Oxford English Dictionary [19, 2 ed.]

Table of contents :
Cover
Title
UNEMANCIPATED
UNFIT
UNGUESTLIKE
UNIFORMITARIANISM
UNITELY
UNLEAVENED
UNMIXABLE
UNPICK
UNREASON
UNSADDLED
UNSINNING
UNSULPHURATED
UNTORREFIED
UNWEPT
UP
UPON
UPSTART
-URIENT
USNIC
V
VAIL
VALVE
VARIABLE
VAT
VEHEMENTLY
VENERATIVE
VENTRIPOTENT
VERIFICATIONISM
VERST
VESTMENT
VICE-CHAMBERLAIN
VIEW
VINAIGROUS
VIOLINO PICCOLO
VIRUCIDAL
VISUALIST
VIZZARD
VOLANTE
VOMICA
VRAC
WAFT
WAIT
WALK
WALM
WANT
WARDABLE
WARN
WAS
WASTE
WATER
WATER-LILY

Citation preview

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THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY SECOND EDITION

THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY First Editedjby JAMES A. H. MURRAY, HENRY BRADLEY, W. A. CRAIGIE and C. T. ONIONS COMBINED WITH

A SUPPLEMENT TO THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY Edited by R. W. BURCHFIELD AND RESET WITH CORRECTIONS,

REVISIONS

AND ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY SECOND EDITION Prepared by

J. A. SIMPSON and E. S. C. WEINER

VOLUME XIX U nemancipated—W au-wau

CLARENDON PRESS•OXFORD 1989

Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0x2

6dp

Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press © Oxford University Press ig8g All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Oxford English dictionary.—2nd ed. I. English language-Dictionaries I. Simpson, J. A. (John Andrew), igsjII. Weiner, Edmund S. C., igyo423

ISBN o-ig-861231-i (vol. XIX) ISBN o-ig-86ii86-2 (set) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Oxford English dictionary. — 2nd ed. prepared by J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner Bibliography: p. ISBN o-ig-861231-i (vol. XIX) ISBN o-ig-86ii86-2 (set) I.

English language—Dictionaries. I. Simpson, J. A. HI. Oxford University Press. PE1623.087 ig8g 423 — dcig 88-5330

11. Weiner, E. S. C.

Data capture by ICC, Fort Washington, Pa. Text-processing by Oxford University Press Typesetting by Filmtype Services Ltd., Scarborough, N. Yorks. Manufactured in the United States of America by Rand McNally & Company, Taunton, Mass.

KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION The

pronunciations given are those in use in the educated speech of southern England (the so-called ‘Received

Standard’), and the keywords given are to be understood as pronounced in such speech. I. Consonants b, d, f, k, 1, m, n, p, t, v, z have their usual English values g as in go (g30)

0 as in thin (9in), hath (ba:0)

h

a

... then (Sen), hathe (beiS)

J

•••

tj

... chop (tjop), ditch (ditj)

... ho\ (hao) run (rAn), terrier ('tenafr))

r

(r) ... her (h3:(r)) see (si:), success (sak'sss)

s

w

... loear (wE3(r))

hw... when (hwen) j

••• yes (jes)

shop (Jnp), dis/i (dij)

X as in It. serraglio (ser'raXo) ji

... Fr. cognac (kopak)

X

... Ger. ach (ax), Sc. loch (lox), Sp.

9

... Ger. ich (19), Sc. nicitt (ni9t)

Y

... North Ger. sagen ('zaiyan)

c

... Afrikaans baardmannet/ie

y

... Fr. cuisine (kqizin)

vision ('vT33n), dejeuner (de30ne)

3

d3 ... judge (d3Ad3) r)

(foreign and non-southern)

... singing ('siyir)), think (0ii]k)

0g ••• finger ('fir)g3(r))

fryoles (fri'xoles)

(’bairtmansci)

Symbols in parentheses are used to denote elements that may be omitted either by individual ('bDt(3)l), Mercian ('m3:J(i)3n), suit (s(j)u:t), impromptu (im'prDm(p)tju:), father ('fa:83(r)).

II. Vowels and Diphthongs SHORT

I as in pit (pit), -ness, (-nis)

LONG

DIPHTHONGS, etc.

i: as in bean (bi:n)

ei as in bay (bei)

E

... pet (pet), Fr. sept (set)

a:

... barn (ba;n)

ai

...

buv (bai)

se

... pat (pact)

d:

... born (b3:n)

31

...

hoy (boi)

...

A

... putt (pAt)

u:

... boon (bum)

30

D

... pot (pnt)

3:

... burn (b3:n)

au ...

no (nso) notv (nau)

0

... put (put)

e:

... Ger. Schnee (Jne:)

13

...

3

... another (3'nA63(r))

e:

... Ger. Fahre (’feira)

£3

...

pair (pe3(r)) tour (t03(r))

(3) . ..

beaten ('bi:t(3)n)

a:

... Ger. Tag (ta:k)

03 ...

i

Fr. si (si)

0;

... Ger. So/in (zom)

33

e

Fr. bebe (bebe)

0:

... Ger. Goethe ('goita)

y:

... Ger. grun (grym)

a

... Fr. mari (mari)

a

... Fr. bdtiment (batima)

D

...

0

... Fr. eau (0)

0

...

oe

... Fr. boeuf (beef) coeur (koer)

Fr. homme (3m) Fr. peu (po)

u

...

Fr. douce (dus)

Y

...

Ger. Muller ('mvlar)

y

•

...

peer (pi3(r))

boar (b33(r))

ai3 as in fiery ('fai3n) au3 ...

sour (sau3(r))

NASAL £, X as in Fr. fin (fe, fie)

d

...

Fr. franc (fra)

5

...

Fr. bon (bo)

oe

...

Fr. un (de)

Fr. du (dy)

The incidence of main stress is shown by a superior stress mark (') preceding the stressed syllable, and a secondary stress by an inferior stress mark (,), e.g. pronunciation (pr3,nAnsi'eiJ(3)n). For further explanation of the transcription used, see General Explanations, Volume I.

891897

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, ETC. Some abbreviations listed here in italics are also in certain cases printed in roman type, and vice versa. a. (in Etym.) a (as a 1850) a. abbrev. abl. absol. Abstr. acc. Acct. A.D.

ad. (in Etym.) Add. adj. Adv. adv. advb. Advt. Aeronaut. AF., AFr. Afr. Agric. Alb. Amer. Amer. Ind. Anat. Anc. Anglo-Ind. Anglo-Ir. Ann. Anthrop., Anthropol. Antiq. aphet. app. Appl. Applic. appos. Arab. Aram. Arch. arch. Archseol. Archil. Arm. assoc. Astr. Astrol. Astron. Astronaut. attrib. Austral. Autobiogr. A.V. B.C.

B.C. bef. Bibliogr. Biochem. Biol. Bk. Bot. Bp. Brit. Bulg.

adoption of, adopted from ante, ‘before’, ‘not later than’ adjective abbreviation (of) ablative absolute, -ly (in titles) Abstract, -s accusative (in titles) Account Anno Domini adaptation of Addenda adjective (in titles) Advance, -d, -s adverb adverbial, -ly advertisement (as label) in Aeronautics; (in titles) Aeronautic, -al, -s Anglo-French Africa, -n (as label) in Agriculture; (in titles) Agriculture, -al Albanian American American Indian (as label) in Anatomy; (in titles) Anatomy, -ical (in titles) Ancient Anglo-Indian Anglo-Irish Annals (as label) in Anthropology; (in titles) Anthropology, -ical (as label) in Antiquities; (in titles) Antiquity aphetic, aphetized apparently (in titles) Applied (in titles) Application, -s appositive, -ly Arabic Aramaic in Architecture archaic in Archaeology (as label) in Architecture; (in titles) Architecture, -al Armenian association in Astronomy in Astrology (in titles) Astronomy, -ical (in titles) Astronautic, -s attributive, -ly Australian (in titles) Autobiography, -ical Authorized Version Before Christ (in titles) British Columbia before (as label) in Bibliography; (in titles) Bibliography, -ical (as label) in Biochemistry; (in titles) Biochemistry, -ical (as label) in Biology; (in titles) Biology, -ical Book (as label) in Botany; (in titles) Botany, -ical Bishop (in titles) Britain, British Bulgarian

Bull.

(in titles) Bulletin

Diet.

c (as c 1700) c. (as 19th c.) Cal. Cambr. Canad. Cat. catachr. Catal. Celt. Cent. Cent. Diet. Cf., cf. Ch. Chem.

circa, ‘about’ century (in titles) Calendar (in titles) Cambridge Canadian Catalan catachrestically (in titles) Catalogue Celtic (in titles) Century, Central Century Dictionary confer, ‘compare’ Church (as label) in Chemistry; (in titles) Chemistry, -ical (in titles) Christian (in titles) Chronicle (in titles) Chronology, -ical

dim. Dis. Diss. D.O.S.T.

Chr. Chron. Chronol. Cinemat., Cinematogr. Clin. cl. L. cogn. w. Col. Coll. collect. colloq. comb. Comb. Comm. Communic. comp. Compan. compar. compl. Compl. Cone. Conch. concr. Conf. Congr. conj. cons. const. contr. Contrib. Corr. corresp. Cotgr.

cpd. Crit. Cryst. Cycl. Cytol.

in Cinematography (in titles) Clinical classical Latin cognate with (in titles) Colonel, Colony (in titles) Collection collective, -ly colloquial, -ly combined, -ing Combinations in Commercial usage in Communications compound, composition (in titles) Companion comparative complement (in titles) Complete (in titles) Concise in Conchology concrete, -ly (in titles) Conference (in titles) Congress conjunction consonant construction, construed with contrast (with) (in titles) Contribution (in titles) Correspondence corresponding (to) R. Cotgrave, Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues compound (in titles) Criticism, Critical in Crystallography (in titles) Cyclopaedia, -ic (in titles) Cytology, -ical

Du. E. Eccl.

Ecol. Econ. ed. E.D.D. Edin. Educ. EE. egElectr. Electron. Elem. ellipt. Embryol. e.midl. Encycl. Eng. Engin. Ent. Entomol. erron. esp. Ess. et al. etc. Ethnol. etym. euphem. Exam. exc. Exerc. Exper. Explor. f. f. (in Etym.) f. (in subordinate entries) F. fern, [rarely f.) figFinn.

fl. Da. D.A. D.A.E. dat. D.C. Deb. def. dem. deriv. derog. Descr. Devel. Diagn. dial.

Danish Dictionary of Americanisms Dictionary of American English dative District of Columbia (in titles) Debate, -s definite, -ition demonstrative derivative, -ation derogatory (in titles) Description, -live (in titles) Development, -al (in titles) Diagnosis, Diagnostic dialect, -al

Found. Ft. freq. Fris. Fund. Funk or Funk's Stand. Diet. G. Gael. Gaz. gen. gen. Geogr.

Dictionary; spec., the Oxford English Dictionary diminutive (in titles) Disease (in titles) Dissertation Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue Dutch East (as label) in Ecclesiastical usage; (in titles) Ecclesiastical in Ecology (as label) in Economics; (in titles) Economy, -ics edition English Dialect Dictionary (in titles) Edinburgh (as label) in Education; (in titles) Education, -al Early English exempli gratia, ‘for example’ (as label) in Electricity; (in titles) Electricity, -ical (in titles) Electronic, -s (in titles) Element, -ary elliptical, -ly in Embryology east midland (dialect) (in titles) Encyclopaedia, -ic England, English in Engineering in Entomology (in titles) Entomology, -logical erroneous, -ly especially (in titles) Essay, -s et alii, ‘and others’ et cetera in Ethnology etymology euphemistically (in titles) Examination except (in titles) Exercise, -s (in titles) Experiment, -al (in titles) Exploration, -s feminine formed on form of French feminine figurative, -ly Finnish floruit, ‘flourished’ (in titles) Foundation, -s French frequent, -ly Frisian (in titles) Fundamental, -s Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary German Gaelic (in titles) Gazette genitive general, -ly (as label) in Geography; (in titles) Geography, -ical

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, ETC. Geol. Geom. Geomorphol. Ger. Gloss. Gmc. Godef.

Goth. Govt. Gr. Gram. Gj. Heb. Her. Herb. Hind. Hist. hist. Histol. Hort. Househ. Housek. Ibid. Icel. Ichthyol. id. i.e. IE. Illustr. imit. Immunol. imp. impers. impf. ind. indef. Industr. inf. infl. Inorg. Ins. Inst. int. intr. Introd. It. irreg. It.

(as label) in Geology; (in titles) Geology, -ical in Geometry in Geomorphology German Glossary Germanic F. Godefroy, Dictionnaire de rancienne langue franfaise Gothic (in titles) Government Greek (as label) in Grammar; (in titles) Grammar, -tical Great Hebrew in Heraldry among herbalists Hindustani (as label) in History; (in titles) History, -ical historical (in titles) Histology, -ical in Horticulture (in titles) Household (in titles) Housekeeping Ibidem, ‘in the same book or passage’ Icelandic in Ichthyology idem, ‘the same’ id est, ‘that is’ Indo-European (in titles) Illustration, -ted imitative in Immunology imperative impersonal imperfect indicative indefinite (in titles) Industry, -ial infinitive influenced (in titles) Inorganic (in titles) Insurance (in titles) Institute, -tion interjection intransitive (in titles) Introduction Irish irregular, -ly Italian

(Jam.) Jap. joc. Jrnl. Jun.

(quoted from) Johnson’s Dictionary Jamieson, Scottish Diet. Japanese jocular, -ly (in titles) Journal (in titles) Junior

Know!

(in titles) Knowledge

I. L. lang. Lect. Less. Let., Lett. LG. lit. Lit. Lith. LXX

line Latin language (in titles) Lecture, -s (in titles) Lesson, -s letter, letters Low German literal, -ly Literary Lithuanian Septuagint

m. Mag. Magn. Mai. Man. Managem. Manch. Manuf. Mar.

masculine (in titles) Magazine (in titles) Magnetic, -ism Malay, Malayan (in titles) Manual (in titles) Management (in titles) Manchester in Manufacture, -ing (in titles) Marine

J-. (J-)

masc. (rarely m. Math. MDu. ME. Mech. Med. med.L. Mem. Metaph. Meteorol. MHG. midi. Mil. Min. Mineral. MLG. Misc. mod. mod.L (Morris), Mus.

Myst. Mythol. N. n. N. Amer. N. & Q. Narr. Nat. Nat. Hist. Naut. N.E. N.E.D.

Neurol. neut. (rarely n.) NF., NFr. No. nom. north. Norw. n.q. N.T. Nucl. Numism. N.W. N.Z. obj. obi. Obs., obs. Obstetr. occas. OE.

masculine (as label) in Mathematics; (in titles) Mathematics, -al Middle Dutch Middle English (as label) in Mechanics; (in titles) Mechanics, -al (as label) in Medicine; (in titles) Medicine, -ical medieval Latin (in titles) Memoir, -s in Metaphysics (as label) in Meteorology; (in titles) Meteorology, -ical Middle High German midland (dialect) in military usage (as label) in Mineralogy; (in titles) Ministry (in titles) Mineralogy, -ical Middle Low German (in titles) Miscellany, -eous modern modern Latin (quoted from) E. E. Morris’s Austral English (as label) in Music; (in titles) Music, -al; Museum (in titles) Mystery in Mythology North neuter North America, -n Notes and Queries (in titles) Narrative (in titles) Natural in Natural History in nautical language North East New English Dictionary, original title of the Oxford English Dictionary (first edition) in Neurology neuter Northern French Number nominative northern (dialect) Norwegian no quotations New Testament Nuclear in Numismatics North West New Zealand

OS. OSl. O.T. Outl. Oxf.

object oblique obsolete (in titles) Obstetrics occasionally Old English (= Anglo-Saxon) Old French Old Frisian Old High German Old Irish Old Norse Old Northern French in Ophthalmology opposed (to), the opposite (of) in Optics (in titles) Organic origin, -al, -ally (as label) in Ornithology; (in titles) Ornithology, -ical Old Saxon Old (Church) Slavonic Old Testament (in titles) Outline (in titles) Oxford

PPalseogr.

page in Palteography

OF., OFr. OFris. OHG. OIr. ON. ONF. Ophthalm. opp. Opt. Org. orig. Ornith.

Palwont.

(as label) in Paleontology; (in titles) Palseontology, -ical pa. pple. passive participle, past participle (Partridge), (quoted from) E. Partridge’s Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English pass. passive, -ly pa.t. past tense Path. (as label) in Pathology; (in titles) Pathology, -ical perh. perhaps Pers. Persian pers. person, -al Petrogr. in Petrography Petrol. (as label) in Petrology; (in titles) Petrology, -ical (Pettman), (quoted from) C. Penman’s Africanderisms perfect pf. Portuguese Pg. Pharm. in Pharmacology Philol. (as label) in Philology; (in titles) Philology, -ical (as label) in Philosophy; Philos. (in titles) Philosophy, -ic phonetic, -ally phonet. Photogr. (as label) in Photography; (in titles) Photography, -ical phrase phr. Phys. physical; (rarely) in Physiology Physiol. (as label) in Physiology; (in titles) Physiology, -ical (in titles) Picture, Pictorial Piet. pi., plur. plural poetic, -al poet. Polish Pol. Pol. (as label) in Politics; (in titles) Politics, -al Pol. Econ. in Political Economy Polit. (in titles) Politics, -al pop. popular, -ly Pore. (in titles) Porcelain poss. possessive Pott. (in titles) Pottery ppl. a., pple. adj. participial adjective pple. participle Pr. Provencal pr. present (in titles) Practice, -al Pract. prec. preceding (word or article) predicative pred. prefix pref. pref., Pref. preface preposition prep. pres. present Princ. (in titles) Principle, -s priv. privative prob. probably (in titles) Problem Probl. (in titles) Proceedings Proc. pron. pronoun pronunciation pronunc. properly prop. in Prosody Pros. Provenfal Prov. present participle pr. pple. in Psychology Psych. (as label) in Psychology; Psychol. (in titles) Psychology, -ical (in titles) Publications Publ. Qquot(s). q.v.

(in titles) Quarterly quotation(s) quod vide, ‘which see’

R. Radiol. R.C.Ch. Rec. redupl. Ref. refash. refl. Reg.

(in titles) Royal in Radiology Roman Catholic Church (in titles) Record reduplicating (in titles) Reference refashioned, -ing reflexive (in titles) Register

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, ETC. reg. rel. Reminisc. Rep. repr. Res. Rev. rev. Rhet. Rom. Rum. Russ.

regular related to (in titles) Reminiscence, -s (in titles) Report, -s representative, representing (in titles) Research (in titles) Review revised in Rhetoric Roman, -ce, -ic Rumanian Russian

S. S.Afr. sb. sc.

South South Africa, -n substantive scilicet, ‘understand’ or ‘supply’ Scottish (in titles) Scandinavia, -n (in titles) School Scottish National Dictionary (in titles) Scotland (in titles) Selection, -s Series singular (in titles) Sketch Sanskrit Slavonic Scottish National Dictionary (in titles) Society (as label) in Sociology; (in titles) Sociology, -ical Spanish (in titles) Speech, -es spelling specifically (in titles) Specimen Saint (in titles) Standard (quoted from) Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words S’ Phrases

Sc., Scot. Scand. Sch. Sc. Nat. Diet. Scotl. Set. Ser. sing. Sk. Skr. Slav. S.N.D. Soc. Social. Sp. Sp. sp. spec. Spec. St. Stand. Stanf.

str. Struct. Stud. subj. subord. cl. subseq. subst. suff. superl. Suppl. Surg. s.v. Sw. s.w. Syd. Soc. Lex.

syll. Syr. Syst. Taxon. techn. Technol. Telegr. Teleph. (Th.), Theatr. Theol. Theoret. Tokh. tr., transl. Trans. trans. transf. Trav. Treas. Treat. Treatm. Trig.

strong (in titles) Structure, -al (in titles) Studies subject subordinate clause subsequent, -ly substantively suffix superlative Supplement (as label) in Surgery; (in titles) Surgery, Surgical sub voce, ‘under the word’ Swedish south-western (dialect) Sydenham Society, Lexicon of Medicine & Allied Sciences syllable Syrian (in titles) System, -atic (in titles) Taxonomy, -ical technical, -ly (in titles) Technology, -ical in Telegraphy in Telephony (quoted from) Thornton’s American Glossary in the Theatre, theatrical (as label) in Theology; (in titles) Theology, -ical (in titles) Theoretical Tokharian translated, translation (in titles) Transactions transitive transferred sense (in titles) Travel{s) (in titles) Treasury (in titles) Treatise (in titles) Treatment in Trigonometry

Trap. Turk. Typog., Typogr.

(in titles) Tropical Turkish in Typography

ult. Univ. unkn. U.S. U.S.S.R.

ultimately (in titles) University unknown United States Union of Soviet Socialist Republics usually

usu. V., vb. var(r)., vars. vbl. sb. Vertebr. Vet.

Vet. Sci. viz. Voy. v.str. vulg. v.w. W. wd. Webster Westm. WGme. Wks. w.midl. WS. (Y.), Yrs. Zoogeogr. Zool.

verb variant(s) of v’erbal substantive (in titles) Vertebrate, -s (as label) in Veterinary Science; (in titles) Veterinary in Veterinary Science videlicet, ‘namely’ (in titles) Voyage, -s strong verb vulgar weak verb Welsh; West word Webster’s (New International) Dictionary (in titles) Westminster West Germanic (in titles) Works west midland (dialect) West Saxon (quoted from) Yule & Burnell’s Hobson-Jobson (in titles) Years in Zoogeography (as label) in Zoology; (in titles) Zoology, -ical

Signs and Other Conventions Before a word or sense t = obsolete II = not naturalized, alien ^ = catachrestic and erroneous uses

In the listing of Forms 1 2 3 5-7 20

= = = = =

before i loo 12th c. (I too to 1200) 13th c. (1200 to 1300), etc. 15th to 17th century 20th century

In the etymologies * indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the existence is inferred :— = normal development of

The printing of a word in small capitals indicates that further information will be found under the word so referred to. .. indicates an omitted part of a quotation. - (in a quotation) indicates a hyphen doubtfully present in the original; (in other text) indicates a hyphen inserted only for the sake of a line-break.

PROPRIETARY NAMES Dictionary includes some words which are or are asserted to be proprietary names or trade marks. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a non-proprietary or general significance nor any other judgement concerning their legal status. In cases where the editorial staff have established in the records of the Patent Offices of the United Kingdom and of the United States that a word is registered as a proprietary name or trade mark this is indicated, but no judgement concerning the legal status of such words is made or implied thereby.

This

UNEMANCIPATED

1

UNENACTED

une'mancipated, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

unem'bowered, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

[i^5 Ash.] 1811 F. Plowden Hist. Irel. jSoj-io II. iv. 535 The Catholics remained unemancipated. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. I. 63 Unemancipated slaves.. become the property of his heirs. 1875 Maine Htst. Inst. vii. 223 The home-stayinR, unemancipated son.. is preferred to the others.

[1775 Ash.] 1814 WoRDSW. Excurs. vii. 55 unembowered And naked stood that lowly Parsonage.

une'masculated,/>/)/. a. (un-* 8.)

unem'braced, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

[*775 Ash.] 1791 Cowper Iliad xxiii. 474 Borne by his unemasculated steeds Of Trojan pedigree. 1888 Pall Mall G. 6 June 6/1 If it becomes law with its main provisions unemasculated.

unembacelled, obs. var. unembezzled.

[*775 Ash.] 1792 Elvina II. 83 [They] took their departure, unattended,—unembraced, — unr^retted. 1853 Talfourd Castilian v. 111, It is hard To leave her unembraced, yet on a moment Hangs the last issue. 1867 MoRRis7/>/. a. (un-* io.) [1775 Ash.] 1814 Wordsw. azure heaven, the unenduring Chr. xiv. viii. VI. 573 The Justinian were but partial and

unener'getic, a. (un-*

Excurs. ix. 6 The stars Of clouds. 1855 Milman Lat. architectural.. conquests of unenduring.

7

and

5

b.)

1805 A. Knox Mem. I. 6 The cold, low. unenergetic notion of it.. is really below Cicero in moral matters. 1850 Thackeray Pendennis ii. He is a very good boy, rather idle and unenergetic. 1878 Seeley Stein III. 532 A man of this unenergetic character.. has no colour.

un'enervated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1766 in Hansard Pari. Debates (1813) XVI. 286 The supreme law with me shall ever be to maintain, unrelaxed and unenervated, the fundamentals of the constitution. 1854 J. S. C, Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. x. 174 We shall found a colony there unenervated by the curse of slavery.

unen'feebled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1648 Hexham ii, Ongekrenckt, Vn-weakned, or Vnenfeebled. 1814 Wordsw. Excurs. vii. 208 The comeliness of unenfeebled age. 1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 78 The new doctrine is, that the Crown has a sacred trust., to preserve the Regal prerogative unenfeebled.

unen'forceable, a. (un-*

7

b.)

1868 Benjamin On Sales (1884) 530 The terms of the bargain included a wager that rendered it illegal; quaereunenforceable. 1885 Z/. Serm. vii. (1877) 155 Free and unensnared souls. unen'souled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) i860 PuSEY Min. Proph. 41 When., they were lifeless bodies, unensouled by His grace. unen'tailed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1713 C’tess Winchelsea Misc. Poems 243 Your unentailed, your undivided Air, Where no Proprietor was ever known. 1784 R. Bage Barham Downs II. 315 His unentailed estates are to be sold. 1827 Lytton Pelham iii. The whole of his unentailed property.. he bequeathed to her. unen'tangle, v. Also 7 unin-, [un-* 3.] trans. To disentangle. 1610 Donne Pseudo-martyr 226 It is impossible to.. vnentar^Ie our consciences by any of those Rules. 1655 tr. Sorel's Com. Hist. Francion iv. 13 All this was intermingled .. in a more than a barbarous confusion, which was so uneasie to unintangle [etc.]. 1887 Bowen JEneid vi. 29 D£dalu8..of himself unentangled the woven trick of the grove. Hence unen'tangler. rare-^. 1610 Donne Pseudo-martyr 345 The late vn-entangler of perplexities,.. who vndertakes to cleare so many cases, which Nauarrus and many others left in suspence. unen'tangled, ppl. a. Also 7-8 unin-. (uN-‘ 8.) 0x586 Sidney Arcadia lil. ix, So I in simple course, and unentangled minde. Did suffer drousie lids mine eyes.. to blinde. 1622 S. Ward Christ All in All{it2.’j) 36 He had now nothing left but.. Christ, whom hee.. would now with vnlimed and vnentangled wings flye vnto. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vii. §218 He was unintangled with any Acquaintance or Friends. 0x715 Burnet Own Time i. (1766) I. 124 To keep the thread of the narration in an unintangled method. 1779-81 Johnson L.P., Collins, That this man .. passed always unentangled through the snares of life, it would be.. temerity to affirm. 1842 J. b. Fraser Allee Neemroo I. 20 Its rider, shot forward from its back,., fortunately unentangled by its harness. 1001 H. W. Holden Justif. 96 We may be free indeed to follow the Lord .. unentangled and unembarrassed by any other will. un'ented, ppl. a. [un-' 8 -i- late L. ent-, ens: see ENS.] Not endowed with being. 1657 Reeve God's Plea 241 God..out of..an unshapen un-ented Nothing hath set up.. this specious and spacious Universe. un'enterable, a. (un-' 7 b.) 1650 Fuller Pisgah 366 That mysterious place being unenterable. .save [for] the high-Priest alone. un'entered, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Not recorded by an entry in a book. 1482 in Charters, etc. Edinb. (1871) 168 Gudis .. enterit in the tovnis bukis, togidder with the eschete of the sammyn guhare it beis fundin vnenterit. 1554-5 ))) Feuillerat Rex^els Q. Mary (1914) 169, xij elles of white & blewe sarcenet.. left out vnentred in the boke of the same [masque]. 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 174 The makers of cyder or perry.. shall enter.. the mills,.. and other places to be made use of,.. under the penalty of 25/. for using any unentered place. t2. Not initiated or introduced. Obs. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke i. 7 A people not vtterly vntraded or vnentred in his discipline, but somwhat prepaired already. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. 45 In the Greek tongue most of them unletter’d, or unenter’d to any sound proficiency in those Attick maisters of morall wisdome. 3. Sc. Law. Not formally admitted. 1711 in Nairne Peerage Evidence 142 [They are] not to lye out themselves unentered in the superiority to their prejudice. 1868 Act 31 & 32 Viet. c. 101 §6 The rights and remedies competent to a superior against his vassal lying out unentered. 4. Of hounds: Not yet put into a pack. 1772 G. Cartwright Jrn/. 5 May (1792) I. 220 Having two couple of unentered hounds with me, I let them all loose to blood them, but the old dog following the first deer, I was not able to catch him again. 1896 Sportsman 10 July 4/1 In young unentered hounds the Eamont were first and Boddington second. 5. Not gone into; not penetrated. *775 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. i. 20 note, This cavern .. remained closely shut and unentered for many ages. 1821 Byron Cam 11. ii, The intelligences I have seen Round our regretted and unenter’d Eden. un'entering:,/>p/. a. (un-' sd and lo.) 1583 Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 603 For keping of his uides and cattell unenterir^ in the said forest. x8oi outhey Thalaba IX. xxxii, The evening sun Pour’d his unentering glory on the mist. And it was night below. t un'enterpen, v. Obs.-° (un-* 3; see enterpen V.)

unen'rolled, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 1. v. ix, Unenrollcd men deposit their arms, ..and receive ‘nine francs.’ x88i Jowett Thucyd. I. 27 The treaty allows any unenrolled cities to join either league.

unen'slave, v. (un-* 3.) 1644 Prerogative Anatomized i That the deceived people .. may see the necessitie.. to uninslave their soules, persons and estates, from Ecclcsiasticall.. tyrannic.

1647 Hexham i. (Birds), To unenterpen a Hawke, Een ontwerren. 1671 Skinner s.v., The hawk unenterpenneth. Valck

un'enterprise: see UN-' 12. un'enterprising,/>/>/. a. (un-' io.) Wso unenterprisingly . (W’ebstcr, 1847). *777 Robertson Hist. Amer. ii. Ipii A maxim under which the ignorant and unenterprising shelter themselves in

UNENTERTAINED every age. 1791 Burke Th. French Aff. Wks. VI I. 29 Under a lazy and unenterprising prince. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xviii. IV. 235 He would not again be told that he was a timid and unenterprising commander.

unenter'tained, ppL a. (un-^ 8.) 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. 11. 1647 The Mother was constrain’d To let her child depart unentertain’d. 1669 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 737 These Generals., afforded me Particulars, which never left me unentertained. 1754 Fielding Voy. Lisbon 27 July, A man must., have been.. duller than Cibber is represented in the Dunciad, who could be entertained with him a little while.

unenter'taining, pp/. a. (un-* io.) 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. ii. (1703) 38 If he is silent and unentertaining to a visiter, the spleen is his excuse. 1748 Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett, xlvii. (1749) II. 20 His conv’ersation is unentertaining: for., all that he utters is delivered with labour and hesitation. 1796 Hist. Ned Evans II. 118 The ceremony of adoption being somewhat singular it may not be unentertaining to relate it. 1837 Syd. Smith 2nd Let. to Singleton IP 21 The idea of abandoning this taxation .. is not unentertaining.

Hence unenter'tainingly adv., -ness. 1740 Gray Let. to West 25 Sept., Last post I received a very diminutive letter. It made excuses for its unentertainingness. 1847 Webster, Unentertainingly. 1886 Ruskin Praeterita I. V. 146 A conceited and unentertainingly troublesome little monkey.

unen'thralled, ppL a. Also 7 unin-, (un-^ 8.) 1649 Milton Eikon. Pref., Wks. 1851 III. 335 It must needs be ridiculous to any judgement uninthrall’d, that they ..should in this one particular outstripp all precisianism. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1818) III. 172 Observation, unaided, but at the same time unenthralled, by partial experiment. 1851 Trench Poems 153, I know not any, unenthralled of sorrow.

unen'thusiastic, a. (un-^ 7.) Also, in recent use, unenthusiastically adv. 1805 A. Knox Rem. (1834) I. 38 There is nothing supposed here, which the.. unenthusiastic Addison does not.. admirably describe. 1865 Trollope Belton Est. xxviii. He had been calm, unenthusiastic, and reasonable.

unen'ticed, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1823 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. 102 Who scorned to share it with him; unenticed By shame’s imperial bait.

unen'tire, a. Also 7 unin-. (UN-^ 7.) a 1618 J. Davies (Heref.) Witte's Pilgr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 50/2 The Elements,.. in firme accord, mine ende conspire: .. Which well agrees to make me vnintire. 1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero's De Finibus iii. 177 Representing Vertue as Unentire and Abortive.

unen'titled, ppl. a. Also 8 unin-, (un-^ 8.) a 1768 Secker Serm., Gal. vi. ly (1771) V. 396 That State is undoubtedly a bad one;.. unintitled to Pardon of Sin. 1832 Scott Redgauntlet Introd., Persons totally unentitled to.. such a distinction, were presented to the unfortunate Prince. 1869 Tanner Clin. Med. (ed. 2) 171 A boy appropriating a nicety to which he was unentitled.

unen'tombed,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) 1697 Dryden JEneis vi. 508 Think’st thou thus unintomb’d to cross the Floods,.. And visit, without leave, the dark abodes? 1823 J. G. Todd Strila 156 All gory and mangled he hung unentombed.

unentomo'logical, a. (un-^ 7.) 1807 Kirby Let. in K. & Spence Entomol. (1856) App. 579 Occupied with unentomological affairs. 1817 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xvi. II. 10 Unentomological observers.. might easily mistake one kind of insect for another.

unen'trance, v, (un-^ 3.) 1834 Sir H. Taylor Artevelde, Elena 278 As that common day advanced His heart was wholly unentranced.

unen'treatable, a. Also unin-, (un-^ 7 b.) 1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 97 Corrupt Preachers .. haue .. borne men in hand that God is an unintreatable Rhadamantus. 1581 j. Bell Haddon's Anszv. Osor. 478 b, The Pope.. did with unentreatable bloudthyrstynes rushe upon good and godly ministers. 1611 COTGR., Inexorable, inexorable, vnintreatable.

unen'treated, ppl. a. In 7 unin-, (un-^ 8.) 1601 Munday & Chettle Death Earl Huntington ii. ii, A gallant crue Of courtly maskers.., Before whome, vnintreated, I am come. 1641 Earl Monm. tr. Biondi's Civil Wars i. 22 The doing of what of himself, as King, he ought unintreated to have done. 01652 Brome Netv Acad. ii. ii, Will you turne Match-maker For others unintreated?

unen'trenched,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) 1641 Earl Monm. tr. Biondi's Civil Wars iv. 63 What doth Charles deserve, who .. durst not confront him, whilst unintrench’d, hee stood ready to receiue him. 1716 Pope Iliad II. 332 An army that lay unfortify’d and unintrench’d.

4 un'enviable, a. and sb. (un-* 7 b.) 1641 Milton Animadv. Pref. 3 Their hopes of ascending above a lowly and unenviable pitch in this life. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) II. 205 All the unenviables of her situation recurred to her mind. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 143 He now daily proved that he was well entitled to this unenviable reputation. 1885 C. E. Pascoe Lond. of To-day 262 The church.. which has earned an unenviable notoriety in connection with.. Ritualistic practices.

Hence un'enviably adv. >854 Huxley in Life (1900) 1. 47 One of that class unenviably distinguished in the war-time as a ‘donkey frigate’.

un'envied, ppl. a. [un-* 8, 9.] 11. Not mixed with envy. Obs.~' 1390 Gower Conf. I. 7 Tho was ther unenvied love, Tho was the vertu sett above And vice was put under fote.

2. Not made the object of envy; not regarded with envious feelings. 1615 Chapman Odyss. xvii. 285 Why thou vnenuied Swaine, Whither dost thou leade .. this most nasty begger? a 1667 Cowley Ess., Dangers Hon. Man, Why you may stay, and live unenvyed here. 1725 Pope Odyss. xiv. 452 Let us.. here, unenvy’d, rural dainties taste. 1741 Richardson Pamela III. 216, I shall.. injoy, unenvied, the Favour of my dear Papa and Mamma. 1831 Wordsw. Primrose of Rock 33 Let myriads of bright flowers. Like Thee, in field and grove Revive unenvied.

3. Not enviously desired or grudged. 1645 Symonds Diary (Camden) 274 My witt, That seekes no higher prise. Than in unenvyed shades to sett. 1667 Milton P.L. ii. 23 Mee..this loss. Thus farr at least recover’d, hath much more Establisht in a safe unenvied Throne. 1713 Berkeley in Guard. No. 62 fP i To draw a secret unenvied Pleasure from a thousand Incidents over¬ looked by other Men. 1816 Scott Antiq. xviii, Martin Waldeck .. often regretted bitterly the labours and sports of his unenvied poverty. 1905 J. B. Bury St. Patrick ii. 17 To be a decurion .. in the days of Calpumius and his father was .. an unenvied dignity.

Hence un'enviedly adv. 1738 R. Whatley Lett. & Applic. vii, A Right Reverend Prelate,.. unenviedly possest of one of the most eminent stations.

un'envious, a. (un-* 7.) 1656 Cowley Pindar. Odes, 2nd Olympique x. Fortune’s free gifts as freely to impart With an Unenvious hand, and an unbounded Heart. 1746 Akenside Hymn to Naiads 67 You too, O Nymphs, and your unenvious aid The rural powers confess. 1754 Secker Serm. (1771) xi. 287 We shall be far surer of finding these upright, unenvious,.. compassionate, than others, who have not equal inducements. 1838 Lytton Alice v. iii, Caroline gazed with honest but not unenvious admiration at the fairy mrm. 1881 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 199 The only unenvious people in Europe.

So un'enviously adv. 1896 Daily News 13 June 5/6 Though the naval architects may look never so unenviously at the developement of the German fleet.

un'envying,/>/)/. a. (un-* io.) 1741 Richardson Pamela III. 242 They all yield to her the Palm, unenvying. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. ii. 97 Delightful strains.. which charm To silence the unenvying nightingales.

unen'woven, p/)/. a. (un-* 8 b.) 1871 Swinburne Songs bef. Sunrise, Mentana 83 Lycoris, with hair unenwoven.

un'epilogued, a. (un-* 9.) 1773 Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. Epil., And now with late repentance, Un-epilogued the Poet waits his sentence.

une'piscopal, a. [un-* 7.] 1. Not controlled by bishops; not episcopalian in character or government. 1659 Gauden Tears Ch. ** 2 He never set up any soveraign and unepiscopal Presbytery as an Idol or Moloch. 1863 A. Blomfield Mem. Bp. Blomfield I. xi. 298 The HighChurch party., looked with dislike.. upon any display of friendly feeling towards an un-episcopal Church.

2. Not pertaining to or befitting a bishop. 01661 Fuller Worthies, Wilts, iii. (1662) 150 If any say, this was an un-episcopal act; know, he did it not as Bishop, but as Lord Treasurer. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. III. 34 They could not have pleas’d the Dissenters .. better, than by such Un-^iscopal Ravings. 1889 Gretton Memory's Harkb. 55 The sayings and doings of his early unepiscopal days were remembered. 1897 J. W. Clark Barnwell Introd. 20 The Bishop lost his temper, and used very un-episcopal language.

Hence une'piscopally adv. 1886 Manch. Exam. 6 Jan. 3/1 The unepiscopally explicit declaration.

un'epitaphed, a. (un-* 9.)

une'numerable, a. (uN-^7b.)

1827 PoLLOK Course T. iii. 434 To live unknown ..: to die unpraised, Unepitaphed! 1858 M. Arnold Merope 779 Those dead unepitaph’d, who He In the stone coffins at Orchomenus.

1895 Westm. Gaz. 12 June 3/1 The countless triumphs .., the unenumerable charms.

un'equable, a. (un-* 7 and 5 b.)

une'numerated, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1799 G. Barnes Rights Crown of Ireland 47 The un-enumerated, equally with the enumerated articles. 1887 Moloney Forestry W. Africa 198 Wood and timber imports... Unenumerated.

Asserted

unen'venomed, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1767 S. Paterson Another Trav. II. 134 Disarm them of their stings!—that henceforward they may be all dartless unenvenomed buz. 1831 Trelawny Jidu. Younger Son III. 322 The rejection, unenvenomed by ministers, was not offensive.

1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 261 March and September .. are .. the most unsettled and unequable of seasons. 1748 Hartley Observ. Man i. i. §3. 108 TJnequable and irregular Motions of the Heart and Bowels. 1763 Phil. Trans. LIII. 245 The true (or unequable) motions of the Sun, Moon, and nodes. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 45 The unequable motion of the piston moved in the common way by a crank. 1855 Faber Growth in Holiness xvii. 306 We are fluctuating and unequable in our very fears.

Hence un'equably adv. 1834 Mrs. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sci. iii. (1840) 20 As the planet moves unequably in its orbit. 0 1849 PoE Eureka Wks. 1865 II. 180 We have now reached a point from which

UNEQUAL we behold the Universe as a spherical space, interspersed, unequably, with clusters.

un'equal, sb. [un-* 7, 12; cf. next.] \. pi. Persons who are not on an equality with each other in respect of rank or social standing. i5oo W. Watson Decacordon (iboz) 51 It is an act of great humility.. neither to striue for the last or first word, or place taking amongst not much vnequals. 1667 Milton P.L. viii. 383 Among unequals what societie Can sort, what harmonic or true delight? 1768 Woman of Honor II. 56 Such is generally the end of that society among unequals. 1875 Poste Gaius i. (ed. 2) 40 The law of Persons considers men as unequals.

2. pi. Things that are not equal to each other in kind, magnitude, etc. 1611 W. ScLATER Key (1629) 149 An Antithesis of things diuers;.. secondly, a comparison of vnequals. 01653 Gouge Comm. Heb. iii. 2 Unequals may be compared in quality and likeness, though not in equality. 1719 Whiston bdem. Euclid 6 If to Unequals you add Equals, the Wholes will be unequal. 1789 T. Taylor Proclus II. 17 Let a be equal to b, and add to each the unequals c, d.

un'equal, a. and adv. [un-* 7 and 5 b: cf. the earlier unegall (uneguall) and inequal.] 1. Not equal in amount, size, quality, etc. a. Of two or more things or persons in comparison with each other. 1565 Cooper Thes., Calami dispares, vnequall reedes, one smaller then an other. 1570 Billingsley Euclid i. post. v. 7 If to vnequall thinges ye adde equall thinges, the whole shall be vnequall. 1607 J. Davies (Heref.) Summa Totalis Wks. (Grosart) I. 14/2 Then, if his Will and Prayer vnequall be. How shall we equall make his Properties? 1653 Blithe Eng. Improver Imp. 197, I.. onely advise that if your horses be unequall for height, then place the highest formost. 1693 T. Creech in Dryden's Juvenal xili. (1697) 328 Ev’ry Age relates That equal Crimes have met unequal Fates. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Odes i. xxxiii. 16 With sportive cruelty she binds Unequal forms, unequal minds. 1784 Astle Orig. ^ Progr. Writing 79 The Rustic capitals were bold, negligent, unequal. 1836 W. C. Taylor Anc. Hist. xvi. §1. 372 Tarraconensis was divided into two unequal portions by the river Iberus. i860 Tyndall Glac. i. xiv. 95 Three stakes.. would, I think, move with unequal velocities. 1861 J. S. Adams 5000 Musical Terms 104 Compositions written for both male and female voices are said to be for unequal voices.

b. With abstract sbs. in the singular. 1593 Shaks. 3 Hen. VI, III. ii. 159 Shee did corrupt frayle Nature.. To shape my Legges of an vnequall size. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 1. viii. 34 The Experience of men equall in age, is not much unequall, as to the quantity. 1710 Tatler No. 235 IP I That unequal Love by which Parents distinguish their Children from each other. 1780 Cowper Progr. Error 560 Halting on crutches of unequal size. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises II. 265 There seems to be no solid ground for treating with such unequal regard the two objects of the testator’s bounty. 1838 Lytton Calderon i. The courtiers one by one approached the marquis, who received them with very unequal courtesy. 1908 Animal Managem. 185 The more unequal the balance of weight carried the greater the risk of injury.

c. Of single persons or things. 01677 Barrow Math. x. 233 That will be called unequal, which contains in it another.. and some thing besides. 1829 Scott Anne of G. xxxv. Surely..a match with one so unequal in birth.. was too monstrous to be mentioned? 1887 Bowen Mneid i. 475 Ill-starred youth, for Achilles unequal match in the fight.

d. Of numbers: Odd; not even. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. viii. 105 Thrice bind about his thrice devoted Head,. .Unequal numbers please the Gods. 1807 Robinson Archaeol. Graeca v. x. (1827) 447 The gods were supposed to be pleased with unequal numbers.

2. t a. Of things; Inadequate, insufficient. Obs. 1582 Bentley Mon. Matrones iii. 278 Continue, O God, such goodnesse towards me,.. which doo here .. appeale .. to accept mine vnequall thanks for the same. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. Pref,, Authority.. which the privacie of our condition, and unequall abilities cannot expect. 1676 Dryden Aurengz. i. i. 74 Those Rebel-Sons, who dare.. To sway his Empire with unequal Skill And mount a throne which none but he can fill. 1736 Gray Statius i. $ From out the gazing host Young Pterelas with strength unequal drew. Labouring, the disc, and to small distance threw.

b. Not equal or adequate to some task, etc. (Occas. with inf. or vbl. sb.) 01694 Tillotson Serm. (1743) VII. 1991 We are very unequal to our religion, if we make a doubt of these things. 1776 Gibbon Decl. Sf F. ii. (1782) I. 60 Four of them were immediately rejected as unequal to the burden. 1802 Marian Moore Lascelles II. 99, I was unequal to personally opposing that dear friend. 1816 Scott Uld Mort. xxxiii. Unequal.. to arrange his own thoughts into suitable expressions. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 229 Avaux had given it as his opinion that Richard Hamilton was unequal to the difficulties of the situation. 1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 111 Imagination was unequal to the task.

3. Exhibiting inequality in some respect; varying, variable: a. In movement or action. 1565 Cooper Inaequabilis percussus venarum, vnequall pulse. 1655 Culpepper, etc., Riverius viii. ii. 181 After an unequal Pulse, he fell into a Palpitation and an Asthma, and so died. 1715 tr. Gregory's Astron. (1726) I. 463 The Motion of this Body which is in its own Nature unequal, ought to be reduced to an equality. 1799 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. III. 271 The gratitude of the depredator of Hibernia walked forth with unequal pace by the side of his emoluments. 1821 Scott Kenilw. xxxiv. Her step was not only slow, but even unequal.

b. In extent, amount, duration, etc. 1591 G. Fletcher Russe Commw. (Hakl. Soc.) 112 By means of an unequall partition of the people and parishes. 1593 Fale Dialling 40 By an unequall houre is meant the 12 part of the day whether it be short or long. 1656 Earl Monm. tr. Boccalini's Advts.fr. Parnass. l. xxiv. (1674) 26 Is

UNEQUALABLE it not.. able to make a man die for anger,.. in so unequal a thirst, to drink still the same measure? 1(^4 Earl Roscom. Ess. Transl. Verse 234 If you will unequal Numbers try, Their Accents on odd Syllables must lie. 1815 Stephens in Shau-'s Gen. Zool. IX. i. 6 Tail very long, unequal, the outer feathers the shortest: tip black. 1836 Macgillivray Trav. Humboldt xxi. 302 The climate.. is marked by an unequal distribution of heat at different periods of the year. spec. 1816 R. Ja.meson Char. Min. (cd. 2) 204 Unequal tourmaline .. is a nine-sided prism, having seven alternating planes on one extremity, and three on the other.

c. In surface: Uneven, undulating. 1613 PuRCHAS Pilgrimage vin. iii. 624 The unequall Seas, which might amaze the hearer, and amate the beholder. 1686 tr. Chardin s Trav. Persia 79 The Country it self is unequal; full of Hills.., Valleys and Plains. 1718 Prior Solomon II. 5 The perplexing and unequal Ways, Where Study brings Thee. 173a Munro Anat. Bones 131 This Bone is extremely ragged and unequal. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla I. 4 The parsonage-house.., beautifully situated in the unequal county of Hampshire. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xlvi. IV. 270 Unequal, having very slight and indeterminate excavations. 1852 Bailey Festus (ed. 4) 342 Shining upon it like the quiet moon Illustrating the obscure unequal earth.

d. In character, condition, quality, etc. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. iv. 1. 12S9 With what unequal Tempers are we form’d? 1799 S. & Hr. Lee Canterb. T. (1800) III. 147 Her spirits were often unequal from the delicate state of her health. 1811 Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) II. xi. 364 The unknown author of a fine, but unequal poem, called Albania. 1897 Grant Duff Notes from Diary (1911) 81 No man writes above himself; but most men are very unequal.

t4. a. Not characterized by equal or fair treatment; inequitable, unjust, unfair. Obs. *535 CovERDALE Ezek. xviii. 25 Are my waves vnright, o ye house of Israel? Are not youre wayes rather vnequali? a 1578 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 66 His unequall punisching of innocencie. 1606 Shaks. Ant. & Cl. II. V. loi To punnish me for what you make me do Seemes much vnequali. 1620 E. Blount Horae Subs. 531 It is a thing both vnequali and vniust to insnare the people with multitude of Lawes. 1647 J. Taylor Lib. Proph. Ep. Ded. 12 Yet it will be unequall to say, that he who owns this Doctrine preaches it lawfull. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. I. x. 205 To lend [money] at exorbitant and unec^ual interest.

fb. Of persons; Acting, or disposed to act, unfairly or unjustly. Obs. 1588 Greene Pandosto (1607) 15 lealousie is an vnequali ludge. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone iii. ii, You are vnequali to me, and how ere Your sentence may be righteous, yet you are not. 1628 Feltham Resolves ii. xxiii. 75 Few againe are so iust, as that they seeme not to some vnequali. a 1721 Prior Ess. Opinion Wks. 1907 II. 195 You will find him always uncertain,.. an Unequal Parent and a froward Master. 1725 Pope Odyss. xiv. 73 Far hence is by unequal Gods remov’d That man of bounties! transf. 1613 PuRCHAS Pilgrimage (1614) 629 The sword, the vnequallest arbiter of equity, is now made vmpire. 1630 R. N. tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. 1. 111 She.. admonished her, .. saying that the times were vnequali and maligne, and malice blinde. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Odes ii. x. 4 And when you hear the tempest roar, Press not too near th’ unequal shore.

5. a. In which the two sides or parties are not on equal terms, or have not equal advantage. 1552 Elyot, Impar certamen, in contencion, or in gameyng, where is an vnequali matche. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, V. v. 34 A poore Earles daughter is vnequali oddes, And therefore may be broke without offence. 16^4 Bacon Apol. Wks. 1879 I. 437, I doubted his words would have so unequal a passage above theirs that should charge him. 1671 Milton Samson 346 Himself an Army, now unequal match To save himself against a coward arm’d At one spears length. 1748 Anson Voy. iii. x. 416 This was much short of her value, but the impatience of the Commodore.. prompted them to insist on so unequal a bargain. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla III. 390 She had entered the world, by a sudden and most unequal marriage. 1833 Ht. Martineau Cinnamon ^ Pearls v. 92 The colony will not long fulfil its part in this unequal bargain. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 11. XX. 205, I left my own tired dogs.., and took from them their only team in unequal exchange.

b. esp. (a) Of combats or contests. 1654 Fuller Two Serm. 4 The next verse presents an unequall combat between armed power., and naked Innocence. 1697 Dryden JEneis ix. 542 Or desperate should he rush and lose his life. With odds oppressed, in such unequal strife? C1750 Shenstone Ruin'd Abbey 56 My pinnace.. shuns Th’ unequal conflict, and declines the deep. 1817 Shelley Re\'. Islam vi. xiv, Then the combat grew Unequal but most horrible. 1878 Davidson Inverurie Garioch ix. 317 The struggle with England which ensued was necessarily an unequal one.

(^) Of treaties, etc. 1682 W. Evats tr. Grotius' Rights of War & Peace 11. xv. 184 Unequal leagues are often made, not only between the Conquerors and the Conquered .. but also between people of uneaual power. 1799 T. Rutherforth Inst. Nat. Law (ed. 3) II. ix. 595 Unequal compacts, which lay the greater burden on the inferior party, are either such as diminish the sovereign power., or such as do not diminish this power. 1814 A. C. Campbell tr. Grotius' Rights of War & Peace II. XV. 127 Unequal treaties may be made not only between the conquerors and the conquered, but also between mighty and impotent states, between whom no hostilities have ever existed. 1925 China Yearbk. 891 The ‘most favoured nation clause*.. is the basis of the intercourse between China and most foreign countries. The ‘most favoured nation clause’ is unilateral and is the ground for the recent agitation against ‘unequal treaties’. 1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) iv. 38 Under the unequal treaties foreign nationals had extraterritoriality rights which enabled them to reside and do business in C^hina while remaining accountable only to their own courts. 1973 I. M. Sinclair Vienna Contention on Law of Treaties iv. 108 The Afro-Asian majority were extremely reluctant to countenance any material departure from the texts proposed by the Commission, particularly if

unequivocally

5 it could be represented that the change was designed to keep in being^so-called ‘unequal’ treaties.

fc. Disproportionate, excessive. Obs. 1704 Swi^ Battle of Bks. If 10 Which, yielding to the unequal Weight, sunk down to the very Foundation. 1717 Pope Eloisa 195 Unequal task! a passion to resign, For hearts so touch’d,.. so lost as mine.

6. Comb., as unequal-lengthed, -lobed, -sided, -tempered, -valved. 1853 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour Iv, The *unequallengthed candles of the previous ni^t’s illumination. 1851 G. A. Mantell Petrifact. v. §2. 433 Two genera.. which are characterised by their •unequal-lobea tail. *725 W. Halfpenny Sound Building 19 An ‘unequal-sided Groin. 1856 Henslow Diet. Bot. Terms 208 Unequal-sided, when ^posite sides are not symmetrical. 1885 J. E. Taylor Brit. Fossils 243 The shells are frequently unequal-sided. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 169 Heavy ‘unequal tempered Stuff. 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 187 An irregular, adherent, ‘unequal-valved bivalve.

7. adv. or quasi-aJt;. 1602 Shaks. Ham. ii. ii. 493 (Qi), Vnequali matcht, Pirrhus at Priam driues. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 50 To cause the foundation.. to be.. laid, without leaving any toutchings, since walls new begun on them will settle more unequal than those [etc.]. 1700 S. Wesley Epist. Poetry 12 Of Chaucer’s Verse we scarce the Measures know. So rough the Lines, and so unequal flow. 1855 Markham Skoda's Auscult. 266 Unequal-bubbling dull rales.

un'equalable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love(1659) 129 Christ.., whose love to God is questionlesse Filial! and unequalable. 1799 Southey Lett. (1856) I. 87 Milton and Shakspeare,.. the two unequalable men. 1870 Carlyle New Letters II. 263 Our welcome continues to be unsurpassable, or indeed unequallable.

une'quality.

of hypocrisy. 1776 Ann. Reg. 148 Notwithstanding the unequalness of the wind .. he only missed the target three times. x88o Wood*s Guide Steam-Engine Indicator (title-p.). Geometrical Sketch, showing the Cause of Unequalness. t2. Lack of equity; unfairness. Obs. 1628 tr. Mathieu's Powerfull Favorite 126 The vapours of his wty-ward disposition, of his distrust and vnequalnesse. 1695 Def. Vind. Deprived Bps. 98 The very unequalness of it [rc. a contract] would be in Equity a strong Presumption.

une'questrian, a. (un-* 7.) 1846 H. NV. Torrens Rem. Milit. Hist. 21 A remarkable proof of the unequestrian habits of the Greek.

unequi'angular, a. (un-^ 7.) 1805 R. Jameson Char. Min. 41 These lateral edges are either equiangular as in the icosahedron,.. [or] unequiangular as in topaz.

unequi'axed, a. (un-^ 9, 5 b.) a 1853 Pereira Polarized Light (1854) 164 In a verv large proportion of cases the axes are not all equal, and these crystals are said to be unequiaxed. 1877 Le Conte Elem. Geol. (1879) 185 A plastic mass, with unequiaxed foreign particles disseminated through it.

unequi'lateraL a. (un-^ 7, 5 b.) 1662 J. Bargrave Pope Alex. F//(i867) 120, I have in my cabinet another triangular unequilateral.. loadstone. 1761 London & Environs IV. 145 Nineteen unequilateral arches .. supported the street above.

unequi'librated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [*775 Ash.] 1833 Herschel Ess. (1857) 50 The . .constant fluctuation of an unequilibrated ocean. 1895 W. H. Hudson Spencer's Philos. 97 Remaining exposed to surrounding forces that are unequilibrated.

[un-^ 12 and 5 b.] = inequality.

1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. M iv, Whan it is seen that it [sc. the pulse] alyeneth to vnequalyte.. the veyne ought to be stopped. 1587 Golding De Mornay ii. 20 When.. wee see an equalitie of good behauior in an vnequality of degrees of people. 1623 Cockeram ii, Vnequalitie, or contrary to a thing, anomalie. 1720 Temple's Ess., Govt. Wks. I. 106 The first must overturn whenever there happens any unequality [1680 inequality] in the Balance. 1770-4 A. Hunter's Georg. Ess. (1803) I. 289 Hence an unequality of the crop. 1930 (Baltimore) 21 June 1/3 Industry went into case records today to present to a Senate committee studying proposed changes in the Wagner Act fourteen specific points of ‘unequality’ in that statute as it stands. 1973 Nature 8 June p. vi/i The tools employed include linear programming and the calculus of variations, special attention being devoted to the use of Lagrangian multipliers for unequ^ity constraints.

un'equalized, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1596 Fitz-Geffrey Sir F. Drake (1881) 69 A vowed votarie to honour still, Vnequaliz’d by valours chiefest peeres. 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 69 The terminations of unequalized pentagons and hexagons. 1880 Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) §239 Its application is unequalized even within the four seas.

un'equalled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1622 Fletcher Sea Voy. iv. i, Do ye like wealth, and most unequal’d beauty? 1639 Sir W. Berkeley Lost Lady i. i, I will relate the story of his Unequal’d suffrings. 1667 Milton P.L. ix. 983 Chiefly assur’d..of thy so true, So faithful Love unequald. 1746 Francis tr. Hor., Sat. ii. ii. 38 No; ’tis th’ unequall’d beauty of its train Deludes your eye. 1794 R. J. SuLiVAN View Nat. I. 177 Why should there be .. such unequalled heats, and such unequalled evaporation? 1841 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life (1870) III. viii. 120 Our ancestors were rare architects. Their painted glass and their carved oak are unequalled. 1872 Yeats Te^n. Hist. Comm. 81 Buildings which are unequalled for grandeur.

b. Const, by. 1769 Goldsm. Hist. Rome (1786) II. 103 An act of unequalled heroism by anything that had hitherto appeared in Rome. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 19 A violence and noise unequalled by the loudest cataracts. 1829 Chapters Phys. Sci. 64 The battering-ram .. exerted a force which in some respects rendered it unequalled by our battering cannon. 1869 Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 124 A panorama., unequalled .. by any view in Greece.

un'equally, adv. [uN-* ii: cf. unequal a.] 1. In an unequal manner; not equally or evenly. 1548 Elyot, Inaequaliter, vnequally. 1563 Golding VII. (1565) 208b, The Romanes were vneq^uallye matched, both in place and number. 1611 Bible 2 Cor. vi. 14 Be ye not vnequally yoked together with vnbeleeuers. 1665 Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 417 All this Region is divided, though somewhat unequally, between wild Beasts, and these Savage men. 1726 Monro Anat. Bones 149 The square bone is unequally concave... Its.. Edge is unequally ragged. 1776 Gibbon Decl. & F. i. (1782) I. 23 That great peninsula [Spain], at present so unequally divided between two sovereigns. 1831 Brewster Optics iv. 40 Rule for finding the principal focus.. for a glass unequally convex. 1880 Geikie Phys. Geog. iv. 284 The rocks.. are worn down unequally. Cssar

t2. Unfairly, unjustly. Obs. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vii. vii. 14 Damning all Wrong.. Which any of thy creatures doe to other (Oppressing them with power, vnequally).

un'equalness. [un-^ 12: cf. unequal a.] 1. The quality of being unequal. 1550 Bale Image Both Ch. 11. xxi. NNNiijb, As for the vnequalnesse of length in y* furlongs & cubits [etc J. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer iv. (1577) T vijb, Bestowing promotions and honors according to the vnequalnesse of desertes. 1652 French Yorksh. Spa xiii. 102,1 forbid much variety of meats, because of the unequalness of their concoction. 1698 Atterbury Serm. (1737) IV. 308 This unequalness in acting.. will draw upon a man the suspicion

une'quipped, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1895 Hardy in Harper's Mag. Mar. 569 The miserable struggle in which he had been engaged thus unequipped.

un'equitable, a. (un-^ 7 and 5 b.) 1647 Digges Unlawf. Taking Arms iv. 99 Not all, but in an unequitable proportion. 1662 J. Bargrave Pope VII (1867) 82 For very fear of falling into the legate’s displeasure, who they knew was averse to such unequitable designs. 1726 Amherst Terras Fil. II. App. 169 It is almost as unjust and unequitable .. as it would be to act.. against any such authority. 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy ii. xvii, A cunning contexture of dark arts and unequitable subterfuges. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. Ixi. loi This would seem perhaps not unequitable.

Hence un'equitably adv. 1649 [F. Rous] Bounds Publ. Obed. 61 They being unequitably deriv’d upon us. 1750 Secker Eight Charges (1771) 126 Any Part of it, which is illegally or unequitably seized.

tun'equity. Obs. rare, [un-* i2 and sb.] a. Iniquity, wickedness, b. Unfairness. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 394 If it was vnequite .. for to leue pe prechynge of goddis worde,.. hou myche more vnequite and wronge to god & man is it [etc.]. 1382Rom. iii. 5 If oure wickidnesse, or vnequyte, comende the ri3twysnesse of God. 1598 Florio, Inequitd, vnequitie.

un'equivalve(d), a. (un-‘ 7, 9, and 5 b.) 1788 J. Barbut Genera Vermium 42 The shell unequivalve, of a hard consistency. 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 179 A regular unequivalved, inequilateral bivalve.

une'quivocable, a. [irreg. f. unequivoc(al a. + -ABLE.] Capable of only one interpretation; unambiguous. 1921 Glasgow Herald 30 Dec. 7/3 Yesterday 12 public bodies representative of the four provinces recorded in unequivocable language their conviction that the Treaty should be accepted. 1974 Nature 8 Feb. 2971^ Thereby providing unequivocable evidence for the former unity of the southern continents.

So une'quivocably adv. 1917 W. J. Locke Red Planet xix. 234, I knew that for his own sake he would have unequivocably declined. 1980 Daily Tel. 6 Sept. 9/6 In 1980 Gdansk is unequivocably Polish.

une'quivocal, a. (un-* 7 and 5 b.) In common use from about 1795. 1784 CowPER Task V. 653 In the deed. The unequivocal authentic deed, We find sound argument. 1791 Newte Tour Eng. ^ Scot. 236 In the Highlands.. men of years., are struck with the most unequivocal proofs of depopulation. 1838 Thirlwall Greece xlii. V. 213 He..aided him in several acts of unequivocal hostility against his country. 1858 Sears Athan. iii. v. 294 This, .is here asserted by the Apostle in most unequivocal language. 1871 Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue 340 An adjectival form which should be unequivocal.

Hence une'quivocalness. 1846 Worcester (citing Godwin). 1873 G. H. Lewes Gf Mind (Ser. i) I. 58 The chief distinction between his [rc. the geometer’s] probabilities and those of the physicist or biologist, lies in the greater simplicity or unequivocalness of his terms. Probl. Life

une'quivocally, adt;. (un-' ii.) 1794 Paley Evid. I. vii, The descent of Christ from David, .. his resurrection,.. are unequivocally referred to. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. III. 26, I hope, .to receive a line from you, unec^uivocally to contradict it. 1844 Thirlwall Greece Ixvi. VIII. 467 Still the good-will of the early emperors was unequivocally manifested. 1884 Earl Selborne in Law Times Rep. 10 May 313/2 Such an intention.. might have been expected to be made unequivocally clear.

une'radicable, a. (un-' 7 b and 5 b.) 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxvi, This uneradicable taint of sin. This boundless upas.

Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 2) §239 Here is a distinction which is unerringly observed by the most rustic people.

un'erringness. (un-* 12.)

[1828-32 Webster.] i86i J. G. Sheppard Fall Rome vi. 323 The uneradicated influences of heathen taste. 1871 Alabaster Wheel of Law 41 The believers in it., will still have their souls contaminated with uneradicated evil.

1670 Vaughan Rep. (1677) 139 If any man thinks that a person ,, must submit in all, or any of these, to the implyed discretion and unerringness of his Judge. 1866 Meredith Vittorio vii. The result corroborated his devotional belief in the unerringness of his own powerful intuition.

une'ras(e)able, a. (un-‘ yb and 5 b.)

une'rupted,/>/>/. a. (un-* 8.)

une'radicated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1826 Mrs. Shelley Last Man II. 156 Now in words uneraseable .. the knowledge went forth. 1853 G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 233 The coloured uneraseable stain cries out for yet unavenged blood.

[1775 Ash.] 1802 Playfair Illustr. Hutton. Th. 69 A subterraneous or unerupted lava. 1833 Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 107 These unerupted newer Pliocene lavas of Sicily.

une'rased, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

1614 Donne Lett. (1651) 197 In this particular, I am under an unescapable necessity, as [etc.]. C1625-Serm. Wks. 1839 VI. 70 She exposes herself to an imminent and (for any thing she knew) an unescapable danger of death. 1832 L. Hunt Redt's Bacchus in Tuscany 135 Gall of the satiric poet, Gall from out his blackest well, Shuddering, unescapeable. 1886 W. Graham Soc. Problem 243 A power more subtle and all-compelling and unescapable than that of the sword.

1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 65, I discerned some unerased traces of the image .. of my God. 1821 Byron Two Foscari i. i> Lor. It is written thus. Bar. And will you leave it unerased?

une'rasible, a. (un-* 7.) 1811 Shelley St. Irvynei, Grief, in unerasible traces, sate deeply implanted on the front of the outcast.

une'rasing, ppl. a. (un-* 10.) 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. iii. iii. 160 Where ever lies, on unerasing waves, The image of a temple built, above.

t unerra'bility. (un-* 12 and 5 b; cf. next.) 1628 Prynne Brief Survay 14 Hee doeth .. likewise apply this Popish Position.. euen to iustifie the vnerrabilitie of these his Deuotions.

t un'errable, a. INERRABLE a.

Ob&.

[un-* 7 b and 5 b.]

=

1616 Sheldon Mirac. Antichrist vii. 142 This puddle of Pope loane, whereout the ignominy of your vnerrable See is so liuely discouered. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. xviii. 67 The ancient Types.. already made use of by his choice who was unerrable. 1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. Pref. 12 Those sole unerrable Records of the Holy Scriptures. 1984 New Yorker 12 Mar. 39/1 A submachine gun blasts at him from unerrable range.

Hence f un'errableness.

UNETHICAL

6

UNERADIGABLE

Obs.

1645 Hammond View Infallibility (1646) 186 Concluding the truth of all their assertions from the unerrablenesse of the asserter. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety xvi. ff 3 The danger of presuming upon the unerrableness of a guide.

un'errancy. (un-* 12 and 5 b.)

une'scapable, a. (un-* 7 b and 5 b.)

Hence une'seapabieness; -ably adv. 1610 Donne Pseudo-martyr 353 With how much curiositie and unescapablenesse their formes of Abiuration vnder oath are exhibited? 1882 Gd. Words Apr. 174 With a certain twinkle at the back of his eye,.. full, unescapably full of fun.

unes'chewable, a. (un-* 7b and sb.) C1374 Chaucer Boeth. v. pr. i. (1868) 151 )7ilke ordre procedynge by an vneschewable byndynge to-gidre. 1513 Douglas ^Eneid xi. xiv. 102 He..schuke in hand hys oneschewabill speir. 1542 in Harl. Misc. (1745) IV. 509/2 Ther came a sodeyi»e and piteous Calamyte or Miserye vneuitable or uneschuable. 1602 Carew Cornwall 124 b, If an vneschewable destiny had not haltered him to that aduancement. 1870 W. H. Gillespie Being & Attributes God (1871) IV. ii. 149 Our dread but uneschewable topic.

Hence unes'chewably adv. ti374 Chaucer Boeth. v. pr. iii. (1868) 157 Yif pat he deme )>at pei ben to comen vneschewably.

une'seorted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1774 Trinket 45 The chits knew I must attend them, for it was not safe to go unescorted. 1805-6 Cary Dante, Inf. viii. 127 Passing the circles, unescorted, comes One. 1898 Rider Haggard Dr. Theme i. 13 Now, quite alone and unescorted, she was on her way to Mexico City.

1646 J. Hall Horse Vac. 7 Hee takes the best course.. that narrowly heeds upon what principles both parties build .., so long as no man can challenge an unerrancy. 1891 F. G. Lee Sinless Concept. 66 Unerrancy belonged alone to the Church Universal.

une'scutcheoned, a. (un-* 9.)

un'erring, vhl. sb. (un-* 13.)

C1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 1457 It is ful hard to halten vn-espied Byfore a crepul for he kan on )?€ craft. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 81 No faulte of the bodye maye escape vnespied. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. x. ii He..in the couert of the wood did byde, Beholding all, yet of them vnespyde. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xix. 67 He got up close to this Junk, and.. boarded her on a sudden unespied. 1697 Dryden JEneis ix. 786 The second shaft came swift and une^ied, And pierced his hand. 1742-3 Observ. Methodists 8 Of all other Religions every man enjoys the free Exercise.. unquestioned and unespied. 1831 Scott Ct. Rob. xxvi, Nothing, however, in a palace, passes alt^ether unespied. 1842 Browning Through the Metidja ii, Through the desert.. Do I glide unespied as I ride?

1709 Strype Ann. Ref. 247 He was in Judgment for the unerring of General Councils.

un'erring,/)/)/. a. [un-* io and 5 b.]

1. Making no error or mistake; not going or leading astray in judgement or opinion. C1660 South Serm. (1697) I. 254 They believed his Miracles upon the Credit of constant unerring Tradition. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 565 With sure Foresight, and with unerring Doom, He sees what is, and was, and is to come. 1732 Challoner (title), The Unerring Authority of the Catholic Church in matters of Faith. 1795 Southey Joan of Arc iv. 324, I know this vision sent From Heaven, and feel of its unerring truth. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 565 The unerring principles of political economy. 1875 JowETT Plato (ed. 2) I. 32 The unerring guides of ourselves and of those who were under us. absol. 1813 Coleridge Remorse iii. ii. 36,1 breath’d to the Unerring Permitted prayers.

2. Corresponding with the utmost exactness or closeness to some standard or aim. 1665 Glanvill Def. Van. Dogm. 39 The unerring exactness we find in Animal formations. 1684 J. S. Profit Pleas. United 166 Therefore I thought fit to lay down such Unerring Rules, as [etc.]. 1710 Prior Examiner 7 Sept., The Works of learned Men are weighed here by the unerring Ballance of Party. 1775 Tyrwhitt Chaucer's Cant. T. IV. 91 An operation, which every Ballad-monger in our days.. is known to perform with the most unerring exactness. 1819 Scott Leg. Montrose xiv, The Son of the Mist again led the way, with an unerring precision. 1861 Buckle Civiliz. (1873) II. viii. 434 We may trace with unerring certainty the steps [etc.]. 3. Not going astray from the intended mark;

certain, sure: a. Of missiles or other weapons. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xii. (1626) 240 With that, th’ vnerring dart.. [he] flung. 1712 Spect. No. 527 IP3 Procris.. made her Husband., a Present of an unerring Javelin. ^1743 Francis tr. Hor., Sec. Poem 12 Goddess, whose unerring dart Stops the lynx, or flying hart.

b. Of aim, agents or agencies, etc. 1697 Dryden JEneis xii. 712 One dart he drew. And with unerring aim, and utmost vigour, threw. C1709 Prior 2nd Hymn Callimachus 127 Thy unerring Hand elanc’d Another, and another Dart. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Odes v. V. 9 By the unerring wrath of Jove, Unerring shall his vengeance prove. 1801 Scott Glenfinlas ii. How matchless was thy broad claymore. How deadly thine unerring bow! 1849 Eastwick Dry Leaves 46 He was considered an unerring shot. 1855 Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 112 Occasionally striking with unerring aim at its prey.

un'erringly, adv. (un-* ii; cf. prec.) 1645 Tombes Anthropol. 15 A power to interpret Scriptures unerringly. 1746 Hervey Reflect. Flower Gard. 76 Know, that God is unerringly wise, a 1774 Tucker Lt. NaL (1834) II. 399 It does imply an exact discernment.., so as to distinguish unerringly what lies within its compass, and what does not. 1826 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 104/2 They first learn it practically and unerringly. 1873 Earle

1814 Wordsw. Excurs. vi. 412 Their bones... With unescutcheoned privacy interred Far from the family vault.

une'spied, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

une'ssayed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1642 in Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. §266 They cannot leave any means unessayed for their relief. 1686 Jas. II Sp. Edin. 29 Apr. in Lond. Gaz. No. 2135/3 [He] will leave nothing unessayed that may promote a work so beneficial. 1742 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. IV. 601 The French, who will leave no methods unessay’d to corrupt their fidelity. 1778 Miss Burney Evelina Ixxiv, Remains there one resource unessayed? 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 299 Lest aught there had been or of crime, or craft. Unhazarded or unessayed.

un'essence, v. [un-^ 4.] trans. To deprive of essence or essential properties. 1642 T. Case God's (1644) 8 The Enemies of Gods truth and people would .. not un-scepter him only, but un¬ essence him. 1659 Revett in Lovelace Poems (1904) 212 While we sustain the losse that thou art gone Vn-essenc’d in the separation. 1822 Lamb Elia 1. Distant Correspondents, Not only does truth, in these long intervals, unessence herself, but [etc.].

une'ssential, a. and sb. [uN-* 7 and 5 b.] 1. Possessing no essence or substance; immaterial. 1667 Milton P.L. 11. 439 The void profound Of unessential Night receives him next. 1727 Thomson Summer 81 Prime Chearer, Light!.. Without whose vesting Beauty, all were wrapt In unessential Gloom. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 666 Ask me by what authority of history I prove that Regulus had any notion of..the unessential nature of justice. 1827 Pollok Course T. iii. 412 Most unsubstantial, unessential shade, Was earthly Fame. 2. Not pertaining to or affecting the essence of

a matter; unimportant. 01656 Bp. Hall Beauty & Vnitie Ch. Wks. 1837 V. 245 Neither diflference of time, nor distance of place,.. nor any unessential error, can bar our interest in this Blessed Unity. 1716 Addison Freeholder No. 39 jp5 Those, who differed from him in the unessential Parts of Christianity. 1748 Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett. (1763) 169 So far is he from thinking it unessential, that he acknowledged it as the only separation which distinguishes them from prose. 1838 Arnold Hist. (1845) I. 166 A form .. as unessential as the crowd’s acceptance of the king at an English coronation. 1873 M. Arnold Lit. ^ Dogma (1876) 166 This excludes as unessential much of the criticism which [etc.],

b. absol.

That which is not essential.

1840 Carlyle Heroes iv. (1904) 139 He distinguishes what is essential, and what is not; the unessential may go vei^ much as it will. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. iii. §33. 120 Who is to determine.. the limit of the Unessential?

3. sb. An unessential thing or feature. 1828-32 Webster s.v., Forms are among the unessentials of religion. 1876 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. 444/2 Unessentials, notes not forming a necessary part of the harmony. Passing, auxiliary, or ornamental notes. 1882 Nature XXVI. 523 A general conception .. is arrived at by abstracting the essentials and neglecting the unessentials.

Hence une'ssentially adv. [1847 Webster.] 1856 Olmsted Slave States 182 With a climate so unessentially dissimiliar.

une'stablish, v. [un-* 3.] To disestablish. 1649 Milton Eikon. xxvii. 215 In order to which the Parlament demanded of the King to un-establish that Prelatical Government. 1834 W. P. Wood Let. in Stephens Hook (1878) 1. 261 Where we find a Church established we ought not to lend any assistance towards unestablishing.

ime'stablished, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not established or firmly settled. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 227 [A conclusion] clapt up from petitionary foundations and principles un¬ established. 1744 Young Nt. Th. vi. Pref., This great fundamental truth, unestablish’d, or unawaken’d in the minds of men. 1776 Mickle Camoens' Lusiad Introd. 154 A work which claims poetical merit, while its reputation is unestablished. 1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma xi. §3. 346 A notion unestablished, not resting on observation and experience.

2. spec. a. Of churches or religious bodies: (see ESTABLISH V. 7). 1885 Abp. Benson in Life (1899) II. 496 The difference of court made no difference to the union even of an established Church, and how can it.. do so for an unestablished Church? 1887 Pall Mall G. 4 Oct. i/i Her communion embraces Churches established, unestablished, and disestablished.

b. Of employees or employment: Not included in the regular staff or establishment. 1890 Pall Mall G. 7 July 5/2 Sanction.. to.. increase the minimum wage to postmen (including unestablished men). 1894 Daily News 15 Sept. 6/3 Within the same time ‘unestablished situations^.. have been given to i,iio soldiers.

une'stablishment. (un-* 12.) 1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleas. (1777) 1. 182 Shall I once again confess to you.. my unestablishment in the maxims of thy Preceptor?

une'steemed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) CI550 Cheke Matt. xiii. 57 Theer is not a propheet.. vnesteemed but in his own contree. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. 18 The Hebrue tong lay not onely vnestemed, but almost vnknowen. 1616 Drumm. of Hawth. Madrigals, Rose, O Show of Showes! of vnesteemed Worth. 1852 Bailey Festus (ed. 4) 473 In thy voice The warning and foreknowledge unexplained. Not unesteemed. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. ii. xii. I. 167 An unesteemed creature, who strove to make his time peaceable in this world.

t un'estimable, a. Obs. [un-* 7 b and 5 b.] 1. = INESTIMABLE a. I. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 172 marg., A learned kyng [is] an vnestimable treasure. 1548 -Erasm. Par. Luke xxiv. 188 b, Beyng enkiendled with the vnestimable fyer of charytee & loue towardes mankynd. 1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades 210/1 Some by warre haue.. vnestimable riches with verie little losse or no dammage at all. 1628 tr. Mathieu's Powerfull Favorite 102 Here ^1 the world laments the vnestimable losse of the bookes of Cornelius Tacitus. 2. = INESTIMABLE a. 3. 1654-66 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 694 There can hardly be a higher evincement how unestimable most Worldly things deserve to be. a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams I. (1692) 41 None are so unestimable.. as those ficklefancy’d men, whose friendships will hold no longer then Pliny’s peaches.

une'stranged, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [177s Ash.] 01851 Moir Poems, Highl. Return viii, Four years had lapsed in absence,.. but his heart was unestranged.

tun'ete, a. Obs. [OE. *umete (cf. micel-, oferxte), f. pret. stem of etan to eat.] Without eating. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 405 The men may dure longe vnete. And loue^> wel comune mete.

une'ternal, a. (un-* 7.) [1775 Ash.] 1862 F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 254 That which exists, and is destroyed at a given time, is.. unetemal and perishable.

uneth(e, -ethes: see uneath(s adv. une'therial, a. (un-* 7.) [1775 Ash.] 1847 Bushnell Chr. Nurt. ii. iii. (1861) 283 This unetherial and undiffusive kind of bliss.

un'ethic, a. [un-* 7.] = next. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. I. 370 An imagination so little in keeping with his unethic nature jars upon the reader’s mind.

un'ethical, a. (un-* 7.) 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. II. 94 The savage, unethical doctrine of continuance. 1879 Spencer Data of Ethics xi. §68. 187 Ethics has to recognize the truth, recognized in unethical thought, that egoism comes before altruism. 1882 Pall Mai G. IS July 4/2 The intermingling of so unethical a people with .. societies of European blood.

Hence un'ethicalness.

UNfiTICE

7

1886 W. S. Lilly in Form. Rev. 591 How can we predicate ethicalness or unethicalness of a thing?

Unftice (u:'njEti:tsi:). The Czech original of Aunjetitz. Hence C'n^'tician a. 1947 V. G. Childe Dawn Europ. Civilization (ed. 4) vii. tzi In the classical phase of Lnotice.. these [pots] are transformed by flattening out the belly into keeled mugs. Ibid, {caption) Marschwitz and early Un^tice pottery. Ibid. X. 194 Imitations of Un^tician pins and Un^tician gold ornaments.. show that the fourth period of the Northern Stone Age did not even begin till the Early Bronze Age was well established in Central Europe. 1977 G. Clark World Prehist. (ed. 3) iv. 176 On straight radio-carbon dating the Un^tice bronze industry of Czechoslovakia and adjacent parts of Germany was active by the nineteenth century B.C. Ibid.^iSo Wealth is indicated in outstanding burials such as the Unftician one of Leubingen.

uneu'phonious, a. (un-‘ 7.) 1880 Burton Reign Q. Anne I. i. 36 The uneuphonious name of Godolphin has been traced..to certain words of Celtic origin.

Hence uneu'phoniously adv. 1882

Sf 4) 261/1 On the N. bank of the most uneuphoniously named Puddle or Piddle, from which unhappily the string of villages along its banks take their names. 1939 J. Squire Water-Music ii. ^8 The mother bird (if she indeed it was) by this time screaming uneuphoniously around my head. Murray's Somersetshire (ed.

Ilandbk.

Wiltshire,

Dorsetshire

un-Euro'pean, a. (un-‘ 7.) 1846 R. Ford Gatherings from Spain xv. 175 A Spanish gentleman .. suspects .. that you are .. considering his country as Roman, African, or in a word, as un-European. 1849 Eastwick Dry Leaves 81 The un-European officers might..take the lead. 1870 Kingsley At Last x, Around were.. all appliances of European taste, even luxury: but in a house utterly un-European.

une'vacuated. ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) x6i2 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 201 Some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in right-gut yet unevacuated.

une'vadable, a. Also -evadeable, -evadible. (UN-' 7 b, 7, and 5 b.) 1839 De Quincey Casuistry Wks. 1862 VII. 272 The., downright unevadable pressures of realities. 1857 Toulmin Smith Parish 367 Efficient action on this matter was formerly unevadible. 1869 Rossetti Mem. Shelley p. liv, [A] deadly, and, at last, unevadeable discovery.

uneva'nescent, a. (un-^ 7.) 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) I. 597 Signs of an unevanescent and imperishable nature.

unevan'gelic, a. [UN-^ 7.] = next. 1857 Baden Powell Chr. without Judaism 219 Engrafting on it an unevangelic formalism most alien from its spirit.

unevan'gelical, a. (un-^ 7.) 1648 Eikon Bas. xii. 103 Which.. un-evangelicall Zeal is too like that of the rebuked Disciples. i66i Prynne Unbish. Tim. (ed. 3) 81 An unevangelical, malignant, or Romish Spirit. 1710 T. Godwin Life Bp. Stillin^eet 28 Their un¬ evangelical and destructive doctrines. 1842 Manning Serm. xvii. (1848) I. 249 They are looked upon as carnal, legal, unevangelical rites. 1881 W. R. Smith Old Test, in Jew. Ch. i. 7 This point of view is.. unprotestant, unevangelical.

une'vangelized, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1813-5 Proc. Ch. Miss. Soc. IV. 519 If the Heathen, un-evangelized, be considered as objects of salvation. 1884 J. Parker Apost. Life II. 135 The Church.. would see every unevangelised country.. typified in this Macedonian man.

une'vaporate, pp/. a. (uN-' 8 b.) 1864 Lowell Fireside Trav. 174 Faith and Awe survive there unevaporate.

une'vaporated, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1829 Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Militia (1830) 6 Hostility from the small, still unevaporated, remnant of the savage race. 1890 Nature 11 Sept. 481 /z The natural salts.. with which the unevaporated residue of water becomes saturated.

un'even, a. [OE. unefen (f. un- un-^ 7 + efen EVEN fl.), = OFris. oniovn (WFris. o«-, uneveriy NFris. uneven^ -iveri)., MDu. and Du. oneven, -effen, MLG. uneven, OHG. uneban (MHG. and G. uneben), ON. and Icel. u-, djafn (Norw. ujamn, Sw. ojemn. Da. ujevn).] 1. a. Unequal; not properly corresponding or agreeing. Now rare. e weyes beop vn-euene, Wi)> wepynde stefne To helle he schulle j>enne. 1565 Cooper s.v. Inaequabtlis, An open place beyng high and low, or vneuen. X577 Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. i. 42 b, Beastes and Poultry.. with tramplyng and skraping wyll make it rugged and uneven. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, ii. ii. 26 Eight yards of vneuen ground, is threescore & ten miles afoot with me. 16x8 J. Taylor (Water P.) Penniless Pilgr. E4, The way so vneuen, stonie, and full of bogges. 1653 W. Ramesey Astrol. Restored 91 Aquaries [governs] Hilly and uneven places. X746 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 440 As we march’d, all the way up hill, and over very uneven Ground, our men were greatly Blown. X774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 290 In it [jc. the sea-bottom] we find the same uneven surface that we do upon land. x8s8 Hawthorne Fr. S? It. Note-bks. (1871) II. 199 On the verge and within the crater of an extinct volcano, and therefore .. as uneven as the sea in a tempest. fig. X592 Shaks. Rom. & Jul. iv. i. 5 Vneuen is the course, I like it not. a 1596 Sir T. More iv. v. 4 You see the floore of greatnesse is uneuen. c 1275

b. In general use. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iv. iii. (1495) evjb/i The Viter partyes ben vneuyn wyth holownes sonke and had partes areryd. X590 Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 48 For one of them was like an Eagles claw,.. The other like a Beares vneuen paw. X599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 162 The sorting together of Wools of seueral natures,.. which causeth cloth to cockle and be uneven. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xvii. Ip2 [He] cuts out what may remain in the bottom of the Shanck by reason of the un-even breaking. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 140 Its Bark is somewhat rugged and uneaven. X798 S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. II. 431 The uneven writing.. proved that it was sent while the young man was still fiuctuating between life and death. 18x0 Crabbe Borough xxii. 178 The sun-burnt tar.. And bank-side stakes in their uneven ranks. 1855 Poultry Chron. III. 522/1 The upper part of the cell.. being more convex; therefore, the comb is very uneven. absol. 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 157 Fracture, fine or coarse splintery, which sometimes pass into the uneven of a fine grain.

c. transf. and fig. sounds, style, etc.).

(of immaterial

things,

OE. unefn, unemn, occurs in similar uses. (0) 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 1. i. 50 Farre more vneuen and vnwelcome Newes Came from the North. X603-Meas. for M. IV. iv. 3 In most vneuen and distracted manner, his actions show much like to madnesse. 1649 Lovelace Poems (1864) 114 Where is ajoy uneven. There never, never can be Heav’n. 17x9 De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 159 Such is the uneven State of human Life. 1763 Scrafton Indostan iii. (1770) 76 The uneven temper of the Soubah could never long retain its disguise. x886 J. J. H. Burgess Shetland Sketches, etc. i. 48 He., went away down to the house, feeling very sorrowful, and mad, and altogether uneven. (b) x6o8 VVillet Hexapla Exod. 50 The horses euill and vneuen going proceedeth of his owne lamenes. (c) x6^ Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. iii. ix. 150 Not only with cold Air, but with any other uneven noise, passing through their Mouth into their Ears. 1731 Pope Ep. Burlington 143 Light quirks of Music, broken and uneven. x8xx W. R. Spencer Poems Ded., His strain is weak, his voice uneven. (d) X763J. Brown Poefry Mu«Vvi. iii Homer is equal, large, flowing, and harmonious; Eschylus is uneven, concise, abrupt, and rugged. {e) 1905 R. Brooke Let. 25 Mar. (1968) 19 It’s not a bad number [of a magazine], a bit uneven of course; but then you can’t expect the other men to ascend to my level. 1974 Country Life 7 P'eb. 240/2 Almost no one was more uneven, as it is politely called, than G. F. W’atts.

5. Comb., as uneven^carriaged, -numbered, -roofed; uneven-aged a., (of a group of trees) containing individuals of different ages. 1670 Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 342 A rotten heart, is a very unevcn-carriaged heart. x^2 Contemp. Rev. .Aug. 234 The 16 alternate or uneven-numbered sections in all townships. 1887 Hissey Holiday on Road \. 3 Weather-stained out¬ buildings, lichen-laden and uneven-roofed. 1905 Terms Forestry ^ Logging (U.S. Dept. Agric. Bureau Forestry) 14 Forests in which the trees differ considerably in age., uneven-awd forest. 1953 H. L. Edlin Forester's Handbk. vii. 105 Woodlands may .. be .. uneven-aged, with trees of various ages and therefore differing sizes.

un'even, adv. [OE. unefne (f. un- UN-^ 11 b + efne even adv.), = MDu. onevene, -effene (obs. Du. oneven), OS. unefno, MLG. unevene, -even, MHG. unebene, -eben.] = unevenly adv. c xooo Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) cxl. 9 Swa unefne is eorl>e J>icce. CX275 in O.E. Misc. 86/1 Weole, l>u art awaried l?ing, vneuene constu dele. 0x300 Cursor M. 24178 I>ou..folus

j>am ^»at ^>e wald fle. And luues all l>at letthes )?e, >>i8 part vneuen es delt. X390 Gower Conf. I. 9 So stant the pes unevene parted. X500-20 Dunbar Poems Ixxxi. 96 The ballance gois vnevin.

un'even, V. [uN-*6a.] To make uneven. C1440 Pallad. On Husb. x. 100 For eny thyng no bcest vppon hit trede; Vneven hit they wolde, hit is to drede.

fun'evenly, a. Obs. [un-^ 7: cf. OE. unefenlic various, diverse.] 1. Incomparable. 0x225 Ancr. R. 410 peo blisse pel he jerkeO ham.. is unefenlich to alle worldes blissen.

2. Unequal; ill-matched. rx425 Eng. Conq. Irel. 30 Reymond & hys men—thogh they fewe wer, they wer nat feynt—with vneuenly host wenten out & assembled wyth ham. 1513 Douglas JEneid XII. iv. 147 This ilk bargane Semyng..To be ane rycht onevynly [v.r. vneuinly] interprys.

3. Uneven; not level. X683 J. Reid Scots Gard'ner i. iii. 11 Though the ground be unevenly, yet you must hold the chain level.

un'evealy, adv. [un-‘ ii.] 11. Unfairly, unjustly. Obs. X382 Wyclif Gen. xvi. 5 And Saray seide to Abram, Vneuenlie thow dost a3ens me. C1400 Apol. Loll. 74 Scho may sey l>at Sara seid to Abraam, )>u dost vneuenly a3ens me.

2. In an uneven or unequal manner; not regularly, uniformly, or smoothly. *398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xvi. (1495) 143 b, Though it seme somtyme l>at he meue vneuenly, swyfter other slower in comparison to other thynges. X4X2-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 2242 And )?us sche stood in a lupardye Of Loue and Schame, in maner of a traunce, Vn-euenly hanged in balaunce. 1557 Recorde Whetst. iijb, Euen nombers vneuenly, are suche nombers as maie bee diuided into 2 equalle partes, whiche are odde numbers. X570 Billingsley Euclid ii. Introd. 60 In this booke are set forth the powers of lines, deuided euenly and vneuenly. X638 Rawley tr. Bacon's Life ^ Death (1650) 60 The same Abundance unevenly placed, is in like manner hurtfull. x668 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xxxiv. (1713) 77 To harbour such unconceivable Notions, that lie so unevenly in every Man’s Mind but your own. X704 Diet. Rust. s.v. Waggons, Therefore the lesser the Wheel is, the heavier and more unevenly and jogging they go. X839 De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall, etc. xi. 318 An opening between the unevenlyfractured surfaces of a fissure. 1879 R. K. Douglas Confucianism iv. 95 A chair which.. stands unevenly on its feet, is useless as a support.

fS. Not in equal proportion. Obs.~' xii. 234 Oyldreggis watertemprid euenly.. Or old vryne admyxt vneuenly With water partis too. c 1440 Pallad. on Husb.

un'evenness. [f. uneven a.] 1. Inequality, discrepancy, difference. 1398 Trevisa Barth, de P.R. ix. iii. (Tollem. MS.), Solstitium is moste uneuennesse of day and ny3te. X622 Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 487 Hee findeth twentie two.. peeces or thereabouts, because of the vneuennesse of the sheyre. 1659 Gentl. Calling (1660) 18 The great unevenness that is..between Gentlemen and their Inferiors. X884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 44 The subsequent various unevenness of height.. arises through the growth of the cells.

2. The quality or fact of being uneven in form. 1398

Trevisa

Barth.

De

P.R.

iv.

iii.

(1495)

evjb/i

Roughnesse is not elles but an vneuynnesse in an harde thynge. Ibid. iv. eviij/2 Contrary humours werke contraryousnes and vneuynnesse with roughnes in the vtlcr parte of the body. X560 Whitehorne Arte Warre (1588) 49 b, Also the vneuennesse of the ground saueth them, for that euery litle hillocke, or high place,.. letteth the shotte thereof. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 115 His cheekebones would be euen and small, for., the vneuennes of the Cheekes will make him headstrong. X634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 51 Hils of stupendious height and vneuennesse to ascend. 0x688 Cudworth Immut. Mor. (1731) 200 We plainly observe much.. Unevenness and Inequality in the Lines, and Bluntness in the Angles. 1772 Ann. Reg., Nat. Hist. 82/2 Which extreme agitation and whirling, I presume, must be owing to the unevenness of the rocky bottom. X853 Markham Skoda's Auscult. 3 The finger must be always used whenever, through unevenness of the surface, the pleximeter cannot be well applied. x88o Blackw. Mag. Feb. 243/1 The painful unevenness of the principal roadways.

b. An instance of this; an inequality; a rough or rugged part, place, or feature. 1597 A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. lab/z If there remayne anye small splinter thereone, or other vnevennes. X664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 297 To phansy one and the same

UNEVENTFUL

8

Hill for some little unevennesses in it to be more then one. 1680 Tides (MS. Bodl. Add. A. 202) fol. 3 In deep Rivers the surface conceales these unevenesses. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Filing, The .. Kile .. serves to take off the Unevennesses of the Work, left by the Hammer, in Forging. 1753 Phil. Trans. XLVHI. 88 An horizontal thin edge, which scooped up and carried off the little unevennesses of the turfy ground. 1849 Eastwick Dry Leaves 140 There was not the slightest jag or unevenness-- a tolerable proof of the sharpness of the sword,

13. Unfairness, injustice. Obs. a 1470 H. Parker Dives fef Pauper (W. de W. 1496) 293/1 Goodes of this worlde ben called rychesses of uneuenesse and of wyckednesse.

une'ventful, a. (un-' 7.) 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. I. 7 There is little to keep up its energy in the uneventful tenour of domestic life. 1862 Gifts & Graces xxv. 249 There is little to tell, for their uneventful lives are gliding on as usual. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 167 We have said enough to show that its story has not been uneventful.

Hence une'ventfully adv., -fulness. 1865 Cornh. Mag. Apr. 405 The two next days passed quietly and uneventfully. 1872 Howells Wedding Journ. (1892) 192 They rattled uneventfully down .. by rail. 1878 Grosart H. More's Poems Introd. p. ix, The uneventfulness outwardly of the ‘Life’ accounts for the few facts given.

t un'evesed,/)/)/. a. Obs. (un-* 8.) (MS.

Harl.

2257),

Intonsus,

un'evidence. rare~K (un-* 12.) 01676 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. i. (1677) 10 So full of unevidence and uncertainty, so full of precarious and imaginary Postulata.

un'evidenced, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1842 G. S. Faber Prov. Lett. (1844) II. 53 The unevidenced Popish Innovations advocated by my two opponents. 1892 J. Tait Mind in Matter 234 The impression [made] on the illiterate mind by the unevidenced assertion of miracles.

un'evident, a. (un-* 7 and 5 b.) C1400 Apol. Loll. 9 As l?is consonaunt is vnknowen to pe japer, so pis fendly marchaundy is vneuident to pe fei)?ful peple knowend I?is. 1570 Levins Manip. 69 Vneuident, ineuidens. 1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 165 The actual! faith hee cals a firme and certaine, but vneuident assent. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxv. 134 Rash and unevident Inferences. 01670 Hacket Abp. Williams i. (1692) 197 We conjecture at unevident things by that which is evident.

1826 G. S. Faber Diffic. Romanism (1853) 117 Arbitrary exertion of more unevidential dogmatic authority.

Obs.

[un-* 7 b and 5 b.]

=

*539 Elyot Cast. Helthe 59 They receyue in medicine that, whiche shall ingender.. vneuitable destruction vnto al the body. 1594 J. King Funeral Serm. (1599) 677 Let his dead.. corpse adde one more [instruction] vnto you of common & vnevitable mortalitie. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. VI. (1626) I r 3 His haste th’vneuitable bowe o’re-took. And through his throte the deadly arrow strook. 1656 W. Montague Accompl. Worn. 59 We have put on black, because mourning is unevitable, since we must needs bewaile our husbands. 1711 W. King Heathen Gods & Heroesxiii. 38 [Pluto] bound them with unevitable Chains.

So fun'evitably adv.y inevitably.

Obs.

1623 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 142 Seeing we., cannot but foresee and fear lest the like may.. unevitably bring such peril to your Majesties Kingdoms.

t un'evitated, p/>/. a. Obs. (un-* 8.) 1621 G. Sandys Ovids Met. xii. (1626) 240 With that, th’vnerring dart at Cycnus [he] flung. Th’vneuitated on his shoulder rung.

uneVolved, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1831 Landor Wks. (1846) II. 633, I held down a branch And gathered her some blossoms... So crisp were some, they rattled unevolved. 1884 Congregational Year Bk. 93 Nature.. holds in her bosom, unsolved and unevolved, the problems and the germs of all the philosophies.

une'xact, a. [un-* 7 and 5 b.] = inexact a. 1758 Maclaine Mosheim's Eccles. Hist. I. 407 note, Dr. Mosheim’s account of the time of Nestorius’s death is perhaps unexact. 1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleas. (1777) I. 153 How is it that so scrupulous a man in point of equity is so unexact a correspondent? 1862 ‘Shirley’ (J. Skelton) Nugae Crit. ii. 137 The literalness of an unpoetic intellect.. is always comparatively sterile and unexact.

So une'xactness, inexactness.

unex'cepting,/>/)/. a.

une'xacting,/>/>/. a. (un-* 10.) 1862 Milman in Proc. Roy. Soc. XI. p. xv, A seat in Parliament, independent even on generous and unexacting friendship. 1884 Mrs. Coote Sure Harvest 24 The most unselfish, unexacting old lady I ever knew.

1818 Q. Rev. XVIII. 41 unexaggerable style.

rare~~^.

1677 Gilpin Demonol. ii. ix. 389 Satan here plays upon the unexactness of the Translation.

une'xacted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1609 Tourneur Funerall Poem Sir F. Vere 23 All that I speak is unexacted, true and free. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. I. 196 All was common, and the fruitful Earth Was free to give her unexacted Birth.

Gongora’s exaggerating and

une'xaggerated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1770 Armstrong Misc. II. 272 In some places natural and unexaggerated representations of life are not felt. 1812 Q. Ret'. VTlI. 329 A mass of immediate evil..of which the unexaggerated report might almost startle our belief. 1861 Mill Repr. Govt. (1865) 34/1 It would be.. ungenerous to offer this.. as an unexaggerated picture of the French people.

1825 Ld. Cockburn Mem. (1856) 332 Calm, clear, and unexaggerating, he went into all the details with precision.

une'xalted, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) i6ii Florio, Innessaltato, vnexalted. 1648 Hexham ii, Ongehooght, Vnlifted up, or Vn-exalted. 1746 Young Nt. Th. IX. 755 Who sees it unexalted, and unaw’d? 1805 Wordsw. Prelude xiii. 243 Not unexalted by religious faith. Nor uninformed by books.

une'xaminable, a. (un-’ 7 b.) 1641 Milton Reform, i. Wks. 1851 HI. 4 The lowly, alwise, and unexaminable intention of Christ. 1890 Abp. Benson Let. in Life (1901) 373 She had read your book carefully, and I daresay knew it (in an unexaminable sort of way).

une'xamined, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1495 Act II Hen. VII, ii. §3 As often as eny suche of the seid mysdoers.. departen unexamyned and unpunysshed. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 132 That no worde passe out vntryed, & nothynge entre vnexamyned. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 765 Watching that no man shoulde.. passe vnserched nor vnexamined. 1620 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1907) III. 582 The teachinge of a Stranger vnexamined and vnripe of yeres. 1684 T. Burnet Theory Earth i. 285 Those manuscripts that are yet unexamin’d in these parts of Christendom. 1747 Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. 268 More pride and vanity than I could have thought had lain in my unexamined heart. 1779 Johnson L.P., Watts. Wks. IV. 187 He has left neither corporeal nor spiritual nature unexamined. 1875 Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 14 To leave the great mass of copies wholly unexamined.

une'xamining,

a. (un-’ io.)

1682 in Lond. Gaz. No. 1714/6 A means to ferment the Factious Un-examining Vulgar into Rebellious Heats. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) IV. 213 Which concealed itself from my unexamining heart under the specious veil of humility. 1809-10 Coleridge Friend (1837) I. 163 The unexamining and boisterous youth of the world. 1835 Willis Pencillings I. 90, I passed them with the same lost unexamining.. feeling which I cannot overcome in this place.

[un-* 8.]

Having no preceding or similar example; unprecedented, unparalleled. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. i. 724 David King of Scots, who with his unexampled cruelty had made this country almost a wildemesse. a 1676 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. iv. iv. (1677) 325 This admirable.. production of such a Nature unexampled before. 1763 Wilkes Corr. (1805) I. 75 Your lordship’s unexampled care of his majesty’s youth. 1816 J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 176 With unexampled ability and villainy, he fashioned the people to suit his views. 1855 Bain Senses & Int. iii. iv. §24 This is an extreme case, but not unexampled in the history of the world.

une'xasperating,a. (un-* io.) 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. xiv. vii. VI. 549 The most quiet, uninsulting, unexasperating satire.

un'excavated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1874 Withrow Catacombs (1877) 20 Some unexcavated spaces have been observed traced in outline.

unex'ceeded, p/>/. a. (un-* 8.) 1813 T. Busby Lucretius I. i. Comm. p. xii. comparison . .is conceived with unexceeded vigour.

(un-* io).

1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. H. 410 A rising Clergyman .. seem’d to excuse that.. Prelate’s Prophetick Vein, or even exempt it from his unexcepting Censure. 1870 J. Bruce Life of Gideon xxii. 401 There is a general and unexcepting revival.. within his heart, even of all such graces.

unex'ceptionable, a. [un-* 7 b.] 1. To whom, or to which, no exception can be taken; perfectly satisfactory or adequate. a. Of persons. 1664 Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. vi. 276 All which I have said was done in the Presence of unexceptionable Witnesses. 1699 T. Baker Refl. Learn, iii. 27 Cicero tho the most unexceptionable [authority] has not escaped their censure. 1740 Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 48 Not even the Revolution., has been able to furnish us with unexceptionable statesmen. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla II. 193 She affectionately embraced the unexceptionable Lavinia. 1868 Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. ix. 431 There was now no such unexceptionable rival to oppose to the Norman.

b. Of material things. (Rare before 19th c.)

une'xaggerating, ppl. a. (un-‘ io.)

une'xampled, ppl. a.

unevi'dentiaL a. (un-* 7.)

t un'evitable, a. inevitable a.

So une'xactedly adv. C1642 Observ. his Majesty's late Answer 18 The father doth all his offices meritoriously, freely, and unexactedly.

une'xaggerable, a. (un-* 7 b.)

c. In various figurative uses. 1636 B. JoNSON Discoveries Wks. (1641) 98 They would not have it run without rubs, as if that stile were more strong and manly, that stroke the eare with a kind of unevenesse. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 255 Saturne was pressed with unevennesse or roughnesse, either in leaping or speaking. 1707 Reflex, upon Ridicule 319 The whimsical Unevenness of some People ruins the pleasure of Conversation. 1779 Johnson L.P., Dryden Wks. II. 427 Such is the unevenness of his compositions, that [etc.]. 1805 Med. Jrnl. XIV. 395 The unevenness of disposition, the convulsive sobs and strong paroxysms of weeping. 1882 L. Keith Alasnam's Lady HI. 105 Di hardly noticed the unevenness of her mood.

?I4.. Lat.-Eng. Voc. vnclipped, vneuesed.

UNEXCEPTIONED

The

unex'celled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) />/. a.

Obs.-"^

[un-* 8.]

=

UNEXCEPTIONABLE a. I. 1704 T. Baker Act at Oxf. 11. ii. 12 A Gentleman unexception’d in Person, Temper, and Estate.

UNEXCEPTIVE unex'ceptive, a. (un-* 7.) 1856 N. Brit. Ret'. XXVI. 54 An uncxccptivc Christian belief, i860 !. Taylor Em. i. 118 The Rights of Man.. are universal and unexceptive. unex'changed,/)/>/. a. (un-* 8.) 16x8 in W. Foster Eng. Factories in India (1906) I. 8 And we compelled to leave a whole chest of rv-alls and three ingotts unexchanged. 1777 Bi RKE Let. to Sheriffs of Bristol Wks. III. 143 If., we.. contend that you may justly reserve for vengeance, those who remain unexchanged. unex'cised, (ppl.) a.' [un-‘ 8, 9.] 1. Not subjected to an Excise or tax. CX740 I. H. Browne Pipe of Tobacco v. 20 Come to thy ^et.. And let me taste thee unexcis’d by kings. 1861 Sat. Ret . 23 Nov. 532 So all the benefits of a free press, unstamped, unexcised, may be altogether thrown away. 2. Not appointed to a post in the Excise. 1820 Byron Juan iii. xciii. All are not moralists, like Southey,.. Or Wordsworth unexcised, unhired. unex'cised,p/>/. a.* [un-* 8.] Not excised or cut out. 1871 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. 203 The inflammatory changes.. in the unexcised cornea of the opposite eye. unex'citable, a. (un-* 7 b and 5 b.) 1839 Ld. Clarendon in Maxwell Life & Lett. (1913) I. 15s, I am of a mature age, unexcitable temperament. 1859 Cor.nwallis New World I. 297 He did the work simply as a means of living, and he liked it because it was dry and unexcitable. 1^5 Outing XXVI. 432/1 During this battle royal, the other fish had darted away, and.. only the unexcitable sturgeon was to be seen. Hence unexcita'bility. 1882 W. James Let. 13 Nov. (1920) I. 215 The traditional German professor in its highest sense.. an absolute unexcitability of manner. 1885 E- G. Parry Suakin ix. 215 The extreme unexcitability of temperament of these people. unex'cited,/)/)/. a. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not mentally stirred or moved. 173s Ld. Lyttelton Lett. fr. Persian in Eng. iii, The human brutes, who, unexcited by any rage or sense of injury, could spill the blood of others. 1850 Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. ix. (1857) 133 Remember Him pausing to weep .., unexcited, while the giddy crowd around Him were shouting ‘Hosannas to the Son of David!’ X856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvii. 202 A more unexcited inspection showed us.. that their numbers were not as great. 2. Not affected by outward influence. X746 Phil. Trans. XLIV^. 734 There is an Endeavour by the nearest unexcited Non-electric to restore the .Equilibrium. 1839 G. Bird Nat. Philos. 399 To produce upon an unexcited eye the sensation of a colour corresponding to that of the wafer. X856 Froude Hist. Eng. II. 26 [Protestantism] sprung up spontaneously, unguided, unexcited,.. among the masses of the nation. unex'citing,/)/)/. a. (un-^ io.) 1833 j.H. Newman Arians i. § i. 20 Judaism .. indisposed the mind for the severe and unexciting mysteries.. of the Catholic faith. 1861 Mill Repr. Govt. 37 Uncivilized races .. are averse to continuous labour of an unexciting kind. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay viii, He had. .led a quiet, busy life, humbly useful, but unexciting, b. spec, of diet. 1880 Barwell Aneurism v. 44 If an aneurismal patient.. have a dry, unexciting diet. 1888 P. Furnivall Phys. Training 3 Substantial, nourishing solids, with simple unexciting fluids.

UNEXILEABLE

9 vnexcommunicated. 1680 Answ. Stillingfieet's Serm. Every one that dies Un-excommunicate in the Parish.

15

unex'corticated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1725 Fam. Diet. s.v. Diahexapte, Take Juniper-Berries unexcorticated, and Bay-berries excorticated.

t unex'cusable, a. Obs. [un-* 7 b and 5 b.] = INEXCUSABLE a.: a. Of persons. Chiefly in a religious or moral sense, after Rom. ii. i (Gr. dvoTroAoynro?, L. inexcusabilis). 1382 WYCLIF Rom. ii. i For which thing thou ert vnexcusable, thou ech man that demest. &x is to seyn, pat list pat or he wex olde. His uertue pat lay now ful stille ne sholde nat perisshe vnexcercised in gouernaunce of comune. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 153 r) 86 Let ncuer ony parte of thy good day passe and scape the vnexercysed. 1562 J. Shute Cambini's Turk. Wars 19 A place wherein no filthic exercise was left unexercised. 1635 Brathwait Arcad. Pr. 19 Their Comitiall courts like desarts, wilde and unexercised. 1671 Clarendon Hist. Reb. ix. §42 The enemy left no manner of barbarous cruelty unexercised that day. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla II. 278 Her judgment and penetration had been wholly unexercised. 1893 Fairbairn m Selbie Life vii. (1914) 247 Certain faculties would remain unexercised.

2. Not taking exercise; remaining inactive; not put in motion; left unmoved or unstirred. 1562 Turner Baths 6 Some other [men]., eat cuell and vnholsome meates,..and then being vnexercised.. make much euill humours. 16^ Topsell Four-f. Beasts 273 Be not afraid., of this sluggish and vnexercised people, for.. they stir not out of the City. 1624 Wotton Archil, i. 3 That it [rc. air] be not.. vndigested, for want of sunne, not unexercised for want of winde.

CX650 Don Bellianis 84 Get you out of my Persepolis.. unless you will here dye, unheard, and unexcused.

3. Of persons: Not accustomed or prepared by training or practice; untrained.

unex'cusing, p/)/. a. (un-’ io.)

1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades i. iii. (1592) 24 Whereby we gather, that the scripture is difficult or obscure to the vnlearned, vnskilfull, vnexercised, and malicious.. wils. 1623 Bingham Xenophon, Comp. Wars, An vnexercised Souldier is alwaies raw, though he haue serued neuer so long. /. a. (un-* 7 and 5 b.) 1811 WoRDSW. Epist. to Beaumont 209 Not unexpectant that by early day Our little Band would thrid this mountain¬ way. 1881 E. F. Poynter the Hills II. 84 Abashed by the unexpectant calm that met her.

unexpec'tation. (un-^ 12 and 5 b.) i6n Florio, Innaspettatione, vnexpectation. 1650 Bp. Hall Balm of Gilead vii. § i As every other evill, so this [loss] especially is aggravated by our unexpectation.

unex'pected, ppl. a. (un-* 8 and 5 b.) 01586 Sidney Arcadia i. v. In such an unexpected mischiefe. 1597 A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 50/1 Because of vnexpected accidentes, he is blamed, disdayned and diffamed. 1034 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 5 An vnexpected violent gust. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxviii. 162 The unexpected addition is no part of the Punishment. 1733 Berkeley Let. Wks. 1871 IV. 204 This circumstance, not foreseen, occasions an unexpected delay. 1781 Gibbon Decl. & F. XXX. (1787) III. 147 Stilicho.. suddenly repressed, by his unexpected presence, the enemy. 1825 Scott Talisman iii. His attention was suddenly caught by an unexpected apparition, i860 Maury Phys. Geog. xviii. §750 The most unexpected discovery of all. absol. 1884 in LitteWs Living Age April tzsfz He is very great in the art of the unexpected. 1891 Bartlett Fam. Quots. (ed. 9) 701 The unexpected always happens.—A common proverb. 1892 [see unexpectable].

unex'pectedly, adv. (un-^ ii, 5b; cf. prec.) 1605 Drayton Idea li. Calling to mind .. How things still unexpectedly have run, As it please the Fates. 1693 Dryden Juvenal (1697) p. xxii, A most Bountiful Present, which.. came most seasonably and unexpectedly to my Relief. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 283 A seat beautifully wooded, gracing most unexpectedly this almost treeless tract. 1825 Scott Talisman xxiii. Engaged in subduing the

angry feelings which had been so unexpectedly awakened. 1869 Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 220 We found ourselves close to the beach... on which we unexpectedly emerged.

b. With adjs. or advs. 1818 Scott Rob Roy xxvi, We took a kind farewell of this unexpectedly zealous friend. 1850 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1883) II. 123 She arrived yesterday unexpectedly early. 1877 Lady Brassey Voy. Sunbeam xviii, Rejoicing that we had . .a fresh fair wind, so unexpectedly soon.

unex'pectedness. (un-^ 12 and 5 b.) 1614 Tomkis Albumazar iv. ii. This man admires the vnexpectednesse Of my returne. 1654 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 74 You should haue lessen’d my ruine, at least of one misery, which is the suddenness and unexpectedness of it. 1725 Watts Logic iii. iv. §8 This will plainly prove that he describes the Unexpectedness of his Appearance. 1804-6 Syd. Smith Mor. Philos. (1850) 378 The unexpectedness of the news excites., the feeling of surprise. 1893 McCarthy Red Diamonds HI. 221 An adventure stranger in its ironic unexpectedness than anything which had befallen him.

unex'pecting, pp/. a. (un-^ io, 5 d.) 1632 Lithgow Trav. i. 7 The harmlesse innocent, vnexpecting euill, may suddenly bee surprised. 1831 James Phil. Augustus I. ii. The cold unexpecting fixedness of his companion’s features.

unex'pectingly,

(un-^ ii.)

1801 Eliz. Helme St. Margaret's Cave xx. Thus unexpectingly meeting with a stranger.. had the most sensible effect upon the good old man.

t unex'pediency. Obs. (un-‘ 12 and 5 b.) 1607 T. Sparke Brotherly Persuasion 7 Some inconuenience, and vnexpediencie in some of the things commaunded.

t unex'pedient, a. INEXPEDIENT a.

Obs.

[un-^ 7 and 5 b.]

=

C1449 Pecock Repr. ii. v. 163 For ellis the sacramentis of Crist weren vnleeful, vnexpedient, and vnprofitable. ^1520 Barclay Jugurth (1557) Aijb, Neuertheles so to do it is vnbehouefull and vnexpediente. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 134 For this kinde of speach were vnexpedient if to make images were.. lawfull. 1643 Quarles Loyall Convert Wks. (Grosart) I. 142/2 What is unexpedient in the one, is lawfull in the other. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. ii. §25 Others did condemne the present excommunication.. as unexpedient. 01768 Secker Serm. (1770) II. 180 For their Abuse doth not of Necessity make our Use of them unlawful, nor possibly sometimes unexpedient.

unex'peditated, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 159^ Manwood Lawes Forest xvi. 97 b. The forfaiture .. onely for the keeping of Mastiues within a Forrest vnexpeditated. 1885 M. Collins in Eng. Illustr. Mag. 586/1 Some Commoners claimed a right to keep certain dogs unexpeditated.

unex'pelled, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 Ash.] i8ii Byron Hints fr.

Hor.

240 He..,

unexpelled perhaps, retires M.A.

unex'pended> ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 157* 13 Eliz. c. 4 §9 Any Part thereof.. founde to be owing and unexpended. [1775 Ash.] 1818 Scott Br. Lamm. xviii. Computing how long.. the provisions which had been unexpended might furnish forth the Master’s table. 1855 PuSEY Doctr. Real Presence Note R. 365 That which is eaten is unexpended. 1884 Act 47 & 48 Viet. c. 73 §5 The unexpended balances of certain votes for navy services.

unex'pensive, inexpensive a.

a.

[un-*

7

and

5 b.]

=

1642 Milton Apol. Smcc/. Wks. 1851 III. 305 Providence .. hath ever bred me up in plenty, although my life hath not bin unexpensive in learning, and voyaging about. 1727 Thomson Britannia 204 Then cherish this, this unexpensive power,.. By lavish Nature thrust into your hand. 1770 Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 74/2 His sacrifices.. consisting chiefly of., simple and unexpensive things. 1834 Ht. Martineau Farrers ii. 21 Mr. Farrer eschewed luxuries, except a few of the most unexpensive. 1859 Mill Lett. (1910) I. 233 Neither they nor the Tories wish to make elections unexpensive.

Hence unex'pensively adv.y -ness. 1815 Jane Austen Emma xxv, Keeping little company, and that little unexpensively. 1825 Carlyle Schiller (1845) App. 285 Add to this the unexpensiveness to me of such a town as Weimar.

funex’perience, inexperience.

Obs. [un-^ 12 and 5 b.] =

1611 Florio, Imperitia, vnskilfulnesse, vnexperience, ignorance. 1617 Bp. Hall Quo Vadis? x. To recant that which my vn-experience hath.. written in praise of the French education. 1691 Hartcliffe Virtues 61 Ignorance and Unexperience m^es men bold and foolhardy. 1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake I. xiii. 93 He offered to appoint me his second Lieutenant, which I declined accepting, on account of my Unexperience in maritime Affairs.

unex'perience, v. [un-* 14.] trans. To fail to experience. 1603 Harington in Nugse Ant. (1804) I. 336 Nor did I.. unexperience her love and kyndness on manie occasions.

unex'perienced, p/>/. a. [un-^ 8 and 5 b.] 1. Not furnished with, or taught by, experience; not skilled or trained in this way. 1569 Underdown Ovid's Invect. Ibis Pref. Avjb, If you wil bear with mine vnexperienced iudgemente. 1608 WiLLET Hexapla Exod. 273 No man will commit his .. bodie to an vnexperienced physitian. 1678 Otway Friendship in F. IV. i, Her natural and unexperienc’d tenderness exceeded practis’d charms. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 175 If 10 Credulity is the common failing of unexperienced virtue. 1793 Holcroft tr. Lavater's Physiog. i. 16 Shades scarcely

discernible to an unexperienced eye. 1822 Chisholm in Good Study Med. (1829) II. 213 Let the young and unexperienced practitioner guard himself against it. 1860 A. L. Windsor Ethica iii. 146 An unexperienced hand might have expected [etc.].

b. Const, in. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. n. 138 Our English Surgeons (for the most part) be vnexperienced in hurts that come by shot. 1620 E. Blount Horse Subs. 85 To be vnexperienced in the first, argues much disability for the latter. 1654 tr. Martini's Cong. China 211 He quickly dispersed them, being wholy unexperienced in Military Discipline. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 27 My., child here, is unexperienced in the world. 1771 Smollett Humph. Cl. Oct. ii. Unexperienced as I am in the commerce of life.

c. absol. (with the). 1622 Peacham Compl. Gent. xvi. 200 If it be the common Law of Nature, that the learned should.. instruct the ignorant, the experienced, the vnexperienced. 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. iv. xix. 125 Whatever the unexperienc’d may imagine. 17431 Johnson's Debates {1787)11. 100 By these arts I have known the young and unexperienced kept in suspence. i8io Crabbe Borough xxiii. 87 The unexperienced and the inexpert.

2. Not known or felt by experience. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 89 A new and altogether unexperienc’d State and way of Life. 1721 Perry Daggenh. Breach 69 My Work was in a Method entirely new, and unexperienc’d by those Persons appointed to carry on the same in my Absence. 1756 Monitor No. 27. I. 239 The towers., gave me an unexperienced delight, as I had never seen such a place before. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby ix. v, There was .. no unexperienced scene or sensation of life to distract his intelligence.

Hence unex'periencedness. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes i. viii. 30 Whereat he vapoured extreamely, shaking his head at the fellows unexperiencednesse. 1727 Bailey (vol. II) s.v.. Unskilfulness.

t unex'perient, a. Obs. rare, [un-^ 7 and 5 b.] Inexperienced. 1597 Shaks. Lover's Compl. 318 The naked and concealed feind he couerd, That th’vnexperient gaue the tempter place. 1750 Carte Hist. Eng. II. 638 Errors and oversights .. proceeding.. from unexperient ignorance.

unex'perimented, ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] 11. Inexperienced; unskilled. Obs. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres i. i. i My selfe, and other country Gentlemen, vnexperimented in such martiall causes. 1622 R. Hawkins voy. S. Sea 152 To commend such charges to men vnexperimented in their profession. 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 162 So ignorant and unexperimented in all wylinesse.. as to discover her love.

2. Not tried, experiment.

known,

or

ascertained

by

1594 R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 78 b, The diligence of the auncients, who haue left nothing vnsearched, and vnexperimented. 1674 R. Godfrey Inj. & Ab. Physic 54, I cannot but.. wonder, that any persons should be so stupidly idle, and vain, to publish unexperimented Processes. 1839 B. H. Smart Way out of Metaph. 51 We may .. apply it to similar particulars remaining unexperimented. 1870 Lowell Study Wind. 194 Whether equally so to the most distant possible heathen or not was unexperimented.

tunex'pert, a. Obs. [un-^ 7 and 5 b, Cf. MDu. onexpert.'\ 1. = INEXPERT a. 0 1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 55 Lewed men and vnexperte men callel? al pe infirmitez bredyng in j?e lure emeroydez, or pilez, or fics. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 5111V, If ye consider the scarcenes of my wit, and my vnexpert youth. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 11. i. 23 The expert souldier loth to obey the vnexpert Captaine. 1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xxxiv. 25 Ignorance is vnexpert, and the Face Of smiling Error leads to Wickedness. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India Gf P. 269 The Men here being unexpert how far the Friendly Offices [etc.].

b. Const, of or in. (0) o 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E.E.T.S.) 62 Vtterly vnexpert of mannys cownsell and helpe. C1520 Barclay Jugurth 32 b, Theyr felowes whiche were fereful and unexpert of suche chaunces of warre. 0 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 150 b, Nor of diligence, studie, and businesse, she was not vnexperte. 1635 Heywood Hierarchy vi. 393 A Barbarian,.. Unexpert of your Greekish plenitude, a 1689 Mrs. Behn Mem. Crt. K. Bantam (1722) II. 295 A pure Celibate, and altogether unexpert of Women. (b) 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 274 They that be vnexperte in suche spirituall swetnesse. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utop. ii. (1895) 121 Yf they should be al together newe and fresh and vnexperte in husbandrie. 1629 Wadsworth Pilgr. 35 Wee were young and vnexpert in sea fight. 1684 J. S. Profit & Pleas. United 166 Such Uner[r]ing Rules, as will, .perfect the unexpert therein. 1778 [W. H. Marshall] Minutes Agric., Observ. 159 A man unexpert in boxing the Compass.

c. ellipt. in special sense. 01586 Sidney Arcadia iii. v, Not doubting the easie congest of an unexpert virgin. 1623 Wodroephe Marrow Fr. Tongue 322/2 If a Woman be a Virgen, shee is vnexpert.

2. Of things: Untried, rare-'. c 1510 Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) B v. When thou shah ought do of unexpert or newe.

Hence funex'pertly

adv.y

-ness.

Obs.

1538 Latimer Rem. (Parker Soc.) 398 If affection do reign in me, then I will not; if ignorance and unexpertness, then I cannot. 1565 Cooper, Imperite, vnexpertly: vnskilfully. 1598 Florio, Imperitia, vnskilfulnes, vnexpertnes. 1611 Cotgr., Imperitement,.. vnlearnedly; vnexpertly.

t un'expiable, a. Obs. INEXPIABLE a. 1.

[un-^ 7 b and 5 b.]

=

1606 Bp. j. King Serm. Sept. 46 The fault is unexpiable; the blood of martyrdome cannot wash out this spot. 1657

UNEXPIATED

11

Trapp Comm. Esther ii. lo This lyeth upon them as a punishment for their unexpiable guilt.

un'expiated, ppL a. INEXPIATED a.

[un-^ 8 and 5 b.]

=

1681 Earl Roscommon Poems ii’jzi) 6 The Bar.. Stain’d with the (yet unexpiated) Blood Of the brave Strafford. 1809 Malkin Gil Bias x. i. IP4 It gives me the horrors.. to think of my unexpiated murders. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets vii. 190 Orestes.. has.. unexpiated crimes of father and of grandsire to atone for.

unex'pired, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1570 Walsingham in Wills Doctors' Comm. (Camden) 70 All my leases, or so many of them as then shall remayne unsoulde and unexpired. 1635 Quarles Embl. v. x. 281 She .. begs th’ untimely date Of unexpired thraldome, to release Th’ afflicted Captive. 1659 Knaresb. Wills {Surtees) II. 240 Yeares of a lease., which are yet uncome and unexpired. 1778 [W. H. Marshall] Minutes Agric., Observ. 191 The unexpired term of the lease. 1859 J. Lang Wand. India 27 The unexpired portion of their leave having been cancelled. 1883 D. C. Murray Hearts xxiii. (1885) 189 The unexpired lease of the theatre was supposed to be worth a thousand.

unex'plainable, Inexplicable.

a.

[un-*

7b

and

sb.]

01711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 357 Each Plant, Worm, Mite, Pebble we behold, Strange Wonders unexplainable enfold. 1858 Mrs. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw II. 88 The unconscious, unexplainable poetic elevation of the lad. 1875 Whitney Lang. x. 195 Facts which for the time seem unexplainable by ordinary means.

Hence unex'plainably adv,, inexplicably. 1899 Somerville & Ross Experiences Irish R.M. 247 At last we came, unexplainably, into smooth water.

unex'plained, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1721 Amhurst Terree Filius No. 31, All their doctrines are generally embraced whilst unexplained and unexamined. 1784 CowpER Task II. 58 Fires from beneath, and meteors from above. Portentous, unexampled, unexplain’d. 1842 Manning Serm. (1848) 10 The great and unexplained fall of the ‘sons of God’. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 706 A rule, subject doubtless to no few unexplained exceptions.

Hence unex'plainedly adv. i8n Miss L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. II. 366 These insular situations,.. where nothing can occur unexpectedly and unexplainedly, without.. carrying an inflammable train.

unex'planatory, a. (un-* 7.) 1816 Bentham Chrestom. Wks. 1843 VIII. 171 The arbitrary and unexplanatory denomination given to them. 1847 C. Bronte Eyre xxxiii, The hasty and unexplanatory reply.

t un'expliable, a. inexple(a)ble a.

Obs.

[UN-^ 7 b, 5 b.]

=

1658 J. J ONES Ovid's Ibis 15 The Belides sieve [may be] the unexpliable desires of the soule.

t un'explicable, a. Obs. [un-* 7 b and 5 b.] 1. = INEXPLICABLE a. 2. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 542/1 Which places of themselfe all olde holy doctours confesse for diffuse and almost unexplicable. 1644 Digby Nat. Soul Pref. [fs Later Philosophers .. haue filled their bookes .. with vnexplicable opinions, out of which no account of nature can be given. 1656 Earl Monm. tr. Boccalini's Advts.fr. Parnass. 1. Ixxvii. 100 Justice being oppressed by the unexplicable ambition of potent men. 1803 Ann. Rev. I. 275 What remains unexplicable in the conduct of public men is not solved by conjecture. 1815 Monthly Mag. XXXVIII. iii Many hundred words obsolete, unexplicable, barbarous,.. will be dislodged. 2. = INEXPLICABLE I. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 225 Him Minos doomes To durance, in vnexplicable roomes. a 1624 R. Crakanthorp Vigilans Dormitans xix. (1631) 313 By most admirable and unexplicable fraud & subtilty. 1675 Evelyn Terra (1676) 61 Mould to entertain the Fibers, which else you will find to mat in unexplicable intanglements.

Hence f un'explicableness.

Obs.

1712 H. More's App. Antid. Ath. 185 The unexplicableness of a Spirit’s moving Maker is no greater argument [etc.].

un'explicated, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1666 Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual. Pref. B 6 b. Qualities.. which have been by the Schooles either left Unexplicated, or Generally referr’d, to.. Incomprehensible Substantial! Formes. 1698 LoCKE Let. to Molyneux 6 Apr., To have., unravell’d to you that which lying in the lump unexplicated in my mind I scarce yet know what it is my self.

unex'plicit(ly7 a. and adv. (un-* 7, 11, 5 b.) [*775 Ash, Unexplicit.) 1831 Scott Ct. Rob. xxvi, So unexplicitly expressed,.. that it was by no means easy to conceive the meaning of what he said. 1838 Sir W^. Hamilton Logic xvii. (1866) I. 319 Very brief and unexplicit in his treatment of this subject. 1852 James Pequinillo II. 211 It was briefly and unexplicitly that he explained himself.

unex'ploited, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1888 Pall Mall G. 3 Sept. 2/1 Developing the wonderful resources of their unexploited continent.

unex'plorable, a. (un-' 7 b, 5 b.) 1859 T. S. Henderson Life E. Henderson 149 The guide, who regarded the region not only as unexplored, but unexplorable.

unex'plored, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1697 Dryden jEneis iv. 600 No female Arts or Aids she left untry’d, Nor Counsels unexplor’d, before she dy’d. 1700 - Sigism. & Guiscardo 678 Under thy friendly Conduct will I fly To Regions unexplor’d. *75* Johnson Rambler No. 137 iP7 The unexplored abysses of truth. 1824

UNEXTINGUISH ABLE

Miss L. M. Hawkins Annaline III. 65 They had led him round through an unexplored countr>'. 1884 J. Gilmour Mongols xviii. 225 The spirit which prompts men to.. seek out unexplored knowledge. unex'plosive, a. (un-' 7, 5 b.) a 1828 Sir W. Congreve (Worcester, 1846). 1866 [see inexplosive a.] 1884 Contemp. Rev. Nov. 617 Guns firing solid, and therefore unexplosive, shot. unex'portable, a. (un-' 7 b.) 1827 P. Cunningham N.S. Wales 11. 103 Paper-money.. being unexportable, and consequently only available for home use.

Dial. in. xvi. 411 Tumbling them down into the pit of Hell, there to be eternally and unexpressibly tormented. 1702 Echard Eccl. Hist. (1710) 598 which meeting with a person of his age,.. must needs be unexpressibly burdensome.

unex'pressive, a. [un-' 7 and 5 b.] fl. = INEXPRESSIVE a. I. Obs. 1600 Shaks. a. Y.L. III. ii. IO Run, run Orlando, carue on euery Tree, The faire, the chaste, and vnexpressiue shee. 1629 Milton Hymn Nativ. xi, Haiping in loud and solemn quire. With unexpressive notes to Heav’ns new-born Heir. 1637-Lycidas 176 So Lycidas. .hears the unexpressive nuptiall Song, In the blest Ringdoms meek of joy and love.

2. = inexpressive a. 2. unex'posed, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Not brought to light; not shown up. 1703 Mrs. Centlivre Beau's Duel Ii. ii, Would they take my advice, no fop..shou’d ’scape unexposed. 1741 Watts Improv. Mind i. v. §8 (1801) 55 They will endeavour..to render it useless by their censures, rather than suffer.. the little mistakes of the author to pass unexposed. 1817 CoBBETT Taking Leave 29 While her infamous press was revelling in unexposed falsehoods and calumnies. 2. Not rendered open, subject, or liable, to something. a 1691 Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 82 A place unexposed to the moon’s light. 1769 E. Bancroft Guiana 17 The white inhabitants.. are unexposed to the rays of the sun near mid¬ day. 1814 WoRDSW. Excurs. iv. 757 Existence unexposed To the blind walk of mortal accident. 1865 Neale Hymns Paradise 10 Unexposed to change and chance. 3. Photogr. (See expose v. 3.) 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 229 The principal constituent of an unexposed dry plate is silver bromide. unex'postulating,/>/>/. a. (un-' io.) 1819 Shelley Cenci ii. ii. 150 Her mother scared and unexpostulating. unex'poundable, a. (uN-'7b.) x6ii Cotgr., /wexp/icaWe,.. vndisplayable, vnexpoundable. 1835 Court Mag. VI. 230/1 In spite of legal interdic¬ tions and unexpoundable acts of parliament. 1844 North Brit. Rev. I. 147 Dark sayings and unexpoundable dogmas. unex'pounded, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1648 Hexham ii, Onbeduydet, Vnexpounded. 1651 Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year II. xxii. 279 When we are to choose our doctrine,.. we take that which is in the plain unexpounded words of Scripture. 1826 Scott Woodst. xiv, ‘As gospel unexpounded by a steeple-man,’ said the Independent. unex'press, a. (un-* 7.) 1851 Carlyle Sterling i. iv, The express schoolmaster is not equal to much at present—while the wnexpress.. is so busy. t unex'pressable,

a.

Obs.

[un-'

7 b.]

=

unexpressible a. 1548 G. Wishart tr. Conf. Fayth xxii, We exulte and rejoyce with a myrth unexpressable in wordes. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia iii. x, As well consorted partes to such an unexpressable [1621 unexpressible] harmonie. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 468 Now she..still beggeth with Him by sighes vnexpressable. 1652 Eliza's Babes 75 A felicity that fils our hearts with an unexpressable delight. 1683 E. Hooker Pordage's Mystic Div. Pref. 70 To the., unexpressabl refreshing of the .. faithful Servants of Christ. C1721 Mrq. Tullibardine in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 126 Those who find their account in unexpressable confusion. unex'pressed, ppl. a. (un-' 8 and 5 b.) 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. Pref., So that he do with an vnexpressed Fayth (as they cal it) submit hys mynde to the iugement of the Chirch. i6n Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. Ill, And you will feel so unexprest a joy In chast embraces, that you will indeed appear another. 1659 Evelyn tr. Gold. Bk. Chrysostome Ep. Ded. Axj, The Ellipsis, and Defects of Verbs and Nouns unexpressed. 1676 Life Father Sarpi in Brent's Counc. Trent 8 All their regular orders continued with professions as yet unexprest. 1813 Byron Corsair iii. xv, His thoughts..; deep, dark, and unexprest. They bleed within..his breast. 1876 Fox Bourne Locke I. vi. 273 By its unexpressed terms all the courtiers and politicians.. were to be well bribed. So unex'pressedly adv. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 173 It is not enough, if a man vnexpressedly bele.ue..: but he requireth an expressed acknowleging of Gods goodnesse. unex'pressible, a. (and sb.). Now rare or Obs. [un-* 7 and 5 b.] = inexpressible a. 1621 [see unexpressable a., quot. a 1586]. 1626 Donne Serm. 746 That unexpressible worke of the Redemption. 1675 Traherne Chr. Ethics 73 The first of these is occasioned by a secret and unexpressible agreement of tempers. 1731 Hist. Litteraria II. 267 The many, almost unexpressible, Calamities he suffered, during his Captivity. 1826 Southey Vind. Eccl. Angl. 177 An unexpressible, uncomparable, unimaginable stench.. filled that whole place of darkness. b. sb. = INEXPRESSIBLE sb. 2. 1810 S. Green Reformist I. 92 No, we called ’em ‘fie-forshames’, ‘unexpressibles’, ‘inspeakables’; for ‘small-clothes’ has been long out of wogue. Hence unex'pressibleness. Also -i'bility. 1649 Ambrose Media iii. (1652) 56 The Infiniteness, and unexpressibleness of God’s Bounty, a 1672 Sterry Freed. Will (1675) 7 The unexpressibleness of the Divinity, and the Divine Vnity. 1816 Bentham Chrestom. Wks. 1843 VIII. 117 Of impracticability, in this case two causes present themselves..: viz. uncognoscibility and unexpressibility.

1755 World No. 150. V. 81 If the device had been a triple¬ crown, it would not have been unexpressive. 1816 Bentham Chrestom. 109 In so far as it simply fails of being subservient to those purposes, it is unexpressive—simply unexpressive. 1851 W. R. Greg Creed Christendom xv. 227 Exhausting superlatives, even to unexpressive and wearisome satiety.

So

unex'pressively adv.^ -ness.

[1846 Worcester, Unexpressively.) 1885 Athenseum 21 Mar. 369/2 She is distinguished from the other muses by the unexpressiveness of her name.

t unexprimable, a. Inexpressible.

Obs.

[un-* 7 b and 5 b.]

1632 Lithgow Trav. i. 9 An infinite treasure, of vnexprimable vertues. 1727 [Dorrington] Philip Quarll 222 The two Indians .. with unexprimable Activity leapt in it.

unex'pugnable, a. inexpugnable a.

[un-* 7 b and 5 b.]

=

1382 Wyclif Ezek. xxxii. 12 Alle thes folkis ben vnexpugnable, or mowen not be ouercomen. 1388 -2 Macc. xii. 21.1533 Bellenden Livy ii. iv. (S.T.S.) I. 140 He began to edifie ane strang toure.. quhilk be municioun and straitnes of pe ground apperit Vnexpugnabil. 1608 Chapman Byron's Conspir. Plays 1873 II. 225 Their owne strengths Are not so sure and vnexpugnable But that [etc.]. *653 H. Cogan Diod. Sic. 70 Arabia is a country unexpugnable to a forraign enemy. 1831 Scott Ct. Rob. xxiv, A safe and unexpugnable barrier of the empire against the Saracens.

tunex'puisable, a. Inexhaustible.

Obs.

[ad. F. inepuisable.]

1623 Lisle Mlfric on O. N. Test. Preface bzb, That vnexpuisable, that vnwastable light,.. which they had of old time shining.. in their sepulchers.

unex'punged, pp/. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1826 Malthus Popul. (ed. 6) II. 457 If the statute .. were to remain unexpunged.

un'expurgated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1882 Farrar Early Chr. II. ^16 Even in the unexpurgated passages of the Amsterdam edition. 1889 Hamerton French fef Eng. 315 Young maids and old maids read Shakespeare in unexpurgated editions.

unex'tended, ppl. a. [un-' 8 and 5 b.] 1. Not extended or stretched out. 1648 Hexham ii, Ongereckt,.. Vnreached, or Vnextended. 1697 Congreve Mourn. Bride iii. vi. Think on to-morrow, when thou shalt be tom From these weak, struggling, unextended arms. 1712 Blackmore Creation vii. 75 See his right hand he unextended keeps. 1757 Johnson Let. to C. O'Connor 9 Apr. in Boswell, Of these provincial and unextended tongues, it seldom happens that more than one are understood by any one man.

2. Spec.

Having no extension.

1674 N. Fairfax Bulk ^ Selv. 33 Nor is All-fillingness any more unextended,.. because ’tis not thing enough to be recht out. 1678 Cudworth Intel! Syst. i. i. §20. 20 Aristotle ..did suppose Incorporeal Substance to be unextended, and as such, not to have Relation to any place. 1764 Reid Inquiry vii. 210, I appeal to any man of common sense, whether extension can be in an unextended subject. 1803 Monthly Mag. XV. 322 If..spirit be defined an active sensitive unextended formless substance, i860 Mansel Proleg. Log. (ed. 2) 49 An unextended colour is therefore a purely negative notion.

So unex'tendedly adv.y -ness. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk Gf Selv. 16 If.. Gods eternity not be an everlasting now, and his immensity an unbounded unextendedness. 1678 Cudworth Intel! Syst. i. v. 823 Such considerations.. as tend directly to prove, that there is something unextendedly incorporeal.

unex'tenuated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1778 Johnson Shakespeare's Othello i. iii. 80 note, The main, the whole, unextenuated. 1823 Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 237 The whole transaction was a business of pure, unmingled treachery, unprovoked, unextenuated. 1844 R. H. Horne New Spirit of Age I. 150 Licentious works, which are unredeemed and unextenuated by any one sincere passion.

unex'tinct, a. (un-' 7 and 5 b.) ? 1622 Fletcher Love's Cure in. ii. Be there but one spark Of fire remaining in him unextinct. With my discourse I’ll blow it to a flame. 1678 Cudworth Intel! Syst. i. iv. §18. 312 Their arcane Theology remained more or less amongst them unextinct to the last. 1820 Shelley Ode to Naples 168 Be man’s high hope and unextinct desire The instrument to work thy will divine!

unex'pressibly, adi;. Now rare or O^s. [un-* ii

unex'tinguishable, a. [UN-' yb and 5 b.] = INEXTINGUISHABLE a. a. Of fire or flame (also^ig. and transf.).

and 5 b.] = inexpressibly adv. 1634 Bp. Hall Char. Man (1635) 47 Till then your condition.. is unexpressibly wofull. 1668 H. More Div.

1642 Forerunner of Rev. in Select, fr. Har! Misc. (x793) 274 The duke’s fire of his anger and fury being unextinguishable. 1654 Cokaine Diawea iv. 351 Perceiving

UNEXTINGUISHED

b. Of feelings, qualities, actions, etc. 1656 Jeanes Fuln. Christ 156 A ground of unconquerable comfort, and unextinguishable joy. 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. 11. (1709) 14, I must repeat. That this Earnestness.. is an unextinguishable Desire. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) in. 52 The people’s inseparable and unextinguishable share in the legislative power. 1815 J. CoRMACK Ahol. Fern. Infanticide Guzerat viii. 143 The ardent and unextinguishable zeal of female character. 1873 Mozley Unit'. Serm. (1876) 201 The doctrine which., declares most unextinguishable war with materialistic ideas of the Deity.

c. Of laughter. (After the Homeric aa^eoros Iliad I. 599, Odyss. viii. 326.)

yfXws,

1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus ii. 42 That famous network of Vulcan, which .. caused that unextinguishable laugh in heaven. 1^1 Mar. Edgeworth Angelina iii, The milliner.. burst into uncontrollable and .. unextinguishable laughter. 1842 Mrs. Browning Grk. Chr. Poets in. IP 5 That unextinguishable laughter which is the laughter of gods or poets.

Hence unex'tinguishableness; -ably adv. a 1660 Hammond Hell Torments i. Wks. 1684 I. 615 So the Unextinguishableness of the one must be answered with the durableness of the other. 1775 Johnson, Unquenchableness, unextinguishableness. 1779 L.P., Hammond, Hammond.. was unextinguishably amorous, and his mistress inexorably cruel.

unex'tinguished, p/)/. a. [un-^ 8 and 5 b.] Not extinguished, quenched, or put out: a. Of fire or light (also fig.). 1697 Dryden JEneis vi. 601 The souls whom that unhappy flame invades.. Lament too late their unextinguished fire. 1730 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 230 One of y' Candles.. happen’d .. to fall down unextinguish’d. 1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad viii. 241 The seeds of fire, Which unextinguish’d glow in ev’ry pyre. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam Ded. xiv, Two tranquil stars.. That burn from year to year with unextinguished light. 1858 Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. II. 175 The comet was already visible amid the unextinguished glow of twilight.

b. Of feelings, etc. (Cf. unextinguishable a.) 1700 Dryden Sigism. & Guise. 732 If thou hast remaining in thy Heart Some Sense of Love, some unextinguish’d Part Of former Kindness. 1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad vii. 198 But burning still the unextinguish’d pain, The shore he left. 1800 Coleridge Talleyrand to Ld. Grenville 71 Your merit self-conscious.. keeps you up, Unextinguish’d and swoln. 1858 Sears Athan. iii. x. 331 There is conflict between the Holy Spirit.. and our own unextinguished selfishness.

un'extirpated,/)/>/. a. (un-^ 8.) 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos, n. i. 10 That I might be sure there was not the least part of the spleen left unextirpated. 1792 Horsley Serm. xl. (1816) III. 221 Taking offence at the sin which remains as yet unextirpated. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) IV. 189 So long as that system of abominations remains unextirpated. 1867 PusEY Eleven Addresses xi. (1908) 142 Our besetting sins, still unextirpated.

unex'torted, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.)

1711 Swift Examiner No. 25 IP 5 The free unextorted addresses sent some time before from every part of the kingdom. 1755 Cowper To Delia 20 The soul’s affection can be only given Free, unextorted, as the grace of heaven.

unex'tractable,

p/. a. (un-* 10.) 1797 The College 33 Shall the unfabling Muse the tale pursue?

t un'fabricate,/>/>/. a. Obs. (un-^ 8b.)

un'face, v. [un-'‘ 4.] trans. To strip of a facing or disguise; to expose the face of. i6n Florio, Suisare, to vnface, to disuisage. 1640 Sir J. Culpepper in Rushw. Hist. Coll. in. (1692) I. 34 Unface these, and they will prove as bad Cards as any in the Pack. 1886 Cheshire Gloss. 374 To ‘unface sand’ would be to dig away all the soil so as to expose a face of sand.

un'faceable, a. [un-* 7 b.] a. (See quot. 01825.) dial. b. Unattractive in features, dial. 0x825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Unfaceable, unreasonable; indefensible. 1899 Crockett Kit Kennedy xxxiii, I hae seen mony queer-lookin’ and unfaceable ministers.

c. That cannot be faced or confronted. 1889 in Cent. Diet. 1966 M. Russell No Return Ticket ix. 79 Suddenly the prospect of work was unfaceable. 1981 M. McMullen Other Shoe (1982) xii. iii Willett exchanged unfaceable reality for unconsciousness.

un'faceted, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1893 E. A. Butler Househ. Ins. 327 A pair of simple, rounded, unfaceted eyes.

1831 [see inficete a.].

unfact ('An-, older -'faekt). [un-^ 12.] a. An untruth; a fictitious or mistaken statement. 1887 North Star 3 Dec., The astounding statement.. was an unfact. 1890 Cath. News 4 Oct. 6/4 We will call this an evangelical unfact.

b. Pol. A fact which is officially denied or disregarded. 1954 [see unperson]. 1959 Economist 8 Aug. 329/1 A government founded on the principle of treating as an unfact that bitter sequence of miscalculated events for which its leading members bore.. responsibility. 1967 G. Steiner Lang. ^ Silence 379 Already, under the pressure of different truths, of ‘un-facts’ and history rewritten, the East German language is developing its own jargon and dialect.

un'factious, a. (un-^ 7.) 1834 De Quincey Autob. Sk. Wks. 1854 II. 220 The purehearted and unfactious champions of liberty. 1853 Bp. S. Wilberforce in Li/e (1881) II. 170 Temperate, reasonable, and unfactious in their conduct.

un'fadable, a. (un-^ 7 b.) O.T.

unaimable a. Obs.

obs. Sc. var. ointment.

un'fabled,/)p/. a. (un-‘ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1809 Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) 142 They are more amusing than plain, unfabled precept. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxvii. Not thickly, as the diamonds were

*555 Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 350 By the degrees is •vnfaylably measured the hole circumference of the lande and sea. 1641 Bp. Hall Def. Humble Remonstr. viii. 71 This is perpetually and unfailably done by us. 1624 Peacemaker Wks. (1625) 538 Euery where extolling.. the assurance and •vnfailablenesse of that comfort. 1644Serm. Rem. Wks. (1660) 137 He takes all beleevers into the partnership of this comfortable unfailablenesse.

un'failed, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) *749 J- Cleland Mem. Woman Pleasure II. 239 My breasts .. unfail’d in firmness. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 523 When, on the glittering dews of orient life. Shone sunshine hopes, unfailed, unperjured then.

un'failing, p/>/. a. (and adv.). [un-* io.] 1. Not failing or giving way. p/. a. (un-^ io.) 1652 Benlowes Theoph. xii. xlii, Such suppling balm As might vain trophies turn to an unfading Palm. 1738 Gray Propertius iii. 9 Let on this head unfading flowers reside. 1816 Southey Poet's Pilgr. i. 216 The vallies with perpetual fruitage blest, The mountains with unfading foliage drest. 1869 Ruskin Q. of Air i. §5 The real atmosphere, calm in its dominion of unfading blue.

b. In figurative use. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refi. Sect. iv. iv. 73 We should., receive unfading Honours, and uncloying Delights. 1728 Ramsay Bonny Kate viii. His pleasure each moment shall blossom Unfading, gets her for his mate. 1765 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) 11. 312 He might have excited sensations, ideas, and intelligence,.. permanent, unfading, and unsatiating. 1820 Scott Monast. xxxii. By His holy Word, that unfading and unerring lamp of our paths.

Hence un'fadingly adv., un'fadingness.

[^775 Ash.]

un'eyed, ppl-

UNFAINTING

12

the flames unextinj^uishable, and defence impossible. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. in. 169 There, all unquench’d by cruel fortune’s ire. It glows with unextinguishable fire, i860 PusEY Min. Proph. 375 We see the arrow with the unextinguishable fire, ready to be discharged.

01672 Sterry Rise, Race & Royalty Kingd. God (1683) 211 All flourish together *unfadingly in the person of Christ. 1806 Moore Epist. v. 44 That.. The rose and the stream .. Should still be before me, unfadingly bright. 1658 Phillips, Immarcescence, •unfadingness. 1797 Polwhele Hist. Devonsh. 1. 160 That its use .. was known to the Phenicians will appear probable, when we consider the unfadingness of their purple, i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 91 Graces beyond nature, in their manifoldness, completeness, unfadingness.

t un'failable, a. Obs. [un-^ 7 b and 5 b.] 1. = INFALLIBLE a. 2 a. c 1425 St. Eliz. of Spalbeck in Anglia VIII. 108/15 Stronge and vnfaylabil preef of hool and dene virginite. Ibid. 113/41 Bi an vnfaillabil clock. 1553 Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 10 Moste certayne.. demonstracions of Geometrye, and vnfayleable experymentes. 1623 Bp. Hall Gt. Impostor Wks. (1625) S09 Trust them not, till you haue tried them by that vnfaileaole rule of righteousnesse. 1673 O. Walker Educ. 49 [Religion] is a principle, universal, perfect, unfailable.

2. Incapable of failing; sure, reliable.

1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxiv. 6, I made in heuenus, that vnfailende lijt shulde springe. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 38 J?i swetnes.., j>at end art of syghing, of desire begyninge, \>e 3ate of 3ernynge vnfaylinge. c 1450 Myrr. our Ladye 180 But thow in thyne vnfaylynge fayrenesse.. shuldest abyde vndepartably in his moste Toued loue. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 316 This fond attachment.. Maintains its hold with such unfailing sway, We feel it ev’n in age. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. I. i, He found a pure and unfailing delight in watching the growth of their young minds. 1855 [J. R. Leifchild] Cornwall 127 An unfailing bank of bituminous bullion. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U.S. I. x. 29 A country.. watered by unfailing rivers.

3. Infallible, positive, certain. fAlso as adv. ii. 273 Quharfor wnfabeand ar we Mayd rytht certeyn l^at it shall be. 1553 Wood tr. Gardner's True Obed. To Rdr. Aijb, The vndoubted truth of gods vnfailing word. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vii. II. 164 The event of battles, indeed, is not an unfailing test of the abilities of a commander. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxix. (1856) 240 This frost-smoke is an unfailing indication of open water. 1862 A. Meadows Man. Midwifery 76 One almost unfailing test may be here mentioned, namely, chloroform. c 1400 Sc. Trojan War

t4. As adv. Without fail, unfailingly.

Obs.

ix. xxi. 2146 (Cott. MS.), Off Marche j7e xxv. day, Wnfaillande l?at [ic. the Annunciation] sal be ay. C1425 Wyntoun Cron.

Hence un'failingness. Sanderson Serm. II. 307 The stability, unchangeableness, and unfailingness of Gods counsels. 01656 Bp. Hall Serm. Wks. 1837 V. 576 We may be so much the more infallibly assured.. by how much we do more know his unfailingness, his unchangeableness. C1630

un'failingly, adv. [un-* ii: cf. prec.] Without fail; in all cases or circumstances. c 1400 Sc. Trojan War ii. 319 Fra Gregeois pat shall ay but les Be holden ay wnfa^eandly [v.r. wnfen3eandly; L. inviolabiliter]. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 191 God wote, we have nede, Unfayllyngly, unfeynynge, and unfeynte. That concience for slought you not atteynte. 1833 Arnott Physics (ed. 5) II. 8 If the colds of winter arrive too early, they unfailingly produce the wintry scene. 1888 H. Morten Hospital Life 26 He was.. unfailingly patient with the querulous babes.

un'fain, a. Now arch, and dial. [OE. unfasten (f. un- UN-^ 7 -f fae^en FAIN a.), = ON. ufegtnn (Norw. ufegen).] Not glad or delighted; illpleased, sorry; reluctant. 01300 Cursor M. 3591 Quen pai it [sc. eld] haue pai are vnfayn, And wald ha youthed pan again. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 100 He seged bi pat coste pe kastelle of Tenkere... pe Courthose was vnfayn, him penk it a trespas. c 1400 Destr. Troy 12107 All pe folke were vnfayn, & of fyn will To haue reft hir the rynke. 01450 Le Morte Arth. 2691 They made hem Redy to that Rese, There-fore was fele folke vnfayne. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 43 Force it wes the Romanis for till fle, And leif the feild, thocht tha war rycht vnfane. 01600 Flodden F. xiv. in Child Ball. 355 If Lancashire and Cheshire be fled and gone, Of those tydings wee may be vnfaine. 1846 Whistle-Binkie II. 11 Though o’ him the men were a’ rede and unfain, The lasses aye leuch when they met him again. 1876 Whitby Gloss. 1881 Macm. Mag. XLIII. 234 As she told. The hearers were unfain to hear.

un'faint, a. (un-^ 7.) 1436 [see unfailingly], i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Fj, Durable & unfaynt in his kyngys battaylle [he] shall be. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 148 Dyamond [is] vnfaint and durable.

t un'fainted,/>/>/. a. Obs. (un-* 8.) C1425 St. Cath. of Senis in Anglia VIII. 187 Alwey and wip vnfeyntyd herte she spake of god. 01539 Coverdale Ghostly Ps. cxxix. Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 577, I wyll abyde the Lorde paciently; My soule loketh for hym unfaynted.

un'fainting,/)p/. a. (un-*

.)

10

G. Sandys Trav. 167 And o that I could retaine the effects which it wrought, with an vnfainting perseuerance! 1615

UNFAINTLY

UNFALLIBLY

13

i6^x Andros Tracts II. 297 With inviolate Integritv, excellent Prudence, and unfainting Diligence. 1850 S. Dobell Roman vi. Thou who in thy breast didst carry The fate of worlds unfainting. 1852 Bailey Festus (ed. 4) 274 Some with wings Like an unfainting rainbow.

not unfairly be assumed that the carbonic acid .. would tend to settle dow’n in a stratum near the ground. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest v, There were strong reasons to believe he came unfairly to his end.

un'faithfully, adf. [un-* ii.] In an unfaithful manner; with lack of good faith.

un'faintly, adv. (un-* ii.)

un'fairness.

1340-70 Alisaunder 229 And Philip unfaithfully fairc coste had, Arisba in exile euer was after. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 22 Preamble, The scid John unfeithfully and untruly suffred the bringer of the seid writing to goo at his plesurc. c 154,5 L.D. Morley Hyst. Massuccio ml. 2 b, You haue been vnfaithefully, vniustly and falsely [accused]. 1579 E. K. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. June, Argt., He is nowe forsaken vnfaithfully. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Counsel (Arb.) 316 The daunger of being vnfaithfullie councelled. 1679 Everard Popish P/o/5 Sir Robert most unfaithfully.. discovered all to Colonel Talbot. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. vi. §19 (1724) 144 He, who acts unfaithfully, acts against his promises and ingagements.

^1425 St. Cath. of Senis in Anglia VIII. 186/27 Vnsuffurabil labours, vnfeyntly borne. 1844 Mrs. Browning Catarina to Camocns xvi, Since with saintly Watch unfaintly Out of heaven shall o’er you lean Sweetest eyes.

un'fair, a. [OE. unfsp^er (f. un- UN-* 7 + Jaeger — ON. ufagr (Norw. ufager), Goth. unfagrs.] fl. a. Not fair or beautiful; uncomely; disfigured; ugly. Obs. FAIR a.),

Beowulf -jz"} Him of eajum stod lisje jelicost leoht unfsejer. c888 K. ..Alfred Boeth. xli. §4 Sio jefrednes.. ne msej jefredan hwseSer he bi5 pt bl®c pe hwit, 6e fsejer 6e unfses^r. 971 Blickl. Horn. 111 [HimJ |?inc6 his neawist la^lico & unfejer. c 1050 V'oe. in Wr.-Wiilcker 530 Larbata, se unfae^era. a 1300 Cursor M. 22509 pe sun |>at es sa bright .. It sal becum p&n fu! vnfair, Dune and blak sum ani hair. 13.. Gaw. 6? Gr. Knt. 1572 pe (rope femed at his mouth vnfayre bi pe wykez. a 1400-50 Alexander 4864 Rochis & rogh stanes, rokkis vnfaire. C1449 Pecock Repr. v. xii. 548 In oon maner of sumwhat foul or vnfair schap and in oon maner of poor and symple colour, a 1500 Ratis Raving i. 1722 bis eild is wnfair of fassoun, And fai^es of perfectioun. 1648 Hexham ii, Onschoon, Vnfaire, or Vnbeautifull.

•fb. Wicked; evil, bad. Obs. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 1801 He was corsed for his vneiannes,.. Done doun of his dyngnete for dedez vnfayre. 1375 Barbour Bruce i. 123 For wnfayr thingis may fall, perfay, Als weill to-morn as 5histerday. Ibid. xv. 123 Bot I trow falsat euirmar Sail haue vnfair and euill ending.

2. Not fair or equitable; unjust: a. Of actions, conduct, etc.; spec, of (business) competition. 1713 Berkeley Hylas ^ Phil. ii. Wks. 1871 I. 319 This shifting, unfair method of yours. 1746 Wesley Princ. Methodist 5 If indeed it were so abridged as to alter the Sense, this would be unfair. 1798 S. & Hr. Lee Canterb. T. II. 98 This conclusion appeared so unfair,. .that she burst into tears. 1854 E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 229 There was a very unfair Review in the Athensum. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 185 Riding a well-bred powerful horse, which evidently made little of his somewhat unfair weight. 1891 Federal Reporter (U.S.) XLI V. 278 The relief sought is based on the charge that the denomination used is untrue, is calculated to deceive the public, and operates as an unfair and fraudulent competition against the business of the complainants. 1909 H. D. Nims Law Unfair Business Competition 2 Unfair competition .. exists wherever unfair means are used in trade rivalry. 1931 Economist 17 Jan. 103/1 The only recommendation .. is that which would require road hauliers to be licensed.. with a view to eliminating unfair competition in the transport of goods by carriers who do not conform to decent standards of wages and hours. 1963 Observer 3 Nov. 33/1 ‘Unfair competition’ is competition you cannot meet, and ‘free enterprise’ a condition where the Government regulations ensure that you make money. 1983 Economist 5 Feb. 62/1 They deplore the unfair competition between law-abiding and tax-evading firms, and the loss to the State.

b. Of persons, the mind, etc. 1724 Waterland Farther Vind. Christ's Div. ii. §15. 57 Sometimes they complain of me as very unfair to take an Advantage of an Opinion of theirs. 1736 Butler Anal. ll. vi. 315 Opportunity to an unfair mind of explaining away.. that evidence. 1812 Scott Let. to Byron July in Lockhart, I do not know the motive would make me enter into controversy with a fair or an unfair literary critic. 1855 Tennyson Maud I. xiii, Who shall call me ungentle, unfair.

c. spec. Not paying the usual rate of wages. 1886 Pall Mall G. 22 Oct. 10/2 To give their printing contract..to what was known in the trade as an ‘unfair house’. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Vocab., Unfair offices, this term is applied by society hands generally to those printing offices where the existing scale of prices is not recognized.

3. Of the wind; Unfavourable. 1801 in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1845) IV. 299 If the wind proved fair..they should be sent up the harbour, but if unfair, no time would have been lost. 1802 Naval Chron. VIII. 433 The wind being unfair at S.W.

4. Not fitting or corresponding exactly. 1869 Sir E. Reed Shipbuild. xix. 415 That drifting unfair holes would be considered bad work. 1874 Thearle Naval Archit. 58 Great precautions are.. necessary to prevent unfair seams in the subsequent operations of laying the deck.

fun'fair, adv. Obs. [un-^ ii b: cf. prec.] In a rough, disorderly, or untidy manner. at such a lady belirt. 1530 Palsgr. 328^ Unfaythfull of promesse, desloyal. 1549 Cheke Hurt Sedit. Lj, Shall they not truly say the subiectes to be more vnfaithfull in disobedience, than other subiects worse ordered be. 1600 Shaks. A.Y.L. iv. i. 199, I will thinke you the most patheticall breake-promise.. that may bee chosen out of the grosse band of the vnfaithfull. 1620 in Foster Eng. Factories Ind. (1906) I. 209 Theis Pegu factors were fownde to be royotous, vitious and unfaithfull. a 1729 Congreve Ovid's Art of Love iii. 63 The prince so far for piety renown’d. To thee, Eliza, was unfaithful found. 1803 Wellesley in Owen Desp. (1877) 331, I propose to view this transaction as the combined ofifence of two unfaithful servants. 1832 Ht. Martineau Demerara iii. 35, I should be unfaithful if I had ever promised either.

b. transf. Of things. 01586 Sidney Arcadia iii. xii, The unfaythfull armour yeelding to the swoordes strong-guided sharpenesse. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 2 A sea tempestuous and unfaithfull, at an instant incensed with sudden gusts. 1669 Dryden Tyrannic Love I. i, I.. Did first the depth of trembling Marshes sound, And fix’d my Eagles in unfaithful ground. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit. 1. 35 Sea-sand.. is.. unfaithful in supporting great Weights. 1779 Sheridan Monody on Garrick 14 As Fancy, oft,.. Has view’d by shadowy Eve’s unfaithful Gloom, A weeping Cherub on a Martyr’s Tomb. 1831 James Phil. Augustus I. v, One of those people whose lips—those ever unfaithful guardians of the treasures of the heart —are peculiarly apt to murmur.. unconsciously. 1842 Tennyson Love & Duty 91 With quiet eyes unfaithful to the truth.

c. Not following an original, not translating or translated, faithfully; incorrect, inexact. a 1697 Aubrey Lives (1898) II. 174 He was a learned man, .. but is much blamed for his unfaithfull quotations. 1724 A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 163 The Septuagint seems the work both of ignorant and unfaithful Translators. 1776 Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad Introd. 130 The unfaithful and unpoetical version [of the Lusiad] of Fanshaw. 1798 Ferriar Illustr. Sterne, etc. 91 Burton has spoiled this passage by an unfaithful translation. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. IV. 332 An unfaithful interpreter of the sense of the nation. 1W4 Pusey Lect. Daniel 379 To which act this writer probably alluded in his unfaithful paraphrase, ‘chrism shall be removed’.

d. Spec. Not faithful in wedlock. 1828 Webster s.v.. An unfaithful husband or wife. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 147 Galeotto Manfredi,.. having married Francesca Bentivoglio,.. not only was unfaithful to her, but treated her with cruelty.

3. Of conduct: Characterized by want of good faith; not honest or upright. 1565 Cooper s.v. Perfidia, To be deceiued by ones treacherie and vnfaithfull dealing. Ibid. s.v. Infidus, An vnfaithfull league that will not long be kepte. 1651 Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year xxiii. 292 Lying or craftinesse, and unfaithful usages, robs a man of the honour of his soul. 1680 Otway Orphan iv. vi, I might think with Justice most severely Of this unfaithful dealing with your Brother. 1704 Trapp Abra-Mule ll. i. 451 Spies..who for hope Of a Reward, will give the Sultan notice Of such unfaithful

un'faithfulness. [un-* 12.] fl. Lack of faith; infidelity. Obs. 1388 Wyclif 2 Tim. ii. 16 But eschewe thou vnhooli and veyn spechis, for whi tho profiten myche to vnfeithfulnesse. *395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 61 Unfeithful men that shulen be dampnid uttirli.. if thei dien in unfeithfulnesse. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 129 Therof foloweth somtyme infidelite or vnfa\Thfulnes. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. l. 56 Whoso therfore wil beware of this vnfaithfulnesse, let him kepe alwayes in remembrance [etc.].

2. The quality of being unfaithful; lack of good faith or fidelity. C1480 Henryson Test. Cres. 570 Traisting in vther als greit vnfaithfulnes, Als vneonstant, and als vntrew of fay. 1532 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ill. II. 251 As towchinge the onfaythfulnes.. of Father Forest, I dyd wryte of unto my Lady Marcas of Penbroke. 1590 Swinburne Testaments 218 So the legataries and children of the deceased are often defrauded .. by the vnfaithfulnesse of the executor. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N.T. Matt. xxv. 26-27 Unprofitableness and omission of duty, is damnable unfaithfulness in us that are but Stewards and Servants. 1737 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 493 It contains a clear Proof of the Unfaithfullness of a Person in whom Your Majesty has placed a Trust. 1752 Carte Hist. Eng. III. 14 Henry was in the height of his resentment, at the unfaithfulness of his allies. 1842 J. B. Fraser A^eemroo II. 31 If you impute to me any unfaithfulness towards you, I swear that you are deceived. 1881 R. W. Church Cathedral & Univ. Serm. v. (1892) 59 The taint., of insincerities, of treacheries, of unfaithfulnesses to light.

b. spec.

(Cf. unfaithful a. 2d.)

1848 Thackeray Van. Fair Ixvi, Is it unfaithfulness to my husband? I scorn it and defy anybody to prove it. 1851 Froude Short Stud. (1867) II. 191 Nor, again, was unfaithfulness .. conclusively fatal against a wife.

tunfaken, a.-, see un-* 2. unfa'llacious, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) IV. 490 Shutting the door against an article of true and unfallacious evidence.

unfa'llaciously,

(un-' ii.)

1852 Bagehot Lit. Stud. (1879) I. 69 Pope unfallaciously said, ‘Once a heretic, always a heretic’.

un'fallen,/>/>/. a. [un-' 8 b. Cf. G. ungefalien, ON. ufallinn (Norw. dial, ufallen).] 1. Not morally fallen. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. ii. 41 The natures.. of the fallen and unfallen Angels, or good and bad Genii. 1679 J. C(heney] Vind. Oaths ^ Swearing 7 In Paradise it self,.. while man was innocent and unfollen. 1740 Cheyne Regimen 129 This.. must be the Constitution.. of the unfallen angelical State. 1825 Coleridge Aids Refl. (1848) I. 242 We may say, that in the unfallen rational agent, the will constitutes the law. 1848 Kingsley Yeast vi. Who am I to demand her all to myself? Her, the glorious, the saintly, the unfallen! fis- *759 Young Conject. Orig. Composition 60 What we mean by Blank verse, is verse unfallen, uncurst.

2. Not fallen (in literal sense). *735 Somerville Chase i. 116 Fix’d as a mountain ash, that braves the bolts Of angry Jove; tho’ blasted, yet unfall’n. 1878 Gilder Poet ^ Master 29 It was I who behold the sun’s level light strike through the unfallen.. leaves.

Hence un'fallenness. 1876 W. Bathgate Deep Things of God v. 79 A peerless perfect man,—albeit entirely Divine in his unfallenness.

t un'fallible, a. Obs. [un-' 7 and 5 b.] INFALLIBLE a. (Common c 1530-1620.)

=

1529 More Dyaloge i. Wks. 168/2 If ye will.. take a sure and vnfallyble w^ ye must.. beleue and obey the churche. *545 Brinklow Compl. 5 b. It is certen and vnfallible, that if we knock,.. we shal be hard. 1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 82 b, Disposing my selfe to her sweete loue, with an unfallyble, obstinate, and firme resolution. 16x4 Latham Falconry 68 These my friendlie admonitions, being grounded vpon the absolute truth of vnfallible experience. 1653 Blithe Eng. Improver Impr. 145 A very Excellent Unfallible Remedy against Barrenness.

tun'fallibly, adv. Obs. [un-* ii and 5b.] = INFALLIBLY adv. 15A2 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 32 b, A feloe .. who professed .. to bee hable unfallibly .. to ^nd out & iudge the naturall disposicion of any manne. 1567 Drant Horace, Ep. l. i. C iij. The wyseman ames vnfalliblie. X604 Hieron Wks. I. 547 A Christian man may bee vnfallibly certainc of his saluation in his owne conscience. 1642 Rogers Naaman 44 The Lord .. beholds the effecting of the one, in the other, necessarily and unfallibly.

UNFALLID fun'fallid, a.

14 Obs.-'

[un-' 7 and 5 b; see

INFALLID a.] Infallible. 1624 Heywood Captives iv. i. in Bullen O. PI. IV, By these tokens. These of her childhood most unfallid signes, I knowe her for my doughter.

unTallowed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

UNFAST

teach tears of yet unfancy’d falshood. 1840 Browning Sordello i. 232 Till some growth. Unfancied yet, exuberantly clothe A surface solid now. 1922 Daily Mail 3 Nov. 11 By turns the favourite, Flaming Sword, and Solace, a not unfancied 9 to i chance, put up a challenge. 1937 E. Rickman On Gf Off Race-course i. 8 Horses who.. are not seriously expected .. to win, are said to be ‘unfancied’.

1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Plough 102 Why man.. is likened to the Earth, or to the unfallowed Land. 1634 Rainbow Labour (1635) 40 Let not us bee that unfallowed ground where the Divell may sowe his tares. 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 549 Th’ unfallow’d Glebe Yearly o’ercomes the Granaries with Store Of Golden Wheat.

1815 L. Hunt Feast Poets, etc. 48 There is something not inelegant or unfanciful in the conduct of Mr. Hayley’s Triumphs of Temper. 1839 G. Darley Beaum. ^ Fletcher's Wks. (Rtldg.) p. xxiv, Ambitious fustian,.. unfanciful extravagance.

un'falsified, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

un'fankle, t;. Sc. [uN-‘“4b.] trans. To unfetter,

1687 Miege II. S.V., Provided the Account be true and unfalsify’d. 1855 Lewis Cred. Early Rom. Hist. xiv. §2. II. 491 The current story .. has descended .. in a substantially unfalsihed state.

un'faltering,/)^/. a. (un-* 10.) 1727 Thomson Summer 299 With unfaultering accent to conclude That This availeth nought? 1744 Akenside Pleas. Imag. I. 163 Thro’ the tossing tide of chance and pain To hold his course unfaltering. 1825 Scott Betrothed He tells me of it with .. an eye composed, an unfaltering tongue. 1862 ‘Shirley’ (j. Skelton) Nugs Crit. v. 233 The confident and unfaltering witness of the strong man, who goes to the stake with .. a sense of triumph in his heart.

So un'falteringly adv. 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. i. iv. 169 Unfaultringly to traverse Adversitie’s rough ways. 1850 Mrs. Sarah Ellis Pique (1875) 269 Lady Catherine turned away, and., unfalteringly approached the door. 1885 Manch. Exam. 9 Sept. 3/2 A character who is at once vividly human.. and unfalteringly noble.

set free. 1824 Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl. 113 The auld fowk left now closer draw. O’ care their sauls unfankle.

un'fanned, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 222 Their level life is but a mouldering fire, Unquench’d by want, unfann’d by strong desire. 1816 Scott Uld Mort. xxxvii. Their zeal, unfanned by persecution, died gradually away.

unfan'tastic, a. (un-* 7.) 1794 T. Taylor Plotinus Introd. p. xxv. Nature operates without knowledge in an unphantastic manner. 1842 Lytton Zanoni 22 His wife was a daughter of quiet, sober, and unfantastic England. 1871 Palgrave Lyr. Poems 2 That unfantastic strain, Void of weak fever and self-conscious cry,.. What modern hand can try?

unfan'tastical, a. (un-* 7.)

un'farced, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1725 Fam. Diet. s.v. Potage, They may be garnish’d with farc’d or unfarc’d Lettice. 1775 Ash, Unfarced.., not farced, not stuffed. 1890 Child Ballads IV. 232/2 C is a briefer, that is, an unfarced, form of B.

1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. x. H. 25 Some of these comic actors.. are as unfarcical as can be imagined in their interior.

unfa'miliar, a. (un-* 7.)

tun'fardle, v.

1881 Times 17 May 4/6 A multitude of little changes of this kind .. arouse a general sense of unfamiliarness.

unfamili'arity. (un-* 12 and 5 b.) 1755 Johnson Diet. Pref. C2 How shall it be., recalled again.. when it has once by disuse become unfamiliar, and by unfamiliarity unpleasing. 1861 Mill Repr. Govt. (1865) 62/2 The only serious obstacle is the unfamiliarity... But unfamiliarity is a disadvantage which.. it only requires time to remove. 1880 Muirhead Gaius iv. §16 note, An inaccuracy, due.. to his unfamiliarity with a procedure that had become a mere matter of history.

unfa'miliarized,

a. (un-* 8.)

*775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. xcvii. (1783) III. 211 Whenever the eye is struck with scenes to which it is unfamiliarised. 1817 Coleridge Lay Serm. 109 The plan itself would, I suspect, startle an unfamiliarized conscience. 1847-8 De Quincey Protestantism Wks. 1858 VHI. 163 The gay mythologic religion of Greece..; that of Egypt, more revolting to unfamiliarised sensibilities.

un'famous, a. [un-* 7 and 5 b.] 1. Not famous; unrenowned. C1384 Chaucer H. Fame iii. 56 Of the lettres oon or two Was molte away of euery name, So vnfamouse was wox hir fame, a 1560 Phaer jEneid x. Ddab, Let him dwell there, Vnfamous, free from wars, and honourlesse lead out his age. 1980 R. Connolly Sunday Kind of Woman xxiii. 162 The former escort of a couple of unfamous film stars.

t2. Infamous, ill-famed. Obs. C1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 357 Bi pes two unfamous lawes mai men wite whiche ben opir. C1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xlviii. 186 Olde vnfamouse myschaunt, how arte thou soo folyshe..as for to wene to haue her. 1530 Palsgr. 328/1 Unfamouse, yvell named, infame. 1596 D. Black in Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scot. (1678) 337 To compear and answer for certain unreverent, unfamous and undecent speeches.

unfa'natical, a. (un-* 7.) 1826 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) HI. 52 The prudential morals .. that have characterized the unfanatical clergy since the Revolution in 1688. 1828 J. T. Rutt in Burton’s Diary IV. 441 note. The signatures are 164, all quite unfanatical.

un'fanciable, £2. (uN-*7b.) 1669 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 796, I could not hinder myself from saying in unfanciable Transports [etc.].

un'fancied, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 165s Earl Orrery Parthen. i. i. 14 So many unfancy’d joyes disclose themselves. 1771 Kelly Clementina v. 62 Hence with his more than crocodile complaining,.. Let him

un'farcical, a. (un-* 7.)

Obs. [un-^ 4 b.] unload, unburden, discharge.

trans.

To

*599 Nashe Lenten Stuffe H3, Our Fisherman., vnfardled to the King his whole sachel of wonders. 1706 Stevens 1, Desenfardelar, to unfardle, to unpack.

unfare'welled, a. (un-* 9.) 1704 D’Urfey Abrad. ^ Panth. i. 15 The pangs she feels To part unfarwell’d to his gloomy cells. From her lov’d Abradate.

un'faring, ppl. a.

Obs. exc. Sc. Also Sc. 6 onfarrand, 9 on-, unfarrant. [un-* 10.] Unattractive, unpleasant. Also fun'faringly adv. Obs. *5*3 Douglas JEneid ix. ix. 52 Wyth drawin swerd in hand. And quhite targat, onsemly and onfarrand. 1519 Horman Vulg. 57 b, He went with an vnfaryng chere [L. vultu abducto]. Ibid., He loked vnfaryngly [L. truci fuit aspectu]. C1530 tr. Erasmus' Serm. Ch. fesus (1901) 38 So that it, whiche a lytle to fore semed unfarynge, waxeth amyable; whiche semed amyable, waxeth vnfarynge. 1818 Hogg Hunt of Eildon ii, O, man, ye’re an unfarrant beast! 1887 Suppl. Jamieson 179 An orfarant body.

unfarme, var. unferme a. Obs. un'farming,/)p/. a. (un-* 10.) *797 J- Whitaker in Polwhele Trad. ^ Recoil. (1826) II. 469, 1 have had cares and anxieties,.. that you un-farming divines can hardly conceive.

unfarrant. Sc. variant of unfaring ppl. a. un'farrowed,

1648 Boyle Seraph. Love (1659) 158 As Unfashionable as such a Profession may seem in a Gentleman not yet two and Twenty. 1693 Locke Educ. §70 All the Actions of Childishness, and unfashionable Carriage, and whatever Time and Age will of it self be sure to reform. 1759 Johnson Idler No. 48 (^8 They give the mind an unfashionable cast. 1776 Adam Smith W.N. i. ix. (1869) I. loi It is there [re. in Holland] unfashionable not to be a man of business. *843 Bethune Sc. Fireside Stor. 16 She had herself been bred in the country where unfashionable revels of this kind are quite common. 4. Of persons: Not following the current

fashion; not living in a fashionable way. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 340 These unfashionable Doctors had mind on nothing but to satisfie their insatiable avarice. 1693 Congreve in Dryden's Juvenal xr. (1697) 290 Then, that Unfashionable Man am I, With me they’d starve for want of Ivory. 1704 Steele Tender Husb. V. i, Let me come at the intruder on ladies’ private hours—the unfashionable monster! 1766 [Anstey] Bath Guide i. 70 When Sim, unfashionable Ninny, In public calls me Cousin Jenny. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. i. ix. They sat side by side, a hopelessly Unfashionable pair. 1890 Spectator 16 Aug., Far from the madding crowd of fashionable or unfashionable society,

b. sb.

[1775 Ash.] 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 334 In any common-sense and unfantastical view of the matter.

1606 Shaks. Tr. & Cr. ii. ii. 159 There’s.. none so Noble, Whose life were ill bestow’d, or death vnfam’d. Where Helen is the subiect. 1724 A. Hill Prol. to Savage's Sir T. Overbury p. xi, Young, and unfam’d, and but by Hope inspir’d. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 346 Thus laid aside, untamed here let him pass His life. 1887 Hissey Holiday on Road 156 Some few whose names and deeds will dwell a little longer than the unfamed rest.

Hence unfa'miliarness.

3. Of actions, conduct, etc.: Not in accordance with the prevailing fashion.

un'fanciful, a. (un-* 7.)

un'famed,/>/>/. a. (un-* 8.)

1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. i. §2 The matters which we handle seeme by reason of newnesse.. darke, intricate, and vnfamiliar. 1648 Herrick Hesper., Oberons Feast 4 Because thou prizest things that are Curious, and unfamiliar. 01698 Locke Cond. Underst. §32 (1754) 127 Abstruse and unfamiliar ideas which the mind is not yet thoroughly accustomed to. 1753 Warton Obs. Spenser's F.Q. 141 It must be confest that his uncouth or rather unfamiliar language has deterr’d many from perusing him. 1829 Lytton Devereux iii. vi. His face did not seem unfamiliar to me. 1848 Dickens Dombey xlix, Looking without interest or recognition at the unfamiliar walls around her. 1891 Farrar Darkn. ^ Dawn xli, When Onesimus recovered full consciousness he did not recognise his unfamiliar surroundings.

was of stature tall, of complexion pale and wan, of body somewhat grosse and vnfashionable. 1638 Strafford Lett. (1739) II. 197 The Pikes short and ill-headed, their Arms unfashionable and very little good. 1663 Cowley Cutter Coleman St. Pref., The slight Reparations.. of an Old and unfashionable Building.

a. (un-^ 4, 8.)

1842 Tennyson Walking to Mail 92 We took them all, till she was left.., the Niobe of swine, And so return’d unfarrow’d to her sty.

un'fashion, 56. (un-* 12.) 1822 Galt iSir A. Wylie xxv, I have fallen in, notwithstanding the unfashion of my apparel, with some creditable acquaintance. 1876 Miss Yonge Womankind \\n, Sunday-schools were the fashion of one generation, then the unfashion.

un'fashion, v. [un-^ 4.] trans. To undo the fashion or make of. 1569 J. Sanford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 170b, They rente our Sauioure Christe in peeces,.. and .. do facion and vnfacion him vnto what forme they liste. 1580 Lupton Sivqila 23 Man.. doth so disorder and unfashion himselfe, that you wyll not take hym that was laste yeare, to be hymselfe thys yeare. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. ii. §10 They to curry fauour with the Normans.. altogether vnfashioned themselues to imitate them. 1631 Quarles Samson Wks. (Grosart) II. 149/1 Our sinfull usage does unfashion What heaven hath made, and makes a new creation.

un'fashionable, a. and sb. [un-* 7 b, 5 b.] fl. Incapable of being fashioned or shaped; not admitting of a material form, Obs. *563 Man Musculus' Commonpl. ah They doe sinne in that they set forth to the invisible and unfashionable God an image of an olde rnan with a hore beard. 1^7 Hieron Wks. I. 236 Thou, beeing a builder, when a stone breakes or is vnfashionable, throwest it from thee.

t2. Badly shaped or formed. Obs. *594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, i. i, 22 Scarse halfe made vp. And that so lamely and vnfashionable. That dogges barke at me, as I halt by them. i6ii Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. v. §6. 58 He

An unfashionable person.

1822 [Lady Blessington] Magic Lantern 19 The crowds .. tempted me to stroll into that gay rendezvous of fashionables, as well as unfashionables. 1831 Westm. Rev. XIV. 436 The fashionables are almost uniformly witty and agreeable, the unfashionables stupid and disagreeable.

Hence un'fashionableness. 1693 Locke Educ. § 184 Natural Unfashionableness being much better than apish, affected Postures. 1884 Contemp. Rev. July 102 All that people will see in this latter sort of work.. will be its shapelessness, plus its unfashionableness.

un'fashionably, adv. [un-^ ii.] In an unfashionable manner; at variance with the prevailing fashion; so as to be unfashionable. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 122 Assuredly more there was of this Song, or else she had with her vnframed and vnfashioned thoughts, as vnfashionably fram’d these lines. 1683 Oldham Wks. (1686) 99 That sniveling Puritan, who spite of all the mode Would be unfashionably good, a 1704 T. Brown tr. Sylvius' Death Lucretia Wks. 1709 III. ii. 84 At thy Work among thy Maids unfashionably busy. 1797 J. Lawrence in Monthly Mag. XLVIII. 490, I..am most unfashionably unacquainted with all.. the great post-roads and cross-roads. 1871 Figure Training 50 Her waist is not only unfashionably, but.. almost disproportionately large.

un'fashioned, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not wrought into form or shape. 1538 Elyot, Ineffigiatus, vnfacyoned, withoute good proporcyon. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. 38 When Moses sheweth that the very vnfashioned lump [of the world] was susteined in him [^c. the Spirit]. *635 Donne Elegy XV. 97 Countlesse multitudes Of formlesse curses, projects unmade up. Abuses yet unfashion’d. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. bj. Go forth, thou shapeless Embryon of my Brain, Unfashion’d as thou art. 1712 Spect. No. 554 [f9 Many a good natural Genius is lost, or lies unfashioned, like aJewelintheMine. 1764 Goldsm. Trou. 330 see the lords of human kind pass by.., By forms unfashion’d, fresh from Nature’s hand. 1848 T. Aird Winter Day, Evening 24 A cloudy confluence of unfashioned light.

,1

t2. Not refined or polished; not made elegant or fashionable: a. Of persons. Obs. 1606 Daniel Queen's Arcadia 2509 Worthier people too, of subtler spirits, Then these vnfashion’d and vneomb’d rude swaines. 1673 Dryden Marr. a la Mode 11. i. An unfashioned untravelled mere Sicilian is a bete. 1711 Steele Spect. No. 154 fP2 A sober modest Man was always looked upon by both Sexes as a precise unfashioned Fellow. 1821 Mar. & R. L. Edgeworth Mem. I. 75 She was a plump goodnatured unfashioned girl, with little knowledge of any sort and no accomplishments,

fb. Of things.

06^.

1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Water Cormorant Wks. iii. 6/2 That Muld-Sack for his most vnfashion’d fashions Is the fit patterne of their transformations. 1670 Dryden ist Pt. Conq. Granada iii. i, There’s something roughly noble there. Which, in unfashion’d Nature, looks Divine. *695 J. Edwards Perfect. Script. 436 Illiterate, blunt, unfashion’d language.

un'fast, a. Now rare. Also 4 unfest(e. [OE. unfsest (uN-‘ 7), = WFris. on-, {infest, MDu. and Du. onvast, MHG. unvast, MDa. ufast-, OHG. unfesti, -vesti (MHG. unveste, G. unfest).] 1. Insecure. c888 K. ..Alfred Boeth. xi. §2 For Fasm pe semper is unfxst, je seo wyrd je seo jesslS. C897-Gregory's Past. C. 37. 1300 E.E. Psalter xvii. 40 )>ou tobreddest mi gainges under me, And mi steppes noght unfest pai be. Ibtd. xxvi. 4 Mi faas pat are, bai are unfest and felle sare. 13 .. Prose Psalter cviii. 23 (Dubl. MS.), Myn knowes beb vnfast for fastyng. c 1584 T. Mathew Let. in Life Sir C. Hatton (1S47) 407 You be not the first. Sir,.. that have found both friends unfast and neighbours unthankful. 1818 Todd, Unfast, not safe; not secure. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. xiv. 45 Ah, could he but have rent shame’s unfast cloak. And seen her heart. a

2. Not close or tight. 1648 Hexham ii. s.v. Leken, To Leake as unfast Vessels.

Hence un'fastness, want of firmness,

rare.

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cl. (Bodl. MS.), bat treen bep scharp with pikes & pomes.. comep of vnfastenes & vnsadnes of pe tre. 1616 T. Adams Forest of Thorns Wks.

UNFAST

unfavourable

15

(1629) 1055 Hee would haue it [sc. thornincss] caused by the insoliditie and vnfastncsse of the Tree.

ofaderelik; also OE. unfsederltce adv.] fitting a father.

t un'fast, i'. dial. Obs. [i n-* 3.] = next.

1621 J. Taylor (Water P.) Unnatural Father Wks. (1630) 138/1 So hee performed his last vnfatherly deed vpon her. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 209 To trie, if by his vnfatherly tortures, shee may bee wrought to leaue louing you. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 866 Nature, pulling at thine heart. Condemns th’ unfatherly, th’ imprudent part. 1944 S. Bellow' Dangling Man 20 It might be considered unmanly or unfatherly to fall sick.

1684 Meriton Yorksh. Ale Gloss. 112 To unfest is to untye or unloose.

unTasten, v. Also 4 onvestne, 5 onfestyn. [uN-* 3 and 7.] 1. trans. a. To unfix; to deprive of firmness or fixity; to make loose or slack. Also absol. er opren so by-swykeh, No mo3e hy nou3t onuestne. C1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. cxxvi. (1869) 67 The bode holt and keepeth faste the girdel that it vnfastne nouht. 1865 Swinburne Atalanta 91 From this time .. My lips shall not unfasten till I die. 1963 [see depressurize t;.].

un'fastenable, a. (un-‘ 7 b.) 1880 Blackvj. Mag. Mar. unfastenable in a moment.

377/1

A

belt

not

always

un'fastened, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1587 Golding De Mornay xxiii. 401 The Image of Serapis hung vnfastened in the ayre. 1611 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. (1614) 132/2 An Hand that removeth from place to place, as the winde forceth her spongeous and unfastened body. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xlii, She asked the housekeeper whether she was certain no door had been left unfastened. 1861 Geo. Eliot Silas M. iv, Where could he be..on such an evening, leaving, .his door unfastened? 1897 Mrs. E. L. Voynich Gadfly (1904) 69/2 The unfastened sleeve fell back, showing a series of..scars covering the arm.

unfa'stidious, a. (un-' 7.) 1815 Jane Austen Emma x, So prosing—so undistinguishing and unfastidious. 1822 Lamb Elia i. Decay of Beggars, Well fare the soul of unfastidious Vincent Bourne! 1865 Sat. Rev. 4 Feb. 141/2 An unfastidious taste is not offended by its style.

Hence unfa'stidiousness. 1881 Grant White Eng. Without ^ Within 476 None the less, however, was I puzzled to account for the unfastidiousness of palate.

un'fathered, a.* [un-‘ 9.] 1. Having no (known or acknowledged) father; illegitimate. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 122 The people feare me: for they doe obserue Vnfather’d Heires, and loathly Births of Nature. 1726 Pope Odyss. xix. 187 Thy port asserts thee of distinguish’d race; No poor unfather’d product of disgrace. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh vii. 327 Marian’s babe, her poor unfathered child. 1874 Trollope Lady Anna i, She would be a penniless unmarried female with a daughter, her child would be unfathered and base.

2. Unfatherly.

rare^'.

1778 Langhorne Owen of Carron XVIII. 2 And Moray, with unfather’d Eyes,.. Attends his human Sacrifice, Without the Grecian Painter’s Veil.

Unbe¬

Hence un'fatherliness. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. xxv. III. 285 No hell. No unfatherliness. No monstrous exactions of assent to the incredible.

un.fathoma'bility. (un-^ 12; cf. next.) 1866 Carlyle Remin. (1881) II. 331 To my private self his divine reflections and unfathomabilities seemed stinted.. and uncertain.

un'fathomable, a. [un-* 7 b.] 1. yig. Of feelings, qualities, conditions, etc.: Incapable of being fully ascertained, explored, exhausted, etc. 1617 Collins Def. Bp. Ely ii. ix. 404 Who are you then to gage hearts, which Hieremy sayes are vnfaddomable. 1663 Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xxvii, Thy Goodness is unfathomable, else we should have sunk long before this beyond the depth of it. 1719 Young Busiris v. i, An earnest Of vast unfathomable woes to come. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (i 834) I. 119 What their real sentiments may be I shall not pretend to guess, for they are an unfathomable sort of people. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) II. 315 Subjected to an unfathomable mass of punishment. 1850 Thackeray Pendennis iv, Her eyes., shone with tenderness and mystery unfathomable. 1891 Meredith One of our Conq. xxvi. Lady Cantor spoke to her of Dudley’s unfathomable gloom.

2. Incapable of being fathomed or measured; unsoundable, immeasurable, vast; a. Of space (esp. in depth). />/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1810 Crabbe Borough HI. 38 Who sought a readier way the heart to move Than by faint dalliance of unfixing love.

un'fixity. (un-^ 12.) 1856 Bagehot Biog. Studies (1880) 19 A certain unfixity of opinion.

un'fLagged, ppl. a. (un-^ 8 and flag v.^) 1608 Heywood Lucrece

v. vii. Yet grow our lofty plumes

unflagg’d with blood.

un'flagging, pp/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1715 South Serm. IV. i. 4 With a continued, unflagging Vigor of Expression, i860 Froude Hist. Eng. VI. 395 A purpose .. which he pursued with unflagging energy. 1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon 11. 347 Her unflagging spirits were a great consolation.

So un'flaggingly adv. 1858 Lit. Churchman 15 May 186/2 A hundred pages, in which the ‘view’ of this writer is unflaggingly pursued. 1883 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 331 Forces that are constantly and unflaggingly at work.

t unfiain,/)/>/. a. Obs. [un-* 8 b.] = unflead ppl. a. C1320 Sir Tristr. 468 Bond lip a best vnflayn, Atire it as pou wold, i486 Bk. St. Albans eiij, Ye shall vndo hym vnflayne when he shall be dight.

un'flaky, a. (un-^ 7.) 1675 Han. Woolley Gentlew. Comp.

162 Green ginger;..

the better sort is unfleaky.

un'flame, v. (un-^ 4.) 1635 Quarles Embl. iii. Prol. 22 Where neither.. doubt afflicts, nor baser fear Unflames your courage in pursuit.

un'flaming,/>/>/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1644 Nye Gunnery xlvi. (1647) ii. 24 Dispart your peece with a lighted and unflaming wax candle.

doubtful.

un'flanked, ppl. a.

1650 R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Wars 1. 6 Neither gold, ..nor the noise of War, ..could any way unfix his mind. X663 J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 211 Now one Negative instance will appear.. of far more force to unfix a pretending Rule, then two Affirmative to establish it. 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. xxvi. Wks. (1834) 548/2 By unfixing those motives which promote exertion, or by relaxing those habits which engender patient industry. X849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. viii. II. 322 The shock which had overturned his early prejudices had at the same time unfixed all his opinions.

1553 Brende Q. Curtius iii. 25 It was the thing that he doubted moste, that they., should inuade the open side of his battaile whiche lay vnflancked towardes them. 1756 Home Douglas iii. iii. 40 Water-wafted armies, whose chief strength Lies in firm foot, unflank’d with warlike horse. 1870 Milit. Engineering I. v. 333 The points selected for assault should be, if possible, unflanked parts of the work.

3. intr. To become unfixed; to lose fixity. 1844 Hood Forge ii. 417 But the ruthless talons refuse to unfix. X863 Reade Hard Cash II. 57 As the blood escaped, his eye unfixed, and the pupils contracted and dilated.

un'fixable, a. (un-^ 7 b.) 1831 T. Hope Ess. Orig. Man I. 26 The fleeting perceptions of that fugitive and unfixable present. X832 Coleridge Self-knowledge 7 Dark fluxion, all unfixable by thought.

un'fixed, ^/)/. a. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not fixed in a definite place or position; unfastened, loose, free. X598 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iv. Columnes 131 The Criticall and double-sexed Seven, The Number of th’ unfixed Fires of Heav’n. 1660 Jer. Taylor Ductor i. iii. rule i. §5 It is like a fire-stick, which . .being gently mov’d gives

(un-^ 8.)

un'flappable, a. colloq. [uN-^7b.] Not subject to nervous excitement or anxiety; imperturb¬ able. *958 Observer 27 July ii/i Six months ago even the unflappable Mr. Macmillan had his doubts and sometimes asked in bewilderment what he was doing wrong. 1963 Times 27 May 4/5 The Stowe captain looked a neat and unflappable batsman, and his 41 out of 62 was the yard-stick of his value to the team. 1973 ‘B. Mather’ Snowline iv. 47 He was a senior policeman, and as such deemed to be unflappable. 1980 L. Birnbach et al. Official Preppy Handbk. 2^/2 Charm is the Preppy’s suit of armor, the facade of unflappable gentility. 1984 Listener 20-27 Dec. 48/1 In other economic areas Japan appears equally unflappable, and with reason.

Hence unflappability; un'flappably adv. 1959 Economist 30 May 823/2 The Prime Minister.. has no doubt been reflecting on the virtues of the legend of unflappability. 1965 C. Fremlin/eo/oui One xxi. 169 The confident unflappability of the one who doesn't actually

UNFLATTENED

21

have to make the journey. 1966 Guardian 19 Aug. 8/6 An omission unflappably repaired by the BBC’s music library. 1971 Ibid. 9 Sept. 9/6 Catering apparently unflappably for whole houses full of actors. 1^2 J. Elliott Country of her Dreams i. 14 Nicholas .. had been roped in .. as nanny to the British delegation .. for his unflappability.

un'flattened. ppl. a.

(un-* 8.)

[1775 Ash.] 1884 M'^Laren Spinning 178 Four feet of yarn in its natural state unrubbed and unflattened.

un'flatterable. a.

1611 Shaks. Wint. T. i. ii. 78 In those vnfledg’d dayes, was my Wife a Girle. 1760-72 H. Brooke Foo7 of Qual. (1809) III. 134, I am but as a bird from the nest, and this is the first of my unfledged excursions. 1809 Malkin Gil Bias X. X. If 42 My unfledged youth might lead him to take me for some graceless little truant. i88i World 28 Dec., She has lost the innocence of unfledged girlhood.

7 b.)

(un-*

D. Cawdrey Commission for Assise (1641) 9 Such as Chrysippus would have all earthly Judges: Incorrupt, unflatterable. 1647 Trapp Comm. Matt. xxii. 16 He was inadulabilis, unflatterable.

un'fleece, v. (un-=* 4.) 1609 Dekker Ravens Aim. D2 The Clergie.. shall haue thin cheekes, for euerie body shall fleece or rather vnfleece them.

(uN-* 8.) i. (Arb.) 47 Time mocks our youth; and .. brings us to unflattered age. Ibid. ii. 76 Retir’d like Princes from the noise of men, To breath a while unflatter’d. 1742 Young Nt. Th. ii. 631 In vaults, thin courts of poor unfiatter’d kings. 1789 T. Twining Aristotle's Treat. Poetry 352 The unsoftened and unflattered character of Achilles. 1845 Darwin in F. Darwin Life (1887) I. 333 At which I ought to be much flattered and unflattered. 1634 Habington Castara

un'flattering,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 62 They that delight in Poesie it selfe, should .. looke themselues in an vnflattering Glasse of reason. 1651 Sherburne Salmacis 283 The Neighbouring Lake,.. In whose unflattering Mirrour, every Mom, She Counsell takes how best her self t’adorn. 1704 Norris Ideal World 11. iii. 257 A faithful and unflattering representation of his beloved object. 1823 BYRONjuan ix. x, To you the unflattering Muse deigns to inscribe Truths, that you will not read in the Gazettes. 1873 H. Rogers Orig. Bible ii. (1875) 9^ ^ P^an so unflattering to man’s selfrighteousness.

So un'flatteringly adv. 1874 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 246 Our most popular poet., unflatteringly compares them to ‘broken lights’.

un'flawed, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1665 Hooke Microgr. 97 A very solid and unflaw’d piece of deer white Marble. 1817 Scott Harold vi. vii. Firm was that faith, —as diamond stone Pure and unflaw’d. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. ix. §7 Furnishing light, broad, and unflawed pieces to serve for slates upon the roof.

tun'flead, ppl. a. Obs.

[un-‘ 8

+ flea

flay i).]

Not flayed or skinned. 1580 Blundevil Horsemanship iii. 32 b, Two sheepesheads vnfleade. 1647 Herrick Noble Numb.., Thanksgiving for House 22 A little Byn, Which keeps my little loafe of Bread Unchipt, unflead. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. x. 142 Such a beardlesse boy as the unflead goatheard.

unflechand: see

unfliching

un'flecked, ppl. a.

ppl. a. Obs.

(un-' 8.)

1865 J. Thomson Sunday up River vi. iii, White-robed, my own white dove un-flecked. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sq. 4 Although the upper sky was still unflecked with vapour.

un'fledge, v.

(un-^

4.)

1598 Florio, Spennacchiare,. .Xo vnfeather, to vnfledge, to vnplume. 1809 Malkin Gil Bias x. x. If 33 For fear he should unfledge me, by taking away my livery.

fun'fledge, a. Obs.

[un-'

7.] = next.

tr. Seneca's Plays Pref., Mine I confess to be an unflidge nestling, unhable to flye. 1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 570 The nightingales instruct their yoong birds in song, insomuch as those which be taken unfledge out of the nest,.. never afterwards sing so well. 1581 Newton

un'fledged^ ppl. a.

Also 7-8 unfletch’d, 7 unfletcht. [uN-^ 8.] 1. Not yet furnished or covered with feathers; callow; unfeathered. Also in fig. context. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. iii. iii. 27 We poore vnfledg’d Haue neuer wing’d from view o’ th’ nest. 1717 Poem Birthday K. George, Now boldly dare. With unfletch’d Wings, Nobly to soar. 1752 Foote Taste i. i. This superannuated Beldame gapes for flattery, like a nest of unfledg’d crows for food. 1821 Scott Kenilw. ix. The two-legged and unfledged ^ecies called mankind. 1890 Science-Gossip XXVI. 19/2, Two unfledged birds lying dead at the base of the wall. b.

poet.

Of an arrow:

. 2.

= unfeathered a

1752 Young Brothers ii. i. Nor can he feather there his unfledg’d shaft But from ambition’s wing.

2. Of things: Not fully developed; still in a crude or imperfect state. 1615 Brathwait Strappado (1878) 50 You that, .betake to worser parts Your vnfledg’d fancies. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V, xxxvii, Vnfledg’d Witt Imp’t from the ragged Sarcill Chaucer drop’t. 1790 Sir J. Reynolds in Leslie & Taylor Life ^ Times (1865) II. x. 592 Newly hatched, unfledged opinions. 1851 Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. ii. 270 Alas, poor people, of an unfledged will!

3. Of persons: Immature, inexperienced, undeveloped in knowledge, etc. i. iii. 65 But doe not dull thy palme, with entertainment Of each vnhatch’t, vnfledg’d Comrade. 1669 Dryden Prol. to Wild Gallant reviv'd 14 By such degrees, while knowledge he did want. Our unfietch’d Author writ a Wild Gallant. 1712 Addison Spect. No. 305 If 15 This Society of unfledged Statesmen, ij^gjunius Lett. XXV. (1788) 159 The unfledged race of ensigns, who infest our streets. 1824 Doyle in Fitz-Patrick Life (1880) I. 314 To stare with wonder.. at what appears strange only because it is unknown to some unfledged traveller or essayist. x6o2 Shaks. Ham.

4. Pertaining to, characteristic of, youth and inexperience.

un'floatable, a.

(un-* 7 b.) 1880 ‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abr. I, 231 The floating of iron cable-chains and other unfloatable thin«. 1884 Ld. Blackburn in Latv Rep. 9 App. Cases 409 That natural impediment renders the stream at that spot practically unfloatable.

un'flock,

i;. (uN-*6b.) 161X Florio, Disgreggidre, to scatter, to vnflocke. 1778 H. Brooke Contending Brothers v. vi. It were pity that birds of such a feather should be unflock’d.

un'floor,

1640

un'flattered, ppl. a.

UNFOILED

un'fleeced, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) C1825 Moore Country Dance ^ Quad. 98 Yet unfleeced by funding blockheads, Happy John Bull.. had .. ‘Money in both pockets’. un'fieeting,/>/)/. a. (un-* 10.) a 1640 Jackson Creed x. iii. § i The original controversy .. plainly propounded in constant or unfleeting terms. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 49 Painting,.. whose magic-gifted hand Can .. raise unfleeting visions of the past. un'flenched. ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1820 ScORESBY Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 32 Leaving one ship with .. two whales and a half unnenched. un'flesh, v. [un-* 4.] trans. To strip of flesh. Hence un'fleshing vbl. sb. 1598 Florio, Scarnare, to vnflesh, to pare the flesh from the bones. i6ii Ibid., Scarnatura, any vnfleshing. 1683 E. Hooker Pordage's Mystic Div. Pref. 25 When the inexorable Messenger.. shal come .. and uncloath and unflesh him too. 1894 Baring-Gould Deserts S. France I. 190 A body had been deliberately unfleshed before it was laid in its last habitation. un'fieshed,ppZ. a.' [un-* 8 + flesh?;.] Not yet stimulated by tasting flesh; fig., untried, inexperienced, new. Also absol. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 280, I wil never present an hoste unto y« high capitaine of Roome.. unfleashed on their enemies. 1611 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. 125/1 Some..who (like unflesht souldiers) gaue ouer their enterprise without further hope. 1635-56 Cowley Davideis lii. 499 With some less Foe thy unflesht valour try. 1692 Dryden Cleomenes v. ii. As a generous, unfleshed hound, that hears From far the hunters’ horn and cheerful cry. 1748 Richardson Clarissa VII. 409, I am no unfleshed novice; this [duel] is a sport, that .. I love as well as my food. 1833 Lytton Godolphin 8 Percy’s heart was full of enterprise and the unfleshed valour of inexperience. 1895 Meredith Amazing Marriage ix. Customary phrases of the unfleshed in folly. un'fleshed, ppl. a.*

[f. unflesh v., or un-* 8.]

a. Stripped of flesh, b. Not covered with flesh. 1607 W. Barksted Mirrha D 4 b. Nor let the dead repine, .. let the vnflesht thronges.. be glad. 1795 Southey Vis. Maid Orleans i. 99 Behold this skull. These eyeless sockets, and these unflesh’d jaws. 1864 Lowell Fireside Trav., At Sea, May it be long before Professor Owen is comforted with the sight of his unfleshed vertebrae. un'fleshly, a. (un-* 7.) *^34 J- H. Newman in Brit. Mag. Aug. 156 Our ample choir of holiest souls Are followers of the unfleshly seraphim. 1855 Pusey Doctr. Real Presence 335 For if some unfleshly quality of a body be opposed to us, surely .. it will not have blood. 1861 Reade Cloister H. 1, Those unfleshly eyes, with which they say the very air is thronged. Hence un'fleshliness. 01859 DeQuincey Posth. Wks. (1891) I. 186 Without the idea of holiness and unfleshliness, eternity.. cannot sustain itself.

V. (un-* 4.) 1589 Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie in. xix. (Arb.) 230 They beate downe the walles, they vnfloored the loftes, they vntiled it. i6ix Cotgr., Desplanche,.. ynHoored, or, whose floore is taken vp.

un'floored, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1816 in Hone Every-day Bk. (1825) I. 572 The upper story is unfloored. 1897 Daily News 26 Nov. 8/5 A tiny unfloored, corrugated iron shanty. un'floured, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1795 in Spirit Pub.Jrnls. IV. 229 With surly face and head unflour’d.

un'flourished, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. aj b, Adam the begynnyng of man kynde was as a stokke vnsprayde and vnfloreshed.

un'flourishing,/)p/. a.

(un-* io.) 1782 Baker Biog. Dramatica III. 92 The Edinburgh theatre, at that time in no unflourishing condition.

un'flower, v.

(un-* 4.) 1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Viet. l. Ixxxv, Bring.. all your silver flaskets,.. That I may soone unflow’r your fragrant baskets. To strowe the fields with odours.

un'floweredf ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1648 Hexham ii, Ongebloemt, vnflowred, or without Flowers. 1775 Ash, Unflowered.., not flowered, not ornamented with flowers.

un'flown,/)/>/. a.

(un-* 8 b.) [1775 Ash.] 1791 CowpER Iliad iv. 137 He chose a dart Unflown, full-fledged. 1969 Guardian 13 Feb. 1/8 The backlog of unflown flights was, of course, appalling.

b. absol. 1913 A. E. Berriman Aviation p. xxi. Today, the great unflown is divided into two camps... ‘I should love to go up.’.. ‘Not I, at any price.’

un'fluctuating,

ppZ. a. (un-* io.) 1723 Blackmore Alfred iv. 129 In the Steerage they preside. And, tho’ in Storms, unfluctuating guide The agitated State. 1823 De Quincey Lett. Educ. i. i That you had the priceless blessing of unfluctuating health. 1858 Norton Topics 243 The tax must be.. unfluctuating in amount. 1896 N. Amer. Rev. Dec. 743 A sound unfluctuating currency.

un'fluent, a.

(un-* 7.) 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas i. vi. 29 Poure vpon my faint vn-fluent tongue The sweetest hunnie of th’ Hyantian Fount. 1659 O. Walker Instruct. Oratory 25 The first making the language dull and slow; the other,.. abrupt, and unfluent.

un'flurried,

p/>/. a. (un-* 8.) 1854 Cdl. Wiseman Fabiola (1855) 287 She completed, unflurried, the preparations for supper.

un'flush, V. (un-* 7.) 1866 M. Arnold Thyrsis xvii. The west unflushes, the high stars grow bright. un'flushed, ppl.

a.* [un-* 8

un'fleshy. a. (un-* 7.) 1612 J. Davies (Heref.) Muse's Sacr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 13/1 At gastly Deaths vnfleshy feet.

game: Not driven up.

fun'flet. pp/. a. Obs.-' (un-* 8b + fleet?;.*) 1688 R. Holme Armoury iii. 335/1 Dairy People.. make .. Flet and unflet Milk Cheese.

un'fiushed, ppl.

unfletch’d, obs. var. unfledged. fun'flexible, a. Obs. [un-* 7 and sb.] = INFLEXIBLE a. 01586 Sidney Arcadia in.- xv, Falsly accounting an unflexible anger, a couragious constancie. i6ii Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. IX. viii. §44. 498 Seeing the Pope vnflexible, and vnsensible of so many Christians calamitie. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. (1867) 152 Some spirits are unfixed and volatile... Others are tenacious and unflexible. t un'fliching, ppl. a. Obs. [un-* io.] Unflinching. a 1340 Hampole Psalter ii. 9 Jjou sail gouern l?aim.. in stabile and vnflichand [v.r. unflechande] rightwisnes. un'flickering, ppZ. a. (un-* io.) 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iii. 173 With fixed unflickering outline of dead heat. 1884 Pall Mall G. 23 June 16/2 A steady and unflickering light. un'flinching, pp/. a. (un-* io.) 1728 Morgan Algiers II. v. 315 The Valour and Resolution of the unflinching Knights. 1814 Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxvi. Unflinching foot ’gainst foot was set. 1846 Mrs. a. Marsh Father Darcy II. ix. 145 A fresh element of resolute, unflinching, persevering determination. 1882 Macm. Mag. XLV. 372 Yet he is.. determinedly persevering, unflinching as a foe. Hence unflinchingly adv. 1833 Coleridge Table-t. 5 Feb., Oh! for a great man., who could.. unflinchingly put it into act! 1879 Chr. G. Rossetti Seek & F. 236 The more unflinchingly we abide by this truth, the keener will our spiritual faculty become.

+

flush

?;.*

2.] Of

1769 Stratford Jubilee I. i, There will be rare poaching for experienced sportsmen among unflush’d game. a.* [un-* 8 + flush ?;.*]

Not

flushed in colour. [1775 Ash.] i860 Ld. Lytton Lucile ii. i. §16. 4 That pale cheek for ever by passion unflush’d. 1868 H. Bushnell Moral Uses Dark Th. (1869) 217 We see it in a laying out of white, unflushed by mortal sympathy.

un'fluted, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1843 Civil Eng. ^ Arch.Jrnl. VI. 270/2 The columns are unnuted. 1854 tr. Hettner's Athens & Peloponnese 46 Pieces of friezes,.. and unfluted drums of pillars.

un'flutterable, a.

(uN-*7b.)

1871 Mrs. Whitney Real Folks viii. unflutterable gray bonnet calmly horizontal.

The

quiet,

un'fluxile, a.

(un-* 7.) 1757 tr. Henckel's Pyritol. unfluxile earth.

349

Crude,

unmetallic,

un'foaled, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1863 Miss Braddon Aurora Floyd xiii. Winning future Derbys.. with colts that are as yet unfoaled.

un'foed, a.

(un-* 9.) 1586 Warner Alb. Eng. iii. xviii, Augustus.. was Emperour alone; In whose unfoed Monarchic our comon health was known.

un'foiled, ppl. a.*

[un-* 8 + foil ?;.*] 11. Not injured, marred, or impaired. Obs. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1595) 242 When the golden and vnfoiled age remained yet whole.. at Rome, a 1640 Jackson Creed x. viii. §3 The Naturalist.. hunts after the truth with fresh unfoiled scent. 1691 Ray Creation ii. (1692) 22 To let in [to the eye] the Light and Colors unfoiled and unsophisticated by any inward Tincture.

2. Not overcome, beaten, or baffled.

22

UNFOILED 1587 T. Hughes Misfort. Arthur v. i. ^ i For had impatient ire indu’rde abuse,.. I mought haue liu a in forreine coastes vnfoilde. 1600 Sir F. Vere Comm. 93 Their footmen (which were old trained souldiers, and to that day unfoiled in the field). 1672 Temple Ess., Govt. Wks. 1720 I. 107 The usurped Powers.. thought themselves secure in the Strength of an unfoiled Army of above Sixty Thousand Men.

tun'foiled, ppl. a.^ Obs. Unploughed.

[un-* 8 + foil

i6ii COTGR., Terre vierge, ground that is whole or vnfoyled; good ground that was neuer plowed.

unfoiled,/)/>/. [un-* 8 + foili'.''] Not coated or backed with foil. 1640 in Entick London (1766) II. 165 Glass-plates, or sights for looking-glasses, unfoiled. 1731 Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 155 The second Speculum may have a Part unfoil’d. 1761 Ibid. LII. 561 By reflexion from the unfoiled part of the speculum.

un'fold, v.'^ Forms: i unfealdan, 3 unuolden, 3-6 un-, vnfolde (5 onfolde), 4- unfold (4-7 vn-), 6-7 vnfould; 5 north. vnfald(e, 6, 8 Sc. unfauld. [OE. unfealdan (f. un- UN-* + fealdan fold = MDu. and Du. ontvouden, -vouwen (eastern MDu. -volden, -valden), G. entfalten.} 1. trans. To open or unwrap the folds of; to spread open; to expand; to straighten out. C890 W/TRFERTH tr. Gregory's Dial. 333 boc .. unlysan & unfealdan. ciooo Ags. Gosp. Luke iv. 17 Sona swa he J?a boc unfeold, Jja funde he [etc.], c 1205 Lay. 10544 i^uere his writen he vnfeold per he for8 ferde. 13.. Coer de L. 4809 Hys baner anon was unfolde, The Sarezynes anon gan behold. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 284 Bot if pe bulle vnfolden were red among vs here, 3our hote salle be holden. 1377 Langl. P. pi. B. XVII. 176 be paume hath powere. .to vnfolde pe folden fuste. a 1400-50 Alexander 3027 Bald bernes on bent banars vnfaldis. C1450 Lovelich Grail xxxvi. 462 Whanne this body he hadde beholde, Anon the clothes he dyde on-folde. 1530 Palsgr. 767/2, I unfolde any thyng that is folded up togyder, desploye. Ibid., Unfolde this clothe, a 1553 Udall Roister D. iii. iv. No lesse.. Than this letter purporteth, which ye haue vnfolde. 1663 Davenant Siege of Rhodes Wks. (1672) 8 Sweeter then Buds unfolded in a Shower. 1697 Dryden Mneis vi. 393 Strife, that shakes Her hissing tresses, and unfolds her snakes. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Odes iv. xv. 5 Phoebus .. warn’d me .. Not to unfold my little sail. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 153 The pattern grows, the well-depicted flow’r.. Unfolds its bosom. 1828 Scott F.M. Perth xix. Come now,.. unfold your arms from about my patient. 1841 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. 399 One of the snails unfolds from the right side of its neck .. a wide sacculus.

b. transf. or fig. 1390 Gower Conf. H. 24 For I ne mai my wit unfolde To find o word of that I mene. 1603 KnollesTurks {1621) 540 Unfolding his troupes (that standing there, they might at more libertie use their swords). 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Dawning 3 Unfold thy forehead gather’d into frowns. 1744 Akenside Pleas. Imag. i. 73 Till in time. .What he admired and loved, his vital smile Unfolded into being. 1839 Thirlwall Greece VI. 253 As these thoughts had been nourished and unfolded in himself by the recent change in his fortunes.

c. To open (the eyes or lips); to open (a gate, etc.) upon hinges. 01325 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 144 Adam his ei^en vnfeld; & set»t>en his sone he biheld. 1620 Shelton Quix. i. IV. xix. 518 He would not once vnfold his lips, vntill he might see what would be the period of his disgrace. 1667 Milton P.L. iv. 381 Hell shall unfould.. her widest Gates. 1801 Southey Thalaba vi. xvi, The gates of iron, by no human arm Unfolded, turning on their hinges slow. 1896 De ViNNE Moxon's Mech. Exerc. 410 He., unfolded the frisket and tympan.

d. refl. (Also in fig. use.) 1779 Mirror No. 22, Her voice seemed to unfold itself in singing, to suit every musical expression. 1821 Shelley Epipsych. 480 An atom of th’ Eternal, whose own smile Unfolds itself. 1891 Farrar Darkn. ^ Dawn xxxv, The whole world had turned.. to thorns; would some new rosebud now unfold itself among them?

2. To disclose or reveal by statement or exposition; to explain or make clear. ^1050 Liber Scintill. xxxviii. (1889) 140 Sejjancu unrihtwisnysse [hi] unfealdaS. (31225 Ancr. R. 100 bis is a cruel word... Hit is bilepped & bihud, ac ich hit wulle unuolden. a 1250 Prov. Mlfred 659 A1 he bi-fulit his frend, ben he him vnfoldit. 13., E.E. Allit P. B 1563 Calle hem alle to my cort.., Vnfolde hem alle t>is ferly fat is bifallen here. 1426 Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 10962 At the grete lugement Wher tassyses shal be holde, A1 couert falsenesse to vnfolde. c 1475 Partenay 5124 The holy fader wondred on that he told. Off tho merueles that ther [he] gan vnfold. 1595 Locrine i. i. 83,1 will vnto you all vnfold Our royall mind and resolute intent. 1658 Flecknoe Epigr. & Enigm. Char. 1 Clearly unfolding and explicating the notions of her minde. 1693 Humours Town 38, I will only unfold it to you as the nature ofthe thing is. 1782 Priestley Ma«. & •Spir. I.Pref. p. xxxii, His system is., perhaps the same., if he would distinctly unfold it. 1817 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. ix. 689 In a speech.. [he] unfolded the causes and extent of the national calamities. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 239 The brethren whose mysteries I am about to unfold to you are far more ingenious. refl. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. i. 2 Nay answer me; Stand & vnfold your selfe. 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. ii. v. What riddle is this? unfold your selfe, deare Robin. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. v. The self-seclu/. fj. [uN-^8b.] = next. 1667 Milton P.L. vii. 94 If unforbid thou maist unfould W’hat wee..aske. 1827 Pollok Course T. viii. 350 He., took all joys. Forbid and unforbid, as impulse urged. 1869 Lowell Winter Evening Hymn to Fire vii, Nicotia.. We worship, unforbid of thee.

unfor'bidden,/)/)/. a. (un-* 8 b.) 1535 Coverdale Acts xxviii. 31 Teachinge those thinges .. with all boldnesse, vnforbydden. 1611 Florio, Inuietato, vnforbidden. 1648 Hexham ii, Ongcioden,.. Vnforbidden.

UNFORBODEN 1819 Shelley Cend iv. iv, 29 All was prepared by unforbidden means Which we must pay so dearly, having done. 1861 Geo. Eliot Silas M. x, To..take up his old quarters unforbidden, and swagger as usual.

Hence unfor'biddenly adv., -ness. 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. v. ix. 179 This unforbiddenness they think sufficient to evince, that the Sumptuousness .. is not absolutely.. Sinful, i860 Ellicott Life Our Lord viii. 387 When .. lov'e .. may hereafter unforbiddenly direct itself to the ascended Lord.

t unfor'boden, obs. var. unforbidden ppl. a. Cf. MDu. and Du. onverboden, MHG. and G. unverboten. 1534 Tindale Acts xxviii. 31 Teachynge those thinges .. with all confidence, vnforboden.

un'forced, ppl. a. [un-‘ 8.] 1. Not compelled or constrained. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas 11. ii. Colonies 513 Being fed.. With wholesome Fruits of an un-forced soyl. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. v. 231 Artimesia.. unforced and uncompeld followed the expedition of Xerxes against Greece. 1697 Dryden JEneis xi. 654 Why thus, unforced, should we so tamely yield? 1741 Richardson Pamela III. 248 He will judge us according to the unforced and unbyassed Use we make of that Light. 1805 Wordsw. To the Daisy 52 Unforced by wind or wave To quit the Ship for which he died. 1884 igth Cent. Mar. 436 The unforced zeal and docility of the horse.

b. Of plants: Not produced out of season. 1868 Daily News 8 July, Some of the fuchsias.. would have borne comparison with any unforced flowers of their class.

2. Not pushed beyond the natural limits; not produced by exertion or effort; easy, natural. 1604 Shaks. 0th. II. i. 239 This granted (as it is a most pregnant and vnforc’d position) who stands so eminent.. as Cassio do’s? 1665 J. Spencer Vulg. Proph. 52 All the great Prophets.. delivered themselves in a natural and unforc’d order of words. 1717 Addison tr. Ovid's Met. iii. Notes, Wks. 1721 I. 242 This is one of Ovid’s finished stories. The transition to it is proper and unforced. 1790 Paley Horse Paul. xii. §2 Here we have a fair unforced example of coincidence. 1850 Irving Goldsmith i. 17 The unforced humour, blending so happily with good feeling and good sense. 1883 D. C. Murray Hearts ix. His objections.. were unforced and genuine.

3. Requiring or involving no physical exertion. 1643 Denham Cooper's H. 42 With such an easie and unforc’t ascent. 1765 Sterne Tr. Shandy viii. xix. By an unforced compression .. of his cap with the thumb and the two forefingers.

Hence un'forcedly adv.\ un'forcedness. 1632 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xiii. Notes 451 This may vnforcedly admit of the former interpretation. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 261 The naturalness and unforcedness of this Imbibition shall be made good. 1696 M. Henry Life P. Henry iv. Wks. 1853 H. 647/1 Such a distribution as the matter did most easily and unforcedly fall into.

un'forcible, a. [un-^ 7.] 1. Lacking force or power, 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. Ixv. §9 Wee cannot thinke that the signe which our new baptized foreheads did there receiue, is either vnfit or vnforcible. 1754 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 90, Pieces.. unforcible in Sentiment, and destitute of Character.

2. Incapable of being forced or enforced. 1611 CoTGR., Inforfable, vnforcible, vnexpugnable, impregnable. 1649 Milton Tenure Kings 39, I wish them .. not to compell unforcible things in Religion especially.

un'forcibly,

(un-^ ii.)

1831 Scott Ct. Rob. v. So I did express myself,.. and, as I trust, not altogether unforcibly. C1890 A. Murdoch Yoshiwara Episode 8 Which .. illustrates not unforcibly what a glorious thing the..system is for the capitalist.

un'fordable, a. (un-^ 7 b and 5 b.) 1611 Florio, InguazzabiUy vnwadable, vnfoordable. 1649 Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. §21 When he is to pass a sudden or unfordable flood. 1732 Lediard Sethos II. vii. 58 Their excursions .. over unfordable rivers. 1834 Pringle Afr. Sk. 187 A very heavy rain..swells the river to an unfordable size. 1868 Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 351 Many of the unfordable streams are still crossed by flat-boat ferries. fig. 01641 Bp. Mountagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 25 Many deep hidden mysteries, and unfordable.

Hence un'fordableness. 1652 Heylyn Cosmogr. ii. 193 The unfordablenesse of the River.

un'forded, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 396 He .. contemns Unruly Torrents, and unfoorded Streams.

unfore'boded, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) x8i8 Colebhooke Import Colonial Corn 58 In the event of ultimate failure of accustomed supplies not unforeboded. 1863 B. Taylor H. Thurston HI. 284 A power,.. as welcome as it was unforeboded, had usurped her life.

unfore'boding, p/)/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1725 Pope Odyss. 11. 212 Unnumber’d birds glide through the aerial way, Vagrants of air, and unforeboding stray. 1863 Mrs. Oliphant Chron. Carl. I. Salem Ch. xvi. 146 She could see the half-awakened girl starting up,.. unforeboding of evil.

unfore’gone, pp/. a. (un-^ 8 b.) 1844 Mrs. Browning Vis. Poets cxlii, The life lay coiled unforegone Up in the awful eyes alone.

un'foreign, a. (un-‘ 7.) 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 36 The Amalgamation of Metals.. [is] not unforeign to this Head.

23

UNFORGIVENESS

unfore'knowable, a. (un-^ 7 b.) 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. v. 710 Predictions of Future Events, otherwise unforeknowable to men. 1697 J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 447 These, and a thousand other Unforeknowable Mischances.

[un-^ 7.] Unforfeited. 1631 Chapman Caesar ^ Pompey 1. ii. 156 That most strangely Would put.. powers (Unforfeit by my fault) in others’ wills. 1742 Young Nt. Th. 111. 96 This group Of bright ideas, flow'rs of Paradise, As yet unforfeit!

unfore'known» pp/. a. (un-^ 7 b.) 1667 Milton P.L. iii. 119 Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault, Which had no less prov’d certain unforeknown. ai68o Charnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 561 No man can certainly prove that anything is unforeknown to him. 1882 Armstrong Garl.fr. Greece 95 Nor unforeknown it comes.

un'forfeitable, a.

unfo'rensic, a. (un-* 7.) 1858 Carlyle FredA. Gt. viii. iv. 11. 323 Fancy the hurryscurr>', the unforensic attitudes and pleadings! 1883 Edin. Rev. Jan. 245 The turn of his mind did not lead him astray into unforensic rhetoric.

un'forfeited, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

unfore'see, v. [un-^ 14.] To fail to foresee. 01670 Hacket Abp. Williams (1603) I. 171 The Lord Keeper did not unforesee how far this Cord might be drawn.

un'forgeable, a.

unfore'seeable, a. (un-* 7 b.) Also, in recent use, unfore'seeableness, -ably. 1672 South Serm. (1717) V. 300 By such unlikely and unforeseeable Ways does Providence sometimes bring about its great Designs. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) I. 205 The suddenly put and unforeseeable question. 1877 Morley Crit. Misc. Ser. ii. 377 The source of continual and unforeseeable improvements. unfore'seeing, pp/. a. (un-^ 10, sd.) x6o2 Daniel Cleopatra i. Fiiij, My vnforeseeing weakenesse must intoome My Countries fame and glory with my fall. 1690 Child Disc. Trade Pref. A 7 b, May we not think that some.. People in the World may be as un¬ foreseeing as this Gentleman pretends to be? 1755 Man No. 4. 3 An indulgent but unforeseeing parent. 1801 Southey Thalaba iv. xv. Later years.. teach me to regret Youth’s unforeseeing indolence. 1886 Swinburne Misc. 130 The unforeseeing security of a charmed and confident happiness. absol. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 94 Ne’er storm of rain Hath to the unforeseeing scathful proved.

b. Const, with object. 1871 M. Collins Marq. & Merck. II. iv. 112 Amy, unforeseeing anything of this sort, had been doing what she thought was her duty. Hence unfore'seeingly adv. 1611 Florio, Improuistamente, vnprouidedly, suddainely, vnforeseeingly. 1832 Chalmers Pol. Econ. iii. 96 This sum .. might have been imprudently or unforeseeingly vested in the manufacture of luxuries. unfore'seen, ppl.

a. (un-‘ 8 b. Cf. MDu. onvoresien, Du. onvoorzien; MHG. unvorsen.) 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iv. xliv. 334 By reasoning from the un-foreseen mischances. 1667 Milton P.L. n. 821 Through dire change Befalln us unforeseen, unthought of. 1725 Berkeley Proposal Wks. 1871 HI. 228 Unforeseen difficulties may arise. 1778 Earl Carlisle in Jesse Selwyn Contemp. (1844) HI. 302 In case nothing unforeseen happens. 1836 W. Irving Astoria III. 132 Unless some unforeseen contingency should render a modification necessary. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. vii. 127 The unforeseen consequence of an external addition. Hence unfore'seenly adv.y -ness. 1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas I. 104 A peasant appeared unforeseenly, and offered to carry me across. 1897 Daily News 21 Sept. 4/7 The ‘unforeseenness’ of the cycle is its worst reproach in towns.

unfore'shortened, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1846 Worcester (citing Godwin). 1866 Herschel Familiar Lect. Sci. v. §19. 194 So as to be seen unforeshortened from the star. un'foreskinned, {ppl.) a. (un-‘ 9 or un-'' 4.) 1671 Milton Samson iioo The glory of Prowess., won by a Philistine From the unforeskinn’d race. unfore'stalled, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 4657 J. Howe in H. Rogers Lz/e (1836) 74 They shall meet with unforestalled judgments. 1658 Osborne Adv. Son Wks. (1673) 178 Unforestalled by a like custom.

un'forfeit, a.

(un-^ 7 b.) 1648 Nethersole Problems 1. 3 Their rights ought.. to be .. unforfeitable. ' mixture of., good nature with unforgivingness. 1887 Mary Burt Browning's Women 52 Unforgivingness beyond a certain limit is a base crime.

unfor'got,/)/)/. a. [uN-*8b.] = next. 1653 J. Taylor (Water P.) CerL Trav. Uncert. Journey 15 But to them all my thanks is unforgot. 01847 Eliza Cook Old Barn iv, Delight that is still unforgot. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 372 Many a tale yet unforgot.

unfor'gotten,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8 b. Cf. MDu. and Du. onvergeten^ unvergessen.)

MHG.

unvergezzeny

G.

1813 Byron Giaour 103 Clime of the unforgotten brave! 01822 Shelley Triumph Life 209 The great, the unforgotten, — they who wore Mitres and helms and crowns. 1850 Hawthorne Scarlet L. xviii, The foe that would win over again his unforgotten triumph.

vnforke.

8 and 5 b. Cf. MDu. ongeformet, -vormet (Du. -vormd), MHG. ungeformet (G. -formt), NFris. unfuaremd.] 1. Not formed or fashioned into a regular shape; not invested with any definite form. [un-‘

01340 Hampole Psalter xxxii. 9 pai ere fourmyd of vnfourmyd matere. 1382 Wyclif Deut. xxvii. 6 Thow shall bild there up an auter..of stonus vnfourmed and vnpolishid. 1599 Daniel Musoph. 951 Who..knows.. What words in th’ yet unformed Occident, sMay come refin’d with th’ accents that are ours? 1621 G. Sandys Ot'iW’i Met. xv. 406 [He] sees Their bodies limme-lesse: these vnformed things In time put forth their feet, and after, wings. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 1. xii. 55 The unformed matter of the World, was a God, by the name of Chaos. 1712 Addison Spect. No. 309 ff2 His Passage through the Regions of unformed Matter. 1825 BulLbaiting n. in Iloulston Tr. I. No. 28. 6 His head so torn and mangled, that It appeared nothing but a frightful unformed mass of blood. *®55 Poultry Chron. II. 571/1 I'hose amateurs who, like myself, prefer.. the breast small and unformed. 1877 Caird Philos. Kant ii. i. 203 While matter altogether unformed is a mere abstraction.

b. transf. Of immaterial things: Not brought to a definite or properly developed state; crude. 1689 Andros Tracts II. 195 They would .. endeavour to prevent what ill effects an Unform’d Tumult might produce. 1736 Butler Anal. i. v. 86 Mankind is left, by Nature, ^an unformed, unfinished Creature. *774 Reid Aristotle s Logic vi. §2 (1788) 144 Every science is in an unformed state until its first principles are ascertained. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. xiv. 832 The chemical department of mineralogy is in an unformed and indeed anarchical condition. 1880 Sayce Introd. Set. Lang. viii. H. 188 The rude and unformed Bushman and the polished Finnic [language].

c. fig. Of persons (or the mind): Not developed by education or training; unpolished.

un'fork, v. [un-^ 5, 6 b.] 1. trans. To remove from a fork. 1598 Florio, Disforcare, to Sforcinato, vnforked, vnhooked.

un'formed,/)/)/. a.'

1611

Ibid.,

2. To make straight or plain. 1654 Z. Coke Logick (aj). It unforks Oracles, making them Toothless. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. Pref., Their Enigmatical expressions unforked and unvailed.

tunfor'Iatit,/)/>/. a. Sc. Obs. [un-' 8 + MDu. verlaeten to draw off, rack (wine).] Not drawn off from one vessel into another. 15*3 Douglas JEneid v. Prol. 53 Bot my propyne.. [is] Vnforlatit, not jawyn fra tun to tun. Ibid. Direction 90 Onforlatyt, new from the berry run.

t unforlet,/)/>/. a. Sc. Obs. [un-^ 8 b. Cf. OE. unforl^eten.] Not abandoned or given up. *5*3 Douglas JEneid xi. xi. 16 Ne this luf, suythly, is nocht cummin of new,.. Bot of aid kyndnes lang tyme vnforleyt.

unforlorn, ppl. a. [un-^ 8 b. Cf. OFris. onforloren (unforfeited), MDu. and Du. onverloren, MHG. unverlorn (G. -loren), older Da. uforloren.] a. Not lost. b. Not bereft (of). *567 Gude fef Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 146 Zit keipit scho hir madinheid vnforlorne. 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 13 Yet was hee alive, and as yet unforlorne of either sense or memory.

tun'form, obs. var. inform a. or unformed ppl. a. ?a 1400 in MS. Lincoln A 117 fol. 276 b, Whilom when a man was noghte, Bothe vnfourme and vn forthe broghte.

un'form, v.^ [un-^ 4.] trans. To divest of (a special) form; to make formless. Also absol. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. ii. (1626) 35 How great our act! how IS our powre display’d! Vnform'd a Woman, and a Goddesse made. 1704 Hymn Victory xvi, He never form’d a proper Scheme, But they unform’d it all again, a 1822 Shelley in Medwin Life II. 169 It was easier to form, than unform or reform. 1876 Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. June 12 It has formed Christian nations; or at least, has not un¬ formed them. 1882 Pall Mall G. 14 June 5/1 It unforms his style, and produces scrappy . . sentences.

un'form, [un-^ 5.] trans. To rouse (a hare) from its form.

*7** Addison Spect. No. 66 If 2 You can’t imagine how unformed a Creature it is. She comes to my Hands just as Nature left her. 1798 S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. 11. 12 On [him],.. in the helplessness of an unformed mind, his sister threw herself. 1856 Miss Yonge Daisy Chain i. xx, Ethel was very queer and unformed, and could do nothing by herself. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. 104 Very clever in some ways—and very unformed —childish almost—in others.

2. Not formed or made; uncreated. 01325 Prose Psalter (1891) 194 Vnfourmed is pe fader, vnfourmed is pe sone, vnformed is pe holi gost. c 1400 Pilgr. Souile (Caxton, 1483) v. xiv. 107 God hymself is nature vnformed and vnwrought that yeueth nature fourmed to euery creature. 1611 CoTGR., Informe,.. also, vnformed, vnmade, vnfashioned, 1757 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 313 If the New Ministry yet unformed, should subsist. 1794 R. J. SULIVAN Vieio Nat. IV. 99 Would it not sound strangely to talk of a self-existent house, an uncaused pyramid, an unformed statue? a 1824 Byron Heav. & Earth I. iii. He broke forth Into the dawn, which lighted not the yet Unform’d forefather of mankind. 1855 Poultry Chron. HI. 195/2 Lime., is especially necessary for making the as yet unformed bones.

13. unformed stars (or signs): (see quots.). Obs. *59® T'. Hood Use Celestial Globe 34b, The vnformed starres about the Scorpion. 1638 Chilmead tr. Hues' Treat. Globes (1889) 53 This Constellation hath .. three unformed .. Starres. 1700 Moxon Math. Diet., Unformed Signs, such are those that are called Nebulous or CIouiW, scarce to be seen by the bare Eye or Instrument. 1764 J. Ferguson Lect. 185 Those stars which lie between the figures of those imaginary animals, and could not be brought within the compass of any of them, were called unformed stars. x8io Vince Elem. Astron. 269.

t un'formed,/)/)/. o.'* [un-* 8.] = uninformed ppl. a. CI400 Destr. Troy 760 Lest pe day vs be-daghe.. And I vnformet in faith how I fare shall.

un'formidable, a. (un-* 7 b and sb.) 1667 Decay Chr. Piety xi. f 2 A guilt which nothing but our too familiar acquaintance with it could make unformidable. 1846 M’Gee Gallery Irish Writers 163 It was no unformidable degree of success which could call Clarendon against him. 1898 Bodley France II. ill. v. 235 When a minister thus retains his portfolio, it is because he is unformidable.

un'formulated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

° *773 ID Ruddiman Coll. Pieces (1772) 277 Such with the beagle rise, at dusky morn,.. Unfourm the hare close squatted in her bush.

1866 spect. 14 Apr. 406/1 The trustful, free, unformulated attitude of mind. 1899 Mackail Life Morris II. 115 The ambiguities of an unformulated creed.

un'formal, a. [un-' 7, 5 b.] = informal i.

unfor'saken,/)/>/. a. (un-* 8 b.)

fi449 Pecock Repr. i. ii. 9 Thei schulden not be.. so ruyde and vnformal and boistose in resonyng. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. 81 Your fift, sixt, and seuenth notes be wilde

*648 Hexham ii, Onbegeven, Vnforsaken. 1654 Hammond Fundam. viii. Wks. 1674 I- 290 Any sort of sins continued in or unforsaken. 1857 J. H. Newman Serm. Var. Occas. vi. too Hearts polluted with mortal, unforsaken sin. 1864 PUSEY Lut. Daniel viii. 495 He .. did not enter into a relation to His creature, only, of His own accord. Himself unforsaken, to end it.

and vnformall, for that vnformall skipping is condemned in this kinde of singing. 1661 Campion Counterpoint 109 This passage from the flat to the sharp would be unformal. 1678 biR G. Mackenzie Cnm. Laws Scot. ii. xxiii. §4 (1699) 249 Often times they return unformal verdicts. 1799 H. Mitchell Scotticisms 87 The contract was unformal.

b. = INFORMAL a. I b. 1825 Cath. Stanley Jrjil. in Mem. (1879) 211 The unpunctual [people] are easy, good-tempered, unfussy unformal. 1858 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) II. 328 The rude independence of character, which was generated by that free and unformal life.

Hence un'formally adv. *597 Morley Mus. 86 Your seuenth and eighth notes wherein you fal.. so vnformallie to B fa h mi backe againe.

un'formalized, p/)/. a. (un-* 8 a c.) Villette xix. He listened so kindly, so teachably; unformalized by scruples.

unfor'saking, pp/. a. (un-* 10.) *862 Mrs. Norton Lady of La Garaye Ded. 74 Towards thee their thoughts shall roam. Whose unforsaking faith time hath not riven.

unfor'sook, ppl. a. (un-* 8 b.) 1838 Mrs. Browning Seaside Walk v. Absent friends and memories unforsook.

unfor'sworn, pp/. a. (un-* 8 b.) 1636 Massinger Gt. Dk. Florence v. ii, Cozimo. You all conspire To force our mercy from us. Charomonte. Which giv’n up To after-times preserves you unforsworne.

t unforthbrought: see unform a.

UNFORTUNATE t unfor'thinking, sb. and ppl. a. Obs. (un-* 12 10.) Ibid.,

139/' An vn Forthynkynge.Jrtpeni/fnrio. Vn Forthynkyngc, Jnpenitens.

un'fortified, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) *525 Ud. Berners Froiss. H. clxx. 484 The lorde of the Towre was sore blamed. . that he had lefte that place vnfortifyed and vnprouyded. 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 467 The which Beare .. finding the den vnfortified entred into the same. 1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 434 While their weak heads, like towns unfortify’d, 'Twixt sense and nonsense daily change their side. 1775 Burke Sp. Concil. Amer. Wks. III. 64 Pouring down upon your unfortified frontiers a fierce and irresistible cavalr>'. 1849 Grote Greece ii. xlvii. (1862) IV\ 170 Samos remained .. unfortified, deprived of its fleet. fig. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. ii. 96 It shewe8..A Heart vnfortified, a Minde impatient. 1646 Hammond Sinnes 18 The will will be taken unfortified, and so.. won to consent. *705 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. iii. Pain 14 Persons of the tenderest Age, of the most unfortified Sex,.. encountered the Fury of wild Beasts. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) V. 659 A mere pecuniary interest, unfortified / ?^**^‘*^f.***‘€ of sympathy. 1885 Manch. Exam. 4 Feb. 5/2 This opinion,.. unfortified by legal sanction.

un'fortify, v. (un-^ 3.) *574 Hellowes tr. Gueuara's Earn. Ep. (1577) 272, I commaund you.. to discamp your camp, and to vnfortifie Tordisillas. 1603 Florio Montaigne ii. xv. 359 A peaceable time will require we shall vnfortifie them [rc. our houses].

t un'fortunable, Unfortunate.

a.

Obs.

[un-*

7 b,

sb.l

1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 223 Which seeth and feeleth.. That all his dedes are much unfortunable. 1567 Paynell tr. Treas. Amadts of Gaule 77 This manner of doing .. is so unfortunable, and so farre out of reason. 1715 H. Carey Contrivances (1729) 27 The Gentleman of this House, who was so unfortunable as to be kill’d by Thieves.

t un'fortunacy. Obs. [un-* 12, 5 b.] Lack of good fortune; an unfortunate occurrence. ^ *575 Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden Soc. 29) 124 The rumor was spred that the same was doone by therles assent, .. but in dede yt was the unfortunacy of king Henr>’. - unfortunately. 1936 R. Lehmann Weather in Streets i. ii. 36 Etty had not married —not even unfortunately. Daus

b. In parenthetic or detached use. 1706 E. Ward Wooden World Dtss. (1708) 37 He might unfortunately have grown up to be a Pedant. 1779 Mirror No. 10, Unfortunately for us, we found with our friend a number of his jovial companions. 1827 Faraday Chem. Matiip. xviii. 472 Unfortunately this evil increases with the heat. 1874 j. Geikie Gt. Ice Age xiv. 183 These relics, unfortunately, have almost invariably been lost or mislaid.

1561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer iv. (1577) Xijb, Although it putteth them in afflictions, daungers, trauels, and.. unfortunatenesse. 1608 T. Morton Preamb. Encounter 123 The vnfortunatenesse of this his declamatorie calumniation. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes ii. xxv. 285 O the unfortunatenesse of this adventure! 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. 1. 205 To play upon the Indigence.. of another; and take an advantage from the Unfortunateness of his Condition. 1867 Bp. Wilberforce Let. in Life (1882) III. 217, I cannot agree as to the unfortunateness of the language.

Now arch. [uN-* 12, 5 b. Misfortune, mischance;

WANFORTUNE.]

Cf. bad

luck. c 1470 Gol. ^ Gate. 1225 Quhan on-fortone quhelmys the quheil, thair gais grace by. 1483 Caxton Cato giij, Thys felawe moequed .. suche one now late of his unfortune and mvserye. 01533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Ffiv, ‘T'he calme seson moste sure, is the vigile of the more vnfortune. 1647 Hexham i. s.v.. An unfortune that cold not be avoided. 1888 Stevenson Black Arrow 164 What unfortune [ye have had], ye have noways deserved.

un'fortuned, a. rare, [un-' 9.] with, visited by, misfortune.

Connected

C1403 Lydg. Temple of Glas 389 boru3 pe cruelte Of old Saturne, my fadur vnfortuned. 1909 R. Bridges Virgil's JEneid vi. 618 Sitteth and to eternity shall sit Unfortun’d Theseus.

unfossi'liferous, a. (un-^ 7.) 1836 T. Thomson Min., Geol., etc. II. 193 The unfossiliferous stratified formations. 1882 Geikie Geol. Sk. 292 The rocks of Scotland are, as a whole, unfossiliferous.

un'fossilized, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1846 Worcester (citing Qu. Rer\). 1848 Owen in Times 14 Nov. 9/1 The carcase of such reptiles., in a recent or unfossilized state. 1887 Moloney Forestry W. Africa 127 Newer resins (unfossilized).

un'fostered, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

ppl.

a.

Sc.

b. Not encountered in fight; without fighting. 1596 Edward III, iii. iii. 139 These English faine would spend the time in words. That, night approching, they might escape vnfought. 1697 Dryden /Eneis ix. 159 For fly they cannot, and, constrained to stay. Must yield unfought, a base inglorious prey.

2. Of battles, etc.: Not fought; uncontested. 1669 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 738 How many Battels ..had been unfought? 1807 Wordsw. White Doe iii. 217 We yield (and can it be?) an unfought field! 1820 Praed Eve of Battle 68 Anticipation fires his brain With fights unfought. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 6 June 2/2 We think that the constituency ought not to go unfought.

un'foughten, ppl. a. Now arch. [un-‘ 8 b. Cf. MDu. and Du. ongevochten, MHG. ungevohten (without fighting).] = prec. •475 Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 47 Youre gret adversarie of Fraunce.. fled and voided unfoughten at the said jorney of Senlis. C1500 Three Kings Sons 89 In-asmoche as we haue ben so long vnfoughten with. ? 15 .. Battle of Otterburn xli. in Child Ball. III. 297 If that I weynde. .onfowghten awaye, He wolde me call but a kowarde knyght. 0*575 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 29) 140 He had sufferyd them .. to passe by him unfoughten withal. i8ii Scott Don Roderick iii. viii. But thou—unfoughten wilt thou yield to Fate? 1867 MoRRisJoion ix. 369 Soothly, have we no will to fight with thee If we may pass unfoughten.

un’foulable, a. (un-‘ y b.) 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib. II. No. 2796, Unfoulable anchor. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 82/1 Treated with our patent unfoulable enamel.

[un-*

8.]

Not

1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. ii. i, Like the pack-horse that’s unfother’d And burden’d, [they] will tumble down faint.

un'fought, ppl. a. [un-* 8b» 8 c; cf. next.] 1. Of persons: Not fought with or for.

un'fractured, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1742 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. (cd. 3) I. 262 Its huge Bulk lies unfractur’d. 01845 S. Smith in S. Holland Mem. Sydney Smith (1855) I. xi. ^87 To him .. I owe unfractured integrity of limb. 1027 E. \ Gordon Introd. Old Norse 254 The e of verbs of the fourth and fifth conjs. remained unfractured. 1946 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past ix. 286 The (fractured or unfractured) raw material is not directly shaped into the tool. 1982 W. J. Walsh R. K. Narayan ii. 29 A coherent and unfractured psyche.

un'fragrant, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) 1858 Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. (1871) II. 211 Children .. exceedingly unfragrant, but very courteous and gentle. 1880 Ruskin Bible Amiens i. (1884) 4 Extensive plains of useful and not unfragrant peat.

un'fragrantly, 1883 Harper's unfragrantly.

(un-* ii.) Mag.

June

121/1

It

fumed

not

t un'fraisted, pp/. a. Obs. [un-' 8.] Untried, inexperienced. ?01400 Morte Arth. 2736 Bot I ame hot a fawntkyne. vn-fraystede in armes. Ibid. 2861.

tun'frame, sb.-. see un-' 3. un'frame, v. [un-* 3.] tl. Irani. To distress, trouble.

Obs.-'

c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 1213 Wintres for6-wexen on ysaac, .And ysmael was him vn-swac; Often it gan ysaac un-framen.

2. To take to pieces; to destroy. Also^ig. 01548 Hall Chron., Hen. V, 46 All the bridges wer by his enemies broken and unframed. 1603 J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos'VIks. (Grosart) I. 83/2 The Pynns, the Tenons, Beams, Bolts, ..All which they marke when they doe it vnframe. 1621 Sanderson Serm. 1. 179 The curse of God .. gnaweth asunder the pins and the joynts of the building, till it have unframed it, and resolved it into a ruinous heap. 01716 South Serm. (1744) VIII. v. 129 Sin has unframed the fabrick of the whole man.

fb. To undo. Obs. 1567 Turberv. Epit., etc. 82 b, Those two agreed with common voyce my bondage to vnframe.

Not

3. To dislocate; to throw into confusion or disorder, to distract.

C1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 388 Seynt Jame seis. For pis is a dene religioun,.. to kepe a mon unfoulid fro l?is worlde. (31425 Cursor M. 19504 (Trin.), God him kepte..His hondes vnfouled of monnes blood, a 1470 Harding Chron. lxxii. vii. Hit wyfehode.. Afore that tyme euer was kept vnfouled. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. ii. xii. §3 Light and Colours unfoul’d and unsophisticated by any inward tincture. 1916 G. Frankau Poet. Wks. (1923) II. 3 The Killer-men of Valhalla looked up from the banquet-board At the unfouled breach of his rifle. 1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 74 The soul’s first passion is for sheer life Entering in shocks of truth, unfouled by lies.

1574 Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1584) 109 You are much offended by manie slaunderers that deprave your doings, and unframe your attempts. 1603 J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos Wks. (Grosart) I. 55/1 Disastrous Richard second of that name,.. Who did the forme of this State quite vnframe. 1668 Owen Mortif. Sin ii. (ed. 3) 14 It unframes our Spirit; and thence is called the sin that so easily besets us. 1727 [Dorrington] Philip Quarll 87 This unexpected but lucky Adventure, like a sudden Surprize, unfram’d his Reason.

un'fouled, ppl. a.*

[un-* 8 -t- foul t;.*] made foul or impure; undefiled.

• 535 W. Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 412 Kenethus than.. maid efter thame till go The freschest men [that] onfowllit wer in feild.

un'found, ppl. a.

[un-' 8 b, 8 c. Cf. ON. ufundinn, older Da. ufunden, Du. ongevonden.] Not found; undiscovered. Also with out. 1584 Lyly Campaspe v. ii, Content to lyue vnknowne, and die vnfounde. 1644 Quarles Barnabas & B. (1651) 211 Being lost, hee seekes himselfe unfound, or findes himselfe unknowne. 1678 Dryden & Lee CEdipus i. i, But for the Murderer’s self, unfound by Man, Find him ye Pow’rs Coelestial and Infernal. 1721 Ramsay Content 316 More than seventy years .. I’ve sought this court, till now unfound by me. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxiv, Unfound the boon, unslaked the thirst. 1895 Rider Haggard Heart of World xi. Our eyes might behold the greatest of these cities, sought for many generations but as yet unfound. (6) 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. ii. (1626) 28 To farthest Earth affrighted Nilus fled; And there conceal’d his yet vnfound-out head.

un'found, v. (un-* 3.) c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. viii. (1869) 139 To a king it is thing reprouable.. to vnfounde foundaciouns that hise auncestres nauen founded.

un'founded, ppl. a.*

[un-* 8 + found zj.*] Having no foundation or basis; chiefly fig.., groundless, unwarranted. 1648 Hexham ii, Ongegrondet, Vngrounded, or Vnfounded. 1667 Milton P.L. 11. 829, I. .one for all My self expose, with lonely steps to tread Th’ unfounded deep. 1785 Burke Nabob of Arcot Wks. IV. 282 These debts.. [he] at one stroke expunged .. as utterly irrecoverable; he might have added, as utterly unfounded. 1828 Lytton Pelham I. xxxiv, I advance a claim not altogether new and unfounded. 1855 Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 129 Vague speculations and unfounded theories concerning the origin of things. 1883 Law Rep. 11 Q.B.D. 593 The imputation.. was altogether unfounded and absurd.

Hence unboundedly adv.

1744 .Armstrong Preserx'. Health n. 170 No youth of genius whose neglected bloom Unfoster’d sickens in the barren shade. 1847 C. Bronte J. Eyre xiv, I was .. partial to the unfledged, unfostered and unlucky.

un'fothered, foddered.

1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviii. 25 He tokc medc and money of the Scottis, to thentent they myght departe pryucly by nyght, vnfoughte withall. 1586 J. Hooker Hist. Irel. 148/1 in llolinshed ll. Thinking it should be too great a dishonour vnto him to be bearded with a traitor, and to let him depart vnfought withall. 1619 Fletcher, etc. Knt. Malta I. iii, Mountfcrral should perceive my Sister had A Brother would not live to see her aye Unfought for. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 211 Prince Rupert.. might have gone away unfought with but that such counsell was too cold for so hot a stomach. [1822 Scott Halidon Hall 1. ii. 9 If we leave it Unfought withal, it squares not with our honour.]

t un'fouled./>p/. a.^ Sc. Obs. [un-* 8 + foul ti.^] Unexhausted.

un'fortunateness. (un-^ 12 and 5 b.)

un'fortune.

UNFRATERNAL

1820 Scott Monast. xxvi, 1 should wish to know the author., of all these suspicions, so unfoundedly urged against me. 1883 Law Times Ret. XLIX. 251/1 Bringing a civil action, however unfoundedly.

t un'founded, pp/. a.’* Obs. [un-* 8 + found v.^] Not numbed or powerless. 14.. Sege Jerusalem (E.E.T.S.) 35/618 )>ei wynnen vp why3tly pe walles to kepe, Fresche vnfounded folke.

un'foxed, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] Sober. 1622 J. Taylor (Water P.) Farewell to the Tower Bottles A 2 b, Yet alwayes ’twas my chance in Bacchus spight. To come into the Tower, vnfox’d vpright.

un'fram(e)able, a. (un-* yb.) 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. xvi. §6 The cause of., their disposition so vnframeable vnto societies wherein they liue. 1597 Ibid. v. ix. § i The matter which he hath to worke on is vnframable.

un'fram(e)ableness. (un-* 12.) 1648 Sanderson Serm. (1653) 9 The unframableness of our nature, to the doing of anything that is good.

un'framed, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not formed or moulded, unfashioned. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John vi. 37 b, He fourmeth and fasshyoneth the rude and vnframed witte with certayne principles. 1591 Savile Tacitus, Agricola 238 To compose, though in rude and vnframed speech, a memory of our late thraldome. 1621 G. Sandys Ovids Met. i. (1626) i The Sea, the Earth, al-couering Heauen vnfram'd, One face had Nature, which they Chaos nam’d.

2. Not set or enclosed in a frame. 1718 Pope Lett. (1737) 20! He lugg’d out the tatter’d fragments of an unframed picture. 1885 Howells Silas Lapham (1891) I. 13 A large warped, unframed photograph.

un'franchised, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1648 Hexham ii, Onbevrijdt, V’nfreed, or Vnfranchized. [1775 Ash.] 1832 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Administr. (1837) 11. 284 The honest elector will only derive from his suffrage a share., which his unfranchised neighbour will also enjoy. 1847 Grote Greece ii. xxxi. IV. 217 The memorable partnership.. between Kleisthenes and the unfranchised multitude.

t un'frangible, a. Obs. (un-* y and 5 b.) 1601 Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) iii. 8^7 Iron, be it neuer so thin, is made vnfrangible by blowes. 1654 Jer. Taylor Real Pres. 198 That body of Christ which is in heaven .. being whole and impassible, and unfrangible.

un'frank, a. (un-* y.) 1861 C. W. S. Brooks Silver Cord xxvi. Impertinent curiosity, and .. unfrank conversation.

un'frankable, a. (UN-* yb.) 1819 Southey Lett. (1856) III. 106 The next question is how to transport them.., for they are of an unbankable shape and texture.

un'franked./>/>/. a. (un-* 8. Cf. G. unfrankiert. Da. ufrankeret, Sw. ofrankerad.) 01765 D. Mallet Let. in Pearsons Catal. No. 81 (1900) 50 My last letter was franked by Mr. Nugent. Perhaps that was the cause of its miscarriage. I therefore send this unfranked. 1809 Sir G. Jackson Diaries Lett. (1873) I. 3, I wondered .. that a letter—and unfranked one, too - should follow me. 1843 Carlyle Past & Pr. m. xv. Heavy Packets, most of them unfranked.

unfra'ternal, a. (un-* 7.) 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xx. v, A not unfraternal or unpatriotic procedure. 1879 Farrar St. Paul I. 447 To

UNFRET

26

UNFRAUDULENT

un'fraudulent, a. (tiN-* 7.)

unfreed? 1852 M. Arnold Summer Night 50 Death in their prison reaches them Unfreed, having seen nothing, still unblest. 1873 W. Morris Love is Enough 127 Few folk as friends shall unfreed Pharamond meet.

1590 Swinburne Testaments 237 To take of the goods, by the lawful & vnfraudulent gift of the testator.

un'freedom. (un-* 12.)

them.. he never unfraternal word.

utters

t un'fraught, sh. cargo or freight.

one

single

Obs.^^

disrespectful

[UN-^ 12.]

or

Want of

1436 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 191 And now so fele shippes thys yeres there were, That moche losse for unfraught [u.r. unfreyght] they bare.

un'fraught>/>/)/. a. (UN-^ 8 b.) 1587 y i:rberv. Trag. T. (1837) 16 With manly minde, and mouth unfraught of feare. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, ii. To the King § 12 Mindes emptie Sc vnfraught with matter. 1650 Ashmole Chym. Collect. Prol. 15 Such Vagrants doubtless are empty and unfraught. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 53. 2/1 Men of narrow Intellects are Unfraught with .. Noble Ideas.

tun'fraught, v. Obs. unload, discharge.

[un-^ 3.]

trans.

To

1559 Mirr. Mag. (1563) X ij, Suffiseth nowe this playnt.. Whereof my hart his bottome hath vnfraught. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. vi. xix, Then thou deare swain, thy heav’nly load unfraught. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide i. 413 (MS.), Meantime, unfraughting thus returning love, He to his Mother runs.

fun'frayed, Undaunted.

ppl.

a.

Sc.

Obs.

[un-^

8.]

1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1541) i42b/2 Thir men., went, with vnfrayit curage, to ye wallis. 1680 in Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. XLV. 249 Beliving in the sufficencie of a Saviour.. quherby ye may stand unfraid befor his tribunall.

t un'frayned,/)^/. a. Obs.~^ [un-^ 8.] Unasked. 01275 Ancr. R. 338 Schrift ouh to beon willes, pet is, willeliche, iureined [MS. C. vnfreined].

tun'fredeable, a. Obs. [un-^ 7b + frede Insensible; without feeling. c 1450 m Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 123 note, A fishe pax.. yf fissher put his honde upon hit hit makeh his honde onfredeabile.

un'free, a. [ME. unfre (un-^ 7), = MDu. onvri (Du. onvrij), OHG. unfri (MHG. unvriy G. unfrei), WFris. on-, linfrij, MDa. and Da. ufri, MSw. and Sw. o/n.] fl. Ignoble, base. Obs.-^ C1320 Sir Tristr. 2727 pon slou3 his brejjer l>re In fi3t: Vrgan and morgan vn-fre And moraunt, pe noble kni3t.

2. Characterized by want of freedom. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B I r 29 So if folk be defowled by vnfre chaunce,.. he may polyce hym at he prest, by penaunce taken. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 120 The election beyng vnfree,.. eche of them almost of necessitie must hate the other. 1849 Kemble Saxons in Eng. I. 203 Serfs by reason of unfree birth. 1882-3 Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 2206 The State .. must be invested with all power over industry, which thus may be called practically unfree.

t3. Not at liberty to do something. Obs. 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 284 3if lordis my3te 3eue here heritage to clerkis..hei were vnfree to helpe here soulis. c

4. Not possessed of personal liberty; destitute of freedom. C1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 363 And so, as myche as in hem is, pei have maad Crist unfree. 1587 Golding De Mornay xii. 207 If it be demaunded why God created man free, and not vnfree. 1602 J. Davies (Heref.) Mirum in Modum Wks. (Grosart) I. 28/1 Better vnfree (saist thou) then be so ill, But ’tis not ill at libertie to bee. 1849 Kemble Saxons in Eng. I. 203 The children..of parents who are both unfree, or.. of one unfree parent. 1865 Kingsley Hereward xx, All the folk, free and unfree, man and woman, were out on the streets. 1882 Weeden Soc. Law Labor 40 The savage is the most unfree man in the world. absol. 1864 Kingsley Roman & T. 54 The custom of chiefs choosing.. their companions-in-arms, from among the most valiant of the unfree. 1874 Green Short Hist. i. §2 (1882) 13 A slave class, a class of the unfree.

5. Not holding the position of a free or privileged member of a corporation. arch.

Obs. or

1442 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1844) I. 8 Item, that al the communytie, alsweile vnfree as free men, be sworne to rise .. in the defence of the toune. 1459-60 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 303 Thay be put out of ther franches and ymad unfre. 1574 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 423 None of the inhabitance of Galway, free or onfree, yonge or old. 1608 in Gross GildMerch. (1890) I. 150 note, Anie Englishe borne subiect beinge vnfree or no member of this ffellowshippe. 1687 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 407 The lord mayor might drink to one as sherif free or unfree of the citty. 1717 in J. J. Vernon Par. & Kirk Hawick (1900) 205 Payd.. for the bells tolling at the buriall of every unfree person within the said toun.

6. Not free of duty, tax, or impost; not exempt from commercial restrictions. 1678 Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. 1. xxvi. §ii. (1699) 130 The Customers Officers were about to poynd some unfree goods. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1916/1 No such Clause or Provision as'makes Free Goods to become Unfree when Laden and taken in Unfree Ships.

unfree, v. [un-^ 6 a.] trans. To make unfree; to deprive of freedom.

c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 286 \>e moste vnfredom is vnfredom of synne, for pat makip a man seruaunt..to pe fend. 1884 Athenaeum 12 Apr. 465/3 Slavery as distinct from unfreedom died out very early [in England].

fun'freeholder. Sc. Obs. (un-^ 12.) 1507 Extr. Aberd. Rec. (1844) I. 436 [Selling of ale] be fre folkis, and..be vnfrehaldaris.

tun'freely, a.

Obs.

[un-' 7.]

Not beautiful.

a 1300 Cursor M. 8082 pair muthes wide, pair eien brade, Vn-freli was pair face made! c 1450 Holland Howlate 56 Quhy is.. My forme and my fetherem vnfrely, but feir? Ibid. 851. 01568 Stewart in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 397/35 Fast vnfrely fowll flobbis. And bubillis full lyk.

un'freeman. Now arch. [f. unfree a. 5.] One who is not a freeman of a corporation. 1445 in Charters, etc. Edinb. (1871) 67 Of strangearis and of vnfremen. 1480 Newcastle Merch. Vent. (Surtees) I. 3 The ackit [= act] of collarying of an unfremans gudes. 1511 Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1869) I. 134 Pakkis of lint.. brocht to the samyn be vnfreemen and strayngeris. 1584 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 433 Any goodes that apertayned to unfreemen (as it is termed). 1627 in Irv’ing Hist. Dumbarton. (1860) 476 Gif ony freeman byis the same.. for the use and behoof of an unfreeman.. or w* unfreemanis moneyis to the unfreemanis behoof. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4306/1 The Duties to be paid by the Unfreemen Importers of Coals into the Port., of Great Yarmouth. 1788 Faculty Decisions II. 30-1 (E.D.D.), That the three saddlers should be discharged to pack and peel with unfreemen. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch. x, I am not a person to pack or peel with Jacobites, and such unfreemen as poor Redgauntlet. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. 141 The supplying of instruction to the son and daughter of every burgess and unfreeman.

t un'freeness. Obs. (un-^ 12.) 1648 Hexham ii, Onvryigheydt, Vnfreenesse, or Subjection. 1657 Thurloe in State Papers (1742) VI. 281 The three great men professinge their great unfreenes to act, .. sayd, that [etc.].

un'freeze, v. [un-® 3 and 7.] 1. trans. To cause to thaw. 1584 Hudson Du Bartas' Judith iv. 196 Loues firy dart Could neuer vnfriese the frost of her chast hart. 1598 Florio, Disghiacciare, to vnfreese, to thaw. 1651 Ogilby ^sop (1665) II Such Trumpeters would blood turn’d Ice unfreeze. 1879 Miss Bird Lady's Life Rocky Mount. I. 280 Eggs, butter, milk,.. have to be unfrozen.

b. fig. spec, (in recent use) to make (assets, credits, etc.) realizable; to remove restrictions or rigid control from. 1637 N. Whiting Albino IS Bellama 36 Such quickning heat.. That thawd his voyce, and did unfreeze his tongue. 1670 Brooks London's Lament. 41 God by fiery tryals will unfreeze the frozen graces of his people. 1862 Thornbury Turner II. 125 At an age when..he could not unfreeze himself into hospitality. 1933 Kalends (Williams Sc Wilkins Co.) May, Among other horrors .. of our present adventure into fiscal delirium tremens, we discover the rise and growth of the monstrous verb, unfreeze. 1940 Sun (Baltimore) 3 Dec. 1/6 Great Britain and.. Spain signed an agreement today designed to ‘unfreeze’ Spanish funds blocked in London. 1948 Dylan Thomas Let. 17 Nov. (1966) 323, I have already borrowed in advance from my fee .. in order to unfreeze my Bank account. 1948 Time 22 Nov. 58/3 Thanks to improved domestic production of newsprint, circulation would be unfrozen Jan. i. 1957 28 Sept. 1006/1 If Britain were to unfreeze the Egyptian working sterling account.. President Nasser would be willing to discuss diplomatic relations. 1974 Guardian 23 Jan. lo/i Building projects.. were due to be unfrozen early this year. 1983 Time 20 June 6/1 The [EEC] leaders agreed..to unfreeze the aid package for Israel, blocked.. after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

2. intr. To become thawed. Also fig. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 64 The cold having.. pierc’d to the Centre of the earth, it must have leasure to unfreeze. 1746 W. Horsley Fool (1748) 1. 234, I wish he would put off his Amour to the ensuing May, when the Virgin Heart unfreezes. 1918 Scotsman 6 Apr. 7/2 Their enthusiasms were reached only by tact and wise consideration... The atmosphere unfroze; and even the hotel people became polite and gentle. 1958 Times 11 Nov. 8/1 Members of his [sc. de Gaulle’s] staff point out that he never expected educated Muslim opinion to ‘unfreeze’ all at once. 1968 K. O’Hara Bird-Cage xiii. 99 A small Scotch to his hand, a steak quietly unfreezing in the kitchen. 1981 P. Vansittart Death of Robin Hood iii. iii. 143 She slowly unfroze, motioning him to the damson ottoman.

un'freezing,/>/)/. a. (un-‘ io.) *775 T. Smith 7r«/. (1849) 279 It has been a wonder of a winter, so moderate and unfreezing. 1897 Outing XXIX. 555 Ghastly in its shroud of snow and the blackness of unfreezing waters about it.

tunfreight, sb.\ see unfraught sb. un'freight, v. (un-® 3.) 1580 H. Gifford Gilloflowers 36 Unfraight the shippe of all unlawfull wares.

un'freighted, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

C1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 431 Also oblishyng of men unfreep hem to God.

[1775 Ash.] 1854 Patmore Angel in Ho. i. viii. 5 [I] Breathed with a heart unfreighted.

un'freed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

tunfreme: see un-‘ 3.

1565 Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 423 How langthat evir the said Thomas remanit in Ingland unfred or put to libertie. 1648 Hexham 11, Onbevrijdt, Vnfreed, or Vnfranchized. 1715 Pope Iliad ii. 213 Shall beauteous Helen still remain

1830 Miss Mitford Our Village Ser. iv. 74 A step .. so unF'rench, so un-English. 1850 N. Hawthorne Amer. Notebks. (1883) 380 This poor little Frenchman,.. eating our most un-French victuals. 1878 E. F'itzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 423 Alfred [de Musset] appears to me a fine Fellow, very un-French in some respects.

un-French, v.

[un-^ 6 a.]

trans. To translate

from French. 1605 Gaywood in Sylvester's Du Bartas Pref. Sonn., Whom..loue to Heau’n and vs, Mou’d to vn-French his learned labours thus.

un'frenchified, ppl. a.

(un-' 8.)

1784 P. O LIVER in T. Hutchinson s Diary (1886) II. 400 Be sure, return unfrenchified in thought, word, and deed. 1833 T. Hook Love IS Pride, Marquess vii. Following the extremely unfrenchified fashion.

un'frenchify,

f. (un-®6c.)

1598 F lorio, 5/r0finos0fo,.. vnfrenchifide. 1814 Edin. Rev. Sept. 297 We are glad..to have the assistance of a Parisian .. to help to unfrenchify them.

un'frenzied, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.)

1805 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. unfrenzied hour.

IX. 243

In thy calmer and

un'frequency. Now rare or Obs.

(un-* 12, 5 b.)

1611 Cotgr., Infrequence, vnfrequencie, solitarinesse. 1662 Glanvill Lux Orient. 133 This may be the reason of the unfrequency of their appearance. 1753 Miss Collier Art Torment. 224 The frequency of corporal punishments, and the unfrequency of rewarding men. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) V. 708 The comparative unfrequency of criminative perjury. 1834 Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 397 A point, however, of less importance, from the unfrequency of their occurrence.

un'frequent, a. [un-' 7 and 5 b.] 1. = INFREQUENT a. 3. 1611 Florio, Infrequente, vnfrequent, seld, not frequent. 1712 Steele Spect. No. 472 Ipi This Misfortune is so very great and unfrequent, that one would think, an Establishment for all the Poor under it might be easily accomplished. 1793 Coleridge Songs of Pixies iii, Beneath whose foliage pale Fann’d by the unfrequent gale We shield us from the Tyrant’s mid-day rage. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. 246 In those unfrequent frosts which destroy all vegetation. 1866 Howells Venet. Life v. 63 The blond, unfrequent beauty of the German aliens,

b. With preceding negative. 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. ii. xiii. 230 As Deliriums and Phrensies are not unfrequent in Feavers. 1749 J. Mason Numbers in Poet. Compositions 57 This is a peculiar close, but not unfrequent in Milton. 1831 Scott Ct. Rob. vii, A personage not so unfrequent in the streets of Constantinople as to excite any particular notice. 1871 Mill Pol. Econ. (ed. 7) 200 There is, however, a not unfrequent case, in which the purpose of the borrower is different.

12. = INFREQUENT a. 2. Obs.-' i6i8 Rowlands Sacred Mem. 24 This place is solitary, vnfrequent; We are belated.

unfre'quent, t).

[un-' i4oruN-®3.] trans. To refrain or cease from frequenting. 1598 Florio, Disconuersare, to vnfrequent, not to conuerse together. Ibid., Sconuersare, to disaccompanie, to vnfrequent. 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 404 Glad to shun his hostile Gripe, They quit their Thefts, and unfrequent the Fields.

unfre'quented, ppl. a.

(un-' 8.)

1588 Shaks. Tit. A. II. i. 115 The Forrest walkes are wide and spacious. And many vnfrequented plots there are. 1653 H. CoGAN tr. Pinto's Trav. xlviii. 277 Not one appearing in the streets for the space of ten days, during which time all places were unfrequented. 1701 Norris Ideal World i. viii. 452 The straight and single, however unfrequented path of truth. 1779 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 154 During our stay here we found the islands unfrequented. 1817 J. Scott Paris Revisit, (ed. 4) 275 Going round .. by one of the more unfrequented walks, running through the woods. 1878 Huxley Physiogr. 189 There are no doubt many slight disturbances, in unfrequented districts.

Hence unfre'quentedness. 1654 Earl Orrery Parthen. (1676) 79 A Grove, whose unfrequentedness was fit for my melancholly. i68o H. More Apocal. Apoc. 160 There would be a great deadness of Trade, ..and so great unfrequentedness .. would seize his principal Seat. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. i. 5 The Unfrequentedness of the Coast between the Cape of Good Hope and Natal.

unfre'quenting, vbl. sb.

(un-' 12.)

1620 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1907) in. 578 We fynde the vnfrequentinge therof doth breed a murmer.

unfre'quenting,/>/)/. a.

[un-' io.]

t Unfrequented. 1607 Rowlands Famous Hist. 46 Terry, Guy and Osile wanting guide, Did stay about the unfrequenting Wood.

un'frequently, adv.

(un-* ii and 5b. Usually

with preceding negative.) 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 7 They like Judas desire death, and not unfrequently pursue it. 1674 Boyle Excell. Theol. 196 ’Tis not unfrequently so [prejudiced] by those, that mention him with an Encomium. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 397 Systematic philosophy.. is not unfrequently involved in difficulty. 1845 Lindley Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 35 Flowers white, unfrequently pink. 1893 Law Times XCV. 56/1 Negotiations.. not unfrequently fall through on some point of disagreement.

un-French, a. (un-‘ 7.)

fun'fret,

iJ.* Obs.-^ [un-^ 3 + fret f.®] trans. To unbind, untie.

1803 Lett. Miss Riversdale II. 249 Madame de Sainval.. prides herself much upon being so unfrench as to admit it.

1496 Bk. St. Albans, Fishing hjb, Unfrette hym thenne and lete hym drye in an hous roof in the smoke.

UNFRET

27

t un'fret, t!.* Obs. [i n-* 3 + freti'.*] trans. To make smooth; to unknit. 1594 GRttNt & Lodge Looking Gi. iii. i. To loppa will I flee, .And for a while to Tharsus shape my course, vntill the Lord vnfret His angry browes. 1601 Chester Love's Mart. xeix, O happie time since I with Nature met. My unmclodious Discord 1 vnfret.

un'fretted, ppl. a. [un-‘ 8.] 1. Not eaten or worn away; unimpaired. 1577 Stanyhiirst Hist. Irel. 91/1 in Holinshed I, At night againe he founde the Paper vnfretted, and musing thereof he beganne to poare on the writing. 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Xat. Philos. II. iii. 84 Shewing that the shell was..eaten away,.. but the thin skin .. continu’d altogether unfretted. 1894 Mrs. a. Webster Mother & Dau. (1895) 30 She sees this [feature] fair, and that unfretted still.

2, Not vexed or worried. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. III. 47 W'hen his mind was sufficiently unfretted. 1893 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 283 He is .. unfretted by the cares of housekeeping.

un'friable, a. (un-‘ 7 b.) 1802 Paley Nat. Theol. viii. (1819) 105 The elastic and unfriable nature of cartilage.

un'friend, sb. (and a.). Forms: (see un-' and sb.). [ME. unfreond, -frend, = WFris. on-, unfrjeon, MDu. onvrient (Du. -vriened), MLG. unvrund, MHG. unvriunt (G. unfreund).] 1. One who is not a friend or on friendly terms; an enemy. In early use chiefly Sc. (sometimes in predicate without article), and in the 19th cent, app. revived by Scott. FRIEND

c1275 I ^AY. 5632 We sollen.. slean houre onfrendes and wenden after Brenne. Ibid. 17612 Wend to oure onfreondes and drif heom of londe. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvi. 3890 For he doutit pe gret mycht Off his vnfreyndis, and t?are slycht. /. a.'

[un-' 8 b. Cf. Norw. ufrosen, Sw. ufrusen, MDu. (once) ongevroren.) Not frozen; not congealed by frost. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 31 Thair fatt.. freises nocht frahand .. bot certane dayes remanes vn-frossin lyke oylc. 1598 Florio, Ingelido, not frozen, vnfrozen. 1656 tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos, xxviii. 354 The Wine which remains unfrozen in the midst will be very strong. at turnes to mekill vngayne.

un'gain, a. Now chiefly dial,

7

c 1320 Antichrist 564 (MS. Cott. Vesp. A iii), Ungainfulli pan sal pai quak, \>2.X alle pe erth it sal do scak.

un'gainfully,

adv.‘‘

[f.

ungainful

a.'*]

Unprofitably.

a. Cf. ON. tigegn unreasonable, obstinate, MSw. ogen unsuitable, unpleasant.] 1. Of ways: Not plain or direct. [un-*

un'gainfully, adt).* Obs. [Cf. ungainful a.*] With discomfort; severely.

-t gain

a 1400 Bone Florence 1421 The lady seyde. We ryde ylle, Thes gates they are ungayne. 1426 Audelay Poems (Percy Soc.) 14 Therof the pepul wold be fayne, Fore to cum home a5ayne. That hath goon gatis ungayne, for defaute of ly3t. 1613 Beaum. & Fl. Cupid's Rev. iv. i, Though she take th’ ungain’st weas she can, I’ll ne’er ha’t fro’ you. 1824 (Carr] Craven Gloss. 119 Vngain, round about, indirect. 1854 Miss Baker Northampt. Gloss, s.v., An indirect roundabout road is an ungain one.

t2. Unsparing, severe; rough. Obs. C1400 Destr. Troy 1332 Ercules.. Gird gomes vnto grounde with vngayn strokes. C1425 Wyntoun Cron. i. xi. 952 Thare reueris ragis for na rayne, Na muffis for na wedderis vngayne.

3. Unpleasant, disagreeable. /)/. a.

a. (un-^ io.)

1788 H. Walpole Let. to Mrs. H. More 22 Sept., Your gambols, as you call them, after the most ungamboling peeress in Christendom.

tun'gang, v. Sc. Obs. [f. untrans. To surpass, go beyond.

um-

+

gang v.I

1768 Ross Helenore ii. 85 For it ungangs me sair gin at the last. To gang together binna found the best.

un'gangrened,

ppl.

a. (un-* 8.)

1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 8i Those., think that by cutting,.. they can more easily separate the gangrened from the ungangrened Parts.

un'garbed>

ppl.

a. (un-^ 8.)

1848 Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 199 A pure, cold .. rayonnance As is the moon’s of naked light, ungarbed In circumspheral air.

un'garbished,

excessyf price togedyr ungarbeled. 1614 St. Papers., Col., E. Indies (1862) 294, 20 bags of ungarbled pepper. 1649 Ho. Commons VI. 304/r An Act for Liberty to transport Spices ungarbled, was this Day read the Third time. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. \njrnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 37 At the end of the rains .. [the copal] is usually carried ungarbled to Zanzibar. C1870 Townend ^ Co.'s Circular Col. & For. Produce s.v. Coffee, Mocha Coffee, ungarbled.

2. Of a fact or statement: Not mutilated or misrepresented. 1721 Amherst Terras Fil. No. 41 (1726) 213 Some future unprostituted, ungarbled history of a rebellion. x8io Bentham Packing (1821) 116 A jury of the original, the constitutional, the ungarbled, the uncorrupted stamp. 1834 H. N. Coleridge GrA. Poets (ed. 2) 141 It is not without parallel in the ungarbled writings of greater wits than Zoilus.

un'gardened, (ppl.) a.

(un-^ 8, 9.)

1623 [see unfenced 2]. 1928 ‘Brent of Bin Bin’ Up Country ix. 139 Shy, ungardened, but industrious and dependable, he’s worked his sentence out without moral mishap. 1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 May 520/1 There were too .. the un-gardened gardens, the unapologetic messes, too sodden in winter., tor any caller to beat a path to their owners’ doors.

un'garlanded, (ppl.) a.

(un-* 8, 9.)

1828 WoRDSW. Triad io8 The ringlets of that head Why are they ungarlanded?

un'garment, v.

4.)

(un-*“ 1805 Southey Madoc in Wales i. v. 73 They.. Ungarmented my limbs, and in a net.. They laid and left me.

un'garmented, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1798 Southey Joan of Arc (ed. 2) iv. I. 245 And round her limbs ungarmented, the fire Curl’d its fierce flakes. 1818 Shelley Rosal. Helen 477 ’Tis.. houseless Want in frozen ways Wandering ungarmented. 1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovids Met. 73 Now tell..that thou hast viewed Dian ungarmented.

un'garnered, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1850 Tennyson In Mem. Ixxii, Thro’ clouds that drench the morning star. And whirl the ungarner’d sheaf afar. 1883 Goode Fish. Indust. U.S.A. 10 Where the harvest of the sea is still, for the most part, ungarnered.

un'garnish, v.

4.)

(un-^ 1530 Palsgr. 768/1, I ungarnysshe, Je desgarnis... Me thynke my cupborde is ungarnisshed nowe I wante my sake celler. 1598 Florio, Sfregiare, to vngarnish, to vndeck, to disadome. 1848 Dickens Dombey iii. When the funeral was over, Mr. Dombey ordered the furniture to be covered up .. and the rooms to be ungarnished.

un'garnished,

ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 137 The gome was vngamyst with god men to dele. C1400 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton, 1483) v. i. 74 How durst ony wyght trowen .. that he wold leuen his regne .. vngarnysed of his werkes. a 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 249 b, Thei shall.. deplore, and lament their vngarnished estate, and naked condicion. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas i. i. 291 A Heav’n.. Un-garnished, un-gilt with Stars apparent. 1621 Quarles Div. Poems, Esther viii. May my vngarnisht Quill presume so much. To glorifie it selfe. 1641 Milton Animadv. §4. 38 He that now for haste snatches up a plain ungarnish’t present as a thanke-offering to thee. 1705 Watts Lyrick Poems ii. (1743) 144 Beauteous she lies;.. Ungarnish’d; yet not blushing. i8ooWordsw. Michael 19A story.. ungarnished with events, a 1847 Eliza Cook Christmas Song of Poor Man ii, Some scrap, ungarnished, cold and scant. 1876 Fox Bourne Locke II. xi. 189 Plain, ungarnished words were certainly the best.

un'garrisoned, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1660 Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 18, I.. hope to see your Town once more ungarrisond. a 1701 Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1721) 48 On the north side it has an old Turkish ungarrison’d Castle. 1813 Edin. Rev. XXL 193 The frontiers were unguarded,.. the forts dismantled or ungarrisoned. 1865 W. G. Palgrave Arabia 11. 289 It is crowned by an old castle and tower.., now ungarrisoned.

un'gathered,

ppl. a. [un-* 8. ongegaderd, -gegaard.) 1. Not gathered or brought uncollected.

Cf.

Du.

together;

1461 Rolls of Park. V. 495/1 Youre dettes remaynyng ungadered. 1481 Coventry Leet Bk. 478 per rested behynde vngadered .. of l?e seide hole some xiij li. ixs. vj d. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. cxvi. 332 A great parte of that money as than nat payde and vngadered. 1590 H. Barrow in Confer. i. 9 They being as yet vngathered to Christ. 1625 Chas. I Sp. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 177 Your love to me.. you expressed by a Grant of Two Subsidies yet ungathered. 1851 Buried City of East, Nineveh vi. 93 Finding..the bundle of faggots for the evening fire yet ungathered. 1873 Proctor Expanse Heav. 191 Enormous quantities of as yet ungathered materials,

b. Spec. (See quot.) 1888 J ACOBi Printers' Vocab., Ungathered, books delivered to binders in sheets, i.e. not gathered into books.

2. Of flowers, etc.: Not gathered or culled; unpicked, unharvested. 1592 Daniel Compl. Rosamond 13 b, Th’ vngathred Rose, defended with the thornes. 1600 Surflet Countrie Forme ii. Ixv. 412 If at this time there be found euer a combe vngathered and not pluckt away,..you must not therefore kill the Bees. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. i. 51 We wonder’d .. For whom so late th’ ungather’d Apples hung. 1825 Scott Tatism. xix. Is it not hard that.. I should be doomed to see fade before me ungathered such a rich harvest of glory to God? 1850 Tennyson In Mem. civ. This holly by the cottage-eave, To night, ungather’d, shall it stand. 1896 Daily News 4 Sept. 7/5 The barleys which are still ungathered will, it is feared, be spoilt for malting purposes.

3. Not drawn together. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 63 Ouer all when they goe abroad they weare gownes .. vngathered in the shoulders. 1690 C. Nesse O. fef N. Test. I. 104 As a web of cloth is rolled up, only a little left at the end ungathered.

un'gaudy, a. (un-* 7.) 1795 Southey Let. to G. C. Bedford 29 Nov., The violet is ungaudy in the appearance, a 1834 Coleridge To Thelwall Poet. Wks. 1912 II. 1090 Ungaudy flowers that chastest odours breathe.

un'gauged, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1745 Young Nt. Th. viii. 671 A cask Unbroach’d by just authority, ungaug’d By temperance, by reason unrefin’d. 1872 Geo. Eliot Middlem. iii, Dorothea.. had looked deep into the ungauged reservoir of Mr. Casaubon’s mind. 1881 M. A. Lewis 2 Pretty G. HI. 207 There may be ungauged depths behind our chatter, and ungauged vanity behind your silence.

un'gauntlet, v. (un-^ 4.) 1846 Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. I. 144/2 The kings.. ran against the chalice of poison,.. by which their own hands were .. ungauntleted, undirked, and paralysed.

un'gauntleted, (ppl.) a. (un-* 8, 9.) 1800 Coleridge Talleyrand to Ld. Grenville 12 I’m no Jacobin foul,.. That your Lordship’s ungauntleted fingers need fear An infection! 01876 M. Collins Th. in Garden (1880) II. 266 [He] offers his ungauntleted hand in knightly fashion to his old opponent.

un'gayed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1670 Eachard Coni. Clergy 7 Getting by heart three or four leaves of ungay’d nonsense.

un'gazed, ppl. a. (UN-* 8 c.) i8i8 Mrs. Shelley Frankenst. xix, I lived ungazed at and unmolested. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. iv. 5 The meridian sun, Ungazed-upon and shapeless. 1902 F. Thompson in Academy 12 Apr. 378/1 Ophir he saw, her long-ungazed at gold.

unga'zetted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1825 T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. II. 352 An ungazetted commandery of Poyais.

un'gear, v. [un-^ 3, 4 b.] 1. trans. To unharness. Now dial, and N. Amer.

(un-* io.)

1744 Eliza Heywood Female Spect. iv. (1748) I. 208 Follies .. exposed in the ungalling satire of genteel comedy!

un'gamboling,

UNGED

30

and

ppl. a. (un-^ 8 garbage v.) 1641 S. Smith Herring Buss Trade 18 To sell them at sea ungarbished, salted or unsalted.

un'garter, II. (uN-**4b.) 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 98 He that had then vngartered mee, might haue pluckt out my heart at my hams. 1607 Markham Cavel. iv. (1617) 9 Which as soone as he doth, you shall immediately vngarter his legges. 1753 A. Murphy Gray's Innjrnl. No. 31, Ungartering my Stockings, and pulling off my Wig. 1886 Pall Mall G. 2 Dec. 6 A native unbraceleting or ungartering himself.

Hence un'gartering vbl. sb. 1785 G. A. Bellamy Apology (ed. 3) II. 15 He loved his good fat capon;. .and ungartering, as he called it.

un'gartered, (ppl.) a. [un-* 8, 9.] 1. Not tied with or wearing a garter. 1591 Shaks. Two Gentl. ii. i. 79 When you chidde at Sir Protheus, for going vngarter’d. 1607 Puritan ii. i. 233 A man that would..go vngarterd, vnbuttend, nay, sir Reuerence, vntrust, to Morning Prayer. 1647 R. STAPYLTON^wDewo/ 68 Trebius, oblig’d, has that for which he must Break’s sleep, and run ungarter’d and untrust. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones IV. viii, Catching hold of her ungartered stocking. 1823 S. Rogers Italy i. viii. 50 Gliding on, he comes Slip-shod, ungartered. 1828 Lytton Pelham. I. xxiv, Thornton., lounged idly in a chair, with one ungartered leg thrown over the elbow.

2. Not invested with the Order of the Garter.

un'garbled, ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not garbled, cleansed, or sifted; not selected or sorted out.

1845 Disraeli Sybil iv. xiv, Ireland was not yet governed by the Duke of Fitz-Aquitaine, and the Earl de Mowbray was still ungartered.

1439 Rolls of Park. V. 32/1, Uppon peyne of forfaiture of the said Spiceries so yfound ungarbeled and unclensyd. 1483 Act I Rich. Ill, c. xi. §i They will not suffre any garbelyng of theym to be made but sell good and bad at so

un-'Gasconated, ppl. a.

(un-** 8.)

1658 R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. I. iv. 102 You may.. teach them to speak good French, now you are perfectly VnGasconated.

C1611 Chapman Iliad xi. 536 And Nestor’s squire, Eurymedon, the horses did ungear. [1775 Ash, Ungear,.. to unharness, to deliver from the gears.] 1825 Brockett N.C. Words s.v.. Ungear the yoke. 1828 Trial of W. Dyon Son at York Assizes ii, I was ungeering the horses. 1846 T. L. McKenney Mem. I. vii. 157 Wading into the stream, we ungeared the obstinate animal, and led him out. 1854 Miss Baker Northampt. Gloss., Ungear, to unharness; restricted to husbandry horses. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xv. 237 At 2 p.m. we .. ungeared the mules, and crawled under the wagon for shade. 1975 E. Wigginton Foxfire 5 235 When I come in at night I’d put m’ mules up an’ ungear ’em.

2. To disconnect the gearing of. Alsoj^g. 1828 Craven Gloss, s.v., A mill is also said to be ungeared, when the water is turned off or the machinery displaced. 1852 Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 118 The necessity of ungearing the pinion. 1931 Galsworthy Maid in Waiting xxii. 188 He’ll almost certainly get up against something now he’s back. I f he does it will ungear him in no time.

un'geared, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 15.. Christ's Kirk 167 Bot quhair thair gobbis wes vngeird They gat vpoun the gammis. 1588 Wills Gf Inv. N. C. (Surtees i860) 329, vj geared yockes 4*, iiij yockes, ungeared, 6**, v geard forkes, 20^, ij forkes, vngeared, 6^*.

t'unged, a. Her. Obs. [Irreg. f. L. ung-uis or ung-ula hoof.] Represented with the hoofs of a different tincture from the animal itself. 1562 Legh Armory (1597) 51b, He bereth Or, a Hart tripping Geules. If you should haue occasion to tel of his homes, you should saie, he were attyred, and so likewise of the Bucke, and they are both vnged.

UNGELATINIZABLE

3»

un'gelatinizable, a, (ln-‘ 7b.)

1726 Tho.MSON Winter 718 Those sullen seas. That wash th’ ungenial pole, will rest no more. 1796 W. H. .Marshall W. England H. roo The frequency of rain .. renders West Devonshire,.. in a wet season, ungenial to Agriculture. 1829 Southey Sir T. More 11. 142 No plants will thrive in a cold and meagre soil, ungenial to their nature. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Land [f i Art.. transforms a rude,.. ungenial land into a paradise of comfort and plenty. fig. 1768 [W. Donaldson] Life Sir B. SapskullW. i. 7 The citizen from the ungenial atmosphere of Watling-Street.

1809 Phil. Trans. XCIX. 338 Un^elatinizable oxide of animal substance. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVI I. 675/1 Gelatin .. is converted into an ungelatinizable modification.

un'gelded, un'gelt,/>/>/. a. (un-‘ 8, 8 b.) a. 1398 1'revisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxiii. (Bodl. MS.), Malis haue strenger senewes.. Jeanne femalis.., and vngelded haue strenger l^anne gelded. 1598 Florio s.v. Integra. *573 Ti'SStR Hush. (1878) 82 Ungelt of the best [sows] keepe a couple for store. 1607 Markham Corel, i. (1617) 68 I'he longer that a Colt goes vngelt, the thicker and fatter his head will growe. 1651 Howell Venice 124 What are their soldiers but.. a multitude of unghelt Eunuchs? 1725 Fam. Diet. s.v. Sotv, The Male [swine] ungelt being call’d a Boar.

un'gendering, pp/. a. (un-' io.) 1706 De Foil Jure Dir. xi. 260 The Froth of Envy! V'ain ungendring Cloud, To beat the Minds of Fools, and move the Crowd.

un'general, v. rare. [uN-“ 6, 6 b.] 1. trans. To deprive of the rank of general. e abbot and pe chanouns of Osenay. .com barefoot and barelegged and ungerd [t».r. ungurd] porugh Londoun. c 1449 Pecock Repr. II. i. 135 That a man wole were a girdel, or that he wole go vngerd. 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxiv. 89 [She was] alle vngyrde, and vpon her knees, as a vassall that doeth homage to his lorde. 1523 Fitzherb. Surv. 31 b, He shalbe vngirde and his heed vneouered. 1565 Cooper, Recinctus, vngirded. 1865 W. G. Palgrave Arabia H. 42 His attendants caught up their swords where they lay ungirded for prayer. 1867 Augusta Wilson Vashti xxx, Her white merino robe de chambre was partially ungirded.

un'girdle. u. [un-*4, 4 b.] = ungird t). 1618 Bolton Florus ii. iv. 132 For i^milius having the victory, ungirdled them in the Capitoll. 1629 J. Maxwell tr. Herodian (1635) 141, I command my souldiers to ungirdle you; and divest you of all Military Attire.

un'girdled, ppl. a. (un-* 8 or un-’^ 8.) 1611 Florio, Discinto, vngirt, vngirdled. 1834 Lytton Pompeii 1. iii. Loosening to a yet more luxurious ease his ungirdled tunic. 1867 Myers St. Paul (1908) 23 Oceans ungirdled of the ocean-stream. 1887 Bowen JEneid iv. 518 One foot all unsandalled, her robe ungirdled, she stands.

un'girlish. a. (un-‘ 7.) 1850 Lynch Theoph. Trinal v. 8o Are not.. these last lines a little ungirlish? 1863 [Miss M. Roberts] Denise I. 92 Her new acquaintances thought her odd and ungirlish.

un'girt, ppl. a. [uN-* 8 b or f. ungird v. Cf. OFris. ««-, ongerty MDu. ongegort (Du. ~gord)y MHG. (and G.) ungegurtet.] 1. Not girded or wearing a girdle; having the girdle or belt undone, slackened, or removed. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10826 Vn-hosed & bareuot & vngurt al so. 13.. Coer de L. 4153 Out com the wardayn Orgayl, And an hundryd knyghtes.., Barefoot, ungyrt, withouten hood. C1380 Sir Ferumb. 1943 Bar-fot pou most go, Al open-her, & eke oungerte. c 1400 Gamelyn 215 Barfoot and vngirt Gamelyn In came. 1550 Thomas Ital. Gram., Discinto, vngyrte. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 109 The idle and sluggish person.. goeth loose and vngirt. 1604 Littleton's Tenures C2b, When the Tenaunt shall make Homage to his Lord, he shall be vngirt, and his head vneouered. /. a. (un-* 10.)

un'grease, v. (un-^ 4.)

*837 Praed Drachenfels 142 If the blinded tribes .. Could but have caught one bright brief glance Of that ungrieving countenance.

1611 Cotgr., Desgraisser, to vnfatten; vngrease. 1799 G. Smith Laboratory I. 436 To ungrease Wine in less than twenty-four hours.

t un'grieving, prei./>/)/«. Sc. Obs. [un-' sd.] Without grieving, distressing, or injuring.

un'greased, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) c Jacob's Well 260 As a carte-qweel, drye & vngrecyd, cryeth lowdest of o|?ere qwelys. 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. II. V. xiv. 250 The grating of an ungreased cartwheele upon the axle-tree. 1668 Shadwell Sullen Lovers iv, What a vile noise he makes, worse than .. a coach-wheel ungreas’d. 1783 Latham Gen. Syn. IV. 687 Having a creaking harsh kind of note, somewhat like .. an ungreased axle-tree, a 1894 Stevenson Lay Morals, etc. (1911) 247 A creaking of ungreased axles had been heard.

1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 321/1 The cleansing or separation of the peritoneal membrane, a portion only of which has been removed by the ‘ungreasing’ at the slaughter-house.

tun'great, a. Obs. In 6 Sc. ongrit. Small.

[un-‘ 7.]

*549 Compl. Scotl. xiv. 113 And als it vas as ongrit blythnes to sa mony.. tounis quhilkis hed randrit them .. to Annibal.

un-'Grecian, a. (un-' 7.) 1799 F. Burney Lei. a 19 Nov. (1973) IV. 359 William there may see Noses to his mind & if difficult already, make himself 10 times more so with every ungrecian one he sees. 1847 Leitch tr. C. O. Muller’s Anc. Art^zob. 171 The reliefs on sarcophagi.. did not come into general use until

un'grounded, ppl. a. [un-* 8. Cf. MDu. ongegrondet, -grant (Du. -grand), G. ungegrundet, Da. ugrundet, Sw. agrundad.] 1. Not based or established in something. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 38 Euyle lawis vngroundid in holy writt & reson. C1380-Sel. Wks. III. 351 bus love ungroundid in God.. mut nedis faile. 1426 Audelay Poems (Percy Soc.) 25 3e beth ungroundid in grace.

2. Having no real basis unfounded, groundless.

or justification;

^1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 337 If he had not couetise of worldly goodis .. he shuld .. leue al siche rownyng pzt is ungrundid. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. Ixii. §i6 A few men’s new, ungrounded, and as yet unapproved imagination. 1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 291 Humane deuices, and labyrinths of vngrounded distinctions. 1672 Newton in Phil. Trans. VII. 5084,1 shall refer him to my former Letter, by which that conjecture will appear to be ungrounded. 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 70 The Executions of their own ungrounded Fancies. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Christianity I. i. 30 Nothing can appear., more ungrounded. 1863 E. V. Neale Anal. Th. ^ Nat. 58 Thus the whole operation appears either useless or ungrounded.

3. Of persons: Not properly instructed or informed {in something). C1449 Pecock Repr. Prol. 3 Therfore to ech such vngroundid and vnredy and ouer hasti vndimymer and blamer y seie [etc.]. 1581 Mulcaster Positions iii. 11 It is a sufficient argument.. of an vngrounded learner, if his error be in speeche. 1646 P. Bulkeley Gospel Covt. ii. 111 If any be ignorant and ungrounded in the doctrine of grace. 1670 Baxter Cure Ch. Div. 168 The pitiful case of the ignorant and ungrounded, and troubled sort of religious persons.

un'groundedly, adf. [un-* ii.] Without any ground or basis. 1550 Bale Apol. 84 b, That putteth he in here, vngroundedly, doubtfully, hypocritically, and vtterly agaynst hymselfe. 1593 Nashe Strange Newes B j. They that are vngroundedly offended at any thing in ‘Pierce Pennilesse’. 1624 Bedell Lett. iii. 59 Many things there be in Poperie..to my conceit weakely and vngroundedly affirmed. 1692 Ray Disc. iii. ix. 343 The event shews how ungroundedly and erroneously. [Also in recent use.]

un'groundedness. [un-' 12.] The quality or state of being ungrounded; a. Of persons.

C1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xxxiii. (George) 517 Vngrewand hyme mare pan he Had dronkyne pyment & clarre. 1456 Sir G. Ha ye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 162 How may than a man do till othir sik dissait, ungrevand God?

1628 Bp. Hall Old Relig. Ded. ^8b, The cause..was, their vngroundednes in the points of Catechisme. 1652 Gaule Magastrom. 28 Away, then, with that excuse, from the folly, errour, and ungroundedness of the artsmen!

t un'gright, ^/)/. a. Obs. [un-* 8 b; see crutch Ungrudgingly; readily.

1637 Bastwick Litany iii. 7 Besides the impiety, vanity, and ungroundednes of it, let us looke .. into the needlesnesse and unprofitablenes of it. 1688 Steele Old Age 284 The folly and ungroundedness of this Imagination, is obvious. 1804 Ann. Rev. II. 296 We mention this., to expose the utter ungroundedness of the writer’s speculation.

c 1400 Destr. Troy 8868 Priam .. grauntid vngright with a good chere. 01400-50 Bk. Curtasye 751 in Babees Bk., J?o Coke assayes pe mete vngryjt.

un'grindable, a. (uN-* 7b.)

un'greasing, vbl. sb. (uN-^ 4, 8.)

1488 Acta Dom. Cone. (1839) 98/2 Half a boll of malt vn^ond, price xs. 1623 Fletcher & Rowley Maid in Mill v. ii. Shall the sayls of my love stand still? Shall the grists of my hopes be unground? 1631 Gouge God's Arrows ll. §24. 163 Some of them did eate the come as it was unground. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 300 A hundred sacks of unground malt. 1760 Ann. Reg., Chron. 192/2 A duty of id. 1. • shall be paid on every bushel of malt, whether ground or unground, which [etc.]. 1805 Dickson Pract. Agric. 1. 211 The trials which Dr. Hunter made with ground and unground bones. 1882 U.S. Rep. Prec. Met. 603 The mill is then stopped, [and] the water drained off from the unground sand and mercury.

1611 Cotgr. s.v. Morfil, The edge side of a new and vnground knife. 1793 Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 92 The swinging level.., fixed to the tube of the telescope,.. is unground. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. viii. 193 The finding of hundreds of unground implements. 1893 Athenaeum 25 Mar. The paleolithic or unground stage of the implement-maker’s art.

un'graven, ppl. a. Also 4 vngraue. [un-^ 8 b. Cf. (M)Du. ongegraven unburied, undug.] 1. Not engraved or carved.

C1400 Laud Troy Bk. 11104 Kyng Priamus Thought.. Where he myght saue Ector his sone Vngrauen with-oute corrupcione. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron, v, x. 2590 Mony a day Vngraiffin [v.r. wngrawyn] outwith pe erd he lay.

un'ground,/>p/. a. [uN-*8b.] 1. Not ground in a mill; not crushed or reduced to powder.

1846 Keightley Notes Virg. 332 Supplying., a totally un-Latin secundum, in Greek a Kara, which is for the most part quite as un-Greek. 1853 Whewell Grotius III. 221 The slaughter of the Thebans, who had surrendered, was an un-Greek massacre. 1871 Jowett Plato II. 38 One of the most remarkable conceptions of the Republic [of Plato], because un-Greek in character.

1855 M. Arnold ungreeting and cold.

t2. Unburied, uninterred. Obs.

1558 Phaer JEneid vi. Riijb, Through his hands he flies Like wind vngropable, or dreames.

2. Not sharpened, smoothed, or worn down by grinding.

1607 Shaks. Cor. II. iii. 233 His present portance, Which most gibingly, vngrauely, he did fashion After the inueterate Hate he beares you. 1698 Christ Exalted Ep. A 4 The Doctor, whom you have very ungravely treated, as an Heterodox wild Monster.

*377 Langl. P. pi. B. iv. 130 That.. Rome-renneres [take].. no siluer ouer see,.. Noyther graue ne vngraue. 1611 Florio, Inscolpito, vncarued, vngrauen. 1651 Stanley Poems 169 The o^s that most obdurate are Shall.. by themselves ungraven wear My verse upon their leaves and rind. 1855 M. Arnold Balder Dead ii. 165 Young men who died Too soon for fame, with white ungraven shields.

un'gropable, a. (un-* 7 b.)

in

B. adj. Not Greek in character; not accordance with Greek ideas or habits.

1882 [see greenable a.].

un'gravelled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

un'gravely,

1550 Chaucer's Boethius i. met. i. 220 b, Myne vnpytous lyfe draweth alonge vi^reable dwellinges [L. ingratas moras]. 1580 E. Knight Trial Truth 4b, This doctrine is so vngreeable vnto the children of pride, as [etc.]. 1886 Cunliffe Rochdale Gloss. 94 Vngreeable, disagreeable.

Their horses as ungroomed, and their hair as unkempt as usual.

b. Of opinions, statements, etc.

un’grouped, pp/. a. (un-* 8.)

1840 Carlyle in A. H. Stirling Life Stirling (1912) iii. 50 Windmills.. to grind.. sunbeams, or some other entirely ungrindable substance.

[1775 Ash.] 1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. II. vii. §8. 238 That palace;.. its capitals are all different and ungrouped.

fungrith: see un-* 3.

un'grow,

un'grizzled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1598 Florio, Discrescere,. .10 vngrow, to diminish, to wane. 1648 Hexham ii, Onwassen, to Vngrowe, to Waxe lesse.

1858 Motley Corr. (1889) 1. 311 Having thick, brown, ungrizzled hair and beard.

un’groaning,/)/>/. a. (un-* 10.) 1821 Byron Sardanap. i. ii. 265 Enough For me, if I can .. glide Ungroaning to the tomb.

un'groomed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1829 G. Griffin Collegians I. x. 216 Close behind..on that long-backed, ungroomed creature.. rides the crafty Ulysses of the assemblage. 1864 Sala in Daily Tel. 26 Feb.,

V.

(un-^ 7.)

un'grown, ppl. a. [un-* 8 b.] Not yet grown up or fully grown; immature. 1592 Shaks. Ven. 6? Ad. 526 No fisher but the ungrown fry forbears. 1596 - i Hen. IV, v. iv. 23 With lustier maintenance then I did looke for Of such an vngrowne Warriour. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. vi. iv, A narrow compasse best my ungrown Muse impounds. 1880 Miss Broughton Sec. Th. i. i, The Squire; his half-grown daughters ..; [and] his ungrown son.

UNGROWN-UP 'ungrown-up, ppl. a. and sb. [l'n-‘ 8 c, 12.]

b. In fig. contexts.

A. adj. Not grown-up; immature. •937 XLVI. 515 He may feel anxiety in the face of the infantile threats of his ungrown-up super-ego. 1945 A. L. Rowse Eng. Spirit xxxiii. 229 There was something curiously unadult, ungrown-up about him. i960 C. Storr Marianne & Mark x. 116 She thought this a very ungrown^ thing to do. 1980 J. Lees-Milne Haro/rf .ViVo/son xi. 201 To some extent he .. remained ungrown-up in that his code of social behaviour was what he had imbibed from his.. parents and schoolmasters.

B. sb. An unj?rown-up person,

rare.

1946 J. Lees-Milne Diary 22 Feb. (1983) 21 J. just the same sweet ungrown-up he always w'ill be.

un'grubbed, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) ri374 Ch.\ucer Former grobbed lay the vyne.

UNGUESSED

39

Age

14

Vn-koruen

and

vn-

un'grudged, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 01631 Donne Dir. Poems, Cross 31 For when that Crosse ungrudg’d, unto you stickes, Then are you to your selfe, a Crucifixe. 1822 L.mvib Elia i. Decay of Beggars, Theirs were the only rates .. ungrudged in the assessment. 1877 Blackie Wise Men 345 Loved and lover grow, By mutual breathing in of excellence. Ungrudged, unstinted.

un'grudging, pp/. a. (un-‘ io.) 1768-74 T UCKER Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 218 Such perfect ungrudging resistance both of pleasure and pain.. being impracticable. 1823 Lamb Elia 1. Decay of Beggars, Cheap monument of no ungrudging hand. 1890 Science-Gossip XXVI. 178/2 The provisions gathered by their sisters with ungrudging generosity.

Hence un'grudgingness. 1885 J. Martineau Types Ethic. Th. I. 1. 58 Plato speaks of the world as the product of the divine ungrudgingness.

un’grudgingly, arfr. (un-* ii.) Common from c i860. 01631 Donne Elegies xi. 67 Receive from him that doome ungrudgingly, Because he is the mouth of Destiny. 1822 Lamb Elia i. Roast Pig, I am one of those, who freely and ungrudgingly impart a share.. to a friend. 01862 Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 15 Let that honour be paid freely, ungrudgingly, and with an open and bounteous heart. 1887 Spectator 15 Oct. 1392 His gifts and graces must be ungrudgingly admitted.

ungtment, obs. form of ointment. ungual ('ABgwal), a. and sb. [f. L. ungu-is nail, claw + -AL^ Cf. UNGUEAL a.] A. adj. 1. Anat. a. Pertaining to, connected with, a nail or claw; esp. ungual phalanx^ the terminal bone in the digits of the hand or foot. 1834 Roget Anim. & Veg. Phys. I. 405 To the last joint, which is often termed the ungual bone, there is usually attached either a nail, a claw, or a hoof. 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 22/2 An external thick condyle, with which the ungual phalanx is articulated. 1898 A. S. Packard Entomol. 101 The ungual joint is wanting in the weevil Anoplus.

b. ungual bone, a lachrymal bone. 1888 Cassell's Encycl. Diet. s.v. Lachrymal.

1673 [R. Leigh] Transp. Reh. 39 This is .Momba’s and De Groot’s doings, to leave this passage open and ur^arded. a 1704 T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 1730 I. 56 Thus all the unguarded passes of his mind she’ll tr>'.

c. transf. In chess or card-playing: protected by other pieces or cards.

Not

1808 Hoyle's Game of Chess 46 note. Your knight will then defend your king’s pawn, otherwise unguarded. 1862 ‘Cavendish’ Whist (1864) 95 Queen singly guarded may make a trick, but the ten of clubs unguarded cannot.

2. Not on one’s guard; not taking heed or exercising caution. Chiefly fig. 1640 Fletcher, etc. Coronat. iv. i. ad fin., I.. have not A thought so much unguarded, as to be won From my truth, and innocence. 1697 Dryden JEneis xii. 1058 Rais’d on the Stretch, young Turnus aims a blow. Full on the Helm of his unguarded Foe. a 1763 W. King Polit. ^ Lit. Anecd. (1819) 44 Sir Robert [Walpole] was frequently very unguarded in his expressions. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla \\. 185 The unsuspicious frankness of an unguarded, because innocent nature. 1840 Lady Lyttelton Corr. (1912) 298 Such a new thing for her to dare to be unguarded in conversation with anybody. 1881 Jowett Thucyd. I. 186 The general who.. never loses an opportunity of striking at an unguarded foe.

b. Of times: Characterized by the absence of guard or caution. 1680 Otway Orphan i. I’ll yet possess her love. Wait on and watch her loose unguarded hours. 1776 Gibbon Decl. ^ F. xii. I. 336 An active enemy .. must, in the end, discover some feeble spot or some unguarded moment. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xv. III. 596 It is highly probable that his mother.. took a fatal advantage of some unguarded hour, when he was irritated by finding his advice slighted.

c. Of expressions, actions, etc.: Incautious, imprudent; careless. 1714 S. OcKLEY in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 350 If a person should.. upon the account of an unguarded expression.. suffer a capital sentence. 1751 Earl Orrery Remarks Swift ix. (1752) 114 A picture .. drawn in too loose a garment, and too unguarded a posture. 1827 Lytton Falkland 37, I have watched feeling in its unguarded sallies.

*835 -Rienzi x. vii. Their gestures were vehement and unguarded. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vii. II. 163 Every unguarded word uttered by him was noted down.

3. Not protected, screened, or fenced off, by some arrangement or device. 1771 Luckombe Hist. Print. 240, d,f, I, when they stand with their beaks unguarded,.. run as great a hazard [of being broken]. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 469 Ev’ry twentieth pace Conducts th’ unguarded nose to such a whiff Of stale debauch. 1844 Noad Electricity (ed. 2) 80 Decomposing water by current alone, and with unguarded poles. 1872 Howells WeddingJourn. (1892) 177 The road.., next the precipice, is unguarded by any sort of parapet. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 2 May 6/3 Dust or gas .. ignited by an unguarded lamp.

Hence un'guardedness. x8i8 T. Brown Brighton III. i. 38 So also does he argue with ability, when unguardedness does not break in upon him. 1825-9 Mrs. Sherwood Lady of Manor IV. xxvii. 282 That sort of unguardedness which consists in supposing all around one to be well-intentioned. 1887 Women's Union Jrnl. 15 Dec. 94 A moment of optical unguardedness, when .. eve-glasses lay on a table before him.

2, Path. Affecting the nail. 1872 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. 450 Ungual exostosis.. is a bony outgrowth from the extreme phalanx of the great toe.

B. sb. An ungual phalanx, claw, or bone. In recent use.

unguaran'teed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. xiv. i. VI. 396 The faith and hope unguaranteed by any earthly mediator. 1864 Smiles G. R. Stephenson 305 Stephenson.. avoided holding unguaranteed railway shares.

un'guard, v. [un-'* 4.] 1. trans. To strip of a guard or edging. 1598 Florio, Disfrangiare, to vnfringe,.. to vngard.

2. To deprive of a guard or defence; to lay open to attack. 1745 Fielding Tomjonesv. v, Some well-chosen presents from the philosopher so softened and unguarded the girl’s heart, that a favourable opportunity became irresistible. 1801 Ireland Nuptiae Sacrae 128 Every man. by degrees, will unguard the virtue of his house, hitherto sacred. 1847 Lytton Lucretia 64 She accepted the intimacy held out to her, not to unguard herself, but to lay open her opponent.

b. IVhtst, etc. To expose (a high card) to the risk of loss by discarding a lower and protecting card. 1862 'Cavendish’ Whist (1864) 95 Trick v.—a unguards his queen of spades. 1887 McIntosh Mod. Whist 8r It is better to blank an ace than unguard king or queen.

un'guardable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1690 Def. Dr. G. Walker 14 Yet this boldly asserted impregnable Fortress hath an unguardable Breach.

un'guarded, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not furnished with, or protected by, a guard; left undefended or open to attack, spoliation, etc. 0*593 Marlowe Ovid's Elegies in. iv. 26 Few loue what others haue vnguarded left. 1626 Mead in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. I. III. 250. I hear some of opinion that the Duke likes not so unguarded a place. 1697 Dryden JEneis xii. 817 He views the unguarded city from afar. In careless quiet, and secure of war. 1741-2 Gray Agrippina 5 Alone, unguarded and without a lictor. 1781 Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxi. III. 193 Ilis troops.. occupied the unguarded passes of the .Apennine. 1824 Miss L. M. Hawkins Annaline III. 40 [He] made off and left the door unguarded. 1869 Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 208 VVe used to ride.. through the countiw' unarmed and unguarded. 1885 Manch. Exam. 13 Jan. 5/3 A small body., entered the town by an unguarded gate.

un'guardedly, unguarded spectly.

adv. [un-* ii.] In an manner; incautiously, uncircum-

X867 Ure's Diet. Arts (ed. 6) III. 971 Unguents, the name given by engineers to the greases applied to the bearing parts of machinery.

'unguent, v. -are.] trans. anoint.

[f. prec. Cf. L. unguent-are. It. To treat with an unguent; to

X656 S. Holland Zara (1719) 42 When they found their Ears unguented with warm water. X657 Tomlinson Renou s Dtsp. 689 A Medick should be Unguented, that is, Perfumed. 18x9 Metropolis III. 194 Brushing, perfuming, unguenting, and twisting about the hair. X9X8 A. QuillerCouCH Foe-Farrell xvi. 273 *I under-stand,’ said I, looking up from my business of unguenting the stoker, who was not badly burnt.

'unguent, a. rare. [f. unguent sb. or v.] Of a person: emollient in manner, unctuous. X931 Belloc Cranmer ii. 30 He shrank, withdrew, was suave and unguent.

unguen'tarian. rare, [-ian.] = unguentary sb. 1. *657 Tomlinson Renou s Disp. 121 Plaisters.. bought in unguentarians shems. X894 Yellow Bk. I. 81 The admirable unguentarians of Bond Street.

I unguen'tarium. Archseol. [L. unguentdrium (fas), f. unguent-um unguent s^.] A vessel for holding ointment; an unguentary. X859 R. Hunt Guide Mus. Pract. Geol. (ed. 2) 85 Vases, bowls, lamps, unguentaria, amphorce. x888 Pall Mall G. 22 Aug. s/2 Besides the unguentaria. there are. .specimens of the early Phoenician glass.

'unguentary, sb. and a.

Now rare. [ad. L. unguentdrius, -a, -urn (adj. and sb.), f. unguertlum ointment. Cf. It. and Sp. unguentaria, OF. ung-, onguentaire.'\ A. sb. 1. A maker of or dealer in (perfumed) ointment; a perfumer. X382 Wyclif Exod. XXX. 25 An oynement maad with the werk of ungwentarye [1388 a makere of oynement]. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. He shal also take your doughters and make them his unguentaryes. X609 Bible (Douay) Exod. XXX. 25 Thou shalt make the holie oile of unction, an ointment compounded by the arte of an unguentarie. X684 tr. Agrippa's Van. Arts xc. 313 In stead of Alchymists, Cacochymists;.. in stead of Unguentaries, Victuallers.

2. = unguentarium. 191X Sotheby's Sale Catal. Egypt. Antiq. 87 An Unguentary, shaped as a Gazelle with its legs tied together.

B. adj. Adapted for use in, suitable for, having connexion with, ointments. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 273 Which Hippocrates calls myrepsicum, that is, unguentary, from its suavity. 1846 Worcester (citing Gent. Mag.). X89X Cent. Diet., Unguentary vase, a small vase for unguents.

unguen'tiferous, a. -(i)ferous. ointment.

Cf.

[See unguent sb. and It. unguentifero.] Producing

X844 T. Meyrick Fam. St. Richard, etc. 95 The saints who are called ‘Elaeophori’ or ‘unguentiferous’.

'unguentous, a. rare. [f. unguent 56. + -ous.] 1. Smeared with ointment; greasy.

1713 Berkeley Guard. No. 3 If i Whatever Clergymen, in Disputes against each other, have unguardedly uttered. 1746 Wesley Princ. Methodist 40 But how little did I profit by begging your Excuse, suppose I had spoken a Word unguardedly? 01813 in J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 477 The same spunge having been unguardedly used for different sores. 1886 Manch. Exam. 19 Oct. 5/5 The Bishop spoke unguardedly and without due premeditation.

Pleas. Notes iii. ii. 73 His bed was full of holes, so that the Flocks broke through the breaches, and stuck all about his fulsome and unguentous Body.

'ungueal, var. of ungual a. i.

funguenty. Obs.-^ (See quot.)

1835-6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. I. 289/2 The ultimate or ungueal phalanges. 1851 Mantell Petrifactions ii. §3. 116 The ungueal or claw-bones are large and strong.

unguent ('Aggwsnt), sb. Also 5 vngwent, 6-7 vnguent. [ad. L. unguent-um, f. unguere to anoint. Cf. F. onguent. It., Sp., Pg. unguento.] An ointment or salve. CX440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 147 Or madifie hit so in oil lauryne, Let drie hem, sowe hem, vp by oon assent They wol, and haue odour like her vnguent. 1448-9 J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes 1500 For had not a bene that precyus vngwent. He had be slayn and on pecys rente. 1563 T. Gale Antidot. 11. 7 Unto whiche I haue also added no smal number of vnguents. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. iii. 131 Forgetting the Physitions with all their drugges, unguents, and emplasters. 1656 J. Smith Pract. Physick 66 Unguents for scaldings must be made so that they stick not too fast. 1720 Pope Iliad xxiii. 229 Celestial Venus hover’d o’er his head. And roseate unguents, heav’nly fragrance! shed. 1778 Lightfoot Flora Scot. II. 618 The buds yield a yellow resinous unguent. 1857 Maurice Ep. St. John x. 162 Oils and unguents in the East had a virtue which we do not commonly attach to them. 1887 Bowen Mneid iii. 280 Bared and anointed shoulders with glistening unguent stream. attrib. 1894 Daily News 13 Dec. 8 A small unguent bottle, only slightly damaged, was in this part of the building.

b. fig. or in fig. context. 1596 Fitz-Geffrey Sir F. Drake (1881) 19 Soules sweet Emplastrum, unguent of the eyes, a 1625 Fletcher & Mass. Elder Bro. v. i. Your festred reputation, which no Balm or gentle Unguent could ever make way to. a 1683 Owen Two Discourses Holy Spirit (1693) 62 An Unction, an Unguent from the Holy One. 1838 James Louis XIV, I. 257 There was no unguent which made the wheels of their foreign policy move so rapidly as gold.

c. Spec. (See quot.)

1654 Gayton

2. Of the nature of ointment. X684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xix. 833 Unguentous things hinder transpiration. 1819 Metropolis HI. 151 His unguentous compound has not hindered a spoke from being put into his wheel.

cl^20 W. Gibson Farrier's Dispens. xv. (1734) 284 Unguentum Album, called by the common people, Unguenty.

un'guerdoned, ppl. a. Now poet,

(un-* 8.) *433 Rolls of Parlt. IV. 4.24/2 Suche as have so served and be unguerdonned. c X477 Caxton fason 47 b. As your trewe louer and humble seruaunt vnguerdonned I shal goe withdrawe me into som deserte. xoii Cotgr., Inguerdonne, vnguerdoned, vnrecompenced. 18x3 Scott Rokeby vi. xii, Unguerdon’d, I would give with joy The father’s arms to fold his boy. 1855 Singleton Virgil II. 25 No one of this company By me unguerdoned shall depart.

un'guessable, a.

(UN-‘ yb.) Our Village Ser. v. 278 An old bonnet, ..so twisted.. that its pristine shape was unguessable. X865 Dublin Univ. Mag. I. 266 There are passages.. the meaning whereof., is to me unknowable, unguessable. [Common in recent use.] 1832 Miss Mitford

un'guessed, ppl. a.

[un-* 8 and 8 c.]

11. Unexpected, unlooked-for. Obs. CX400 Comm. Luke (MS. Bodl. 143) i. 7 God ordeyned pat icon was born of fadir & modir of old age,.. pat bi vngessid birpe of child a graciousere 3ifte shulde enfourme hem.

2. Not solved or known by guessing. X590 Spenser F.Q. i. ix. 7 For whither he through fatall deepe foresight Me hither sent, for cause to me vngnest. Or [etc.]. 1805 Scott Last Minstrel v. xvii, But cause of terror, all unguess’d. Was fluttering in her gentle breast. 1837 Lytton Athens I. 50 The frequent operation of causes unrecognised, unforeseen, unguest. X900 Pilot 22 Sept. 358/2 An explanation of its mysterious and once unseen and unguessed processes.

b. Not guessed at, not dreamt of. 1746 Eliza Heywood Female Spect. No. 22 (1748) IV. 203 By what unseen, unguessed at means, are frequently the greatest events brought about! 1838 Lytton Zicci xiv. Art

UNGUESTLIKE thou some itinerant mountebank, or some unguest-offriend? 1876 Miss Yonge Womankind xiii, The best endeavours.. are often frustrated by some unguessed-at peril.

un*guestlike, a. or adv.

(un-*

7 c or 11 b.)

Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1851 IV. 207 He cast his eye unlawfully and unguestlike upon Herodias.., the wife of Philip. 1645

'unguical, a. rare, [f, L. unguic-ulus (see next) +

-AL*.]

= UNGUAL a.

Hence un'guidedly adv.

t'unguicle. Bot. Obs. [ad. L. unguiculus^ dim. of unguis nail, claw.] A part of a leaf or petal resembling a nail or claw. Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 375 Medlers, which are of a moderate magnitude, with late heads, discreted with five unguicles or leafes. 1796 H. Hunter tr. Si.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 95 The unguicle..is always clearer [in colour] than that of the rest of the petal. *657

[f. as prec. + -ar.]

=

1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxxii. 307 The last or unguicular joint.. is on both sides fringed with long hairs.

unguiculate (Aq'gwikjubt), a. and sb. [ad. mod.L. unguiculat-us (Ray, 1693), f. L. unguiculus UNGUICLE. Cf. F. ung-, onguicule.] 1. Bot. Of petals: Having an unguis or claw. 1802 R. Hall Elem. Bot. 193 Unguiculate.,. .cX^vjed. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 34 Their.. many-celled fruit, and unguiculate petals. 1861 Bentley Man. Bot. 454 Petals., imbricate, generally unequal and unguiculate.

2. Zool., etc. Ending in, assuming the form of, a nail or claw; a. Of the limbs of animals. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxx. 138 Those of the former.. resemble the second class of unguiculate prolegs, except in the defect of claws, 1852 Dana Crust, i. 252 Tarsus not unguiculate. 1881 Mivart Cat 472 Their digits are also unguiculate and never sheathed in horny hoofs,

b. Of Other organs or parts. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. HI. xxviii. 30 Mandibles cheliform or unguiculate. 1851 S. P. Woodward Mollusca 102 The operculum is described as.. Claw-shaped, or unguiculate. 1872 Coues N. Amer. Birds 25 A bill is., unguiculate (clawed), when strongly epignathous.

3. Zool. Of quadrupeds: Furnished with nails or claws; belonging to the order Unguiculata. 1839 Hallam Hist. Lit. iv. viii. §16 Quadrupeds he [sc. Ray] was the first to divide into ungulate and unguiculate, hoofed and clawed, a 1847 Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 843/2 In all unguiculate Mammalia the tarsal bones are well developed. 1877 Coues Fur Anim. iv. 117 Causing the feet to appear slender.., though they are relatively stouter than in many unguiculate animals.

b. sb.

An unguiculate quadruped.

1840 Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 42 Among the unguiculates the first is Man. a 1847 Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 236/2 Those Unguiculates which have the front teeth trenchant.

un'guiculated, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ed.] 1. = prec. 2. 1752 J. Hill Hist. Anim. no The Lacerta,.. with five unguiculated toes to each foot. 1819 Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 192 Antenna moniliform,.. maxillae unguiculated. 1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 424/1 The external jaw-feet are., sometimes unguiculated at the end. 1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. iii. i. 69 The toes free, flat, and unguiculated.

2. = prec. 3. 1834 M’Murtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 224 As the Marsupialia.. are parallel to the other unguiculated Mammalia. 1851 G. F. Richardson Geol. 336 Rodentia (or Gnawers). Form a natural order of unguiculated animals.

'unguicule. finger-nail.

rare”',

[ad. L. unguicul-us.]

A

Motteux Rabelais v, xx, Your Taciturnity., discovers that., you have.. scalptiz’d your heads with frequent applications of your Unguicules. [Not in Fr. original.] 1694

un'guidable, a. (uN-^yb.) 1822 Bewick Mem. 6 My father began by telling him that I was so very unguidable that he could not manage me. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 12 May 4/1 [The vessel,] in the absence of much wind, was almost unguidable.

un'guidably,

i. viii. 37 Passions unguided, are for the most part meere Madnesse. 17x1 Steele Spect. No. 167 [f i The unhappy P'orce of an Imagination, unguided by the Check of Reason and Judgment. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) HI. 136 He.. has left his own household unchastened and unguided. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. II. 26 It [Protestantism] sprung up spontaneously, unguided, unexcited,.. among the masses of the nation, a 1880 Geo. Eliot Leaves fr. Note-bk., Ess. (1884) 364 They are not left to their own unguided rashness, or their own unguided pusillanimity. Leviath.

I.

1833 Sir C. Bell Hand (1834) 106 These unguical bones, or bones of the claws.

un'guicular, a. rare. UNGUAL a. I.

UNGULATE

40

(un-^ ii.)

1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. 11. vi, Beautiful invention; mounting heavenward, so beautifully,—so unguidably!

un'guided, ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] Not guided in a particular path or direction; left to take one’s own course or way. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. xix. 341 The ship cannot keepe hir right course vnguided but will fall vpon euerie sande. 1633 Fletcher & Shirley Night-Walker iv. i, Ha. The world’s a Labyrinth, where unguided men Walk up and down to find their weariness. 1674 Boyle Grounds Corpusc. Philos. 3 The material parts being able by their own unguided motions, to cast themselves into such a system. 1726 Pope Odyss. xx. 441 Unguided hence my trembling steps I bend. i8oi Southey Thalaba i. xviii, Not by Heaven unseen, Nor in unguided wanderings, hast thou reach’d This secret place. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxi. 211 The dogs speed from hut to hut, almost unguided by their drivers. 1891 T. Hardy Tess ii. An unguided ramble into its recesses in bad weather.

b. fig. Of action, conduct, etc.: Undirected, uncontrolled. *597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 59 Th’ vnguided Dayes, And rotten Times, that you shall looke vpon. 1651 Hobbes

1660 tr. Amyraldus' Treat, cone. Relig. 11. i. 153 To discharge all his actions at randome, and permit his natural ^petites to run unguidedly at a venture. 1885 E. F. Byrrne Entangled i. xi, Her tongue spoke strangely and unguidedly.

un'guiferous, a. rare~K [f. L. ungui-s nail, claw -FERGUS.] Bearing nails or claws. 1826 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 137 The remaining description of unguiferous prolegs.. are those of certain Diptera.

'unguiform, a. [f. as prec. + -form.] Having the form of a nail or claw; claw-shaped. 1726 Monro Anat. Bones 137 These unguiform Bones compose the anterior internal Parts of the Orbites. 1815 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. iv. (1816) I. 140 Armed with two unguiform mandibles. 1843 Humphreys Brit. Butterflies 36 With sir^le claws furnished with an unguiform appendage. 1866 R. Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 83 The shell.. is unguiform.

un'guilded, a.

(un-‘ 9.)

1858 J- S. Brewer Mon. Francisc. Pref. p. xvii, For the unguilded population who resided in the suburbs.. there were no such advantages.

un'guileful, a.

(un-‘

7.)

1630 I. Craven Gods Tribunall (1631) 33 In the day when an vnguilefull Israelite shall not faile of a Testimonial!.

'unguilite. Geol. [f. L. unguis nail Gompholite.

-i-

-lite.]

1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 246 It alternates with unguilite (Nagel fluhe) in Swisserland .. and in Bavaria.

un'guillotined, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.)

1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. ii. viii, There too an unruly Linguet, still unguillotined,.. can emit his hoarse wailings. t

un'guiltihead. Obs. =

unguiltiness.

1470 H. Parker Dives ^ Pauper (1493) iv. xix. N vij b/1 The prest moste take hede whether his vngiltyede is openly knowen or is in doute. a

un'guiltily,

(un-*

ii.)

01634 Chapman Alphonsus i. Plays 1873 HI. 211 Thus am I wrong’d, God knows, unguiltily. 1861 Trench Comm. Ep. Churches Asia 119 All of us, by careless walking,.. are in danger of unconsciously, but not unguiltily, being the same. 1891 Meredith One of our Cong, xxvi, Unguiltily tainted, in herself she was innocent.

un'guiltiness.

(un-* 12.)

*535 Coverdale Job vi. 29 Be indifferent iudges, and considre myne vngyltinesse. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xvii. I It is lawfull for us to protest our ungiltynesse before God. 01634 Chapman Alphonsus v. 60 Great Emperor,.. Your Conscience knows my hearts unguiltiness. 01680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 301 Their approved Liberty of Conscience, and Unguiltiness of Faith.

fun'guiltless,

a.

Obs.-'

(un-* 15.)

C1320 Sir Tristr. 2144 Vngiltles er je sclaunder brou3t.

In swiche a

un'guilty, a. Forms: (see UN-* 4 c and a.), [un-* 7.] 1. Not guilty; guiltless; innocent: persons.

guilty

a.

Of

C893 [see below]. C1374 Chaucer Troylus iii. 1018 Is pis an honour to pi deite That folk vngiltyf [u.r. ongilti] suffren here Iniure? 1388 Wyclif Num. xiv. 18 Doynge awei wickidnesse and trespassis, and leeuynge no man vngilti. c 1440 jfacob's Well 22 Fleeth hem, 3if 3e be vngylty, & leuyth hem, 3if 3e be gilty. 1558 Phaer Mneid ii. Civb, Whom by a treason false the Greekes.. Ungiltie did condempne. 1599 Breton Miseries Manillia Wks. (Grosart) II. 46/1 The Lord of lordes dooth knowe this tale to bee untrue. And her unguiltie. 01634 Chapman Alphonsus v. i. 220, I kill’d thy father, therefore let me die, But save the life of this unguilty Empress. 1736 Thomson Liberty iv. 330 Rare to be seen, unguilty cities rise, Cities of brothers form’d. 1816 Monthly Mag. XLII. 430 Thou sea,.. Receive for ever in thy dark abyss The unguilty Melicertes. i860 Trench Serm. Westm. Abb. V. 53 The clothing .. could only have been obtained at the cost of.. the life of one unguilty. absol. C893 K. .i^lfred Oros. iv. vii, 184 Ac hit God wrsec on him.. past hie mid hiera cucum onguldon paet hie ungyltise ewealdon. 13.. Prose Psalter \k. 30 (Dubl. MS.), He sittep in waytynges wyp ryche men in preuytes pat he slee pe vngylty. 1553 Latimer Serm. Lord's Prayer vi. (1562) 46 And so we acknowledge our selues to be offenders. For the vngilty nedeth no pardon. 1612 Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 146 The guilty and unguilty are censured both alike by the common sort. 1703 Seer. Policy of Jansenists 24 That I may not asperse the unguilty.

b. Of the hands, mind, blood, etc. 13.. Prose Psalter cv. 35 And hij..shadde blode nou3t filed [u.r. vngilty blode]. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxxvii. 22 Kepe 3e 30ure hondes vngilti. 1595 Daniel Cit>. Wars l. xc, Stay here thy foote, thy yet vnguilty foote. 1605-Philotas ill. i, With th’ assured Chear Of my unguilty Conscience. 1633 Ford Broken H. ii. iii, Time can never On the white table of unguilty faith Write counterfeit dishonour. 1740 Richardson Pamela I. 230 Surrendering up my Life, spotless and unguilty, to that merciful Being who gave it.

c. Of an animal. rare~^.

1600 Maides Metam. i. in Sullen O. PI. (1882) I. 109 And, hauing slaine it, rip his panting breast, And take the heart of the vnguiltie beast.

2. Guiltless or innocent of something. 89 He of Baldac cryed, ‘late be! late be! he is vngylti of pat mannys deth!’ 1535 Coverdale Matt. xxvii. 24, 1 am vngiltie of y* bloude of this righteous man. *577 Grange Golden Aphrod. Eiijb, Sith I vnguiltie am thereof, I wil not seeke the same T’excuse. 1606 Chapman M. D'Olive Plays 1873 1. 224 Keepe vour cullour stiffe, vnguiltie of passion or disgrace. 1820 Hogg Tales & Sk. (1837) III. 96 He is as unguilty of the whole affair, as the child that is not after being born. c 1440 Jacob's Well

fb. Undeserving of. Obs.~^ 1596 W. Smith Chloris (1877) 21 With patience bearing loues captiuitie, Themselues vnguiltie of his wrath alleaging.

13. Not involving guilt. Obs. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia ni. x. This outward glosse, intitled Beautie, which it pleaseth you to lay to my (as I thinke) vnguiltie charge. 1662 J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 213 That now and then, the digestion beares the unguilty fault of the expulsive faculty.

'unguinal, a. Anat. [Irreg. f. L. ungui-s claw.] = UNGUAL a.

nail,

i860 Mayne Expos. Lex. s.v. 1870 Gillmore Reptiles & Birds ii. 59 A spur or nail.. in

tr. Figuiers which the anatomist discovered the elements of an unguinal phalanx.

t'unguinous, a. Obs. [ad. L. unguindsus, f. unguin-y unguen ointment.] Greasy, oily. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 174 The powder entreth into those unguinous or oleous plasters which the Greeks call Liparas. 1603-Plutarch's Mor. 6*75 The tortch staves made of them.. are so fattie and unguinous.

!l unguis ('Aqgwis). PI. ungues (-i’z). [L. unguis nail, claw, etc.] fl. = UNGULA 2. Obs. 1693 [see UNGULA 2]. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Pannus, The Pannus is an Excrescence.. less hard and membranous than the Unguis.

2. Bot. The narrow part of a petal, by which it is attached to the receptacle. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v., In preparing of Medicines, the Ungues.. are pull’d off the Flowers. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. I. iii. (1765) 7 Each Petal consists of Unguis, a Claw, which is the lower Part fastened to the Base. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 284 The inner segments of the perianthium being petaioid, with the stamens proceeding from the top of their ungues. 1879 A. Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §4. 245 The expanded portion of a petal.. is the Lamina or Blade; any much contracted base is the Unguis or Claw.

t3. A claw-shaped obstetrical instrument. Obs.-^ 1752 Smellie Midwif. Introd. p. xii, [Hippocrates] directs us to introduce the hand,.. dividing the parts with an unguis fixed on the great finger.

4. Zool.y etc. A nail or claw. C1790 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VI. 680/1 Tarsus, or foot.. Unguis, or claw. 1819 Macleay Horae Entomol. \. 66 The size of their tarsi and ungues, and their comparatively small pectus. 1840 Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 526 D0syu5..has the ungues of the two fore-feet.. bifid, the others entire. 1884 Coues N. Amer. Birds 102 There it is always terminated by a hard, horny, unguis or ‘nail’, more or less distinct.

fungul, anglicized f. next (in sense 4). 1670 Phil. Trans. V. 2006 He shews the Center of Gravity of all Arches of Circles, with their Superficial Vnguls.

Ilungula ('Aggjub). [L. ungula unguis nail, unguis.] t 1. = ONYCHA, ONYX 2. Obs.

claw,

hoof,

f.

1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxiv. 21 [15], Galban, and vngula, and gutta [1388 vngula, and gumme].

12. A morbid growth in the eye; = PTERYGIUM 2

onyx

3,

a. Obs.

c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 19 Vngula is a Hng, pat bigynnej? bi pe nose & goip over pe i^e til he keuere al pe i^e. 1597 A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. cijb/i When we desire to cut of[f] an Vngula. Ibid, cij b/2 An Eye, in the which is an Vngula. 1693 tr. Blancard's Phys. Diet. (ed. 2), Pterygium,.. a membranous Excrescence above the horny Tunic of the Eye, called Unguis and Ungula.

t3. =

unguis

3. Obs.-°

1693 tr. Blancard's Phys. Diet. (ed. 2), Ungula, a sort of hooked Instrument to draw a dead Foetus out of the Womb.

4. Geom. (See quots.) 1710 j. Harris Lex. Techn. II, Ungula, in Geometry, is the Section of a Cylinder cut off by a Plane, which passes obliquely thro’ the Plane of the casse, and part of the Cylindric Surface. 1824-5 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 362/1 A spherical wedge or ungula is that portion of the solid sphere, which is included between the same great semicircles, and has the lune for its base. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 514/2 The hoof of a horse looks like the part of a cone which is separated from the part containing the vertex by an oblique plane. Hence such a solid is called an ungula.

llUngulata (Angju'leita), sb. pi. [L. ungulata, neut. pi. of ungulatus: see next.] The order or division of ungulate or hoofed animals. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 352/2 The Ungulata, comprising the Belluae and Pecora. 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. 43 The spinous processes may be very much more prolonged, as in the Ungulata. 1891 W. H. Flower Horse 1. ii The group Ungulata, discarded by Linnaeus, Cuvier, and others,.. has been resuscitated of late years.

ungulate (‘Angjubt), a. and sb. [ad. L. unguldtuSy f. ungula hoof.] 1. Having the form of a hoof; hoof-shaped. 1802 R. Hall Elem. Bot. 193 Ungulate, or Hoof-shaped, 1858 W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. II. 634

ungulatus.

UNGULED Feel tridactylous, with all the toes insistent, ungulate. 1888 G. Allen in Longm. Mag. July 303 The slender and delicate ungulate feet of the gazelles and the chamois.

2. Of quadrupeds: Having hoofs, llte classification was introduced by Ray (1693). 1839 G. Robekts Diet. Geol. s.v., An ungulate quadruped. 1872 Darwin Ortg. Spec. (ed. 6) vii. 179 The competition .. must be between giraffe and giraffe, and not with the other ungulate animals. Ibid. xi. 302 The existing horse and certain older ungulate forms. 1875 C. C. Blake Zool. 32 The odd-toed division of ungulate Mammalia,

b. sb.

UNHALLOW

41

An ungulate animal.

1842 Brande Diet. Sci., etc. 1274/2. 1854 Owe:n in Orr’i Ciff. Set., Org. Nat. I. 236 In the odd-toed or ‘perissodactyle’ ungulates. 1894 Lydekker Roy. Nat. Hist. II. 152 In all the Ungulates the limbs have entirely ceased to be used as organs of prehension.

warms. 1892 ‘M. Field’ Sight ^ Song 40 Intent upon her work, as though It were full liberty ung>’ved to go.

unhabil, obs. Sc. var. unable a. fun'habilef a.

Obs.

[un-’ 7 and 5 b.]

=

INHABILE fl., UNABLE a. 1539 Elyot in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. H. 117 Nowe althowgh very unmeete and unhabile, I have ser\ yd the King .. truely and faithfully. 1567 Sc. Acts, Mary (1814) H. 573/1 Secerning thairfore.. his posteritie to be fra thine furth unhabile to bruik offices.. within this Realme. 1660 Jer. Taylor Ductor iii. ii. rule 2 § 14 The offending person is bound in Conscience not to accept a benefice.. to which by that censure he is made unhabile and unapt.

of naivete and openness of demeanour, that seemed to belong to one unhackneyed in the ways of intrigue. absol. 1796 Mme. D’.Arblay Camilla HI. 112 Public amusements, to the young and unhackneyed, give entertainment without requiring exertion.

2. Not rendered commonplace or stale by frequent use or contact. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Scr. i. 91 Her English was racy, unhackneyed, proper to the thought to a degree that only original thinking could give. 1856 G. Brimley Ess. (1858) 236 To open to her almost untried and certainly unhacknied regions of beauty. 1880 Academy 27 Nov. 390/1 His [picture].. shows a research after unhackneyed effects.

Hence un'hackneyedness.

un'babit, v. [un-® 4 b.] trans. To free from a habit; to disaccustom.

1884 Saintsbury in Ward Eng. Poets HI. 218 There is almost always something novel in his dressing up of his images and a suggestive unhackneyedness in their expression.

1822 Good Study Med. I. 174 Generally speaking, the tenderest food is that of the gallinaceous birds: then that of the ungulated quadrupeds. 1891 W. H. Flower Horse i. 11 The ungulated or hoofed animals, and the unguiculated.

1650 Fuller Pisgah ii. i. 64 So hard it is to unhabit mens mouths from old ill customs.

un'bad, ppl. a.

unguled ('Aqgju:ld), a. Her. [f. L. ungul-a claw,

1580 Reg. Privy Council Scot. HI. 304 The said hous.. remanis unhabite be him.

So 'ungulated a. rare.

hoof. Cf. UNGLED.] Of animals: Having the hoofs or claws of a different tincture from the body. 1572 Bossewell Armorie II. lOO Two demye hyppotames, sable, armed and vnguled. i6io Guillim fteraldry iii. xiv. 130 He beareth Argent, a Stagge Tripping Proper, Armed and Vnguled. a 1695 Wood Surv. Oxford (O.H.S.) III. 143 A lyon rampant sable, collered or, unguled and langed gules. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Unicorn, An Unicom seiant sable, armed and unguled, Or. 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 238 Two bucks, proper, attired, and unguled, or. 1864 Boutell Her. Hist. ^ Pop. xvii. (ed. 3) 280 Two bulls arg.,.. armed unguled, collared and chained. Ibid. xxi. 366 An ox gu., armed and unguled or.

'unguligrade,

a. Zool. [ad. mod.L. unguligradus, f. L. ungula claw + -gradus walking. Cf. F. ongulograde.} Walking on the tips of the digits. 1869 Huxley Introd. Classif. 146 UnguHgrade, those animals which walk on the tips of the digits only, which are always hoofed. 1881 Mivart Cat 472 The Carnivora also are always digitigrade or plantigrade, never unguligrade.

ungulite

('Ai]gjolait). Palasont. [f. L. ungul-a, UNGULA + -ite'.] a Palaeozoic brachiopod, the

fun'babit, ppl. Uninhabited.

a.

Sc.

Obs.

[un-^

8 b.]

un'babitable, a. Now rare. [uN-* yb and 5 b.] Uninhabitable. (Common c 1550-1690.) 1382 Wyclif Jer. ii. 6 Wher is the Lord, that.. ladde vs ouer by desert, by the lond vnhabitable? 1388-Jer. vi. 8 Lest.. Y sette thee forsakun, a loond vnhabitable [1382 vndwellable]. a 1485 Fortescue Wks. (1869) 486 He .. made Babyloyne unhabitable. 1527 in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) I. 219 The.. opinion, that vnder the line E(^inoctiall for much heate the land was vnhabitable. 1555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 297 That opinion.. touching the vnhabitable clime vnder the poles. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 90 Next vnto this stands Rhodes,.. once couered with the sea, or at least an vnhabitable marish. a 1652 J. Smith Sel. Disc. ix. 452 The soul of a wicked man becomes a very unhabitable and incommodious place to itself. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. 1. V. (1852) 76 They that have made Britain more unhabitable than the Torrid Zone. 1733 Swift On Poetry 181 So Geographers in Afric-M^s.. o’er unhabitable Downs Place Elephants for want of Towns. 1887 Spectator 15 Oct. 1381 The whole deep Northern fringe.. is unhabitable and uninhabited except by a few savages.

Hence un'habitableness.

un'gull, V.

(UN-* 6 b.)

1652 Benlowes Theoph. x. xxvi. Fawn, and betray, and Treasons self outdare,.. But I’l ungull thy Minions.

'ungulous, a.

[f. ungula.] Pertaining to or resembling a hoof; ungulate. (Webster, 1879.)

un'gum, V.

[UN-* 4 b. Cf. Du. ontgommen.] trans. To free from gum or from being gummed; spec, in the preparation of silk. 1598 Florio, Sgommare, to vngum, to vnplaister, to vnglue. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 142 As soon as the whole [of the silk] is completely ungummed, they [re. the hanks] are taken out. 1901 B. Pain Another Englishwoman's Love-Lett. xxv. 111,1 kiss the label.. until it comes ungummed.

Hence un'gummlng vbl. sb.

un'gummed, ppl.

a.' [un-* 8. Cf. Du. ongegomd.] Not smeared or treated with gum; free from gumming. [177s Ash.] 1799 G. Smith Laboratory 11. 80 An un¬ gummed paper will stick very close to the top of your tongue. 1891 Kipling City Dread/. Nt. 95 He now takes up an ungummed chupatti and fits it carefully all round.

a.* [f. ungum d.] Freed from

gum; detached from being gummed. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 142 Into bags of coarse canvass., about 25 lbs. or 35 lbs. of ungummed silk are enclosed.

un'gutted, ppl. a.

(un-‘ 8.)

1712 in J. J. Vernon Par. & Kirk Haruick (1900) 99 Thinking they [re. herring] would spile if lying ungutted until ye Monday.

un'gyve. v.

[un-® 4 b.]

trans.

Obs.-^

[un-' 8.]

=

1648 Hexham ii, Een Onbewoont landt, a land or country Vnhabitated.

tun'habited, ppl. a. Obs. [un-* 8 and sb.] Uninhabited. (Freq. c 1500-1625.) 1490 Caxton Eneydos xxii. 8i Goyng by longe wayes, dystroied, deserte & vnhabyted. 1491- Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) III. i. 3i7b/2 We arryued a londe in a contree unhabyted. 1553 Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 39 When Vesputius had entered into the Hand, he found it rude and vnhabited. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xi. 45 b, The promontory is ful of ruines vnhabited. 1640 J. Rutter 2nd Pt. Cid iii. i. 19 lie seek some place unhabited by women. 1656 Heylin Surv. France 75 She will rather choose to leave her fine house unhabited.

To free from

gyves or fetters. Also fig. 1531 Elyot Gov. n. vi, He.. commaunded hym to be ungyued and sette at libertie. 1569 Newton Cicero's Olde Age 4. I haue knowen a great mai^ie..who were well pleased to be ungiued, loosed, and deliuered out of the yoke of their sensuall lustes. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 31 o Our intellect being ungived from the body, if it want the light of God’s truth, it must needes lament and languish. 1831 Carlyle Sort. Res. ii. ix. My mind’s eyes were now unsealed, and its hands ung>’ved.

1864 Lowell Fireside Trav. 6o A deacon.. drinking in, with unhabitual ears, a song., with a dash of libertinism. 1895 J. Rae Life A. Smith xx. 324 Smith’s outbreak of very unhabitual irritation with Strahan.

1815 Milman Fazio (1821) 28 This cataract of courtesy O’erwhelms my weak and unhabituate ears.

unba'bituated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla I. 227 Delighted to give, but unhabituated to any other exertion. 1834 Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 632 Strangers, unhabituated to the climate and its diseases, suffer from remittents. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Diseases iv. 89 A full dose of the drug which in the unhabituated would produce profound.. narcosis.

unhable, obs. var. unable a. and v. un'backed, ppl. a.* [un-* 8 -I- hack v.' Cf. MDu. ongehact, Sw. ohackad.] Not hacked or cut. 1595 Shaks. John II. i. 254 With vnhack’d swords, and Helmets all vnbruis’d. 1606-Ant. S? Cl. li. vi. 38 To part with vnhackt edges, and beare backe Our Targes vndinted.

un'backed,p/>/. o.* [un-* 8, 9 -t- hacks*.’orv.®] 1. Not employed as a literary hack. 1778 Heroic Ep. Unfort. Monarch 2 A plain Unhack’d, unplac’d, amongst the venal quire.

bard,..

2. Not made common or hackneyed. 1894 Baring-Gould Deserts S. France I. Pref. p. vii, It is a country unhacked by ordinary tourists.

11. 424 My flax which I have

1607 \Iarston What you Will ll. i, Think’st thou a libertine, an vngiu’d breast Skornes not the shacklesse of thy enuious clogges? c 1850 Lowell Without & Within vii, I envy him the ungyved prance By which his freezing feet he

1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy i. xi. In plain truth, he was a man unhackneyed and unpractised in the world. 17^5 p- A. Bellamy Apology HI. 94, I was then unhackneyed in the villainies of mankind. 18x4 Scott Wav. xxxii, He had a sort

8.]

Not gyved or

1582 Stanyhurst /Eneis i. (Arb.) 21 The oars are cleene splintred, the helme is from ruther vnhafted. 1598 Florio, Smanicare,.. to vnhaft, to vnhilt, to vnhandle. 1611 Cotgr., Desmanchement, an vnhafting.

un'bafted, (ppl.) a. (un-* 8, 9.) 1894 Baring-Gould Deserts S. France I. 145 Their rude stone axes,.. unhafted.

unbail, a.\ see unhale a. un'bailed, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1715 Rowe Lady Jane Grey iv. i, Thro’ a staring ghastly looking crowd, Unhail’d, unbless’d, with heavy heart he went. 1828 Alford in Life (1873) 31 Disappointment, and unhail’d success. 1832 Tennyson Lady of Shalott 21 Unhail’d The shallop fiitteth silken-sail’d. 1896 Kipling Seven Seas 7 ’Twixt seas unsailed and shores unhailed.

un'bair, v.

[un-® 4 and 7. Cf. MDu. and Du. ontharen, MHG. entharen.] 1. trans. To deprive (the head, etc.) of hair. 1382 Wyclif Ezek. xxix. 18 Eche heed maad ballid, and eche shuldre is vnheerid. 1598 Florio, Dtsparuccare, to pull off ones haire or perawig, to vnhaire. 1606 Shaks. Ant. Cl. II. V. 64 He vnhaire thy head, Thou shah be whipt with Wyer. 1849 J. A. Carlyle tr. Dante's Inf. 393 Even if thou unhair me, I will not tell thee who 1 am.

b. Tanning. To remove the hair from (a skin) by special processes. 1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. Ser. v. 182 The hide is then spread out on the beam, and ‘unhaired’, that is, scraped with a knife till the hair is removed. 1880 27 Sept. 12/6 The cost of unhairing, fleshing, and scudding all kinds of skins.

2. intr. To lose the hair; to become free of hair. 1843 in Morfit Tanning & Currying (18^3) 177 So that they [it:, the hides] may unhair without tainting. 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Rec. Ser. ii. 370/1 The hide is said to unhair in 24 hours. 1852 Morfit Tanning Currying (1853) 20 The softened and unhaired skins. 1881 Morgan Con/ri^>. N. Amer. Ethnol. 127 Screens of willow matting or unhaired skins.

un'baired, a. [un-' 9.] Hairless, beardless. Suggested by Theobald (1733), and formally possible, but cf. unheard ppl. a. 2. 1595 Shaks. yoAn v. ii. 133 This vn-heard [Th. unhair’d] saweinesse and boyish Troopes, The King doth smile at.

un'bairing, vbl. sb. Tanning, [f. unhair v. i b.]

The process of removing the hair from skins. Also attrib. 1842 Penny Mag. 28 May 212/1 The operations of ‘fleshing’, of ‘unhairing’ and of ‘graining’ are.. nearly alike in their general appearance. 1851-4 Tomlinson Arts ^ Manuf. II. 30/1 A curved two-handled iron scraper, called the unhairing knife. 1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 331 The goat-skins.. then go on to the unhairing machine .. or to the unhairing beams.

un'bairy, a. (un-' 7.) 1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. 42 b, In their other partes their skinne is smothe and vnhayrye, because moysture is aboue heate.

un'bale, a. rare.

[UN-' 7. See hail a., hale a. 3. ] t a. Unsalutary. Obs. b. Not hale or healthy.

a. 1483 Gower's Conf. (Caxton) i. 2122 [He] yaf suche counseyle Towarde his kyng, which was vnneyle. b. 1653 E. Waterhouse Apol. Learn. 74 No more then it follows that a wasted man must get a child unhail, because he him-self is consumptive. 1828-32 Webster, Unhale, a., unsound;.. not healthy.

unbale, obs. variant of unwhole a.\ dial. var.

unbalesom, Sc. var. unwholesome.

v. [un-* 3. Cf. G. ent-^ Du. ontheiligen, ON. uhelga (Sw. ohelga, older Da. uhelge).] trans. To deprive of a holy or sacred character; to profane. (Common c 1575-1^^0.) un'ballow,

fettered; free.

[un-*

un'baft4 V. (un-® 4.)

left at home unhackled.

un'backneyed, pp/. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not habituated by long inexperienced. Const, in.

un'gyved, ppl-

tunbadien, v.: see un-® 2.

unhele V.

un'backled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1853 HiCKIE.4ris(opA. (1872)

Unobtained.

Hence un'haired ppl. a.

unba'bitual, a. (uN-* 7.)

unha'bituate,/)p/. a. [un-'8b.] = next.

1839 Ure Diet. Arts 142 For the first [method of scouring silk], or the ungumming. 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. 11. 39/1 Two operations are necessary [in silkbleaching], ‘ungumming’ (degommage) and ‘boiling’.

un'gummed, pp/.

t un'habitated, ppl. a. next.

[un-' 8 b.]

unbailsum, obs. Sc. var. unwholesome.

1661 Boyle Physiol. Ess. (1669) 27 The Unhabitableness of the Torrid Zone. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. ill. xxxiv. I. 523 marg.. Difficulties touching the Habitableness or Unhabitableness of the Planets.

obolus. ungulite grit: see obolite. 1850 Ansted Elem. Geol., Min., etc. §980 A sandstone, or grit, distinguished by a remarkable fossil (the Ungulite) unknown in Western Europe. Ibid. Index, Ungulite grit. i8S9 Murchison Siluria (ed. 3) xiv. 374 The little horny brachiopod, the Obolus or Ungulite, is so much more abundant than any other fossil, as to have induced Pander to give to the rock the name of Ungulite grit.

rare,

1421 HoccLEVEjereslaus' Wife 111 With this addicion, I>at he nat shal Wirke, my Conseil and assent vnhad. C1449 Pecock Repr. n. xi. 212 That the hool profite of remembring .. be not lost and vnhad. 1876 Whitby Gloss. 206 Unhad, not yet obtained.

practice;

1535 CovERDALE Isaiah Ivi. 2 He that taketh hede, y' he vnhalowe not the Sabbath. -Zeph. iii. 4 Hir prestes vnhaiowe the Sanctuary. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. 1. 8

UNHALLOWED Defylements that unhalowe the servis of God. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. in. 1898 That I, for ever, may those paths refuse Which may unhallow, or pervert my Muse. 1645 Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1851 IV. 192 Nothing more un¬ hallows a man, ..then a habit of wrath and perturbation. 1694 F, Bragge Disc. Parables xiv. 462 Pride, and vain¬ glory, and self-esteem,.. unhallow’d everything else that was good in him. 1821 Lamb Elia i. Grace before Meaty A sense of the co-presence of circumstances which unhallow the blessing, i860 Trench Serm. IVestm. Abb. xxix. 331 In a world where so much is ever seeking to unhallow our spirits, to render them common and profane.

un'hammered, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

a.

[OE.

unhdlsod (and unsehdlsod), f. UN-* 8 + hallowed ppL a.] 1. Not formally hallowed or consecrated; left secular or profane. ciooo Sax. Leechd. I. 380 Nim eall swa fela dropena.. unhaljodes eles. 1297 Glouc. (Rolls) 7156 Ac vor Jje chirche vn-halewed was, l?eruore him was wo; He po'^t lete it halwy. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8609 3yf Jjyng vnhalewed were forgete, bat yn holy cherche were lete. Or halewed I?yng yn ou|?er stede lay. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 69 bei wolen suffre an auter vnhalwedid [«V], or a chirche or a chirche jerde suspendid. c 1440 Jacob's Well 16 bey .. l>at.. beryn awey, or stelyn holy cherche good out of ony ober place vnhalwyd. 1532 More Con/wL TiWo/e Wks. 375/1 Nowe wyll not Tyndal sette a strawe the more by the annoyntyng with holye oyle, then by smeryng with vnhalowed butter. 1587 in T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xix. 492 margin, Men vnhallowed and vnconsecrated. 1797 S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. (1799) I. 311 Let us beware how we deem that spot unhallowed which receives the ashes of the good! 1805 Southey Madoc l. xv, This night. Thy father’s body., shall be., cast aside In some unhallowed pit, with foul disgrace.

2. Not having a hallowed or sacred character; unholy, impious, wicked: a. Of actions. 1591 Troub. Raigne K. John xii. 88 His quarrell is vn¬ hallowed, false, and wrong. 1626 Jackson Creed viii. xi. §i To adventure upon the pretended mysteries of some un¬ hallowed art. 1656 Milton Lett. State Wks. 1851 VIII. 361 That unhallow’d villany nefariously attempted upon the Person of our Agent. 1725 Pope Odyss. xii. 468 Six guilty days my wretched mates employ In impious feasting, and unhallow’d joy. 1813 Scott Rokeby vi. xviii. What ruth can Denzil claim from him. Whose thoughtless youth he led astray, And damn’d to this unhallow’d way? 1846 Mrs. A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xvi. 271 She., felt her heart shudder with unhallowed pleasure, as she thought of the dreadful day of reckoning.

b. Of persons, the hands, tongue, etc.

un'hamper,

[un-^ 5.] trans. To let out of a

cage or hamper. 1620 Shelton Quix. ii. xvii. 105 Ech of them striuing to get as farre from the Cart as they could, before the Lyons should be vnhampered.

c. Of places or things. 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. ii. iii. 210 Why dost not..helpe me out. From this vnhallow’d and blood-stained Hole? 1634 Milton Comus 757, I had not thought to have unlockt my lips In this unhallow’d air. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iv. xliv. 339 Wherein every thing.. (except the unhallowed Spittle of the Priest) hath some set form of Exorcisme. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia i. He had entered the unhallowed precincts, where devils still lingered about their ancient shrines.

Hence un'hallowedness. 1899 Mrs. E. Kennard Morals Midlands 399 It has shown me the unhallowedness of love that is not lawful. unhallow

3.] trans. To disengage;

to set free, release. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xx. xxxvi. Now all her Passions unhamper’d were, And every Bond to Libertie relented. 1675 Worthington Self-Resignation i. vi. 39 His mind is unhampered, disentangled, and set loose. 1831 Lamb Hercules Pacificatus 111 The varlets, glad to be unhamper’d. Made each a leg, —then fairly scamper’d.

un'hampered, ppl. a.

[un-* 8.] Unclogged, unimpeded. (Common from c 1850.)

01699 J- Beaumont Psyche ix. Ixxxix, Their free unhamper’d Contemplations towre Up to the crest of their divine desires. 1724 E. Erskine Serm. Wks. (1791) 118 A full, free, and unhampered offer. 1882 Bryce Manitoba 23 He would start unhampered by old conditions and pre¬ existing enactments.

fun'hanced, ppl. a.

[un-‘

8.]

Not raised or

lifted up. 1582 Stanyhurst JEneis, etc. (Arb.) 126 Therefor in houre iudicial The vngodlye shal vnhaunst remayne.

un'hand, t’. [uN-2 4b.] trans. To take the hand off; to release from one’s grasp; to let go. Chiefly arch, in the imperative phrase unhand me! 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. iv. 84 Vnhand me Gentlemen: By Heau’n, He make a Ghost of him that lets me. 1655 tr. Sorel's Com. Hist. Francion vii. 22, I desire them to unhand me. 1687 Mrs. Behn Lucky Chance v. Unhand me, false deceiver, let me loose! 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) 11. 358 Unhand me this moment, or I will cry out for help. 1801 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T., Angelina iv, Unhand my Angelina, or I shall die! i860 Sala Baddington Peerage I. vii. 132 The surgeon unhanded his assistant, looking at him with a vexed and puzzled air. fig. 1880 Lanier Sunrise 77 ’Tis here thou canst unhand thy heart And breathe it free.

un'handcuffed, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

is88 Shaks. Tit. A. V. iii. 14 Away Inhumaine Dogge, Vnhallowed Slaue. 1603 Drayton Bar. Warsv. xxxv. Vile traytors, hold of your vnhallowed hands. 1663 Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xvii, He cares not for being extolled by such unhallowed mouths. 1703 Rowe Ulysses i. i, The rude unhallow’d Railer’s Tongue. 1765 Goldsm. Hermit xxiv. Forgive a stranger rude,.. Whose feet unhallow’d thus intrude Where Heaven and you reside. 1827 Disraeli V. Grey vi. i. 272 Ye most unhallowed rogues.

un'hallowing, vbl. sb. [f.

un'handsome, a. (and adv.)

[1775 Ash.] 1861 Sir W'. Fairbairn Iron 214 These results give a mean of 27 246 tons for the unhammered.. steel.

un’hamper, un'hallowed, ppl.

UNHANDSOMELY

42

v.] The

action of making unhallowed. C1554 Bradford Hurt of Hearing Mass (1580) Cv, The prophanation and vnhallowyng, bothe of bodie and soule. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. Ixxiv. i Beholding the horrible unhalowing of the Temple. 1645 Ussher Body Div. (1647) 242 The unhallowing or prophaneing of the Sabbath, a 1859 De Quincey in Hogg De Q. & Friends (1895) 89 A sort of desecration and unhallowing analogous to the profanation of a temple.

1861 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. Part. HI. clxii. 178 They might as well say, allow men to go un-handcuffed, and [etc.]. 1894 Daily News 8 Dec. 7/1 The prisoner.. was seen sitting.. unhandcuffed.

un'handicapped, ppl. a.

(un-^ 8.)

1879 Meredith Egoist xxxvi, How was he to compete with these unhandicapped men?

un'handily,

ii.)

(un-*

1706 Stevens i, Inabilmente, unaptly, unhandily. 1775 Ash, Unhandily.., aukwardly. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gr. XII. vi. IV. 163 St. Agnes Day falls but unhandily this year; and I think the Fair will.. not be held. 1896 De Vinne Moxon's Mech. Exerc., Printing 421 The signature was put unhandily in the center of the line.

un'handiness. [un-^ 12.] 1. Awkwardness, inexpertness. 1706 Stevens i, Inhabilidad, Inhability, Unhandiness, Incapacity. 1862 Miss Yonge C'tess Kate iii. Whether it were from the difference of height, or from Kate’s innate unhandiness. 1889 The Fozce (N.Y.) 19 Sept., From whom communications would be accepted,.. if only some one would help their unhandiness with the pen.

2. Unmanageableness. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 449/1 The sloop rig., is so dangerous as to demand large crews to control its unhandiness. 1897 Mary Kingsley W. Africa 609 It was highly dangerous,.. because of the violent storms .. and the unhandiness of the native craft.

un'handled, ppl. unhallow-washed, ppl. a.

[un-^

8.]

Not

sprinkled with holy water. 1614 Sylvester Pari. Vertues Royall 196 When, by misheed or by mis-hap, hee corns Un-hallow-washt into the Sacred Rooms.

un'haloed, a.

(un-^

9.)

1823 J. Wilson Trials Marg. Lyndsay xxxix. The evening sun sank.. and left the sky open.. to an unhaloed moon.

un'halsed,/>/>/. a. Sc. [un-^ 8 + HALSEtJ.^3. Cf. ON. uheilsadr (MSw. ohelsadh, MDa. uhelset).] Not greeted or saluted. 15*3 Douglas JEneid ix. v. 141 Now hir I leif onhalsyt as I ryde. 1821 Scott Pirate xxi. It shall never be said that my kinswoman sat in her bower unhalsed.

un'halter,

4h. Cf. MDu. onthalteren.)

1584 Peele Arraignm. Paris iv. ii, I do know a cast.. that we would help t’unhalter them as fast. 1598 Florio, Scapestrato, vnbridled, vnhaltred, disintangled. 1611 Cotgr.. Deschevestrer, to vnhalter, or take off the halter from. 1816 J. WILSON City of Plague 287 Unhalter yon poor wretch -he must be carried Back to his prison.

un'halting, ppl. a.

(un-* 10.)

1832 L. Hunt Poems Pref. p. xlv, An unhalting and consistent narrative. 1852 Rock Ch. of Fathers i. viii. III. 54 Holding., the true Catholic belief in the Eucharist, with a faith that was unhalting.

a. [un-^ 8. Cf. MDu. ongehandelt, OHG. ungehandeldt, MDa. uhandlet (not negotiated).] 1. Of horses, etc.: Not broken in; untamed. 1558 N. Co. Wills (Surtees 1912) 12 My yong blacke hambling gelding unhandlyd. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. v. i. 72 A wilde and wanton heard Or race of youthful and vnhandled colts. 1639 T. DE Gray Expert Farrier 302 Horses unhandled, to wit, in their youth. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 68 Every description of horse, or mule, whether previously broke or unhandled. 1902 Kipling The Islanders 21 Sons of the sheltered city—unmade, unhandled, unmeet—Ye pushed them raw to the battle.

2. Not dealt with or treated of. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, in. ii. 58 Cardinal! Campeius.. Ha’s left the cause o’ th’ King vnhandled. 1657 Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 79 The extraction of oyles is yet unhandled,

b. Untried, unemployed. 1826 Galt Last of Lairds xi. 103 There’s no a claw.. the whilk Caption will leave unhandled.

3. Not touched with the hand. Also^ig. a 1657 R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 218 Those [delights] that .. after an advantagious intermission return fresh and unhandled to the senses. 1745 Eliza Heywood Female Spect. No. 17 (1748) HI. 258 The plumb unhandled lost its bloom. 1794 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 59, I, too, possessed the tender irritableness of unhandled sensibility.

un'handselled,/)/)/. a.

[un-* 7. Cf. WFris. on-, unhdnsum inexpert, unmanageable, Du. and Flem. onhandzaam (earlier -saem) intractable, unusable, older Da. uhandsem.] 1. Not handsome, elegant, or graceful; faulty in appearance, form, or structure; plain, uncomely. 1530 Palsgr. 328/1 Unhansome,.. mowrat/e. 1579 E. K. Gloss to Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Nov. si Not corned, that is rude and vnhansome. 1589 Horsey Trav. (Hakl. Soc.) App. 343, I was placed in an howse verie unhandsoom [and] unholsoom. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche xvi. clxxxix. Who ever thought the Rose or Lilie stood Guilty of course unhandsom Nakednesse, Because they never put on borrowed Hood? 1695 Phil. Trans. XIX. 152 This was formerly no unhandsom Structure, being built in the form of our Churches. 1781 P. Beckford Hunting (1802) 49, I could tell you that I have seen very good sport with very unhandsome packs. 1789 Gibbon Autobiogr. (1854) 43 A narrow, gloomy street, the most unfrequented of an unhandsome town. 1819 Scott Ivanhoexiv, Both dressed in the ancient Saxon garb,.. not unhandsome in itself. 1866 R. Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 142 Helix rotundata is provided with not an unhandsome shell. 1895 Sir G. Parker Trail of Sword viii, A large unhandsome house.

b. Of persons, their features, etc. 01586 Sidney Arcadia ii. xix, I was glad I had done so good a deede for a Gentlewoman not unhandsome. 1631 A. Townshend Albion's Tri. 22, I was as loath to be brought vpon the Stage as an vnhansom Man is to see himselfe in a great Glasse. 1653 R. Sanders Physiogn. 144 Socrates was the most nasty and unhandsom of all men living. 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (1720) II. 215 This spruce, affected, not unhandsome Lawyer had maid the Overture of his fair Person to Corinna. 1787 W. Thomson tr. Hist. Gt. Brit. ill. I. 121 Being generally well-shaped, and not unhandsome. 1826 Q. Rev. XXXIV. 331 It was hard to say whether he was more dunce or dwarf, more unlearned or unhandsome. 1887 Anne Elliot Old Man's Favour ii. i, A dark, unhandsome .. face.

c. As adv. Unhandsomely. 1596 Spenser F.Q. v. xii. 38 Such were these Hags, and so vnhandsome drest.

t2. Unhandy, inconvenient, ill-adapted. Obs. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John ix. 67 The night (perdy) is unhansome to woorke in. 1567 Palfreyman Baldwin's Mor. Philos. To Rdr., If I should haue ioyned the said number of sentences to the whole sum of this treatise, it should .. haue seemed .. the more vnhandsome of the reader to be carried. 1608 Topsell Serpents 270 These kindes of Spyders haue.. shorter feete, and more vnhandsome to worke or finish any Webbes in their Loomes. 1690 Nesse O. N. Test. I. 451 A loose, discinct, and diffluent mind is unready, unnimble, unhandy, and unhandsome for Gods service.

t3. Inexpert, unskilful. Obs.~^ 1604 Shaks. 0th. iii. iv. 151, I was (vnhandsome Warrior, as I am) Arraigning his vnkindnesse with my soule.

4. Unfitting, unbecoming, unseemly; discour¬ teous, mean. 1645 Chas. I in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 317 The treuth is, that his unhansom quitting the Castell and Forte of Bristol, hath inforced me to put him off those Commands. 1658 in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 83 Let mee conjure you not to doe a thing soe unhandsom, soe unmanly. 1729 Franklin Ew. Wks. 1840 II. 18 It is barbarously unhandsome that one should be the butt of the company. 1799 Dundas in Owen Wellesley's Desp. (1877) 700 It was an unhandsome proceeding upon their part. 1810 Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 234 What he thought unhandsome conduct on the part of the plaintiff. 1856 G. Wilson Gateways Knowl. (1859) 96 To employ one’s tongue., to speak against itself is but unhandsome treatment of it.

b. Of expressions, language, etc. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. v. §263 To countenance those unhandsome expressions.. they had found a new way of exprobration. 1656 Hobbes iSzx Lerrom Wks. 1845 VII. 331, I leave it to your consideration to whom belong.. the unhandsome attributes you so often give me. 1704 Lond. Gaz. No. 3987/2 Their Commander, having used some unhandsome Expressions, was detained. 1732 Neal Hist. Purit. I. 187 It was reported that some of the warmer Puritans had turned the Habits into ridicule, and given unhandsome language to them that wore them. 1814 Jane Austen Mansfield Park xxi. Lest it should betray her into any observations seemingly unhandsome.

c. Not generous or liberal. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. HI. 109 I’ll take her without a sixpence; which, let me tell you, I think no unhandsome offer.

t5. Unfortunate; unhappy. Obs. 1633 Fletcher & Shirley Night-Walker i. i, I know she loves him .. Beyond the Indies in his mouldy Cabinets, But ’tis her unhandsome fate. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden To Rdr., Sundry unhandsome dysasters have happened to the ruine of many.

t6. Unpleasant, nasty. Obs. 1660 Jer. Taylor Ductor 1. v. rule 8 §28 Like unhandsome and ill-tasted physick, it is against nature in the taking and in its operating.

un'handsomely, adv. [un-* ii; cf. prec.] fl. Not dexterously or cleverly; unskilfully. Obs. 1545 Ascham Toxoph. I. (Arb.) 89 And so the more stronge man not vsed to shote, shootes moost vnhansumlye. i6ii Cotgr., Faire le mibaudichon, to doe a thing foolishly, or ill-fauouredly; vnhandsomely to goe about it. 1638 Junius Paint. Ancients 100 The boy.. did delight.. to make oxen, horses, and men likewise, and., did it not unhandsomly.

2. Ungracefully, inelegantly. (un-* 8.)

1837 Emerson Addr. Amer. Schol. Wks. (Bohn) II. 182 Out of unhandselled savage nature.. come at last Alfred and Shakespeare. 01862 Thoreau Maine W. i. (1864) 70 Here was no man’s garden, but the unhandselled globe.

1565 Cooper s.v. Incompositus, The verses runne vnhandsomely. 01586 Sidney Arcadia 1. xvii, About his middle he had.. a long cloake of silke, which as unhandsomely, as it needes must, became the wearer. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. i. What fouler object in

UNHANDSOMENESS the world than to see a young, fair, handsome beauty unhandsomely dighted? 1670 Owen Disc. vi. (1760) 82 A Man may have a Garment that may fit very ill, very unhandsomely, about him. 1705 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. 111. Pain 13 Tfie Roman Gladiators.. chose rather to receive a Cut than avoid it unhandsomely.

t3. Unfitly; inappropriately, awkwardly. Obs. • 548 Elyot, Incommode,.. vngaynely,.. vnhandsomely, vn-easyly, 1573 Baret Alt’. 1. 96 Verie Incommodiouslie, verie vnhandsomelie. 1649 Jer. Taylor Apol. Liturgy §92 This was not unhandsomely intimated by the word sometimes used by., the Greek church. 1651 C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. l. 290 These things do but very unhandsomely hang together. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 192 Lacqueyes.. in querpo, which sutes not unhandsomly with the word awfiara, bodies.

4. Unfittingly, meanly.

unbecomingly;

UNHAPPILY

43

illiberally,

1650 R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Wars iv. 79 His Majesty .. thought it best to do that, while his authoritie was intire, which perhaps necessity might unhandsomely inforce him to. 1668 Dryden Tyrannic Love iv. i, He raves, sir, and, to cover my disdain. Unhandsomely would his denial feign. 1700 in Pennsylv. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 4 A bill.. opposed and voted out 1 think, very unhandsomely. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. iv. 82 Dering., had charged him with neglect of religion, and unhandsomely and untruly told him [etc.]. 1839 Hallam Flist. Lit. 111. ii. §61 This story Franklin, rather unhandsomely, appropriated to himself. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvii. iV. 55 He had poor relations; and the government.. had most unhandsomely left them to his care.

b. Discourteously, rudely; without due respect or consideration. 1662 Pepys Diary 5 Nov., My Lady Batten .. complained .. of my wife’s speaking unhandsomely of her. 1707 Norris Treat. Humility vi. 250 To know when he is handsomely or unhandsomely treated. 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy i. xii, Bruised and mis-shapened with the blow's which.. some others have so unhandsomely given me in the dark. 01781 R. Watson Philip II, in. (1793) I. 378 They complained that their masters were rather used unhandsomely. 1817 Kirby Sc Sp. Entomol. xix. II. 170 They seize her, keep her in confinement, and treat her very unhandsomely.

un'handsomeness. [un-' iz.] fl. Unhandiness; inconvenience. Obs. 1550 Thomas, Malageuolezza, vnhandsomnesse, or difficultee. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ll. (1586) 83 b. Such Uines as are ioyned with Trees, for the vnhandsomenesse, can not be thus handled.

2. Inelegance, uncomeliness, plainness. 01586 Sidney Arcadia ii. xxii, The sweetnes of her countenance did give such a grace to what she did, that it did make hansome the unhansomnes. 1606 Dekker Sev. Sins i. (Arb.) 11 Couered with two or three threed-bare Carpets.. to hide the vnhandsomnes of the Carpenters worke. 1658 Whole Duty Man xiii. §7 First, for infirmities, be they either of body or mind, the deformity and unhandsomness of the one, or the weakness and folly of the other [etc.]. 1675 G. R. tr. Le Grand's Man without Passion 168 You carry nothing of less use about you then that which you employ to hide your unhandsomeness. 1873 Miss Broughton Nancy I. 6 We reach our nadir of unhandsomeness in Ton Ton.

3. Unbecomingness; unfittingness. 1598 Florio, Sgratia, a disgrace, a gracelesnes or vnhandsomnes. 1611 Cotgr., Inconvenance, a misbecomming, vnhandsomenesse, vnfitnesse, vnseemelinesse. 1653 Jer. Taylor 5erm./or Year, Winter ii. 26 Then we shall see things as they are, the evill circumstances and the crooked intentions, the adherent unhandsomenesse and the direct crimes. 1664 Ingelo Bentiv. ^ Ur. vi. 350 When they Consider that Unhandsomness which will never cease to attend their unjust Prosperities. 1774 Adam Smith in Thomson Life Cullen (1832) I. 475 Bating the unhandsomeness of the practice,.. in what manner does the public suffer by it? 1871 Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. June 338 The unhandsomeness of breakfasting upon one’s offspring.

un'handsoming, vbl. sb. (un-^ 6 a, 8.) 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse Bivb, Any thing that is said or doone to the vnhandsoming of their ambition, is straight wrested to the name of treason. 1593 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 180 Vnhandsoming of diuinityship, absurdifying of phrases.

un'handy, a. [un-‘ 7. Cf. WFris. on-, unhandich, Du. onhandig, LG. unhandig. Da. uhsendig, Norw. uhendig, Sw. ohdndig.'] 1. Not easy to handle or manage; inconvenient, awkw'ard, clumsy. 1664 Etheredge Lctve in Tub ii. iii. If she be not as kind as fair. But peevish and unhandy. Leave her. 1719 De Foe Crusoe II. (Globe) 422 They took in Pieces all my clumsy unhandy Things. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia M. (1825) I. 68 Our boat carried a large unhandy sail. 1778 [W. H. Marshall] Minutes Agric., Digest 47 Their being worked double made them unhandy. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague II. V. 114 These swords are ugly and unhandy things. 1871 Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. Feb. 91 The ver>' size and nature of the rig of many of the Spanish ships rendered them unwieldy and ‘unhandy’, as sailors call it. 1876 iV. Amer. Rev. CXXIII. 32 .4n unhandy arrangement, which detracts from the value of the work.

2. Not skilful in using the hands; lacking in dexterity. 1669 Shadwell Royal Shepherd i. i, O fie, Urania! howunhandy art thou! Sir, let me practise my little skill in surgery Upon you. 1726 Swift Gulliver iii. ii, Yet in the common actions and behaviour of life, I have not seen a more clumsy, awkward, and unhandy people. 1798 W. Hutton Life 6 Being hurt at seeing the nurse unhandy, she would do the work herself. 1850 Grote Greece ii. lx. (1862) V. 288 The Akarnanian darters.. were for this reason unhandy with their missiles. 1876 1'revelyan Macaulay

(1883) 1. 123 He was unhandy to a degree quite unexampled in the ejmerience of all who knew him. fig. 1653 Kennett Erasm. on Folly 32 Wise men were so awkward and unhandy in the ordering of publick affairs.

un'hang, d. [un-* 3. Cf. Du. onthangen.] 1. trans. To take down from a hanging position. ill. 293 For ho so fus leued his lyff to the ende .. My3te seie ^at he sawe .. heuene were vnhonge out of pe hookis. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. exxiv. (1869) 66 From thennes the scauberk she vnheeng and brouhte it. c 1532 Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 941 To unhange, despendre. 1598 Florio, Disimpiccare, to vnhang. 1614 W. Browne Sheph. Pipe i. B 2 b. Wicked Swaines, that t>eare me spight,.. Of my fold will draw the pegges,.. Or vnhang my Weathers bell. 1630 J. Taylor (Water r.) Trav. Wks. III. 82/1, I pray the let vs make hast, and put the Waggon vnder the Gibbet, to see if we can vnhang and saue him. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack v. They unhanged a small copper, and brought it off. 1769 Lloyd’s Even. Post Sept.-Oct. 319/2 A Butcher’s wife..was endeavouring to unhang a joint of meat. 1856 Smetham in Beardmore Smetham (1906) 26 Unhanging a Turner from the wall of a distant room, he brought it to the table. 1888 A. Nutt Holy Grail 40 No knight should .. unhang the shield till Galahad should come. fig. 1616 Hieron Wks. II. 24 It was not inough.. for our Sauiour to take them off, & (as it were) to vnhang them from the world, unlesse He did also fixe them other-where. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles

b. Naut. fastening.

To remove (a rudder) from its

1600 Hakluyt Voy. III. 552 Their cables do oftentimes breake, and their ruthers are vnhanged,.. by reason the shippes doe ride but in little water. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 49 They were forced to unhang the Rudder, and new hang it ^ain. 1772-84 Cook's Voy. (1790) III. 796 We., found the Tamar lying between the island and the main, having unhung her rudder. 1799 Naval Chron. 11. 568 The rudder of the Isis was unhung.

c. To divest of hangings. rare~^. 1719 Boyer Diet. Royal ii. la Tapisserie d'une Chambre.

To Unhang a Room, detendre

2. To undo the hanging of (a person). 1829 Southey Pilgrim to Compostella iii. 54 So, with all honours that might be. They gently unhang’d Pierre. 1837 Hawthorne Twice-told T. (1851) I. vii. 134 And hanging the nigger wouldn’t unhang the old gentleman!

un'hanged. ppl. a. [un-^ 8. Cf. Sw. ohangd.] Not (yet) executed by hanging. (Cf. unhung ppL a. 2.) c 1440 York Myst. xxxii. 186 bou on-hanged harlott, hark what I saie. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccxviii. [ccxiv.] 674 It is pytie these vnthriftes be vnhanged or drowned, for tellyng of suche lies. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, 11. iv. 144 There Hues not three good men vnhang’d in England. 1786 Burns Twa Dogs 228 They.. Pore owre the devil’s pictur’d beuks;.. An’ cheat like ony unhanged blackguard. 1821 Scott Kenilw. v, Some evil fortune dogs the heels of that unhanged rogue Lambourne. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair li. We may abuse a man as much as we like, and call him the greatest rascal unhanged —but do we wish to hang him therefore? 1899 T. M. Ellis Cat's-eye Rings 78 Through this unhanged fiend .. my mother was one day.. murdered. transf. 1834 Tait's Mag. I. 54/1 The advent of the Whigs to power.. has been a decided godsend to the trading advocates of unhanged abuses.

un'hanging, vbl. sb. hanging (a gate).

[uN-* 13.]

Omission of

a 1500 Bk. of Brome {1886) 166 3e shall enquere 3ef yer is ony mane yal hath no3te hangyd his fal-yates,.. the whiche on-hangyng hath be noyans to hys neyburs.

un'hangingly, atfr. [uN-* ii.] t Disconnectedly. r 1449 Pecock Repr. iv. iv. 441 For elles this clausul.. hadde be seid vnpertynently and vnhangingli fro the materis of the clausulis foiewing and afore going.

fun'hapt sb. Obs. [un-* 12. Cf. ON. uhapp (Icel. ohapp, Norw. dial, uhapp)^ and wanhap.] 1. Misfortune, mishap. ’ed vs about as it were in a triumphe. 1552 Huloet, Vnharnayes exarmo. 1802 James Milit. Diet., Unharnessed, disarmed, divested of armour or weapons of offence.

2. To free (horses, etc.) from harness; to unyoke. A\so fig. and (in recent use) absol. 1611 CoTGR., Desharnacher, to vnhamesse, or vntrap; to take off the furniture from a horse. 1643-5 Milton Divorce II. xxi. When two unfortunately met are by the Canon forc’t to draw in that yoke., till death unharnesse ’em. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. ii. 96 The sweating steers, unharnessed from the yoke. Bring, as in triumph, back the crooked lough. 1746 Phil. Trans. XLIV. 296 The Carter drove him ome; but, as soon as he had unharnessed him, the poor Creature.. dropp’d down dead immediately. 1799 Hull Advertiser 2 Feb. 2/4 A number of respectable inhabitants unharnessed the cattle from his carriage. 1852 Grote Greece il. Ixxi. IX. 203 Xenophon unharnessing a waggon-bullock .., immediately offered sacrifice. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 10 June 5/1 He had to leave off helping to unharness the horse.

Hence un'harnessing vbl. sb.

(un-' ii.)

[un-‘ 8.]

11. Not ornamented or trimmed. Obs.

1888 Contemp. Rev. Nov. 676 To grapple unharmed and unharmfully with the very deepest problems of our being.

1488 Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 83 A belt of crammassy hernessit with gold and braid;.. a belt of gold vnharnessit.

un’harming, ppl. a. (un-^ 10.)

/>/. a. (un-‘ io.) Also, in recent use, unAizshMgTtcss. 1839 Carlyle Chartism iv. Perseverance, unhasting un¬ resting diligence,.. characterise this people. 1872 Morley Voltaire 287 That grave and unhasting dignity, which is the life of history. 1891 W. Tuckwell Tongues in Trees 151 Unhasting yet unresting chroniclers of fleeting time.

un'hasty, a. (un-* 7.) 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. iii. 4 One day nigh wearie of the yrkesome way. From her vnhastie beast she did alight. 1651 Jer. Taylor Serm.for Year II. xv. 192 He is a perfect man .. who hath .. so unhasty and wary a spirit, as that he decrees upon no act before he hath considered maturely.

un'hat, V. (un-* 4, 7.) 1611 Florio, Disberettare, to vneap, to vnhat. 1879 H. Spencer Ceremonial Inst. vi. 134 Unhatting on the knees when the host is carried by, occurs still in Catholic countries. 1883 Academy 30 June 460/1 To the latter we must often unhat as to the oldest of acquaintances.

un'hatched, ppl. a.* (un-* 8 -i- hatch d.')

1856 Lever Martins of Cro' M. xv. Grooming, and shoeing, and unharnessing went on with.. noise and merriment.

un'harnessed, ppl. a.‘ un'harmfully,

UNHAZARDOUS

45

105 Nofher hcaucnly f^ods nor fortune blind of ^ght Wcr both vnhardy tattcmpt agcin his might. 1539 'I'averner Erasm. Prov. (1545) 79 With sluggers or unhardy persons, it is alwayes holy daye. x6ii Speed FItst. Gt. Brit. ix. xi. §5. 555^^ > Neither yet was he vnhardie in Arms. 1671 Milton P.H. m. 243 The wisest, unexperienc’t, will be ever.. Irresolute, unhardy, unadventrous.

(un-* 8.) 1856 Hawthorne Snow Image, etc. (1879) 221 By some accident, it had been left unhasped. *894 Barinc-Gould

i6oi Holland Pliny I. 298 Whiles the chick is unhatched and within the egge. 1794 Morse Amer. Geog. 169 The young cuckow .. immediately sets about clearing the nest of the young sparrows, and the remaining unhatched eggs. 1854 Badham Halieut. 186 Many [tunny-fish].. drop their unhatched posterity about, wherever they ttiay happen to reside. 1872 Darwin Orig. Spec. (ed. 6) iv. 68 ihe hard tip to the beak of unhatched birds, used for breaking the egg. fig. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. iii. 65 But doe not dull thy palme, with entertainment Of each vnhatch’t, vnfledg’d Comrade. *635 Pagitt Christianog. 223 Papall Indulgences were then unhatched. at i Thine sai o womman wilani, If i sua did i war vn-hind [v.r. vnhend]. Ibid. 28426 Gains godd i haue bene vn-hende, bat i wit-halden ha my tende. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16022 But longe er hit was brought til ende. He was slayn wyp folk vnhende. c 1380 Sir Ferumbras 1965 barafter schalt how wende.. And take pt kyng pzt is ounhende. />/.

unhale

unhend

a.

a. Obs.

[uN-^8b.] Not hid; unconcealed.

'bly stynken,.. for they haue liued fu! vnhonestly in fowle lustes. i486 Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 12 Yf the same preest so chosen vnhonestly behave hvm. 1535 Coverdale Prov. xii. 4 She that behaueth herself vnhonestly, is a corrupcion in his bones. 1597 Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 400 His Proctors wife, with whom..he acquainted himselfe ouer familiarly and vnhonestly. 1609 Bible (Douay) 2 Sam. xiii. 2.

un'honesty. Obs. exc. dial. [uN-* 12, 5 b.] Absence or lack of honesty (esp. in obsolete senses of that word). /. a. (un-^ 8.) a 1513 Fabyan Chron. vii. (1516) 103/1 The holye seruyee of God [was] lefte, and holye Churche vnworshyppyd Sc vnhonouryd, with many great enormyties. 1633 P. Fletcher To my honoured Cousin W. R. vii. Here among th’ unhonour’d willows shade. 1697 Dryden JEneis xi. 314 The rest, unhonoured, and without a name, Are cast a common heap to feed the flame. 1718 Prior Solomon iii. 176 Unhonor’d from the Board The Crystal Urn, when broken, is thrown by. 1751 Gray Elegy xxiv, Mindful of th’ unhonour’d Dead. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vi. §3. 166 Those comfortless and unhonoured dwellings. 1891 Farrar Darkn. & Dawn xxxvi, The site of her sepulchre was left unhonoured and no mound was raised above her ashes.

un'hood, V. [un-^ 4.] trans. To divest (spec, a hawk) of a hood or similar covering. Also absol. (а) 1575 Turberv. Falconrie 79 At the ende of three dayes you may unhood hir and feede hir unhooded. 1652 Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xviii. 488 Like Hawks when they are first unhooded, and newly restored to the light. 1667 Dryden Sir Martin Mar-all v. iii. He’s an ill Falconer that will unhood before the quarry be in sight. 1742 Somerville Field Sports 10 Falcner, take care,.. And slily stalk; unhood thy Falcon bold. 1852 R. F. Burton Falconry Valley Indus vi. 65 The falconer unhoods her, places her upon the perch. (б) 1601 Holland Pliny 1. 221 Perceiving after that he was unhooded that he served as a stalion to his own dam. 1608 Sylvester Du Bartas, Job Triumphant 615, I will not hide .. [Leviathan’s] Strength, nor seemly Symmetries. Who shall unhood him? 1629 Massinger Picture iii. v, Enter servants with Mathias .. blindfolded. Acanthe... I’ll anon unhood him. 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xii, [In] one of the lonely aisles.. he unhooded the lamp. 1853 Rock Ch. of Fathers III. x. 491 Among all that sea of heads, there is not one but is bared and unhooded. 1887 Browning Parleyings, Apollo & Fates 121 Unhook wings, unhood brows! Dost hearken? transf. 1603 Florio Montaigne ii. xii. 334 Some people.. who tooke pleasure to vnhood the end of their yard, and to cut off the fore-skin. h.fig.

or in fig. context.

1648 Boyle Seraph. Love (1660) 11 As it has hitherto been my not unprosperous task to unhood your soul, I shall now ..shew her game to fly at. ci68i Hickeringill Trimmer Wks. 1716 I. 356, I am forc’d to bring him to light, and unhood him, sometimes by some (otherwise unwelcome) Periphrasis. 1824 New Monthly Mag. X. 306 Thou unhood’st the stars, Shew’st their bright eyes. 1848 Boker Calaynos ill. iii. They two can put their restless heads together, Unhood their thoughts at every whim that flies. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D. xii, Tom Faggus himself was a quarry for the law, if ever it should be unhooded.

un'hooded, ppl. a. [un-^ 8 or un-^ 8: cf. prec.] Not wearing, divested of, a hood. Also fig. 1575 [see unhood u. (a)]. 1614 Latham Falconry 12 Many of them will be more gentle .. when they are vnhooded, then when they are hooded. 1730 Ramsay Fables, Lure 63 [He] loos’d the falcon frae his hand. Unhooded, up she sprang with birr. 1795 Southey of Arc vii. 140 A rude coat of mail Unhosed, unhooded, as of lowly line He wore. 1798 Bloomfield Farmer's Boy, Autumn v. 269 In earliest hours of dark unhooded mom. 1848 Lytton Harold ix. i, On a perch.. sate his favourite Norway falcon, unhooded. 1868 Adah I. Menken Infelicia 129 In the great strength of thy unhooded soul, pray for my weakness.

un'hoodwinked, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1657 W. Brayne in Thurloe Coll. St. Papers (1742) VI. 211 They haveing bin unadvisedly brought unhudwinckt through the fortifications of our harbour. 1904 Kipling Traffics (Sf Discoveries 38 Let Zeus adjudge your landward kin,.. But ye the unhoodwinked waves shall test.

1530 Palsgr. 768/1, I unhooffe a horse, I pull of his hooffe,7e dessole. Ibid., And you unhoofe this hors agaynst wynter, he is utterly marred. 1598 Florio, Disonghiare, to vn-naile, or to vnhoofe.

un'hoofed,/>/)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1709 Shaftesb. Charac. (1711) II. 301 Ask not merely, Why Man is naked, why unhoof d, why slower-footed than the Beasts?

un'hook, [uN-''4b.] 1. trans. To detach from a hook; to disengage or unfasten in this way. Also refl. See also hook u. 5 b. 1611 Cotgr., Desaccrocher, to vnhooke. 1662 J. Bargrave Pope Alex. VII, etc. (1867) 136 To break a fall, they will hang by the horns, and, when they have taken breath, they unhook themselves and take another leap. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 132 If the wind should blow against the back sides of the said sails.. the said bars or rods will be unhooked and set at liberty. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro' M. 147 In an instant she had unhooked the heavy chain. 1878 T. Hardy Ret. Native v. viii, Venn unhooked the lantern and leaped down. 1892 (see unhooker]. fig. 1640 C. HARVEY Synagogue, Ch.-gate iii. Unhook’d from him, we quickly turn aside. 1669 Barrow in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 70 My mind being indeed unhooked from these things. 1672 Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 324 Striving to unhook himself hence, p. 152 of his Second Book, swallows it deeper. 1966 Guardian 17 June 22/8 Girls who have been in trouble over drugs have been helped to stay ‘unhooked’. 1977 B. Garfield Recoil xxxiii. 328 We.. made a junkie out of her... I’ll just get her unhooked.

2. To take out the hooks of (a dress). Also with personal object. 1840 Cockton Val. Vox xiii. The ladies [began] to unhook their dresses behind, in order to enjoy another small glass of gin. 1898 Longm. Mag. Aug. 366 She .. remarked that.. I must have my frock unhooked and be tried on. I submitted silently to be unhooked.

3. To disengage from a curved position. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. ii. i. As she said it, she unhooked her arm.

Hence un'hooker. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Unhookers, old men or boys who stand on the plank connecting a ship with the dock and unhook the coal when it is in a stable position on the back of the men who carry it.

un'hooked, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1600 in Hakluyt Voy. III. 671 W’hat more nimble spirits, Apter to byte at such vnhooked baytes, Gaine by our losse. 1897 Outing XXX. 220/2 Another instance will give an idea of how high an unhooked bass can leap when frightened.

un'hool, V. Sc. [un-* 5.] To disembody. 1722 Ramsay Three Bonnets iv. 19 A stalwart ghaist Whase stem and angry looks amaist Unhool’d their sauls.

unhool, obs. f. unwhole a. un'hoop, V. (un-* 4. Cf. Du. onthoepen.) 1611 Donne Paneg. Verses 26 in Coryate Crudities, When Merchants do unhoope Voluminous barrels. 1657 Davenant Entertainment at Rutland House 43 Let the sour Cynick live coopt; Let him quake in his thrid-bare Cloak Till he find his old Tub unhoopt. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 127 IPio To Unhoop the Fair Sex, and cure this fashionable Tympany that is got among them.

un'hoopable, a.

(uN-*7b.) 1672 .Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 246 Instead of assuming your unhoopable jurisdiction, they are.. satisfied with the abundance of their power. 1673 [R. Leigh] Transp. Reh. 23 The unhoopable Tun of Heiat is don in this world vnhoped, or vnwenyd. X382 Wyclif Wisd. xvii. 14 Forsothe to them sodeyn and vnhopid drede ouercam. /. a., and cf. G. ungehopft.) 1725 Fam. Diet. s.v. Malt Liquor, Hopp’d and unhopp’d Drinks. Ibid., Unhopp’d Liquor. 1799 W. Tooke View of Russian Empire I. 362 Brown beer and metheglin are more in use than .. busa or white unhopped wheat-beer.

unho'rizoned, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) i8xi Miss L. M. Hawkins C’rers & Gertr. II. 121 The unhorizoned charitv of him who bid us pray. 1888 Lighthall Yng. Seigneur 122 A vista ocean-like and unhorizoned.

un'hornedt a- (un-^ 9. older Da. uhornet.)

Cf. Du. ongehoorned]

1570 Levins Manip. 50 Vnhorned, incornis. 1607 Topsell Four-f- Beasts 233 There are two kindes of Goates,..the vnhorned are bpt for breed. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. IV. (1626) 66 Thou ’rt seene in heauen;.. And, when vn-

v.

[un-^

4.

Cf.

Flem.

(Kilian)

onthosen.] trans.

= INHOSPITABLE a. a. Of places. 1601 Shaks. Twel. N. iii. iii. n Being skillesse in these parts; which to a stranger.. often proue Rough, and vnhospitable. 1612 Webster White Devil v. iii. 45 They have .. divorst friends, and made great houses unhospitable. 1687 Dryden Hind ^ P. iii. 612 No neighbouring Dorp, no lodging to be found. But bleaky plains, and bare unhospitable ground. 1703 Rowe Ulysses i. i. You .. from th’unhospitable Dwelling drive Safety and friendly Peace. 1740 Cheyne Regimen 106 Our Earth has,.. unfruitful Climates, unhospitable and uninhabited Regions. 1808 Forsyth Beauties Scotl. V. 472 A cluster of unhospitable rocks. b. Of persons. 0x625 Fletcher Fair Maid Inn 11. i, Serv. Shall we kill him? Alber. No, I’ll not be so unhospitable. 1641 J. Shute Sarah //ogor (1649) 116 James and John .. call’d for fire

c. Of actions, character, etc. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay's Argenis iv. ii. 237 To renounce your hospitality, were superfluous, when you have done first, by offering vnhospitable iniury. 1682 Mrs. Behn City Heiress 50 What Recompence can I make for so un¬ hospitable usage? 1727 Swift State Irel. W’ks. 1755 V. ii. 168, I think it a little unhospitable.. that.. guests [etc.]. 1750 G. Hughes Barbados 93 He lies concealed.. till the next prey calls him forth to re^at his unhospitable talents. 1760 Ann. Reg., Chron. 6611 The unhospitable custom of giving vails to servants.

Hence un'hospitableness. 1681 J. Kettlewell Meas. Chr. Obed. 11. iv. 165 The Law against uncharitableness .., against unhospitableness.

t un'hospital, a. Obs. [uN-*7, 5 b.] Inhospitable. 1570 Levins Manip. 15 Vnhospitall, inhospitus. ai suld ga far gat but mare. 1456 Sir G. Have Late Arms (S.T.S.) 204 Him behufit to be slayne or ellis to leve the barne unhovin.

un'hover, v. [un-* 5: see hover sb. 3.] trans. To dislodge from a hiding-place.

1586 Privy Council Scot. IV. 118 The said Jonnett.. maist cruellie and unhumanlie invadit and persewit hir. 1663 South Serm. (1717) V. 55 Charles I,.. Unhumanly Imprison’d, and at length Barbarously Murder’d. 1868 H. Bushnell Mor. Uses Dark Th. (1869) 305 Acting in a style of frenzy so unhumanly foul and malign.

un'humble, a. (un-‘ 7.) 1611 Florio, Dishumile, vnhumble, high minded. 1642 Davenant Unfort. Lovers Epil., An unhumble Epilogue. 1842 PusEY Crisis Eng. Ch. 13 A Communion,.. in this country, schismatic, and acting in a very unhumble and schismatic spirit. 1882 W. Morris in Mackail Life (1899) 11. 77, I hope I am not quite unhumble.

Hence un'humbleness.

1827 Sporting Mag. XX. 104 Mr. Treby’s harriers, assisted by his.. terriers, unhovered an otter.

/. a. (un-* 10.) 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 537 Continual unhurrying activity in pursuit of some end. 1918 Glasgow Herald 15 May 5/2 Through all this..blaze of conflict the old Vindictive, still unhurrying, was walking the lighted waters towards the entrance. 1928 Daily Express 13 July 10/2 Others.. detect something fine and typical of the national character in the mild and unhurrying dignity of this annual contest. 1972 P. D. James Unsuitable Job for Woman iii. 107 Benskin arrived, unhurrying, imperturbable.

un'hurt, pp/. a. (un-* 8 b.) at wiste sein iuhan ..unhurt ipe ueat of wallinde eoli. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 165 Sche passed unhert nyne brennynge cultres. ri440 Destr. Troy 1264 His shafte all-to sheuerit, the shalke was unhurt, c 1440 Alph. Tales 25 If rioe arm com vp vnhurte. c 1460 Oseney Reg. 144 And I and myne heyres that howse schall kepe vn-hurt, that hit be not.. apeyred by owr vse. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus, Indistrictus,.. vnhurte: without scarre. 1597 A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. gb/z With the shott of a gunne, the first table was vnhurte. 1601 [see unhit]. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 11. §7 They believed there [were].. no Persons of what Quality soever unconcerned and .. unhurt in them [rc. matters of religion]. 1676 Hobbes Iliad i. 397 Would you could here rest Unhurt, ungriev’d. 1718 Prior Piet. Seneca Dying 11 While unhurt, div'ine Jordain, Thy Work and Seneca’s remain. 1755 Young Centaur iv, His happiness is of so strong a constitution, that it can stand real calamities unhurt. 1818 [S. Weston] La 5u jesceope him jelice, & eac on sumum 6ingum unjelicc. 971 Bltckl. Horn. 97 bonne is un^elic be hon ecan life, a iioo in Napier O.E. Glosses i. 2325 Dispari sexu, unselicum [Brussels MS. unilicum] hade, a 1200 Moral Ode 360 (Trin. MS.), bar ben wuniinges fele elch o8er uniliche. /. a. (un-‘ io.) 1882 A. Ainger C. Lamb 70 The very unilluminating notes of Johnson or Malone.

uni'llumined, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1826 Lamb Elia 11. Pop. Fallacies xv, Our ancestors.. wintering in caves and unillumined fastnesses. 1892 ‘M. Field’ Sight & Song 54 A solid disc of unillumined brown.

uni'llusory, a. (un-* 7.) 1853 Lytton My Novel iii. xxii, Always scrutinizing the domestic felicity.. through a pair of cold unillusory barnacles.

un'illustrated, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

62

UNIMOLECULAR

vii. 377 It is utterly unimaginable, but that there should be a Triangular distance in the midst of them. 1746 Hervey Medit., Reft. Flower Garden 42 With what un-imaginable Complacency, does Justice rest satisfied! 1821 Scott Kenilw. vi, I shall thank him more for the love that has created such an unimaginable paradise, than for all the wonders it contains! 1878 P. Bayne Purit. Rev. i. 7 To believe in an unseen and unimaginable Spirit. 2. sb. pi. = INEXPRESSIBLE sb. 2. 1833 T. Hamilton Mew M(2wner^ (1843) 391 The men .. rejoiced in snuff-coloured waistcoats and unimaginables. More App. Antid.

Hence uni'maginableness. 1659 H. More Immort. Soul i. vi. 37 The unimaginableness of Points and smallest Particles. 1871 W. G. Ward Philos. Theism (1884) I. 17 That the unimaginableness of a proposition is incompatible with its truth.

uni'maginably, adv. (un-* ii; cf. prec.) 1666 Boyle Orig. Forms & Qual. n. ix. 395 It appear’d a .. heap of Corpuscles .. unimaginably small, a 1672 Sterry 2nd Posth. Vol. 331 The Righteousness.. of God in Christ.. unimaginably outshineth ten thousand Suns. 1734 Watts Reliq. Juv. 191 And thus., we unimaginably slide into a cordial Defence of the Cause. 1857 Hawthorne Eng. Notebks. (1870) II. 432 Hues.. indescribably beautiful, and unimaginably, unless one can conceive of the colours of the rainbow [etc.]. 1883 Harper's Mag. June 115/2 Unimaginably frightful shapes.

uni'maginary, a. (un-* 7.) 1608 D. Price Chr. Warre 27 God ouercame more gloriously for you by a weake, small vnimaginarie, Charactericall armie. 1828 Mackintosh Sp. Wks. 1846 HI. 490 One of their not unimaginary grievances.

uni'maginative, a. (un-* 7.) Also absol. 1802 Wordsw. Excurs. ii. 24 Ranging through the tamer ground Of these our unimaginative days. 1831 Scott Ct. Rob. xvii. Nor shall Anna Comnena, the soul of wit and genius, be chained to such an unimaginative log as yonder half barbarian. 1898 Fortn. Rev. LXIV. 300 To the un¬ imaginative, all imaginative work must inevitably present a closed door.

Hence uni'maginatively adv.., -ness. 1850 N. Brit. Rev. XII. 320 Not contented with such a stretch of unimaginativeness. 1883 Cornh. Mag. April 456 The Roman, more unimaginatively, held to the bare fact of change.

uni'magine, v. (un-^ 3.) (21670 Rust Disc. Truth (1682) 170 He may as easily unimagine that Imagination.

uni'magined, ppl. a. and adv. (un-* 8.) 01548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 103 A thyng discended from heauen, of theim vnsought, vnimagined and not deuised. 1649 Lovelace Poems (1904) 69 The unimagin’d Woes.. of the Hierarchy. 1736 Butler Anal. i. i. 20 A latent and .. an unimagined unknown power of perceiving sensible objects. 1754 Francis Constantine ni. 36 What uninvented, unimagin’d Tortures Have I to dread? 1846 Trench Mirac. xvii. 276 His walking over the sea must have been altogether unimagined by them. 1884 Church Bacon viii. 187 That hitherto unimagined empire of man over the pow-ers and forces that encompassed him.

fb. adv. Unexpectedly.

Obs.~^

[177s Ash.] 1828 Webster (citing Good). 1879 Cassell’s II. 275/1 Better than the most impressive verbal description, unillustrated. 1883 American VII. 9 Heavy, unillustrated English magazines.

1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 254 When, vnimagined, the wench demaunded of him,.. whether he [etc.].

uni’llustrative, a. (un-^ 7.)

[1775 Ash.] 1813 Shelley Q. Mab v. 152 A weak and inexperienced boy,.. unimbued With pure desire and universal love. 1880 Trollope Life of Cicero I. 202 He was .. altogether unimbued with the humanity.. of his brother.

Techn. Educ.

1803 Godwin Chaucer 11. xlii. 282 It may not.. prove .. unillustrative of the history.. of England. 1867 Fortn. Rev. Oct. 377 Certain lights, not unillustrative as well of the one side as of the other.

uni'llustrious, a. (un-^ 7.) 1885 D. Hannay in Mag. Art Sept. 448/1 A long and unillustrious line of successors. 1897 W. Watson Year of Shame, To Sultan, It merged thee with the unillustrious herd.

uni'locular Gu:ni-), a. [f. uni- -h locular a. Cf. mod.L. unilocularis and F. uniloculaire (1771).] Having, consisting of, characterized by only one loculus (in various senses); one-celled. Suppl. App., Unilocular, in botany, is applied to a capsule having but one cell. 1762 Phil. Trans. LIII. 83 An oblong, oval striated unilocular seedvessel. 1815 W. Wood Gen. Conchol. p. lx, The Paper Nautilus, the Cowries, the Olives, etc. are unilocular shells, i860 Pirrie Surg. 607 The unilocular cystic tumour. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. H. ii. 376 The Polythalamia or Multilocular Rhizopods, in their earliest state are unilocular. 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIH. 634 A vesicle of H[erpes] Zoster at its height is a unilocular cavity. l^S‘i_C^^tnbers' Cycl.

Hence unilocu’larity, unilocular character or formation. 1819 Lindley tr. Richard's Observ. Fruits Seeds ii Unilocularity (provided there be no abortion) always establishes the unity of fruit. 1839 A. Gray Lett. (1893) 1. 150 The unilocularity of the anthers.

un'imaged, (ppl.) a. (un-^ 8, 9.) 1648 Hexham ii, Ongebeeldt, Vn-imaged, without Figure or Image. 1775 Ash, Unimaged.., not imaged, not formed in the imagination. 1841 Clough Poems (1862) 17 The bare conscience of the better thing Unfelt, unseen, unimaged. i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 153 Their great forefathers., worshipped the un-imaged Self-existing God. uni'ma^nable, a. and sb. [un-^ 7 b, 5 b.] 1. adj. Incapable of being imagined; inconceivable, incomprehensible. 1611 CoTGR., Inimaginable, vnimaginable, vnconceiuable. (21631 Donne Serm. i. (1634) 30 Miserable, unexpressible, unimaginable, macerable condition, where [etc.]. 1655 H.

unim'bued, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

unimer ('ju:nim3(r)). Chem. [f. uni-2 + -mer.J

1225 Ancr. R. 398 Ne schal neuer heorte penchen swuch seluhSe, pet ich nulle 3iuen more uor pine luue, vnimeieliche and vnendliche more, a 1240 Wohunge in O.E. Horn. I. 281 Swa unimeteliche pu swanc and swa sare pat reade blod pu swattes. a

un'imitable, a. ? Obs. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.) Very common in 17th century. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 46 As the vnimitable Pindar often did. 1622 F. Markham Bk. War Ep. Ded. A 3 b, As by his owne vnimitable pen is protested. 1683 Kennett Erasm. on Folly 48 As they [5C. bees] give a model of in their unimitable Combs. 1695 J. Edwards Perfect. Script. Ded., You bore the.. insults of the enemy with unimitable bravery. 1773 Johnson in Shakespeare's Wks. V. 508 But Falstaff unimitated, unimitable Falstaflf, how shall I describe thee?

So tun'imitably

Obs.

His sweetnesse and facilitie in a verse, vnimitably excellent. 1670 Walton Lives, Donne 80 His fancy was unimitably high, equalled only by his great wit. 1622 Peacham Compl. Gent. x. 91

un'imitated, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) c i6io Women Saints 185, I beseeche.. you women doe not leaue this example vnimitated. a 1670 Hacket in Plume Li/e (1865) 171 The.. perpetual sobriety of the primitive Christians began to be unimitated. 1773 [see unimitable (2.]. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 1. iii. viii. An excellent new-idea, which, in these coming years, shall not remain unimitated.

un'imitating,/>/)/. a. (un-' io.) 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) VIH. 331 A spiteful, perverse, unimitating thing.

un'imitative, a. (un-* 7.) 1807 Anna Seward Lett. (1811) VI. 334 The original unimitative compositions of James H. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. §2. 95 The Doric capital was unimitative. 1883 Pall Mall G. 8 Sept. 2/1 Among us unimitative but not unappreciative Britons.

uni'mmediate, a., -ly, adv. (un-' 7, ii.) 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) HI. 362 In an unimmediate, though, for efficacy, not too remote way. 1816-Chrestom. Wks. 1843 VIII. 91 Instruments of all kinds, whether applied immediately or unimmediately to use.

uni'mmergible, a. [uN-' 7.] Insubmergible. 1806 L. Lukin {title), The Invention, Principles of Construction, and Uses of Unimmergible Boats. 1809 Naval Chron. XXI. 299 To make it.. unimmergible,.. casks ..were ranged along. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 303 They met with an unimmergible buoyancy in this case.

uni'mmersed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1835 1. Taylor Spir. Despot, iv. 408 These good souls will not eat the Lord’s loaf in company with the unclean and unimmersed commonalty of professed Christians. 188s Pennell Fishing 267 The effect of refraction kept the unimmersed portion of the fly fisher’s figure practically out of sight.

un'immolated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1855 Pusey Doctr. Real Presence Note I. 115 We too shall be able to receive Him wholly in ourselves continually immolated unimmolated for us.

uni'mmortal, a. (un-* 7.) 1667 Milton P.L. x. 61 i They both betook them several wayes, Both to destroy, or unimmortal make All kinds. 1876 Farrar Marlb. Serm. i. (1877) 5 Their unimmortal but sinless destiny being accomplished.

uni'mmortalize, iL (un-^ 6 c.) 1839 Bailey Festus unimmortalized myself.

336

They

have

One of the single molecules (usu. macro¬ molecules) that go to make up a multimeric aggregation. Cf. multimer.

uni'mmortalized, ppl. a. (un-* 8 a c.)

1967 Chimia XXL 53/1 Methods to determine the association of macromolecules and to calculate the molecular weight of the unimer..are discussed. 1972 [see multimer]. 1976 [see polymolecular a. d].

uni'mmured, ppl. a.

funi'mete, sb. Obs. [OE. un^emet: see un-* 12 and IMET.] Immoderation, excess. c888 K. i^lLFRED Boeth. xl. §3 He ne maej naupres unjemet adriojan. ciooo Sax. Leechd. II. 106 }7onne jeweaxefi on innan unjemet waetan. a 1225 Ancr. R. 74 Urom so6 hit slit te uals; vt of god into vuel, & from mesure into unimete.

funi'mete, adv. Obs. [OE. unsemete, dat. of un^emeV. see prec.] Immoderately, excessively. Beowulf 2420 Him wges jeomor sefa,.. wyrd unjemete neah. Ibid. 2721 Jjejn unjemete till, ciooo Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) cxv. 2 Ic sylfa cw®fi..p2et wasron ealle menn unjemete lease. C1205 Lay. 7393 Sixti scipen heo makeden vnimete [C1275 onimete] muchele. (21225 Nath. 738 Stoden on an half peos meistres so monie, & unimete modi. 1300-1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) App. A. 15 }?e w>nd .. schouuep & l?rast J?at al pe erpe quaki3ep & schakep onymete.

funi'mete, a. Obs. [OE. un^emxte: see un-* 7 and IMETE a.] Immeasurable, vast; immoderate, excessive. (21122 O.E. Chron. an. 1115 (Laud MS.), Dises geares W2es swa strang winter.. & wear6 purh past unjemaete orf cwealm. CI175 Lamb. Horn. loi Unimete festen and to michel forhefednesse .. maca6 pene mon un-halne. C1205 Lay. 4964 t>e ferde wes swa muchel J>at heo wes vnimete [C1275 onimete]. a 1225 Ancr. R. 40 po pi swete blisfule sune underueng 6e in his vnimete blisse. C1275 Sinners Beware 50 in O.E. Misc. 73 Chele and hete. And hunger vnymete.

Hence f uni'metely adv., immeasurably. Obs.

well-nigh

[1775 Ash.] 1839 Bailey Festus 10 But The shadowy giant alway thinned away. And I was fated unimmortalized.

(See IMMURE

V.

[un-* 8.]

f Unwalled.

I.)

1615 G. Sandys Trav. 155 The lewes.. began to reedifie the same [temple]; which yet was vnimmured for three¬ score and three yeares after.

unimodal Gurni'msudal),

[f. uni- + mode 56. + -al*.] Of a frequency curve or distribution: having one mode (mode sb. 7 c). Of a phenomenon or property: described by such a distribution. 1923 Biometrika XIV. 339 The distribution according to size of family.. would be represented by one of the unimodal curves of the Pearson types. 1932 J. S. Huxley Probl. Relative Growth vii. i. 210 The frequency-curve for female body-length is unimodal. 1975 Sci. Amer. Feb. 70/2 The unimodal solar-day rhythms of organisms geared to the 24-hour solar day.

Hence unimo'dality, the property or quality of being unimodal. 1934 in Webster. 1967 Ann. Math. Statistics XXXVIII. 1296 {heading) A note on the unimodality of distribution functions of class L. 1978 Nature 3 Aug. 504/r The switch from bimodality to unimodality (that is convergence of two peaks into one) is what is expected for X-chromosome inactivation.

.unimo'lecular, a.

Chem. [f. uni- i + a. [ad. F. unimoleculaire (J. H. Van h Hoff Etudes Dynam. Chim. (1884) 8).] In chemical kinetics: having or pertaining to a molecularity of one; involving the fragmentation or internal transformation of a single molecule in the rate-determining step of a reaction (rather than the collision of a pair of MOLECULAR a.)

UNIMPAIRABLE

63

molecules); in quot. 1901, first-order (see order sb. 10 f). Cf. MONOMOLECULAR a. b. 190* y^nl. Ohem. Soc. LXXX. ii. 647 I'he reaction between ferric salts and metallic iodides is unimolccular for the iron salt and bimolecular for the iodide. 1946 [see BiMOLKCi'LAR fl.]. 1972 R. A. Jackson Mechanism i. 5 L nimolccular reactions occur as a result of reorganization of the bonds within a molecule, with or without rupture into fragments. 1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xxvi. 863 Most reactions can be broken down into a sequence of steps that involve either a unimolecular reaction, in which a single rnoleculc shakes itself apart or into a new configuration, or a bimolecular reaction.

b. = MONOMOLECULAR a. C. 1925 Proc. R. Soc. A. CIX. 303 Unimolecular films are thus to be anticipated in those cases in w hich the surface of the adsorbate is not very active, e.g., on diamond. 1942 S. Bri’nai'ER Adsorption of Gases ^ Vapours I. i. i. 6 When a surface can take up only one layer of adsorbed gas the adsorption is called unimolecular. [No/e] I. Langmuir (proposing the concept in 1917] used the term monomolecular. However since this is a term of mixed Greek and Latin derivation the use of the term unimolecular is preferable. 1978 K. J. Laidler Physical Chem. with Biol. Applic. xi. 462 Ammonia molecules are rather strongly attached to such a surface, which may become completely covered by a unimolecular layer.

Hence unimo'lecularly adv. 19®^ 3^'nl. Chem. Soc. LXXX. 11. 647 Strontium and calcium iodides act unimolecularly. 1935 Jrnl. Chem. Physics III. 112 Suppose w'e have a non-linear molecule of n atoms decomposing unimolecularly. 1974 Gill & Willis Pericyclic Reactions vi. 203 Both 2,5-dihydrofuran and 1.4-cyclohexadiene are decomposed unimolecularly into hydrogen and respectively furan and benzene.

unim'pairable,

a. (uN-^yb.) 1627 Uakewill Apol. (1630) 288 It is unimpareable like the light..of the sunne. 1647 Clarendon Contempl. Ps. Tracts (1727) 504 From that unimpairable stock of thy mercies.. blot out our offences. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 175 It being the lowest degree and shadow of Being; and not only immoveable, but undiminishable and unimpairable.

unim'paired, ppL a. (un-^ 8.) Before 1760 somewhat rare\ in freq. use from c 1790. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. 41 b. In such wise as God may holde still his right vnimpayred. 1628 Le Grys tr. Barclays Argenis 122 To him will I restore what they rob’d thee of, as I finde by them yet vnempayred. 1738 G. Lillo Marina ii. ii. My youth yet unimpair’d By riot or disease. *77^ Lett. Ded. (1788) 7 When you leave the unimpaired, hereditary freehold to Your children. x8i6 Byron Ch. Har. iii. v. Shapes which dwell Still unimpair’d, though old, in the soul’s haunted cell. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. XX. IV. 532 She.. repeated her part of the office with unimpaired memory, i860 Motley Netherl. ii. 1. 51 He had preserved the most unimpaired good-humour.

unim'paradised, ppl. a. (un-^ 5, 8.)

UNIMPRESSIONABILITY

2. Not assailed, accused, or called in question. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xxxix. 235 Let vs gloriBe him, and beware y' he remaine vnimpeached in his Maiestie. ri6ii Chapman Iliad ix. 383 Many fair Achive princesses of unimpeached life. 1702 Rowe Tamerl. iv. i, While yet my Regal State stood unimpeach'd. 1790 Cowper Let. to Bagot 22 June, A person of most unimpeached veracity. 1823 Byron Siege Cor. vii. When unimpeached for traitorous crime . He glittered thro’ the Carnival. 1869 [see unimplicate]. 1871 JowETT Plato IV. 158 The public and unimpeached use of anything for a year.

unim'peded,/)/)/. a. (un-* 8.)

unim'posed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1760 D. Mallet in Derrick Lett. (1767) II. 23 Much more so as. .your access to them [is] unimpeded. 1795 Southey Vis. Maid of Orleans i. 79 Through the roof.. The moonbeams enter’d.. With unimpeded light. 1861 Mill Repr. Govt. 52 Whatever invigorates the faculties,.. creates an increased desire for their more unimpeded exercise. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 388 It gave them an unimpeded landing, and a second base of operations in Africa.

1642 Milton Apol. Smect. 50 The very act of prayer and thanksgiving with those free and unimpos’d expressions.. is the greatest decency that can be imagin’d. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. 11. iv. 249 From the toleration of a private Opinion of some Doctors and unimposed, it obtained at last a Canon to make it Authentick, Publick Doctrine.

Hence unim'pededly aav. Also, in recent use, unimpededness. 1846 Poe a. C. Mowatt Wks. 1864 III. 43 The mere instruments by which she may effectively and unimpededly lay bare to the audience the movements of her own passionate heart.

unim'pedible, a. (un-* 7.) 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles HI. ii. 515 Where-ever there is passive Power there is impedibifitie; There is nothing av€^7To8taTo?, unimpedible, but God.

unim'perative* a. (un-^ 7.) 1817 Bentham Pari. Reform Introd. 102 A mere exercise of the unimperative faculty of deputation.

11. Not impeded or hindered. Obs. /)/. a. [un-* 8 b.] = next.

un'implicated^ ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

1750 Chesterf. Let. i Nov., Ransacking.. the minute and unimportant parts of remote and fabulous times. 1798 S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. TIL 465 He was too unimportant to act on [the passions].. of any one around him. 1841 Miall in Nonconf. I. i The ends thev sought appeared too unimportant to justify the cost. 1^69 Freeman Norm. Conq. xi. III. 53 Esegar and Bondig play not unimportant parts in the great struggles of the year. Comb. 1841 Carlyle Heroes iv. (1904) 129 There was not a more entirely unimportant-looking pair of people.

unim'peached,/>/>/. a. [un-* 8.]

1809 C. Simeon in W. Carus Life (1847) 272 The slow unimposing voice. . 1854 Milman Lat. Christianity vn. ii. III. 169 A grey haired man..of small unimposing stature. 1871 Earle P/ii7o/. Eng. Tongue ^21 A feature, .unimposing in its appearance.

unim'pinging,/)/)/. a. (uN-* 10.)

unim'peachable, a. (un-^ 7 b.)

1817 Godwin Mandev. III. 188 The insinuations they threw out against the ’unimpeachableness of his motives. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt iv, Mrs. Holt was not given to tears; she was much sustained by conscious unimpcachableness. 1821 Lamb Confess. Delamore Wks. 1908 I. 266 For more than five centuries, the current of our blood hath flowed ‘unimpeachably. 1883 Manch. Exam. 22 Dec. 5 The jury were aided by a luminous and unimpeachably fair summing up.

2. Unimpressive.

unim'pounded, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1727 Pope Let. to Swift 8 Mar., A free, unimportant, natural, easy manner; diverting others just as we diverted ourselves.

Also

11. Not burdensome or oppressive. Obs. — ^

[1775 Ash.] 1792 J. Richardson Fugitive iv. iii, The merits of your most unimperious sex.

1830 R. Chambers Life jas. /, I. iv. 119 Nations..too much disposed .. to question the unimpeachability of their sovereigns. 1881 Sala in Illustr. Lond. News 19 Feb. 171 The unimpeachability of the arrangements.

Hence unitn'peachableness. unitn’peach-ably adv.

unim'posing,/)/>/. a. [un-* 10.]

x88o Miss Bird Japan I. 15 The British Consulate, imposingly ugly;., the Union Church,.. unimposingly so.

1667 Milton P.L. ix. 22 If answerable style I can obtaine Of my Celestial Patroness, who deignes Her nightly visitation unimplor’d. 01711 Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 85 To Sinners thou.. Grace unimplor’d benignly dost impart. 1746 Young Nt. Th. ix. 904 We feel A sudden succour, un-implor’d, un-thought. 1806 John Hogg Poems 31 [She was] Impatient to perform her offer made To Zara, unimplor’d. 1842 Wordsw. Eccles. Sonn. iii. xxix, If sorrow for thy sin be dead. Guilt unrepented, pardon unimplored.

1784 CowPER Task IV. 676 Merchants, unimpeachable of sin Against the charities of domestic life. 1794 Burke Sp. Acts Uniformity Wks. 1842 II. 465 The unimpeachable integrity and piety of many of the promoters of this petition. 1830 Miss Mitford Village Ser. iv. 189 He could..take Harry’s dinner to the same place with unimpeachable honesty. 1848 Dickens Dombey iv. Seeing what time it is by the unimpeachable chronometer. 1864 Bowen Logic xii. 392 The testimony of one unimpeachable witness.

1647 Boyle in Birch Life (1744) 80 The gallantry.. of their own principles will carry them on unimposedly to do much more.

unim'periousy a. (un-^ 7.)

unim'plored, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

unimpeacha'bility. (un-^ 12; cf. next.)

So unim'posedly adv.

173^ 1 homson Liberty v. 626 Beauteous Order reigns. Manly Submission, unimposing Toil.

1655 {title), Natura Exenterata,.. Whereunto are annexed. Many Rare, hitherto un-imparted Inventions. 1791 CowpER Iliad XI. 924 But brave Achilles shuts His virtues close, an unimparted store. 1824 Scott St. Ronan's xvi, That the knowledge which is unimparted is necessarily a barren talent.

1744 Thomson (ed. 4) 1070 Fancy then.. Will.. Correct her Pencil to the purest Truth Of Nature, or, the unimpassion’d Shades Forsaking, raise it to the human Mind. 1778 Miss Burney Evelina xxiii, The cool eye of unimpassioned philosophy. 1802 Coleridge Dejection ii, A stifled, drowsy, unimpassion’d grief. 1876 T. Hardy Ethelberta xxvii. She would not go out of her way at a beck from a man whose interest was so unimpassioned.

(un-' ii.)

1657 Earl Monm. tr. Paruta's Pol. Disc. 42 Rather , to dissemble their injuries and suspitions, then by unimportunely revenging the one and assertaining the other, put their affairs in greater danger.

unim'parted, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

unim'passioned, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

? x6xi-2 Donne Let. to Lady Carey 23 Who ever ran To danger unimportun’d. 0x631-Paradoxes (1652) 27 To run into Death unimportuned is to run into the first condemned Desperateness. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xiii, [They] were suffered to keep details to themselves, unimportuned by the curiosity of their listeners.

1603 Drayton To .Maiestie K. Jas. A 3, Our early Muse .. Of her own strength which boldly thus presumes, 'That's yet vnimpt with any borowed plumes.

1673 Milton True Relig. 16 Which must needs conduce much .. to the general confirmation of unimplicit truth.

1845 Mozley Ess. (1878) II. 119 In proportion to the extent to which such a view obtains, worship must become necessarily unimpassionate and unadoring.

unimportuned, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

unimpor'tunely,

un'imped, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8 + imp v. 8.)

1601 W. Parry Trav. Sir A. Sherley (1863) 4 A scruple .. whether Man were (for transgression) ever unimparadized or no.

unim'passionatet a. (un-^ 7.)

temptations. 1824 Landor Imag. Com-. I. 299 The demon of Socrates, not always unimportunate, followed Euripides.

10.]

=

c 1625 Bp. Hall St. Paul's Combat Wks. 1634 II. 449 If it be only matter of rite, or of unimporting consequence. 1642 Fuller Holy Prof. St. m. xx. 206 Such Divines, who in unimporting controversies extract the probablest opinions from all Professions. 1658 T. Wall Charact. Enemies Ch. 40 Things of unimporting consequence.

1861 [F. W. Robinson] Under the Spell I. 300 He did not mind her being ‘un-impressed’ by the knowledge that her father was only his tutor. X896 Mrs. Caffyn Quaker Grandmother iio Mossy did this sort of thing remarkably well. But Miriam was quite unimpressed.

3. Not bearing an impression. 1868 Herschel in People's Mag. Jan. 63 Do the same with one side of the unimpressed square, and then apply the one square to the other,.. the impression being between them.

unimpressi'bility. (un-* 12; cf. next.) 1854 Yonge tr. Athenseus III. 966 When he found he could make no impression on the coldness and unimpressibility of the stone. 1889SKRINE Mem. Thring 124 Heartiness in his own belief, and iron unimpressibility against the noise and flourishes of an enemy.

unim'pressible, a. (un-* 7.) 1828 L. Hunt Byron & Contemp. 26 She..was., absolutely unimpressible in that respect. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. ii. 24 As stolid and unimpressible as one of our own Indians. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 44 The African was so unimpressible, and the Phoenician was so little disposed .. to assimilate himself to his surroundings.

Hence unim'pressibleness. 1830 Arnold Let. in Stanley Li/e (1858) 1. 223 Thorough careless unimpressibleness beats one all to pieces.

unim'portunate, a. (un-* 7.)

unim.pressiona'bility. (un-* 12; cf. next.)

1755 Young Cen/flur iii. Wks. 1757 IV. 174 These are the men, who.. rush headlong into even unimportunate

1862 F. W. Robinson Female Life in Prison I. 80 This strange apathetic indifference, this unimpressionability.

UNIMPRESSIONABLE

64

unim'pressionable, a. (un-‘ 7 b.)

V, Knox Winter Even. lii. (1790) 378 If the idle were to lay aside such unimproving works. 1823 Keble Serm. iii. (1848) 48 It might be no unimproving exercise of self-denial, to men of refined judgments. 1883 Academy 15 Sept. 175/2 Many unimproving anecdotes of his proceedings still linger along the Spanish Main.

1847 c Bronte J. Eyre xxi, Unimpressionable natures are not so soon softened. 1850 Thackeray Pendennis xv, Ah! what mad desires dashing up against some rock of obstruction or indifference, and flung back again from the unimpressionable granite! 1884 E. Yates Recoil. II. 201 [He] was., as unimpressionable as an oyster.

unim'pressive> a. (un-^ 7.) 1796 Gisborne Walks Forest (ed. 2) vi. 121 Does Truth, disclosed from heaven,., her sacred shafts behold Bound unimpressive from the callous heart? 1828 P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 314 The slovenly and unimpressive manner in which the witness is sworn. x88o C. Wicksteed in 5. Brooke's Life ^ Lett. (1917) I. 330 Look at the men w’ho pass into the shades of our theology- impassive, unimpressive shades!

Hence unim'pressively, -ness. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. i. 107 The accuracy and unimpressiveness of Algebraic characters. 1832 J. S. Mill Let. 29 May (1910) I, 30 The opinions I have put forth in these different articles.. are expressed so coldly and unimpressively that I can scarcely bear to look back upon such poor stuff, i860 Geo. Eliot in Cross Life (1885) II. 221 The variety is in some degree a cause of comparative unimpressiveness.

unim'pugnable, a. (un-‘ yb.) 1832 Mrs. Gore Fair of May Fair III. 278 Hisjudgment invaluable,.. and unimpugnable at Lloyd’s. 1857 Dickens Dorrit ii. xxxii. Solely supported by his

was

unimpugnable calculations.

unim'pugned, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) [177s Ash.] 1838 James Louis XIV, I. 247 That all the arbitrary acts of his predecessor.. should remain as unimpugned precedents in case of necessity. 01857 A. Vaughan Ess. & Rem. (1858) I. 37 Thus did Origen.. attempt to retain the justice of God unimpugned.

unim'pulsive, a. (un-' y.) [177s Ash.] 1856 Lever Martins of Cro' M. xiv. 138 The most suspectful, unimpulsive, and ungenerously-disposed of all natures, an old lawyer. 1886 Ruskin Prseterita I. iv. 112 The steady pains of her unimpulsive practice.

Hence unim'pulsiveness. i860 Trollope Framley unimpulsiveness as this.

unim'prison, v. (un-^ 3,) 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. (1882) 263 No fly unimprisoned from a child’s hand, could more buoyantly enjoy its element.

unim'prisonable, a. (un-‘ yb.) 1649 Milton Eikon. 148 To imprison and confine by force.. those two most unimprisonable things, our Prayers and that Divine Spirit of utterance that moves them.

UNINDIFFERENCY

P.

xxv.

Such

a

degree

of

unim'puted, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1723 Pope Let. to Blount 27 June, You must look on this as the first day I’ve been myself, and pass over the mad interval un-imputed to me.

uni'nauguratedf/>/)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1823 Scott Quentin D. Introd., An immense assiHte of spinage, not smoothed into a uniform surface, as by our uninaugurated cooks upon your side of the water.

unim'prisoned, ppl. a. [un-' 8 and un-^ 8.] a. Not imprisoned, b. Released from prison. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida i. 75 Her unimprisond Soul disrob'd of all Terrestrial thoughts. 1809-14 WoRDSW. Excurs. iv. 106 The unimprisoned Mind May yet have scope to range among her own. 1820 Bentham Liberty of Press Wks. 1843 II. 283/1 To live unhanged, unsabred, unimprisoned. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. i. iv, That the King’s Friends in Prison would burst out, and, joined by the unimprisoned, ride roughshod over us all.

unim'prisoning, ppl. a. (uN-^

3, 8.) 1820 E. Irving in Froude Carlyle (1882) I. 86 Now it will be like the unimprisoning of a bird to come and let me have free talk.

unin'earnate, a. (un-* 7.) 1687

Death's Vision 182 Blind to the World of Unincarnate Hosts! 1716 Hume Sacr. Succession 159 What God .. perform’d by heavenly un-incarnate angels. 1827 POLLOK Course T. v. 575 The spirits unincarnate, i860 Faber Bethlehem 90 The unincarnate Saviour redeemed millions before His actual Incarnation.

So unin'earnated ppl. a. 1859 W. Anderson Disc, (i860) Unincarnated Eternal One.

146 The idea of the

unin'censed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1655 Fuller Waltham Abbey 8 An Abby and a Parsonage unimpropriate in the same place, are as inconsistent together, as good woods and an Iron Mill.

1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits x. 139 The flegmaticke vnincensed, haue their braine very cold and moist, a 1800 Cowper Iliad (ed. 2) v. 899 Jove! see’st thou, unincensed, these deeds of Mars? 1885 Swinburne Stud. Victor Hugo (1886) 84 The aspect of babies when unvexed and unincensed by any cross accident.

unimprova'bility. (un-' 12; cf. next.)

un'inchoative, a. (un-' y.)

unim'propriate, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

1880 Act 43 & 44 Viet. c. 42 §7 Where the employer is a body of persons corporate or unincorporate.

unin'eorporated, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not incorporated or united with. 1715 Atterbury Serm. (1737) III. 128 They have continued unmixed, unincorporated with any of the nations . .amidst whom they dwelt.

2. Not formed into a corporation. 1818 Hallam Mid. Ages (1819) I, 443 The arrangement of twenty-one trading companies had still left several kinds of artisans unincorporated. Ibid. III. 167 The representation of unchartered, or at least unincorporated boroughs. 1884 St. James's Gaz. 10 May 5/1 The regulation of proceedings brought against unincorporated clubs.

unin'creasable, a. (un-‘ yb.) 1648 Boyle Seraph. Love i. (1659) 8 An.. almost unincreaseable Elevation, and vastnesse of affection. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. IV’. 296 The Blessed God, whose Perfect and Unincreaseable Happiness makes him utterly uncapable of.. such a Love. 1872 Ruskin Fori C/at . xvi. 12 These.. are your wealth, for ever—unincreasable. 1872 Bagehot Physics & Pol. 54 The unincreasable land being occupied.

unin'ereased, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) [•775 Ash.] 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. 273 There it stands,.. unincreased and undiminished by a single brick. 1890 Retrospect Med. CII. 140 Even with the urine unincreased.. there is a large drain upon the liquids.

unin'ereasing,/)/)/. a. (un-* 10.) 1587 Golding De Mornay vi. 72 To be short, he calleth him ye myndly speech,.. vncorruptible, vnincreasing, vndecreasing,.. and first beknowne after God.

unin'erusted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1880 Swinburne Stud. Shaks. 157 Unincrusted with any flake of dirt.

un'incubated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. vii. 217 Those first laid would have to be left for some time unincubated. 1891 ScienceGossip XXVII. 8 A nest., which contained four eggs unincubated.

unin'debted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1672 Dryden Assignation v. iv, So you shall still be innocent, and I Die blessed, and unindebted for my being. 1759 Ann. Reg., Hist. War 41/2 Unindebted to family or connections. 1781 Cowper Table-t. 525 Give me the line.. That, like some cottage beauty, strikes the heart. Quite unindebted to the tricks of art. 1846 Sir W. Hamilton Diss. in Reid's Wks. 891 Neither ignorant of, nor unindebted to, their writings. 1882 Saintsbury Hist. French Lit. iii. vii. 380 He was .. probably not unindebted to Descartes for the force and vigour of his reasonings.

Hence unin'debtedness.

1814 H. C. Robinson Diary 28 May (1967) 34 The doctor’s favourite opinion of the unimprovability of mankind met with no opposition from the Lambs. 1861 Gd. Words 432 The Boeotian dulness and unimprovability of the fatuous German king.

1649 J. Ellistone tr. Behmen's Epist. 106 The soule (which ariseth.. out of the EternaJl un-inchoative Nature). 1691 E. Taylor Behmen's Theos. Philos. 367 What God is in his Eternal uninchoative Generation.

unim'provable,

incident.

unin'dented,/>p/. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not marked with indentations.

1772 Theatrical Biogr. I. 147 [Parsons’) memoirs would be too unincidental, and consequently too unentertaining for a place here. 1853 Wilberforce in Life (1881) II. 194 The dead level plains of times of fat quietness and un-incidental ease.

1750 G. Hughes Barbados 133 Two unindented Seams crossing one another at Right Angles. 1828 Lytton Pelham III. v, The rest of the countenance was perfectly smooth and unindented. 1863 Tyndall Heat v. 160 The border finally becomes unindented.

(uN-^7b.)

a 1660 Hammond Serm. Wks. 1684 IV. 577 The principal faculty which is irrecoverably wanting in such, and by all teaching irreparable and unimproveable, is the power of numbring. 01683 Oldham Art of Poetry Wks. (1684) ii. 14 At first dash, as if before ’twere known, [he] Embarques you in the middle of the Plot And what is unimprovable leaves out. 1785 G. A. Bellamy Apol. (ed. 3) III. 52 The 'Squire, however, remained totally unimprovable. 1790 Act 30 Geo. Ill, c. 50 To sell or alienate Fee Farm, and other unimproveable Rents. 1822 Scott Nigel xv. You show an absolute and unimprovable acquaintance with .. mankind in general. 1847 Grote Greece xxiv. III. 548 A people the most unprincipled and unimproveable of all.

Hence unim'provableness. 1654 Hammond Fundam. xvi. 174 This must be imputed .. to their ignorance and unimprovableness in matters of knowledge.

unim'provedt/)/)/. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not made better; not raised in quality. 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. 1. ii. 163 Flowers (which, unimprov’d by Art, delight but whilst they are., fresh). ci695 J. Miller Descr. New York (1843) 41 The whole country, improved or unimproved, to belong to the King. 1764 Goldsm. Trav. 230 From sire to son Unaher’d, unimprov’d the manners run. 1794 S. Williams Vermont 134 Man in the most simple, rude and unimproved state. 1858 Greener Gunnery 4 This range being quite equal.. to that of the late unimproved rifles. 1890 R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 247 A cheap unimproved property.

2. Not turned to use; not taken advantage of. 1781 Cowper Truth 524 He that scorns the noon-day beam, perverse, Shall find the blessing, unimprov’d, a curse. 1820 W. Jay Prayers iio Those privileges, which, unimproved, will only augment our guilt. 1850 Grote Greece Ixi. VII. 533 They preferred leaving their victory unimproved, to the hazard of a general battle.

3. Not medically bettered. 1879 St. discharged benefited.

George's Hosp. Rep. ‘unimproved’,.. but

a.^ Obs.-'^ [un-* ?;.*] Unreproved, uncensured.

1602 Shaks. Ham. i. i. 96 vnimproued Mettle, hot and full.

2. Of type: Set up without indention.

unin'eited, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1648

Hexham ii, Ongehisset, Vn-incited, or Vnsummoned. 1809-14 Wordsw. Excurs. v. 597 And unincited by a wish to look Into high objects farther than they may.

unin'clinable, a. (un-*

7 b.)

Young

Fortinbras

1757 Mrs. Griffith Lett. Henry Sf Frances (1767) The visto of some absurd fellows unimprovement.

unin*dining,/>/>/. a. (un-* 10.) 1794 T. Taylor Pausanias' Descr. Greece III. 294 Of pure and uncontaminated order, and of uninclining power.

unin'duded, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) *775 R- Chandler Trav. Greece {1825) II. 299 Lombardi was.. unincluded in the general amnesty. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) III. 474 If any one of the possible modes of transcription were left unincluded in the penal consequences. 1855 W. H. Mill Applic. Panth. Princ. (1861) 234 Those who believe St. James the Just to be unincluded in the number of the twelve.

1864 PusEY Lect. Daniel viii. 468 The word ‘until’.. is to be understood ideally of an unending, unclosed, uninclusive term.

1829 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) uninconvenienced by smoke.

VI.

291/1

Casemates.,

unin'eorporate, a. [un-* 7.] 1. Unembodied.

^747 -Wem. Nutrebtan Crt. I, 206 While Gen Haragen was indulged in play, and idle unimproving amusements. 1788

un'indexed,

a. (un-* 8.)

un'indicated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

unincon'venienced, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

unim'proving, pp/. a. (un-* 10.)

1881 Stevenson Not I & other Poems (1898) 7 The pamphlet.. Was planned and printed by A printer unindented.

unin'clined, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1729 Law Serious C. xvi. 291 They who., render themselves.. uninclin’d to observe rules and hours of devotion. 1740 Richardson Pamela II. 10 In which..you take Notice of my being uninclin’d to marry.

Of

1. 80

3. Not indentured.

1832 Palgrave Fwg. Commw. II. 124 These most valuable records.. are still unindexed. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. V. ii. § 17 Over all this unindexed and immeasurable mass of treasure.

+

unim'provement. (un-* 12.)

1903 Athenseum 17 Jan. 78/2 Printed either in fourteen unindented lines, or with only the final couplet indented.

1640 Walton Life of Donne in D.'s Eighty Serm. Pref., The King.. perswaded M. Donne to enter into the Ministery, to which he appeared (and was) uninclinable. 1656 Hobbes Liberty, Necess., & Chance 9 Seeing that mans heart without the grace of God, is uninclinable to good.

unin'dusive, a. (un-* 7.) IX. 466 One case was the others were all

t unim'proved, ppl. IMPROVE

uninci'dental, a. [un-* 7.] Not marked by any

1866 Times 4 Jan. 8/4 If they shall have paid off their present debt, they will enjoy a confidence far stronger than that from simple unindebtedness.

1821 Byron Sardanap. iv. i. If there be indeed A shore survives, ’twill be as mind. All unincorporate.

1866 Grote Exam. Utilit. Phil. iv. (1870) 62 He is writing as a true utilitarian about happiness in that unindividual, unmeorporate, abstract notion of it.

2. = next 2.

[1775 Ash.] 1825 Coleridge Aids Refi. 148 note. unprotrusive and unindicated convolutes of the Brain, secrete honesty and common-sense. 1904 E. Gosse Taylor iii. 103 No temptation.. is allowed to unindicated or unreproved.

The that Jer. pass

unin'dictable, a. (un-* 7 b.) x86i Wynter Soc. Bees 29 The various hydro-carbons .. escape in the form of thin unindictable vapour, of a highly obnoxious character. 1870 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. 127 The unindictable Powers of Darkness.

unin'dicted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1806 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. X. 311 By unindicted thieves, alas! purloin’d. 1978 N. Y. Times 30 Mar. B13/6 [He] had been named by a grand jury as an unindicted co-conspirator in a series of allegedly illegal break-ins. 1979 N. Y. Rev. Bks. 8 Feb. 8/1 The publishers of this chaotically dull.. work of angry, apologetic confusion, should be named unindicted co-conspirators in this sinister effort to get those few left who read to switch to television.

unin'difference. [un-' 12.] = next. 1665 Ever Tryals per Pais ix. io6 Where there is no unindifference or default in the Sheriff. 1824 Barnewall & Cresswell Rep. II. 104 The panel of tales having been quashed .. on the ground of the unindifference of the sheriff.

unin'differency. Now arch, [un-' indifferency I.] Lack of impartiality.

12

+

1578 Whetstone ist Pt. Promos & Cass. iv. ii. Such grace woulde mee, with vnindifferencie tuch, To pardon him, that dyd commit a Rape. 1625 tr. Boccaccio's Decam. II. 26 His successe proved answerable to his hope, no unindifferencie

UNINDIFFERENT

UNINFRINGED

65

appearing in their purposes. 1665 Ever Tryals per Pais ix. I oh In reject of the cause of unindifTerency, or default of the Sheriff or other Officer that made the Return. 1844 Judgrn. Ld. Denman in O'Connell v. Queen 7 UnindifTerency or misconduct on the part of the sheriff.

chromonema consists of a single DNA molecule (or a single chain of linked DNA molecules) whose ends are located in telomeres. X98X Chromosome LXXXH. i {heading) Evidence for the uninemy of eukaryotic chromatids.

unin'different, a. [un-‘ 7.]

unin'fected, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not infected or tainted with sedition, heresy, vice, or the like. Also const, by, with.

t 1. Unequal, unfavourable. Obs.-' 1565 Golding Cssar 209 When he saw howe thencounter was in an vnindifferent place.. [he] sent to.. his l^ieuetenant.

2. a. Of persons: Not impartial or fair-minded; prejudiced. Now arch. >57* Golding Calvin on Ps. xli. 3 The miserable man whom cruel and unindifferent persons sunnise to bee forlome. x6ii A. Munday Brief C'hron. A 8, This vertuous ..man, knowing; Death to be an vnindifferent Executor. 1673 O. VV ALKER Educ. 204 Unindifferent are those who are pre-ingaged. 1852 Fraser's Mag. March 246/1 He may consequently be supposed, to use the language of the law, ‘to stand unindifferent as he stands unsworn’.

t b. Of actions, etc.: Lacking in impartiality or fairness. Obs. >583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xxxix. 231 Such vnindifferent dealing shall alwayes be taken for theft before God. x6oo Tate in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 7 It may justly be thought unindifferent to nominate his own country for the place. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. 378 Stomacking.. the vnindifferent sharing of the Nordaine Bootie.

3. Not indiflferent; concerned, interested. x8x3 Lamb Play-ho Mem. Wks. 1908 I. 202 Those honest, hearty, well-pleased, unindifferent mortals above.

So unin'diflferently adv., unfairly. x6o8 Hieron Defence ii. 126 He .. maie easely perceyve .. how unindifferently and unequally he sorteth us and Cochl^eus togiihcr.

1628 Le Grys tr. Barclay's Argenis 88 What dost thou stay for? Till there be nothing vninfected in Sicily. Art thou afraid to disturbe their scarce ripe preparations? X678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 1. iv. §36. 553 Neither was Plotinus himself.. altogether uninfected with this Phantastick Conceit, a X7X5 Burnett Own Time n. xiii. (1897) 1. 535 By this means., all the outed ministers would be., kept from going round the uninfected parts of the kingdom. 1777 Robertson Hist. Amer. i. (1778) L 8 Preserving them a separate people uninfected by idolatry. X795 V. Knox Spir. Despotism §29 As influence increases, the jealousy and vigilance of the uninfected part of the community should increase in proportion.

2. Spec. Not infected with disease, poison, etc. X625 K. Long tr. Barclay's Argenis 11. xv. 111 Let us see, quoth hee, whether the Bracelet be uninfected. 1684 J. S. Profit ^ Pleas. United 16 Separating the infected, from the uninfected [cattle]. 1744 Armstrong Preserv. Health iii. 31 Serene he bears the peevish eastern blast. And uninfected breathes the mortal South. 1813 j, Thomson Lect. Inflam. 485 If pains be taken to prevent intercourse between the infected and uninfected. Retrospect Med. CII. 292 The risk of leaving untreated a clot in the immediate neighbourhood of very virulent septic matter in the hope that it may remain uninfected.

unin'fectious, a. (un-^ 7.) X744 Birch Life Boyle 32 If he w-ere given to any vice himself, he was careful.. to render it uninfectious.

un'indigent, a. (un-‘ 7.) X830 T. Taylor Argts. Celsus 63 A corporeal worship cannot even be paid to these, because they are naturally unindigent.

unin'dignant, a. (un-^ 7.) 1789 Anna Seward Lett. (1811) II. 299 A well-informed woman .. will at once find these volumes.. too vulgar for her unindignant endurance. 1800 G. Wakefield in Mem. (1804) II. 425 With unindignant apathy pass by Of Antijacobins the filthy stye?

unindiVidual, a. (un-* 7.) x8x2 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) I. 351 In the abstract and, as it were, unindividual nature of the idea, self, or soul. X892 Pall Mall G. 27 Apr. 2/3 A patient, thoughtful pianist, .. but almost altogether unindividual.

unindi'vidualized,

ppl.

a. (un-^ 8.)

X844 Poe in Columbian Lady's Gf Gentleman'5 Mag. Aug. 69/2 Man thus divested would be God — would be unindividualized. X864 W. Shedd Hist. Chr. Doctrine H. 81 Original sin is the product of human will as yet unindividualized in Adam. x882 Traill Sterne iv. 42 A completely colourless and unindividualized figure.

unin'ductive, a. (un-^ 7.) >855 Baden Powell Ess. 58 The ‘catastrophic’ hypothesis seems of an essentially uninductive nature.

unin'dulged,

ppL

a. (un-^ 8.)

[>775 Ash.] X820 T. Mitchell I. p. Ixxviii, To leave nothing unindulged, which could contribute to their gratification. X847 Ainsworth's Mag. XII. 42 A luxuryalmost unindulged since she had been in England.

unin'dulgent, a. (un-* 8.) >743 Francis tr. Horace, Odes ii. xvi. To Me, not unindulgent Fate Bestow’d a rural, calm Retreat.

unin'dustrious, a. (un-^ 7, 5 b.) >599 Daniel Musoph. Wks. (1602) C iii b. So farre beyond the ordinarie course. That other vnindustrious Ages ran. x6x2 Donne Lett. (1651) 122, I have [not] been., unindustrious in attempting that [i.e. to do good]. X667 Decay of Chr. Piety xiii. If 1 We cannot think it so sluggish or unindustrious an agent. 1693 W. Freke Sel. Ess. xxxiv. 216 It were .. an unindustrious encroaching on the publick property to attain it. X883 Century Mag. XXVI. 805 Hardly an industry, perhaps, or at any rate an unindustrious one. X887 Rider Haggard Jess xxi. That intelligent but unindustrious race.

So unin'dustriously adv. X648 Boyle Seraph. Love xvii. (1659) 115 Ev’n the Socinians. .are not a little, or un-industriously sollicitous.

uni'nebriating,/>/)/. a. (un-‘ 10.) ax86x T. WiNTHHOP Life in Open Air xii. (1863) 96 Toasting each other in the uninebriating flow of our beverages.

unineme ('ju:nini:m), a.

[f. uni- i -h Gr. v^p.a thread.] Of a chromatid: having (as usual) just one duplex of DNA. Cytology,

>963 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. XLIX. 794 Autoradiographic experiments.. have yielded results conformable to a poiyneme rather than a unineme structure of the chromosome. X972 Proc. R. Soc. B. CLXXXI. 21 Most cytologists refused (and some still refuse) to accept the simplest and most direct deduction from Taylor’s classical labelling experiment, namely that a chromatid, prior to replication, is unineme. X98X Chromosoma LXXXH. i The unineme concept is supported by genetical data.

Hence uni'nemic 787 Generous IV. 81 The haunts uninfested by the voice of man. Attachment

un'infiniteness. (un-‘ 12.) >656 [? J. Sergeant] tr. T. White's Peripat. Inst. 230 Science..is only restrain’d by uninfinitenesse of the number of the objects.

unin'flamed, ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not set on fire. X626 Bacon Sylva § 602 When any of those.. Bodies come to bee Inflamed then they gather a much greater Heat, than others have un-inflamed. 1663 J. Spencer Prodigies 15 The more gross and uninflamed parts must sometimes needs interrupt our sight of that fire. X743 Young Nt. Th. iv. 647 Rise odours sweet from incense uninflam’d? X794 R. J. Sulivan View Nat. 11. 163 That this inflammable body of coal should have remained uninflamed.. seems highly improbable.

2. fig. Not emotionally warmed or excited. X7X4 Young Force of Relig. ii. 199 Oh! let thy thought o’er our past converse rove. And show one moment un-inflam’d with love! 1846 Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. I. 204/2 You enunciate even these sentences,.. the most seditious, uninflamed, unwarmed. X876 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. II. 235 So hard is it to escape .. uninflamed by the tumult of partisanship which besets the doors.

3. Path.

Not affected by inflammation.

1793 J. Hunter Treat. Blood, etc. (1794) 280 The un¬ inflamed ear dried clear and transparent. x8x3 Thomson Lect. Inflam. 75 That the circulation is slower in inflamed than in uninflamed arteries. x866 Aitken Pract. Med. II. 911 Dry-, imbricated scales.. resting upon a perfectly un¬ inflamed surface.

uninflamma'bility. (un-* 12; cf. next.) x826 Henry Elem. Chem. II. 553 The second class..are distinguished .. by their uninflammability. X843 Civil Eng. & Arch.Jrnl. VI. 210/2 To test their uninflammability, Mr. Nash had a bonfire .. lighted on the roof.

unin'flammable, a. (un-' 7 b.) x666 Boyle Orig. Forms ^ Q^ol. ii. v. 325 To produce, out of two uninflammable Bodies, a third, that would be easily inflammable. X674- Grounds Corpusc. Philos. 25 Sulphur.. abounds with an acid and uninflammable salt. >756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 52 Water is an uninflammable fluid. X826 Henry Elem. Chem. I. 234 That one measure of hydrogen and oxygen gases.. was rendered un-inflammable by eight additional measures of hydrogen. X897 F. J. Burgoyne Library Construct. 22 Some uninflammable non¬ conductor. fig. ax•Jg^ H. Walpole Geo. II (1847) III. iv. 97 Uninflammable as the times were, they carried a great mixture of superstition.

unin'flated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [>775 Ash.] x86x Times 22 Oct., He is perfectly modest, unassuming, and uninflated.

unin'fiected, ppl. a. [un-* 1. Not bent or deflected.

8.]

X7X3 Derham Phys. Theol. i. i. 13 An uninflected Ray [of light]. X843 Griffith in Trans. Linnsan Soc. XIX. 198 The ordinary and uninflected membrane of the sac.

2. Not possessed of inflections. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. vii. 133 indefiniteness of uninflected languages.

The

original

Hence unin'flectedness. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. xii. 239 The line which separates utter uninflectedness from a rude agglutination.

unin'dicted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) >757 Wilkie Epigon. v. 151 While uninflicted hangs the fatal stroke.

un'induenceable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1734 Bolingbroke On Parties Ded. p. xii. The uninfluenc’d and uninfluenceable Freedom of Elections.

un’induenced, pp/. a. [un-* 8.] Not influenced or affected (by something). >734 [see prec.]. 1748 Anson's Voy. iii. vii. 363 Cool and uninfluenced by what they had drank. 1773 J. Allen Serm. at St. Mary's, Oxford 18 The unprejudiced, uninfluenced members of the holy Catholic Church. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xii. (1856) 86 The pack seems as yet uninfluenced. x8oo Disraeli Endym. xliii. Lord Roehampton .. will not.. be uninfluenced by the circumstances.

un'influencing, pp/. a. (un-* 10.) 1813-21 Bentham Wks. (1843) VIH. 209 Uninfluential or uninfluencing circumstances.

un'induencive, a. (un-* 7.) 1816 Coleridge Statesm. Man. App. 32 A few, on whose convictions it will not be uninfluencive to know, that [etc.].

uninflu'ential, a. (un-* 7.) 1661 Glanvill Van. Dogm. 191 Causes in our account the most palpable, may possibly be but uninfluential attendants. 18x5 Wordsw. Prose Wks. (1876) II. 123 Those pretended treasures of antiquity .. have been wholly uninfluential upon the literature of the Country. 1840 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) V. 67 It is intimated in some far from un¬ influential journals. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. I. 206 Would a writer so .. powerful.. have remained uninfluential and unknown?

Hence uninflu,enti'ality. 1880 J. Cairns Let. in MacEwen Life (1895) 7°* There has been a stronger tendency.. to put the broader side .. into visible uninfluentiality.

unin'formative, a. (un-* 7.) 1837 c. Lofft Self-formation I. 129 The child is driven to learn everything from books .. uninformative upon points of doubt.

unin'formed, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not informed, instructed, or enlightened on some matter or in some respect. >597 Sir Cecil in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 45 His being a King not of many yeares.. may h^pilie leave him uninformed of that course. 1644 Milton Bucer on Div. To Park. B2b, I., was not un-inform’d that divers, men testify’d their daily approbation of the book. 1667-P.L. VIII. 486 Guided by his voice, nor uninformed Of nuptial Sanctitie and marriage Rites. 1725 Pope Odyss. vin. 533 Who by Pheebus uninform’d, could .. sing so well the woe? 1794 S. Williams Vermont 156 The uninformed spectator is struck with horror. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla IV. 328 She was uninformed he had propagated it. >854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. xxvii. 436 Uninformed as to its contents. 1854 Poultry Chron. I. 260/2 Persons.. totally uninformed on the subject. absol. 1815 J- Cormack Abol. Fern. Infanticide Guzerat i. 5 This is a position, which the uninformed and the un¬ intelligent alone will dispute. 1892 Temple Bar Oct. 185 Notwithstanding the abstract nature of his studies, Mr. Hopkins was a charming companion, even to the uninformed.

2. Uninstructed, uneducated, ignorant. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. ii. §98 They.. obtained Proselytes of weak uninformed Ladies. 1745 Fielding Tom Jones VI. ii, So great a politician.. must surely., find out w’hat passes in the rude uninformed mind of a girl. 1791 Newte Tour Eng. Gf Scot. 372 Uninformed and credulous minds readily discover a similitude. 1825 Coleridge Aids Reft. 169 Even though the uninformed Heathens should not perish.

b. Marked by lack of information, or knowledge.

enlightenment,

1796 Gisborne Walks Forest (ed. 2) i. 14 Him uninform’d attachment to his chief.. arranged Beneath Rebellion’s standard. 1817 J. Scott Paris Reznsit. (ed. 4) 114 In the vagueness of uninformed speculation. 1891 Daily News 5 Nov. 2/5 The bankers pledged themselves .. with blind and uninformed confidence.

3. Not animated, enlivened, or inspired. 1709 Swift Vind. Bicker staff 'NVs. 1755 II. i. 172 If an uninformed carcase walks still about. 171 x Steele Spect. No. 33 IP 12 Without this irradiating Power., her most perfect Features are Uninform’d and Dead. X803 Wordsw. Yew-Trees 19 A grow-th Of., fibres serpentine upcoiling, and inveterately convolved, —Nor uninformed with Phantasy, and looks That threaten the profane.

t4. Unimproved by art. Obs. X748 Foote Knights l. Wks. 1799 I. 61 A raw boardingschool girl..with a mind unpolished, a figure uninformed.

unin'forming,a. (un-* 10.) 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (1720) 11. 199 An Absence of Mind, and an uninforming Faculty. >764 Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 222 It would be., uninforming to relate all the preparations. x8x2 Combe Syntax, Picturesque 11, The mangled post thus long had stood. An un-informing piece of wood. 1901 C. A. Scott Evang. Doctrine ii. 28 The name of ‘Protestant’ is popular, accidental and uninforming.

unin'fringeable, a. (un-* 7. Cf. uninfringible there.) 1743 H. Walpole Lett. (1903) I. 368 Upon conditions uniniringeable, 1 will give you one [sc. a commission].

unin'fringed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 16x0 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 784 Yet this doth not barre them [i.e. the Romans] the name of a people .. as long as they beare this our last definition vnin-fnnged. 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. II. ii. 60 Whether their strength be that way more uninfringed.. then if they [rr.

66

UNINGENIOUS isonsj were taken in at the mouth. 1736 Franklin Ess. ks. 1840 II. 281 Let us be vigilant to preserve them un¬ infringed, and free from encroachments. 1791 Cowper Iliad III. 128 He., insures The compact, to both parties, uninfringed. 1852 M. Arnold Human Life 4, I haue kept uninfringed my nature’s law. 1871 Geo. Eliot Middlem. xxxvii, Here was a question of ties which left them uninfringed.

unin'genious, a. [un-‘ 7.] fl. = UNINGENUOUS a. Obs. 1638 Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. iv. §53. 220 Full of uningenious dealing with your adversary. 1656 Heylyn Extraneus Vapulans 20 Of Mr. Noye.. (besides those uningenious passages of him which are still left standing) he telleth us also [etc.].

2. Lacking in ingenuity. 1769 Burke Obs. Late St. Nation 8 These uningenious paradoxes and reveries without imagination. 1787 Bentham Def. Usury xiii. 183 The wounded pride of the uningenious herd. 1888 Doughty Arabia Deserta I. 244 Little cups., made, for the uningenious Arabs, in the West.

uninge'nuity. [un-' 12.] f Disingenuousness. 1650 J. Weekes Truth's Confl. ii. 34 With as much disparagement and uningenuity, as likely can be in so many words. 1672 Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 264 This un¬ ingenuity is still practised,.. contrary to truth.

t unin'genuous, a. Obs. [un-* 7.] 1. Not frank, candid, or open; disingenuous. 1638 Chillingw. Relig. Prot. Answ. to Pref. 6 If beginings be ominous.. D. Potter hath cause to look for great store of uningenuous dealing from you. 1670 Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 189 The grossest and most uningenuous importunities of the most worthless men.

2. Ignoble, serv'ile. 1660 Jer. Taylor Ductor iii. ii. rule 9 §5 It is..an uningenuous subjection, to pay tribute for our meat and drink.

Hence f unin'genuousness.

Obs.

1644 Hammond Vind. Christ's Reprehending Peter ’jZy I cannot guesse what could be further added to prove the injustice and uningenuousnesse. .of this answer.

t unin'genuously, Disingenuously.

adv.

Obs.

[un-*

ii.]

1656 Hobbes Lib.., Necess., ^ Chance 4 To bring [such] arguments.. is to deale uningenuously and fraudulently with his Readers. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla HI. 394 A conquest, unduly, unfairly, and uningenuously obtained.

unin'grafted, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1830 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 289 [France] attempted .. to make terms with uningrafted royalty. 1834 J. Brown Lett. Sanctif. i. 204 It is folly to look for good fruit on an uningrafted tree.

unin'hibited, ppl. a. [un-*

UNINSTRUCTED 8.]

Not inhibited;

unrestrained. 1880 W. James Feeling of Effort 24 The motor idea,., uninhibited by remote associations,.. discharges by the preappointed mechanism into the right muscles. 1929 B. Russell Marriage & Morals x. 111, I think that uninhibited civilised people, whether men or women, are generally polygamous in their instincts. 1949 M. Mead Male & Female xii. 263 ‘Why,’ asks the uninhibited American child of 1949. ‘does no one ever go to the bathroom in a book?’ 1956 P. H. Johnson Last Resort xlv. 293 He coughed once or twice, blew his nose with an uninhibited trumpeting. 1971 S. Hill Strange Meeting ii. 147 Hilliard stood, pitying them their lack of privacy.. yet envying them too, their carefully ordered life and clear uninhibited friendships and enmities. 1980 A. N. Wilson Healing Art xvi. 194 In the States., he was being, according to his own lights, uninhibited.

Hence unin'hibitedly adv. 1959 Times 10 Jan. 7/6 An informal folk concert in which the audience uninhibitedly join. 1966 L. 6 Broin Dublin Castle & igi6 Rising vi. 47 Birrell was accustomed to express himself thus uninhibitedly to Nathan about personalities. 1976 New Society zz Jan. 147/1 If, as a child, things don’t go your way and you’re miserable, you can make the point by screaming, kicking or flinging your food on the floor. Adolescents and adults cannot show their unhappiness so uninhibitedly.

unin'humed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vii. (1626) 142 Dead corps, without the Dues of funerall, They weakly beare:.. Or vninhum’d they lye. 1791 Cowper Odyss. Xl. 84 Leave me not undeplored Nor uninhumed. 1835 Oriental Ann. 215 Thousands of carcasses.. would not then lie uninhumed, scattering pestilence over the land.

uni'nitiate,/)/)/. a. [uN-*8b.] = next. 1801 Southey Thalaba v. xxxvi. That, led by me, Feet uninitiate tread Your threshold, this atones! 1853 Kingsley Hypatia viii, The uninitiate vulgar., who revile such interpretations. 1874 Withrow Catacombs (1877) 532 The sacred mysteries hidden from the uninitiate and the unworthy.

uni'nitiated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) Also absol. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. v. 637 The Prophane and Un-initiated in the Mysteries. 1800 Whiter Etymol. Magnum 174 The uninitiated reader will perhaps be astonished. 1816 Bentham Chrestom. 55 Those., formularies, so appalling to every as yet uninitiated, and more particularly to the uninitiated juvenile eye. 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes i. What seemed to the uninitiated a serious journey. 1885 Atheneeum 19 Dec. 800/2 One uninitiated in the mysteries of Scottish genealogies.

uniniti'ation. (un-* 12.)

Uninhabited.

1834 H. O’Brien Round Towers 303 Nor was it but on the plea of ignorance and un-initiation that he did ultimately obtain pardon. 1873 Mrs. Whitney Other Girls xv. She left no lee-way for uninitiation.

C1460 in Bonn. Cl. Misc. (1855) HI. 36 To seke void landis and unenhabyte.

unin'jectable, a. (uN-*7b.)

unin'habitable, a.

1830 R. Knox Bedard's Anat. 178 The sum of the capillary blood vessels, and their proportion to the solid and uninjectable substance.

funin'habit, ppl. a.

Sc.

(un-^

Obs.

7 b.

[un-^

Cf.

8 b.]

unhab¬

itable.) 1448 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 401 The balyheis sal.. tak doune the durris..of thaim [5c. houses], and mak thaim uninhabitable. 1574 Golding Marlorat's Apocalips 299 The countrie of Sichimie..is desert and vninhabitable by reason of extreme cold. 1610 Shaks. Temp. ii. i. 37 Though this Island seeme to be.. Vninhabitable, and almost inaccessible. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 281 They would needs know of him.. how he came to that uninhabitable place. 1774 Pennant ToMr Sco?/. m 1772, 174 The far greater part of the country being uninhabitable by reason of the .. mountains. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sci. I. 155 It was supposed that the space between the tropical circles must be uninhabitable from heat. 1884 Law Times 27 Sept. 359/2 The Manor House, .being so dilapidated as to be almost uninhabitable.

Hence unin'habitableness.

un'injurable, a. (un-*

un'injured, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1578 R. L. in Whetstone Promos ^ Cass. Aiij, I hould my paynes wel satisfyed, and Maister Whetston uninjured. 1634 Milton Comus 403 [To] let a single helpless maiden pass Uninjur'd. 1693 Prior To Dr. Sherlock 57 Untouch’d thy Tomb, uninjur’d be thy Dust. 1725 Pope Odyss. xi. 477 Heroes who uninjur’d stood Amidst a war of spears. 1797 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 346 To put me on board the first uninjured Ship of the Line, a 1821 V. Knox Serm. Wks. 1824 VI. 171 Their own bosoms will be calm and serene, uninjured and uninjurious. 1884 Fortn. Rev. Jan. 50 The Indian tribes.. uninjured by and uninjuring Western culture.

1820 Milman Fall of Jerusalem 42 The pines.. From their proud heads shake off the uninjuring tempest. 1884 [see prec.].

unin'habited,/>/)/. a. (un-^ 8. Cf. unhabited.)

uninjurious, a. (un-* 7.)

Hence unin'habitedness. 1727 Bailey (vol. II), .. uninhabitedness. 1884 Chr. World iz June 434/4 The solitary uninhabitedness.. was something awful in its impressiveness.

uninherita'bility. (un-* iz.) i8i2 Coleridge in Southey Omniana II. 7 A determined believer in the uninheritability of sin.

most

unin'heritable, a. [un-* 7 b.] t Incapable of inheriting. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xvi. 671/1 [They allege] that the said Richard was finally for treason attainted, and adiudged vninheritable. 1780 M. Madan Thelyphthora II. 13 If women .. were not lawful wives in God’s sight, then the issue must be illegitimate, and, if so, uninheritable.

un'injuring* pp/. a. (un-* io, sd.)

1809 Coleridge Friend 155 The uninjurious and useful privileges of our English Nobility. />/. a. Sc. [un-* 8 b.] = next.

1773 Observ. State Poor 57 This unintoxicating beverage. 1844 H. G. Robinson Odes of Horace i. xvii, Hereshalt thou quaff.. The unintoxicating bowl Of Lesbian. 1876 Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) II. xii. 256 Unintoxicating grape-juice is converted into intoxicating wine.

1776 C. Keith Farmer's Ha' Ixiii, O here are joys uninterrup', Far hence is pleasure’s gangrene cup.

un'intricated, ppl. a.

uninte'rrupted, ppl. a. and adv. [un-* 8.] 1. Not interrupted or broken in respect of continuity or sequence; unintermittent, con¬ tinuous. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. xiii. Ixxvi. 316 The euer mouing heauens vninterrupted rounde. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §5 The uninterrupted pleasures.. of twenty-two years Peace. 1709 Addison Tatler No. 192 6 An uninterrupted Friendship and Felicity. 1781 Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxi. HI. 195 The uninterrupted succession of senators. 1849 Cobden Speeches 29 An interval of several years of uninterrupted peace. 1880 M/. a.

uninte'rruptedness. (f. uninterrupted.) *665 J. Serjeant Sure Footing 106 The ever-continuance or uninterruptedness of Tradition. 1671 Flavel i^ount. Life ii. 4 The Perpetuity and uninterruptedness thereof. 1791 Washington Let. Writ. 1892 XII. 46 My return to this place is sooner than I expected, owing to the uninterruptedness of my journey. 1834 J. W. Choker in C. Papers ii June, The musicians.. spoiled that uninterruptedness (what a word) which was so beautiful yesterday. 1876 Carpenter in Contemp. Rev. Jan., The Scientific Theist.. looks at the uninterruptedness of this order [in Nature] as the highest evidence of its original perfection.

uninte'rruptible, a. (un-* 7.) \1ulbeTTy Tree iii, The tree. Which lov'e’s unioncanopy made. 1879 W’hitney Sanskrit Gram. 78 All the simple vowels come to assume in certain cases the aspect of union-vowels, or insertions between root or stem and ending of inflection or of derivation.

c. In sense 7 b* as union baron^ -basher^ -card^ efues, hours, house, -jobber, negotiator, pay, scale, ticket, union-bashing, -busting (also as pres, pple.), -smashing vbl. sbs, ^^"7A Socialist Worker 26 Oct. 11/5 There is a need for links with the other unions in the entertainment industry and beyond, not just Media Conferences where Labour MPs and *union barons spout and TV directors nod approvingly. 1977 Times 14 Sept, i/i Voices in the Conservative Party arguing moderation rather than ‘‘union bashing’ in its approach to the closed shop... Sir Keith Joseph had been depicted as an ‘enthusiastic ‘union basher’. 19S0 Illustr. London News Mar. 19/3 It [sc. the Employment Bill] is not revolutionary, it is not union-bashing, but it imposes some legal restraints on secondary strike activity and provides some stimulus to union democracy. 1913 J. London Valley of Moon 198 They’re all ‘union-bustin’ to beat the band. 1947 Sun (Baltimore) 26 June 1/7 Unionbusting act. 1874 Rep. Proc. Internal. Typographical Union N. Amer. 84 The International Typographical Union shall issue., a card, with appropriate designs, to be called the ‘•Union Card’. 1977 ‘W. Haggard’ Poison People iv. 141 There’s .. an efficient Trade Union... You’ll need a Union card. 1977 Undercurrents ]une ]\i\y 11/4 Being an anarchist I don’t take dole nor can 1 afford ‘union dues. 1945 ‘Union hours (see social disease s.v. social a. 12]. 1937 F. M. Ford Let. 27 Mar. (1965) ^77 Doing what I can to persuade any publishers .. [to have] their printing done by ‘union houses. 1841 Penny Cycl. XXL 411/1 The many dishonest abstractions of their [Pension Societies’] funds, of which the mere ‘Union jobbers are so often guilty. 1964 Mod. Law Ret'. XXVIll. II!, 274 The local ‘union negotiator (shop steward and the like, who is so vital to the operation of collective bargaining) will.. usually be an employee. 1914 D. fl. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd ui. 75 Well, if he’s badly hurt, there’ll be the ‘Union-pay, and sick-pay we shall manage. 1976 Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. D-2/6 The artists will be paid ‘union scale, and the Kennedy Center is donating the space, he added. 1897 Weslm. Gaz. 30 Aug. 1/3 A general poliev of ‘union-smashing. 1891 A. French Otto the Knight 19, t went to two or three cities, but I couldn’t get work, having no ‘union ticket. 1908 Kipling Lett, of Travel (1920) 167 It is difficult to get skilled labour into here?.. Even if he has his Union ticket? 1948 Union ticket [see ante r.].

d. In sense 7 e, as union cloth, cord {braid), damask, diaper, goods, etc.; also (of garments), ‘made of union cloth or fabric’. 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 3995, Woollen and union cloths. 1867 Ore’s Diet. Arts (ed. 6) III. 971 Union goods, cloths of a n.ixed character, as of flax and jute, or cotton and jute. 1868 Chambers’ Encycl. X. 268/1 Many of the names used in the all-wool class are retained in this [rc. fabrics composed of wool and cotton], with the addition of the word ‘union’, as union merino, union shalloon, union damask, &c. 1882 Caulfeild & Sawahd Diet. Needlew. 507 Union cord, a round white cord, made for stay-laces,., composed of both linen and cotton thread. Ibid., Union Cord Braid, Union Diaper. 1896 Godey’s Mag. Feb. 218/2 Union undergarments of silk or wool.

e. In senses 7d, 10 b, as union boy, man. 1846 (title). The Union and Parish Officer’s Pocket Almanac and Guide. 1859 J. H. Steggall Hist. Suffolk Man i. 29, 1 was worse than any union boy with his hair polled. 1871 ‘M. Legrand’ Cambr. Freshm. 303 He’s out o’ the Union,.. The Union men break the stones on the roads.

12. Special combs.: union bow Archery, a bow made of two or more pieces united together; a backed or back bow {Cent. Diet. 1891); union catalogue, a catalogue of the combined holdings of several libraries; union dye, a dye that will satisfactorily dye the two materials of a union cloth, esp. cotton and wool, at the same time; so union dyeing vbl. sb.- union-grass, one or other of the grasses belonging to the genus Uniola (ibid.); Union House, the poorhouse or workhouse of a Poor Law union (cf. senses 7 d and 10 b, and Union workhouse)-, union-joint (see quots. and sense 9); union list, a union catalogue, esp. one giving details of periodical holdings in several libraries; union nut, {a) a nut used with a screw to unite one part to another; {b) the Australian timber-tree Bosistoa sapindiformis, or its wood; union pear (see quot.); union-pump (see quot.); union purchases, a method of cargo-handling (see quots.); union-room Brewing, the room containing the unions or cleansing vats; unionrustic, a British night-moth, Apamea connexa {Encycl. Diet. 1888); union screw (see quot. and union joint)-, union shop orig. U.S., a shop, factory, trade, etc., in which employees must belong to or join a trade union; a post-entry closed shop (see post-entry a.); union suit, t(a) ? a set of mirrors; {b) chiefly N. Amer., a one-piece under-garment reaching to the ankles; = combination 9; union system Brewing (see quots. and sense 8); union-wide a., that involves or encompasses the whole of a trade union (movement); Union workhouse, = Unton House. See also Union flag. Jack. 1897 Libr.Jrnl. Sept. 4J7 One of the latest examples of co¬ operative library work is the ‘union catalog of medical

71 literature recently completed in Denver. 1982 Papers Diet. Soc. N. Arner. ipyg 83 Most union catalogs are made up from individual libraries’ catalog cards and are created by dispensing with the subject element in the individual library catalogs. 1909 Owens & Standage Dyeing & Cleaning Textile Fabrics 36 ‘Union dyes are,. of more general adaptation to the renovating of garments than any other class of dyewares. 1963 A. J . Hall Student’s Textbk. Textile Sci. iv. 191 Union dyes are a mixture of direct cotton dyes and neutral dyeing acid wool dyes. 1909 Owens & Sta.ndage Dyeing Sf Cleaning Textile Fabrics 38 Full directions are given later for ‘union dyeing. 1974 N. G. & T. E. Harries Textiles vi, 5*7 "Fwo variations of piece dyeing are union dyeing and cross dyeing. 1847 Alb. Smith Chr. Tadpole xlvi, ‘Anything new at the ‘Union House to-day Mr. Mole?’ 1893 Dmh News 10 April 5/4 The Prince’s inscription in the Dunmow Union House visitors’ book. 1850 WEALE Diet. Terms 493 *Union screws or joints,. .the brass unions for connecting the elastic bore-pipe of the tender to the feed-pipe of the [locomotive] engine. 1867 J. Hogg Microsc. i. ii. 107 A finer [adjustment] is secured by a well made union-joint. 1885 Ltbr. Jrnl. X. 370 A ‘union list of periodicals in these libraries. 1968 Bodl. Libr. Rec. VHI. 63 Union list of serials in the science area, Oxford. 1978 Amer. N. Gf Q. XVH. 9/1, 1 am initiating a union list of 19th century photographically illustrated books in library collections throughout the country. 1838 Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 133/1 It.. is attached to a ferrule by a ‘union nut and screw, and can be as easily removed. 1889 Maiden Useful PI. 387 Bosistoa sapindiformis. Union Nut. 1731 Miller Gard. Diet. 6 U, The ‘Union Pear; otherwise call’d Dr. Uvedale’s St. Germain. This is a very large long Pear, of a deep green Colour, i860 J. Hogg Fruit Man. 217. 1875 Knight Diet. Mech. ztsSijz * Union-pump,. .one in which the engine and pump are united in the same frame. 1926 B. Cunningham Cargo Handling at Ports (ed. 2) v. 46 The principle of using the double line with a single hook for the combined process of lifting and slewing, called in this country [sr. Great Britain] the ‘Union Purchase. 1961 B.S.I. News Mar. 13/1 Greater safety for stevedores handling cargo by the union purchase method (the operation of two ships’ derricks in tandem). 1886 Bickerdyke’ Cur. Ale & Beer 339 The ‘union-room.. [at Allsopp’s] contains 1,424 unions, which can cleanse 230,688 gallons at one time. 1850 Weale Diet. Terms 494 The feed¬ pipe is likewise attached to the lower end of the pump by a large ‘union screw. 1904 McClure’s Mag. Feb. 370/1 Many stores, restaurants, and saloons display placards in their windows advertising the fact that they are strictly ‘union shops. 1937 F. M. Ford Let. 27 Mar. (1965)276,1 will, .ask the publisher.. whether or not the Riverside Press, which prints this book, is or is not a union shop. 1977 Time 7 Mar. 28/2 The section permits states to ban the so-called union shop, which requires new employees to join unions. 1714 Land. Gaz. No. 5214/3 All sorts of Coach Glasses, Chimney Glasses, Sconces, Dressing Glasses, ‘Union Suits, Dressing Boxes, swinging Glasses [etc.]. 1892 Ladies’ Home Jrnl. Sept. 29/3 Yes, you will say to yourself, I know all about union suits, but do you? 1948 W, Faulkner Intruder in Dust vii. 147 sagging fences.. by nightfall would be gaudy with drying overalls.. and unionsuits, 1967 E. S. Turner Taking Cure xii. 187 Smedley.. urged the wearing of merino union suits for both adults and children. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 275/2 There are three modes of cleansing—.. 2d, by running the beer into casks, and then allowing the yeast to work out through the bung holes; and 3d, on what is called the ‘Union, or Burton system, which is the second plan with some improvements. 1886 ‘Bickerdyke’ Cur. Ale & Beer 333 When the fermentation has almost ceased, the beer is put into smaller vessels .. and the froth either works over the side or is skimmed off or, as in the ‘union’ system at Burton, works up through pipes. 1937 Nation 14 Aug. 165/1 Assuming. .‘unionwide participation. 1981 N.Y. Times 24 Mar. 14B/4 The operators also gave up a unionwide arbitration review board. 1851 Kingsley Yeast xii, As he went on, talking wildly to himself, he passed the ‘Union Workhouse. 1863 Fawcett Pol. Econ. iv. iv. 581 The inmates of the union-workhouse are subject to certain restraints.

Hence 'unional a., of or pertaining to union or a union (esp. of countries); 'unioned a., joined in union; 'unioner U.S., an adherent of the Union during the American Civil War. 1889 Scott. Leader 18 Apr. 6 If the Unionist has destroyed both the national and ‘unional sentiment in the Irish. 1905 Q. Rev. July 273 The Unional flag had been hauled down. 1787 _J- Barlow Vision of Columbus vi. 191 Great Washington arose in view, And ‘union’d flags his stately steps pursue. 1880 Tourgee Fool’s Err. vii. 31 The old ‘Unioner’s report in regard to the doughty colonel.

'union, sb.^ Now arch. Also 4 vniune. [ad. L. union-em, unto UNIO: cf. onion sb. 7. So called (acc. to Pliny Nat. Hist. ix. xxxv. §56) because no two are exactly alike.]

A pearl of large size, good quality, and great value, esp. one which is supposed to occur singly. Freq. in 17th c., esp. in allusion to or echoes of the story related of Cleopatra: see Pliny loc. cit. §59. The following early instance is prob. of AF. origin: c 1305 Land Cokayne 89 her is saphir and vniune, Carbuncle and astiune. 1592 Soliman ^ Pers. ii. i, Then they play, and when she hath lost her gold, Erastus pointed to her chaine, and then she said: I, were it Cleopatraes vnion. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 5 Precious unions and costly spyces. 1635 Heywood Hierarchy vii. 419 A Pendant Vnion to adorne her Eare, Rarer no Queene was euer seenc to weare. 1694 Motteux Rabelais iv. iv. 19 Between whose Septenary Links.. Rubies, Emeralds,.. and Unions were alternatively set in. /)/. a. (un-* 10,) Also unirritatingly (Webster, 1847). 1797 Abernethy Surg. Ess. 98 The abscess at last became .. un-irritating to the constitution. 1839-47 Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 613/2 The smooth and unirritating condition of the inner surface of the deserted shell. 1896 Mrs. Caffyn Quaker Grandmother 20 Sin is a chastener that conduces to unirritating niceness.

tuni'rrooted, ppl. a. Obs. [f. un-' 8c + yrooted, pa. pple. of root v.^ Cf. unrooted ppl. a.] Not rooted out or eradicated. 1600 Tourneur Transf. Metam. Iviii, Not hable to endure His heart should knowledge of such harme immure An houre, and th’ wrong rest vnirrooted out.

uniselector ('ju:nisil6kt3(r)). Teleph. and Electr. [f. UNI- 2 + SELECTOR.] A selector (sense c{b)) which has a wiper free to rotate about an axis but not to move along it. 1930 Gloss. Terms Telegraphs & Telephones (B.S.I.) 27 Uniselector. 1938 c. W. Wilman Automatic Telephony (ed. 2) iii. 20 Single-motion switches are commonly termed uniselectors, lineswitches being known as subscribers’ uniselectors. 1956 G. A. Montgomerie Digital Calculating Machines ix. 181 The other major component of interest to us is the stepping switch or uniselector. 1971 J. H. Smith Digital Logic i. 4 An electronic telephone exchange uses static switching, but.. a conventional exchange .. uses relays and uniselectors consisting entirely of moving parts.

uniserial (juini'sisnal), a. Chiefly Bot., Zool., etc. [See uni- and serial a.] Arranged in, consisting of, one series or row; characterized by this kind of form or arrangement. 1839 Proc. Berw. Nat. Club I. 198 Suckers uniserial. 1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. V. 290/1 In those genera in which these processes form a single line the gills are said to be uniserial. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Palaeont. 325 The teeth are conical and uniserial.

uniseriate (juini'siarist), a. Bot. and Zool. [See

b. Zool.

Of animals or their organs.

In Ent. of certain agamic broods of Aphides', consisting of the female sex only (CenL Diet. 1891). 1830 R. Knox BeclarcTs Anat. 29 The organs of generation present all the varieties, unisexual, without copulation, hermaphrodite [etc.]. i86i Hulme tr. MoquinTandon II. I. 47 In a great number of animals the sexes are separated and placed on distinct individuals: these are said to be unisexual. 1877 Darwin Forms of FI. Introd. 2 The males and females of ordinary unisexual animals.

2. Pertaining or restricted to one sex; U.S. esp. of colleges or schools. 1885 L. Oliphant Sympneumata 182 The relationship of person which would maintain in a painful activity the currents of the decaying unisexual layers of either frame. 1886 Century Mag. June 326/1 One final provincialism of the mind there is, which a unisexual college certainly never would have any power to eradicate. 1904 Daily Chron. 14 Oct. 6 The present unjust system of unisexual punishments.

3. = UNISEX a. 1970 Sunday Times 29 Nov. 29/2 Adolescents of both genders strode along.. with books and long flaxen unisexual hair. 1978 C. Sykes in R. Buckle U ^ Non-U Revisited 52 By the 1960s unisexual umbrellas were commonplace in Germany.

Hence uni'sexually adv. 1891 Cent. Diet, s.v., Animals unisexually developed. 1901 Nature 10 Jan. 252/1 Not that spontaneous variations are always inherited unisexually.

unisexu'ality. Bot. and Zoo/, [f. prec. + -ity.] a. The state or condition of being unisexual. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 155 The unisexuality of the flowers of both genera. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. i. 67 There is some reason to suspect.. that unisexuality is the result of the abortion of the organs of the other sex, in males and females respectively. 1898 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 298 Asexuality passes through bisexuality into unisexuality.

b. In sense of unisexual a. 3. 1971 Daily Tel. 13 Aug. 9/2 If he meant anything serious at all in his comedy., it can only have been the tedium arising from such coy and quaint treatments of unisexuality. 1973 Ibid. 25 Sept. 18 The notion of a blatant unisexuality such as she implies is not the aim of these antidiscrimination laws—or of the majority of feminists.

uni- and seriate a.] = prec. 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 215 With cellules interruptedly uniseriate, and occasionally biseriate. 1872 H. C. Wood Fresh-w. Algae 68 Cells uni-seriate. 1887 W. Phillips Brit. Discomycetes 243 Sporidia uniseriate.

Hence uni'seriately adv. 1848 Dana tuberculate.

Zoo.

133

Upper

margin

uniseriately

'unisex, a. ands6. [f. uni- -i- sexs6.] A.adj. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by a style (of

uni'silicate. Min. Dana.) Also attrib.

[uni-^]

(See quot. from

1879 Rutley Stud. Rocks x. 140 In chemical composition the garnets are essentially unisilicates of different sesquioxides and protoxides. 1879 Dana Man. Min. (ed. 3) 242 In the Unisilicates, one molecule of silicon is combined with two of an element in the protoxide state ..; or with twothirds of a molecule in the sesquioxide state. Ibid., Among the species referred to the Unisilicates there are some that vary from the unisilicate ratio.

UNISOLATED u'nisolated, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) Jrnl. R. .\Itcrosc. Sot. VI. 47 Xhe unisolatcd hyoid muscles of the frog.

unison (juinisan, -zan), sb. and a. Also 6 unisonne, vnisone, unizon (vnisson), 7 unisone. [a. OF. unison (Oresme), later and mod.P'. unisson (i6th c.), or ad. late L. unison-us (whence It., Sp., and Pg. unhono (also as sb.). It. \unissono, Sp. unison) of the same sound as something else, f. L. uni- UNI- and sonus sound 5^.^] I'he apparently early example in the York Mystery Plays 262 is probably a scribal error for ‘vrysoune’ ( = orison). XXV.

A. sb. 1. Mus. and Acoustics, a. A sound or note of the same pitch as another; also loosely, a note taken as a starting-point from which intervals are reckoned. Now rare, or taken as transf. from b. *574 F Ketr. a. Le Roy's Instr. Lute 17 You must.. haue recourse to an other siryng, that maketh the vnisson with that. 1609 Douland Ornithoparcus' Microl. 17 An Vnison is .. a Voyce so qualified, that it neither tendeth to depth nor to height. ^ 1660 Boyle New Experiments Phys. Mech. 211 A string tun’d (as Musicians speak..) to an Unison with it. 1694 Holder Harmony iv. 54 By Unison is meant, some¬ times the Habitude or Ration of Equality of two Notes compared together, being of the very same Tune. Some¬ times (as here) for the given single Note to which the Distance, or the Rations of other Intervals are compared. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Interval, Unisons, 'tis plain, cannot possibly have any Variety. 1881 Nature XXIV^ 358 When the higher note has reached a point about half-way between unison and the octave note. transf. 1677 Phil. Trans. XVI11. 840 Not the whole of that other string doth thus tremble, but the several parts severally, according as they are Unisons to the whole. fig. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1792) I. 181 The muscles of Harry’s expressive countenance, like an equallytuned instrument, uttered unisons to every word he heard.

b. Identity in pitch of two or more sounds or notes; the agreement or consonance of the sounds of two or more bodies vibrating at equal rates; the relation of two notes of the same pitch reckoned as one of the musical ‘intervals’. *575 Gascoigne Weedes Wks. 1907 I. 381 At Musickes sacred sounde, my fansies eft begonne, In Concordes, discordes, notes and cliffes, in tunes of unisonne. 1596 Bathe Brief Introd. Skill of Song C, A concord is diuided into an Vnizon, Third, Fift, Sixt [etc.]. 1626 Bacon Sylva §103 The Diapason or Eight in Music is the sweetest Concord; insomuch as it is in effect an Unison. 1694 [see aj. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Octave, The most simple Perception the Soul can have of true Sounds, is that of Unison. 1749 J. Mason Numbers in Poet. Comp. 21 Those [metrical] Feet.. are in Proportion of the Unison in Musick. .. And they are said to answer to the Unison. 1806 Callcott Mus. Gram. 11. i. 90 The Unison,.. although it cannot properly be reckoned an Interval, is always considered as such. 1873 Banister Music §103 Two, or more, perfect sths, perfect 8ves, or perfect unisons, are forbidden between the same two parts. 1896 W. G. WooLCOMBE Pract. Work Physics iii. Pref., The nearest approach to unison between two musical notes.

c. A combination of melodies at the same pitch (or, loosely, one or more octaves apart) in different parts, i.e. performed by different voices or instruments. Also in fig. context. In quot. 1730 used loosely for each of such melodies (in this case on different sets of strings of the same instrument: cf. unison string in 5). [1724 Short Explic. For. Wds. in Mus. Bks., Unissono, a Unison... This word is also used when in Symphonies of Songs Two Violins both play the same Thing, or the Violin and Song, or the Bass and Song, &c.] 1730 in Abridgm. Specif. Patents, Music i A new invented harpsichord upon which (having only two sets of strings) may be performed either one or two unisons, or two unisons & one octave together. 1795 Mason Ch. Music i. 82 Every ear felt the stupendous effect both of unison and harmony. 1799 Kollmann Ess. Mus. Composition iii. 18 In Unisons, or passages where all instruments play the same melody, though in different Octaves. 1855 Pusey Doctr. Real Presence 721 When the Holy Spirit.. swept over the discordant strings of human tongues and thoughts.. and blended all their varying notes into one holy unison of truth. 1869 Ouseley Counterp. xiv. 83 When the number of parts exceeds four, unisons may be used.

d. In the phrase in (..) unison (in sense b or

c). 1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. ii. 546 Not suffering her shrill w’aters, as they run. Tun’d with a whistling gale in unison. 1749 J- Mason Numbers in Poet. Comp. 21 Two Strings of 375 Social Friends, Attun’d to happy Unison of Soul,.. Now call’d abroad enjoy the falling Day. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla I. 4 ’This exemplary couple was bound to each other by the most perfect unison of character. 1819 Keats Vis. Hyperion i. 418 Nor could my eyes And ears act with that unison of sense Which marries sweet sound with the grace of form. 1858 Sears Athan. ix. 77 Thence life and health spread through our animal frames, restoring them to a unison with divine laws. 1871 Farrar Witn. Hist. v. 183 That beautiful unison of noble manhood, stainless womanhood, joyous infancy, and uncontaminated youth.

t c. afMntsoM (also af.. MMtsons), = next. Obs. 1665 Glanvill Scepsis Sci. xiii. 76 Reason and Faith are at perfect Unisons. 1772 Test Filial Duty 11. 173 The sensations of friendship have not enough of fire in them, to warm the heart into that proper temperature, requisite to render it at unison with the delirium of lovers. Ibid. 238 Set all my affections at unison.

d. in unison, in agreement or harmony, concordant, consonant, harmonious. Freq. in unison with. 1780 CowpER Parrot 36 Each character in ev’ry part Sustain’d with so much grace and art. And both in unison. 1782 V. Knox Ess. xxviii, IP8 It is the more tranquil style which is most frequently in unison with our minds. 1815 Jane Austen Emma xli. It was all in unison; words, conduct, discretion and indiscretion told the same story. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 287 A mode of redress perfectly in unison with the character of the man. i860 Pusey Min. Proph. 26 Dumb inanimate nature seems to rejoice and to be in unison with our sense of joy. 1879 Farrar St. Paul I. 312 When such allies were in unison.. it was easy to strike a deadly blow at the Nazarenes.

5. attrib.: unison stop, (a) in an organ, a stop of the same pitch as the diapasons; (b) in a harpsichord (see quot. 1896); unison string, in a pianoforte or other instrument, a string tuned to the same pitch as another (or, loosely, to a pitch an octave higher); unison tune, a tune to be sung in unison, as distinct from harmony or ‘parts’; unison-tuning, the tuning of strings (of a pianoforte, etc.) in unison. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 493/1 Trumpet and Oboe stops, being what are called *unison stops,.. take their lengths from the open diapason. 1896 A. J. Hipkins Pianoforte 122 Unison Stop, properly the second foundation register in a harpsichord; the shorter of the unison strings in a double keyboard one, and sounding on the lower keyboard only. 1685 Boyle Effects Motion vii. 80 A certain impulse of Air, made by one of the ’Unison-strings of a musical Instrument, may suffice to produce a visible motion in another. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. iii. §4, I feel an affection in my soul, like the trembling of one lute, upon striking the unison strings of another. 1896 [see unison stop above]. 1869 Pall Mall G. 7 July iz/z Mr. John Goss, Mr. E. J. Hopkins, and Mr. J. Baptiste Calkin have composed ’unison tunes for this volume. 1889 Brinsmead Hist. Pianoforte 186 The same plan as that for learning the ’unison-tuning may be adopted for the octave, but care must be taken that the unison of the note is tuned afterwards.

B. adj. f 1. Sounding at once or together. Obs.-' 1582 Stanyhurst jEneis iii. (Arb.) 73 Thus God Apollo cryed; but wee with an vnison outcrye. .demaunded, what place God Phoebus apoincted.

fb. fig. United and consenting, as the pronouncement of a number of persons; expressing complete agreement; unanimous, concordant, consonant, harmonious. Obs. 1650 W. Charleton Paradoxes Prol. f4 b, By the unisone vote of the multitude. 1651 H. L’Estrance Answ. Mrq. Worcester 51 Is the Church of Rome so unison, so all of a piece, as to afford no jarres? a 1662 Heylyn Laud 11. (1671) 447 The first branch [of a Bill] was carried in the Negative by., an Unison-consent in the Lords then present. 1760-2 Goldsm. Cit. W. XXX, I only beg you’ll endeavour to make your souls unison with mine.

tc. Concordant or consonant to something. Obs.

UNISSUED 1710 R. Ward Life H.^More 234 Some Circumstances... or Particulars of his Writings, arc not so unison to my Slower Faculties. 1760-72 H Brooke Fool of Qual. (1792) V. 10 This doctrine sounded unison to the secret feelings of our youn^ Englishman.

fd. Like-sounding; equivalent. Obs.

'

1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy i. xix, Tristram!- Melancholy dissyllable of sound! which, to his ears, was unison to Nincompoop.

2. Mus. and Acoustics. Identical in pitch; singing, sounding, etc., in unison; unisonal, unisonous. Now rare or Obs. 1614 Jackson Creed iii. xviii. §4 .As a string, though untouched, and unable to begin motion of itself, will yet raise it selfe to an vnison voice. 1622 Peacham Compl. Gent. xi. 104 Two Lutes of equall size being laid vpon a Table, and tuned Vnison, or alike in .. any .. string; the one stricken, the other untouched shall answer it. 1667 Milton P.L. vii. 599 All sounds on Fret by String or Golden W'ire Temper’d soft Tunings, intermixt with Voice Choral or Unison. 1694 Holder Harmony iv. 51 The Unison Concord .. is no Space or Interval, but an Identity of Tune. 1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Mus. 580 When Two Voices sing together one Song, ’tis more agreeable that they be 8ve than unison with one another, in every Note. 1893 S. Gee Auscult. & Percussion (ed. 4) I. iii, 69 A unison vibration, convibration, or consonance of the wall is required to the production of tone.

unisonal (jui'nisanal), a. Mus. [f. prec. + -al'.]

= UNISONOUS a. I. 1728 R. North Mem. Music (1846) 66 All was plain-song, that is counterpoint unisonall. 1865 Reader 19 Aug. 214 The unisonal female-voice choruses. 1882 Amer. Missionary Mar, 70 Their general style is recitative and chorus, though a few are pure solos or unisonal measures. 1898 Record 4 Nov. 108^/2 In spite of one’s own loving reverence for unisonal singing.

Hence u'nisonally adv., in unison. 1882 Standard 20 Feb., A passage of broken quavers., given out unisonally by the full orchestra. 1887 Ch. Times 4 March (Cassell’s), Tenors and basses burst in unisonally.

u'nisonance. rare. [ad. L. type *unisortarttia (whence Sp. and Pg. unisonancia), f. med.L. unison-us-. see unison.] Agreement or identity of sounds (see quots.). 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Concord, Unisonance, then, being the Relation of Equality between the Tunes of two Sounds, all Unisons are Concords, and in the first Degree. Ibid. s.v. Unison, What constitutes Unisonance, is the Equality of the Number of Vibrations of the two sonorous Bodies in equal Times. [Hence in Webster (1828 32), etc.]

unisonant Ow'nisanant), a. [f. L, uni- uni- + sonant-, sonans (see sonant a.), after dissonant, etc. Cf. F. unissonant.'\ Of the same pitch or sound; unisonal, unisonous. Also in fig. context. 1801 Busby Diet. Mus., Unisonus, or Unisonant, an epithet applied to those sounds which are., in unison with each other. 1834 Mrs. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sci. xvii. (1836) 168 If two bottles be.. tuned by filling them with such a quantity of water as will render them unisonant with two tuning-forks which differ in pitch. 1886 Linskill Haven under Hill H. ix. 115 The mystic, moving, unisonant harmony that was stirring and breaking upon her own soul.

tuniso'neity. Obs.-'^ [f. as next -t- -(e)ity.] A state of agreement or concord; unanimity. 1663 Waterhouse Fortesc. Illustr. 414 The Lawes of Nations do affirm the nature of it [re. marriage] to a Vnisoneity, as appears in the Digest.

unisonous (jui'msanss), a. (see unison) + -ous.]

[f. late L. unison-us

1. Mus. Of the same pitch for the different voices or instruments; composed, performed, or rendered in unison or in octaves, and not in parts; unisonal. 1781 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry HI. 171 These apt notes [to sing the Psalms with] were about forty tunes, of one part only, and in one unisonous key. 1789 Burney Hist. Mus. III. 389 Nothing now but syllabic and unisonous psalmody was authorised in the Church. 1818 Blackw. Mag. HI. 65 The Psalms being set to simple or unisonous melodies, to render them fit for public service. 1867 Contemp. Rev. IV. 190 Their deadness took the form of a drawling unisonous singing of the old tunes. 1894 Times 11 June 9/5 The player’s left hand .. was audibly less at home than the right in the unisonous finale.

2. Exhibiting agreement, concord, or sameness of character or nature; concordant. 1812 Shelley Let. to Miss Hitchener 29 Jan., Minds unisonous in reason and feeling. 1851 Gallenga Italy H. xii. 415 The patriots are uniform, methodical in their transactions, unisonous in their demands. 1858 Gladstone Homer I. 34 The voice of the Homeric poems is in this respect.. unisonous,.. and not multiform.

tunisound. Obs. rare. [Alteration of unison sb.\ see uni- and sound ^6.^] A unison. 1763 Ann. Reg., Misc. 192/2 By dividing the musical notes into six, as nature directs, the unisound will fall on the seventh note. Ibid. 193/1 [The notes] i,j, s, d, are likewise unisounds to /, z, t, alike.

t'umsounding, ppL

a. Having only one sound.

Obs.-^

[See uni-.]

1620 H. Fitz-Geoffery Certain Elegies A 8 b, Fennor, with his Vnisounding Fare word.

unissued, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1667 joth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 57 He may be recompenced .. out of the pay of the saia Sir James Midleton unissued. 1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3890/3 Several of the Debentures.. do remain still unissued. Daily News 12 Oct. 9/3 A large block of unissued shares.

UNIT unit Cjuinit), sb. (and a.). Also 6-8 unite, [f. L. iin-us one; the ending was probably suggested by digit and composit(e. Introduced by Dee, who thus draws attention to the form in his Math. Pref. (1570) ‘iij marg.^ Note the worde, Vnit, to expresse the Grcke Monas, and not Vnitie; as we haue all, commonly, till now, vsed.]

1. a. Math. A single magnitude or number regarded as an undivided whole and as the ultimate base of all number; spec, in Arithmetic, the least whole number; the numeral ‘one’, represented by the figure i. Cf. unity i b. a. 1570 Dee Math. Pref. •iij. Number, we define, to be, a certayne Mathematical! Summe, of Vnits. And, an Vnit, is that thing Mathematical!. Indiuisible, by participation of some likenes of whose property, any thing, which is in deede, or is counted One, may reasonably be called One. 1575 Recorde Gr. Artes Yiijb, An Improper Fraction,., that is to saye, a fraction in forme, which in dede is greater than an Unit. 1654 J. Eyre Exact Surveyor 12 In the ordinary use of this [Decimal] Chain, for measuring and plotting, you may take onely notice of Units and Primes. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vii. xxxiv. 51 The Characteristick of any Logarithme must consist of an Unit less than the given Number consisteth of Digits or Places. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Number, Cardinal Numbers [are] those which express the Quantity of Units; as, i, 2, &c. 1794 CuNN Doctr. Fractions 62 Repetends that begin at the same place, whether at Units, Primes, Seconds. 1832 Hood Ode toj. Hume i. Units, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands, Millions. 1838 De Morgan Ess. Probab. 33 Write down as many numbers, reckoning downwards, as there are units in the number. 1875 Encycl. Brit. 11. 527/1 [In arithmetical notation] the figure placed furthest to the right has the same significance as when it stands alone, i.e. it represents units. 1588 A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. iij, Compte..swa mony epactis as yair is vnites in ye golden nombre. 1597 Blundevil Exerc. (ed. 2) i. vii. 12 Such [numbers] as cannot bee divided but that there will remaine some odde unite, those are called Primes. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 226 The great variety the number seven doth produce by the various transposition of its unites. 1679 Moxon Math. Diet. 162 An Unite is the beginning of Number, and .. receiveth no division in Numbers, even as a Point in Magnitudes. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archil. II. 89/1 If, as some affirm, the unite be no number, but only the source of all others. t b.

Without article;

=

unity i

b. Obs.

1717 Phil. Trans. XXX. 618 The Logarithm of Unite is nothing; and.. the nearer any Number is to Unite, the nearer will its Logarithm be to o. 1823 Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 364 In the proportion of a million at least to unit.

c. Any determinate quantity, dimension, or magnitude adopted as a basis or standard of measurement for other quantities of the same kind and in terms of which their magnitude is calculated or expressed. A large number of special units adopted in technical and scientific use are recorded in some Diets. 1738 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Degree, Thus, a Degree, as being the integer or unite, is denoted by 1816 Playfair Nat. Phil. II. 209 Hitherto, the distance of the Sun from the Earth has served as the unit, by which we have measured all other distances in the planetary system. 1825 Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 52 The necessity of establishing a standard of value with us, and of the adoption of a money Unit. 1854 Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1. 253 The loss of heat from these sources has been estimated .. at about 7 units of heat per hour per square foot. 1867 Noad Text. Bk. Electricity 201 The unit of a current conveys a unit of electricity through the circuit in a unit of time. 1870 F. L. Pope Electric Tel. iii. (1872) 25 The ohm is a unit of resistance, in the same manner that an inch is a unit of length, or a pound a unit of weight. 1886 Ruskin Prseterita I. 323 Musical people.. have not yet fixed their unit of time. Comb. 1892 Nation (N.Y.) 15 Dec. 459/1 The hopeful earnestness with which Mr. Norman offers his unit-ofweight system as a panacea for the cure of all financial ills.

(0) spec, one kilowatt-hour, as the unit used in measuring and charging for mains electricity; also, the unit used for metered telephone calls. 1891 Minutes of Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers CVI. 16 Fuel used.. has.. fallen from 12 lbs. to 7 9 lbs. per unit generated. 1926-7 Army ^ Navy Stores Catal. 344/3 Electric radiators... Two bars .. consumes 2 units per hour when full-on. 1961 Which? Dec. 334/1 Local and trunk calls are divided into 2d. ‘units’, the amount of the time you get for your 2d. depending on the distance. 1972 Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 12 May 15/1 Food freezers are inexpensive to run, using about 2 units of electricity for each cubic foot per week.

d. A substance adopted as a standard by which the specific gravity of various bodies is estimated. 1829 Chapters Phys. Sci. 169 As water is taken as the unit for solids and liquids, so is atmospheric air for gases. 1869 Gill Chem. for Sch. xxii. 274 Dalton.. adopted it [rc. hydrogen] as the unit or standard of atomic weight. e.

(See quots. and

UNIT

76

repeat

sb. 4 b.)

1855 R. N. WoRNUM Anal. Ornament 18 Units of repetition, or repeats of irregular shapes, arranged diagonally. Ibid. 19 As it is in this case the group that is repeated, the group of figures becomes the pattern or unit of repetition.

f. unit of account^ a monetary unit in which accounts are kept; spec, in the European Economic Community (see quots. 1977 and 1982). 1882 R. Bithell Counting-House Diet. 311 Unit of Account, the unit of value in which accounts are kept. It may, or may not, coincide with any coin in circulation... The Anglo-Saxon unit of account was the shilling .. but no coin called a shilling was issued before the reign of Henry VII. 1959 A. H. Robertson European Institutions ii. 42 After offsetting these balances (measured in ‘units of account' equivalent to the gold value of the U.S. dollar)

against each other. Members are left with a credit or debit account vis-a-vis the [European Payments] Union. 1973 Physics Bull. Apr. 207/1 The four year allocation for direct research work amounts to 157 2 million units of account (ua, equal to the predevaluation US dollar, le about £65m). 1977 Times 6 Dec. (Europa Suppl.) p. iii/6 Units of account, embryonic Eur^ean currency used as a device for calculating the EEC budget, fixing farm prices and in certain transactions with non-Community countries. The value of the unit of account in national currencies depends on the purpose for which it is being used. 1982 J. Phillips Diet. Trading Terms 67 The unit of account is now equivalent to a group, or ‘basket’ of fixed amounts of European currencies, and is described as a ‘basket unit of account’.

g. A basic measure of educational attainment credited to a student for completing the number of hours of study assigned to one section of an academic course. Cf. credit 13 d. U.S. 1894 UniiK of Chicago Weekly 4 Oct. 4/1 The system of majors and minors, units and flunks, is harder to under¬ stand than any other ‘credit’ method in operation among educational institutions. 1930 A. Flexner Universities il. 47 When a college catalogue states that fifteen units of high school work are required for matriculation, a unit, as defined by the College Entrance Examination Board, represents one year’s study in any one subject in a high school. 1945 C. V. Good Diet. Educ. 436/1 Unit..{f) a basic measure used in calculating the amount of credit to be assigned to any particular course or the number of graduation credits earned by a pupil or student in completing a course..(a) in secondary education, one unit equals approximately 120 hours of classroom or laboratory work in a given subject ..(b) in higher education,.. one unit may equal i hour of class or laboratory work per week during one term, semester, or school year. 1974 Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard 18 Apr. 4-C/3 Their required 18 units of study. 1981 D. Rowntref Diet. Educ. 335 Unit... 3 (US) In high school, one hour in class per day of a subject (for five days a week over the academic year) counts as one course unit of that subject.

h. The standard unit of quantity by which bread and petrol were rationed during and immediately after the war of 1939-45; a coupon of this value. 1939 Punch 18 Oct. 439 (caption), I can’t move on—I’ve used up all my units. 1946 [see B. U. s.v. B III. b]. 1948 Daily Tel. 26 Oct. 5 Nine Hundred Petrol Units were stolen from an office at Swanley, Kent. 1963 S. Cooper in Sissons & French Age of Austerity ii. 41 The Bread Unit represented seven ounces of bread... A large loaf.. would require four Units, one pound of flour three Units.

2. a. A single individual or thing regarded as a member of a group or number of things or individuals, or discriminated from these as having a separate existence; one of the separate parts or members of which a complex whole or aggregate is composed or into which it may be analysed. 1642 H. More Song of Soul ii. i. ii. 55 In number, measure, weight, he all things made; Each unite he dissevers by his Art. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. ii. xii. §6. 74 Which collective Ideas of several Substances thus put together, are as much each of them one single Idea, as that of a Man, or an Unite. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. II. To Rdr. 13 Some few Despicable Unadditionable Units or Unitarians. 1739 Hume Hum. Nat. I. n. ii, ’Tis evident, that existence in itself belongs only to unity, and is never applicable to number, but on account of the unites, of which the number is composed. 1817 Scott Rob Roy xxxi. The unit of that life.. was for ever withdrawn from the sum of human existence. 1856 Merivale Rom. Emp. xl. IV. 459 Our history becomes a review of the affairs of a vast unit, the aggregate of a multitude of smaller members. 1872 H. C. Bastian Begin. Life 1.216 Before a nucleus is evolved.., the simple living unit {plastide) is able to assimilate nutritive material and grow.

b. That division or section of a collective body or whole which is regarded as the lowest or least to have a distinctive existence; such a division or group of individuals considered as a basis of formation or administration. 1847 Grote Greece ii. xxviii. IV. 68 The village is a fraction, but the city is an unit. 1861 Maine Anc. Law v. 126 The unit of ancient society was the Family. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. II. 224 The county remained the practically important unit of local administration, the unit to which the various functions of government were aggregated.

c. In military or naval use. 1876 Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Diet. 446/1 In military organization, the term unit is applied to that single portion upon which any part of an army, regiment, &c. is formed. Thus a company is the unit of a regiment; a battery, that of a brigade of artillery. 1893 Infantry Drill p. xxiii, [A] Battalion [is] the unit of infantry. 1899 Times 14 Oct. 9 A waterproof bag which is left at the base .. on a unit going into action.

d. A group of buildings, wards, etc., in a hospital; spec, one equipped to provide a particular type of health care. 1893 D. Galton Healthy Hospitals xiii. 229 Separation of the ward unit has been the principal feature of modern hospital construction in Germany and. .the United States. 1911 W. OsLER in Lancet 28 Jan. 212/1 There might be, as at Berlin and Vienna, two or three medical and the same number of surgical units. 1927 J. E. Stone Hospital Organization (SI Management xiv. 287 The operating theatre unit is a very important part of a hospital. 1955 R. F. Bridgman Rural Hospital ii. 70 With the rural hospital as a base, mobile health-units may be organized, through which modern medical techniques can be taken to the villages in sparsely populated countries with poor communications. 1965 Nursing Times 5 Feb. p. vi/i (Advt.), Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit.. Regional Thoracic Surgical Unit. 1976 Amer. Speech 1973 XLVIII. 195 The inhalation therapist, for example, supplies hospital floors, or units, with oxygen

masks and in emergencies is summoned to start and operate O2 tents ‘oxygen tents’.

e. A piece of (esp. storage) furniture or equipment which may be fitted with other pieces to form a larger system, or which is itself composed of smaller complementary parts. Freq. attrib. Also transf. (see also unit audio, construction, sense 3 c below). 1912 L. Weaver House & its Equipment 44 The unit system of bookcases, by which they are built up of sections of standard size, and are thus capable of indefinite expansion. 1930 N. Y. Times 10 Aug. v. 14/4 He [re. Franz Schuster] has developed a kind of ‘unit’ furniture. He reduces the shapes of chest and cabinet to their fundamental forms and by standardizing their measurements permits the combination of parts by the manufacturer. 1937 [see kitchen unit s.v. kitchen sb. 5 c]. 1944 J. van Druten Voice of Turtle I. 3 The kitchen has an icebox, stove and sink in a combined unit in the left wall. 1958 Engineering 7 Mar. 320/2 The cooking unit.. is mounted on tem of a storage cupboard with a sliding serving shelf. 1974 Gramophone Nov. 1009 The connoisseur takes pride in choosing separate units. 1978 [see recliner 2]. 1981 M. E. Atkins Palimpsest ix. 92 I’m going to., start with the kitchen. I’ll have units all round, a new sink and cooker.

f. An accommodation unit in a larger building or group of buildings, esp. in a block of flats or a motel. U.S., Austral., and N.Z. 1932 F. L. Wright Autobiogr. 11. 223, I lingered in Los Angeles aided by my son Lloyd working on the new unitblock system. 1937 Tourist Court Jrnl. Oct. biz Being separate units each cottage is assured of ample ventilation .. through the windows on each side. 1953 Hotel Monthly Nov. 27/1 Additional units will be added to the Kahler Ranchotel. 1963 D. B. Hughes Expendable Man ii. 46 No one was waiting for him at the motel. No one stopped him at the door of his unit. 1971 ‘A. Blaisdell’ Practice to Deceive i. 2 She lived in one unit of a triplex. 1973 SunHerald (Sydney) 26 Aug. 103/1 We live in a unit in a delinquency-prone inner area. 1980 ‘D. Shannon’ Felony Files X. 230 It was a pleasant, unpretentious furnished apartment in a six-unit place.

g. = film unit s.v, film sb. 7 c. 1959 E. H. Clements High Tension i. 13 The hectic urgency of everyone else in the unit. 1962 L. Davidson Rose of Tibet i. 26 Location work would have finished in Calcutta and.. the unit would have moved up into the foothills of Everest.

3. attrib., passing into adj., with the general meaning ‘of, pertaining or equivalent to, (that of) a unit; produced or caused by a unit; consisting of, containing, or forming a unit or units’. a. In sense i c, chiefly in Electr., as unit coil, current, force, jar, measure, pole, etc. 1839 Noad Electricity i. 31 A very useful little electrical instrument.. for registering the exact quantity of electricity given to a Leyden phial from the machine; it is called the unit jar. 1842 Brande Diet. Sci., Unit jar.. announce[s] by its repeated discharges, which may be counted, the number of them which have passed into the larger jar. 1844 Noad Electricity (ed. 2) 53 The value of the unit measure. 1866 R. M. Ferguson Electr. 17 A magnetic needle of unit size and strength. 1867 Noad Text Bk. Electricity 201 A circuit of unit resistance. Ibid., The unit current flowing through a conductor unit of length will exert the unit force on the unit pole at the unit distance. 1867 Brande & Cox Diet. Sci., etc. III. Sggli Unit coil,., a standard measure used by electricians for expressing the amount of resistance experienced in a given electrical circuit. 1873 J. C. Maxwell Electr. (^ Magn. II. 3 The unit-pole is a pole which points north, and is such that, when placed at unit distance from another unit-pole, it repels it with unit of force. 1876 P. G. Tait Rec. Adv. Phys. Sci. (ed. 2) xiv. 357 Unit force is., that force which, whatever be its source, produces unit momentum in unit of time. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. Suppl. 913/2 Unit and safety valve, one exposing I square inch to the force of the steam,

b. In general use. 1896 R. G. Moulton Lit. Study Bible xi. 258 These Unit Proverbs exhibit two varieties. 1897 Daily News 9 Feb. 3/4 Was the scheme to be organized on brigade, battalion, or unit lines? Ibid., The unit system of organization. 1898 Engineering Mag. XVI. 104 A plant of a certain size may be run by a unit-body of men. 1898 Sir W. Crookes in Daily News 8 Sept. 6/1 The consumption of wheat per head of the population (unit consumption) was over 6 bushels per annum.

c. Special Combinations, unit audio, a sound reproduction system which comprises separate matching parts; unit cell Cryst., the smallest structural unit having the overall symmetry of a crystal, which by repetition in three dimensions gives the entire lattice; unit character Genetics, a character inherited according to Mendelian laws, esp. one controlled by a single pair of alleles; also, fthe alleles themselves (see quot. 1966); unit construction, modular construction, esp. of buildings (cf. modular a. 1 b); unit cost Accounting, the cost of manufacturing or otherwise processing one unit of production; unit factor Genetics = gene* (cf. factor sb. 7 b); now hist.-, unit-holder, one who holds securities in a unit trust; unit-linked a., of a life assurance policy (see quot. 1979); unit load, a package of goods arranged for shipment, etc., as a single unit (esp. on a pallet) to facilitate handling; unit matrix Math. = identity matrix s.v. identity 10; unit membrane Biol., any lipoprotein membrane composed of two electron-dense layers enclosing a less dense layer, found

UNIT enclosing many cells and cell organelles; unit price, the price at which a single unit of a commodity is sold; unit pricing (see quot. ■970); unit train N. Amer., a train allocated to transport a single commodity (i.e. coal or grain) at special rates between two points; unit trust, an investment group investing combined contributions from many persons in various securities and paying them dividends in proportion to their holdings. 1966 Hi-Ft News Nov. ^92/3 ‘’Unit audio’ is the name given to a new range 01 matching equipment... Two loudspeakers, a tuner-amplifier, an amplifier and a tape recorder. . are available. 1976 Gramophone Nov. 880/1 People without expert knowledge will generally find it easier to buy a ‘unit auclio’ system made up from matching units from the same manufacturer. 19x5 vV. H. & W. I^. Bragg X-Rays & Crystal Structure viii. 116 Only calcium and carbon atoms are shown in their places in the ‘unit cell of the structure. 1930 G. P. Thomson Wave Mech. Free Electrons iii. 40 Each unit cell of a crystal lattice contains the same amount of matter similarly arranged. 1966 C. R. Tottle Set. Engin. Materials iii. 50 In many cases it is convenient to avoid drawing the complete crystal lattice extended over many unit cells, and merely to draw the unit cell itself. 1977 X. Hallam Planet Earth 114 All cr>'stalline substances have lattices built of one of these types of unit cell. 1902 Bateson & Saunders Rep. Evol. Comm. R. Soc. I. 126 The purity of the germ-cells, and their inability to transmit both of the antagonistic characters, is the central fact proved by Mendel’s work. We thus reach the conception of ‘unitcharacters existing in antagonistic pairs. Such characters we ropose to call allelomorphs. 1903 Biometrika II. 286 lendel was the first to systematically analyse the differential characters of a race or species into a series of unit-characters, each of which might.. be inherited independently of the others. 1915 T. H. Morgan et al. Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity ix. 210 So much misunderstanding has arisen amongst geneticists themselves through the careless use of the term ‘unit character’ that the term deserves the disrepute into which it is falling. 1945 M. F. Glaessner Princ. Micropalaeontol. v. 79 The numerical values of morphological features (unit characters) plotted against numbers of specimens in which the progressive values occur, tend to arrange themselves in a regular curve. 1966 E. A. Carlson Gene ii. 13 The unitcharacter [of Bateson] combined the ‘differentiating character used by Mendel with the ‘formative element’ which he assumed to represent it in the germ cell. 1921 Conquest May 291/2 Houses built on the ‘‘Unit’ construction system... The concrete blocks are made of a standard size, the dimensions of windows and door openings being made multiples of the block size. 1959 Motor Manual (ed. 36) V. 3 The body now forms the main structure of the car... This form of construction is now known by a variety of names, including ‘integral construction’, ‘unit construction’ and ‘chassisless construction’. 1964 McCall's Sewing ii. 33/1 Unit construction, organisation of sewing procedure so that an entire garment section is completed before it is joined to another. 1914 E. H. Jones Unit Construction Costs from New Smelter 1498 These ‘unit costs .. represent delays in material shipments .., delayed plans, .. labor troubles, [etc.]. 1962 Listener 17 May 835/1 Wages and unit costs rise faster than ever. 1978 J. Kellock Elements of Accounting iii. 66 The stock valuation.. is calculated by taking a physical stock count of the stock on hand at the end of the period and multiplying each item by the appropriate unit of cost... Unit cost is the cost of purchasing or manufacturing identifiable units of stock. 1911 ‘Unit factor [see gene’]. 1926 J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. 9 Inheritance takes place by means of separable units, generally known as unit-factors or genes. 1966 E. A. Carlson Gene iv. 26 When unit-character was changed to unit-factor’ or to ‘factor’ alone, Castle no longer dissociated the transmitting agent from its effect on a character. 1965 M. Naylor Your Money 87 One great advantage of unit trusts is that ‘unit-holders can buy or sell at any time, and

fet the ‘true’ value of their investment.

19^ Daily Tel. 8 eb. 6/3 A unit trust management pays capital gains tax at 30 p.c. for either long- or short-term gains, irrespective of the tax position of the individual unitholder. 1969 Times 30 Apr. 28/3 Nearly every time we open the paper we read of the attractions of Unit Trusts and ‘Unit-linked life assurance policies. 1979 F. E. Perry Diet. Banking 258/2 Unit-linked policy, a type of life assurance policy where a part of the premium is invested on behalf ot the assured in a unit trust. 1939 Steel 12 June 54/1 {caption) ‘Unit load of four edgewise-wound copper coils on pallet handled by fork truck. 1945 H- L. Be.mtie Unit Load Materials Handling I. 9 Once the unit load is established for a material, there is ever>- reason to expect that this unit load may be standardized. 1970 Times 2 June (Container Suppl.) p. i/i The British Transport Docks Board has a nationwide network of nine well equipped ports, providing some of the most advanced facilities for unit-load handling. 1862 ‘Unitmatrix [see premultiplication]. 1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xxxxw. %o'j The product of a matrix and its inverse is the unit matrix, denoted by I. 1959 J. D. Robertson in E. M. Crook Structure ^ Function Subcellular Components (Biochem. Soc. Symposium XVI) 33 Perhaps the gap substance or the character of the ‘unit membrane surfaces here is different. 1970 Ambrose & Easty Cell Biol. v. 173 The chloroplast. like all plastids, is bounded by a double unit membrane. 1934 Webster,‘Unit price. 1953 [see field sb. I5f]. 1977 P. Way Super-Celeste i. 45 Whoever sold a lane here would sell it to NATO through the 1990s. Sell ere and the unit price would come down. 1970 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 June 40/4 \Ir. .Alldredge.. told the meeting that ‘•unit pricing’, or the marking of all packaged commodities with the price per unit weight, ‘would be frighteningly expensive . 1971 Guardian 3 June 2/6 Unit pricing, a new system under which large supermarkets have to indicate the cost of food items by measure, completed its first day here [xr. in New York]. 1^7 Times Ret . Industry Apr. 47/2 'Unit trains working on the principles now applied in the Great Lakes coal trade would discharge coal through ground hoppers without uncoupling. 1979 Sci. Amer. Jan. 29/1 {caption) Coal-carrying ‘unit’ trains have been developed to move coal expeditiously at low cost, usually between one mine and one customer, which is most often an electric

77

UNITARIANISM

utility. The trains shuttle back and forth without being uncoupled, acting much like a conveyor belt. 1936 Economist 18 Apr. 135/2 Three new trusts with different degrees of flexibility have recently appeared, which extend the activities of the ‘unit trust movement into new- fields. 1958 Spectator 18 July 108/1 All unit trusts have this much m common: investments.. are deposited with a bank or insurance company, acting as trustee, who issues participation certificates (called units) in exchange. 1980 Times 5 Jan. 18 Most of the unit trusts managed not to lose too much money for unit holders last year.

4. As adj. Having the distinct or individual existence of a unit; individual. 1870 J. H. Newman Gram. Assent i. i. 7 All things in the exterior world are unit and individual;.. the mind contemplates these unit realities as they exist, o 1881 A. Barratt Phys. Metempiric (1883) 115 If the unit minds were parts or modes of this absolute mind.

unit, variant of unite sb. unitable Giii'nait3b(3)l), a. [f. unit-e v. + -ABLE.] That can be united; capable of union. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. (1662) 151 The Plantal faculty of the Soul whereby she is unitable to this terrestrial body. 1659 - Immort. Soul in. xiv. 481 That Order of irnmaterial Creatures which we call Souls, vitally unitable with the Matter. 1678 CuDwoRTH Intell. Syst. 565 Such Beings or Spirits Incorooreal.. are Vitally Unitable to Bodies. 1707 Vulpone 22 The Offer of the Scots to Unite the Nations in such things as they are Unitable. 1854 Owen in Orr s Circ. Sci., Org. Nat. I, 166 When fractured, the broken parts .. are not unitable .. from within.

Hence unita'bility. 1863 tr. Dorner's Person of Christ unitability of the divine and human.

III.

280 The real

tu|nitage. Obs.-'^ [f. as prec. + -age.] The action of uniting; union. 1641 Dial. Rattlehead St Roundh. 4 You can find no means to conjoyn an vnity? Rattleh. Only perversnesse in the vnitage of your circular opinions.

unital Cjuinitsl), a. [f. unit or unit-y -h -al'.] That unites; causing or producing unity or union; of the nature of a unit; unitary. i860 W. J. C. Muir Pagan or Chr. 82 The nave grandly predominates over the aisles, without there being any unital element common to both. 1882 J. B. Stallo Concepts fef The. Mod. Physics 20 In nature there is a great unital, continuous and everlasting process of development. 1894 Forum March 34 To give to each one-tenth of its capital stock.. a single director, is open to the objection that it prevents unital control.

unitard ('jurnitaid). orig. U.S. Also Unitard, unitards. [f. uni- -I- leo)tard.] A tight-fitting one-piece garment of stretchable fabric which covers the body from neck to feet, worn by gymnasts, dancers, and as a fashion garment. (Formerly a proprietary name in the U.S.) Cf. cat-suit s.v. CAT sb.' 18. 1961 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 5 Dec. T.M15/1 Danskin Inc., New York... Unitard. For one piece form¬ fitting integral neck-to-ankle.. garment, with sleeves, for gymnastics, and dance use. 1978 Newsuieek 13 Feb. 68/3 Danskin now offers 75 styles for men, women and children, including., a one-piece neck-to-toe ‘Unitard’. 1978 Washington Post s i Dec. b8/2 Stan Fowler.. had cut, dyed and sewn together the pieces of his 'milliskin unitard’ to get the Spiderman look of bright blue and red from head to toe. 1979 N.Y. Times 2 Feb. ci6 One woman, dressed in unitards and a wide gold sash, bounces dull-eyed in the center of the rooms. 1984 Times 14 Feb. 9/2 Unitards—onepiece suits with built-in leg interest like stripey panels at the calf.

Unitarian (juini'tesrian), sb. and a. [Partly, in theol. use, f. mod.L. unitari-us {1656: f. L. unitds unity) -I- -AN, partly f. unit-y sb. + -arian. So F. unitarien a. and sb. Cf. unitary a.] A. sb. 1. Theol. a. One who affirms the unipersonality of the Godhead, especially as opposed to an orthodox Trinitarian; spec, a member or adherent of a Christian religious body or sect holding this doctrine. 1687 [? S. Nye] Brief Hist. Unitarians 109 The Polonian Unitarians were.. aealous .., the Unitarians of Transylvania were more moderate. Ibid. 117 The Unitarians, vulgarly called Socinians. 1697 Stillingfl. Disc. Trinity 22 Our Vnitarians own the Ebionites as their Predecessors. 1705 T. Emlyn Vind. Worship Christ iji Mr. B. flatters himself upon this head, as tho he had quite baffled the Cause of the Unitarians. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. I. 8 Eusebius [had] prejudice against the Unitarians of his own time. 1787 Hawkins Life Johnson (ed. 2) 233 In his religious principles he [Dr. E. Barker] professed himself an Unitarian. 1813 J. Adams Whs. (1856) X. 50 The dissenters of all denominations in England, and, especially, the Unitarians, are cowed. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 279 The Unitarians, the religious body with which I am best acquainted. 1889 Ch. Q. Ret'. April 35 We may roughly state these three conceptions [of Christianity] as (i) the Unitarian, which conceives of Christ as an exhalted human teacher merely; (2) the Protestant,.. (3) the Catholic.

b. In wider use, as applied to any nonChristian monotheist, esp. a Muslim. 1708 OcKLEY Saracens 227 Abu Obeidah sent Abdo’Ilah Ebn Kort with an Express to Omar.. begging his Prayers and some fresh Recruits of Vnitarians (a Title they glory in, reckoning themselves the only Asserters of the Unity of the Deity). 1788 Gibbon Decl. & F. lix. VI. 105 His preachers .. called aloud on the Unitarians, manfully to stand up against the Christian idolaters. 1819 ^ - J- Fox Lect. iv. V\ ks. 1865 I. 211 Five different classes of Unitarians, who arc out of the pale of Christianity. 1909 G. K. Chesterton

Orthodoxy viii. 249 T he real Unitarians who with scimitar in hand have laid waste the world. 2. One who believes in or favours some theory

or system based upon unity: quot. and monist). rare.

a. Philos.

(See

1836-7 Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xvi. (1859) 1. 295 The Realists or Substantialists are again divided into Dualists, and into Unitarians or Monists, according as they are, or are not, contented with the testimony of consciousness to the ultimate duplicity of subject and object in perception. b. In miscellaneous uses. 1847 Emerson Poems, Blight 27 The old men studied magic in the flower.. And an omnipotence in chemistry. Preferring things to names, for these were men. Were Unitarians of the united world. 1865 Mansfield Salts 254 .A compound, which even by the Unitarians, must be called a double salt. 1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 572 In this toxinantitoxin discussion there has been a tendency to ascribe to us the position of 'Unitarians’ in contradistinction to the ‘pluralists’.

c. An advocate of national or political unity; one who supports the union of several states into one confederation under a central government. 1832 Ann. Reg. i8ji Hist. xv. 464/2 The Unitarians were dispossessed of the government of that province [rr. Entrerios, Argentina], and the preponderance of Buenos Ayres restored. 1862 Times 9 April, Garibaldi.. said all great Italians had been Unitarians. 1865 Cornh. Mag. .Aug. 249 As a Unitarian and partisan of centralization he hurled anathemas at all autonomous cities and provinces. 1882-3 in Schaffi's Encycl. Relig. Knotvl. HI. 2422/2 There is also a political party in Buenos Ayres.. devoted to centralization in government, called Unitarians.

d. A critic who ascribes the Iliad and the Odyssey to the same author. Opp. separatist sb. I f. Cf. CHORIZONTES sb. pi. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Mar. 138/4 Any Unitarian must depend very largely on demonstrating some recognizable pattern or design in the Homeric poems as evidence of single authorship. 1976 [see separatist sb. 11],

B. adj. 1. Theol. a. Of or pertaining to, connected with, the Unitarians or their doctrines; of the nature of, characteristic of, Unitarianism. 1687 [? S. Nye] Brief Hist. Unitarians 36 The Unitarian Doctrine has been reduced so low by the Persecutions of Rorne [etc.]. 1691 W. Nicholls Ansa. Naked Gospel loi Whilst Faustus kept close in Italy, the Unitarian Cause was carried on by others. 1705 Emlyn (tit/c). Vindication of the Worship of the Lord Jesus Christ on Unitarian Principles. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. i. 8 What could this be but the proper Unitarian doctrine? 1819 M. Stuart Lett, to W. E. Channing 144 The younger preachers of Unitarian sentiments. 1824 Longf. in Life (1891) I. v. 52 Our little Unitarian Society at Bowdoin. 1889 Ch. Q. Res\ April 35 The Unitarian conception of our Lord's Person and Office. b. Of persons: Accepting, professing, or

advocating the doctrines belonging to a religious Unitarians.

of Unitarianism; body or sect of

1691 W. Nicholls Ansa. Naked Gospel 96 The most remarkable of this sort of Unitarian Hereticks. ? 1765 [W. Hopkins] Attempt (title-p.), A Friendly Dialogue between a common LInitarian Christian and an Athanasian. 1793 Kippis Biog. Brit. (ed. 2) V. 596 Dr. Bennet.. laid himself open to the strictures both of Trinitarian and Unitarian Divines. 1815 W. J. Fox Serm. 38 The general character of Unitarian professors and converts. 1876 Fox Bourne Locke II. xii. 240 Thomas Firmin.. the excellent Unitarian merchant.

c. In wider use (see A. i b). 1780 Wesley Hymn, *Sun of unclouded righteousness* iii. Stretch out thy arm, thou triune God, The Unitarian fiend expel. And chase his doctrine back to hell.

2. Of or pertaining to, involving, based or founded upon, characterized by, unity (in various senses); unitary: a. Philos. Monistic. rare. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xxiii. (1859) H. 78 He would.. be forced to admit one or other of the Unitarian conclusions of materialism or idealism. b. Of systems, theories, etc. 1845 Lowell Lett. (1894) 1. 102 My system is fully as Unitarian as your own. 1875 Encycl. Brit. 1. 460/2 These two theories, the one dualistic, the other Unitarian, strangely foreshadow the discoveries of modern dynamics. 1893 tgth Aug. 249 L'nder the Unitarian system we no longer divide the molecule.

c. Advocating, promoting, or directed towards national unity, union, or centralization in government or administration. 1865 Morn. Star 10 Feb., The King of Unitarian Italy. 1877 Academy 10 Nov. i/i The Unitarian movement of twenty years later differed.. from the revolution which enthroned the triumvirate at Rome.

d. Applied to the theory that the Iliad and the Odyssey are the work of a single person. Cf. Homeric question s.v. Homeric a., and sense A. 2 d above. 1865 M. Pattison in North British Rev. June 277 Even on the more special question of the origin of the Homeric poems,. we may safely say that no scholar will again find himself able to embrace the Unitarian hypothesis.

Unitarianism Gu:ni'te3n3niz(3)m). [f. prec. + -ISM. So F. unitarianisme.] 1. Theol. Belief in or affirmation of the unity of God; esp. the tenets, principles, or views of the Unitarians; Unitarian doctrine or beliefs. 1698 F. B. Modest Censure 22 The .Missionary Fathers have not more ways.. of gaining Converts in China,.. than these men have of winning over people to Unitarianism.

UNITARIANIZE 1792 (title), Reasons for Unitarianism; or the Primitive Christian Doctrine... By a Welsh Freeholder. 1815 W. J. Fox Serm. 39 The success of Unitarianism speaks in its favour. 1874 Huxley in Set. & Cult. (1881) 94 That hypothesis respecting the Divine nature which is termed Unitarianism by its friends and Socinianism by its foes. 1876 Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. June 17 Considerable changes seem to have taken place in the scheme of Unitarianism. transf. 1823 COLERIDGE Table-t. i Jan., The Turks have no church; religion and state are one; hence there is.. no mutual support. This is the very essence of their Unitarianism.

2. a. Philos. = MONISM I. b. Any Unitarian or unitary system or theory. 1891- in recent Diets.

Uni'tarianize, v. [f. as prec. + -IZE.] a. trans. To make Unitarian, b. intr. To become Unitarian; to adopt Unitarianism. Hence Uni'tarianized ppl. a. 1846 Worcester (citing Ec. Rev.). 1893 J. Martineau in Life (1902) II. 191 For its support it depends on a people long Unitarianised.

'unitarist. [f. unitar-y + -isx.] An advocate of a unitary system of government; spec, a supporter of the unity of Italy. Also, in recent use (1910), unitaristn. 1862 Parthenon 26 July 398 Was Cavour, up to the time of the treaty of Villafranca, ‘Unitarist’ or Federalist? 1882 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 465 The Constitutional Monarchists of Italy are naturally Unitarists.

unitary ('juinitsri), a. [f. unit sb. or unit-y^ + -ARY^ Cf. F. unitaire sb. and a., It. unitario sb., f. mod.L. unitari-us Unitarian.] 1. Crystallography. (See quot.) 1816 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 2) 211 A crystal is named Unitary, when it experiences only a single decrement by one row.

2. a. Of or pertaining to, characterized by, based upon, or directed towards, unity. 1847 Tait's Mag. XIV. 560 The parcelled and the associative systems... With the latter the economies of unitary habitation.. might be obtained. 1871 Lowell Study Wind. (1886) 221 The national and unitary tendencies of the people. 1893 Contemp. Rev. 799 The unitary movement in the latter country [5c. Italy].

b. Philos. Of or pertaining to, proceeding from, involving, unity of being or existence. Also absol. 01842 Channing Perfect Life (1888) 64 Man loves the Universal, the Unchangeable, the Unitary. 1885 J. Martineau Types Eth. Th. I. 86 Every attempt at unitary deduction of a universe by predicamental logic. 1893 C. B. Upton Bases Relig. Belief zgS A unity of substance which .. connects every part with the unitary life of the whole.

3. a. Of the nature of a unit; having the separate existence or individual character of a unit. Of sounds: Simple, uncompounded. 1861 Lowell E Pluribus Unum Pr. Wks. 1890 V. 49 The United States are not a German Confederation, but a unitary and indivisible nation. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. iv. 56 We have altered their original unitary sounds. 1881 Huxley in Nature XXIV. 345 An indivisible unitary archasus dominating .. the parts of the organism. 1865 J. Grote Explor. Philos, i. 88 Whether.. we are to be considered as having a locally distributable, or on the other hand concentrated and unitary, feeling self. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 379/1 Indirect proofs of a universe of pure and unitary Being, a 1901 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality (1903) I. p. xxvi. Each man is at once profoundly unitary and almost infinitely composite.

a

unit

of measurement

used to relate the properties of different sub¬ atomic particles. 1908 H. Hilton Introd. Theory Grouts Finite Order'\\\. i6 The substitution A is called .. unitary if AA' = i. 1935 P. A. M. Dirac Princ. Quantum Mech. (ed. 2) v. 111 We can now see that a unitary transformation transforms observables into observables. 1937 Physical Rev. LI. 109/2 The representations of the four-dimensional unitary group will characterize the multiplet systems. 1941 Birkhoff & MacLane Survey Mod. Algebra ix. 255 One may adopt the properties of linearity, skew-symmetry, and positiveness as the postulates for an inner product., in an abstract vector space over the complex numbers; the space is then called a unitary space. Ibid., A linear transformation T of the space is unitary if it preserves lengths |^T| = |^l. 1961 M. GellMann in Gell-Mann & Ne’eman Eightfold Way (1964) i. 12 We attempt.. to treat the eight known baryons as a supermultiplet, degenerate in the limit of a certain symmetry but split into isotopic spin multiplets by a symmetry-breaking term... The symmetry is called unitary symmetry and corresponds to the ‘unitary group’ in three dimensions in the same way that charge independence corresponds to the ‘unitary group’ in two dimensions. 1969 [see Lie]. 1975 Physics Bull. Apr. 176/2 Strong interactions among nucleons are invariant under a group of unitary symmetry transformation which changes protons into neutrons and vice versa—the group SU(2). 1979 Cheng & O’Neill Elementary Particle Physics xiii. 275 The mathematical groups on which elementary particle physicists have concentrated most of their attention are.. continuous groups described by matrices U that are unitary: U-\U = I. ,

5. Forming a unit with something. 1868 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. Wks. 1890 III. 26 [Shakespeare] seems in some strange way unitary with human nature itself.

6. Special collocations: unitary taxation (U.S.), a system of taxation by which a company or business is taxed on a proportion of its worldwide earnings, and not just on those made within the jurisdiction of the taxation authority (i.e. a State government); also unitary tax. 1977 Washington Post 14 Aug. A8/4 Brown is moving to alleviate concerns of multinational companies over the state’s ‘unitary tax’. 1979 Economist 7 July 91/2 Unitary taxation (purists call it combined or consolidated income reporting).. hits a company not on profits made in a given state but on a percentage of the parent’s total (multi-state or world-wide) income. 1984 Miami Herald 6 Apr. 22A/3 When the governor crawfishes out of his ill-advised unitary tax (his great tax-reform promise), the greedy ones might try to increase property taxes again.

Hence 'unitarily adv.y in a unitary manner; 'unitariness, uni'tarity, the property of being unitary. 1865 J. Grote Moral Ideals (i^’jt) 27 [Must not] the plant .. have.. a sort of feeling to the extent of its unitariness of organization? 1924 N.E.D. s.v. Unitary a., Unitarily. 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Math. LIV. 149 Similar unitary matrices are .. always unitarily equivalent. 1959 Nuovo Cimento XIII. 354 The unitarity of the 5-matrix implies that it can be written in terms of a hermitian matrix A in the form 5 = [etc.]. 1969 Nature 24 May 720/1 SU2 and SU3..are simple unitary symmetries in which the unitarity ensures that a set of possibilities has unit probability. 1979 J. C. Polkinghorne Particle Play vi. 88 S-matrix theory played a valuable role in highlighting certain general properties (unitarity, crossing, analyticity) which are important aspects of relativistic quantum mechanics.

unite ('juinait, jui'nait), sb. Numism. Also unit,

b. Philos. Of being or personality.

c. Serving as calculation.

UNITE

78

or

1889 Sci. Amer. LX. 304/1 A wind pressure of 1,200 pounds for the same unitary distance is allowed for.

4. a. Of or pertaining to a unit or units; esp. in Chem., and spec, as denominating a theory or system in which the molecules of all bodies are regarded as units. 1865 Mansfield Salts 137 The unitary theory of the substitution of the two halves of the hydrogen of water. 1867 Bloxam Chem. Index 675 Unitary definitions, 256. 1880 Clemenshaw Wurtz' Atomic Theory 84 This was at that time—perhaps improperly—called the unitary system.

b. Of an alphabet, etc.: Consisting or composed of single letters or symbols for each sound. 1874 Ellis Eng. Pronunciation iv. 1338 His 'unitary’ arrangement. Ibid. 1339 Professor Whitney's Unitary Alphabet.

c. Arith. A modification of the ‘rule of three,’ by which, the value, extent, etc., of one unit being first determined, that of any number is found by multiplication. 1877 J. Hamblin Smith Arithmetic 164 The Unitary Method .. is rapidly displacing the Rule of "Three. 1908 Hall & Stevens School Arith. 135 The process is known as Reduction to the Unit, or the Unitary Method.

d. Math, and Physics. Applied to math¬ ematical entities that in some specific way are described by or related to a unitary matrix, one which when multiplied by the transpose of its complex conjugate gives the unit matrix; unitary group, the group of all square unitary matrices of a given size; unitary symmetry, the symmetry of a unimodular unitary group as

[f. pa. pple. of UNITE V. Cf. UNITY^. Named in allusion to the Union of the Crowns under James I, coins of the original issue bearing on the obverse the inscription Faciam eos ingentem unam (Ezek. xxxvii. 22). The /3-form is prob. due to asimilation with unit. s6.]

An English gold coin first issued by James I in 1604, originally current at the value of 20 shillings, and raised in 1611 to 22 shillings. Cf. BROAD sb. 4, BROAD-PIECE, and JaCOBUS. Different issues of this coin were denominated the laurel (laurel sb. 4) and the sceptre (sceptre sb. 3) after the distinguishing feature of each, and these terms were also used attrib. with unite. a. 1604 Proclam. Coynes 16 Nov., One piece of Gold of the value of Twentie shillings sterling, to be called The Vnite, stamped on the one side with our Picture formerly vsed, with this Stile [etc.]. i6n Proclam. Alteration Prices of Gold 23 Nov., The piece of Gold called the Vnite [to be current] at xxij.s. 1612 R. Ricart Maire of Bristowe's Kal. (Camden) 65 In which purse were 100 vnites of gould, amountinge to the summe of no*'. 1726 S. M. Leake Nummi Brit. Hist. 90 A Pound weight of Crown Gold 22 Carracts fine, and two Carracts Allay into 411, by Tale, to wit, into Unites at 20s. *763 [see BROAD sb. 4]. 1898 Gertr. B. Rawlings Story Brit. Coinage 77 A triple unite was also coined, but at the Oxford mint only. 1736 Folkes Gold Coins 6, 2 Ja. i. Sovereign or Units, vulgarly called Scepters. 1853 Humphreys Coin-Coil. Man. 11. 471 The principal gold coins in the early part of the reign [of Charles I] were—the unit, or broad-piece (20 shillings), with its half and quarter.

fb. As the name proposed for certain silver coins (see quots.). Obs. 1691 Locke Lower. Interest Wks. 1714 II. 79 He proposes that his Silver Vnite.. should go for 75 Pence. 1695 Lowndes Rep. Ess. Amend. Silver Coins 62 One Piece which may be called the Sceptre or the Silver-Unite.

funite^ pa. pple. and ppl. a. Obs. [ad. late L. unit-us (whence also It. unito, Sp. and Pg. unido, F. uni), pa. pple. of L. unite: see the vb.] Combined or formed into one; conjoint, united. (Latterly Sc.) 1422 Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 143 By lewte and trowthe and feyth the Pepill byth vnyette [sic], Citteis fulfillid, and

mayntenyd lordshuppis. 1460 Rolls of Parlt. V. 381/2 Londes and Tenementes.. that were unyte or annexed to the same Duchie. 1542 Hen. VIII Declar. Scots in Compl. Scot. 199 Two or mo of one astate might be rulers in one countrie vnite as this Isle is. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. IV, 2 By the whiche manage.. the redde Rose was vnite and joyned with the white Rose. 1605 Play ofStucley 1508 in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 219 That Spain and Portingale shall be unite. 1647 H. More Song of Soul 11. App. Ixxxiii, A cluster of small starres unite These Meteors some do deem. 1693 Stair Inst. ii. ii. § 18. 201 When Lands are rightly Unite or Erected in Barronies. 1721 Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 595 The body of the ministers are joint and unite.

b. In attributive use. 1613 Heywood Silver Age iii. i, My charm, Which gods and devils gave unite consent To be infract. 1632 Lithgow Trav. iv. 133 [He] reduced all the Empire of Greece, to a vnite tranquilitie. 1675 R. Fleming Short Acc. Doctr. Rom. Ch. 2 A continual visibility of the Church, as an unite body.

unite (jui'nait), v. Also 5-6 unyte. [f. unit-, ppl. stem of post-Aug. L. unire, to join together, make one, f. unus one. Cf. une t;., uny t;.] 1. trans. To combine or join (one or more things) to or with another or others, to bring or put together (separate or divided things), so as to form one connected or contiguous whole; to form or incorporate into one body or mass; to make or cause to be one: a. In non-physical connexion or union. In early examples used as pa. t. and pa. pple. active without final -d\ cf. prec. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) VI. 289 Egberte prevaylynge in that batelle, unyte to his realme the realmes of the marches. 1513 Douglas JEneis x. Prol. 26 Set our natur God hes to hym vnyte. 1560 Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 16 That he take no counsel to vnite Thempire to his house and posteritie. c 1630 Milton At a Solemn Music 27 Till God ere long To his celestial consort us unite, To live with him. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. ii. xix. 96 Where the publique and private interest are most closely united. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. General, By retaining only those Qualities, and uniting them into one Idea, they have another, more general Idea. 1781 Gibbon Decl. ^ F. xxviii. III. 73 A wealthy and noble senator, who united the sacred characters of pontiff and augur, with the civil dignities of proconsul of Africa. 1825 Scott Betrothed xix. Before the fianfailles had united his troth with that of Eveline Berenger. 1839 Murchison Silur. Syst. i. xxvi. 333, I attribute the discrepancy to my having united observations made on both flanks of the river. 1882 Mrs. Pitman Mission L. Greece ^ Pal. 174 The strongest wish of the Cretans is that they should be united to Greece. absol. 1713 Blackmore Creation vii. 273 The mind .. does distinguish here, and there unite. refi. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi, xviii, Here our story unites itself with that part of the narrative which [etc.].

b. In physical connexion or union. In quot. 1602 in figurative context. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. i. 222 Our Peace will (like a broken Limbe vnited) (jrow stronger. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. v. i, Be gratious, observation, to our sceane. For now the plot unites his scattred limbes. a 1700 Evelyn Diary 23 May 1645, The whole Chapell.. and roofe are full of precious stones united with the mouldings. 1738 Gray Tasso 61 The parent sun’s warm powers .. In one rich mass unite the precious store. 1788 Sir J. Reynolds Disc. (1789) 22 Much smoothness, and uniting the colours, is apt to produce heaviness. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 46 A salt which crystallizes in small needles united together. 1846 Brittan tr. Malgaigne's Man. Oper. Surg. 244 Sanson made his incision.., and united the wound from before backwards. 1867 Pitt-Rivers Evol. Culture (1906) 67 A.. breast-piece of armour.. composed of seals’ teeth, set like scales, and united with string. refi. 1788 Lempriere Classical Diet. s.v. Cselus, Saturn.. deprived his father of the organs of generation, as he was going to unite himself to Terra.

c. To combine or amalgamate into one body; to bring together or consolidate (an army). 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, iv. i. 164 Vnite Your Troopes of horsemen, with his Bands of foote. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. 69 The English and French, with forces and mindes vnited, sayled ouer into Africa. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. viii. § 153 All those forces.. being united with Manchester. Ibid., The King.. not believing that the enemy could be so soon united. 1802 James Milit. Diet. s.v. Battle, You should unite all your force, examine the advantage of the ground [etc.]. 1840 Thirlwall Greece VII. 369 [I^ the forces of Greece.. had been united and well directed.

d. To join or clasp (hands), marriage ceremony. (Cf. zb.)

esp.

in the

1602 Shaks. Ham. iii. ii. 170 Since..Hymen did our hands Vnite comutuall, in most sacred Bands. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam v. xlviii, Now unite Thine hand with mine. 1820 Scott Monast. xxxvii, A house of the village, where next day their hands were united by the Protestant preacher.

e. Horsem. To cause (a horse) to move with the hind- and fore-quarters in union or agreement. (Cf. 5d, union sb.' zc, and F. unir.) 1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsem. 110 To unite a horse at a walk, the rider will press his legs against the sides of the animal, and, carrying back the forces of the forehand, prevent an increase of the speed by a corresponding operation of the hand.

2. To make one in feeling or thought; to cause to agree; to combine or join (persons) together in action or interest, or for some special purpose. *547 J- Harrison Exhort. Scottes hivb. Remember (I besech you ..) how that by this calling of vs into this vnitie, ..he woulde also vnite & ioyne vs in one religion. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Vnitas, In vnitatem venire, Plin., to be vnited:.. to be no more at variance. 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, I. i. 23 If Simpathy of Loue vnite our thoughts. 1599 [see i c]. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. viii. §84 A general who

UNITED

79

miRht unite all those northern counties in his service. 1649 Stcholas Papers (Camden) 155 The meanes to unite the heartes of all the sober Royalysts. 1709 Prideaux Lett. (Camden) 202 His interest with the northern protestants may be of great use to unite them with the Church of England. 1791 Cowper Odyss. xxiv. 567 Let mutual amity .. L nitc them, and let wealth and peace abound. 1817 Shelley Ret'. Islam xii. xxiii. ^'he fond and long embrace which did their hearts unite. 1857 Buckle Civiliz. I. xii. 661 Men of all tastes .. were on this point united as by a common bond. reft. 1594 I looKER Eccl. Pol. i. x. § i I'his was the cause of mens vniting themselues at the first in politique societies. 1648 Milton Ps. Ixxxiii. 19 Themselves against thee they unite And in firm union bind. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v, Prox'ince, Provinces .. that made a firm Alliance... by which they united themselves, so as never to be divided. b. To

join (persons) in marriage. Also refl.

1728 Chambers Cycl., Marriage, a .. Contract, by which a Man is join’d and united to a Woman. 1871 R. Ellis tr. C atullus Ixiv. 21 Then did a father agree Peleus with Thetis unite him. 1882 Miss Braddon Mt. Royal II. vi. 119 She wants to see the two people she loves best on earth united.

3. (Df persons (or things): To have, possess, or exhibit (qualities, etc.) in union or combination; to combine (features usually regarded as distinct). 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.~Pierre"s Stud. Nat. I. 52 We shall seek that [specific character] of each plant., in it’s grain, which, as being the principle, must unite every thing proper for it’s expansion. 1798 Ferriar Illustr. Sterne, etc. ii. 38 A specimen of D’Aubigne’s style, which unites the severe and the ludicrous. 1824 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. H. 11 i/i Uniting in himself all the vices of.. a Barbary despot. 1864 Bryce Iloly Rom. Emp. xVx. (1875) 195 The Emperor.. was also the East Frankish King, uniting in himself, to use the legal phrase, two wholly distinct ‘persons’. 1871 Freeman Norm. Conq. xviii. IV. 143 The sons of Ealdgyth united the blood of the two greatest houses in England.

4. tntr.

Of persons, personifications, states, etc.: To enter into association, alliance, combination, or union; to join together or with others for some common purpose; to combine in some action or to do something; to act in concert or agreement. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, in. ii. i If you will now vnite in your Complaints,.. the Cardinal! Cannot stand vnder them. 1670 Clarendon Hist. Reb. xiii. §58 The Presbyterians of Lancashire.. nobody imagined to be.. unwilling to unite and join with the royal party. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones viii. xiv, All united at last, to drive out that king. 1787 Washington Lett. WVit. 1891 XL 183 Is it best for the States to unite or not to unite? 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr tr. Ranke’s Hist. Servia 22 Now it was necessary that all should unite in direct conflict against a common enemy. 1890 Retrospect Med. CII. 343 Teachers and text-books have all united in impressing upon us the necessity of the greatest care in handling tar. b. Of hearts or minds: To become one in feeling or sentiment, poet, or rhet. 1766 Fordyce Serm. Worn. (1767) II. x. loi With mind only can mind unite. 1781 Cowper Ep. Lady Austen 32 When minds, that never met before. Shall meet, unite, and part no more. 18x7 Shelley Ret’. Islam vi. xxxix. Few were the living hearts which could unite Like ours.

c. To join in marriage with another. *755 Johnson, To Join, v.n.,.. to unite with in marriage. 1866-7 Baring-Gould Curious Myths (1872) 216 A man .. unites with a woman of the underground race.

5. To form one material whole or body; to become one; to be joined together, or to or with others; to combine physically; to coalesce; spec. in Chem.y to combine by chemical affinity or attraction. 1667 Milton P.L. xii. 382 From my Loynes Thou shalt proceed, and from thy Womb the Son Of God most High; So God with man unites. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxiii. §26 Let but a sharp cold come, and they unite, they consolidate, these little atoms cohere. 1716 Pope Iliad v. 375 Where to the hip the inserted thigh unites. 1794 R. P. Knight Landscape i. 194 To lead.. the prying sight To where component parts may best unite. 1826 S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 292 When not too severely contused, they will be found to live and unite to the surrounding parts. *835 J- Duncan Beetles (Nat. Lib.) 213 There are two broad stripes..on each wing-case, which unite behind. 1871 A. Meadows Man. Midwifery (ed. 2) ^4 The tubes., sometimes remaining throughout single, but at other times dividing and uniting again. (6) 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 303 They form together a triple salt,.. which proves that they exercise a reciprocal attraction, in virtue of which they unite. 1807 T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 103 In this way it [water] unites to lime. 1867 Bloxam Chem. i Chemical attraction is the force which causes different kinds of matter to unite, in order to form a new kind of matter. b. Of naval or military forces, etc.: To form one combined or conjoint body. 0x700 Evelyn Diary 5 May 1692, The Eastern wind so constantly blowing, gave our fleete time to unite. 1748 Anson's Voy. \. vii. 75 The time drew near, when the squadron would be separated never to unite again.

c. Of immaterial things or in non-physical connexion. *795 in Cruise Digest (1818) III. 228 7*heir heirship is umtas juris the whole body of the coheirs, however numerous, must unite to constitute the heir. 1809 Coleridge Friend 142 The nature of the Earth and the nature of the Mind unite to make the contrary’ impossible. 1822 Byron Vis. Judgem. Ixvi, The next world; where unite All the costumes since .Adam’s.

d. Horsem.

(See quot. and cf. i e above.)

*753 ('hamhers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v., .A horse is said to unite, or walk in union, when, in galloping, the hind quarters follow and keep time with the fore.

u'nited, ppl. a. [f. prec.J 1. Put or joined together;

combined, connected, made one. (Cf. also sense 4.) *552 Huloet, Vnited, vnitus. 1663 Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xiii. They will teach those united hearts the greatest Love. 1671 Milton Samson 1110 [They] durst not with thir whole united powers In fight withstand me. 1706 Prior Ode to Queen xiii. Unmov’d the Two united Chiefs abide 1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) 1. 340 Anthers 5, narrow, united. 1804 Gazetteer Scot. (1806) 541 The united streams of the Dochart and Lochy. 1839 T. Mitchell Frogs of Anstoph. p. xcviii, A poem at least of equal length w ith the Iliad and Odyssey united. 1865-6 Cayley Math. Papers (1893) VI. 9 If two points of a unicursal curve have an {a, a') correspondence, the number of united points is = a + a'.

2. a. Of, belonging to, or produced by two or more persons, agents, or things in union or combination; conjoint, joint. Jrnls. Continental Congress (1906) VT. 865 Resolved, that the inhabitants of Canada, captivated by the United States.. be released and sent home. 1781 j. Adams Fam. Lett. (1876) 403 You will never have peace while the Britons have a company of soldiers at liberty within the United States. 1781-8 in Bryce Amer. Commw. (1888) I. 569 The style of this Confederacy shall be, ‘The United States of America’. 1812 Earl of Liverpool in Examiner 11 May 292/2 The L^nited States had assumed a very warlike attitude. 01817 T. Dwight Trav. New Eng., etc. (1821) I. 18 The United States have been regarded by this class of men as fair game. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 759/1 The United States.. was anxious to establish what Great Britain was not disposed to grant. attrib. 1819 G. Flagg Let. 12 June in Trans. Illinois State Hist. Soc. igio (1912) XV. 165 i'hey settle on united States land. 1840 (title), United States Digest. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 13/2 The officers of the United States navy. 1S75 Jevons Money xix. 246 The United States government.

c. In other applications (see quots.). 1864 Chambers's Encycl. V'l. 734 New Granada (since 1858 the official designation has been The Granadian Confederation, and since 1862, The United States of Colombia). 1890 HazelVs Annual 64/2 That the provinces of Brazil, united by federation, compose the United States of Brazil.

2. The form of English spoken in the United States of North America or regarded as distinctly American, to talk United States, to use strong language, to express oneself forcibly. 1891 E. Roper Track & Trail ix. 134 Most of the ladies spoke decided ‘United States’; one was ‘Dutch’,.. and one ..had a decided British accent. 1898 Hamblen Gen. Manager's Story x. 134 If he made any disparaging comments.. I vowed to myself that I’d talk United States to him if I lost my job by it.

Hence United-'Statesian a., of or belonging to the United States of America; sb., an inhabitant or citizen of the United States. Also United S/otesman (1850), and, in recent use, United Stateser. 1892 N. & Q. 8th Ser. II, 146/2 To an outsider, say a Frenchman or a United-Statesian. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 3/3 The secret of the American or rather UnitedStatesian race.

t u'nitely, odr’. Ohs. [f. unite/)/)/, a. + -ly^.] Unitedly. 1602 Ld. Mocntjoy het. in Moryson Itin. (1617) ii. 213 The Lyst of the Forces here in Ireland, being vnitely considered. 1614 Cornwallis in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 164 That we might all unitely.. cast ourselves at his Majesty’s feet. 1677 Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 247 Unitie., hath all numbers in it singularly and unitely.

tu’nitement. Obs.~' [f. unite v. + -ment.] The fact or condition of being united; union. 1631-2 N. Ferrar Story Bks. Little Gidding (1899) 169 The hope of better serving God and the firmer unitiment [sic] unto him.

tu'niteness. Unitedness.

Obs.

[f.

as

prec.

-1-

-ness.]

1639 Ld. Digby, etc. Lett. cone. Relig. (1651) 132 Conformity and uniteness of minde. 1684 J. Renwick in Biogr. Presbyt. (1827) II. 261 The Uniteness of my Heart unto you.

uniter (ju:‘nait3(r)). [f. unite v. + -er‘. Cf. UNITOR and It. unitore.] One who or that which unites; a uniting agency or quality. 1587 Golding De Mornay vi. 79 The Vniter, and the thing Vnited. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, i. vii. § i Uniters of states and cities. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter i. 7 Friendship IS a great uniter. 1700 J. Brome Trav. Eng. 199 James., became jhe Happy Uniter of the two Crowns. 1724 Swift Drapier s Lett, iv, Money.. hath .. been the great uniter of a most divided people. 1746 Hervey Medit. Flower Garden 29 The Ocean is the grand Vehicle of Trade, and the Uniter of distant Nations. 1840 Carlyle Heroes iv. The Priest presides over the worship of the people; is the Uniter of them with the Unseen Holy. 1852 Lynch Lett. Scattered (1872) 299 How could we love God the bereaver, if He were not the uniter also?

tu'niterable, a. Obs.-' cannot be repeated.

[un-‘ 7b.]

That

1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. iii. §23 To play away an uniterable life.

Uniterm ('jumitaim). Library Science. Also tunit terra, [f. uni-2 or unit s/i. (and a.) + term i/).] The name for a system of indexing whereby each of a series of documents is accessible through an alphabetical index of subject headings; a keyword which forms one of these subject headings. 1952 M. Taube in Amer. Documentation HI. 213/2 The basic ideas of unit terms as a substitute for standard indexing for subject headings and logical combination and order as a substitute for.. alphabetic cross-reference -Compar. Indexing I. 5 We have used the name ‘coordinate indexing’ for this general^ method and the more specific name ‘Uniterm System’ to designate a particular manual application of coordinate indexing. 1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship

UNITIZATION

(ed. 2) loo/i Co-ordinate indexing., is based on the conception of the Uniterm... In the Uniterm system each book .. or other item is numbered as it is received and .. it is possible to gain an approximate idea of the date of any currently-published item from its serial number. The title, salient contents, etc.,. .are then analysed into fundamental terms usually of one word each. These constitute the Uniterms. 1976 Gloss. Documentation Terms (B.S.I.) 70 Uniterm, originally a single word selected from, and characterizing a part of the subject matter of, a document, for use in a co-ordinate indexing system. Now loosely used as a synonym for keyword or descriptor.

uniting (jur'naitiq), vbl. sb. [f. unite v. + -ING*.] The action of the verb; union; an instance or occasion of this. 1548 Elyot, Vnitas, vnitee, vnityng or ioygnyng of two thynges or mo together. 1559 Fabyan's Chron. 567/2 The vnitinge of the twoo houses of Yorke and Lancaster. 1581 T. Rogers St. Aug. Praiers xvi. (1597) 66 That vnspeakable .. vniting togither of thy Godhead and manhood in one person. 1615 Crooke Body of Man 379 These vnitings are not alwayes after one manner. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxii. 122 All uniting of strength by private men. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 172 Cavities or Stones.. hinders their uniting with the Ground. 1778 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 211 A Bill.. for the uniting the kingdom of Ireland with this kingdom. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. 1.125 The uniting of two persons in marriage. attrib. 1713 Berkeley in Guardian 5 Aug., That benevolent uniting instinct implanted in human nature. 1714 '\n Jrnl. Friends Hist. Soc. (1918) 29 Truth .. broke throu^ for our.. comfort, soe ’twas an Uniting time.

b. The place where two or more things unite or join. rare~K 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 81 The Joint is.. apt to discover the Grains of each Wood at the uniting.

u'nitingf ppl. a. joins.

[f. as prec.]

That unites or

01635 SiBBES Confer. Christ & Mary (1656) 92 That Spirit of God., is a uniting spirit. 01653 Binning Serm. Wks. (1735) 11/2 Christ is the uniting Principle. 1713 Blackmore Creation vi. 420 The sportive flood.. with uniting tides.. wanton clasps the intercepted soil. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam ii. xlvi. Then, .shall all the kinds Of evil, catch from our uniting minds The spark which must consume them. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. I. 192 When the uniting wire was perpendicularly opposite to the north pole of the suspended needle. 1895 Athenseum 6 July 8/3 A book of impressions without any uniting idea.

Hence u'nitingly adv. 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. p. iv. Inroads daily made .. unitingly conspire, to destroy.. its Beauties.

unition (jui'nij’an). Also 6 unycion. [ad. late L. unitidn-^ unltio, n. of action f. L. unite: see unite V. Cf. OF. unition, unicion. It. unizione.'\ The action of uniting; the fact or condition of being united; union, conjunction, junction. fa. Of ecclesiastical benefices. Ohs. Act J Hen. VIII, c. 17 §14 The appropriacion, unycion, or consolidacione of the same Patronage.. to the seid Abbot & Convent. 1564 Parker Corr. (Parker Soc.) 214 This is to require you, if upon the understanding of the matter ye shall see cause to give out such an unition [of a benefice and a chapel], to grant it. 1587 Harrison England II. i. (1877) I. 21 The vnition of two [livings] in one man.

fb. Of material substances or bodies. Obs, 1543 Traheron Vigo’s Chirurg. in. i. vi. 93 The curation .. is accomplisshed .. by vnition, or coniunction of seperated orsoundred partes. 1587 Harrison Desc. Brit, in Holinshed Chron. I. 78/1 After whose vnition with the aforesaid water, they run on as one till they meet with the Clothie. 1613 M. Ridley Magn. Bodies 78 To cause these Magneticall bodies to .. turne away, to the end that they may better.. dispose themselues to a conuenient and natural! vnition. C1644 W. Chamberlayne Pharon. ii. iii. 255 Death’s large gripe did take Whole troops.., and in’s march prevents The unition of unrallied regiments. 1699 Phil. Trans. XXL 140 This Unition of Bones at their articulations. 1738 Bracken Farriery Impr. (175?) IL 244 Motion hinders Unition in Wounds.

c. Of abstract things, persons, etc., in non¬ physical or ideal union. 1584 Leycesters Commonw. 24 By this breach wyth Fraunce, we stand alone.. wythout anie great vnition or friendship abrode. 1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 106 That is the most singular.. vnity, which consists not by vnition, but existeth by eternity. 01680 Glanvill Sadducismus i. (1681) 174 The unition of Spirit with Matter 1709 T. Robinson FiW. Mosaick Syst. 21 The Seminal Forms being by a vital Unition conjoined to their Material Vehicles or Bodies. 1733 Watts Philos. Ess. iii. (1734) 85 The Union or rather Unition of a particular Soul and particular Body. 1816 [see unicity]. 1871 W. H. Gillespie Argt. Being Gf Attrib. Godiv. iii. (ed. 5) 159 The attributes, whose unition yields us this Holiness. 1873 B. Gregory Holy Catholic Ch. xvi. 187 The ultimate unition and universal inclusiveness of the Church.

d. Of man and (to or with) the Deity. Now rare. Sometimes distinguished from union (see quot. 1681). 1635 Jackson Creed viii. 79 This part of the nature wounded.. was first to bee perfectly cured, and throughly purified by personall unition to the Sonne of God. 1681 Flavel Method of Grace v. 94 There must be an unition before there can be a union with Christ. Unition is to be conceived efficiently as the work of God’s spirit, joyning the believer to Christ; and union is to be conceived formally, the joyning itself of the persons together. 1782 J. Brown Nat. R^. Relig. III. ii. 232 Christ.. signified his unition of his people into one mystical body with himself. 1784-Hist. Brit. Ch. (1823) I. 343 Their regeneration and spiritual unition to him. 1845 Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 323 The summitflower of all created life Is its unition with Divinity.

'unitism.

rare-K MONISM I b.

[f. unit sb.

+

-ism.]

=

1850 W. Smith Conf. Faith 1. in Thorndale (1857) 488 He [rr. Seckendorf] would coin the term Unitism as a simple opposite to the generally received Dualism.

uni'tistic, a. [f.

unity: see -ist and -ic.] Of or pertaining to, believing in, a theory of unity. 1888 T. K. Cheyne in Jewish Q. Rev. Oct. 77 A unitistic critic. Ibid. 82 From a decided separatist [he] became as decided a maintainer of the unitistic view of the Book of Zechariah.

unitive (’juinitiv), a. [ad. late L. umtw-us (Quicherat), f. L. unit-, ppl. stem of unite: see unite V. and -ive. Cf. F. unitive, -if, (15th c.), Sp., Pg., and It. unitivo.] 1. Having the property or effect of uniting; serving to unite or cause union; characterized by or involving union. Freq. c 1643-r 1670, esp. in the writings of H. More. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 285 b, For loue.. is unityue, that is to saye, it disposeth and draweth all thynges that it ruleth, to peace & vnite. 1647 H. More Song of Soul Notes 136/2 The unitive power of the Intellect. 16^ Jer. Taylor Ductor ii. i. rule i. §33 That all laws which are commonly called Natural are most reasonable, they are perfective of Nature, unitive of Societies. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 162 The ground of magical fascination is one vital unitive principle in the universe. 01834 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1839) IV. 26 Christ, the head, and by his Spirit the bond, or unitive copula of all. *845 J- H- Newman Ess. Developm. 337 The very nature of a true philosophy relatively to other systems Is to be polemical, eclectic, unitive. 1893 Patmore Relig. Poetae 99 Genius consists wholly in the possession of the divine faculty of synthetic or unitive apprehension.

fb. Of a person. 0^5. rare-^. 1651 H. More Second Lash in Enthus. Tri., etc. (1656) 195 Thou art so unitive a soul, Phil,.. that thou wouldst not stick to match chalk and cheese together.

c. Anat.

Of fibres: (see quots.).

1875 Hayden Dis. Heart 31 Luton describes the fibres of the ventricles [of the heart] as common and proper. The former are the ‘unitive’ fibres of Gerdy. Ibid. 32 The posterior ‘unitive’ fibres pass from the posterior segments of the auriculo-ventricular zones., to the right edge of the heart.

2. Having the quality or attribute of uniting spiritually to the Deity. 01659 Rous Heav. Univ. (1702) 160 Until that I shall arrive to the unitive union of the Father. 1675 O. Walker Paraphr. St. Paul 94 The institution of the unitiue vertue of the Sacrifices. 1855 PuSEY Doctrine of Real Presence 312 This introduction [of the body of Christ under these species].. is not an action bringing (adductive of) the Body of Christ, nor simply unitive. 1855 Bailey Mystic, etc. 58 That blessed secret, unitive and divine,.. which us Ones with the heavens. 1879 L. Shepherd tr. Gueranger's Liturg. Year 1. 389 This unitive power of the Fucharist. b. Spec, in unitive life, way, etc., applied to the third and final stage of spiritual advancement. 1649 Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Disc. i. §9 All the eminencies and spirituall riches of the unitive life. Ibid. Disc. iii. §26 Concerning the very same thing which the old Divines call the unitive Way. 1687 Norris Coll. Misc. (1699) 341 Seraphic love, and this with Contemplation, makes up that which the Mystic Divines stile the Unitive way of Religion. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. 237 The Purgative, Illuminative and Unitive Conditions of the Mind. 1749 he.vmGTON Enthus. Meth. & Papists (tysf) 146 By the purgative and illuminating Way, she attains to the Unitive. 1830 For. Rev. & Cont. Misc. V. 318 The purgative, illuminative, and unitive stages of devotion. 1848 Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 208 The soul.. Lay lulled in glory, and in unitive Life with divinity. 1899 W. R. Inge Chr. Mysticism i. 10 Strictly, the unitive road {via) leads to the contemplative life {vita).

Hence 'unitively adv.; 'unitiveness. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. 322 The consideration of the collectiveness and unitiveness of., [these] types. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 307 Jupiter who conteineth the Vniverse, and All things within himself, Vnitively and Intellectually. Ibid. 582 The First of these is sometimes said to be..‘All things Vnitively,’ The Second..‘All things Intellectually.’ 1812-29 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1838) III. *47 The corrupt will cannot.. be unitively subordinated to the reason. 1865 Neale Hymns Paradise 68 Whom, embracing unitively. Thou shalt love with perfect will.

uniti'zation. [f. next +

-ation.] 1. The joint development of a petroleum source which straddles territory controlled by several companies. 1930 Handbk. Unitization of Oil Pools (Mid-Continent Oil Sc Gas Assoc.) i. 15 The term ‘Unitization’ refers to the practice of unifying the ownership and control of an actual prospective oil or gas pool by the issuance or assignment of units or undivided interests in the entire area with provision for development and operation by an agent, trustee or committee representing all holders of undivided interests therein. 1938 D. Hager Practical Oil Geol. (ed. 5) **• 263 The ideal is for one oil concern to own a whole field and to unitize the leases so that property owners are allowed a royalty on all the oil produced in proportion to their propeny holdings. Ibid., Unitization as an ideal is fine for oil producer. 1952 South Western Reporter (U.S.) CCXLIX. 917/1 Respondents suggest that the conclusion we have reached will discourage the making of unitization ^reements. 1977 Internal, fef Compar. Law Q. XXVI. 353 Discussions are already under way between Norway and the United Kingdom on the unitisation of the Statfjord oil and gas field.

2. The packaging of cargo into unit loads (see UNIT sb. (and a.) 3 c); = palletization.

UNITIZE

8i

*953 Timfs zo Jan. 2,5 Addresses will be given on .'Packaging and air freight’, and ‘Packaging and unitization’. 1967 D. Wilson Use of Expendable Pallets i Since most modern handling systems of unit loads are based around the fork-lift truck there has to be a common denominator of any method of unitisation i.e. that it is capable of being lifted and moved bv fork-lift truck. 1981 E. CoRLETT Retmution Merchant Shipping 12/1 Militating against the spread of container unitisation was the lack of infra-structure.

3. Conversion of an investment trust to a unit trust (see unit sb. (and a.) 3 c). 1974 Daily Tel. 10 .Aug. 17/4 The cost of unitisation ‘would be high’. 1982 Observer 7 Feb. 20/1 Fleming, .may well find that unitisation cannot be avoided in respect of some of the trusts.

'unitize, v.

[f. unit sb. + -ize.] 1. tram. To form into a unit; to unite or make one. 1849 implied in unitizing ppL a. below], i860 Worcester (citing Ch. Reg.). 1893 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 320 [Christ] is the head of every principality and power., to subdue all things to Himself, and to unitise highest and lowest. 1939 D. Hager Fund. Petroleum Industry ix. 201 The new drilling outfits are unitized, i.e., the various sections are mounted on single steel frames which are enclosed in steel cases to protect the workers from the machinery. 1962 Engineering 21 Sept. 369 As much as possible of each engine has been ‘unitized’. 2. techn. In the senses of: a. unitization i. 1938 D. Hager Pract. Oil Geol. (ed. 5) ix. 263 The ideal is for one oil concern to own a whole field and to unitize the leases.

b. UNITIZATION 2. 1962 [see CONTAINERIZE 1.]. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. bi/8 The parcel was not drilled, but was unitized into one of the Rainbow pools and is producing revenue pro¬ rated to the company’s share of the pool’s reserves. 1973 (title) Packing for profit i: the economic advantages of unitising break-bulk cargo.

c. UNITIZATION 3. Also intr. or absoL 1978 Daily Tel. 4 Feb. 21/1 With the current average discount on investment trust shares running at around 30 p.c. there is considerable pressure from the private shareholder to unitise the trusts, which would mean a payout at the full value of the underlying investments. 1982 Sunday Times 7 Feb. 54/1 Robert Fleming.. promised to take the question of unitising seriously.

So 'unitized, 'unitizing ppl. adjs. 1849 Sears Regeneration Iii. xii. (1859) 239 The governing and unitizing principle of all endeavour. 1873 Contemp. Ret'. XXI. 269 The rapid immediate advance of unitized societies. 1947 Sun (Baltimore) 23 Aug. 7 You must see the Nash ‘600’ to realize how far into the future this big car takes you .. with.. girder-strong unitized body and frame. 1950 Nucleonics May 15/2 The fitting of unitized furniture into the laboratory is a critical consideration which must be applied to the dimensioning of all of the rooms. 1961 Times 22 Feb. 11/6 In the United States mechanized and ‘unitized’ general cargo handling is racing ahead. 1964 Economist zb Sept. 1243/1 The roads have .. introduced .. unitised trains made up of wagons carrying one product to one customer. 1970 R. P. Loveland Photomicrography I. iii. 121 Unitized construction allows change of body tube between binocular and monocular for photomicrography. 1978 N. Y. Times 29 Mar. D10/5 The Institute of Mental Health, a unitized psychiatric hospital, requires a clinical psychologist PhD.

tu'nitor.

Obs.-^

[f. unite v.

+

-or.]

=

UNITER. 1602 Warner Albion's England xiv. 339 Seauenth Henr\', the Vnitor of those Flowers that long dissented.

'unitude. nonce-word. [f. multitude: see -tude.] one.

uni- or unit, after The character of being

1851 Spencer Soc, Stat. i8 It hints that the first principle of a code for the right ruling of humanity in its state of multitude, is to be found in humanity in its state of unitude.

unity’ Cjuiniti). Forms: 4-6 vnite, vnyte, 4-7 unite, 5-6 unyte; 4 vnitee, vnytee, 6 unitee; 5 vnytie, 6 unytie, 5-6 vnytye, vnitye, 5-7 vnitie, 6-7 unitie, vnity (7 vnitty), 7- unity, [a. AF. unite, OF. unite, uniteit (c 1200), F. unite (= Sp. unidad, Pg. unidade. It. unitd), or ad. L. unitdt-, unitas oneness, sameness, agreement, f. un-us one: see -ity.] I. 1. The fact, quality, or condition of being, comprising, or consisting of one in number; oneness, singleness. Freq. of the Deity, and in early use in the phr. in unity. Used spec, in Philos, and Metaph. to express the negation of multiplicity of being or existence; individuality, identity (see Baldwin Diet. Philos. & Psychol.). e fader, and wid J^e sone, And wid l?e holi gost in vnite. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 383 Two passen fro unyte. 1398 T REViSA Barth. De P R. xix. cxvi. (1495) 921 The one and vnyte of nombre ..; therby is fygure and lyknesse of the vnyte of our lorde god. c 1532 Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1023 The blessed Trinite thre persones in unite. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. ii. §2 Our God is one, or rather very oneness, and mecre unitie. 1606 Shaks. Tr. & Cr. v. ii. 141 If there be rule in vnitie it selfe. This is not she. 1621 T. Bedford .Sin unto Death 6 The singular number doth not alwayes imply an individual! vnitie. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. II. vi. § I Amongst all the Ideas we have,.. there is none more simple than that of Unity, or One. 1725 Watts Logic (1736) 245 The Unity and Spirituality of the Godhead. 1766 Blackstone Comm. II. 433 The notion of an unity of person between the husband and wife. 1844 Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 117 Perfect unity in extreme multiplicity. 1864 Bowen Logic ix. 292 A question often involves a real duplicity under a seeming unity. ai88i A. Barratt Phys. Metempiric (tSS^)

106 A priori a spacial principle of unity seems as reasonable as a temporal.

b. Math. The condition of the unit or number one; the numeral one regarded abstractly as the basis of number in reckoning or calculation. 1570 Billingsley Euclid vu. i. 184 Vnitie is that, whereby euery thing that is, is sayd to be on. 1657 Hobbes Absurd Geom. 2 The excesse of the rising proportion above subtriple is the same which unity hath to the six times the number of termes after o. 1709-29 V'. Mandey Syst. Math., Arith. 6 Unity measures every number by the number itself; so i measures 7 by 7. 1831 Brewster Optics iv. 28 Take 1 part or unity from the same scale. 1869 J. H. Smith Elem. Algebra 50 The quotient is unity when the Dividend and the Divisor are equal. 1885 Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. Magn. \. 232 Taking unity as the combining number for hydrogen.

c. A quantity, magnitude, or substance regarded as equivalent to the number one in calculation, measurement, or comparison. 1728 Chambers Cycl., Measure, in Geometry, any certain Quantity assumed as one, or Unity, to which the Ratio of other.. Quantities is express’d. 1797 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVII. 659/1 The most convenient way., would be to consider the weight of the standard as unity. 1801 Monthly Rev. XXXV. 525 The ten millionth part of the .. distance.. was taken as the unity of measure. 1816 Playfair Nat. Phil. II. 287 If the mass of Jupiter be supposed unity. 1836 Brands Chem. (ed. 4) 220 Others adopt oxygen as unity, in which case hydrogen becomes one-eighth of that unit. 1880 Haughton Phys. Geog. iii. 138 If we call the Gulf Stream unity, we may form an approximate estimate of the other four systems of circulation. 2. An instance of this: fa* = unit sb. i. Obs. C1425 Craft Nombrynge (E.E.T.S.) 22 Reken ten for on vnite. Ibid. 28 Loke how mony vnityes ben in J?e nounbre )?at comes of pe multiplicacioun of pe 2 digittes. 1543 Recorde Arith. 119 b, In that place of vnities dothe appere only 7. 1587 Fleming Centn. Holinshed III. 1490/2 The residue., being multiplied by vnities, doo make vp the complet number of three score and twelue. 1630 Wingate Arith. 1. i. 15 The Integers, or intire Vnities. 1669 Sturmy Manner’s Mag. III. ii. 129 Because the Angle CAB is a Right Angle,.. I therefore only put an Unity before the second Term. 1837 Whewell Hist. Induct. Sci. I. 250 His objections to geometry’ and arithmetic are founded on abstract cavils concerning the nature of points, letters, unities.

b. One separate or single thing, quality, etc.; something which is complete or entire in itself, or is regarded as such. 1587 Golding De Mornay ii. r6 The foresayd most single and alonly One, abyding still one in it selfe, bringeth fcK)rth all the other vnities. 1598 Marston Sco. Villanie i. iv. (1599) *87 Sylenus now is old, I wonder, I, He doth not hate his triple venerie... Me thinkes a vnitie were competent. az6oo Edmonds Observ. Csesar's Comm. 38 The life and strength of a multitude consisteth in vnities. 1681 Whole Duty Nations 7 He himself is the prime Unity and Universality. 1828 Carlyle Misc. (1840) I. 319 The clear view of it as an indivisible Unity. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Swedenborg fP 17 The unities of each organ are so many little organs, homogeneous with their compound. 1889 Mivart Ori^. Hum. Reason 46 They are apprehensions of abstract qualities grouped round a unity.

II. 3. The quality or condition of being one in mind, feeling, opinion, purpose, or action; harmonious combination together of the various parties or sections {of the Church, a state, etc.) into one body; concord or harmony amongst several persons or between two or more. In the usage with at wole be clepid vnyuersal bischop. 1483 Caxton Cato aijb, God is the unyuersal commaunder of alle our production. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 38 The universal Lord of all this world. 1582 T. W[ilcox] B. de Loque's Disc. Ch. 73 Saint Peter was not an vniuersall Apostle, nor a soueraigne and high bishoppe ouer all the Churche. 1606 Shaks. Ant. & Cl. in. xiii. 71 To heare frome me you had.. put your selfe vnder his shrowd, the vniuersal Landlord [jc. Julius Caesar]. 1632 Lithgow Trav. X. 474 Boniface the third obtained of Phocas..to be called vniuersall Bishop. 1667 Milton P.L. 111. 317 Here shalt [thou] Reigne Both God and Man,.. Anointed universal King. 1720 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Oecumenical, Supposing the Title Oecumenic to imply Universal Bishop, or Bishop of all the World. 1784 Cowper Task vi. 449 The universal Father’s love. 1818 Shelley Homer's Hymn to Earth i O universal Mother, who dost keep From everlasting thy foundations deep! 1876 Freeman Norm. Conq. xxiv. V. 391 He became universal landlord, but he did not cease to be universal ruler.

b. In legal use {spec, in Scots Law): Of or in respect of the whole estate or property. 1669 in W. M. Morison Diet. Decis. (1807) 16167 His executor and universal legatar. 1702 London Gazette No. 3806. 6 His Majesty has. .appointed the Prince of Frise to be his Universal Heir. 1765-8 Erskine Inst. Law Scot. iii. ix. §6 Where a settlement is made by the deceased of the whole or the universitas of his moveable estate, the person gratified is called universal legatee. 1790 in Nairne Peerage Evidence (1874) 99 The said Marg* Mercer to be my sole executor and universal intromitter.

c. Scots Law. Succeeding to an estate by a universal, as distinct from a singular, title. 1681 Stair Inst. xxvi. 92 Heirs in Law are called Universal Successors,.. [because] they do wholly represent the defunct. 1838 Bell Diet. Law Scot. 951 In this sense the two terms of singular successor and universal successor are opposed to each other.

3. a. Of or pertaining to the universe in general or all things in it; existing or occurring everywhere or in all things; occas,, of or belonging to all nature. Chiefly poet, or rhet. 1390 Gower Conf. HI. 91 Yit withouten eny forme Was that matiere universal. Which hihte ylem. 1637 Milton Lycidas 60 Her inchanting son Whom Universal nature did lament. 1643 Swan Spec. Mundi{ed. 2) 213 These things.. are but in particular seas,.. where a general) and universall cause may be much hindered. 1731 Bolingbroke Let. to Swift 2 Aug., The first epistle, which considers man., relatively to the whole system of universal being. 1738 Gray Propertius iu.\. 18 I'hat first, eternal, universal Cause. 1819 Shelley Peter Bell jrd v. viii, On the universal sky. 1823 S. Rogers Italy, St. Mark's Place 165 Subtle, invisible. And universal as the air. 1848 R. 1. Wilberforce Doctr.

UNIVERSAL Incarnation xi. (1852) pervades all rhinos. b.

83 267

The

Universal

Mind

which

poet, as an epithet of Pan.

1667 Milton P.L. iv. 266 While Universal Pan Knit with the Graces and the Hours in dance Led on th’ Eternal Spring. 1809 WoRDsw. 'O'er the wide earth' 3 A Godhead, like the universal Pan. 1820 Shelley Witch Atlas ix. And universal Pan, ’tis said, was there.

c. Of language, etc.: .Adopted, (intended to be) used, understood, etc., everywhere or by all nations; freq. = Latin. 1652 Urqi hkrt Jewel 24 Bringing all these words within the systeme of a Language, which .. may .. be intituled The Universal Tongue. 1653 Logopandect. 13 So can there be no Universal Language but this I am about to divulge unto the world. Ibid., The Universal Alphabet therefore must be first conceived. 1668 Wilkins13 A Real universal Character. 1756 Mrs. Calderwooo in Coltness Collect. 131 The universal! language so much wished for. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot. Pref. p. xiii, The advantage which is derived from speaking and writing one universal language. 1818 Hazlitt Eng. Poets i. 2 Poetry is the universal language which the heart holds with nature and itself. 1836 (title). Universal Character; or, Manner of Writing intelligible to the Inhabitants of every Country. 1885. 1890 (see VolapOk].

d. Mil. Of stores: (see quot.). 1876 VoYLE & Stevenson Milit. Diet. 446/2 Universal.. is applied to certain stores of a general pattern, such as the saddler>’ and harness now in use in the army.

t4. Not going into details or particulars; general. Ob5.~^ ri430 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 5 (MS. broken bonys an vniuersel word.

Addit.),

Chap, j

of

t5. a. Of a council: General, oecumenical (see COUNCIL 2). Obs. rare. *432-50 tr. iligden (Rolls) V. 241 A cownsayle universalle of vj« and xxx*' bischoppes hade at Calcedonia. fb.

Made up of, inclusive of, all. 06s.

1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. vi. 36 Many fair fountaines, which after a long..course do come altogether into an vniuersall flood [Fr. vn vniuersel fteuve].

t6. Of persons: Preserving the same attitude fo all. 06s. rx450 in Aungier Syon (1840) 269 The presidente.. owethe to be unyuersal to al and not parcial.

7. Of the church: Of, belonging to, or including all persons; consisting of the whole body of Christians; = catholic a. 5. 1483 Caxton Cato bij, Our moder chyrche unyuersall. 1509 Paternoster, Ave Creed(W. de W.) aiij, I trowe in y« holy goost, holy chirche Unyv’ersall [etc.]. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 3 The haly spreit quhilk is ane daily techeour and governour of the hail universal kirk. 1620 T. Granger Div. Logike 227 Euen the vniuersall Church may erre. 1645 Ussher Body Div. (1647) 187 The Catholick Church, that is, God’s whole or universall Assembly. 1663-70 South Serm. (1715) IV. 281 The Universal Christian Church. 1807 J. Crook (title). The Universal Church; an Essay on Nature, as the Universal Basis of I'ruth, Perfection, and Salvation. 1893 LiDDON, etc. Life Pusey I. 417 The Ancient Fathers.. bring the thought of particular Churches into community with the thought of the L’niversal Church when outwardly united.

8. Constituting or forming, existing or regarded as, a complete whole; entire, whole. a. Of the world, earth, etc. Common in i6th c.; now somewhat rare. See varsal a. i. 1470-85 Malory Arthur v. i. 160 That noble empyre whiche domyneth vpon the vnyuersal world. 1480 Caxton Myrr. Prol. 4 b, The situacion .. of the firmament, and how the vnyuersal erthe hangeth in the myddle of the same. 1513 Douglas JEneid vi. xii. 10 By his power mydlit is our all This meikle body clepit vniuersall. 1527 R. Thorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 253 This Card, though little, conteineth the vniuersall whole world. 1649 Quarles Virgin Widow 11. i, ’Twas for nothing in the universal world but for killing a rich Patient. 1667 Milton P.L. v. 154 Thine this universal Frame, Thus w’ondrous fair. [Hence in Blackmore Creation v. 657, Cowper Retirement 90.] Ibid. vii. 257 With joy and shout The hollow Universal Orb they fill’d. 1823 W. Faux Mem. Days 212, I would live no where else in all the universal world. 1859 Darwin in Li/e ^ Lett. (1887) 11. 169 Now I care not what the universal world says. b.

In general use.

1502 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione iv. xviii. (1893) 282 All the vniuersall people prayse the. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Qlasse 48 At midde day through the vniuersal yere. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. in. iii. 73 b. Their order vniuersall is distributed in tenths. 1603 Daniel Def. Ryme G 3 b, Euery Rymer in this vniuersall Hand. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 113 Neither cement nor wood was imploied thorow’out the vniuersall fabricke. 1667 Milton P.L. 1. 541 The universal Host upsent A shout that tore Hells Concave. 1830-1860 in Thornton Amer. Gloss. (1912) s.v.. The Universal Yankee nation. 1871 Blackie Four Phases i. 27 The political importance.. had been blazoned forth before universal Greece.

9. a. Of persons: Instructed or learned in all or many subjects; having an extensive knowledge or experience; widely accomplished; interested in or devoted to a great variety of subjects; having a wide range of interests or activities. Also of the mind or disposition. 1520 Caxton s Chron. Eng. iv, 32b/2 He [Adrian] was an vnyuersall man almost in all scyences. 1540 J. Heywood Four P.P. B ij. Why be ye so vniuersall. That ye can do what so cuer ye shall. 1631 Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 383 One William West, a Canon of Saint Pauls,.. a good companion, a man vniuersall, affable, and curteous. 1679 Dryden Pref. to Troylus & Cress, ad fin., Shakespeare had an universal mind, a 1700 Evelyn Diary 5 Mar. 1673, This gentleman is a very excellent and universal scholar. Ibid. 19 July 1691. I never knew a man of a more universal and generous spirit. a 1715 Burnet Own Time il. x. (1897) I. 427 He was.. very

universal in all other learning. 1749 Smollett Gil Bias xi. v, He sets up for an universal man, because he has a small tincture of every science. 1829 Lytton Devereux ii. vi, Don Saltero is a universal genius. 1833 Coleridge Table-t. 17 Feb., Shakspeare is universal, and in fact has no manner. 1841 D’Israeli Amen. Lit. HI. 178 With a universal mind Rawleigh was eager after universal knowledge. b. Not limited or restricted to any particular

branch or class of work, etc. f attorney universal^ an Attorney-General (065.); uni¬ versal maid, a maid of all work, a general servant; Universal Aunts, the name of a com¬ pany incorporated in 1922 and based in London, which provides domestic assistance to its clients through a staff of professional helpers; hence Universal Aunt, a member of the organization; usually transf. Cf. AUNT i b. Similarly Universal Uncle. 1637 J. Bastwick (title). The Answer., to the Information of Sir John Bancks, Knight, Attorney universall. 1770 R. Weston (title). The Universal Botanist and Nurseryman, etc. 1840 Thackeray Shabby-genteel Story iii, She had been in the kitchen helping Becky, the universal maid. 1922 Certificate qf Incorporation No. 185,178 (Department of Trade) 20 Oct., I hereby certify that Universal Aunts, Limited is this day incorporated under the Companies Acts., and that the Company is Limited... Registrar of Joint Stock Companies. 1923 Westm. Gaz. 10 Jan. 7/6 Associations such as ‘Universal Aunts’ and ‘Useful Women’ who supply workers for.. social work. 1929 M. Allingham Mystery Mile iii. 38 He’s really a sort of ‘Universal Aunt’, isn’t he? ‘Your adventures undertaken for a small fee.’ 1931 -Look to Lady iii. 42, I am. .a sort of universal uncle, a policeman’s friend and master-crook’s factotum. 1937 A. Thirkell Summer Half viii. 229 The universal uncle went down to dinner. 1961 Listener 12 Oct. 576/1 His role of cultural Universal Uncle. 1978 M. Dickens Open Book iv. 33 There was a domestic agency in Knightsbridge called Universal Aunts—now in Chelsea—which was famous for doing things that real aunts ought to be doing, like meeting small boys from India at the boat train and taking them across London to their train for school.

c. Embracing or covering all (or a great variety of) subjects, branches of knowledge, etc. Also universal decimal classification, a form of decimal library classification (see decimal a. I a). 1638 R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 39 His knowledge is so universal, and comprehends such an infinite number of things that one cannot touch upon any point w'here he is not ready for you. 1688-9 (title). The Universal Intelligence. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iv. iii. §28 For wherever we want that, we are utterly uncapable of universal and certain Knowledge. 1786 (title). The Fashionable Magazine,.. being a Compleat Universal Repository of Taste, Elegance, and Novelty for both Sexes. 1821 A. Jamieson (title). Universal Science, or the Cabinet of Nature and Art. 1841 [see sense 9 a]. 1861-5 (title), Beeton’s Dictionary of Universal Information. 1882-4 (title). Universal Instructor; or, Self-Culture for All. 1930 [see decimal a. I a]. 1949 College & Research Libraries Oct. 333 The Universal Decimal Classification (U.D.C.). This last was the name given to the ‘Brussels expansion’ of the Decimal Classification and Relative Index of Melvil Dewey. 1958 B.S./. News Sept. 12/1 The B.S.I., with the support of ASLIB and the Library Association, is arranging a series of one-day discussions on universal decimal classification.

flO. With pi. sbs. All, every one, regarded collectively as a body or whole. Obs. rare. 1530-1 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 14 His lyberall and free habytations resortes and passages to and fro the vniuersall places of this realme. 1563 Homilies 11. The Sacrament ii. 458 b, Wherfore, let vs all vniuersall and singuler, beholde our owne maners and lyues, to amend them.

11. a. Logic. Applicable to, extending or relating to, involving, the whole of a class or genus, or all the individuals or species forming it; spec, of a proposition: Predicable of each of the things denoted by the subject. Opposed to particular. 1551 T. Wilson Logike G viii, The first proposition must be vniuersall euer, or els it is not good. 1606 Bryskett Civ. Life 124 That sense is busied about things particular, and .. onely things vniuersall are knowne. 1650 Hobbes Hum. Nat. V. 50 The appellations that be universal, and common to many things, are not always given to all the particulars. 1697 tr. Burgersdicius' Logic i. xvii. 66 Cause efficient is divided into universal and particular. Universal is that which concurrs with other causes. 1725 Watts Logic (1726) 36 This sort of universal Ideas, which may either be considered as a Genus, or a Species, is call’d Subaltern. Ibid. 147 An universal Proposition is when the Subject is taken according to the whole of its Extension. 1842 Abp. Thomson Laws Th. 64 As to Quantity, judgments are either Universal, Particular, or Singular. 1885 J- Martineau Types Eth. Th. I. I. ii. §8. 201 What is there ‘universal’ in this geometrical equation? b. Applicable to, operative or valid in, all cases.

Of a law or rule (cf. general a. 5 b). 1583 Melbancke Philotimus Rjb, Yet the vniuersallest Axiomes haue their cautions. 1651 Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvi. 148 Naturall Lawes being Eternall, and Universall, are all Divine. 1667 Sprat Hist. R. Soc. 247 A universal Standard, or measure of Magnitudes, by the help of a Pendulum. 1687 P. Ayres Lyric Poems (1906) 309 This Universal Remedy, To hope and live. 1728 Ch.a.mbers Cycl. s.v. General, A General Rule, q.d. an universal Rule. 1747 Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) p. xxvii, It comes the nearest an Universal Medecine. 1839 b ICKENS Nickleby ix. As there is no reason to suppose that she was a solitary exception to a universal rule. 1 S84 tr. Lotze's Metaph. 117 The validity of Universal laws. 1890 R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 317 Compelled to employ that only universal solvent, a cash payment.

universal 112. Of motion or action: Constant, continual, perpetual. Obs. rare. 1588 Shaks. L.L.L. IV. iii. 305 Why, vniuersall plodding poysons vp The nimble spirits in the arteries. 1604 E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iii. vi. 137 [The comet] mooved daily with an vniversal motion, from East to Weast.

13. Of implements, machines or their parts, etc.: Adjustable to all conditions or requirements; not restricted to one fixed type of operation, but capable of variety of work; adapted to various purposes, sizes, forms, etc. Freq. universal joint, a joint or coupling which permits of free movement in any direction of the parts joined, spec, one which does this in such a way that one of the connected parts conveys rotary action to the other. A number of other instances in purely technical use are recorded in Knight’s Diet. Mech. (1875) and Suppl. (1884), and recent Diets. (1891-). 1676 Hooke Helioscopes 14 The Universal Joynt for all these manner of operations. 1688 Holme Armoury 111. 373 Pendant Dials.., commonly called Equinoctial or Universal Dials, are most used by Sea-Men and Travellers. 1700 Moxon Math. Instr. s.v., [The] Universal Equinoctial Dial ..finds the Latitude and Hour of the day and most propositions on the Globe. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. ^ Art I. 111 The stop and fence of the universal plough. 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 324 On the end, n, of the spindle P,.. is screwed occasionally an universal chuck for holding any kind of work which is to be turned. 1829 Nat. Philos., Mechanics 11. xiii. 62 (L.U.K.), Hooke’s universal joint is a very simple and effectual method of transferring rotation from one axis to another. 1881 Raymond Mining Gloss., Universal train, a roll train having adjustable horizontal and vertical rolls, so as to produce sections of various sizes. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Vocab., Universal machine, a jobbing platen machine —for steam or treadle.

14. Special collocations: universal arithmetic, t mathematics, algebra; universal donor Med., a person whose blood is group O (so called because before the discovery of other blood group systems group O blood was thought to be compatible with that of any individual); Universal Product Code N. Amer. (see quot. 1979); Universal Provider, the name of a wellknown general store formerly trading in London; freq. with small initials and transf.', universal quantifier Logic [tr. G. allgemeiner quantificator (Lukasiewicz & Tarski 1930, in Sprawozdania z Posiedzen Towarzysttua naukowego Warszawskiego (Wydzial III) XXIII. 44)], a quantifier referring to all the members of a universe or class; universal set Logic and Math. = universe 2d; universal suffrage, a suffrage extending to the whole of a community, esp. one in virtue of which all persons (formerly all male persons) over a certain age, except lunatics, aliens, and criminals, have the right to vote for representatives to a legislative (usually parliamentary) assembly; hence universal suffragist, universal time, Greenwich time calculated from midnight at the Greenwich meridian (rather than from noon, as formerly); universal umbel (see quot.). 1720 Raphson, etc. (title), ‘Universal Arithmetick: or, a Treatise of Arithmetical Composition and Resolution. Translated from the Latin [of Newton’s Arithmetica Universalis (1707)]. 1826 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 524/2 The title Universal Arithmetic very inadequately expresses the nature, objects, and extent of this department of Analysis. 1922 G. Keynes Blood Transfusion iv. 72 Individuals of Groups I and IV have therefore been named ‘universal recipients’ and ‘‘universal donors’ respectively. 1976 Edington & Gilles Path, in Tropics (ed. 2) 480 Universal donor group O blood should not therefore be employed for transfusing A or B recipients without prior investigation. 1673 J. Kersey Algebra b3. The learned Works of which [they].. proclaim their rare Talents in •Universal Mathematicks. 1752 (title). The Elements of Universal Mathematics, or Algebra; to which is added, a Specimen of a Commentary on Sir Isaac Newton’s Universal Arithmetic. 1974 Consumer Reports (U.S.) May 364/2 A computer.. knows the package code (the groceiy industry has agreed on a ‘universal product code). 1979 Hammond Almanac ig8o 761/2 Universal Product Code, a pattern of lines and numbers by which information about a product may be encoded for automatic scanning by a device .. that records its price for charging the consumer as well as its stock numbers, inventory, etc. 1884 List of Subscribers (London & Globe Telephone Co.), Wniteley, W., •Universal Provider, Westbourne Grove, W. 1903 Beerbohm Around Theatres (igz^) I. 461 As a curate he has to offer that consolation of which he is universal provider. 1953 Guardian 11 Sept. 6/5 To our children we will always be a kind of Universal Provider, vague of face but soft of bosom. 1962 Sunday Express 23 Dec. 2/4 The world-famous ‘Universal Provider’. Anything from a flea to an elephant.. Whiteley boasted he could provide. [1845 Encycl. Metrop. I. 207/1 When the subject of a Proposition is a common Term, the universal signs (‘all, no, every’) arc used.] 1936 Amer. Jrnl. Math. LVHI. 353 Then..(x)P and (3x)P are propositions of elemental^’ number theoiy, where (x) and (3x) are respectively the ‘universal and existential quantifiers. 1940. etc. [see quantifier r a]. 1961 J. E. Whitesitt Boolean Algebra iii. 60 Vx is called the universal quantifier of the variable x and is usually read ‘for ail x’ or ‘for every x’. 1980 E. P. Lynch Applied Symbolic Logic i. 11 The universal quantifiers are ‘all’, ‘for every’, ‘for all’, and so on. [1910 Whitehead & Russell Principia Mathematica I. i. 30 The class determined by a function which is always true is called the universal class, and is represented by V.) 1959 •Universal set [sec solution set s.v. solution sb. 12]. 1975 1

UNIVERSALIA Math. iv. 57 In any particular problem, the sets one is concerned with often lie inside some reasonably small universal set. 1706 De Foe Jure Dir. v. 3 The Land divided, Right to rule divides. And •universal Suffrage then provides. 1798 [see si'FFRage lob]. 1817 CoBHF.TT Pol. Reg. XXXII. 226 That, as to L'niversal Suffrage, you cannot help calling it universal impracticability. 1857 D. P(rSFLEY] Rise Australia, etc. 69 Even absolutism with its attendants evils would., be preferable to universal suffrage. 1822 Blacktv. Mag. XII. 156 If they come back ’Universal Suffragists. 1834 Mar. Edgeworth Helen xxxv. It is curious that.. Louisa Castlefort, should be obliged .. to .. turn ultra liberale, or an universal suffragist. 1882 Monthly Notices R. Astron. Soc. XLIl. 205 (heading) •Universal time and the selection of a prime meridian. Ibid., The American Meteorological Society further considered it desirable that in the future a universal time reckoned from the meridian 180 from that of Greenwich should be generally introduced. 1969 Times 24 June 4/7 The object rose above the eastern horizon at 2.49 a.m., universal time. 1760]. Lee Introd. Bot. i. viii (1765) 17 The Umbel that bears the Umbellula on its Footstalks, is called an ’universal Umbel. Stewart Concepts Mod.

15. Quasi-flc^z’. a. Universally; in all places, b. With universal power, rare. 1524 in Acta Parlt. Scotl. (1875) XII. 40/2 bat Justice .Ains be halden universale throu oute pe Ralme. 1759 Mason Caractacus 86 What, if Cajsar aims To lord it universal o’er the world.

16. absol. with the. a. The w'hole of, all of (something expressed or implied); spec, in Logic and Philos., the whole class or genus, as distinct from the individuals comprising it. f 1374 Chaccer Boeth. v. pr. iv. (1868) 165 For resoun is she )>at diffinissep pe vniuersel of hir conseite ry3t pus. 1551 T. Wilson Logike lib, From the vniuersall to the particular, the argument goeth well. 1818 Coleridge Friend (ed. 2) I. 269 The ideas of the Necessary and the L niversal. 1865 Mozley Mirac. ii. 46 The universal as a law and the universal as a proposition are wholly distinct. 1871 JowETT Plato I. 265 Tell me what virtue is in the universal.

t b. by or in the universal, in respect of, or with reference to, the whole class; in general terms; generally. Obs. 1552 Latimer Serm. (1562) 127 Suche a maner of speakyng is vsed in the scripture, to speake by the vniuersall: meaning a great numbre, but yet not all: only those that be giltie. 1628 Spencer Logick 206 Both of these distinct formes are one. and the same thing in the generall, or vniversall.

tc. The whole community; the people in general. Obs. 1676 in Brent's Coutic. Trent p. Ixx, Which hath produced . .a most intense desire of the conservation of their good Servant, and in the universal a more glorious fame to see.. so singular a favour.

tl7. in universal: a. As a body or whole; collectively, b. In respect of every thing or part; entirely, w'holly. Obs. 1387-8 T. UsK Test. Love 11. xiii. (Skeat) 1. 70 At the ginninge of the worlde, every thing by him-selfe was good; and in universal they weren right good. 1615 in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 168 The Spaniard interdicteth Trade to the East Indies in universal, and the Hollanders but to a part.

B. sb. 1. a. Logic and Philos. That which is predicated or asserted of all the individuals or species of a class or genus, or of many things which are regarded as forming a class; an abstract or general concept regarded either as having an absolute, mental, or nominal existence; a universal proposition; a general term, notion, or idea. Chiefly \npl. and opposed to particulars or singulars. In medieval Scholastic philosophy the nature of universal gave rise to the great controversy which resulted in the division of the Schoolmen into Realists, Nominalists, and Conceptualists, according to their respective theories 1553 Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 9 A perticuler proueth no vniuersall. 1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. 141 It is merely a notional and imaginary thing, an abstract universal, which is properly nothing, a conception of our own making. 1697 tr- Burgersdicius' Logic, i. i. 3 A universal IS that which is apt., to be predicated of many things, as Chambers Cycl. s.v. Predicable, 1 hus Animal is an Universal, with regard to Man and Beast. XLVH. 314 The business of natural philosophy is.. to note down facts,.. and .. to collect their proper universal, by a fair.. induction. Ibid. A new collection of constant and similar facts affords an higher universal. pi. 1^6 Bryskett Civ. Life 124 As the hand is apt to take hold of all instruments; so is this power or facultie apt to apprehend the formes of all things, from whence grow the ymuersals. 01676 Hale Prim. Grig. Man. (1677) 28 For Lniyersals are but Notions and Entia Rationis. 1725 Watts Logic (1726) 36 Some of these Universals are Genus’s, if ^mpared with less common Natures. 1794 Burke On Petition of Unitarians Wks. 1842 II. 474 No rational man ever did govern himself, by abstractions and universals. *037 Hallam Hist. Lit. I. iii. §67 The long controversies betvs een the Realists and Nominalists concerning the nature ot universals. i860 Abp. Thomson Laws Th. (ed. 5) §62 Universals. .or those general properties which many things share alike, and which are acquired by the mind only by ^stracting from the things that exhibit them. 1889 Mivart Ortg. Hum. Reason 43 General ideas, or ‘universals’, onlv arise m our mind after we have experienced corresponding groups of sense-impressions.

tb. p/. Items of general information or news III. 3 This Letter runs upon Universalis, because 1 know your Lordship hath..a spacious understanding, which comprehends the whole world. 1650

Howell

Lett.

UNIVERSALIST

84

tc. Abstract magnitude or volume. Obs. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 66 Universal, or boak, as taken in the Mathematicks.

2. That which is universal; esp. one who or that which is universally powerful, potent, current, etc. 1556 Olde Antichrist 49 For that cause this honour ought to be graunted to the bishop of Constantinople, that he maye be called the universall of all prelates and the bishop of bishoppes. 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (1720) HI. 122 Omnipotent Gold has a Power so extensive, that we presume we are not guilty of Hyperbole.. in representing it, as the grand Universal. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. xiv. vii. VI. 528 The primitive word for ‘father’ is so nearly an universal, that [etc.].

13. The universe. Obs. (common 1600-1625). 1569 J. Sanford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 65 b, It is no lesse folie to saye that, in the universall, is but one worlde alone. 159* Sparry tr. Cattan's Geomancie 23 So the Earth .. resteth in the middle of the whole vniuersall. 1613 Chapman Rev. Bussy d' Ambois iii. iv. 72 Hee that striues t’inuert The Vniuersals course with his poore way. 1628 Feltham Resolves ii. Iviii. 168 There is a secret chaine in Nature, which drawes the Vniversall to revenge a vice.

t4. A medicament or remedy affecting the whole body or system. Obs. 1656 J. Smith Pract. Physick 119 Gallen commends a Bath after Universals. 1694 Salmon Bate's Dispens. Pref. A 4 b. Russel’s Powder,.. that Fam’d Universal, which for these twenty-five Years last past has obtain’d a general Reputation .. in a manner through the whole World. Ibid. i. xvii. 793/2 If it be used for a Gonorrhoea,.. Universals ought to be premised, that the Body may be cleansed as much as may be.

5. An artificial language invented for universal use by H. Molenaar; also known as Pan-Roman. Cf. sense 3 c of the adj. 1907, etc. [see Pan-Roman, Panroman]. 1928 O. Jespersen International Lang. 40 Among numerous systems

of the same type, but not worked out to the same extent as Neutral, I shall here mention only H. Molenaar’s Universal (1906). 1947 [see NEUTRAL sb. 5].

6. Linguistics. Any of the fundamental rules or features proposed as universal attributes of natural languages (see quots.). 1948 B. W. & E. G. Aginsky in Word IV. 109 What are the universals of language?.. All languages employ sound sequences in which may be discerned a limited number of recurring types of speech-sound segments. These .. are meaningless .., but enter into the meaningful units of form, the morphemes. All languages employ such morphemes in sequences. 1964 Katz & Postal Integrated Theory of Linguistic Descriptions i5o A formal universal is a specification of the form of a statement in a linguistic description, while a substantive universal is a concept or set of concepts out of which particular statements in a linguistic description are constructed. 1965 N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax i. 28 The study of linguistic universals is the study of the properties of any generative grammar for a natural language. Jbtd., It is useful to classify linguistic universals us formal or substantive. A theory of substantive universals claims that items of a particular kind in any language must be drawn from a fixed class of items. 1972 Hartmann & Stork Diet. Lang. & Linguistics 2^5/z Examples of universals are the conventional character of language.., the duality of transmission and reception, the presence of names and deictic elements. A distinction is sometimes made between substantive universals. i.e. features of sound substance such as the phonological elements .. and formal universals which are made explicit by the linguist in the form of grammatical rules. 1973 Language XL. 178 It seems to be a language universal that productive inflectional morphemes are not only very short, but also employ a reduced inventory of phonemes.

|[univer'salia, sb. pi. ? Obs. [L., neut. pi. of universalis-, see prec.] An official letter or proclamation issued by one in authority to all the states or nobles of Poland, esp. one convening the national diet. Also erron. as sing. (quot. 1772). 1708 Land. Gaz. No. The Grand General has.. publish’d his Universalia, to exhort the Confederate Estates to continue firm in their Adherence to each other. 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 551 The Primate.. dispatches his universalia to the several provinces. 1772 Hartford Merc. Suppl, 18 Sept. 4/1 General Haddick is going to publish an Universalia.

univer'saUan, a.

rare.

[f. universal a.

+

-IAN.] Universalist, universalistic. Also spec. = universalistic a. 1. 1837 W. Jenkins Ohio Gazetteer 357 It has .. three houses for public worship (methodist, presbyterian, and universalian). 1852 J. Reynolds Hist. Illinois 327 He is one of the Universalian Baptists, 1853 E. G. Holland Mem.J. Badger xi. (1854) 205 [Calvinism’s] bold premises were the foundation of the plea of its opposite extreme, — the Universalian statement.

uni'versalism.

[f. as prec. Cf. F. universalisme.] 1. The fact or quality of being concerned with or interested in all or a great variety of subjects; universality of knowledge. in Blackm. Mag. (1882) CXXXI. 119 1 he all-meanmgness and thin-blown bladdery universahsms of the lectures. 1838 Neto Monthly Mag. LIV. 132 I he full-blown facility of modern universalism. 1877 Morley Cm. Msr. Ser. ii. 247 That weak kind of univei^ahsm t^ich nullifies some otherwise good men. Coleridge

1. Iheol. The beliefs or special views held by the Universalists; the doctrine of universal salvation or redemption. 180S J. Spaulding a,t/e)

Universalism Confounds and

Destroys Itself. 1840 G. S. Faber Christ's Disc. Capernaum

224 A tremendously wide and long enduring Apostasy .. is ..rhetorically spoken of in terms which literally import Universalism. 1864 J. Donaldson Crit. Hist. Chr. Lit. ^ Doctr. \. 37 Heathen Christianity .. proclaimed all men alike in God’s sight. Paul was the preacher of this universalism. 1871 Mozley Univ. Serm. v. (1876) 112 The waves of universalism .. cannot possibly shake the seat of distributed power and government.

3. The fact or condition of being universal in character or scope; universality. 1835 Leigh Hunt's London Jrnl. ii July22i/i W’hat (if we might take the liberty to coin a word) we would call the universalism of the Homeric poetry. 1840 T. Gordon tr. Menzel's Germ. Lit. HI. 288 Poetical Universalism.— Herder. 1882 Athen^um 14 Oct. 490/1 It is, indeed, somewhat doubtful whether the religion of Rome did not approach universalism almost as much as Islam. 1883 Fairbairn City of God ill. i. 230 This is .. the universalism of Jesus Himself... He belongs to humanity, not to Israel. Ibid. 240 The universalism of the person has its counterpart in the universalism of the words.

b. Spec, in SocioL and Econ., contrasted with PARTICULARISM 5 b and REGIONALISM I. 1939 "T' Parsons in Social Forces May 462/2 The fact that the central focus of the professional role lies in a technical competence gives a very great importance to universalism in the institutional pattern governing it. 1947 - Weber's Theory Social ^ Econ. Organization 72 Ethical universalism, the insistence on treatment of all men by the same generalized, impersonal standards. 1955 Bull. Atomic Sci. Apr. 142 The humanitarian theme of the two preceding centuries certainly persisted, but universalism yielded step by step to national particularism.

uni'versalistt sb. and a. [f. as prec. + -ist. Cf. F. universaliste, G. universalist.] A. sb. 1. a. TheoL One who believes or maintains the doctrine that redemption or election is extended to the whole of mankind and not confined to a part of it; spec, in U.S., a member of a sect or Church holding this doctrine. 1626 tr. Parallel A ij. The error of the Vniuersalists is too vniuersally dispread. 1648 O. Howe (title), The Vniversalist examined and convicted, destitute of plaine Sayings of Scripture. 1684 Burnet Trav. i. (1750) 58 Some Assertors both in Geneva and Switzerland, who denied the Imputation of Adam’s Sin, and asserted the Universality of Christ’s Death, together with a sufficient Grace given to all Men... These came to be called Universalists. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v., The Arminians are particularly denominated Universalists. 1773 Wesley Wks. (1872) X. 425 Bishop Ridley, Hooper, and Latimer.. were firm Universalists. 1805 J. Spaulding Universalism 150 These Universalists pretend to be the foremost in extolling the grace of God. 1853 Bp. S. Wilberforce Let. in Li/e (1881) 11.211 That you therefore do.. revive the old doctrine of the Universalists. 1861 Contrib. Eccl. Hist. Connecticut 278 Attempts., to gather a congregation of Universalists for public worship. b. transf. One who believes in the brotherhood

of all men in a manner not subject to national allegiances. 1944 [see REGIONALIST], 1952 V. Gollancz My Dear xii. 11 o A universalist is a person for whom nations don’t exist, only persons. 1955 Times 25 Aug. yjz It seemed unfair to call him an expatriate, for he was a true universalist. It is as a man who loves his fellow men .. that Mr. MacDonald has succeeded in being a one-man civilizing factor in this territory. Timothy

12. A believer in or maintainer of the universality of the Roman Catholic Church. Obs.-^ 1644 Featly Roma Ruens 29 To this poynt I earnestly desire particular satisfaction, which I have not yet received from any Roman Catholike, or universalist (as they would be called).

3. One who in respect of a specified thing acts with universality or uniformity, rare. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. iii. xx. 172 A true Christian should be a perfect Universalist, he should be universally against all Sin, and universally for All Duty.

14. One who uses universals or universal propositions. Obs. — ^ 1680 Baxter Answ. Stillingfi. Pref. A 3 Universallists, that can prove me to be an Ass, because 1 am an Animal.

5. a. One who is supposed to have, or pretends to, a knowledge of all things; a person who is devoted to many subjects or sciences, as opposed to a specialist, a universal scholar. 1713 Bentley Freethinking iii. 11 A modern Free-thinker is an Universalist in Speculation: any Proposition whatsoever he’s ready to decide. 1800 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. ■ 154 All subjects were alike to this universalist. 1830 S. H. Cassan Bps. Bath & Wells ii. 172 He was an Universalist in the best sense of the word; and not a smatterer in various sciences. 1881 Nature XXIV. 35^ The gold of a universalist is apt to shrink down into dross when tested in the crucible of a specialist. b. One who has many occupations, interests,

etc. 1801 Sporting Mag. XVHI. 104 You’ll find I’m an universalist; i.e. a Professor of all trades.

6. One who regards something as a whole and not from one particular point of view. 1892 E. C. Stedman Nat. Poetry iv. 142 The best critic, then, is the universalist, who sees the excellence of either phase of expression according as it is natural to one’s race and period.

B. adj. Universalistic. 1819 Universalist Mag. 21 Aug. 32/3 Pastor of the First Independent Church of Christ, called Universalist, in Philadelphia. 1859 Allibone Diet. Eng. Lit. I. log Ballon, Rev. Hosea,., a prominent Universalist minister. 1877 J. E.

UNIVERSALISTIC CARPENTtR ir. Title's Hist. Relig. 89 The universaiist monotheism of the Gospel, which has entirely broken down the bounds of nationalin*.

universa'listic, a. [f. prec. + -ic.] 1. Theol. Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, L’niversalism or the Universalists. 1847 R. \V. Hamilton Rtuards S? Punishm. vii. 389 A strong defence of the universalistic doctrine. 1887 E. Anttqua Mater 219 The Gnostics, sharing the universalistic aspirations of the rime

Johnson

2. Of, pertaining or extending to, including or affecting, the whole of something, esp. the whole of mankind; inclined to be universal in scope or character. Also transf. Universalistic Hedonism, Utilitarianism. 1872 Contemp. Rev. XIX. 664 .A .. s>*ncrerion of Egoistic and Universalistic Hedonism. 1878 Morley Diderot fl. 207 Holbach is a universalistic and not an egoistic Hedonist. 1882 Athenseum 11 Feb. 184 i The universalistic tendencies of the great empires. 1886 Encycl. Brit XX. 370,1 Universalistic religious communities: Islam, Buddhism. Christianity.

universality (.iu^nn-si’saelin). [a. F. universalite, OF. unitersaliteit (14th c.; = It. universalita^ Sp. -idad, Pg. -tdade)y or ad. late L. unhersdlitas (Boethius), f. L. universalis: see universal a, and -ITY.] 1. 1. The fact or quality* of extending over, existing in, or belonging to the whole (of something expressed in or implied by the context); esp. extension, occurrence, preval¬ ence, or diffusion throughout the whole world, everywhere, or in all things. fi374 Ch.accer Boeth. v. pr. v. (1868) 169 \>zx is..I»at rcsoun lokel> and comprehendip by resoun of v'niuersalite [L. in ratione univ'ersitatis], hope l»at pst is sensible and I>at I>at is ymaginable. 1587 Golding De Mornay 351 All men knowe, that checfly .Auerrhoes vrgeth the etemirie of the World, and the vniuersalitie of one onely Mynd. 1589 PiTTENHA.M Eng. Potsit 1. ix. (.Arb.) 38 The Nobilitie and dignitie of the Art considered aswell by vniuersalitie as antiquitie. 1624 H. Mason Art of Lying ii. 25 Persons claimeth .. Universality, Antiquir>', and Consent, for this.. \pstan fancie of their o^^'ne. 1686 Caldscell Papers (Maitl. Cl.) I. 168 The French language, being, because of its universalitie, so vciy necessarie for converse. 1707 Mortimer Hush. 501 The Planting of Fruit-Trees;.. and the Advantages of it, which consist.. in the Universality' of it, there being hardly any Soil, but one sort.. or other may be raised on them. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 78 God .. cannot depart from.. that universality of essence, by and in which alone all essences subsist. 1811 Pinkerton Petrol, p. xxxri. Experiments more and more erincc the universality of iron. Z079 Farr.ar St. Paul II. 266 He has shown the universality' of guilt, and the universality of grace.

b. Of a church or religion, esp. Roman Catholicism: Extension to the whole world or all men. Freq. in 17th cent.; now rare or Obs. ? 1559 .A. P. tr. Vincent of Lirins' Golden Treatise (title-p.). The antiquitie, and \*niuersalirie, of the Catholicke Religion. *574 Whitgift Def. Aunstc. ii. 106 This strengthneth the Papistes vniversalirie. 1608 Willet Hexapla Exod. 551 Vniuersalitie and multitude.. is no good rule to know the right church.. by. Sir T. P. Blount Ess. 90 That thing call’d Vniversality^ is so slight an Evidence of Truth, that even Truth itself is asham’d of it. 1728 Ch.ambers Cycl. S. V., The Catholicks assert the Universality of their Church, both as to Time, and Persons. 1730 J. Denne {title). Want of Universality no just Objection to the Truth of the Christian Religion. 1874 Green Short Hist. ix. §i He dismissed with contempt the accepted test of universality.

+ c. Of persons with reference to power or authorin' (see univers.al a. 2). Obs. 1620 T. Gr.anger Off. Logike 228 Gregory pronounced the same of lohn Patriarch of Constantinople affecting \Tiiucrsalitic. 1661 Morg.an Sph. Gentry ill. vii. 67 The pope, who hath usurped the Universality’, will have his triple Crown, to signihe his dominion over the Universe.

2. The fact or quality* of extending or applying to, affecting or prevailing among, all the members of a class of persons or things; relation to or inclusion of all individuals, cases, or instances. 1577 Harrison England ii. xix. (1877) i. 307 If a man may presentlie giue a ghesse at the vniuersalitie of this euill. 1634 T. Norton's Calvin's Inst. Table of Contents, TTie universality of the promises of salvation maketh nothing against the doctrine of the predestination of the reprobate. 1695 J. Edvs'.kkds Perfect. Script. 342 The universality of the slaughter. 1764 H.armer Observ. ii. § 17. 75 The tents of the .Arabs are with great universality black. 1771 Sir J. Reynolds Disc. iv. (1778) 113 He might have seen it in an instance or tw'o; and he mistook accident for universality*. 1829 Gen. P. Tho.mpson Exerc. (1842) I. 132 Closely connected with the universality of suffrage, is the opportunity of its frequent exercise. 1873 Holland A. Bonnie, ix. 162 The universality of the influence which they [«•. religious revivals] exert dunng the rime of their highest activirv.

b. Of laws, etc., esp. with reference to validity. 1712 Berkeley Pass. Obed. \Mcs. 1871 III. 138 The universality of this mathematical rule. 1747 Genii. Mag. 120 2 That we are not sure of the universality of this law. 1855 Brewster \etcton I. xiii. 381 Every new comet, every new planet... proclaims the universality of Newton’s philosophy 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 11. xvi. 634 The universality of the l^w of Graritation.

13. The study or contemplation of things from a general point of view. Obs. rare.

UNIVERSALLER

85 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. §5 Another error..is, that after the distribution of particular arts and sciences, men haue abandoned vniuersalitie, or Philosopkiaprima. Ibid. ii. To the King §6 If any man think philosophy and universality to be idle studies, he doth not consider that all professions are from thence served and supplied.

4. The quality or character of extending to or comprehending all or (more usually) a great variety of subjects; unbounded or very^ great versatility* of (mind, genius, etc.). 1765 H. Walpole Vertue's Anted. Paint. III. ii The following [pictures] by Streater.. show the universality of his talent. 1818-9 Uady Morgan Autobiog. (1859) 203 His gigantic labours.. indicate the universality of the highest order of mind. 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. 17 .A man .. of that peculiar universality of genius which forms.. a handy fellow. 1871 ‘!VI. Legrand’ Cambr. Freshm. 112 The universality of my friend’s mind.

b. Capacity for, knowledge of, interest in, all or many things or pursuits; width or extensiv'eness of understanding, knowledge, or sy^mpathy. 1831 C.arlyle Sort. Res. ii. iv, Whereby..the vague universality’ of a Man shall find himself ready-moulded into a specific Craftsman. 1855 Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1870) I. 375 Perhaps there may be a universality* in his face. 1856 R. A. VAUGHA.N' Mystics I. 7 One quality in Gower I have always especially liked,—his universality*. 1862 Macm. Mag. 240 The universality* of the heart, which enables them to feel for, and make allowances for all. 1900 £. Holmes What is Poetry? 65 Universality, not individuality*, is of the essence of the poet’s genius.

c. The fact of knowing everybody or a large number of persons; extensiveness of (acquaintance). 1791 P.AINE Rights of Man 89 By the universality* of his acquaintance. 1838 Ticknor in Life, etc. (1876) II. ix. 182 He added, that he himself had never seen him so as to know him..; a curious fact, considering Roger’s owm universality.

II. 5. The entire or w'hole body or number, the whole, of the people, a nation, mankind, etc., regarded collectively; also, the bulk or mass of the people. Now* arch. (Cf. university 2.) 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. 7 Shall the whole vniuersalitie of the world be without this prerogatiue? 1588 Copy of a Letter in Harl. Misc. (1809) II. 82 The universality of the people through the realm. 1655 Theophania 77 The vast frame of the world may be shaken, and the universality* of nature suffer a change. 1673 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 65 Y* Universallity’ of their Clergie,.. & all their Merchants. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. 163 One mighty City., consisting of the Universality of Cities considered as one. 17^ Strype Ann. Reformation ii. 72 So averse did the universality* of the nation stand against popeiy*. 1737 L. Cl-ARKE Hist. Bible vi, 356/1 Innumerable Acclamations.. by the Universality* of the People. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. §5. 203 The consent of the prelates, earls, barons, and universality* of the realm.

fb. The whole world; the universe. Obs. rare. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia in. x, What madd furie can ever so enveagle any conceipte, as to see our mortal!.. selves to have a reason, and that this universalitie (whereof we are but the lest pieces) should be utterly devoide thereof? 1593 Q. Eliz. Boeth. III. pr. xii. 72 That God was he that ruld the vniuersalitie by the raynes of goodnes.

fc. The whole people or state; the people in general. Obs. 1614 R.ALEIGH Hist. World v. iii. 496 The Common happinesse of the vniuersalitie. 1644 [H. Parker] Populi 18 TTie Parliament differs many wayes from the rude bulk of the universality*. 1675 MachiavellVs Prince xv*ii. Exorbitant mercy has an ill effect upon the whole universality*.

fd. The whole subject; a matter or subject regarded generally or as a whole. 06^.”^ 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit. II. 5/1, I shall speak first of those wherein this particular Art is most concerned; and as for the others, which relate to the universality, they shall serve by way of epilogue.

6. pi. Something which extends to all the members of a class; a general statement or description, a generality. Obs. a 1591 H. Smith Sinful Man (1592) A 5 To the Heathen hee shewed vniuersalities and antiquities. 1608 D. T[l'vill] Ess. Pol. & Mot. 9 Simple men; who.. beeing vnable to iudge, or conceiue of \Tiiuersalities, suffer themselues.. to be wholly guided by their extemall sense. 1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 210 The deceitful man loueth to walke in vniuersalities or generalities. 1647 Jer, Taylor Lib. Proph. ix. 162 If you can .. determine those great questions which consist much in universalities, then also you may determine the particulars.

fb. A universal panacea. Obs.~^

medicine

or

remedy;

a

1756 Toldervy Hist. 2 Orphans IV. 126 Men who., poyson you with universalities, medicines that are generally ineffectual, and of whose formations they are quite unacquainted.

t7. A collective whole or body, as distinct from one of the parts of which it is composed. (Cf. 5 ) 1622 Breton Strange Sexes C 3 b, Ncare the chiefe Cirie of Nullibi, in an vniuersalitie, in stead of an Vniuersitie,.. there was a deef>c studient in the secrets of Nature. 1642 Viexc Print. Book int. Observat. 8 Kingdome or Regnum denotes an universalitie or body collected. [1875 Poste Gaius II. com. (ed. 2) 290 .As single things can be bequeathed, so can a universality.]

18. Something which exists every where or in all things; a universal being. Obs.—^ 1681 Whole Duty and Universality.

Sations 7 He himself is the prime Unity

,universa'lizable, a. Chiefly Philos, [f. UNIVERSALIZE + -ABLE.] That can be made or

rendered universal; application.

capable

of

universal

1952 A. E. Dunca.n-Jones Butler’s Moral Philos, viii, 171 In order that he shall be said to make a moral judgement, his attitude must be ‘univcrsalisablc’. 1955 Proc. Aristotelian Soc. LV. 170 If too few details are included in the maxims, it will be difficult to find any that will be univcrsalisablc at all. 1977 P. Baelz Ethics & Belief ii. 18 Reasons are impersonal, or inter-personal. They arc logicallv impartial, or universalizable. 1982 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Dec. 1423/4 That a moral imperative should be universalizable seems to be at the heart of what we understand when we understand It as a moral imperative.

Also adv.

uni.versaliza'bility;

.universa'lizably

1952 .A. E. Duncan-Jones Butler's Moral Philos, viii. 173 What we are calling the universaiisability of his attitude consists in his being disposed.. to respond in an equivalent way to people and situations of a given kind, should he come to consider them. 1954 W. D. Ross Kant's Theory of Ethics 33 But the man who tells the lie may well retort to Kant ‘Why should the test of universalizability be applied to my act regarded in this veiy* abstract way, simply as a lie?’ 1963 R. M. Hare Freedom 6? Reason vi. 91 This argument would break dow’n if ‘ought’ were not being used both universalizably and prescriptivcly. 1982 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 July 713/1 ‘Ought’.. commits one to universalizability*, in the sense that if 1 say you ought to do A, I implicitly affirm that everyone ought to do A in identical circumstances.

[f. next + -ation.] The action of the verb; the fact or process of becoming universal. universali'zation.

1798 Monthly Rev. XXVI. 538 A language already so general must, for that very reason, tend to universalization. 1840 G. S. Faber Christ's Disc. Capernaum 225 (A] sentence, which.. would have changed this Apparent Universalization into Real Generalization. 1886 \V. Graha.m Social Problem 13 A universalisation of the practice [of striking] over the entire field of labour. universalize (jumi'vaisalaiz), v. [f. universal a. + -IZE. Cf. F. universaliser, It. -izzare, Pg. -isar.]

1. Irons. To make or render universal; to give a universal character to; to extend to all the members of a class; to apply or appropriate to a class of things, as distinct from the individuals composing it. 1642 H. More Song of Soul ii. ii. in. 7 Can souls chat be thus universalis’d. Begot into the life of God e’re dy? 1664

-Apology 552, I do not speak of the English Church,.. but of..the Reformed Churches in General—so Universalized were my thoughts in that Meditation. 1840 L. Hunt Seer 73/1 Their ideal of a face, let them try to universalise it as they can, is a French one. 1855 Milman Lat. Chr. xiv. iii. VI. 463 The conception by the senses is confused,.. till abstracted, analysed, at once universalised and individualised by the intelligence. 1876 L. Stephen Eng. Th. i8th C. I. 323 We must, then, universalize our terms. absol. a 1853 Robertson Lect. ii. (1858) 185 It is thus that the poets universalize and unite. 1871 Fraser Life Berkeley iii. 77 We cannot even perceive without universalizing.

f2. To imbue with general (in contrast to specific) properties. Obs.~' 1676 Princ. Chymists Lond. 59 Salts distilled from the Soots of Chymnies, arising from different Woods, notw'ithstanding their Alteration by the Ambient Air, and their being (by that Medium) in some measure Universallized.

3. To make of universal application; to bring into universal use. 18^ Crit. Rev. XVI. 499 He must universalize in his empire the given religion which he prefers. 1829 Bentham Justice & Cod. Petit. 102 In the case of circuit business this source of misdecision is purposely established and universalised. 1845 Maurice mot. Philos, in Encycl. Metrop. H. 603/1 To universalize the system of Plato. 1891 [F. C. S. Schiller] Riddles Sphinx 183 If the law of evolution could be really and completely universalized.

b. To extend expanse.

or

spread

over

the

whole

1813 Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV^". 186 To complete and universalize the desolation of the globe. 1875 W. R. Greg Misc. Ess. vi. (1882) 144 Our sewerage system shall be universalized and perfected.

Hence universalized ppL a.; universalizing vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Also uni'versalizer, one who makes universal. 1651 H. More Second Lash in Enthus. Tri., etc. (1656) 179 A free divine *universalized spirit is worth all. 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 64 The unselfish universalized nature of God. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. I. 169 Tlie fourth gospel is essentially a universalised Judaism. 1895 W. M. Ramsay St. Paul xvi. §3. 375 A distinct step towards the Universalised Church. 1853 E. G. Holland Mem.J. Badger xviii. (1854) 372 The active theological minds., may fall under two general classifications which.. w e may call the centralizers and •universalizers. 1811 Bentham Panopt. Corr. Wks. 1843 XIA** engine for the *universalising of Protestantism. 1891 [F. C. S. Schiller] Riddles Sphinx 183 The first case will evidently not bear universalizing. 1836 G. S. Faber Prim. Doctr. Election ii. iii. 306 The attentive reader..will readily perceive their palpably *univcrsalising tenor. 1851 Fraser's Mag. XLIII. 150 .A kind of vagabondizing, universalizing philanthropy. tuni'versaller. Obs.-' [f. universal a. + -erU] One who believes that something is

univ'ersal; a universaiist. 1626 W. Fenner Hid. Manna {i(>S2) 44 Thou that are an Univcrsallcr of Grace.

UNIVERSALLY

86

UNIVERSITY

universally (ju^niVaisali), adv. Also 4 vniuersalliche, 5 vniuerselly, 6 -allye, -allie. [f. as prec. 4- -LY*.] In a universal manner. 1. In every case or instance.

tables .. are almost universally used by the assurance offices. 1875 W. S. Hayward Love agst. World 5 He was universally respected in the county.

1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. ii. (Bodl. MS.), Grauel ..also..haJ? vniuersalliche kinde of druynge and of clensinge. 1530 Palsgr. Introd. p. xvii, That thyng happeneth in the soundyng of thre of theyr vowelles onely, .. and that nat universally, but onely so often as [etc.]. 1544 Exhort, in Priv. Prayers (1851) 565 Universally in all our affairs, whatsoever shall befall unto us. 16x3 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 130 The fat and bloud being vniuersally forbidden them for food. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Del. i. iii. 66 This proportion is not to be taken vniuersally, but commonly for the most part. 1755 Magens Insurances II. 189 All Insurances on expected Gains [etc.]., are universally forbid. 1781 Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxviii. (1787) III. 588 Under the empire of Charlemagne, murder was universally punished with death. 1809 Coleridge Friend 28 Such a Rule, if it were universally established, would encourage the arrogant. 1871 Mozley Univ. Serm. vi. (1876) 122 It would not be true., to say that use was universally accompanied by beauty.

1656 Cowley Praise of Pindar Notes iv. The Fabulous, but universally received Tradition. 1675 Owen Indwelling Sin V. (1732) 43 The constant keeping of the Soul in an universally holy Frame. 01700 Evelyn Diary 13 July 1654, We all din’d at that.. universally-curious Dr. Wilkin’s. 1818 CoBBETT Pol. Reg. XXXIH. 180 The chief reason of this universally evil effect. 1869 Dunkin Midn. Sky 8 The universally-known seven stars in Ursa Major. 1890 ScienceGossip XXVI. 30/1 The universally received opinion.

2. So as to include every individual of a group or number; without exception of any. c 1412 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2454, I wolde that the hye degree Of Chiualrie vniuersally Bare vp his hede. 1496 Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 6 Wollen Clothe,.. by making wherof.. the Dover pepull have moste universally their leving. 1561 T. Norton Calvin s Inst. 111. 210 Not one or two of them, but all the Scholemen vniuersallye. 1590 Greene Never too late (1600) 9 Women are vniuersally mala necessaria, wheresoeuer they be eyther bred or brought vp. 1618 Bolton F/oruj (1636) 141 Spaine never had a disposition to rise universally against us. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacrae III. i. §ii It is hardly conceivable.. how mankind should universally agree in some common sentiments. 1709 Steele Taller No. 46 }P i The Zealots.. fell universally into this Emperor’s Policies. 1798 S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. II. 133 A splendid entertainment, to which the English strangers were universally invited. 1847 G. Harris Life Ld. Hardwicke II. 33 The whole nation was universally against it. 1869 Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 308 They are almost universally malevolent.

3. With extension to every part of a definite whole; in every part or place; everywhere. c 1430 Hoccleve Min. Poems 46 The sonne, of whom hir light Shee [^c. the moon] takith, & it vniuerselly Yeueth vnto the world whan it is nyght. 1577 Holinshed Chron. II. 362/1 Murreyn of cattel beganne..so vniuersally in all places, that no towne nor village escaped free. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq.xvi. 58 Which implies that the Church has a right.. to be universally spred over the face of the Earth. 1664 H. Power Exp. Philos, i. 61 They are universally diffused throughout all Bodies in the World. 1750 tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones p. ix. An age when Superstition universally prevailed. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. V. 188 The opinion.. is universally propagated over all the Nations. 1846 J. Baxter's Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 15 It is an element universally present in nature. 1871 C. Davies Metric Syst. iii. 275 We have universally the Winchester bushel. 1872 Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 15 Universally distributed through the vein.

t4. So as to affect the whole or every part of something expressed or implied; all over. Obs. c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 1357 Hesuffered patiently .. To be woundid vniuersally with scowrges, nayles, & spere. 1580 Blundevil Horsemanship iii. 72 If he be vexed with an ague, or with anie other disease, vniuersallie hurting his bodie. 1734 tr. Rollin'sAnc. (1827) IX. 154 The whole city continued universally in flames. 1758 J. S. Le Drati's Observ. Surg. (177O 3^ The Child seemed to be universally swelled. 1793 Minstrel II. 159 The storm.. universally chilled her frame. 1805 Emily Clark Banks of Douro II. 280 She trembled so universally, that Lucy gave her some.. water to drink.

fb. Inclusively, all together. Obs.-^ 1673 Cave Prim. Chr. iii. i. 221 Himself, family, and house [were] universally burnt to ashes.

5. Logic and Metaph. In relation to all the members of a class or genus; in the manner of a universal proposition or concept (see universal a. 11), *55* T'- Wilson Logike G vi b. The argument is euermore made from the generall, to the kynde vniuersally. 1620 T. Granger Div. Logike ii. vi. The predicate is in the Subiect vniuersally, that is, in euery subiect of the same kind. 1678 CimwoRTH Intell. Syst. 67 The Essences of singular Bodies .. being Abstracted from those Bodies themselves are cons^er’d Universally. 1697 tr. Burgersdicius' Logic i. xxxi. 122 The enunciation universally first is only that in which the predicate agrees or convenes with the subject. 1725 WAj^S Logic II. ii. (1726) 152 Mankind .. generally have an Inclination to magnify their Ideas, and to talk roundly and universally concerning any thing they speak of. 182s Whately Logic in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) I. 200/1 The term necessary to life is affirmed of food, but not universally for It IS not said of every kind of food.

b. In relation to, in respect of, all the things or subjects of the same class or kind, 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Pref. p. xiii. Being almost universally a Linguist. 1741 Kames Decis. Crt. Sess. C73P'52 (1799) 37 The defender’s possession of the estate subjected him universally to the predecessor’s debts.

6. With respect to.every individual of a class; by, among, to, etc., all the persons concerned 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. ii. §51 Which was a design willingly heard, and universally grateful. 1667 Milton P.L. IX. 542 Thy Celestial Beautie.., there best beheld Where universally admir’d. 1726 Swift Gulliver ii. vii, I could not avoid reflecting how universally this talent was spread, of drawing lectures in morality .. from the quarrels we raise with nature. 1765 Museum Rust. IV. 344 Rye is generally (nay universally. I think) allowed to be a better bearer than wheat. 1804 Med. Jrnl. XII. 397 As to my third assertion, its truth is so universally known, that all proof is unnecessary'. 1838 De Morgan Ess. Probab. 167 These

7. With adjs. hyphened,)

or

pa.

pples.

(Sometimes

uni'versalness. [f. as prec. + -ness.] quality of being universal; universality.

The

1561 T. Norton Calvin's Instit. III. 310 The vniuersalnesse of y« promise. 1587 Golding De Mornay Pref. XXX, The vniuersalnesse of this consent. 1642 H. More Song of Soul II. 1. ii. 46 They’ll object Gainst th’ universalnesse of this clear notion, a 1680 Charnock Attrib. God (1834) 5^ The universalness of his knowledge. 1880 ScHAFF Person of Christ 158 The universalness of his character and mission. 1880 Longm. Mag. July 255 The apparent universalness of what is presented to them in quantity.

tuni'versalty. Obs.-^ [f. universal a. + -tyL] Universality. 1567 Maplet Gr. Forest 29 Not onely intending an Aegemonie which we onely promised and is but the chiefest part, but an vniuersaltie which is ye whole.

univer'sanimous, a. nonce-wd.

[Irreg. f. L. univers-us universal + animus mind.] Universally or completely unanimous. 1862 Lowell Biglow P. Ser. ii. ii. ffa Though the learned are not agreed as to the particular dialect employed by Theocritus, they are universanimous.. as to its rusticity.

univer'sarian. rar€~^. [Cf. next and

-arian,]

One who belongs to the universe in respect of knowledge (see quot.). 1880 Times (weekly ed.) 16 April, If a mind open to new ideas, no matter whence they come, is to be termed ‘cosmopolite’, then every thinking being must be a universarian.

denounced as such by the universe of mind, a X854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets ii. (1857) 62 To trace the associations between the universe of sense and the spiritual life within us. X87X E. F. Burr Ad. Fidem xv. 299 A universe of light and color—a universe of sound.

d. universe of discourse: the totality of entities under consideration; all those that the terms of a proposition may refer to. Also absoL, and (as universe) in Statistics, = population^ 2d. 1849 A. De Morgan in Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. VIII. 380 By not dwelling upon this power of making what we may properly (inventing a new technical name) call the universe of a proposition, or of a name, matter of express definition, all rules remaining the same, writers on logic deprive thenriselves of much useful illustrations. Ibid., Let the universe in question be ‘man’: then Briton and alien are simple contraries. x88x J. Venn Symbolic Logic vi. 128 We must be supposed to know the nature and limits of the universe of discourse with which we are concerned... If w’e are talking of ordinary phenomena we must know whether we refer to them without limit of time and space. X896 ‘L. Carroll’ Symbolic Logic I. 11. iii. 14 The Genus, of which [the] Terms [of a Proposition] are Species, is called its ‘Universe of Discourse’. X898 A. N. Whitehead Treat. Universal Algebra I. ii. v. no If we extend the Universe of self-evident propositions either by some natural or conventional definition, we may extend the conception of conversion. X91X G. U. Yule Introd. Theory Statistics ii. 17 For actual work on any given subject, no term is required to denote the material to which the work is so confined... But for theoretical purposes some term is almost essential to avoid circumlocution. The expression the universe of discourse, or simply the universe, used in this sense by writers on logic, may be adopted. X939 A. E. Treloar Elements Statistical Reasoning i. 8 Such a type of selective sampling from this universe is wholly impossible. X967 G. Wills in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Management TechnoL 191 Numbers of calls made by sales representatives is a meaningless item of statistics unless it can be related to.. the total universe of outlets which can handle such a product. 1972 Science 23 June 1306/2 The universe of discourse is severely restricted in this jargon. X975 Brit. Jrnl. Social. XXVI. 37 The universe from which the sample was drawn was all Royal Navy officers stationed in England.

3. a. The world or earth, esp. as the place of abode of mankind or as the scene of human activities.

1816 in N. & Q. 9th Ser. XU. (1903) 365/2 This first Stone of the Royal Universary Infirmary for Children.

ib^o R. Johnson's Kingd. ^ Commw. 134 Such a bridge, that without exception, it may worthily be accounted the admirablest Monument, and firmest erected Collosseum (in that kinde) of all the Vniverse. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1720 I. 89 No People in the Universe know better. X704 {title). The Present State of the Universe. X765 Blackstone Comm. I. 6 A land, perhaps the only one in the universe, in which political or civil liberty is the very end and scope of the constitution. X791 Hampson Mem. J. Wesley III. 96 [Wesley] took the universe for his parish. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. 339 Who all our green and azure universe Threatenedst to muffle round with black destruction.

universe ('ju:niv3:s).

b. transf. The inhabitants mankind in general.

sb. and a. rare. [f. L. univers~us UNIVERSAL a. or univers-um universe 56.] t A. sb. The whole body or number of something. Obs.~^ uni'versary,

a 1604 Hanmer Chron. Ireland (1633) 205 He injoyned the collegiat Vicars of Kilkenny to celebrate the universary and aniversary of the reverend fathers his predecessors.

B. adj. Of or pertaining to, open to, all.

Also 5 vniuerse, 6 -uers, 7 univers. [a. F. univers (12th c.; = Sp., Pg., It, universo), ad. L. universum sb., the whole world, orig. neut. sing, of universus all taken collectively, universal, f. unus uni- and versus^ pa. pple. of vertere to turn.] fl. in universe, universally, of universal application. Obs.-^ c 1374 Chaucer Troylus in. 36 Ye folk a lawe han sette in vniuerse; And pis know I by hem pat loueres be, pat whoso stryueth with 30W hath pe worse.

2. a. The whole of created or existing things regarded collectively; all things (including the earth, the heavens, and all the phenomena of space) considered as constituting a systematic whole, esp. as created or existing by Divine power; the whole world or creation; the cosmos. 1589 Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. xi. (Arb.) iii The Roundell or spheare.. for his ample capacitie doth resemble the world or vniuers. 1596 Spenser Hymn Heav. Beauty 31 Looke on the frame Of this wyde vniuerse, and therein reed The endlesse kinds of creatures. 1611 B. Jonson Catiline i. \ ^ ^ thunder now, as loud As to be heard throughout the universe, To tell the world the fact. 1656 Cowley Davideis i. 800 Dull Earth with its own Weight did downwards pierce To the fixt Navel of the Universe. 1738 Swift Pol. Conversat. 63, I wou’dn’t touch a Man’s Flesh for the Universe. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. I. 149 That active power of Nature which fills the Universe. 18x7 Byron Manfred 11. ii. m She had..The quest of hidden knowledge, and a mind To comprehend the universe. 1843 fenny Cycl. XXVI. 18/1 Theory of the Universe,.. what is known of the general arrangement of planets, stars, etc. and of their connexion with one another X87X Morley Carlyle in Crit. Misc. Ser. i. 216 The same sense of the puniness of man in the centre of a cruel and frowning universe.

b. With a and pi. Also const, of (something). X667 Milton P.L. ii. 622 A Universe of death, which God by curse Created evil. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude xiv. 160 • l’i* , '^^^herse of death For that which moves with light and life informed. X837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. i. ii, 1 o Newton and to Newton’s Dog Diamond, what a ditterent pair of Universes! X872 Mozley Mirac. (ed. 3) P- XXVI, These two schools of minds live indeed in dmerent universes. universe (quot. 1674) = microcosm i. X674 Mi^on P.R. IV. 459 As.. harmless, if not wholsoi as a sneeze To mans less universe. X728 Chambers Cycl. s Umversity, They are call’d Universities, or Un^ivers

SchMls, by reason the four Faculties are supposed to ma the World or Universe of Study. 1821 Shelley Epipsyt 589 Into the height of Love’s rare Universe. 1847 J. Kn Cloud Dispelled iv. 67 His conduct is false, and will 1

of the

earth;

Johnson's Debates (1787) H. 222 The decline of that power which has so long intimidated the universe. Ibid. 230 That wisdom .. which .. the greatest part of the universe will remember with gratitude. X774 Goldsm. Retal. 31 Here lies our good Edmund,.. Who, born for the universe,.. to party gave up what was meant for mankind. X843 Carlyle Past Pr. III. viii, ‘Go to, ..thou shalt pay due debt!’ shouts the Universe to them.

Hence 'universeful, as many or as much as the universe will hold. X891 J. Orr Chr. View of God & World (1893) 374 A whole universefull of other spiritual beings. universitarian Guinivarsi'teansn), a. [f. as next

+ -arian.] Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, obtaining in, a university. 1834 F. Mahony in Fraser's Mag. X, 317/1 Awfully ludicrous were the dying convulsions of the old universitarian system. 1858 Almae Matres 44 No wars between privileges collegiate and universitarian. X872 Mrs. Oliphant Mem. Montalembert II. 44 The desire that this universitarian teaching should be above reproach.

Hence universi'tarianism, the educational method or system characteristic of or prevailing in a university; advocacy of or preference for this. iSSg Jrnl. Educ. i Sept. 479/1 At the risk of being accused of classicism, or universitarianism, I must confess that believe in a certain amount of classical work.

I do

uni'versitary, a. rare. [f. universit-y + -ary‘.

Cf. F. universitaire (1835).] Of the nature of, having the character of, a university. 1889 Cath. News. 26 Oct. 5 The half-ecclesiastical, halfuniversitary French College of Tunis. Iluni'versitas. Scots Law. [L.; see next.] The whole (of an estate or inheritance). 1765-8 [see UNIVERSAL a. 2b]. 1838 W. Bell Diet. Law 467 Things, in their nature heritable, may become moveable by being made part of a moveable unwersitas. 1888 Ld. Macnaghten in Lam Rep. Ho. Lords XHI. 383 The legacies are to be paid out of the universitas of the testator’s estate. Scot.

umversity Gumi'vsisiti), s6. Forms: 6 vniuersite, 5 -versite, 5-6 -uersitee, 4-5 vnyuersite(e, 5-6 -uersyte(e; 5-7 vniuersitie (6 Sc. wni-), 6 -tye, vnyuersytye, -tie, 7 vniuersity, -versity, 6-7 universitie, 7- university. See also VARSITY, VERSITY. [a. AF. universite, universete, univercyte, OF. universitei, universiteit, universite (13th c.; mod.F. universite, = Pr.

UNIVERSITY unirersitat. It. universita, Sp. universidad, Pg. ~idade\ also in sense i MDu. universitet, MDu. and Du. universiteit, MG., MLG. universitete, MHG. universitety G. universitaty Dan., Sw. urth'er$itet): — L,. ilniversitat-y universitds, (i) the whole, entire number, universe, (2) in later and mediaeval Latin (chiefly in legal use), a society, company, corporation, or community regarded collectively: f. L. universus (see universe).] I. 1. a. The whole body of teachers and scholars engaged, at a particular place, in giving and receiving instruction in the higher branches of learning; such persons associated together as a society or corporate body, with definite organization and acknowledged pow'ers and privileges (esp. that of conferring degrees), and forming an institution for the promotion of education in the higher or more important branches of learning; also, the colleges, buildings, etc,, belonging to such a body. In recent use, const, without article: at (or to) universityy etc. Sometimes, especially in former use, synonymous with see collkge sh. 4 c. C1300 St. Edmund in 5. Eng. Leg. I. 438/256 So J?at he bigan at Oxenford of diuinite, So noble aloscd l>er nas non in al vniucrsite. Ibid. 439/278 He bigan so deope desputi of l>e trinite, bat gret wonder me hadde purf a! pe vniuersite. f 1384 ? Wvci.iF W'As.(i88o) isyHepene mennus lawis and worldly clerkis statutis ben red in vnyuersitees. c 1400 Rom. Rose 6769 At Pary’s.. he had .. The accorde of the vniuersite, And of the puple as semeth me. c 1425- [sec college sb. 4]. c 1450 Godstow Reg. 438 The house.. that Robert of Staunton held of the vnyuersite of Oxenford. 1509 Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 301 The studyentes of bothe the vnyuersytees. 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Earn. I.,ove 40 They labour to put out the eyes of this land (the Vniuersityes I meane). 1644 Milton Educ. 3 This place should be at once both School and University. 1661 Lamplugh in Extr. St. Papers Friends Ser. 11. (1911) 126 University, Town and Country are far more active and vigilant then before. 1702 Luttrell Brie/(1857) V. 145 A patent., for founding an university.., to be called king Williams university. 1725 Bailey Erasm. Colloq. (1733) 259 Are you going to I..ouvain to see the University? 1785 J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 530 He is anxious to study some time at your university [= Hansard College] before he begins the study of law. 1840 Carlyle Heroes v. (1858) 305 Universities are a notable, respectable product of the modern ages. 1856 Stanley Sinai & Pal. x. 364 The great Jewish university which rendered Tiberias for three centuries the metropolis of the race. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. 46 The university of the chancellor, masters, and scholars, is one corporation, and each of the colleges distinct and independent societies. 1959 Listener 22 Jan. 153/2 Is the son of a miner working-class, suppose he has gone to university. Ibid. 5 Mar. 405/2 At school or at university. 1968 New Society 22 Aug. ztbjz ‘He’s at university’ (very widely used) is certainly non-U. college:

h.fig. and transf. Also in phr. the university of lifOy the experiences of life, considered as a means of instruction. Cf. the school of hard knocks s.v. SCHOOL sb.^ 4 b. 1595 Locrine in. iii, I think you were broght vp in the vniuersitie of bridewell; you haue your rhetorick so ready at your toongs end. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 386 To be admitted into that great vniuersitie, where He, which is the doctour of the chaire, Christ lesus, will [etc.]. 1615 {title), A Catalogue or Table of all the Arts and Sciences read and taught in this University of London. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. 11. xiii, Man,.. by infusion wise;.. Chanc’llor install’d of Eden’s University. C1852 J. Gibson in Biog. (1911) iii. 28 He looked upon Rome as the great University of Sculpture. 1863 Miss Braddon Aurora Floyd xxxi, In the London universities of crime. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 215 None of these young gentlemen was absolutely necessary at that ovine university [= a sheep-station.] 1959 A. Glyn I can take it All i. 12 A revolting cliche like ‘educated in the University of Life’. 1972 [see life 56. i2d]. 1978 P. Hill Enthusiast iii. 25 Bob..had the chance to educate him in the real world of people, in the university of life.

c. University of the Air: t(/>/. a. (un-* io.) 1679 J. Goodman Penit. Pard. i. iii. (1713) 65 Those strong, but unjudging faculties,.. have an inclination to such things. 1712 Blackmore Creation m. 644 You may.. with a different cant the unjudging ear amuse.

un'judicable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 897 These Sovereign Legislative Powers, may be said to be Absolute also, ..as being.. Un-Judicable or Un-Censurable by any Humane Court.

unju'dicial, a- (un-* 7, 5 b.) *599 Warn. Faire Worn. i. 34 You have.. Some odd ends of old jests scrap’d up together, To tickle shallow unjudicial ears. 1867 Sat. Rex\ 6 Apr. 436/2 A vigour which almost reaches vehemence, but which is never unscholarlike or unjudicial. 1894 Daily News 15 June 3/3 Infusing into it a very unjudicial amount of sentiment and passion.

unju'dicially, adv. (un-* ii, 5b; cf. prec.) ou.. latis )?ame [xc. the feet] spill for defaute of kepynge - unarayede, unkepide, and noghte tente to as pam aughte for to be, —thou pleses Hym noghte. ri440 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 57 Lond vnkept and insolent. CI450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 514 Sho hir childe saw vnkepyd. And wante l?at he w’as wonte to haue. 1469 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 336 That they goo to noon other labore and lewe the gye rope unkepit. 1600 Shaks. A. Y.L. 1. i. 9 He keepes me rustically at home, or (to speak more properly) staies me heere at home vnkept. 1611 Florio, Incustodito, vnkept, not looked vnto. b. Unguarded, undefended. C1400 Destr. Troy 1085 The kyng had no knawlache.. Of the folke so furse,.. For-l>i vnkeppit were pe. costes all pe kythe ouer. 1611 Florio, Suadata, open, vnkept, free for all men. 2. Not observed or obeyed; disregarded. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 38 Certis l?ei.. maken hem .. to leue holy writt vnstudied, vnknoud & vnkept. C1440 Jacob's Well 154 He .. is for-sworn, for truthe vnkept & othe brokyn is all on. 1513 Douglas JEneid iv. x. 61 Allace! vnkeipit is the trew cunnand. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. xiv. §5 Many things generally kept heretofore, are now., vnkept and abolished euerywhere. 1623 Sanderson Serm. (1632) 151 Lawe8..are farre better vnmade, then vnkept. 3. Not Stored up. 1842 Tennyson Will Waterproof Whether the vintage, yet unkept, Had relish fiery-new. tunker, pron. Obs. [OE. uncer (gen. of wit we two), = OHG. unker, uncher, OS. unkero, Goth. *ugkara, ON. okkarr (Icel. okkar).'\ Of us two. In quot. a 1300 apparently for inker ‘of you two’. c 1205 Lay. 23665 And whaOer unker pe ge6 abake:.. beo he in aelche londe iqueSe for ane sconde. 01250 Owl & Night. 151 Hwy neltu fleon into [j?e] bare and schewi hwej>er vnker beo Of brihtur hewe of fayrur bleo. o 1300 Havelok 1882 Roberd! William! hware ar ye? Gripeth eyper unker a god tre. t 'unker, poss. a. Obs. [OE. uncer (cf. prec.), = OS. unka, ON. okkarr.'^ Belonging to us two. C1200 Ormin Ded. 80 shulenn lastenn haej>eli3 Off unnkerr swinne, lef brof>err. C1205 Lay. 8891 Ilaest ich habbe pe..a\ J>et ich pe bi-hehte bi-foren vnkere cnihten. 0 1250 Owl & N. 1689 Ah hit wes vnker uoreward .. pat we [etc.]. un'kerchiefed, a. (un-' 9.) [1775 Ash.] 1781 CowPER Truth 137 With bony and unkerchief d neck. 1812 Cary Dante, Pu.rg. xxiii. 95 [Lest] The unblushing dames., bare Unkerchiefd bosoms to the common gaze. 0 1851 Moir Poems, Highl. Ret. xi. Before him she reclined In half unkerchief d loveliness. un'kernelled, a. (un-^ 9.) 1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Reh. Transp. 189 An empty and unkernel’d shell. 1827 Pollok Course T. ix. 972 Nor failed [Satan] to misadvise his.. faith, by false unkerneled promises. unkert, unket, dial. varr. unkard, unked a. tunketh, a. Obs. Also 3-4 onekejj, 4-5 unkythe. [var. ME. uncoth. see uncouth a. and cf. unked.] Unknown, strange. 0 1275 Prov. JElfred 535 in O.E. Misc. 133 Elde cumid to tune, mid fele unkej>e costes. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6758 Mid lute oneke>> folc to engelond he drou. c 1400 Destr. Troy 3325 Weikenes of wemen may not wele stryve, ..And nomely in an unkythe lond ne^s horn so. c 1510 Lytell Geste Robyn Hode 24 (W. de W.), To dine I have no lust, Till I have some bold Baron, Or some unketh guest. 1577 IIonNSHED Chron., Hist. Scotland I. 297/1 Many strange wonders and vnketh sightes were seene in the dayes of this Alexander the thyrde. Hence f unkethness. Obs. 1564 Haward tr. Eutropius x. 108 This unkethenesse of passinge greate good fortune, and successe in his affairs. unkeuer(e, obs. variants of uncover v. un'kevel, [uN-*4b.] trans. To ungag. C1300 Havelok 601 He stirten bo)7e up to the knaue,.. Vnkeueleden him, and swi)>e unbounden. un'key, v. (un-* 4; cf. key v.) 1751 Labelye Westm. Bridge 22 Upon unkeying any one of the Arches the whole Bridge would fall. 1828 Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 183 [No. 3] keys and unkeys the left hand cap-square of the gun-carriage. 1840 Civil Eng. (sf Arch. Jrnl. Ill. 402/1 The labour.. of removing the wheels

1835 Lady Lytton Diary in L. Devey L*/e (1887) 102 My nature must be a happy mixture of asbestos, cast iron, and feline unkillability.

un'killable, a.

(un-* 7 b.)

1878 P. Bayne Purit. Rev. x. 409 Of all the unkitlable lies ..this is perhaps the most toughly immortal. 1885 Daily News 14 July 2 The chickens are so hardy as to be unkillable by the ordinary diseases.

(un-* 8.)

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 586 All his men.. That levand war on lyfe that tyme vnkeild. iS4y Homilies i. Obedience I. N i b. Take away Kynges, Princes, Rulers,.. no man shall slepe in his awne house or bed vnkylled. x6o8 Yorksh. Trag. I. ix. 215,1 repent now that one is left unkill’d; My brat at nurse. X662 Hibbert Body Divinity i. 197 If he sees a snake unkilled, he fears a mischief. X707 Mortimer Husb. 45 Leave no Weeds or Turfs of Grass unkilled or unbroke with your Harrows. x8o2 H. Martin Helen of Glenross 1. 146 Scream ladies; for our pistols are fired, and we unkilled. X842 Thackeray Sultan Stork Wks. 1898 IV. 738 Nor of the latter did there remain any unkilled (if I may coin such a word). X90X G. Douglas Ho. w. Green Shutters 264, I have let him get away unkilled.

un'killing,/>/>/. a.

(un-‘ io.)

1651 W. Jane Eikojv AKXacnos 171 Rebells are harmles, and vnkilling.

un'kilned, ppl. a.

The instruments of

(un-* 8.)

1658 tr. Porta's Nat. Magic vi. vii. 183 Fill an earthern pot with unkill’d lime. X890 Gen. Booth Darkest EnglandVret., If the bricks were merely unkilned clay.

un'kind, a.

[un-' 7. Cf. OE. uncynde, ungecynde (ME. unicunde UN-' 3), Norw. ukyndt.] 11. Strange, foreign. Obs. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 2302 losep .. hem.. tajte wel. And hu he sulden hem best leden, Quene he comen in vnkinde 8eden. X297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7247 Vor j?re kinges were of engelond of vnkunde [u.r. vnkynde] sede. 0 X400 Northern Passion 1554 (Camb. MS.), A vnkynd man sone gan pai mete.

2. a. Of the weather or climate: Not mild or pleasant; ungenial. Now dial, or arch. 0x300 Frag. Pop. Sci. (Wright) 168 He ne mai nevere thanne come bote the w’eder uncunde beo. CX325 Poem temp. Edw. II (Percy Soc.) Ixxvi, Wederyng.. Cold & unkynde. CX330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16541 Al pe folk wyp tempest vnkynde Were slayn. 1580 Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 465 So vnkinde a yeare it hath beene in England, that [etc.]. X733 Tull Horse-Hoeing Husb. xii. 145 Favourable Years will cure the Smut, as unkind ones will cause it. X775 Johnson West. Isl. Wks. X. 488 The climate is unkind and the ground penurious. x8x3 C. Marshall Gardening (ed. 5) xviii. 294 A fourth bed.. would be a greater advantage as to size, especially if the weather is unkind. 1876, x88x in Surrey and Radnor glossaries (s.v. Kind).

t b. Physically unnatural; contrary to the usual course of nature. Obs. 1435 Cov. Leet Bk. 181 Yif he be necligent 8c mysrule his Iron, that he wirkithe, be onkynd hetes or elles in oder maner. C1440 Promp. Parv. 365/2 On-kyynd, or now3t after cowrs of kynde, innaturalis. 1546 Phaer Bk. Children (1553) X ij b, A soueraine medycyne for burning and scaldyng, and all vnkynde heates. x6oi Holland Pliny H. 167 They doe quench and allay thirst, and coole unkind heat. X603 J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos 53 That by their service that fire might not vade. Which vnkind coldnesse else might overlade.

c. Naturally bad or hurtful; unfavourable or unsuitable; untoward. Also const, for or to. Now dial. (esp. of soil). CX425 Lydgate Assem. Gods 1023 Sensualyte.. sewe the felde with hys vnkynde seede. c X450 Lovelich Grail xxxvi. 595 That beste wolde.. ony man qwelle that there-offen ete, it is so vnkynde. And |>erto so hot. X54X R. Copland Galyen's Terap. zAivb, Whiche is..commune to the curatyons of vnkynde humoures. X609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. ii. B8b, The East-wind being cold., is verie vnkind for Bees. x682 W. Hewer Let. to Pepys 13 May, A very unfortunate and unkinde disaster. X762 Mills Pract. Husb. I. 19 The blue, white, and red clay, if strong, are all unkind. X767 A. Young Farmer's Lett, to People 16 The constitutions.. of several countries in Europe, which are unkind to the cultivation of the earth. 1877 in dialect glossaries, etc. {Eng. Dial. Diet.). 1879 Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 169 Gall,..a stiff, wet, ‘unkind’ place in plough-land.

d. Of animals: Not thriving or tending to do so. Now dial.

naturally

x8x4 G. Hanger To all Sportsmen 13 Whenever a horse looks unkind in his coat. X834 Southey Doctor cxliv. If ever he attempts to fatten an unkind beast.

e. dial.

(See quot.)

1866 Brogden Line. Gloss. 216 Unkind, rough or crooked. These poles are very unkind.

13. a. Lacking in natural gratitude or willingness to acknowledge benefits; ungrateful. Obs. rx290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 204/156 3wanc l>ov hast boj>e bodi and soule i3yuen us bi f»inc liue, Saunt faille we nc bcoth nou3t so onkuynde f?at we it ncllcz 3elde pe bliue. 1338 R.

UNKINDFULLY Brunne Chron. (1810) 62 Malcolme .. 3it on Inglond ran, Jje kyng had him auanced, he was an vnkynd man. 1377 Lancl. P. Pi. B. V. 437 'Jif any man..helpeth me at nede, I am vnkyndc a^ein his curtcisye. 1422 Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 205 He is an onkyndc man that denyeth hym to haue recevid a ^ood dede. c 1450 Mirk's Festial 26 l>at scho was vnkynde to hym l>at suffred so moche for hur. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 85 These vnkinde caytiues will scantly him honour, 1576 Lambarde Peramb. Kent 276 Whiche.. inestimable benefites .. if any man .. acknowledge not, he is to to vnkinde. 1649 J. Taylor (Water P.) Western Foy. 6 The Redeemer of unkinde mankinde. absol. 1382 Wyclif Wisd. xvi. 29 The hope of the vnkinde as cold ijs sha! flowen. 1526 Tindale Luke vi. 35 He is kynde vnto the vnkynde.

UNKINDLY

Q2 III. ii. 187 This was the most vnkindest cut of all. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. 1. (1702) I. 6 The abrupt, and unkind breaking off the Two first Parliaments. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 246 IP I 7'he W’ord Imperfection would not carry an unkinder Idea than the Word Humanity. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla III. 432 If she persisted in such unkind and unnatural conduct. i8io Lamb Wks. (1908) I. 78 This was the unkindest blow of all. 1891 Farrar Darkn. & Dawn XXX, A mistress who never addressed to them an unkind word.

tun'kindfully, ntfn. Obs. (un-' ii.) c 1500 Communycacyon (W. de W.) Cj, Without cause ofte thou arte wrothe Unto thy frendes unkyndfully.

tb. Lacking in filial affection or respect; undutiful. Obs.

t un'kindhead. Obs. [f. unkind a.] Unnatural conduct; ingratitude; baseness.

01300 Cursor M. 28270 Vn-kynd i was..Gayn fader & moder. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1072 3yf )>ou euer.. On fadyr or modyr leydest J>yn hand,.. swyche a chylde ys kalled vnkynde. 1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 710 Vnkende men .. helpe not here eldrys as l^ey schuld do. 1595 Daniel Civ. Wars 1. Ixxxix, O! whither dost thou tend my vnkind sonne? What mischiefe dost thou go about to bring To.. Thy mother countrey?

1297 Glouc. (Rolls) 765 bis leir.. plainede of pe unkundhede [y.rr. vnkuinde-, vnkyndehede] of is do3ter gornohlle. Ibid. 2392, etc. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 5093 Yn sum man, vnkyndehede ys so rank bat [etc.]. Ibid. 6508 barfore.. spende weyl j>yn owne pyng, bat >>ou fal nat yn auaryce: Of vnkyndhede hyt cum}?, pat vyce.

fc. Devoid of natural goodness; vile, bad, wicked, villainous. Obs.

*759 Sterne Tr. Shandy i. x. He was not an unkindhearted man, and every case was more pressing.. than the last.

1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2379 bere he kudde wat he was vnkunde ssrewe & quoynte. 13 .. Guy Wartv. (A.) 4382 me hast bitreyd,.. bou fel treytour, vnkinde blod. 1377 Langl. P. pi. B. v. 276 Thow art an vnkynde creature; I can l»e nou3te assoille. Til |>ow make restitucioun. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas viii. xxv. (1494) Eiijb/2, Late men beware euer of vnkynde blode. ri46o Totvneley Myst. xxiv. 192 Then noy vs nomore of this noyse; you carles vnkynde, w'ho bad you call me? 1529 S. Fish Supplic. Beggers (1871) 4 Let vs then compare the nombre of this vnkind idell sort, vnto the nombre of the laye people. 1590 Spenser F.Q. hi. ii. 43 For they, how euer shamefull and vnkind. Yet did possesse their horrible intent. 1602 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. iv. ii. 1705 Thou slimie sprighted vnkinde Saracen.

a 15*3 Fabyan Chron. vii. 648 In this yere began a grudge to growe .., but it was keept vnkyndelyd duryng y« lyfe of y« duke. 1535 Coverdale xx. 26 An vnkyndled fyre shal consume him. 1717 Pope Iliad xi. 239 The unkindled lightning in his hand he [jc. Jove] took. 1742 Young Nt. Th. I. 111 They live! they greatly live a life on earth Unkindl’d, unconceiy’d. 1809 Coleridge Friend r6i My feelings .. and imagination did not remain unkindled in this general conflagration. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xiii. The unkindled lamp stood on the table.

td. Of a worse kind; degenerate. Obs. 1340 Ayenb. 188 be zone ssel by ylich j^e uader ot>er he is onkende be zaynte peter. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. xxvi. (Tollem. MS.), be lenger he lyuej? pe more he scheweh J>at his owen kynde is unkynde. 14.. Foe. in Wr.-Wiilcker 577/41 Degener, vnkynde. 1483 Catk. Angl. 203/1 To be vn Kynde, or to go oute of kynde, degenerare.

fe. Uncharitable, ungenerous. Obs. 1303 R- Brunne Handl. Synne 6788 For ful comunly shalt l?ou fynde Ofte ryche men vnkynde. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. X. 29 bilke pat god moste gyueih, leste good pei deleth, And moste vnkynde to pe comune J>at moste catel weldeth. Ibid. XI. 206 Euer\’ man helpe other,.. And be we nou3te vnkynde of owre catel ne of owre kunnynge neyther.

t4. Of actions: Contrary to nature, unnatural, esp. unnaturally bad or wicked. Obs. ei250 Gen. & Ex. 449 Bigamie is unkinde Sing, On engleis tale, twie-wifing. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 852 Many kundemen of ^is lond mid king leir hulde also, Vor pG vnkunde [I'.r. vnkynde] suikedom pat is do3tren adde ido. f 1320 Sir Tristr. 2758 Vnkinde were ous to kis As kenne. *377 Langl. P. PI. B. xiii. 356 borw coueityse and vnkynde desyrynge. ^1480 Henryson Fables, Trial of Fox 809 Fy! Couetice, vnkynd and venemous. 1592 Greene Philomela Wks. (Grosart) XI. 131 If such vnlawfull lust, such vnkinde desires,.. procures so great losse. 1606 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. i. Tropheis 1232 Cowardly treason,.. Un-kinde Rebellion. 1656 Cowley Davideis ni. 204 Their too much Wealth, vast, and unkind does grow.

15. Unnaturally cruel, severe, or hostile. 06^. 1340-70 Alex. & Dind. 540 Vn-kinde kij^e 3e 30U to kille 3our children. ai^TSToseph Arim. 242 He tolde hem .. of heore fadres bi-fore pat he fond vn-kuynde. c 1400 Brut 245 V/ip sir Andrew of Herkela, ^jat is callede pe vnkynde outputter. C1440 Gesta Rom. Ixvii. 306 (Had. MS.), My fadir is so vnkynde, pat he woll not pay my raunsom for me. 1513 Douglas ^neid i. i. 44 Full deip ingravin in hir breist ^kynd [was] Thejugement of Paris. 1635 R. Johnson Hist. Tom a Lincolne (1828) 117 Making thyselfe unkinde and monstrous in murthering of thy mother. 1659 Hammond Om Ps. cxxxvii. 7 When our unkind neighbours the Edumaans were so forward to joyne their hands with our enemies.

6. Lacking in kindness or kindly feeling; acting harshly or ungently to others. Also absol. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. i. 166 Beo no men hardore t>en .. V n-kuynde to heore kun and to alle cristene. 1393 Ibid. C XX. 216 Beo unkynde to ;jyn emcrystene, and. .The holygost huyre). fe nat. 1509 Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tes: Richmond Wks. (1876) 307 Were not she an vnkinde & vngenty] moder? 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. §i i His neyghbours be vnkynde, if they wyll not lende this yonge housbande parte of this sede. a 1550 in Early XVI Cent. Lyrics Ixv. 71 T he turtle doue is not vnkinde to him that loues her so. 1602 Shaks. Ham. iii. i. loi To the Noble minde, Rich gifts wax poore, when giuers proue vnkinde. 1645 in Verney Mem (1904) I- 422 Censured by the world to be the most unkind and unnatural brother. 1675 Dryden Aurengz. i. i. 428 Thai o “•^^n to you unkind, to me unjust. 1738 Wesley unkind, and Hearts untrue. Are both abhor d by Fhee. 1796 Mrs. J. West Gossip's Story II. 160 ahe tried to recal the dear unkind by tears, and soft complamts 1820 Shelley Hymn Mercury hi, What mean you to do With me, you unkind God? transf. 1802 Wordsw. 'Bright Flower’ 15 Thou wouldst teach him how to find.. A hope for times that are unkind 1875 Morris /Eneidxu. 144 Thee only.. I love of all who e er have come Into the unkind bed of Jove from out a Latin home. 1885 IT Bridges Eros & Psyche Apr. xxiv. Ascending many a mile Over the long brown slopes and crags unkind

actions, speech, etc.: Characterized by want of kindness. b. Of

fi400 Destr. Troy 1452 W'hat myschefe befell, here no cause was to ken but vnkynd wordes. cis86 C’tess Pembroke Ps. (1823) lv. iii, Then I would have borne with patient cheere An unkind part from whom I know unkind '5?* ^ ^4 In charge of one.. who with vnkind disdatne.. her did much molest. i6oi Shaks. jful. C.

unkind'hearted, a. (un-^ 9.)

un'kindled, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

Hence un'kindledness. 1869 Abp. Benson in Life (1901) 116 The yellow wax lights on the Altar stood in their irrational, legal, unkindledness.

un'kindliness. (un-* 12; cf. unkindly a.) c 1470 Henry Wallace ix. 347 We fand nane in that art. That proff^t ws sic wnkyndlynes. 1587 Golding De Mornay xvii. 308 His wrath.. cannot bee kindled against nature .., but against the faultinesse and vnkindlynesse that are in nature. 1627 Hakewill Apol. ii. §3. 133 The vnkindlinesse of the weather now.. hurtfull to the fruites. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. ii. ix. 223 The.. unkindliness of the Season. 1763 Mills Pract. Husb. I. 206 The uncommon .. unkindliness of the soil. 1797 Lamb Let. to Coleridge 7 Apr., Clear from the imputation of unkindliness (a word, by which I mean the diminutive of unkindness). 1859 Tennyson Merlin V. 735 Kill’d with inutterable unkindliness.

un'kindling,

a. (un-* 10.)

1818 Milman Samor ii. 108 As Waning into the dull unkindling air.

summer

meteor,..

un'kindly, a. [repr. OE. unsecyndelic^ or in later use f. UN-* 7 + KINDLY G.]

11. a. Morally unnatural; unnaturally wicked or vile. Obs. ai22S Ancr. R. 116 Vor hondlunge, o6er eni velunge bitweone mon & ancre is.. unkundelich I?incg. e at pe dore & at pe gate, a 1542 Wyatt 'What should I say?' 28 And thus betraide. Or that I wiste Farewell, unkiste! at is vn-sought. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 59 On old Englis it is said, unkissid is unknowun. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. Epigr. (1867) 148 Unknowen vnkist, and beyng knowen I weene. Thou art neuer kist, where thou mayst be seene. 1579 E. K. Ded. to Spenser's Sheph. Cal. §i Our new Poete, who for that he is vneouthe (as said Chaucer) is vnkist, and vnknown to most men, is regarded but of few. c 1592 Nashe Mar-Martine xxii. Thou caytif kerne, vneouth thou art, vnkist thou eke sal bee. 1624 Bp. Mountacu Immed. Addr. 119, I would gladly see and know, by what warrant I on Earth so vneouth and therefore vnkist,.. can say unto them. Holy Peter, blessed Paul, pray for mee. a 1697 Aubrey Lives (1898) II. 254 He..ransackt the MSS. of the church of Hereford (there were a great many that lay uncouth and unkiss). [1^7 V. Hunt {title), Unkist, Unkind!]

un'kinger. [f. unking t’.] One who deposes a king.

tun'kithe, v.

1656 S. H. Gold. Law 24 It unking’d him, and King’d his unkingers in point of Power.

/>/. a. [un-' 8.] Not raised to the rank of knight; not invested with knighthood. 1631 in Birch Crt. Sf Times Chas. /(1848) II. 99 Ere long they will bring all the unknighted lords into play, a 1661 Fuller Worthies, Camb. i. (1662) 168 Indeed, I.. cannot believe that he was Un-knighted so long. 1892 Verney Mem. I. 205 Mr. Badnage .. remained unknighted.

un'knightlike, adv. (un-* 7c.) 1872 Tennyson Gareth Lynette 1122 Forth that other sprang, And, all unknight-like, writhed his wiry arms Around him.

un'knightly, a. [un-* 7.] 1. Not appropriate to

a

knight

or

to

knighthood. c 1412 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2286 Of suche vnknyghtly trikkes he nat roghte. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. Iv, The crueltee of that vnknyghtly dede. 1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentry 161 Lewes., had so vnknightlye a regarde., of Armes, that [etc.]. 1611 Guillim Heraldry 11. vi. 56 Base and vnknightly actions and qualities, deserue a base and vnknightly chastisement. 1664 Butler Hud. ii. i. 832, I here .. free you from th’ Unknightly Jail. 1704 Tales. Abradatus dst P. i. j 2 The dire reward that did belong To him that Acted such unknightly wrong. 1828 Scott F.M. Perth viii, The unknightly advantage which yonder rascal had taken of his stumbling horse, i860 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. Part. III. cxlii. 123 A foreign force.. threatening to sack, unless unknightly and degrading terms were complied with.

D’Urfey

2. Unlike a knight; not having the qualities of a knight. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. iii. 35 Vnknightly Knight,.. Loe I defie thee. 1813 Byron Ch. Har. Pref., Add., It has been stated, that..he is very unknightly, as the times of the Knights were times of Love, Honour, and so forth. 1842 Tennyson Morte dArth. 120 Ah, ..untrue, Unknightly, traitor-hearted!

un'knightly, manner.

UNKNOWING

94

[un-* ii.] In an unknightly

1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. v. ii, threatning vnkinde brow.

136 Fie, fie, vnknit that

2. fig. a. To disperse, dissolve, undo, destroy; to relax or weaken. Also absol. *377 Langl. P. PI. B. xviii, 213 So god.. suffred to be solde to see pe sorwe of deyinge, The which vnknitteth al kare & comsynge is of reste. c 1412 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2564 Al-thogh a kyng haue habundance of myght In his land, at his lust knytte & vnknytte. a 1500 Ragman Roll 151 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 76 Weyr he unknytte, al this worldes rychesse Ne myghte noghte yow two knyttyn in feir. 1551 T. Wilson Logike 3 Logike is bound..to knit true arguments and unknit false. 1592 Lyly Gallathea iii. i, I feele my thoughts vnknit. 1642 Chas. I Let. to both Ho. Pari. 7 Ambitious spirits, that may disjoynt and unknit his Majesty and this House. 1655 Vaughan Silex Scint., Match ii. Shut out all distractions That may unknit My heart. c *837 WoRDSW. 'Ah why' 5 Where for ages they have Iain .. With life’s best sinews more and more unknit.

b. To separate, sever, detach. 1388 Wyclif7o6 vi. 17 Thei schulen be vnknyt fro her place, a 1395 Hylton Scala Perf. i. xii. (MS. Bodl. 592), bis spirit wole vnknytte and vndo ih’u fro pe soule: & perfore it is not of god. c 1412 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 1658 banne is to hem an helle hire mariage, banne pei desyren for to be vnknyt.

3. mtr. To become unknit, in various senses. 1574 Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 187 It is a sore that neuer openeth, and a bonde that neuer vnknitteth. 1609 C. Butler Fern. Mon. v. F 3 b. Then may you bid them farewel: for presentlie they begin to vnknit, and to be gone. 1677 Gov. Venice 6 The private Magistrates are as it were the Nerves and Bones..; and the Council of Ten are the ligaments, hindring the parts from unknitting. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indol. i. xxiii. For whomsoe’er the villain takes in hand, Their joints unknit, their sinews melt apace. 1870 Pall Mall G. 10 Dec. 12 The lady’s eyebrows unknit, and wintry smiles break from the grey eyes.

Hence un'knitting vbL sh. 13S2 Wyclif Nahum ii. 10 Herte feylynge, and vnknytynge of smale knees. 1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII, c. 21 §2 Without any dissolucion, undoinge, unknittinge, or repeale of them. 1611 CoTGR., Desnouement, an vntying, vnknitting, vnbinding (of knots).

un'knit, pp/. a. [uN-*8b.] Not knit together or closely united. 1607 Markham Cavel. i. xviii. 73 His ioynts being tender and vnknit. 01625 Fletcher Fair Maid of Inn iii. i. The petty brawls.. shall, like tender unknit joynts, Fasten again together of themselves. 1809-14 Wordsw. Excurs. iii. 914 Let us.. Leave this unknit Republic to the scourge Of her own passions, i860 Motley Netherl. vii. (1868) I. 465 A loose, disordered and unknit state needs no shaking, but propping.

un'knitting,

a. (un-* 10.)

*587 Golding De Mornay x. 165 [Aristotle] sayth that the knitting parts,.. the bones, the skin, the sinewes,.. may be made of the mixing togither of the elements, and that the vnknitting parts, as the Head, the Leg, the Arme,.. cannot.

un'knock, v. (un-^ 3.) 1680 Moxon Mech. Exerc. xii. 203 Its Office is to knock and unknock the Wedge in the Puppets.

a 1586 Sidney Arcadia ni. xviii. They helde playe against the rest, though the two brothers unknightly helped them 1859 Tennyson Geraint ^ Enid 723 The brute Earl., unknightly with flat hand, however lightly, smote her on the cheek.

un'knit, v. [OE. uncnyttan (un-^ 4 b).] 1. tram. To untie or undo (a knot o something tied). c xooo Ags. Gosp. Luke iii. 16 Jjjes ic ne eom wyrpe pset i hys sceo-jjwancg uncnytte. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 137 Ic **^ forSen wurSe p2t ich un-cnutte his sho I?uom *3°7 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 43 So pat pe more wynd h wol haue, he wil vnknette pe mo knottes. c 1430 Syr Gene) (Roxb.) 7091 Hir kerchef lift vp wold he Hir visage ther mrto see; Tho thoght he hir kerchefe to vnknyt. 153 Palsgr. 768/1 Unknyt my gyrdell, I praye you. 1547 i Leland's Collect, (1774) IV. 321 Then tooke he the sai Rope, and .. tyed himselfe by the Right Legg,.. and after. unknet the Knot, and came downe again. 1615 G. Sandy Trav. 66 Tying on her silken buskins with knots easily nc vnknit. 1675 Hobbes Odyssey {it’j'j) 147 Binde me you mus upright, both hand and foot. And so as I may not the knc unknit.

b. In figurative contexts (with knot or bond] a 1225 Leg. Kath. 1150 Ich habbe uncnut summe of cnotti cnotten. C1374 Chaucer Boeth. v. pr. iii, (1868) 15 bat som men wenen pat pei mowen assoilen & vnknytten p knot of t-is qu^tioun. 1387-8 T. UsK Test. Love iii. vi (bkeat) 1. 129 Thilke falsheed.. hath unknit the bond o understanding reson bytwene wil and the herte. C140 Lydg. Reson & Sens. 3202 Wher so as her (sc. Venus’s] sot WM set, The knot never was vnknet, c 1430 Life St. Kath 44, I haue spoused me to hym in a bonde bat neue sch^al be vnknytte. 1561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc iv ii Whan thus I sawe the knot of loue unknitte. 1596 Shaks cnuu' '■ 1.5,^''' y?" “S'*'"® vnknit This churlish kno of all-abhorred Warre? 1850 W. R. Williams Religiou Rrogress iv. (1854) 82 Demorahaation that unknits the bond or oblig^ion.

fc. To ungird (oneself). Obs.-' a 1500 in Three 15th Cent. Chron. (Camden) 111 Ther h shah unknyte hym, and his swerde.. shall offer to God am to Holy Lhurche moste devowtly.

d. To disjoint, disunite; to unclasp, rare. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong s.v. Desnouer T vnkmtte a bone, to put out of ioynte. 1582 Stanyhurs ^neis n. (Arb.) 58 Thee ioyncturs vnknit, with an horribi humrrg Pat fals thee turret. 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit I *I • • *oos^**s and unknits all the Nerves of the Buildina 1856 Ruskin Afod. Paint. III. iv. xviii. Concl. 339 If agaii petty jealousies., prevail to unknit their hands from th armoured grasp.

un'knot, v. (un-^ 3. Cf. G. entknoten.) 1598 Florio, Sgroppare, to vntie, to vnknot. 1623 Cockeram ii, Not to be vnknotted, inenodable. 1866 Miss A. Cary Ball. & Lyrics I saw my Charley The .. shawl from his neck Unknot, with a quick, wise cunning. 1891 Daily News 8 July 4/8 The man.. who hoards string, unknotting it .. from parcels.

refi. 1880 Daily News 27 Nov. 2/8 This remarkable worm .. has the power of unknotting himself.

un'knotted,/)/)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1642 H. More Song of Soul To Rdr., All homogeneall, simple, single,.. unknotted, uncoacted. 1744 Mrs. Delany Life Corr. (1861) II. 291 You ask me how many pounds of thread I have got for you; do you mean knotted or unknotted? 1756 Dyer Fleece iii. 58 Even, unknotted, twine will praise your skill. 1892 Yeats C'tess Kathleen iii. 51 The green things love unknotted hearts and minds.

un'knotty, a. (un-* 7.) 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. x. (1626) 198 Vnknottie Firre, the solace-shading Planes, Rough Chestnuts. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 348 The wooll of the Matresses.. [was] kept vnknotty, and soft.

unKnow, LUN-^ 14. j 1. tram. Not to know (something); to fail tc recognize or perceive. Also absol. c 1380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 160 bou art maister ii Israel, and 3it pou unknowist pes pingis. 1382-i Cor jdv. 38 If ony man vnknowith, he schal be vnknowen. c 1404 Apol. I^ll. 61 boo pat vnknawen pe ri3twisnes of God r*532 Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 942 To unknowe descognoistre. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. £>.41,1 hardly l^leeve, he hath from elder times unknowne the verticity o the loadstone. 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (1720) HI 252 [He] is obliged to turn his Eyes, as if to unknow, or a least must take no notice of it here. 1871 Swinburne Herthc 19 Love or unlove me, Unknow me or know.

12. To be ignorant that, etc. Also intr. with of *382 Wyclif j Cor. x. i, I nyle 30U for to vnknowe, foi [1388 that] alle oure fadris weren vndir cloude. [Also i Kingi xxii. 3, Rom. i. 13.] a 1400 Pauline Ep. (Powell) 2 Cor. i. j ^9** vnknowe, brepere, of oure tribulacyoun 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (1720) II. 58 Sure these seem to unknow that there is a certain Portion of Misery.. allotted to all Men. ’

unKnow. u. [un-^3.] trans. To cease to know to torget (what one has known). Also absol. 01586 Sidney .4rcodia iii. v, She., rather wished t unknowe what she knewe, then to burden her hart witl

more hopeles knowledge. 1627 S. Ward Happiness of Practice 11 Such.. shall soone vnknow that which they know [to be good]. 1697 J. Sergeant Solid Philos, hz. His Method of Unknowing all that Nature had taught him. 1782 Paine Let. Abbe Raynel (1791) 50 There is no possibility.. of the mind unknowing any thing it already knows. 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 270 Unless I might unknow what 1 have come to know. 1865 J. Grote Explor. Philos. \. 243 We have got to unsee and unknow much further back than this, if [etc.].

unknow,

variant

unknowa'bility.

of

unknowe

ppl. a. Obs.

(un-* 12; cf. next.)

1863 Mill Lett. (1910) I. 272 The doctrine of unknowability. 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. I. 28 The unknowability of the primal Cause.

un'knowable, a.

and

sb.

(un-* 7 b.)

^*374 Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. vii. (1886) 47 Liggeth thanne stille al owtrely vnknowable, ne fame ne makethyow nat knowe. 1456 Sir G. Hay Bk. Knighthood Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 16 The quhilkis ar unknawable till.. unworthy personis. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. 1. iv. §3 He is a very Novice in Speculation that does not acknowledge that to be unknowable. 1678 Cudworth Intel! Syst. i. iv. §31. 471 There is something of God Vnknowable and Incomprehensible by all Mortals. 1740 Cheyne Regimen 35 If we dropt both substances, as unknown and unknowable Things at present. 1754 Edwards Freed. Will ii. xii. 119 If there be any Truth which is absolutely without Evidence, that Truth is absolutely unknowable. 1818 F. Hall Trav. Canada (sf U.S. 28 Indeed privacy, .seems quite unknown, and unknowable to the Americans. 1873 Morley Rousseau II. 90 Men. .will be thankful not to waste life in guessing evil about unknowable trifles.

b. absol. (with the). That which cannot be known. (Common from c i860.) 1823 Monthly Rev. Cl. 447 Here, again, the author professes to know the unknowable. 1867 Lewes Hist. Philos. I. p. cxv. We always hope that the Unknown is not also the Unknowable.

c. As sb. An unknowable thing. 1725 Watts Logic l. vi. §i To distinguish well between Knowables and Unknowables. 1733-Philos. Ess. i. xii. In every Age., there will be some Unknowables and Insolvables. 1874 B. P. Browne Philos. H. Spencer ii. 41 (Stand.), Mr. Spencer’s argument proves an unexplainable, not an unknowable.

Hence un'knowableness. 1664 N. Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. ii. vi. 367 The unknowableness of the manner of this Union. 1697 J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 301 The Unknowableness of Real Essences. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. 8i The great religious painters rejoiced in that kind of unknowableness. 1886 Jane Lee Faust p. xxxiii, The unknowableness of the nature of things.

fun'knowe (also 5-6 -know, 6 Sc. -knaw), obs. variants of unknown ppl. a. For the phrase unkrurwe, unkissed, see unkissed ppl. a. 1340-70 Alex. Dind. 382 We holden hit a vertu.. Among pe men of our march mercy vnknowe. c 1350 Lybeaus Disc. 71 Than may ye wete a rowe, ‘The fayre unknowe’, Senes so hatte he. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 87 ban were pe Parthi as it were.. vnknowe amonge men of the est londes. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas\ui. xiv. (1558) 9 b, A knight vnknowe angelyke of vysage. c 1440 Gesta Rom. i. 2 (Harl. MS.), pat she euer pursuyd for my deth, pat is vnknowe to me. 1513 Douglas ASneid vi. ii. 52 Virgyne, na kynd of pane may rise Vnknaw to me.

So t un'knowed ppl. a. Obs. C13S0 Sir Ferumb. 3847 If par comep any ounknowed man. C1380 [see unkept/>/>/. a. 2].

unknowing, vbl. sb. [un-* 13.] Ignorance. Revived in mod. use, esp. in phr. cloud of unknowing (after quot. a 1400). 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 194 In myrknes of unknawyng pai gang. Ibid. 5741 Ne mene pou noght Of my freyle, unknawynges of thoght. c 1380 Wyclif Se! Wks. I. 159 So Nichodeme.. for pis unknowinge.. axide pis questioun. a 1400 {title) clowde of vnknowyng. c 1449 Pecock Repr. i. xvi. 89 The vnhauyng and the vnknowing of this., consideracioun. C1450 Lovelich Grail Iii. 775 That I haue don be vnknowenge. Of for3evenesse I preye 30W. 1556 Olde Antichrist 127 b, What other thing shal we cal this, but the most grosse unknowing of God? 1629 A. Baker Commentary on Cloud (1924) ii. iii. 355 This cloud of unknowing.. is but the self-same knowledge and sight of God which I and others do usually term the light, sight and knowledge that we have by our faith. 1911 E. Underhill Mysticism n. vii. 415 Reason finds itself, in a very actual sense, ‘in the dark’—immersed in the Cloud of Unknowing. 193.9 S. Eliot Family Reunion ii. ii. no Accident is design And design is accident In a cloud of unknowing. *957 Oxf. Diet. ChrisHan Church 402/2 This [progressive deification of man] is to be obtained by a process of unknowing, in which the soul leaves behind the perceptions of the senses as well as the reasoning of the intellect. 1976 H. Montefiore in Christian Believing 154 Even in granting as much as this to doctrine and dogma, I have to enter into the cloud of unknowing and assert the Church’s apophatic tradition. 1984 Daily Te! 9 Feb. 16/5 This is one of those incidents which cloud the mind with mystery, forming, as we brood on it, a positive cloud of unknowing. 1984 Sunday Te! 8 July 18/4 Ideally, the fearful void of unknowing should be filled by the ballast of faith.

un'knowing, p/)/. a. [un-* 10, sd.] 1. Not knowing; not possessed of knowledge; uninformed, ignorant. r*3*5 Shoreham v. 148 Al one-knowynge pa3 hy were Hy makede ioye. 1386 Rolls of Parlt. III. 225/2 Owre lyge Lordes comaundement to symple and unknouuing men. *435 Misyn Fire of Loue 48 Bot pies ar vnknawand, for vertew of contemplatife pai knaw not. 1538 G. Browne in Ware Hist. Col! (1681) 3 The People of this Nation be zealous, yet blind and unknowing. 1612-3 C. Brooke Elegy

UNKNOWINGLY Poems (1872) 175 Those baser mindcs, vnknowinR. sensual), rude. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. vi. (1654) 45 I'he matter may be intricated by passing through many perhaps unknowing hands. 1725 Pope Odyss. xx. 56 Man on frail unknowing man relies. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 27 My .. child .. is unexperienced in the world, quite unknowing and unknown. 1845 Hirst Com. Mammoth, etc. 89 Winds that pilfer from unknowing flowers Their balmy breaths. 1871 H. Macmillan True V^tne vi. 249 It., does what it does in simple, perfect, unknowing dependence upon the will of God. ahsol. *718 J. Chamberlayne Nieuicentijdt's Retig. Philos. . XX, [They] pass amongst the Unknow’ing for great lathematicians. 1833 Disraeli Cont. Flem. i. i. Our instructors are the unknowing and the dead. 1876 Nature 2 Nov. 17/1 Undated .. works. . may be palmed off on the unknowing as the genuine product of the current year.

2. Without knowledge, ignorant, of some¬ thing. In frequent use from c 1700. at no svnne be left bihinde for vnknowen and vnknowlechid. 1598 Mucedorus v. ii. 104 Condemne not.. My rude behauiour, so compeld by Nature, That manners stood vnknowledged. 1603 B. Jonson The Satyr Wks. (Rtldg.) 537/2 For which bounty to us lent, Of him unknowledg’d, or unsent, We prepared this compliment.

c. With objective clause. c 1425 St. Elizabeth in Anglia VIII. 147 Not vnknowynge >>at oure lorde couerde Jje naked of oure firste fader and moder after hir falle. C1465 Eng. Chron. (Camden, 1856)62 Unknowvng the said peple wherfore it was. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 182 b, Thou art not unknowyng that we are now conquerours. 1^7 Dryden Mneis vi. 236 i^neas went Sad from the cave,.. Unknowing whom the sacred Sibyl meant. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. i. 2 They were all working for me,.. unknowing that they did so. 1820 Scott Monast. xxv. Driven by calamity, and unknowing where my course is bound. 1844 Kinglake Eothen xii, Unknowing of all geography, unknowing where he was, or whither he might go.

t un'knowledging. Obs. [un-‘ 12.] Ignorance. unknonvlodging to without the knowledge of.

d. With inf. (alone or preceded by how, etc.).

13 .. Cursor M. 1170 (Gott.), I sal be flemed for mi sinne. In vnknaun land to duell ine. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 1679 He .. carfully is out-kast to centre vnknawen. a 1440 Sir Eglam. 917 As sche were of an unknowen londe. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 71 As if he should undertake to., walke through unknowen places without a guide. 1638 in Verney Mem. (1907) I. 90 Some unknown place in the world. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, in, 532 So vast a Space Of Wilds unknown.. Allures their Eyes. 1790 Cowper Odyss. xxiv. 344 The fishes of the unknown deep. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 402 The armies .. beheld countries previously unknown. 1853 M. Arnold Scholar Gypsy xiv, Where o’er thy unknown grave, .white flowering nettles wave.

1666 Dryden Ann. Mirab. xevi, The Kingiy beast.. slowly moves, unknowing to give place. 1697 - Virg. Georg. IV. 126 Unknowing how to fly, And obstinately bent to win or dye. 1700 - Wife of Bath's T. 100 Lest surpriz’d, unknowing what to say, Thou damn thy self. 1746 Francis tr. Horace, Art of Poetry 51 In one grand Whole unknowing to unite Those different Parts. 1771 Goldsm. Hist. Eng. II. 204 Unknowing whether to ascribe their misfortunes to..sorcery, or to a celestial influence. i8oi Southey Thalaba v. 170 Unknowing whitherward to bend his way. He stood. 1812 J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 46 The huge animal.. seemed unknowing which way to run.

t3. In absolute construction. Obs. 1451 Paston Lett. I. 198 He thought that ye and James Gresham had do it un malyce,.. your moders unknow'yng. 1483 Vulgaria abs Terentio 20 He hyde nott fro me that.. odyr doo, vnknowynge theire faders. CI500 Melusine xxiv. 171 They came & lodged them a leghe nygh to the Calyphes oost, vnknowyng the paynemes of it.

4. As quasi-a^fi). = unknowingly adv. 1392 Wyclif Acts xvii. 23 Therfore which thing ^e vnknowynge worschipen, this thing I schewe to 30U. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. Ixxix. 554 There syr Tristram vnknowwng smote doune kyng Arthur. 1721 Amherst Terrs P'il. (1726) loi See..what mischiefs ye might do unknow’ing. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Odes v. iii. 6 Have I swallow’d the gore of a viper unknowing? 1852 Kingsley Andromeda 250 From afar, unknowing, I marked thee.

5. Unknown to (a person). Chiefly in absolute const., = without the knowledge of. Obs. exc. dial. C1400 Destr. Troy 11318, I.. neuer comynd in J?is case vnknowing to you. 1462 Paston Lett. II. 119 It is not on knowy ng to you that [etc.]. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge 1. 2677 A seruaunt.. pryuely hydde it,.. Vnknowynge to Werburge. 1577 Grange Golden Aphrod. livb, He., sodenly d^arted (vnknowing to the Ladies). 1617 Collins Def. Bp. Ely (1628) 302 W’hen he praied for his children, vnknowing to them. 1643 E. Symmons Loyal Subjects Belief Ep. Ded., Unknowing, I beleeve, to them in particular, some others did intend [etc.]. 1886-91 in Somerset and Devon glossaries.

Hence un'knowingness. 1493 Festivall 23b/i Vnknowyngnesse shalle not exscuse you at y* day of dome. 1872 H. Bushnell Serm. Living Subj. 211 The unknowingness, the innocence, the sweet simplicity of childhood.

un'knowingly, adv. [un-’ ii: cf. prec.] Without knowledge, ignorantly; uninten¬ tionally. Also const, to (a person). 1340 Ayenb. 175 Huanne me zenejeJj wytindeliche, me zene3e|> more yno^ panne onknawwndliche. rx440 Promp. Parv. 366/1 On-knowyngly, ignoranter. a 1500 Ratis Raving I. 904 Better to be styll Than say vnknawandly thar tyll. 1641 Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. 22 Nov. 70, I speake it not unknowingly. i6gy Dryden's Virg. Past. Preface (1721) I. 97 The Roman Historian .. falls, unknowingly, into a Verse not unworthy Virgil himself. 1709 Shaftesb. Charac. (1711) II. 89 .An Eye., fails not to shut together, of its own accord, unknowingly to us. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 595

UNKNOWN

95 •Made unknowingly to work out the advantage of fellowcreatures, whereof we have not the least knowledge. 1807 WoRDsw. White Doe ii. 100 Leaning on a lance Which he had grasped unknowingly. 1871 Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. i. iii. 213 Nations and parties learn to shape themselves unknowingly.

1357 Lay Folks Catech. 73 Nane sal excuse tham Thurgh unknalechyng for to kun tham. ?I530 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. HI. II. 229 The sayd Dean,.. vnknowlegyng to., the surveyor of Hampton Corte,.. hathe.. dygyd uppe by the rootts XXXV. of my.. ffeyrest elmes.

un'known, ppl. a.* and sb. [un-* 8 b. Cf. OE. unsecnawen.'\ A. adj. 1. Not known; strange, unfamiliar: a. Of places.

b. Of persons. unknown God: see quot. 1526. unknerwn soldier or warrior, an unidentified soldier whose tomb symbolizes that of all those killed in battle: see warrior 2 a. For the phrase unknown, unkissed, see unkissed. 13.. Cursor M. 12131 (Gott.), Ani man, vnknauen or cuth. 1382 Wyclif i Cor. xiv. 38 Forsothe if ony man vnknowith, he schal be vnknowen [Vulg. ignorabitur]. c 1386 Chaucer Friar's T. 99, I am vnknowen as in this contree. c 1440 Alph. Tales 175 Ane vnknowen man sittand on a hors. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 53 He schal be vnknowen of God forto be eny of hise. 1526 Tyndale Acts xvii, 23, I founde an aultre wher in was written: vnto the vnknowen god. 1555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 49 It had byn better for hym to haue byn obscure and vnknowen. 1607 E. Topsell Four-footed Beasts 96 The Arabians sacrifice a camell to the vnknowne god. 1622 J. Taylor (Water P.) Sir G. Nonsence To Nobody, The narration of the Vnknowne Knight. 1676 Ray Corr. (1848) 123 An unknown person, who sent me a letter without a name. 1718 Free-thinker No. 4. 25 The Discourse ..turned upon the Unknown Fair. 1797 S. & H. Lee Canterb. T. (1799) I. 364 To Lothaire the lord of St. Aubert was personally unknown. 1846 Mrs. A. Marsh Father Darcy II, x. 164 Mr. Keyes., was a man quite unknown about town. C1848 M. M. Sherwood Last Days of Boosy (ed. 2) 152 The child .. addressed the fearful name.. as I had taught him to do to the to him unknown God who made the heavens. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay iv. Unknown, doubtful Americans, neither rich nor highly-placed are beyond the pale. 1920 Times 11 Nov. 14/1 The Unknown Warrior .. was brought to London by night... He lay .. awaiting burial today in the Abbey among the greatest of his race. Ibid. 12N0V. 13/1 The body of the Unknown Warrior .. was buried in Westminster Abbey yesterday, the King being chief mourner. 1942 E. Waugh Put out More Flags i. 36 Rupert Brooke, Old Bill, the Unknown Soldier—thus three fond women saw him. 1947 E. M. Forster in Harper's Mag. July 9/2, I add the proviso ‘if all goes well’ because success lies on the knees or an unknown God. 1970 Times 3 June 5/6 Princess Margaret drove today to Mount Avala to lay a wreath of red poppies on the tomb of the unknown soldier. 1980 I. Murdoch Nuns & Soldiers i. 42 The soldiers at the Unknown Warrior’s grave in Warsaw.

c. Of things or facts. unknerwn quantity, orig. a term of algebra (see quots. 1676, 1728, and cf. QUANTITY 12); also freq. in figurative use. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2757 [They] caste J7er armes of, pe vnknowen. And armede hem eft wyp here owen. fi374 Chaucer Former Age 6 Onknowyn was pe quyerne and ek the melle. c 1450 Myrr. our Ladye 158 Then oure lady.. was sturred in her hartc wyth vnspecable &

vnknowen gladnesse. 1509 Fisher Wks. (1876) 297 It is not vnknowen how studyously she procured lustyce to be admynystred. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 180 A man of vnknowen or low birth. 1622 S. W'ard Life of Faith (1627) 51 Death is the knownest and vnknownest thing in the world. 1669 SturmY Mariner's Mag. iv. i. 138 Many times the Ship is carried away by unknown Currents. 1676 Glanvill Ess. iii. 15 The degree of Composition in the unknown Quantity of the Equation. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Equation, The Root of an Equation, is the V’alue of the unknown Quantity in the Equation. 01768 Secker Serm. (1770) IV. xviii. 387 Their having a real, though unknown. Subserviency to valuable Ends. 1827 Faraday Chem. Manip. xv. 389 As the whole volume of gas introduced is unknown, and the specific gravity is as yet unknown. 1865 W. Bagehot in Fortn. Rev. 15 May 21 The first election of Mr. Lincoln.. was government by an unknown quantity. 1883 [see quantity 12]. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay vi. For some reasons unknown very little was said of the occurrence in the newspapers. 1951 Sport 30 Mar.-5 Apr. 6/3 Mel Ford, the Aberavon prop who gets a ‘cap’ is an unknown quantity in the North. 1973 Times 16 Apr. 14/2 Unless some formula is found for substantial alternative investments for Arab oil money it will continue to be an unknown quantity on the world money market.

d. Const, to (unto, ■ftill) or fo/ (= by). 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 7694 Na thyng.. tylle him unknawen es. 1399 Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 263 It is not vnknowen to kunnynge leodis. i486 Paston Lett. III. 328 What pleasur ye maie do to the Kings Grace.. is not to you unknowen. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 5 Straunge herbes.. vnknowen of the common people. ? 1600 C. Percy in Shaksp. Cent. Of Praise 38 Anything.. that may bee unknown unto you. 1670 Pettus Fodinse Reg. 11 That Mine, which was afterward discovered .. in that Countie (as yet unknown to the Societie). 1738 Gay Propertius iii. 65 Happy the youth, and not unknown to Fame. 1823 H. J. Brooke Introd. Crystallogr. 231 A crystal whose primary form is unknown to us. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt Introd. 16 These things are often unknown to the world.

e. With of. (Cf. know v. i8b.) 1606 G. Woodcock Lives Emperors in Hist. Ivstine Gg2 When nature did hatch such euils as were vnknowne of to the whole world. 1839 Mary Howitt Boy of Southern Isle 1. XX, Some unknown-of isle. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel ii. 94 It is.. one strange, unknown-of, God, whom he shall recognise.

2. In absolute const.: Without it being known (to one), without the knowledge of (some one). 1390 Gower Conf. II. 169 Diane his dowhter he begat Unknowen of his wif Juno. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. xiv, Bewailling myn infortune.., Vnknawin how or quhat was best to doon. c 1450 Mirk's Festial 207 Scho.. was per J^rytte 3ere vnknowon of all men wythout mete o)?ir drynke. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour I j. Two prestes unknowen of her cam wher as she was alone. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. 74 The kyng.. was ther unknowen of his ennemyes. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. iv. ii. 48 Thus he vnknowne to me should be in debt. 1606 — Ant. Cl. ii. vii. 84 Being done vnknowne, I should haue found it afterwards well done. 1672 Wiseman Wounds I. viii. 74 The Patient, unknown to me, pursued his intention. 1761 Mrs. F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph III. 106 He stole, unknown to anybody, on board a ship. 1820 Keats Isabella xi, All close they met,.. Unknown of any, free from whispering tale. 1823 Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 77 An agent.. was employed to negociate it unknown to the ^anish embassador. 1898 ‘Merriman’ Roden's Corner iii, The terrible distress.. going on unknown to us in our very midst.

t3. a. Ignorant (of), unskilled in. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 11809 )?is herods .. [was] O carles costes al til vnknauin. C1475 Rauf Coil^ear 127 Sen ellis thow art vnknawin. To mak me Lord of my awin. 1653 W. Ramesey Astrol. Restored 3 We see thereby the folly of such.. gainsayers of what they are altogether unknown in.

fb. Not recognizing, owning, acknowledging, or confessing. Obs. ine awen.

B. sb. 1. An unknown person: a. With the. the Great Unknown (quot.

1825), the author of the Waverley Novels. 1597 in Salusbury 8c Chester Poems (1914) 79 To the Honorable minded vnknowne, the Name-lesse wisheth.. perpetual! happines. 1652 Loveday Hymen's Prsludia 8 The faire Unknowne found enough in his Noble looks to claime respect. 17.. Watts Hymn, 'Who dares' iv, When shall we see the Great Unknown, And in his presence stand? 1774 Trinket 70 The charming unknown turned his eyes on me. 1825 R. Wilson Sk. Hist. Hawick 51 The powerfully superior mind of the Great Unknown. 1834 Dickens Sk. Boz, Boarding-ho. i, The distinguished unknown who con473 Reg. Cupar Abbey I. 201 Gif that be ony .. that levis ony his land .. onlaboryt. 01513 Fabyan Chron. vn. ccxix.

96

UNLADE

241 He destroyed the lande..in suche wyse, that .ix. yeres after.. the lande laye vnlabored and vntylled. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 166 Good ground becommeth unfruitfull,.. the more it is left unlaboured. 1684 T. Burnet Theory Earth I. 243 Seeing it.. had a soil so fruitful, a new unlabour’d soil. 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 115 Let thy Ground Not lye unlabour’d. 1804 Europ. Mag. XLV. 60/2 Gallia mourns.. Unpeopled cities, and unlabour’d plains.

3. Not obtained or brought about by laoour; esp. attained or accomplished in an easy or natural manner; spontaneous. 1631 Sir W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca LI 6 b, When goodnes was vnlabored excellency. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. IV. 33 Unlabour’d Harvests shall the Fields adorn. 1797 Monthly Mag. HI. 538 Of the translation itself we shall only observe, that it is natural and unlaboured. 1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. II. viii. 369 Their perfect, pure, unlaboured naturalism. 1882 Homiletic Monthly July 599 Such inspirational and unlabored success was built on a firm basis of general study.

t4. Left Obs.-"^

unapproached

or

uninfluenced.

fS.fig. a. To undo or destroy; to deprive of something. Obs. C1912 Hoccleve De Reg. Prim. 2456 Of his honour, vntrouthe a knyght vnlaceth. Ibid. 3652 Dignite had ben vnlaced And yngirt of honour. 1577 Grange Golden Aphrod., etc. Qj b, Milesian maydes, your steppes I mean to trace. And as Lucrecia did, my lyfe for to vnlace. 1604 Shaks. Oth. 11. iii. 194 What’s the matter That you vnlace your reputation thus.

fb. To disclose, reveal. Obs. >587 Painter Pal. Pleas. 11. xiii. (1890) H. 301, I purpose, then, to vnlace the dissolute lyues of three Amorouse Dames. 1577 Grange Golden Aphrod., etc. Rivb, Wherefore if my penne were able, well might I here vnlace my loyaltie. 1582 Stanyhurst zEtieii Ded. (Arb.) 7 Yt may bee .. I shal bee occasioned .. too vnlace more of theese mysteries.

fc. To relax or loosen; to set free. Obs.

1644 Laud Wks. (1854) IV. 147 The judge at Chester (altogether unknown to me and unlaboured by me) did say [etc.].

5. Not subjected to, free from, labour. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus, Descr. Germanie ii. 261 Horses, which are , . maintained in those woods .., white, vnbacked, or vnlaboured. 1765 BEATTlE^Wf^-m. Paris 514 The bower of bliss.. be thine, Unlabour’d ease, and leisure’s careless dream.

un'labouring, ppl. a.

14. To disentangle, unravel. Obs.^' c 1374 Chaucer Roeth. in. pr. xii. (1868) 105 Scornest l>ou me..^at hast so wouen me wi^? pi resouns, pe house of didalus so enirelaced. l»at it is vnable to ben vnlaced.

(un-^ 10.)

1619 Sir j. Sempil Sacrilege Handled 57 Paul had .. onely to iustifie, that he and Barnabas might live vnlabouring, as well as other Apostles. 1791 Cowper Odyss. xxi. 488 A bard Unlabouring strains the chord to a new lyre. 1795 Coleridge ToJos. Cottle 18 Ere aught of perilous ascent you meet, A mead of mildest charm delays th’ unlabouring feet. 1810 T. L. Peacock Genius of Thames 77 Where Lechlade sees thy current strong First waft the unlaboring bark along.

un'lace, v. [un-^ 3.] 1. trans. To undo the lace or laces of (a piece of armour, clothing, etc.); to unfasten, or loosen in this manner. 13.. Coer de L. 3171 A knyght hys armes gan unlace. 1388 Wyclif Mark i. 7 Y am not worthi to.. unlace his schoone. c 1400 Beryn 2426 He vnlacyd his mantell. 1470-85 Malory Arthur i. xxiii. 69 He vnlaced his helme and gate hym wynde. 1590 C’tess Pembroke Antonie 1593 His armor he vnlaste, and cast it of. 1652 C. B. Stapylton Herodian 129 His Purple Coat he ’gins for to Unlace, c 1696 Prior Love Disarmed 12 Her Boddice halfway She unlac’d. *73* Swift Poems, Nymph going to Bed 24 The lovely goddess Unlaces next her steel-rib’d bodice. 01861 T. WooLNER My Beautiful Lady, Night x, I wonder whether She now her braided opulent hair unlace. 1885 Law Rep. 15 Q.B.D. 360 The belts.. could be removed from the shafting altogether by being unrivetted or unlaced. 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge viii, She instantly busied herself., in unlacing her boots.

b. In fig. context, or transf. .. he stikkes and wood bitwene his legges and hies and drawih hem home.. and vnladeh and dischargeh hym hanne. c 14,%^ Sonnes of Aymon in. 103 Thenne they vnladedtheyrsomers&theyr cartes. i^c^^Cov. Leet Bk. 557 To drive his Cart laden with Otes into he Croschepyng & there to vnlade the seid Cart. 1622 Fletcher Span. Cur. ii. i, I have the mony ready, and I am weary... Pray ye Sir, unlade me. 1695 Congreve Mourn. Muse Alexis 6 Thither, let all th’ industrious Bees repair. Unlade their Thighs, and leave their Hony there. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) HI. 64 Some arose, and unladed two asses of the creels .. they carried.

fig. a 1592 T. Watson Tears of Fancie xlii, Vnlade me of the burthen .. enuious fates .. Haue heapt vpon me.

b. To take the cargo out of (a ship). Also in fig. context. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon 525 As they vnladed the ship. 1555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 240 The port.. is so., commodious to defrai^ht or vnlade shyppes, as [etc.]. 1586 B. Young Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iv. 194b, If you thinke.. your stomacke will not serue you to vnlade all the ship, let me helpe you. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. 36 He must cut out large docks and creeks into his text to unlade the foolish frigate of his unseasonable autorities. 1693 Lond. Gaz. No. 2838/2 They are now Unlading her, but the Goods are very much Damnified. 1781 Gibbon Decl. ^ F. xxiv. (1787) II. ^3 Fourscore vessels were gradually unladen. 1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 812 He .. help’d At lading and unlading the tall barks. 1871 Kingsley At Last ii, Along the beach a market.., with canoes drawn up to be unladen. refi. 1666 Dryden Ann. Mirab. ccc, The vent’rous Merchant.. Shall here unlade him, and depart no more. i860 Geo. Eliot Mill on Floss i. xii, W'here the black ships unlade themselves of their burthens.

c. To unburthen or relieve by the removal or discharge of something. Chiefly and const. of. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 263 b. To unlade you ^some cholericke humours, c 1600 Chalkhill Thealma & Cl. (1683) 127 Cattel gan to low Homewards t’unlade their

UNLADEN milky bftgs. i6S8 Pulptt-Saytngs 29 \N*hen a Man unlades himself of all his Sins. 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. 1. i. Let me unlade my Breast. 1898 Watts-Dunton Ayltcin vii. iii, L’nladtnft the mind of the trash previously called knowledge.

2. To discharge (a cargo, etc.) from a ship. X427>8 Rec. St. Mary at HUi 68 For cariage of ij lode fro Cambrcffges key, ladyng & NuladN'ng. xitij d. 1542-3 Act J4 & J5 fien. I'JIJ, c. 9 §4 That no pcrsone..doo caste or unlade out of any.. ship.. Balast rubbishe gravell or any other wracke. 1590 Webbe Trot'. (Arb.) 19 \Vc N-nladed our bourthen at Narre. 1612 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. .App. V. 467 Goodes to be discharged, unladen, or brought in. 1661 Godolphin Ftetc Adtmr. yunsd. Introd. b3b. A Lighter, or Skiff, or the Ships Boat into which part of the Cargo is unladen for the lightning of the Ship. 1722 De Foe Plague (1754) 246 They would not suffer them.. to unlade their Goods upon any Terms whatever. 1725 Pope Odyss. XVI. 375 They moor the vessel and unlade the stores, a 1864 Hawthorne Sote-bk. (1868) 1. 164 Huge trunks and bandboxes (were] unladed and laded. 1884 Harper's Mag. June 52 1 All cargoes must be unladed between sunrise and sunset.

b. To discharge or get rid of; to put off or lay down (a burden, etc.); to unpack or bring forth. Chiefly fig. 1591 Spenser Daphn. Ixx, There will I.. the huge burden of my cares \*nlade. 1599 Ch-APM.an Humorous Days Mirth F4b, Forth and vnlade the poyson of thy tongue. 1639 J. Shirley Maid's Ret-, ii. i. D3, Ere you let fall words of welcome. Let me unlade a treasure in your eare. 1812 Crabbe Tales, Arabella 283 When all inquiries had been duly made. Came the kind friend her burthen to unlade. 1821 La.MB Elia I. Imperfect Sympathies, He., unlades his stock of ideas in perfect order.

3. absol. To discharge a cargo or cargoes. 1547 Prhy Council Acts (1890) II. 466 If he unladed there, he might caiy the \'>'tayles a good wey after by the river. 1568 Grafton Chron. H. 567 The ships..were forced to \*nlade at Douer. 1666 Land. Gaz. No. ^ 2 .4 large Swede .. is likewise arrived with Deales, and is to unlade in this Harbor. 1774 E. J.\cob Fax-ersham 15 W^herc the ^eat Vessels used to unlade. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 24 Large ships may.. lade and unlade close to the ware houses. 1863 Susan W.\rner Old Helmet xxxv. At Tonga she was detained a week and more, unlading and taking in stores. 1879 Farr.ar St. Paul II. 405 The wharfs where the barges .. were accustomed to unlade.

b. To discharge a burden, contents, etc. .Also fig1629 Massinger Picture iv, ii, ^ ou may safer run vpon The mouth of a cannon, when it is \~nlading. 1717 Bullock Worn, a Riddle 1. i. What adventure is this you are so full of? come, unlade, unlade. 1862 Goulburn Pers. Relig. III. viii. (1873) 226 While caravans were unlading or making up their complement of passengers.

fA.trans. To discharge (a fire-arm). In quot. fig1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, eexliii. Thus over¬ charg'd Sc yet \*nwilling to Vnlade Himselfe by the first Match that came.

Hence unlading ppl. a. 1607 CHAPM.A.N Bussy d Ambots ill. ii. 38 1*11.. so thump his liver. That, like a huge unlading Argosv, He shall confess all.

unladen, p/>/. a.

UNLATCHED

97

[un-^ 8 b.] Unloaded.

?i8o2 Forster Arabian Sights (1839) 393 i. I was returning from Balsora with my camels unladen, which I had conducted thither with go^s to be embarked for India. 1820 Shelley Witch Atl. IxA-iii, The wizard-maiden .. with an eye serene and heart unladen. 1849 Eastwtck Dry Leaves 70 ^nd no camels unladen, if you have wherewith to lade them. 1930 Road Traffic Act 20 Geo. V 24 in Pari. Papers /929-jo IV. 140 The weight unladen of any vehicle shall be t^en to be the weight of the vehicle.. exclusive of the weight of water, fuel or accumulators used for the purpose of propulsion. 1959 Motor Manual (ed. 36) xiii. 270 ‘Unladen weight' is open to all sorts of interpretation and may bear little relation to what the caravan weighs when it eventually comes to the customer.

unlading, vbl. sb. [f. unlade r.] The action of unloading or discharging. 1428-9 Rec. St. Mary at Hill 70 Also paid .. for pe carnage ladyng Sc vnladyng, ix d. 1627 J. T.\ylor (Water P.) Savy of Land Ships Wks. (1630) 82 i The often retumes, lading and \*nlading of this ship. 1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2656/2 That no such.. Vessel shall be above Ten days in Unlading. 1726 Leont Alberti s Archit. I. 75 b, For the more easy unlading of the Shipping. 1818 Sporting Mag. II. 161 Hogarth has already given the picture of the unlading of a stage coach. 1^9 Eastwtck Dry Leaves 210 Affording great facilities for the unlading or shipment of cargoes,

Sc

b. attrib.y as unlading place, port, time. x6ix Florio. S/kirro,.. [an] vnlading place for ships. x68i

Cal. Treas. BAi. 7 The books of the unlading port. 1755 Macens Insurances 1. 48 The customary unlading Places in that Port. X884 J. Parker Apost. Life III. 61 We must have landing places, and unlading times,.. in life.

un'ladyfied. ppl. a. (un-*

6 c.) i6x2 N. Field Worn, a Weathercock v. ii. Know That I am married to this gentleman... What case I find being unladified!

unladylike, a.

(UN-* 7 c.) 1824 Miss Mittord Villagt Ser. 1. 229 A ver>discreditable and unladylike partiality, of which I am quite ashamed. 1856 Whyte-Melsille Kate Coventry i. 4 She said it was improper and unladylike, and even unfeminine.

unlage, obs. variant of unlaw. unlaid, ppl. a. and sb. [un-* 8 b. Cf. ON. lilagdr; also Du. ongelegd, G. ungelegt (of eggs).] 1. a. Not laid, placed, or set. 1468-9 Poston Lett. Suppl. (1901) 124 The lenger that it (sc. the roof-tilej lythe unleyd the wers it wyll be. 1570

Levins .Mamp. 197 Vnlayd, non posttus. 1597 Hooker EccI. Pol. V. Ivi. §5 The first foundation of the world being as yet vnlayd. 1656 Osbor.ne .4th-. Son Lett.. Wks. 1722 1. B 5.

no difficulty in perceiving how our two unlanguaged men will proceed.

TTie severest Curse remaining in the custody of Fortune, yet unlaid upon me. 1872 Daily Seres 12 .Aug., The spot where the final stone of the great structure yet hung unlaid.

1846-8 Lowell Btglotc P. Ser. 1. li. Introd. Let.. The unlanguaged prartlings of infants, i860 Faber Bethlehem 100 To what numberless unlanguaged and unsung Magnificats did not all this give nse.

b. ? Laid out (as a corpse); laid in the grave. CX635 B. JONSON Undencoods, Petition Chas. /. Parts of me they judg'd decay'd; But we last out still unlay'd. c.

Of

a hedge: (see lay r.* 6 b).

x868 Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 255 If., the shoots arc cut toward the bottom grov^Th of the wood as downward in an unlaid one, or against the leaning direction of the layers in a laid hedge.

d. Of a woman with whom no one has had, or a particular person has not had. sexual intercourse, slang. X962 ‘E. McBain’ Like Love (1964) iv. 56 ^^*hat it all meant was: i. Gaspipc. 2. Sober. 3. Unlaid. 1977 Sunday Times 27 Mar. 42 2 A thousand places visited and not absorbed, a thousand paperbacks unread, a thousand unlaid airhostesses.

2. Of spirits: Not laid by exorcism. 161X Sh.aks. Cymb. iv. ii. 278 Guid. Ghost tmlaid forbeare thee. Arui. Nothing ill come neere thee. 1634 Milton Comus 434 No evil thing that walks by night... Blew meager Hag, or stubborn unlaid ghost,.. Hath hurtfull power o're true NTrginin*. 1780 Burke (Econ. Reform III. 297 Ghosts of unlaid accountants, haunt the houses. 18^ Moore Epist. vni. i. Pagan spirits, by the Pot^ unlaid. X83X WoRDSw. 'The forest huge' 11 The feudal Warrior-chief, a Ghost unlaid. Hath still his castle. 1888 (title). Unlaid Ghost: a Study in Metempsychosis.

3. Not laid open, out, etc. x6o8 Shaks. Per. i. ii. 89 How many worthy princes’ bloods were shed, To keep his bed of blackness unlaid ope. 1674 N. Fairf.ax Bulk & Selv. 62 Though they be unlaid out in themselves, they may be laid out by body laid in.

4. Not covered or plated U'ith something. 1648 Hexha.m Lettinc.

II,

Ongebleckt,

Vnlaid

with

plates

of

5. In technical uses, e.g. of a rope (see lay r. 37), of paper (see laid ppl. a.), etc.

un'lanterned, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1826 Lamb Elia ii. Pop. Fallacies xv. It has a sombre cast. ..derived from the tradition of those unlantem’d nights.

un'lap, V. Now rare. [uN-* 4.] 1. Irons. To uncover by withdrawing a cloth or the like. .■Mso refl. and fig. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. .A. 214 .As schorne gblde schyr her fax J>enne schon. On schylderez ^>at leghe vnlapped byte, c 1440 York Myst. xxx. 256 Vnlappe vow bel>’\'e wher ye lye. 1656 B.axter Reformed Pastor 3^ If a cripple do but unlap his sores. 1664 Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (x^ob) I Satisfied with this, they did not unlap the body. 1809 AR. Edgeworth Man(Euvring xv. The influence of her.. prettiness, joined to the power of my mother's irresistible address have almost lapped me in elysium... But.. 1 unlapped myself. 1886- in dial, glossaries, etc. (Vks., Lancs., Chesh.)

2. To unfold; to spread open. Also intr. *rant loth’d,.. Poj'soncd he dies, disgrac’d, and vTilamented. 1626 Massinger Rom. Actor V. ii. Such as governed only by their will,.. unlamented fall. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. § 115 He died unlamented by any, bitterly mentioned by most. 1717 Pope Elegy Unfort. Lady 43 Thus unlamented pass the proud away. 1818 Shelled' Rosal. & Helen 231, I watched.. My husband's unlamented tomb. 1896 Pop. Sci. Jml. L. 277 The old SA-stems that lie unlamented in their graves.

X483

Cath. Angl. 208,2 Vn Large, illeberalis.

unla'scivious, a.

7.)

(uN-' 1593 Nashe Strange Setces E3 There is no other unlasci^ious use or end of poetry but to.. magnifie vertue.

un'lash, t'. [un-* 4 b.] 1. Irons. To detach or release by undoing a lashing. 1748 S.mollett R. Random xxvi. Our hammocks.. were immediately unlashed. 1850 R. G. Gumming Hunter's Life S. Afr. (1902) 102 2 Returning to the waggons, 1 commenced to unlash riom the side of one of these a shovel. 1862 C/)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1743 Shenstone Elegies xix. 12 He blam’d, unlavish’d in pursuit of pow’r.

My time,

'u^aw, sb. [OE. unlasu (un-* 12), = ON. ulog (pi.). Icel. 6l6g, Norw. ulag, Sw. olag, MDa. uloe (Da. ulov).] 1. Illegal action; illegality. After the early t4th cent, only in occasional Sc. use revived by recent writers.

^d. Dtpl.

but

(Lieberm.) I. 236 irxt man rihta laje " vnlasa seorne afylle. a 1200 in Kemble IV. I ^ Ich nelle su66en Sat man hym eny unlawe

^el ? H 3uf. .eni man made is pel, juf me dude him vnlawe. 01300 Cursor M. 10106 be lauerd (lat bidd he man wit-stand, Vnlau it es to tell in land 1303 R. Brunne Hand! Synne 8795 3yf hou dedyst euer hat PorW.R '*’“'* °**'e of holy cherche to drawe. 1318 Sc. Acts rant. U844) 1-471 Torth & noun raysoun quod dicitur wrpgetplaw 14.. Ibid.^^TU Bothai hald na court of lyfe and lym hot of jniur and vnreson hat is to say wrang and plaw. 1609 Skene Reg. Mat., Stat. Robt. J.23 S2 lang as he or his preloquutour defends tort and non reason tLt is wrang and vnlach (that is to haue done na iniurie, no^ vnreason agains the Law).

1598 Manwood Laws Forest xvi. 92 The owners.. are to be amerced 3^* for the keeping of such Dogges vnlawed. 1659 Termes de la Ley 163 b/2 A privilege to keep Doggs within the Forrest unlawed without punishment. 1685 Brady Hist. Eng. App. 142 (tr. Charter of Forests), He whose Dog at such time shall be found unlawed. 1913 Contemp. Rev. Oct. 560 It was considered a great honour to be allowed to keep unlawed dogs for pleasure of the chase.

2. Exempt from law. 1880 Mem. interference.

2. Not permissible; contrary standards or spiritual principles.

to

moral

?c 1475 Knight Curtesy 120 (Ritson), The knight.. Which with your lady was talkinge Of love unlawfull pryvely. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 45 They profyte moche in y« refreynynge.. of vnlawfull pleasures. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. v. i. 51 Hath not else his eye Stray’d his affection in vnlawfull loue? 1601-All's Well iii. v. 73 May be the amorous Count solicites her In the vnlawfull purpose. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. iii. 206 That Anabaptisticall.. tenet.. that all warres were utterly unlawfull under the Gospel. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 178 f4 The allurements of unlawful pleasure. 1827 Lytton Falkland 81 How fearful, how selfish, how degrading, is unlawful love! 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vii. II. 244 He cannot be accused of having deviated from the path of right in search..of unlawful pleasure.

3. Of persons: Not obeying the law; acting or ruling illegally. 1429 Rolls of Parlt. IV. 344/1 Unlaweful hunters of Forestes, Parkes or Warennes. ? 1536 Anne Boleyn in Harl. Misc. (1809) HI. 62 Mine offence being so lawfully proved, your Grace is at liberty.. to execute worthy punishment on me as an unlawful wife. 1581 Satir. Poems Reform, xliv. 319 Moyses forbad 30U to giue the nichbouris vyf To the vnlauchful hushandis cumpanie. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. IV. ii. i6, I haue beene an vnlawfull bawd. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Pari. I. (ed. 2) 49 These Lawes .. are the Acts of the . . Courts themselves, which are lawfull; not of the usurping King, who is unlawfull. 1859 Dickens T. Two Cities ii. i, The unlawful opener of a letter was put to death.

4. Contrary to rule; irregular. 1729 T. Cooke Tales, etc. 208 The same Word in the Greek and Latin likewise has unlawful Degrees of Comparison. 1836 J. R. Major Guide Grk. Trag. 117 In lambic verse it is unlawful to divide the anapaest between two words.

15. As atftj. = next. Obs. *477 io Surtees Misc. (1890) 27 William Bacon holdes ij dogges unlawefull.

unlawfully, atft’. [un-* ii.] 1. In an unlawful manner; illegally. a 1310 in Wright Lyric B. xvi. 53 That he wolde.. Me lede to my lyves ende, unlahfulliche in lyhte. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. IV. 290 As he sauter shewep by suche as yeuen mede, hat vnlawfulliche lyuen, hauen large honden. 1414 Rolls of Parlt. IV. 57/1 The processe of myn outelawery was unlawfully made. 1456 Sir G. Have Lote .4rms (S.T.S.) 134 Injure or violence unlauchfully usurpit. 1549 Cheke Hurt Sedit. (1569) D iij b, If their goodes.. shall vnlawfully and ™orderly.. be spoyled. 1653 Urquhart's Logopandecteision H iij b, Unlavvfully-acquired goods. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N.T., Mark i. 44 The unlawfully called and bad priests. 1710 Act g Anne c. 16 If any Person .. shall unlawfully attempt to kill, or shall unlawfully assault.. one of the most Honourable Privy Council. 1824 Mackintosh Sp. Ho. Comm. I June, Wks. 1846HI.401 Whether a British subject has been lawfully or unlawfully condemned to death. 1844 Kinglake Eothen xxv, The Mahometan authorities .. were conscious of having acted unlawfully.

2. Illegitimately. 1552 Elyot, Illegitimi, vnlaufully begotten, bastardes. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 132 Athir Bastardis, or vnlawfollie gottin and home. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. ill. i. 196 Rather., then my sonne should be vnlawfullie borne. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 203 What Part I, being unlawfully born, may claim of the Man’s Affection who begot me. 1755 Johnson, Illegitimate, unlawfully begotten; not begotten in wedlock.

J. Legge 291 Miracle is not an unlawed

unlawtul, a. and adv.

unlawfulness, [un-* 12.] 11. Unlawful (or disloyal) conduct. Obs. [un-* 7, ii b.]

1. Contrary to law; prohibited by law; illegal. a 1300 Cursor M. 29516 J>at cursing tald vn-Iaghful es bat ordir wantes and right-settnes O lagh. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. IX. xxvi. (Bodl. MS.), It was iholde vnlawefulle to goo more wey one be seturdaie. c 1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3024 Here ye thes vnlawful reasouns Mi lord the Soudon seith vs among. 1475 Cov. Leet BA. 418 Vnlaufull & hurtfull ordenaunces made by the seid dyers. Ibid., Vnlaufull othes and wrytynges. 1515 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 13 Wilham Flemynge usith .. unlawful! mesures, that IS to seye, an unlawfull yerde. 1581 [see next]. 01613 OvERBURY A Wife, etc. (1614) B4b, Some lawfull things to be auoyded are, When they occasion of vnlawfull be. 1652 Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 449 Anie other prohibited places and unlawful Ports whatsoever, in the Kingdoms of Denm^li, Sweden, and Norway. 1667-8 Marvell Corr. The unlawfull meetings of Papists ^d Non-conformists. 1805 Southey Madoc in W. xv. 131 Becket did excommunicate thy sire For his unlawful marti^age. 1891 Farrar Darkn. & Baton liv. A fresh edict.. which declared Christianity to be an unlawful religion.

b. unlawful assembly: 1841).

(see

quots.

1581

1485 Rolls of Park. VI. 287/2 Maintenance, Imbracerie, Kiotts, or unlawfull Assemblie. 1549 Act Edw. IV c s {heading). An Acte for the punyshment of Unlawfull Assemblyes. 1581 Lambarde Eiren. i. xix. 175 An Vnlawful Assembly is, ye company of three persons (or more) gathered togither to doe.. an vnlawfull acte. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxii. 122 It is not a set number that makes the Assembly Unlawfull, but such a number [etc.]. 1664 Act 16 i^as. II, c. iv. 9 Every person who shall.. suffer any such Lonventicle, unlaw’full Assembly or Meeteing aforesaid to be held in his or her House. 1714 Act Geo. /, c. 5. 5 Any such unlawtul, riotous, and tumultuous Assembly. 1841 Penny Cyc/. XX. 17/1 It is an unlawful assembly when great numbers of people meet together with such circumstances ot behaviour as to raise the fears of their fellow-subjects, and to endanger the public peace.

c. Of offspring: Illegitimate. ® vi. 7 All the vnlawfull issue, that their Imst Since then hath made betweene them. 1833 I^SRAELI Cant. Flem. i. i, The unlawful children of Ignorance and expediency.

c 1500 Melusine i. 14 Ye ne oughte to retche ne care more of the vnlawfulness [F. desleaulte] & falshed of oure fader. *53* Tindale Exp. i John (1537) 53 That the Englyshe calleth here vnryghteousnesse the Greke called Anomia, vnlawfulnesse or breakynge y' lawe. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage {1614) 28 The Formal! part of sinne, being nothing else but a deformitie.. and vnlawfulnesse in our naturall condition.

2. The quality of being unlawful; illegality. *593 Sidney's Arcadia ill. (1922) II. 48 Now that love.. had awaked her spirits, and perchance the very unlawfulnes of it had a litle blowne the coale. 1631 Gouge God’s Arrows I. §18. 25 That shewes the frailty of the person, not the unlawfulnesse of the action. 1673 S. Dugard (title). Marriages of Cousin Germans, Vindicated from the Censures of Unlawfullnesse and Inexpediency. 1720 WoDROw Corr. (1843) H. 522 The treatise I sent you of the Unlawfulness of Limited Episcopacy is answered. 01779 Warburton Alliance ii. Wks. 1788 IV. 190 The unlawfulness of tithes,.. the unlawfulness of oaths 1824 Mackintosh Sp. Ho. Comm. i June, Wks. 1846 III. 415 The unlawfulness and nullity of the proceedings. 1874 Motley Barneveld II. xviii. 86 Doctors ever wanting to prove the unlawfulnesse of law which interferes with the purposes of a despot.

b. Illegitimacy. (Todd. 1818.)

unlawlearaed, a. (un-* 9.) 1^0 Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Def. Econ. (1830) 23 To a plain and unlaw-leamed understanding, they cannot both be good.

un'lawlike, a. (un-* 7 c.) 1649 Milton unlawlike.

Eikon. vi. 53 A remedy so slender and

unlawly, adv.\ see UN-* 3. tun'lawty.

Sc. Obs. unfaithfulness.

[un-* 12.]

Disloyalty,

*456 Sir G. Have Law Arms (S.T.S.) 172 Of this wrechit disobeysaunce cummys untreuth and unlautee. 01568 in Bannatyne MS. (Hunterian Cl.) 766/32 Go follow thame, quha list vnlawty leir.

UNLAWYERED 1602 NIiddleton unlawycr’d man.

Phoenix iv. i. One quiet, suffering, and

un'lawyer-like, a. (un-‘ 7 c.) 1869 Taylor & Dubourc Netu Men & Old Acres in. S3 Everything hurried through in the most unlawyer-like manner. 18741 viSLE Carr J. Gwynne I. iii. 84 Nor were these talents much marred by those unlawyer-like attributes. t unlay, sb. Sc. Obs. UNLAW sb. 2.

[un-* 12 + lay

=

1503 Sc. Acts.Jas. IV{1814) II. 242/2 At I>at be ane punt of dittay in tyme to cum, and at \>e vnlay t?erof be x li. Ibid., Item, as anent X>e vnlay of J>e grene wod.

unlay, v. [un-® 3.] trans. To untwist (a rope) into separate strands. 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World 436 Till we could unlay our best cable to make more. 1748 Anson's Voy. n. ii. 13 5 We were.. obliged to unlay a cable to work into running rigging. 1831 Jane Porter Sir E. Seaward's Narr. I. 123, I also took thence a piece of rope, which I unlaid. ci86o H. Stuart Seaman’s Catech. 28 Unlay the other two strands.

unlay'holdable, a. (uN-^yb.) i860 W. W. Reade Liberty Hall I. xv. 304 The Proctor caught Maidiow..in one of those trivial unlayholdable offences.

unleached, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1804 in J. Roberts Penn. Farmer iii Are leeched or unleeched ashes most beneficial as manure? 1847 Webster S.V., Unleached ashes. 1884 L. F. Allen New Amer. Farm Bk. 8x Eight bushels of unleached wood ashes. Jrnl. Sch. Geog. (U.S.) Oct. 288 Unleacht samples of many rocks.

unlead, dial.: see unlede a.

1591 Percivall Sp. Diet., Desplomado, liuelv, vnleaded. 1611 Florio, Spiombare, to vnleade. a 1661 Fuller Worthies, Norwich li. (1662) 275 A very fair structure, but lately unleaded, and new covered with tyle. 1801 Carter Cathedral Ch. Durham 5 The Galilee was unleaded, and its demolition was determined on.

un'leaded, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not weighted, covered, or furnished with lead. i6ii in Essex RetK XV, 47 The church is unleaded and unshingled. 1648 Hexham ii, Ongeloot, Vnleaded, or Vnplumbt. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 Aug. 2/2 The motion of the death-curtain, hanging free and unleaded from its headrope, would be inconceivably graceful.

Not spaced with leads; ‘solid’.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 23 May 7/1 Tucked away in an unleaded telegram.. is an item which may possess some significance.

3. Of petrol, etc.: without added lead. Also ellipt. 1965 Oil Gas Jrnl. 20 Dec. 26/1 The industry association will make a study next year of the cost of producing unleaded gasoline. 1970 Daily Tel. 14 Oct. 11/8 While a change to unleaded petrol reduces exhaust emission and engine deposits.. it necessitates a reduction in the compression ratios to cope with lower octane fuels. 1981 J. D. MacDonald Free Fall in Crimson iv. 38 He pulled up to the pump... He took six and four-tenths gallons of unleaded, which came to eight sixty-four.

un'leaf v. [un-® 4.] trans. = unleave v. 1598 Florio, Sfogliare,.. to vnleafe. 1611 Cotgr., Despamper, to vnleafe,.. pull the leaues off a Vine, &c. 1811 H. G. Knight Phrosyne 40 Stern Winter.. Unleafs the forest, and unchains the wind.

un'leafed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1848 Lowell Vision of Sir Launfal ii. Prelude 7 The chill wind.. carried a shiver.. From the unleafed boughs and pastures bare.

tun'league, t;. Obs.~^ (un-® 3.) c 1645 I Iowell Lett. (1650) II. 107 Monsieur dela Chatre ligu’d you, let him then unligue [F. desligue] you.

t unleaguer, v. Obs.—^ [un-® 3.] trans. To cause (an army or leader) to abandon an investment. 1592 Greene Conny Catch, ii. A 2, Though I can-not as he [sc. Scaevola].. attempt to vnleager Porsenna; yet [etc.].

unleakable, a. (uN-^yc.) 1902 C. Baker's Catal. Microscopes, etc. 34 A Solid [Glass] Trough .. practically unleakable.

unleal, a. Now arch, [un-* 7.] disloyal, dishonest, false.

Unfaithful,

a 1300 Cursor M. 13173 Wit him-self he wex ful wrath, .. pat men suld hald him for vn-lele. Ibid. 25167 Vr praier es vn-lele And askes gains vr saul hele. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints vii. (Jacob) 456 Sa l>at na lele man suld forfare amange vnlele pat wckit ware. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. xiv. 69 Bot>e louye and Icne pe Icellc and pe vnleelle. C1430 in Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1903) 203 )>ou lyuest a letcherouse lijf vnleel. 1456 Sir G. Have Law Arms (S.T.S.) 30 Untrewe and unlele to thair soveraynis lordis. 1528 Lyndesay Dreme 313 Sum part thair was of vnleill Lauboraris. ^1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxiii. 2^ Hir fenjeit wordis fals,.. And als the luik vnleill Of hir bricht fair ene twane. 1848 Lytton Harold i. i. Words so unleal and foul. Ibid. xil. v, I hold it.. disgrace to barter words with a knight unleal.

funlean, a. 0^5.“* (un-*7.) c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 96 But se thyn ayer be feir, and lond vnlene.

unleared, ppl. a. Obs. exc. dial. [OE. united (un-* 8), = ON. ulserdr (Icel. olaerdr, MSw. oldrdker, Sw. oldrd. Da. ulaerd). Cf. OE. unselsered, MDu. ongeleert, etc.] Unlearned, untaught; ignorant. c 1200 Ormin 17*17 hatt do)? uss tunnderrstanndenn wel J?att he wass 3et unnlseredd Off )?att. a 1300 Cursor M. 13884 Qua herd euer man sua spell, Man vnlerd o boken lare. 1340 Hampole Pr. C. 5947 ham pat er unlered men. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 11 Suche as stode of trowthe unliered. a 1425 Cursor M. 22454 (Trin.), Hidur is good ))at )>ei drawe,.. And here wel pat I shal sey pat he wende not vnlered awey. 1552 Abp. Hamilton Catech. (i88a) 26 Thai that ar. .unleirit in haly writ. 1876 Whitby Gloss. 206 Unlared, or Unleear'd, unlearned.

un’learn, v. [un-* 3. Cf. MDu. ont-, onleren, older FI. ontleeren, MLG. and G. entleren.] 1. trans. To discard from knowledge or memory; to give up knowledge of (something). In very frequent use from c 1630. C1450 tr. De Imitatione i. xi. 12 Withstonde )?yne inclinacion & unleme evel custom. 1547 Baldwin Mor. Philos. (1551) Niij, The best kynde of leamynge is to vnlearne our euyls. 1575 Vautrollier Luther on Ep. Gal. 188 It is to vs no lesse labour to vnlearne and forget the same. 1612 Brinsley Lud. Lit. (1627) 9 Those things which are hurtfull,.. they must bee taught to vnlearne againe. 1686 W. DE Britaine Hum. Prud. i. 2 The most necessary learning for mans life, is to unlearn that which is nought and vain. 1779 Mirror No. 12, As they have learned many foreign, so have they unlearned some of the., best understood home phrases. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab iii. 6 Thou hast given A boon which I will not resign, and taught A lesson not to be unlearned. x866 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xviii. 363 The habits of centuries were not to be unlearnt in a few years.

b. absoL, or const, with inf.

unlead, [un-® 4 + lead sb.] trans. To divest or strip of lead.

2. Printing.

UNLEAVED

99

un'lawyered, a. (un-' 9.)

1530 Palsgr. 76SI2 It is a payne to lerne thynges, but a man may unleme by goyng a huntyng. 1584 Lyly Campaspe ii. ii, Alex. How should one learn to be content? Diog. Vnleam to couet. 1631 P. Fletcher Piscatory Eclog. 111. xi, How canst unlearn by learning to forget it? 1649 F. Roberts Clavis Bibl. 351 In these I learn to shun sin, I un¬ learn to blush at repentance for offences. 1799 Monthly Rev. XXX. 120 According to an axiom founded on daily experience, to unlearn and forget are very difficult. 1823 Monthly Mag. LVI. 125 It is.. long since the Romans have unlearned to conquer. 1868 Lowell Parting of the Ways 59 That way lies Youth, and Wisdom, ..For only by unlearning Wisdom comes.

2. To unteach. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 7 [The microscope] wil ocularly evince and unlearn them their opinions. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) V. 495 Legal learning .. can never have unlearnt a man the difference between three and one and a half. 1863 Susan Warner Old Helmet V, I must unlearn you a little of your kindness. 1893 Harper's Mag. Dec. 6112 He’s jest said what I ’ ve been a-learnin’ ’im. .. But he’s got to be unlearned.

Hence un'learning vbl. sb. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 7. 46 Art is only the unlearning of what is unnatural. 1873 E. H. Thompson Baron de Rendy ii. 43 A school for the unlearning of every Christian.. feeling of compassion.

unlearna'bility. (un-* 12.) 1777 H. Walpole Corr. (1846) V. 473 The pleasure of correcting my awkwardness and unleamability.

unlearnable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1846 Worcester (citing Ed. Rev.).

unlearned, ppl. a. [un-* 8. Cf. unleared ppl. a. and OHG. ungelirnet (MHG. -lernety -lehrnt, G. -lernt).] 1. Not possessed of learning; uninstructed; untaught; ignorant. C1400 Maundev. (1839) xvii. 184 How it semethe to symple men unlerned, that [etc.]. C1420 Wycliffite Bible (1850) I. 67/2 Bothe of the lemed man and vnlerned. 14.. Lat. ^ Eng. Prov. (MS. Douce 52) fol. 27 Better is a chylde vnbome )>en vnlerned. 1537 in Bury Wills (Camden) 131 Because I am rude and vnlernyd, and know not the scriptur. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Luke x. 21 margin. The humble vnleamed Catholike knoweth Christ better than the proud learned Heretike. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxix. 169 These three opinions.. proceeded chiefly from the tongues, and pens of unlearned Divines. i^9 Bentley Phal. 331 Andronicus’s name was prefix’d to it by a Modem and a very Unlearned Hand. 1765 Museum Rust. IV. 450,1 will now .. give a free translation of it for the sake of your unlearned readers. 1854 Whittier Maud Muller 79 She wedded a man unlearned and poor. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 198 But if you were not wise you were unlearned.

b. Spec. (See quots.) 1643 Baker Chron. (1653) 236 Another Parliament.., named the unlearned Parliament, either for the unlearnednesse of the persons, or for their malice to learned men. 1878 Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xx. 401 The year 1404, when Henry IV stirred up strife by excluding lawyers from his ‘unlearnedparliament’ [at Coventry].

2. absol. Those who have no learning. C1500 Babees Bk., etc. (1868) 23/126 In p\ dysch sette not p'\ spone,.. os vn-lernyd done. 1549 Olde Erasm. Par. Ephesians Prol. to Rdr. Cii, To seke the edification of the pfayne vnleamed. 1578 Bible (Geneva) Pref. to Christian Reader, I haue so done for the vnleameds sake. 1656 Stanley Hist. Philos, v. 50 He useth variety of names, that his work may not easily be understood by the unlearned. 1712 Addison Spect. No. 457 IP4 An Account of the Works of the Unlearned. 1746 Francis tr. Horace, Art of Poetry 644 With all the Horrours of a desperate Muse The Learned and Unlearned he pursues. x886 Fortn. Rev. Oct. 508 We must acknowledge, too, that experts know better than the unlearned.

3. Not skilled or versed in something.

1565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Rudis, Vnleamed in the Greeke tongue. r x6oo Shaks. Sonn. cxxxviii. Some vntuterd youth, Vnleamed in the worlds false subtilties. 1607 - Timon iv. iii. 56, I know thee well: But in thy Fortunes am vnlearn’d, and strange. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 150 Unlearn'd in all th’ industrious arts of toil. 1833 Tennyson ToJ. S. v, Alas! In grief I am not all unlearn’d. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay viii, Unlearned in the world’s lore which was so familiar to himself

4. Characterized by want of pertaining to the unlearned class.

learning;

1526 Tindale 2 Tim. ii. 23 Folisshe and vnleamed questions. 1589 Marprel. Epit. D iij b. His booke is a carnal! and vnleamed booke. 1604 Herring Def. Cax'eat (title-p.). That unlearned and dangerous opinion, c 1657 Cowley Ude Dr. Harvey v, A barb’rous Wars unlearned Rage. 1785 Burke Sp. Nabob Arcot Wks. IV. 316 The unlearned and vulgar passion of admiration. X844 Stanley Arnold (1858) II. 146 An unlearned familiarity with the Scriptures. 1^75 Whitney Life Lang. x. 187 The unlearned speech of the lower orders.

5. Not acquired by learning. (Cf. unlearnt.) X534 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Cv, That there shuld be nothyng vnlerned of hym, ne aboue all sciences sette his mynd to Cosmography. X607 Markham Cavel. HI. i. 4 My first Arte were better vnleamed then for want of this latter to doe euill by misir^loyment. x6xx Shaks. Cymb. iv. ii. 178 ’Tis wonder That an inuisible instinct should frame them To Royalty vnlearn’d, Honor vntaught. 1644 Milton Educ. 3 Mispending our prime youth.. in learning meere words or such things chiefly, as were better unlearnt.

un'learnedly, adv. (un-* ii; cf. prec.) 1532 More Confut. Barnes viii. Wks. 786/2 He shall speake very vnlemedly. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. Ixvi. 631 It is fondly and vnlearnedly named in Englishe, Dittany. X651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 239 Some.. unleamedly and boldly scold about.. unprofitable matters. X689 W. A. Herbert's Account Examined 3 He very unleamedly clogs the Definition of a Dispensing Power. 1834 Beckford Italy II. 226 He., entered minutely and not unleamedly into the ancient jurisprudence .. of his country.

un'learnedness. [un-* 12.] The condition of being unlearned; want of learning; ignorance. 1562 Turner Baths i b, The vnlearnednes.. of the Physiciones. 158X W. Clarke in Confer, iv. (1584) F fj, The errour and vnleamednesse of your distinction appeareth. 1643 [see unlearned ib]. 1674 W. Allen Danger Enthus. 18 Your Leaders manifest a strange degree of Unleamedness in the things of the Gospel, when [etc.]. X72I Bailey, Illiterateness, Unleamedness.

un'learnt, p/>/. a. [un-* 8 b.] = unlearned 5. X879 Farrar St. Paul i. v. I. 97 The inference that the gift of unlearnt languages was designed to help the Apostles in their future preaching.

un'leased,/>/>/. a. [un-* 8.] a. Not held or let on lease, b. Not having a lease. X716 Lond. Gaz. No. 5467/3 Lands unleased. x8ox Farmer's Mag. Apr. 143 Landlords.. compelling their unleased tenantry to sell below market-price. 1906 Daily Chron. 30 Aug. 3/3 The proceeds derived from ordinary Crown lands unsold or unleased.

unleash, v. [un-* 4 b.] trans. To free from a leash; to set free in order to pursue or attack. Chiefly fig. 1671 Phillips (ed. 3), To unleash,.. to let go the dogs after the Game. x82x Shelley Hellas 357 Like beasts When earthquake is unleashed. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. xxvi. 418 The bloodhounds of war were unleashed and England had unleashed them. 1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy 48 With power to check all rage until it turned To ordered force, unleashed on chosen prey.

unleast, a. rare-', (un-* 7.) c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 487 Another craft vnlest is: Fro floor to floor to chaunge hit ofte, his fest is.

t unleast, obs. var. unlest unless adv. X574 J. Dee in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 34 Unleast your honor had putte your helping hand. x6ox Yarrington Two Lament. Trag. iii. ii. in Bullen O. PI. IV, I nam’d not God, unleast twere with an othe.

unleave, v. [un-* 4; cf. unleaf v.] a. trans. To strip of leaves. Hence unleaving vbl. sb. 1589 PuTTENHAM Eng. Poesie III. XXV. (Arb.) 309 The good gardiner.. vnleaues his boughes to let in the sunne. 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. Handie-crafts 136 Somtimes they do the far-spread Gourd unleave. x6ii Cotgr., Effueillement, an vnleauing. 1648 Hexham ii, Ontbladeren, to Vnleave, or, to Take away the Leaves.

b. intr.

To lose or shed leaves,

rare.

1880 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 88 Margaret, are you grieving Over Goldengrove unleaving?

unleaved, ppl. a.' leaves.

[Cf. prec.]

Stripped of

1598 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. i. Eden 122 Amorous Myrtles and immortall Bays Never un-lcav’d. x6xo G. Fletcher Christ's Viet. ii. lix. Ode 25 Sec, see the flowers.. How they all unleaved die. X624 Heywood Gunaik. iv. 171 Behold how this lettice now unleaved looketh. 1870 Rossetti Poems, Ho. Life v. Nor quite unleaved [is] our songless grove.

un'leavedypp/. /. a.

(un-* 8 b.)

ri6ix Chapman Iliad ii. 615 Yet were his men unleft Without a chief. 1634 Ford Perk. Warbeck v. iii, Your father .. Would blush on your behalf, and wish his country Unleft. X659 Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 179 All malladies and goutes vnleft behynde at Bathe.

unleg, V. ledd

1586 in Bk. Unit’. Kirk Scotl. (1839) 298 We hold the said proccs and sentence as unled, undecydit or pronuncit.

Hence f un'leefulness.

*377 Langl. P. PL B. Prol. 213 Seriauntz .. nou^t for loue

1889 H. Johnston Glenbuckie iv, The hank she had left me to unleeze was truly a tangled one.

i6xs G. S.ANDYS Trot'. 66, I haue scene but few go away vnled from the Embassadors table, 1693 Dryden Ovid's Met. xni. Acis & Gal. 52 Here on the midst he sate; his Flocks, unled. Their Shepherd follow'd. 1758 Monthly Rev. 503 Already reckoning captives yet unled. 1817 Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 305 The people [were] not only unled by their leaders, but in opposition to them. 1859 Tennyson Geraint & Enid 577 His gentle charger following him unled. 1569 Richmond unledd.

UNLESS

lOO

(UN-*

4.)

1598 Florio, Sgambare, to vnleg. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes HI. v. 100 That is to say, with three hard words, un¬ mule, un-leg and un-able, Alanso Lopez.

unlegaciedf ppL a. (un-* 8.) 1556 Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 149, I will that my said sonne .. shall have.. of my goods .. on hundreth pounds and the rest vnlegased to be parted betwix barbare and hym. X846 Worcester (citing Q. Rev.).

unlegal* a.

(un-* 7, 5 b.)

1643 Prynne Open. Gt. Seal 29 The unlegall wilfull absence of the.. Lord Keeper from the Parliament, a 1810 Tannahill Poems (1846) 68 Selfish, mean, unlegal deeds. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 10 July 3/1 The illegal—or let us say the unlegal—interference of the English Government.

unlegalized,/>/>/. a. (un-* 8.) Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized^ Further Extr. Const. Codex (1830) 23 Accustomed, though unlegalized profit in every shape, i860 Froude Hist. Eng. VI. 267 He hated lies—legalized or unlegalized. 1830

unlegally,

(un-*

ii.)

x888 Pall Mall G. 3 April 3/1 If such a delicate matter as extradition were left to be dealt with unlegally.

unlegate, 7;. [un-* 6 b.] trans. To deprive of the office of legate. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 111 Sone after, the bishop of Rome .. vnlegated hym, and set another in his stede. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xvii. 150 The Cardinal] is UnLegated, and that Power conferred upon the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury.

t unlegated, p/)/. a. Obs. [un-'8.] Not left by will. 1562-3 N.C, Wills (Surtees) II. 38 My goodes unlegated I doe give to my brother.

unlegged, a.

(un-*

9.)

x6o8 Topsell Serpents 609 This monster.. nor man nor dragon is.., But man unlegged, and snake unheaded.

tunlegible,

a.

[un-*7, 5

b.] Illegible.

1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. x. i. §57. Sgz/z The letter was ..somewhat vnlegible. 1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. i. vi. 150 Perceivemg my joy in rny Face, it inflam’d his to such a degree, that for a good while his choller was unleagible in any thing else. 1671 Wood Life (O.H.S.) II. 226 The base and unlegible hand of the translator.

un'legislative, a.

(un-' 7.)

1791 Bentham Panopt. n. Postscr. 165 More unlegislative minuteness, more unthrifty fixation. t

unle'gitimate, a. Obs. Illegitimate.

[un-' 7, 5 b.]

1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. i. vn. 347 Shee persever’d in a Passion which tended to.. a more vnlegittimate end. tunle'gitimate,

ppl. a.

Sc. Obs.

[un-'

8b.]

Not legitimated. 1516 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. unlegittimate be ony mariage.

23/1

t unle'gitimate, ti. Obs. make illegitimate.

[un-^

1606 Marston issue.

Borne

bastard

and

6 a.] trans. To

Parasit. ii. C4b, I will vnlegittimate the

'1’°'“’ christiane menis flesche and

un'leisured, a.

t un'leesable, a. Obs. [uN-'yb.] Incapable of being lost. '1^^’"■'c'’ ^6 Saving grace unleesable, though it may be impaired in the degrLs.

is

(un-'

9.)

01586 Sidney Arcadia 11. xxv, But her vnleasured thoughtes ran not ouer the ten first wordes. 1644 Milton .4rcop (Arb.) 56 Unlesse he carry all his considerat diligence . .to the hasty view of an unleasur’d licencer.

Hence un'leisuredness.

1661 Boyle Style of Script. To Rdr., The Unleisurednesse, and Rellish of the Unsetl’dnesse of the Wandering Author.

fun'leke, v. Obs. [un-* 3 + leke (cf. leke, ME. pa. t. of LOUK f.').] trans. To unlock (a door). CI380 Sir Ferumbras 1264 Florippe hure drow to anoper part, & par an dore ounlekes pat drow to pe putte ward, & doun in the pyt sche strekes.

fun'length. Obs.-^

[un-' 3, 12.]

Shortness.

01250 Owl & Night. 752 Hwy atwitestu vnstrengpe & myne vngrete & myn vnlengpe.

me

myne

un'lent, ppl. a. (uN-' 8 b.) 1*775 Ash.] 1887 Daily News 11 June 2/1 Much depends .. upon the amount of the unlent surplus of money.

unlered: see unleared ppl. a. unless (an'les), prep, phr., prep., conj., and sb. Forms: a. 5 of lasse, 00 lesse, o less, oless(e. Sc. oles, 9 Sc. aless. )3. 5 vpon less. y. S in lasse, yn las, 5 in less (9 dial, inless), 6 inlesse. S. 5 on lasse, 5-6 onlesse, 6 oon-, oneles, -lez, 5-7 onles, 9 dial. onless. e. 5 vnlasse, 6- 7 vn-, unlesse, 6 vnles, 6unless. [f. less a. 7, with the preps, of, in, upon, and on; the last of these by want of stress has been assimilated in form to the prefix UN-'. Cf. less conj., also unleast, unlest.] fl. prep. phr. On a less or lower condition, requirement, footing, etc., than (what is specified). With preceding negative, expressed or implied.

c 1400 Maundev. (1919) xxi. 122 But pat may not be vpon less pan wee mowe falle toward heuene. Ibid. (Roxb.) xxv, 118 [see LESS a. 7 c]. 1475 Rolls of Park. VI. 127/1 His Land, which many persones ., fere to take .., olesse then they myght be made verrey sure of payment, a 1500 in C. TriceMartin Chanc. Proc. 15th C. (1904) 5 Robert wil not suffre hym to be laten to baile on lasse than he will make.. a general! acquytaunce.

2. Except, if.. not; fa. With retention of than (cf. prec.), but without a negative. Obs. *43* Acts. Privy Counc. IV. 96 It shulde be entendede unto, namely, olesse pan before p' men can se.. p' meenes.. of ferper conduyt of p' werre. 1:1449 Pecock Repr. in. xvi. 386 Alle hise successouris ben .. excludid for euer, in lasse thanne the same good be 3ouun ajen. 1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 408 Vppon peyn of euery man so failynge, vnlesse then he haue a sufficient depute, of x\.d. 1530 'Tindale Gen., Prol. Use Script. A v, Inlesse then we entend to be ydle disputers, and braulers aboute vayne wordes.

fb. Followed by that. Obs. 1440 in Wars Eng. in France (1864) II. 458 The kyng conceyueth wele that onlesse that it like him so to tendre the said due he [etc.]. 1470-85 Malory Arthur 1. x. 47 Onlesse that our kyng haue more chyualry,.. he shal be ouer-come. 1529 WOLSEY in Cavendish Life (1825) II. 261 Onles that yow.. do helpe & releve me therin. 1534 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 211 [They] cowde not..sell so myche.. onelez that they wold sell so reassonable a pennyworthe. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. iii. 39 Ne would I gladly combate with mine host,.. Vnlesse that I were thereunto enforst.

c. With omission of conjunction before the subordinate clause, and thus passing into conj. (Cf. 4.) Freq. in phr. unless and until. 1509 Fisher Serm. Wks. (1876) 277 There is no man., oneles he haue it by reuelacyon that knoweth certaynly [etc.]. 1542 Lam. Piteous Treat, in Harl. Misc. (1745) IV. 505/2 It was a verey daungerous and ieoperdous Thinge,.. inlesse they had been..weryd by longe Soiourynge. 1563 Mirr. Mag., Blacksmith Ixviii, For one [talent] is to much, onles it be well spent. 1607 in Eng. Gilds {i^yo) 442 Margery Davies, .wold not remove her habitacion onles she might haue a way., to passe [etc.]. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacrae H. iii. §5 Will God condemn them for that, which it was impossible they should have, unless God gave it them? 1710 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 8 Oct., I was at a loss to-day for a dinner, unless I would have gone a great way. 1752 Young Brothers i. i, Dominion, and the princess, both are lost, Unless you gain the king. 1820 Southey Wesley II. 211 No person was admitted to this rank, unless he were thought competent by the preachers of the circuit. 1877 Rcskin Fors Clav. Ixxx. VII. 234, I am never angry with anybody unless they deserve it. 1937 D. Jones in Le Maitre Phonetique Apr.-June (Suppl.), We should as a rule stick to that pronunciation unless and until we find another native whose speech we have reason to think is more characteristic. 1956 A. Wilson Anglo-Saxon Attitudes ii. ii. 335 Mother and son had both arrived with the fixed determination of not leaving unless and until either of the two women .. should have paid handsomely to secure their departure. 1983 Times i Feb. 15/1 Unless and until the government also proposes the abolition.. of the GLC, the savings in public money are likely to be minimal.

d. Followed by a prepositional or participial clause without verb, or by when, where, etc. *548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Offices, Bapt. Priv. Ho., [That] the people.. defer not the Baptisme of infantes., onlesse vp on a greate & reasonable cause. 1610 Fletcher Faithful She^. v. v, [Let] not wine, Unless in sacrifice, or rites divine, Be ever known of Shepherd. 1681 Dryden Abs. & Achit. I. 590 Nor ever was he known .. [to] Curse, unless against the Government. 1721 Bradley Philos. Acc. Wks. Nat. 77 We had no Frost or Snow.., unless in the most Inland Parts. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xvii. ix, Jones passed above twenty-four melancholy hours by himself, unless when relieved by the company of Partridge. 1789 Charlotte Smith Ethelinde (1814) II. 147 But I dare not shew them, unless to you. i8x8 Scott Rob Roy v, A beautiful horse, jet black, unless where he was flecked by spots of.. foam. X897 Mary Kingsley W. Africa 439 They never wear clothes unless compelled to.

3. prep. a. Except, but.

UNLESSENED ZS3I-2 /Jet 23 Hen. VIII, c. i That no suertye be taken onles suchc as maye dvspende.. yerly .. xxvi.s. viii.d. 1563 Hill Art Garden. 11. fxiv. (1574) 132 The floures.. ought then to be gathered.. vnlessc the Lilly., and Rose. 1600 Heywood IJyou knotc not me Wks. 1874 I. 205 All forbeare this place, vnlesse the Princess. 1683 D. A. Art Converse 117 They say nothing unless a meet yes sir or no Madam. 1709 T. Robinson Sat. Hist. Westmoreld. viii. 51 Inconsistent.. with the Nature of Lead. Copper, Coal, or any other Mineral, unless Iron. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 33 Unless the Swedish part... the Laplanders can be said to be under no regular government. 1SS6 Pall Mall. G. 4 Aug. 1/2 He did not believe that he would ever obtain anything.. unless a species of elevated poor-law system of government. tb. Without; but for.

Obs.

*536 St. Papers Hen. VIII (1830) I. 469 Soo that, unles the most infinite mercy of God, both bodyes and soules shuld perishe togither. 1796 Mrs. J. West Gossip's Story I. 190 You instilled into my infant soul principles, which, unless my own fault, must insure my present and future happiness. t4.

conj. a. Lest. Obs. 1508 Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cii. W'ks. (1876) 142, I fere.,

oneles I shall fall agayne amonge those theues. 1543 Becon Invect. agst. Su'earing E iiij b, I feare vnlesse we shall be redy .. to runne hedlong into hell fyre. a 1592 Greene Alphonsus I. i. Presume not, villaine, further for to go, Vnles you do at length the same repent.

Obs.~ ' 1608 in Harl. Misc. (1744) I. 181 A Flea shall not frisk

tb. But that.

forth, unless they comment upon her. 5.

sb. An utterance or instance of the word; a

reservation, prov'iso. 1861 Dickens in Pall Mall G. 24 Sept. (1891) 3/2 Let us have no unlesses, sir. 1904 Hichens Woman ivith Fan vii. There’s very often an unless hanging about, like a man at a street corner.

ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1736 Butler Anal. i. i. 31 This active power.. remains unlessened. 1842 J. B. Fraser Alice Neemroo II. 99 His un'lessened,

uneasiness remained unlessened and unaltered. 1891 C. M. J. Mitford's Lett. Remin. 163 His love for me remained unlessened. un'lessoned.

tun'lest. obs. var. unless.

(Cf. unleast.)

1535 in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden) 91 The dean wolde not resign unto hym, unleste he wolde leffe hym other possessions. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. C8b, May subiects.. rise against their prince? No, at no hand, vnlest they will purchase to themselues eternall damnation. 1599 Thynne Animadv. (1875) 19 Difference of armes semethe a difference of famelyes, vnleste you canne prove that.. they altered their armes vppone somme iuste occasione.

a. Also 5 unlate, 6 unletton. (UN-^ 8 b;

cf. LET ppl. a.) 1453 Paston Lett. Suppl. (1901) 49, I know not oon rode unlate, but alle ocupyed to your profyghte. 1537 in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden) 163 The house.. wiche was unlct at the tyme of owre repare thether. 1545 Act 57 Hen. VIII, c. 12 §16 Hawles of Craftes.., soo long as they bee keapte unletton. 1769 Gray in Corr. G. ^ Nicholls (1843) 93, I believe all that are unlet will be cheap as the time approaches. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt ii. Having three farms unlet. 1885 Law Times 28 Mar. 384/2 In the present day, when unlet land is becoming so common. un'lettable, a.

(uN-'yb.)

In frequent use from c 1895. 1882 Ch. Times XX. 21, I fear to find myself with a[n].. unlettable glebe on my hands. 1893 Dk. Argyll Unseen Found Soc. X. 305 Farms which have been unlettable. fun'letted,

ppl.

a.

[un-^

8.

Cf.

MLG.

ungelettedy etc.] Unhindered. a 1500 Chaucer's Dreme 1831 A bird song full low and softely,.. Unletted of every wight, a 1553 Becoj^ Jewel of Joy Wks. 1564 II. 35 The holye scripture requireth of us.. an vnletted perseueraunce in the vaye of Godlines. t un'letten,/)/>/.

a. Sc. Obs. [un-* 8 b.] Not let

or allowed. 1574 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 87 That all., vagaboundis.. be committit in ward in the commoun presoun;.. thair to be kepit vnlettin to libertie,.. quhill thay [etc.]. unlettered, Du.

unlettered peasant. 1867 Augusta Wilson Vashti xxv, Sturdy but unlettered mechanics. absol. 1751 Johnson Rambler No. 180 1^2 The unlettered and unenlightened. 1812 G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit. Pref. 14 That the learned arc sometimes too confident, and the unlettered always too credulous. 1861 Stanley East. Ch. viii. (1869) 273 Sacred pictures.. are the Bibles of the unlettered.

b. Pertaining to, characterized by, ignorance of letters. 1588 Shaks. L.L.L. iv. ii. i8 After his.. vnpolished, vneducated,.. or rather, vnlettercd .. fashion. 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subi. 11. (1703) 99 Books.. give a more universal insight into things, than can be learned from unlettered observation. 1763 J. Brown Poetry Music iv. 36 Savages .. in their present unlettered State of Ignorance and Simplicity. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. vii. 423 An upright stone still forms the unlettered memorial of his odious end. 1820 Hazlitt Lett. Dram. Lit. 186 They were learned men in an unlettered age. a 1864 Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) I. 142 His conversation has much strong, unlettered sense.

a.

[un-* 9.

Cf. MDu.

ongeletterty

ongeletterd.]

1. Not instructed in letters; not possessed of book-learning.

c 1340 Hampole Prose Tr. 32 Ano|>er mane .. unletterede may noght so redyly hafe at his hand Haly Writt. 13^7 Tre‘\'ISA Higden (Rolls) VTl. 181 A man forsope.. l)ai was unlettred, but ful myghty in money. C1440 Alph. Tales 468 When l>e abbott Pambo was vnletterd, he went vnto a man pat was letierd [etc.]. 1544 Leland Y. Gift in Itin. (1768) I. p. xix. The Italians..counte..al other nations to be barbarus and onletterid saving their owne. *593 [see UNLECTURED ppl. a.]. 1624 Gataker Transubst. 156 As children or unlettered persons, when they looke on bookes, know not the power of the letter. 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. 36 Such a lost construction, as no man either letter’d or unlctter'd w'ill be able to piece up. 1747 Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) p. xxiv. Easy to be applied by plain unlettered Men. 1781 Cow per Conversat. 12 As alphabets in ivory employ..the yet unletter’d boy. 18x7 Chalmers Disc. Chr. Revel, ii. 86 The mind of an ordinary and

where judging of them as unliable to error. 1710 Norris Chr. Prud. vii. 297 Things that..are not so unliable to Disorder and abuse.

un'libbed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 324 They vse to geld them in March..; afterw'ard being well nourished, they [rc. gelded horses) are no lesse strong.. then other vnlibbed.

un'liberal, a. rare-°. (un-‘ 7.) 1570 Levins Manip. is Vnliberall, Florio, Inliherale, vnliberall, sparing.

illiberalis.

x6ii

un'liberalized,/>/>/. a. (un-* 8af.) 1793 J. Williams Mem. W. Hastings 40 Are there any so unliberalized as to insist, that.. the calumniated should only be allowed a passport to Peace from Death?

un'liberated, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

C1440 Promp. Parv. 366/1 On-letterydly, illiterate. 1653 E. Waterhouse Apol. Learn. 120 Ignorance and unletterednesse ill becomes aiw man who bears the Image of God. 1890 Bp. Hobhouse Churchw. Acc. (Somerset) p. xxiii, The entire unletteredness of the community.

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 411/1 The removal of pressure upon the nerves, produced by the advancing and unliberated tooth. 1865 Reader 14 Oct. 430/2 The irregular weapons of a still unliberated press. 1970 Time 31 Aug. 18 Unliberated honorifics like ‘Mrs.’ and ‘Miss’ are replaced by the noncommittal ‘Ms.’. 1971 S. Berman Underground Guide to College of your Choice 144 Most chicks are still unliberated and the virginity index is still quite high. 1975 Listener 9 Oct. 486/4 Ann is.. the unliberated woman striving for acceptance in a permissive world. X98x J. Sutherland Bestsellers vii. 85 The unliberated condition of woman—incarcerated, flagellated, degraded, violated —was celebrated time and again.

unleueful. variant of unleeful a. Obs.

unli'bidinous, a. (uN-' 7.)

2. Not expressed in, or marked with, letters. 1633 P. Fletcher Poet. Misc., Asclepiads 1 Unleiter’d W’ord, which never eare could heare. 1782 [T. Maude] Verbeia 37 This unlettered tomb is in a mutilated state.

Hence f un'letteredly adv.y un'letteredness.

t un'levable, a. Obs. [uN-*7b.] Unbelieving, incredulous. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xvi. 29 Be thou not vnleeuable to the wrd of hym. 14.. Voc. in Wr-Wiilcker 589/23 Incredulus, unlefable.

t un'leveful, a. Obs.-' [uN-* 7: cf. unbeliefful a. and OE. ungeleafful.] = prec. 1382 Wyclif was vnleeueful.

Ecclus. xxiii. 33 In the lawe of the he3est she

ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

C1550 Walker Dice-Play Dvb, Pety figgers, and vnlessoned laddes. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. iii. li. 161 An vnlessoned girle, vnschool’d, vnpractiz’d. 1807 J. Barlow Columb. V. 673 To Fame’s hard school the warm disciples came, To learn sage Liberty’s unlesson’d lore. 1882 Century Mag. XXIV. 658/1 That unlessoned insight which comes of loving them.

un'let,pp/.

UNLICKED

lOI

un'level, a. (un-* 7; cf. illevel a.) 1571 Digges Pantom. i. xii. Diijb, How vneuen or vnleuell so euer the ground bee. 1644 Quarles Sheph. Orac. iii. All things were unlevell. And rude disorder crept into our State. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxiv. 338 The small un-level lying of every Sheet.. makes each Sheet incline to the lowest side of the Heap. 1771 Ann. Reg., Usef. Projects 109/2 That unlevel pastures may be ploughed down without any injury. 1817-8 Cobbett c/.S. (1822) 286 A place situated.. upon high and unlevel lands. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts Ser. 1. 36/1 Should the cloth have got unlevel.

un'level, [uN-^6a.] trans. To make uneven; to divest of levelness. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia iii. xi, [The] place.. was so plaine, as there was scarcely any bush, or hillock, either to unlevell, or shadowe it. 1624 Quarles Div. Poems, Job xix. 10 His Lunatick affections doe vnleuell, What Heauen created by iust Waight and Measure. 1648 Herrick Hesper., To the Fever 8 Come thou not neere that Filme so finely spred. Where no one piece is yet unlevelled. 1703 [R. Neve] City C. Purchaser 189 There are as many places that seem to be unlevel’d, as there are level’d. 1834 Southey Doctor xlvi. (1862) 109 In 1723 the church floor and church-yard, which had both been unlevelled by Death’s levelling course, were levelled anew.

un'levelled, ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] Not made level; not reduced to a level condition. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxiii. 184 Where Cheshire.. with Lancashire doth lie Along th’ unlevel’d shores. 1730 Tickell Kensington Garden 30 Where all unlevell’d the gay Garden lies. 1854 Dora Greenwood Haps & Mishaps Tour Eur. 30 The grandeur of its yet unlevelled walls and towers.

t unleventhe, obs. variant of eleventh a. 13.. Coer tempest.

de L. 2455 The unleventhe day they saylyd in

v.

449

But in those hearts

1450 Rolls of Parlt. V. 211/1 The Subsidie..is yit unlevied and unpaied. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 5 The residue of the said dett.. remayning unlevied or unrecevvid by the said former execution. 1569 Lane. Wills (Chetham Soc. 1884) 31 Fyve hundrethe marks .. or so muche therof as shalbe then unlevyed. 1634 Ir. Act 10 Chas. I, Sess. lil. c. 7 §2 [= quot. 1540]. 1864 Morn. Star 2 Feb., Arrears of unlevied poor rates.

formal license to carry on some occupation, industry, etc. X634 in joth Rep. Hist. MSS. Commission App. IV. 428, 100 unlicensed alehowses. X643 [see 2 a]. X746 Francis tr. Horace, Epist. ii. i. 154 A doubtful Drug unlicens’d Doctors fear. 1845 McCulloch Taxation ii. x, A fine.. rigorously exacted from unlicensed dealers. 2855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. XX. IV. 417 With great difficulty and after long search the most important of all the unlicensed presses was discovered.

b. Not furnished with authority, sanction, or formal permission to do something. x6o8 Shaks. Per. i. iii. 17 Why, as it were unlicens’d of your loves, He would depart. I’ll give some light unto you. 2685 Baxter Paraphr. N.T. To Rdr. A 3 b, The Papists restraint of the Laity unlicensed, from reading it translated in a known Tongue. 2725 Pope Od'y'55. xiii. 175 To warn the thoughtless self-confiding train No more unlicens’d thus to brave the main. 2795 Southey 7®^” 0/ Arc iv. 414 Did she upon thyparting steps bestow Her free-will blessing, or hast thou set forth .. unlicensed and unblest?

2. a. Of books, etc.: Published without licence. 2643 Order in Milton's Areop. (Arb.) 27 All unlicensed Printing Presses, and all Presses any way imployed in the printing of scandalous or unlicensed Papers. 2644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 53 All scandalous and unlicenc’t books. 2647 {title). An (Ordinance against unlicensed or scandalous Pamphlets.

b. Not authorized or sanctioned. 2649 Jer. Taylor Apol. Liturgy §135 Many such cases will occurre in .. unlicenc’d prayers, a 2704 T. drown Dial. Dead, Reas. Oaths Wks. 1720 IV. 184 Is any..of the good People of Doctors Commons [turned] to unlicens’d Marriages? 2728 Pope Dunciad iv. 228 For Attic Phrase in Plato let them seek, I poach in Suidas for unlicens’d Greek. 2829 Scott Leg. Montrose Introd., No less would our sexton ..have held it an unlicensed intrusion. 2856 Froude Hist. Eng. II. 193 The clergy had promised to abstain.. from unlicensed legislation.

3. Free from requiring a licence. 2644 Milton {title), Areopagitica: a Speech.. For the Liberty of Vnlicenc’d Printing, To the Parlament of England. 2863 H. Cox Instit. 1. ix. 146 This act was kept in force., until 1694, when., it expired. The liberty of unlicensed printing dates from that period.

1768 R. Dossie Elaboratory 290 The cinnabar should be procured .. in an unlevigated state.

ppl.

a.

Obs.

[un-'

io.]

a 1300 Cursor M. 20852 pe apostlis pat all wide war spred, ..til our lagh pe vnleuand led. 1382 Wyclif Isaiah xxi. 1 [He] that vnleeuende [ 1388 vnfeithful] is, vnfeithfully doth.

tun'lewty. Obs. [un-‘ 12.] Disloyalty. a )?et unliden ham pe put. 1693 R. Lyde Retaking a Ship 17, I answered, alle abau, for I don’t want your help, and then they.. unlid the Scuttle and went down. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 116 The pitmen often.. ’neath many a loosen’d block. Unlid coffins in the rock. 1853 c. Bronte Villette xiii, Not a paper but was glanced over, not a little box but was unlidded.

un'liddedt ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] Not furnished or covered with a lid. 1819 Keats Song Four Faeries 86 My bare unlidded eyes. x868 Browning Ring & Bk. iii. 1366 If, with the midday blaze of truth above. The unlidded eye of God awake. 1897 Mary Kingsley W. Africa 208 These pots.. are unglazed, unlidded bowls.

tunlief, a. Obs. [OE. Mn/eo/(uN-^ 7), = MDu. (Du.) onliefy OHG. unliupy unleuby MHG. unliep (G. unlieb)y ON. uljujry Goth. unliubs.'\ Not dear or valued; disliked, distasteful, unpleasant. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 189 De lichame..and pe gost.. fliten and winnen bitwenen hem, pat al pat is on unlef and unqueme, hit is pat o6er iqueme. C1400 Destr. Troy 2949 Therfore saintes to seche and to sere halowes,.. it ledis vnto laithnes and vnlefe werkes. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas i. i. (1544) 2 Theyr.. unware mischief.. It was to them ful uncouth and unlefe. Pa 1500 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 42 To all men thou shalbe unleflFe,.. And over all sette at naughte. 1513 Douglas JEneid xii. xiii. 48 Sustenand thus ..euery stres, baith lesum and onleif. a 1596 Sir T. Chaloner in Harington's Nugae Ant. (1804) II. 379 Nat so unleef, that I shold Nvysh To be thy Trojan wyfe.

1818 Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck II. iv. 75, I see the chaps are living, an’ no that unlife-like, as a body may say. 1881 Athenaeum 19 Nov. 664/3 The Highland characters of his present story are not unlifelike.

un'liftable, a. (un-‘ 7 b.) [^775 Ash.] 1818 Art Preserv. Feet 93 Facts., not of sufficient importance to form the basis of a huge unliftable quarto. 1854 Ferrier Inst. Metaph. 59 Suppose he were to call the latter the unliftable, the imponderable without any qualification.

un'lifted,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) [177s Ash.] 1815 Byron Destr. Sennacherib v, The tents were all silent,.. The lances unlifted. 1882 Ainger Lamb v. 94 The cloud of domestic anxiety was still unlifted.

un'lifting,/>p/. a. (un-^ 10.) ^845 Mrs. Norton Child of Islands 131 Veiling dear eyes .. With an unlifting veil.

un'ligable, a. rare-'. [uN-‘7b.] Incapable of being bound. 1653 R. Baillie Dissuas. Vind. (1655) 70 Remember what you assert of unligable Proteus.

un'light, a.' [un-^ 7 + light a.' Cf. ON. lilettr (MSw. olatter), MHG. unlihte.'] Not light (in weight or feeling); heavy. CI320 Sir Tristr. 419 He toke his lod vnhjt. Ibid. 1039 A launce vn-hjt. c 1440 Ipomydon 472 He.. takith hys leue with hen vnlyght 1480-1 J. Watton Spec. Xristiani 46 A temple .. With walles and pylers here onlyght.

rare~^. [un-» 7 -h light bright or clear; dark, obscure.

1587 Golding De Mornay xxii. 389 Princes vnlightened by Cod, are so desirous of vainglorie. 1627 Hakewill Apol. 35 Onely this part of [Christendom].. remaines.. vnlightned, in the ciarkenes of ignorance.

2. Not lighted up; unbrightened; funlighted. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (Maitland Cl.) I. 113 A glorious altar sett with .. two unlightned candles, and two basins. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida in. ii. 19 Whilst she did remain Unlightened with a beam of comfort. 1852 Bailey Festus (ed. 4) 42 Some seem to live, Whose hearts are like those unlightened stars Of the first darkness. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 2 May 2/2 Sombre gloom, unlightened save for the red staves of the inverted halberds.

unlightsome, a. (un-^ 7.) 1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 17 This dark vnlightsome place. 1594 C^hapman Shadow of Night 30 When vnlightsome, vast, and indigest, The formelesse matter of this world did lye. 1667 Milton P.L. vii. 355 Of Celestial Bodies first the Sun A mightie Spheare he fram’d, unli^tsom first. 1686 J. S[ergeant] Hist. Monast. Convent. 167 The place of Election is very unlightsom, as having but a few Lights.

unlignified,/>/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) 1875 Bennett Sc Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 100 An unlignified gelatinous thickening-mass. 1878 Masters Henfrey's Elem. Bot. (ed. 3) 414 The cell-walls consist of unlignified cellulose.

un like, a. and sb. r orms: 3-4 un-, vnlich, 4 -liche (-lichy, 5 onliche), -leche; 3 unnlic, 4 vnlic, -lijc, 4-5 vnlyk, 5-6 vnlyke (6 -leke), 3- unlike. [ME. unllchicy unlik(e (UN-^ 7), corresponding to OE. unselic uniliche a. Cf. OFris. (NFris.) unliky obs. Du. onlijky MLG. (LG.) unliky ON. ulikr (Icel. oUkuYy MSw. olikety olikoy Sw. oliky olikoy MDa. uligy uligCy Da. and Norw. uligy Norw. ulik).-]

unlifelike> a. (un-^ 7 c.)

unlight,

un'lightened,/>/)/. 6.] Not dismounted. c 1400 Destr. Troy 3-446 He raght to the reynes of Jie richt qwene,.. And led hir vnlight into a large halle.

t un'light, p/)/. a.* Obs. [un-‘ 8 b.] = next i a 1500 Three 15th Cent. Chron. (Camden) 104 The torcheunhght met hym at the steyre foote.., and so went byfort hym un yght to the chirche. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas i ii 670 As lighted Candles doe th’ unlight inflame.

un'lighted, ppl. a. [un-> 8.] 1. Not lighted; not set on fire; unkindled 169. Ad Populum Phalerx ii, Ask him but whence unlighted Candles came? 1718 Prior Solomon iii. 708 The sacred Wood, which on the Altar lay. Untouch’d, unlighted glows. 1863 T HORNBLIRY True as Steel III i6*The

1. Not like or resembling, different from, dissimilar to (some other person or thing). C1200 Ormin 16859 Forr all patt folic let tatt he wass Unnlic all oJ>err lede. a I'zzs Juliana 14 Ich am iweddet to an ..peis unlich him. 1390 Gower Conf. I II. 64 He was unlich all othre there. 1553 Ascham Germany Jf 14 He thought it his most honor to be vnlykest such for his gentlenes, which were misliked.. for their crueltie. 1596 Shaks. Merck. V. 11. ix. 56 How much [thou art] vnlike my hopes and my deseruings! 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 183 [The banana] giues a most delicious .. rellish, not much vnlike our choicest Peares. 1676 Glanvill Ess. vi. 30 Those, whose Genius and Ways are so unlike him. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 221 A form enormous! far unlike the race Of human birth, in stature. 175® tr* Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 112 Some jaspers are not much unlike red porphyry. 1829 Jas. Mill Hum. Mind (1869) II. 252 As unlike to any of those.. as the sensation of white is unlike the sensations of the seven prismatic colours 187s JowETT Plato (ed. 2) I. 401 The philosopher has notions of good and evil unlike those of other men.

b. Const, to; also (quot. i873)/rom. i340“7® Alex. 6? Dind. 271 Oure lif Sc cure lawe vnlich is to 3oure. C1400 Rom. Rose 6360 Vnlyk is my word to my dede. c 1450 Myrr. our Ladye 224 How vnlyke worldely worshyp is vnto gostly ioye. 1531 Elyot Gov. ii. xiv, This maner of flatery is mooste unlyke to that whiche is communely used. 1556 Olde Antichrist 116 b, Two heades .., farre unlyke the one to the other. 1670 Baxter Cure Ch. Dtv. 238 You would shew yourselves much.. unliker to Satan the accuser. 1825 Scott Betrothed xiv, Their very saints are unlike to the saints of any Christian country. 1873 Pater Stud. Hist. Renaiss. 80 They were of a spirit as unlike as possible from that of Lorenzo. 1876 Gladstone Glean. (1879) II. 271 He was very unlike to any other man.

2. Not like each other; different, dissimilar. Gen. & Ex. 1726 D03 him boren 6es ones bles Vnhke maniae and likeles. c 1380 Antechrist in Todd Three Treat. Wyclif (1851) 150 Loke Cristis copborde, and hers; ^d pel ben ful unlichy. 1565 Stapleton tr. Bede's Hist. Ch. Eng. yb, The parties there wer farre vnleke of condition. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, ii. xxiii. §29 The unlikest in the worlde; the one being fierce..; the other solemn. 1641 Milton Ch. Govt. i. iv. 13 -rhere can be no possible imitation of Lording over their brethren in regard of their persons altogether unlike. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v.. Unlike Quantities and Signs in Algebra. 1807 Crabbe Par. 1 ^“3 How fair these names, how much unlike they look. 1842 Francis Diet. Arts, Unlike quantities, in algebra are such as are expressed by different letters, or different roots or powers of the same letter. 1889 Gretton Memory’s Harkb. 125 We may take together two other Judges,.. as unlike as the bear and the innate gentleman. ?T m Unlike.

Unlike.

.Res. II. V, 'This approximation Ibid., In this case of the Like-

b. sb. pi. Dissimilar things or persons 1612 W. SCLATER Sick Souls Salve i He amplifies it in a comparison of unlikes. 01626-Comm. Malachy (1650) 66 It IS battled in a plenary comparison of unlikes. 1857 J. PULSFORD Quiet Hours 43 Like can reach like, and act upon It, in a way that unlikes cannot. ^

3. ta. Differing from others of the kindincomparable; unusual. Obs.

UNLIKE 1390 Gower Conf. II. 275 Bot certes such usure unliche It falleth more unto the riche. 14,. R. Gloucester's Chron. (MS. Digby 205) fol. 26 He was in his lyue euer ryjt ryche Of richesse before al oper he was vnliche.

b. Differing from, dissimilar to, the thing or person in question. Also absol. CI374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. vi. (1868) 138 Ne it ne is nat an vnlyke miracle to hem pat ne knowen it nat. X542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 5 Nor a muche vnlyke aunswere dyd Wylliam, late archebishop of Canterbury,.. gyue vnto me. 1595 ,Daniel Civ. Wars v. Ixxxii, He saw prepaid, against his side, Both vnlike fortune, and vnequall force. 1667 Milton P.L. vi. 517 Part hidd’n veins diggd up (nor hath this Earth Entrails unlike) of Mineral and Stone. 1847 Helps Friends in C. Ser. 1. 1. ix. 166 Not only like likes like, but unlike likes unlike. 1865 Swinburne Atalanta 620 A god Faultless; whom I that love not, being unlike. Fear, and give honour. 1877 E. R. Conder Bas. Faith ii. 81 Awaiting the presence of unlike atoms to call them forth in turn.

c. sb. others.

A person differing from another or

13.. Sir Beues (A.) 1099 Her is., min vnliche, Brademond king, pat is so riche. [Cf. uniliche sb.] 1875 JoWETT Plato (ed 2) III. 219 The just does not desire more than his like but more than his unlike. 1896 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 494 As long as it remains a stranger and an unlike.

4. Presenting points of difference or dissimilarity; not uniform or even; unequal. ^ Cursor M. 7917 (Fairf.), \>eT was wonande pat was vn-like ij men a pouer and a rike. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Vl. 289 t>ere was unleche noumbre of array of kny3tes, for a^enst an hondred.. come a powsand. 1535 CovERDALE Ecclus. xxvi, 7 Whan an vnlike pare of oxen must drawe together, c 1550 H. Lloyd Treasury of Health b 5 If the water do appeare vnlike of substance. 1642 J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Justif. 261 That unlike likenesse betweene Adam and Christ, which the Apostle speaks of, Rom. 5. 1645 Milton Tetrach. 9 Where the different sexe in most resembling unlikenes, and most unlike resemblance, cannot but please best.

5. Unlikely, improbable. Now dial, or arch. a. With subordinate clause. 11400 Destr. Troy. 565 The perlouse pointtes pat passe you behoues, Hit is vnlike any lede with his liffe pas. 1400-10 Clanvowe Cuckoto & Night, ix. Hit is vnlyk for to be That eny herte shulde slepy be [etc.]. 1535 Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) 1. 413 It is not vnlike but that the saide Duke hathe ben deceyued. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1663) 235 Neither is it unlike, but that these circumstances might be. i6io Healey St. Aug. Citie of God, Vives’ Comm. viii. xi. 317 It is vnlike that so sharpe a wit.. found not the difference and multitude of things. 1729 T. Innes Grit. Essay (1879) 230 In process of time., it is not unlike there might come .. new colonies from Spain. 1795 Southey Joan of Arc Iii. 401 Whether so [it is] not unlike Heaven might vouchsafe its gracious miracle, a 1905 in Eng. Dial. Diet. (YTts., Warw.).

b. With inf. 1400-10 [see a]. 1538 Henry VIII in Wyatt’s Wks. (1816) II. 498 Unjust.. demands, and unlike to proceed out of a willing heart to conclude. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher, ill. xviii. 54 Being through age unlike to live one whole yeare. 1626 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 286 He thought the Match very unlike to be effected. 165s Earl Orrery Earthen. 1. i. 26 This Arabian was not altogether unlike to escape unpunished. 1665 Boyle Occas. Relf. i. iii. 168 Blessings, that I do not so much as know of, and which consequently I am very unlike particularly to acknowledge,

t c. Without likelihood of something. Obs. — ' 1559 Mirr. Mag., Fall R. Tresilian xiv, Thus all went to wracke vnlyke of remedie.

un'like, adv. Forms: 4-5 vnliche, 4 onlyche; 4-7 vnlike (5 -lyk, 6 -lyke), 7, 9 unlike. [uN-‘ 11 b. Cf. UNILICHE adv.] tl. a. Unevenly, unequally; in a higher or lower degree. Obs. a 1300 Fragm. Seven Sins 55 in E.E.P. (1862) 20 Worldis wel fallip vnliche, and no3t euch man ilich. 1390 Gower Conf. HI. 89 Theologie in such a wise Of hih science and hih aprise Above alle othre slant unlike, c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. VIII. xvi. 2594 Na man., euer coup tell.. A maire commendable memore, As pai did of pis pure kinrik, In pat hatall bodin vnlike.

fb. Incomparably. Obs. 14.. R. Gloucestefs Chron. (MS. Digby 205) fol. 19b, Cloten hadde most ri3te to pis kyngeryche But pe opere were strenger & rycher vnliche [v.r. onlyche]. CI425 Cursor M. 5325 (Trin.), he kyng lete write lettres 3are To gider alle .. i>e beste in pat londe vnliche.

2. fa* Difcrently, diversely. Also const, to. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 5 Whiche the Romayns vsed, but vnlyke to vs. 1552 Huloet, Vnlyke or in a diuers fashyon, dtsstmtliter. 1595 in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 350 Some tyme yt pleaseth God to reveale his wille.. by dreames, as He did to Joseph, Pharo, and others, and here not unlike to His designed martyr.

b. In a manner differing from (that of a specified person). *593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, i. i. 189 Oft haue I scene the haughty Cardinall.. demeane himselfe Vnlike the Ruler of a Common-weale. 1619 Sir A. Gorges tr. Bacon’s De Sap. Vet. 82 This Loue.. directing his pace .. by that which it perceaues neerest, not vnlike blind men that goe by feeling. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 14 A little haire before, bauld else-where, not vnlike occasion. 1818 Scott Br. Lamm, xxi, The Master has treated me unlike a gentleman. 1841 w! Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 387 They stand apart from ail the others, because, unlike these, th^ applied [etc.].

t3. Improbably; unlikely. Obs. 01548 Hall Chron., Hen. V, 67 b, Some say that he was ffierto stirred.. by the dolphyn (and not vnlike). 1596 Spenser F.Q. v. v. 38 And, though (vnlike) they should for euer last. Yet in my truthes assurance I rest fixed fast.

UNLIKE

UNLIMBER

103

t un'like. t'.' Ohs. rare. [uN-‘ 14,] a. intr. To become displeased, b. trans. To displease.

Bk. M. Aurel. xxxvi. (1536) R ii. The more yll they vtter, the more vnlykely is the redres therof ageyn. ^1580 Bugbears 1.

liking; to cease to like.

ii. 121 W’hy is it a thing vnpossyble or vnlikelie that sprites wil deall withe gold? 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 200 Thus Papists conceiue it an unlikelyer thing, that [etc.]. 1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. 218 Which makes it., more improbable, that they should interfere .. even in the last and unlikeliest instance. 1861 Paley JEschylus (ed. 2) Supplices 979 note. However, Kowpa is an unlikely crasis.

1761 Mrs. F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph I. 183 My heart is not in a disposition to love... I cannot compel it to like and unlike, and like anew at pleasure.

b. Not likely to be true or correct; improbable in respect of fact.

c 1275 Lay. 3266 Lcir king was wel ipaid and eft onlikede. c 1380 W YCLIF Set. H'ks. II. 267 He hal> sorwe of pe synne, bi rcsoun pat it unlikip God.

un'like, t;.* rare, [in-* 7.] intr. To give up

un'lik(e)able, (3. (LN-*7b.) 1841 L. Hunt Seer ii. (1864) 1 Without trying to render it uniikcable from its inferiority. 1888 Athenaeum 31 March 396/1 There are touches about her that.. make her unlikable.

un'liked, p/>/. a. (un-^ 8, 8 c.) 1561 B. Googe Palingenius' Zodiac Life 1. A j b. Not worse vnliked now shal I be, yf that thou wylt me blesse. 1620 Bp. Hall Hon. Marr. Clergy i. xxvii. (1628) 769 That more vnliked epistle which Ignatius wrote to Saint John. 1641 {title), An Aprovd Answer to the partiall and unlikt of Lord Digbies Speech to the Bill of Attainder.

un'likelihood. [un-^ 12. Cf. unlikely a., and MDa. uligelighed.'l fl. Unlikeness, Obs.

dissimilarity,

discrepancy.

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 273/1, I fond myself right fer fro the in a Rcgyon of unlykelyhode [L. dissimilitudinis]. 1550 Thomas Ttal. Diet., Disaguaglianza, vnseemelinesse, vnlikelyhoode, or the difference that is betwene the comparison of one thyng to an other. 1564 Brief Exam. 20 b, Euery man.. may see a great vnlikelyhood betwixt those tymes and ours. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 573 By which likenesse in name great confusion and vnlikelihoods haue h^pened in Historic.

2. The state improbability.

or

fact

of

being

unlikely;

1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John xix. 109 So muche vnlikelyhoode was it, that the felowship of punishement should defyle hym. 1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence, Andria ii. ii, Hauing gathered by sundrie signes and coniectures the vnlikelihood of the marriage. 1646 Earl Monm. tr. Biondi's Civil Wars ix. 199 By the Unlikelyhood and Impossibility that he should escape the hands of a Crafty.. Uncle. 1695 J. Edwards Perfect. Script. 238 There was no unlikelihood of the thing. 1767 Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. Ser. 11. (1862) I. 116 Knowing the unlikelihood of your being to return to us. 1794 Paley Evid. ii. viii, The extreme unlikelihood that such men should engage in such a measure, i860 Miss Yonge Stokesley Seer, xii, The exceeding unlikelihood of a girl like Elizabeth committing.. a theft. 1877 Freeman Norm. Conq. I. vi. 462 Statements which have no inherent unlikelihood in them.

b. With a and pi. An improbable occurrence, fact, statement, etc. 01550 Leland Itin. (1769) II. 35 Dyvers Brethren dyed .., and by a great vnlykelihod al the Landes descendid to .. the Yonggest of the Brethren. 1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 2, I will shew the lykelyhodes and the vnlykelyhodes. 1647 Jer. Taylor Lib. Proph. ii. 41 The rarest mixture .. of unlikelihoods that I have observed. 1682 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 188 By the severall contradictions and unlikelyhoods in his evidence. 1738 G. Lillo Marina iii. ii, What strange unlikelihood assaults my mind! 1814 Southey Roderick xii. 14, I will believe that we have days in store Of hope,.. Yea, maugre all unlikelihoods, .. of peace. 1862 Lever Barrington xv. He hesitated how to measure an unlikelyhood.

un'likeliness. [un-* 12. Cf. prec. and next.] 11. Unsuitableness. Obs. C1374 Chaucer Troylus i. i6 For I J^at god of loues seruantz serue Ne dar to loue for myn vnliklynesse.

t2. Unseemliness, unbecomingness. Obs. 1456 Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 190 Nevertheles and he saw., him mak grete repaire till his hous, and unlyklynes, he mycht mak him .. exhortacioun to nocht mak sik unlikly repaire. 1685 H. More Paralip. Prophet, xxxiv. 306 What unlikeliness or Indecorum is it, that Proclamation be made who he is, that shall.. [open] the Book?

t3. Dissimilarity, discrepancy. Obs. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ii. 143 It shall be sufficient that we wey the wordes of one of them, to attain the meaning of them both. Albeit, there is some vnlikelinesse betwene them. 1604 T. Wright Passions v. iv. 189 Likelinesse or vnlikelinesse are also relatives, and consequently belong to this same predicament, c 1620 Bp. Hall ContempL, N.T. 11. ii. Neither was there more unlikelinesse in their disposition and cariage, than similitude in their function. 1730 Bailey (fol.), Dissimilitude, unlikeliness.

4. Unlikelihood, improbability. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World iii. vii. §4. 82 Whether Themistocles perceiued much vnlikelinesse of good successe [etc.]. 1690 Locke Human Understanding iv. xv. §2. 332 There being degrees herein, from the very neighbourhood of Certainty and Evidence, ^ite down to Improbability and Unlikeliness. 1841 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) V’l. 160 The unlikeliness that he should get what he asked for. 1881 Saintsbury Dryden 72 The unlikeliness of his ever having been a very fervent Roundhead.

un'likely, a. (and sb.). [uN-* 7. Cf. ON. ulikligr (Icel. oliklegur, MSw. oliklikery Sw. oliklig, MDa. uligeligy Norw. ulikleg).'\ 1. Not likely to occur or come to pass; improbable in respect of occurrence. 1375 Barbour Bruce ix. 670 He oft full vnlikly thing Brocht rycht weill to full gud ending. 1488 Cely Papers (Camden) 169 They of Bruges sayth all schall be well schorttly but hytt ys onlyckly. 1513 Douglas JEneidxi. viii. 119 Tyme .. Reducit hes full mony onlikly thyng To bettir fync than was thair begynning. a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold.

1592 Shaks. Ven. ^ Ad. 989 The one doth flatter thee in thoughts unlikely. In likely thoughts the other kills thee quickly. 16x3 Purchas Pilgrimage {iti^) 595 Josephus and Eusebius thinke them to bee the Israelites, which is vnlikely. 1673 Dryden Marr. a la Mode lli. i. They tell, for news, such unlikely stories! 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 141 An Opinion very unlikely, to believe Trees have their Male and Female. 1780 Mirror No. 7^ If this.. be the effect of habit, which is not unlikely. 1871 Freeman Norm. Con^. IV. xviii. 231 The presence of Matilda .. at such a time is in itself unlikely.

c. Not likely, in various implications. *535 Coverdale Ecclus. xi. 6 Many tyrauntes haue bene fayne to syt downe vpon the earth, & ye vnlickly hath wome ye crowne. 1593 Sidney's Arcadia iv. |f r That by unlikeliest meanes greatest matters may come to conclusion. 1622 Donne Serm. 25 A farre vnlikelier sort of people, then any of these. 1656 Cowley Davideis iv. 828 Nor would ill Fate that meant me to surprise, Come cloath’d in so unlikely a Disguise. 1694 Atterbury Serm. Isaiah lx. 22 14 This.. was an Unlikely way of gaining Proselytes. 1749 Lavington Enthus. Meth. & Papists ii. {ly $4) 129 He cures Diseases., with unlikely Remedies. 1774 G. White Selborne Ixi, A succession [of swifts] still haunts the same unlikely roofs. 1847 C. Bronte7. Eyre xxxiv. That a poor lad was come, at that unlikely time, to fetch Mr. Rivers. 1855 A. J. Morris Words for Heart & Life iii. 52 God is in the habit of employing unlikely instruments. 1898 ‘Merriman’ Roden's Corner ii, Cases where brilliant men have failed and unlikely ones have covered themselves with .. glory. Comb. 1858 Faber Spir. Confer. (1870) 131 Those vices of which the unlikeliest-looking souls are often the likeliest to be guilty.

d. sb. An unlikely person. 1867 Latham Black & White 98 He goes round with his .. papers, dealing one to each passenger likely or unlikely (because the unlikelies would be offended if omitted).

2. With complement: (active or passive).

a. With to and inf.

*395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 84 The noueltees of this Innocent ben vnlicli to be sothe. 14x2-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy IV. 23 Vnlikly [it was] euere vs to han had victorie. c 1450 Mirk's Festial 140 lerusalem .. was pe strongest cyte yn all pe world, and vnlykly forto haue ben wonon. 1611 Florio, Inaccadeuole, vnlikely to chance or befall. 1658 Osborne Adv. Son Wks. (1673) 112 The not unlikeliest to knowTruth. 17x1 SteeleNo. 143 IP i Itwillbemuch more unlikely for us to be well-pleased. 1764 Museum Rust. IV. 11 Salt-petre Bay, which is not unlikely to have been so denominated from salt-petre there. 1842 Loudon Suburban Hort. 377 They are the most unlikely to become fruit-buds. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 216 He was as unlikely as Grahame to take.. to the improvement of the common people.

b. With that and clause. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 3243 For now, alias! vnlikly is pat we Shal euere Wynne.. pis cite. 1722 Wollaston Relig. Nat. v. (1724) 82 Make him understand how unlikely a thing it is, that they should be placed there only to adorn, .a canopy over our heads. 1855 Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 226 It is not unlikely that the gas thus formed occupies the place of water. 1884 Thompson Tumours of Bladder 55 It is not unlikely that some of these may be congenital.

t3. Unsuitable, unsuited; not fit or proper. Obs. C1386 Chaucer Merch. T. 936 That whan I considere youre beautee, And ther with al the vnlikly elde of me, I may nat certes.. Forbere to been out of youre compaignye. £-1440 Capgrave Life St. Kath. III. 782 His clothis to his woordis am ful onlykly. 1470-85 Malory Arthur ii. viii. 84 Thou art a boystous man and an vnlykely to telle of suche dedes. 1571 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1905) i. 77 Such as arre.. unlyklye and unmeete men to serve for that oorpose. 1588 Nottingham Rec. lv. 221 Yt ys an onlykelye ouse for suche one to dwelle there,

b. Unseemly, unbecoming; not acceptable or agreeable; objectionable, distasteful. Obs. exc. dial. *456 [see unlikeliness 2]. CX470 Henry Wallace ii. 263 On a caar wnlikly thai him cast, a 1586 Sidney Arcadia ii. ii. (1912) 153 For a very unlikely envie she hath stumbled upon, against the Princesses.. beautie. 1590 Serpent of Devis. Bj/2 The most unlikely person and the most wretch that in any countrye might be found. 1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. I. i. 24 Yet I am tall, and as weel built as thee. Nor mair unlikely to a lass’s eye. 1889 N.W. Line. Gloss. 586 Unlikely, bad, displeasing.

fc. Unpromising; condition.

poor

in

quality

or

1560 Rolland Seven Sages 46 This auld tre..fra the 30ung takis all substance and air;.. Sa the 30ung plant is sa vnliklie maid, a 1648 Ld. Herbert Hen. F///(1683) 522 That Forests.. should be driven once in the year, and unlikely Tits in them to be killed.

unlikely, adv. [un-' ii: cf. prec. and MSw. oliklika.] Improbably. rx449 Pecock Repr. iii. xiii. 361 The oon bifore seid epistle putt and ascryued vnlikeli to Constantyn. X641 Milton Ch. Govt. i. vii. 40 [He] may fall not unlikely sometimes.. into an uncouth opinion. 17x6 Pope Lett. (1737) I. 146 The pleasures.. must undoubtedly be of a nobler kind, and (not unlikely) may proceed from the discoveries each shall communicate to another, of God and of nature. 1830 Southey in Corr. w. C. Bowles (1881) 199 This provides also (most unlikely) in case of his half¬

craziness again becoming whole-craziness. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. I. v. 298 The church .. may, not unlikely, have been raised .. to commemorate the event.

t un'liken, v. Obs. [un-* 6 a. ontliken.] trans. To dissemble.

Cf.

MDu.

138a Wyclif / Kings xiv. 5 Whanne she was comen yn, and hadde vnlikned hire self to be that she was.

un'likenable, a. (un-' 7 b.) X845 Bailey Festus (cd. 2) 46 The earth .. Is not so like the unlikenable One As thou.

unlikeness, [un-* 12.] 11. Strangeness. Obs. CX230 Hali Meid. 13, I l>is world pat is icleopet lond of unlicnesse. a *380 St. Augustin 224 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 65/2, I fond fro pe pat fer I was. As in a kyngdam of vnlikenes.

2. The quality of being unlike; want of likeness or resemblance; dissimilarity. £“X38o Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 227 For noo drede licknesse of breperen causip love among hem, and unliknesse is cause of discord. X398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. II. xii. (1495) cj/1 No violence of tyrannye bendyth theym to oppresse .. the nether angellis. Therefore Denys sayth that they vse theyr lordshypp wyth vnlyknesse of tyrannye. X533 More Debell. Salem Wks. 998/2 The causes that he laieth of dyssimilitude & vnlikenes, be twene the witnesses. 1548 Udall Erasmus Par. Matt. v. 37 The unlikenes of manners declareth and argueth a bastarde. X634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 89 Mark., what they speak here, touching their likeness and unlikeness with the papists. X645 Milton Tetrach. 9 W’here the different sexe in most resembling unlikenes, and most unlike resemblance cannot but please best. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. Supernum. No. i. 2/1 We meet with some Characters of Unlikeness in this Similitude. X772 Wesley11 Feb. (1827) III. ^o For.. unlikeness to all the world beside, ..the writer is without a rival! X846 Trench Mirac. xxv. (1862) 359 There are., points of unlikeness in the two miracles. 1853 Kingsley Hypatia xxi. It was.. strange in its utter unlikeness to any teaching., which he had ever heard before. X875 Whitney Life Lang. ix. 173 We know of no other way in which this likeness in unlikeness can be brought about.

b. With a and pi. An instance of dissimilarity or want of resemblance. x662 South Serm. (1679) 116 As great an unlikeness, as between St. Pauls a Cathedral, and St. Pauls a Stable. X667 Phil. Trans. II. 611 These two unlikenesses I mention together. X718 Freethinker No. 155 (1733) 240 Such Unlikenesses as, by their Subtility, escape the Observation of Judgments less acute. 1746 W’. Horsley Fool (1748) I. 33 They are the Beau and the Belle; and, if I may be understood in thus speaking, are a similar Unlikeness. 1828 Southey Epist. to A. Cunningham 370, I recognise all these unlikenesses, Spurious abominations though they be. X879 Sir G. Campbell Black ^ White 22 The likenesses are much more numerous and much more prominent than the unlikenesses.

3. A bad or poor likeness. X729 T. Cooke Tales, &c. izy His ample Shield.. On which th’ Unlikeness of the Greek appears. X843 Longf. in Life (1891) II. 4 In the next number is an ««-likeness of me, .. in a moming-gown.

t unlikening, Differing.

ppl.

a.

Obs.-^

[un-*

10.]

c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. cxxxii. (1869) 70 These ben thinges gretliche unliknynge and discordinge.

unliking, vbl. sb. [un-* 13.] Want of liking; dislike; fdissatisfaction. *398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxvi. (Bodl. MS.), pe making of pe hert.. is pe .. wel of meuyng and liking [and] of alle vnTiking. c X400 Cato's Morals in Cursor M. App. iv. 242 Quen pou has of pi ping porou hap vnliking.. behalde pou on oper men. X876 Mrs. Whitney Sights (s Ins. II. xxiii. 512 A gradual liking that was at first almost unliking. x886 D. C. Murray First Person Sing, xxv, Angela had.. a genuine unliking for O’Rourke.

t unliking, p/>/. a. Obs. [un-* 10.] Unpleasant, disagreeable. X393 Langl. P. pi. C. viii. 23 Ich hadde leuere.. lacke men, and lykne hem in vnlykyn^ manere, pan al pat euere Marc made, a X470 H. Parker Dives & Pauper (W. de W'. 1496) XII. V. 213/1 Yf one corde .. in the harpe be broke,.. all the songe .. shall be unlykynge to all that here it. ? a X500 Chester PI. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 83 Lorde, I muste doe thy byddinge. Though yt be to me unlikinge. C1520 Skelton Magnyf. 1958, I am lowsy and vnlykynge and full of scurffe. X570 Levins Manip. 137 Vnliking, displicitus.

un'limb, v. [un-* 4.] trans. To dismember. X694 Motteux Rabelais iv. liii. 208 Batter ’em, burst ’em, quarter ’em, unlimb ’em,.. these wicked Heretics. 1869 J. Conington Horace, Sat. (1874) 17 Still The bard remains, unlimb him as you will.

un'limber, a. (un-* 7.) 0x639 Wotton Charac. F. di Medici in Reliq. (1651) 364 To which temper more septentrionall unlimoer Nations have not yet bent themselves.

un'limber, v. [un-* 5.] 1. Mil. To free (a gun) from the limber, by detaching and withdrawing this, preparatory to bringing the gun into action. 1802 James Milit. Diet. s.v. Limber, A two-wheel carriage .. taken off..; which is called unlimbering the guns. X839 F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. 93 Square can only be formed when .. both guns and waggons are unlimbered. 1879 C. R. Low Jrnl. General Abbott li. 146 Abbott.. unlimbered the 24-pounder howitzer. fig. X864 Trevelyan Compet. Wallah (iSbb) 272 Then are the ‘English name’, and the ‘development of the resources of India’, unlimbered, and trundled out to overawe the., magistrates.

UNLIME b. absol. To perform the operation detaching and withdrawing the limber.

104 of

1828 Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 177 Unlimbering, or Coming into Action. 1875 Clkry Min. Tact. xi. 136 A H, A. batter>'.. unlimbered and came into action. transf. 1888 Harper's Mag. Sept. 555/1 A travelling band which [was]., in the second-class car, and which goodnaturedly unlimbered at the stations.

2. To detach and withdraw the front-wheels of (a boat-carriage). 1853 Douglas Milit. Bridges {ed. 3) 92 To launch the bateau, the carriage is placed with the pole towards the river, and unlimbered; by this means an inclined plane is formed.

un'lime, v. [i'N-“ 3. Cf. Flem. ontlijmen ‘deglutinare’ (Kilian), G. entleimen.^ \\.trans. To detach, dissever. Obs.-' 1225 Ancr. R. 256 he wot ful wel: & for h* he is umbe .. uorte unlimen ou mid wre6Ce. [1648 Hexham ii, Ontlijmen, to V'nglue, or to Vnlime.]

2. To free (dressed hides) from lime. 1885 Harper's Mag. Jan. 275/2 This washing in warm water is a preparation for ‘drenching’, the first process of unliming. 1888 Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 287 The process of unliming hides and skins.

un'limed,/)/)/. a. [un-‘ 8. Cf. Du. ongelijmd, G. ungeleimt.] 1. Not smeared or clogged with bird-lime. In quots. fig. 1622 S. Ward Christ All in All (1627) 36 Christ, whom hee longed to bee with, and would now with v'nlimed and vnentangled wings five vnto. 01672 Sterry Freed. Will (1675) 137 It keeps these wings unlimed .. by the filth or guilt of fleshly lusts.

2. Not dressed or treated with lime. 1756 F. Home Exper. Bleaching 215 This makes limed cloth easily distinguishable from unlimed. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 478 As the grain must have lain in the ground for two years, and none was observed in the unlimed part.

un'limitable, a. [un-* 7 b, 5 b.] Incapable of being limited; illimitable. In frequent use from c 1610 to c 1650. 1604 Marston Malcontent i. vi, O vnlimitable impudencie! 1690 Locke Govt. i. ii. {1694) 9 An Absolute, Arbitral^’, Unlimited, and Unlimitable Power. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. iii. Diss. Drama 33 In talking so much . . of other People’s unlimitable Liberty of Thinking and Worshipping.

unlimited, ppL a. [ln-^ 8.] 1. Not limited or restricted in amount, extent, or degree: a. Of power or authority, a rule, etc. C1445 Pecock Donet 129 Which gouernaunce in it silf is vnlimited and vnassigned to eny special tyme. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia in. i. (1912) 355 It must be an unlimited Monarchy. Ibid. xx. 472, I know thy power is not unlimited. 1644 Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy v. 45 That the Power of the Monarch in this Frame is not unlimited. 1690 [see prec.]. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess of Bristol I April, The unlimited power of these fellows. 1777 Cook Third Voyage ii. xi. (1784) I. 406 The power of the king is unlimited, a 1850 Calhoun Wks. (1874) HI. 234 Money is not only the sinew of war, but of politics, over which..it exercises almost unlimited control. Ibid. VI. 133 A government of unlimited powers.

b. In other applications. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia iii. iv. (1912) 371 All such, whom ..youth-like mindes did fill with unlimited desires. 1602 in. ii. The curse of Heaven raines In plagues unlimited through all his daies. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §18 The expences of the Court.. [were] vast, and unlimited by the old good rules of economy. 01704 T. Brown Praise Drunken. Wks. 1730 I. 35 Their highest excellency consists in having their will unlimited by any superior power. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. n. 158 The absolute and unlimited declarations of the divine mercy. 1846 Mrs. Marsh Father Darcy H. 149 My confidence in his talents and energy is unlimited. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 19 We never want an unlimited quantity of anything. transf. i%yj Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. ii. vi, So violent., are the Limited Patriots and the Unlimited. Marston Antonio's Ret',

2. Not limited in number. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 308 Four Wives the Law tolerates. Concubines are unlimited.

3. Math. (See quots.) I. s.v., Unlimited Problem., is such a Problem in Mathematicks, as is capable of Infinite Solutions. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 31/1 Unlimited,. . is frequently used by mathematical writers, in the same manner as Indefinite, to avoid the entrance of the word Infinite. It is also used to describe a problem which may have an infinite number of answers, and which is called an unlimited problem. 17043. Harris Lex. Techn.

4. Of a hydroplane: having no limit placed on Its engine capacity. Also absol. as sb. U.S. [1953 w. A. Shrader Fifty Yrs. of Flight Si Fifth Annual All-American Air Races are held at Miami, Fla, In the freefor-all unlimited engine displacement race, James Wedell is the winner.] 295^ Rudder Apr. 40/2 A doaen open regattas tor unlimited inboard hydroplanes have been scheduled 1959 iearbk. Amer. Power Boat Assoc. 165 Unlimited Hydroplanes shall be designated by the prefix letter ‘U’ I9b2 New Yorker 2g Sept. 102/2 The sleek-shaped unlimueds, gaily painted like some archaic 'flying circus’ 1972 Coliter s Encycl. Year Bk. igji 521 Unlimiteds, those marita-ray shaped thunderboats that have over 200 moh on Straightaways. 1976 World Bk. Year BA. 218 The national championship series for unlimited hydroplanes consisted of 10 races with 8350,000 in purses.

un'limitedly, a*), [un-' ii: cf. prec.] Without limitation. infinitely, vnlimitedly. 01639 W. Whateley Prototypes ii. xxvi. (1640) 81 It is an easie thing for inferiours to obey their Governours.. a little

UNLISTENED

too unlimitedly. ax68o Corbet Non-conf. Plea (1683) 19 The said promise must be understood either unlimitedly, or with limitation, a 1716 Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 226 If this had been express’d as universally and unlimitedly. 1796 Burney Mem. Metastasio I. 238 A great.. prince, who deigns to be so unlimitedly my protector. 1836 New Monthly Mag. XLVIII. 409 His Grace is unlimitedly hospitable, Meredith One of our Conq. HI. xix. 171 He feels the publishers pouring their gallons through it unlimitedly.

un'limitedness. [un-* 12.] The fact of being unlimited; absence of limitation. 1641 Falkland in Marriott Life ^ Times (1908) 204 This unlimitednesse and independence is onely in spirituall things. 0x664 M. Frank Serm. (1672) 421 The unlimittednesse of His power. 1710 A. B. Answ. to Argts. in Bp. Oxford's Sp. Resistance 13 The unlimitedness of our Obedience. 1796 Lamb Lett. (1888) I. 41 Omnipresence is an attribute the very essence of which is unlimitedness. 1904 A. C. Fraser Biog. Philos, ii. 60 It was impossible to believe either space or time limited; it was equally impossible to understand their unlimitedness.

online, v.^ [un-^ 4.] 1. trans. To divest (a garment, etc.) of lining. 1606 J. Davies (Heref.) Bien Venn Wks. (Grosart) I. 6/2 Two Kings thus met, make Kingdomes richly thriue, Though it vnlines their Purse with wearing much. 1611 CoTGR., Desdoubler, to vnlyne; or take the lynings out of a garment.

2. intr.

To separate as a lining.

1848 Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) I. 331 They all pass out of each other (desemboitent); they all unline.

online,

(un-^ 4b + line v.^)

1598 Marston Sco. Villanie i. iv, To morrow doth Luxurio promise me. He will vnline himselfe from bitchery.

onlineal, a. (un-* 7.) 1593 Nashe Strange Newes H4, The vnlineall vsurper of judgement from all his true owners. 1605 Shaks. Macb. iii. i. 63 They .. put a barren Scepter in my Gripe, Thence to be wrencht with an vnlineall Hand. 1832 [R. Cattermole] Beckett, etc. 170 The Men of England.. From her last Despot wrung The sceptre,.. to grace A wiser not unlineal race. 1884 N. fe? Q. 6 Oct. 264 The ancient manor house .. has long since passed into unlineal hands.

onlined, ppL a.^ [un-^ 8 + furnished with a lining.

line v.^]

Not

unlinked, ppl.

a. [un-* connected, or united.

8.]

Not

linked,

1813 Shelley Q. Mab vi. 170 Whilst, to the eye of ship¬ wrecked mariner,.. All seems unlinked contingency and chance. 0 1857 R. A. Vaughan Mystics (i860) II. viii. ii. 37 So his life is a series of starts; his actions.. unlinked, unharmonized.

unliquefied, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1705 Addison Italy 237 These huge unwieldy Lumps [of lava].. remain’d in the melted Matter rigid and unliquify’d. 1857 Spencer Progress (1864) 285 Yet the gas remained unliquified!

unliquid, a. [un-‘ 7.] 1. (See LIQUID a. i.) 1547 Boorde Brev. Health exevi. 68 b, Take gargarices lyquide and unliquyde. 1611 CoTGR. s.v. Pot, Small vessels wherein .. liquors, and sometimes vnliquid things, are kept.

2. (See

LIQUID a. 6.)

1818 Colebrooke Obligations 195 Though evidently due, it is unliquid, so long as the precise amount of it is unascertained. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. vi. vi. (1873) II. 188 [She] had left considerable properties;.. but all was rather in an unliquid state, not so much as her Will was to be had.

unliquidate, a. [un-* 7.] = next. 1818 Colebrooke Obligations 194 Unliquidate damages for non-performance of an agreement.

unliquidated, ppl. a. [un-^ 8 ] 1. Not cleared off or paid. 1765 Ann. Reg., Chron. 155/1 They will likewise forfeit all pretensions on their unliquidated papers. 1788 Cowper Let. Wks. 1837 XV. 206 The accounts of a large estate unliquidated many years. 1812 G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit. 180 Every war leaves many unliquidated claims. 1883 Fortn. Rev. July 104 There will still remain a considerable debt unliquidated.

2. Not made clear or distinct; indefinite.

In ve^ frequent use from c 1890. 1521 in Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 4 My unlynded gowne. 01599 Spenser F.Q. vii. vii. 29 Dight In a thin silken cassock coloured greene, That was vnlyned all. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Trav. Wks. iii. 89/1 The men .. are clad in thin buckerom, vnlined. 1655 tr. Sorel's Com. Hist. Francion xi. 19 Although it was not unfashionable to have a Cloak unlined as was theirs. 1861 Eng. Worn. Dom. Mag. HI. 118/2 Stiff muslin petticoats.. are very suitable for wearing with .. unlined silk dresses. 1878 March. Dufferin Canad. Jrnl. (1891) 408 Our A.D.C.’s unlined suit of tussore silk.

un'lined, ppl. a.^ [un-‘ 8 + line ongelijnd.] Not marked with lines.

1641 Milton Ch. Got't. i. v. 15 To make a King a type, we say is an abusive and unskilful speech... Therefore your typical chaine of King and Priest must unlink. 1786 W. Gilpin in Mrs. Delany's Life & Corr. (1862) III. 372 W’e travelled amicably, arm in arm,.. we had not one occasion to unlink. 1806 H. Siddons Maid, Wife, ^ Widow HI. 44 He felt her arms unlink, and saw that a convulsive fit had put an end to all her recollections.

Cf. Du.

1865 Mrs. Whitney Gayworthys 1. 6 Round fair face, unlined by any perplexity. 1885 Whittier Pr. Wks. (1889) II. 316 The faces represented are not so uniined and ruddy.

unlingering,/>/)/. a. (un-^ 10.)

1780 Bentham Princ. Legisl. iii. §10 The best ideas., of such pains.. are altogether unliquidated in point of quality. 1818 - Ch. Eng., Catech. Exam. 254 An unliquidated number of instances.

unliquidating, p/)/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1824 Byron Juan xvi. xeix, The Sinking Fund’s unfathomable sea, That most unliquidating liquid, leaves The debt unsunk.

un'liquored, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. 10, I doubt me whether the very sobernesse of such a one, like an unlicour’d Silenus, were not stark drunk. 01658 Cleveland Inund. Trent 60 We whose unliquor’d Hides will turn no wet.

tunlisible, a. Obs.-^ [un-* 7.] Unlawful. c 14x2 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 3357 Hir spiritis benigne .. Thoghten pat craft vnlusty and alenge, And forbaar it; pei knewe it vnlisible [v.r. vnlesible].

1849 De Quincey English Mail Coach Wks. 1862 IV. 322 By the worii ‘sudden’ [Caesar] means ‘unlingering’. 1887 Bowen JEneid i. 655 Armed with his royal mission of the chief unlingering speeds.

1793 Pearce Hartford Bridge n. iii, I told him a bargan was a bargan, and that I defied him to unlist me!

unlin'guistic, a. [f. un-^ 73-1- linguistic a.] Not related to linguistics.

unlisted, ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not placed on a list.

i960 [see STANCE si.> i e]. 1962 Y. Olsson in F. Behre Contrib. Eng. Syntax 98 Unlinguistic speculations.

1644 God appearing for Pari. 5 (D.), The names of many are yet unlisted.

un'lining, vbl. sb. [un-^ 13.] (See quots.) 1848 Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) I. 332 Here we have a succession of true unlinings; but in Crucifers.. the large stamens offer an example of simple unlining in the full meaning of the word, since they present a separation into two parts only. 1862 M. C. Cooke Man. Bot. Terms 87 Unlining, a separation of parts originally united.

unlink, ti. [uN-^4b.] 1. trans. a. To undo the links of (a chain, etc.). Also refl.jfig., and in fig. context. 1600 Shaks. .4. Y.L. iv. iii. 112 About his necke A greene and guilded snake had wreath’d it selfe..: but sodainly Seeing Orlando, it vnlink’d it selfe. 163s Quarles Embl. v. ix. 7, I cannot mount till thou unlink my chaine. u 1670 Rust Disc. Truth (1682) 185 It will unlink and break that chain and method of Gods Decrees. 1822-56 De Quincey Confess. (1862) 154 Xhose fatally tortuous paths of which the windings can never be unlinked. 1890 Talmage From Manger to Throne 639 The chain of the most tremendous natural law is unlinked.

b. To detach, set free, hy undoing or unfastening a link or chain. Also refl., absol., and fig165s R. Crab in Harl. Misc. (1809) IV. 483 Those that will not unlink themselves from the world, a 1680 Charnock Attrib. God (1834) Ik 395 He doth..correct those actions, that unlink the mutual assistance between man and man. 1688 R. Holme Armoury in. xix. (Roxb.) 153/1 March to your horses. Vnlink your horses. Fasten your links. iyg6 Instr. & Reg. Cavalry {1S12) 235 The men move up to their horses, and unlink. Ibid., Unlink Horses! 1802 J. Baillie 2nd Pt. Ethwald iv. iii, {Stage direction. The chiefs instantly let go hands...) Her. Ha! have I then so suddenly unlink’d you? 1849 H. Mayo Pop. Superst. (1851) 79 The attention .. is unlinked from the other faculties.

2. intr. To lose connexion; to part; to become relaxed.

unlist,

V.

(un-2 3.)

2. spec. a. Stock Exchange. Formerly designating securities not dealt in on the Stock Exchange; also {N. Amer.), those sold over the counter (see over-the-counter adv. (a.) b); now in unlisted securities market, a market for securities in small companies admitted for trading on the Stock Exchange but not bound to comply with the rules for listed securities. 1905 Daily Chron. 28 Apr. 4/4 Some of the most important securities.. are ‘unlisted,’ and therefore not dealt in on the Stock Exchange. 1921, 1929 [see over-thecounter adv. (0.)]. 1979 Times 13 Dec. 17/5 A new Unlisted Securities Market (USM) has been proposed which will provide a half way house between a private coi^any and an official listing. 1983 Sunday Tel. 10 Apr. zzjt T^e Unlisted Securities Market (U.S.M.) is now an established part of The Stock Exchange London.

b. Of a telephone (number): = ex-directory a. Chiefly U.S. 1937 Chandler in Dime Detective Mag. Nov. 48/2 Willie Peters., did a sideline selling unlisted telephone numbers bribed from maids and chauffeurs. 1942 E. S. Gardner Case of Careless Kitten xiv. 137 Mason’s unlisted telephone was ringing as he opened the door of his apartment. 1974 ‘J. le Carre’ Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy xi. 84 A belly-ache from Admin .. about the misuse of unlisted Circus telephones for private calls. 1980 G. V. Higgins Kennedy for Defense v. 48 Gretchen doesn’t give out the unlisted number. If I had a call, it was from somebody important.

un'listened, pp/. a. (un-^ 8, 8 c.) 1787 Burns Death R. Dundas 31 Hark, injur’d Want recounts th’ unlisten’d tale! 1793 WoRDSw. Descr. Sketches 119 The thicket, where th’ unlisten’d stock-dove coos. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel iii. 105 Noah was the unlistened-to preacher of righteousness during those 120 years. 1876 Mrs. W hitney Sights Ins. II. 104 One.. knows by some

UNLISTENING

un'Hstening, pp/. a. (cn-* 10.) 1736 Thomson Liberty iv. 45 Vnlistening, barbarous Force, to whom the sword Is reason, honour, law. 1823 Praed Troubadour i. 215 Brought back from their unlistening sleep. 1839 Carlyle Chartism v, Unlistening multitudes see not but that it is all right. 1897 Outing XXX. 450/2 Little Josef talked away to unlistening ears.

unlisty, a. ? Obs. [un-‘ 7. Cf. OHG. tmlistig,

1834 M. Edgeworth Tour in Connemara (1950) i. 43 The want of w indow curtains. .gave the whole an unfinished unlivable appearance. 1898 E. F. Benson Money Market ii, He saw no reason for making his own rooms unlivable-in. 1899 Contemp. Ret'. Dec. 848 Rural theft makes parts of Sardinia unlivable.

President Roosevelt. 1976 J. I. M. Stewart Memorial Service v. 66 This was probably why he unloaded on me these useless gobbets of information. 1978 ‘S. Woods’ Exit Murderer 160 If we succeed in identifying Mr. X I shall unload the whole thing on them [xord Cliffords daughter will vn-maiden her for pay.

Hence un'maidening vbl. sb.

UNMAIDENLIKE

absol. 1426 Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 11416 And thogh that I make & vnmake. Blame me nat. 1821 Byron Cain i. i. 142 But, if he made us—he cannot unmake.

01693 Urquhart's Rabelais in. vi. 58 The unmaidning or depucelating of a hundred Virgins.

un'maidenlike, a. (un-* 7 c.) 1876 Swinburne Erectheus 364 Not moved of mine own will, Unmaidenlike.

un'maidenly, a. (un-' 7.) 1634 Bp. Hall Contempl., N.T. iv. iv, [These] wanton gesticulations of a virgin.. could be no other than riggish and unmaidenly. i8a8 ScOTT F.M. Perth xxv, Such tokens of intimacy.. are uncomely and unmaidenly. 1848 Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton xv, The whisperings of her womanly nature .. caused her to shrink from any unmaidenly action. 1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxii, At least do not put your character in question by going in this unmaidenly fashion.

Hence un'maidenliness. 1874 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 239 What the poet thinks of the unmaidenliness of Lynette. 1879 Meredith Egoist xxi, You, father! you have driven me to unmaidenliness.

un'mail, v. [un-* 4. Cf. MDu. ontmaelgeren, -mailleren.] trans. To break or detach the links of (a mail-coat). ? .) i6ou seidest I scholde ben holden an vn-mon. a 1641 in Vox Borealis C i b (Old adage), Waters shall waxe, and Woods shall waine, And unman shall be Man, and Man shall be naine. 1879 G. Macdonald Sir Gtbbte xxi, He was on the wild hill, with rniles on miles of cover! Here the unman could not catch him.

un'man, v. [un-“ 6 b. Cf. MDu. (Du.) ontmannen, MHG. (G.) entmannen.] 1. trans. To deprive of the attributes of a man; to remove from the category of men. 1598 Marston Sco. Villanie ii. vii. (1599) 204 Why, sower Satyrist, Canst thou vnman him? here I dare insist And soothly say, he is a perfect soule. 1643 Tuckney Balm of G. 40 It is.. the cruel! man (saith Solomon) that troubles his owne flesh; nay the Apostle un-manneth him that hates it. 1681 Baxter Acc. Sherlocke vi. 212 Every Humanist that useth.. gawdy fashions, is not thereby unchristened, unchurched, or unman’d. 1711 G. Hickes Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (ed. 3) I. p. ccx. We cannot suppose that infinite Goodness would bind us.. to such strict unalterable Duties, as unman us in this World. 1751 R. Shirra in Rem. (1850) 86 The first [Ebion] ungods him; the other [Marcion] unmans him. 1884 Browning Feristah, Family 77, I may put forth angel’s plumage, once unmanned, but not before.

2. To reduce below the level of man; to degrade, brutalize. Also refl. 1637 A. Stafford Vind. Fern. Glory (i860) p. xxii, Hee that is not tender.. unmanneth himselfe, and is but best a Monster., in humane shape. 1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat, cone. Relig. i. vii. 106 They whom barbarisme ha’s unman’d in all other things. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 246 Habits of Vice unman Men’s minds.

3. To deprive of manly courage or fortitude; to make weak or effeminate. c 1600 Chalkhill Thealma & Clearchus 846 They heard they had unmann’d themselves by ease. 1605 Shaks. Macb. III. iv. 73 What? quite vnmann’d in folly... Fie for shame. 01628 F. Grevil Poems, Hum. Learn, xlii. Engines that did un-man the mindes of men. 1673 Hickeringill Greg. F. Greyb. 318 Impressions of fear that mollifie and unman vulgar and narrow spirits. 1715 Addison Drummer iii. i. That dear Womanl the sight of her unmans me, 1736 A. Hill Zara v. i. 64 Tears!.. The first which ever yet un¬ mann’d my Eyes! 1780 Mirror No. 90, This blow, for a time, unmanned me quite. 1847 Prescott Peru I. 441 For a moment the overwhelming conviction of it unmanned him. 1883 Manch. Exam. 24 Nov. 5/1 Thirty or forty years of such treatment is enough to unman any people. absol. 1811 Byron Euthanasia vi. And women’s tears, produced at will. Deceive in life, unman in death.

4. To divest of the character of a grown man. Also intr. (for refl.). 1672 Penn Spir. Truth Vind. 23 As he is unmanned, that is, again become a little Child. 1889 Harper's Mag. Jan. 191/2 But find where children haunt, and there unman, And with them laugh and play.

5. To deprive of virility; to emasculate. 1684-9 A. G. in Plutarch's Morals IV. 334 Because the Samians had saved the Children of the Greeks from being unmann’d [tr. 1603 from eviration]. 1885 E. Clodd Myths fef Dreams 36 Gaea.. provided Cronus .. with an iron sickle, wherewith he unmanned Uranus.

6. To denude (a vessel or fleet) of men. 1687 Miege Gt. Fr. Diet. ii. s.v., To unman a Ship, desarmer un Vaisseau. 1696 in London Gaz. No. 3250/1 After the Fleet has been Manned, it hath been in a great Measure Unmanned again by Desertion. 1796 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1846) VII. p. xxxiv, If the Admiral had small Vessels, he could not venture to unman his Fleet.

7. flg. To deprive (oneself) 0/something. 1694 R. Franck North. Mem. Ded. p. xv, Let me admonish the more Ingenious Artist to be mindful of Experience, lest peradventure he slide into the slippery Tract of an Author, so unman himself of practical Demonstration.

Hence un'manning un'manningly adv.

vbl.

sb,

and

ppl.

a.\

1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God vii. xxiv. 285 Here they feare not the vn-rnanning of them-selues. 1624 Middleton Game at Chess i. i, I never give absolution To any crime of that unmanning nature. 1831 Coleridge Table-t. 12 Sept., The most wretched and unmanning reluctance and shrinking from action. 1886 Stevenson Dr. Jekyll 58 A ^ace for sufferings and terrors so unmanning. 1947 Dylan Thomas in Horizon Dec. 302 For who unmanningly haunts the mountain caverned eaves.

UNMANACLE un'manacle, r. [uN-2 4b.] tram. To free from manacles. Also fig. 1582 Stanyhcrst JEneis 11. (Arb.) 48 This sayd, my yoonckcr.. Too stars vp mounting both his hands vnmannaclcd [I.,, exutasvinclis], aunswer’d. ^1629 Donnk Serm (1640) 601 We shall see the Church emancipated, enfranchised, unfettered, unmanacled. 1638 Mayne Lucian (1664) 24 Stretch forth thy right hand; unmanacle him Vulcan, and nail him 1833 Tennyson Two Voices 236 This anguish fleeting hence, Cnmanacled from bonds of sense. 1866 Neale Sequences & Hymns 153 While., they unmanacled cold hands and numbed feet. 1889 G. Smith St. Paul at Sea ii. Caesar and slave alike must be Cnmanacled by me.

Hence un'manacling vbl. sb. 1635 Stafford Fern. Glory 208 That Death to the just is no other than.. the unmanacling of the Soule.

un'manacled, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1726 C. Pitt Vida's Art of Poetry in. 63 The lurking faults and errors you may see. When the words run unmanacled and free. 1781 Cowper Table-t. 589 Language,.. warm As ecstasy, unmanacled by form. 1805 Southey Madoc in W. V. 28 Thus their limbs Unmanacled display’d the truest forms Of strength and beauty, a 1849 Poe Loss of Breath Wks. 1864 IV. 308 His extreme infirmity.. had obtained him the privilege of remaining unmanacled.

un'manageable, a. [uN-^yb.] 1. Incapable of being governed or controlled: a. Of persons or their disposition. 1632 B. JoNSON Magn. Lady i. i. My humour being as stubborn as the rest. And as unmanageable. 1665 Glanvill Def. Van. Dogm. p. x. They.. are rendred unmanageable by any Authority but that of Absolute Dominion. 1728 Morgan Algiers II. v. 316 That tough, lofty, unmanageable Monarch [ic. Henry VHI]. 1791 Bentham Panopt. i. 39 As to safe custody and good order, four [prisoners] is not such a number as can well be deemed unmanageable. 1804 Abernethy Surg. Obs. 186 [During] the greater part of the delirium he had been very unmanageable. 1887 Spectator 25 June 854/2 The rise of soldiers who might be unmanageable or too successful.

b. Of animals. (Also in fig. context.) 1678 Mrs. Behn Sir P. Fancy i. i, [The fops] of the Town are the most unmanageable beasts in nature. 1681 R. L’Estrange Tally's Offices 45 Horses.. grown Fierce, and Unmenageable, by being chafd. 1712 Waterland Serm. Wks. 1823 VHI. 383 When they grow impatient of the curb ..they do but show., how much more unruly and unmanageable they had been without it. 1823 Scott Quentin D. ix, Each fresh gambade of his unmanageable horse. 1855 Poultry Chron. II. 611/1 She [ic. a hen] was rather conceited, unmanageable, and very touchy about interference. 1878 Bosw. Smith Carthage 314 The elephants.. became unmanageable.

c. Of things. 1794 Paley Evid. I. II. ii. §3 Convulsions.. are amongst the .. most uncertain and unmanageable applications to the human frame. 1898 ‘Merriman’ Roden's Corner xxi. When human affairs suddenly appear to become unmanageable.

2. Incapable of being properly or conveniently handled or manipulated. 1658 Phillips, Immanity,.. such a hugenesse as renders a thing unmanageable. 1779 Phil. Trans. LXIX. 422 It required an index of an unmanageable length. 1805 in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. 166 So that the Ship was entirely unmanageable. 1822 J. Flint Lett. Amer. 75 Travellers.. ought not to adopt large boxes, which .. are comparatively unmanageable on every occasion. 1885 Manch. Exam. 17 Jan. 5/4 A great, awkward, unmanageable goods train. transf. 1827 Scott Two Drovers i, The hill rung with the discordant attempts of the Saxon upon the unmanageable monosyllable. 1855 Poultry Chron. HI. 335/1 Irish [oats] are unmanageable and comparatively neglected.

Hence un'manageably adv. 1805 Foster Ess. (1806) I. 185 If even one of the four [horses] were unmanageably perverse, while the three were obedient, i860 Froude Hist. Eng. VI. 329 Meantime, Philip .. was becoming unmanageably impatient.

un'manageableness. (un-^ 12, or f. prec.) Also, in recent use, unmanageabiliiy. 1664 Incelo Bentiv. & Ur. vi. 182 The unmanageableness of their Horses. 1701 Collier M. Anton. (1726) II Their unmanageableness ruins their health. 1748 Richardson Clarissa V’ll. 244 Thy servant gives me a dreadful account of thy raving unmanageableness. 1862 A. Meadows Man. Midwifery 239 Instead of a state of stupor, there is a restless unmanageableness approaching to maniacal excitement. 1877 'H. A. Page’ De Quincy I. 42 Inveterate unmanageablcness, under home supervision and French tutors.

111 un'manful, a.

1603 Drayton Bar. Wars i. i, A strong nation, whose vnmanag’d might Them from their naturall Soueraigne did diuidc. 1646 Hammond Tracts 22 Mounted on an unmanaged or tender-mouth'd horse. 1673 O. Walker Educ. ii. 22 Indiscreet, impertinent, unmenaged servants. 1746 Francis tr. Hor., Sat. 11. ii. 11 Pursue the Chace: th’ unmanaged Courser rein. 1848 T. Aird Christian Bride iii. vi. The abandoned chariots with unmanaged steeds Roll mad about.

b. Of language: Unrestrained, outspoken. 1771 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 323 Your lordship’s criminal accusations, so heavy in the matter and unmanaged in the epithets. 1791 - Th. French Aff. Wks. VII. 63 The Prussian ministers in foreign courts have.. talked the most dcmocratick language with regard to France, and in the most unmanaged terms.

t2. Unlaboured, uncultivated. Obs.-^ 1634 W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. (1865) 52 The folly..of such as would venture into so rude and unmanaged a countrey, without.. much provisions.

UNMANNED

7.)

1858 C.ARLYLE Fredk. Gt. iii. xix. 1. 368 He..suffered a good deal.., not at all in a dishonest or unmanful manner.

un'manfully,

(un-‘ ii.) 10426 heading, Menon pc Kyng, by Achilles vnmonfully slayn. 1664 Etheredge Love in Tub i. ii, Now have I most unmanfully fallen foul upon some Woman. 1670 Milton Hist. Eng. vi. 305 They dy’d not unmanfully,. .turning oft upon thir Enemies. 1711 Steele Spect. No. 133 1^2 When a Poor-spirited Creature., bemoaned himself unmanfully, he rebuked him. [1843 Carlyle Past & Pr. in. ii, It was the terror..of doing., unvirtuously, which was their word for unmanfully.] £*1400 Destr. Troy

un'mangled, ppl. a.

(un-^ 8.) For correct reading in Gol. ^ Gaw. 720, see unmaggled. *557 Cheke in T. Hoby Castiglione's Courtyer (1561) 235 Our own tung shold be written cleane and pure, vnmixt and vnmangeled with borowing of other tunges. 1587 Holinshed Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) HI. 298/2 From whome Grafton hath deriued his words; sense for sense vnmangled (as he found the same written). 1885 Meredith Diana i. Let her escape unmangled, it will pass in the record that she did once publicly run.

t un'maiihead. Obs. [un-' 12. Cf. OHG. unmanaheit, MHG. unmanheit.] Unmanliness; unmanly conduct. 01300 Cursor M. 18795 Naman es he dos na man-hede, And of vn-man-hede es it draun, To be again god dede vnknaun. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 227 (The Romans] chargede pe Britouns to leve of unmanhede. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxxii. 145 It ware grete harme and grete vn-mannhede to grefe swilk folk.

tun'manhood. Obs.~^ (un-^ 12.) c 1374 Chaucer Troylus i. 824 Sothe hym seyde pandarus, hat for to slen hym self myghte he nat wynne But bothe doon vn-manhode and a synne.

t un'maniable, Unmanageable.

a.

Obs.-^

[un-‘

7

b.]

ai6i8 Raleigh Lett. (1651) 127 The lesser [ship]..is yare, whereas the greater is slow, unmanyable, and ever full of encumber.

un'manifest, a. (un-^ 7.) *535 W, Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) HI. 555 Trowand sic thing wnmanifest. 1687 Stanley Hist. Philos, (ed. 2) xii. 782/1 It is therefore unmanifest, whether it really hath these qualities. 1760 Law Spir. Prayer ii. 49 Nature., is the manifestation of all tnat in God, which was before unmanifest. 1864 j EAN Ingelow Poems 22 Like the dead to sight unmanifest, "They are, and they are not.

un'manifested, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 432 [In] all things and Creatures, in which the divine Principle does predominate, the poysonous wrathful Tree of Life lies hid and unmanifested. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics II. viii. viii. 84 The divine One, the unmanifested Subject, seeking an object. 1871 R. H. Hutton Theol. Ess. I. 112 We yet have .. an inextinguishable faith in His perfection even as unmanifested. 1683

t

Tryon

obs.

Sc. f.

unmanacled. 22 My muse., loves .. to frisk .. Unmankl’d, o’er poetic ground. 1729 Ramsay Sec. Answ. to Somerville

un'manlike, a. and adv. [un-‘ yc, ii b.] 1. Below the level of manly conduct towards others; brutally harsh or cruel; inhuman. *579 J- Stubbes Gaping Gulf Evij, That barbarous vnmanlike, and treasonable victory vpon the noble Admirall. /.

[f. unman u.} Deprived of

courage; made weak or timid. 1694 F. Bragoe Disc. Parables ix. 317 Imaginary dangers terrific their unmanned souls.

un'manner, r. rare-K (uN-=*6b). 1613-8 Daniel Coll, flist. Eng. Wks. (Grosart) V. 140 Those softnings of Luxury and Idlenesse which vnmanners them.

un'mannered, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] t 1. Not duly regulated or moderated. Obs.~' 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 94 Lufe forsoth of kynsmen, if it be vn-manerd, fieschly affeccione it is cald [= called],.. and if it be manerd, kyndely it is calde.

2. Of persons: Not possessed of good manners; unmannerly, rude. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, I. ii. 39 V'nmanner’d Dogge, Stand’st thou when I commaund. 1610 Fletcher Faith/. Sheph. 11. i, I fear I am too much unmanner’d, far too rude. 1693 Drvden Juvenal vi. 543 No Pray’r can bend her, no Excuse appease. Th’ unmanner’d Malefactor is arraign’d. *745 J- Mason Self~Knotvl. i. ix, He is not only ignorant and unmanner’d, but unsufferably vain, 1824 Scott St. Ronan's xxxi. This awkward, ill-dressed, unmannered dowdy. 1879 Meredith Egoist xix, He knew scholars to be an unmannered species. transf. 1854 S. Dobell Balder i. 5 Thou grim wall, Hemming her in with thine unmannered rock.

3. Of conduct: manners.

Characterized by want of

1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 103 He gazed at Louisa with .. an unmannered intenseness. 1772 Ess. fr. Batchelor H- 146 His superior abilities .. W’ere never exerted with unmannered insolence. 1836 Lyra Apost. 27 A ready prey, as though in absent mood They calmly move, nor hear the unmannered mirth. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. III. 176 In most unmannered anger ye Have conjured hither pictures of the shapes of dread.

4. Free from artificial manners. 1813 Lamb Reynolds Wks. 1908 I. 190 The plain unmannered old Nobility of the .. Plays of Shakspeare.

Hence un'manneredly adv. 1894 Kipling in My First Bk. 92 All my verses..came without invitation, unmanneredly, in the nature of things.

t un'manneredly, a. Obs. [un-* 7.] Unmannerly. 1792 \\. Roberts Looker-On iv. 30 In flying from two unmanneredly catchpoles, you ran full against me. Ibid. XXX. 238 In your unmanneredly haste to interrupt us.

un'mannerliness. [f. next.] The condition or fact of being unmannerly. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Incivilite, vnmanerlines. vneurtesie. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 586 Moreouer he noteth much vnmanerlinesse of eating and drinking at bankets. e edle meiden allunge unmerred wiSuten euereuch weom wende ut of his wombe. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 867 Maydenez vnmard for alle men jette. [c 1470 Gol. & Gaw. 720 Wes nane.. Wnmaglit and marrit.] 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. x. 7 His siluer waues did softly tumble downe, Vnmard with ragged mosse or filthy mud. 1744 Young Nt. Th. vii. 301 Their good is good entire, unmixt unmarr’d. 1827 Pollok Course T. vii. 585 Unmarred unfaded work of Deity. 1851 Sir F. Palgrave Norm. & Eng. I. 473 The spirit and talent which, unmarred by fate, might [etc.]. 1871 Macduff Mem. Patmos xix. 263 In the fellowship of unmarred and unbroken communion.

un'marriable,

a.

(uN-*7b.)

1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 177 b, Cleopatra.. beeyng yet ayoungdamysell vnmariable. 1611 Cotgr., Immariable, vnmarnable. 1643 Milton Divorce 36 Parted from each other, as two persons unconjunctive, and unmariable together.

un'marriageable, a. (un-* 7 b.) [*^5 Ash.] 1787 W. Thomson tr. A. Cunningham's Hist. Gt. Brit. I. 121 Their women are seldom married young; and are indeed long unmarriageable. 1841 Emerson Method Nature (1844) 14 He was hurled into being as .. the mediator betwixt two else unmarriageable facts. 1856 S. Dobell Lyrics War Times, German Legion, I could kneel down by thee. And o’er thy chill unmarriageable rest Cry [etc.].

un'married, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. a. Of persons: Not married; unwedded.

UNMARRY 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 737 gode cordeile vnmaricd was 80. c 1400 Maundev. (1839) xix. 209 Wommen that ben un-marycd, thei han Tokenes on hire Hedes. 0x450 Lovelich Grail Iv. 50 Wedded weren.. Alle his bretheryn except on .. that tho was vn-maryed. 1491 Act 7 lien. VII, c. 20 §6 If.. Elizabeth dye unmaryed. a 1540 Barnes Wks. (*573) 364/2 This thing dyd Paphnutius, though that hee hym selfe was vnmaryed. 1591 Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) I. 187 All my children bothe mailed and unmaried. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Marriage ^ Single Life (Arb.) 266 Vnmarr>'ed Men arc best Frendes. 1653 H. Cogan Diod. Sic. iv. xxii. 152 He lived all his life time unmarried. 1728 Young Love Fame vi. 79 Unmarrv’d Abra puts on formal airs. 1779 Mirror No. 12, The two eldest of my unmarried daughters. 1834 Rep. Poor Laws 196 in Pari. Papers XXVII. 200 An unmarried mother has voluntarily placed herself in the situation of a widow. 1834 Wellington Let. to Miss J. 24 Oct., The Duke is not in the habit of visiting young unmarried ladies. 1875 Ruskin Fors Clav. V. Ivi. 235 Every unmarried woman should have enough left her by her father to keep herself, and a pet dog. 1933 D. C. E. Peel Life's Enchanted Cup i. 9 People did not look upon unmarried mothers with so lenient an eye as they came to do during the war. 1965 Hall & Howes Church in Social Work ii. 50 Unmarried fathers and ‘other men in moral difficulty’. 1972 Guardian 15 Nov. 9/1 One [letter] suggests that if unmarried mums were only encouraged to keep their babies, this sort of thing couldn’t happen. 1983 J. Gardner Elephants in Attic iv. 29 In the thirties unmarried mums were not the ‘in’ thing. transf. 16x1 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 123 Pale Prime-roses, That dye vnmarried, ere they can behold Bright Phoebus in his strength. 177X Encycl. Brit. I. 651/2 [The insect] flies from flower to flower till it arrives at the unmarried female.

b. absol. and as sb, *557 N.T. (Geneva) / Cor. vii. 8, I say vnto the vnmaried, and widowes, it is good [etc.]. 1619 Fletcher Knt. XIalta v. i, Husband, Wife, There is some holy mystery in those names That sure the unmarried cannot understand. 1728 Eliza Heywood tr. Mme. de Gomez's Belle A. (1732) H. 147 Neither did the Night want its Charms both to the married and the unmarried. 1819 Metropolis I. 71 We had a very bad turn out of British females, mostly dowagers and elderly unmarrieds. 1871 A. Meadows Man. Midwifery (ed. 2) 11. 59 In the case of the unmarried, he may .. cast a slur upon a spotless character.

2. Lived free from marriage. 1648 Hexham ii, Een eeloosen Staet, an Unmarried State. 1747 Francis tr. Horace, Epist. i. i. 125 How happy then is an unmarried Life! 1755 Johnson, Celibacy, single life; unmarried state. 1930 R. Lehmann Note in Music iv. 157 He carried on the splendid tradition of unmarried fatherhood. 1962 Sunday Express 30 Dec. 19/5 The problems of unmarried motherhood. 1980 C. Fremlin With No Crying i. 6 Friends.. passionately defending her right to unmarried motherhood.

un'marry, v. [un-’* 3, 7.] 1. trans. (and refl.). To dissolve the marriage of; to free from the marriage-tie; to divorce. X530 Palsgr. 768/2, I can unmary my selfe by ronnyng away. 1588 Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 401 He doth vnmarry them, and setteth her at libertie that she may marry with an other. 1637 Shirley Gamester i. i. Yes, I did marry you;.. I would there were a parson to unmarry us! 1680 Baxter Answ. Stillingfl. xii. 20 As he that marrieth Persons may not.. unmarry them again, save for Adultery. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) H. 59 If he docs not first unmarry himself, I will never see him any more. 1857 Dickens Dorrit ii. viii, They are fast married, and can’t be unmarried. 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet II. 177 Nothing can unmarry you now. absol. 1708 O. Dykes Eng. Prov. & Reft. 7 In fine, an After-Thought cannot unmarry; it cannot set a broken Leg.

b. To put away, to divorce (a wife). 1645 Milton Tetrach. 49 Is it imaginable there should bee among these., a law giving permissions laxative to unmarry a wife and marry a lust? 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) III. 177 Though he did not live with her, he could not unmarry her.

2. intr. To free oneself from marriage. 1635 J. Hayward tr. Biondfs Banish'd Virg. 172 Having left her father, and unmarried and remarried againe at her pleasure. 1652 J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox x. 244, I marry without injoying my wife, I unmarry, I marry again. 1769 in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury (1870) I. 172 We are unmarrying among the great; the Duke of Grafton’s divorce was finished this morning. 1839 J. Rogers Antipopopr. xvi. §3. 332 Thus people may neither marry nor unmarry without priorly obtaining permission from the priesthood. 1895 How to get Married 86 Actors marry and unmarry ad libitum in a disgraceful way.

un'marrying, pp/. a. {un-‘ 10.) 1846 H. G. Robinson Odes of Horace ii. xv. The unmarrying [L. caelebs] plane [will] o’erwhelm Shortly with its growth the elm. 1848 Lady Lyttelton Corr. (1912) 385 An unmarrying old young lady.

un'marshalled, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1767 Lewis Statius xii. 906 Ev’ry Plain To Combate sends a rude, unmarshall’d Train.

un'martial, a. (un-* 7.) i6xi Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xxii. §4. 109 [They] consumed their times in banquetting, and vnmartiall disports. X797 Monthly Mag. III. 306 The effect of the whole is so dr>' and unmartial as to do little credit to the musical taste of Louis the XVIth. 1880 L. Wallace BenIlur 520 This most unmartial figure.

t un'martial, t). Obs.~' (uN-*6a.)

UNMATCHABLE

113

II. iv. §36 Scotus. .was made a Martyr after his Death... But since Baronius hath unmartyred fiim.

un'martyred, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) C1580 Munday View Sundry Examples (Shaks. Soc.) 88 Beaten .. so that from the crown of the bed to the soles of the feet, was left no member unmartired. 0x633 W. Austin Medit. (1635) **2 They..left not a peece of him unmart>Ted, till they had killed him. X908 Rider Haggard Ghost Kings i. 7 Should he return .. not only unmartyred but a palpable failure .. ?

un'marvellous, a. (un-* 7.) 1790 WoLCOT (P. Pindar) Ode Jas. Bruce iv, Thy soul delights in wonder, pomp, and bustle; Mine in th’ unmarvellous and placid scene. 1855 Maurice Learn. ^ Work. iv. 107 This Hope .. may .. shrink into a very obvious, intelligible, unmarvellous quality.

t un'masculate. r. Obs.-' [un-* 3.] trans. To emasculate. 1639 Fuller Holy War 255 The sinnes of the South unmasculate Northern bodies.

un'masculine, a. (un-' 7.) 1649 Milton Tenure Kings s The unmasculine Rhetorick of any puling Priest or Chaplain. 1829 Lamb Lett. (1886) II. 304 My whole heart is faint, and my whole head is sick .. at this damned canting, unmasculine age!

un'mask, v. [un-’‘ 4, 7. Cf. Du. ont-, G. entmasken.] 1. trans. To free (the face) from a mask or vizard; to remove a mask or covering from. Also in fig. context. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. iii. 37 The chariest Maid is Prodigall enough. If she vnmaske her beauty to the Moone. 1626 T. H[awkins] Caussin's Holy Crt. 134 An heresy discouered, is a face unmasked, take away the vizard, you disarme her. 1665 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 154 The Bridge.. was.. full of Women,.. many of which .. in a fair deportment unmasqued their faces. 1728 Eliza Heywood tr. Mme. de Gomez's Belle A. (1732) II. 24 The Demand I am about to make., is to follow my Example, and immediately be all unmask’d. 184X Emerson Lect. on Times (1844) 72 To-day is a king in disguise... Let us unmask the king as he passes. 1876 J. Saunders Lion in Path xxxvii, We must unmask you, pretty Mistress Preston. reft. 1825 Scott Talism. x, Putting his hand to his chin, and withdrawing it with the action of one who unmasks himself.

b. To remove like a mask. 1624 G. Raleigh in Farr Sel. P. Jas. I (1847) 242 Our tender muse hath labored as she could; Her sable vaile she must of force unmaske.

2. fig. To divest of a specious appearance or show; to disclose the true character of; to bring into the light; to make plain or obvious. 1593 Shaks. Lucr. 1602 Vnmaske.. this moodie heauinesse. And tell thy griefe. 1611 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. I. xlii. 81/2 Since the true God hath vnmasked the errors of those times by the truth of his word. 1646 Gataker Mistake Removed 39 Which yet the whole drift of his discours will easily un-maske. 1672 Wilkins Nat. Relig. 44 Time.. doth by degrees discover & unmask the fallacy of ungrounded erswasions. 1704 Norris Ideal World ii. iii. 257 Could we ut unmask nature, and strip it of all those false ornaments wherewith our prejudiced imagination has cloathed it. 1798 Monthly Mag. VI. 552 In unmasking the popular heathenism, and in revealing the immortality of the soul. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. 241 The accuser.. unmasked their conspiracy with Apelles. 1869 Mozley Univ. Serm. ii. (1876) 43 That judicial mission which was to unmask false goodness.

b. With personal object. Also refl. 01586 Sidney Arcadia ii. xxiii, Zelmane thought-sicke, unmaskes her selfe. 1640 Sir W. Mure Counter-Buff 125 Now thy piece I must anatomize... The frontespiece un¬ maskes an hypocrite. 1668 Temple Let. to Ld. Arlington Wks. 1720 II. 97 They must now suddenly unmask them¬ selves in one way or other, no farther Pretences being left. 1718 Free-thinker No. 75. 140 The Person.. lives under a perpetual Apprehension of being unmasked. 1797 Mrs. Kadcliffe Italian ix, ‘The hypocrite!’ said he to himself..; ‘but I will unmask him’. 18x9 Crabbe T. of Hall xii. 296 No sooner was it [xr. her hand in marriage] ask’d Than she the lovely Jezebel unmask’d. 1872 Morley Voltaire i. 4 Christian charity feels constrained to unmask a demon from the depths of the pit.

3. absol. To take off one’s mask. Also in fig. context (quot. 1683). 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. v. i. 206 My husband bids me, now I will vnmaske. This is that face.. Which once [etc.]. 1611 Chapman May-Day v. 74 Quint. O no, you must not vnmaske. Innoc. No, no, lie kisse her with my maske and all. 1683 Kennett Erasm. on Folly 2 At the first sight of me, you all unmasque, and appear in more lively colours. 1728 Fielding Lov. in Sev. Masques iv. iii. Unmasque then. If I like your Face no better than your Principles, Madam; I will immediately take my Leave of both. 1756 tr. Keysler's Trav. I. 349 A female bed-fellow, who never unmasks till she comes into the bed-chamber. x8i8 Lady Morgan Autobiog. (1859) 299,1 was obliged to unmask from the heat, and soon got a crowd about me.

h.fig. To display one’s true character. 1622 Bacon J'u/iux Caesar Mor. & Hist. Wks. (Bohn) 502 Though this was ever his scheme, and at last put in execution, yet he did not unmask. 1745 Young Nt. Th. vni. 224 Their treach’rous blessings, at the day of need. Like other faithless friends, unmask, and sting.

x8x6 Sir H. Douglas Mtlit. Bridges iv. 110 The other divisions.. hastened their march as soon as the movement was unmasked. X879 Low Afghan War 100 With a view of making the Afghan commandant.. unmask his force.

5. intr. To emerge into view. X858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 227 Two Obelisks .on the strand .. will.. unmask.

Hence un'masking ppl. a. 1807 J. Barlow Columb. vi. 568 Gates guides the onset.. And tells the unmasking batteries when to roar.

un'tnasked, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) X590 Greene Never too /ote (1600) 14 The maids in Rome durst not looke at Venus Temple till they were thirtie, nor went they vnmasked till they were married. 1628 Feltham Resolves ii. viii. 18 Diseased eyes indure not an vnmasked Sunne. ?i630 H. R. Mythomystes, A3, To lav downe a naked & vnmasked Trueth. 1679 in Lond. Gaz. Mo. 1406/1 The unmasked Boldness of such as durst openly.. assemble themselves together, to Kill..the Primate. 1740 H. Walpole Corr. (1820) 1.45,1 have found a little unmasqued moment to write to you. 1784 Cowper Task ii. 695 They .. in th’ end, disclose a face That would have shock’d credulity herself, Unmask’d. x8ii Scott Don Roderick ii. xii, He saw her hideous face, and loved the fiend unmask'd. 1855 Pusey Doctr. Real Presence 717 An universal suppression of the truths .. and the unmasked substitution of falsehood.

un'masker. [f. unmask v.] One who unmasks. 1644 Milton Areop. 7 The great unmasker of the Trentine Councel. X697 Locke 2nd Vind. Reason. Chr. 183 The Unmasker smartly convinces me of no small Blunder in these words. 1833 Carlyle Misc. (1840) IV. 404 ‘Far from being modest,’ says this Unmasker, ‘he brags beyond expression’. 1850 L. Hunt Autobiog. v. 98 [They] stood side by side in my imagination as unmaskers of venerable appearance. X884 Manch. Exam. 9 May 5/5 The first unmasker of the forgery.

un'masking, vbl. sb. [f. as prec.] The action of divesting of a mask. Chiefly fig. 0x586 Sidney Arcadia iii. xxiii. Her unmasking of Cecropias fruitlesse sophistrie. 1602 J. H[all] (title), The Un-masking of the Politique Atheist. 1641 Milton Reform. I. 8 The unmasking of Hypocrites. 174X Richardson Pamela IV. 233 Because of her Freedoms when mask’d; her Un-masking, and her Handkerchief. 1861 Trench Comm. Ep. Churches Asia 87 An unmasking of them that said they were Apostles and were not. 1895 Athenaeum 17 Aug. 218/3 Mr. Meredith’s pitiless unmaskings of folly.

un'massacred, p/>/. a. (un-* 8.) 1608-9 Middleton Widow iii. i. Would you let him ’scape unmassacred?

un'massed, ppl. a. (un-=* 6 b, 8.) 1847 Athenaeum April 393/1 The inside., of the building .. is minutely decorated everywhere, but certainly is not dismembered or unmassed anywhere.

un'massy, a. (un-* 7.) 1665 Sir G. Mackenzie Moral Essay 52 So unmassie a reputation, that, when it is hammered out [etc.].

un'mast, v.

[un-^ 4. Cf. Du. ont-, entmasten.] trans. To divest of a mast.

G.

1611 Florio, Disarborare,.. to unmast a ship. x668 Lond. Gaz. No. 238/1 The same Tempest.. unmasling several others [xc. shms]. 1698 T. Froger Voy. 17 We also began to unmast the Fruitful Pink to turn it into a Bomb-Galley.

un'masted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [*775 Ash.] X804 J. Larwood Gun Boat unruddered, unmasted, unordonanced existence.

12

An

un'master, v. (un-“ 3.) *593“4 Sylvester Profit Imprisonm. Wks. (Grosart) II. 56/2 Small the honour is to be acknowledg’d King And Monark of the World, one’s self un-mastering.

un'masterable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1617 Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 114 By this violence, thinking to quaile the heart of a most vnmaisterable King. X625 Jackson Creed v. xxxv. §6 An unexpected instinct or unmasterable impulsion. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. IV. ii. 201 The Faetor whereof may discover it self by sweat .., as being unmasterable by the naturall heat of man.

un'mastered, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc II. ii, Great is the daunger of vnmaistred might. 1593 Sidney's Arcadia iv. Wks. 1922 II. 107 The unmastred vertu of Pyrocles. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. iii. 32 If with too credent eare you list his Songs;.. or your chast Treasure open To his vnmastred importunity. 1700 Dryden Sp. Ajax, etc. 595 He., cannot his unmaster’d Grief sustain, But yields to Rage. X793 Minstrel II. 194 To appropriate to her own use these evidently unmastered treasures. x8oo Coleridge Piccolom. IV. vii, Nature.., like the emancipated force of fire, Unmastered scorches.. Their fine-spun webs. 1870 Bryant Iliad v. I. 145 Lest, taking flight, they range Unmastered when they hear thy voice no more.

tun'masterly,adu. Obs.-' [un-* ii.] Without being supervised. 1684 H. More Answer Pref. b4b. To act at pleasure, prosperously, freely and unmasterly.

un'masticated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 18x5 J. Smith Panorama Sci. ^ Art II. 643 The unmasticated P^^t contributes nothing to their nourishment. 1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 396 Masses of unmasticated food.

1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes iv. ii. 180 To unmartiall the whole man, and leave him without steel or iron upon him, is as if you should pare the nailes of a Lyon.

4. trans. Mil. a. To reveal the presence of (a gun or battery) by opening fire.

fun'match, a. (un-* 7.)

un'martyr, i’. (uN-'6b.)

X747 Gentl. Mag. 450 The besieged unmask’d 4 batteries. 18x2 Examiner 31 Aug. 549/2 He unmasked a battery of forty pieces of cannon. 1M4 Manch. Exam. 9 Sept. 8/4 The Chinese, unmasking a mountain gun, fired on the Bayard,

un'matchable, a. [un-* 7 b.] 1. Incapable of being matched or equalled;

1646 Phynne Canterb. Doome Ep. Ded. a 2, The setting forth of this History of his Tryall, will soon Un-martyr, Un¬ saint, Uncrown this Arch-Imposter. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist.

b. To make patent; to show plainly.

X570 Levins Manip. 38 Vnmatche, inequalis.

incomparable, matchless. Also const, by.

UNMATCHABLY

UNMEASURABLE

II4

In ver>’ common use from c 1590 to c 1660. 1544 Betham Precepts War i. Ixxxix. E vj, The renoume of that capitayne.. is vnmatcheable. 1587 A. Day Daphnis ^ Chloe (1890) 16 Loue, the.. Soueraigne of their vnmacheablc bewties. 1649 Baxter Saint's R. ii. v. §3. 218 Those divine unmatchable Psalms. 1683 Brit. Spec. 277 With un-matchable Valor, and Extraordinary Hazard of his Princely Person, f 1799 Villario ill. iii. in New Brit. Theatre II. 165 It is the mind that is unmatchable By aught on earth. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xvii. §51 Of such landscape .. he has expressed the power in.. a central and un¬ matchable way. 1881 Tennyson Cup i. i, The brows and eyes Of Venus: face and form unmatchable!

b. Incapable of being compared to others.

unmathe'maticaL a. (un-^ 7.) in Q. Rev. Jan. (1913) 115 All the cross unmathematical devils upon earth first put it together. 1784 R. Bage Barham Downs I. 230 One unmathematical passion however. Avarice,.. had got fast hold of me. 1804-6 Syd. Smith Mor. Philos. (1850) 395 Any immoral, irreligious or unmathematical track of thought. 1720 Prior

unmathe'matically,

(un-^ ii.)

1644 lo Halliwell Lett. Sci. Subj. 80 Mr. Warner’s papers ..are., most unmathematically divided between the sequestrators and creditors.

un'matingq/}/>/. a. (un-^ 10.)

1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. 45 These Britaines. although .. vnmatchable to them in educated ciuility, yet [etc.].

1855 M. Arnold To Marguerite 32 Or, if not quite alone, yet they Which touch thee are unmating things.

c. To which nothing properly matching can be found. (See match v. 9 b.)

unma'triculatedq ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

18^ Sir G. Jackson in Diaries & Lett. (1873) I. 3 A scrap of riband.. unmatchable in Bath. 1852 Miss Sewell Experience of Life xiv. (1858) 95, I was especially directed to match some unmatchable silk.

2. Incapable of being matched together. 1643 Milton Divorce 18 He forbids all unmatchable and unmingling natures to consort. 1645- Tetrach. 48 His law tells us he joynes not unmachable things.

Hence un'matchableness.

1644 Milton Educ. 2 Instead of beginning with Arts most easie,.. they present their young unmatriculated novices at first comming with the most intellective abstractions of Logick and metaphysicks. 1884 Manch. Exam. 27 Nov. 5/4 Matriculated and unmatriculated students.

unmatri'monial, a. (un-^ 7.) 1572 tr. Buchanan's Detectioun Fiij b, Within viii. Dayis, scho finischit that unmatrimoniall Matrimonie.

un'matronlike, a. (un-^ 7 c.)

1627 Bp. Hall Epist. iv. ii. 340 In the presumption of his vnmalchablenesse. 1676 Doctrine of Devils 182 The Unmatchablene.ss of his Antagonist being considered.

1748 Richardson Clarissa V. 256 The behaviour of the unmatron-like jilt, whom thou broughtest to betray me.

fun'matteredqa. Obs.-^ [un-^q.] Immaterial.

un'matchably, adv. (f. prec., or un-^ ii.) 1603; Ld. Herbert Corr. in Life (1886) 335 As knowing that his worthy disposition that began it of himself, will continue it as undeservedly as he did unmatchably enter into it. 1609 W. M. Man in Moon G 2 b, Seeing therefore it is such an inestimable iewell, how warily are you to keep it?.. so vnmatchably allied, how much are you to make of it? 1882 Harper's Mag. LXV. 548 The unmatchably pale bright yellow-white of the grain fields.

un'matched> p/>/. a. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not matched or equalled;

matchless;

unrivalled. 1581 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 26 Though we get not so vnmatched a praise as the Etimologie of his names wil grant. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vi. (1626) 109 Antigone, who stroue For vnmatcht beautie with the wife of loue. 1637 J. Rutter ist Pt. Cid v. iii. 27 It were better that his unmatch’d valour Should get him victory. 1678 Dryden All for Love iv. i. Your unmatch’d desert. 1780 Burke Sp. Bristol Wks. 1792 II. 313 Refusing to commit this act of un-matched turpitude. 1812 Combe Syntax, Picturesque xxiv. 89 Shakespeare, immortal Bard sublime! Unmatch’d within the realms of time! 01845 Hood Lamia i. 40 Let such an unmatched vision still shine on. 1878 Symonds Sonn. M. Angelo lix, Nay, nor the unmatched phoenix lives anew. Unless she burn. absol. 1632 R. Allen in Lithgow Trav. B3b, This thy second Pilgrimage of Minde,.. in Methode, Phrase, and Stile, May match the most vnmatched in this He.

b. Const, by; at, for., in, or of. 1592 Daniel Compl. Rosamond xxiv, Vnmatch’d by sword, [he] was vanquish! by a glaunce. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. XII. Ixxiii. 304 Fertile grounds, vnmatch’t for fruits. 1700 Rowe Amb. Step-Moth. ii. ii, Long time unmatcht in War the Hero shone. 1789 Burns Whistle iv, Unmatch’d at the bottle, unconquer’d in war. 1810 Scott Lady of L. i. vii. Two dogs.. Unniatch’d for courage. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. I. II. 629 This is the man, unmatched of heart and limb.

2. Not provided with something equal or alike. 1645 Milton Tetrach. 19 When love findes it self utterly unmatcht, and justly vanishes, G mjt Rothelan\\\. 132 A mean abode,.. with old-fashioned unmatched chairs.

Hence un'matchedness. C1611 Chapman Iliad Pref. A 3 b, vnmatchednesse in all manner of learning.

tun'matchless,

a. Obs.~^ Unmatchable, matchless.

1657 F. CocKiN unmatchlesse sweets.

Div.

Blossomes

unmate, early ME. variant of

49

His

cleare

[un-^

5 a.]

Those

rare

unmeet a.

un'mate, v. (un-'‘ 3.) 1891 C. E. Norton Dante's Hell xxx, 164 The heavy hydropsy which.. so unmates the members that the face corresponds not with the belly,

un'mated, ppl. a.

(un-> 8.) 1614 Gorges Lucan ii. 53 Nothing at all these horrid facts bylla s ynmated minde distracts. 1633 Ford 'Tis Pity v. i Here like a Turtle, (mew’d vp in a Cage,) Vnmated, I conuerse with Ayre and walls. 1850 Blackie Mschylus II "'°an Is left alone. i8qi Anthony s Photogr. Bull. IV. 380 To immortalize the smiling eyes, which m repose are.. unmated.

unma'terial, a. [UN-'y, 5 b.] Immaterial. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. (1495) ii. ii. 27 In somochi he IS the more perfyte in contemplacyon of spirytuell anc vnmateria thynges. 1587 Golding De Mornay xiv. 239 Ar

ynmateriall substance, which hath being of it selfe. isqt A 940 Should we this ornament of glory then unmaterial fruits of shades, neglect. 1602 Warnei Alb. Eng. xiii. Ixxix. 326 Vnpassiue, vnmateriall vmcompounded. Infinite. 1883 Rossetti in Athensum i« Uec. 770/2 The scholar who constantly lives an inward anc unmaterial life.

unma'ternal, a.

(un-^

7.)

1821 Shelley Epipsych. 18 Thy panting, wounded breast Stains with dear blood its unmaternal nest! 1885 tr. A. Monad s Life Lett. 17 You only wished to try me, and not seriously to give me such unmaternal advice.

1646 J. Hall Poems i. 30 Let men desire, like those above Un-matter’d forms, wee’l onely love.

unma'tured, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1741 W. Whitehead Danger of Writing Verse 23 That, unmatur’d by years, My easy numbers pleas’d your partial ears. 1836 F. Mahony Rel. Father Prout (1859) 374 Whatever might have been crude and unmatured in his juvenile lucubrations.

tun'maw, t;. Obs.-^ [un-^ 3.] trans. To empty of knowledge. 1631 Mabbe Celestina xvii. 175 With my..inticing termes,.. I will quite unmaw him, and draw from him all that hee .. knowes.

funmawe, a. Obs. rare. In 4 on-, oun-. [OE. unma^a a poor or helpless person.]

Helpless.

C1380 Sir Ferumb. 2658 He hew of heuedes, armes, & haunde of ^>e Sarasyns pat were on-mawe. Ibid. 2766 Hwich pe Sarazyns pat were ounmawe angryde in euery syde.

un'maze, v.

[un-^ 3.] trans. amazement or confusion.

To free from

1647 R. Stapylton Juvenal 149 This new man Tully.. Set guards, where e’re the line of danger ran, Unmaz’d us, and took pains for all the town.

un'meaning,/)/)/. a. [un-^ 10.] 1. a. Of features, etc.: Expressionless, vacant, unintelligent. 1704 Steele Lying Lover iii. i, Poor stupid insipid Lady Fad,.. with that unmeaning Face of hers. 1760 Dodd Hymn Good-Nat. Poems (1767) 3 Daughter of Folly; whose un¬ meaning front Wears the soft simper of perpetual smiles! 1815 Scott Guy M. ix, Bertram turned a stupified and unmeaning eye on the messenger. 1836 Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 34 The old man spoke in his dreams and muttered with unmeaning visage and fixed eye.

b. Of persons: Having no serious aim or purpose. 1746 Eliza Heywood Female Spect. No. 24 (1748) IV. 305 Being a fool, [she] was thoughtless, giddy, and unmeaning. 1812 Miss Mitford in L’Estrange Life (1870) I. 172 Peace be to them, sweet simpletons! as unmeaning ., as their own dinner-bells. 1846 Mrs. Gore Eng. Char. I, 40 The vapid, unmeaning, unconnected Lady P-.

2. Having no meaning or significance; meaningless: a. Of actions, conduct, etc. 1728 Eliza Heywood tr. Mme. de Gomez's Belle 2I. (1732) II. 228 Turning the Effect of his Admiration into the Appearance of an unmeaning Gallantry. 1776 Mickle Camoen's Lusiad p, Ixxvii, Unmeaning slaughter.. comprise[s] the whole history of his regency. 1825 T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. IH. 320 Full of grimace, affectation, and unmeaning levity. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 229 The tendency.. is not an unmeaning accident.

b. Of words, utterances, etc. 1709 Pope Essay on Criticism 355 At the..only couplet fraught With some unmeaning thing they call a thought. 1727 Boyer Diet. Royal ii. s.v.. Unmeaning Words. 1771 T. Percival Ess. (1777) !• ^ [T'hey] conceal their own Ignorance.. by unmeaning terms and pompous phrases. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xv. III. 559 That several neighbouring nations.. thought this most unmeaning of all n^es worth borrowing. 1875 Fortnum Maiolica xi. 109 The unmeaning designs of the oriental porcelain. absol. 1870 Disraeli Lothair Ixxvii, I do not believe in the unmeaning.

3. Uttering nothing significant. 1743 W. Whitehead Ep. Ann Boleyn 90 Each distant Hint that hung On broken Sounds of an unmeaning Tongue.

unmeaningly, adv. (uN-‘ ii; cf. prec.) Nonsensically, unmeaningly, foolishly. i8of Sketches of Character (1813) I. 133 Look at the soft soul — how unmeanii^ly she stares at the Band. 1870 Loweli Otway Wind., Gt. Publ. Char., Those threads of gossamer the nearest approach to nothing unmeaningly prolonged

un'meaningness. (un-^ 12.) 1796 Mme. P Arblay Camilla H. 13 She perceived hei two little sprigs. , under the feet of Indiana, who with apparent unmeaningness.. had trampled upon them both 39. The Utter emptiness anc unmeamngness of the vaunted Mechanico-corpusculai

Philosophy. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel iv. 189 The unmeaningnesses, which they have brought into the prophecy, cannot be its meaning.

un'meant, ppl. a. intended.

[un-‘ 8 b.]

Not meant or

a 1634 Chapman Revenge for Honour v. ii, Howere you’re pleas’d to mock me.. with these impertinent, unmeant discourses, I cannot.. give them the least credit. 1697 Dryden JEneis x. 561 The flying Spear was after Ilus sent. But Rhoetus hapen’d on a Death unmeant. 1738 G. Lxllo Manna ii. i, I who cou’d not bear The unmeant rivalsh^ of sweet Marina. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. ill. iv. 151 That .. hollow talk Which makes the heart.. question that unmeant hypocrisy. 1891 E. Kinglake Australian at Home 71 It is the short sighted gentleman .. on whom the ball finds its unmeant mark as a rule.

b. Const, by and with complement. C1700 Congreve To Cynthia Wks. 1730 III. 291 Curse on that Word so ready to be spoke. For through my Lips, unmeant by me, it broke, 1745 Young Nt. Th. viii. 682 Can man .. strike out A self-wrought happiness unmeant by him Who made us? 1848 Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 211 These mysteries Unmeant by Heaven to be cleared up on earth.

un'measurable, a., sb., and adv. ? Obs. [un-* 7 b, 5 b, 12, and 11 b.] 1. Incapable of being measured on account of great size, extent, or amount; immense, vast: a. Of material things, dimensions, time, etc. C1386 Chaucer Man of Law’s T. 934 O Golias, vnmesurable of lengthe. 1513; Douglas JEneid vi. vi. 71 Cerberus,.. Vnmesurable in his cave quhar he lay. a 1541 Wyatt in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 70 Lyke vnto these vnmesurable mountaines. So is my painefull life, the burden of yre, 1585 T, Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. iii. 33 The walles .. are made of grauen stone.. of length and bignesse vnmeasurable. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God III. xxxi. 152 A most huge and vnmesurable cloud. 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 243 Truth and Falshood . . are removed from each other by an unmeasurable distance. 1754 Edwards Freed. Will iv. viii, 240 Unlimited and Unmeasureable Periods of Time. 1774 J. Bryant MyMo/. I. 398 The tower.. was of an unmeasurable height.

b. Of actions, qualities, feelings, etc. *377 Langl. P. PL B. xv, 69 (W.), Ye moeven materes unmesurable [v.rr. vn-, inmesurables] To tellen of the Trinite. c 1450 Merlin xx. 329 He.. yaf hym soche a stroke with the brasen betell so vn-mesurable, that [etc.]. 1542 Becon News Heaven H iij b, Your ioy can not be expressed, your gladnes is vnmeasurable. 1588 in Harl. Misc. (1808) I. 143 An unmeasurable deep despair. 1648 Sanderson Serm., Ad Aul. (1681) II. 242 We .. shall have an unmeasurable reward . .for the good we have done. ai6'77 Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 345 He did by unmeasurable communications of divine virtue assist his humanity. 17.. Watts Hymns, Come, dearest Lord' ii, The Heighth, and Breadth, and Length, Of thine unmeasurable Grace. 17^-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) II. 120 This .. parade of sanctity gave him .. unmeasurable credit.

c. Used with reference to God. *535 CovERDALE Baruch iii. 25 Greate is he,.. hye and vnmeasurable. 1551 Veron Godly Saiyng^Eviii, Touchinge his godheade, and vnmeasurable substaunce. 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 126 The same one man is locall.. as touching his manhood, which is also God unmeasurable from the Father.

2. Immoderate, inordinate, unbounded: a. Of persons (or other agents). 1388 Wyclif Prov. xv. 4 The tunge which is vnmesurable, schal defoule the spirit. C1400 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton, 1483) III. ix. 55 These haue ben so vnmesurable in their expensys. ^1450 Mirqur Saluacioun 3936 Nabal.. made to hym kyng Dauid his vnmesurable enemy. C1520 Barclay Jugurth xxvii. 37 b, Their myndes were greatly immoderate and vnmeasurable in their desyre to ouercome thestates. 1597 Breton Auspicante Jehoua Wks. (Grosart) II. 6/2 So great and vnmeasurable a sinner. 1629 J. Maxwell tr. Herodian 155 An vnmeasurable Louer of Money. 1667 South Serm. (1697) 32 He. .shall find [sin].. an Unmeasurable Exactor.

b. Of desires or the gratification of these. C1386 Chaucer Pars. T. Ip8i8 Glotonye is vnmesurable Appetit to ete or to drynke. 1388 Wyclif i Pet. iv. 3 Whiche walkiden.. in myche drinking of wyn, in vnmesurable etyngis and drynkyngis. 1422 Yong tr. Secreta Secret. 194 Hit is dedly syn whan that concupiscens is so vnmessurable that [etc.]. 1482 Monk of Evesham xxi. (Arb.) 49 Y was., ageyne bonde yn to luste and custome of the same sinne, that was yn mine owne onmeserabulle taking and appetite. 1583 Babington Commandm. 176 So euil an example of vnmeasurable sotting in bed. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. II. 269 Other carnall pleasures.., especially when they are excessiue and vnmeasurable. a 1648 Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 220 His Cardinal[’s].. unmeasurable Ambition and Covetousness. 1788 Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 371 The unmeasurable ambition of the Emperor.

c. In miscellaneous applications. C1425 in Anglia VIII. 139/11 Vnmesurabil laghter or ynsem and vnmanerly berynge of body. 1461 Rolls of Park. V. 493/2 The inordynat and unmesurable Enditementz and Presentementz. .of Felonye. 1535 Coverdale Ecclus. xxxvii. 30 Glotony commeth at the last to an vnmeasurable heate. 1592 Timme Ten Eng. Lepers H2 Through unmeasurable abstinence, the moysture of the bodie is dried up. 1638 Penkethman Artach. Kj, Great Tempests, unmeasurable Windes and Raines. 1674 Temple Let. to Ld. Treas. Wks. 1720 II. 311 The unmeasurable Burden of their Taxes. 1709 Swift Adv. Relig. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 97 The lustre of that most noble family.. which the unmeasurable profusion of ancestors.. had too much eclipsed.

3. Not admitting of measurement; immensurable. 1652 Zeal Examined Add. §9. 40 Which rendered the true Church unmeasureable by any outward Formes. 17x4 Barrow's Euclid Pref. p. ii, Both measurable and unmeasurable Magnitudes,

b. sb. An immensurable thing.

UNMEASURABLY 1652 Benlowes Thfoph. v. Ixxxvi, Can measures such Unmeasurables hold? Can time Infinity unfold? 4. adv. = UNMEASURABLY adv. c 1440 Alth. Tales 343 When he saw any yong monk lagh vnmcsurablc. ai vn-mesurli ar radd Efter rising to fall egain. X5X3 Douglas ACneidxtt. xii. 33 Twa of sik statur, onmysurly of hycht.

un'medicinable, a. [uN-*7b, 5 b.] 1. Incurable.

unme'chanic, a. (un-* 7.) X687 Death's Vision vii. Magnetic Virtues.. Which Un¬ mechanic seem’d and sprung from Laws Of some strange Forreign System. *789 [see unmetaphysic /. a. (un-* 10.) X765 Chesterf. Lett. (1774) II. 486 She is..a tender mother; and an unmeddling Queen. X774 ‘J. Collier’ Mus. Trav. App. 4 A contented, unmeddling man. *793 Jefferson Writ. (1859) IV. 16 Unmeddling with the affairs of other nations, we [etc.].

Hence un'meddlingly (Webster, 1847), -ness.

x6o6 Chapman Gent. Usher iv. ii. Away with this unmedcinable balme Of worded breath. x6x4 Latham Falconry 116 As it is a thing very medicinable,.. being rightly giuen; so also, it is as vnmedicinable and hurtfull if .. otherwise vsed.

un'meditated, ppl. a. (un-’ 8.) X624 Heywood Gunaik. i. 45 [They] left nothing unmeditated that might stirre up men to the adoration of the divine powers. X667 Milton P.L. v. 149 To praise Thir Maker, in fit strains pronounc’t or sung Unmeditated. X790 Paley Horae Paul. vii. §5 The intimations upon the subject preserve among themselves.. a consistency certainly unmeditated. e dede. And makes to pe doer no mede. X435 Misyn Fire of Love 93 ha trespas fowll therfore J»at say f>at all owr dedys inwarde or vtward ar meydfull or vnmedefull.

fun'meedy, a. [un-* 7.] Unrewarded. i de(? nys nouht to none t>inge. 01300 Cursor M. 11815 Jjat caitif vn-meth and vn-meke Nu bigines he to seke. C1325 Spec. Gy Warui. 615 Swich a fiht is vnmeb, For a3ein pe kintie hit gep.

unmethlich, -ship: see un-' 3. unme'thodical, a. (un-’ 7.) 1601 Cornwallis Ess. ii. 1. Nn7, They are unmethodicall, hardly to be caught by one forme, any in truth wil do it. c 1720 W. Gibson Diet Horses xi. (1731) 165 The.. Instructions.. are so obscure and un-methodical, that it is not an easy matter to follow them. 1862 Lytton Str. Story 11. 62 When I saw her.. smoothing his papers (in which he was apt to be unmethodical). 1869 Rogers Smith’s Wealth N. I. Pref. p. xxiv, The resources and defects of vast but un-rnethodical learning. 1872 Liddon Elem. Relig. i. 28 Its form is of necessity unmethodical: it is, if you will, anti¬ scholastic.

So unme'thodically adv. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. i, What fouler obiect in the world, then to see.. a hopefull Cheualier vnmethodically appointed in the externall ornaments of nature?

un'methodized, ppl. a. [un-‘ 8.] 1. Not reduced to method. 01677]. Harrington Grounds & Reasons Wks. (1700) 12 Tho the Understandings of most men seem to agree in som general maxims, but unpolish’d, unnumber’d and unmethodizd. 1734 Hervey Mem. Geo. II (1848) I. 400 1 he loose, unmethodized, and often incoherent manner in together. 1834 Sir H. Taylor Artevelde ii. v. n, What IS earth? A huge congestion of unmethodised matter.

2. Not become Methodist. t75i Lavington Enthus. Meth. & Papists in. (1754) 236 Hence they justly contemn .. all the Unmethodized, as of a mean and reprobate Way.

un'methodizing, vbl. sb. (un-® 6 c, 8.) 1818 C0LERID9E in Encycl.,Metrop. (1845)’!. Introd. 4 To the utter confusion and unmethodising of the science of the human mind.

un'metrical, a. (un-' 7.) Johnson Dec. 1784, Discoursin vehementl^y on the unmetrical effect of such a lapse 184 Masson Ess. R,og. & Crit. 412 The art of producing, b means of articulate language, metrical or unmetrical fictitious concrete. 1885 Athenaeum 17 Jan. 84/2 A kind c unmetrical narrative so poetic in motive .. as [etc.]. 1791

Boswell

un'mew, v. (un-® 5; cf. mew t;.®) i8i8 Keats Endytn. i. 132 Let a portion of ethereal dei Fall on my head, and presently unmew My soul.

118

UNMINDFUL

unmi'caceous, a. (un-* 7.) 1833-4 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 758/1 A felspathic quartzose rock, of rather dubious character, which may be called .. unmicaceous granite.

un'midwifed, a. (un-* 9.) *747 Gentl. Mag. 242 Her uberous store, To these, parturient Earth unmidwifd yields.

fun'might. Obs. [OE. unmiht, -meht (unD 12), = WFris. on-, unmacht, MDu. (Du.) onmacht, MLG. unmacht (LG. unmagt), OHG. (MHG.) unmaht (G. unmacht), Goth, unmaht-s', cf. also ON. umdttr, MDa. umagt.] Want of might or strength; weakness, feebleness. c^97

K- /Elfred Gregory's Past. C. xxxii. 208 Donne hie onjietaS hiera unbaeldo & hiera unmihte, hie weorSafi oft ormode. c 1200 Vices & Virtues 129 For pan euel to done nis non strencpe, ac is unmihte. a 1290 Bechet 1408 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 146 For mine sunnes and for mine onmijte, pat I ne may hire wardi noujt. C1330 R. Bhunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15564 An heuinesse, a gret vnmight. On Cadwalyn gan to lepe. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xxxii. (Justin) 205 pe vnmycht of my compere, J>at to spede had na powere. c 1400 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton, 1483) v. xiv. 108 In hym is feblesse and grete vnmyght. 1429 Rolls of Park. IV. 343 Crete myght on that o syde, and unmyght on that other.

t un'mightful, a. Obs. [un-* 7.] a. Unable, b. Impossible. 1340-70 Alex. & Dind. 762 pei hep vn-mihtful y-mad, men for to wisse. CI460 Towneley Myst. x. 141 No word, lady, that I the bryng, Is vnmyghtfull to heuen kyng.

un'might(i)ly, advs. Weakly, ineffectually. t

Obs.-°

[un-*

ii.]

1566 Drant Horace, Sat. in. Gj, Eatinge most bitter rootes and leaves, unmilde unto the taste.

Hence f un'mildness.

Obs.

1570 Drant Two Serm. Iviij, Mildnes to some is oft tymes vnmildnes and crueltie to many other. i6ii Florio, Jmmitezza, ynmildenesse, cruelty. 1644 Milton Divorce (ed. 2) II. vii. 46 The unmildnesse of Evangelick grace shall turn servant to declare the grace and mildnesse of the rigorous Law.

un'mildewed*

ppl.

a. (un-* 8.)

[1775 Ash.] a 1814 A. Becket Genii i. in New Brit. Theatre 1. 518 Kind Power, Still give the gold rod of our fields Unmildew’d.

un'militarily,

(un-* ii.)

= OFris. un-, onmachtich, WFris. on-, unmachtig, MDu. onmachtich (Du. -ig), MLG. unmechtich, OHG. unmahtig, -tk (MHG. unmehtec, -ic, G. unmachtich), Goth, unmahteig-s: cf. also ON. umdttig-r, MDa. umaagtug, early mod.Da. umsegtig.] Devoid of might or strength; weak, feeble, powerless, impotent. c888 K. TElfred Boeth. xxix. § i i^llc gesceadwis man maeg witan paet hi bio6 full earme & ful unmihtije. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 35 He bicom unmihti & wreche & unhol. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. iv. 22 Middel-end for mon wes mad, un¬ mihti aren is meste mede. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. ii. (1868) 114 Nedes goode folk moten ben myjty, and shrewes feble and vnmyjty. 14027. Upland(Skeat) §63 He coude not make his rule so good as an-other did his, (.. and so were he unmighty and not god). CI450 tr. De Imitatione ii. viii. 49 Whan pe grace of god.. gop away, pan shal he be poure & unmi3ty. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. C ij b. He was.. so feble and so unmyghty that hys dysciples susteyned.. hym in goyng to chirche. 1545 Raynald Byrth Mankynde 79 Yf the matryce be vnmighty and weakened. 1611 Florio, Impoderoso, vnmightie, vnpowerfull. 1876 Morris Sigurd II. 97 Myself a little fragment amidst it all I saw,.. unmighty as the tempest-driven straw. absol. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 30 It is necesari to hem to visit pe sek, to pray for pe vnmisti. 1549 Allen Jude's Par. Rev. 33 Both masters and seruauntes,.. hyghe and lowe, myghtie and vnmyghtie. 1587 Golding De Mornay Ep. Ded., The welbeloued Sonne of God .. must stande for all:., the mightie for the vnmightie.

b. Const, to, usually with inf. ciooo .ffjLFRic Saints’ Lives x. 257 Hwi come pu mid w$pnum .. to anum maedene unmihtijum to wije. a 1240 Sawles Warde in O.E. Horn. I. 257 Nu is riht penne pat we demen us seolf eauer unmihtie to werien ant to witen us .. wi5 ute godes helpe. 01300 Cursor M. 6706 Qua smites vte his thains eie. And mas him vn-mighti for-to seie. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cvi. 12 Jjai ware vnmyghty to stande agayn vmys. 1390 G9WER Conf. II. 177 Thei with-oute lyves ^lere Unmyhti ben to se or hiere. 1422 Yong tr. Secreta Secret. 235 Who-so hath the paas litill and swyfte, he is suspeccious, of euyl will, on-myghty to werkys.

tun mild, a. Obs. [OE. unmilde (un-* 7), = MDu. onmilde (obs. Du. onmild), OHG. unmiltt (MHG. unmilte, unmilde, G. unmild), ON. umild-r (MSw. omilder, Sw. omild, MDa., Da., and Norw. umild), Goth, unmild-s unkind.] 1. Not mild or gentle; harsh, rough, unkind. C9TO tr. Bxda’s Hist. ii. ii. (1890) 100 5if he ponne is unmilde Sc oferhysdij, ponne is pset cuS pact he nis of Code. C1200 Ormin 9880 H®penn lif & haepenn follkess herrte Iss harrd & starrc all allse stan, Unnmeoc & all unnmilde. a 1250 Owl & Night. 61 Ich wot pat pu art unmilde Wip horn pat ne mu^e from pe schilde. 01290 Beket 1460 in 5. Eng. Leg.l. 148 pvt of Engelonde he let heom driue:.. muche was he on-mildel o 1340 Hampole Psalter cxlvi. 6 Synful men pat ere sharpe and vnmyld and contrary. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P-R. xii. x. (Bodl. MS.), pe crowe..is a langelmgge brid vnmylde [L. impia], and greuous to men. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy 1. 281 Bolys ful vnmylde, with brasen feet, ramegous and wylde. 1482 Monk of Evesham 1. (Arb.) too Sche was only to her cosynis ryghte gastful and onmylde. 1526 R,/gr. Pet/. (W. de W. 1531)113*, Eschewe the occasyons of testynes or hastynes, and other vnmylde behauour 1558 Phaer Mneid iv. K iij. Some Tigres thee did nurse, and gaue to thee their milke unmild. 1611 Florio immite, vnmilcie, cruel. ’ 2. Harsh of taste.

ppl.

a. (un-* 8.)

Odyss.

un'milledt/)^/. a. (un-* 8.) 1555 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 86 Item ij webbe un¬ milled... Item xiiij peces of cloth. p/. a. (un-^ 6 b, 8.)

Hence .unmistaka'bility; unmi'stakableness.

1609 F. Grevil Mustapha iv. iv, That our great lord may see Vnmiracled his owne humanitie.

unmi'raculous, a. (un-‘ 7.) 1746 Young Nt. Th. ix. 1262 Miracles.. can not more amaze the mind. Than this, call’d unmiraculous survey. 1858 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. ix. viii. II. 476 The phantom becomes reasonably unmiraculous again. 1882 Seeley Nat. Relig. 254 The unmiraculous part of the Christian tradition.

un'mired, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

un'mirthful, a. (un-‘ 7.)

unmi'staken,/>/)/. a. (uN-*8b.)

1815 Jane Austen Emma xvi, Difficulties.. enough to occupy her in most unmirthful reflections. 1835 Lytton Rienzi i. iv. None saw that the unmirthful flash [of wit] was the token of the coming storm.

1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. II. 523 That obedience which is .. the genuine product of an unmistaken sanctity.

un'mirthfully, adv. (un-* ii.) 1894 Wilkins & Vivian Green Bay Tree vii, ‘Oh! come now,’ exclaimed Coryton, laughing unmirthfully.

un'miry, a. (un-* 7.) 1716 Gay Trivia in. 187 There may’st thou pass with safe unmiry feet, Where the rais’d pavement leads athwart the street.

1657 W. Fenner 2nd Pt. Christ's Alarm 97 Any Parish that is unchurched and unministred.

unmini'sterial, ppl. a. (un-^ 7.) 1727 Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 118 Used in the praise and dispraise of ministerial and unministerial persons. 1735 Hervey Mem. Geo. II (1848) 1. 492 One of the most impolitic unministerial acts I ever knew him guilty of. 1816 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 660 The plain, unministerial.. spirit of your writings. 1863 Edith j. May Stronges of Netherstronge 115 The perplexed minister recollected his office in time to repress a very unministerial reply.

un'minted, ppl. a. (un-* 8. Cf. Da. umyntet.) x6ii Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xxiv. 164 [She] caused the value of fortie thousand Angels in Bullion, v’nminted,.. to be sent. 1636 Pagitt Christianogr. (ed. 2) ii. 40 The Treasury of merits was unminted. 1739 G. Ogle Gualtherus & Griselda 87 Virtue, in low, is an unminted Mine. 1845 Petrie Round Towers Irel. 215 The precious metals were used as a circulating medium in large unminted pieces. 1881 Duffield Don Quixote II. 402 To rail on the lightness of women,.. their unminted promises.

1867 Chamb. Jrnl. z\ Dec. 8oi The unmistressed labouresses [xr. servants] sat in a smaller room.

unmis'trusted, a. (un-' 8.)

unmis*trustful, a. (un-* 7.)

1821 Lamb Elia 1. Quakers' Meeting, Nothing-plotting, nought-caballing, unmischievous synod! 1848 R. W. Hamilton Sabbath v. 170 Though overtrading is a solecism, not unmischievous is the unrequired extension of stock.

un'miscible, a. (un-' 7.) [1775 Ash ] 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 441/2 Oil and water are unmiscible.

unmis'giving,/)/)/. a. (un-' io.) 1693 Howe Carnality Relig. Contention Wks, 1724 II. 211 An high and unmisgiving Confidence, and expectation to be saved! 1832 L. Hunt Poems Pref. p. xi, A small and unambitious, yet unmisgiving and happy production. 1863 Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. i. 6 He has an unmisgiving confidence in his own powers. 1867 Lewes Hist. Philos, (ed. 3) II. 24 Discussing, with ardour and unmisgiving ingenuity, topics.. necessarily beyond all possible demonstration.

unmis'givingly, adv. (un-' ii; cf. prec.) 1842 Mrs. Browning Bk. Poets iv. §6 As it is a fault in the Greek lyrist to leave his buoyancy • • too unmisgivingly and entirely for the right reverence of Unity in Beauty. x86i Earle Glouc. Fragm. 40 Much in the same way as .. one .. is unhesitatingly and unmisgivingly pronounced ‘a saint in glory’.

unmis'guided, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1830 W. Taylor Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry I. 91 Unmisguided by ecclesiastic missionaries and monastic institutions.

unmisin'terpretablet £2. (un-* 7 b.) ax63i Donne Serm. 589 This usefull unmisinterpretable Confession which we speak of.

[un-* 7 b.]

and

That cannot or

X934 in Webster. 1972 Guardian 18 Mar. 10/2 Radio 4’s unmissable ‘Word in Edgeways’. X978 Times 28 Aug. 8/8 William Randolph Hearst’s fairy castle., is an unmissable monument to random acquisitiveness. X980 Daily Tel. 23 Aug. IO One act in the ‘unmissable’ category at the Edinburgh festival must surely be the Prvimaj Pirot Workers Culture Art Band from.. Yugoslavia. X983 Observer (Colour Suppl.) 13 Mar. 32/3 One unmissable part of her daily routine.

2. Destitute of a minister.

un'mistressed, a. (un-' 9.)

un'mischievous, a. (un-* 7.)

should not be missed.

Wks. 377/1 It were as good to ieaue the sacramentes vnministred vnto him as ministred. 1545 CovERDALE Def. Chr. Man Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 473 Therefore must so great a sacrament in no w'ise be left un¬ ministered.

1870 Rock Textile Fabrics p. xxx, The affection shown by .. all our nobility .. for cloth of gold in their garments, was unmistakingly set forth in so many of their likenesses.

1657 Trapp Comm. Ps. cxx. 1 The unmiscarrying return of prayer should bee carefully observed.

un'missable, a.

1532 More Confut. Tindale

unmi'stakingly, aifn. (un-' ii.)

1600 Tourneur Transf. Metam. xxv, Worlde’s trustlesse trust, Soule’s unmistrusted fall. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 393 In stead of loue, to giue me frownes;.. and all vnlook’d for, or, vnmistrusted; it wounds my very soule.

unmis'earrying,/)/)/. a. (un-' io.)

(i66i) 8o They.. Un-church most Protestant Churches in forein parts, and Un-minister their Ministers. 1676 Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. ix. (1848) 138 They did not unminister him, and therefore did not quarrel his preaching or praying in public.

un'ministered, ppl. a. and a. [un-‘ 8, 9.] 1. Not administered (to a person).

unmi'stakably, adv. (un-' ii; cf. prec.) 1854 tr. Hettner's Athens 51 Architectural fragments, unmistakably of very ancient origin. 1894 Sala London up to date xxiii. 347 A cleanly-shaven fellow with.. an un¬ mistakably horsey look about the eyes and lips.

un'minister, v. (un-^ 6 b.) 1636 Prynne Unbish. Tim.

x866 Grosart in Lismore Papers Introd. 13 The frankness and unmistakableness with which facts are given. 1923 J. M. Murry Pencillings 13 It matters only if another writer should arise who., will take advantage of some of Henry James’s explorations and use them in order to increase his own unmistakability. 1972 Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 19 May 41/3 One thing all [these villages] possess, and Torremolinos-rampant does not, is unmistakeability.

C1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. lxix. vi, Gratious God,.. Keepe me safe unsunck, un-myred, Safe from flowing foes retyred.

un'minished, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) *533 More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Wks. 1096/1 By hys ascendyng vp w^th hys body hole and vnminished. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. xxxvi. 215 That he must be so obeyed, as his whole right be reserued to him unminished. 1848 Pusey Paroch. Serm. (1852) I. 121 One Everlasting, Unminished, Unchanging Joy. 1854 S. Dobell Balder xxiii. 102 He walks. Hale and unminished, to and fro. 1870 Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 142 For him the sleepless wellsprings of Cephisus are yet unminished and unfrozen.

1666 Tillotson Rule of Faith i. iii. §9. 31 Unmistakeable, indefectible Oral Tradition. 0x834 Coleridge Bwgr. Lit. (1847) I. 305 In Nature. . there are unmistakeable foretokens of Evil. 1840 Hood Vp Rhine 242 The unmistakeable Roman features of the Centurion. x86o Tyndall Glac. 390 The veins.. cutting each other at an unmistakeable angle.

un'missed, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) ai^oo Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS.105/255 Thay menskede the with manhede, with mytir vn-myste. cx520 Barclay (1557) 8 The right kayes.. nyghtly were delyuered vnto Hiempsall.. soo myght they nat be vnmyssed the space of a nyght. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. IV. (1626) 68 Then Thisbe.. slipping forth, vnmissed of her guard. Comes maskt to Ninus tomb. 1757 Gray Let. to Mason 28 Sept., Why should he not steal away, unmarked and unmissea till the hurry of passions in those .. was a little abated? X79X Cowper Iliad xvi. 652 Thy allies.. Perish, unaided and unmiss’d by thee. X819 Scott Ivanhoe vi. Of comfort there was little, and, being unknown, it was unmissed. 1835 Court Mag. VI. 59/1 He’s only fit for the dunghill, where he would rot among other ofifal, unmissed.

1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. 11. 606 A prospect of futurity and unmistrustful hope in the divine goodness.

unmis'trusting, pp/. a. (un-' io.) f 1598 Deloney Thomas of Reading xiv, The vnmistrusting man thinking no euill, went to the doore. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy vi. xxix. An unmistrusting ignorance of the plies .. of the heart of woman. 1787 Burns Highland Tour Aug. (Friday), Kind openheartedness, mixed with unmistrusting simplicity.

tunmithe: see un-' 3. un'mitigable, a. (un-' 7 b.) x6xo Shaks. Temp. i. ii. 276 Her most vnmittigable rage. 1628 Bp. Hall Serm. bef. Chas. /, 100 The desperate man .. pierceth his owne heart with a deepe, irremediable, vnmittigable, killing sorrow. 1646-Devout Soul xii. 42 The un-pitiable, interminable, unmitigable tortures of those ..never-dying souls. 1805 Foster Ess. (1806) I. 174 The great Cause.. assumed in his administrations an unmitigable urgency. 1862 Lytton Str. Story 11. 172 A remembrance of unrelaxed, unmitigable indignation.

un'mitigably, aiff. (un-' ii.) 1868 Browning Ring ^ Bk. iv. 768 Practising,.. Unmitigably from the very first. The finer vengeance.

un'mitigated, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Not softened in respect of severity or intensity. X599 Shaks. Much Ado iv. i. 308 With publike accusation. .. vnmittigated rancour. 18x4 J. Austen Mansfield Park ix. The unmitigated glare of day. 1833 L. Ritchie Wand, by Loire zb [It] is not an unmitigated evil. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxv. 328 [He] fell sick with the unmitigated fatigue. *873 Symonds Gk. Poets v. 129 Supreme art lends solemnity and grandeur to the expression of unmitigated passion.

2. Not modified or toned down; absolute. 1840 Mill Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 428 Still more unmitigated savages, the wild Indians. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley vii, Caroline ‘was glad to see them’ (an unmitigated fib), i860 All Year Round No. 72. 511 In very plain speech, I look on him as an unmitigated humbug. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iv. 311 A slope of hard, blue, unmitigated ice.

Hence un'mitigatedly adv. 1851 in C. Martyn W. Phillips (1890) 242 Of all the institutions of slavery on the face of the earth, there are none so unmitigatedly bad .. as [that].. in the United States. 1865 Ch. Times 11 Mar. 76/3 The unmitigatedlv gloomy manner in which funerals are now conducted. 18^4 Manch. Exam. 27 Dec. 3/5 Nor is it unmitigatedly depressing, though far from cheerful.

un'mitre, v. (un-^ 4.) 1598 Florio, Dimitriare, to vnmitre. 1644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 67 The unmitring of a Bishop. *675 Penn Eng. Pres. Interest 53 [He] hem’t.. to inculcate that Doctrine which should un-Mitre the Pope.

un'mitred,

ppl.

a. (un-' 8.)

i860 Tylor Anahuac xii. 325 Various tribes of Red Men in Hudson’s Bay Territory, as yet unmissionized.

1688 R. Holme Armory iv. xi. (Roxb.) ^^zjz The Metropolitan .. standing vnmittered .. saith (the other Bishops standing vnmittered) this prayer. 1848 Lytton Harold II. ii. Nor misdeem me, that I, humble, unmitred priest, should be thus bold. 1856 Masson Ess. Biog. Sf Crit. 43 Such an archbishop, mitred or unmitred, as England has never seen.

un'mist. v. (un-'' 4.)

un'mittened,

x6ii Florio, Disinebbiare, to vnmist, to vnfog. 1675 G. R. tr. Le Grand's Man without Passion 21 They are not very far distant from the Truth, and by a little light brought in to unmist them, they may easily pass for Articles of our Faith.

1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxvi. (1856) 325 [It] gave, .a warm impression to the un-mittened hand.

un'missionized, ppl. a. (un-' 8.)

unmi'stakable, a. (uN-'7b.) In common use from c 1855.

ppl.

a. (un-* 8.)

un'mix, v. [un-® 3.] a. trans. 1558 Warde tr. Alexis' Seer. 7 After you haue wcl vnmixed, and purged it from the saied Honnie wyth hote water. x66i Cotterell tr. Calprenede's Cassandra ii. l.

UNMIXABLE (1676) 120 The eye of the mind lost itself in the care of unmixinjf them. peril. Ibid. XIII. xxvi, Vnmoderat heete greue)? fysche. 1539 Elyot Cast. Helthe 64 If the fluxe be vnmoderate, it engendreth myscheuous diseases. 1584 Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 59 Vnlesse he thinke the.. persons.. were so vnlearned, vnmoderate, and vngodlie. 1617 Minshed, Un-moderate,.. immoderate.

The unmixableness of

grammar.

tun'moderately,

un'mixed. ppl. a. (un-' 8.)

1528 Paynell Salerne's Regim. Yiv, W'yne vnmoderately taken.. febleth the eies and syght. 1548 Elyot s.v. Cibus, To eate vnmoderately. 1647 Hexha.m i, Vnmoderately,

1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 280b, Myne odour.. is as the pure balme vnmixt. 1573 Tlsser Husb. (1878) iii Yet may a good huswife.. haue mixt and vnmixt at hir pleasure. 1607 TOPSELL Four-f. Beasts 292 The Sarmatican kinde of horsses is.. ver>- fit for running, vnmixt, hauing a wel set body. 1667 .Milton P.L. vi. 742 Thy Saints unmixt, and from th’ impure Farr separate. 1709 Prior Henry Emma 172 Great Heav’n, bestow Our Cup of Love unmix’d. 1753 Hanway Trav. I. iii. li. 234 If mankind cannot think so abstractedly as a pure effort of unmixed reason implies. 1805 R. W. Dickson Praet. Agric. II. 1124 The Lowland or Fifeshire breed of cattle is rarely met with in an unmixed state. 1889 S. Walpole Life Ld. J. Russell II. 26 Lord John could not derive unmixed comfort from [such] a victory,

b. Const, with or \from. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. v. 104 Thy Commandment all alone shall Hue Within the Booke and Volume of my Braine, Vn¬ mixt w ith baser matter. 1660 Sharrock Vegetables 29 There grew .. w ild Oates unmixt from any other weeds. 1725 Pope Odyss. IV. 767 Joys ever-young, unmix’d with pain or fear. 1816 Byron Prisoner Chilian 185 But these were horrors this was woe Unmix’d with such. 1861 P.aley JEschylus (ed. 2) Supplices 1054 note, I’he better part, though not unmixed with e\il.

Hence un’mixedness.

Obs. (un-* ii, 5b.)

onmatelick.

unmoderly, obs. Sc. f. unmotherly adv. un'modern, a. (un-* 7.) 1757 Mbs. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) III. 116 Like an unmodern Critic, let me first commend, before I find Fault. 1876 N. Amer. Rev. CXXIII. 182 His style is unmodern. 1889 Skrine Mem. Thring 69 His language, so unmodern and so expressive.

un'modernize,

(un-=* 6c(^).)

1818 Keats Lett. (1848) I. 133, I shall have it bound in Gothique--a nice sombre binding; it will go a little way to unmodernize. 1834 La.mb in N. & Q. Ser. vi. IV. 223/1 ‘W'een’, and ‘wist’,.. are antiquated frippery, and unmodernize a poem rather than give it an antique air.

un'modernized, ppl. a. (uN-* 8.) c 1815 Jane Austen Persuas. v, The mansion squire,.. substantial and unmodernized. 1883 Mag. Mar. 533/2 That, too, had been left unmodernized.

the

Harper's

t un'modest, a. Obs.

un'mixedly, adv. (un-‘ ii: cf. prec.)

immodeste.

W’. Price Serm. i Our meaning is not that they are unmixtly such, we onely denominate them from their chiefe scope. 1682 Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. (ed. 4) i. ii. 60 Since nothing is unmixedly pure in this world. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (i8ii)\.ii. 12 How pleasing.. to look back upon the happy days I gave her; though mine would doubtless have been more unmixedly so [etc.]. 1833 Q. Rev. XLIX. 375 There is nothing, .so unmixedly pathetic. 1867 M. Arnold Celtic Lit. 89 The genius and the literature were purely and unmixedly German.

un'mixing, vbl. sb. [un-^ 8.] The process by which the components of a mixture separate. XIV, 235 Pentlandite is supposed to be one of the components of the 'unmixing’ of a solid solution of (Fe, Ni)S. 1934 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. XX. 452 This is evidently the reason for unmixing of a solid solution (in mineralogical parlance) or the formation of a segregate phase (in metallographic parlance). 1950 [see soLVt’s]. 1974 Mature 9 Aug. 480/1 To avoid any appreciable unmixing occurring on cooling, the sample was rapidly removed from the hot furnace into a water-cooled brass jacket. 1929

Amer.

Mineralogist

un'moan, r. (ln-‘ 14.) J. WiLLiA.MS Shrtrve Tuesday, etc. 32 They.. pierc’d him as he flew; The Gods unmoan’d him as he bled—Hell yawning gulp’d its due. 1790

un'moaned. ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1562 [see CNMINDED 2]. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, 11. ii. 64 Our fatherlesse distresse was left vnmoan’d. 1622 Wither Philarete M 4 \ et I.. must perish nay-theless,.. Vnmoaned I must dye.

tunmoar, obs. var. unmoor

v.

s.v., When a Ship or \ essel that Rides at two .Anchors begins to get them up in order to Sail, she is Unmoaring. 1750 Bl.anckley Nav. Expositor

tun'moble, a. and sb.

[uN-' 7 (5 b), 12. Cf. = unmovable. '377 I-ANGL. P. PI. B. III. 267 Moebles and vnmoebles iV'!' fat pow my3te fvnde. c 1380 Wyclif B ks. (1880) 12 3if pei coueiten .. pe housis, pat ben goodis vnmebleof here nehebons, as londis or rentis. 1429 Wills & /nf. iV.C. (Surtees) 80 All remenant and residewe of my '■'""Oblez. 1456 Sir G. Haye Law Arms (n. I.S.) 201 Gif a man had tane possession of ony gude moble or unmoble. 1594 Carew Tasso (1881) 11 o If you also prisonment refuse, .And fetters fly, as waight vnmoble fro.

MDu. onmeubel, -moebel, etc.]

tun'moblety. Obs.-'

[un-' 12.]

= UNMOVABLETY. a I4e 80ume..to be Raisit of all lordis,.. and vperis quhatsumeuer hafand land vtouth burgh vnmortifijt.

3. Not affected by gangrene. 1732 Monro Anat. (ed. 2) 18 An unmortified Part., can have Nerves.., and yet enjoy no Sensation.

Hence un'mortifiedness. 1643 T. Goodwin Trial Christian's Growth ii. iii. (1651) 73 This argues much unmortifyednesse, though it run not out into acts. />/. a. [un-^ 8.] Not moulded or shaped. 1620 Shelton Quix. ii. xlv. 294 Without thee I am dull, vnmolded, and confused. 1636 Pagitt Christianogr. (ed. 2) 11. 40 Their Masse was then unmoulded: Transubstantiation unbaked. 1852 Tennyson Ode Death Wellington 233 Peace, his triumph will be sung By some yet unmoulded tongue. 1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. II. vi. 229 Plain openings in the walls studiously simple, and unmoulded at the sides. 1875 Carpentry ^ Join. 41 A plain unmoulded strip.

un'mouldered,/)/)/. a. (un-* 8.) [*775 Ash.] 1843 Poe Premature Burial Wks. 1864 I. 327 It was the skeleton of his wife in her yet unmouldered shroud.

un'mouldering,/)/)/. a. (un-* io.) 1821 Bryant Ages xvii, Deeds, engraved On fame’s unmouldering pillar.

un'mouldy, a. (un-^ 7.) 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. v. 17 A piece of the Groaning Cake,.. which she kept religiously.. full forty good yeares unmouldy, and unmouse-eaten.

fun'mouled, ppl. a. grown mouldy.

Obs.~^

[un-‘ 8.]

Not

c 1450 Capgrave Life St. Gilbert 75 Ther was bred kept sextene jere aftir his deth, on-corupte, onmouled, whech he blessed.

un'mortised, ppl. a.^ (un-* 8 + mortise r.*)

un'mounded, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

*748 Richardson C/oriwc (1811) VI. 304 An old brokenbottomed cane couch,.. unmortised by the failing of one of its worm-eaten legs. 1859 Tennyson Merlin & V. 402 The wrist is parted from the hand that waved. The feet unmortised from their ankle-bones Who paced it, ages back.

^/. a. (un-* 8d.) 1654 [see unmouldy].

un'mouthable, a. (un-^ 7 b.) 1842 Miall in Nonconf. unmouthable jargon.

II.

809 A barbarous and

un’mouthpieced, a. (un-^ 9.) 1836-48 B. D. Walsh Aristoph., Acharnians ii. vi, Though we’ve lost all conception Of such matters, and are deaf And un-mouthpieced.

un'movable, a. and sb. [un-* 7t)» 5 b.] 1. = IMMOVABLES. I, Now rsre. 1382 Wyclif Exod. XV. 16 Be thei maad vnmouable as a stoon. C1400 Maundev. (1919) xiii. 67 It is dept the dede see for it. . is euere vnmeuable. c 1440 Alphabet of Tales 447 Hur handis hang vp in ^e ayre vnmouable. ohtis do oway ..; and gete yure mul>es fra unait wordis.

b. As adv. Unprofitably, vainly. en. eiooo Ags. Psalter (Thorpe) xxxix. 17 Ondraedon him p& pe me yfeles unnon. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 79 Ne wile [he].. na6emore haten him pe .. him iuel unnen. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2344 Beo6 bliOe, ich biseche ow, 3ef 3e me blisse unnen. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P. xi. 40 Ich unne hire wel ant heo me wo; Ycham hire frend ant heo my fo. C1320 Sir Tristrem 1928 Meriadok was a man bat tristrem trowed ay; Miche gode he him an.

3. To grant, permit, or allow that. Also const, with inf. Beowulf 2874 Hw'geSre him God uSe,.. pset he hyne sylfne jewraec. C897 K. 4^)lfred Gregory's Past. C. 349 Daet is 6®t hwa.. him unne Saet he to ryhte gecierre. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt., Int. 4 Ic onn [L. opto] ftaet in crist 5u jetreowfaestnij. - eye. C1620 Fletcher False One 1. i, I’lc be admitted for a wanton tale To some most private Cabinets, when your Priest-hood.. Shall wait without unnoted. 1725 Pope Odyss. 1. 177 Where the free guest, unnoted, might relate. If h^ly conscious, of his Father's fate. 1742 Young ,V/. ih. 11. 274 Unnoted, [conscience] notes each moment misapply’d. 1813 Byron Oorsatr 1. xvii, Secure, unnoted, Conrad’s prow pass'd by. 1894 Mrs. Dvan Man's Keeping (1899) 135 Unnoted by him, that vision had faded much of late.

2. Not specially noted undistinguished, obscure.

or

observed;

1592 Soliman ^ Pers. i. ii. 73 Sweet Perseda, v'nnoted though I be. Thy beauty yet shall make me knowne ere night. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. ix. (1626) 191 Phjestus -.fostered One, Lydgus. of vn-noted parents bred. 1725 Pope Odyss. v. 402 Un-wept, un-noted, and for ever dead! 1789 Burns Let. to Lady Constable 16 Dec., Only to add so many units more to the unnoted crowd that followed their leaders, i860 Ellicott Life Our Lord ii. 67 The devout.. Simeon.. saw perchance before him no more than two unnoted worshippers. 1883 Myers Ess., Mod., Mazzini (1885) 69 It has run its fair course unnoted, and in silence passed away.

tun'noteful, a. useless.

Obs.

UNOBJECTED

127

[un-' 7.]

Unprofitable;

01300 E.E. Psalter Iii. 4 Alle helded pai, sammen ai Vnnoteful maked ere l>ai. a 1395 Hylton Scala Per/. 11. xxxvii. (W. de W. 1494), All men are before oure lorde as noughte, & as vnnotefull and nought they are acounted to hym.

un'noteworthy, a. (un-^ 7.) 1881 Saintsbury Dryden ii. 24 It is not unnoteworthy that Lady Elizabeth was five and twenty.

un'noticeable, a. (uN-^7b.) *775 Adair Amer. Jnd. 287 They were afraid of being imprisoned,.. even for things unnoticeable in the eye of the law. 1810 WoRDSw. Prose Wks. (1876) II. 304 A light vapour unnoticeable but by a shepherd. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede x, A long-neglected and unnoticeable rent in the., bed-curtain.

Hence un'noticeableness; un'noticeably adv. 1872 Geo. Eliot Middlem. IV. viii. Ixxx. 285 She would make as quietly and unnoticeably as possible her second attempt to see and save Rosamond. 1883 Harper's Mag. Sept. 566/1 Unnoticeableness.. is.. the character.. of the dwellings. 1885 ‘E. Garrett’ At Any Cost xv, One seal was broken! So cleanly, too, that she almost thought it might be mended unnoticeably.

un'noticed* ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) In common use from c 1750. 1720 Pr. James in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 91 To repose yourselves for some time somwhere in France where your usuall prudence will make you unnoticed. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shanay vi. v, There are a thousand unnoticed ^enings,.. which [etc.]. 1819 Scott Leg. Montrose xix. The strife., had been unnoticed by the stragglers around. 1891 Farrar Darkn. ^ Dawn xxx. It was that little unnoticed impulse of natural kindness.. which saved her fortunes. ahsol. 1841 Carlyle Heroes ii. (1904) 77 See, the unnoticed becomes world-notable, the small has grown world-great.

un'noticing, pp/. a. (un-' 5 d, 10.)

un'nourishment. (UN-^ 12.) 1662 J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 24 A sickness, which the Rabbins call Binsica: which properly, is an unnourishment, or pining away of the Organ of the phantasie.

tun’noyand, -ing, ppl. a. Obs.~' [un-' io.] Not causing offence or annoyance; harmless. .'\lso fun'noyandness. Obs. a 1340 Ha.mpole Psalter vii. 5 Deme me lord .. eftere myn vnnoyandnes abouen me. Ibid. xl. 13 Me sothly for vnnoyandnes thou vptoke. '. The vnnoyeand to sustayne vs and fede. c 1475 Cath. Angl. (MS. A) 256/1 Vn Noying,ynnorenr [etc.].

fun’noyed, ppl. disturbed.

a.

Ob$.~^

[uN-‘ 8.]

Not

a 1470 Harding Chem. lxxxvii. xii, The Christen faith in thy lande [is] distroyed. That with the peace shuld haue be kept vnnoyed. t un’noyous, i*. Obs.-^ [un-* 7.] = unnoyand ppl. a.

1483 Cath. Angl. 256/1 V’^n T^oyovs, jnnocens... innocuns.

un'numberable. a. [un-* 7 b, 5 b.] Incapable of being numbered; innumerable. ‘de bethe vnnumberable peple infecte and dede. 1513 Douglas jEneid vi. xi. 53 The flude Lethe .. About the quhilk peple vn-nomerable.. fleis fast. *756 Mrs. Calderwood in Coltness Collect. (Maitl. Cl.) 144 The unnumberable windmilns through Holland. 1774 tr. Helvetius' Child of Nature I. 53 Unnumberable are the unfortunate he has relieved. 1852 Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 173 With starry globes unnumberable, suns. Planets and moons. X.

un'numbered,/)/>/. a. [un-* 8, 5 b.] 1. Not numbered or reckoned up; uncounted. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Agnes) 224 pe gret loy in hewine pat he saw, pat vnnovmerit mycht be. 1434 Misyn Mending of Life 126 God truly is infinit of gretnes,.. of swetnes vn-nowmbyrde. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxii. 249 Ther were take many kny3tes and squyers and other men that were vnnombred. 1601 Shaks.Ju/. C. iii. i. 63 The Skies are painted with vnnumbred sparkes. 1656 Cowley Davideis 1. 749 Of Numbers too th’ unnumbred wealth he showes. 1725 Pope Odyss. ii. 212 Unnumber’d Birds glide thro’ the aerial way. 1746 Hervey Medit., Reft, on FlowerGarden 4 Prodigious Theatre!.. Where.. Worlds un¬ numbered roll at large! 1844 Kinglake Eothen xi, The fleas of all nations were there: —Asiatic hordes unnumbered. 1891 Farrar Darkn. Dawn Ivi, To represent these un¬ numbered agonies as a festival of expiation.

2. Not included in an enumeration; marked or provided with a number.

not

/. a. (un-' io, sb.) 1569 Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 668, I.. sail keip gude rewle and quietnes unoffending aganis the lawis or makand troubill. a 1600 Grim the Collier of Croydon (1662) 9 Some will count it Vertue in a woman Still to be bound to un¬ offending Silence, a 1625 Beaum. & Fl. Laws of Candy ii. i. My prayers pull daily blessings on thy head, My un¬ offending child. 1703 Pope Statius' Thebais i. 771 Yet why must unoffending Argos feel The vengeance due to this unlucky steel? 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla III. 403 How should I rejoice., to rescue this one poor unoffending., animal from such tyranny! 1828 Scott F.M. Perth xix. Who .. could have thought 01 harming a creature so simple, and so unoffending? 1876 Bancroft f/irU U.S. II. xxx. 253 The councillors were famed for their unoffending respectability.

t uno'ffensed, Unoffended.

ppl.

a.

Obs.-'

[un-'

8.]

c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 32 The contrey men colourid wel vchoone, Their wittis deer and vnoffensid sight.

use only of time.) 1448-9 Metham Amoryus 6? Cl. 2210 Tyme on-ocupvid, qwan folk haue lytyl to do. i486 Bk. St. Albans Bvj, 't'ho saame lewnes l>ou shalt fastyn slackely as a bowstryng vnocupyede. 1523 [Coverdale] Old God (1534) Bj, The sword.. beynge through dust & longe beynge unoccupied, .. defiled with ruste. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer iv. (1577) Tv, They..fell into decay and loste theyr puissaunce and brightnesse, lyke yron vnoccupied. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla V. 354 Her time.. hung not upon her unoccupied. 1829 Scott Anne of G. xxv, As if desirous that the hour should arrive which would put an end to a day unoccupied.

3. Of ground, etc.: Not occupied by inhabitants or indwellers; not put to use in this way; not frequented or filled up; empty. 1425 Wyntoun Cron. iv. xix. 1780 Thare wes vnoccupiit .. A land be3ond ane arme of the se. 1560 Bible Judges v. 6 The hye wayes were vnoccupied, and the trauelers walked through bywayes. 1573 Tusser Husb. (1878) 15 No dwellers, what profiteth house for to stand? What goodnes, vnoccupied, bringeth the land? 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1692) 189 Doubtless, if we shall discover further to the very North-pole, we shall find all that Tract not to be vain, useless, or unoccupied. 1784 Cowper Task v. 557 The word That, finding an interminable space Unoccupied, has fill’d the void so well. 1807 Europ. Mag. LII. r 1 i/i This part of Lancashire is .. highly cultivated, not an inch of ground lies waste and unoccupied. 1884 in A. Cawston Street Improv. London (1893) 115 There are always a very large number of unoccupied houses even in towns where the building trade is very active. c

b. Not taken up or appropriated. 1701 Grew Cosmol. ll. iii. 43 The Phancy hath full Power to create them in the Sensories themselves, then unoccupy’d by External Impressions. 1830 Miss Mitford Village Ser. IV. 107 She could not have chosen an occupation more completely unoccupied, or more loudly called for. 1832 Westm. Rev. Oct. 353 Cadences.. highly favourable for leaving the ear unoccupied for any measure which may follow.

c. Spec. Designating that part of France not held under German military occupation during the war of 1939-45. Cf. occupied ppl. a. 1940 Netv Statesman 19 Oct. 380 A Jewish friend (who recently returned from unoccupied France to his home in Paris) told me that he liked the English immensely. 1942 Mrs. Belloc Lowndes Let. 3 July (1971) 230, I hear dreadful accounts of P'rance—all old people and delicate people, are dying—especially.. in the unoccupied districts. 1970 A. Price ’^4 Vintage xviii. 210 .A chateau south of the Loire.. in the V ichy zone of unoccupied France.

u'nocular (ju:n-), a. [f. L. unocul-us one-eyed + -AR. Cf. u'NiocuLAR fl.] One-eyed. 1864 De Morgan in Graves Life Sir W. Hamilton (1889) III. 613 Accordingly I have always been strictly unocular.

unode ('ju:n-). Geom. A uniplanar node. 1869 Cayley Math. Papers (1893) VI. 162 If there is a unode, then this may be and is taken to be at D, and its uniplane may be taken to be A = o. Ibid., There is never, besides the unode, any other node.

t un'odorable, a. being smelled.

[un-' 7 b.]

Incapable of

1674 Ghew Disc. Mixture iii. §17 As in any unodorable or untastable Body.

fixed

t uno'ffensive, a. Obs. (un-' 7, 5 b.) 1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke 214 [Nature] sent him to the world. All vnoffensiue, vnarm’d. 1642 Vicars God in Mount 66 Coming onely in a fair and un¬ offensive manner. 1674 J. Fell Hammond Wks. I. 14 Notwithstanding his unoffensive and cautious return to those ill laid demands. 1768 Woman of Honor II. 158 That modest unoffensive turn you gave to your non-acceptance.

So uno'ffensively adv.

=

private

member

s.v.

b. sb. One who is not an official. 1887 Pall Mall G. 29 July 4/1 We have a letter this morning from St. Petersburg, the writer of which is a leader among the ‘unofficials’.

uno'fficially, adv. (un-* ii; cf. prec.) 1830 Cobbett Hist. Geo. IV, iii. §139 He did it unofficially, in letters to Lord Grey, i860 Froude Hist. Eng. VI. 275 T^he two Houses of Parliament were invited to be present unofficially at Whitehall.

uno'fficious, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) 1611 Florio, Inficioso, vnofficious, negligent. 1645 Milton Tetrach. 81 Thus all occasions.. are not unofficious to administer somthing which may conduce to explain .. the assertion of this book. 1S07 Ann. Ret'. V. 171 The editor., deserves public thanks for the unostentatious, unofficious propriety, with which his laudable task is performed.

Hence uno’fficiousness. 1611 Cotgr., Inofficiosite, vnofficiousnesse, vnrespectiuenesse, or want of due respect.

t unorserved, ppl. a. undeserved ppl. a. i.

Obs.

[un-*

8.]

=

a 1200 St. Marker. r6 Hwet so ich am, l»urh godes grace ich hit do ant am wiljeoue unofservet. a 1240 Lofsong in O.E. Horn. I. 215 Deorwur6e drithen, Jju .. dest us al i>et pu dest purh l?ine swete grace al unofserued. 1297 Glouc. (Rolls) 1256 Mi mede per of is pstt he me woIe driue of is lond vnofserued iwis.

un'oft, adv. (un-* ii b; cf. next.) 1864 Sir j. K. James Tasso x. xx. Since not Unoft it happens that the wise and strong Carve for themselves the best and happiest lot. un'often, adv. [un-* iib.] seldom. (Only with negatives.)

Infrequently;

1741 Harris Three Treat, ii. (1765) 194 The Man of Gallantry not unoften has been found to think after the same manner. 1835 Lytton Rienzi i. iii, Nor was it unoften that the mere presence of a noble sufficed to scatter whole crowds. 1864 J. Brown Jeems 15 You get more patient,.. and not unoften you come to a stand-still.

un'oil,

. (un-* 3.)

V

1606 Bp. W. Barlow Serm. 21 Sept., Ep. Ded. Ajb, Discussing the point sincerely and, I trust, vnoffensiuely.

1693 Dryden's Juvenal viii. (1697) 205 A tight Maid, e’re he for Wine can ask. Guesses his Meaning, and unoils the Flask.

un'offered,/)^)/. a. (un-* 8, 8 c.)

un'oiled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 103 Leuynge in hym nothynge vnoffred for vs, but in all partes he suffered payne for our synne. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia iii. xxiii, I know too well their cunning (who leave no mony unoffered that may buy mine honour). 1642 Chas. I Declar. Intentions Brainford 7 Unfought with, and unoffered at, ..to march away. 1658 Whole Duty of Man iii. §18 Though the dft be already at the Altar, it must rather be left there unoffered, than [etc.]. 1736 Websted Wks. (1787) 477 To the end they might do so, no methods were left untried, no motives unoffered. 1747 P. Francis tr. Horace, Ep. i. xiii. 4 If he ask’d to read th’ unoffer’d Lay. 1848 Buckley Iliad 5 Neither on account of a vow unperformed, nor of a hecatomb unoffered.

1728 Young Love Fame vi. 138 His wounded ears complaints eternal fill, As unoil’d hinges, querelously shrill. ^*799 J- Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) I. 97 The creak of unoiled wheels. 1851 H. D. W’^olff Piet. Span. Life 134 The chain again clanks, unoiled hinges creak. 1884 McLaren Spinning (ed. 2) 70 Much dust can be shaken out of the wool when it is unoiled.

un'officed, ppl. a. (un-' 8 or un-* 8.) 1657 Bp. H. King Elegy Poems unoffic’d Servants crack their Staves.

(1664)

3

The

now

un'officered, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. i. viii. 450 This treachery.. brought a world of confusion in those vn-officer’d Troopes. 1754 P. H. Hiberniad iii. 25 Raw, unofficer’d.. Militias. 1782 Pennant Journ. Chest, to London 50 A..band of mountaineers, undisciplined, unofficered, and half-armed. 1852 Grote Greece ii. Ixx. IX. 115 The unofficered Grecian army.

un'officerlike, a. (un-' 7 c.) 1803 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 206 Such conduct is highly reprehensible and unofficerlike. 1831 Trelawny Adv. Younger Son vii. It’s unofficer-like to get drunk before sunset. 1871 Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. Nov. 695 The unofficer-like want of method in these signals.

uno'ificial, a. and sb. [un-' 7, 5 b, 12.] 1. Of things: Not having an official character or stamp. unofficial strike: one not endorsed by the relevant union. 1798 Monthly Rev. XXVI. 511 Impertinent and unofficial as it seems, it may have been intended to intimate [etc.]. 1866 Geo. Eliot F. Holt Introd. 3 His sheep-dog following with a heedless unofficial air as of a beadle in undress. i8^ Huxley in Li/e (1900) II. 80, I wrote to Evans an unofficial letter. 1946 *G. Orwell’ in Partisan Rev. Summer 321 There is resentment against long hours and bad working conditions, which has shown itself in a series of ‘unofficial’ strikes. 1955 Times 24 June 4/3 The Minister of Labour could not deal with unofficial strikes in the normal way. That was a matter for the union concerned to re-establish its authority over its own members. 1972 Guardian 24 Nov. lo/i Lower-paid hospital workers are resorting to a series of unofficial strikes.

2. a. Of persons: Not holding an official position; not acting in an official capacity; spec.

un'oily, a. (un-' 7.) 1674 Grew’ Anat. Trunks ii. iv. § 17 A third sort of Gum, is that which is Unoylie. 1682-Disc. Mixture App. §i Oyls .. easily mingleable with any unoyly Liquor.

un'old, a. (un-' 7.) c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 9 The trunkes sadde, in humor that abounde, Vnolde, vnrende.

un'old,

. (un-* 6 a.)

V

1608 Svlvester Du Bartas ii. iv. Schisme 697 There ripes the rare cheer-cheek Myrobalan, Minde-gladding Fruit, that can un-old a Man.

un'ominously,

(un-' ii.)

1849 Brand's Pop. Antiq. I. 38 The sun would not shine unominously on the day on which the saint was burnt.

i un'otiing, vbl. sb. Obs. [un-* 3, 8.] Disunion, discord. 1340 Ayenb. 65 pe uerste is strif, pe oper chidinge,.. pe zixte preapinge, pe zeuende vnonynge.

un'oped, ppl. a. poet, ppl. a.

[un-' 8.]

= unopened

1815 Scott Guy M. xx, The close-press’d leaves unoped for many an age. [Cf. Crabbe Library 147.)

un'openable, a. (un-' 7 b.) 1832 Miss Mitford Village Ser. v. 36 Trying to lift the lid of the unopenable chest.

un'opened. ppl. a. [un-' 8. Cf. Du. ongeopened.'\ 1. Not opened; left, or remaining, closed or shut; a. Of letters, books, etc. 1600 E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 74 This Letter., remained still with them vnopened. 1700 Farquhar Constant Couple 1. i, Angelica, send it [5c. a letter] back unopened! sav you? 17x1 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to W. Montagu 26 f’eb.. If you write, be not displeased if I send it back unopened. 1766 Parlt. Deb. (1813) XVI. 303 [They] went to statute books before unopened,.. and there made the amazing, astonishing discovery. 1836 H. Coleridge Northern Worthies (1852) I. 43 A sealed and unopened epistle. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. i. iii, A book.. unopened on

UNOPENING a shelf. 18S8 Jacobi Printer's Vocab., Unopened edges, applied to books the edges of which have not been opened,

b. In other applications. 1627 May Lucan ni. Dy, Before the yet vnopen’d doore he stay’d. 1742 Young Nt. Th. ii. 468 Like bales unopen’d to the sun. 1796 Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 689 Unopened flowers nodding. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. IX. 102, I have frequently directed the blister to be left unopened. 1884 in A. Cawston Street Improv. London (1893) 117 The consequences of leaving cuts de sac even of a respectable kind unopened.

2. Not opened up for use. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 13 Every settler inclined to reserve some unopened land. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards liandy-bk. Prop. Law xxiii. 179 If you were to sell part of your estate, reserving the unopened mines with a right of entry’. 1890 Hallett 7000 Miles on Elephant 434 [To] throw open for British commerce the most magnificent, unopened, and available market in the world.

un'opening,/)/)/. a. (un-‘ io.) 1732 Pope Ep. Bathurst 194 Benighted wanderers .. Curse the sav’d candle, and unop’ning door. 1852 M. Arnold Empedocles ii. 359 Still Thought and Mind Will hurry us .. Over the unallied unopening Earth.

un'operable, a. (un-' yb, 5 b.) 1652 Ashmole Theat. unoperable Workes.

unordinately

130

Chem.

Prol.

9

They

1802 Noble Wanderers I. 37 Native energy.. which, unoperated upon by adversity,.. remains an inactive principle in the mind. 1932 J. S. Huxley Probl. Relative Growth IV. iv. 126 The effect of regeneration on the normal growth of neighbouring unoperated structures. 1975 Year Bk. Ear, Nose & Throat 119 Increased uptake in the unoperated ear.

un'operating, ppl. a. (un-^ io.) 1719 Waterland Vind. Christ's Div. 158 The perfect Nativity.. of the Word: who had been, as it were, quiescent or un-operating from all Eternity, till [etc.]. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 507 Neither is it practicable.. for us to frame an idea of such unoperating nature.

t un'operative, a. Obs. (un-^ 7, 5 b.) 1641 Milton Reform, ii. 48 For if the life of Christ be hid to this world, much more is his Scepter unoperative, but in spiritual! things. 1685 South Serm. (1727) I, 389 It., imports no more than an idle unoperative.. desire of the end, without any consideration of.. the means. 1756 Burke Subl. fef B. IV. xxiv, There lie the qualities of beauty either dead or unoperative. 1783-Rep. Ind. Com. Wks. II. 22 By which measure this provision of the Act has proved as unoperative as all the rest. 1818 Bentham Ch. Eng., Catech. Exam. 248 Mere unoperative existence.

uno'perculate, a., -ated,pp/. a. (un-^ 7, 8, 5 b.) 1847 Webster, Unoperculated, having no cover operculum. 1884 Imp. Diet. IV. 510/2 Unoperculate.

1656 Earl Orrery Parthen. iii. m. 152 obedience is the farthest it [sc. paternal unoppressively extend it self.

[1775 Ash.] 1824 Medwin Conversat. Ld. Byron II. 140 No man was more unopinionated.

t un'opportune, a. Obs. (uN-'y, 5 b.) 1787 Bentham Def. Usury x. 99 The anti-jewish side of it found no unopportune support in a passage of Aristotle. 1802 Mrs. j. West Infidel Father III. 235 Your excusing yourself from that unopportune engagement.

t un'opportunely, orfz;. Obs. (un-' ii,sb.) 1657 Earl Monm. tr. Paruta's Pol. Disc. 37 They sent their Fleet to regain Sicily; but the counsel was too late and unopportunely taken. 1766 Colman & Garrick Clandestine Marriage ii. 37, I have broke in upon you a little unopportunely, I believe.

uno'pposable, a. (uN-'yb.) 1667 Waterhouse Fire Lond. 60 Illiterate men Apostoliz’d and made by him unopposable. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) IV. 151 The application is either opposable or unopposable.

uno'pposed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1659 \\. Chamberlayne Pharon. v. ii. 345 Impetuous rage, like whirlwinds unopposed. 1672 Dryden Conq. Granada iv. i. The people, like a headlong torrent goe; But, unoppos’d, they either loose their force. Or [etc.]. 1780 Burke Sp. at Bristol Wks. III. 415 For what end was that bill to linger beyond the usual period of an unoppos’d measure? 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxviii. His talents for play.. were generally successful when unopposed by the tricks of villany. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. India I. 507 The Mahometans pursued their success unopposed. 1859 G. Wilson Mem. E. Forbes ii. 45 Thus, unopposed but unencouraged, he laboured at Natural History. 1899 Mackail W. Morris I. 336 An unopposed candidate. ellipt. 1893 Daily News 3 May 5/7 The Unopposed Committee of the House of Commons.

un'opposite, a. (un-* y.) 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) I. 499 In point of affections, let the witness be, with reference to each party, altogether unopposite;.. equally a friend to both.

uno'ppressed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) a 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 357 As alsua the said town mycht.. brooke thair ancient lawis and liberteis unoppressed by men of wear. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharon. iv. li. 445 Harmless nature, living unopprest With surfeits. Ibid. 453 Fair virgins.. unopprest By dark suspicion. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. No. 10. 3/2 Your.. Spirits Unopprest, Glide freely on. 1781 Cowper Table~T. 272 The soul emancipated, unoppressed,.. Learns much.

a.^

Obs.-'

[un-*

6b.]

Disordered. 1621 in Foster Eng. Factories Ind. I. (1906) 242 Their shipping rent, battered, and much unordered.

un'orderly, a. Now rare,

[un-* 7, 5 b.] 1. Not in conformity with good order; irregular in respect of action or conduct.

A negative right] can

un'opulence. (un-* 12.) 1796 Monthly Mag. II. 467 The unopulence of the pastor. 1830 Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Further Extr. Const. Code 11 But the proposed system—does it not hold up to view unopulence as an efficient cause of aptitude?

un'opulent, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) a 1816 Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Introd. View (1830) II Unopulent classes excluded, and thus injured. 1829 Westm. Rev. Oct. 472 The poor (i.e. the unopulent, not the absolutely poor).

1483 Acta Dom. Audit. 142^/2 The wrangwis and vnordourly leding of a processe apoune pe said land. 1561 T. Norton C^alvin's Inst. i. xi. 26 b, The fountaine of al this whole mischiefe is an vnorderly counterfaiting. 1587 Holinshed Chron. (ed. 2) HI. 1254/1 Although it be somewhat.. vnorderlie to treat of vnorderlie officers vnder such an vnorderlie king as Richard the third was. 1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Comm. 107 The vnorderlie settinge foorth and publishing of the Emperors Mandate. 1642 Coll. Rights & Priv. Pari. 7 How unorderly were it for the satisfying of men, to runne into his displeasure. 1800 Coleridge Piccolom. IV. vii. 214 The Emperor perpetrated.. deeds most unorderly.

b. In stronger sense: Disorderly.

unora'torialf a. (un-* 7.) 1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat Pref., However un-oratorial my Expression.

tunor'dain, a. Obs.-^ [f. un-* 7 + ordeyne ORDENE a.] Not observing order or rule. So funor'dainly Obs.-^ a 1400 Pauline Ep. (Powell) Rom. i. 31 )>ei [being]., vnwise, unordeyne [L. incompositos'\, withoute affeccioun. ? a 1400 Spec. Vitae (MS. Bodl. 446) fol. 126 b, A man pzt wedded es Shuld.. no dede vnordeynly wirke Agayne pt. sacrament of holy kirke.

unor'dain, v. (un-^ 3.) C1440 Wycliffite Bible (1850) IV. 438 Ne he vnordeynede vs of sum veyn speche feynynge, that vs ouerturne fro the sothfastnesse of the gospel. 1709 J. Johnson Clergym. Vade M. ii. p. Ixxi, Tho’ Bishops ordain, they cannot unordain.

unor'dained, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 11. Not regulated or controlled. Obs.-^ c 1340 Hampole Prose Tr. 13 )?e delyte pat has noghte of vnordaynde styrrynge, and mekely has styrrynge in Criste.

2. Not ecclesiastically ordained. 1653 Baxter Chr. Concord 84 They are bound to choose a man unordained to this work, a 1691-in Calamy Life vii. (1702) 131 There is a Duty in such a Case of Necessity, even on Persons unordain’d. 1804 Ann. Rev. II. 208 The distinction between ordained and unordained preachers. 1865 S. Wilberforce in R. G. Wilberforce Life (1882) HI. 166 Brotherhoods of unordained men not in Holy Orders.

3. Not appointed or decreed. 1815 WoRDSW. Ode 63 Be it not unordained that solemn rites .. Shall be performed at pregnant intervals.

or

(uN-* 8.)

un'ordered, ppl.

t

uno'ppressively, Gift), (un-* 11.)

wrought

un'operated, pp/. a. (un-^ 8.) Not having been operated (on: spec, in Med.).

uno'pinionated, ppl. a.

unoppressive. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 53 You would have had an unoppressive but a productive revenue. 1874 Ruskin Fors Clav. xl. IV. 78 What was an act of distressing servitude has become an unoppressive act of love.

unor'daining, vbl. sb. (un-* 13.) In quot. rendering L. inordinatio disorder. 1382 Wyclif Wisd. xiv. 26 The defouling of soules,.. the vnordeynyng of leccherie and of vnclennesse.

un'order, t). [un-=* 3.] trans. To recall an order for (something); to countermand. C1440 Alph. Tales 402 He garte take Formosius oute off his grafe & vnordurd all pat he had giffen ordurs to. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia viii. iii, I think I must unorder the tea .. if I am to be responsible for any mischief from your drinking it. 1803 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 65 If Lord Keith or any other man is to have her, I must un-order all these things. 1843 F. E, Paget Pageant 94 Mrs. Sawderley was not permitted to unorder her dress.

un'ordered, ppl. a.* [un-* 8.] fl. Not belonging to a religious order; not properly ordained. Obs. c 1386 Chaucer Parson's T. [fSs Thow shalt considere.. wheither thou be .. wedded or sengle, ordered or unordred, ..clerk or seculeer. 1588 Allen Admon. 32 Creatinge.. new, hungrie, base, and vnordered Preistes. 1607 T. Rogers J9 Art. (1625) 200 They be vnordered Apostates, pretended, and sacrilegious ministers.

2. a. Not put in order; unarranged. 1477 Norton Ord. Alch. (MS. Ashm. 1464) Proem, Of all the books vnordered of Alchimy The effectes be heere sett owt orderlie. 1504 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione iii. xliii. 231 God .. that lefte nothynge vnordred in all the worlde. 1549 Cheke Hurt. Sedit. (1569) Gib, What is vnordred plentie, but a wastfull spoyle? 1826 Mrs. Shelley Last Man HI. 200 The consequence of their journey in their present unordered and chiefless array. 1877 Morley Crit. Misc. Ser. II. 183 This was not a mere casual reflection .. taking a solitary.. position among those various and unordered ideas.

u. ^inguisiics. yi rules: not requiring to b applied in a particular order. 1968 Language XLIV. 696 Unordered disjunctive sets [( rules] are abbreviated by variables. 1970 Canadian Jrn Lingutstics XV. 97 These rules are considered unorderet the initial numbers are inserted merely for reference. 197 *°^ .type of phonological theor which allows the maximum simultaneity of application c rules IS the so-called unordered rule hypothesis’

13. Not observing due order; disorderly. Ob^

uno'ppressive, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.)

1572 Abp Parker Corr. (Parker Soc.) 403 [To] inquire c such unordered persons papistically set, not coming t prayers acrording to the laws. 1582 Stanyhuhst ^neis (Arb.) 22 Dare ye,. Too raise such raks iaks on seas, an danger vnorderd? 1611 A, Stafford Niobe 191 To satisfi the vnordred appetites of the body, and vnlawfull desires c the soule.

1648 W . Ashhurst Reasons agst. Agreement 13 They are to have nothing but in an unoppressive way. 1782-3 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 355 [The Gentoo laws] are

1891 Cent. Diet. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 23 May 4/1 The ea tweeds .. remain unordered. y 4/ ■ 1 ne ga

4. Not ordered or commanded.

1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. clxxxv. 1147 Wee see why God hath pronounced that., they be.. destitute of vnderstanding when their lyfe is loose and vnorderly. 1626 L. Owen Running Register 16 The Englishmens dissolute liuing, and vnorderly behaviour in the said Seminarie. 1761 Ann. Reg-, Chron. 235/2 Small parties of the unorderly, undisciplined mob.

2. Not observing due order or arrangement; disordered, confused. 1578 Thynne in Animadv. (1865) p. lix, To desplay my Inwarde mynde, whiche..thus entreth into his vnorderly discourse. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. ii. 7 b, Thereby to giue sentence of methodicall proceeding or vnorderly confusion. 1609 R. Barnerd Faithf. Sheph. 83 An vnorderly heaping vp of things together confounds memory. 1656 Hobbes Liberty, Necess., & Chance 143 After much unorderly discourse he comes in with This is the doctrine [etc.].

un'orderly, [un-* ii.] 1. Not in good order; not according to a fixed order or arrangement; irregularly. c 1470 Henry Wallace x. 685 Wallace has seyn the Scottis wnordourly Folow the chas. 1547 Recorde Judic. Ur. 9 Nothynge done unorderly cann be well understanded of the reders. 1578 Banister Hist. Man i. 7 These bones are perforated, here, and there, vnorderly, with a sort of smal holes. 1603 Florio Montaigne iii. viii. 558 Shee seemeth faultie and vnprofitable, being ill placed and vnorderly disposed. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 46 Whatever member of the Assemblie does speak vnorderlie, and without leave asked.. of the Moderator.

2. Not in an orderly or well-regulated manner; irregularly, improperly. 1471 Act. Audit. (1839) 16/1 The lordis.. delivers pat pe processis of pe breif of Richt.. is vnlachfully and vnorderly procedit. 1559 Aylmer Harborowe G4b, Paule mente to bridle them.. if they had prophecied vnorderly. 1596 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1906) ii. 315 So that such disobedient and lawlesse persons may not live so unorderly. 1610 Donne Pseudo-martyr 387 They make Conuenticles against bishopps, and accuse them vnorderly, and against the forme of Canons. er comforte]). C1425 St. Mary of Oignies i. vi. in Anglia VIII. 139/10 Vdel worde or vnordynat lokynge or vnhonest hauynge of body, c 1491 Chast. Goddes ChyJd. 22 This feuer tercian comyth somtyme of an unordynate hete. 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer 11. (1577) I viij. Our Courtier ought not to professe to be a glutton nor a dronkerd, nor riotous & vnordinate in any yll condition. 1591 Harington Orl. Fur. vin. Notes 63 The vneomely and carelesse actes that dishonest or vnordinat loue do prouoke euen the noblest vnto. 1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all Hi, A iust punishment for their presumptuous and vnordinate proceedings.

un'ordinately, adv. Obs.

t

(un-* ii, 5b.)

C1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 38 Ech body for3etit> him while J>er |>ou3t is bounden to love ony creature unordynatli. ^1425 St. Mary of Oignies 1. v. in Anglia VIII. 138/16 Pronounsynge many wordes vnordynatly. C1440 Jacob's Well 161 Whanne a man delyth wyth his wyif vnordynatly &

UNORDNANCED

un'ordnanced, ppl. a. (ln-‘ 8.) 1804 Larwood No Gun Boats 12 Better to give all than suffer their Gun Boats to remain in even an unruddered, unmasted, unordonanced existence.

un'organed, p/)/. a. [un-* 4, 8 + organ sb.^ 5.] Organically dissolved. 1624 Ql’ARLES^oft xix. 51 But man (vnorgan’d by the hand of Death) Dyes not, is but transplanted from beneath, Into a fairer soylc.

unor'ganic, a. (un-^ 7 and 5 b.) 1*775 Ash.] i8o2>i2 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) 11. 508 The keeping of the rule of action .. in one immense and unorganic mass.

un'organizable, a. (uN-* 7 b, 5 b.) 1868 R. H. Quick Ess. Educ. Reform, viii. 222 To cram the mind with isolated, or as Mr. Spencer calls them, unorganizable facts. 1902 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 10) XXXI. 515/2 The floor is covered by dead or dying unorganizable materials, without any layer of regenerative cells.

un'organized,/>/>/. a. [un-* 8, 5 b.] 1. Not brought into an organic state. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxx. §5 An uniform, unorganized body, consisting.. all of similar parts. 1746 Berkeley in Fraser Li/e (1871) viii. 316 To me it seems that stones are vegetables unorganized. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 467 If we find causes of uncertainty in regard to organized beings, how many more must we find in regard to unorganized beings. 1829 T. Castle Introd. Bot. 225 That the epidermis is a fine, transparent, unorganized pellicle. 1899 AUbutVs Syst. Med. VI. 189 Ordinary unorganised or partly organised polypoid thrombi.

2. Not formed into an orderly or regulated whole. 1836 H. Coleridge North. Worthies (1852) I. 16 Confiding in the unorganised valour of the English nation .. he..opposed a standing army, i860 Froude Hist. Eng. V. 213 The sustained fire .. threw their dense and unorganized masses into rapid confusion.

Hence un'organizedness. 1664 H. More Apology 486 Which makes me.. seem to allow of the Unorganizedness of the i^)thereal Vehicle of the Soul.

unori'entaL a. (un-^ 7.) 1820 Byron Juan iii. xxviii, A most unoriental roar of laughter. 1862 Thornbury Turner I. 194 The Jerusalem is very unoriental.

uno'riginab and sb. [un-^ 7, 12.] 1. Having no origin; uncreated. 1667 Milton P.L. x. 477 Plung’d in the womb Of unoriginal Night and Chaos wilde.

2. a. Not original; derivative; second-hand. *774 G erard Ess. Genius 42 Nothing appears in it uncommon or new; every thing is trite and unoriginal. 1802-12 Bentha.m Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) I. 57 The evidence may be termed unoriginal in so far as the narrating witness.. speaks of some other person and not of himself. /. a. Obs. [un-*8.] = prec.

Very' common in 17th and i8th centuries. *553 Brende Q. Curtius 132 In the daye time the countrey is wild and vnpassable, when they can nether finde any tracte nor waye to go in. 1579-80 North Plutarch (1595) 314 The riuer.. is vnpassable for any shallow it hath. 1649 F. Roberts Clavis Bibl. 500 Waters., very deep and unpassable. a 1698 Temple Ess. Heroick Virt. Wks. 1720 I. 196 Vast and unpassable Mountains or Desarts. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 1. (Globe) 263 A Grove of Trees,.. so thick, that it was unpassable. 1796 J. Moser Hermit of Caucasus I. 192 The caverns were rendered slippery, and nearly unpassable. 1828-32 Webster s.v., Unpassable roads. 1876-80 in Yks. and Somerset glossaries,

2. Incapable exceeded.

1. Not influenced or swayed by passion or strong feeling; calm, self-possessed: a. Of persons, disposition, etc.

t2. Unprejudiced, impartial. Obs.

un'pass, V. (un-* 3.)

fb.

UNPATRIOTIC ALLY

135

or

1570 Dee Math. Pref. 34 They can not prescribe., certaine vnpassable boundes. 1656 Jeanes Fuln. Christ 236 The Scotists .. say farther, that the degree of Christ’s grace was unpassable even by Gods absolute power, a 1683 Oldham Wks. (1686) 109 ’Tis I.. Who must new Worlds in Vice descry. And fix the pillars of unpassable iniquity.

3. Of money: Incapable of being passed or circulated. 1664 in Aberdeen N. Sf Q. (1910) III. 109/2 Ther was some unpassable money in the poors box. 1696 J. Cary Ess. Coyn 10 The Trade of England was apparently slackened since the Small Money was made unpassable. 1745 De Foe's Eng. Tradesm. (1841) I. xx. 188 A considerable quantity of false and unpassable money. 1828-32 Webster s.v., Unpassable notes or coins.

Hence un'passableness. 1657 R. Ligon Barbadoes 75 The unpassableness of the w’ayes. 1674 Evelyn Navig. & Comm. 34 Grave Authors, who speak of the unpassableness of the Ocean. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 26 Its unpassableness, not to the Water, but to the Worm.

i6ii CoTGR., Impassibilite,.. vnpassionatenesse. 1655 M. Casaubon Enthus. iii. (1656) 159 Stoicks and Cynicks .. who .. chose to beg, and to be trampled upon .., to make good their profession of un-passionatnesse. 1673 O. Walker Educ. 205 If your election be .. made .. with indifferency, unpassionateness, and sincerity.

un'passioned, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] = UNPASSIONATE a. a 1618 J. Davies (Heref.) Witte's Pilgr. Wks. (Grosart) H. 48/2 O you vnpassiond peacefuil Harts That with me Hue secure in meane estate. 1678 Temple Let. Wks. 1720 II. 515 As unpassioned, and as uninteressed Concernment in the .. Service of my Master.. as any Man can have, a 1764 Mrs. Carter in Mem. (1808) II. 103 With calm severity, unpassion’d Age Detects the specious fallacies of Youth.

un'passive, a. [un-* 7.] fa. = impassive a. i. Obs. b. Active. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. xiii. Ixxix. 326 Sufficeth vs to know he is.. vnpassiue, vnmateriall, vneompounded. Infinite. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. s68 The principal of those [habits] are faith, and hope, and charity,.. unpassive compliance, readiness to please, and easiness to be pleased.

unpast, variant of unpassed ppl. a. un'passageable, a. (uN-*7b.) 1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 94 The ruggednesse of the v'npassageable mountaine Caucasus.

un'passed. un'past, ppl. a. (un-' 8, sd.) 1541 Aberdeen Reg. XVII. (Jam.), To returne hame on past to the tryst. 1597 Morley Introd. Mus. To Rdr., Like vnto a great Sea, which the further I entred into, the more 1 sawe before mee vnpast. 1647 Cowley Mistress 115 Unpast Alps stop mee, but I’le cut through all, And march, the Muses Hanniball. [1775 Ash, Unpassed, Unpast.] 1849 Rock Ch. of Fathers III. x. 477 The strong unpassed wall between them and that defenceless town. 1884 Knowledge 4 July 6 Barriers as yet unpassed, and probably impassable.

t un'passen,/)/)/. a. Obs.-' [uN-'8b.] = prec. 1624 in Capt. Smith Virginia Pref. 4 Who loues to Hue at home, yet looke abroad. And know both passen and unpassen road.

t un'passible, a.* Obs. [un-* 7.] = UNPASSABLE. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv. iii. (1495) F iv/2 In many places in y« vttermeste endes [of Assyria] for dystemperate places y* londe in vnpassyble. [1775 Ash.]

t un'passible, Obs. [un-* 7, 5 b.] = IMPASSIBLE a. Freq. as an attribute of the Deity. C1450 Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 140 The gude mens [bodies shall rise] fulle faire with out eend unpassible. 1533 tr. Erasmus' Com. Crede 23, I beleue in God the father almyghty vnuysyble and vmpassyble. 1587 Golding De Mornay iii. 35 First substances, vnchaungeable and vnpassible. 1623 Lisle Anc. Mon. (1638) 6 Christs body.. ncuer dieth henceforth: but is eternal, and vnpassible.

un'passing, pp/. a. (un-* io, sd + passing pp/. a.

I, 3.)

1592 Sc. Acts, fas. VI (1814) III. 531/1 The haill estaittis .. to rcmanc in this toun vnpassing furth of the samync. 1887 ‘H. Haliburton’ Scotland's Sake 219 An unpassing present of passionless repose. 1903 W. Sharp in Life (igio) ^$7 It deals in a new way with a subject of unpassing interest.

un'passionate, a. Now rare. [UN-* 7, 5 b.] Common from c 1600 to c 1660.

un'paste, v. (un-* 3.) 1598 Florio, Spastare, to vn-paste, to take away the paste or crust of any thing. x668 R. Steele Husbandman's Calling i. 9 Item, Spent each day.. in dressing, painting,.. and three hours more at Night in unpasting and undressing again.

un'pastor, tJ. (uN-*6b.) 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. vni. iii. §12 Preferring rather willingly to un-Pastor.. themselves than to retain the place, without the power.

un'pastoral, a. (un-* 7.) 1782 Warton Rowley Enq. 95 This very unpathetic and unpastoral idea.., that ’the portcullis of the castle of his heart was fallen’. 1820 Scott Monast. xxviii. The swain cursed the nymph’s bad humour with very unpastoral phrase and emphasis. 1865 Ruskin Sesame 45 The most ui^astoral [character] is, instead of feeding, to want to be

un'pasturable, a. (uN-* yb.) 1796 W. H. Marshall Planting II. 38 Plantations of Alders should..be confined to swampy, low, unpasturable places.

un'pastured, ppl. a. [uN-* 8.] 1. Not led to pasture; unfed. 1548 Elyot Impastus, vnfed, vnpastured, hungry. 1647 Hexham i, Vnpastured, ongeweydt. a 1800 Cowper Death of Damon 113 Go, go, my lambs, unpastur’d as ye are. 1821 Shelley Adonais xxvii. Why didst thou.. Dare the unpastured dragon in his den?

2. Not employed for pasture. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. iii. ii. 49 It is the unpastured sea hungering for calm. 1872 Blackie Lays Highl. 3 Wandering.. o’er the wide unpastured sea.

un'patched, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1824 Miss Mitford Village Ser. 1.1. 206 The ragged condition of those unpatched shoes. 1875 Whyte Melville Katerfelto xi. Excuse my freedom in an unpatched pair of breeches.

un'patented, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade 160 Any Land., that is un¬ patented, or not granted to some particular Person. 1809 Malkin Gil Bias vni. ix. If 2 Invested with full powers to make the world his oyster, and leave nothing but the shell to

his unpatented competitors. iSyg Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 1 Unpatented Inventions. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 27 Aug. 2/2 The various patented and unpatented medicines of the present day.

un'pathed, pptl. a. (un-* 8.) 1611 Shaks. Wint. T. IV. iv. 578 A wild dedication of your selues To vnpath’d Waters, vndream'd Shores. 1628 Feltham Resolves n. xxxvi. 111 The lonelinesse of vnpathed Desarts. 1671 Marten Voy. Spitzbergen in Acc. Set\ Late Voy. II. (1694) 30 She always keeps her strait way through these unpathed Waves. 1852 Q. Rev. Mar. 441 Three galleys.. were sent across these unpathed waters. 1897 Baring-Gould Guavas xiv. He. .strode over the unpathed moor.

unpa'thetic, a. (un-* 7.) [*775 Ash.] 1782 [see unpastoral a.]. 1818 T. L. Peacock Nightmare Abbey iv. We are all.. puppets of a blind and unpathetic necessity. 1903 Times Lit. Supp. i6Jan. 16/1 The not unpathetic image of a big.. ape.

un'pathwayed, a. (un-* 9.) 1805 WoRDSW. Waggoner vi. 24 While she roves.. Along the smooth unpathwayed plain.

tun'patience. Obs. [un-* 12, 5 b.] patience; impatience.

Lack of

1380 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 740 Be grucchyngge and vnpaciens and blasfemynge of god. ci^^o Jacob's Well 94 be sexte fote depe of wose in wretthe is vnpacyence. Ibid., Vnpacyens is full of malyce. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 361 b/2 Neuertheles was neuer sene in her signe of unpacyence but alwey swete wordes. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Gal. i. 3 b. Lest any thynke that these my wordes are spoken either of hastynes or of vnpacience. 1643 J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. ix. 43 By reason of the Childs unpatience I could not make the Medicine stay.

t un'patiency. Obs. rare, [un-* 12, 5 b.] = prec. *535 Coverdale Judith viii. 24 They that., put them selues forth with vnpaciency and murmurynge agaynst God. 1558 Knox First Blast (Arb.) 14, I might adduce histories, prouing.. some for vnpaciencie to haue murthered them selues.

un'patient, Impatient.

a.

Now

dial,

[un-*

7,

5 b.]

c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. 11. 268 bes I?at ben unpacient put Goddis lawe ri3tid hem. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 167 Ful vnpacient of pees,.. and wlatful of sleupe. a 1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 22 If 3e be vnobedient and vnpacient to my commandyngs. C1485 Digby Myst. (1882) IV. 948 Nothinge ragid he, ne was vnpaciente. 1560 Pilkington Expos. Aggeus (1562) 37 The unpacient bearing of [God’s scourge].. when it comes, a 1586 Sidney Arcadia i. xii, Though he were very unpatient of long deliberations. 1607 Beaum. & Fl. Woman-Hater iii. i, Gond. Thou hadst better bin a devill. Orian. Why my unpatient Lord? 1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Calvin (1867) I. 321 The commissioners, unpatient of delay, assembled the people together, a 1704 T. Brown Ess. Women Wks. 1711 IV. 157, I see.. you are un-patient to object against me. 1861 Geo. Eliot Silas M. xiv. The men are..so fiery and unpatient. 1886-96 in Lane, and Durham glossaries.

tun'patiently, Impatiently.

adv.

Obs.

[un-‘

ii,

sb.]

CI425 Orolog. Sapient, i. in Anglia X. 335/23 bat bou take not vnpacientlye ^at diuerse graciose visitacione. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. cxi. 136/1 The sayd Sirryens.. bare full unpacyently that they were brought in bondage. 1548 Cranmer Catech. 93 When such yongbabes do not lye softly., they crie vnpatientlye. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 186 It was manifest.. that their minds were exceedingly molested, and tooke their repulse very unpatiently. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God xix. iv. 759 Cato..would not haue done it but that he tooke Cesar’s victory so vnpatiently.

t un'patientness. Impatience.

Obs.

[un-‘

12,

5 b.]

1548 Cranmer Catech. 140 b, Their unpatientnes is encreaced by such aduersitie. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed HI. 1391 Parries exclamation of outrage and vnpatientnesse.

unpatri'archaL

(un-* 7.)

1859 W. H. Gregory Egypt I. 27-^ Jabbering and mumbling for a full hour in a most ungodlike, unpatriarchal manner.

un'patrimonied, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1782 Eliz. Blower Geo. Bateman I. 100 It is the misfortune of the unpatrimonied, that they can only shew their feelings in words.

un'patriot, v. (un-^ 6 b.) 1738 Common Sense II. 207, I fairly deliver him up to Freeman and Company to unpatriot and revile as much as they please.

unpatri'otic, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) [*775 Ash.] 1828 Carlyle Mwc. (1840) I. 362 The French wits of the period were as unpatriotic. 1853 Lytton My Novel XII. xxv, A captain .. undertook a long defence of army and navy, from the unpatriotic aspersions of the preceding speakers.

unpatri'otically, atfr. (un-* ii.) 1783 Earl Malmesbury Diaries ^ Corr. II. 34 The clamour, which was very unpatriotically indeed attempted to be raised about it in Parliament. 1850 Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. i. 23 Of America it would ill beseem any Englishman ..to speak unpatriotically, if any of us even felt so. 1861 Trollope Tales All Countries vii. 273 Unpatriotically acquiescent as to England’s aristocratic propensities.

UNPATRIOTISM

un'pawned, ppl. a. (un-' 8.)

un'patriotism. (un-' 12,5b.) 1887 Blackjnars Mag. Jan. 225 In the desire .. lay the germ of unpatrioiism, a forgetting that they were Englishmen at all. [Ereq. from c 1905 ]

un'patroned, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1741 Warbi RTON Dir. Lfgat. II- Pref. p. xiv, This Disadvantage.. gave his first Volume, unpatroned and unfriended as it was. so very kind a Reception.

un'patronizedt ppl- a- (un-* 8.) J. Bkai.k Ded. in llieron's Serm., etc. I. ^2 The author of this present volume .. left not only some members of it vnpatroniz’d, but the whole frame without a generall sustaincr. 1661 Rawli-y Resuscitatio (ed. 2) Ded. aj, This unpatroniz’d Bookc. 1751 Johnson Rambler J/)/. a. (un-* io.) 1723 Waterland Sec. Vindic. Christ's Divinity xxiii. 448 To make you at length sensible of Two Things, about which you have been hitherto very slow and unperceiving. 1803 Monthly Mag. XIV. 490 For an idea to exist in an unperceiving thing is a contradiction.

unper'ceivingness. (un-* 12; or f. prec.) 1685 Renwick Serm., etc. unperceivingness of temper is this?

(1776)

144

What

funper'ceptable, at Crist was risun .., synnede many weyes. 1402 Jack Upland in Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11. 20 Certes..it seemeth that yee be unperfect. c 1449 Pecock Repr. v. xiv. 560 Vnperfit men cumbrid in her freelnes.. ou3ten chese ful ofte the., surer good to hem bifore the vnsurer good. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Heb. 11 As the vnperfiter priesthood geueth place vnto the perfiter. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xiv. 252 A man vnperfect and void of the gifts of nature. 1617 mORYSON Itin. H. 79 The wisest Counsels, .are vneertaine, and the wisest men vnperfect. a 1628 F. Grevil Sidney (1652) 12 What marvail can it be, if these lacobs and Esaus strive .. as well before as after they come out of such erring and unperfect wombes? 1766 A. Nicol Poems 14 O, Heavens! deliver me.. From one that’s thriftless, nasty, unperfeit.

b. Inexpert, unskilled; not properly trained or practised; not thoroughly up in one’s part. ri440 Gesta Rom. xliii. 170 (Harl. MS.), They wer.. vnperfite of the crafte, or vneunnynge in the mystery, c 1470 Henry Wallace iv. 736 Rycht wnperfyt I am of V’enus play. *545 Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 20, I beyr^ an vnperfyte shoter. 1577-82 Breton Floorish upon Fancie To Yng. Gentlemen, I was., in a place vnknowne.. vnperfect to returne the waye I went. cx6oo Shaks. Sonn. xxiii. t As an

UNPERFECT

UNPERSON

138

un'perforate, a.

left unfinished, incomplete, or defective; not full

un'perforated, p/)/. a. (un-* 8, 5 b.)

un'periwigged. a. (uN-* 9.)

1676 H. More Remarks 153 It will be hard then to find any evasion if the inward Vessel ascend not as it does when the bottom is unperforated. 1726 Monro Anat. 113 The posterior unperforated Part of the Lamella. 1833 J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 196 An unperforated iron plate. 1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 328 Very oblique, fibrously thickened (unperforated ?) end-surfaces.

1779 R. Graves Euphrosine (1783) II. 110 Would’st thou enraptured nature’s charm behold,.. Un-painted and unperiwig’d survey?

in number, etc.; a. Of material things. 1382 W’yclif Ps. cxxxviii. 16 Myn vnparfit thing se3en thin e3en. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv!i. i. (Bodl. MS.), In some Irene pe [humoure] is vnsufficiaunte and vnperfecte. C1449 Vv.cock Repr. 11. ix. 193 The symplerand vnperfiter and lasse representing ymage. 1483 ^ ///, c. 8 Preamble, Wollen clothes.. unperfite and deceyvably made. 1535 Coverdale Wisd. iv. 5 The vnparfecte braunches shalbe broken, a 1568 Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 142 Plautus and Terence, with a litle rude vnperfit pamflet of the elder Cato. 1604 T. Wright Passions Ep. Ded., The vncorrected copie..of three..was most vnperfit. 1626 Bacon Sylva §546 Mushroomes.. are likewise an unperfect Plant. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing 8 Some Trades are.. sooner sold oflt, which renders the remainder of the un-sold Exercises un^rfect. 1858 H. Bushnell Nat. & Supernat. xi. (1864) 342 The world .. was made, including man, as a thing necessarily unperfect, b. Of qualities, concepts, etc. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 302 A fool.. bryngil? in a newe ordre pat is hope heuy & vnperfi3t. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 53 He dede oon dede pat semede of unperfi3t witte. C1475 Partenay 5225 The pope assoiled hym ther benyngly. When [he] declared hade hys dedes vnperfight. 1535 Coverdale 1 Cor. xiii. 9 Our knowlege is vnparfecte, and our prophecienge is vnparfecte. 1551 T. Wilson Logike Hiiij, An halfe argument, is an argument vnperfect. 1607 Hieron Wks. I. 150 Nurses .. doe babble with them in their owne stammering and vnperfite language. 1614 Raleigh Hist. World iii. xii. 145 Taking vpon themselues the maintenance of the peace .. which Agesilaus .. had left vnperfect. 1656 Sanderson Serm. (1689) 537 The sence hangeth unperfect unless we take in the former verse. t un'perfect, t’. Obs. [un-*3.] trans. To render imperfect. 1548 Geste Pr. Masse C vii, To renew the sayde sacryfyce is vtterlye to vnperfyt, & disable it quite, a 1586 Sidney Arcadia iii. v. The dressing of her haire and apparell.. left to a neglected chaunce, which yet coulde no more unperfect her perfections, than a Die., could loose his squarenesse. un'perfected (now unper'fected), ppl. a. (uN-* 8, Sb.) 01513 Fabyan Chron. vii. 491 By reason of which., trewes the hostes were deseuered, and the ende of y' warre vnparfyted. c 1542 Surrey in TotteVs Misc. (Arb.) 29 A mark, the which (vnparfited, for time) Some may approche, but neuer none shall hit. 1625 K. Long tr. Barclay's Argenis V. X. 363 The businesse yet stands well; the alliance unperfected; Argenis unmarried. 1657 W. Rand tr. Gassendi's Lije Peiresc li. 192 He never willingly left anything unperfected. 1716-20 Lett.fr. Mist's Jrnl. (1722) I. 308 These., are but half Gentlemen,.. debased, unperfected things. 1864 Reader No. 86. zigfz An unperfected sketch. 1891 Farrar DarAn. & Dawnxli, Shall any germ of good in man’s soul perish unperfected? t unper'fection. Obs. [un-^ 12, 5 b.] Imperfection. C1380 W^YCLiF Sel. Wks. III. 402 When unperfeccioun is putt upon God. 1388-Ecclus. xxxviii. 31 He schal 3yue his herte in to the perfourmyng of werkes; and bi his wakyng he schal ourne vnperfeccioun. C1535 Nisbet N.T. (S.T.S.) III. 344 Christ., now dealis with us daylye, sufferyng our vnperfectiounn. t unper'fective, a. (un-' 7, 5 b.) 1704 Norris Ideal World ii. vi. 320 A pure and unmingled darkness, being.. so very unperfective of our natures. Ibid. xii. 476 The knowledge of an unperfective object. tun'perfectly, adv. Obs. [un-^ ii, 5b.] Imperfectly, 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xxix. (Bodl. MS.), Whanne it [rc. light] comep into fatte mater it is inperfitelich [1495 vnperfyghtly] ifonge & schedej? hym t?erinne vnperfitelich and seme]? derke withoute. C1449 Pecock Repr. V. XV. 564 It is no nede forto seie ther of eny thing vnperfitli and vnfully and therfore vnsauorili here. 1483 Act I Rich. Ill, c. 8 Preamble, Wollen Clothes .. unperfitly made and deceyvably wrought. 1552 Latimer Serm. Lord's Prayer vi. (1562) 47 b, We beleue vnperfectly, we loue vnperfectly, we suffer vnperfectly..; and so al thinges that we do, ar done irnperfectly. 1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. 579 Besydes this, we se here vnperfitly. 1639 Gentilis Servita's Inquis. (1655) 20 Yet was it not put to execution according to the Emperours mind, but onely unperfectly. un'perfectness. Now rare, [un-* 12, 5 b.] Imperfection. a. 01325 Prose Ps. cxxxviii. 15 J>yn e3en sen myn vnparfitnes. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 5 Art, sciens and lawe al were i-falle,.. but l?e mercy of God had iordyned vs of iettres in remedie of vnparfi3tnesse of mankynde. c 1449 Pecock Repr. iii. xi. 349 As he which ofte and miche synned, and as he which knewe his vnperfitnes. a 1568 Ascham Scholem. 11. (Arb.) 144 Cicero him selfe doth complaine of this vnperfitnes, but more plainly Quintilian. *543 Necessary Doctrine eii. These workes.. for as moch as they be done in the faith of Christe,.. theyr vnperfectnes is supplied. 1548 Cranmer Catech. 220 b, Althoughe he doth oftentimes ouercome sinne, yet this is a ^eat vnperfectenes, y* he dothe it not willingly. 1625 Donne Serm. 669 If there had not been unbeliefe, weaknesse, unperfectnesse in that Faith. 1661 Rust Origen's Opin. 72 Seeing what. ..was likely to be the lot of some of them from the necessary unperfectness of their Natures. 1900 Mary Kingsley Mem. in G. H. Kingsley Sp. & Trav. vii. 193 In the very unperfectness of that specimen. unper'flated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1822-7 Good Study Med. (1829) II. 203 Confined and unperfiated barracks.

[un-* 7.] = next. 1713 Cheselden Anat. (1722) 224 The Edges of this growing together, it continued unperforate.

Billings Baronial Antiq. Scot., Dunblane II. i The Romans have left unperishing memorials of their far-reaching energy.

vnperfect actor on the stage, Who with his feare is put besides his part. 2. Not brought to perfection or completeness;

unper'formable, a. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.) 1674 O. Walker, etc. Paraphr. Ep. St. Paul (1675) 7 An unperformable supposition. 1818 Bentham Ch. Eng. 238 The unperformable obligation actually taken upon themselves by the Sponsors.

t unper'formance. performance.

Obs.

[un-* 12.]

Non¬

1608 Hieron Defence iii. 138 Kneeling..is altogether accidental! and uncerteyne, and so, by consequence, liable to an unperformance.

unperformed, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1442 Rolls of Parlt. V. 57/2 It may be founden.. that parcell therof [rr. a will].. remayneth unperfourmede and not executed. 1483VI. 261/1 So that the said last Wille .. shall reste unperfourmed. 1573 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. 101 b. He shall most fully accomplish such thynges as we see as yet vnperformed. 1591 Harington Orl. Fur. xxvi. XXXV. 208/2 Merlin,.. by his passing wit. Set here (as yet) their vnperformed deeds. C1611 Chapman Iliad l. 59 If unperformed vows He blames in us. 1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 308 That condition which is of necessity to the end, though some accidentals be unperformed. 1750 Chesterf. Let. 8 Jan., They have done feats, .unperformed by others. 1849 FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 197 A large bill for service unperformed. 1870 Bryant Iliad 1. ii. 41 Yet is the enterprise for which we came still unperformed.

unper'forming, vbl. sb. (un-* 13.) 1645 Milton Tetrach. 31 No fals dealing, or unperforming should be thrust upon men without redress, if the covnant bee so divine.

unper'forming,/)/)/. a. (un-* io.) 1670 Dryden Conq. Granada i. Epil., Yet, though he much has failed, he begs, to-day, You will excuse his unperforming play. 1706 Watts Horae Lyricae II. 205 Ye vulgar charms of eyes and ears. Ye unperforming promisers! 1742 Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett. (1749) 153 You..have placed in strong contraste their successful industry, with our unperforming ignorance. 1765 Goldsm. Ess. ii. Wks. (Globe) 288/2 The public has been so often imposed upon by the unperforming promises of others. 1824 Lamb Elia ii. Capt. Jackson, You.. reeled under the potency of his unperforming Bacchanalian encouragements.

unperfumed, 7>p/. a.

(un-* 8.) 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Inodorous, that is without Scent,.. unperfumed. 1784 Cowper Task iii. 732 Are not wholesome airs, though unperfum’d By roses, ..To be preferr’d to smoke? i860 Farrar Orig. Lang. i. i Uttering things simple, and unperfumed.

un'perilous, a.

(un-* 7.) 1621 in Kempe Losely MSS. (1836) 455 [A] not unpleasant waye, though not unperilous. 1620 Feltham Resolves ii. xii. 33 The secure depths, in the most vnperillous Channell. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude v. 234 Where had we been.. If in the season of unperilous choice.. We had been followed! 1847 Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights xxxiii, Temperate mode of living, and unperilous occupations.

un'perishable, a.

(un-* 7 b, s b.) 1548 Udall Erasm. Par. Luke iii. 33 b, He that hath throughly conceiued the fyer of charitee & loue vnperishable. 1664 Ingelo Bentiv. ^ Ur. ii. vi. 366 The unperishable nature of the Soul. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 23 The Moneys will be lent., upon unperishable Commodities. 1712 Spect. No. 537 IP7 A contemplation on the unperishable part of his nature. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. §93 The stone here.. was.. unperishable by the effects of weather. 1824 Godwin Hist. Commte. I. 425 A king., has an unperishable advantage over a popular assembly. 1858 Birch Anc. Pottery II. 396 The glyptic and graphic arts only exist in their later forms as exercised on unperishable materials.

Hence un'perishableness. 1648 Jenkyn Blind Guide 48 This position .. of a simple and absolute unperishablenesse. 1760-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 679 The spirituality and unperishableness of the soul.

un'perished, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) C1400 Destr. Troy 2460 He cast be course what shuld come after, Shuld neuer purpos vnperisshit be put to a yssu. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. xi. 3016 We ask..3our help at oure cete And we may als vnperist be. 1531 Elyot Gov. ill. vi, He presumed, that faythe beinge obserued unperisshed, shulde please all mighty god aboue all thinges. 1555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 331 Any beastes whose skynnes they desyre to saue vnperysshed. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia v. 198 The hull though .. in the water, they found vnperished. 1652 T. Froysell Gale Opportunity 39 The sweet smelling spices of his lovely life.. will imbalme him, and keep him unperisht in your thoughts many years. 1720 Pope Iliad xxiii. 402 Yon aged trunk .., Or hardy fir, unperish’d with the rains. 1857 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 146 You can help some genius yet unperished.

un'perishing,/>p/. a.

(un-* io.) 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. in. vi. 158 b, Ordeyned to heauenly incorruption and an vnperishing crowne. 1709 Shaftesb. Charac. II. 371 Mighty Being!.. Unperishing in Grace, and of undecaying Youth! 1789 Cowper Annus Memorabilis 15 Deeds of unperishing renown. ci8oo Coleridge On a Cataract i Unperishing youth! Thou leapest from forth The cell of thy hidden nativity. 1852

un'perjured, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) a 1700 Dryden (J.), Thou can’st not die unperjur’d. And leave an unaccomplish’d love behind. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) I. 382 They or he remain unperjured, all the others perjured. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 523 Days When, on the glittering dews of orient life, Shone sunshine hopes, unfailed, unperjured then.

un'permanency. (un-* 12, 5 b; cf. next.) 1864 R. F. Burton Mission to Gelele II. 197 The unpermanency of the half-breed, and the frequency of sterile marriages amongst mulattos.

un'permanent, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. ii. 160/2 All the world may well be cal’d a Boat, Tost on the troublous waues of discontent, Al) subject vnto change vnpermanent. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. iv. xiii. 56 Because it was so short and unpermanent the Prophecy seems to take no express notice of it. 1748 Richardson Clarissa III. 362 Who would not,.. to preserve so many essentials, give up so light, so unpermanent a pleasure? 1788 D. Gilson Serm. Pract. Subj. i. 9 The splendors he.. pursued, have been found both unreal and unpermanent. 1804-9 Blake Select. Milton, Los 5 Not one moment Of Time is lost, nor one event of Space unpermanent.

un'permeable, a. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.) [*775 Ash.] 1827 Montgomery Pelican Isl. iii. Where unpermeable foliage made Midnight at noon.

159

unper'missible, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) [1775 Ash.] 1871 Athenaeum 14 Jan. 57 The presence of man is held to be unpermissible.

unper'mitted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1598 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. Eden 306 Now Heav’ns eternal! all-fore-seeing King.. Thought good .. That he [ic. man] should never taste fruits un-permitted. 1777 Potter j^schylus, Seven Chiefs 180 Murd’rous is the rage that fires thee To deeds of death, to unpermitted blood. 1810 H. P. Forster Ess. Princ. Sanskrit Gram. Introd. p. xii. My friend,.. I trust, will excuse this unpermitted mention of his name. 1851 Carlyle Sterling i. xv, A rash, false, unwise and unpermitted step.

unper'mixed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) CI545 G. WiSHART Conf. Faith in Misc. Wodrow Soc. (1844) 14 Christ.. hauynge two natures unpermyxte. 1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades 1097/2 Where I haue intreated of one person, and of bothe natures in Christ vnpermixed.

un'perpetrated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) i8ii Lamb Trag. Shaks. Wks. 1908 I. 136 The painful anxiety about the act, the natural longing to prevent it while it yet seems unperpetrated.

unper'plex, v. (un-** 3.) 01631 Donne Poems, Extasie 29 This Extasie doth unperplex (We said) and tell us what we love. 1665 J. Sergeant Sure Footing 205, I believe you are in some wonderment..: I shall endeavour to unperplex you. 0 1711 Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 238 O Father! you can unperplex my Mind. 1819 Keats L0mi0 i. 192 Not one hour old, yet of sciential brain To unperplex bliss from its neighbour pain.

unper'plexed, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not puzzled or made uncertain. 1558 Phaer JEneid. vi. Qjb, Proud minds vnperplext Reioysing vile in sinne. 01586 Sidney Arcadia iii. iv, Desiring her (whose thoughts were unpeqDlexed) to use for his sake.. intercession. 01711 Ken Urania Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 452 With Judgment unperplex’d [she] Reviews the Text. 1728 Young Love Fame v. 263 Bless'd with health, with business unperplex’d. 1824 Campbell Theodric 192 Hers was the brow, in trials unperplexed. That cheered the sad. 1838 Mrs. Browning To M. R. Mitford 10 Thou art unperplext,.. To preach a sermon on so known a text!

2. Not involved or intricate. 1653 Walton Angler i. 31 That good, plain, unperplext Catechism, that is printed with the old service book. C1698 Locke Cond. Und. §39 Simple, unperplexed proposition belonging to the matter in hand. 1754 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 104, My Arrangement has been grammatically just, unperplexed and clear. ? 1812 Wordsw. Waterfowl 13 Progress intricate Yet unperplexed, as if one spirit swayed Their indefatigable flight. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel 317 The unperplexed simple pleading.

un'persecuted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1642 Milton Apol. Smect. 11 Since I dare not wish to passe this life unpersecuted of slanderous tongues.

un'persecutive, a. (un-* 7.) 1664 H. More Apology 540 Whose errours.. are.. themselves of a peaceable and unpersecutive Temper.

unperse'verance. (un-* 12.) C1449 Pecock Repr. ii. vii. 177 Vnstable vneonstaunce and variaunce and vnperseueraunce.

'unperson, [un-* 12; introduced by ‘George Orwell’.] A person who, usu. for political misdemeanour, is deemed not to have existed and whose name is removed from all public records. In extended use, a person whose existence or achievement is officially denied or

UNPERSONABLE disregarded; a person of no political or social importance. 1949 ‘G. Orwell’ Nineteen Eighty-Four 11. 159 Syme was not only dead, he was abolished, an unperson. X954 Economist 18 Sept. 883/2 Beria is already an ‘unperson’, the record of his career ‘unfacts’. 1961 Guardian 28 Apr. 8/5 The concentration camp was a factory for processing people into un-persons. 1962 Listener 15 Feb. 308/1 From the Soviet point of view they are ‘unpersons’, ignored or slandered in Soviet travesties of literarv history. 1969 H. E. Salisbury Siege of Leningrad i. iii. 24 berezhkov omits any mention of Dekanozov’s name or of the DekanozovWcizsacker meeting. Because of his execution in 1953 Dekanozov ^parently has become an unperson. 1981 P. Dickinson Sex'enth Raven xi. 151 You’ve got absolutely nothing to do.. in hospitals... Places like that tend to turn you into a kind of unperson. 1983 Listener 16 June 4/1 He omitted the then Foreign Secretary, Francis Pym, who seemed even then to have become an unperson.

Hence un'person v. to make into an unperson (usu. in pa. ppl€.)\ un'personing vbl. sb. Also transf. 1966 Pace & Burg in Soinet Stud. XVIII. 96 (title) Unpersoned: the fall of Nikita Sergeyevitch Khrushchev. 1973 Listener 4 Jan. 8/2 On television... The addition of a face .. turns the newsreader into a person, but the job then requires him to unperson himself. 1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Feb. 156/3 The unpersoning process [in Czechoslovakia] had gathered momentum and many of the notables of 1968-69 were being rapidly transmogrified into the nobodies of the 1970s. 1977 Listener 16 June 790/2 One of them dead and the other efficiently unpersoned and confined to a political asylum. 1983 Daily Tel. 12 Mar. 14/2 In 1956, Bob .. brought in Hamilton .. as editorial director. .. But in the new edition it looks as if all the work was done by his successor, Harold Harris. ‘It is no trivial matter to be “unpersonned”,’ says Hamilton.

un'personable, a. (un-^ 7 b.) 1632 Holland Cyrupaedia 46 A man for his body not unpersonable, and in regard of his minde, seeming no ignoble and base pesant.

un'personal, a. and sb. [un-^ 7, 12, 5 b.] fa. = IMPERSONAL adj.., sb. I. b. Not personal. 1530 Palsgr. 83 Of verbes .. some be parsonal, and some be unparsonals. Ibid. 614 This verbe..is ever used as an unparsonal. 1891 Cent. Diet.., Unpersonal, not personal; not intended to apply to the person addressed, as a remark.

unperso'nality. (un-‘ 12.) x88i S. Lanier English Novel (1883) 91 As the third feature of the unpersonality revealed in this play, consider the fact that [etc.].

unper'sonified, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1825 Coleridge Aids Refl. 82 An obscure impersonation of what the Atheist receives unpersonified under the name of Fate or Nature.

unper'spicuous, a. (un-^ 7, 5 b.) [1775 Ash.] 1804 Ranken Hist. France ni. iv. III. 312 Their unclassical, often barbarous, and unperspicuous Latin. 1834 Southey in Corr. w. C. Bowles (i%%i) 29^ Is not that evidence .. of its exuberant fancy, its richness of diction, unperspicuous as it is.

139 t

unper'suasibleness, -'suasion. Obs. (un-‘

12.) a 1684 Leighton Com. i Pet. ii. 7 The word here us’d for disobedience, signifies properly unpersuasion:.. We are Children of disobedience, or unpersuasibleness.

unper'suasive, a. (un-* 7.) 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) V. 207, I traversed the room, and bit my unpersuasive lips., for vexation. 1783 Blair Lect. II. 122 That argumentative manner, bordering on the dry and unpersuasive, which is..the character of English Sermons. 1847 F. W. Newman Hist. Hebrew Mon. ix. 328 In his own town of Anathoth,.. his [sc. Jeremiah’s] extreme youth would make him unpersuasive to his neighbours. 1905 Holman-Hunt Pre-Raphaelitism II. 419 Actuality, without which all painting is characterless and unpersuasive.

Hence unper'suasively adv. 1855 Pusey Doctr. Real Presence 347 So not unpersuasively might it be said on this passage. 1865 Grosart Lambs all Safe 106, I have indeed written poorly and vnpersuasively. t

unper'taining» p/)/. a. Obs.-'^ (un-^ 10.)

CZ449 Pecock Repr. v. xiii. 552 Vsis and expendingis vnperteynyng to tho religiouns and to her persoones. t

un'pertinent, a. Obs. (un-‘ 7, 5 b.)

c 1380 Wyclif Set. Wks. II. 388 In general crede ben conteyned many treupis pat us nedip not to dispute, but bileve hem as unpertinent, c 1400 Apol. Loll. 72 To warn men to fie in weddingis couetous luslis, and pride, and swilk oper vices vnpertinent to pe manage. CI445 Pecock Donet 206 Maters vnpertinent to pe maters of pi preising and preiyng. 1579 Fulke Heskins' Pari. 439 This controuersie.. is vnpertinent to this cause. 1598 Florio, Inpertinente, vnpertinent, not fit, not belonging.

Hence f un'pertinently adv. Obs.~^ 1449 Pecock Repr. iv. iv. 441 Ellis this clausul.. hadde be seid vnpertynently and vnhangingli fro the materis of the clausulis foiewing. c

unper'turbed,/)/)/. a. [un-‘8.] Not perturbed. (In Physics: cf. perturbed ppl. a. z.) 1420-22 Lydg. Thebes ii. 1714 That he.. Myght allone regnen in quiete;.. Vnperturbed of Polymyte his brother. i6u CoTGR., Impassible,.. vnpassionate, vnperturbed. 1671 R. MacWard True Non-conf. 389 What in the ordinary and unperturbed condition of things would be accounted .. an usurpation. 1674 Boyle Excel!. Theol. 11. iii. 150 The great plenty of unperturbed light that is reflected from snow. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xxvi, The King,.. unperturbed by the .. violent gestures of the Duke. 1876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. vi, His own love seemed a guarantee of hers, since it was one with the unperturbed delight in her image. 1937 [see perturbed ppl. a. 2]. 1967 Margerison & East Introd. Polymer Chem. ii. 67 A ‘poor’ solvent, on the other hand, is one in which the polymer dimensions approach those of the unperturbed configuration. 1974 G. Reece tr. Hund's Hist. Quantum Theory xiv. 184 The function is a solution of the ‘unperturbed’ problem

Hence unper'turbedness.

unper'spirable, a. (uN-^7b.)

1676 Hale Contempt, ii. (1677) 149 Nothing so much gratifies an ill Tongue, as when it finds an angry hearer: nor nothing so much disappoints and vexeth it as Calmness and Unperturbedness. 1867 Legge Confucius 265 A calm unperturbedness may be attained.

a 1735 Arbuthnot (J.), Bile is the most unperspirable of animal fluids.

unpe'rused, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

unper'spiring,/)/>/. a. (un-^ 10.) x88i T. Maclagan Rheumatism 5 In acute gout the skin is dry and unperspiring.

unper'suadable, a. [un-^ 7 b, 5 b.] 11. Not removable by persuasion. Obs.'~^ /. a. (un-* 8.)

b. Of a grenade: having had the pin (pin sb.^ I n) removed. 1974 P. Dickinson Poison Oracle vi. 159 The Jap pilot who brought the plane down .. on to an inadequate runway with an assassin sitting beside him holding an unpinned grenade.

un'piped, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] Not put into a pipe. x6i2

UNPLANT

141

So un'pitiedly adv.

v. vi. 516 Vnpiteful questmongers and forsworen iurers. CX5X0 Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) D. vj, Unpitifull art thou and cruell tormentour Which thine owne proper minde thus drownest in errour. cse Sarrazins )?o gun vnplie Her baners oc after hei3e. 13.. K. Alis. 3000 (Laud MS.), A clerk gan pe lettre vnplye. 1830 James De L'Orme xxviii, A pistole for every fold ne unpiied in the rich white silk.

un'pocket, v. (un-® 5.) 1611 Florio, Sgaglioffare,. .to vnpouch or vnpocket. 1844 Tupper Heart xi. 104 Mutual participation in profit and loss:.. the bookseller pocketing the first, and the author un-pocketing the second. 1894 A. Morrison Mean Streets 136 Sam unpocketed a greasy paper.

Hence un'pocketed ppl. a. 1797 Mrs. M. Robinson Walsingham I. 102 A thousand times .. did my eyes glance.. at my unpocketed guinea.

unpo'etic, a. (un-* 7. Cf. next.) ? 1619 Corbet Death Q. Anne Poems (1672) 126 Do not.. for an Epithite that fails, Bite off your Unpoctick Nails. 1786 Miss Seward in Mrs. Delany's Life Corr. (1862) HI. 395, I have seen nothing of him since he sunk into his very un-poetic union. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms, etc. 371 Light Fauns, That the good owner’s unpoetic soul Could

UNPOETICAL not,. Imagine. 1863 'Ouida' Held in Bondage vi, There is something unpoetic, and coarse,.. about blood and bruises. Comb. 1865 G. Macdonald A. Forbes xxxix. The most unpoetic-Iooking Mr. Cupples.

unpo'etical, a. (UN-' 7. Cf. prec.) . (uN-^6b.)

unporno'graphic, pornographic.

Frances (1767) II. 191 With a taste and relish for them all, yet unpossessing any of them.

V. Knox Chr. Philos. §22 note. The mind, unpossessed of virtue. 1840 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) V. 69 .A witness.. absolutely unpossessed of all idea of obligation to speak the truth. X899 F. T. Bullen Way Navy 25 Many of them quite unpossessed of any knowledge of our most thrilling episode.

Hence unpo'ssessedness. x8x9 Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 239 How truly Shakspearian is the opening of Macbeth’s character given in the unpossessedness of Banquo’s mind.

unpo'ssessing,/)/)/. a. (un-* 10. sd.) x^5 Shaks. Lear 11. i. 69 Thou vnpossessing Bastard, dost thou thinkc [etc.]. X757 Mrs. Griffith Lett. Henry ^

(un-* 8.)

[x775 Ash.] X79X [see unfilled pp/. o.*].

un'powdered, ppl. a. [un-* 1. Not sprinkled with salt.

8.]

2. Not whitened with hair-powder. X75X Johnson Rambler No. 109 [^6 My hair unpowdered, and my hat uncocked. X847 Lytton Lucretia i. i, The dark hair which he wore unpowdered. X898 R. S. Hichens Londoners vii. Various footmen, powdered and unpowdered.

3. Not wearing face-powder; without facepowder. X9X7 J. F. MacDonald Two Towns~One City iii. ii. 210 Flushed, and dishevelled, and unpowdered Fifine becomes. X921 W. de la Mare Mem. Midget xli. 276 Her clear, unpowdered skin had the faint sheen of a rose. 1956 ‘C. Blackstock’ Dewey Death iii. 59 The fair hair was falling over her face; her skin was blotched and unpowdered. X974 J. Mann Sticking Place v. 88 Look at her now, shabby, unpowdered.

un'power,

Obs. exc. dial, [un-* 12. Cf. non¬ Want of power; inability; weakness; helplessness. power.]

CX380 Wyclif Serm. Sel. W^ks. I. 371 drede hap no peyne, but unpower for to synne. X402 Jack Upland in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 36 Then puttest thou on Christ., unkunning, unpower, and evill will. CX440 Gesta Rom. lii. 233 berfor do not aftir the worlde, ne abide not age, vnpower, or blyndnesse. a *470 H. Parker Dix'es & Pauper (W. de W. 1496) ii, xiv. G iiij b, Yf it be soo that p* othe be made .. the man that he made it to can not.. vnbynde hym from that othe.. but nede or unpower excuse hym. X847- in south-western dial, glossaries.

fun'power,

Obs.

[un-*4.]

trans. To deprive

of power. X643 W’. Greenhill Axe at Root 8 Now the Lord did.. un-church them, un-power them, un-saint them. 1657 Reeve God's Plea 287 Why are they ministers, if they unpower, cassate their own function?

un'powerful* a. rare.

(UN-*

7.)

x6xx Florio, Impoderoso, vnmightie, vnpowerfull. X656 Cowley Davideis 1. 48 He.. envy’d him a Kings unpowcrful Hate. 1777 J. Richardson Dissert. East. Nations 21 A distinct body of harmless and unpowerful people.

Hence un'powerfulness. X625 Darcie Ann. 34 It lies meerely in their owne vnpowerfulncssc, that they doe not ouerthrow his.. Empire.

UNPRACTIC t un'practic, a. Obs. [un-* 7.] Not practical. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida iv. ii. 551 A speedy, though unpraccic sympathy.

un'practicable, a. [un-' 7 b, Impracticable. (Common 1650-1700.)

sb.]

1647 Cl.\rendon Hist. Reb. in. § 176 Such Objections.. as rendered it [rc. the proposition] Ridiculous and Unpracticable. 1673 Remarques Humours Town 52 They have made Love.. unpracticable to the World. 1692 Bentley Boyle Led. 16 Such unpracticable conditions as these. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 135 Many things that seem’d unpracticable to their Thoughts.

Hence un'practicableness. 1667 Owen Indulg. ^ Tolerat. Consid. 30 The unpracticableness of such an Indulgence. x68o H. Dodwell Two Lett. (1691) 180 That unpracticableness wherewith they are changed. 1894 N.IV. Congregationalist (U.S.) 5 Jan., There is a certain amount of unpracticableness about this.

un'practical,

a.

(un-' 7, 5 b.)

1637 Bp. Reynolds Serm. (1638) 26 To foment their jealousies and censures., by novell, specious, and unpracticall Curiosities. x668 Hale Pref. to Rollers Abridgm. S Some of their Laws grew.. obsolete, some unpractical!, some obscure. 1849 c. Bronte Shirley vii, Caroline was feeling.. what an unpractical life she led. 1890 R. ‘Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 152 An unpractical, unsuccessful enthusiast.

Hence unpracti'callty; un'practlcally adv.\ un'practlcalness. 1875 Howells Foregone Concl. (1882) 313 That poor fellow with his whole stock of helplessness, dreamery and •unpracticality. 1880 Athenseum 18 Dec. 812/3 The delightful unpracticality of good Mrs. Brooke. 1881 Trans. Obstet. Soc. Lond. XXII. 5 Where we cannot foresee any immediate effect on practice, that is, so far as we can see, •unpractically. 1843 J. S. Mill Let. in Wks. (1963) XIII. 579 The chief fault seems to me that of entire •unpracticalness. 1880 Vernon Lee Stud. Italy 11. iii. 49 To this charming unpracticalness.. must be added the fact that [etc.].

t un'practisable,

UNPREDICTABLE

146

a.

(un-'

7 b,

5 b;

cf.

t2. Incapable of being appraised or valued; above valuation. Obs. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) *73 b. Thou shalt haue inestimable or vnpraysable rychesse. 1598 Stow Surv. 325 Vessels of gold, and siluer vnpraiseable, and many pretious stones.

un'praise, v. [un-* 3.] trans. To dispraise. C1375 Cursor M. 27585 (Fairf.), We agh ilkman our-self vpraise & in our hert vs vnpraise [Cott. dispraise]. 01500 Praise of Women in Rel. Ant. I. 275 To onpreyse womene, yt were a shame. 1728 Young Love Fame vii. 45 Cannot thrice ten hundred years unpraise The boist’rous boy, and blast his guilty bays? 1729 Savage Wanderer i. 345 Shou’d some nobler Bard their Worth unpraise. Deserting Morals, that adorn his Lays.

un'praised, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1390 Gower Conf. I. 229 If reson be wel peised, Ther mai no vertu ben unpreised. 1422 Yong tr. Secreta Secret. 130 Of the dyuersyte.. of maneris wych ben praside and vnprayside. 1570 Levins Manip. 50 Vnpraysed, illaudatus. 1590 Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 5 The land..was saluage wildernesse, Vnpeopled, vnmanurd, vnprou’d, vnpraysd. 1634 Milton Comus 723 Th’ all-giver would be unthank’t, would be unprais’d. 1700 Dryden Cymon Gf Iph. 469 Unprais’d by me, tho’ Heav’n sometime may bless An impious Act with undeserv’d Success. 1784 Cowper Task v. 539 There is yet a liberty, ..by senators unprais’d. 1827 PoLLOK Course T. vii. 422 Innumerous armies rose, unbannered all, Llnpanoplied, unpraised. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Mystics ix. iii. II. 151 How many women.. are far surpassing St. Theresa in their self-sacrifice and patience, unseen and unpraised of men. 1892 [see unpraisable i].

un'praiseful, a. (un-* 7.) 1868 Lynch Rivulet clii. prayer We live below.

ii, Not., with unpraiseful

un'praiseworthy, a. (un-* 7.) 1589 Fleming Virg. Georg, iv. 59 Th’ other king illfauoured is,.. And vnpraiseworthy drags his large brode belly all along. 1876 Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. ii. 45 We do not mean to say that this minute exegesis is useless or unpraiseworthy.

un'pray, v. (un-* 3.)

un'practise, v. (un-“ 3.)

i6n CoTGR., Desprier, to vnpray,.. recall prayers. 1662 Gurnall Chr. in Arm. ill. xiii. 102, I pray’d with so little faith, that I.. unprayed my own prayer. 1676 Hale Contempl. 1. 128 The freeness and purity of his obedience .. made him, as it were, un-pray what he had before prayed. 1842 Faber Styrian Lake, etc. 289 And he unprayed his curse, his passion sunk. 1862 Chr. G. Rossetti Poems (1904) 235/1 My sins unpray My prayer.

1727 Art of Speaking in Publick v. (ed. 2) 67 If you find it comes only from an ill Habit you have got,.. you ought to take up a resolution of unpractising it.

un'prayable, a. [uN-'7b.] fl. Inexorable.

PRACTISABLE

a.)

1594 in Halliwell Lett. Set. Subjects (1841) 36 Converted to sundrie other uses.. which have hetherto byn supposed to be unpractyzable. 1644 G. Plattes in Hartlias Legacy (165s) 295 It is neither unpossible, strange, nor unpracticeable.

un'practised, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Not familiarized or skilled by practice; inexperienced, inexpert. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utopia i. (1895) 49 Your newe made and vnpractysed soldiours. 1562 A. Brooke Romeus Of Jul. 1416 A wise mans wit vnpractised doth stand him in no steede. 1606 Shaks. Tr. ^ Cr. i. i. 12 But I am .. skillesse as vnpractis’d Infancie. 1672 Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 207 To harden their unpractis’d modesty. 1748 Anson's Voy. iii. viii. 380 Of so little consequence are the most destructive arms in untutored and unpractised hands. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude v. 589 In his youth.. in that raw unpractised time. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 143 The most unpractised eye at once perceived that they were taller., than their successors. 1890 Retrospect Med. Cl I. 109 The unpractised operator is far less likely to do harm with the forceps than with version.

b. Const, in, 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. iii. xx. 131 These are.. altogether unpractis’d in that Civility. 1687 Dryden Hind & P. iii. 614 The latter brood, who just began to fly, Sick-feathered and unpractis’d in the sky. 1759 Hume Hist. England I. 96 Albany.. was totally .. unpractised in their language. 1844 Upton Physioglyphics Pref. p. ii, A person unpractised in authorship. 1900 Longm. Mag. Mar. 466 Supposing that I speak to anyone who is unpractised in the art.

2. Not practised; unemployed, untried. 1540 Commemoration of Inestimable Graces of God B ii, The old prouerbe..is not lefte vnpractised by the sayde Antichrist, c 1584 An Abstract, Certaine Acts Pari, (title-p.), Certaine Canons, Constitutions, and Synodals prouinciall.. for the most part heretofore vnknowen and vnpractized. 1611 Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. ii. i, I.. must try Some yet unpractis’d way to grieve and die. i686 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 184. An unsafe and hetherto unpractised way in procedure. 1753 Hanway Trav. xiv. x. (1762) II. 382 No barbarities were left unpractised. 1848 Akerman Introd. Study Anc. & Mod. Coins v. 90 This description of artifice seems to have been .. unpractised among the Romans.

t b. Untraversed, unfamiliar. Obs. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. i. (1626) 4 Ships..Then plow’d th’ vnpractiz’d bosom of the Flood. 1778 Bp. Lowth Transl. Isaiah Notes 187 A journey.. through desert and unpracticed countries.

Hence un'practisedness. 1628 Earle Microcosm. (Arb.) 61 He ascribes all honestie to an vi^ractis’dnesse in the World. 1672 Flamsteed in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 130 My unpractisedness in such observations at the first essays.

unprag'matical,

a.

(un-* 7.)

1673 Cave Prim. Chr. ii. i. 6 Whoever would govern his life aright must be modest and unpragmatical.

un'praisable, a. [un-* 7 b.] 1. That cannot be praised. 1483 Cath. And. 290/1 Vn Praysabylle, illaudabilis. 1892 A. Lang Lett. Dead Authors 178 Thou splendid warrior with the world at odds. Unpraised, unpraisable, beyond thy merit.

1382 Wyclif Lam. iii. 42 Wee wickeli diden, and to wrathe terreden; therfore thou art vnpreiable [L. inexorabilis].

2. That cannot be uttered as a prayer, rare. 1941 T. S. Eliot Dry Salvages ii. 9 The prayer of the bone on the beach, the unprayable Prayer at the calamitous annunciation.

un'prayed, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Of persons: a. Not entreated or besought; unasked; uninvited. Also with to. C1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 513 Syn hat thow slest so fele .. Ayeins hir wil vnpreyed day and nyghte. Do me.. this seruyse. C1400 Love Bonavent. Mirr. (1908) 116 In that oure lord mekely vnpreide wente bodily to hele the sike seruaunt. c 1440 Gesta Rom. Ixv. 290 (Add. MS.), The lyon, the Ape, and the Serpent, yelded hym mede, because he drew hem out of the pitte vnpraied. 1536 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 407 Whatsoever man.. goeth in to anny such housse.. unpraied or bidden. 1600 Fairfax Tasso XVI. xlv, To my sutors old what I denaid, That gaue I thee ..vnpraid. 1681 H. More in Glanvill's Sadducismus 1. Postscr. 51 The holy Angels .. which .. reinforce the prayers of good and holy men .. unprayed to themselves. 1049 M. Arnold Fragm. of 'Antigone' 5 Who, weighing that life well Fortune presents unpray’d. Declines her ministry,

fb. Not moved by prayer. Obs.~^ 1567 Drant Horace, Ep. Aiiij, If thou wouldest set Achilles oute,.. Let him be swift, chafing, vnprayed, inflamde to vengaunce sone.

2. Not prayed fory without being prayed for. 1533 More Apol. xxviii. Wks. 894/1 Yf they leue nothing vnpraied for that mai perteine to the pacificacion of this diuision. 1703 De Foe More Reform. 50 What Capital offence Could bar thee from the Priests Benevolence, That they.. should.. let thee live unbless’d, unprayed for Die.

un'preach, v. (un-* 3.) 1692 Bp. Stratford Charge, 5 May 22 Can they think, that he does in good earnest believe what he preaches, when he unpreaches the same again in his life? 1701 De Foe Trueborn Eng. ii. 256 The Clergy .. Unpreach’d their Non¬ resisting Cant, and Pray’d To Heaven for Help. 1855 Kingsley Westw. Ho! xviii, To show the white feather in the hour of need, is to unpreach in one minute all that he had been preaching his life long.

un'preached,/>/>/. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1843 Carlyle Past & Pr. iii. xii, This unpreached, inarticulate,.. forever-enduring Gospel.

un'preaching,/)/>/. a. [un-* io.] 1. Omitting or neglecting to preach; characterized by absence of preaching. 1549 Latimer 6th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 167 The deuill.. hath set vppe a state of vnpreachynge prelacye in this Realme... He hath made vnpreachynge prelates. 1585 Abp. Sandys Serm. iii. 60 Woe therefore to the idle and Idol pastor, to the dumme dogge, to the vnpreaching minister’ 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Sculler Wks. iii. 20/1 Who dares say that like a drone or moath. Like an vnpreaching Priest he Hues by Sloath? 1660 Prynne Unbish. Tim. (ed. 2) 95 Idle,

proud, ambicious, unpreaching Prelates. 1732 Neal Hist. Purit. I. 372 There are severe expressions a^inst the unpreaching clergy. 1828 J. T. Rutt Burton's Diary III. 203 Praising that Bishop at the expense of unpreaching prelates. 1850 Marsden Early Purit. iv. 124 Her successor on the throne.. discouraged preaching... We became an un-preaching church.

12. Spec. Not undertaking the duty of preaching; merely reading the services of the Church. Obs. 1574 Whitgift Def. Answ. 482 Bycause a chylde may reade the booke, dothe it therefore mainteyne an vnpreaching ministerie? 1588 J. Vdall Demonstr. Discipline (Arb.) 38 If vnpreaching ministers cannot be made without the manifest breach of the commaundement of God. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxxii. §3 That.. we.. maintaine an vnpreaching ministerie, is neither aduisedly nor truly spoken. 1642 Fuller Holy ^ Prof. St. v. xi. 402 Sacraments received from ignorant and unpreaching Ministers. 1710 H. Bedford Vind. Ch. Eng. 161 There were several unpreaching Ministers, whose.. Business it was to read the publick Prayers.

unpre'earious, a. (un-* 7.) 1712 Blackmore Creation ii. 532 The Stars..grace the high expansion, bright By their own beams, and unprecarious light. 1745 Young Nt. Th. viii. 968 Bliss there is none, but unprecarious bliss. 1843 Tizard Brewing 5 Even were brewing as simple and unprecarious as some are willing to imagine.

unpre'eautioned, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1694 Franck Northern Mem. unprecautioned how to distinguish the frequently encounters the boiling Water.

128 Because Elements,.. she

unpre'ceded, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1846 Worcester (citing J. Johnson). 1884 Law Times 6 Sept. 320/2 Hostile acts unpreceded by declaration of war.

unprece'dental, a. [un-* 7.] = next. 1768 Capt. Cook in Roy. Soc. Archives, Lett. (1908) 18 This, I believe to be the reason for the unpresidental reception we met with here.

un'precedented, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) In frequent use from c 1760. a. 1623 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. loi To forbid the Judges against their Oathes.. is a thing unpresidented in this Kingdom. 1650 Weldon Crt. Jas. I, 37 Which was a strange Judgement, and unpresidented. 1707 Hearne Collect. II. 24 Y« Delegates.. declar’d the D'’’* sentence pronounc’d against him by himself, as Assessor, to be unjust and unpresidented. /S. 1716 Addison Freeholder No. 16 lf5 Nor did the Legislature do any thing in this that was unprecedented. 1743 Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas p. xiv, An audacious and unprecedented Action. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 147 Some startling circumstance..which I was assured was unprecedented. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. §3. 487 A speech of unprecedented boldness.

Hence un'precedentedly adv., -ness. 1678 Marvell Growth Popery 46 There was but one Reason given herein for declining the granting Money, and that is the Unpresidentedness. 1026 T. Tooke Currency 56 The late disastrous, and unprecedentedly numerous failures. 1884 Manch. Exam. 27 Nov. 5/4 The number of students attending was no doubt unprecedentedly great.

unprece'dential, a. [uN-' 7.] = prec. 01700 Evelyn Diary 19 July 1641, It was condemned as unprecedential, and not justifiable. 1846 Worcester (citing Ec. Rev.).

un'precedently,

(un-' ii.)

1748 Richardson Clarissa I. 242 The imaginary prerogative he was so unprecedently fond of asserting.

unpre'cipitable, a. (uN-*7b.) 1782 Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 76 Now this compound of calx of silver, and silver in its metallic form, may well be unprecipitable by iron.

unpre'eipitated, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos, il. App. 314 The aqua fortis preserving none [of the silver] unprecipitated. ipL a. (un-^ 10.) 1602 Carew Cornwall 69 Who (as I conceive) looked heerinto with an indifferent and unprejudicating eye.

un'prejudice. (un-^ 12, 5 b.) rx8oo Coleridge in Sotheby's Sale Catalogue 20 Nov. (1899) 16 Religious Musings, which you will read with a Poets eye, with the same unprejudices. 1871 Lowell Study Wind. 92 Carlyle.. has now been so long before the world that we may feel toward him something of the unprejudice of posterity.

un'prejudiced, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Not affected prejudicially. 1613 Heywood 2 Edward IV, M4b, On whom I vow, Leauing King Lewis vnpreiudizde in peace, To spend the whole measure of my kindled rage.

2. Free from prejudice: mind, eye, etc.

a. Of persons, the

1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 437 Let the un¬ prejudiced reader judge whither [etc.]. 1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 728 To the full Conviction of all Minds Unprejudiced, and Unprepossessed with false Principles. 1710 Steele Spect. No. 4 IP 5, I have the high Satisfaction of beholding all Nature with an unprejudiced Eye. 1794 R. J. SuLiVAN View Nat. II. 72 It is clear to unprejudiced reason, that experiments in philosophy should unremittingly be made. 1842 Borrow Bible in Spain xlix. Surely it is not the

unprelatic, a. [un-* 7.] = next. x88o F. G. Lee Ch. under Q. Eliz. I. 215 In a fierce dispute .. the language uttered and written was both unprelatic and violent. unpre'latical, a. (un-* 7.) X647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iii. §198 The archbishop of York, ..by such Unprelatical, Ignominious Arguments, in plain terms advised him .. to pass that Act. /. a. (un-^ 8.) X591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, i. ii. 88 Aske me what question thou canst possible. And I will answer vnpremeditated. 1619 A. Newman Pleas. Vis. 2 His vnpremeditated words. 1699 Bentley Phal. 237 Both Comedies and Tragedies for some time were unpremeditated and extemporal. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (183^1) II. 444 Those unpremeditated addresses to Heaven called ejaculations. x8x4 Scott Wav. xxvi, The hint.. respecting Flora was not unpremeditated. 1878 Stubbs Const. Hist, xviii. III. 9 The scene in Westminster Hall.. was no unpremeditated pageant. Hence unpre'meditatedness. 1802-X2 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) I. 295 There is no such absolute incompatibility.. between recollectedness and unpremeditatedness. 1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spir. W. 280 The suddenness and unpremeditatedness of Prayer. unpre'meditatedly, adv. (UN-^ ii.) 1776 G. Se.mple Building in Water 4 The cost did not exceed.. 100 guineas, as I had unpremeditatedly mentioned to Mr. Prior. X826 Disraeli V. Grey ii. i. He could unpremeditatedly clothe his conceptions in language characteristic of the style of any particular author. X884 Contemp. Ret\ Feb. 250 There is not one of his writings which does not do for us.. as it were by the way and unpremeditatedly, what [etc.]. t unpre'meditately, adv. Obs. [un-^ 12; cf. UNPREMEDITATE ppl. a.] = preC. X671 F. Philips Reg. Necess. Ep. Ded., Answers not seldom suddainly and unpremeditately given. 1685 Boyle Of High Veneration 1 Divines .. who .. talk of Him and his Attributes as freely and as unpremeditately, as..of a

UNPREPARED Geometrical Figure. /. a. (un-^ 8.) x666 J. Sergeant Let. Thanks 26 To all unprejudic't and unpreoccupated Understandings. unpre'occupied, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) Frequent in recent use (1896 ). [1775 Ash.] 1827 Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1839) IV. 408 Every reader whose imagination supplies an unpreoccupied, unrefracting medium to the Apostolic assertion. 1806 B. Harte Snowbound 193 Lee, the only unpreoccupied .. spirit in the party. tun'preparate, ppl. a. Obs.~^ [un-* 8b.] Unprepared. X576 Turberv. Venerie 224 Let the scamony be unpreparate, the which you shall mingle amongst all those iuyees. unprepa'ration. rare. [un-^ 12, 5 b.] Unpreparedness. 1627 Bp* Hall Holy Observ. §77 Our cowardlinesse, our vnpreparation, is his aduantage. 1646-Balm Gil. 330 Thy unpreparation shall make him dreadfull. X883 Standard 9 Jan. 2 The state of unpreparation may be imagined. unpre'pare, v. rare, [un-^ 3 or un-‘ 14.] 1. trans. To undo the preparation of. X598 Florio, Sparecchiare, to vngamish, to vnprepare, to vndecke. 2. To make unprepared; to unfit. 1645 Milton Tetrach. 36 Nothing more unhallows a man, more unprepares him to the service of God in any duty. X788 Wesley Wks. (1872) VII. 154 No business.. can hinder any man.. unless it be such as unprepares him for heaven. X852 Lever M. Tiernay iii, The gloom of the place .. equally unprepared me for what was to come. unpre'paredt ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Of persons: Not in a state of preparation; not ready (for defence, reply, etc.). 1549 Cheke Hurt Sedit. (1569) G ij b, Although ye thinke your selues able to match with a fewe vnprepared Gentle¬ men, and put them from their houses. X555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 79 where so euer they fownde any of owre men vn¬ prepared, they slewe them. ? 1606 Daniel Funeral Poem Earl Devon. Wks. (1623) ii He brauely came to disappoint his foe. And many times surpris’d him vnprepared. X667 Milton P.L. viii. 197 What is more,.. renders us in things that most concerne Unpractis’d, unprepar’d, and still to seek. 1695 Tryon Dreams i. 3 Such discourses seem very .. extravagant to their unprepared Apprehensions. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. W. iv. We were overtaken by a heavy shower of rain. I was unprepared; but they.. had large coats. x8i8 Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxvii. Lest the truth should shine Too brightly on the unprepared mind. 2849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. V. I. 662 Cornish was arrested.. and was brought altogether unprepared to the bar of the Old Bailey. 2889 Gretton Memory's Harkb. 165 His Lordship requested one of the clergymen .. to preach the sermon. Naturally they one and all declined, as unprepared. absol. a 1643 S. Godolphin Quatrains ii. 11 The unprepar’d this grace do find. Ye cool and do refresh the mind. b. Const, for, or to with inf. 2549 Cheke Hurt Sedit. (1569) Fij, Exeter.. being.. vnfurnished, vnprepared, for so long a siege. 2678 Proph. & Predict. Jas. Usher (Hindley, III) ii Look that you be not found unprepared for it. 2722 Hamilton Wallace viii. (1816) 135 Wallace.. Surpris’d the English, unprepar’d for fight. 2794 S. Williams Hist. Vermont 174 That they might not be wholly unprepared to begin their course. 2829 Scott Leg. Montrose xvii, Being taken by surprise, they were totally unprepared for resistance. 2865 Dickens Mut. Fr. i. XV, I am rather unprepared to see you. c. spec. Not prepared for death. 2594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, iii. ii. 65 ’Tis a vile thii^ to dye,.. When men are vnprepar’d. ci6m Chalkhill Thealma fef Cl. 1215 Death at no time finds goodness unprepared. 2612 Beaum. 8c Fl. Maid's Trag. v. i. Stir not; if thou dost, I’le take thee unprepar’d, thy fears upon thee. That make thy sins look double. 2665 Boyle Occas. Reft. ii. xi. Upon a Death Bed,.. that very Thought might justly prove Dismal to an unprepar’d Man. 1796 Southey of Arc x. (1853) 124 Hurried the confessor To shrive them, lest with unprepared souls They to their death nii^t go. 2846 Mrs. A. Marsh Father Darcy II. xii. 215 The slaughter of hundreds .. of human beings totally unprepared. transf. 2897 B. Camm Benedict. Mart, in Eng. i. 31 Carried off by sudden and unprepared death before the priest could be summoned. t2. Const, of. Not provided with. Obs.^^ 2732 J. Louthian Form of Process (1752) 45 If the Prisoner, through Ignorance, come unprepared of Lawyers. 3. Not made ready; left, introduced, taken, etc., without special preparation. 2595 Shaks. John 11. i. 560 This vnlook'd for vnprepared pompe. a 2752 Bolingbroke Study Hist. ii. (1752) 1.41 The events we are witnesses of.. appear to us very often original, unprepared, single, and un-relative. 2796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla V. 397 Her sight, thus unprepared,.. might be too affecting for his weak frame. 2838 G. F. Graham Mus. Comp. 23/2 Monteverde began to introduce unprepared sevenths and ninths. 2858 Greener Gunnery 376 An ordinary unprepared gun, taken from a number promiscuously. 2874 Pusey Lent. Serm. 8 We take refuge in the thought, that these were not sudden unprepared apostasies.

UNPREPAREDLY

UNPREVENTED

148

unpre'paredly, adv. (un-* ii; cf. prec.) 1^6 Bp. Hall Medtt. & Vows 1. Ivi. 63 If hee die suddainly, yet hee dies not vnpreparedly. 1684 J. Goodman Old Relig. II. vi. 319 It seems far the more pardonable to come, though somewhat unpreparedly, than not to come because of unpreparedness. 1780 S. J. I’ratt Emma Corbett (ed. 4) I. 194 She hath an affecting trick of.. shedding tears, which burst upon one so unpreparedly, that [etc.]. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan II. 134 We are like the young waterfowl,.. launched upon their natural.. element, unpreparedly. 1857 Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. xxxiv. 131 There is such a thing as going into danger with a full knowledge of where the danger lies, and there is doing it blindly and unpreparedly.

unpre'paredness. (un-* 12.) 1627 in Foster Eng. Factories India (1909) III. 169 Any advantage possible to bee taken (by theire unpreparednes). 1640 Habington Edw. IV, 77 There could bee no excuse but in the unpreparednesse of his mind. 1684 [see prec.]. 01716 Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 250 Our Unpreparedness for the Duty will not excuse the Omission of it. 1748 Richardson Clarissa VII. 416 They had, for., his unpreparedness for it [ic. his fate], but too much grounds for apprehension with regard to his future happiness. 1824 Bentham Bk. Fallacies 1843 II. 411/1 Supposing the unpreparedness real, the reasonable and practical inference is—say nothing. 1873 Spencer Stud. Sociol. ix. (1877) 213 The French.. suffered catastrophes from this and other kinds of unpreparedness.

unpre'ponderating, p/)/. a. (un-* io.) 1818 Ranken Hist. France v. i. V. 204 Henry .. proposed to throw his weight into the unpreponderating scale.

unprepo'ssessed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) Boyle Seraph. Love (1659) 15 That with compos’d and unprepossessed thoughts you may judge of the Object, I propose to you. 1659 Sooth Serm. (1679) 72 The Unprepossessed on the one hand, and the well disposed on the other. 1705 Stanhope Paraph. I. 39 The Miracle upon Lazarus .. which put the unprepossessed Multitudes upon celebrating the Glories of this Mighty Prophet. 1768 Sterne Serit. Journ. (1775) I. 67 Being pretty much unprepossessed, there must have been grounds for what struck me the moment I cast my eyes over the parterre. 1818 Foster Ess. (1844) 1. 468 A mind of.. strong intelligence .., entirely unprepossessed with any theory or system. 1648

Hence unprepo'ssessedly adv. 1748 Richardson Clarissa HI. 211 Had she been left unprepossessedly to herself, she would have shewn favour to me.

(6) 1657 Baynes in Burton's Diary (1828) H. 278 There are many things yet unpresented in the Petition. ri732 in A. Thomson T. Boston of Ettrick (1895) 2Si [He] was., scrupulous of anything new or unpresented, until he was thoroughly satisfied 0? its necessity. 1895 Petrie Egypt. Tales Ser. i. Introd. r It is strange that.. the oldest literature .. should yet have remained unpresented to English readers. (r) 1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 25 Feb., I went back to New York unavoidably unpresented [to the President]. 1897 W. C. Hazlitt 4 Generations H. 221 The Queen and the Court,. .their almost affecting solicitude for the health even of the Unpresented.

unpre'servable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1841 E. Forbes in Geikie Mem. x. (1861) 277, I am., drawing all the unpreservable animals.. that fall in my way.

unpre'served» ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1648 Hexham ii, Onbehoeat, Vnpreserved, or Vnsaved. [1775 Ash.] 1859 Atkinson Walks IS Talks 380 As good a day’s fly-fishing as in almost any unpreserved stream in the kingdom.

un'pressed, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. a. Not pressed or squeezed; not subjected to pressure. 1552 Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. X. 123 Thre elnis, thre quarteris, unprest blak. 1606 Shaks. Ant. IS Cl. lii. xiii. 106 Haue I my pillow left vnprest in Rome, ..to be abus’d By one that lookes on Feeders? 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 65 A beastly kind of vnpressed cheese. 1718 Prior Solomon i. 346 Unpress’d their Vintage, and untill’d their Ground. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, The forest-walk, where flowers unprest. Bow not their tall heads. 1812 Cary Dante, Purg. VI. 90 What boots it, that thy reins Justinian’s hand Refitted, if thy saddle be unpressed? 1879 E. Arnold Lt. Asia IV. 90 On our bed there lay An unpressed pillow. 1932 W. Faulkner Light in Aug. xix. 419 A tall, loosejointed man with a constant cob pipe,.. wearing always loose and unpressed dark gray clothes. 1968 T Ironside Fashion Alphabet 96 SoR pleats with edges rounded and left unpressed. 1974 J. Flint Cecil Rhodes (1976) ii. 19 Rhodes was notable for the shabbiness of his unpressed suits. 1977 Lancashire Life Nov. 115/3 {caption) A dress with an intricately seamed bodice falling into unpressed pleats,

b. Not obtained by pressing. 1630 Quarles Div. Poems 309 Our tender Vine Should cheare thy palate with her unprest wine. 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 414 Snails, that creep O’er the ripe Fruitage,. .and unprest (Jyder drink. 1802 Lamb7^. Woodvil iii, Because your poet-born hath an internal wine,.. unpressed in mortal wine-presses.

2. Not pressed into service; unconstrained.

unprepo'ssessing, pp/. a. (un-* io.) 1816 Tlckey Narr. Exped. R. Zaire iii. (i8r8) 108 The faces., were by no means unprepossessing. 1869 Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 154 The marsh used to bear the unprepossessing name of Borboros, or ‘Mud’. 1889 W. S. Gilbert Gondoliers 11. 39 It’s extraordinary what unprepossessing people one can love if one gives one’s mind to it.

unpre'posterous, a. (un-* 7.)

1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Wks. (Grosart) I. 58/2 Our Kings might warre with Tenants of their owne. Who would vnprest haue yet bin prest for shame To follow their Liegeland-lords. 1871 H. King Ovid's Met. xiii. 43 The first to arms who sprang Unpressed, by no informer dragged to war.

fun'prest, (3. Obs. [un-* 7.] Not ready, willing, or well-disposed.

a 1618 Sylvester Elegiac Epistle 79 That Hand alone,.. Un-partiall ever, Un-preposterous; How ever Other it may seem to us.

13.. St. Erkenwolde 285 Nas I a paynym vnpreste I>at neuer thi plite knewe? 1568 T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 131 When Pen is vnprest. And witte wanteth conning thervnto adrest.

unpre'sageful, a. (un-* 7.)

unpre'sumed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1882 Swinburne Tristram of Unwittingly, with unpresageful eyes.

Lyonesse,

etc.

144

un'presbyterated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1650 Jeanes Want of Ch. Govt, (title-p.). Whether or no the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper may., be lawfully administered in an un-Presbyterated Church, that is, a Church destitute of Ruling Elders. 1656 G. Collier Ans. 15 Quest. IO While this church is unpresbyterated.

un'prescient, a. (un-* 7.) 1866 Lytton Lost Tales Miletus, Secret Way 15 Having heard all with not unprescient fears. 1874 Lewes Probl. Life IS Mind I. 229 A blind impulse unprescient of means and end.

unpre'scribed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1642 Bp. Hall Let. from Tower 4, I have grated upon no mans conscience by the pressure., of the late Oath, or any unprescribed Ceremonie. 1690 C. Nesse O. IS N. Test. I. 72 He left nothing unprescribed, that.. mans foolish brain might find no room to foist anything into his service. 1768 R. Wood Ess. Genius Homer (1775) 170 A certain proportion of voluntary attention in one sex, and of unprescribed reserve in the other.

unpre'sentable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1828 Q. Rev. XXXVIII. 204 Another worse evil, the name of which, in his days, was not unpresentable, ‘in prose or rhyme’. 1857 J. G. Wood Objects Sea Shore 55 A pair of snowy white trowsers were covered with the sable fluid, and rendered entirely unpresentable. 1876 T. Hardy Ethelberta xlviii. She still felt so distressed and unpresentable that she resolved not to allow Lord Mountclere to see her.

Hence unpresenta'bility, -ableness. 1862 Rossetti in Fraser's Mag. July 73 For years past it has .. candidly admitted its own unpresentableness. 1882 ‘Sarah Tytler’ Bride's Pass ii, His unpresentability when fresh from some of his functions. 1886 Ruskin Praeterita 1. X. 330 My own shyness and unpresentableness were farther stiffened .. by a patriotic and Protestant conceit.

unpre'sented, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) (a) 1523 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 42 All the trespassers.. have byn permitted to passe unpresented. 1548 in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. App. Q. 57 We also.. advertise you, that for no Favour ye go about to excuse or leave unpresented, those that.. have offended. 1620 Quarles Div. Poems, Feast for Worms ix. ix, No crime unsifted, no sinne unpresented. Can lurke unseene. 1732 J. Louthian Form of Process (1752) 185 You shall present no Person for Hatred, Malice, or Ill-will; nor leave any thing unpresented for Fear, Favour or Affection.

1741 Richardson Pamela 1. p. xx, It adorn’d her with such un-presum’d Increase of Loveliness.

unpre'suming,/>/>/. a. (un-* io.) 1770 Akenside Pleas. Imag. iv. 16 An unpresuming guest. 1779 Moore View of Soc. France, etc. I. 28 Unpresuming in argument, and.. as well bred as those who have no other pretension. 1793 V. Knox Lett, to Yng. Nobleman Wks. 1824 V. 91 To the entire exclusion of modest unpresuming men. 1830 W. L. Bowles Ken I. p. xviii. The descendant of the great though unpresuming Locke. 1866 Liddon Bampton Lect. i. (1875) 7 "The most unpresuming of the titles of the Messiah.

Hence unpre'sumingness. a 1859 De Quincey in H. A. Page Life (1877) II. xix. 199 Two sound qualities are at the root of these unpleasant phenomena—modesty or unpresumingness in the first place.

unpre'sumptuous, a. (un-* 7.) 1704 Arwaker Embassy Heaven xi, Henceforth, I’ll urge my unpresumptuous Prayer. 1784 Cowper Task v. 746 A propriety that none can feel. But who.. Can lift to heaven an unpresumptuous eye. ?i8i3 Lamb Christ's Hospital Wks. 1908 I. 182 The common mass of that unpresumptuous assemblage of boys. 1822 Wordsw. Eccles. Sonn., Concl. 3 The Word . .with unpresumptuous faith explored.

unpre'sumptuously,

(un-* ii.)

1846 Worcester (citing Thacher). 1850 W. Anderson Regener. 262 Such a state of mind .. is sometimes .. attained to unpresumptuously and legitimately.

unpre'tended, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) i6ii Florio, Impretenso, Taylor Gt. Exemp. Disc. xx.

vnpretended. 1649 Jer. §21 It is to be supposed he hath no great account to make for unpretended injuries.

unpre'tending,/>/>/. a. (un-* io.) 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. i. loi Ought they not to be somewhat Frugal, and Unpretending in their Appearance? 1730 Pope Let. in Johnson L.P., Fenton, Feeling himself honest, true, & unpretending to more than was his own. 1795-6 Wordsw. Borderers 11. 933 The unpretending ground we mortals tread. 1827 Scott Chron. Canongate Introd., Mere dignity of mind and rectitude of principle, assisted by unpretending good sense and temper. 1859 J. Lang Wand. India 7 She.. has brought up a large family in the most respectable and unpretending style. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay i. Charmed with the unpretending refinement of her surroundings. 1891 Farrar Darkn. IS Dawn xliv. His house.. was so unpretending as to excite the wonder of those who saw it.

unpre'tendingly, adv. [un-* ii; cf. prec.] 1. Without pretence; genuinely. 1828 Moore in Mem. V. 264 It is impossible for a royal personage to be more naturally and unpretendingly unaffected.

2. Without pretension; unassumingly. 1855 Cdl. Wiseman Fabiola 359 Miriam would follow up, humbly and unpretendingly,.. the instructions given by the holy Dionysius. 1859 W. Collins Q. of Hearts I. iv. 99 These narratives were written plainly and unpretendingly.

unpre'tendingness.

[un-* 12.] pretension; unassumingness.

Absence of

1727 Boyer Diet. Royal 11, Unpretendingness, modestie. 1768 Woman of Honor III. 254 There was in her.. so sweet an unpretendingness.. as astonished and captivated me. 1832 S. Austin tr. Tour Germ. Prince III. xi. 315 She is goodness, cordiality, and unpretendingness itself. 1863 Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. xvii. 427 One of the most agreeable [scenes] in the whole play, by reason of its familiar domestic unpretendingness.

unpre'tentious, a. (un-* 7.) i8S9 E. Fitzgerald in Shorter Borrow IS His Circle (*9*3) 359 They are all perfectly quiet, sensible, and unpretentious girls. 1874 Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 175 Unpretentious village towers. 1887 Spectator 26 Mar. 422/2 The story is quite simple and unpretentious.

Hence unpre'tentiously adv., -ness. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola ix. He wore that fortune.. easily and unpretentiously. 1S67 Sat. Rev. 17 Aug. 228/1 Its entire unpretentiousness of style .. and unimaginative narrative.

un'prettiness. (un-* 12; cf. next.) 1675 S. Sewall Diary 29 Apr., My Father.. goes to live there, notwithstanding the littleness and unpretines of the house. 1753 Richardson Grandison (1781) HI. vii. 49 She says, it is not pretty in a young Lady to sigh: But where is the un-prettiness of it?

un'pretty, a. (un-* 7.) 1782 Mme. D’Arblay Let. 15 Oct., His English is blundering, but not unpretty. 1828 Miss Mitford Village Ser. III. 40 Too refined tor the youths of her own station, and too unpretty to attract those above her. 1856 Susan Warner Hills of Shatemuc xxviii. 308 [She] shewed the white ivory between her not unpretty parted [lips].

Hence un'prettily adv. 1929 W. Faulkner Sartoris ii. vi. 157 She mouthed her food unprettily. 1982 R. Barnard Death IS Princess xiv. 141 The Princess Helena pouted unprettily.

unpre'vailing,/)/)/. a. [un-* io.] 1. Ineffective, unsuccessful. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. ii. 107 King. We pray you throw to earth This vnpreuayling woe, and thinke of vs As of a Father. 1693 Locke Educ. §78 If she had left off sooner.. she had spoil’d the Child for ever, and, by her unprevailing Blows, only confirm’d her Refractoriness. 1716-20 Lett.fr. Mist's Jrnl. (1722) 1. 292 Beauty draws but by a Hair, and that’s but weak and unprevailing. c2i8o6 Horsley Serm. xxvii. (1816) II. 344 The bare unprevailing wish that we were what we necessarily understand we ought to be. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab vii. 248 The unprevailing malice of my Foe.

b. Quasi-arfi;.

Ineffectively, vainly.

1632 Lithgow Trav. vii. 326 We were .. assayled by the Cursares..; yet vnpreuailing, for we were well prouided with good Munition. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam i. xiv, Wile baffled wile, and strength encountered strength. Thus long, but unprevailing.

2. Not prevalent or usual. 1859 Mill Liberty 97 It is only desired to restrain the employment of them against the prevailing opinion: against the unprevailing they may., be used without general disapproval.

un'prevalent, a. (un-* 7.) 1690 Boyle Christian Virtuoso Pref. Ai, The formerly unprevalent Desires of those that would have it appear in Puolic. 1880 Ramsay in Daily News 26 Aug. 5/7 In 1855 the old idea was still not unprevalent.

tunpre'varicate, ' pernicious, by unpulverizing it.

1644 Milton Divorce ii. iii. 41 Nay this is .. to incarnat sin into the unpunishing and well pleas’d will of God.

un'pulverized, ppl. a. (uN-* 8.)

un'punishingly, impunity.

[*775 Ash.] 1839 jClag. Dorn. Earn. IV. 214 A lump of unpulverised magnesia. 1883 Daily News 30 July 4/8 If he took French leave and went off.. leaving .. the Government undetected, the Opposition unpulverised.

un'pumpable,

a. (uN-^yb.) 1831 Disraeli Young Duke iii. xiii, Arundel Dacre was proverbially unpumpable.

un'pumped,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8, 8 c.) 1633 T. James Yoy. 98 The Ship to be left vnpumpt. 1669 Boyle Confm. New Exp. xliv. 154 Air that yet remain’d unpump’d out. 1873 Ruskin Fors Clav. xxxiii. 17 A real

pump in a pump room,.. instead of the unpumped Tweed.

un'punctated,/)/>/. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. I. 247 Spiriferidft... Shell punctated or unpunctated.

adv.

[un-^

11.]

fWith

*499 Promp. Parv. (Pynson), Onponysshingly, impunite.

fun'punishment. 0^5.(un-* 12.) t**555 Philpot eftsoons they be unpunishment. Vnpunishment, or

Writ. (Parker Soc.) 335 Yet hauwtiff with power, riches and

Exam. &

so

1648

Hexham

ii,

Ongestraftheydt

Impunity.

un'purchas(e)able, a. (uN-‘7b.) *611 Florio, Inacquisteuole, vnpurchasable. *792 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 18(1794) 1. 238 T’he unpurchasable beauties and chaste decorations of rural scenery. /. a. (un-* 8.) *574 T • Cartwright Full Declar. a 2 b, *f'hat vnreuenged, and vnpurified shedingc off giltlessc bloud. 1617 Moryson lun.i. 10 Vnpurified siluer as it comes from the Mines. *667 Decay Chr. Piety ii. 37 Our sinful Nation., is indeed now come out [of the furnace], but so unpurified, that [etc.]. /. a. (un-* 8.) 1570 Dee Math. Pref. 15 Of second vnpurposed frutc,.. arrising by Geometrie, *606 Shaks. Ant. & Cl. iv. xiv. 84 Do it at once. Or thvprecedent Seruices are all But accidents vnpurpos’d. *645 Milton Tetrach. 32 The restorement of a freeborn man from an unpurpos’d, and unworthy bondage to a rightfull liberty. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 362 The lonely bard .., when forth he walked, Unpurposed. *885 W. J. Sendall Calverley's Rem. 53 The work which he has left behind him.. is, as to much of it, unpurposed and fragmentary.

tun’purposedly, adv. prec.] Not purposely.

Obs.~^

[un-*

ii; cf.

/. fl. [un-* 8.] fl. Of persons; Unprovided, unfurnished, unsupplied (with something): a. Const, of. a 1300 Cursor M. 5444 ‘Now leue sun ioseph,’ he said, ‘O I>e es [ = am] i noght vnpuruaid’. c 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. 424 (Royal MS.), If t»ou of ane be vn-puruayde. *47* Paston Lett. HI. 4 It is soo that my brother is on purveyed off monye. a *548 Hall Chr on., Edw. IV, 197 You may thinke that kyng Edward was not., so vnpurueyed of counsail, to forsake tnys bcneficiall alliaunce. *596 Spenser F.Q. vii, vi. 14 heauenly crew Of happy wights, now vnpurvaide of light, Were much afraid.

f b. Without const. Also = not provided for. *491 Caxton Vitas Pair. (W. de W. 1495) i. cxlii. 1538/1 I'hat yf I wexed an almes gyuer, god sholde neuer leue me unpurueyed. >387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. iii In pe nyjt.. Englische men.. disperbled and chased pc enemyes unpurveied. f 1425 Orolog. .Sapient, v. in Anglia X. 359/7 Take me not so vnpurveyed fro pis lijte of life, a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1906) 146 I'he .v. maidenes that were folys, that slcpte and were vnpurueyed. 775 Ash.] 1841 J. J. Sylvester in Lond., etc. Phil. Mag. XVIII. 138 The unreciprocal implication of systems of equations.

unre'ciprocated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) i860 Patmore Faithful for Ever 100 This poor, complaining wraith Of unreciprocated faith. 1887 Rider Haggard yeir iv. Nor was the liking unreciprocated.

unre'eited* ppl. a. (un-* 8.) >587 Churchyard Worth. Wales (1876) 10 An act so noble., shall not passe my pen vnresited. 1662 Boyle Examen vi. 72, I have left un-recited several.. undesired Expressions. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 126 Did you .. meet with any adventure .. yet unrecited?

un'recked, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1808 Scott Marm. i. xvii, Unmark’d, at least unreck’d, the taunt. 1862 Ellicot Destiny of Creature i. (1865) 5 These animals.. die unrecked of and unheeded.

un'recking, pp/. a. (un-' io.) 1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy 290 Unrecking of time-woven subtleties. 1873 Mrs. Whitney Other Girls xxx. An utterance of hard unrecking distinctness.

un'reckingness. (un-‘ 12.) 1873 Mrs. Whitney Other Girls xxx, The hard unreckingness was only the reflex of a tenderness quick, not dead.

C1470 Harding Chron. exxit. ii. He then his lawe and peace alwaye proclaymed.. .And so held on to London vnrcclaymed.

b. Not demanded back. 1748 Earl Nugent To Mankind xv'wx. Wise nature mocks th’ wrangling herd; For unreclaim’d, and untransfer’d. Her pow’rs and rights remain.

2. Not reclaimed from error or wrong-doing; not reduced to order or good ways; unreformed. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 11. i. 34 The flash and out-breake of a flery minde, A sauagenes in vnreclaimed bloud of general! assault. 1611 Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. iv. i. 138/1 Their manners vnreclaimed, and barbarisme.., doe witnesse no such ciuiiitie sowen, to bee in that plot. 1757 W. Wilkie ^igon. IX. 281 Yet, unreclaim’d, from such atrocious deeds. To more and worse your desp’rate rage proceeds. 1827 Pollok Course T. ll. 483 In tormenting, pained; Unawed by wrath, by mercy unreclaimed. 1830 Mackintosh Progr. Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 256 They retain whatever was admirable in their unreclaimed state.

3. Untamed; unsubdued. 1618 Latham Falconry Contents, Of the Ostringer, and .. Goshawke compared with other Fowles of the ayre, as they are vnreclaimed and wilde. 1631 Chapman Cssar ^ Pompey Plays 1873 III. 193 Antony: [of Cato]. Vnreclaimed man! 1693 Dryden Ovids Met. xiii. Acis 81 Bullocks, unreclaim’d to bear the Yoke.

4. Uncultivated, wild. 1781 Cowper Expost. 468 This island, ^ot of unreclaim’d rude earth. 1832 Planting 23 (L.U.K.), [Such] unreclaimed lands.. can seldom be prepared as above. 1056 Olmsted Slave States 157 Land of this description.. in its unreclaimed state.

Hence unre'claimedness. 1611 Cotgr., Sauvagete, sauagenesse, wildnesse, unreclaimednesse. 1646 S. Bolton Arraignm. Err. 28 Unreclaimednesse under any sin whatever will bring in errour.

unre'claiming, ppl. a. (un-' io.)

un'reckon, v. (un-^ 3.)

1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. iii. iv. 187 Love Dragged to his altars .. And slain amid men’s unreclaiming tears.

1561 Eden Art Navig. ii. vi, The dayes of the Moone beynge knowen, then unrekenyng or disrekenynge backwarde, we shall knowe the daye. 1598 Florio, Discontare, to vnreckon, to abate in reckoning.

unre'clining,/>p/. a. (un-' io.)

un'reckonable, a. (un-' 7 b.)

unrecog'nition. (un-' 12, 5 b.)

>777 Potter AEschylus, Prom. Bd. 7 Therefore the joyless station of this rock Unsleeping, unreclining, shall thou keep.

1851 Hawthorne Ho. Seven Gables iv. An uncle.. might .. make her the ultimate heiress of his unreckonable riches. 1880 A. Raleigh Way to City 267 It is even more so by unreckonable degrees.

1869 Mrs. Whitney Hitherto ix. Everybody who has a goading ambition has knowledge.. of a cold exasperating unrecognition. 1875 Howells Foregone Concl. (1882) 299 She kept her eyes upon him w’ith a dreamy unrecognition.

im'reckoned, ppl. a. (un-* 8, 8 c. Cf. MDu. ongerekent (Du. ongerekend), MHG. ungerechent (G. ungerechnet), ON. ureiknadr, Sw. ordknad. Da. uregnet.)

un'recognizable, a. (un-' 7 b, 5 b.)

c 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 2462 Na syn pan unrekend sal be. c 1450 Cot>. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 166 Suche a carpynge is unknowe, Onrekenyd in my regne. 1464 Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 161 Afftyr the same rekenynge Keverstonys men .. askyd more wiche was onrekenyd as thei seyd, vj. s. viij. d. 1551 Bp. Gardiner On Sacram. 75 The foure substaunces, whiche this auctor.. numbreth of Christ, might haue bene left vnrekened by tale. 1599 Daniel Musoph. (1601) Aiiij, Who doth touch the tenour of that vaine, Is held but vain; and his vnreckned pen The title but of Leuitie doth gaine. 1628 Gaule Pract. The. (1629) 100 These were his Names, Many and Great; yet is Jesvs (the Name aboue all names) vnreckoned. 1690 Dryden Don Sebastian iii. i. Add that falshood To a long Bill that yet remains unreckon’d. 1875 Lowell Under Old Elm 135 The casual gleanings of unreckoned years. 1879 Baring-Gould Germany II. 283 The theory may be wTong, ..the calculation put out by unreckoned elements.

b. With/or. 1680 C. Nesse Ch. Hist. 4« God left not his cruelty long unreckon’d for. 1894 Mrs. Dyan Man's Keeping (1899) 47 This unreckoned-for encounter.. was a bitter pang.

1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. II. 83 When a number of successive lines can be rendered .. unrecognizable as verse, .. by simply transcribing them as prose. >847 Ld. Lindsay Chr. Art I. p. cxlii, He returned so disfigured .., that he was unrecognisable save by his voice.

Hence unrecognizableness; -ably adv. 1879 Stevenson Trav. Cez ennes 49 The mist had almost unrecognisably exaggerated their forms. 1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spir. W. 303 One of the most recognisable characteristics of life is its unrecognisableness.

un'recognized, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1813 Shelley Q. Mab. vi. 189 Not a thought, ..Nor the events enchaining every will,., pass Unrecognized, or unforeseen by thee. 1861 [Mrs. A. J. Penny] Romance Dull Life xxxvii. 265 She felt she was still in unrecognised disgrace.

un'recognizing, ppl. a. (un-' io.) 577 tr. Bullinger's Decades 438/1 The Iewes..for their vnreclaymeable aiffaunce in the lawe are vtterly reiected. 1^7 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 305 He..faleth into some furious and vnreclaimable euill qualities. 1652 Sclater Cit*. Magistracy (1653) 8, Men,, who are full of savage and unreclaimable desires,

{a) 1733 Watts Philos. Ess. (1734) 127 Our unrecollected and useless Dreams. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid (1827) I. 276 Unrecollected, when occasion comes for recollecting it, it will be tantamount to silence. (6) 1850X H. Newman Diflic. Anglic. 235 Such a soul, so selfish, so unrecollected.

b. Of persons. Also const./rom. a 1656 Bp. Hall Serm. 2 Pet. i. 10 Wks. 1863 V. 681 That dreadful place of torment, which is the unavoidable portion of careless and unreclaimable sinners. 1680 C. Nesse Ch. Hist. 195 He finds her unreclaimable from her idols, a 1716 Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 258 He is not unreconcileable to us until we become unreclaimable. 1717 Fleetwood Burdett's Let. 11 ’Tis the Proceeding of the.. tenderest Fathers.. with their Sons, when so enormously ungracious, wicked, and unreclaimable. absol. 1685 J. Scott Chr. Life ii. iv. §i To pour out the Vials of his Wrath upon the obstinate and unreclaimable.

t2. Untameable, uncontrollable. Obs. 1609 Holland Amm. Marcell. 401 This kind of men so quicke and nimble, so untamed and unreclaimable. 1611 CoTGR., Baeuf 6ran,.. a kind of wild Oxe.. vnreclaimable, and onely good for the shambles.

3. Not liable to be claimed back. >777 Potter JEschylus, Supplicants 107 That we might be permitted here to dwell Free, unreclaimable, inviolate.

Hence unre'claimably adv. 1645 Bp. Hall Peace Maker vii. 57 Those..who doe pertinaciously, and unreclaimably maintaine Doctrines destructive to the foundation of Christian Religion. 1652 Heylyn Cosmogr. in. 106 Unreclamably addicted to their antient Judaism.

unre'claimed, ppl. a. [un-' 8, 5 b.] 1. fa. Not summoned to return. Obs.-'

on Barge 76 The Essingtons had passed

unreco'llected, ppl. a. (un-' 8.)

unreco'mmendable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1830 Miss Mitford Village Ser. iv. 237, 1 should have objected to it. .as being utterly unrecommendable by one rational person to another.

unreco'mmended, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) C1550 Cheke Let. in Athensum 28 Aug. (1909) 237/2, I would rather that you would, unproved and unrecommended, do well. 1704 Moderat. Displ. v, A Notion undefin’d in Vertues Schools, Unrecommended by her sacred Rules. 1792 A. Young Trav. France 190 Unknown and unrecommended at Nice, I expected nothing but what could be shot flying in any town.

un'recompensable, a. [un-' t Incapable of being remedied.

7 b,

5 b.]

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 203b, Surely this offence is..of man vnrecompensable. 1560 Becon New Catech. Wks. 1564 I. 304 Whiche miseryc and wretchednesse was so greate and vnrecompensable, that from it.. no creature.. coulde delyuer me. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1329/1 The heinous and vnrecompensable defamation of the course of iustice.

un'recompensed, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1469 Paston Lett. II. 379 Yif ye any thyng doo..to the pleasir of my Lordes, it will neither be unremembrid nc unrecompensid. 1555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 310 He shall returne..not vnrecompensed with iust rewards. 1581 A.

UNRECOMPTLESS

162

i. 5 Thinkst thou it fit I leaue the maide, and emptie go my wayes Vnrecompenste. 1621 Fletcher Wild Goose Chace iv. iii. Heaven will not see so true a love unrecompenc’d. 01763 Shenstone £■«. Wks. 1777 II. 29 To retire at last unrecompensed.. was beyond all power of resolution. 1822 Lamb Elia 1. Bachelor's CompL, The display of married happiness.. is throughout pure, unrecompensed, unqualified insult. 1840-1 Wordsw. Mem. Tour Italy iii. 10 Yet not unrecompensed are they who learn [etc.]. Hall Iliad

funre'comptless, a. [un-^ 7, 15.] Incapable of being related or reckoned. .*593 Lodge Misc. Pieces (Hunter. Cl.) 14 Fvll fraught with vnrecomptles sweete Of your faire face that stole mine eie.

un'reconcilable, a. Now rare.

(un-‘

7 b, 5 b.)

1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades iv. ii. 574/1 That vnreconcileable and harde hart. 1618 Fenton's Guicciard. (ed. 3) 344 The Pope shewing signes of a person vnreconcileable against Alphonso. 1646 Hammond Tracts 25 Whether it be reconcileable or unreconcileable with a good conscience. 1685 Baxter Paraphr. N.T. 2 Tim. iii. 3 Men that will not live in peace, but are unreconcileable. 01716 [see unreclaimable a. i b]. 1896 Advance (Chicago) 2 Apr. 475/2 Teachings .. absolutely unreconcilable with the teachings of the New Testament.

Hence unreconcilableness; -ably adv.

UNREDEEMED

ppl. a. b]. 1979 Guardian 2 Oct. 10/2 A further entrenchment of unreconstructed union power. 19SX A. Cross Death in Faculty i. 12 The place is pretty much unreconstructed.. an ancient bathroom complete with mahogany bathtub. RECONSTRUCTED

unre'cordable, a. (un-‘ 7 b, 5 b.) 1874 M. Collins Transmier. III. xviii. 271 That delicious unrecordable nonsense which some people fancy can only be talked once in a life-time.

unre'eorded*/)/)/. a.

(un-‘ 8.) 287 Had Salomon neuer beene, or had his fall been vnrecorded. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr^ II. i. §2 Supposing that God had left the matters of Divine revelation unrecorded at all. 1671 Milton P./?. i. 16 Deeds.. in secret done. And unrecorded left through many an Age. 1725 Pope Odyss. iv. 276 Antilochus, a name Not unrecorded in the rolls of fame. 1847 Keble Serm. Pref. p. Ixviii, The more established theory of silent unrecorded Tradition. 1881 P. Brooks Candle of Lord 133 A thousand unrecorded patriots helped to make Washington. *585 Abp. Sandys Serm.

unre'eording,/)p/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1849 Tennyson * You might have won the Poet's name' 7 A life that moves to gracious ends Thro’ troops of unrecording friends.

tunre'counselled,/)/>/. a. Sc. Obs. [un-^ 8.] *533 Bellenden Livy iii. xix. (S.T.S.) H. 26 He declarit him Inemye and as 3it vnreconsellit to J^is man. 1565 Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 407 The said unrecounsalit bluid and inymitie.

un'reconciled^/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8, 5 b.)

1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, ni. ii, 48 Marry this is yet but yong, and may be left To some eares vnrecounted.

tunrecon'ciliable, a. Unreconcilable.

Obs.

[un-^ 7 b, 5 b.]

1589 T. White Serm. Paules Crosse 47 Deuiding his [^c. Christ’s] Bodie by vnreconciliable hatred among our selues. 1606 Shaks. Ant. & CL v. i. 47 Let me lament..that our Starres Vnreconciliable, should diuide our equalnesse to this. 1628 tr. Mathieu’s Pouierf. Favorite 87 From this instant their mindes became vnreconciliable.

tunreconciliate,p/)/. a. Sc. Obs.-' [un-* 8b.] Unreconciled. , Privy Council Scot. IV. 283 Sa lang as the said deidlie feid .. standis unreconsiliat.

unreco'nnoitred, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1899 Westm. Gaz. 13 Dec. 5/1 Country unreconnoitred is unknown in a military sense.

unrecon'structed,

ppl. a. [un-* 8; cf. RECONSTRUCTION I b.j Spec. (orig. U.S.) Not reconciled to the outcome of the American Civil War; hence gen. not reconciled or converted to the current political orthodoxy; unreformed; die-hard. 1867 Harper's Weekly g Nov. 707/2 The Democratic candidates in Maryland are .. of the ‘unreconstructed* kind 1^869 Nation 25 March 221/2 Butler’s Committee on Reconstruction reported in favor of extending.. the time during which an ‘unreconstructed’ Southerner may retain his Government employment. 1877 Longf. in Life (1891) III. 277 A letter from Mr.-, of Washington, a fierce and unreconstructed; rebel. 01936 Kipling Something of Myself (1937) VII. 195 There came., with her married daughter the widow of a Confederate Cavalry leader; both of them were what you might call ‘unreconstructed’ rebels. 1944 Untv. of Chicago Mag. May 6 The young are in increasing numbers, not only in Oklahoma but in much of the vast inland region of our republic, moving to the cities leaving the unreconstructed small towns to their elders and to decay. 1946 J. Planner in New Yorker 9 Mar. 80/1 Nuremberg defense counsel have just offered.. an absolutely first-rate demonstration of the still unreconstructed prewar German mind. 1949 B. A. Botkin Treas. S. Folklore i. i. 4 As the type and symbol of the unreconstructed Southerner’, Donald Davidson selects Lousin Roderick , an idealized Middle Georgia country gentleman, who combines the ‘bearing of an English squire’ with the ‘frontier heartiness’ of A. B. Longstreet’s Georgia keener. What principally distinguishes Cousin Roderick ^om Brother Jonathan’ (the Vermont ‘unreconstructed Yankee who resembles the Georgian in so many ways).. is me fact that he does not work with his own hands. 1962 A. Sampson Anat. of Britain xxx. 480 He and his board have reacted .. to revelations about their monopoly, with the old^shioned sang-froid of unreconstructed businessmen. 1968 Economist t Jan. 34/3 The trial had an even greater impact because of the blunt rebukes hurled at the defendants by Judge Harold Cox, once considered one of the more unreconstructed judges in the South. 1972 R. Plant in Cox & Dyson 20tluCent. Mind II. iv. 91 The major opposition to Roosevelt s New Deal policies in fact came from these unreconstructed laissez-faire liberals who failed to realize that planning was necessary in order to make individual treedom a real possibility for the masses. *973 [see

t unre'cruitible, a. Obs. [un-‘7.] Incapable of getting recruits. 1644 Milton Educ. 7 Their empty and unrecrutible [ed. 1738 unrecruitable] Colonells of twenty men in a company.

un'rectifiable, a. (un-‘ 7 b.) 01678 Stanley Hist. Photos. (1687) ix. 541/2 Such a person must be unlearned, and unrectifiable,

un'rectified, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] 1. Not corrected or amended. 1638 Rider Horace, Odes ill. xiv. You youths,.. Forbeare all languages unrectifi’d. 1662 Hibbert Body Divinity i. 306 Many things were left unrectified, which .. they did not see 1686 Jeffreys in Howell State Trials (1811) XL 591/2 That one mistake in point of law might not go unrectified. 1837 Wordsw. Mem. Tour Italy i. 329 Diligence uninspired. Unrectified, unguided. . By godlike insight. 1895 W. II. Hudson Spencer s Philos. 171 The unrectified egotistic emotions of the dweller in cave and wilderness.

2. Not purified or refined.

Unreconciled.

1650 Vind. Hammond's Addr. iii. §7 The •unreconcileablenesse of those two opinions (the one with the other). C1620 Bp. Hall ContempL, O.T. xv. vii, How much lesse shall the God of mercies bee *unreconcileably displeased with his owne. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. i. ii. (*^55) 6 The minde of man .. will fully and unreconcileably disagree.

CI450 Myrr. our Ladye 152 Wretched were that persone that.. wolde be vnreconcyled and dvsceuered from that holy vnyte. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 872 Dredynge sore the iustyce of god almyght For his fathers demerytes vnreconsyled On hym to fall. 1564 Dorman Proofe Cert. Art. Pelig. 33 b. He .. w’as forced to leaue the two places at a iarre vnreconciled. 1604 Shaks. Oth. v. ii. 27 Any Crime Vnreconcil’d as yet to Heauen, and Grace. 1671 Mrs. Behn Forc'd Marr. i. ii, As those unreconciled to Heaven Would bear the pangs of death. 1711 G. Hickes Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (1847) II- 48 The offering of unreconciled Christians. 1769 Burke Ohs. 'Late St. Nat.' 90 The unreconciled principles of the original discord of parties. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam i. xxvii, He changed from starry shape .. To a dire Snake, with man and beast unreconciled. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets xii. 420 Yet the spirit and the flesh still remained in unreconciled antagonism.

Blackmore Creation v. 240 By unrecruited waste.. His glorious stock long since had been consum’d. 1859 Macm. Mag. ly. 47 Lest the ranks of the ministry should be unrecruited by candidates from this first class of intelligence. 1891 E. Kinglake Australians at Home 107 The ranks of larrikins do not go unrecruited from among the sons of the more respectable poor.

unre'eounted,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8.)

1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos, ii. ii. 36 Unrectified spirit of man’s blood. 1694 Salmon Bate’s Dispens. 144/1 The Oil.. stinks so abominably, that it is scarce possible to be used alone, especially unrectified. 1766 Compl. Farmer s.y. Purging, Unrectified oil of amber. 1840 Hood Kilmansegg, Misery ix. Drops of unrectified spirit distill’d From the limbeck of Pride and Vanity.

unre'eumbent, a. (un-^ 7.)

unre'coverable, a. [un-^ 7 b, 5 b.] 11. That cannot be recovered; completely lost.

1784 CowPER Task V. 29 The cattle.. seem half petrified to sleep In unrecumbent sadness.

14.. Brut 319 3et thilk Northren wynd.. lost good wipoute nombre vnrecouerable. 1448 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) 1. 401 A1 sumes.. bath recouerable and unrecouerable. /)/. a. Obs. [uN-* lo.] Not anticipative; unapprehensive. 1665 J. Sergeant Sure Footing 49 That the Rule of Faith must be apt to justify unreflecting and unredoubting persons., is found most exactly in Tradition.

unre'dressable, a. (un-' 7 b, 5 b.) 1607 S. Collins Serm. (1608) 81 If it had come any later, the euill had beene almost vnredressable. 1665 J. Sergeant Sure Footing 41 That Principle which is the necessary Parent of such ruinous and unredressable disorders. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. Pref. 55 He thereupon grew unredressable and irreconcilable with the whole order.

unre'dressed, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8, 8 c.) 1563 Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 244 All attemptatis committit upoun the subjectis of Scotland and unredressit for. 1590 Spenser F.Q. iv. viii. 41 That vnto death had doen him vnredrest, Had not the noble Prince his readie stroke represt. 1617 Campion Third Bk. of Ayres xvii. ii So may I dye vnredrest. Ere my long loue be possest. 1639 Fuller Holy War ii. xxv. 76 Wearied with aelayes, [he] returned bacK with his grievances unredressed. 1721 Amherst Terrae Fil. No. 6 (1726) 30 The king’s friends remain still unredress’d, and the king’s honour unrepair’d to this day. 1806 Ann. Rev. IV. 886 An important public paper, .which makes many allegations of grievance, still true, and still unredressed. 1877 Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. ix. 230 Wickedness unwarned and WTong unredressed.

unre'duceable, a. (un-' 7 b.) i8si Ruskin Stones Ven. I. p. x, I determined to separate the text and the unreduceable plates.

unre'duced, ppl. a. [un-^ 8.] 11. Sc. Not annulled or repealed.

Obs.

1572-3 Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 185 The saidis first charter and confirmatioun following thairupoun standing unreducit. 1606 [see unquarrelledJ. /. a. [uN-*8b.] Undespoiled.

unre'gardful, a.

1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 291 His dochteris tua .. In tutorie to Cesar that he left. Into thair rycht for to kepe thame vnreft.

unre'fulgent, a.

(un-* 7.) 1879 Stevenson Edinburgh 32 The unrefulgent sun going down.

unre'funding,/)/)/. a.

(un-* 10.) [1727 Boyer Diet. Royal ii, Unrefunding, qui ne rend jamais.] 1744 Yodng Nt. Th. vii. 831 When horror universal shall descend.. On that enormous, unrefunding tomb, How just this verse!

unre'fusable, a.

(un-* 7 b, 5 b.)

1691 Sewel, Onontzeggelyk, Vnrefusable, that which will take no denial. 1704 Norris Ideal World ii. i. 37 Upon this fair and unrefusable supposition. 1843 Carlyle Past & Pr. III. xii, The most unrefusable demand! 1865 Mrs. Whitney Gayworthys xxvi, Skylie..said this with her most

unrefusable expression.

Hence unre'fusably adv. 1710 Norris Chr. Prud. iii. 131 Happiness abstractly considered, which is necessarily and unrefusably lovely.

unre'fused, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1548 in Compl. Scotl. (1872) 242 Because nothyng should be left..of your part vnrefused. 1648 Hexham ii, s.v. Ongeweygert.

unre'fusing,/>p/. a.

(un-* 10.) Sidney Arcadia in. x, Thinking.. that beauty, carefully set forth, wold soone prove a signe of an unrefusing harborough. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 374 What power had those instruments sweete speach, more sweete and ynrefusing conuersation ouer my heart? 1728 Thomson Spring 38 There, unrefusing to the harness’d yoke They lend their Shoulder. />/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1814 Scott Wav. xxxvii, His slumbers were broken and unrefreshing. 1870 Miss Bridgman R. Lynne II. v. irs He tell into a troubled and unrefreshing sleep.

159®

Florio,

(un-* 7.) Inconsiderate, rash, vnregardfull, J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 183

inconsiderate. 1812 Unregardful of the dogs, we awaited the management of the flight. 1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. II. vi. i8a This is design unregardful of facts. 1870 Farrar St. Paul I. 338 The sea which four times wrecked him with its unregardful storms.

unre'garding,/)/>/. a.

(un-* 10.) T. Proctor Triumph of Truth (1866) 5 Who vnregarding of him self, forgets his Parents cares. 1593 Sidney’s Arcadia iii. (1922) II. 52 The debate betwixt Basilius shinnes and the unregarding fourmes. 1660 Jer. Taylor Ductor iii. v. rule 8 §29 Their not complying.. is only then a sin when it is done with unregarding circumstances. 1720 Pope Iliad xx. 202 The lion,.. viewing first his foes with scornful eyes,.. Stalks careless on, with unregarding pride. 1732 J. Whaley Poems 27 Unregarding of his useful Pains, The surly Carter wounds his [xr. a horse’s] stretching Veins. 1851 Kingsley Yeast xvii, His employer., walked before him silent and unregarding. C15SS

unre'generacy. (un-* 12, 5 b; cf. next.) 1622 W. Whately Gods Husb. ii. 118 A man in his vtter vnregeneracy is dead in sinne. 1688 J. Bunyan >rux. Sinner Saved (1886) 49 Paul was the most outrageous of all the apostles, in the time of his unregeneracy. i8x8 G. S. Faber Hors Mosaics II. 293 He derives no benefit from the external sign, remaining still.. in a state of unregeneracy. 1870 Athensum 19 Nov. 652 Ned went to Astley’s in the blackest state of unregeneracy. unre'generate, a.

and sb. (un-* 7, 12, and 5 b.) 1612 T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 12 What properties haue vnregenerate men, which are not more beseeming.. beasts than rnen? 1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 225 No man hath any sign given him.. by w’hich to judge of the unregenerate Elect. air mast raf. Hence t un'rckenly Obs. ai] ran.

unreleased, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

unre'lapsing,/>/>/. a. (un-* 10.) 1740 Cheyne Regimen 27 To .. establish in perpetual and unrelapsing Order and Purity, free and lapsed intelligent Beings. unrelatable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 276 The vn-relatable exquisitenesse of his youth. 1963 Bruner & Olver in J. S. Bruner Beyond Information Given (1974) xx. 361 The lists proceed from near to far items, from easily associated to almost unrelatable elements. 1968 Listener i Aug. 147/3 The relative pronoun hangs in the air, unrelatable to anything in particular. unrelated^ p/>/. a. [un-* 8, 5 b.] 1. Not connected by blood; not akin. /)/. a. (un-’ 8, 8 c.) 1626 Bp. Hall Contempl., O. T. xxi. iii, To continue those [taxes] he found unrepined at.

unre'pining,/)/)/. a. (un-’ 10.) 1637 Bp. Hall Rem. Prophaneness ii. §ii (1662) 80 What unrepining subjection to the rod? 1654 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. i r8 That I may be able to keepe him in the present free and unrepyning humor. 1739 (3lover Hosier's Ghost 65 Unrepining at thy glory. Thy successful arms we hail. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxix, She would sit up. .to nurse me with the most unrepining patience. 1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. 402 She endured all unrepining.

Hence unre'piningly adv. 1626 WoTTON Let. in Rem. (1651) 507 His indisputable will must be done, and unrepiningly received by his own Creatures. 1748 Richardson Clarissa II. 237 [As] the will of Providence.. leads, let me patiently and unrepiningly follow. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U.S. I. ix. 277 He unrepiningly went to meet impoverishment.. for the welfare of Massachusetts.

unre'placeable, a. (un-’ 7 b, sb.) 1801 Southey Lett. (1856) I. 153 Humphry Davy is an unreplaceable companion. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. XX. §41 The head of the Lake of Geneva being., unreplaceable if destroyed. 1894 Blackw. Mag. Oct. 463 He was, like Napoleon, unreplaceable.

unre'placed, ppl. a. (un-’ 8.) 1883 Ld. Lytton Life & Lett. Lytton II. 36 There is a charm in sympathetic female companionship unapproached, and unreplaced, by any friendship.

unre'plenished,/>/)/. a. (un-’ 8.) 1562 Bacon in D’Ewes Jtnl. (1682) 60/1 Few came to Service, and the Church so [was] unreplenished. 1614 Gorges Lucan vii. 280 The townes are vnreplenished. The champian vninhabited. 1660 Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. xvii. 126 Some Air., kept the Mercury out of the unreplenish’d space. 1817 Shelley Pr. Athan. i. 59 Though his life.. Was failing like an unreplenished stream. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. 478 Gradually the unreplenished piles burnt out.

t unre'pliable,

a.

Obs.

[un-'

yb,

5 b.]

Unanswerable. 1653 R. Baillie Dissuas. Vind. (1655) i Arguments of no lesse than steel, and that unsheathed and shining, evident and unrepliable. 1663 Griffith Serm. Four Admirable Beasts 23 His wise, unreprovable and unrepliable answers 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. II. To Rdr. 41 The unreplyable A[rch]b[ishop] Tenison’s Tract of Idolatry.

tunre'pliably, oiff. Obs. (un-’ ii.) 1648 N. Homes in J. Cotton Congregat. Ch. Cleared A 2, You will meet with .. divers precious Saints.. evidently and unrepliablely vindicated. 1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. Pref. 34 Topicks.. answer’d unrepliably innumerable times.

unre'plied,/>/)/. a. (un-’ 8, 8 c.) 1825 Scott Talism. vii. The Scottish barons.. were not men to bear his scorn unobserved or unreplied to. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro' M. xviii. Three [letters] of hers had been left unreplied to!

unre'plying,/)/)/. a. (un-’ 10.) *79* CowPER Iliad v. 817 He spake; but Hector unreplying pass’d Impetuous. 1812 Cary Dante, Parad. i. 126 Oft-times, but ill accords the form To the design of art, through sluggishness Of unreplying matter. 1892 Pall Mall G. 16 Apr. 7/r The voiceless lips of the unreplying dead.

unre'portable, a. (un-’ 7 b, 5 b.) 161X Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. §37 Which brought.. his Kingdome to yn-reportable calamities. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Europe iii. 124 A volley of unreportable language from the Chamouni guides. 1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 208/1

Stirring stories some of them, but as unrcportable as the.. metaphors in W’hich they were portrayed.

unre’ported,/>/)/. a. (un-’ 8.) 1622 Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 284 I'his finesse of Siluer hid and vnreported in the bullion. 1808 Mitford Hist. Greece III. 65 On some turn in the popular mind,.. unreported by antient writers, they were imprisoned. 1850 Thackeray Pendennis Ixii, In consequence of that unreported conversation. 2884 Marshall's Tennis Cuts 21 Some unreported club or local handicap.

unre'posedt/>p/. o. (un-’ 8.) 1827 Pollok Course T. vii. 581 Great Ocean! strongest of creation’s sons, unreposed, untired.

unre'posefuL a. (un-’ 7.) 1883 Fortn. Rev. July 118 The passions, and the foible of that unreposeful time.

unre'posing,/)/)/. a. (un-‘ io.) 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam ii. i. The murmur of the unreposing brooks. 1862 Milman Mem. Macaulay 19 The ballad[’8].. whole excellence is in .. unreposing, unflagging, vigorous, stirring life.

unrepre'hended, ppl. a. (un-’ 8.) 01614 Donne BtaBavaTos (1644) 195 Some of the Patriarches lived unr^rehended in Polygamie. *739 R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 40 Unreprehended there, supine, you lie.

unrepre'sentable, a. (un-’ 7 b, 5 b.) 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 20/2 Unrepresentable by any kind of musical instrument at present known. 1850 H. Bushnell God in Christ 156 The Unapproachable, and, as far as all measures of.. conception are concerned, the Unrepresentable God.

unrepre'sentative, a. (un-’ 7.) 1832 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Administr. (1837) II. 236 An unrepresentative House of Representation. 1884 Pall Mall G. 18 July 10/2 An irresponsible and unrepresentative House of Lords.

Hence unrepre'sentativeness. 1958 A. Toynbee East to West 221 This unrepresentativeness of the capital is one of its generic defects. 1980 Butler & Pinto-Duschinsky in Z. LaytonHenry Conservative Party Politics viii. 198 Does Conservative unrepresentativeness harm the party in other ways?

unrepre'sented, ppl. a. [un-’ 8.] 1. Not represented by a member legislative body.

of

a

Jedburgh Town Council Records 29 Sept. (MS.), That the Burgh may not be unrepresented by Magistrates, Councillors and others. C1778 Conquerors 13 No subjects can be tax’d unrepresented. 1787 Hawkins Life Johnson 502 The far greater number of the subjects of England.. are unrepresented in parliament. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. L 135 Very few unrepresented towns had yet grown into importance. 1884 Manch. Exam. 10 Sept. 5/3 The county.. would [not] be indifferent to the claims of the unrepresented two millions.

2. Not represented by an instance, individual, etc. 1854 Poultry Chron. I. 350/2, 13 classes.. were entirely unrepresented in the entries! 1885 Mag. of Art June 350 The exhibition at the Grosvenor Gallery, with Mr. Whistler at SuflFolk Street, Mr. Burne Jones unrepresented,.. is [etc.].

3. Not yet produced upon the stage. 1888 Daily Telegr. 13 Feb. (Encycl. Diet.), A single performance of hitherto unrepresented works.

t unre'pressable, Irrepressible.

a.

Obs.

[un-*

7 b.]

1607 Markham Cavel. n. 95 Diuers horses..bee so vnrepressable in the violence of their furies, that [etc.].

unre'pressed, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1583 G0L.DING Calvin on Deut. n\xv. 211 His bearing with such blasphemie so as it hath full scope vnrepressed. 2803 Eugenia de Acton Ess. I. 82 The fervour of a youthful mind,.. if unrepressed by the precepts of.. prudence. 1830 Tennyson Arab. Nts. 74 Life, anguish, death, immortal love, Ceasing not, mingled, unrepress’d. 1861 Trench Comm. Ep. Churches Asia 50 Every disorder.. which has remained unrepressed.

unre’pressible, a. [un-* 7, 5 b.] Irrepressible. 1804 Eugenia de Acton Tale without Title II. 158. 1846 Worcester (citing Dr. Barton).

unre’prievable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1593 ^^ashe Christ's T. 36 b, The best remedy of thyne vnrepriueable peruerse destiny was death. 1595 Shaks.^oAr V. vii. 48 There the poyson Is, as a fiend, confin’d to tyrannize. On vnrepreeuable condemned blood. 01625 Fletcher Elder Brother 11. i, I'hou unreprieveable Dunce! .. dost thou tell me I should?

Hence unre'prievably adv. 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. Ded., Vnrepriuebly perisheth that booke whatsoeuer to wast paper, which [etc.]. 1596Saffron Walden Fij, His bedred stuffe..else would haue laine vnrepriuably spittled at the Chandlers.

unre'prieved, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1667 Milton P.L. ii. 185 There to converse with everlasting groans. Unrespited, unpitied, unrepreevd. 1735 Somerville Chace iii. 213 But unrepriev’d he [rc. a captive fox] dies. 1820 Shelley Prorneth. Unb. 1. 423 The slow years Which thou must spend in torture, unreprieved.

unre'printed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1872 W, Minto Eng. Lit. i. i. 82 One of his unreprinted papers. 1885 Athena-um 5 Sept. 305/3 It was.. intended to confine it to unreprinted pieces.

UNREPROACHABLE

UNRESERVED

169

t unre'proachable, a. Obs. (un-‘ 7 b, 5 b.)

April 450 The importation of uneducated, un-American, un-republican workmen. Atlantic Monthly

1603 Holland Plutarch's Mor. 244 The purenesse of our life and innocencic unreprochable. 1625 Donne Serm. (1626) 40 These bills must be well testified, with vnreproachablc witnesses. 01711 Ken Hymn. Poet. Wks. 1721 H. 143 Whether God hears the Pray’rs of Saints or not, . .God unreproachable remains. 1737 Josephus, Hist. 1. ix. §4 An unreproachable w itness. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. xxii. 347 Where the defendant bore a fair and unreproachable character.

unre'proached, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1648 Etkon Bas. viii. 49 Sir John Hotham unreproached, unthreatned, uncursed by any language or secret imprecation of Mine. 1753 Foote Englishm. in Paris ii, Full fifteen years, in wedlock’s sacred bands, have I liv’d unrcproach’d. 01812 Buckminster Serm. (1827) 262 He passed through the world unreproached. He now sees, that his innocence.. was unreproached, because unknown or despised.

unre'proachful, a. (un-* 7.) />/. a. (un-* io, sd.)

1576 R. Peterson G. della Casa's Galateo 6o To offer aduyse vnrequested. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxxiv. 634 How vnindifferent are these people, which will needes both beleeue and be beleeued of all men without witnesse and vnrequested [F. sans enqueste]. 1609 W’. M. Man in Moon G 4 b. How hee would .. proffer, vnrequested, many seruile ceremonies. 1641 Earl Monm. tr. BiondVs Civil Warres v. 93 Though unrequested on Henries behalfe, the soveraigntie of France was demanded on Charles. 1709 Mrs. Centlivre Gamester iv, Valere has.. exposed my unrequested bounty, o 1768 Secker 5crm. (1771) V. vii. 136 Without this no Person would have., more Assistance in Distress from his Neighbour, than .. unrequested Goodness [would] incline him to bestow.

1598 Florio, Dissimile,.. vnlike, vnresembling. 1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. i. viii. 383 He had once seene some features not vnresembling his. 1683 Dryden Ded. to Plutarch's Lives 26 Malice will make a picture more unresembling than ignorance. 1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero's De Finibus iv. 262 Some of your Unresembling Similitudes! 1799 Lamb Let. to Southey 2 March, Following, at

unre'quired, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Of persons: Not requested or asked; without being asked. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy l. 2405 But more frely, with herte ful entere, Liste vnrequered on my wo to rewe. 1514 Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshman (Percy Soc.) 13 And unrequyred presentynge them, sayde she, O Lorde, these also my veray chyldren be! 1561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer 11. (1577) H vj b, They .. that rashly before a greate man enter into talk vnrequired. 1594 T. Bedingfield tr. Machiavelli's Florentine Hist. (1595) 172 Many times also vnrequired he did lend to those Gentlemen. 1634 Bp. Hall Contempt., N. T. iv. xxxii. 266 So free, that he shall willingly undergoe it, when it is laid upon him; not so free as that he shall lay it upon himselfe, unrequired. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) HI. 13 How artfully does he (unrequired) promise to observe the conditions?

2. Of things: Unasked for, unsought; not demanded or called for. C1510 Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) Gv, Desire thou none office nor cure... Jf it unrequired be geuen vnto thee... do not the same despise. 1559 in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IH. 396 As I have found this your good mind unrequired,.. I am bold to desire you.. to continue in the same. 1687 Boyle Mar/yrtf. Theodora x. 179 A young Lady, in whose Sex, Courage is.. an unrequired, if not an altogether improper, Vertue. 1818 Scott Rob Roy xxxix. His unrequired presence prevented me from speaking freely to Syddall.

3. Not requisite; unnecessary. 1847 C. Bronte7- Eyre xxxv, He would make me sensible that it was a superfluity, unrequited by him. 1849 Eastwick Dry Leaves 163 The caution was unrequited.

un'requisite, a. (uN-* 7, 5 b.) 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. ni. xi. §i6 Much may be requisite which the scripture teacheth not, and much which it hath taught, become vnrequisite. 1603 J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos W'ks. (Grosart) I. 31/2 Too full Of fearefull thoughts, and cares vnrequisit. 1621 in Foster Eng. Factories Ind. I. (1906) 270 It is nott unrequizite that some Englishman accompanv the goods. 1817 Keatinge Trav. I. 278 Without allowing tKe meats to cool by unrequisite delay.

unre'proving,/)/)/. a. (un-* io.)

unre'quitable, a. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.) 1584 W. Warner Syrinx (1597) Oj, Vnrequitable are the duties, wherein we are.. indebted to our Mothers. 1617 Donne Serm. Wks. 1839 VI. 3 There are persons which are unrequitable, though tney be believed to loue. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xxi. 269 An unrequitable evil may ensue. 1683 Kennett Erasm. on Folly 17 An unrequitable obligation.

1878 N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 13 Erasmus’s description of what he calls the unrcpublican bird [re. the eagle]. 1885

1865 Mrs. W’hitney Gayworthys xxx. Old love sleeps, if it do not die. It has., its pains and its unrequital. 1867 Spectator 6 .'^pr. 386 Glorious in their unrequital.

[1775 Ash.] 1846 Worcester (citing Ec. Rev.).

unre'puted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

1748 r HOMSON Cast. Indol. 1. xxviii, Here dwells kind ease, and unreprovingjoy. a 1850 Mrs. Browning Woman's Shortcomings ii. She.. Hears bold words, unreproving.

unre'publican, a. (un-* 7.)

unre'quital. (un-* 12, 5 b.)

1653 F. G. tr. Scuderi's Artamenes (1655) IV. vii. iii. 191 One and the same Passion produced in them effects very unresemblant.

unresembling distance, Sterne, and greater Cervantes.

Hence unre'semblingly adv. 1662 Ormonde in Carte Life (1735) HI. 23, I have the honour, how unworthily and how unresembiingly soever, to represent the Majesty of my Great Master. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refi. 1. i. 162 Not unresembiingly deals God with us.

unre'sented,/)/>/. a. (un-* 8.) 1705 Vanbrugh Mistake iii. i. You must not think so daring an affront to my family can go long unresented. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 99 If7 One may tell another he.. Drinks, Blasphemes, and it may pass unresented. 1748 Richardson Clarissa VII. 47 It is still a worse imputation, that she should pass over so mortal an injury unresented. 1811 Miss L. M. Hawkins C'tess ^ Gertr. 239 He had suffered to pass, unnoticed and unresented, her former illhumor. 1886 A. Weir Hist. Basis Mod. Europe iii. 1 is To suffer unresented the contemptuous demeanour of his unprofitable superiors.

unre'sentful, a. (un-* 7.) 1773 Melmoth tr. Cato (1777) I. 252 The same philosophers, who contended for this innoxious and unresentful character of the Deity. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude V. 414 A race of real children;.. Not unresentful where selfjustified. 1862 ‘Shirley’ (J. Skelton) Nugae Crit. x. 441 He bore the pang., with proud confidence and unresentful regret.

Hence unre'sentfully adv., -fulness. 1862 Lowell Biglow P. Ser. ii. Poet. W’ks. (1912) 320 Good-nature .. becomes a positive crime when it leads us to look unresentfully on peculation. 1899 G. Tyrrell in Petre Life (1912) H. 16 Abounding in sympathy, unresentfulness, .. loyalty, fidelity.

unre'senting,/>/>/. a. (un-*

io.)

1716 Collier tr. Gregory of Nazianzus 57 ’Twas this [patience] which made.. Stephen unresenting when ston’d ‘to deaths 1759 Sterne Tr. Shandy ii. xii, But to hurt a brother of such gentle manners,— ..so unresenting;—'tis base. 1810 Coleridge Friend 358 To remain in nominal Peace and unresenting Passiveness with an insolent neighbour. 1861 Geo. Eliot Silas M. iii, Godfrey .. left the room, followed humbly by the unresenting Snun.

unre'serve. frankness.

[un-* 12.]

Absence of reserve;

1751 J. Duncombe in Richardson's Corr. (1804) II. 273 He has rather more openness and unreserve than his brother. 1777 W’raxall Court of Berlin (1799) I. 92, I was as much penetrated with her condescension and unreserve, as I was charmed by her..love of knowledge. 1826 Disraeli Viv. Grey v. xi, ‘May I really speak with freedom?’.. ‘W’ith the most perfect unreserve and confidence,’ answered Vivian. 1862 Lytton Str. Story I. 80 You have done well to confide in me with so generous an unreserve.

unre'served, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Unrestricted, unlimited, absolute. *539 Hkn. viii in Wyatt’s Wks. (1816) H. 498 He will send to my Lady Regent.. full and unreserved power.. to..

UNRESERVEDLY conclude the same upon reasonable conditions. p/. a. [un-* 8, 5 b.] 1. Not resisted; not meeting with resistance firresistible. 1526 Pilgr. Per/. (W. de W. 1531) 66b, Leest perauentur other herynge theyr infamy vnresysted, despyse theyr hoi prechynge. c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Psalm Lxxi, ii, Shot thy unresisted power. Working now thy wonted will. 159 bHAKS. Lucr. 282 As come ore-growne by weedes: s ^edfull feare Is almost choakt by vnresisted lust. ei tak, vnkynd wan pei han tane. ou art my takar, pat malicius prikkyngis of my fraward enmys me make not vnrestfull. 3. Marked by absence of rest or quiet. 14.. Rule Syon Monast. liii. in Collect. Topogr. (1834) I. 31 Suche as gretly rowte or make any unrestful noyse in ther sleppe.. schal be purveyd a nother place, wher they may slepe withoute unrestyng of other, c 1445 Pecock Donet 94 J?ou3 al t>is li^Be .. labonose, vnrestful. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 242 The bedde of a persone beeyng in greate debte is an unrestefull thyng. 1548 Bodrugan Epit. King's Title (1873) 254 What properties procedeth of warre, but outragious costes,.. consumyng anger, vnrestfull quietness. 1600 Look About You i. A 2, If drousie age keepe not thy stiffened ioyntes On thy vnrestfull bed. 1884 Pall Mall G. 9 Dec. 11/2 There is on every face a craving, unrestful expression. Hence un'restfully adv. 1483 Cath. Angl. 305/1 Vn BGS\.{\x\\y,jnquiete,jnoportune. un'restfulness. (un-' 12; cf. prec.) 1382 Wyclif Luke xi. 8 If he schal contynue knockynge, ..for his vnrestefulnesse he schal rise, and 3yue to hym. c 1450 tr. De Imitatione iii. xxxiii. 102 Of inordinate loue.. growij? all unrestfulnes of herte. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) II. 234 b/2 The holy fader.. axed hym.yf.. he sholde praye god for hym; that he wolde releue hym from this unrestfulnesse. C1557 Abp. Parker Ps. Iv. 157, I would me flitche.. to wildernes: More there to dwell, than here wyth such in such unrestfulnes. 1579 E. K. Gloss, to Spenser's Sheph. Cal. March (Emblem), Loue.. vexeth the body .. with vnrestfulnesse all night. un'resting, vbl. sb. ? Obs. [f. unrest v., or un-* 8.] The depriving of rest. X4.. [see unrestful a. 3]. 1615 T. Adams Blacke Devill 9 Well; gone he is out of this Man; and we must therein consider., i. His vnroosting. 2. His vnresting. [Hence in 1670 Eachard Cont. Clergy 68.] un'resting,/}/)/. a. (un-‘ io.) 1582 Stanyhurst JEneis iv. (Arb.) 114 The poore vnresting Dido could catch no such happye Season too be quiet. 1604 A. Scoloker Daiphantus r 4 The wandring soule Seeking for rest in his vnresting spirit. /)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1766 Smollett Trav. xvii, His military power and unrestricted authority. 1785 H. Walpole Mod. Gardening Wks. 1798 II. 537 They extended their branches unrestricted. 1807 Wordsw. White Doe iv. 60 Happy as others of her kind. That.. Range unrestricted as the wind. 1854 Rohner Mus. Composition iii. 197 Unrestricted Canon IS founded upon a melodic subject which [etc.]. 1884

Oct. 525 The unrestricted intermeddling of

the State.

Hence unre'strictedly adv.; -'strictedness. 1844 W. H. Maxwell Wand. Highl. I. 195 To him, every discovery.. is unrestrictedly unfolded. 1846 G. S. Faber Lett. Tractar. Secess. 42 The unrestrictedness of his own liberty and power. 1861 Whyte Melville Good for Nothing I. 293 A process.. that the weaker sex seldom leave unrestrictedly to their servants.

1817 H. T. Colebrooke Algebra, etc. 329 The fore^ing rule.. is unrestrictive. 1863 Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. XX. 504 Temperament, un-restrictive teaching, and a desire to amend.

un'resty, a. Obs. exc. Sc. dial, [un-* 4, 7. Cf. WFris. on-, unrestich, MDu. onrustich (Du. onrustig), MLG. unrust-, unrostich.] Unquiet; full of unrest. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxl. 10 Kepe me fra lettyngis of vnristy men. C1374 Chaucer Troylus v. 1355, I dar not pleyne more. But humbely.. Yow wryte ich myne vnresty sorwes sore. C1412 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 116 Boote fonde I non In myn vnresty bed lenger to lye. ? a 1500 Lydgate's Ballad in Thynne Chaucer (1530) 374/2 Unto vnresty bothe rest and remedye Fruteful to al tho that in her assye. 1606 S. Gardiner Bk. Angling 137 Worldly cares maketh a man very vnrestie with himself.

unre'sultive, a. (un-^ 7.) 1833 Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound 451, I discern An empty wish,—and unresultive work.

unre'tained,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1822 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 720 The taste for unconnected, and for that reason unretained single thoughts.

unre'taliated, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1683 Tryon Way to Health 630 Men.. turn the natural use of things into Wantonness, which cannot pass unretaliated. 1805 Foster Ess. (1806) I. 62 The overawed timidity and unretaliated injuries of the unfortunate beings within his power. 1831 Scott Cast. Dang, xix, Obliged to submit to national insults, unretaliated and un-revenged.

unre'tarded,/>/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) 1615 T. Adams Lycanthropy 7 What Paul speakes of his unretarded execution of Christs message. 1636 B. Jonson Discov. Wks. (Rtldg.) 747/1 Which they will utter unretarded without any shamefastness. 1793 V. Knox Let. to Yng. Nobleman Wks. 1824 V. 109 Then go on in your virtuous progress, unretarded by those .. who laugh at your virtuous solicitude. 1820 E. Kean in gth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. 488/2 Friends such as will come uninvited, [and] go unretarded.

rare-K

[un-^ 8 c.]

(un-* ii.)

1844 Mrs. Browning Cry of Children 14s They.. Are worn as if with age, yet unretrievingly The harvest of its memories cannot reap.

un'retrograde, a. (un-^ 7.) 1817 Malthus Popul. (ed. 5) II. 231 A regular and unretrograde increase.

un'retted,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8.)

unre'strictive, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.)

un'retched, ppl. a. stretched out.

unre'trievingly,

Not

1674 N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 33 When our Author tells us.. of a now longer than Ages, and a being unretcht out.

unre'tentive, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) 1748 Chesterf. Lett. (1774) I. 336 Discovering to them such an unretentive weakness as must convince them that you will tell it to twenty others. 1782 Baker Biog. Dramatica I. 238/2 So unretentive was his memory. 1825 Coleridge Aids Reft. 363 You are not so unretentive a Scholar as to have forgotten the pateris et auro of your Virgil. 1851 [J. B. Hume] Poems Early Years 165 What further may have chanc’d my sleepy brain, In unretentive dulness, noted not.

1839 Ure Diet. Arts 490 Unretted flax. 1856 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 379 Either green or unretted straw.

unre'turnable, a. [un- 7 b, 5 b.] 11. Admitting of no return. Obs. ChiefW as a rendering of L. irremeabilis. 1513 Douglas JEneid vi. i. 60 The naimeouth hous, that Laborinthus hait. Full of wrinkillit vnreturnable dissait. Ibid. vii. 4 The fludis bank.., Quhais passage is vnreturnable went. i6xi Cotgr., Irremeable, vnreturnable, or, from which one cannot goe backe. 1648 Hexham ii, Onwederkeerlick, vnreturnable [Kil. irremeabilis].

2. Incapable of being returned. 1740 Richardson Pamela (1741) II. 343, I am even oppress’d with unreturnable Obligations. 1788 Mrs. Hughes Henry ^ Isabella HI. 151 The unexpected, and as he esteemed it, unreturnable proof of friendship he had given him. i795 7emimo II. 195 Having such unreturnable benefits to thank him for. 1884 Marshall's Tennis Cuts 114 He can .. place it in the opposite corner at such a pace that the stroke is practically unreturnable.

Hence unre’turnably adv. 15*3 Douglas JEneid v. x. 81 Laborynthus.. a thousand slychtis wrocht, For to dissave all wncouth tharin brocht. To wavir and er thar wnreturnably. 1788 Mrs. Hughes Henry Isabella II. 72 Where there is a certain equality.. of advantages, so as to leave neither parties unreturnably obliged to the other.

unre'turned,/>/)/. a. [un-^ 8.] 1. Not having returned or come back. 1589 Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 428 The Chancellair.. being yit unreturned oute of Lauder. 1600 Fairfax Tasso XV. xxvi. They whom storme hath forced that way sence. Are drowned all, or vnreturn’d from thence. 1802 Noble Wanderers I. 131 Selisme was still unretumed:—..my suspicions gained strength. 1885 W. Watson Sonn., Soudanese 13 Thousands that weep their warriors unreturn’d.

2. That is not reciprocated or responded to. a 1643 S. Godolphin Constancy i, Love unreturn’d, howe’er the flame Seem great and pure, may [etc.]. 1710 Addison Tatter No. 250 jf 10 Supercilious Looks, unreturned Smiles. 1766 Goldsm. Hermit xvii. Dost thou .. grieve for friendship unretumed? 1820 Scott Monast. xx, I .. will brook no insult unreturned. 1896 McClure's Mag. VI. 492 The proud and unreturned gaze of the dead who have died in their glory.

unre'turning,/»/)/. a. (un-^ 10.) a 1628 F. Grevil Sidney (1652) 159 Yet these unretuming steps seemed well worth the observing. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. III. xxvii, And Ardennes.. Grieving.. Over the unreturning brave. 1856 Whittier Panorama 507 Ghosts of unreturning sails. 1897 Outing XXIX. 440/2 We grew weary of waiting for the unreturning hounds.

unre'turningly, adv. (un-* ii; cf. prec.) 1818 Shelley Rosal. & Helen 668 Like a vile weed Which the sea casts unreturningly. 1845-6 Trench Huls. Lect. Ser. II. ii. 175 That sepulchre, to which it had seen its sons., unreturningly descend.

unre'vealable, a. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.) un'retinued, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 378 To be left Forlorn unto herself she seemeth, aye, Un-retinued.

unre'tired, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1648 Hexham ii, Ongeweken, Vnretyred, or Vnretreated. 1766 W. Gordon Gen. Counting-ho. 36 Bills unretired at the dates they are payable.

unre'torted, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1618 Barnevelt's Apol. Ded. A 4 Else I shrewdly feare, lest many.. fall away to that side, where we are assaulted with vnretorted weapons.

unre'touched, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1880 Swinburne Stud. Shakes. 218 Possibly we have a survival of some lines’ length, not unretouched by Fletcher.

unre'tractable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1627 Jackson Creed vi. x. §i That God., did set the course of nature a-going with an irresistible and unretractable swinge. 1900 Omond Romantic Triumph 276 An unretractable gift to France.

unre'tracted,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) 1646 Hammond Tracts 27 Any such act of sin unretracted by repentance. 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. ii. 66 Malevolence shewn .. in a single Outrage unretracted. 1739 Wks. Learned I. 73 Content to leave the Calumnies of Fatalism and Spinozism unretracted. 1834 Mackintosh Revolution of 1688 ix. 257 To consider the silence of the King as a virtual assent to their unretracted condition. 1855 Milman Laf Chr. xiv. iv. VI. 502 The monkish Latin satire maintained its unretracted protest against the Church.

unre'treating, p/)/. a. (un-^ 10.) 1791 CowpER Iliad V. 590 The powers of Troy., the Grecians dense Expected, unretreating, void of fear. 1858 J. Robertson Poems 78 As light is mixed in the unretreating

t unre'trievable, a. Obs. (un-^ 7 b, 5 b.) 1705 Stanhope Paraphr. I. 241 The unretrievable Misery of those who will not suffer themselves to be rescued from Destruction.

i6ii Cotgr., Irreveland, vnreuealable, not to be reuealed. ? 1826 Coleridge Ne Plus Ultra 11 The Dragon foul and fell —The un-revealable. And hidden one. 1846 G. Moore Rower of Soul (ed. 2) 9 These proposers of an unrevealable divinity.

unre'vealed,/>/)/. a. (un-* 8, 5 b.) 1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 167/2 If there were any thing .. that in the church sometyme was doubted and reputed for vnreueled and vnknowen. 1543-4 35 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § i Untrue accusacions .. kept secret unreveled. 1592 Kyd Sp. Trag. III. ii. 9 If this incomparable murder.. Shall vnreueald and vnreuenged passe. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iii. xl. 250 The effect.. of the unrevealed will, and of the power of God. 1697 Dryden Mneis vi. 374 Ye realms, yet unreyeal’d to human sight. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. v. §27 Religion of any kind, either revealed or unrevealed. 1798 Lamb R. Gray iv, The secret, unrevealed, hung upon his conscience. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. xxxi, The rest rernaineth unreveal’d; He told it not. 1875 Manning Mission H. Ghost i. 9 God in His unrevealed mercies will [etc.].

unre'vealing,/)/)/. a. (un-* 10, 5d.) 1628 Feltham Resolves ii. xxiv. 79 The Physician that hath a Soueraigne Receit, and dyeth vnreuealing it, robbes the world of many blessings. 1835 Lytton Rienzi ii. iii, The greater barons.. preserved a strict and unrevealing silence. 1899 G. Matheson Stud. Portr. Christ xv. 182 We have all our unrevealing moments —our moments when the spring of life seems dry.

unre'venged,/>/)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1533 Bellenden Livy iv. xv. (S.T.S.) II. 105 Than tempaneus .. drew pame all togidder .., nocht vnrevengit of his Inemyis. 1553 Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 39 Hauinge thus sustayned so greuous iniuries vnreuenged. 1621 Brathwait Nat. Embassie (1877) 27 Her husbands death,.. effected, but not vnreuenged. 1669 Shadwell Royal Shepherdess ii, Neander. O Madam! your eyes will revenge your quarrels. Evadne. Or they must be unreveng’d, for you. 1726 Pope Odyss. xvi. 277 With such a foe th’ unequal fight to try. Were by false courage unreveng’d to die. 1796 Monthly Mag. II. 449 Ampanani never bled unrevenged. 1821 Shelley Hellas 1021 Keep holy This jubilee of unrevenged blood!

UNREVENGEFUL

173

unre'vengeful, a. (un-‘ 7.) x66o Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 220 The Kingc of Enulands .. unreuengcfull disposition, a 1670 H.-kcket Abp. Wdliams 1. (1693) 191 He was un-revengeful,.. and no longer displeased with those he overcame.

unre'vengefulness. (un-* 12.) a 1586 Sidney Arcadia ii. ix, A Tyrant also, not thorow.. unrevengefulnes,.. but.. of a wanton crueltie.

unre'venging,/>/>/. a. (un-^ io.) 0*593 Marlowe & Nashe Dido iv. i, Curse that vnreucnging loue, Whose flintie darts slept in Typhous den. 171X Pope Lett. (1735) I. 169 The unrevenging Spirit of primitive Christianity.

unre'vengingly,

(un-* ii.)

1650 B. Discolliminium 15 A King .. that.. Reign’d justly, peaceably, and un-revengingly after.

un'revenue, v. (un-® 4.) X673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Reh. Transp. 142 They had unrevenued the Clergy.

X641 Milton Reform. 1. 22 He that will mould a modern Bishop into a primitive, must yeeld him to be.. undiocest, unrevenu’d, unlorded.

un'reverence, sb. [un-^ 12, 5 b.] 11. Lack of reverence; irreverence. Obs. 1388 Wyclif Ecclus. XXV. 29 The ire and vnreuerence of a womman is grete schenschipe. X422 Yong tr. Secreta Secret. 135 Wreth engendryth vnreuerence, Vnreuerence engendryth enemyte. 1491 Caxton Vitas Pair. (W'. de W. 1495) V. xiv. 343 b/2 Defaultes commysed in the unreuerence of god. X526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 237 That is the moost vnreuerence that may be done to god. *597 Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 317 The disobedience, vn-reuerence, & contempt of children towards their parents. 1649 W. Sclater Comm. Malachy (1650) 27 Unreverence more displeaseth, than outward observance can please. 1684 Baxter Anstv. Theol. Dial. 16 Praying with the Hatt on, is.. a sign of unreverence.

2. Used as the negative of reverence sb. 6. i8^ W. H. Lyttleton in Corr. Lady Lyttleton (1912) 248 Tne sooner I see your Un-Reverence a-shooting the better I shall be pleased.

[un-^ 3.]

transf. ^2590 Sir T. More 11. iv. 134 Your vnreuerent knees. Make them your feet to kneclc to be for^uen! 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, ii. i. 123 Wert thou not Brotner to great Edwards sonne. This tongue.. Should run thy head from thy vnreuerent shoulders. t2. = UNREVEREND a. 2. Obs.~' 1576 Lambarde Peramb. Kent 256 Erasmus opinion and iudgment touching such vnreuerent Reliques. X659 W. Chamberlayne Pharon. iii. iv. 356 Their rage Neglected youth slights like unreverent age.

Hence f un'reverentness, irreverence.

Obs.

1579 Northbrooke Dicing 12 [They] that do vse and handle vpon scaffolds Gods diuine mysteries with such vnreuerentnes. 1636 Henshaw Horse Succ. 294 That unreverentnesse .. which they durst not use to this or that Mr Gentleman, they use to God.

tun'reverently, adv. Irreverently; without c 1510-1660.)

Obs. [uN-* ii, 5b.] reverence. (Common

£■1386 Chaucer Pars. T. |Ps82 Whan they treten vnreuerently the sacrement of the Auter. 1421 Hoccleve spak vnreuerently. The ix® principal gouernaunce for which summe of the lay peple vnwijsly and vnreuerentli blamen the clergie. *543 Grafton Contn. Harding 460 His corps was brought vnreuerently from the toure .. vnto Poules. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 80 That is supposed a loose kinde of writing, to talke of any man vnreuerently. X638 Bp. Mountagu Art. Enq. Visit. A 4 b, Hath any of your parish unreverently used your Minister? /. a.

(un-* io.)

*653 Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year i. xix. 255 He findes it an unrewarding interest, to walk seven dayes.. only to see a place from whence he must come back in an hour. 1854 Lever Dodd Family Abroad Ixx. 592 [It] is a very unrewarding process. 1882 Myers Renewal of Youth 120 [To] come bootless back from the unrewarding quest.

unrhe'torical* a.

(un-*

7, 5 b.)

[*775 Ash.] X822 De Quincey Confess. 78 The literal and unrhetorical use of the word myriad. 1859 G. Wilson Mem. E. Forbes ii. 68 The style .. is strikingly unrhetorical. X875 E. White Life in Christ iv. xxiv. 405 Certain unrhetorical explicit statements of doctrine.

un'rhymed* ppl. a.

(un-* 8; cf. unrimed.)

1828 Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 219 The grand unrhymed Romance of his earthly existence. X848 Longf. Secret of Sea iv. With a soft, monotonous cadence, Flow its unrhymed lyric lines.

un'rhythmic* a. [1775 Ash.] 1845 Syd. Smith's Wks. (1859) II. 333/1 The following unrevised fragment. 1847 Stanley Arnold Suppl. 22 The unblotted, unrevised manuscript. 1897 Goldw. Smith Guesses Riddle Exist. 83 Readers of the Bible who continue to use the unrevised version.

(un-* 8.)

[1775 Ash.] 1891 Meredith One of our Conq. xxxiii, That was the thought, unrevoivcd, unphrased, all but unconscious, in Nesta.

(un-*

7.)

1884 Athenaeum 2 Aug. 142/2 No unrhythmic verse was ever yet remembered beyond the generation that produced it.

un'rhythmical, a.

(un-*

7.)

Also, in recent use (1904), unrhythmically. 1777 Richardson Persian Gf Arab. Diet. 1935 Discordant, unrhythmical, wretchedly composed verse or prose. 1840 De Quincey 5ty/e Wks. 1859X1. 167 Excess of awkwardness, or of inelegance, or of unrhythmical cadence. 187X Edin. Rev. Apr. 432 His lines are never unrhythmical.

unre'vived, ppl. a. (uN-* 8.) 1631 Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 417 Old, moth-eaten, vnreuiued penall Lawes. 1680 H. More Apocal. Apoc. xi. 106 That.. they may not seem to prophesie and be dead at the same time, nor lye too long unburied or unrevived. 1877 CoNDER Basis Faith ii. 75 Those memories of the past, un¬ revived for years.

un'ribbed, ppl. a.

t un'revocable, a. Obs: (un-* 7 b, 5 b.)

187s Morris JEneid xii. 519 By fruitful fishy Lerna’s fiood was once his life and gain. And unrich house.

(un-‘ 8.)

[1775 Ash.] 1834 K. H. Digby Mores Cath. v. viii. 288 See, then to what a distance your unribbed bark is driven. 185* Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xxix. §3 When the vaulting is unribbed, as in plain waggon vaults.

un'rich, a.

(un-*

7.)

x6o3 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 352 Thou hast vnrcucrendly spoken. 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp Nat. Philos, ii. iv. 118 He .. was wont.. (unreverendly enough) to compare our Physitians to Bishops. 1673 S'too him Bayes 24 Whose person you shall not find me speak so unreverendly of.

*535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 581 Vnreuocabill, withoutin fraude or gyle. At thair plesour sic peax for to compyle. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 43 The heauens.. sent vnreuocable Fates to depriue me of her life. 1608 L. Machin Dumbe Knight iii. My vow., is like fate still unrevocable. 16x6 B. Parsons Mag. Charter 2 By an unrevocable patent.

un'reverent, a. Now rare. [uN-‘ 7, 5 b.] 1. Irreverent: a. Of actions, conduct, etc.

un'revocably,

un'rid*/>/>/. a.* Sc. and dial, [un-* 8 b. Cf. ON. urudd-r (Norw. urudd, urydd, Sw. orodd, Da. uryddet) uncleared.] Not put in order.

unre'voked, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not revoked, recalled, or annulled.

1637 Rutherford Lett. (1664) 132 So marches lie still unrid & counts uncleared betwixt us. X824 [Carr] Craven Dialect 5 Awr house is vara unrid and grimy. 1856 Carlyle Lett. (1904) II. 179 [More of] my Book .. lies in heaps ahead of me, in the unrid state.

In frequent use from c 1550 to c 1640. X388 Wyclif Ecclus. xxiii. 17 Thi mouth be not customable to vnreuerent speche. *532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 622/1 Such euyl fashion of vnreuerent railing vpon great personages. 1583 Babington Commandm. (1590) 220 If we be parentes, and greeued with vnreuerent regarde in our children of vs. 1608 W^illet Hexapla Exod. 62 The Corinthians were chastised .. for vnreuerent receiuing of the l-rords supper. />/. a.

(un-* 8 b.)

(ane cane hyr pray |7at scho wald tel hyr.. & lef vnsad til hyr richt nocht. C1425 Cast. Persev. 693 in Macro Plays 98 J?er-fore I am mad massenger.. ]?orwe all \>e world . vnsayd sawys for to seye. CX440 Alph. Tales 324, I hafe lefte pe laste colert vnsaid. CX450 Merlin x. 143 Merlyn.. tolde hym alle these thynges, that nought be lefte vn-seide. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 345/2 He held.. that al diuine seruice may be left vnsaied without ani sinne. 1593 Sidney's Arcadia v. (1922) II. 192 Leaving nothing unsaide which a filthy minde can imagine. 1609 Donne Elegie Mrs. Boulstred i Death I recant, and say, unsaid by mee What ere hath slip’d, that might diminish thee. X699 Bentley Phal. 46 This was., a thing unsaid before. X730 Swift Poems, Traulus u. 20 He.. Talks whate’er comes in his head; Wishes it were all unsaid. X805 Scott Last Minstrel v. xxvii, Half his tale he left unsaid. X848 Thackeray Van. Fair Ixvi, You leave me under the weight of an accusation which, after ail, is unsaid. X889 Walpole Life Ld. J. Russell II. 266 Forced, therefore, to leave unsaid the words .. necessary for his own defence.

un'sailable, a. (uN-^yb.)

[un-' 12.]

The quality of being

unsafe. 1673 S too him Bayes 89 As for the unsafeness of it, if uncontroulable libertie prove safe, all’s well. 1678 Cudworth Syst. i. v. 794 Unevenness and Lnsafeness of.. [Plotinus’s] Temper. 1884 Law Times 22 Nov. 64/1 The unsafeness and improprielv of the manner of removal.

state-lying-Kalender. 1768 fW. Donaldson] Life Sir B. Sapskull I. vii. 90 St. .Austin,.. Chrysostom, and many other sainted and unsainted fathers. 1862 E. Arnold Hymn of Priestess of Diana iii, O ear, that hears no word .. unfit! O breast, which thought unsainted never felt! 1895 Outing April 6/1 Shame! shame! upon those unsainted ones!

un'saint-like, a. (un-* 7 c.) x68i J. Scott Chr. Life iii. 225 Our wicked and unsaint¬ like Lives. 1891 Pall Mall G. 19 March 3/3 The saint’s [i.e. John Wesley] very unsaint-like love affairs.

un'saintly« a. (un-* 7.) Also, in recent use (1887-), unsaintliness. 1659 Gauden Tears Ch. 11. xix. 209 What (I pray) can be more unsaintly, than to.. delight and glory .. in most unjust and uncharitable actions? x8^ Foster Ess. (1844) I. 272 There is something unsaintly spread over the character. 1837 Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 301 Bring up the most unsaintly cases you can find. 1899 B. Harraden Fowler i. ix, A most unsaintly-looking pair of shoes.

fun'saked, a. Innocent,

Obs.

[un-*

9

+

saked a.]

at vte o sin vnsaked is. Ibid. 17336, I am vn-saked of his blod.

un'salaried, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1836 Disraeli Runnymede Lett. (1885) 185 Happy England, whose fortunes are supervised by such an unsalaried steward! x866 Ch. Times 1 Sept. 277/3 T'he cost ..has been borne., chiefly by its founder, the unsalaried secretary. 1898 Diet. Nat. Biog. LVI. 247/1 A comfortable though unsalaried post as tutor.

un'saleable, a. and sb. (un-* 7 b, 12.) *565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Merx, Vnsalehable ware. 1644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 60 Sermons.. vented in such numbers,.. as have now wellnigh made all other books unsalable. 1692 Ray On Creation (ed. 2) Advt., By publishing a Second Edition of a Book, with large Additions, to render the former worthless and unsalable. 1762 Sterne Tr. Shandy vi. xxxiii. An unsaleable piece of carnbrick. X798 Hull Advertiser 23 June 4/4 Middling and ordinary qualities are quite unsaleable. x8x7 Coleridge Biogr. Lit. I. 178 The unsaleable nature of my writings. i860 Ruskin Unto this Last (1862) 112 A horse is useless, and therefore unsaleable, if no one can ride. sb. i8xi Byron Hints from Hor. 657 ‘Scott’s thirty thousand copies sold,’ which must sadly discomfit poor Southey’s unsaleables. 1843 E. Fitzgerald Lett. (1889) I. 116 A desperate collection of pictures..: among them old unsaleables by Maclise.

Hence unsalea'bility; -ableness.

*570 Levins Manip. 4/15 Vnsaylable, innauigabilis. 1587 Golding De Mornay vii. 102 Ye shall make the Sea for the most part vnsayleable. 1627 May Lucan v. H8b, Caesar.. Andes The sea vnsaileable for dangerous windes.

1872 De Morgan Budget of Paradoxes 123 A climax of *unsaleabi!ity, unreadability, and inutility. *775 Ash, ‘Unsaleableness. 1903 Saturday Rev. 10 Jan. 43/1 The unsaleableness of landscape.

un'sailed, ppl. a. (un-^ 8, 8 c.)

un'salt Cl. (un-* 7. Cf. OE. unsealt, Du. onzout, ON. usaltr, Icel. osaltur, older Sw. osalt.)

fliS72 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 293 To bring this head to pass,.. the Quein Regent left no point of the compas unsailled. 1807 J. Barlow Columb. i. 457 There spreads, belike, that other unsail’d main I sought so long. 1866 Swinburne Poems ^ Ball, Lament. 86 Lo, what hath he seen or known Of., the wave Unbeholden, unsailed-on? 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 272 ’Twixt inaccessible cliffs and unsailed sea.

un'sailorlike, a. (un-* 7 c.) X84X Thackeray Yellowplush Papers Wks. 1898 III. 375 Nothing can be more unsailorlike than his namby-pamby starlit descriptions. 1865 J. Cameron Malayan India 41 The unsightly and unsailorlike aspect of the craft.

un'sailorly, a. (un-* 7.) 1883 Stevenson unsailorly.

Treas. Isl. ii. ix, I think his conduct

un’sained,/>/)/. a. Now arcA. [un-* 8. Cf. OE. unsesenod, MDu. ongesegent (Du. ongezegend), MLG. ungesegnety MHG. ungesegenety -ent (G. ungesegnet).] Unblessed; esp. not formally blessed or protected by a blessing. /)/. a. (un-* 10.) *795 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 144, I met you in Redcliff, and. unsaluted and unsaluting, passed by the man to whom [etc.].

un'salvable, a. (un-* 7 b and 5 b.) 1624 T. Scott Vox Pop. ii. 14 He found the rootes of eithers discontent so deepe, and the sore so vnsalueable, that hee gaue it ouer. 1638 Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. v. §60 The words by you cited, and charged with unsalvable contradiction. 1659 Fuller App. Inj. Innoc. ii. 102 Else we were all..in an unsaluable condition. 1895 Salmond Chr. Doctr. Immort. vi. iv. 668 Neither to make the heathen unconditionally unsalvable, nor to represent salvation as possible apart from Christ. Hence unsalva'bility, -ableness. H. More Answer xiv. 105 Touching the Idolatrousness of the Church of Rome, and the Unsalvableness of those in her Communion. 1891 Wesleyan Method. Mag. June 465/1 The unsalvability of any heathen. 1684

un'salvatory, a. (un-^ 7.) 1850 Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. iii. 6 Dalai-Lama pills, manufactured let not refined lips hint how, and quite unsalvatory to mankind.

un'salved, ppl. a. (un-* 8. Cf. MHG. ungesalbet, G. ungesalbt, Du. ongezalfd.)

i8i un'sanctioned, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

t un’sanctuary. (UN-^ 12.)

dethe. /)/. aJ [un-* 8. Cf. MDu. ongesegelt, Du. ongezegeld, G. ungesiegelt.] 1. Not stamped or marked with a seal. *377 Langl. P. Pi. B. xiv. 292 W^ynneth he nau3t with weghtes fals ne with vnseled mesures. 1492 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) 1. 419 Conuikit.. for the wrangwiss haldin of a wrang pek of less mesour, and unselit. 1550 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1905) 1. 9 We present that [they].. sell beere and wyne by vnlawful and vnsealled measures contrary to the statute. 1629 Leather 15 The Market is full of excellent Leather;.. all this in the Morning lyes vnsealed. 1660 in J. Davidson /nrerurie, etc. (1878) 361 Giv onie person have ane unseilit stoup they sail braik the same. fig. 1680 C. Nesse Church Hist. 447 They could never kill the souls of any of Gods sealed ones, as they did of the unsealed.

2. Not having a seal imposed or attached; not closed by means of a seal. C1430 Pilgr. LyJ Manhode i. xxxvi. (1869) 22 He J?at holt his swerd naked, and \>e keyes vnbownde, naked and vnseeled. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxxv. 301/2 So he toke the letters vnsealed, and retourne in to Englande agayne. 1646 Bury Wills (Camden) 192 All my bookes, papers, and parchments vnsealed. 1665 Boyle Exp. & Obs. Cone. Cold Pref. c6. Judging it fit to make further Trial, with an unseal’d Weather-glass. 1726 Berkeley in Fraser Life Wks. 1871 IV. 140 In case it be a bond in form, or.. a promissory note unsealed. 1793 T. Twining in Recreat. fef Stud. (1882) 184 Sending the parcel unsealed that you might have read.. the MS. 1848 W. H. Kelly tr. L. Blanc s Hist. Ten Y. II. 89 This letter.. was .. delivered, unsealed, to M. de Montalivet. fig. a 1649 Crashaw Carmen Deo Nostro, Hymn St. Thomas 54 When this dry soul those eyes shall see, And drink the unseal’d sourse of thee. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. IV. 115 The murmurings Of the unsealed springs. 1831 [see prec.]. transf. 1868 Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 278 Moisture, emanating in part from unsealed honey,.. becomes condensed in the hive from external cold.

3. fig. Not formally confirmed or ratified.

a. To free from some constraining influence; to allow free action to. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 59 She ought to shut vp her dores, and solemnixe continuall night, till her husband, her sunne, making a happie return, vnsealeth her silence. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. i. Ixxxviii, Renew my heart, direct my tongue, unseal My hand. 1826 Mrs. Hemans Forest Sanctuary ii. xxx. When stars .. are shining. How their soft glance unseals each thought of theel 1847 Emerson Compensation ii. And why when mirth unseals all tongues Should mine alone be dumb?

b. To free from the condition (or necessity) of remaining closed. (Cf. seal v.^ 6 b.) With reference to the eyes (A) probably in part replacing UNSEEL ti.

(а) 12x586 Sidney Arcadia i. ii, I pray you (said Musidorus, then first unsealing his long silent lips) what countries be these? 1621 Quarles Div. Poems, Esther iii, Memucan.. Vnseal’d his serious lips, and thus bespake. 1815 Scott Guy M. xli. Speaking as if his utmost efforts were unable to unseal his lips beyond the width of a quarter of an inch. 1852 Merivale Rom. Emp. (ed. 2) iii. I. 129 Cicero’s mouth was unsealed. 1884 Manch. Exam. 24 Nov. 5/2 Gladstone.. is therefore extremely anxious that his lips should .. be unsealed. (б) 1652 Benlowes Theoph. xi. xxx. Still to have toting waits unseal thine eyes. 1700 Dryden Ovid's Met., Ceyx & Alcyone 303 The God disturb’d with this new Glare of Light ... unseal’d his Sight. 1725 Pope Odyss. xv. 8 In sleep profound the Son of Nestor lies; Not thine, Ulysses! Care unseal’d his eyes. 1855 Singleton Virgil 1. 364 Others neath rueful Tartarus he sends; Grants slumbers, and withdraws [them], and the eyes At death unseals. 1863 CowDEN Clarke Shaks. Char. xiii. 333 The discovery of that patron’s baseness.. acts like a talisman to unseal his eyes.

3. To disclose, reveal. 1640 f LETCHER, etc. Coronation ii. i. If this preserve thee not, 1 must unseal Another mistery. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. II. 111. 147 He the future hath unsealed.

Hence un'sealer; un'sealing vbl. sb. 1683 Jane Lead Revelation (title-p.). An Essay towards the Unsealing, Opening and Discovering The Seven Seals 1844 Lowell Leg. Brittany ii. xxii. Remembering when he stood Not fallen yet, the unsealer of her heart, 1895 W. W atson Hymn to Sea i, While, with throes, with raptures, with loosing of bonds, with unsealings,—Youth .. wakes like a wondering rose.

un'sealable, a. [uN-'yb.] Incapable of being sealed. 1831 E. Irving Expos. Rev. I. 91 The apocalypse is .. an unsealed and unscalable book.

1611 Florio, Inscrutahilita, ‘Ynsearchableness. a 1653 Binning Serm. (1845) 38 God’s unsearchableness, God’s unchangeableness. 1683 Burnet tr. More's Utopia 197 Unless, according to the unsearchableness of his Mind, he is pleased with a variety of Religions. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. v. v. §21 In an Italian twilight.. there is still unsearchableness, but an unsearchableness without cloud or concealment. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets ix. 290 The unsearchableness of God’s dealings. 1706 Stevens Span. Diet. 1, Inscrutablemente, inscrutably, •unsearchably. 1746 Hervey Refi. Flower Garden 21 The various Expedients which Providence, unsearchably wise, uses. 1847 De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun Wks. 1862 III. 98 A female.. who .. perished by a fate so unsearchably mysterious.

un'searched^ ppl. a. [un-* 8, 8 c.] 1. Not searched; unexamined, uninvestigated: a. In predicative use, after leave, go, pass, etc. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W’. 1531) 131 b. It shall leaue no corner of our soules .. vnserched. a 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. V, 7 Watchyng, that no person.. should passe vnserched. 1621 Fletcher Thierry Theod. v. i. Since you have your tricks.. we will not leave a wrinkle of you unsearcht. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 12 Suffering a Ship.. to lye., in Harbour unsearched. 1765 W’ilkes Corr. (1805) II. 138 The two trunks.. were suffered to go out of Rome unsearched. 1832 G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 399 The custom¬ house officers.. letting all ours [ic. luggage] pass unsearched. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. vi. The chimney was not left unsearched.

b. In attributive use. *568 Jacob Gf Esau i. iii. Bj, Whatsoeuer mysterie the Lorde therein ment, Must be referred to his vnserched iudgement. 1615 Chapman Odyss. xxiv. 640 Pallas spake To Ioue..And askt of him, what his vnsearched mind Held vndiscouer’d. a 1649 Crashaw Carmen Deo Nostro, To C'tess Denbigh 36 The self-shutt cabinet of an unsearcht soul. 1753 Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Fossile Shells, Other yet unknown or unsearched seas and shores. 1821 Byron Heaven Earth iii. 912 The ocean .. grasps each drowning hill. Nor leaves an unsearch’d cave. 1879 Farrar St. Paul xxxi. II. 24 That unsearched borderland which lies between the natural and the supernatural.

1601 Shaks. All's Well iv. ii. 30 Therefore your oathes Are words and poore conditions, but vnseal’d. 1665 J. Spencer Vulg. Proph. 87 That very many of these Modern Prophecies have been veiy punctually accomplish’d, though unseal’d by any divine Sign attending the delivery of them. 1831 James Phil. Augustus II. iii, My fate is yet an unsealed one.

173® A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. p. x, All which.. have been unsearch’d for, and unknown.

un'sealed,/)/)/. a.^ [un-* 8 + seelv.^ Cf. unseal V. zh{h).'\ Not closed.

*599 Daniel Musoph. (1602) Ciijb, Then would they only labour to extend Their now vnsearching spirits beyond these bounds Of others powres, wherein they must be pend. 1828-32 Webster (citing J. Q. Adams).

c

2. fig.

UNSEASONABLE

1800 Coleridge Piccolom. i. xi, The unsealed eye Of Jupiter’s glad children born in lustre.

un'seam, v. [un-^ 4.] trans. To undo the seam or seams of (a garment, etc.). Also/ig., to rip up. 1592 Greene Groat's W. Wit (1617) 28 In a thread-bare cloake,.. his hose vnseamed. 1605 Shaks. Macb. i. ii. 22 Till he vnseam’d him from the Naue to th’ Chops, And fix’d his Head vpon our Battlements. 1608 Beaum. & Fl. Four Plays in One i. iii, Nor a vein runs here From head to foot, but Sophocles would unseame, and. .shoot his scornfull blood Into their eyes. 1631 in Verney Mem. (1907) I. 131 Our barke. .had her bottome strucken out and was unseamed. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. i. Ixxvii, One gallant steed is stretch’d a mangled corse; Another, hideous sight! unseam’d appears. 1824 in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1825) 194 Giving Mr. Trotter a thump on the eye, and unseaming his shirt from top to bottom! 1848 T. Aird Chr. Bride i. xiii, The monster’s., tusks backward glance To gather fury for his onset dread, To unseam her lovely limb.

un'seamanlike, a. (un-*7c.) 1726 Shelvocke Voy. round World 7 His unseamanlike behaviour in the late storm. 1865 Sat. Rev. 2 Sept. 301/2 The idea of a French Sailor as a weedy, unseamanlike kind of ‘loafer’.

un'seamed,/)^/. a. [un-* 8. Cf. Du. ongezoomd, MLG. and MHG. ungesumety G. ungesdumt, Sw. osommad.] Having no seam. 1592 Sylvester Tri. Faith ii. xlix, The Schismatiks.. renting Christ’s unseamed coat in twain. 1635 F. White Sabbath 310 The unseamed coat of Christ.

un'searchable, a. and sb. [un-* 7 b, 12, and 5b.] 1. That cannot be searched into, so as to be ascertained or exactly estimated; inscrutable. 1382 Wyclif Rom. xi. 33 Hou incomprehensyble ben his domes, and his weyis vnserchable. c 1400 Found. St. Bartholomew's 43 God, that makith grete and vnsercheable thyngis with-owte numbre. 1549 Latimer 3rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 100 Mans hart is vnserchable. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus ii. 77 They fell.. to discourse .. of Nilus, the head whereof was vnsearchable, and not to be knowne. 1622 Peacham Compl. Gent. viii. 69 To consider how Nature.., by an vnsearchable and stupendious worke, sheweth vs [etc.]. 1667 Milton P.L. viii. 10 To relate Things else by me unsearchable, now heard With wonder. 1703 Rowe IV. i, ’Tis all the mighty working of the gods, Unsearchable and dark to human Eyes. 1759 Johnson Rasselas xi, The unsearchable will of the Supreme Being. 1809-14 WoRDSW. Excurs. iii. 112 Lost in unsearchable eternity. 1835 Thirlwall Greece I. vi. 193 As his might is irresistible, so is his wisdom unsearchable. 1876 R. Bridges Sonn. viii, The unsearchable and secret aims Of nature.

b. sb.

An unsearchable thing.

1725 Watts Logick i. yi. § i It is a vast Hindrance .. if we spend too much of our Time and Pains among Infinites and Unsearchables. 1741-Improv. Mind i. xviii, To busy yourselves .. amongst unsearchables.

2. That cannot be sought for. 1878 B. Taylor Pr. Deukalion iii. v. 128 A something lost, Because vnsought, perchance unsearchable, Assails mv sight.

Hence un'searchableness, -ably adv.

2. Not searched/or.

un'searching,/)/)/. a. (un-* 10.)

un'seared» p/)/. o. [un-* 8.] 1. Not made sear; unwithered. *599 Thynne Animadv. (1875) 48 That is, (as some do expounde this worde vnseriall,) vnsered, vnsinged, vnwithered. 1829 J- L. Knapp J^rn/. Nat. 102 Preserving.. a portion of its foliage unseared by frosts, a 1847 Eliza Cook Like the Evergreen iii, It remaineth unseared in the deluge of light. fig. 1827 PoLLOK Course T. iii. 153 The stripling youth of plump, unseared hope. 1863 W’. Lancaster Preeterita 37 We’ll keep a merry heart up still, Unsered, fresh, young, and callow.

2. Not made hard or callous. i860 Trench Serm. Westm. Abbey vi. 59 Many things which he would have shrunk back from at first, while his conscience was yet unseared.

t un'season, 5^. Obs.~^ [un-* 12.] in unseason, out of season. a 1400-50 Alexander 4439 3oure sowping in vnseson, 30ure surfete of drinkis.

un'season, v. [un-'* 4.] trans. To deprive of seasoning or relish. In quots. fig. *59® Spenser F.Q., To Sir W. Raleigh, Why doe I send this rusticke Madrigale, That may thy tuneful! eare vnseason quite? ? a 1600 Nobody & Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 310 The remembrance that I was a king. Unseasons the content of povertie. 1728 Theobald Double Falshood i. ii, What Fortune soever my Going shall encounter, cannot be good Fortune; What I part withal unseasons any other Goodness.

un'seasonable, a. [un-* 7 b.] 1. Not suited to, not in accordance with, the time or occasion; untimely, inopportune. C1448 Ten Commandments of Love in Stow's Chaucer (1561) 342b, Take measure in langage,.. For mesure .. Thynges vnseasonable setteth in season. 1591 Acts Privy Council (1900) XXI. 123 The unordinate and unseasonable taking of the same [spawn] by the common fishers. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Dispatch (Arb.) 248/1 To chuse tyme is to save tyme, and an vnseasonable mocion is but beating the ayre. 1667 Milton P.L. vin. 201 Whence haply mention may arise Of somthing not unseasonable to ask. 1718 Freethinker No. 7. 42 A Notion prevails.. that Marriage in Lent, is at least unseasonable. 1752 Johnson Rambler No. 207 fp Unseasonable importunity of discontent. 1817 Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 522 The English fleet,.. dispersed by the weather, incurred considerable danger of a very unseasonable rencounter. 1839 W. C. Taylor Anc. Hist. xvii. §2 (ed. 2) 501 This rash conspiracy induced Galba to sully the commencement of his reign by unseasonable severities. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 497 The omission to inspect the accounts was unseasonable and injudicious. transf. 1722 Steele Consc. Lovers ill. i, The familiar, learned, unseasonable Puppy!

b. Of time: Not suitable for the action specified or implied. Freq. (with hour) implying an unusual time of the night. *595 Shaks. John iv. ii. 20 This acte.. Being vrged at a time vnsea.sonable. 1621 in Foster Eng. Factories Ind. I. (1906) 261 The said ship .. at last at unseasonable time made tryall to com for Petapolie. Jackson's Recant. B i. To let them out at unseasonable hours, and stay up for them, till it

UNSEASONABLENESS be early. 1715 Dt Fot Fam. Instruct. 1. iii. (1841) I. 62 Who knows but CJod may bless instruction, though be^un at an unseasonable time. 1759 Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 218 Neither did they conceive the time to be unseasonable for an application to the crown. 1800 Mrs. Mkrvky Mourtray Fam. n. 176 If I presume to intrude upon you at an unseasonable hour. 1838 Lytton Leila i. vi, The alarm it might occasion., if he endeavoured at so unseasonable an hour, to force an entrance,

c. As adx\ Unseasonably; out of season. a 1634 Chapman Bussy d'Ambois 111. (1641) 42 How most unseasonable thou playest the Cucko, In this thy fall of friendship. 1680 R. L’Estrange tr. Erasmus' Colloquies 174 I'his came very Unseasonable; Or if there had been any Errour. it might have been dissembled.

2. Of fish, etc.: Not in season. c 1450 Cal. Letter-bks. London, D. (1902) IV. 198 Ye shalle not suffre no fysshe corrupt ne unsesynable to be solde. 1477 [see VICTUAL sb. i y], 1488-9 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 21 Aswell grete fisshes unsesonable as the seid frie. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. I ’III, c. 7 Ky llyng of salmons when they be unsesonable and not holsome for manns body. 1563 in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 488 The same poor which either lack food, or else that which they have is unseasonable and cause of sickness. 1653 Walton Angler vi. 133 The old Salmon .. grow sick in fresh waters, and by degrees unseasonable. 1677 Quarter Sess. Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) VII. 6 A Startforth yeoman for catching ten unseasonable fish called scurfes. 1842 Act 5-6 Viet. c. io6 §74 If any Person shall.. have in his Possession any .. unclean or unseasonable Salmon or Trout.

fb. Not Obs. - ’

properly

matured;

UNSECURE

187

unseasoned.

1515 Nottingham Rec. III. 344 We present Ser John Bagula for makyng on seysnabulle tyle. 1548 Act 2 & 3 Edu\ F/, c. 10 § I Sondrie persons .. made myche Malte unpure and unseasonable.

3. Of weather: Not appropriate to the season of the year; esp. stormy, tempestuous. Also of days, seasons, etc., marked by such weather. a 1513 Fabyan Chron. vn. 433 Great scarcete of come and frute..by mcane of vnsesonable wederynge. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, III. ii. 106 An vnseasonable stormie day. 1602 in Moryson Itin. (1617) ii. 261 Their Haruest was so vnseasonable, and their Come was so destroied by the weather, as numbers of subiects will vndoubtedly die of famine. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 466 By reason of vnseasonable weather the come .. was choked and blasted in the eare. 1645 Boate Ireland's Nat. Hist. xxi. (1652) 166 The ripeness of the fruits., is greatly retarded by the abundance of unseasonable rain. 1696 Ray in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 203 Heer hath been a very unseasonable Summer, for the most part very cold and wet. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 212 A cold, dry, unseasonable Spring. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. 11. iv. 52 The unseasonable seasons drove With alternating shafts of frost and fire, I’heir ..pale tribes to mountain caves. 1854 Poultry Chron. I. 578/1 Notwithstanding the cold, dark, unseasonable day. 1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Pal. xx. 442 Plucking lilies of the field from beneath the unseasonable snow.

sometimes, not unseasonably, press upon our imagination. 1819 Shelley Cenci iv. iv. 2 Lady, my duty to his Holiness Be my excuse that thus unseasonably I break upon your rest. 1868 Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 21 Unseasonably cool and .. wet weather set in, followed by early frosts.

un'seasoned, ppl. a. [un-‘ 8.] 1. Not made palatable by seasoning. 1582 Stanyhurst ^neis iv. (Arb.) 108 Caucasus haggish Bred the, with a tigers soure milek vnseasoned. 1601 Song of Mary Dj b. If it may be, let this vnseasoned cup Of sorrow passe. 1611 Florio, Incondite uiuande, vnseasoned meates.

b. Not appreciative of dainties. 1598 Marston Sco. Villanie 169 For whose vnseasoned palate I wrote the first Satyre, in some places too obscure.

2. Not matured by growth or time. Also in fig. context. 1601 B. JoNSON Poetaster v. iii. We haue no vacant eare, now, to receiue The vnseason’d fruits of his oflBcious tongue. 1641 Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 32 The best strides.. are made of froughy, unseasoned oake. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing iii. If they be made of unseason’d Stuff,.. as the Stuff dries it shrinks. 1832 Planting 74 (L.U.K.), Comparative trials of seasoned and unseasoned wood in the same building. 1833 Loudon Encycl. Archit. §243 Unseasoned timber, or other materials.

b. Not habituated by time or experience. 1601 Shaks. All's Well i. i. 80 'Tis an vnseason’d Courtier, good my Lord, Aduise him. 1608 Day Laic Trickes iii. ii, These words. .Are but like Ignes Fatui, to delude Greene and vnseason’d wits. 1614 Latham Falconry i. ix. 33 These hawkes being vnseasoned in their bodies. 1638 Shirley Mart. Soldier i. ii. Your unseason’d valour Had thrice ingag’d our fortunes and our men Beyond recovery. 1730 2nd Contin. Baker's Chron. 531/2 The unseason'd Orkney Men immediately yielded themselves. 1770 Pittman European Settlem. Mississ. p. viii, The twenty-first regiment .. being.. unseasoned to such a climate, suffered almost as much. 1840 E. E. Napier Scenes ^ Sports For. Lands II. App. 243 The exposure of his unseasoned person alternately to night damps and the burning rays of the sun. 1857 Dickens Dorrit i. xxxii. The depressed unseasoned prisoner.

fS. Unseasonable. Obs. 1589 Cooper Admon. 21 Their virulent and unseasoned speeches. 1597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iii. i. 105 These vnseason’d howres perforce must adde Vnto your Sicknesse. 1598-Merry W. 11. ii. 174 The which hath something emboldned me to this vnseason’d intrusion. 1615 Brathwait Strappado, etc. (1878) 282 Each., tun’d their odes with that vnseasoned time. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla I. 202 Camilla looked hastily away, and her whole set, abashed by so unseasoned an inquiry, cast down their eyes.

t4. Rendered unhealthy. Obs.~^ 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 213 A great and lovely Citie,.. over-topt by no hill, unseasoned by no marishes.

un'seasoningf/)/)/. a. (un-‘ 10.) un'seasonableness. [f. prec.] The quality or fact of being unseasonable: a. Of weather. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. §14 The vnseasonablenes of the wether. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. 2 b, Yf either the vnseasonablenesse of the w'eather, or sicknesse cause me to keepe my bed. 1600 Surflet Country Farme v. x. 674 The Oxen .. better indure the vnseasonablenes of times, and .. draw a deeper draught. 1695 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) III. 515 The lords justices, considering the unseasonablenesse of the weather, have.. prohibited the exportation of corn. 1796 Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 280 During last January, nothing was more common than to hear expressions of the unseasonableness of the weather. 1853 C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe 11, i. 2 Mrs. Ashford put the matter off for the present by the unseasonableness of the weather. 1971 Daily Tel. 3 July 9/1 Summer.. is the season when unseasonableness becomes most glaring and least sufferable.

b. Of time. 1548 Udall Erastn. Par. Luke iv. 49 b, He neuer did so muche as laie for his excuse the importunitee or vnseasonablenesse of tyme. 1628 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 582 Our next Argument is drawn.. from the unseasonableness of the time. 1656 Earl Monm. tr. Boccalini's Pol. Touchstone (1674) 273 About one a clock at night, forty Carts.. were seen to enter the Royal Palace ..: and because of the unseasonableness of the time.. inquiry was made [etc.]. 1694 Phil. Trans. XVHI. 45 They were generally taken notice of,.. because of the unseasonableness of the time for Grashoppers. a 1748 Watts Disc. Educ. Childr. ix. (1795) 177 The unseasonableness of the midnight hour ^or dancing].

c. Of actions, etc. 1610 Healey Theophrastus (1616) 49 Vnseasonnablenesse is a troublesome .. assaulting of those with whom we haue to doe. 1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely iii. 28 The unseasonableness of the ill Policy of the Turks. 1741 Richardson Pamela IV. 387 Forgive, dearest Sir, the Unseasonableness of your very impertinent.. Pamela. 1799 Han. More Fern. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 14 A sneer, not at the truth of religion,.. but at its gravity, its unseasonableness. 1815 Jane Austen Emma I, The suddenness and.. the unseasonableness with which the affair burst out. 1884 Manch. Exam, i July 3/1 The unseasonableness of the proposed discussion.

un'seasonably, adv. [un-^ ii.] In an unseasonable manner; at an unfitting time; out of season. 1588 La.mbarde Eiren. iv. xix. 603 It wil fall out unseasonablie. 1589 Warner Alb. Eng. Prose Add. 164 Whilest he vnseasonably amongst blowes, deiiuered vnregarded perswasions of Peace. 1610 Healey Theophrastus (1616) 12 A Pratler or Babler.. vnseasonably setting vpon any stranger. 1687 Wood Life (O.H.S.) HI. 233 That night there should have been an illumination in the quadrangle, but by the folly of the proctor it was unseasonably done the night before. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. (Globe) 332. I unhappily and unseasonably disturb’d him. 1780 .\firror No. 72, I'he thoughts of futurity .. may surely

a 1617 Hieron Wks. (1619) 11. 474 This miserie of hauing none among them but an vnseasoning and vnsufficient minister.

un'seat, v. [un-^ 5.] 1. tram. To dislodge from a seat (esp. on horseback). 1596 Spenser F.Q. iv. x. 10 Whom boldly 1 encountred .. And by good fortune shortly him vnseated. 1784 Cowper Task VI. 553 His horse .. Rush’d to the cliff, and .. stood. At once the shock unseated him. 1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies 177 Beatte was nearly unseated from his saddle. 1845 J. Coulter Adv. in Pacific xvi. 247 The boat plunged down .. with so violent a shock, that nearly all were unseated. 1895 Scully Kafir Stories 170 My horse.. wheeled sharply to the right, completely unseating me. transf. 1609 Holland Amm. Marcell. 84 But Constantine .. displaced and unseated this huge masse. 1839 Marryat Phant. Ship ii, The probing of the wound would half unseat my reason. 1891 Cent. Diet, s.v.. To unseat a boiler; to unseat a valve.

2. To dislodge from some place or position; to deprive of rank or office. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. Summary, In Germany by intrusion they vnseated the Sueuians. 1661 J. Davies Civ. Warres 371 [They] resolved next morning to unseat the Parliament once more. 1826 Hood Recipe for Civiliz. 89 Whereas a cook would soon unseat him [ic. Apis], And make his own churchwardens eat him. 1870 Emerson Soc. ^ Solit. iv. 67 A greater power of carrying the thing loftily, and with perfect assurance,.. might.. unseat any sovereign, and abrogate any constitution in Europe and America. 1878 Taylor Deukalion in. vi. 135 The Gods of races I unseat, as Time or Tyranny of old Unseated them.

b. spec. To deprive of, or depose from, a seat in Parliament or other representative body. 1834 Tait's Mag. I. 541/1 Had one third of the exceptions held good, it was clear the Governor must be unseated. 1882 Sergt. Ballantine Exper. xxx. 294 The first case.. was speedily disposed of by unseating the member.

un'seated, ppl. a. [un-' 8.] fl. U.S. Of land; Unsettled, unoccupied. Obs. 1662 Laws of Virginia Ixxii. 43 [It] must in a short time leave the greatest part of the Countrey, unseated and unpeopled. 1689 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 318 Where land is unseated. 1724 Acts Assembly Pennsylv. (1762) I. 102 Exempting.. all unsettled Tracts or Parcels of Land, That is to say, such Tracts of Land as.. are unseated. x8oo Farmer's Reg. 29 March (Thornton), The owners of unseated lands in Westmoreland. 1877 Burroughs Taxation 208.

2. Not seated; not provided with a seat. [*775 Ash.] 1883 D. C. Murray Hearts ix. She was still unseated, and he approached her.

unseaulich: see unsewly a.

un'seaworthiness. (un-' 12. Cf. next.) 1824 Cowen's Rep. (N Y. State Supreme Crt.) 106 Evcr> vessel has a point of time at which it.. arrives at a situation of unseaworthiness. 1832 NFCulloch Diet. Commerce 648 Unseaworthiness may be caused in various ways, such as want of repair, want of stores [etc.]. 1875 Economist 27 Feb. 246/1 Ought not the underwriters to have been able to plead ‘unseaworthiness’? un'seaworthy, a. (un-* 7.) 1820 Tomlins Law Diet. (ed. 3) I. s.v. Insurance, A ship .. sailed on her voyage in an unseaworthy state. 1857 Dickens Dorrit ii. xxvi. Drowning men clinging to unseaworthy spars. 1896 ‘H. S. Merriman’ xxxiv, A sailor never believes that his own ship is unseaworthy.

t un'second, t’. Obs.-' (un-' 14.) 1616 J. Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. x. 59 Wear’t not as good to have betraid oure lord, as to vnsecond him, as twice wee did?

un'seconded, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not backed up or supported. *597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iii. 34 O Miracle of Men! Him did you leaue (Second to none) vn-seconded by you. 1608 [Tofte] Ariosto's Sat. iii. (1611) 33 So that in rank of fauour, I alone Stood still vnseconded of any one. 1691 T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 9 Nor lay this long unseconded by concurrent Advices from Portsmouth. 1734 Thomson Liberty I. 166 Unseconded by art, the spinning race., idly toil. 1778 Hamilton Wks. (1886) VH. 558 He attempted, single and unseconded, to possess himself of one of the enemy’s field-pieces. 1809-14 Wordsw. Excurs. vi. 221 He ..Urged unremittingly the stubborn work. Unseconded, uncountenanced. 1884 Law Times 8 Nov. 27/2 [A] result.. obtained by his own unseconded efforts. b. spec. (See second u.* 3.) i8i6 Monthly Mag. XLI. 144 Applause revives. All cry, To France, To France! And Westmoreland unseconded remained. 1865 Reader 27 May 594/3 His proposal was unseconded, and fell to the ground.

t2. Unparalleled, unique. Obs. — ' 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. vii. 120 Even as in the body of man from putred humours .. there have succeeded strange and unseconded shapes of wormes.

un'secrecy. rare-' (un-* 12.) 159. H. Walpole in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 225 By some mens unsecrecy, which I will not name, my iourney is much known.

un'secret, a. (un-^ 7.) a 1586 Sidney Arcadia iii. xviii, Which hopes, Hate (as unsecrete as Love) could not conceale. 1606 Shaks. Tr. & Cr. in. ii. 133 Who shall be true to vs W’hen we are so vnsecret to our selues? 1614 Raleigh Hist. World iv. iv. §8. 251 Hee was driuen by necessitie to trust many, of whom he stumbled vpon some, that were vnsecret. 1655 Earl of Norwich in Nicholas P. (Camden) H. 259 For what I heare of my being thought vnsecret (a hard censure after fifty yeares seruice in your Royall Family).

un'secretf v. [un-^ 4.] tram. To disclose. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Counsel (Arb.) 318 But lett Princes beware that the vnsecreting of theire affaires come not from themselves. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 447 Things nere done hee’l sweare; All he unsecrets: such black Sheep beware. 1659 Fuller App. Inj. Innoc. iii. 17 They say, It is .. another thing, to look on Gods Secrets, in some sort unsecreted. 1666 Bp. S. Parker Free ^ Impart. Censure 65 The Intrinsick Essence of any one Being is no more explain’d & unsecreted after all their Labour, then it was afore.

unse'ereted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1750 G. Hughes Barbados 246 The more gross returns back unsecreted to the radical Vessels.

un'secretness. (un-* 12.) 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 110 Vnkyndnesse, Vntrustynesse or vnsecretnesse, Discorde or contencyon.

unsec'tarian, a. and sb. (un-* 7 and 12.) adj. 1847 Webster (citing Buckham). 1854 Edin. Rev. Oct. 413 Their devotion to the one God and his Prophet [is] unsectarian in its character. 1887 Ruskin Prseterita II. 195 A standard of the purest unsectarian Christianity. sb. 1888 Pall Mall G. 20 Nov. 4/1 In Sheffield the victory was with the Unsectarians, in Manchester it was with the Sectarians.

unsec'tarianism. (un-*

12; cf. prec.) 1866 Spectator i Dec. 1325 Making such a fuss about unsectarianism in religion.

unsec'tarianize, u. (un-** 6c((>).) 1832 J. S. Mill Let. 17 Sept, in Wks. (1963) XH. 118 The editor & his writers..are but Unitarians Sc liberals, unsectarianized. 1836-Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 200 The very first step.. should be to unsectarianize them [sc. the Universities] wholly.

un'secular, a. (un-* 7.) 1846 Worcester (citing Ec. Rev.). 1849 A. Baker in J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 33* All will agree.. that they [sc. buildings] should have., a humble unsecular air. 1859 Dickens, etc. Haunted House vi. We were every Sunday advertising the establishment in ax' unsecular way.

un'secularize, v. (un-** 6 c (6).) i8i6 A. Knox Rem. (1844) I. 66 The humbled and unsecularized priesthood of the English Church. 1842 Pusey Crisis Eng. Ch. 127 Our Church has been in part unCatholicized by those who helped.. to unsecularize her. 1897 W. C. Hazlitt Ourselves 60 The clergy .. more or less unseculanse them [sc. women].

tunse'eure, a. Obs. (un-* 7 and 5 b.) 1636 [Denham] Destr. Troy 2 Now but an unsecure and open Bay. 1685 Ld. Perth in Lond. Gaz. No. 2031/7 They render us unquiet and unsecurc at home. 1700 Blackmore Job 67 He in his prosperous state is unsecure.

UNSECURED 1726 Leoni Alberti's Archit. H. 100/1 It may be unsecure gainst sudden incursions of enemies. 1729 T. Innes Crit. Ess. (1879) 184 Looking on their religion as unsecure as long as the queen’s authority was acknow’Iedged.

b. Const, of, or to with inf. }a 1685 Roscommon Virgil's Sixth Eel. Poems (1749) 77 None who under that protection came Was ever ill receiv’d, or unsecure of fame. 1693 Fleetwood Serm. 13 Depending ..on Accidents in Nature, which are var>’ing every Day, uncertain, unsecure to be relied upon.

unse'eured, ppL a. (un-^ 8.) 1780 Burke (Econ. Reform Wks. 1906 II. 319 .4 supply of unsecured money.. wholly at the discretion of ministers. 1821 Scott Keniltv. xli. He left, therefore, the Countess’s door unsecured on the outside. 1866 Sat. Ret’. 22 Sept. 361/1 All corn, therefore, unsecured, cut or uncut, is considerably discoloured. 1882 De Windt Equator 86 Their jet-black hair was unsecured and allowed to fall in profusion down their backs.

tunse'eurity. Obs.-^ (un-^ 12 and 5b.) 1591 CONINGSBY Jr«/. Siege Rouen in Camden Misc. I. 64 I.ytle provision commeth to our markett, what for the unsecurytie of the passage for pore men.

unse'date, a. (un-* 7,) 1823 Hone Anc. Mysteries 262 Their obsolete costume and hobbling walk are sport for the unsedate.

un'sedentary, a. (un-^ 7.) 1814 WoRDSW. Excurs. vii. 193 Meanwhile the unsedentary Master’s hand Was busier with his task. 1915 VV. B. Yeats Tribute to Thomas Davis (1947) 15 A gallant unsedentar>’ man.

unse'duce, v. (un-^ 3.) 1664 N. Incelo Bentiv. ^ Ur. Index, Misoplanus, one that hates Cheaters, takes pains to discover their Frauds and to unseduce the deceiv’d.

unse'duced, ppl. a. (un-* 8 and 5 c.) 1565 [see UN-' 5c]. i6ii Shaks. Cymb. i. iv. 173 If shee remaine vnseduc’d .. you shall answer me with your Sword. 1667 Milton P.L. v. 896 Unshak'n, unseduc’d, unterrifi’d His Loyaltie he kept. 1721 Southerne Spartan Dame ii. i, Among so many false one man yet true, Unshaken, unseduced. 1751 Smollett Per. Pic. Ixxxi, He remained unshaken, unseduced, preserving his attachment for me. 1830 Mackintosh Progr. Eth. Philos. (1862) 200 Having been unseduced by the temptations either of scepticism, or of useless idealism. 1866 Felton Anc. & Mod. Gr. I. xi. 195 Still unseduced, unstained by vice.

unse'ducible, a. (un-’ 7.) 1869 Lyndesay's Wks. 436 marg., A judge, come from afar, unwavering, unseducible.

un'see, f. rare, [un-* 14 and un-® 3.] trans. To avoid seeing; to leave, or make, unseen. a 139s Hylton Scala Perf. ii. xl. (W. de W. 1494), Whan he sheweth him the soule may not vnsee hym, for he is lyghte. 1865 J. Grote Explor. Philos, i. 243 We cannot unsee the prospect before us. 1871 Kingsley At Last xvii, At last we had seen it; and we could not unsee it.

un'seeable, a. [uN-i7b.] Invisible. 01400 in Hampole's Wks. (1895) I- 124 Our blyssed vnseable god may be perseyued alanle be inly vnderstandyng. Ibid. 165 It is..nerhand vnpossibull to a fleshle saule .. for to ryse in knaw>’ng of vnseabull ^[i]nges. ? 1531 Tindale Exp. ist Ep. John Wks. (1572) 427/2 Of the ver>' Sacrament it selfe we know no other thyng then that we come thether to see an vnseable miracle. 1548 Geste Pr. Masse Cii, That the substance of ye bred, whiche is vnseable, shuld be worshipped. 1719 De Foe Vis. Angelic World 44 To see things unseeable, as St. Paul heard things unutterable. 1880 Boston Jrnl. Chem. Dec. 134/2 It is assumed that spirit is unseeable.

Hence f un'seeably adv. Obs. a 139s Hylton Scala Perf. ii. xi. (MS. Bodl. 592), pee fforjifnesse of synne is doon ghostli and vnseabli J>oru3 grace of pe hooligoost. Ibid. ii. xxx, He was vnseabli felid in pe myites of her soulis.

un'seeded, a. [un-* 9.] Not having or bearing seed. 1884- Imp. Diet., etc.

un'seeded, p/)/. a. [un-^ 8.] Unsown. [*775 Ash.] 179* Cowper Odyss. ix. 140 The unseeded and unfurrow’d soil., food for blatant goats supplies. 1828-32 Webster, Unseeded,. .r\ox sown. (Local.) N. England.

un'seeing, vbl. sb. (un-^ 13.) i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. viii, i. §14. 164 False seeing IS unseeing, - on the negative side of blindness.

un'seeing, ppL a. [un-^ 10, sd, Cf. OE. unseseonde not yet seeing, MHG. unsehende (G. unsehend) in sense 2.] 11. Unseen, invisible. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 25010 W'it Hs word ‘heuen’ |7ou vnderstand .\] gastli thing and vnseand.

2. Not seeing; lacking sight. Freq. in recent use, esp. with eyes. 1591 Shaks. Tivo Gent. iv. iv. 209 Else by loue, I vow, I should h^ue scratch d out your vnseeing eyes. ri6oo•^nn. xliii, How would thy shadowes forme, forme happy show,.. W hen to vn-seeing eyes thy shade shines so? 1795 Southey of Arc iv. 66 W’ith a full eye, that of the orcling throng And of the visible w'orld unseeing, seem’d o^j«cts seen by none beside. 1819 Monthly Mag. XL\ 111. 33 As one who, sever’d from the maid he loves. Rolls an unseeing eye on all beside. 01830 Ld. Cockburn Mem. (1856) 17 But the garden!.. unseen and unseeing, it was a world of its ow n. 1873 Miss Braddon Lucius Davoren I • 57 He looked at his friend s face with blank unseeing eyes.

188

UNSEEMLY

z888 D. C. Murray Weaker Vessel ii. After an apparently unseeing glance at one of its pages.

3. With object: Without seeing. 1632 Lithgow Trav. x. 445, I haue gone eighteene leagues,.. vnseeing house or Village. 1798 Southey Joan of Arc (ed. 2) i. I. 124, I sat in silence,.. unheeding and unseeing all Around me.

Hence un'seeingly adv. 1893 Marie Corelli Barabbas xxxiii, Barabbas went out, wandering almost unseeingly in the open street.

un'seeking, pp/. a. (un-‘ sd, lo.) 1583 Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 586 Quhairintill his Hienes hes occupeit himself.. unseiking the hurt and ruyne of quhatsumevir his subjectis. 1799 Coleridge Lett. (189O 272 He might as well have been in England as at Goslar, in the situation which he chose and with his unseeking manners. 1878 Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. xxiii. 207 Love faithful, devoted, unseeking of self, and asking only to bless.

tun'seel, u. Obs. [un-® 3.] 1. trans. To unsew (the eyes of a hawk, etc.); fig., to open, unclose. 1530 Palsgr. 766/2, I unceyle a haukes eyes, or other byrdes, I cut the stytehes that closed his eyes togyther. 01587 Q. Eliz. in Puttenham Eng. Poesie in. xx. (Arb.) 255 Then dazeld eyes with pride, which great ambition blinds, Shalbe vnseeld by worthy wights. 1612 J. Davies (Heref.) Muse's Sacr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 37/1 Vnseele mine Eyes, that long thy Light to see. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. xi. xxx, Still to have toting waits unseel thine eyes In bed, at board.

2. To unsew or uncover the eyes of (a hawk, etc.). Also_^g. *53® Palsgr. 766/2 Unceyle your pigyon and .. he wyll go from your hauke. 1575 Turberv. Falconrieqi Watche hir all that nighte that you unseale hir. 16x2 Warner Alb. Eng. XIII. Ixxvi. 315 This Athiest and that Epicure grant thou whom they on^end That I vnceele, and of my Verse thy Glory be the end. 1618 Latham Falconry xxvii. 124 Let them haue the rest [sc. doves] giuen vnseild with some few feathers drawne from them. 1(^6 Blome Gentl. Recr. 11. 36 In the Evening by Candle-light unseal her, giving her something to tyre upon. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Falcon, Give her a bit or two upon the Lure, and unseel her.

t unseeled, obs. var. unceiled pp/. a. *594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. liij, Whiles I, thorough a crannie of my vpper chamber vnseeled, had beheld all this sad spectacle.

fun'seeliness. Obs. [un-^ un^esdli^es.] Unhappiness.

12.

Cf.

OE.

a 1300 E.E. Psalter xiii. 7 Forbreking and vnselines ai [are] In waies of pmm. c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. v. (1868) 131 pus see I wel.. what blisfulnesse or ellys what vnselinesse is establissed in pe desertys of goode men and of shrewes.

tun'seely, a. Obs. [OE. uns^li^ {un- un-^ 7 + Sceli^ SEELY a.), = WFris. on-, unsillich, NFris. unsalegj MDu. onsdlich (Du. onzalig), MLG. unsalich, OHG. unsdlig (MHG. unsdlich, unsaelic, -ec, G. unselig).'\ 1. Of persons: a. Unfortunate, unhappy, miserable, wretched; deserving pity. a t^oo Juliana 450 Ic pec halsige.. paex >>u miltsije me .. psx [ic] unsalig call ne forweorl?e. a 1023 Wulfstan Horn. (1883) 52 Deofol.. sedeS swa J>urh J^set, paex unsdlig man wisdomes ne gymeS. C1200 Ormin 4812 Unnseli3 mann Anim icc onn eorpe wurrl>enn. c 1275 xi Pains Hell 7 in O.E. Misc. 147 Vnsely gost hwat dostu here? C1374 Chaucer Boeth. IV. pr. iv. (1868) 124 3it mot it nedes be p^x shrewes ben more wrecches and vnsely. 1388 Wyclif Rom. vii. 24 Y am an vnceli man; who schal delyuer me fro the bodi of this synne? 14.. Seven Points Wisd. iii. (MS. Douce 114) fol. 108 Loo I vnselye .. sowht abowte to gete me a wyfe. 1513 Douglas JEneid i. xi. 36 The fey wnsely Dido, For the rnischeif to cum predestinate, Mycht not refrene. Ibid. v. viii. 86 Vnsilly wycht! quhow did thi mynd invaid Sic gret wodnes? a 1555 Philpot tr. Curio Exam. & Writ. (Parker Soc.) 418 Barbarous words by the which unto unsely [L. incautis'\ and foolish folk they avaunt themselves to be marvelled at.

b. Bringing misfortune on oneself or others; unlucky; evil-doing, wicked. at was vnsemond, slipped hym fro. c 1400 Laud Troy Bk. 10029 Hit is foly and vnsemyng A man to leue on fals dremyng. c 1460 G. .Ashby Dicta Philos. 967 On erthe ther is no thing so vnsemyng As a kynge to be in predacion. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Rom. 27 Vnseamyng is it for loue of suche a meane, to dispise the ende. 1550 Bale Eng. Votaries ii. 29 Remembrynge.. that nothynge was more vnsemynge, than an olde dottynge foie.. so to rage.

c. Const, for or to. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Prov. xxvi. i What maner sno, in somer,.. so vnsemende is to the fool glorie. ei400 Destr. Troy 1846 hat hynd .. hat ye kepe in youre company.. As subiecte vnto syn, vnsemyng for you. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 64 W ith thir, and siclike inhumane cruelteis, unsemand to ane prince. 1592 Wyrley Armorie 20 As these things are vnseeming for him to weare.

d. With direct object. Obs. X592 Golding De Mornay (ed. 2) i. 12 He is tempted of his lustes, a thing altogether vnseeming the Godhead. 1620 Mason Newfoundland 5 Fishing is a beastly trade and unseeming a Gentleman. 1648 Gage West Ind. 44 The beds only were unseeming this great state, very poor. 1701 Stanley’s Hist. Philos, (ed. 3) too, I think it most unseeming a Philosopher to sell his advice.

2. Unapparent. rare. 1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 174 The elephants ponderously, with unseeming swiftness, galloped uphill in the night.

Hence f un'seemingness.

Obs.

1540 Wyatt in Fliigel Neuengl. Lesebuch I. 348 Here I allegid the vnsemingnes to gyve credence to his word.

un'seemingly, adv. rare, U nbecomingly.

[un-* ii; cf. prec.]

1619 A. Newm.an Pleas. Vis. (1840) 13 Euen some of., tender age Vnseemingly can vaunt how they will.. carouse. 1656 Eirentkon 28 Love.. Unseemingly doth not itself behave. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 23 Dec. 2/3 That ophthalmia is unseemingly rife still is proved by [etc.].

tun'seemlily, arfti. Obs. [un-* ii.] = UNSEEMLY adv. 1483 Cath. Angl. 329/2 Vn Semelily, jndecenter, jneonuenienter. a 1661 Holyday ^utena/ (1673) 177 Such [gifts] as thou.. dost unseemlily receive at the same times.

un'seemliness. [f. next, or un-* 12.] 1. The quality of being unseemly in respect of action, conduct, etc. c 1380 Wyclif 5c/. Wks. HI. 43 Unsemelynesschulde not be in Cristes Chirche. 1549 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. 2 Thess. iii. 11 b. Getting their liuyng with their owne handes, rather than to be greuouse vnto other with shamles crauinges & vnsemelines. 1577 tr. Bullinger's Decades 510/2 What vnseemelinesse soeuer is committed against God and his Church. 1678 Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. i. §82. 466/2 The Emperour did expostulate the unseemliness of the deed with him. 1829 Lytton Devereux i. xiii, I saw the unseemliness of fighting with my preceptor, and a priest. 1871 JowETT Plato IV. 170 His virtue being such, that he never.. fell into any great unseemliness.

2. The quality of being appearance; uncomeliness.

unseemly

in

1597 A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 23/1 The cleavinge in the Hopes is such an vnseemlines and deformitye. 1603 G. Owen Pembrokeshire (1892) 44 Parchinge of the sunne, and starveinge with cold is a cheefe cause of the vnseemelynes of the comon people of the countrey. 1846 Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. I. igs Johnson. It makes an unseemly appearance in the type. Tooke. The unseemliness is not equal to the absurdity.

un'seemly, a. (and sb.) [un-* 7. Cf. ON. usdmilig-r (Icel. ossemilegur. Da. usemmelig, Norw. usemeleg, etc.).] 1. Unbecoming, unfitting; indecent. a 1310 in W’right Lyric P. viii. 31 Ofte in song y have hem set, that is unsemly ther hit syt. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 171 pei did a foule trespas, it was vnsemly hing. a X400-50 Alexander 99 For soth it is vnsemely slike sawis of a prynce. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 367/1 On-semely, indecens, inconveniens. 1542 Hen. VIII Declar. Scots Aiv, With that vnsemely dissimulation, we were not a lytell moued. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xlviii. §4 Things in themselues vnholie or vnseemly we may not aske. 1645 Ussher Body Div. 218 That no unseemely behaviour proceed from us. 1692 E. W.ALKER tr. Epictetus’ Mor. 1, Nor would they anything unseemly say. 1738 Waterland Chr. Sacr. Expl. Appendix 1. 6 An unseemly Reflection upon.. The Sacrifices of God. X79X Cowper Odyss. xvii. 243 .A squalid beggar., in unseemly garb attir'd. 1824 Dibdin Libr. Comp. 616 Shall..

UNSEEMLY

189

ail editions be passed over in a sort of unseemly silence? 1855 Macavlay Hist. Eng. xvii. I\'. 39 The news., threw him into a passion, which hurried him into many foolish and unseemly actions. 1871 Frfeman A'orm. Conq. xviii. IV’. 155 I'o offer to William., an insult as unseemly as it was senseless. absol. 1880 Sat. Ref. 7 Aug. 1622 Partaking not a little of the unwise as well as of the unseemly.

b. Const, for (fo/, to) and with inf. 1300 Body & Soul in Map's Poems (Camden) 335 Thou3 art unsemly for to se, uncomli for to cussen suweic. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xxi. {Clement) 659 Savand, vnscmly ware to se cristine man begare to be. rx^5 t^ECOCK Donet 139 Ful vnseemcly and vntreuli it is to seie pat [etc.]. 1551 Records Pathxc. to Knou'l. i. Def., It shall not be vnsemely to call all suche shapes, formes and figures [etc.]. 1581 Mulcaster Positions ii. 5 It is a thing not vmseemely for me to deale in. 1583 Sti bbes Anat. Abus. 1. Pvij, How vnhonest soeuer, or vnseemly of Christian eares his argument be. a'\T bodys sal alle unsemely be. And foul, and ugly, opon to se. 1390 Gower Con/. I. 96 Which of alle kinde Of wommen is thunsemlieste. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. 11. 55 The dime dale and durke vnsemely to see to. c 1400 Pilgr. Sotvle ((Paxton) IV. xxxviii. (18^9) 63 He found .. an old vnsemely one. I ne can nought calle hyr lady. e vertu of Ii3t worchep vnseyniich [L. invisibiliter] feling and meuynge in beestes.

0x400 Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 503/377 Bi heore onswere pei wuste ful wel J?at pei hedde spoken muchel vncel.

un'segmented, ppl. a. (un-' 8.)

rx200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 13 3ef man haueC to done mid his rihte spuse on unsele o8er an untime pan man faste sal.

2. An improper time. 1848 Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. 297 Body ovate, ventricose,.. even and unsegmented. 1875 Huxley Sc Martin Elem. Biol. 206 Its posterior unsegmented part.. nearly as long as the segmented part.

un'seizable, a. (UN-'yb.) 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 44 Beauty,., beaming forth like an essence, felt but unseizable, in the wide sunny landscape. 1885 Meredith Diana xiii. She swam above them in a cocoon of her spinning, sylphidine, unseizable.

t un'seize, t). Obs. [un-* 3.] 1. trans. To detach from something held or that holds; spec, in hawking. 1575 Turberv. Faulconrie 95 When she hath fedde, take it from hir and vnseaze hir. 1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d' Alf. I. To Vulgar, Who is hee that can be so haj^y as to .. unseaze himselfe from thy griping talons? 1635 Quarles Embl. i. xii. i Be thy lips skrew’d so fast To th’ earth’s full breast? For shame, for shame unseise thee. Ibid. 3 Unseise thy lips. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Falcon, To which if she come well.. and hastly seize it, let her cast two or three bits thereon. That done, unseize, take her off the Lure.

2. To let go, take one’s hands off. 1663 Tuke Adv. 5 Hours 1. 8 He, at the stroke, unseas’d me, and gave back.

fun'sele, a. Obs. [OE. unii/e (un-'7), = ON. and Icel. u-, ossell (Sw. osall. Da. ussel), unhappy, wretched, Goth, unsels evil, wicked. Cf. SELE sb.] a. Unlucky, bad. b. Unfortunate, wretched. c 1050 Voc. in Wr.-W’iilcker 421 Inprobus, unssele, jemah. 1200 Moral Ode 199 Nere namon elles ded ne sec ne nan unsele. c 1275 Lay. 23868 )>e king was onseale pat he euere poht wip Arthur to fihte. c 1300 Prov. Hendvng in Rel. Ant. I. 113 Holde ich no mon for vnsele Oper whyle pah he fele Sum pyng pat him smerte. 13.. Cursor M. 6149 (Gott.), bairn he did pair asking haue, For to reue pat folk vn-sele.

a

Hence tun'sel(e)ly adv. Obs.-' 1275 Lay. 7022 Suppen was his sone king, bat onselliche lifuede. c

unse'lect, a. (un-' 7.) 1826 Miss Mitford Village Ser. ii. 256 A prodigious bundle of autographs, particularly unselect. 1867 P. Fitzgerald 75 Brooke St. ii. xiii, Select, even in their unselect way. 1882 Athen^um 2 Sept. 299/1 The modern Jew as he lives and moves among the unselect.

unse'lecting, ppl. a. (un-' lo.) [1828-32 Webster.] 1895 Daily News 11 June 4/7 Realists try to look at life with the unselecting eyes of the camera.

un'seized,/)/>/. a. (un-^ 8.)

un'self, sb. (un-' 12.)

a 1400-50 Alexander 5334, I sail surely pe saue vnsesid of pe berbrens. i68x Dryden Abs. & Achit. i. 258 If unseiz’d, she glides aw’ay like wind; And leaves repenting Folly far behind, a 1700 Evelyn Diary 6 Sept. 1666, Watching at all places contiguous to unseised houses. 1818 Keats Endym. 11. 464 He was .. content to see An unseiz’d heaven dyii^ at his feet. 1895 Nat. Counc. Congregat. Ch. (U.S.) 177 The unseized opportunities of this, .mission field.

1822 Coleridge Lett., Comers., etc. 11. ii6 There was neither self nor unself in the flash .. of pleasurable sensation. 1893 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ II. 367 Let us examine .. whether His spirit of unself, or the spirit of self and of the world, be the more in us.

a. a 122$ Leg. Kath.

b. Const, of (= by). Also absol.

un'seldom, adv. [un-^ i i b. Cf. prec.] unseldom (misused for), not rarely, infrequently.

funsel, a. and sb. Sc. and north. Obs. Also 6 vnsall, -sale, -sell, 7 ouncel. [var. of unsele a.] 1. adj. Unlucky, wretched; wicked. C1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xv. 40 Gais furth, I send 30U, I 30U tel, as lammys amang wolfis vnsel. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xiv. 79 Off Sathanis sen3ie syne sic ane vnsall men3ie .. was nevir hard nor sene. />/. a. 01704 T. Brown Dial. Dead Wks. 1711 IV. 98 As a Bookseller hates an unselling Author. 1720 Humourist 124 As you may see in certain unselling Dialogues of the Art of Poetry.

fun'selth. Obs. [OE. unsilp ungesilp, see un-‘ 3), = unsalda, unsdltha (MHG. unsdlde, etc.).] Unhappiness,

(un- un-^ 12; also OHG. unsalida, unsxlde, MLG. infelicity, misery.

r888 K. .^tLFRED Boeth. x, ftaet is seo maeste unsael6 on hys and weardan life, c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) xiii. 7 Hie wilnia6 ealle maejne ot>era manna uns2Elt?a. a 1200 Moral Ode 374 Nis t>er sorewe ne sor, ne neure nan vn-sealf>e. C1250 Gen. & Ex. 3026 Do wex \’n-sel6e on hem wel hard. C1315 Shoreham I. 823 Na more ne greue)> hyt ihesus.. J>a3 eny best deuoured hyt, Ot>er eny ot>er onselt?e. c 1425 Eng. Conq. Ireland 50 Euery seith hath wnselth at J?e end.

unsembly, obs. var. unseemly a. tun'seminared,

ppl. Deprived of virility. 1606 Shaks. Ant. & Cl. t.

a.

Obs.~'

[un-^

8.]

I, Tis well for thee, That being vnseminar’d, thy freer thoughts May not flye forth of Egypt. V.

t un'sene, a. Obs. rare. [un-‘ 7 + sene a. Cf. OE. unsesene and ON. usynn.\ Invisible; not obvious. r 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 47 On ure helendes lichame wiSuten sene, pe holie saule wiSinne unsene, c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 2878 Ic .. swanc and michel sorwe dre3; 3et ist vnsene hu 1C It bi-te3? t un sensably, adu.

[un-* ii.]

= unsensibly

adv. 1. ■ **• (MS. Bodl. 592), Not m bodih liknesse but vnsensabli bi preuie hid presence of his goosth my3t.

t un’sensate, fl. Obs.-^ [un-*7, 5 b.] Insensat 1561 Eden Arte Nauig. Pref., Yf they be lyuely membe and not wythered or otherwyse vnsensate by reason of dej neshe.

unsen'sational, a. (un-* 7.) Also, in recent use, unsensaiionalism, -ally adv. 1854 Eliot tr. Feuerbach's Essence Christianity xx 213 God sees..all objects of sense in an unsensation manner. 1865 Pall Mall G. 8 Aug. 11 The name of a Fren< novel, quiet and unsensationaL 1881 ‘Rita’ My Lac

6. Not showing good or sound sense. at pei mowe not afterward be parted atwynne. 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 495/1 Was himself.. companion to saynt Poule, & that so continuall and so vnseparable, y‘.. he neuer departed from him? I56> T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer iv. Xxiijb, This is the beawtye vnseperable from the high bountye. 1587 Golding De Mornay v. 67 Fire.. hath in it both heate and brightnesse vnseparable. 1645 Milton Divorce (ed. 3) I. i. 7 The first institution will be objected to have ordain’d marriage unseperable. 1697 Jeremy Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. i. 5 Self-love.. is an unseparable Passion of humane nature. 1737 Gentl. Mag. VH. 14/2 Placed between two Words joyned together in unseparable Concord.

Hence un'separableness. 1587 Fenner Def. Ministers 116 Hee maketh the case of both alike in regarde of the propertie and v'nseparablenes of the bande.

tun’separably, adv.

Obs.

UNSERVICEABLE

91

. went unsent for. 1753 Richardson Grandtson (1781) IV. xiv. 104 That no third person, unsent for, can be welcome.

(un-* ii and 5b.)

1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 514/2 And with them the godhead vnseperably ioyned. 1586 W. W’ebbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 80 Thys verse is alwayes vnseperably adioyned vnto the Hexameter. 1622 Callis Stat. Sewers (1647) 14 A pretty difference, where the act to be done is unseparably tied to ones person, and where not. 1698 S. Clarke Script. Justif. iv. 18 That Pardon is unseparably join’d with Justification.

t un'separate, ppl. a. Obs. (un-* 8 b, 5 b; cf. next.) Hence t un'separateness. Obs.~^ *553 Short Catech. in Liturgies, etc. (Parker Soc.) 513 True faith and works ‘unseparate. 1563 Foxe A. & M. 540 .As heat followeth euer with the fire vnseparate there from. 1591 Jas. I Lepanto, Chorus Angel, ii Our onlie one vnseparate, And yet in persons three. 1668 H. More Dif. Dial. I. 121 Then Rest and Unseparateness of parts are all one,, .and •Unseparateness and Union all one.

un'separated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1545 CovERDALE Def. Certain Chr. Man Eiiijb, Therfore will we discerne these thre thinges,.. but so that they remayne vnseparated. 1577 tr. Ballinger's Decades ili. vi. 373/1 He being one and the same Christ vnseperated. 1620

1680 H. Dodwell Two Lett. (1691) To Rdr. §9 The lives and unseriousness of some of our conformable Clergy. 1973 I. Robinson Survival of English ii. 62, I am not discussing in this book the gross popular examples of breakdown or coarsening.. nor shall I more than mention the increasing unseriousness of the denominational press. 1978 Detroit Free Press 5 Mar. b 9/1 Aliette works so hard she brooks no unseriousness.

un'serrated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1840 Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 79 The edge of the long inferior incisors is unserrated.

un'served, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not served or furnished with something; not attended to. C1350 Leg. Rood (1871) 85 Sen sekenes es sent to .)?e )>ir men sail noght vnserued be, J?ai sail haue nayles or p&i ga. 1433 Rolls of Parlt. IV. 439/t Yf I shuld paye hem, youre Household, Chambre and Warderope.. shuld be unservid and unpaide. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 302 Onely Phocion was remainyng unserved by reason that the poison had been all consumed by the others, a 1585 Montgomerie Cherry & Slae 1083 W’ho came uncald, unserv’d shuld sit. 'were withdrawn, and the processes remained unserved.

fb. Of. Not returned as heir.

Obs.

1490 Acta Dom. Cone. (1839) 125/2 Patrik and William.. sail nocht fortify pe partij pat beis one seruit be that inquest.

4. Not served up. 1871 Ruskin Fors Clav. iii. The waiter then and there packed his knapsack and departed,.. leaving my dinner unserved.

5. With for: For which service has not been done. *555 Oh. Goods (Surtees) 157, xij li bequeithed.. to the finding of a prieste there for iij yeares.., whereof remayned unserved for at the tyme.., xiijs. iiijd.

t un’serviable, Unserviceable.

a.

Obs.-'

[un-*

7 b.]

1544 Betham Precepts War i. xcii. Evjb, They [sc. gunners] be vnseruyable, and can do no good.

fun'service. Obs. (un-* 4 b, 12.) 1611 Florio, Disseruitu, vnseruice, disseruice. 1624 Massinger Pari. Love i. v, Where you tax us for unservice, lady, I never knew a soldier yet that could Arrive into your favour.

un'serviceable, a. [un-* 7 b and 5 b.] 1. Of things: Not capable of being employed for their proper purpose. *535 Wardr. Kath. Arragon 33 in Camden Misc. Ill, The thurde [chair] is broken and unservesable. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 25 The beast.. his late wounded wing vnseruiceable found. 1600 in St. Papers, Dom. (1869) 437 The others [= signets] having become unserviceable from long use. 166^ Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. 11. App. 328 Besides a not despicable quantity of terrestrial and unserviceable matter. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. iii. iii. §17 The supposition .. is so .. unserviceable to any part of our knowledge. 1713 Berkeley Guard. No. 35, His intellectuals, I observed, were grown unserviceable by too little use. 1737 tr. Le Comte's Mem. Gf Remarks China Pref., They might not be unserviceable to those who might.. take up such a design. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 339 The horse I hire., may be in any degree serviceable or unserviceable. 1830 H. N. Coleridge Grk. Poets i A perusal of these Introductions may not be unserviceable to many well educated readers. 1857 Dickens Dorrit i. xxxii. What with her flapping cap, and .. her unserviceable eye.

b. spec. Of ships, guns, etc. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 35 The ships, .so shaken with the tempest, that they became altogether unserviceable. 1618 in Essex Rev. (1908) XVI I. 102 The moderne use doth altogether exclude the caliver as unservicable. *707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4362/2, 10 Ships were destroyed.., and several others rendred wholly unserviceable. 1748 Anson's Voy. II. iv. 165 Three four pounders, which were altogether unserviceable. 1811 Regul. Orders Army 91 The disposal of Unserv'iceable Arms. 1865 Cameron Malayan India 246 It is not that the forts are ungarrisoned,.. but that they are unserviceable. 1876 Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Diet. 446/2 Unserviceable, the term is applied.. to all stores which are no longer of use, being either obsolete or worn out.

2. Of persons: Unable to be of service; not rendering service or help; useless. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 240 You haue too much liuing, and are vnseruiceable to your prince, lesse will serue you. 1614 W. B. Philosophers Banquet (ed. 2) 121 One that would be vnseruiceable to him, and vnprofitable to the Commonwealth. 1655 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 217, I did long since tell you that poore man would be made onseruiceable to you. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. i. 13 Our sick are about the same;.. McGary and Riley unserviceable. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. in. ii, I am an unser\-iceablc friend of hers.

b. Spec. Not capable of rendering military (or naval) service. 1596 Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 653/2 The rebells .. will tume away all theyr rascall people, whom they thinke unserviceable, Shaks. All's Well iv. iii. 152 Fiueorsixe thousand, but very weake and vnseruiceable: the troopes are all scattered. i68x Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 151 Poor souldiers rendred unserviceable by age, wounds, &c. 1786 Burke/JrL agst. W. HastingsVIks. 1842 II. 191 The country troops.. would be ill-disciplined and unserviceable, if not worse. 1834 Marryat P. Simple I. 124 Some of them were retained, but most of them sent on shore as unserviceable. 1881 Jowett Thucyd. I. 146 The Plataeans had already conveyed to Athens their wives,.. with the rest of their unserviceable population. transf. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 707 Unserviceable ticket', this is made out in the same manner, and requires the same notations, as a sick-ticket.

3. Marked by disinclination to be of service. 16x4 Raleigh Hist. World v. vi. 657 Such men of note.. as had any way discouered an vnseruiceable disposition towards the Romans.

4. Prejudicial, disadvantageous. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. IV. ^86 To reform his Temper, which I’m afraid is more unserviceable to Religion than any Hypothesis of mine can be.

Hence unservicea'bility.

UNSERVICEABLENESS 1884

Cyclists’ Tour. Cl. Gaz. unserviccabihty of thr new substitute.

Nov.

335/1

I'he

1611

CoTGR., /wu/iVi/e,.. vnseruiceablenesse. 1640 Sanderson Serm. (1681) II. 173 The unscrviceableness of any thing to edification 1683 Pepys Diary at Tangier in Life, etc. (1841) I. 452 I'he unscrviceableness of the Mole by reason of those winds. 01832 Bentham Draught of Code Wks. 1843 IV. 399 How many bad and unserviceable ones have, by this very unserviceableness, become popular! 1864 Miss Yonge Trial II. 20 The unserviceableness of his maimed arm.

(i n-^ ii.)

1611 CoTGR., /wM/iVemen/,.. vnseruiceably. 1661 Beveridge Prir. Th. (1709) 156 What is the reason, I have hitherto liv’d so unserviceably to God? 1695 Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. 48 It.. does not enlarge the Dimensions of the Globe, or.. lye idly and unserviceably there.

un'servicelike, a. (uN-^ 7 c.) 1614 Andrhwes Serm. on Easter Day 39 vnseruicelike our seruice is.

7'hey see how

c 1600 Shaks. Sonn. xvi. Many maiden gardens yet vnset, With vertuous wish would beare your liuing flowers.

6. Not placed in a setting; unmounted. *561 T. Hoby tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer ii. Rib, A iewell that vnsett seemeth faire. C1592 Bacon Conf. Pleasure (1870) 15 I f these rich peeces be so faire vnsett, what are they sett? 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1906/4 .\n Emerald unset,., having a narrow Bizel. 1702 Ibid. No. 3811/4 Lost.., a large Diamond-drop,.. unset. 1884 West. Daily Press 20 June 7/5 Necklets of unset amethysts,.. and other stones. 1891 Sciertce-Gossip XXVII. 36/1 Lack of uniformity in unset specimens.

7. Not composed or arranged. 1631 Brathwait Whimzies, Traveller 93 Not an irregular haire about him, nor an unset looke to attend him, nor an uncomposed cringe to accoutre him. 1821 Lamb Elia i. Ears, Those unconnected, unset sounds are nothing to the measured malice of music.

8. Not surgically set. ai66i Fuller Worthies, General i. (1662) 61 An unset bone is better then a bone.. ill set.

un'servile, a. (uN-* 7.)

9. Of the sun; Not gone beneath the horizon.

1701 Collier M. Aurel. iv. xlix. 61 Does the present Accident hinder your being Honest, .and Unservile? 1773 Mrs. Grant Lett.fr. Mount. (1807) I. ii. 19 We are charmed with .. unservile courtesy in the lower class. 1847 Carlyle m Froude Life in Lond. (1884) I. 409 Reporters to the daily papers, whose industry is the humblest of all real or unservile kinds in literature. 1866 Eliza Meteyard Hedgwood II. 273 Wedgwood’s exquisite yet unservile copies of antique art.

un'set, V. [uN-* 3, 7. Cf. OE. unsettan (once), to take down.] 1. trans. To put out of place or position; to undo the setting of. 1602 Marston Ant. Sf Mel. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 37 O, you spoyle my ruffe, unset my haire. 1611 Cotgr.. Desplanter... to vnplant. vnset. remoue. 1761 Gray Lett. (1900) II. 204 The man was sent for: he unset it; it was a paste not worth 40 shillings. 1775 Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. Ser. ii. (1862) II. 105 There is some hazard in unsetting enamel for fear of chipping the edges. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xxxii. How could he put the young men to fresh tortures by removing splints and unsetting limbs? 1884 Lavi Times i Nov. 8/1 On the morning in question Dawson had unset the gun.

2. intr. To get out of place or position. 1703 TMORESBY Let. to Ray. Spelk. a wooden splinter tied on, to keep a broken bone from bending or unsetting again.

un'set, ppl. a. [un-' 8 b, 8 c. Cf. Du. ongezet in sense i.] 11. Of time or place: Not previously appointed or arranged. Obs. Chiefly in phr. at unset steven: see Steven sb.^ 2. /. a. (un-* 10.) 16x4 R. Tailor Hog hath lost Pearl 1. i. Whilst dear Carracus Wanders .. through th’ unshelt’ring field, Seeking me. X766 Goldsm. Vicar xxiii. My son, observe this bed of

UNSHELVE

196

straw, and unsheltering roof. 1892 Pall Mall G. 2 Dec. 2/2 Mr. Mitchell still roams the unsheltering streets.

1867 E. F. Burr Ecce Ccelum iii. 63 [The earth] seemed.. so different from them [rr. the heavenly bodies], so unshining.

un'shelve, v.

un'ship, V. [un-2 5, 4, 7. Cf. Du. ontschepen, G. entschiffen.] 1. trans. To take out of, remove or discharge from, a ship; to put on shore (or into a boat, etc.) from a vessel.

(un-* 5.) ^ai8i9 Edin. Ret\ (Seager), To unshelve books. 1876 Nature 13 Jan. 206/2 He is not likely to unshelve w'orks of travel of a past generation. t

un'shend,

obs. var. unshent. 1440 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 610 A1 yeer Thy due attende, or laste Vnshende.

c

t un'shending, pp/. a. Obs.-' [un-' 10.] Not harming or injuring. c 1450 Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 162 So w-as crist borne of the thy maydenhode vnsheendyng.

un'shent, pp/. a. Now arch.

[un-‘ 8 b. Cf. OE. unscended, MDu. ongescendet, -scent, -scant (obs. Du. ongeschent, Du. ongeschend), OHG. ungeschendet (MHG. ungescant), etc.] Uninjured, unharmed, unspoiled, etc.

*303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2733 Vndyrstand .. JiRt.. wrong lugement Shul neuer more be vnshent. a 1400 Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 680/6 per nis no mon fer ne nere bat may him-seluen saue vn-schent. But he pat castep .. To kepe wel Cristes Comaundement. a noo-so Alexander If at je shap 30W to shount vnschent of oure handis, CI460 Totoneley Myst. xv. 3 If thou wyll saue thy self vnshent. *597 Bp. Hall Sat. iv. i. Ho! all ye Females that would Hue vnshent. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. 1. 975 In hope their number keep them shall unshent. 1653 J. Taylor (Water P.) Cert. Trav. Uncert. Journ. 20 Time never was, norn’ere I thinke shall be. That Truth (unshent) might speake, in all things free. 1817 Keats Sleep & Poetry 379 The patient weeds, that now unshent by foam Feel all about their undulating home. 1868 Browning fef Bk. iii. 1409 Let the priest retire, unshent, unshamed. Unpunished. 1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 62 Like one of those the Furnace held unshent.

un'shepherded,

pp/.

a.

(un-^ 8.)

1850 Blackie ^schylus I. 194 Depart, ye sheep unshepherded. 1880 Blackw. Mag. Mar. 283 A strange fiock, evidently unshepherded.

un'sheriff, v.

(un-® 6 b.) 01661 Fuller Worthies, Kent ii. (1662) 95 But he was soon un-SheriflFed by the Kings death, and another of more true Integrity substituted in his room.

o 1450 Contn. Brut 542 He .. saylet toward Normaundy, and londit at Hogges,.. and vnshippit his pepill. 1497 Naval Acc. Hen. VIJ (1896) 324 Ladders for to Shep men and vnship men with. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxviii. ii3b/2 The kynge of Ciper.. arriued at Douer, ..and refreshed hym tyll all his cariage was vnshipped. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 210 They vnshipped their horse and barneys, not knowing in what part ot England they were. 1624 Capt. Smith Virginia v. 174 They vnshipped all their goods., into their Boats. 1641 W. Hakewil Libertie of Subject 102 Impositions are not paid upon the buying and selling of Merchandize, but when they are to ship or unship. 1719 L)e Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 426 In the Voyage .. he had had the Misfortune to be five Times shipp’d and unshipp’d. 1726 Swift Gulliver ii. i. We unshipped our goods. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 6 All hands were busy in unshipping the cargo, to lighten the vessel. 1885 Act 4^-49 Vic. c. 41 § 17 Any harbour.. at which vessels can .. ship or unship goods or passengers. refi. a 1604 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1809) 253 They forthwith landed, and unshipped themselves,

b. To deprive of, dismiss from, a ship. 1829 Marryat F. Mildmay xxi, I should have unshipped him next cruise. 2. Naut. To detach or remove (esp. a mast, rudder, or oar) from a fixed place or position.

1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 235 We were not able to beare in, but by violence were constrained to take the sea agayne, our Pinnesse being vnshipt. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1776), Degarnir le cabestan, to unrig the capstem, by taking off the voyol, and unshipping the bars. 1773 Cook S. Voy. (1777) II. ii. I. 205 He., dived under the boat, and., unshipped the rudder. 1806 Pike S’owrcer (1810) 102 Obliged to unship our mast to prevent its rolling overboard. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. i. i, The speaker at the same time unshipping his scull on that side. 1874 Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. viii. 241 So that., the apparatus.. may.. be.. unshipped and re-shipped again at pleasure. fis- 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVII. 277 Crocken.. beat a Knightsbridge wheelwright.. by unshipping his jaw in the fourth round,

b. In general use.

un'shewed, pp/. a.

[un-‘ 8.] Unshown. C1386 Chaucer Par. T. IP999 Right so fareth synne pat longe tyme is in a man vnshewed. 1559 W. Bercher Nobil. Women Pref. (Roxb.) 90 That no parte shoulde be vnshewed vnto me, a gentleman.. wolde nedes have me with hym in to the contreye.

*793 Smeaton Edystone L. §140 Unshipping the tackle belonging to the lantern. 1832 Lincoln Heraldic Jan. 2 John Page saw Clarke unship the flag on the top of the governor’s house. 1839 F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. 87 No i unships the handspike. 1882 Sala Amer. Revis. (1885) 384 Tell the porter not to unship the little one-legged flap table.. fixed to the wall of the car.

un'shewing, pp/. a. [uN-i 10.] f Secret.

3. tntr. a. To admit of being detached or removed.

1598 R. Markham in Harington’s Nugse Ant. (1804) I. 242 When a man hath so manie shewing friendes, and so manie unshewing enemies.

un'shielded,

pp/.

a.

(un-‘ 8.)

1700 Dryden Ovid's Met. xii. 135 Th’ inviolable Body stood sincere; Though Cygnus.. scornful offer’d his unshielded Side. C1790 A. Wilson Poems, Tears of Britain, Soon will the tempest.. This unshielded bosom most fatally wound. 1817 Scott Harold iii. viii, Unshielded, mail-less, on he goes Singly against a host of foes. 1883 Hardwick's Photogr. Chem. 290 Exposing a small slip of the sensitive paper, unshielded, to the sun’s rays.

un'shiftablet a. [uN-^yb.] 11. Incapable of helping oneself. Obs. 1622 S. Ward Life of Faith in Death 118 These fooles.. neuer thinke of the euill day, and when away they see they must goe, how vnshyftable are they! 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter 11. 9 How unshiftable otherwise shall we be in that houre, how unable to answer at the day of ludgement! 2. Incapable of being shifted; immovable. Foundry 36 Secured so as to be unshiftable in a sea-way.

un'shifted, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) *^43 Greaves Morbus Epidemicus 9 Filth, and nastinesse ‘o apparrell, &c. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk oelv. 182 It never shall be, or at least never was it body unshifted. 1863 Hawthorne Our Old Home (1879) 268 Wearing the unbrushed coat, unshifted linen, and unwashed faces of yesterday.

un'shiftiness.

(un-* 12.)

April 538/2 A molluscous man, too, suddenly ejected from his long-accustomed groove presents just as wretched a picture of helplessness and unshiftiness. i^yo Sat. Rev

23

un'shifting, pp/. a.

(un-' io.)

1811 WoRDSW. To Beaumont i8 An unshifting weathercock. 1817 Chalmers in Edin. Rev. Mar. 15 A small and unshiftmg population.

un'shifty, a.

(un-‘

7. Cf.

unshiftiness.)

1570 Levins Manip. iii Vnshifty, improuidus.

un'shimmering, pp/. a.

(un-‘ io.)

1868 Geo. Eliot Span. Gipsy 50 All thought-teaching form Utters itself m firm unshimmering hues.

un'shingled, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1611 in Essex Rev. XV. 47 The church is unleaded and unshingled. fi8o5 A. Wilson Foresters, The owner indolent and poor, His house unshingled and without a door.

un'shining,/)/)/. a.

(un-* io.)

1682 Creech Lucreiius v. 158 Else the Sun hath secret stores of Heat, Dark and unshining stores, but vastly great.

1834 Marryat P. Simple II. 30 Six large pieces of iron,.. with a gimblet at one end of each, and a square at the other, which fitted to a handle which unshipped. 1844 Stephens Bk. Farm III. 1169 The top-sides..are fitted to ship and unship as occasion may require. 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 2256, The upper ladders unship by means of shifting levers.

b. To become detached. 1867 Smyth Sailor s Word-bk. 161 Capstan-bar Pins, pins inserted through their ends to prevent their unshipping. 1883 Pall Mall G. 13 Mar. 10/2 The boat’s rudder unshi^ed and caused the boat to capsize.

4. To undergo unloading from a vessel. i860 Dickens Christmas Stories, Message fr. Sea i, Such other cargo as was .. unshippin^t the pier.

5. trans. a. Of a horse: To unseat, throw (the rider). 1831 Scott Let. in Westm. Gaz. 14 June (1904) 12/2 My forester walks by his [rc. the pony’s] head for fear a start or sudden stumble should unship me altogether. 1853 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour Ixvii, One [horse] has still his muzzle on, lest he should unship his rider and eat him.

UNSHOE un'shipwrecked, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) ri637 King The Sovereign 14 That golden constellation .. guides the seaman ., Safe and unshipwrack’d through the troubled streams.

un'shirted, a. U.S. slang, [un-* 9.] In phr. unskirted hell, serious trouble; ‘a bad time*. 1932 (Baltimore) 6 Jan. 10/3 When he proposed certain policies on prohibition .. he was given what is known in rural districts hereabouts as ‘unshirted hell’. 1954 F. P. Keyes Royal Box v. 67 She and his playboy son are going to fall for each other and then there will be unshirted hell. 1979 H. Kissinger White House Years xxi. 897 I’ve been catching unshirted hell every half-hour from the President who says we’re not tough enough.

un'shivered, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) *597 Bp- Hall Sat. v. iii, Theirs, like anuilles, bore the hammers head. Our glasse can neuer touch vnshiuered. ? 1827 Mrs. Hemans Last Constantine x, So may thy helmet tower Unshiver’d through the storm.

un'shivering,

a. (un-* io.)

x8i8 Milman Samor vin. unshivering naked foot.

555 On Went Samor with

un'shocked, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1712 Tickell in Spect. No. 532, Thy spotless Thoughts unshock’d the Priest may hear. 1774 Foote Cozeners n. You must have the heart of a tiger, to stand unshocked at such a horrible scene. 1816 Byron Prisoner of Chillon vi. The very rock hath rock’d, And I have felt it shake, unshock’d. 1891 H. Herman His Angel 57 Though her seasoned ear., remained unshocked by an occasional outburst.

un'shod, ppl. a. [un-' 8 b, or f. unshoe v. Cf. UNSHOED ppl. a. and Sw. oskodd.} 1. Of persons, or the feet: Having a shoe or shoes not put on, or taken off; not wearing shoes, barefooted. £■897 K. .Elfred Gregory's Past. C. v. 45 Donne biS us sui6e fracoClice oSer fot unscod. c 1000 .^Ilfric Deut. xxv. IO Nemne bine Eelc man on Israhela folce unsceoda. 0x300 Cursor M. 15099 Tuelue or ma o men vnscod pan has he wit him broght. 1382 Wyclif Isaiah xx. 3 As wente.. Isaie nakid and vnshod. Ibid. 4. 1596 Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 23 There follow’d fast at hand two wicked Hags,.. Their feet vnshod, their bodies wrapt in rags. 1627 Drayton Battle of Agincourt 26 Vnshod, and without stocki^s are the best. 1693 Emilianne’s Hist. Monast. Ord. 156 'The Order of the Unshod Carmelites. 1728 Pope Dune. iii. 114 Men bearded, bald,.. shod, unshod. 1781 Cowper Ep. Prot. Lady 16 With unshod feet they yet securely tread. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xxxiii, He left his shoes on the mat; mounted the stairs unshod. 1870 Rossetti Burden Nineveh ix. Any god Before whose feet men knelt unshod. absol. 1382 Wyclif Deut. xxv. 10 The hows of the vnshod 1847 F. Prandi tr. Cantu's Ref. Europe I. 212 The Order of the Unshod. transf. 1535 Coverdale Deut. xxv. 10 And his name shalbe called in Israel, the vnshodd house.

2. Of horses: Having cast a shoe or shoes; not furnished with shoes. *523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviii. 9/2 Most part of their horses [were] hurt on their back, nor they had nat wherwith to shoo them, that were vnshodde. 1530 ^alsgr. 768/2 Your horse is unshod of bothe his hynder fete. 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. 529 They use their Horses unshod. 1680 Lond. Gaz. No. 1569/4 One dark bay Nag,.. lately rowelled, and trots all, and unshod. 1839 Darwin Voy. Nat. x. 225 [It] would soon disable an unshod horse from taking part in the chase.

3. Not protected by an iron rim, toe-piece, etc. *497 Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 87 A pair wheles vnshodd. 1557 in Raine Richmond. Wills (1853) loi One yron bound wayne and ij. unshode cowpes. 1601 in Moryson Itin. ii. (1617) 204 Ten Culuerings.. mounted vpon vnshod wheeles. 1660 Act 12 Chas. II, c. 4 Rates, Shoyells, unshod, the dozen, iijs. iiijd. 1869 A. Hume Brit. Antiq. 27 The unshod wooden W'heels of timber carriages.

b. To unbalance, upset.

un'shodden,/>/>/. a. (un-' 8 b.)

1827 Chalmers in Hanna Li/e (1851) HI. 163, I really fear Irving’s] prophecies may unship him altogether.

1836 F. Mahony Rel. Father Prout 176 It is far from my purpose .. to tread on such solemn ground save with .. feet duly unshodden. 1838 Lytton Calderon iv, To place our unshodden feet upon the necks of kings.

Hence un'shipped ppl. a., un'shipping vhl. sb. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. (1870) II. iii. 389 A ring of Icelanders, who sat Upon the bales of *unshipped goods. 1497 Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 327 Ladders torshippyng & vnshippyng of men. 1709 Act 8 Anne c. 7 §17 The Persons.. to whose Hands the same shall knowingly come ? *^**®kipping thereof. 1803 Act 43 Geo. Ill, c. 132 §28 To prevent the fraudulently unshipping or re-landing of Goods.

un'shiplike,

a.

(un-* 7 c.)

1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1868) 46 A sullen, cumbrous, ungraceful, unshiplike leviathan. 1859-Lett. (1880) II. xoi, I thought her [rc. the Great Eastern] the ugliest and most unshiplike thing these eyes ever beheld.

un smpment. (t. unship v.) 1846 Worcester (citing Penny Mag.). 1879 MiS5 Braddon Fixen III. 273 Mr. Vawdrey.. came round tc assist in the unshipment of Violet’s belongings.

un shipped, a. [un-' 9.] Not provided with t ship. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton v. (1840) 82 We were.. al upon a level, as to our travelling, being unshipped. 1728 - Voy. round World (1840) 200 W’e should be like £ TOmpany of freebooters loose and unshipped. 1827 Pollok Course T. ii. 241 Choosing, thus unshipped, Uncompassed unprovisioned, ..To swim a sea of breadth immeasurable

un'shipshape, a.

(un-'

7.)

1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 198/2 Never was seen so unshipshape and disreputable a locomotive as that on duty

un'shoe, v. [un-® 4. Cf. OE. an-, on-, unscogian, MDu. ontscoeyen, -scoen (Du. -schoeien), MLG. entschoien, OHG. in{t)scuohdn (MHG. entschuohen, G. -schuhen).^ trans. To remove a shoe or shoes from; to strip or deprive of shoes. 1481 Caxton Reynard xix. (Arb.) 45 W’han Isegrym was vnshoed, Tho muste.. his wyf lye doun in the grasse [etc.]. *530 Palsgr. 768/2, I unshoo a horse, je deferre. 159* Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 767 O Moon-wort! tell us where thou hid’st the Smith, Hammer, and Pincers, thou unshoo’st them with? 1628 tr. Mathieu’s Powerfull Fav. i They are unshod of their high shooes that eleuated them aboue others. 1653 Culpepper Eng. Phys. Enlarged (1656) 163 Moon-wort is an herb which they say wil.. unshoo such Horses as tread upon it. 1677 Gilpin Demonol. i. xiii. 102 They were told.. that this did unshoo their Foot, and ^icted them with Thirst and Want. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk. II. 197 They were to unshoe themselves. x868 Holme Lee B. Godfrey xliii, Joan unshod her feet. transf. 1852 Burn Naval ^ Mil. Techn. Diet. ii. 302/1 To Unshoe a wheel, oter la bande, les bandes de roue.

b. unshoe^the^horse, ? Obs.

the

plant

moonwort.

1635 Swan Spec. M. vi. §4 (1644) 251 The Italians call it Vnshoe-the-horse; because if they tread upon it, they lose ^eir shoes. 1653 Culpepper Fng. Phys. Enlarged{ibsb) 163 Country pee haly gaste vnsichtfully.

1589 CoGAN Haven Health (ed. 2) iv. 25 When meale wholly vnsifted.. is made into Bread. 1628 May Virg. Georg, i. 5 The ground one yeare at rest; forget not than.. to hearten it againe..with unsifted ashes. 1784 Cowper Task VI. 108 Swallowing.. The total grist unsifted, husks and all. 1870 Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1871) 138 Pure unsifted solar light is white.

2. Unexamined, unscrutinized. 1620 Quarles Div. Poems, Feast for Worms ix. ix. No crime unsifted, no sinne unpresented, Can lurke unseene. 1826 Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 38 There must be abundant matter of unsifted information in our public collections. 1858 Gladstone Homer 1. 219 A poet who, as to facts, was at the mercy of unsifted information. 1882 Pusey Paroch. & Cathedr. Serm. i. 3 The unsifted, unexamined conscience of a sinner.

3. Untried, inexperienced. 1602 Shaks. Ham. 1. iii. 102 You speake like a greene Girle, Vnsifted in such perillous Circumstance.

un'sighed, pp/. a. (un-^ 8, 8 c.) 1814 WoRDSW. Laodamia 100 The past unsighed for, and the future sure. 1898 R. W. Seton Watson Scotland for Ever 38 Queen Elizabeth.. sank, unsighed for, to a gilded grave.

un'sighing, pp/. a. (un-^ 10.)

i6io Bp. Hall Apol. agst. Brownists Iv. 134 The plague.. of sinne vnshut vp and vncouered.

un'shutter, v. (un-^

4.)

1861 Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xvii. He unshuttered the little lattice window of the room on the ground-floor. [Also in recent use (1901-).]

un'shuttered,

UNSIGNED

198

a. (un-^ 8.)

ppl.

1845 James Arrah Neil II. iii. 39 From an open door, or unshuttered window, the lights.. served also for the benefit of the passenger. 1883 ‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 58 She seated herself here by the unshuttered casement.

un'shy, a. (un-^ 7.)

a 1743 Ld. Hervey Epist. i. 65 The change I cou’d unsighing see. 1822 Byron7R/. a. (un-* 8.)

un'sight,/>/)/. a.^ [un-* 8 b.] Unsighed for. a 1618 Sylvester Elegiac Epistle 8 What Sea.. Could.. drown a Sidney’s Name.. so quickly,,. So vn-bewayled, so vn-sigh’t, vnsung?

un'sightable, a. (un-* 7 b.) a 1420 Wycliffite Bible i Tim. i. 17 To the kyng of worldis, vndeedly and invisyble [M5. Magd. Coll. Cambr. vnsijtable]. 1893 Leveson-Gower Surrey Words 44 Trees .. very unsightable from anywhere.

un'sighted, pp/. /. a. [un-* 8. Cf. Du. ongezengd.'\ Not singed; untouched by fire. *599 [see unseared]. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vii. x. 358 He was cast into a Cauldron of burning oyle, and came out againe unsinged. 1697 Dryden JEneis xi. 1158 By thee protected, with our naked soles. Through flames unsinged we march. 1737 Earl Orrery Let. to Swift 15 Mar., Let the thunder burst where it will, so that you are safe, and unsinged. I7j55 Doddridge 'Let Jacob' iv. Then let the fires their rage displj^,.. Unbumt, unsinged, He leads them through. 1834 T. Moore in Walpole Life Ld. J. Russell (1889) I. 203 You at least come safe and unsinged out of the furnace, a 1850 Bryant Medit. Rhode Isl. Coa/54 That men might to thy inner caves retire. And there, unsinged, abide the day of fire.

un'singled, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1697 Dryden JEneis iv. 221 The Sta^, a trembling Train In Herds unsingl’d, scour the dusty Plain.

un'singleness. (un-* 12.) -.

un'slecked, ppl. a.

[un-* 8. Cf. MSw. osldkt, Sw. osldckt.] = UNSLACKED ppl. a. 2.

Frequentc 1570-c 1600. C1386 Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. S? T. 806 Vnslekked lym. Chalk, and gleyre of an ey. 1563 T. Gale Antidot. ii. 53 Take vnslecked Lime, and quench it in water. X607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 365 Take .. so much vnslect lime as w’ill make that hony thicke like paast.

un'sleek, a.

(un-* 7.) 1859 Tennyson Elaine 811 Then she that saw him lying unsleek, unshorn,.. Utter’d a little tender dolorous cr>'.

un'sleep* v. (un-* 3.) *555 Gentleman *iiib, Slepe once passed cannot be vnslept againe.

t un'sleepiness. Obs.

[un-* 12.] Sleeplessness. X540 R. Jonas Byrth Mankynde 70 b, Agaynste v'nslepynesse, that is, when the chylde .. wanteth his due and natural! reste.

t un'sleeping,

sb. Obs. [un-* 13.] Lack of

sleep. 0x425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 56 Brennyng with greuous prikkyng, and smertyng, and vnslepyng. Ibid. 72 If pat pe thenasmon last long, it bringep to.. vnslepyng and feblenes of vertu.

un'sleeping,/>/>/. a.

(un-* io.) X667 Milton P.L. v. 644 The unsleeping eyes of God. 1744 Thomson Autumn 415 She sits Conceal’d, with folded Ears; unsleeping Eyes. 1777 Potter Mschylus, Prom. Bd. 7 The joyless station of this rock Unsleeping, unreclining, shalt thou keep. 1805 Southey Madoc in Wales iii. 195 The unsleeping eye Of justice. X863 Ld. Lytton Ring Amasis H. 293 Dear heart! Again you have passed a whole night long unsleeping. fig. a 16x3 Overbury A Wife, etc. (1614) H 2, Policie is the vnsleeping night of reason. 1796 Coleridge Destiny of Nations 106 Whose unheard name.. Unsleeping Silence guards. x8o2-X2 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. {1827) I. 428 Unerring and unsleeping steadiness. 1841 Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 520 The unsleeping suspicions of Aurangzib were stirred up.

Hence un'sleepingly adv.

un'slaked, ppl. a. [un-‘ 8.] 1. Of lime; Unslacked.

1877 Daily News 16 Jan. 4/5 Our pressure must be friendly, but very firm and unsleepingly watchful.

1598 Florio, Calce vergine, vnslaked lyme. 1651 French Distill. I. 4 Take unslaked Lime, and Linseed Oil, mix them well together. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 67 Plaster.. four parts, of Unslak’d Lime one part. 1816 Scott Old Mart, xxi. Would ye build a wall with unslaked mortar? *837 J. T. Smith Vicat's Mortars 79 Those hydraulic mixtures, which are used unslaked, and ground previous to mixture. 1889 Science-Gossip XXV. 151/1 The leaves are .. chewed with a little unslaked lime.

un'sleeve, v. (un-* 4 b, 5.)

2. Unrelaxed. a 1625 Fletcher Chances ii. ii, A likely man, a man Made up like Hercules, unslak’d with service.

3. Of thirst, etc. (See slake u.* 10.) 1692 Dryden Don Sebastian iii. i, Her desires new rouz’d, And yet unslak’d, will kindle in her fansy. 1805 [see unslacked 3]. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxiv. We gasp away..; unfound the boon, unslaked the thirst. 1874 Farrar Christ 36 Stung by remorse, yet still unslaked with murder.

un'slandered, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1621 Sanderson Serm. I. 24 If seldom truth scape unslandered, marvel not: the reasons are evident. 1648 Hexham 11, Ongelastert, Vnslaundered, or Vncalumniated.

un'slate, t;. (un-* 4.) Also fig.

1598 Florio, Dimanicare, to vnhandle, to vnhaft, to vnsleeue. Ibid., Smanicare, to unsleaue. 0x8x4 Gonzanga IV. vii. in New Brit. Theatre III. 143 Unsleave thy arm, that I may kiss a mark, stamped there indelible by nature’s finger.

un'slept, ppl. a.

[un-* 8 b, c.]

1. Not having slept. 0x500 Chaucer's Dreme 1836 An aged knight.. With visage .. pale, as man longe unslept. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems Ixxviii. 9 The sentence lay full evill till find, Vnsleipit in my heid behind. 1876 J. Grant One of the '600' i. 10 My poor mother, pale, anxious, and unslept,.. stole softly into my room. x^4 Froude Life & Lett. Erasmus 230, I hurry on board unsupped and unslept. 2. Not slept in; not slept off. 1821 Byron Sardanap. i. ii, Is this moment A fitting one for the resumption of Thy yet unslept-off revels? 1864 Miss Yonge Trial I. 289 She had.. found.. never before, Mr. Ward’s bed unslept in. 1880 Mrs. Parr Adam ^ Eve xxxv. 476 The untasted food, the unslept-in bed.

tun'slickt, var.

unsleaked or unslecked ppl.

adjs.

1598 Florio, Scoppare, to vntile, to vnslate. 1637 Saltonstall Eusebius' Constantine 70 Some of the Chappels by his command were unslated. 1648 Herrick Hesper., To the Detracter, A fellon take it, or some Whit-flaw come For to unslate, or to untile that thumb! *795 Coleridge Lines at Shurton Bars 39 Where stands one 8olitar>- pile Unslated by the blast. 1872 Brierley Cotters of Mossburn xxiii, He’s gone clean off his head. Unslated.

*573 ofLimning C iv, Vnslickt lynie. Pouldcr of white bones. 1605 Timme Quersit. ni. 180 Take unslickt lime: let it lye in spring water.

un'slaughtered, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

a sling; to free from being slung or suspended.

1719 Young Par. Job 230 Hov’ring o’er Th’ unslaughter’d host, [the eagle] enjoys the promis’d gore.

(0) 1630 Capt. j. Smith True Trav. xx. 40 Many of them were got to the top to unsling the maine saile. 1783 in Naval

un'sliding,/)/>/. a. (un-* io.) 1806 O. Gregory Treat. Mechanics I. 101 Let E be the unsliding body, which acts in the direction EK.

un'sling, t;. [UN-*3,4b.] trans. To detach from

UNSLIP Chron. (1802) VIII. 364 [We] unslung our lower yards. 1815 Burney Falconer's Marine Diet. 603/2 To unsling is to take

off the slings from boats, butts, buoys, yards, etc. 1839 F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. 187, [No.] 7..slings, and unslings the gun, and lashes it to the pry pole. (b) 1688 Holme Armoury iii. xix. (Roxb.) 153/1 Vnsling your musket. 1798 Naval Chron. XXV. 200 An Arab., unslung his carbine. 1818 Scott Rob Roy xxx. He., commanded his soldiers to unsling their firelocks. 1838 James Robber iii, Lord Harold unslung his sword, and gave it to one of the servants. 1865 ViscT. Milton & W. B. Cheadle N.-W. Passage by Land vii. loi He unslings his pack, and sets to work to construct a. .wooden trap.

un'slip^ V. [UN-'^ 3, 4 b.] 1. trans. To let slip, set free. 1611 Florio, Sguinzagliare, to vncouple, to vnslip, to let goe as Spaniels, i&i SuRR Splendid Misery HI. 215 ’Tis not

the sudden impulse of a fleeting passion that has unslipped from caution’s trammel a rebellious tongue. 1846 Whittier To Southern Statesman 6 When thy eager hand With garne afoot, unslipped the hungry pack To hunt down Freedom in her chosen land.

2. To slip back. 1892 Zangwill Botv Mystery 125 [He] went downstairs, [and] unslipped the bolt of the big lock.

un'slipping, p/>/. a. (un-^ io.) 1606 Shaks. Ant. & Cl. II. ii. 129 To hold you in perpetuall amitie, To make you Brothers, and to knit your hearts With an vn-slipping knot. 1822 Ainslie Land of Burns 71 The unslipping bauns o’ matrimony.

t un'slissed,/>/)/. a. Obs. [un-^ 8, after obs. Du. ongeslist.] Unslacked. *597 A.. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. zbhjz Like vnslissed lime. 1599 [see sliss v.].

un'slit,/)/)/. a. (un-^ 8 b.) 1679 Moxon Mech. Exerc. ix. 164 Bauk, a peece of Fir unslit, from four to ten Inches square.

un'slockenable,

UNSMOTHERED

202

a.

Sc.

[un-^

7 b.]

Unquenchable. CI520 M. Nisbet Luke iii. 17 The caffis he sal birne with fire vn-sloknabile. 1856 H. S. Riddell Matt. iii. 12 He will burn up the caff wi’ unslockenable fire.

un'slockened, ppl. a. north, and Sc.

[uN-^ 8.]

Unextinguished. 1434 Misyn Mending Life 126 O mery lufe, stronge, rauischand, byrnand,.. vnslokynd, t>at all my saull brynge to \>i seruis. 1435 - Fire of Love 97 bis lufe to fyre vnslokynd I lykyn. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.). II. 164 Not willing to leiue ane spunk vnsloknet, [he] receiuet in fauour the Erie of Angus. 1896 Crockett Grey Man xxxiii, There burned a still and unslockened fire in her eye.

un'sloken,/>/)/. a. rare-'. [Cf. prec.] = UNSLAKED ppl. a. 3. 1871 Swinburne Songs bef. Sunrise, Tenebrae 23 A slow song beaten and broken, As it were from the dust and the dead, As of spirits athirst unsloken.

un'slot, V. north, and Sc. [uN-“ 3.] trans. To unfasten (a door). 1819 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 46 Thus said, Don Andrew.. Unslot his yett, and out gaed whiddin’. 1855 [Robinson] Whitby Gloss, s.v., To Unslot or Unsteck, to unlatch, to open.

un'slothful, a. (un-' 7.) 1648 Hexham ii, Ontraegh, vnslothfull, vigilent. 1887 E. Johnson Antiq. Mater. 251 Your unslothful love unto the glory of God.

un'slothfulness. (un-' 12.) 1700 Ray Persuas. Holy Life Add., Unslothfulness in Labour, if I may make such a Word, is the means to preserve health.

be an unslumbering eye upon you which you cannot escape. 1862 Tyndall Mountaineer, xii. 95 We wound along the meadows, by the slumbering houses, and the unslumbering river. 1887 Bowen JEneid iv. 199 A hundred altars, on each an unslumbering fire. absol. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. i. viii. But Him, the Unslumbering,.. we see not.

un'slumbrous, a. (un-* 7.) 1818 Keats Endym. i. 912 How dark the dreadful leisure Of weary days, made deeper exquisite. By a fore-knowledge of unslumbrous night!

fun'sly, a. {adv.) Obs. [UN-^ 7, iib. Cf. ON. usloeg-r not sly or cunning.] 1. Of persons: Unskilful, careless.

unwise,

foolish,

c 1275 Sinners Beware 302 in O.E. Misc. 82 He gredel? ^anne heye, pt wrecches and pe vnsleye, pat luuede pt vnredes. ^/. a. (un-^ 8 a, c.)

slow; active, quick, swift.

1841 Lady F. Hastings Poems 26 They pass’d me ever —all unsmiled on—by. i860 S. Dobell in Macm. Mag. Aug. 328 In that pure face where woe grown bright Seems rapture chastened to the mild And equal light of smiles unsmiled. 1867 Jean I-ngelow Story of Doom v. 161 Pale she was As lily yet unsmiled on by the sun.

In Beowulf 2564 the emendation unslaw has been suggested for the MS. reading unglaw. ciooo i^^LFRic Saints' Lives xxv. 375 Hi slojon pa togaedere unslawe mid waepnum. a 1023 Wulfstan Horn. x. (1883) 72 Se 8e waere full slaw, weorfie se unslaw to cyrican. 1382 Wyclif Prov. vi. ii If forsothe vnslo3 thou shul be, shal come as a welle thi rip. c 1400 Destr. Troy 908 The dragon.. gird him agayne with a grym noyse: Mony slecynges vnslogh throughe hys slote yode. 1483 Cath. AngL 343/2 Vn Slawe, vbi wyghte.

un'sluice, z;. [un-^ 4b, 5.] 1. trans. To let out as from a sluice; to allow to flow. 1611 Florio, Schiuso,.. vnshut, vnlockt, vnsclused. 1648 Herrick Hesper., Sailing fr. Julia, Forbeare (In my short absence) to unsluce a teare. a 1711 Ken Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 237 Unsluce his Blood, till now undrein’d. 1787 Generous Attachment I. 167 Enough to unsluice the water from any female eye. 1826 J. Montgomery Chron. Angels Wks. 1841 IV. 309 Angels, with healing virtue in their wings,.. unsluice earth’s bosom-springs.

2. To furnish with an outlet. 1652 Benlowes Theobh. in. xcv. Here did she seal her lips, unsluice her eyes To flowing rhet’ric. 1700 Dryden Ovid's Met., Mel. ^ Atalanta 365 Now lofty Calidon in Ruines lies; All Ages, all Degrees unsluice their Eyes. 1721 Young Revenge ii. ad fin., I must unsluice my overburthen’d heart And let it flow.

un'slumbering,/)/)/. a. (un-' io.) 17*8 G. Sewell Proclam. Cupid 17 High God,..Who pierces Nature with unslumb'ring Eyes. 1787 Generous Attachment IV. 184 So many hours.. devoted to unslumbering nights. 1841 James Brigand xxix. There will

un'smiling,

a. (un-‘ io.)

1826 Miss Mitford Village Ser. n. II. 129 Her fixed, settled, unsmiling silence hung over the banquet like a cloud. 1847 C. Bronte 7. Eyre xxxi, An unsmiling.. gaze it was. 1873 Dixon Two Queens xix. v. IV. 26 Charles, with meek, unsmiling face, knelt in his chapel.

Hence un'smilingly adv.^ un'smilingness. 1873 Miss Broughton Nancy II. 65 The utter unsmilingness of his expression. 1879 Howell L. Aroostook xxvi, ‘Is it something disagreeable?’ asked Stainford lightly. ‘It’s right,’ assured Lydia, unsmilingly.

un'smirched,/>/)/. a. (un-^ 8.) 1602 Shaks. Ham. iv. v. 119 The chaste vnsmirched brow Of my true Mother. 1784 Cowper Task iii. 73 Matrons.. of character unsmirch’d. And chaste themselves. 1813 Examiner i Feb. He courts the applause of unsmirched artificers. 1884 Fortn. Rev. Mar. 321 [His] innocence is unsmirched by any electioneering experience.

be oobit cumpanye whiche is left vnsmyten schal be saued. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 34 With mynde vnsmytyn to heuyns be self itt raises & stirris to lufe. 1648 Hexham 11, Ongesmeten, vnsmitten, or vnstricken. 1743 Young Nt. Th. IV. 158 Too long I set at nought the swarm Of friendly warnings, which around me flew; And smil’d, unsmitten. 1805 WoRDSW. Prelude vi. 50 Four years and thirty.. Have I been now a sojourner on earth. By sorrow not unsmitten. 1868 Milman St. Paul's 41 The godless John alone remained unsmitten, untouched.

un'smokable, £7. (un-^ 7 b.) 1892 Nation (N.Y.) 15 Sept. cultivated taste unsmokable.

201/3

Cigars.. to

the

un'smoked, ppl. a. [uN-^ 8.] 1. Not exposed to smoke. 1648 Hexham ii, Onberoockt, Vnsmoaked. 1828-32 Webster, Unsmoked,.. not dried in smoke. 1890 Spectator 31 May, Men and women who consciously exult in the fresh air, the unsmoked sky. 1894 Daily News i Mar. 5/3 Unsmoked bacon of a particular cut.

2. Not consumed by smoking. 1731 Swift Cassinus & P. 24 His ancient pipe in sable dy’d, And half unsmok’d, lay by his side. 1827 De Quincey Last Days of Kant Wks. 1854 III. 121 He smoked a pipe of tobacco.. so rapidly, that a pile of reliques partially a-glow remained unsmoked. 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Rom. 20 Turning abruptly.. and flinging away his unsmoked cigar.

un'smokified, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) /)/. a. (un-* 8 b.) 13 .. E.E. Allit. P. B. 732 Nay for fyfty .. I schal for-gyue alle be gylt.. & let hem smolt al unsmyten smobely atonez. C1425 in Anglia VIII. 177 She myghte byholde be compas of be material sunne wib be sighte of hir eyen vnsmyten ageyn. c 1430 Wycliffite Bible Gen. xxxii. 8 (MS. Bodl. 277),

C1624 Donne Serm. Wks. 1839 V. 304 That unsmotherable, that unquenchable spirit of adoption. 1766 J. Adams Diary 13 Jan., The unsmotherable pride of his own heart. 1837 Dickens Pickw. xxviii. To the unsmotherable delight of all the porters.

un'smothered, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [*775 Ash.] 1840 Mangan Poems (1903) 136 The startled soul, upbounding from the mire Of earthliness,.. Unsmothered by the lethargy of years. 1891 Sir W. M.

UNSMUTCHED Conw ay Guide E. Pennine Alps p. viii, I made way willingly and. as was intended, overheard the unsmoihered remark.

lighting us smokily.

un'smutched, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.)

un'soaked, ppl. a. (un-’ 8.)

[*775 Ash.] 1809 Malkin Gil Bias ii. iv. !P 12 Purer than unsmutched snow. 1879 Tourgee Fool's Err. viii. 37 [The estate] came into his hands a new toy, unsmutched by any suspicion that [etc.].

un’smutty, a. (un-* 7.) 1698 CoLi.iER Immor. Stage i. 54 The Expression of his Theodore was aitoKethcr unsmutty. 1764 Museum Rust. II, 225 If smutty seed be worse than unsmutty.

un'snaffled, ppl. a. (uN-* 8 a.) [1775 Ash.] 1846 Landor Exam. Shaks. Wks. II. 280/2 There is not one of them that doth not sweat at some secret sin committed, or some inclination toward it unsnaffled.

un'snaky, a. (un-^ 7.) 1851 De Quincev Pope Wks. 1858 IX. 26 [He] might, with advantage, have amputated this unsnaky chapter on snakes.

un'snap, [un-=* 3 and 7.] 1. trans. To reverse or undo the action of snapping; to release or detach by undoing a snap or catch. 1862 Dickens Somebody's Luggage ii, As if nothing should ever tempt her to unsnap that snap [of the fingers]. 1901 Slunsey's Mag. XXV*. The colt.. was led in, the tie strap was unsnapped from his halter, and he was allowed [etc.]. 1904 A. L. Artus Mere English 62 At dusk of the day we unsnapped our teeth. And spewed him out.

2. intr. To give way with a snap. 1866 Meredith Vittoria vii. After he had drawn the seal ..over the lamp, the green wax bubbled and unsnapped.

un'snapped, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 .Ash.] 1864 Skeat Uhland's Poems 282 Round his limbs.. Clings, unsnapped, the fetters’ might. 1891 C. Dawson Avonmore 162 Each harp has yet an unsnapped string That waits the touch of God.

un'snare, r’. (uN-2 4b.) 1550 1’homas Ital. Diet., Dislacciare, to vnsnare. 1611 CoTGR., Desrete, vnsnared,.. deliuered out of a net. [In modern diets.]

un'snarl, v. disentangle.

[un-^

3

and 7.]

trans.

To

*555 Watreman Fardle Facions i. i. 27 Some fel into errours whereout they could neuer unsnarle themselues. *633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. i. Ivii, For ever had this Isle in that foul ditch .. strai’d,.. Had not the King.. Unsnarl’d that chain, a 1699 T. Beaumont Psyche iii. cxc. How Shall I unsnarle my Promise, and contrive That, .the Saint may live! 1879 P. Brookes Influence of Jesus iv. 160 Material fact and impalpable vision shoot through each other and cannot be unsnarled. 1893 Kate D. Wiggin Cathedr. Courtship 53 It is Salemina who always unsnarls the weekly bill. intr. 1844 ‘J. Slick’ High Life N. Y. II. xxviii. 167 All on ’em seemed kinder tangled up and trying to unsnarl all over the floor. 1876 Mrs. Whitney Sights § Ins. xxiii. Things do cool down. And snarls unsnarl just by putting quietly away.

Hence un'snarling vbl. sb. 1640 Fuller Joseph's Coat 189 Ones Excellency may consist in the unsnarling of a knowne controversie.

un'sneaped,/>/)/. a. [un-* 8.] Unchecked. 1647 H. More Song of Soul iii. ii. 2 When centrall life its outgone energie Doth spreaden forth, unsneep’d by foeman keen.

un'sneck, v. orig. north, and Sc. [UN-^ 3.] trans. and intr. To unlatch. 1785 W. Hutton Bran New Work (E.D.S.) 199 The girl unsneck’d the raddle heck. 1806 Jamieson Pop. Ball. 11. 339 She drew the bar, unsneck’d the door. 1825-' in northern dial, glossaries, etc. 1932 L. G. Gibbon Sunset Song i. 77 She unsnecked the door of the kirkyard wall, passing through to the Manse. 1948 A. Jobson this Suffolk iii. 50 A little wicket gate .. snecks and unsnecks, to let one in or out. 1967 ‘G. North’ Sergeant Cluff & Day of Reckoning xv. 139 Nlole.. unsnecked the door of the bedroom.

un'snecked, ppl. a. north, and Sc. Unlatched; off the latch.

[un-‘ 8.]

1796 R. Gall Tint Quey 67 [To] gang an’ leave the door unsnecket. 1824 Carr Craven Gloss., Unsnecked, unlatched.

nn'sned, ppl. a. Sc. [uN-^8b.] Uncut. *5*3 Douglas JEneid ix. xi. 44 Onsned branchis wavand heyr and thayr. 1887 Suppl. Jamieson 180 In the West of S. some thirty years ago a common street cry was, ‘Birk besoms; heather besoms; sned an’ onsned!’

un'snibt v. [un-^ 3.] catch); to unlatch.

UNSOCIALLY

203

trans.

To unfasten (a

1904 Glegg & Duncan Law Reparation Scotl. (ed. 2) ii. 39 VV'hen he unsnibs the window to clean it. 1966 J. McClenaghan Moving Target xiv. 148 He unsnibbed the chain w-hich held the dogs together, and., they slipped away. 1980 R. Hill Spy's Wife xxiii. 178 She snibbed her bedroom door, but after a few seconds in bed got up and unsnibbed it.

un'snubbable, a. (un-* yb.) Also, in recent use (1898), unsnubbableness. 1847 Bp. W. How in Mem. (1898) 31 It is a most unsnubbable cat. 1898 C’tess von Ar.nim Eliz. (st Germ. Gard. 93 You can’t snub that sort of people; they’re unsnubbable.

un'snufTed, ppl. a. (uN-* 8.) [1775 .Ash.) 1825 Ld. Cockbur.n Mem. ii. (1856) 124 The smoky unsnuffed candles in greasy tin candlesticks. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. v. v. This latter, as nocturnal VicePresident,.. sits sleepless, with lights unsnuffed. 1879 W.

Collins Rogue's Life

xiii. With one long unsnuffed candle

1570 Levins Mamp. 50 Vnsoked, insopitus. [1775 Ash.]

un'soaped, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1837 Dickens Pickw. xxiv, The unsoaped of Ipswich brought up the rear. 1859 Geo. Eliot A. Bede ii, Bessy belonged unquestionably to that unsoaped, lazy class of feminine characters.

un'sober, a. [un-‘ 7. Cf. MDu. onsober.] 11. Uncontrolled, immoderate. Obs. C1400 Destr. Troy 3800 Dyamede.. was.. Vnsober with seruaundes,.. Dredfull in dole for dissait J^at he vsit. Ibid. 12507 The sea was vnsober, sondrit the nauy. 1535 Joye Apol. Tindale (title-p.), To..defende himself ageinst so many sclaunderouse lyes fayned vpon him in Tindals vncharitable and vnsober Pystle. 1589 Fleming Virg. Georg. II. 35 Ne hath he scene (hard) yron lawes nor pleadinges at the bar Vnsober, mad, and quarellous. 1648 Herrick Hesper., To J. Wingfield, For ordaining, that thy words not swell To any one unsober syllable, a ifiSo Butler Char., Mel. Man, He., takes Pleasure in nothing but his own un-sober Sadness.

2. Unregulated in conduct; not staid or grave. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 134 A young strepleyng must remedylesse from excessive and unsober revellyng come home lesse honest. 1550 Bale Eng. Votaries ii. 88 Her eyes, her talke, her pase, all were vnsober, wylde, and wanton. 1637 R. Clerke Serm. 485, 1 censure it [5C. drinking of healths] not simply, but for some unsober Ceremonies, that become not Christians. 1682 Gov. Pennsyl. 10 All that.. are not convicted of Ill Fame, or unsober and dishonest Conversation. 1730 A. Petrie Rules Good Deportm. Ch.Officers 121 [Deacons] must not be Drunkards, nor Unsober, nor Covetous. 1812 W. Tennant Anster F. ii. xlii, Th’ unsober spirit of the fiddle. 1829 Landor Imag. Conv. II. 309 She is verily an unsober jade, who in her gravest humour will lead thee into quarrels, and in her gayest will pick th5^ocket.

3. Affected by, addicted to, drinking. i6ii Florio Insobrio, vnsober, drunken. Imag. Conv. Wks. II. 193/1 We must do all

1846 Landor we have to do, while the nation is feasting and unsober. 1852 Mundy Antipodes I. 164 The loss or destruction of these fragile liabilities in the hands of rough, careless, and unsober characters.

Hence un'soberness. *548 Elyot, Immodestia, malapertnesse,.. vnsobrenesse. 1681 Kettlewell Chr. Obed. v. li. 605 Several instances of unsoberness, when there is no scandal to our Brethren joined with them.

un'sober, tJ. [uN-^6a.] trans. To make unstaid. 1856 Faber Creator Sf Creature iii. i. (1858) 334 While we grow in merits we are getting hugely into debt to the greatness .. of God’s mercies, and this at times unsobers us.

un'soberly, [un-* ii.] Without sobriety or restraint; immoderately. c 1400 Destr. Troy 2506 Lest it tyde after, pat ye be drepit with dole,.. Your sones vnsoberly slayne in the place. Ibtd. 12494 Sodonly the softe winde vnsoberly blew. 1547 Homilies 1. Contention 1. Sijb, So vnsoberly to reason and dispute, that., they fal to chiding and contencion. 1551 Cranmer Answ. Cavillation 8 Which counsell if you had .. folowed, you wolde not haue doone so vnsobrely in manny thynges, as you haue doone.

unso'briety. (un-* 12 and 5 b.) 1669 R. Fleming Fulfill. Script. (1726) 155, I think without any challenge of unsobriety such a remark very suitable.

unsocia'bility. (un-* 12, 5 b. Cf. next.) 1758 Warburton Div. Legat. Pref., Wks. 1788 II. 326 A Principle which subverted the whole system of their religion, namely, the unsociability of the Christian faith. 01797 Burke Regie. Peace i. Wks. 1802 IV. 445 The systematick unsociability of this new-invented species of republick. 1837 Lytton E. Maltrav. l. v, He. .had his fits of unsociability. 1885 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day xiii. 125 The Richmond Club members invited guests to their dinner-table, and thus escaped the charge of unsociability.

un'sociable, a. [un-‘ 7 b and 5 b.] 1. Not sociable or companionable; not readily or pleasantly associating with others. 1600 Holland Livy 292 The Tyburts.. had in times past joined armes with the Frenchmen, a savage and unsociable nation. 1646 H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 188 Men were so form’d for Communion, as no doctrine can be avowed for good, which renders them unsociable. 1703 Rules Civility 274 [Baseness] rather makes them to be accounted base, vindictive, savage, and unsociable. 1841 Dickens Barn. Rudge i. He looked unsociable enough. 1871 Jowett Plato II. 319 Whether a man is righteous and gentle, or rude and unsociable. 1899 W. T. Greene Cage-Birds 32 At other times.. he is unsociable with his kind.

b. Of disposition, conduct, etc. 1630 J. Taylor (Water P.) Water-Cormorant Wks. iii. r His best seruice is harsh and vnsociable. 1688 Savile Lady's New- Years Gift 13 The Sullen are apt to place a great part of their Religion in Dejected and Ill-humour’d Looks, putting on an unsociable Face. 1710 Toiler No. 149 |f 5 A severe, distant, and unsociable temper. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T., Forester vii, Surprised at his unsociable silence. 1861 Paley JEschylus (ed. 2) Agam. 314/2 You would.. reproach them for their unsociable behaviour.

2. Not readily or naturally going together; incompatible, incongruous. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. 779/1 This Ecclesiasticke text is handled elsewhere, and seemeth vnsociable to our begunne Subiect. 1697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. i. 26 If Sense and Learning are such unsociable imperious things. *779 Johnson L.P., Cowley ad fin., A boundless verse, a headlong verse, ..seem to comprise very incongruous and

unsociable ideas. 1827 Pollok Course T. v. 558 Combining things Unseemly, things unsociable in nature. In most absurd communion.

b. Incapable of, averse to, uniting. 1676 Boyle in Phil. Trans. II. 785 The Vial..contain’d two unsociable Liquors. 1678 Newton Let. Boyle’s Wks. 1772 I. p. cxiv. There is a certain secret principle in nature, by which liquors are sociable to some things, and unsociable to others.

3. Devoid intercourse.

of,

interfering

with,

social

1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 164 An old rotten weather-beaten Inn .. placed in part of an unsociable desart. 1642 Howell For. TraxK (Arb.) 45 Many Colonies .. which lye squandered up and down in disadvantagious unsociable distances. 1861 Ld. Lytton & Fane Tannhduser 105 As one ..Sunder’d by savage seas unsociable From kin and country.

Hence un'sociableness; un'sociably adv. 1611 Florio, Insociabilita, •vnsociablenesse. *644 Prynne Ch. Govt. xii. 7 An extraordinaiw strangnes, unsociablenesse, and coldnesse of brotherly affection. 1871 Smiles Charac. ix. 258 The comparative unsociableness of the Englishman. 1665 Brathwait Comm. Two Tales 2 None should be so ‘unsociably retired, as to ingross his Conceits to himself. 1787 J. White Voy. N.S. Wales (1790) 58 The pavement.. is so very unsociably narrow, that two persons cannot walk with convenience together. *977 Gramophone June 117/2 Such indiscretions apart, and the inevitable rash of black sheep playing music at unsociably high volumes.. the show had much to offer the keen visitor. 1981 A. Fraser Splash of Red xiii. 145 She had once been prepared to toil unsociably for the whole of August.

un'social, a. [un-* 7 and 5 b.] Not social; not inclined for, adapted to, or fond of society: a. Of persons (or animals). 1731 A. Hill Adv. Poets Ep. p. vii. Even Tartary, uncultivated, and unsocial, as she is, has given the World a Tamerlane. 1758 L. Temple Sketches (ed. 2) 67 To be perpetually wise, is forbidding, unsocial, and something that does not become human Nature. 1817 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xvi. II. 12 Neither of these motives can operate in causing unsocial insects to congregate. 1889 Gretton Memory's Harkb. 298 My unsocial neighbour startled me.. by gravely propounding that he [rr. Scott] was not a Christian. transf. 1781 Cowper Charity 126 To give the pole the produce of the sun, And knit th’ unsocial climates into one.

b. Of habits, conditions, etc. socially inconvenient working hours. *734 A. Hill On Death of Dennis i Adieu! unsocial excellence! at last Thy foes are vanquish’d. 1744 Harris Three Treat. (1765) 152 A solitary, unsocial State, can never supply tolerably the common Necessaries of Life. *79* Boswell 25 June 1763, The mode of dining..at such houses in London, is.. particularly unsocial. 1826 Lamb Elia ii. Pop. Fallacies xv. What savage unsocial nights must our ancestors have spent..! 1884 Century Mag. XXVIII. 620 The unsocial effect of the drinking habit. *973 Times 4Dec. i/i Aproposed unsocial hours payment in recognition of the odd times of the day and night that a [train] driver has to report for duty. 1976 Evening Post (Nottingham) 17 Dec. 15/7 (Advt.), Waiter-waitress required for Lenton Hall of Residence... Good holidays and unsocial hours payment for week-end work. 19^2 Economist 13 Nov. 50/1 If the government is to avoid the annual pay squabble with the nurses the new review body should first establish realistic pay scales.. taking into account the unsocial hours. *984 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 July 145/2 The unsocial hours during which most emergency operating is done has meant that much of it has been unsupervised. unsocial hours,

c. Of disposition, temper, etc. *739 Glover London 212 Benignant peace With hospitality begin to sooth Unsocial rapine, and the thirst of blood. 1775 Sheridan Rivals v. i, Perhaps the recollection of a deed my conscience cannot justify may haunt me in such gloomy and unsocial fits, that [etc.]. 1816 Remarks Eng. Mann. 3 Our unsocial turn he ascribes to 'that independence Britons prize too high’. 1837 Hallam Hist. Lit. i. ii. § 15 The man himself was of too unsocial and forbidding a temper to conciliate them. 1885 Manch. Exam. 12 Feb. 4/7 The unsocial selfishness which excluded the toiling populations from their national health-giving scenes.

Hence un'socialism, (a) the quality of being unsocial; (b) an absence of socialism (rare). 1849 Hanna Mem. Chalmers II. 422 Behind all his assumed unsocialism there lay a true warm heart. 1889 G. B. Shaw Fabian Ess. Socialism 4 The gambling spirit urges man to.. secure some acres of her [re. Stepmother Earth]... This is Private Property or Unsocialism.

un'socialist, sb. and a. [uN-‘ 12, 7.] A. sb. One who is not a socialist. B. adj. Not socialist. 1892 G. B. Shaw Fabian Soc. 6 Socialist statesmanship must.. consist largely of taking advantage of the party dissensions between the Unsocialists. *893Impossibilities of Anarchism 4 It was bad enough to have to contend with the conservative forces of the modern unsocialist State. 1935 N. Mitchison We hax^e been Warned IV. 423 She’d been afraid..in strange, unsocialist towns. 1967 Spectator 28 July 103/3 To an unsocialist, socialism is as unmoral as it is fatuous. Suez revealed the extent to which the Conservative party has given up the idea of an unsocialist morality. 1979 Guardian 9 Oct. 4/8 You can’t.. let this community be destroyed. It’s un-Christian, let alone unsocialist.

unsoci'ality. (l'n-* 12. Cf. unsocial a.) 1852 Lever M. Tiernay xlv. All his habits were temperate, even to the extent of unsociality. 1873 Morley Rousseau I. 278 The bitter, irritable, and suspicious form which this unsociality now first assumed.

un'sociMy^ adv. (un-* ii.) 1656 J. Serieant in Blount's Gloss. A8, Nay homebred heads unsocially did strive T’estrangc themselves.

UNSOCIATED

unsolicitous

204

t un'sociated,/>p/. fl. (un-^ 8.) 1706 Watts Hotx Lyr. II. 230 O happy pair! Envy’d by yet unsociated souls W ho seek their faithful twins!

un'socket, v. (uN-* 5.) ’ is to limit the kinds of statements given to the computer.

tun'solve, t’. Obs. [un-* 9.] trans. To solve. 1631 Quarles Samson xii. i6 Perchance, have bin so kinde, T’ unsolve the doubts minde. 1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. Induct. faint: can only this vnsolve The sentences doth involve?

my Fancy would of my perplexed 75 Ah! deare, I which wisedome

un'solved, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1665 Sir R. Howard Four New Plays Pref. .4 4, If this were let pass, the Argument is yet unsolv’d in it self. 1697 Dryden JEneis Ded. If 70 .As Virgil propounds a riddle, which he leaves unsolved. 1741 Watts Improv. Mind i. i.

un'soothfast, a. [un-* 7. Cf. OE. unsopfasst.] Not truthful or true. a 1300 Cursor M. 26874 bof his scrift vnsothfast be, It sal him serue o thinges thre. 1570 Levins Manip. 36 Vnsoothfast, infidelis.

unso'phistical, a. [un-‘ 7.] 11. Unsophisticated. Obs.-^ 1741 Compl. Fam.-Piece unsophistical Oil of Petre.

i.

i.

58

Take

red

and

2. Not sophistical. [*775 Ash.] 1836 Landor Peric. & Aso. xcv. Certainly these words are very unsophistical. 1886 J. Pulsford Infold. ^ U^old. Div. Genius 13 With childlike unsophistical affections, let us love ‘the Maker of Heaven and earth’.

Hence unso'phistically adv. 1794 R. J. SULIVAN View Nat. II. 309 If..men would allow themselves the free exercise of their reason..when unsophistically established. 1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xiii. 500 A formulation of the facts which offers itself so naturally and unsophistically.

unso'phisticate, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8 b. Cf. next.) 1607 Markham Cavel. vi. Ded., Yet when I shall be tride, I hope I shall proue vnsophisticat. 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 172 Few English men dare purchase an Estate; L^nless your Wisdom’s unsophisticate The Title vouch. x688 Norris Lett. 165 The unsophisticate and genuine relish of the Soul. X760 Wesley Prim. Physick Pref. If 3 Medicines.. good in their Kind; pure, genuine, unsophisticate. 1781 Cowper Conversat. 451 Nature, unsophisticate by man. Starts not aside from her Creator’s plan. X867 Lowell Fitz Adam's Story 605 Men unsophisticate, rude-nerved as bears.

unso'phisticated, ppl. a. [UN-^ 8.] 1. LTnmixed, unadulterated.

un'sorted, ppl. a. [un-‘ 8.] 1. Not arranged or put in order. *533 More Apol. xlvii. W’ks. 921/2 Good Tomme Truthe .. bringeth neuer a w^tnesse with hym, and all hys euydence vnsorfed. 1741 Watts Improv. Mind xx. (1786) 408 Their ideas, .will lie in the brain unsorted, and thrown together without order. 1861 W’ynter Soc. Bees 22 The last letters .. are, of course, vnsorted, and have to go through that process as the train proceeds. 1895 Educat. Ret'. Nov. 352 A new science has been developed out of what were unsorted and uninterpreted fragments.

t2. Unfitted, unsuitable. Obs.~' X596 Shaks. j Hen. IV, ii. iii. 13 The purpose you undertake is dangerous, the Friends you haue named vneertaine, the Time it selfe vnsorted.

un'sought, ppl. a. [un-' 8b, c. Cf. MDu. ongesocht (Du. ongezocht), MHG. ungesuochet (G. ungesucht). Da. usegt, Sw. osokt.] 1. Not searched out or sought after; not sought or asked for. 0X225 Ancr. R. 324 A wummon I?ct hauefi forloren hire nelde .. sechefi hine anonriht,.. and God forloren uor sunne schal liggen unsouht fulle seoue dawes. *374 Chaucer Troylus 1. 809 Vnknowe vnkyst and lost J>at is vn-sought. 0x395 Hylton Scala Perf. 11. xiv. (W. de W'. 1494), Vnresonably he werkith ]7at leuith the souereyn gode.. vnsought and vnloued. 01470 Gregory Chron. in Hist. Coll. Cit. Lond. (Camden) 192 They leftc noo thynge unsoflfethe, and they serchyd all that nyght. 0x548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 103 A thyng discended from heauen, of theim vnsought, vnimagined and not deuised. X576 Gascoigne Kenelworth Castle Wks. 1910 II. 92 Nothing shall rest unsought. That may bring pleasure to your mind. X634 Milton Comus 732 The Sea o’refraught would swell, and th’ unsought diamonds W’ould so emblaze the forhead of the Deep,.. that [etc.]. x688 T. Flatman Lines to Abp. Bancroft i W’hen I Your unsought Glories view’d,.. some great thing to Write I meant. CX708 Fenton First Fit of Gout 19 Whence comes this unsought honour unto me?

UNSOUL 1751 Warbi RTON Pope's Wks. IX. 247 To the issue of that unasked and unsought cor^liment these words allude. 1837 Lockhart Scott IV. i. 13 This novel seems to me to possess .. a kind of simple unsought charm. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. iii. 44 Mow often relief has come at the moment of extremity, in forms strangely unsought.

b. Not obtained by search or effort. Freq. in loose const.: Without being sought for; without search. f 1350 Ipomadon 6519 Nowe I se vnsoughte, My travayle hedyr is all in vayne! ez, Mot efte sitte with more vn-sounde to sewe hem togeder. c 1470 Golagros Gaw. 590 Was neuer sa vnsound set to my hert.

un'sound, a. [un-* 7. Cf. NFris. unsun {-sunf), MLG. unsund (hence Sw. osund, Da. usund); also MDu. ongesont (Du. ongezond), MLG. ungesund^ MHG. ungesunt (G. ungesund).] 1. Of persons, etc.: Not physically sound; unhealthy, diseased; fsuffering from wounds or injuries. C1320 Sir Tristr. 1175 Men wounded him and band Vnsounde. Ibid. 3342. c 1330 King of Tars 522 Summe heore scoiles icieved. With serwe thei weore unsounde. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1255 pa\ hurlet hym fro horse fete, & of hond toke. Set hym in his sadill t>of he vnsound were, a 1450 Le Morte Arth. 2165 Oute of the felde was he drayne. For he was seke and sore vn-sounde. C1470 Henry Wallace viii. 787 The wery ost.. Wysche woundis with wyn, oflf thaim that was wnsound. 1513 Douglas JEneid iv. i. i The Queyn, with havy thochtis onsound, In euery vane nurisis the greyn wound. i6oi B. Jonson Poetaster iil. v, Enuy.. Shall find me solid, and her teeth vnsound. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety viii. 211 And like an unsound limb, the healing of one Sore is the breaking out of another. 1722 De Foe Plague (1896) 57 It brought abundance of unsound people to the markets. 1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen (1809) 47 It seems as if one might work a lame horse thus, and keep his unsound leg quiet. 1824 Byron Def. Transf. i. i. 564 Merrily! merrily! never unsound. Shall our bonny black horses skim over the ground! 1879 Harlan Eyesight vi. 80 An eye with a high degree of short-sight is almost always an unsound one.

b. transf. Of wounds, ailments, etc. C1400 Destr. Troy 495 Medea the mylde..Wox pale for pyne.. With a Sykyng vnsounde, pat sonet to hir hert. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. iv. 16 But that same Ladies hurts no herbe he found Which could redresse, for it was inwardly vnsound. 1613 Heywood Brazen Age H2b, I did neglect the smart: At length it rankled and it grew vnsound. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Infiam. 425 The unsound appearances of the granulations show to what a stand the animal powers are put on such occasions.

t c. Quasi-adu., in the phrase to sigh unsound.

1582 Stanyhurst Mneis iv. (Arb.) 109 No meane vnattempted, ne vnsoght.. leauing. 1626 Chas. I in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 264 We .. have left no means unsought that might truly enable us to these great works. 1708 Rowe Royal Convert iii. i. Is there a Remedy in human Wisdom, My Mind has left unsought, to help this Evil?

? a 1400 Morte Arth. 3290 Ofte he syghede vn-sownde, and said theis wordes. a 1440 Sir Degrev. 316 The eorl hovede and beheld .. How they fayre in the feld. And syght unsound. C1470 Gol. ^ Gatu. 638 For pure sorow of that sight thai sighit vnsound.

un'soul, V. [UN-^ 6 b and 4. Cf. Du. ontzielen, G. entseelen.} 1. trans. To deprive of spirit or courage.

1617 Moryson Itin. iii. 273 Officers..who ouersee the shambles, that no vnsound meate be sold. 1707 Mortimer Husb. 167 Some Lands will make unsound Cheese, notwithstanding all the Care the good Housewife can take. 1815 A. T. T ‘homson Lond. Disp. 402 In some places the grapes are.. picked from the stalks, and freed from all the unsound ones with great care. 1855 Poultry Chron. III. 546/1 Shake the earth from the roots, cut off any unsound parts.

01634 Chapman Rev. for Honour 1. i. 204 For shame, sir! .. Your sad appearance, should they thus behold you. Would half unsoul your army. 1641 Shirley Cardinal ii. i. Such Another were enough to unsoul an Army; Ignobly talk of patience till they drink And reel to death?

2. To deprive of soul; to make soulless. Also const, of. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. i. xxi. Such are their ranting catches, to unsoul And out-law man. 1654 Cokaine Dianea IV. 336 But Cruelty .. spoiles, unbowels, unsoules the world. 01743 OzELL tr. Brantome's Sp. Rhodom. (1744) 123 Heaps of Bodies they had un-soul’d and deprived of vital air. 1805 WoRDSW. Prelude xii. 83 Even so could I unsoul As readily by syllogistic words Those mysteries of being. 1858 J. CuLROss Lazarus Revived 46 There is a way of making truth plain and comprehensible by unsouling it of all that is., most precious in it.

3. To deprive of the essential qualities of a soul. 1653 More Antid. Ath. Wks. (1712) 13 You may as soon unsoul the Soul. 01680 Charnock Attrib. Gop/. a.^ Also 6 unsounde.

[un-^ 8.]

Not sounded, uttered, or pronounced; not made to sound. 1530 Palsgr. Introd. 16 No vowell is left unsounded .. in a frenche worde. c X532 Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 899 If the next worde.. be a consonant, than shall the said s remayne unsounde. X807 J. Barlow Columb. v. 766 Every honest Muse with horror flin« The name unsounded from her sacred strings. X865 Trans. Philol. Soc. 15 The unsounded syllable of the third person plural of the French verb. X884 H. R. Haweis Musical Life 119,1 keep my Strad. in a cabinet behind glass. There he rests unsounded and unstrung. un'sounded, ppl. a.^

[un-' 8.]

1. Not sounded or plummeted; unfathomed. X59X Shaks. Two Gent. lii. ii. 8i Orpheus Lute,.. Whose golden touch could.. Make Tygers tame, and huge Leuiathans Forsake vnsounded deepes, to dance on Sands. 1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. i. 130 The tyde.. whereon his carre should sweepe, Deckt with the riches of th’ unsounded deepe. X65X T. Stanley Poems, Venus Vigils 77 Piercing through the unsounded sea. x86x L. L. Noble Icebergs 243 Where with the surf around its shoulders, .it stood far up from the unsounded valleys of ocean, b-^^. or in fig. contexts.

*593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 57 Glouster is a man Vnsounded yet, and full of deepe deceit. 1607 Chapman Bussy D'Ambois iii. Fi, O the vnsounded Sea of womens bloods. That when tis calmest, is most dangerous. 1634 Jackson Creed vii. xix. §6, I would request every ingenuous sober reader., not adventure to saile in a narrow., and unsounded sea only with the help of a generall carde. a X750 A. Hill The Muse to the Writer xxxiii. This is a subject, that, outstretching thought, Through depths unsounded, wit’s long plummet draws. X826 Mrs. Hemans Forest Sanctuary Ixxi, Th’ unsounded gulfs of human woe! X876 Swinburne Erechtheus 939 Mine unknown children of unsounded years. X878 Emerson in N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 409 To good men, as we call good men, this doctrine of Trust is an unsounded secret. 2. Unprobed, unexamined.

UNSOUNDLY

207

ri62o Rohinkon .Mary .\Iagd. 534 Vaine woman!. .shall thy heart vnsoundcd. still remaine vnsound?

un'soundly, [ln-* ii.] t 1. So as to do hurt or harm; injuriously. Obs. 13 •• £ Allit. P. H. zoi Ne ncuer so sodcnly sojt [God] vn-soundcly to wenj?. As for fyll>e of »>e Hesch hat foies han N'sed. 13 Oaii. & Gr. Knl. 1438 t>enne hay beten on he buskez. Si bede hym vp r>'se, St he vnsoundyly out so3t segfjez ouer-h^'-ert.

2. In an unsound or unsolid manner. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. Pref. viii. § i All such partes of the w ord of God .. no lesse unsoundly taught and interpreted by all authorized English pastors, then by antichrists factors themselucs. 1611 Cotgr., Insolidement, vnsoundly, vnsolidely,.. feebly. x668 H. More Oir. Dial. u. v. 195 If it were notable to bear such small Fillips, it would be a sign that things hung very crazily and unsoundly together. 1828-32 VV’ebster S.V., He sleeps unsoundly. 1851 Mansel Proleg. Log. i. 2 I'hat it is possible to transgress those [mental] laws, or to think unsoundly.

un'soundness. [ln-* 12.] 1. The quality of being materially unsound. AIso/j?.

physically

or

1599 Sandys Europs' Spec. (1605) Vzb, The bond of common feare, is the strongest indeed of all other,, . and the daunger once past falles in sunder of his owne vnsoundnesse. 1614 Latham Falconry ii. i. 79 When through our disorder.. we haue wrought their [^c. hawks’] vnsoundnes, w'e forget to looke backe. 1763 Mills Pract. flush. HI. 449 If these [livers] were livid or corrupted, they offered others, as the unsoundness of the first might be owing to some casual distemper. 1820 Starkie Rep. Cases N.P. II. 81 If a horse be affected by any malady which renders him less serviceable for a permanency, I have no doubt that it is an unsoundness, i860 Tyndall Glac. ii. xix. 333 The unsoundness of ice at and near its melting point. 1080 Encycl. Brit. XH. 189/2 A pimple on the body where the saddle would cover it is an unsoundness in a hunter while it lasts. Ibid., A temporary cough is also an unsoundness.

b. Unwholesomeness.

2. The quality of being unsound in belief, opinion, principles, etc. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. Ixii. §6 By reason of vnsoundnes in the highest articles of Christian faith. 1641 Milton Animadv. 20 They need not carry such an unworthy suspicion over the Preachers of Gods word, as to tutor their unsoundnesse with the Abcie of a Liturgy. 1680 S. Mather Iren. 3 Fundamental unsoundness and Corruption of Judgment. 1769 J- Gill Body Pract. Divinity ii. ii. 302 They.. agree to differ., and not charge one another with unsoundness and heterodoxy. 1794 G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. II. xvii. 259 It was not uncommon formerly to suspect every' one who professed to pursue the light of nature, of unsoundness of principles. 1841 [Mrs. Mozley] Lost Brooch 11. 71 Every sermon of his betrays his unsoundness. 1877 Smith H'ace's Diet. Chr. Biog. I. 11/2 The breach was widened by mutual accusations of unsoundness in the faith,

b. Of doctrine, principles, etc. 1586 Hooker Anstv. Travers §6 Any thing that shalbe spoken concerning the vnsoundnes of my Doctrine. 1607 Stat. in Hist. Wakefield Gram. Sch. (1892) 61 The unsoundnes of his or theire religion. 1712 Addison Spect. No. 507 [p6 The Unsoundness of this Principle.. is.. universally acknowledged. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India 1- 55 ^ I’he unsoundness of the conclusion .. might inspire a reasonable distrust of the correctness of the persuasions. 1881 Westcott & Hort Grk. Test. Introd. §93 The presumed unsoundness of the text.

3. The quality of being mentally unsound. 1825 Macaulay Ess., Milton [f 14 Perhaps no person can be a poet.. without a certain unsoundness of mind. 1856 J. W. H. Williams {title). On Unsoundness of Mind, in its medical and legal considerations. 1884 Law Rep. 27 Ch. Div. 119 The soundness or unsoundness of mind of the alleged lunatic.

t

un'soundy,

t7.

Ohs.~^ Irreg. var.

unsound

a 1529 Skelton E. Rummyng 35 Her eyen gowndy Are full vnsoundy, For they are blered.

unsouped,

obs. variant of unsupped.

un'sour, a.

(un-*

7. Cf. OE. ttnsur, ON. usurr.)

i6n Florio, Inaspro, vnsowre, sweet. 17.. Ramsay To D. M'Ewen ii, Health, T’ enjoy ilk hour a saul unsow’r.

un'soured. ppl. a.

(un-‘ 8. Cf. NFris. ttnsurred, MSw. osyrdk (Sw. osyrad), older Da. usuret (Da. usyret)\ Du. ongezuurd, MHG. ungesiuret (G. ungesduert) chiefly of bread, = unleavened.) 1626 Bacon Sylva §341 Wee sec that Meat and Drinke w'ill last longer, Vnputrified, or V’nsowred, in Winter, than in Summer. 1685 Dryden Horace i. ix. 26 Secure those golden early Jtn'cs, That Youth unsowr’d with sorrow bears. c 1791 Burns To Mr. Maxwell i. Health, ay unsour’d by care or grief. 1853 C. Bronte in Mrs. Gaskell Li/e (1858) 471 A serene spirit and an unsoured disposition!

un'sowed, ppl. a.

un'sown, ppl. a. Also 4 unsowe, -sawe. [un-* 8 b. Cf. OE. unsdzven (of land), ON. tisdinn, and prec.] 1. Of seed; Not sown; left without being sown. Also of vegetation: Growing without having been sown.

Apr., Men of a rough and unsparing address. x8i8 Mitford Hist. Greece V. 155 Unsparing of himself, he seems however to have been strongly disposed to be considerate of others. 1844 Kinglake Eothen viii, Cool, decisive in manner, unsparing of enemies. 1869 Tozeh Highl. Turkey II. 244 His unsparing, merciless character,.. never diverted from its fell purpK)se.

c 1374 Chauce;r Former Age 10 Com vp-sprong vnsowe of mannes bond. ?I5.. in Thynne Animadv., etc. (1875) 88 Wher the seyd of god is vnsawn. 1539-40 N.C. Wills (Surtees) 169 All my come sowen and unsowen. 1573 Tusser Hush. (1878) 85 Sowe lintels ye may, and pcason gray. Keepe white vnsowne, till more be knowne. 1626 Bacon Sylva\$^6 Mushromes .. come vp so hastily; As in a Night; And yet they are Vnsowne. 1693 Dryden Ot i^r Met. 1. 138 The Flow’rs un-sown, in Fields and Meadows reign’d. 1883 R, W. Dixon Mono i. iv. 10 The crops remained unsown this year.

1667 Milton P.L. v. 344 Fruit of all kindes.. She gathers. . ^ and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand. 1736 Thomson Liberty v. 584 Unsparing love Their endless treasure, and their deeds their praise. 1781 Cowper Expost. 677 Gratitude and lemp’rance in our use Of what he gives, unsparing and profuse. 1819 Shelley Cyclops 167 See, here are sheep,. . Here are unsparing cheeses of pressed milk. 1856 N. Brit. Ret'. XX\’I. 23 The four or five ideas .. are .. turned over and over again with so unsparing a profuseness, that [etc.].

2. Of land; Not supplied with seed. c 1400 Gamelyn 83 He Jjought on his landes p&t lay vnsawe. Q 15*3 Fabyan Chron. iv. Ixxv. 53 The grounde was vntylled and vnsowen, Wherof ensued great scarsytie. 1539 Act ji Hen. VIII, c. 5 Duryng all suche time as the same landes shalbe and remayne vnsowen. 1600 Surflet Countrie Farme 1. xxiv. 147 The trampling which they keepe about trees, medowes, and vnsowne places. 1626 Bacon Sylva §482 If the Ground lie fallow, and vnsowne. 1725 Pope Odyssey ix. 143 Nor knows the soil to feed the fleecy care,.. But uninhabited, untill’d, unsown It lies. 1730 Lyttelton Epist. to Pope 28 Unhappy It^!.. Her cities [are] desert and her fields unsown. 1842 Tennyson Dora "ji Dora., went her way Across the wheat, and sat upon a mound That was unsown.

un'span, v. rare. (uN-* 3 + span v.‘^ Cf. OE. WW-, onspannan., Du. ontspannen.) 1648 Hexham 11, Ontspannen,.. to Vnspan, or to Vnyoake. Ibid., Een Ontspanninge,.. an Vnbending, or an Vnspanning. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharon. iii. v. 92 T he grave sad man, Whose counsel could conspiracies unspan When ready to give fire. 1914 T. A. Baggs Back from Front xxiv. 120 They unspanned in a neighbouring field and invited me to supper.

un'spaned, ppl. a.

1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 370 A Colony., displanted for the unsoundnesse of the ayre.

8. Cf. MDu. ongesaeit (Du. ongezaaid), G. ungesdet. Da. usaaet, Sw. osddd.] — next. [un-‘

1648 Hexha.m II, Onbezaeyt landt, an vnsowed land, or a Fallowe field. 1791 Cowper Odyss. ix. 125 Earth unsow’d, untill’d, brings forth for them All fruits, wheat, barley, and the vinous grape.

UNSPEAKABLE

Sc.

[un-^ 8.]

Unweaned.

1500-20 Dunbar Poems Ixxv. 36 My clype, my vnspaynit gyane W ith moderis milk 3it in 3our mychane.

tun'spang, Obs. [uN-2 4b.] trans. To detach (horses) from a cart. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Desteler les chevaux, to lose horses, or vnspang them from the carte. 1611 Cotgr. s.v. Desteler.

un'spangled, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1628 Quarles Argalus & P. i. Wks. (Grosart) III. 251/1 Whenas the universall shade Of the unspangled heaven.. had made An utter darknesse.

un'spar, v. [un-^ 3. Cf. Du. ontsperren, OHG. intsperran^ -en (MHG. ew/-, ensperreri).\ trans. To unbar (a door, etc.); to open. c 1200 Ormin 12158 Cristess I?ohht wass sperrd swa wel . batt naness kinness sinnfull lusst Ne mihhte itt naefre unnsperrenn. a 1225 Ancr. R. 70 Heo schal habben leaue to openen [M^. B. unsperren] hire I?url enes o5er twies. 1393 Langl. P. pi. C. xxi. 89 The blood sprang doun by pe sper, and vnsperrede pe knyghtes eyen. Ibid. 272 A spirit., bit vnsperre pe 3ates. a 1542 Wyatt in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 225 Lyke as the birde within the cage enclosed. The dore vnsparred, her foe the hawke without. 1599 T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 12 How feately then vnsparred she the doore. 1611 Cotgr., Desverouiller vn huis, to..vnsparre a doore. 1808 Scott Marm. i. iv, Forty yeomen .. The lofty palisade unsparr’d And let the drawbridge fall.

un'sparable, a. (uN-^7b.) c 1449 Pecock Repr. v. vii. 519 Sithen it is profitable .. and vnsparable that such a meyr and such a bischop shulden be in tyme comyng.

un'spared,/)/)/. a. [un-^ 8. Cf. MDu. ongespaert (Du. ongespaard), MLG. ungesparet, MHG. (and G.) ungespart; ON. uspardr (Sw. ospard^ Da. usparety dial, uspard).] 1. Not spared or reserved. fAlso in loose const., without sparing, unsparingly. 13.. St. Erkenwolde 335 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 273 With vnsparid murthe. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 504 Euerilk man, baith ill and gude vnspaird. As he had wrocht, sail get ane just rewaird. 1667 Milton P.L. x. 606 Thou therefore.. whatever thing The Sithe of Time mowes down, devour unspar’d. i88i Ruskin Love's Meinie iii. §87 Unspared labour, and attentive skill.

t2. Indispensable. Obs.-"^ 1614 T. Adams Physicke fr. Heaven Wks. (1629) 291 No Physitian then cures of himselfe; no more then the hand feedes the mouth;.. though the Physitian and the hand be vnspared instruments to their seuerall purposes.

tun'sparely, adv. Obs. [un-* ii. Cf. ON. usparliga (MSw. osparlika).] Unsparingly. a 1225 fuliana 59 Heo as pe deouel spurede ham to donne, dude hit unsparliche. 13.. Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 979 Chefly l>ay asken Spycez, l>at vn-spare^ men speded horn to bryng. .^at sparede was lange.

2. Not niggardly; liberal, lavish.

Hence un'sparingness. 1818 Mitford Hist. Greece \. 426 His extraordinary., successes, but especially his profuse unsparingness of himself,.. had [etc.].

un'sparingly,

(un-^ m. Cf. prec.)

a 1500 Bernardus de cura rei Jam. (1870) 2 be man I’at spendis Vnsparandly mar pan his rent extendis. 0x631 Donne Lament. Jeremy ii. ii, I'he Lord unsparingly hath swallowed AH Jacobs dwellings. 1805 Southey in Robberds Mem. W. Toy/or (1843) II. 85, I am squeezing out the whey, and shall cut out unsparingly. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. I. 98 On the chief ministers.. the vengeance of the nation was unsparingly wreaked.

un'sparkling, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1816 Wilson Misc. Poems 293 Unsparkling eyes where smiles appear More mournful far than many a tear. 1895 W. M. Rossetti D. G. Rossetti I. 171 Tall, finely formed, with .. greenish-blue unsparkling eyes.

tun'sparpled,/)/)/. (2. Sc. [un-* 8.] Undivided. 1508 Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. I. 253/1 For keping of his heretage .. unsparpalit and unanalyt in favouris of his sone.

un'spatial, a. (un-* 7.) 1865 J. Grote Moral Ideals (1876) 370 Concurrently., there is going on thought in our spiritual, unspatial, being. 1884 tr. Lotze's Metaph. 185 Every real Thing.. would have to be itself infinitely divisible into unspatial multiplicities.

un'spawned, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1814 Monthly Mag. XXXVIL 335 She instant resolv’d such a gala to give, As thro’ ages unspawn'd should continue to live. 1847 Stoddart Angler's Comp. 214 The female parr.. retaining.. the unspawned ova. 1884 St. James' Gaz. 11 Jan. 4 The death of.. many unspawned fish.

un'speak, v. (un-® 3.) 1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. iii. 123 Euen now I put my selfe to thy Direction, and Vnspeake mine owne detraction. 1615 G. Wither Fidelia 1222, I will vnspeake againe what is mis¬ spoken.

unspeaka'bility. (un-^ 12. Cf. next.) 1845 Carlyle Cromwell (1871) II. 93 No modern reader can conceive the.. unspeakability of this fact.

un'speakable, a.y sb.y and adv. [un-^ 7 b and Sb.] 1. Incapable of being expressed in words; inexpressible, indescribable, ineffable. a 1400 Hampole's Wks. (1895) I. 199 be vnspekeabill & pe vnmesurabill charite, bothe of pe ffadire and of pe sone. 01425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 37 It may neuer be cured .. but if it plese god .. for to help wip his vnspekeable vertu. C1445 Pecock Donet 84 A ping..fer aboue alle creaturis speche vnspekable. 1534 More Treat. Passion Wks. 1346/1 It is chaunged by an vnspeakeable woorking, although it seme bread to vs that be weake. 01586 Sidney Arcadia i. i. The flocke of unspeakeable vertues laid up .. in that best builded folde. 1615 W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 6 It is vnspeakable, what fatnesse is brought to low grounds by Inundations of waters. 1675 Traherne C/ir. Ethics 204 Those bodies are superadded, certainly for unspeakable and most glorious ends. 1754 Connoisseur No. 6[P4. I had the unspeakable mortification to see my favours sometimes not inserted. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 57 "The laws and the system of society conspired together to work unspeakable evils. 1871 Morley Carlyle in Crit. Misc. Ser. i. 216 He had the unspeakable advantage of being .. respectable. absol. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. ix. In what words.. [can we] speak even afar-off of the unspeakable?

b. spec. Indescribably or inexpressibly bad or objectionable. Freq. of ‘the Turk’, after q^uot. 1876. Also absol. 1831 Carlyle in Westm. Rev. July 6 How they sailed., into Paynim land; fought with that unspeakable Turk, King Machabol. 1843-Past & Pr. 1. iii. How ye came among us, in your cruel armed blindness, ye unspeakable County Yeomanry! 1876 - Let. in Mem. (1881) H. 311 The unspeakable Turk should be immediately struck out of the question, and the country left to honest European guidance. 1896/ldt’0«ce (Chicago) 30 Jan. 153/1 We w ere.. even more guilty than the Unspeakable himself. 1902 Crosland {title). The Unspeakable Scot.

c. sb. An ineffable being. 1843 Carlyle Past & Pr. iii. xv, Through all thy., melancholy Business and Cant, there does shine the presence of a Primeval Unspeakable.

un'sparing,/)p/. a. [un-* 10.] 1. Showing no forbearance or mercy,

2. Incapable of being spoken or uttered; that may not be spoken.

a 1586 Sidney Arcadia in. vii. The pittilesse launce .. (angry with being broken).. full of unsparing splinters, lighted upon that face. 1599 Daniel Musoph. 323 No, no, vnsparing Time will prowdly send A warrant unto Wrath. 1649 Milton Eikon. Pref. C, The unsparing Sword of Justice. 1770 Glover Leonidas (ed. 5) vi. i66 Unsparing Mars Heap’d carnage round thee. 1781 Cowper Lett. 2

1568 H. B. tr. P. Martyr, Ep. Rom. 224 They are called vnspeakeable sighes, for that we speake not expressedlye what the spirite asketh. 1611 Bible 2 Cor. xii. 4 He.. heard vnspeakable wordes, which it is not iawfull for a man to vtter. 1770 Glover Leonidas (ed. 5) x. 574 Leonidas, whose looks Declar’d unspeakable applause.

3. U.S. Unwilling or unable to speak.

UNSPEAKABLY 1888 Advance (Chicago) 29 Nov., The distinguished but unspeakable witness. 1890 Lowell Lett. (1894) II. 465 My dog..looks up at me as who should say, ‘You are become unspeakable as one of us, poor old fellow!’

4. adv. Unspeakably, indescribably. 1635 Pagitt Christianogr. 34 Beyond the Land of Cathaie, which they prayse to be civill, and unspeakable rich. 1657 Baxter Call to Unconverted (1660) 59 How certainly and unspeakable happy you may be if you will.

Hence un'speakableness. a 1586 Sidney Arcadia i. xi, The unspcakablenes of his griefe. 1657 J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 54 That we may rather conceive the unspeakablenesse then the untruth of the relation. 1691 Bunyan {title). The Greatness of the Soul, and unspeakableness of the loss thereof. 1963 B. Friedan Feminine Mystique viii. 182 After the loneliness of war and the unspeakableness of the bomb,.. women as well as men sought the comforting reality of home and children.

un'speakably, adv.

[f. prec.]

UNSPHERE

208

Unutterably,

indescribably. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 154 The clere syght of fayth . .gyueth more ioye vnspekably to the contemplatyue seruauntes of god, than [etc.]. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. liv. §8 God hath in Christ vnspeakablie glorified the nobler., part of our nature. 1647 H. More Song of Soul Notes 358 Some inhabit God himself, who is unspeakably infinite. 1681 Flavel Meth. Grace x. 224 It is unspeakably delightful. 1705 PAi7. Trans. XXV. 1910 A Confluence.. of unspeakably small Salt Particles. 1754 Edwards Will IV. V. 226 Man is.. unspeakably different from a meer Machine. 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 150/1 The effect is said to be unspeakably absurd. 1871 Le Fanu Rose & Key H. 298 It was unspeakably provoking.

i860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 164 False speaking [is] unspeaking,—on the negative side of silence.

un'speaking, ppl. a.

[un-^ io. Cf. OE. unsprecende, OFris. unsprekand, MDu. onsprekende (obs. Du. onsprekend), OHG. unsprechente (MHG. unsprechende) in sense 2 (chiefly of children).] 11. Unspeakable, ineffable. Obs.-' an[d]

2. Not speaking; unable to speak. Also fig. 1382 Wyclif yo6 xxxviii. 9 With clothis of vnspekende childbed. - Ps. viii. 3 ()f the mouth of vnspekende childer.. thou performedist preising. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. v. v. 178 His description Prou’d vs vnspeaking sottes. 1796 Eliza Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 81 All was placid uniformity, and unspeaking regularity of feature. 1811 Shelley Mother & Son iii. The proofs of an unspeaking sorrow dwelt Within her ghastly hollowness of eye. 1935 E. Bowen House in Paris ii. iv. 129 Karen herself had more than once been the victim of that unspeaking smile.

t un'spear, Obs. [un-^ 4 + spear To unbar; to open.

un'specked, ppl. a.

(uN-* 8.) [*775 Ash.] 1781 Cowper Truth 281 A demeanour holy and unspecked. 1868 Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy 234 Gazing from his narrow shoal of sand On the unspecked round of blue and blue.

un'speckled, ppl. a. (un-’ 8.) 1570 Levins Manip.

Vnspeckled, immaculatus. [1775 x. 525 A sheep of black unspeckled, of all thy flock most fair. Ash.]

1887

Morris

Odyss.

t un'spectable, a. Obs. [un-* Incapable of being regarded.

7 b,

5 b.]

1502 Atkynson tr. De Imitatione iii. iii. (1893) 197 The vnspectable & inestymable loy in heuen. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 16 We be not worthy to come to that vnspectable glory.

un'spectacled, (/>/>/.) a. (un-* 8, 9.) 1791 Huddesford Salmag. 140 Why did your will the Pylian chief decree Three centuries unspectacled to see. 1824 Scott St. Ronan's xiv, Many a nose, spectacled and unspectacled, was popped out of the adjoining windows. 1893 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 146/2 She pored over them with unspectacled eyes.

un'speculating,/>/>/. a. (un-’

io.)

1828 Pusey Hist. Enq. i. 109 A recurrence to practical and unspeculating Christianity.

un'speculative, a. (un-’ 7.)

un'speaking, vbl. sb. (un-‘ 13.)

1340 Ayenb. 266 Ich yze3 pe ilke onspekynde ontodelinde mageste of pe holy trinyte.

Fuller Worthies, London n. (1662) 204 The laxity of so populous a place leaving them as unspecified as it found them. 1883 Specif. Alnwick Cornhill Railway 14 Facilitating the construction of any unspecified works.

trans.

/. a. C1440 York Myst. xxv. 450 Haue [= half] my gud I have vnspendid Poure folke to geue it till. 1533 Bellenden Livy III. xxv. (S.T.S.) 11. 48 He was fer rvn in 3eris, and few dayis vnspendit of his live. 1564 Wills ^ Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) I. 225 So mutch hay vnspended as is valud to ij*.

un'spent, pp/. a. [un-’8 b.] 1. Not expended; not employed or used. 1466 Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 326 He ad of myn onspente in is and, vj.s. viij.d. 1483 in Somerset Med. Wills (1901) 239 As moch as than shal.. remayne unspent of the seid xij torches. 1550 Crowley Last Trump 269 If ought remayne vnspent Upon thyne owne necessity. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vii. 313 The French men had only left unspent.. three-score and nine Chickens of Gold. 1674 Hobbes Odyssey (ed. 2) 9 We had Wine enough as yet unspent. 1745 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) H. 110 A proportionable part of what remains unspent. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 24 May 5/2 The revolver.. contained one spent and five unspent cartridges. 1899 Parlt. Debates LXVH. 554/2 What [he]. .pressed was the use of the unspent balance for that purpose.

2. Unexhausted; not used up. C1611 Chapman Iliad xiv. 344 For fervour of his unspent stren^h. 1663 Dryden Ep. to Charleton 36 Whose Fame .. Flies like the nimble journeys of the Light; And is, like that, unspent too in its flight. 1732 Pope Ess. Man i. 274 All are but parts of one stupendous whole,.. That.. extends thro’ all extent. Spreads undivided, operates unspent. 1770 Glover Leonidas (ed. 5) xii. 355 He impell’d His spear. The point with violence unspent.. reach’d the Persian’s throat. 1799 Cowper Castaway 39 So long he, with unspent pow’r, His destiny repell’d. 1857 Emerson Poems, 'Give all to Love' ii. High and more high It dives into noon. With wing unspent.

un'sphere, v. [un-” 5.] trans. To remove (a star, etc.) from its sphere. Also in fig. context. 1611 Shaks. Wint. T, i. ii. 48 Though you would seek t’vnsphere the Stars with Oaths. 1643 Howell Parab. reflect. Times 5 Touching the malignant Planets..! put them over to you, that.. they may be unspher’d or extinguished. 1796 C. Anstey Pleaders' Guide (1803) 124 Th’ adventrous Engineer Who swore he would the Earth unsphere,.. Give him but where to set his foot. 1820 Milman Fall Jerus. 117 If ye have seen the moon unsphered. And the stars fall. 1857 P. Freeman Princ. Div.

UNSPIABLE for the gravitation of its mighty forces.. in lieu of that which had been, so to speak, unsphered. fig. 1632 Milton Penseroso 88 Where I may.. unsphear The spirit of Plato. 1806 H. K. White Fragments vi, Mine ear Longs for some air of peace,.. That nnay the spirit from its cell unsphere. 1882 J. Brown Horae Subs. 3rd Ser. 4 Many have oecn the attempts to unsphere the spirit of a joke and make it tell its secret.

ppl. a. 1598 Chapman Hero & Leander iii. 186 Thou.. That.,

Hence un'sphered

with the wings Of thy vnspheared flame visitst the springs Of spirits immortall. 1833 H. Coleridge Poems I. 41 Like a spectre of an age departed. Or unsphered Angel w’oefully astray— She glides along. 1849 M. Arnold Netv Sirens 251 The sunk eyes, the wailing tone. Of unspher’d, discrowned creatures.

utmost date in this Land. 1679 Puller Moder. Ch. Eng. 494 These Divisions (the Character of a Carnal and Unspiritual Temper).. dishonour the Protestant Cause. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. IV. exxv. Circumstance, that unspiritual god and miscreator. 1872 Liddon Elem. Relig. v. 175 Prayer ceases to be itself, by degenerating.. into a mechanical and unspiritual routine. Hence un'spiritually

a.

(un-‘

7 b.)

1615 Sylvester7^06 Triumph, i. 367 Him would I seek.. Whose works are great,.. Unspiable, Unspeakable by Man.

ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

un'spiced,

1655 Moufet & Bennet Health's Improt-. vi. 48 A great difference .. betwixt fri’d meats and bax t meats, spiced and unspiced, salt and fresh. 1899 Westm. Gaz. ii Aug. 8/1 There are English firms which export the genuine unspiced article in tins.

ppl. a. (ln-* 8.) 14.. Chaucer's Troylusw. 1457 (Harl. MS.), Itisful hard to halten vnspied Bifor a crepul. a 1542 Wyatt 'Take heed by time' v. To love unspied is but a hap; Therefore, take heed! 1561 Norton Sc Sackv. Gorboduc l. ii. 317 Traiterous un'spied,

corrupters of their pliant youthe Shall have unspied a muche more free accesse. 1624 Quarles Sion's Elegies i. xxii, Thinke you to flourish euer? and (vnspide) To shoot the flowers of your fruitlesse pride. 1667 Milton P.L. iv. 529 I must walk round This Garden, and no corner leave unspi’d. ^1740 Tickell Misc., Fatal Curiosity 5, I. .went prepared to pry,.. Resolv’d to find some fault before unspy’d. 1798 in A. D. Coleridge Eton in Fourties (1896) 14 When waving fresh each woolly wing, That.. ser\'’d .. to hold unknown, unspied, A loaf or pudding in. un'spike,

v.

[un-^ 3, 4b.]

Guns .., and unspik’d them, & clear’d them. 1842 R. Burn Naval ^ MU. Diet. (1852) 118/2 Desenclouer, to unspike a icee of ordnance, c 18^ H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 14 uppose your gun is spiked.., how will you unspike it?

2. To release by the removal of a spike. 1846 Edin. RetK Oct. 504 In this case the iron bar (re. rail], worn thin and unspiked, gets detached from the plank.

ppl. a. (un-^ 8; cf. spiked a.^ 3 a, b.)

un'spiked,

[1775 Ash.] 1902 Daily Chron. 16 July 8/6 Six [rail-] chairs, .had been left unspiked. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 8 Sept. 7/1 They.. [captured 97] cannon, mostly unspiked. 1969 Lithos II. 138 Unspiked measurements of Sr®’/Sr** and Sr®8/Sr®^ were made for all other samples. 1980 Nature 31 Jan. 438/2 Completely separate sets of equipment were used for spiked and unspiked sample solutions, thus eliminating the possibility of cross-contamination.

a. (un-^ 7 b.) 1885 Chamb. Jrnl. 560 Our readers will be acquainted

un'spillable,

(un-^ 12, or f. prec.)

1842 Sara Coleridge in Coleridge Aids Reft. App. C. (1843) II. 384 Calvin.. missed this truth.. neither from natural inability, nor from unspirituality, nor from a tendency to rationalism, but [etc.]. 1863 Gro.sart Small Sins 27 Despondent.. through.. coldness, deadness, unrealness, unspirituality. un'spiritualize, 7;.

[un-*6c.]

trans. To divest

01716 South Serm. (1727) VI. 243 Enjoyments.. such as .. will by Degrees certainly indispose, and unspiritualize the Mind. 1846 Hawthorne Old Manse 11. 115 Those evil habits.. which unspiritualize man’s nature. 1851 Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. ill. ii. v. § 17, I recollect no single instance of a naked angel that does not look .. unspiritualized. 1881 H. Drummond Ideal Life (1897) 1^3 God would never unspiritualise three-fourths of man s active life by work, if work were work, and nothing more. un'spiritualized,

ppl. a.

[un-^ 8.]

Not made

spiritual. 1816 Coleridge Lay Serm. (1839) 291 The idolism of the unspiritualized understanding. 1078 T. Sinclair Mount v. 100 The unspiritualised ‘man of land,’ when left to his instincts, is sufficiently marked in history the slave-maker of his fellows. [uN-^4b.]

trans. To remove from a

spit. 1574 T. Newton Health Mag. I iij b. Rested fleshe is then best to be vnspitted and taken from the broche. 1611 CoTGR., Desembrocher, to vnspit; pull off the broach. 1648 Hexham, Ontspeten, to Vnspit, or to Vnbroach a peece of meate. 1798 in Spirit Public Jrnls. (1799) II. 290 The pigs and geese were all unspitted. 1820 T. Mitchell Aristoph. I. 116 The science which he displays in boiling, roasting, spitting, and unspitting. un'spleened,

ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

1633 Ford 'Tis Pity i. ii, Yet the villanie of words., may be such. As would make any vnspleen’d Doue, Chollerick. t un'spleeted. 1609 C. Butler along hard by. un'splendid,

ppl. a. (un-* 8. Cf. spleet v.'^) Fern. Mon. F8 Lay the vnspleeted hiue

un'splint, r.

ppl. a. (un-* 8, 8 b. Cf. uspildt.) 1573 Tusser Husb. (1878) 35 Then haue of thine owne, -'spilt,

MDa. and Da.

without lending vnspilt, what followeth needfull, here learne if thou wilt. 1641 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1692) I. 217 The very Blood that runs unspilt in our Veins. 1643 Denham Cooper's H {1668) 7 That bloud, which thou and thy great Grandsire shed,.. Had been unspilt. 1837 Dickens Pickte. v. The first care of the two unspilt friends was to extricate their unfortunate companions from their bed of quickset. 1877 Browning La Saisiaz 369 Only grant my soul may carry high through death her cup unspilled.

v. (un-* 3. Cf. Du. ontspinnen.) 0x585 in Holinshed Chron. II. 416/1 Oh cruel fates! the

(uN-*4b.)

1615 Markham Country Contentm. 1. i. 24 Let it so rest nine daies at least, before you vnsplint it.

ppl. a. (uN-* 8 b. Cf. Du. ongesplit, MSw. osplitad, older Da. usplit.) 1656 Earl Monm. tr. Boccalini's Advtsfr. Parnass. 262

un'split,

To repair those his Gallies, which were yet unsplit. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) II. 194 The man is split into two persons..: or, he remaining unsplit, an ideal person is fabricated to speak of the real one. 1875 Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs* Bot. 72 The originally unsplit fragments of cell-wall.

Obs. [un-* 9.] trans. To despoil. 01400 Sir Perc. 742 Now es Percyvelle lyghte To

un'spin,

t un'spoil, r;.'

which so soone, his vitall thred vnsponne. 1638 Mayne Lucian (1664) 304 Is’t not in your power to change, and unspinne their decrees? 1638 N. Whiting Albino & Bellama 1176 My teeming fancy strives.. to.. make those garden-minutes see the sun Entombed in darkness, and the earth unspun Ere they expire. 01703 J. Pomfret Last Epiphany vi. Whilst backward all the Threads shall haste to be unspun. 1845 Mozley Ess. (1878) H. 102 The web was respun, that it might be unspun again.

unspoyle the rede knyghte.

un'spirit,

v.

[un-*

4.]

trans.

To

deprive of

spirit. 1607 B. Jonson Volpone iii. v, I am unmask’d, unspirited, undone. 1647 Trapp marrow Gd. Authors in Comm. Ep. 604 We may not neglect the body,.. maserate and unspirit our selves overmuch. 1687 Norris Coll. Misc. (1699) 367 Nor did I ever think that it could be in the Power of any Temporal loss, so much to discompose and unspirit my Soul. un'spirited,/)p/.

un'spoili

v.^

[uN-* 3.]

trans.

To restore from

being spoiled. 1778 Miss Burney Evelina xxxiv, And what good will that do now?—that won’t unspoil all my clothes. 1834 Mar. Edgeworth Helen xliii, ‘I am quite spoiled, I believe,’ said Helen; ‘you must unspoil me’. un'spoilable. a. (un-* 7 b.) 1836 E. Howard R. Reefer Iv, He contrived.. to spoil our almost unspoilable meals. 1888 Marzials Life V. Hugo 204 One trusts that Master Georges and Miss Jeanne were unspoilable. Hence un'spoilableness. 1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House I. xi. 232 Geraldine thought it was a great proof of his unspoilableness. x88i Daily News i Oct. (Encycl. Diet.), A prevalent style of furniture and decoration should have this character of what may be called unspoilableness.

a. [un-^ 8.] Destitute of spirit;

1621 Fletcher Thierry & Theod. ii. i, A poor, cold, unspirited, unmanner’d.. fool. 1649 Arnway Tablet 74 Leave no stone unmoov’d, to cousen an unspirited (and so apt to be unchristen’d) Nation into the way .. of the Alcoran. 1751 S.mollett Per. Pick. Ixxxv, The new productions of the stage,. .generally unspirited and insipid. Hence un'spiritedness. 1669 Owen Exp. Ps. exxx, 15 Vnspiritedness disability unto Duty, in doing or suffering.

ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not despoiled or plundered; not taken as

un'spoiled,

spiritless.

and

un'spiritual, a. (un-* 7.) 1643 Milton Divorce 3, I see it the hope of good men, that those irregular and unspirituall Courts have spun their

2. Not spoiled or deteriorated. X732 Pope Ep. Bathurst 226 O teach us, Bathurst! yet unspoil’d by wealth! That secret rare. 1746 Collins Ode to Pity iv, He sung the female heart. With youth’s soft notes unspoil’d by art. X821 V. Knox Grammar Schools 117 An unspoiled boy,.. possessing talent and sensibilitv. i860 H. Marryat Resid. Jutland I. xiv. 209 The Castle of kosenborg .. is a fine specimen of the period, and is unspoiled by modern improvements. x888 Child Ballads HI. i/i This precious specimen., of the unspoiled traditional ballad.

un'spoilt, pp/. a.

[un-* 8 b.] = prec. 2.

X796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla III. 180 An original feeling, unspoilt by the apathy of satiety. Ibid. IV. 153 Having brought with her whatever was unspoilt of her Tunbridge apparel. 1884 World 20 Aug. 20/1 An unspoilt English girl. X925 C. Connolly Let. 8 Apr. in Romantic Friendship (1975) 68, I hope to see some good unspoilt villages. 1939 Country Life it Feb. p. v (Advt.), 3 miles south of Dorking in beautiful unspoilt country, with lovely v'iews. X968 T. Wolfe Electric fCool-Aid Acid Test v. 59 Kesey wasn’t primarily an outdoorsman. He wasn’t that crazy about unspoilt Nature.

un'spoke, arch, variant of next. 1605 Shaks. Lear 1. i. 239 A tardinesse in nature, W’hich often leaues the history vnspoke That it intends to do.

un'spoken, ppl. a. [un-^ 8 b, 8 c. sd. Cf. (M)Du. ongesproken, MLG. ungesproken, MHG. ungesprochen.] 1. Not spoken of. fAlso with to. *375 Barbour Bruce xv. 268 Till king Robert will we ^ng, That we haf left vnspokyn of lang. CX530 L. Cox Kheth. (1899) 62, I can nat let passe his diuine wysdome vnspoken of. X588 Kyd Househ. Philos. Wks. (1901) 284 Albeit somethings vnspoken of might be reuiued and produced. X607 S. Collins Serm. (1608) 35, I am faine to passe by some things of moment, vnspoken-to here. X634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 147 The [Persian] women as vnseene may passe vnspoken of.

2. Not spoken, unsaid, expressed in speech.

unuttered;

not

c X449 Pecock Repr. iii. xiv. 373 The oon premisse is expressid .., and the other premysse is stille vnspokun for schortnes. X46X Paston Lett. II. 76 Desyreng the said schref if ony thyng of the Kyngs comaunded were be hynd unspoken by hym self that [etc.]. X548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Lv, Causes .. that.. ar better vnspoken then vttred. *577 Grange Golden Aphrod. Kiij, No doubte but 1.1, wished his wordes vnspoken. i6xx Shaks. Cymb. v. v. 139 Thou’lt torture me to leave vnspoken, that W’hich to be spoke, wou’d torture thee. X640 Quarles Enchyrid. in. xxxii, A word unspoken is like the Sword in thy Scabberd, thine. X773 Goldsm. ist Epil. to 'Stoops to Conq.', And that our friendship may remain unbroken, What if we leave the Epilogue unspoken? x8x8 Coleridge in Encycl. Metrop. I. Introd. 13 The unspoken alphabet of nature. x862 Shirley (J. Skelton) Nugse Crit. v. 210 Rigorous edicts.. which punished the unspoken thought as well as the visible act.

3. Not spoken to\ unaddressed.

a. (un-* 7.)

1809 Syd. Smith Serm. II. 307 In the tumult of life the man, who can please for the passing hour, is.. greater than him who has difficult, and unsplendid virtues.

with the unspillable ink-bottle. un'spilled,

yellow fields unspoil’d .. smile gladly. 1870 Bryant Iliad v. 1. 177 He left the corpse of Periphas unspoiled where he had fallen.

of spiritual qualities.

un'spit, t’.

trans. To extract a spike from (a cannon). 1680 Exact Jrnl. Siege Tangier 6 The Moors took our 1.

adv.\ -ness.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 476 Through that unspiritualnesse of our heart. 16^ Owen Expos. Ps. exxx, 352 The more spiritual any man is, the more he sees of his unspiritualness in his spiritual Duties. 1863 H. Allon Mem. J. Sherman Coll. Life i. 53 Unspiritualness had generated scepticism. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. II. 325 Those., may say., that 1 have written .. unspiritually of spiritual things. unspiritu'ality.

un'spiable,

UNSPORTFUL

209

Sen-. II. 57 Thus too did it supply.. a new centre or centres

plunder. C1500 Melusine xxxvi. 256 None passed by the said Fortresse vnspoyled. 15x3 Life Hen. V (1911) 34 All Churches.. shoulde be kepte inviolat, vnspoyled and vnharmed. X577 Dee General ^ Rare Mem. 4 Their Marchantlike Ships.. may.. pas auietly vnpilled, vnspoyled, and vntaken by Pyrates. x^3 Rnolles Hist. Turks (1621) 268 The Bassa.. t^^an.. with fire and sword to wast that part of the countrey which yet remained vnspoiled. X697 Dryden JEneis xi. 890 Unspoil’d shall be her Arms, and unprofan’d Her holy Limbs with any Human Hand. x8o2 j. Baillie 2nd Pt. Ethwald i. ii, A land of peace! Where

x6x6 Hieron Wks. II. 23, I shall also teach that which shall be for the best behoofe of euery one in this assembly, that so none may goe away vnspoken to. X72X Kelly Scot. Prov. 249 When Pecmle out of Bashfulness leave .. a Person unspoken to. 1855 Trollope Warden vi, She had sat the whole evening through.., not speaking, and unspoken to.

4. Sc. Without having spoken, rare-'. X597 in Spalding Cl. Misc. (1841) I. 91 Jonct W’ischert.. commandit.. Katherine Ewyn to ryss airlie befoir the sone, on betechit hir self to God, and on spokin.

b. (See quot.) X825 Jamieson, Unspoken water^ water.. brought.. to the house of a sick person, without the bearer’s speaking either in going or returning.

un'spongy, a. (un-* 7.) 0 X774 Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) I. 366 When an unspongy or solid body sinks in a vessel of water.

unspon'taneous, a. (un-* 7.) X79X CowpER Odyssey xx. 419 Wide they stretch’d Their jaws with unspontaneous laughter loud. 1885 Wesleyan Method. Mag. Dec. 955/2 Cases of unspontaneous Scripture-study. X896 Westm. Gaz. 15 Dec. 2/1 His acting .. is so mechanical,.. so painfully unspontaneous.

unspon'taneously, aeff. (un-* ii.) X640 Reynolds Treat. Passions xlii. 545 Whereby the W’ill of man is.. inforced or unspontaneously determined to the producing of such Effects.

un'spool, V. [uN-* 3.] trans. To unwind (thread, tape, etc.) from a spool; spec, in Cinematogr.^ to project (a film); also intr. of the thread, etc., or the film shown. Also fig. 1940 Amer. Speech XV. 205/1 Unspool, to project a film. X96X S. Plath in London Mag. Aug. 8 The heath grass glitters and the spindling rivulets Unspool and spend themselves. X962 A. Nisbett Technique ^ound Studio 271 Spill,.. to unspool a quantity of tape by accident. X973 Listener 22 Feb. 254/2 The new- play.. unspools inside Christopher’s head. X980 Times 10 Oct. 14/1 A noisy adventure film .. opened (or unspooled as local jargon has it) in Delhi.

un'sported, ppl. a. [un-‘ 8 + sport v. i i b.] Open. X87X ‘M. Lecra.nd’ Cambr. Freshm. xi. 200 Come on, Golightly, your door is unsported.

un'sportful, a. (un-* 7.) *837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. ii. iv. iv, ‘A Republic!’ said the Seagreen, with one of his dry, husky, unsportful laughs, ‘what is that?'

UNSPORTING un'sporting,/)/>/. a. (un-' io.) 1859 \V. H. Gregory Egypt II. 388 Then we beat the bed of the river, but in a most unsporting manner. 1894 igth Cent. July 130 A most pernicious and unsporting custom.

Hence un'sportingly adv.y un'sportingness. 1932 R. C.\MPBELL Taurine Provence 17 The ‘unsportingness* of hunting an animal in an enclosure. a 1974 R. Crossm.\n Diaries {ig’jti) II. 222, I was now in the dock for unsportingly challenging the rules when I’d lost a round in the parliamentary game. 1978 R. V. Jones Most Secret War xxv. 217 The Joint Intelligence Committee decided, very unsportin^^ly, I thought, to hold back Colvin’s account while they invited Ewen Montague.. to write an officially approved account.

un'sportsmanlike,

UNSTABLE

210

adv. (un-' 7 c, ii b.)

1754 Connoisseur No. 31 IP 12 It is unsportsman-like to admit dunghill cocks into the Pit. 1789 Wolcot (P. Pindar) Subj. for Painters Wks. 1816 II. 34 On which he., cry’d, ‘See, ho!' Then jump’d (unsportsman like) upon his hare. 1803 in Spirit Pub.Jrnh. VII. 298 We stayed till it was dark, that we might not be seen returning in such an unsportsmanlike manner, 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain 107 They use nets, spears, night lines, and every unsportsmanlike abomination. 1873 G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere ii. 8 It was all very well once in a way, but too unsportsmanlike to be repeated often.

un'sportsmanly, a. and adv. (un-* 7, ii.) 1778 [W. H. Marshall] Minutes Agric. 9 Sept. 1776, To behave in this churlish, unsportsmanly manner! Ibid., I will not suffer any man to trample unsportsmanly upon me with impunity.

un'spot, V. (UN-^ 4.) 1598 Florio, Dimacchiare, to vnspot, to take away spots. 01711 KEt^ Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 115 It seem’d an easier labour at first Sight, T’ unspot Leopards, or wash Ethiops white.

un'spottable, a. (uN-‘ 7 b.) 01711 Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 516 Robes unspottable and bright.

un'spotted, pp/. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not marked with spots; free from any spot or stain. 1382 Wyclif I Pet. i. 19 Bi the precious blood of the lomb vndefoulid and vnspottid. 1446 Lydg. Nightingale Poems i. ! 85 The lombe vnspotted, the grounde of Innocence. ? 1567 Stowe in Three 15th C. Chron. (Camden) 143 About that tyme [1567] were many congregations of the Anabaptysts in

London, who cawlyd themselvs Puritans or Unspottyd Lambs of the Lord. 1626 Bosworth Arcadius Sepha ii. 219 The tables did unspotted carpets hold Of Tyrian dyes. 1643 {title). The Parliaments Unspotted-Bitch; in answer to Prince Roberts Dog. 1709 Addison Taller No. 97 IP 2 Her beauty was natural and easy, her Person clean and unspotted. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Odes 11. v. 24 Like the Moon’s unspotted Light, O’er the Waves. 1804 Shaw Gen. Zool. V. 73 Unspotted Salmon, Salmo Immaculatus... Salmon with unspotted body. 1835 J. Duncan Beetles (Nat. Libr.) 220 The head, thorax, and scutellum are velvet black, and unspotted. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 353 Leaves lanceolate acute unspotted.

2. Not morally stained; unblemished, pure: a. Of persons, the mind, etc. c 1400 Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 48 She.. myghtly troid them vndir foit, vnspottid euermore abidyng. c 1450 Myrr. our Ladye 140 Sonne of the dene and vnspotted vyrgyn. 1526 Tindale Jas. i. 27 To kepe hym silfe vnspotted from the worlde. 1576 Gascoigne Kenelzv. Castle Wks. 1910 II. 108 The stately tower of your unspotted myndes. 1629 Prynne Anti-Armin. 84 Being thus rescued from the power of sinne, may they keepe themselues vnspotted from it. 1709 Addison Taller No. 75 IP4 My Sister Jenny., is as unspotted a Spinster as any in Great Britain. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Odes i. xxiv. 9 Modesty, unspotted Maid, And Truth in artless Guise array’d. 1812 Crabbe Tales vi. 346 A heart unspotted, and a life unblamed. 1863 Conington Horace, Odes i. x. 17 Thou lay’st unspotted souls to rest.

b. Of character, qualities, etc. 1455 Rolls of Park. V. 280/2 Alwey kepyng oure trouthe to his said Highnesse unspotted and unbrused. a 1568 Ascham Scholem. ii. (Arb.) 87 The vnspotted proprietie of the Latin tong, ..whan it was., at the hiest pitch of all perfitenesse. 1579 Spenser Two Commend. Lett. i. ad fin., The., inuiolable Memorie of our vnspotted friendshippe. 1638 M. Griffith in Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 160 Christendome cannot shew in one person.. a more Angelical Life, unspotted of y*" Worlde & the Flesh. 1665 Bunyan Holy Citie 73 The twelve Apostles, in their own pure, primitive, and unspotted Doctrine. 1712 Steele Spect. No. 276 If 2, I am a W’oman of an unspotted Reputation. 1772 Priestley Inst. (1782) II. 132 A being of unspotted purity. 1841 Browning Pippa Passes ii. 136 Never to overtake the rest of me. All that, unspotted, reaches up to you.

Hence un'spottedly adv.-, un'spottedness. 1598 Florio, Puramente, purely, cleanlie, ‘vnspottedlie. i6o2 F. Hering Anat. 6 He may religiously, vnspottedly, and charily, preserue the precious health and life of man. 1598 Florio, Puritd, puritie, clenlines, neatenes, •vnspottednes. 1624 Donne Devotions, etc. (ed. 2) 303 Doeth the Son dwell bodily in this flesh, that thou shouldst looke for an unspottedness here? 1682 Ingelo Bentiv. ^ Ur. (ed. 4) IV. 156 The unspottedness of our Virgin-life. 1706 tr. Liger's Compl. Florist 273 A violation of the candor and unspottedness of her Manners. 1828 T. Brown Serm. 86 Valens spared Paulinus out of respect to the unspottedness of his life.

t un'sprayed, p/)/. (2.^ Obs. [un-^ 8 + spray 5P.M Not furnished with sprays or branches. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. aj b, Adam the begynnyng of man kynde was as a stokke vnsprayde and vnfloreshed.

un'sprayed, pp/.

[un-^ 8 + spray v.*'] Not

sprayed with a chemical. 1894 Times 19 Nov. 4/4 Neither Puritan nor The Bruce yielded any diseased tubers on the unsprayed portions of the crop.

un'spread, ppl. a. Also 7 unspreaden.

[un-*

8 b.] Not spread (out). 1589 Fleming Virg. Georg, iii. 44 Lodging all night long he lies.. Vpon a couch vnmade (vnspread). 1642 H. More Song of Soul II. iii. 21 Remember that some things unspreaden be, How shall it find them out? 1644 G. Plattes in tiartlib's Legacy (1655) 188 Where dung hath..layen unspread for a moneth or six weeks. 1776 C. Keith Farmer's Ha' Ixi, The dishes set on unspread table. 1827 Pollok Course T. vi. 633 Bounding immensity, unspread, unbound! 1838 Mrs. Browning Young Queen i The shroud is yet unspread. 1844-Confessions iii. Unquickened, unspread My fire dropt down.

un'spread, v. (un-“ 3.) 1661 K. W. Conf. Charac. (i860) 69 He’s so used to spread cloaths, that he’s ne’re well but when he’s unspreading of aprons.

tun'sprighty, a. sprightly or lively.

[un-*

Obs.-'

7.]

Not

1607 Markham Cavel. viii. 14 Anie of these constant and vnsprity carriages are signes of dulnes.

un'spring, v. [un-^ 7, 4 b. Cf. OE. onspringan, OS. antspringariy Du. ontspringeriy intspringan (MHG., G. entspringen).^ 11. intr. To burst open. Obs.~‘^

OHG.

13 .. K. Alis. (W.) 2902 Mury hit is in sonne-risyngl The rose openith and unspryng [Laud MS. wile vpspringe].

2. trans. To release or detach by pressing a spring. 1802 James Milit. Diet., To unspring, a word of command formerly used in the exercise of cavalry. Ibid., Unspring your carbine. 1833 Reg. Instr. Cavalry i. 96 ‘Unspring’ by disengaging the swivel from the carbine. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. (ed. 8) 48 Unspring arms.

un'springing,

a. (un-* io.)

1821 Milman Judicum Regale unspringing fire.

140 The red havoc of

un'springy, a. (un-* 7.) 1672 Phil. Trans. VII. 5167 An Un-springy Fluid (which presseth but as a Weight not as a Spring). 1936 Scrutiny IV. 398 The new verse moves line by line, the characteristic single line having .. an evenly distributed weight— a settled, quite unspringy balance.

un'sprinkled, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] Not sprinkled with water, sprinkling.

etc.;

spec,

not

baptized

by

1648 Hexham ii, Ongewatert, vnwatered, or vnsprinckled. 1735 Savage Progr. Divine Wks. 1775 II. 112 Let babes of poverty convulsive lie; No bottle waits, tho’ babes unsprinkl’d die. 1802-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) II. 659 If the child remains unsprinkled,.. no registration is to take place. 1843 Tizard Brewing 62 Unsprinkled malt.

un'sprung, ppl. a.*

[un-* 8 b.]

Not having

sprung up or sprouted. 1600 Fairfax Tasso i. xlix, His hopes Vnsprong, his cares were fit to mowe. 1684 J. S. Profit & Pleas. United 106 To prevent the Crows or daws falling on the Come unsprung.

un'sprung, p/)/. a.'^ [un-* 8 b -i- sprung pp/. a.^] Not provided with a spring or springs. Of a (dance-)floor: not constructed so as to be resilient. 1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station i. 32 The floats of seaplanes were practically unsprung. 1939 M. Allingham Mr Campion fef Others i. viii. 171 A small unsprung dance-floor. 1973 R. Perry Ticket to Ride xii. 162 Both bunks boasted a mattress of sorts, thin and unsprung.

t un'spulyied, ppl. a. Sc. Obs. [un-* 8.] 1513 Douglas Mneid xi. xi. 134 My self..the reuthfull corps..sail cary away, Onspubeit of hir armour or array. 1559 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 316 The sklayttis, tymmir, and stanis. .that are in place onspoubet. 01578 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 285 That nane mycht travell onspuibeit on bayth the sydes. a 1670 Spalding Troub. Chas. 7(1850) I. 157 To saif.. his houssis on spobeit, and his freindis and seruandis on plunderit.

un'spun,

ppl. a. (un-* 8 b. Cf. OHG. ungispunnan (MHG. ungespunnen, G. -sponnen), ON. uspunninn (older Da. uspunden, Sw. ospunnen).) *545 Rates of Custom avi. Cotton vnsponne.. xxvi.s. viii. d. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus, Linum infectum, flaxe vnspunne. 1571 Wills Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 352, I haiue in the howse spunn and vnsponne vj ston of lynt. 1586 in Kyd Wks. (1901) 340 Her thred still holds, thine perisht though vnspun. 1827 Faraday Chem. Manip. ii. 49 A filament of unspun silk.

1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1299 Unspoused Pallas present is, O Phebus bright retire.

t un'spurn, t). Obs.-' open.

un'spouselike, a. (uN-^ yc.)

01300 K. Horn 1074 (Camb. MS.), Horn gan to pe 3ate turne. And pat wiket vnspurne [v.r. op spume].

1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. viii. vi. 401/2 All which vnprincelie and vn-Spouslike vsage..wa8, because shee onely should not liue in comfort.

un'spurred, {ppl.) a. [un-* 8, 9.] 1. Not urged on by a spur. Also fig.

[uN-^

2. Not furnished with a spur. 1852 C. W. Hoskyns Talpa xvi. 133 Grazing Mr. Greening’s unspurred foot with the point of the leader’s stretcher.

un'squandered, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 416 The public have a right to any effects he left unsquandered away. x8i2 Crabbe Tales xx. 175 His pension, with what sums remain Due or unsquander’d. t

unsquare, obs. f.

C1420 Avow. withskille.

Arth.

answer v. xix, The tother vnsquarut him

un'square, v.

[un-* 3, 6b, 7.] a. trans. To divest of squareness; to undo the squaring of. b. intr. To lose squareness of form or structure. 1611 Florio, Disquatrare, to vnsquare. 1790 Trans. Soc. VIII. 168 [The loom] is not liable to unsquare; and yet .. may be more easily removed than the old loom. 1872 De Morgan Budget of Paradoxes 470 Montucla charges Cluvier with unsquaring the parabola, which Archimedes had squared as tight as a glove.

un'squared,/>p/. a.

[un-* 8.] Not made square; not reduced to a square form or section. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. i Cor. viii. 23 b, An idole..hathe no more Godhead in it, than an other vnsquared piece of tymber. 1598 Grenewey Tacitus, Germanic ii. (1622) 262 They.. vse to all buildings vnsquared and vnwrought timber. 1633 T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 5 An unsquared stone.. must not be put into the building of Christ. 1664 Evelyn Sylva xxix. 90 Such Trees as one would leave round, and unsquar’d. 1798 Hutton Course Math. II. 95 To find the Solidity of Round or Unsquared Timber. 1883 Stevenson Treas. Isl. iv. xix. The log-house was made of unsquared trunks of pine. fii- *592 Kyd Sp. Trag. iii. xi. 23 The more he growes in stature... The more vnsquard, vnbeuelled he appeares. 1606 Shaks. Tr. ^ Cr. i. hi. 159 With tearmes vnsquar’d. Which from the tongue of roaring Typhon dropt, Would seeme Hyperboles. 1607 Marston What you will Induct., Were I to passe Through publick verdit, I should feare my forme, Least ought I offerd were unsquard or warp’d.

un'squeamish, a.

(un-* 7.) 1893 Athenseum 4 Feb. 157/3 This pushing, unsqueamish age. Hence un'squeamishly adv.-, un'squeamishness. 1922 F. L. Lucas Seneca & Elizabethan Tragedy iv. 97 With Tudor unsqueamishness the audience then proceeded to watch Tereus dining off his son’s flesh. 1959 Times 24 Jan. 7/7 The Calvinism that Burns satirized.. was unsqueamishly aware of man’s carnal nature. 1970 Daily Tel. 6 Feb. 17 The nurses are .. tireless. All the virtues of the Victorian heroine are there, with unsqueamishness added for good measure. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 27 Mar. 19/2 Vidal’s fiction is true to the spirit of 1876, an age that was unsqueamishly exploitive and loved the grand scale.

un'squeezed, ppl. a.

(un-* 8.) 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xi. If i The natural Spring that all these Joynts have, when they are unsqueez’d. 1736 Thomson Liberty v. 198 Rich, as unsqueez’d favourite, to them, Is he who can his Virtue boast alone! 1757 Garrick Lilliput Prol. 8 Gently you’ll ride, as in a Fairy Dream, Your Hoops unsqueez’d. 1824 Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl. (1876) 29 The primrose.. and the crawtae grow unsqueez’d and unlooked at.

un'squire, v.

(un-* 6 b.) 1721 Swift Let. to King at Arms Wks. 1841 II. 70/2 If this should be the test of squirehood, it will go hard with a great number of my fraternity,.. who must all be unsquired because a greyhound will not be allowed to keep us company. t

un'squissed,

ppl.

a.

Obs.-^

[un-*

8.]

Unsqueezed.

= UNSPOILED pp/. a. I.

unspurd, obs. var. unspeered ppl. a. un'spoused, ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

01635 Corbet Iter Bor. Poems (1647) 12 His Mare went truer then his Chronicle; And.. unspurr’d, unbeaten. Brought us sixe miles. 1865 Meredith R. Fleming xviii, The replenished glass enabled Stephen to add the picturesque bits of the affray, unspurred hy a surrounding eagerness of his listeners. 1^6 Pall Mall (j. 31 July 2/2 Not altogether unspurred by hints from home.

9.] trans. To force

1648 Hexham ii, Ongepijnden honigh, Vnpressed, or Vnsquissed hony.

unsta'bility. Now rare,

(un-* 12, 5 b.) 01470 Dives ^ Pauper (W. de W. 1496) vi. x. 247/2 Eue synned more by freelte and unstabylyte.. than by shrewednes. 1572 Wills Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 386 Perceivynge.. the vnstabilitie and soden changes of the worlde, ..and the vneertentye of deathe. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 50 The head was forthwith strucke off from this miserable carkasse (the mirrour of honours vnstabilitie). 1646 P. Bulkeley Gospel Covt. v. 363 When you see uncertainty and unstability of all things. 1886 Science 5 Nov. 401/2 The unstability of such an association is .. beginning to be understood.

un'stable, a.

[un-* 7, 5 b. Cf. obs. Du. onstabel, MHG. unstabel.] 1. a. Not remaining steadily in the same place; apt to move or be moved about.

a 122$ Ancr. R. 122 Ne scheawe6 heo pet heo is dust, & vnstable pine, pet mid a lutel wind of a word is anon to blowen. a 1340 Hampole Ps. x. i If i doe i sail be like a sparou, pat is, vnstabile and lyght. 1388 Wyclif Gen. iv. 14 Y schal be vnstable of dwellyng and fleynge aboute in erthe. 1483 Cath. Angl. 357/2 Vn Stabylle, argus, vagus. 1597 R. Tofte, etc. Laura i. xviii. If Sea no other thing doth shew to bee Than most vnstable waters moouing oft. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 91 Sands., in great drifts., so light and vnstable, that the high wayes are neuer certaine. 1653 W.

UNSTABLE Ramesey Astrol. Restored 179 Aries,.. though it be a sign yet is it moveable and unstable.

b. Not Steady in position; readily swaying or shaking; liable to swing or fall. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 200 Now herke how thilke unstable whcl. Which evere torneth, wente aboute. 1393 Langl. P. PI. C. XL 37 Stonde he neuere so styfliche J>orgh ster>'nge of the bote. He bendeh arid boweh, pc body is vnstable. c 1480 I Ienryson Fables, Cock Fox 199 Thy strenth is nocht, thy stule standis vnstabill. 01542 Wyatt in TotteVs Misc. (Arb.) 38 So foloweth me remembrance of that face: That with my teary cyn, swolne, and vnstable. My desteny to beholde her doth me lead. 1567 Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 106 As quheill vnstabill and caffe befoir the wind. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xix. xiii. When the still windes stirre not th’ vnstable maine. 1736 Thomson Liberty iv. 302 On each hand Amazing seen amid unstable waves, The splendid palace shines. 1760 Goldsm. Cit. W. ii, A strange people.. who have founded an empire on this unstable element [^r. the ocean]. 1857 Buckle Chilis, vii. 347 The sailor is naturally more superstitious than the soldier, because he has to deal with a more unstable element. 1873 Maxwell Electr. ^ Magn. I. 141 The body therefore is unstable even when constrained to move parallel to itself, a fortiori it is unstable when altogether free.

c. Of movement: Unsteady; irregular. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 54 It makkis ane onstabil reuolution in thre hundretht xlviij dais. 1819 ScoTT Ivanhoe xlii, Down he came, with an unstable step and a strong flavour of wine.

d. Mech. Of equilibrium (q.v.). 1839 G. Bird Nat. Philos. 31 The body will be in a state of unstable equilibrium, i860 All Year Round No. 69. 450 An acrobat balances a ladder on his shoulder; on the ladder, perhaps will mount a child... The whole are in unstable equilibrium.

2. Not stable in purpose; vacillating, fickle, changeable. ri290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 319/685 Wrathpe he berth luytel 3wyle:.. Glad and blit?e, and onstable of p&i he hath to done. 1297 R. Glouc. 10507 He made of pc olde lawes is chartre atte laste,.. & aselede is vaste inou, Ac suf t>e as vnstable man v/ip sede Sc wip drou. c 1305 Pilate 183 in E.E.P. (1862) 116 Alle hat ihurde his cas Wondrede moche of hemperour, hat he vnstable was. p/. a.

un'stalked, a. (un-* 9.) 1875 Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. 93 Free swimming unstalked bells. 1884 Ellacombe Plant-Lore Shaks. 115 Female blossoms .. completely sessile or unstalked.

un'stalled»/)/>/. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1829 Lytton unstalled at the gate.

1647 Trapp Comm, i Cor. i. 17 Witness his [i.e. Paul’s] artificial! unstarching of the Oratours speech. Act. 26.

Dex'ereux iv. i, My horse stood

[un-* 8.] Not starched;

free from stiffness. [1775 Ash.] 1827 Archaeologia XXL 254 An unstarched or unplaited pocket. x86i T. A. Trollope La Beata I. vi. 124 The unstarched ease of her own undisguised character. 1894 Mrs. Dyan Man's Keeping II. 137 You look.. as limp as an unstarched collar.

un'starredi ppl. a. [uN-* 8.] Not marked with MDa.

a star or asterisk; not decorated with a star; spec. of a Parliamentary question: denoting that a written reply is required. Also fig.

1594 Plat Jewell-ho. 11. 46 Malaghie reasons.. either stampt or unstampt. 1595 R. Southwell Maeoniae, Christ's Bloody Sweat 3 Sweete oliue, grape of blisse,.. vnstampt, vntoucht of presse. 1648 Hexham ii, Ongestooten Peper, Vnstamped Pepper.

[1775 Ash.] a 1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 65 Perfect bliss, unstarred with woe. 1854 S. Dobell iii. 12 The keeper of the palace-gate .., although he come In fashion as a commoner, unstarred, Lets the prince pass. 1890 Hessels Latin-A.S. Glossary p. xli, I trust that.. no A.S. words [are] left unstarred. 1902 Hansard Commons 18 June 958 To ask the First Lord of the Treasury if arrangements can be made by which the answer to an unstarred Question shall be communicated to the Member asking the Question within an hour after the sitting of the House on the day., the Question is asked. 1919 Ld. Curzon in Hansard Lords 11 Mar. 633 His alternative, I think, was this—that one is to assume that a Question in future, starred or unstarred, is a Question only. 1978 T. Willis Buckingham Palace Connection i. 10 Prayers had been said, and the business of the afternoon began, as usual, with a series of four Unstarred Questions.

un'stamped, ppl. a. [un-^ ustampet.] 1. Not crushed by stamping.

8.

Cf.

2. Not marked by stamping; not stamped with a device or official mark: a. Of metals. 1622 Strange Accid. in Harl. Misc. (1808) I. 26/2 Silver of three sorts, all unstamped, a 1643 Godolphin Sonn. fr. fiarl. MS. 2$ Like unstamped gold I weigh each grate. 1767 Curiosities of London 71 Putting in the unstamped piece with his forefinger and thumb. 1801 Farmer's Mag. 196 A bit of unstamped bullion. 1853 Trench Proverbs 15 The same advantage .. which .. has the recognised coin of the realm over the rude unstamped ore.

b. Of paper or publications. 1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 13 Country Bankers can .. issue bills of exchange on unstamped paper. 1855

Instructions to Postmasters June, Unstamped Publications .. can be forwarded .. under the regulations of the Book Post. 1861 Sat. Rev. 23 Nov. 532 So all the benefits of a free press, unstamped, unexcised, may be altogether thrown away.

3. Not having a stamp affixed. 1892 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Slave of Lamp xxi, Posting an unstamped letter addressed to England.

Unstan ('Anstan). The name of the site of a chambered tomb on Mainland, Orkney, used attrib. to denote a type of early neolithic pottery originally found on that site. 1932 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. VH. 64 The hatched and shaded Triangle motif occurs on the Unstan bowls. 1954 S. Piggott Neolithic Cultures viii. 248 The bulk of the pottery .. can best be classed as Unstan ware from the thirty or so vessels found in that tomb. 1978 Times 27 May 3/3 One post-hole also yielded shreds of ‘Unstan’ pottery, characteristic of the early Neolithic period of the Orkney Islands.

un'stanchable, a. [un-* 7 b.] 1. Incapable of being stopped or ended. C1374 Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. vii. (1868) 58 By \>t regard of eternite, pat is vnstauncheable [L. inexhausta] and infinit. 1430-40 Lvdg. Bochas viii. xvii. (1558) 12 With heed enclyned no word he spake again, Fyll in wepinge, with subbyng vnstaunchable. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. xxiii. 6 Gods goodnesse is unstaunchable. 1670 Swan Spec. M. 440 The wounds of the Haemorrhois procure unstanchable bleeding. 1837 Carlyle Necklace, Misc. Ess. (1840) V. 104 He burst into unstanchable blubbering of tears. 1880 Swinburne Stud. Shaks. (ed. 2) i. 51 That perpetual source of debate unstanchable and inexhaustible dispute.

2. Unquenchable, insatiable. 1426 Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 13053 Evere ther glotons appetyt Ys so ful off ffals delyt, So gredy and so vnstaunchable. C1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xiv. (1869) 142 Vnstaunchable is my wille;..my affeccioun may haue no fulfillinge. 1440 J. Shirley Dethe K. James (1818) 25 Consideryng his unstaunchable covetise. 1590 Serpent of Deris. Aiijb/2 His greedy unstancheable thirste of covetousnes. 1625 Jackson Creed v. xxxii. §3. 307 The flames of.. ill-kindled loue .. hath caused his stonie heart to boyle over with vnstaunchable bloudie malice.

un'started, ppl. a. 1. Unstartled.

[un-* 8.]

1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida i. iv. 215 Sound sleeps, unstarted innocence, Softn’d their Beds.

2. Not Started or begun.

t un'stanged, ppl. a. stung.

Obs.-^

[un-^ 8.]

un'starch, v. stiffness.

[un-^ 4.]

To free from

1600 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. iii. ii, [He] dares not smile Beyond a point, for fear t’unstarch his look. 1641 J. Trapp Theol. Theol. iv. 174 [Paul] unstarcht the Oratours speech

7.) II.

304 That

un'statutable, a. [uN-^yb.] Not in accordance with, contrary to, a statute or statutes. 1634 Laud Wks. (1857) VI. 388 That they use not long, undecent hair,.. nor any other like unstatutable novelty. 1691 Case of Exeter Coll. 22 These severe and unstatutable proceedings. 1723 Swift Argts. agst. Power Bps. Wks. 1841 II. 218/2 In the present bishop of Meath’s case that plea did not avail, although the lease were notoriously unstatutable. 1794 Burke Corr. IV. 237 A deputation to remonstrate against an unstatutable arrangement proposed for the succession to the provostship. 1051 J. B. Mozley Lett. 208 The President has summarily squashed the whole scheme, on the ground of being unstatutable.

Hence un'statutably adv. 1688 in Magd. Coll. & Jas. //(O.H.S.) 224 The one being unstatutably admitted. 1721 N. Amherst Terrse Fil. No. 27 (1726) 147 That he governs his college arbitrarily, unjustly, and unstatutably. 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. The establishment of ‘vicars’, or, as they are now more usually but unstatutably called, ‘minor canons’.

un'staunch, a. Also unstanch,

[un-^ 7.]

Not

sound, firm, watertight, etc. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xvi. ci, 400 Who can lesse than smile that sees vnstanch and riueld faces. To shelter coylie vnderneath Fannes. />/. a. (un-^ io.)

unstathelfast, a.\ see

trans.

(un-*

1868 VisCT. Strangford Select. (1869) unstatistical city [Constantinople].

staves.

Not

13.. Metr. Horn. (MS. Ashm. 42) fol. 126b, Nedders vnstangid sail )>ai bere; Poysonouse drink sail )7aim nojt dere.

unsta'tistical, a.

1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) VI. 118 Unbroken, unstarting slumbers.

[1775 Ash.] 1864 PuSEY Lect. Daniel i. 14 Daniel,.left unstated the grounds of his non-participation in their steadfastness. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 19 June 9/3 The assertions he makes, and especially the points he leaves unstated.

1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Plough 220 Slugging on the waves of this ocean with an unstancht ship. 1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) II. 126 The elements..came pouring from unstanched roofs. fig. 1610 Shaks. Temp. i. i. 51 Though the Ship were .. as leaky as an vnstanched wench.

1839 Carlyle Chartism iv. (1858) 21 So much can observation altogether unstatistic, .ascertain for itself.

un'starting, p/>/. a. (un-^ io.)

c 1374 Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. vi. (i868) 54 Rycchesse may nat restreyne auarice vnstaunched. 1591 Lyly Endym. ll. ii, I will.. teare the flesh with my teeth, so mortall is my hate, and so eger my unstaunched stomacke. 1596 Shaks. j Hen. VI, II. vi. 83 Stifle the Villaine, whose vnstanched thirst Yorke, and yong Rutland could not satisfie. 1613 Heywood Silver Age iii. i, His maw Vnstaunch’t, He still the thicke Nemean groues doth stray,

2. Not made staunch or water-tight.

unsta'tistic, a. (uN-* 7.)

unstaunchable, -ed:

un'stated, ppl. a.

b. Unrestrained; not stopped.

1760 C. Johnston Chrysal I. 23 Though I could give their ships information how to avoid our squadrons, yet they fell into the hands of unstationed privateers.

[1775 Ash.] 1898 Daily News 14 Nov. 5/1 Three blocks are now approaching completion,.. and only two remain unstarted.

un'stanched, a. [un-^ 8.] 1. a. Not satisfied; unsated.

1621 N. Riding Rec. (1894) 3^ Being unstaunchte they [rc. deer] raunge over all the adjacent fieldes. 1826 Scott Woodst. xiv, I conjure thee by the unstanch’d wound. 1850 Blackie JEschylus H. 263 Fresh and unstaunched woes.

un'stationed, a. (un-^ 9.)

(un-^ 7.) 1832 Whewell in Life (1881) 149, I shall be very unstationary (if there be such a word) for the next three weeks.

[un-^ 8 + stay Not stayed or stopped; unhindered, unimpeded. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xx. xciii. 382 A thunderbolt he was .. that..of his comming swift, and flight vnstaid, Etemall signes in hardest rockes hath wrought. 1638 Junius Paint. Ancients 314 His vast and unstayed understanding. 1820 pRAED Poems (1S64.) II. 40 Unchecked, unstayed, he hurries on. 1851 Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. 1. 730 To strike electric influence through a race, Unstayed by city-wall and barbican.

un'stayed, ppl.

a.^ [un-^ Unsupported, ftinstable.

8

+

stay

v.^]

1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 11. 184 For one kinde thereof [if. consent] is firme and stedfast, and another weake and vnstayed. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. i. 20 He..layd On hideous strokes .. That oft he made him stagger as vnstayd. />/. a. (un-' io.) 1790 Cowper Let. toj. Hill 17 Sept., The sum subscribed .. will defray the expense of printing; which is as much as, in these unsubscribing days, I had any reason to promise myself. 1837 Westm. Rev. July 73 As far as the unsubscribing public were concerned. X851 H. D. Wolff Madrilenia 50 Three rows of benches, where the bourgeoisie and unsubscribing portion of the aristocracy can take places.

unsub'servient, a. (un-' 8.) 1656 Bramhall Replic. ii. 84 These observations.. are so innocent, so indifferent, and so unsubserviant to either party, that I hoped they might pass without any censure.

unsub'sided^ ppL a. (un-^ 8.) x8o4 Eugenia de Acton Talewithout TitleUl. i92Their joy was mixed with a still unsubsided surprise. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxix. The froth of the last draught of twopenny yet unsubsided on his upper lip.

[x77s Ash.] 1797 Coleridge Osorio in. i. 11 What ear unstun’d.. might bear up against The rushing of your congregated wings?

un'subjugated, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

t un'sturted,/)/)/. a. Sc. [un-* 8.] Undisturbed.

unsu'blimable, a. (un-‘ 7 b.)

*535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) HI. 265 To the thrid day the parteis baith did ly Into thair tentis wnsturtit richt still.

un'subsidized, ppl. a. (un-' 8.)

*753 Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Sublimable, Those things, which render unsubtimable bodies sublimable. 1803 Phil. Trans. XCIII. 26 The apparent sublimation of the common flowers of zinc at the instant of their production, though totally unsublimable afterwards.

1756 World No. 204 1^2 Certain unsubsidized pamphleteers. 1807 Syd. Smith Lett. Catholics iv, The winds, those ancient and unsubsidised allies of England. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. CXX. 125 The criticism and denunciation of the unsubsidized press.

unsu'blimed, ppl. a. (uN-* 8.)

unsub'sistence. (un-^ 12, 5 b.)

1694 Salmon Bate's Dispens. 416/2 Some prepare it., with the crude Sulphur and unsublimed Salt. Ibid. 610/1 The unsublimed Sal-Armoniack. 1771 Phil. Trans. LXI. 125 Any solution or combination of tin, unsublimed or undistilled. 1814 Scott Wav. xxiii, A simple and unsublimed taste now, like my own, would perfer a jet d’eau at Versailles to this cascade.

X642 D. Rogers Naaman 180 From the yrkesomenesse, vanity, bondage and unsubsistence.

un'sty,

V. (uN-® 5.) x6x4 Markham Cheap Hush. i. i. 90 The orderliest feeding of Swine is.. in the Morning earely when you vnstie them [etc.].

un'stylish, a. (un-* 7.) 1863 Mrs. Whitney F. Gartney's Girlh. vi. respectable but somewhat unstylish figure and dress.

Her

unsub'duable, a. (un-* 7 b and 5 b.) 1611 CoTGR., Invincible,. .vnsuhduable, vnconquerable. 1622 W. Whately God's Husb. ii. io8 The most mischievous,.. and but by his strength vnsubduable corruptions of their nature. x8io Southey Kehama xviii. v. Her Father’s eye .. spake .. Stern patience unsubduable by pain. 1840 Carlyle Heroes iv. (1858) 291 Unsubduable granite, piercing far and wide into the Heavens! 1878 P. Bayne Purit. Rev. xi. 499 An unsubduable capacity to make the best of things.

[1775 Ash.] 1837 Lytton Athens I. 416 Babylon alone remained unsubjugated by the Mede.

unsub'merged, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 1883 Century Mag. XXVII. i88 Only a thin scattered fringe of bluffs was unsubmerged.

unsub'mersible, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) 1891 W. K. Brooks Oyster 58 unsubmersible claires [= oyster-tanks].

Two

beautiful

unsub'mission. (un-* 12.) unsub'dued, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) *590 Spenser F.Q. hi. iii. 38 T’afRict the other Saxons vnsubdewd. 0x628 F. Grevil Sidney (1652) 99 The yet unsubdued Princes of Germany. C1630 Sanderson Serm. II. 312 There may lurk in our hearts some secret noysome lust undiscovered, and $0 unsubdued. 1712 Blackmore Creation iv. 9 If dread of death still unsubdued remains. 1794 S. Williams Vermont 170 His passions unsubdued, undisciplined. X831 James Phil. Augustus II. iv. The still unsubdued terror of the bishop. X863 Conington Horace, Odes IV. xiv. 8 They know thee now, thy strength in war, Those unsubdued Vindelici. absol. 1835 Milman Nala Damayanti 32 In his wicked thought the dastard - her yet powerless to subdue. On the unsubdued stood gazing.

Hence unsub'duedness. 01665 Goodwin Filled u'. the Spirit vi. (1670) 141 Weakness in Faith,.. unsubduedness of the Flesh, a 1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 165 Unsubduedness of spirit. *839 Pusey in Liddon Life (1893) 11. 142 Vanity, unsubduedness, self in some form, has been the source of all heresy. X878 Abp. Benson Let. in Li/e (1901) 176 It is, I am afraid, interior unsubduedness.

un'subject, a. (un-^ 7.) X382 Wyclif Heb. ii. 8 In that thing that he sugetide alle thingis to him, he lefte no thing vnsuget [u.r. vnsugettedj to him. X583 Golding Cfl/t in on Deu/. xlviii. 281 Not any of vs .. can excuse himselfe to bee vnsubject to such

X845 Jane Robinson Whitehall II. 252 After this evidence of unsubmission, he was detained .. a close prisoner. 1865 Pusey Eirenicon 15 A spiritual disease, which is part of man’s unsubmission to his God.

unsub'missive, a. (UN-^ 7 and 5 b.) a 1653 [see unsubjection]. 01716 South Serm. (1744) X. v. 154 A stubborn unsubmissive frame of spirit in men. 1849 Eastwick Dry Leaves 55 [He] would hardly brook a band of unsubmissive strangers so near his own throne. 1868 Lynch Rivulet exxv. ii, The lord of quarrel.. And unsubmissive will.

Hence unsub'missiveness. Also unsubmissively adv. (Webster, 1847). 1868 Pusey Serm. Pharisaism 7 Heresy, unbelief, misbelief, unsubmissiveness,.. spring from pride.

unsub'mitting, ppl. a. (un-^ 10.) *730 Thomson Autumn 840 A generous race Of unsubmitting spirit. 1783 W’. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. II. 366 Those unsubmitting heroes. 0 1796 Burns 'All devil as I am' 8 The honest man.., Whose unsubmitting heart was all his crime. 01835 Mrs. Hemans Abencerrage ill. viii. Heroic spirits, unsubmitting yet. Ibid, xviii, A sterner tone of unsubmitting thought.

t unsu'bordinate, a. Obs. (un-‘ 7 and 5 b.) X641 Milton Reform, n. 66 A certaine unquestionable Patriarchat, independent and unsubordinate to the Crowne.

old

un'substanced, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 01658 [see unsinewy]. 1838 S. Bellamy Betrayal 162 A vasty world of form Unsubstanc’d.

unsub'stantial, a. [un-' 7 and 5 b.] 1. Having no real basis or foundation in fact. ^ *455 Pecock Folewer 114 dyuersite .. was not but in wordis oonli and in fame of pe peple wipout pe trouj?, which ful oft is founde ful vntrewe, vnsubstancial and perilose. X7X5 Rowe Lady Jane Gray iv. 48 The vain Dream Of Empire, and a Crown,.. With all those unsubstantial empty Forms. 1776 Gibbon Decl. fef F. xiii. I. 399 These deep but unsubstantial meditations. x8io Southey Kehama vii. xi. Nor build on unsubstantial hope thy trust. *833-4 J. Phillips Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 688/2 Even* new, fanciful, and unsubstantial theory. 1883 Sir H. Co'TTON in Latv Rep. it Q.B. Div. 532 If the counter-claim is frivolous and unsubstantial.

2. Having no bodily or material substance. 1592 Shaks. Rom. & Jul. v. iii. 103 Shall I beleeue that vnsubstantiall death is amorous? 1^5 - Lear iv. i. 7 Welcome then, Thou vnsubstantiall ayre that I embrace. x67x Milton P.R. iv. 399 Darkness.. brought in lowring night Her shadowy off-spring, unsubstantial both. *742 Young Nt. Th. ix. 118 What lengths of far-fam’d ages .. roll along In unsubstantial images of air! X794 G. Adams N0/. & Exp. Philos. HI. xxix. 198 Time and space, which in themselves are unsubstantial, inanimate, and destitute of intelligence. 1827 Pollok Course T. 111. 412 Of all the phantoms,.. Most unsubstantial, unessential shade. Was earthly Fame. 187X L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. ii. 82 Hill and plain, apparently unsubstantial as a mountain mist. 1885 R. Bridges Eros Psyche i. vi, To man’s purer unsubstantial part The brightness of her presence was addressed.

b. Lacking in substance or solidity. Comb.

Also

x6x7 Hieron Wks. II. xxvi. 363 If you shall pill it [if. a rush], what is vnder it but a kind of spongious, vnsubstantiall substance? 1773 Cook's Voy. hi. xi. HI. 690 They taste not unlike a green cocoa-nut, and, like them, probably they yield a nutriment that is watry and unsubstantial. X825 J. Neai, Bro. Jonathan H. 195 Wasted

away, in her unsubstantial proportions. 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 18/1 The suburbs are..even more unsubstantial-looking than the city. 1848 Mill Pol. Eton. i. xi. §3. 203 We can scarcely conceive more unsubstantial or temporary’ fabrics.

Hence unsub'stantialness. i860 PusEY Min. Proph. 465 The unsubstantialness of it all, the unsubstantiality of his lies.

unsubstanti'ality. [f. prec.] The quality of being unsubstantial; insubstantiality. 1838 A. Clissold Pract. Nature 182 If we allow this doctrine of unsubstantiality to prevail. 1847 C. Bronte J. Eyre xxiv, Something of unsubstantiality and uncertainty had beset my hopes, i860 [see prec.]. 1883 Fortn. Rev. Apr. 565, I have no consciousness of w'hat happened, after this feeling of unsubstantiality came upon me.

unsub'stantialize^ v. (un-=* 6 c.) 1809-14 WoRDSW. Excurs. ix. 66 While the gross and visible frame of things, .seems All unsubstantialized. 1894 S. Brooke Tennyson v. 148 The sudden unsubstantialising of the outward world .. was Wordsworth’s frequent feeling.

unsub*stantially,

(un-^ ii.)

1529 Act. 21 Hen. VIII, c. 16 §1 Wares whiche they untruely, subtely, unsubstauncially, and dysceytfully have made. [1847 Webster ] 1890 W. H. Dawson Unearned Increment vii. 84 It matters not to the speculator how unsubstantially his houses are built. 1972 P. D. James Unsuitable Job iii. 96 The sitting-room was elegantly but unsubstantially furnished.

unsub'stantiate, a. (un-* 7, 5 b.) 1890 Cath. News 3 May 4/3 A second glance.. is enough to expose the unsubstantiate fraud.

unsub'stantiate, v. [un-^ 6.] trans. To divest of substance; to render unsubstantial. 1799 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 284 Death!—that.. so unsubstantiates the living things that one has grasped. 1819 Chalmers Congregat. Serm. (1836) I. 345 You unsubstantiate all the solemnity of his proclaimed sayings. 1881 Fraser Berkeley 91 The premises that unsubstantiate matter, they would argue, unsubstantiate everything.

unsub'stantiated, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 139 An unsubstantiated rumour of his having been seen conversing with slaves. 1856 Froude Hist. Eng. II. 46 Wolsey..set aside these unsubstantiated rumours.

unsubstanti'ation. (un-‘ 12.) 1881 Fraser Ber/te/ey 201 [Berkeley] would probably have been satisfied with this acknowledgment, as a sufficient unsubstantiation of matter.

un'subtle, a. (un-' 7.) ai5CK) Ratis Raving i. 877 For sen [? read few] vnsubtill that are fals Eschapis vnhyngyt be the hals. 1942 A. L. Rowse Cornish Childhood ii. 29 My father., was a man of simple texture, upright, hard-working.. but he was uneducated, unintrospective, unsubtle. 1978 R. Nixon Mem. 526 The Soviets moved troops to the Chinese border in an unsubtle attempt to tie up Chinese forces and prevent them from going to the aid of Pakistan.

Hence un'subtly adv. 1934 in Webster. 1959 Times 24 Oct. 9/1 French vowels fall unsubtly from her lips. 1976 Daily Tel. 8 July 16 Anyone who goes around announcing, or unsubtly implying, that he is so terribly tough, aggressive and exciting is unlikely to be any of those things.

unsub'verted, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) [*775 Ash.] 1809-14 Wordsw. Excurs. iii. 149 Pyramid Of Egypt, unsubverted, undissolved. 1835 Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. I. v. 186 The reefs of coral that were left unsubverted. 1872 Brierley Cotters of Mossburn xxiv. 245 Invested with much of the feeling and understanding of unsubverted human nature.

unsuc'ceedable, a. (un-^ 7 b.) 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. ii. 6 Whereof had he remained assured, he had continued silent, nor would his discretion attempt so unsucceedable a temptation.

unsu'cceeded, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1667 Milton P.L. v. 821 To binde with Laws the free. And equal over equals to let Reigne, One over all with unsucceeded power. 1831 T. Hope Ess. Origin Man III. 229 To many a man the storms of the day remain unsucceeded by a serene sunset.

unsuc'ceeding,/>/>/. a. (un-^ io.) 1639 Fuller Holy War iv. xxix. 220 None will willingly father unsucceeding villany. 1661 Boyle Certain Physiol. Ess. (1669) 75 The Second Essay Of Un-succeeding Experiments.

unsuc'cess. [un-* 12 and 5 b.] Lack of success, failure; an instance of this. 01586 Sidney Arcadia ii. viii. He deemed his unsuccesse [1590 unsuccessings] proceeded of their unwillingnes to have him prosper. 1655 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 292 The late busines, whose vnsuccess, as hee thought, wolde prooue of aduantage to Cromwell. 1710 Strype Life & Acts of E. Grindal vii. 70 These Unsuccesses were justly looked upon to proceed from the punishing Hand of Heaven. 1797 J. Pinkerton Hist. Scotland I. 86 Fortune preserved his government from any signal unsuccess. 1837 Miss Mitford Country Stories (1850) 129 Chilled by so much unsuccess, the ardour of my pursuit began to abate. 1883 Swinburne Misc. (1886) 128 The definitions he gives us of his object and the tests which these offer of his success and unsuccess.

unsuc'cessful, a. [un-* 7 and 5 b.] Not attended by, not meeting or attaining, success, a. Of actions, endeavours, etc. 1617 Moryson Itin. ii. 48 Griefe of vnsuccessefull loue. 1651 Baxter Infant Baptism 161 They are cited by

UNSUFFERABLE

218

UNSUBSTANTIALITY

Conradus Bergius in his most excellent Pacificatory (though hitherto much unsuccessful!) Treatise. 1685 Dryden Sylvae Pref. IP 6 These .. deserve the pains I have taken with them, which I hope have not been unsuccessful, or unworthy of my author. 1744 Berkeley Siris §6 Which trials I never knew unsuccessful. 1809 Coleridge Friend 37 An unsuccessful attempt to deceive him. 1837 Lockhart Scott II. xii. 407 Mr. Southey’s application was unsuccessful. 1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting vii. 300, I have shot nothing; two hard unsuccessful days.

b. Of persons. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharon. 11. i. 309 The unsuccessful rebel thus secured By speedy flight. 1714 Addison Spect. No. 592 IPi Which, as I am informed, are the Plays of many unsuccessful Poets artificially cut and shreaded for that Use. 1790 Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. I. 100 To be unsuccessful or unfortunate, is generally to be criminal in the opinion of mankind. 1828 Lytton Pelham II. X, My unsuccessful opponent..preferred a petition against me, for what he called undue means. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 152 If a man doesn’t make money.. he is regarded only as an unpractical, unsuccessful enthusiast. absol. 1750 Johnson Rambler No. 87 IP9 The unsuccessful vent their discontent upon those that excel them. 1898 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner iv. So many sail to those distant havens of the unsuccessful.

unsuc'cessfully, adv.

[un-^ ii.

Cf. prec.]

Without success. 1649 J. H. Motion to Pari. Adv. Learn. 35 Propensions.. which if disobeyed succeeded untowardly and unsuccessfully. 1664 Dryden Rival Ladies Ep. Ded. IPz Fortune.., with which wisdom does often unsuccessfully struggle in the world, a 1674 Milton Free Commw. Wks. 1851 V. 425 Nor was the heroic Cause unsuccessfully defended to all Christendom, against the Tongue of a famous and thought invincible Adversary. a 1721 Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) II. 177 Several letters shew his punctual performance of it, tho’ unsuccessfully. 1819 Scott Ivanhoe xxv. Has your suit, then, been unsuccessfully paid to the Saxon heiress? 1873 Proctor Expanse Heav. 287 Our short-lived race..has., not unsuccessfully carried out the daring scheme [etc.].

unsuc'cessfulness. (un-* 12 and 5 b.) c 1630 Sanderson Serm. (1681) 307 The weakness, frailty, and unsuccessfulness of mens devices. 1687 Boyle Martyrd. Theodora ix. 171 The unsuccesfulness he had hitherto met with in his attempt. 1742 Johnson's Debates (1787) II. 107 The unsuccessfulness of their endeavours. 1761 Sterne Tr. Shandy iv. vi, When recollecting the unsuccessfulness of his first effort in that attitude. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. iv. vi, Custine was .. found guilty .. of one thing, unsuccessfulness.

t unsuc'cessible, a. Obs.-^ admitting of succession.

[UN-* 7.]

Not

*579 Fulke Refui. Rastel 736 So great blasphemie, as none can lightly be greater,.. because it taketh away the eternall and vnsuccessible priesthood of Christ.

t unsuc'cessing, vbl. sb. (See unsuccess, quot. 01586.)

unsuc'cessive, a. [un-' 7 and 5 b.] 11. Unsuccessful. Obs.—^ 1617 Woodall Surg. Mate Pref. (1639) B 6 b. To keepe a loumall in writing.. as well of the unsuccessive applications, as of the successive.

2. Not exhibiting succession. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 345 Although we be measured by the Zone of time, ..yet can we not thus., summe up the unsuccessive and stable duration of God. 01676 Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. iii. 90 Such parts of the visible Universe as are incorruptible, unalterable, and unsuccessive. 1737 A. Baxter Enq. Nat. Human Soul 375 If this necessary Being hath no change or succession in his nature, his existence must of course be unsuccessive. i8n A. M.^^Lean Comm. Heb. Wks. 1847 II. 281 He hath an unsuccessive priesthood, which passeth not from him to any other.

Hence unsuc'cessively adv., funsuccessfully. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4333/4 The Union with Scotland,.. so often .. unsuccessively attempted,.. is the Joy., of all Your.. Subjects.

unsuc'cessiveness. (un-* 12. Cf. prec.) *737 A. Baxter Enq. Nature Human Soul 375 On the other hand, it is, I think, scarce intelligible, to apply this successiveness or unsuccessiveness (so to speak) to time itself, or to eternity, abstractedly taken.

un'succourablet G. (uN-^7b.) *593 Sidney's Arcadia (1598) iv. 414 That in the ende some one or other might hap to do an vnsuccourable mischiefe. 1599 Sandys Europae Spec. (1605) Z4 An vnexplicable & vnsuccorable calamitie. i6n Florid, Insoccoreuole, vnsuccourable.

un'succoured, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1422 Yong tr. Secreta Secret. 183 He shal be vnsocowrid whan he moste nede hath. 1596 Spenser F.Q. iv. viii. 51 Him wretched thrall vnto his dongeon [he] brought, Where he remaines, of all vnsuccour’d and vnsought. 1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. 11. v. 342, I have beheld A widow vine stand .. Unpropt, unsuccoured, by stake or tree. 1660 Gentl. Calling V. 78 The many unsuccour’d extremities of the Poor. 1807 J. Barlow Columb. vii. 225 He.. Hems on all sides the long unsuccour’d place. 1864 Realm 17 Feb. 5 Is Germany to leave her kindred unsuccoured, because they cannot be counted by millions?

un'sucked, ppl. a. (UN-* 8.) a 1652 Brome City Wit iv. i, Were’t not a sin to let such a foole passe unsuckt? 1667 Milton P.L. ix. 583 The Teats Of Ewe or Goat dropping with Milk at Eevn, Unsuckt of Lamb or Kid.

un'sued, ppl. a. (un-^ 8, 8 c.) *594 ^ • West 2nd Pt. Symboleographia, Chancerie § 139 It can not be intended, that.. he would have left the elder bond and debt, being of a greater summe, unsued for. x6i6 T. Adams Soules Sicknesse 27 Gilianus.. rewarded deserts vnsued to. 1629 Massinger Picture i. i, I will not leave a saint unsued to For your protection. 1842 Wordsw. Poems p. X, Such is the grace Which, though unsued for, fails not to descend With heavenly inspiration.

t unsuffera'bility. suffering.

[un-'

12.]

Incapacity of

c 1425 St. Mary of Oignies i. v. 38 in Anglia VIII. 137 She lafte pt manhede of Criste, and helde vp hir mynde to pt godhede & mageste, J>at she myghte fynde comforte in his vnsufferabilite.

un'sufferable, a. and adv. Now rare or Obs. [uN-* 7b, 11 b, 5 b.] 1. Incapable of being suffered with patience or equanimity; not to be tolerated or endured; going beyond all natural limits; a. Of injuries, wrongs, etc. a 1325 MS. Rawl. B. 520 fol. 31 b. We undoinde so muche unsufferable luere of oure poeple .. stabbUssez ant ordeinez [etc.]. C1440 Promp. Parv. 367/2 On-sufferabyl, or ontollerable, intollerabilis, insufferabilis. C1449 Pecock Repr. III. xvii. 395 Ellis vnsufferable myscheuys of hasty domes wolde ofte falle. 1533 Bellenden Livy i. xviii. (S.T.S.) I. 100 pt haterent and vnsufferabil tyrannye of kingis. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v, xxx. §3 We know no reason wherefore any man should yet imagine it an vnsufferable euill. 1621 in Foster Eng. Factories Ind. (1906) I. 301 To call them to accompt..for these unsufferable wrongs. 1660 Jer. Taylor Ductor i. ii. rule 8 §30 The injustice may be frequent and unsufferable. 1725 Pope Odyssey ll. 69 Unsufferable wrong Cries to the (jods, and vengeance sleeps too long. 1763 Ld. Halifax in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 361 The Outrages.. are most abominable and unsufferable.

b. Of actions, conduct, qualities, etc. *548 Geste Pr. Masse Dij, What an vnsufferable mockedge is this.. of God. 1582-3 Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 541 A power strange and unsufferabill to be in the persoun of ony inferior subject. 1608 Machin Dumb Knt. v. I 3, Thine adulterat.. lust, Shamefull and grosse and most vnsufferable. 1651 Biggs New Disp. IP 250 Unsufferable fallacies .. are couched under these four. 1711 Steele Sped. No. 38 IP 10 The unsufferable Affectation you are guilty of in all you say and do. 1720 Swift Let. to Yng. Clergyman Wks. 1755 II. II. 12 The common unsufferable cant of taking all occasions to disparage the heathen philosophers, a 1774 Goldsm. tr. Scarron's Com. Romance (1775) I. 27 Upon these vast accomplishments, he had built an unsufferable degree of pride.

c. Of persons. Also absol. 1382 Wyclif 2 Macc. viii. 5 Machabeus.. was maad vnsuffreable to heithen men; forsothe the wrath of the Lord is conuertid in to mercye. c 1450 Holland Houlate 926 Thir birdis ilkane Besocht Natur to cess that vnsufferable. c 1470 Henry Wallace i. 267 Unsouerable are thir pepille of Ingland. .B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 112 The more that an ignorant man is lift up unto some excellencie of dignitie.., the more unsufferable he is. 1619 A. Newman Pleas. Vis. (1840) 49 All know (vnsufferable Man) they [sc. women] are..beyond compare. 1678 Mrs. Behn Sir P. Fancy i. i. The pertest unsufferable fool he ever saw.

2. Too distressing, severe, or painful to be borne; going beyond the limits of physical endurance: a. Of outward things. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxlvii. 6 As wha say, vnsufferabil ware p^X kald, if he lesid it noght. 1382 Wyclif Num. xi. 10 Thanne Moyses herde the puple wepynge bi meynees,.. and to Moyses it was seen a thing vnsuffrable [L. intoleranda]. 1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 22 Thei wolen putten to a man confessid to hem, greuouse chargis and vnsuffrable. 1544 Betham Precepts War i. cxxiii. Gijb, They were ashamed, that they dydde not abyde suche lyke labours, yea and moche more vnsufferable. 1562 Turner Baths 8 An unsufferable raynye, windye, or colde weather. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 720 The high ridges., are vnsufferable for cold. 1658 T. Wall Charact. Enemies Ch. 53 [To] lie under the.. dreadful apprehensions, or unsufferable strokes of divine wrath. 1729 Savage Wanderer II. 50 Like noon-tide summer-suns the rays appear, UnsuflTrable, magnificent and near! 1742 Lond. Country Brew. III. (1743) 202 An unsufferable, ill palated oily Juice, that will spoil all the Liquor. 1869 Spurgeon Treas. David Ps. xviii. 6 The king heard it in his palace of light unsufferable.

b. Of pain, grief, fear, etc. C1374 Ch.aucer Boeth. iii. pr. vii. 79 Grete sekenesse and .. grete sorwes vnsuffrable. 1388 Wyclif xiv. 17 Vnsuffrable drede and tremblyng felde doun on hem. a 1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 40 pt pacient felej> as it war vnsufferable ychyng. C1425 St. Christina xvi. in Anglia VIII. 125 She was stired of god vnto an vnsufferabil J?riste. C1445 Pecock Donet 71 For eesing of his vnsuffrable fleischli freelte. /)/. a. (un-^ io.) /)/. a. (un-* 8 b.)

1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 768 About as much [gold] as was reserved unsulphurated from the mass.

a 1300 Cursor M. 2847 Es noper leued, ne tre, ne gress, Ne nathing of pat land vn-sonken [v.rr. vn-sunkyn, vnsunkel. c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. lxix. vi, Keepe me safe unsunck, unmyred. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. §56 Not halfe of their Shippes escaped vntaken or vnsuncke. a 1687 H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 77 The Angels and the Souls of Men unsunk into generation. [Ibid. All Souls as they descend €»? yevtotv.] C1740 A. Hill To Author of 'Pamela' 28 What.. Though taste like thine each void of time can fill. Unsunk by spleen. 1824 Byron7“^” xvi. xeix, The Sinking Fund’s unfathomable sea., leaves The debt unsunk, yet sinks all it receives. 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. ii. iv, Nimble old man, who., in the worst confusion will emerge, cork-like, unsunk.

unsul'phureous, a. (un-‘ 7.) 1781 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) VII. 4932/1 To separate Mercury out of an unsulphureous Ore by Distillation.

un'sulphurized, ppL a. (un-* 8a(c).) 1846 Mechanic's Mag. 4 July 2/2 Gutta percha either sulphurised or unsulphurised.

un'sultry, a. (un-‘ 7.) 1826 J. Wilson Nodes Ambr. {1855) I. 170 On a chosen day of cloudless sunshine, yet unsultry air.

un'summable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1667 Waterhouse Fire Lond. 112 A Mart of Trade and a Mine of Wealth, [of] which the inexhaustion of this last twenty-six years by Sums unsummable,.. would be incredible.

un'summed, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not summed up; uncounted. 01400-50 Alexander 1991 For as l^is sede l^at I send vnsoumed \v.r. vnsowmyd] is euer, So ben we.. vmnowmyrd. 1579 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) XXVI. 286 Some of these gold and mony above writen. By those unsomed iij c. ij/i. vjx. viij^f. 1649 G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, cclxiv, The wise Man has an vnsumm’d Librarye; Himselfe and Man, and Bookes, are all his Bookes. 1772 Mason Eng. Garden i. 18 Egregious madness; yet pursu’d With pains unwearied, with expense unsumm’d. 1791 CowpER Iliad II. 568 So the Grecians swarm’d An unsumm’d multitude o’er all the plain. 1857 H. Miller Test. Rocks vi. 239 Armed with the experience in evil of unsummed ages. 1869 M‘^Laren Serm. Ser. ii. xi. 194 After unsummed eternities of advance.

f2. (See quot. and cf. summed i.) Obs. rare. 1615 Latham Falconry i[3b, Vnsumm’d is when a Hawkes feathers are not come forth, or els not corn’d home to their full length.

un'summered, a. (un-* 9.) 1879 Tennyson Pref. Poem to Brother's Sonn. iii. Poems (1894) 574/* And, now to these unsummer’d skies The summer bird is still.

un'summerlike, -ly, adjs. (un-* 7, 7 c.)

un'summoned,/>/>/. a. (un-* 8.) 1474 Acta Audit. (1839) 35/2 Henry.. protestit pat pe decrete.. suld tume him to na preiudice becauss he was vnsummond. 1480 Acta Dom. Cone. (1839) 55/2 The lordis .. ordanis him to hafe lettres to summond his prufis l?at Is vnsummond gife he ony has. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. V. xli, The lazie sense still sleeps, unsummon’d with his drum. 1673 Dryden Marr. a la Mode iv. v. Like an unsummon’d guest. 1763 Mallet Elvira iii. iii, She [is].. unsummon’d too To this high task, a 1800 Cowper Odyss. (ed. 2) xxil. 551 Then bid Penelope with her attendants down. Nor leave unsummon’d one of all the train. 1839 Mrs. Jameson Vtstts ^ Sk. II. 74 Those whom the rules of etiquette allowed to approach unsummoned and pay their respects, i860 Forster Gr. Remonstr. 31 An unsummoned tenant, .could not take his place in the Council.

1632 in Nichols Hist. Leics. (1804) IV. 386 Paid apparitor for summoning and unsummoning.

un'sumptuary, a. (un-* 7.) 1720-1 Lett. fr. Mist’s Jml. (1722) I. 83 Should rigid unsumptuary Laws pass the House [etc.].

un'sundered, ppl. a. [un-* 8. Cf. MDu. ongesonderty MLG., MHG. ungesundert (G. ungesondert).] Not parted or separated. 1594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. H ij b, Those siluer pipes,.. by many edged vnsundred writhings.., strayed from bough to bough. 1609 Heywood Brit. Troy v. xxiv, The stout Centaures came... They seemed at first halfe horse halfe man unsundred. [Also in Minsheu, Sherwood, and Hexham, s.v.]

Obs.

[un-*

b. fig. Not made patent or public. 1809-14 Wordsw. Excurs. vii. 281 With his cheerful throng Of open projects, and his inward hoard Of unsunned griefs. 1821 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1857) I. 347 He has promised to communicate to our Society some very curious and unsunned letters of Lord Dacre’s. 1862 Athenaeum 30 Aug. 278 The unsunned historical treasures in the possession of the London Corporation.

2. Not touched or affected by the light or heat of the sun. Also_^^. 1611 Shaks. Cymb. li. v. 13, I thought her As Chaste, as vn-Sunn’d Snow. 1795 Southey Vis. Maid of Orleans i. 311 As white as unsunn’d snow. Or as the spotless lily of the vale. 1820 Ellen Fitzarthur 54 Crystal drops of unsunned dew. 1843 F. E. Paget Warden of Berkingholt 119 The unsunned purity, .of the Master of Berkingholt Union, 1821 Craig Led. Drawing, etc. vi. 34a The dark, yet clear, complexion of the Italians, which would ill suit on unsunned English faces. 1835 Willis Pencillings II. xlix. 80 They venture to drop their jealous veils and ramble about in their unsunned beauty. 1882 Century Mag. XXV. 103 A lady .. [with] pure, unsunned complexion. fig. 1830 Tennyson Confess. Sensit. Mind 140 In my morn of youth. The unsunn’d freshness of my strength.

3. Not lighted up by the sun. Also fig. 1840 Lady C. Bury Hist, of Flirt xvi, Her still countenance unsunned by a smile, a 1864 Hawthorne Amer. Note-Bks. (1879) I. 36 All the near landscape lay unsunned. 1874 Farrar Christ II. lix. 350 The unsunned outer darkness of miserable self-condemnation.

un'sunny, a. (un-* 7.) 1859 Tennyson Pelleas ^ Ettarre 176 We marvel at thee much, O damsel, wearing this unsunny face To him who won thee glory, i860 Faber Bethlehem ii. (1865) 87 The warm air of the noon has heated the unsunny forest.

t un-'sun-seen,/)/)/. a. (un-* 8d.)

un'summoningf vbl. sb. (un-^ 3, 8.)

adv.

1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. iii. F i, [I] did wish his impudent grace To meete her here in this vn-sunned-lodge. 1634 Milton Comus 398 The unsun’d heaps Of Misers treasure. 1652 Benlowes Theoph. x. Ixxvi, Why start’st? Unlock thy unsunn’d hoard. 1759 Mason Caractacus 22 The unsunn’d silver of the mine. 1797 Coleridge Limetree Bower 14 That branchless ash, Unsunn’d and damp. 1806 R. Mant Poems, Country Gent. l. 32 Where .. horror shaggs the unsunn’d precipice. i86o Flor. Nightingale Nursing ix. 49 The unsunned sides of narrow streets. 1885 Jean Ingelow Sleep of Sigismund xxxviii, With name unsaid and fame unsunned He walks that was King Sigismund.

b. Not coloured or tanned by the sun.

1869 Chamb. Jrnl. Oct. 655/1 The unsummerly summer of eighteen sixty-nine. 1880 Cassell's Mag. 440 Another unsummer-like fashion. 1883 Miss Broughton Belinda iv. ii, A chill and unsummerlike night.

t un'sunderly, Inseparably.

un'sunned, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not penetrated or reached by sunlight; not exposed or accessible to the sun.

ii.]

CX440 Gesta Rom. xliv. 174 Late vs in this wordle be so vnsundirlye couplid to the holye trenitee, that [etc.].

un'sung, ppl. a. [un-* 8 b. Cf. MHG. and G. ungesungeriy Sw. osjungen.] 1. Not sung; not uttered by singing. 1422-61 in Cal. Proc. in Chanc. Q. Eliz. (1827) I. Introd. 20 It wer better bell unrogne at pe sauntes tyme pan pe messe unsogne. *539 Abst. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1897) IV. I r8 Geif it faillies to be left on-sung thre nychtis to^dder. 1613 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. i. 8 Drawne by time . .To sing those layes as yet unsung of any. 1843 Carlyle Past & Pr. III. V, Thy Epic, unsung in words, is written in huge characters on the face of this Planet, i860 Faber Bethlehem 100 Numberless unlanguaged and unsung Magnificats. 1889 Stevenson South Seas iii. vi. (1900) 265 [They] gave up the unsung remainder of their ballet.

2. Not celebrated in or by song.

1654 Blount Acad. Eloq. 48 An un-Sun-seen cave.

fun-’sunshine, u. (uN-^6b.) 1659 Fuller App. Inj. Innoc. iii. 31 Military preparations ..must needs give our Nation great troubles, and (for the time) un-Sunshine England.

t un'superable, a. Obs. (un-* 7 b and 5 b.) 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 241 The vnsuperable loue & goodnes of god. 1617 Minsheu s.v. (hence in Sherwood). 1644 Digby Nat. Bodies i. §4. 3 It..is the occasion of exceeding great errours, and entangleth one in vnsuperable difficulties. 1777 Potter JEschylus, Agamemnon 293 To wear The form of friendship, and with circling wiles Inclose him in th’ unsuperable net.

unsu'perfluous, a. (un-* 7.) 157* Golding Calvin on Ps. Ixii. ii How unsuperfluous this warning is, wee leame by daylye experience. 1634 Milton Comus 773 Natures full blessings would be well dispenc’t In unsuperfluous eeven proportion. 1832 L. Hunt Poems 197 Swans.. which.. glide With unsuperfluous lift of their proud wings. 1842 J. Wilson Chr. North (1857) I. 145 Not scanty but unsupei^uous fare is theirs.

unsuper'seribed, pp/. a. (un-* 8.) 01711 Ken Sion Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 390 A silken Cord around his Neck was hung. At which unsuperscrib’d a Letter hung. 1748 Richardson Clarissa I. 163 [A] letter.. from my mother, unsealed, and unsuperscribed also.

unsuper'seded, p/>/. a. (un-* 8.) [177s Ash.] 1857 Toulmin Smith Parish 133 The anomalies that have hence arisen leave the action of the Parish unsuperseded. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 162 That much-abused but as yet unsuperseded garb.

1667 Milton P.L. vii. 253 Thus was the first Day ..: Nor

East uncelebrated, nor unsung By the Celestial Quires. 1697

>ryden j^neis vii. 1014 Nor CEbalus, shah thou be left unsung. 1701 Addison Let. from Italy 14 Here..not a mountain rears its head unsung. 1743 Young Nt. Th. iv. 533 Why doubt we, then, the glorious truth to sing, Tho’ yet unsung, as deem’d, perhaps, too bold? 1805 [see unhonoured]. 1828 Carlyle Misc. (1840) I. 343 A thousand battle-fields remain unsung. 1875 F. I. Scudamore Day-Dreams 10 It is one of the unsung beauties of the earth.

unsuper'stitioust a. (un-* 7.) 1652 Sparke Prim. Devot. (1660) 469 This kinde of Sortilegium was usual with Antiquity, such an undeceitful, and unsuperstitious Lottery. 1863 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 291 If we consult history in an unprejudiced, unsuperstitious spirit.

1382 Wyclif Dan. vi. 18 The kyng .. slepte vnsoupid [L. inccenatus], and metis be not broujt to byfore hvm. 1483 Cath. Angl. 350/1 Vn Sovjpcd, jncenatus. 1508 Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 382 Sic reule gerris the.. sitt vnsoupit oft be3ond the sey. ri5637ocA7'ug/er in Four Old Plays (1848) 43, 1 wolde gladly byne vnsupped, soo you had your fyll. 1609 Bible (Douay) Dan. vi. 18 The king went to his house, and slept unsupped. 1894 [see unslept i].

unsu'pplanted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 384 Gladsome they quaff, .. [and] well bedew’d repair Each to his Home with unsupplanted Feet.

un'supple, a. (un-* 7.) 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. il. (1626) 43 Againe shee struggl’d to haue stood on end: But, those vnsupple sinewes would not bend.

un'suppled, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1761 Earl Pembroke Milit. Equitation (1762) 8 A raw, unsuppled, and unprepared lad, who is put at once upon a rough horse.

unsu'ppliable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1638 Chillingw. Relig. Prot. l. ii. §67. 77 The unsuppliable defect of any necessary Antecedent. 1793 Holcroft tr. Lavater's Physiog. vi. 42 Are they not equally indispensable, equally unsuppliable? 1^2-12 Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) III. 413 Why admit it, under the danger of incorrigible incorrectness and unsupplyable incompleteness?

un'supplicated, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1634 Bp. Hall Contempl., N. T. iv. xii, Saul himself would .. offer a burnt-offering to the Lord, rather than the Philistines should fight with him unsupplicated.

unsu'pplied,/)/>/. a. [un-* 8, 8 c.] 1. Not supplied or provided with something. *599 Q- Eliz. in Moryson Itin. (1617) ii. 56 Therefore we command you, not onely to raise no more [men], when these shall be decaied, but to keepe them vnsupplied [rr. with money] that are already. 1618 Hales Let. fr. Synod of Dort Gold. Rem. (1673) 23 When the Church was unsupplied, either by the death, or absence, or sickness of their rastor. 1709 Strype Ann. Ref. vii. 106 Forced to keep them [re. divines] in the Church, lest otherwise it should be wholly unsupplied. 1712 Steele Spect. No. 294 i Every Man who .. is unmindful of the unsimplied Distress of other Men. 1784 Cowper Task v. 31 The cattle..wait Their wonted fodder; not like hung’ring man. Fretful if unsupply’d.

b. Const, ivith (also

unsupervised,

of).

1616 Hieron Wks. II. 37 They..shall not be left vnsupplyed of earthly things. 1652 Davenant Verses to Author in Benlowes Theoph., Her Pow’r,.. which unsupply’d By what wise Art would carefully provide. Is but love’s lightning. 1740 Johnson Blake Wks. 1787 IV. 360 The town was.. unsupplied with almost every thing necessary for supporting a siege. 1844 Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India 254 Its principal defect, as a place besieged, would consist in its being.. unsupplied with drinkable water.

2. Not met or satisfied; not made up or replaced. 1616 Breton Good Gf Bad 2 A Worthy King:..his bosome must not be searched, his will not disobeyed, his wants not unsupplied, nor his place vnregarded. 1700 Dryden Sigism. & Guiscard. 38 But, prodigal in ev’ry other Grant, Her Sire left unsupply’d her only Want. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. 385 These defects,. .should they, after all, continue unremedied and unsupplied, still [etc.]. 1788 V. Knox Winter Even. Hi. (1790) I. 453 Nor is the loss of a Goldsmith’s.. sentimental strain unsupplied by a Cowper.

3. Not provided or furnished. 1808 G. Edwards Pract. Plan iv. 59 In fine, nothing need be left unsupplied in any respect.

unsu'pportable, a. [un-* 7 b and 5 b.] 1. a. Too objectionable or annoying to be endured with equanimity or patience. 1586 Sidney Let. to Walsingham 14 Aug., We are now four monethes behynd [with pay], a thing unsupportable in this place. 1654 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 91 Indeed D. Gloucesters carriage to all persons is unsupportable. 1679 South Serm. (1697) I. 130 A disgrace put upon a man in company is unsupportable. 1710 Addison Tatler No. 221 1^4 A passionate Woman .. is one of the most unsupportable Creatures in the World. 1792 Burke Let. to Langrishe Wks. 1842 I. 558 The unsupportable mortification of asking his neighbours.. for their votes.

b. Too Oppressive or distressing endured; unendurable, intolerable.

to

be

1602 Sir R. Wilbraham yrnl. (1902) 50 Tyme and treasure, the wast wherof is unsupportable. 1644 Milton Divorce (ed. 2) A 3 b, As well may he .. redeem himself from unsupportable disturbance, to honest peace. 1750 G. Hughes Barbados 17 This hardship is not so unsupportable to them. 1788 Clara Reeve Exiles II. 215 This thought was unsupportable; it led to despair. 1801 Charlotte Smith Lett. Solit. Wand. II. 243 The most unsupportable of all her distresses. 1832 Brewster Nat. Magic xii. 309 A heat., unsupportable by the spectators. 1885 Fargus Slings Arrows 140 Had he by word or gesture shown that the constant presence of the man who had done his best to kill him was unsupportable.

2. That cannot be supported by physical strength. 1688 Holme Armoury iii. 312/2 Goalers.. when they meet with sturdy and unruly Prisoners, to Lock and Chain them to some strong Post, or unsupportable Block.

3. Not admitting indefensible.

unsuper'vised, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1899 Educat. Rev. Dec. 470 He is, irresponsible. [Common in recent use.]

un'supped, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] Without having supped; supperless.

of support

or

defence;

1710 Sir j. St. Leger Managers Pro ^ Con. 21 To support that unsupportable Sense of the Homilies, the

UNSUPPORTED

221

Doctor produces the concurrent Opinions of many Learned Fathers. 1777 Burke's Corr. (1844) II. 191 The unsupportabte claim of this country' to the right of taxing America without reserve. 1904 A. H. Sayce Monument Facts fiS? Higher Critical Fancies (ed. 2) i. 18 The unsupported and unsupportable assumptions of the modern scholar. 1984 Times 6 June 5/3 The present overregulated system of air transport was quite unsupportable.

Hence unsu'pportableness; -ably adv. 1664 H. More Myst. Iniq. Pref. 4 To be affected, nay deeply and unsup^rtably afflicted. 1672 Wilkins Nat. Relig. II. vii. 386 ’Tis the unsupportableness of this, that many times doth cause men .. to chuse.. death rather than life. /. a. [un-^ 8. Cf. Du. ongetand.] Not subjected to tanning. *535

un'tap,

V.

(UN-*

9, 7.)

27 Hen. VIII, c. 14 §5 Any manner of Lether tanned or untanned. 1555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 361 Sackes made of raw or vntande hydes. 1639 T. de Gray Expert Farrier 320 Take the shreds of white leather untanned. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing 386 Sheep Skins untan’d, used for Ball Leathers. 1709 Littlebury Herodotus II. 194 A small Buckler compos’d of untann’d Hides. 1821 Campbell Song of Hybrias 2 A right good shield of hides untanned. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 400 Untanned sheep-skin is employed to sew on the capes of the collars. 1883 Burton & Cameron Gold Coast I. 137 Long leather gaiters .. and untanned shoes.

(un-*

un'tastefully,

ii.)

1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. II. 229 If 1 should suffer her still to vntap my vessel, she would suck me dry at last. 1689 N. Lee Princ. Cleve ii. iii, Does not your Politician,.. after all his Plotting, Drudging and Sweating at Lying, retire to some little Punk and untap at Night?

1828-32 Webster (citing Br. Rev.). 1863 Pilgr. over Prairies II. 157 A tunic. . profusely and untastefully ornamented with red beads.

un'tapered, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.)

1707 E. Smith Phaedra ^ H. iii. 31 Cydonian Oyl, Whose balmy Juice glides o’er th’ untasting Tongue.

[*775 Ash.] 1851 Ruskin Ven. I. viii. §9 The Egyptian shaft is often untapered, like the Northern.

un'tapestried, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1849 James Woodman ii. The fourth side of the room was untapestried. 1851 Sir F. Palgrave Norm. ^ Eng. I. 206 It was an untapestried Hall; the bowing walls freshly built with untempered mortar.

un'tasting,/>/>/. a. (un-* 10.)

un*tasty, a. (un-* 7.) 1566 Drant Horace, Sat. iii. Gjb, If one..drincke nothing but vinaiger, untastie and unfyne. a 1733 Ld. Binning Lady's Complaint v. in Maidment Ball. (1844) 62 But camblet’s an untasty thing.

un'tattered> ppl. a. (un-* 8.)

tun'tapis, i). Obs. [un-* 7 + tapis v.*] intr. To come out of cover or hiding. 1602 2nd Pt. Return Parnass. ii. v. 830 At the vnkennelling, vntapezing, or earthing of the Fox. 1634 Massinger very Woman iii. v. Now I’ll untappice. (Comes forward with the bottle.)

un'tapped, ppl. a. (un-* 8.

Cf. Da. utappet.)

In frequent use (esp. fig.) from c 1890. [1775 Ash.] 1779 Warner in Jesse Selwyn (1844) IV. 254 An untapped barrel of ale. 1863 Bates Nat. Amazons I. 143 Untapped [india-rubber] trees still growing in the wilds. 1889 C. Edwardes Sardinia 164 What a fund of mirth .. lay untapped within him!

un'tarnishable, a. (un-* 7 b.) 1887 in A. Adburgham Shops Shopping {ig6^) vii. 77 A thread of untarnishable gold or silver interwoven with the worsted. 1888 Microcosm (N.Y.) Dec. i The same., untarnishable metal [^c. aluminium] wrought into every variety of cooking utensils.

un'tarnished, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1732 Green Grotto 185 C^ome, nymph,.. With charms untarnish’d, innocence Display, and Eden shall commence. 1798 S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. II. 386 The yet untarnished bridal vestments she..saw packed. 1818 Milman Samor VII. 386 Yon flag, .shook Untarnish’d in the sun its blazon broad. 1859 Tennyson Enid 501 If I fall her name will yet remain Untarnish ’d. 1876 E. Jenkins Blot on Queen's Head 14 Its glorious and wondrous colours remained fresh and untarnished.

t un'tarpage. Ofts.-’ [un-** 5. Cf. untapis t;.] An instance of unharbouring an animal. c 1700 Fox-chace 88 in Roxb. Ballads (iSyi) 1. 363 Then to Skipland Wood he goes,.. An untarpage there we had, Which made our Huntsmen full glad.

un'tarred, p/)/. a. [un-* 8. Cf. Sw. otjdrad, Du. ongeteerd.] Not smeared, etc., with tar.

un'tangle> v. [un-^ 3 and 7.] 1. trans. To free from a tangled state.

un'tangled, ppl. entanglement.

UNTAX

226

*579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Fam. Love 24 Least that M. Rogers should scape vntarred with their opprobrious Eloquence. ci6io Hates of Marchandizes E 3 b. Cordage Tard or vntard the hundred waight. 1769 Falconer Diet. Marine (1780), Cordage blanc, White, or untarred cordage, a 1844 Campbell Napoleon ^ Brit. Sailor 35 A wherry.. Untarr’d, uncompass’d, and unkeel’d. 1875 Knight Diet. Mech. 2773/2 An untarred cord or rope.

un'tarried, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) ,1438 in Wars Eng. in France (1864) II. 438 We have disposed oure cousin.. to passe in al haste, for whoos passage untaried we pray you that ye doo to hym your devoir.

un'tartarized,/>/>/. a. (un-* 8ac.) 1737 Bailey (vol. II) Add., Untartarized (in Chymistry) not mixed with tartar.

un'tasked, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1802 Wordsw. Excurs. i. 384 To pass the remnant of his days, untasked With needless services. 1850 Dickens D. Copperfield iv. Miss Murdstone never could endure to see me untasked.

un'taste, v. (un-^ 4.) 1609 Daniel Civ. Wars viii. Ixxxiii, Whil’st he himself, deceiu’d, suffers with them: And could not.. Vntaste them of this violent disgust.

un'tasteable, a. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.) 1656 Blount, Ingustable,.. untasteable. 1674 Grew Disc. Mixture iii. § 16 In any fixed unodorable, or untastable Body.

un'tasted,

a. (un-* 8.)

1538 Elyot, Illibatus, vntouched, vntasted. 1593 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1848) II. 89 The aill being untaistit nor yit price maid thairupoun. 1665 Boyle Occas. Reft. iv. v, [He] pour’d it untasted on the Ground. 1725 Pope Odyss. xxil. 100 Th’ untasted viands, and the jovial bowl. 1802 Mar. Edgeworth Moral T. II. 11 With a yet untasted pinch of Snuff between her fingers. 1823 Scott Quentin D. vii, The old Lord .. placed the untasted wine-cup before him. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 71 The dishes were removed untasted from the table.

b. In fig. uses. z6o6 Shaks. Tr. Cr. 11. iii, 130 All his venues,.. like faire Fruit in an vnholesome dish, Are like to rot vntasted. 1692 Dryden Don Sebastian ii. i, A new Scene of yet untasted Joys. 1742 R. Blair Grave 76, Bursts of sorrow gush from either eye. Fast falling down her now untasted cheek. i8i8 [S. Weston] La Scava, etc. .^4 A garbled essay of his abilities, for the most part misunderstood and untasted. 01865 Mrs. Gaskell Wives & Dau. (1866) I. 67 The squire withdrew into his study to read the untasted newspapers.

un'tasteful, a. (un-* 7.) 1618 Wither Juvenilia, Abuses Stript ii. i, He marres the bounty of his loving feast By his ill chusing some untastefull guest. 1884 A. Vambery Life ^ Adv. vii. 60 My patient and untasteful occupation.

[1775 Ash.] 1856 N. Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1879) I. 363 Banners..so untattered, that I think they must be modern.

unta'ttooed,

a. (un-* 8.)

1884 G. Turner Samoa vii. 89 Variegated.. with neat regular stripes of the untattooed skin.

un'taught, p/)/. a.

[uN-*8b.]

1. Not enlightened or trained by teaching; uninstructed, ignorant. C1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5873 Maysters [shall give account] of Jpair disciples.. pat Jjai lete be unthewed, and untaght ga. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. viii. 5 Comune thou not to a man vnta3t. C1460 Play Sacram. 558 [636] Syr, thu art ontawght to come in thus henly [sic]. 1567 Drant Horace, Ep. I. i, G vj, The greater companye, in vertue few, and base, Vntaught blockheads, braineles. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, i. iii. 43 He call’d them vntaught Knaues, Vnmannerly. 1602 2nd Pt. Return Parnass. v. i. 1986 With vntaught hand, and with vntuned hart. 1649 Davenant Love & Hon. iii. ii. 3 Fit only to perswade the easinesse Of untaught babes. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 167 ifi The rude and untaught Multitude. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 359 He teaches those to read, whom schools dismiss’d, And colleges, untaught. 1847 C. Bronte J. Eyre xxxii. Wholly untaught, with faculties quite torpid, they seemed to me hopelessly dull. 1882 Besant All Sorts xxviii, The crude theories of untaught, if generous, youth. absol. 1382 Wyclif i Chron. xxv. 8 Thei leyden lottis by their whilis euenly,.. the tau3t and vntau3t to gyder. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Substantive, The Taught have the Advantage of the Untaught, a 1832 Crabbe Posth. Tales il. 169 He knew not how For the untaught and ill-taught to allow. Prov. c 1530 in Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 129 Better it is to be wnborne than wntawght. 1557 F. S[eager] School Virtue Ciij, The common prouerbe remember ye oughte, ‘Better vnfedde then vn-taughte’.

b. Const, complement.

with

inf.,

in,

or

objective

1581 Howell Devises M ij, Like a childe agayne, vntaught the sleightes of dayntie mindes. 01593 Marlowe Hero Gf Leander i. 392 Her mind pure, and her toong vntaught to glose. 1642 H. More Song of Soul ii. iii. iii. 42 Untought In subtilties they shew themselves in jangling stout. 1683 Dryden Ovid's Ep., Helen to Paris 139 My hand is yet untaught to write to Men. 1762 Sir W. Jones Arcadia Poems, etc. (1772) 135 Daphne, yet untaught in am’rous lore, Felt., pains unknown before. 1784 Cowper Tiroc. 379 Untaught The knowledge of the world, and dull of thought! *794 Wordsw. Guilt Gf Sorrow xxxiii. We gazed with terror on their gloomy sleep, Untaught that soon such anguish must ensue. 1827 Keble Chr. Y., Convers. St. Paul vi, His strain’d eye.. Still gazing, though untaught to bear Th’ insufferable light.

c. Of animals, etc. 1697 Dryden JEneis vi. 348 Four sable bullocks, in the yoke untaught. 1725 Pope Odyss. vii. 153 The balmy spirit of the western gale Eternal breathes on fruits untaught to fail. 1743 Francis tr. Hor., Epodes xvi. 57 Where Goats untaught forsake the flowery Vale. 1817 Byron Mazeppa ix, A noble steed,.. Wild as the wild deer, and untaught. 1863 CoNiNGTON Horace, Odes iii. iii. 14 For this., tigers drew Thy glorious car, untaught to slave In harness.

2. Not imparted or acquired by teaching; hence, natural, spontaneous. C144S Pecock Donet 6 Bettir it is.. ^an forto leve alle suche l^ingis vnwritun and vntau3t. C1449-Repr. i. xx. 127 This other maner of.. witnessing bi Holi Scripture, which is left here vnseid and vntau3t. 1533 More Answ. Supper of Lord i.x\'\\.W\is. 1064/1 Leaning that vntaught til y* time of his maundy supper. 01586 Sidney Arcadia iii. xxiv, Delivering from his hart two or three (untaught) sighes. 1611 Shaks. C>’m6. iv. ii. 178 ’Tis wonder That an inuisible instinct should frame them To Royalty vnlearn’d, Honor vntaught. 1656 Cowley Davideis i. 821 Flocks of Birds.. Teaching their Maker in their untaught lays. 1712 Steele Sped. No. 276 (f3, I have a natural Voice, and a pretty untaught Step in Dancing. 1742 Gray Spring 7 The untaught harmony of spring. 1836 Cdl. Wiseman Lect. Cath. Ch. (1847) 3 Many doctrines untaught by Him. 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. ii. 19 The untaught signs made by born deaf-mutes.

Hence un'taughtness. 1840 S. Clark in Mem. Jrnls. to suffer from my untaughtness.

Lett. (1878) 131, I have

un'tawed, ppl. a. (un-* 8 + taw ^J.* 2.) 1545 Rates of Customs b iv, Graye vntawed the timber, iiis. iiiif/. Ibid, bvii, Lettuis vntawed the timber, iis. vid. 1617 Bk. Rates Marchandise Gz, Furres:.. Budge, blacke vntawed. 1642 Ibid. Dzb, Letwis.. Vntawed. 1662 Stat. Irel. (1786) II. 406 Furs:.. Calabar, untawed the timber, containing forty skins, 6s. 8d.

un'tax, t>. [UN-^qb.] trans. To exempt from a tax; to remove a tax from. C1831 E. Elliott Corn-Law-Rhymes (1822) *02 Who will untax our bread? 1834 Ht. Martineau Moral iii. 119 To untax the prime necessary of life.

UNTAXABLE un'taxable. a. [i;n-‘ 7 b and 5 b.] fl. That cannot be taxed or charged with wTong-doing. Also const, o/. Ohs. ai6io Healky Cehes (1616) 137 Behold there a fairc and florishing matronc, enthroned in state, ..yet vntaxable of profusencss. 1624 Bp. Mountagu Gagg 130 It is not said, that I'hcy kept the commandements of God... But thev walked in them., untaxable, unblameable. p/. a. Obs.-' [uN-* 8.] Not furnished with a tenon. 1678 Moxon Mech. Exerc. v. 84 Make also a Tennant on each un-Tennanted end of the Stiles.

un'tense, v. [un-* 3, 7.] trans. and intr. To render or become less tense or rigid; to relax. 1970 N. Fleming Czech Point i. 7, I hooked my ski-sticks on to the T-bar and with some difficulty untensed my leg muscles. 1970 E. Tidyman Shaft (1971) i. 10 Andcrozzi untensed; Shaft wasn’t going to run. 1976 A. J. Russell Pour Hemlock vii. 72 She untensed and started walking again. 1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1406/4 The triplets helped Tomlinson to un-tense his diction.

un'tent, v. (un-* 4, 4 b.) 1606 Shaks. Tr. Cr. ii. iii. 178 Why, will he not vpon our faire request, Vntent his person, and share the ayre with vs? 1611 Florio, Stendare, to remooue the tents of a camp, to vntent.

unten'taculated, ppl. a. (un-‘ 8.) 01830 McCulloch Attributes untentaculated Medusae.

un'tented, ppl. a.'[un-^ Unprobed, undressed.

(1843)

8

III.

+

394

tent

The

v.*]

1605 Shaks. Lear i. iv. 322 Th’ vntented woundings of a Father’s curse Pierce euerie sense about thee. 1822 Milman Martyr of Antioch 65 With open and untented wounds. 1828 Scott Aunt Margaret's Mirror ad fin., The wounds of an untented conscience.

t un'tented, ppl. a.* Obs. [un-* 8 + tent t>.“] Not tempted. 1725 in Peterkin Ork. Zetl. (1822) I. 223 The straight pathes of virtue and untented honesty.

un'tented, ppl. a.“ Sc. or arch, [un-' 8 + tent t).*] Unheeded, unregarded. 1791 J. Learmont Poems 6i The least untentit, lowse ^oke word, Gars them draw the duellin’ sword, c 1800 R. Gill Elegy Pudding Lizzie xiii, While busy time still jogged on. Unmark’d, untented. 1867 Morris Jason x. Great herds of deer and neat,.. Seeming all wild.., For quite untented here and there they ran.

un'tented, ppl. a.* [un-* 8 + tented ppl. a.] Not furnished with a tent or tents. 1891 Cent. Diet, s.v.. An untented army;.. an untented field.

un'tenty, a. Sc. [un-* 7.] Careless, heedless. 1819 Scott Leg. Montrose x, What is to become of me, if Gustavus.. should be lamed among their untenty hands! 1893 Stevenson Catriona vii, I would never be so untenty as to commit myself.

Iluntergang ('untargai)). [Ger., = decline, downfall.] An irreversible decline, esp. leading to the destruction of culture or civilization.

UNTHANKED

acknowledge my selfe to be vnterminably tied, to loue, serue, and honour, You and Yours.

un'terminated, ppl. a, (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxvii. (1856) 225 The broad, unterminated expanse of ice. 1891 E. T. Dixon Found. Geom. 33 Any unterminated straight line.

un'terminating,/>/)/. a. (un-* 10.) 1821 Scott Biogr. Mem. (1834) I. 368 The unterminating succession of misfortunes.

II unteroffizier ('untarofi'tsirr). Mil. [Ger.] A German non-commissioned officer. 1917 T. E. Lawrence Let. 10 July (1938) 228 We entered Akaba .. with 600 prisoners, about 20 officers, and a German unteroffizier. 1942 Order of Battle of German Army (U.S. War Dept. General Staff) 33 Hauptgefreiter, no equivalent grade... Unteroffizier, Corpora]. 19^ R. Butler Sun at Noon (1981) i. i. 22 Unteroffizier Neumann was., shot down.

un'terraced, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [•775 Ash.] 1879 Stevenson Trav. Cet’cnnes 166 The ground, where it was unterraced, was usually too steep.

fun'terred, Uninterred.

ppl.

a.

Obs.-'

[un-*

8.]

1633 Marmion Fine Companion i. i, Those That lye unterr’d, wanting their funerall rites.

unte'rrestrial, a. (un-* 7.) 1746 Young Nt. Th. ix. 1752 The natives of this world sublime. Of this so foreign, un-terrestrial sphere. 1813 Shelley Q. Mab vii. 175 No pain assailed His unterrestrial sense.

un'terrifiable, a. (uN-*7b.) 1875 Helps Soc. Press, xxiii. 352 unterrifiable witnesses but children.

There

remain

no

unte'rrific, a. (un-* 7.) 1788 H. Downman Infancy vi. 6^7 The stream Of lightning,.. safe convey’d, In unternfic silence, to the ground. 1831 Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. iii. Not unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths. 1887 Ruskin Praeterita II. 393 A majestic, but unterrific fortalice of cliff.

un'terrified, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) Also U.S. ‘derisively applied to the Democratic party’: 1832-63 in Thornton Amer. Gloss, s.v. 1609 Daniel Civ. Wars vi. Ixxviii, Yet standes he stiffe, vndash’t, vnterrifi’d. 1670 Flatman Death of Albemarle v. Ever unterrified his valour stood Like some tall rock amidst a sea of blood. 1753 Smollett Ct. Fathom xli, The chevalier, unterrified by this dreadful salutation, desired he would accompany him to a more convenient place. 1764 Ann. Reg., Cnron. 87/1 The robin., comes in.. unterrified by the number of persons. 1821 Shelley Adonais iv, He went, unterrified, Into the gulf of death. 1856 Olmsted Slave States 178 The attempt to suppress discussion has given every advantage to the unterrified partisans on both sides.

un'terrifying, ppl. a. (un-* io.) 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 149 What a mild and unterrifying thing is Death to such a Man as this! 1821 Lamb Elia 1. Chapter on Ears, The genuine unterrifying aspects of my pleasant-countenanced host and hostess. 1877 Swinburne C. Bronte 79 Lips already whitened.. by the present shadow of unterrifying death.

t un'testate, a. [uN-*7, sb.] Intestate. c 1^0 Jacob's Well 20 pe godys of here tenauntys pat dyen vntestate. 1559 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) ij8 Not willinge to dye untestate,.. I provide.. this my last will. 1591 Savile Tacitus, Hist. ii. 89 If they dyed vntestate the ordinary course of the law.. was obserued. 1600 Rowlands Lett. Humours Blood iv. 65 It was his fathers lucke of late to die Untestate. 1617 Minsheu. (Hence in Hexham.)

1938 L. MacNeice I crossed Minch ix. 133 The Untergang, the collapse of civilisation. 1962 Listener 12 July 51/2 There were times when Zarathustra—and, I believe, Nietzsche himself—longed for the Untergang, the going down, the descent, among the many, for the many, into death. 1965 New Statesman 30 July 166/1 The rooms and houses seemed on a depressingly small scale for a civilisation which it had always pleased me to think of as suffering the disease of gigantism which afflicts societies in full untergang.

un'tested, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 11. Intestate. Obs. (Cf. prec.)

tun'termed, ppl. a. unlimited.

[1775 Ash.] 1828-32 Webster (citing Adams' Lect.). 1881 Fitch Lect. Teach. 179 To leave him unquestioned and untested. 1884 Church Bacon viii. 197 His whole doctrine of ‘Forms’., is an example of loose and slovenly use of unexamined and untested ideas.

[un-* 8.]

Unbounded,

c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. cv. ii. He eternally that treaty mindeth. Which him to us untearmed ages bindeth. 1633 Ford Love's Sacr. in. iii, Thy reward .. Shall be our speciall thanks, and loue vn-term’d.

II untermensch ('ontarmenj). PI. -menschen. [Ger.] Esp. with reference to the Nazi regime (1933-45): a racially inferior person, a sub¬ human person. Cf. ubermensch. 1964 Punch 13 May 723/1 A Negro American.. is a benighted Untermensch. jgM Sat. RetK (U.S.) 26 Mar. 34 To the Germans, Lithuanians were Untermenschen, a second-class people to be exploited and, when politically expedient, enslaved. 1974 A. Goddard Vienna Pursuit ii. 60 The Jews were shown to be people beyond the pale— untermenschen who had murdered Cnrist. 1981 R. Barnard Sheer Torture xii. 132 Maria-Luisa had been shouting insults... Comes from the gutter. Scum. Untermensch.

t un'terminable, a. Obs. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.) 01677 Manton Serm. Ps. cxix. (1725) 436/2 Eternal Duration implies an immutable and unterminable abode in Being.

1570 Foxe a. ^ M. (ed. 2) I. 409/1 The courte [of Rome] .. aspired how to vsurpe the goods of them that die vntested. 1586 Spenser Will Wks. 1882 I. p. xvii, Suche as dye untestyd. 1608 in T. Pont's Acc. Cunningham (Maitl. Cl.) 183 Johne Blair, .deceist vntestit in the moneth of Januar, 1604 zeiris.

2. Not tested or proved.

un'testicled, ppl. a. (un-* 8, 4.) i568 Wilkins Real Char. 291 So Ox is untesticled or gelt Bull.

fun'tetche. Obs.-' [un-* 4 b + tetche tache sb.'] Wrongful act; fault. c 1350 Will. Palerne 509 His maners were so menskful, amende hem mi3t none, & sej>t>e forsof>e til Jtis time non vntetche he ne wroust.

un'tether, u. (uN-*4b.) [•775 Ash.] 1888 W. G. Black Heligoland9 The herd-girl who comes to untether the patient sheep.

un'tethered, ppl. a. (uN-* 8.) [•775 Ash.] i8a6 W. A. Miles D. Barrow s [These evidences, etc.] give a free untethered flight to the imagination. •907 Daily Chron. 6 June 5/5 Old untethered horses and donkeys .. browsing on the slopes.

un'terminably, at/r. (un-* 11, 5 b.)

un'tewed, ppl. Untrimmed.

a.

[un-*

8

+

tew

1631 R. Skene in A. Craig Pilgr. ^ Hermit 3 For the singular and ever bound duetie, wherevnto.. I ever

1591 Lyly Endym. II. ii, That..cruell enemie beareth rough and vntewed lockes vpon his bodie.

i>.*] that

un'thack, v. [un-* 4.] = unthatch i>. c X400 Pepysian Gospel hous and vnpakkeden it.

Harmony 22 Hij cloumben on pat

t unthank, sb. Obs. [OE. unpanc masc. (f. un+ pane THANK sb.), = OFris. unthonk (WFris. ontank, NFris. untoonk), MDu. ondanc (Du. ondank), MLG. undank, OHG. undanch, unthank (MHG. undanc, G. undank) ingratitude, displeasure, etc.; ON. upokk fern., a reproach, censure, etc. (MSw. othak, Sw. otack, MDa. and Da. utak ingratitude, etc.).] 1. 1. Absence of gratitude or good-will; unfavourable thought or feeling; ill-will, disfavour; displeasure expressed in actions or words. UN-* 12

C893 K. i^LFRED Oros. IV. x. § 11 pa wjes Hannibale ®fter hiera haeCeniscum jewunan pstt and wyrde swipe la6, & him unpanc saede paes and wyrdes. a looo Sal. & Sat 98 Donne hiene on unSanc .. R. ieorrenga jeseceS. c 1205 Lay. 22370 Mid ArCure he win drone; bat him wes mucheles unftonc. 13 .. E.E. Allit. P. C. 55 benne prat moste I pole, & vnponk to mede. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 256 And in travaile aboute pese goodis .. stondip al pe mede in pis liif, and al unpank of peyne of helle. C1386 Chaucer Reeve's T. 161 Vnthank come on his hand that boond hym so. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 92 Frenschyp .. has also a grete likynge with it knytt in qwhilk it adyls no meyde ne vnpanke. 1483 Cath. Angl. 381/2 Vn Thanke, demericio. 1557 Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 203 Vnthanke to our desert be geuen. Which merite not a heauens gift to kepe.

b. In the phrase to have unthank. CX325 in Wright Pol. Songs (Camden) 327 But unthank have the bishop that lat hit so go. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 183 For peft, 8t for prepyng, vnponk may mon haue. c 1380 Sir Ferumb. 3061 ‘Wei depardieux,’ quap pis barouns, ‘ounpank habbe pat spare’.

2. An act or circumstance causing displeasure or annoyance; an offence or injury. C897 K. i'ELFRED Gregory's Past. C. xlix. 379 And Ca for6y6e he forwandode 6aet he swa ne dyde, 6a a^eaf he hit [5c. 6«t feoh] to un6ances. ciooo Apollonius of Tyre 26 Cwe6e je pset ic.. eow dide aefre senijne unpanc? CI050 O.E. Chron. (MS. C) an. 1049, Eac fela o6ra unpanca pe he him dyde. c 1205 Lay. i i 769 be eorl Caredoc.. 3et hit mai ilimpe; hit is pe an vn6onke. a 1225 Ancr. R. 202 Uor lure of eie worldliche pinge, o6er of freond, o6er uor eni un6onc. 13.. Guy of Warw. 5311 His brond..brac vnto his hond. ‘Allas,’ quap Gij, ‘pis vnpang! Were no may y me nou^t lang’.

II. I n uses denoting disinclination, reluctance, or involuntariness. 3. In genitive, used adverbially, = Unwillingly; compulsorily; against a person's wish or will; without one’s consent; also, involuntarily. The genitive is similarly used in OFris., MDu., OHG., etc. C960 Laws Edgar in Thorpe Laws I. 264 Niman [hi] unpances pone teo6an d$l to pam mynstre. ? 1066 O.E. Chron. (MS. C) an. 1066, Tostij.. nam of pam butse karlon sume mid him, sume pances, sume unpances. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 17 Gif pu agultest wi6 pine efen-nexta un6onkes, bet hit pin ponkes hu se pu miht wi6 him. a 1300 Cursor M. 27192 [It] sceus quat nede Was man at drau him to pis dede, .. Quar vnthankes [Fairf. queper vnpankis] or wit will. And quatkin strengh him draf per-till.

b. More freq. with poss. adj. (or sb. in poss. case). C893 K. /Elpred Oros. il. ii. §1 Hi swapeah heora un6ances mid swiedome hie bejeaton. ciioo O.E. Chron. (MS. D) an. 905, pa ^erad i^pelwold ae6eling.. pone ham set Winburnan & aet Tweoxnam paes cynges unpances. C1200 Ormin 7194 Miccle bettre iss to pe mann.. To don all hiss unnpannkess god pan ifell hise pannkess. C1205 Lay. 4502 Brennes .. hauede heo biwedded, & ihaued heo to bedde, a) hire vn6onkes. ou3t vn»>enkablc. f 1530 tr. Erasmus' Serm. Ch. Jesus (1901) 7 Jesus, whiche by an vnspeakable, nay, with an vnthynkable reason, is borne God of God. 1830 \V. Taylor Hist. Surf. Germ. Poetry I. 453 Separate from her To live is quite unthinkable is death. 1884 H. Spencer in Contemp. Ref. July 33 From whatever point of view we consider it. Bentham’s proposition proves to be unthinkable. absol. and sb. 1871 Jowett Plato III. 134 The negative of measure or limit: the unthinkable, the unknowable; of which nothing can be affirmed. 1897 F. H. Balfour (title), L'nthinkables.

Hence un'thinkably adv. 1526 Ptlgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 244 b, The paynes y' he suffred.. excedeth vnthynkably all the paynes that ony creature myght suffre. 1895 Young England\W. ^o/1 Our hearths are warmed by the stored-up sunshine of unthinkably distant ages.

un'thinker. (un-‘ 12.) 1837 Carlyle Fr. Ref. i. iv. i. Thinkers and unthinkers .. are spontaneously at their post.

un'thinking, a. [uN-^ 10.] 1. Not exercising the faculty of thought; thoughtless; unreflecting, undiscriminating. 1676 Glanvill Ess. Philos. & Relig. i. 29 The shallow', unthinking Vulgar, are sure of all things. 1683 D. A. Art Conferse 14 Women are generally an unthinking sort of Creatures. 1748 Smollett R. Random vii, I was no longer a pert unthinking coxcomb. 1780 Mirror No. 72, The effect of scenes like that I have described, on minds neither frigid nor unthinking. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 393 Even the unthinking King showed some signs of concern. 1868 Morris Earthly Par. I. i. 311 Then swelled his vain unthinking heart with pride. absol. 1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) p. ii, Atheism takes none But the Un-thinking and Debauch’d. 1769 Robertson Chas. V, n. Wks. 1813 V. 238 Even the most unthinking were shocked. 1873 Proctor Expanse Heai\ 298 That steadfastness which, to the unthinking, would have had no significance.

2. Characterized by absence of thought. 1688 R. Pepys Let. in S. Pepys' Life (1841) II. 127 The unthinking conduct of a violent passion. 1693 T. Creech in Dryden's Jufenal xiii. (1697) 324 All laugh to find L^nthinking Plainness so o’er-spread thy Mind. 1709 Addison Tatler No. 75 [fS You see a deep Attention and a certain unthinking Sharpness in every Countenance. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla I. 25 Even in the unthinking period of earliest youth. 1832 Lytton Eugene A. i. xi, When I see the unthinking and lavish idolatry you manifest. 1873 Black Pr. Thule xiv. She walked on, in a blind and unthinking fashion.

3. Not possessing the faculty of thought. a 1688 CuDWORTH Immut. Mor. (1731) 299 If all Being .. may.. arise out of the dark Womb of unthinking Matter. 1710 Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. §10 They who assert that figure, motion,., do exist without the mind in unthinking substances. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View Nat. IV. 8, I can never conceive, that a capacity of thinking can be the effect of the combination and motion of unthinking elements.

un'thinkingly, adv. [un-‘ thought; unreflectingly.

ii.]

Without

1717 Mrs. Centlivre Cruel Gift iv, Cardono’s Love unthinkingly obey’d me. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 27 Yet are w'e still liable unthinkingly to fall into little artifices for working upon the divine affections. 1829 Arnold in Stanley Life (1844) 1. 235 The part which you object to, was not put in unthinkingly. 1884 J. Gilmour Mongols 222 These phrases are often uttered unthinkingly.

un'thinkingness. (un-‘ 12.) a 1695 Ld. Halifax Char. Chas. //(1750) 4 In this kind of Indifference or Unthinkingness,.. I will suppose he might pass some considerable part of his Youth. 1744 Lond. Mag. 27 Men begin to be convinced that Indolence and Unthinkingness, are the greatest Blessings upon Earth. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla I. 229 [He will] never go astray again, in wicked unihinkingness of this great mercy. 1857 Bacehot Biog. Stud. 53 The unfeeling unthinkingness of our Home administration, a 1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Phil, xviii. (1870) 297 To make a state of unthinkingness desirable for the human mind.

un'thinned, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) 1648 Hexham, Ongedunt, Vnthinned. 1816 Byron Siege Cor. xxix. Fast they fill The ranks unthinn’d, though slaughter’d still. 1848 Aird Frank Sylvan ii, With ear Patient attend his [5C. the gardener’s] manifold complaints Of birds unthinned.

t un'thirlable, a. north. Obs. (UN-^ 7 b.) 1483

Cath. Angl. 383 Vn ’ThyrXeibyWt, jnpenetrabilis.

t un'thirled, ppl. a.^ Unpierced, unopened.

north.

Obs.

[un-^ 8.]

1435 Misyn Fire of Love 74 To qw home herefore so sal be opynd pt wyndow vnt»irlyd of all.

t un'thirled, ppl. Unsubjugated.

a.*

Sc.

Obs.

[un-*

8.]

*533 Belle.nden Livy iii. xxv. (S.T.S.) H. 48 Sa lang as Coriolos stude fre and vnthirlit to romanis. 1536-Cron. Scot. (1821) 1. 148 We, as maist vailyeant pupil,.. hes kepit us evir unthirilit to Romane dominion.

un'thirsty, a. (i:n-‘ 7.) (1775 Ash.] 1882 J. Parker Apost. Life I. 74 To the unthirsty man the Bible spring is without attraction.

tun'tholeful, a. Obs.-^ [un-* 7.] Intolerable. a 1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 39 Som hauyng a ful gret brennyng .. and vntholeful smertyng.

t un'tholemood, a. and 5/}. Obs. [uN-‘7, 12. Cf. next and ON. upolinmodr a., -mcedi sb.] 1. adj. Impatient. c 1200 Vices & Virtues 13 Ac 3if.. godd me wolde sw'ingen mid ani swinge,.. ic was 8ar a^ean unholemod.

2. sb. Impatience. 01400 Spec. Vitse (MS. Bodl. 1885) 139 b, Vnboxsomnesse and vntholcmode, Grucchyng also and drerynesse.

t un'tholemoodness. Obs. [OE. unpolemodness (uN-* 12). Cf. prec.] Impatience. riooo Confess. Peccat. (Toller), borh unColemodnesse. ri200 Vices & Virtues 13 Inpaciencia hatte an o8er senne, psit is, unI?olemodnesse. a 1340 Hampole Psalter i. 1 Whaim .. na tribulacioun bryngs in till gruchynge or vntholemodnes. as^oo Spec. Kifa’(MS. Bodl. i885)Fol. 140 Vntholmodnesse wrong wol lere A man pZLt wil no3t bledly here [etc.]. 0x400 in Hampole's Wks. (1896) II. 289 Vntholemodnes oure soueraines to. 0 1500 in Ratis Raving, etc. 4 The t^rid temptacioune is in-paciens or vntholemudnes. ,

tun'tholing, ppl. a. Obs. [un-^ 10. Cf. ON. upolandi, MSw. otholande, in sense i.] 1. Intolerable. 0 1300 Cursor M. 25892 pe paine of hell. How hard it es, and vntholand. 01300 E.E. Psalter cxxiii. 4 (E.), burgh hap hade ouerfaren owr saule water vnjjoland [v.r. vntholandlik]. 1340 Ayenb. 265 b^r me gep uram chele in to greate hete of uere, and buojje on|>olyinde.

2. Impatient. 01300 Cursor M. 28208 Ic ha ben wrath and vn-tholand Quen i was bunden in godds band.

un'thong, v. (un-^ 3, 4 b.) 1829 Landor Imag. Conv. 11. 308, I would .. unthong the drenching-horn from my stable-door. 1843 E. Jones Sens. & Event 4 His muscles glisteningly unthonged As burst each ringing peal [of laughter].

un'thorned, a. (un-^ 9.) 1803 Moore Ep. to Miss Moore 6 When every night my weary head Sunk on its own unthorned bed.

un'thorny, a. (un-^ 7.) 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. v. 18 It were some extenuation of the curse, if.. there still remained a Paradise or unthomy place of knowledge.

un'thorough, a. (un-* 7.) x868 W. R. Greg Lit. ^ Soc. Judgm. 277 Some singular inconsistencies, which.. showed how imperfect and unthorough was his political philosophy. 1891 Atkinson Moorland Par. 142 Knowing.. how utterly unscientific and unthorough all such investigations then were.

un'thoroughfaresome, a., -ness, sb. — UNTHROUGHFARENESS, -SOME. 1868 Trench

Engl. Past & Pres. 74.

un'thought, 5^. (UN-^ 12.) 1866 Mrs. Whitney L. Goldthwaite xii, Something different in thought and purpose from the apparent unthought about her. 1892 P. W. Clayden Eng. under Coalition xv. 315 To show to which side the charge of credulity, of rashness and of unthought belonged.

UNTHRASHEN 1595 Spenser Epithal. 378 Thou likewise didst loue, though now vnthought. 01637 B Jonson Underwoods, Eupheme ix. 44 As spirits had stolne her spirit in a kisse,.. And left her lovely body unthought dead! 01806 in R. Jamieson Pop. Ballads I. 94 He harpit to the king, To haud him unthought lang.

3. Unimagined; not devised in thought. 1639 Cokaine Masque Dram. Wks. (1874) 10 Forsake the woods, fond Satyr, and but tr>' The unthought difference ’twixt them and us! 1672 Marvell Reh. Transp. ii. (1674) I wish it unsaid as it was unthought. 1743 Young Nt. Th. V. 147 Each salutation may slide in a sin Unthought before. 1815 Milman Fazio 67 Is’t to be mad.. To speak with.. continuous flow, Yet know not how the unthought words start from me? 1850 Thackeray Pendennis Ixxii, If you knew.. how I lie awake and think of those hard sentences,.. and wish them unspoken, unthought! t4. Unheeded, disregarded.

Obs.

1640 Yorke C7nion Hon. 185 [He] returned from his unthought banishment, [and] tooke King Richard prisoner.

15. Unpremeditated. Obs. 1648 Pol. Ballads (i860) I. 74 With speech unthought, quick revelation,.. See a new Teacher of the Town. un'thoughted,

ppl.

a.

[un-*

8.]

Not

contemplated; not formed in thought. 1598 Rowlands Betraying of Christ (Hunterian Cl.) 9 What furies guided this misguided swarme? To bend their force against vnthoughted harme. i860 O. W. Holmes Elsie V. xiv. There are states of mind.. which remain not only unworded, but unthoughted, if such a word may be coined for our special need. un'thoughtful,

1.

Not

a.

[un-* 7.]

taking

thought,

unmindful

or

of something. 1456 Sir G. Haye Govt. Princes Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 141

regardless,

Wyne.. makis man to be unthochtfull of his honour. 1702 C. Mather Magn. Chr. iv. x. 220/2 He was not unthoughtful of the Time when publick ()nes [re. sermons] might be expected from him. 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 106 How unthoughtful of the Affair in hand? 1887 R. F. Burton Arab. Nts. (abr. ed.) III. 71 We have foes who are not unthoughtful of us.

2. Unthinking, thoughtless. 01533 ho. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xxxvii. (1536) 67 They as vnthoughtfull,.. leaue the iust trauayle, and take vniust idelnes. 01667 Cowley Ess. in Verse ^ Prose, Solitude iv, Here let me, careless and unthoughtful lying. Hear the soft winds above me flying. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 62 People .. that have.. a lazy, unthoughtful, list¬ less, yawning way of talking of Religion. 1715 Jane Barker Exilius 1. 72 The vulgar Part of the Africans are extremely unthoughtful and unpolished. 01834 Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 10 Without which poetry becomes.. evaporated into a hazy, unthoughtful, day-dreaming. 1895 C. Scott Apple Orchards 131 The reckless, unthoughtful, but illdirected youth of to-day. Hence

un'thoughtfully

adv.\

un'thought-

fulness. 1661 J. Fell Hammond 205 During the current of that Tyranny,.. he kept a constant equable serenity and unthoughtfulness in outward accidents. 1701 Norris Ideal World I. vi. 322 Never was any question .. more ignorantly and unthoughtfully moved. 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (1736) Iv. 185 Should he begin by this unthoughtfulness of enterprize, it would render him.. formidable. 1884 E. W. Benson in Life (1899) II. 29 A ceaseless reproach to the unthoughtfulness of this busy existence. un'thrall, tr.

[uN-^4b.]

trans. To emancipate,

set free.

un'thought,/>/)/. a. [un-^ 8 b, 8 c. Cf. MHG. ungedaht (G. ungedacht), Du. ongedacht.] 1. a. Not thought of, unexpected. 01548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI, nob, While kyng Charles did politiquely consider.. what a sodain and vnthought chaunce of a smal thyng, might do in a battaill. 1653 J. Taylor (Water P.) Cert. Trav. Uncert. Journ. 16 Undeserv’d, unlook’d for, and unthought From them my purse and person both were fraught. 1738 G. Lillo Marina II. i. The hot salt tears this unthought loss drew from me. 1745 Young Nt. Th. via. 114 As they spin our hours On Fortune’s wheel, where accident unthought Oft, in a moment, snaps life’s strongest thread. 1903 Kipling 5 Nations, Wage-Slaves 61 They that have wrought the end unthought Be neither saint nor sage.

b. With on, of, out. (Cf. think v.^ 5 c, 7 b, 15.) 1538 Elyot, Inopinatus, vnthought on or vnloked for. 01586 Sidney Arcadia i. iv, It may be, his pen with more leasure doth polish the rudenesse of an unthought-on songe. 1596 Shaks. I Hen. IV, iii. ii. 141 The day.. That.. This gallant Hotspur.. And your vnthought-of Harry chance to meet. 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania One night he came vnlook’d for to our house, but not vnthought on by me. 1666 Boyle Orig. Forms Qual. 418 By a way unthought on (that I know of) by any Body. 1676 Hale Contempl. i. 52 A little .. accident.. may put a period to all those pleasures.. in an unthought of moment. 1713 Berkeley Hylas & Phil. III. Wks. 1871 I. 356 What security can I have..that no unthought-of objection or difficulty will occur hereafter? 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. xxxvi. 216 Consequences, unthought of by you or me. i860 Froude Hist. Eng. V. 490 A return to communion with the See of Rome was unthought of. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 449 This distant, long-dry, unthought-of reservoir. 1919 M. K. Bradby Psycho-Anal. & its Place in Life X. 12 .An unthought-out attitude is shown and resulting unhappiness. 1933 W. E. Orchard From Faith to Faith vi. 80 It may.. reveal to those who cling to a merely traditional and un-thought-out orthodoxy what it is that often inspires such liberalism. 1978 R. Ludlum Holcroft Covenant xiv. 163 There were canvases w’ith bold dashes of color and heavy, un-thought-out lines.

t2. (With complement or ellipt.) Not regarded in a certain (specified or implied) way. unthought long, without feeling time long. Obs.

C1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. cxviii. v, God answere gave me when I called, And me inlarging, me unthralled. 1650 H. B. To Vaughan in Vaughan Anima Magica, But who from envies sordid mire Is washt,.. a light shall see, (Unthral’d from errors Sophistry). 1652 Howell Giraffi's Re\>. Naples n. 28 Thou chopst his neck, who thy head did unthral. un'thralled,

ppl. a. (un-* 8.) Arabia I. 136 A sort of

[*775 Ash.] 1865 W. G. Palgrave chivalresque knight-errants and unthralled freedom. un'thrashed. -'threshed, Sw.

representatives

ppl. a.

[uN-* 8.

of

Cf.

otroskad.]

1. Of corn, etc.: Not thrashed. a. 1561 Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 193, xx threives of wheat unthresshed. 1573 Tusser Huso. (1878) 56 Such wheat.. vnthreshed till March in the sheafe let it lie. 1660 in Sadler St. Papers (1809) III. 360 Barley, threshed and unthreshed. 1766 Compl. Farmer s.v. Harvest, Wheat keeps better when stacked in the ear unthreshed. 1798 Hull Advertiser 24 Mar. 2/3 Insurance upon.. outhouses, and upon unthreshed stock therein. 1885 Athenaeum 5 Sept. 298/1 A wooden stage on which unthreshed corn is placed. 189* T. Hardy Tess xlviii. The unthreshed sheaves remaining untouched. 1702 Guide for Constables 136 Carts carrying.. corn unthrashed. 1799 J. Robertson Agric. Perth 323 Others throw hay or unthrashed corn in handfuls upon the snow to feed them. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 286 The unthrashed corn .. is delivered into the machine. fiS- *853 Ruskin Stones Ven. III. ii. §27 It is to be remembered, that knowledge in this form may be kept.. in such unthreshed disorder that it is of no use. 2. Unbeaten, unflogged. 1892 Daily News 5 Oct. 3/1 A couple of youths.. tore the lower part of it, but they ran off unthrashed. tun'thrashen,/>/)/. a. 8 b.

Cf. MHG. (G.)

Obs. Sc. dind north, (un-'

ungedroschen.]

= prec. i.

1482 Acta Auditorum (1839) 109/1, xii thrafe vnthreschin come. 1537 Stanlowe Cell Inv. (P.R.O.), vj thrayf of vnthrashen Barlycorne. 1578 Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 680 The said unthrcschin come. i6ox in T. Pont's Acc. Cunningham (Maitl. Cl.) 180 Ane mow of vnthressin beir.

1629 Orkney Witch Trial in County Folk-Lore III. (1903) 77 Ye said ye may give me ane lock .. out of the cassie under the unthreachin come.

un'thread, v. (un-’* 3.) Chiefly in figurative uses. 1595 Shaks. John V. iv. 11 Vnthred the rude eye of Rebellion, And welcome home againe discarded faith. 1634 Milton Comus 616 He with his bare wand can unthred thy joynts. And crumble all thy sinews. 1699 Boyer Royal Diet. I, Desenfiler, to unthread a Needle. 1801 Lamb Lett, (1900) II. 40 Who can disentangle and unthread the rich texture of Nature and Poetry',.. without spoiling both lace and coat? 1818 Keats Isabella xxxvii. The while it did unthread the horrid woof Of the late darken’d time. 1847 De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun Wks. 1854 III. 43 Under Kate’s guidance., they soon unthreaded the labj^inth of rocks. 1865 Miss Braddon Doctor's Wife x. 93 Threading and unthreading her needle very often.

un'threaded, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1895 K. Grahame Golden for retreat.. into unthreaded copses.

un'threatenedt ppl-

Age 109 A signal

(un-^ 8.)

1647 Clarendon flist. Reb. n. §86 The Arch Bishop., lodged.. in Whitehall; which place was likewise not unthreatned in their seditious meetings. 1648 [see unreproached]. 1813 W^ORDSw. 'Stayy bold Adventurer' 25 All around Had darkness fallen.. unthreatened, unproclaimed. 1818 Colebrooke Import Colonial Corn 108 Yet are his productions not unthreatened.. by dangerous rivalship of less skilful.. artists.

un'thrid(den, ppl. adjs. [un-‘ 8 b + thread v. 4.] Unthreaded. 1843 E. J ONES Sensation ^ Event 125 He stands again before the unthridden gloom. 1866 Mrs. Whitney Gayworthys iv, Piny forests, untouched, unthrid.

un'thrift, sb.

UNTHRIVING

232

UNTHREAD

(and a,).

[UN-^

4a,

12.

Cf.

WANTHRIFT.]

11. A malpractice; a defect or fault in conduct. 1303 R. Brunne Ilandl. Synne 12339 per ys an vnpryfte hat doj> moche skape yn shryfte. CI430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 11. exxii. (1869) 121 pis mantelle.. was maad for to., mantelle with my defautes, and consele myne vnthriftes.

2. Want of thrift or economy; neglect of thriving or doing well; fdissolute conduct, loose behaviour, impropriety. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 516 Hit is sothe, pat alle mannez wyttez To vn-pryfte arn alle prawen with po3t of her herttez. C1374 Chaucer Troylus iv. 431 To don his wo to falle, He rought nought what vnthrift pat he seyde. C1400 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton, 1483) iii. viii. 55 These ben the children of tristesse,.. ful of ydelnes and al maner vnthrifte. a 1475 G. Ashby Dicta Philos. 469 That the myddyl of your liffe be not spent In ydelnesse, ne in vnthrifte myswent. 1483 Cath. Angl. 385/2 Wn Thryfte, deuigencia. 1721 Kelly Sc. Proverbs 250 Many one blames their Wife, for their own unthrift. 1830 Carlyle Misc. (1840) II. 320 The Hof public openly finding her guilty of Unthrift. i860 All Year Round No. 53. 62 No idleness was allowed in her house; no unthrift, no useless dawdlings. 1887 American XIV. 23 Both fell an easy prey to every adverse circumstance which poverty and unthrift can offer.

3. An unthrifty (funthriving), shiftless, or dissolute person; a spendthrift, prodigal. Freq. c 1520-1690. Occas. to play the unthrift. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7231 Go we now, & sle pat vnprift. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xl. {Ninian) 661 J?ai .. tretyt weile pat vnthrifte, til eld had it brocht fra schrifte. 1491 (I^AXTON Vitas Pair. (W. de W. 1495) i. cxl. 152 b/2 At theyr metynge togyder this Unthryft gaaf hym a buffeth. 1509 Barclay Shyp of Folys 142 b, A folysshe man rurall If he a churle, a foie and vnthrift be, The more he loketh to come to hye degree. 1556 Chron. Grey Friars (Camden) 73 Vacobondes that wold not labor, but play the unthryftes. ai6o2 W. Perkins Cases Consc. (1619) 74 The young vnthrift in the Gospell, called the Prodigall child. 1639 Fuller Holy War 124 If he played the unthrift with this golden occasion. 1693 Dryden Persius iv. 237 Shall I.. My Friends disgrace. And be the first lewd Unthrift of my Race? 1765 Blackstone Comm. I. 295 When a man on an inquest of idiocy hath been returned an unthrift and not an idiot, no farther proceedings have been had. 1821 Scott Kenilzu. xxxi, The Earl of Oxford, a young unthrift, whom Foster had more than once accommodated with loans. 1862 Sir H. Cairns in Times 2 Jan., The Roman law made no distinction between unthrifts and idiots. fiS' *571 E- WoLLAY PI. Pathway 14 Wee know what thanckes wee owe to God for all his giftes; Yet contrary we showe to him ourselves unthriftes. 1654 Gataker Disc. Apol. 18 As we count him a bad Husband, that foloweth game on the Market-day, so may we as wel count him a spiritual unthrift, that spends the Sabbath in that sort.

tb. One who is prodigal of something. Obs. 1640 Quarles Enchyrid. i. xciii, Fury .. being an unthrift of its owne strength, a 1659 in Bann. Club Misc. (1827) 324, I do confess thou ’rt sweet, yet find Thee such an unthrift of thy sweets. 1666 Spurstow Spir. Chym. lix. 175 The most of men are such unthrifts of time.

4. attrib. or as adj. Prodigal, spendthrift. e J^rong vnt>ryuandely cloj^ed. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 397 pt childe was i-bore to fore his tyme, and l>erfore it was so unj^ryvyngeliche and so evel i-schap^e. 1704 Diet. Rust. s.v. Enclosures, The unthrivingness of Trees.

un'throne, v. [un-® 4. Cf. Du. onttronen, G. entthronen.] trans. To dethrone. 1611 CoTGR., Desthroner, to disthronize, or vnthrone. 1637 Earl Monm. tr. MalvezzCs Romulus Tarquin 9 Amulius is not content to have unthron’d his brother. 1658 W. Chamberlayne Loves Viet. i. 13 Do not.. Unthrone thy soul with this unmanly passion. 1665 Dryden Indian Queen v. i. Think, what pride, unthroned, must undergo. 1721 Southerne Spartan Dame in. i. She means to bring her Father in again, And to unthrone her Husband. 1838 Tupper Proverb. Philos. 167 The shock that splitteth the globe, shall not unthrone thy self-possession. 1883 Whitelaw Sophocles, Oedipus King 386 Creon.. Seeks to unthrone me, springing unawares.

Hence un’throning vbl. sb. (also attrib.). 1653 Ramesey Astrol. Restored 324 An un-throning of some King. 1661 J. Davies Civil Warres 216 They resolved to send him four (as one called them) un-throning bills.

un'thronged,

ppl.

a. (uN-‘ 8.)

1648 Hexham ii, Ongedrongen sitten, to Sitt unpressed or unthronged. [1775 Ash. 1847 Webster.]

t un'throughfareness. [un-‘ 12.] Impenetrability. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk with body, so much unthroughfareness.

& Selv. 112 The soul not agreeing as

in

that

one

belonger

of

t un'throughfaresome, a. [un-‘ 7.] Impenetrable. 1674 N. Fairfax Bulk fef Selv. 138 Body being a stour unweildsom thing, or at least a boaky unthroughfaresom thing.

un'thrown, 32d.)

ppl.

a. (un-* 8 b, 8 c; cf.

throw

v.

a 1547 Surrey JEneis ii. 605 No stone vnthrown, nor yet no dart vneast. 1642 T. Jerichoes Down-fall (1643) 86 Wherefore downe must the house, leave not one stone upon another unthrowne downe. 1651-7 T. Barker Art of Angling (1820) 6 If any of the Line falleth into the water before the Flie, it is better unthrown then thrown, a 1716 South Serm. (1842) III. 522 As long as the old ferment remains unthrown out, a man cannot be safe. 1959 G. Greene Complaisant Lover i. i. 4 Victor {quite untnrown). Take him any way. 1977 C. James Bond, Spy who loved Me xiv. 128 Bond tried to appear unthrown.

un'thrust,

ppl.

a. (un-* 8 b.)

[1775 Ash.] 1842 Mrs. Browning Grk. Chr. Poets iv. Wks. (1904) 623 Objurgation vain To soulless nature, powerless to contain One ill unthrust upon it!

un'thumbed,

ppl.

a. (un-* 8.)

[1775 Ash.] 1797 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 7 His various w'orks, uncut, unthumbed, have been preserved free from all pollution. 1846 Mrs. Gore Eng. Char. (1852) 99 In his time, newspapers.. were unthumbed in the pantry.

un'thwarted,

ppl.

a. (un-^ 8.)

[1775 Ash.] 1805 WoRDSW. Prelude ix. 523, I with him believed .. that we should see the earth Unthwarted in her wish. 1853 Whittier Trust 18 Resting .. upon His will Who moves to Ilis great ends unthwarted by the ill. 1872 Ruskin Fors Clav. xvi. 12 Such as the unthwarted sun in his season brings.

funthwyuond, pres. pple. Obs. (Origin and meaning obscure; the alliteration requires tw.) c 1400 Destr. Troy 6360 The xij [= twelfth] vnthwyuond, pit twyct not in fight, \V’as.. mightful Henex. Ibid. 6378 With xxij [= two and twenty] vnthwyuond twyet to filde.

un'ticketed*

ppl.

a. (un-* 8.)

[1775 Ash.] 1865 Tylor Early Hist. Man. viii. 203 An unticketed collection. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 20 Apr. 7/1 The unticketed crowd .. was.. perfect in its quiet behaviour.

un'tickled./>/)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1736 Chesterfield Fogg’s Jrnl. No. 377 IP5 There is not an ear in the whole country untickled.

un'tidily*

233

UNTIGHT

{un-‘ ii.)

2. To undo, unfasten (a cord, knot, etc.); also transf. to relax (a hold).

CX440 Promp. Parv. 367/2 On-tydcly. X530 Palsgr. 472/2, I bungyll, or do a thyng untydyly, or Fyke an yvell workeman. (X775 Ash.] X825 Jamieson s.v.. She was very untidily dressed. X847 C. Bronte J. Eyre viii, Untidily folded articles pinned to her shoulder. X885 Manch. Exam. 12 Jan. 6/3 The table over which the remains of a fish dinner were untidily scattered.

un’tidy» a. [ME. wnfnfi (un-* 7), = WFris. on-, untidich, MDu. ontidich (Du. ontijdig), MLG. untidich, OHG. unzitich (MHG. unzitec, -zitic, G. unzeitig), MSw. otidig, (M)Da.. Norw. utidig untimely, unseasonable, unfavourable, etc.] fl. Untimely, unseasonable; unsuitable, unseemly. a X225 Leg. Kath. 2400 Aflei from ham al uuel, Weorre & weanebaSe, & untidi wederes! X377 Langl. P. PI. B. xx. 118 With his vntydy tales he tened ful ofte Conscience and his compaignye. X393 Ibid. C. x. 262 The tarre is vntydy l^at to pyne sheep by-longel>. CX440 Promp. Parv. 367/2 On-tydy, intemptatus (P. intemperatus). x66x J. Arnway Tablet 91 Hitherto ye are come by an untidy Parliament, wherein.. many.. made grievous.. shiprack of the Faith.

2. Of poor, mean, or uncared-for appearance; not kept in good order; not neat or orderly. For the break in the evidence (as in the adv. above), cf. the history of tidy a. (esp. sense 4). c X350 Will. Palerne 1455 Sche schal.. haue mo solempne cites and semliche casteles, J>an 3e treuly han smale tounes or vntydi houses. 0x529 Skelton E. Rummyng 151 Theyr lockes about theyr face, Theyr tresses vntrust,.. Full vntydy tegges, Lyke rotten egges. X545 Bale Image Both Ch. i. ix. (1550) Ki, Bishoppes, preestes, monkes,.. were poore, abiecte, and vntydye. X570 Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) I. 116 Therfore this vntydie ground of ours, bringeth forth so many weedes. [*775 Ash.] X824 Carr Craven Gloss, no Unheppen,.. indecent, untidy, a X825 Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Untidy, unclean; sluttish. 1855 Poultry Chron. II. 541 The untidy one [sc. bee-keeper] permits cobwebs to occupy the corners of the bee-shed. 1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer I. 4 There can be nothing so untidy about a house as children and chickens.

Hence un'tidiness. [*775 Ash.] X845 E. B. Barrett Lett. Browning (1899) I. 115, I rather like blots than otherwise—being a sort of patron-saint of all manner of untidvness. 1I75 W. S. Hayward Lot^e agst. World 13,1 must \>e in a dreadful state of untidyness.

un'tidy, v. [un-'“ 3, or f. untidy a.] trans. To make untidy. X89X R. Dowling Isle of Surrey 112 He was busy tidying, or rather untidying, his room all one day. X893 BaringGould Cheap Jack Zita I. 192 The wildness of her appearance thus untidied by the wind.

un'tie, V. [OE. untisan (un-* 3, 7).] 1. trans. To release, set free, detach, by undoing a cord or similar fastening. ciooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 2 J?onne sona finde gyt ane assene setisjede..: untijeaS hij, and Isedafi to me. Ibid. Mark xi. 5 Hwset do ^yt |?one folan untijende? X3.. K. Alis. 784 (Laud MS.), He it [sc. Bucephalus] vntyed & lete gon. X388 Wyclif Mark xi. 5 Thei.. founden a colt tied bifor the 3ate,.. and thei vntieden hym. *530 Palsgr. 768/2, I untey, . .je deslie. Untey my hosen. X58X A. Hall Iliad viii. 147 His goodly steedes the Marine god .. vnties. CX586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. xci. ii. From snare.. He shall thee sure unty. X639 T. DE Gray Expert Farrier 236 Untye him, and give him meat. X659 Hammond On Ps. lx. 6 As when the master reaches out his shooe to his meanest servant, to be untyed and taken off by him. *7*9 De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 494 They said,.. if they untied her [sc. a cow], they should see which Way she went. 1725 Pope Odyss. ix. 208, I climbed my vessel’s lofty side; My train obeyed me, and the ship unty’d. 1794 WoRDSW. Guilt & Sorrow Ixiv, They.. busily ..untie Her garments. X847 Emerson Daemonic Love i..^8 Therefore comes an hour from Jove Which his ruthless will defies. And the dogs of Fate unties. absol. X638 Junius Paint. Ancients 193 The unlearned.. use to think it a matter of greater strength.. to teare asunder, than to unty.

b. To free from a confining or encircling cord, bond, etc. C1450 Cot'. Myst. (1922) 224 Goo forthe,..and lazare 3e vntey. And all his bondys losyth hem asundyr. a 1533 Ld. Berners Huon ci. 333 Huon came to y* fote of y* ladder, where as he founde Gerames as then not vntyed. X596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 21, I prethee sister Kate, vntie my hands. X683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxii. Ify He unties all the Pages of that Quarter. X747 Mrs. Glasse Cookery ii. 38 Untye your Cucumbers, but take care the Meat don’t come out. 1781 Cowper Charity 471 With slow deliberation he unties His glitt’ring purse. x8i9 Shelley Peter Bell 3rd vi. vii, All these Reviews the Devil made Up in a parcel... Peter.. Untied them —read them. X89X Farrar Darkn. & Dawn Iv, The executioner has untied your hands.

c. In various fig. uses. X3.. Cast. Love (H.) 1603 Hevyn and erthe shull byn aleyde, And the foure elementes shull be unteyede. X390 Gower Con/. III. 21 If thou be forto wyte In eny point.. Wherof thi wittes ben unteid. X565 Cooper, Linguam resoluere,.. to vntie his tongue. X586 Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 87 Before this time the like breach .. was neuer scene betweene vs: but what (mischiefe) shal I now terme it.. that .. hath in this vilde sort, giuen meanes to vntie vs. X605 Shaks. Macb. iv. i. 52 Though you vntye the Windes, and let them fight Against the Churches, a *654 Selden TableT. (Arb.) 66, I cannot bind my self, for I may untye my self again. 1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. i. vi. 131,1 will vntye my Soule from that Clcy which invirons it. 0x845 W’ordsw. Fee/. Sonn., Crusaders 10 When Heaven unties Her inmost, .. tenderest harmonies. 1847 Disraeli Tancred iv. iv, We shall be at Hebron before they untie their eyelids.

X590 Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 42 He forst him to vnty One of his rasping feete. x6o2 2nd Pt. Return Parnass. iii. iv. 1378 If c will not vnty the purse stringes of his liberality. X639 J. Taylor Summers Trav. (Hindley, III) 17 You might nave untied it [sc. a halter], that it might have serv’d another time, a 17x8 Prior Love Disarmed 39 The Chain I’ll in Return unty; And freely Thou again shalt fly. X79X Cowper Odyssey viii. 339 A snare Of bands indissoluble, by no art To be untied. X858 Trollope Dr. TAorwe iii. The old squire of Greshamsbury, whose shoe ribbons Dr. Fillgrave would not have objected to untie. X885‘Mrs. Alexander’ Valerie's Fate i. She untied and removed her veil. fig. X58X G. Elliot in Arber Garner VIII. 208 Even then (by God’s great goodness ..) all their.. devilish devices and practises were so broken and untied in me that [etc.].

b. fig. To solve or clear away (a difficulty). Freq. with knot in fig. sense (cf. knot sbJ 10). (а) ax586 Sidney Arcadia ii. xiii. The love of him commaundid him to preserve his life; which knot might well be cut, but untied it could not be. x6ox Shaks. Twel. N. ii. ii. 42 O time, thou must vntangle this, not I; It is too hard a knot for me t’vnty. 1643 R. Baker Chron., Stephen 65 A Gordian knot, which no Writer helpes me to unty. X732 Berkeley Alcibhr. vi. §32 He will endeavour to untie knots as well as tie them. X746 Francis tr. Hor., Sat. 11. v. 56, I know the Doubles of the mazy Laws, Unty their Knots, and plead with vast Applause. X761 Sterne Tr. Shandy iv. vii. That is cutting the knot, said my father, instead of untying it. x8x8 Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXIII. 714 We cannot cut the knot: we must, therefore, take time to untie it. X889 S. Walpole Life Ld. J. Russell II. 374 The new King tried to cut instead of untying the Gordian knot. (б) x6xx Shaks. Cymb. v. iv. 149 ’Tis still a Dreame.. Or senselesse speaking, or a speaking such As sense cannot vntye. X649 Davenant Love ^ Hon. iv. iv. 80 We must to Delphos sure t’untie these doubts..with an oracle. X654 Jer. Taylor Real Pres. 65 The whole party wanders in eternal intricacies, and inextricable riddles; which.. themselves cannot untie.

c. fig. To dissolve (a bond, esp. of union). (a) 1634 B. Jonson Love's Welcome Wks. (1641) 282 A true-love Knot will hardly be unti’d. 165X Hobbes Leviath. IV. xlvii. 385 First, the Power of the Popes was dissolved... And so was untyed the first knot. 167X R. MacWard True Non-conf. 166 Unless the error be of greater importance,.. it ought not to unty the bond of the unity of the Catholick Church. X784 Cowper Task ii. 685 Profusion .. unties the knot Of union. X805 Scott Last Minstrel vi. ii, Land of my sires! what mortal hand Can e’er untie the filial band, That knits me to thy rugged strand! X895 Daily News 15 Nov. 7/3 If a husband got tired of his wife, ..the State winked at a collusive suit by which the knot was untied. (b) x6o6 Shaks. Tr. ^ Cr. ii. iii. iii The amitie that wisedome knits, not folly may easily vntie. x6xo —— Temp. v. i. 253 Come hither Spirit, Set Caliban and his companions free: vntye the Spell. ax683 Sidney Disc. Govt. iii. §15 (1698) 316 But if these obligations were untied, we may easily guess^tc.l.

3. intr. To become loosened or untied. *590 Tarlton's Newes Purgat. 30 He threwe his armes about him with such violence, that his wide sleeue vntyed. X65X Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year ii. v. 59 Then their resolution unties like the cords of vanity or the gossamere against the violence of the Northen winde. Ibid. ii. xxiii. 290 Their promises are but fair language,.. and disband and unty like the air that beat upon their teeth, when [etc.].

Hence un'tied ppl. a.^ X565 Cooper s.v. Recinctus, Zona recincta, a girdle vntied. Fletcher Knt. Malta v. i, I am. .a vessel crack’d, A Zone unti’d. X89X T. Hardy Tess xlvii, She.. had to supply the man with untied sheaves. x6x9

un'tied, ppl. a.‘ [un-* 8.] 1. Not tied, in various senses. CX374 Chaucer Troylus ii. 752, I am myn owene woman wel at ese,.. Right yong and stond vntyd in lusty lese. X390 Gower Conf. I. 307 Suche adaies be now fele..That lete here tunges gon unteid. Ibid. II. 117 Mi sorwe is everemore unteid. And secheth overal my veines. X398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. V. xxiii. (Bodl. MS.), )?at partie of pe tunge pzx is ny3e J>e pipe of J>e lunges is vntied. X509 Hawes Past. Pleas. XVIII. (Percy Soc.) 86 Myne owne I am, what that I lyste to do I stand untyed. t folk vntille Humber to Suane gan pei loute. C1440 York Myst. xxxvii. 52, I prechid in Neptalym, pat lande. And Zabulon even vn-till ende. 1535 CovERDALEjudg. XX. I Then wente the children of Israel out and gathered a congregacion,.. from Dan vntill Bersaba. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Communion, Upon the holy dayes.. shalbe sayde al that is appoynted.., vntyl the ende of the Homelie. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 211 Staires of yron ascending vp vntill the midst of the pillers. 1616 J. Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. xi. 311 A woman.. Which att her necke, vntill her dugges dependinge, Wore the ritch rubie. a 1765 Ld. Thomas S? Fair A. xxviii. in Child Ball., Lord Thomas .. strake the dagger untill his heart.

c. In contact with; against. c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1138 Sarmentes .. Vntil a reed for turnyng bounden fast. 1785 R. Forbes Ulysses 38 He shook the blade, an’.. Set the heft to the ground, The nib until his breast. 01803 Cruel Mother iii. in Child Ball. I. 221/1 She’s set her back untill an oak. Ibid. iv.

2. To, towards; unto; == till prep. 2. a 1300 Cursor M. 23286 'pai.. Ne wald noght here bot pair delices, put drogh pam vntil oper vices. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6484 hogh now we 3aue alle py gode vntyl pore mannes fode. 1338-Chron. (1810) 237 3it auanced he pat file vntille a faire ping, c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. I. 448 Mynge hit yurne Tyl euery part vntyl on body turne. c 1535 Fisher Wks. II. (E.E.T.S.) 429 Howe terribly shall he lay this vntyll our charge, whan we shal be called vntyll a rekenynge for this matter! 1566 Sternhold & H. Ps. cxxxix. 6 It is so hye that I the same Can not attayne vntill. 1587 M. Grove Pelops Hipp. (1878) 77 Perchance y* gods haue you preseru’d vntil some better end. C1675 in Shirburn Ball. (1907) 171 Good or euill, which his minde was bent vntill. C1800 in Chambers Pop. Poems Scotl. (1862) 64 Ge—en— tlemen o’ the Jury, Ye’ll answer until a’ your names. 1814 Scott Wav. x, The Laird.. had devoted his leisure untill tillage and agriculture.

tb. like until, like; resembling. Obs. rare. C1375 Leg. Rood (1871) 123 It was like untill a heuyn. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vii. 26 be fruyt..es lyke vntill hostez.

3. Indicating the person towards whom an action, feeling, statement, etc., is directed. Freq. after verbs of telling, teaching, calling, doing, giving, making, listening, etc. = till prep. 3. aiyio Cursor M. 1069 Vntil his broper nith he bare. 1357 Lay Folks’ Catech. (T.) 56 Seuen dedis of merci until oure euen-cristen. 1377 Langl. P. PL B. Prol. 227 Tauerners vnttl hem tolde pe same, c 1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 378 Al pat scho sal tech oper vntill. 1417 York Memo. Bk. (Surtees) I. 183 He that es noght obeiant untill sercheours and till his crafte. CX450 Lovelich Grail Ivi. 77 What is that the vntylle? 1470-85 Malory Arthur xviii. xv. 752 She cryed on loude vntyl hym. a 1500 Coventry Corpus Chr. PI. 966 The furst byddyng, Wyche Moses dyd rede vs vntill. 1521 Fisher Serm. agst. Luther iv. Dv, He shal be a comforter vntyl vs. 1565 J. Hall Crt. Virtue 31 The rounde earth he hath forth lente The sonnes of mortall men vntyll. 1567 Gude fef Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 82 Than 3e present ane peirles sing, Of lyfe serene, the warld vntill. a 1780 Archie o' Catofieldxxxv. in Child Ball., The lieutenant Until a bonny lad said .. ‘Who is the man .. ?’ Ibid, xxxvi.

t4. Up to (a given number); amounting or extending to. Obs. rare. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xxii. 102 Diuerse bestez, as marmusetes, apes and oper many vntil iii'" or iin™. 1539 Bible (Great) Matt, xviii. 22 Lorde howe oft shall I forgeue my brother..: Tyll seuen tymes? lesus sayeth vnto him: I saye not vnto the vntill seuen tymes: but seuenty times seuen tymes. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Luke ii. 37 And she was a widow vntil eightie and foure yeres.

II. With reference to time. 5. Onward till (a time specified or indicated); up to the time of (an action, occurrence, etc.); = prep. 5.

TILL

UNTILLED

234 /. a. Obs.rare. [uN-* 8.] = prec. 1495 Glanvil Barth. De P.R. xiv. xlviii. Fib/z That londe l»at is tilthyd hyghte Ager and pat londe that is vntylthyd [Bodl. \fS. vntilied] highte Rus.

fun'tilward, prep. Obs.-^ [f. until prep. + -WARD. Cf. TILWARD.] Toward. 01300 Cursor M. 15739 lesus went him forperward .. Vntilward a littel yard O cedron ouer pe strand.

un'timbered, ppl. a.' [un-‘ 8.] 1. Not furnished with timbers; frail. 1606 Shaks. Tr. ^ Cr. i. iii. 43 Where’s then the sawey Boate, Whose weake vntimber’d sides but euen now Coriual’d Greatnesse? 1814 Sir R. Wilson Priv. Diary (1861) II. 371 The vessel of state is yet too weak and untimbered to buffet the waves.

2. Unprovided wdth timber; not w^ooded. 1808 Pike Sources Mississ. 11. App. (1810) 8 The vast tract of untimbered country.. between the.. Missouri, Mississippi, and the western Ocean. 1828-32 Webster s.v., Untimbered land.

un'timbered. ppl. a.^ [un-* 4, 8.] Stripped of timber; deforested. 1618 Breton Court. Countryman A 4 b, Your state is weakened and your Land wasted, your Woods vntintberd, your Pastures vnstored.

tun'time, Obs. [OE. untima (vn-' 12,4b), = ON. and Icel. utimi, dr/'twi (MSw., Norw. dial. otime).'\ 1. in (earlier on) untime, at an unsuitable, improper, or wrong time. Also in pi. Cf. ON. I utima, MSw. i otima, i otimom, in same sense. f897 K. a^LFRED Gregory's Past. C. xxi. 153 Swa se laece, Sonne he on untiman lacnaC wunde, hio wyrmseS & rotaC. c xooo LFRic Saints' Lives xii. 76 a^lc paera manna pe yt o56e drinc6 on untiman on pam haljan lenctene. ri2O0 Trin. Coll. Horn. 207 He habbe ofte agilt on golliche dedes, on untime o6er on unluuede stede. 0x225 Ancr. R. 344 Of vres misseide wiSuten 3eme of heorte o6er in untime. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2962 3yf pou pys foly haunte .. Yn vntyme,.. For sope pou synnest per dedly. c 1386 Chaucer Pars. P. (Pi051 A man shal nat ete in vntyme, ne sitte the lenger at his table to ete for he fasteth. c 1^0 Jacob's Well 105 To pleyin at pe tablys,.. & at swyche opere vayn pleyis, in vmtyme & out of mesure. i486 Bk. St. Albans, Hawking cviib, A lombe that was borne in vntime. 01500 in Ratis Raving, etc. 18 Oft fore thocht of his riches he walkis in wntymis.

b. untimes (gen. sing.), untimely, untimeous. 0 1300 Cursor M. 27799 O suernes cums.. Vntimes spech or to be still. CX470 Henry Wallace ix. 1630 This hour.. thow mycht haiff beyn away; Wntymys thow art, for it is scantly day.

2. a. A bad time, inclement season. (OE. only.) 0x023 Wulfstan Horn. 297 Ic asende ofer eower land aelene untiman, p2et biS egeslice great hagol.. and unasecgendlice punras. CIX30 O.E. Chron. an. 1124, Des ilces scares waeron f*la untime on Englelande, on come & on ealle westme.

b. An unsuitable time for action. 14.. Northern Passion I) 601 Thys is vn tyme of pe nyghte. In thys tharkenesse to preue 30ure myghte.

tun'time, a.

Obs. Untimely; ill-timed.

[OE. untime (un- 4 b).]

cxooo i^LFRic Saints' Lives xii. 74 Se dysija dranc butan bletsunge.. He his feorh forlet and jebohte swa 6one untiman drenc. C1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 13 Continencia: .. Dat feorCe is, pat man pe spuse haue8, his golliche deden wift-teo, swo hit be untime. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 227 Whan he com to lond Tiping com him vntime, Sir Lowys dede he fond. 14x4 26 Polit. Poems 56 Sloupe vn¬ tyme eft mon swete When it is hot, and glowep as glede.

t un'timeable, u. Obs.-^ [uN-'yb.] Untimely. 1570 Levins

UNTINE

235

from these dews, which the untitled does not. 1819 Shellky England 7 A people starved and stabbed in the untilled field. 1874 Stubbs Const. Hist. I. ii. 19 The wide forests and untilled plains are common property. fiS- *592 Hypnerotomacnia 95 Fearing to offend hir with my rude and vntilled toong. 1651 Jer. Taylor Holy Dying ii. §4 His beastly nature, and desart and untillcd manners. 1803 Wordsw . Poems Nat. Indep. 1. xx. 6 Men unto whom.. minds not stinted or untilled are given.

Manip. 4 Vnty’meable, intempestiuus.

tr. Bullinger on Apoc. 209 That y* vntimely figges fal downe in great plentie. 1568 Bible (Bishops’) Rev. vi. 13 Euen as a ^ge tree casteth her vntimely figges. 1644 Milton Educ. 2 These are not matters to be wrung from poor striplings, like.. the plucking of untimely fruit. 1825 A. L. Barbauld 'Praise to Cod' vi. Should the fig-tree’s blasted shoot Drop her green untimely fruit. b. Of birth(s). 1538 Elyot, Abortus, an vntymely byrthe. 1634 T. Johnson tr. Parey's Chirurg. Wks. xxiv. xxx. 921 The causes of abortion or untimely birth, whereof the child is called an abortive, are many. 17x0 Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. §151 Monsters, untimely births, fruits blasted in the blossom. 1755 Johnson, Abortment, an untimely birth. c. Of death, fate, etc. 1548 Elyot, Praematura mors, vntymely death. 1596 Drayton Leg. Matilda 648 Some say, the King repentant for this Deed,.. Offered His Teares on my vntimely Graue. 1599 B. JoNSON Cynthia's Rev. i. i, Th’ untimely fate of that too beauteous boy. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxix. 167 The bodies of children, gotten by diseased parents, are subject.. to untimely death. 1709 Addison Tatler No. 154 IP5 Souls of Infants.. snatched away by untimely Ends. 1776 Gibbon Decl. & F. xii. I. 322 A life of pleasure or virtue,.. of indolence or glory, alike led to an untimely grave. 18x9 Scott Ivanhoe xlii. Their guide pointed with solemn air to the untimely bier of Athelstane. 1847 Prescott Peru I. 452 Heaven.. bringing them all to an untimely and miserable end. d. In other contexts. 1565 Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Praecox, Vntimely laughter & that happeneth very soone, as before the childe is fortie dayes oide. c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. lviii. iv, O let their brood .. of springing thornes Be by untymely rooting overthrowne. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 157 Few of them attending patiently the death of their Predecessours, but by impious meanes labour their vntimely establishment. 1746 Berkeley Sec. Let. Tar-water §9 Unhappy drinkers., bringing on the untimely symptoms of old age. e. Perishing before due time. rare-'. 1605 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. Law 667 Som, thrill’d with .. shafts, through hundred holes Shall ghastly gasp-out our untimely soules. 2. Unseasonable (in respect of the time of year). a. Of frost, blight, etc. 1576 Gascoigne Steele Gl. 455 So those imps..Are., nipt, with such untimely frosts. 1591 Spenser Daphn. 238 O that so faire a flower so soone should fade. And through vntimely tempest fall away. 1730 Thomson Spring 115 If brush’d from Russian wilds a cutting gale Rise not, and.. breathe Untimely frost. X751 W. Whitehead Hymn to Nymph 46 Life’s latter fruits.. at last fall off Shook by no boist’rous, or untimely blasts. 1797 Godwin Enquirer i. v. 35 [It] may.. suffer an untimely blight. 1847 Longf. Ev. i. ii. 98 The harvests in England By untimely rains or untimelier heat have been blighted. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxxii, I have read of those who sowed in tears, and whose harvest.. perished by untimely blight. b. In other contexts. 1593 Drayton Shepherd's Garl. iv. 33 O dismall day,.. O stormy winter,.. O most vntimely and eclipsed morrow. 1627 Abp. Abbot in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 448 It is an unseasonable time to brew now, and as untimely to cut Wood. X712 Spect. No. 404 If 3 By the Assistance of Art and an hot Bed, we may possibly extort an unwilling Plant, or an untimely Sallad. 1879 Stevenson Trav. Cevennes 40 They were cutting aftermath,.. which gave the neighbourhood .. an untimely smell of hay. 3. Unseasonable, ill-timed, inopportune. is8x J. Fielde {title), A Caveat for Parsons Howlet, concerning his vntimely flighte, and scriching in the cleare day lighte of the Gospell. 1590 Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 68 So vntimely breach The Prince him selfe halfe seemeth to offend. 1607-12 Bacon Ess., Of Empire (Arb.) 298 The vnequall and vntimely interchaunge of pressing power. 16x7 Woodall Surg. Mate (1639) 3 Many dangers attending the unskilfull or untimely use thereof. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl., etc. (1848) 68 Men’s overeager and untimely pursuits of several desirable things. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 240 [It is] wise and just in general; but often.. untimely; that is, too late. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla II. 370 [She] felt so much hurt by this untimely sight, that., she bent her eyes another way. 1830 Praed Poems (1865) I. 234 All untimely question Ruffles the temper. X867 Freeman Norm. Cong. I. v. 328 The cause of all this untimely activity, b. Of hours; Unusually late (or early). X827 Scott Highl. Widow v. ad fin.. There are many who are still unwilling, at untimely hours, to pass the oak-tree.

un'timed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [1775 Ash, Untimed, not timed, not regulated as to time.] 1888 Meredith Poems (1898) II. 168 With thee, O fount of the Untimed! to lead.

t un'timeless. a. 1602 Chettle vntimelesse fall.

Obs.

[un-* 5 a.]

Untimely.

Hoffman v. (1631) I 2, In memory of his

un'timeliness. [f. next.] The quality of being untimely. 1580 Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Importunite, vntimelincsse. 1656 Jer. Taylor Let. to Bp. Rochester 87 The solemnities .. and untimeliness of temporal death. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 11. 11. 169 Had not the untimeliness of his death prevented it. 1846 Trench Mirac. xxxi. 438 Putting out of sight the untimeliness of those leaves and of that pretence of fruit. 1850 L. Hunt ..4u/o6iog. H.xi.54The latter calamity, by a most unfortunate climax of untimeliness, took place a little before his enemy’s reverses.

un'timely, a. [uN-^ 7. Cf. MDa. utimelig of weather, etc.] 1. Coming before the proper or natural time; premature: a. Of fruit. Also, not fully or properly ripened; immature. *535 CovERDALE Isaiah xxviii. 4 It shal happen vnto him, as to an vntymely frute before the haruest come. 1561 Daus

un'timely, adv.

[un-* ii.

Cf. MSw. otimelika

in sense i.] 1. At an unsuitable or improper time; unseasonably, inopportunely. Not in common use before the end of the i6th cent. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 11 Swilche o6re [sins].. alse ben oueretes and untimeliche eten alehuse. 1382 Wyclif Ps. civ. 28 He sente derenessis, and made derc; and vntymely he fullfilde not [L. non exacerbavit] his woordis. X596 Spenser F.Q. v. v. 29 Now is the time, that I vntimely must Thereof make tryall, in my greatest need. X596 Edward III, iii. i. 184 Thus my tale is donne: We haue vntimly lost, and they haue woone. 16x8 Rowlands Night Raven (1620) Dzb, I behold abuses.. By such as doe vntimely haunt the street. X667 Kath. Philips Poems 111 He only dies untimely who dies late. 1702 Rowe Tamerl. in. ii, If I not press untimely on his leisure. You would [etc.]. *743 Whitehead Ann Boleyn to Hen. VIII, 74, I fell untimely, and lament my Fall. 1828 Scott F.M. Perth xxii. To avenge the deed expelling Thee untimely from thy dwelling. X882-3 Schaffs Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 851/2 The moment for this controversy was very untimely chosen by the Pope. 2. Before the proper or natural time; prematurely. 01586 Sidney Arcadia iii. x, O sweet youth, ..how untimely subject it is to devotion? x6xx Guillim Heraldry

11. iv. 46, 1 haue inserted the same (although vntimely) in this place, which otherwise I would haue rcserued to some other. x66o Trial Regie. 36 When that Blessed King was untimely taken away. 1721 Pope Ep. to Earl Oxford 2 ’Till Death untimely stopp’d his tuneful tongue. 1766 Museum Rust. VI. 74 Trees.. untimely taken off, before they arrive at any valuable maturity. 1833 Ht. Martineau Loom & Lugger \. ii. 17 Legs bowed from having been made untimely to bear the weight of the swollen body. 1857 Pusey Real Presence i. 64 Melancthon .. prolonged the conference, only lest he should seem to break it off untimely.

un'timeous, a. Chiefly Sc. Forms: 5 wn-, 6-7 vn-, untymous, 6 untimus, 7-8 untimous; 6 untymeus, 7 -tymeous, 9 -timeous. [Alteration of earlier untimes^ untymys (see untime sb. i b), by assimilation to adjs. in -(e)ous. For this change of ending cf. undeemous ti.] 1. Unseasonable; = untimely a. 2, 3. 0x500 Ratis Raving 95 Tak not delyt in morne siepinge, Wntymous eting na drynkynge. 0x584 Montgomerie Cherrie Gf Slae 397 Vntymous spurring spillis the steid. 1586 Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 74 The inoportune and untymous sutes of divers personis. 1640 R. Baillie Canterb. Self-convict. Pref., We could not but leave.. to you., the legacie of an untimous repentance. 1670 Ray Prov. 280 Of untymous persons:.. He is as welcome as snaw in harvest. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xvi. It required all the authority.. which Quentin could exert over him, to restrain his irreverent and untimeous jocularity. 1883 Contemp. Rev. Oct. 612 You do not find yourself oppressed by untimeous volunteered franknesses.

b. Of times (esp. of the night). X728 Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 60 Wha’s that gi’es fowk a fright At sic untimous time of night? X836 M. Scott Cruise Midge I. 349 Wha makes such an indecent uproar.. at such an untimeous season? X837 Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. I. Grey Dolphin, To inquire who sought admittance at that untimeous hour. 1894 Crockett Raiders iii. It was this which had raised me at such untimeous hours.

2. Premature; = untimely a. i. 1536 Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) 11. 408 He.. was prevenit be untimus deith. X603 Jas. I. BaaiA. botpov To Rdr. A 8 b. So as this their great concurrence in curiositie .. hath inforced the vn-timous divulgating of this booke. 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. 88 If his death was vntimous, it was rather for his secret intentions crossing his fathers courses. X646 R. Baillie Anabaptism (1647) 66 The change..ere long.. brought upon him an untimous and cruell death. X828 Moir Mansie Wauch xiii, I believe he came to some untimeous end.

un'timeously, adv. Chiefly Sc. [un-^ ii, or f. prec.] = untimely adv. 1513 Douglas JEneidw. vii. 11 3oung babbeis.. From the sweit lyf twynnit vntymusly. 1533 Bellenden Livy ii. xv. (S.T.S.) 1. 188 The romanis. .had bene vntymuslie invadit be pe wolchis. 0x578 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 56 Scho pairtit wntymouslie witht ane deid baime. X640 Baillie Lett. (1841) I. 262 The cold[ness] of the good old Generali.. did shortlie cast water on this spunk, beginning most untymouslie to reek. 01670 Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1851) II. 273 This commvnion wes thocht to be vntymouslie givin heir. 1821 Scott Kenilw. xv, It must be some perilous cause puts her Grace in motion thus untimeously. X85X Borrow Lavengro Ixxi, My husband . .came to his death untimeously. X894 Hall Caine Manxman i. x. Dreaming that the poor lad has come to his end untimeously.

tun'timing,p/)/. a. Obs.-' [un-* io.] Careless, regardless. CX350 Commem. Dead 20 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 146 If pe preste, )?at schryues pe, Vn-timand or so rekles be pat he gif pe noght penance right [etc.].

un'timorous, a. (un-* 7.) 0x548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 196b, A man of suche haute corage,.. and vntimerous audacite,.. as fewe or none was sene in hys tyme. Ibid., Rich. Ill, 56 b, Let us.. set on our enemies like vntimerous Tigers.

un'tinct,/>/)/. a. [un-^ 8 b.] Untinged. X642 H. More Song of Soul ii. 68 A reall infinite matter, distinct And yet proceeding from the Deitie, Although with different form as then untinct.

un'tinctured, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. fig. Untinged, uncoloured, Const, by or with.

unaffected.

X760-2 Goldsm. Cit. W. Ixvi, Simple gratitude, untinctured with love. X769 E. Bancroft Guiana 329 They are not untinctured with vanity. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. lb 397 [Zebras] caught sufficiently young, so as to be untinctured by their original state of wildness. 1801 Lusignan I. 113 A degree of awe.. not untinctured with [fear]. x866 Q. Rev. Apr. 327 Oracles of the common law, but untinctured by scholarship. 1874 H. Rogers Orig. Bible i. 43 Virtue .. untinctured with.. austerity.

2. In literal use; spec, in Her. x88o Warren Book-plates ii. 10 The arms are.. at that period untinctured.

un’tine, v. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: i untynan, 2 untinen, 3 untunen (ontune), 5 vntynde, 9 dial. untine. [OE. untynan (var. of on-, ontynan)^ f. un-UN-* 3 + fynan tine u.*, = OHG. antzunen, inzunen (G. entzdunen).] 1. trans. To open. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. ii. 11 [Hia] untyndon striona hiora. Ibid. ix. 30 Untynde weron ego hiora. c xooo i^LFRic Gen. xii. 56 losep untynde ealle l?a bernu. c X200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 115 OpeneS 3iure gaten, and ech gate untineC ^iu seluen to-3enes pe king of blisse. c 1205 Lay. 9781 Amar3en pz hit d^i wes duren heo vntunden. Ibid. 18949 Nis nan cniht.. pe .. pe 3eten mihten un-tunen (t;.r. ontune]. x888

236

UNTING Donaldson Takin th' New War me boo’d untined th’ door.

in 8 (E.D.D.), Hoo told

2. To separate, sever. ri495 Epitaffe, etc. in Skelton's Wks. (1843) II. 392 Howe durst thou [jr. Death] his flessh and spyryte vntynde?

tun'ting, v. Obs.~' [uN-®4b. Cf. tinger* and s.w. dial, ting to bind, fasten together.] trans. To loosen (a cart-body) so as to prepare it for tipping. So t un'tinger. Obs. rare. 1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1544/2 There attended.. eight men called vntingers, to loose and vndoo the tackle of euerie court immediatlie before the vnloding or sheluing thereof [at Dover harbour]. Ibid. 1545/1 When the first court came nigh to the place where he should vnlode, one vntinged it, and the driuer proceeded with his court.. into the ouze or water.

un'tinged (-'tind3d), ppl. a. (uN-* 8.) 1664 Boyle Exp. Hist. Colours iii. 191 In a Darken’d Room.. where it may appear what Beams [of light] are Unting'd. 1732 Swift Let. to Gay 10 July, Pope has the same defect..: neither is my lord Bolingbroke untinged with it. 1744 W. Whitehead Atys & Adrastus 283 The foaming Boar[’s]. . horny Sides repel Unting’d the plumy Shaft, and blunted Steel. ? a 1813 Lamb Christ's Hosp. Wks. 1908 I. 180 This religious character in him is not always untinged with superstition. 1817 Coleridge Lay Serm. p. xxiii. Not a ray of light could enter, untinged by the medium through which it passed. 1882 Floyer Unexpl. Baluchistan 61 Copper gives green, and the untinged limestone snowy white.

un'tinned, ppl. a. (un-^ 8.) [1775 Ash.] 1825 J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 400 A little sea-water is., put into., an untinned copper kettle. 1859 F. S. Cooper Ironmongers' Catal. 88 Saucepans.. Tinned,.. Untinned. 1898 Daily News 6 Sept. 4/6 Frequent detections of unsound food, tinned and untinned.

Exulting like an untired horse That cares not for his home. 1839 T. Mitchell Frogs of Aristoph. 651 note. The canary, with its untired throat and labyrinth of sounds. 1889 A. Lang Lett. Lit. iii. (ed. 2) 37 The poor have., in him an untired advocate and friend.

b. Const, by, with, and fo/. 1600 Fairfax Tasso i. Iii, Vnfear’d in fight, vntir’d with hurt or wound. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. v. 226 Most patient of labour, untyred with travell. 1698 Atterbury Serm. (1734) IV- 235 When the Mind is fresh and vigorous, untired with the Business of the Day. 1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross 111. 139,1 am still untired of sight or visits. 1813 Byron Corsair i. xii, Unmoved by absence,.. And yet .. untired by time. 1839 Arnold in Stanley Life (1844) 11. *75* I was so perfectly untired by my past work.

Hence un'tlredly adv. 1855 Faber Growth in Holiness xxvi. 481 Fervour .. thus immediately and untiredly .. works at present duties.

un'tiring, ppZ. a. (un-* io.) Common from c 1850. 1822 B. W. Procter Girl of Provence xxiv. The untiring seasons bring, for aye. To night rich slumber, and fresh life to day. 1859 Jephson Brittany xix. 312 The passengers were chiefly English, those untiring travellers. 1871 Whyte Melville Sarchedon I. 20 Yet a few more furlongs of those smooth untiring strides.

Hence un'tiringly adv. [1847 Webster.] i860 Ruskin Unto this Last iv. §82 No scene is continually and untiringly loved, but one rich by joyful human labour.

un-'Titanedf a. [un-^ 9.] Sunless. 1635 Quarles Embl. ii. i. 3 Thy Torch will burn more clear In night’s un-Titan’d Hemisphere.

untithea'bility. (un-^ 12. Cf. next.) 1885 A. N. Palmer Anc. Tenures Marches N. Wales 28 The untitheability of the common fields of Erbistock.

un'titheable, a. (uN-^7b.)

un'tint, pp/. a. Sc. [un-* 8 b.] Not lost. 1513 Douglas jEneid i. x. 43 The auld Troiane geir.. fra the storme of see is left ontynt.

un'tinted, ppl. a. (un-' 8.) 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xxix. There she is, a lily of the valley, untinted, needing no tint. 1866 R. M. Ferguson Electr. 29 The space included between those two lines.. is left untinted.

un’tipped, ppl. a.' [un-‘ 8 + tipped ppl. a.*] 1. Not furnished with a tip. 1679 Land. Gaz. No. 1373/4 A Case of seven Tip Razors, .. with eight other Razors, &c. some Tipt, some Untipt. 1775 Ash, Untipped,.. Untipt.

2. spec. Of a cigarette: without a filter tip. Also absol. 1968 Times 15 Nov. 8/8 More men than women smoke heavily, inhale deeply and prefer untipped cigarettes. 1969 J. Elliot Duel i. iii. 67 ‘Smoke?’.. We both took untipped and she lit them. 1973 H. Gilbert Hotels with Empty Rooms xiii. 111 The smoke from a hundred untipped Gitanes lay low in the air.

un'tipped, ppl. a.^ [un-* 8 + tip t;.’’] presented with a gratuity.

UNTO

Not

i860 W. W. Reade Liberty Hall I. xi. 203 The untipped ostler scowling from the yard.

untira'bility. (un-^ 12. Cf. next.) 1855 Household Words X. 31/2 Hence.. a rapidity of h^matosis, which explains the untirability of the wings of birds.

1775 Ann. Reg., Chron. 133/2 This gentleman .. filed a bill for.. the tythe of lands before held untytheable. 1885 A. N. Palmer Anc. Tenures Marches N. Wales 28 The existing untitheable tract of arable and hay land.

un'titbed*/>/>/. a. [un-^ 8, Cf. OE. unteodod^ and UNTEINDED ppl. a.] 1. On which no tithe is levied. 1621 Bp. Mountagu Diatribae 540, I will complaine vpon thee vnto the Prytanes, because thou detainest.. to thine owne vse, the consecrated inwards.. that belong vnto the gods, vntithed. 1801 Helen M. Williams Sk. Fr. Rep. I. vi. 57 The lavish produce of the earth unfeudalized, and untythed. 1845 M^^Culloch Taxation ii. iv. 176 It then encourages cultivation as much on the untithed as it discourages it on the tithed lands. 1871 Longf. Div. Trag. ll. i. 35 In thy court-yard grows the untithed rue.

2. Not receiving tithes. 1827 Pollok Course T. viii. 81 Not from him Could be distinguished then the priest untithed.

un'title, V. (un-** 4.) 1824 Hook Sayings II. 48 His Lordship untitled himself with the greatest safety.

un'titled, ppl. a.* [un-* 8.] 1. Having no title or right (to rule). 1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. iii. 104 O Nation miserable! With an vntitled Tyrant, bloody Sceptred.

2. Unnamed, undesignated. 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) ii When these things were thus vnknowne, and vntitled, a good and happy world was I then.

3. Not distinguished by a title.

un'tirable, a. Also untireable. (un-* yb.)

In poetry often placed after the sb. or pronoun.

I. Indicating spatial or local relationship. 1. Expressing or denoting motion directed towards and reaching (a place, point, or goal); = TO prep. I. a 1300 Cursor M. 17547 Helias-.Was taken up als vnto heuen. c 1300 Havelok 2399 Cum nu swipe un-to him. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 104 Vnto pe se side chaced pei Sir Lowys. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 123 And the seete of Welles was chaungede vn to Bathe, c 1420 Anturs of Arth. (T.) Ill Vn-to pat grysely gaste Sir Gaweayne es gane. CX440 Alph. Tales 215 He tuke bread & keste vnto it [rc. a swine]. ^1475 Rauf Coil^ear 5 Thay past vnto Paris. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 Theyr iourney out of Egypte vnto the countre of Jerusalem. 01548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 85 He called unto him a servaunt of the kynges. 1587 Holinshed Chron. (ed. 2) III. 1187/1 The campe remooued from Linton brigs vnto salt Preston. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. III. ii. 310, I told him of your stealth vnto this wood. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, The Bag iv, He did repair unto an inne. 1654 H. Dunster in Quincy Hist. Harvard Univ. (1840) I. 19 The place unto which I go, is unknown to me. 17.. Jock o' the Side xiii. in Caw Poet. Museum, When they cam the gates unto. 1768 Ross Helenore 83 We came unto a gentle place. 1801 Wordsw. Prioress' T. 52 A little scholar.. Who day by day unto this school hath gone. 1866 Emerson Daemonic & Celest. Love 48 So shall the lights ye pour amain Go.. Through from the empyrean walls Unto the same again. 1887 M orris Odyssey i. 90 Then speed we.. Hermes the Flitter, to go Unto the isle Ogygia.

b. In various fig. uses. (Cf. to prep, i b.) c 1440 Alph. Tales 218 With patt sho come agayn vnto hur selfe, & thankid God. Ibid. 448 When he come vnto his spyrittis agayn. 1526 Tindale Heb. vii. 19 By which hope we drawe nye vnto god. 1535 Coverdale Psalm xxiii. 4 Whi(^ lifteth not vp his mynde vnto vanite. 1538 Starkey England 21 Though.. I dowtyd no thyng of thys mater, that you so ernystely moue me vnto. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 263 They put all their goodes vnto the Englishmens pleasures. 1600 Holland Livy 1123 In this last speech he came neere unto the LL. of the Senat, and touched them to the quick. 1606 G. Woodcock Hist. Ivstine v. 27 It was secretly come vnto their eare, that [etc.]. 1639 Ld. Digby Lett. cone. Relig. (1651) iv. 87 It is a farre more evident impossibility, then what you drive unto. 1683 Pennsylv. Archives I. 60, I cannot but believe y' you will take my great Wrong..unto your serious consideration. 1801 Wordsw. Troilus 63 In that very place My Lady first me took unto her grace. 1838 Mrs. Browning The Sleep i. Of all the thoughts of God that are Borne inward unto souls afar.

c. With ellipsis of verb of motion. (Cf. TO prep. I c.) 01593 Marlowe & Nashe Dido 11. i, Let vs vnto our ships,.. why stay we here? 1596 Shaks. Tam. Shr. 11. i. 316, I will vnto Venice To buy apparell. 1768 Ross ‘To the Begging' iv, I’ll then unto the cobler. An’ cause him sole my shoon.

2. In the direction of; directed towards; = to prep. 2. 0 1300 Cursor M. 10479 Sco lift hir hend vn-to pe lift. And pus to prai sco gaf a scift. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 217 Unto pe kinges partie Edward turned tite. 1390 Gower Conf. \. 8 Unto him which the heved is The membres buxom scholden bowe. Ibid. 45 Whanne I.. caste up many a pitous lok Unto the hevene. 1535 Coverdale Gen. xiv. 22, I lift vp my honde vnto the Lorde. Ibid. xlix. 8 Thy fathers children shall stoupe vnto the. ? 0 1600 'Gentle heardsman' i. in Percy Folio (1868) HI. 526 Vnto the towne of Walsingham which is the right and ready way? 1611 [see lift V. 5]. 1796 Burns 'When Januar' wind iii, I bow’d fu’low unto this maid. 1858 Whittier Cable Hymn i. Lean down unto the white-lipped sea The voice of God to hear! fii- *535 Coverdale Prov. ii. 18 Hir house is enclyned vnto death, and hir pathes vnto hell.-Dan. ix. ;j, I turned me vnto God.. for to praye. 1826 Scott Woodst. i, There is no light in England that shall come nigh unto it.

1607 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 31 They are., of hardest hoofe, a leane body, but of a generous and vntierable stomack. 1607 Shaks. Timon i. i. ii A most incomparable man, breath’d as it were, To an uvtyreable and continuate goodnesse. 1836 T. Allsop Lett. & Recol. Coleridge II. 226 The sympathy and untireable kindness of my revered friend. 1846 Mrs. Gore Eng. Char. (1852) 38 The Chaperon has, constitutionally, an untirable voracity. 1875 M. Collins Sweet & Twenty ii. xix, It might have gone on for ever, if everyone had been as untireable as Charlie Hawker.

1798 S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. TIL 425 There, untitled and unknown, may we fix our home. 1825 J. Neal Bro. Jonathan 1. 71 What have we to do with the blazonry of an old people any more than .. he, the untitled Adam? 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Aristocr., An untitled nobility possess all the power without the inconveniences that belong to rank. 1870 Burton Hist. Scot. Ivi. V. 400 They have precedence over the untitled clergy. absol. 1859 Habits of Gd. Society 26 My Lady A-.. can scarcely appreciate the wide diffusion of wit and intellegence among the untitled.

tun'tire^f.^ Obs. [un-^ 4.] trans. To undress. Also refl. and fig.

un'titled, ppl. a.^ [un-^ 8. Deprived of the title of.

*597 Beard Theatre God's Judgements 342 Who being suspected, was in the presence of many vntired, and found to be a man. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 536 Then doe they vntire themselues, and .. eate the cheere in the Platters. 1651 Life Diazius in Fuller Abel Rediv. 143 Diazius in his youthfull dayes had cloath’d His heart with Popery... When he was inspir’d By Heaven, he searcht for truth, and soon untyr’d Himselfe.

1596 Spenser F.Q. v. ix. 42 But false Duessa, now vntitled Queene, Was brought to her sad doome.

c. In (a specified course or direction, lit. or fig.). Cf. TO prep. 2c, e.

un'tittering,/>/>/. a. (un-^ io.)

01300 Cursor M. 2117 J?is land lies mast vnto pe south. Ibid. 2120 y>e thrid part.. lies mast vnto pe west. C1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 386 [To break] an hole an heigh vp on the gable Vnto the gardynward. c 1400 Melayne 135 He sawe

un'tire, zj.* [un-^ 3.] trans. To free from being tired; to rest. In quot. 1845 after Sp. descansar (as in quot. 1853). 1677 Phil. Trans. XII. 919 A way of untiring a Soldier after a long march, viz. by making a Decoction of Mugwort, and washing the feet therewith. 1845 Ford Handbk. Spain I. 162 Let [him] remember.. to invite his friend to walk in and untire himself. 1853 G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas I. 170 He., pressed us to bait our horses and descansar (untire) ourselves at his farm.

un'tired, ppl. a. [un-* exhausted; unwearied.

8.]

Not

tired

or

1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, iv. ii, 44 Hath he so long held out with me, vn^r’d, And stops he now for breath? 1616 W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. i. 10 The great effects of vntirde industry, a ibfso Contemp. Hist. Irel. (Ir. Archsol. Soc.) II. 21 Create is the preparation, by thunderinge proclamations and untyred poastes to and fro. 1753 Hanway Trav. iii. xxxviii. (1762) I. 175 With .. untired attention he applied himself to business. 1799 Wordsw. Influence Nat. Obj. 32

1749 in A. Dobson untittering Disposition.

Cf. untitle v.'\

Fielding (1883)

137

Girls

of an

untittle'tattling,/)/>/. a. (un-* io.) 1779 H. Walpole in Tovey Gray's Lett. (1900) II. 92 There is not so untittle-tattling a village as Twickenham in the island.

fun'tituled, ppl. a. UNTITLED ppl. a.* 2.

Obs.~^

[un-*

8.]

=

1610 Healey Aug. CitieofGodwu. xiv. 640 Hee made all the 150, entitling them sometimes with other names,.. and leauing some others vntituled at all.

unto ('Antu), prep, and conj. Forms: a. 4- unto (5 untoo), 4-7 vnto (5 north, vntew), 5, 6 Sc. wnto. jS. 5-6, 7 Sc., 9 dial, onto (5 onne-to, Sc. one-to). [f. on the analogy of untilby substitution of TO prep, in place of the northern equivalent til TILL prep. Cf. the independent OS. untd.'\ Since the end of the 17th c. less frequent, and employed chiefly in poetry, or in formal, dignified, or archaic style, or after Biblical use. Very rare in standard writers of the i8th c., and hence noted by Johnson as ‘now obsolete’.

A. prep. (Ordinarily governing a sb. or pron.)

b. At. (Esp. after look, f smell. Cf.

to

prep. 2 b.)

01300- [see look v. 23]. 0 1400 New Test. (Paues) Acts iii. 4 Peter wip loon bihelde vnto hym. CI430 Pol., Rel. fef L. Poems (1903) 180 A semeli man to ben a king, A graciouse face to lokenvnto. 1535 Coverdale Be/. Dr. iSThekinge loked vnto y® altare. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 222/2 Ministers.. must marke why this office is given them; .. it is not because a few should be sene vnto [= looked up to]. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. ii. v. §7 God made ffowers sweet and beautiful, that being seen and smelt unto they might so delight. 1670 J. Smith Bng. Improv. Reviv'd 213 The Root smelled vnto is good for the same purpose. 1848 Aird Chr. Bride ii. vii. Majestic men who looked unto the skies.

a bryghtenes of a beme Vp vn-to heuenwarde glyde. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Rom. Prol. + v. Such a newe herte and lusty corage vnto the lawe warde, canste thou neuer come by.

fd. Indicating a means of access. (OE. to and into.) 06t.-' *535 Coverdale 2 Kings iv. 5 She wente, and shut the dore vnto her with hir sonnes.

3. Indicating the limit or dimension of a movement, extension, or continuance in space: As far as; even to; not short of; = to prep. 3. Occas. correlative to from (the remoter of two limits). 01300 Cursor M. 24346 Quen we na hele moght se on him. Fra hefd vnto pe fote. 01325 Prose Psalter cvi. 3 Fram pe rysyng of pe sunne vnto pe goynge adoune. C1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 181 Mayster Wace..rymed [his romance].. vnto pe Cadwaladres. c 1400 Destr. Troy 95 All the ferlies pat fell vnto the ferre ende. c 1470 Got. fif G0tt;. 1313 All thi braid landis. Or all the renttis fra thyne vnto Ronsiwall. C1500 Melusine xxxvii. 297 He..sawe melusyne within the bathe vnto her nauell. 1535 Coverdale Exod. xxxviii. 4 A brasen gredyron of net worke rounde aboute, from vnder vp vnto the myddest of the altare.

UNTO 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Communion of Sick, With the firste parte of the exhortacion and all other thynges unto the Psalme. I597 Lyly Worn, in Moon i. i, The rundle of this Massiue earth, From vtmost face vnto the Centers point. 1768 Ross lielenore 31 Ye see her rigs run just unto our ain. a 1774 Goldsm. Hist. Greece I. 223 A strong haven, with walls reaching unto the city. 1801 Wordsw. Un-to Loverd. T. 198 My throat is cut unto the bone. 1812 Cary Dante, Parad. xxii. 149 This petr>' area, .from the havens stretched unto the hills.

b. In figurative uses. 1508 Dunbar Ballad Ld. Steivart 5 Onto the sterris vpheyt is thyne honour. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xxxv. 5 Thy mercy (O Lorde) reacheth vnto the heauen. 1591 Drayton Harmonie of Church, Song Jonah 2 My voice I did extend Unto the Lord. 1609 Bp. Hall David's Psalms Metaphr. viii, Thou hast.. stretcht his raigne Vnto the heards, and beasts vntame.

4. Upon (and in contact with); on, against; = TO prep. 5 a. at of weued esse. C1386 Chaucer Wife's T. 973 She leyde hit mouth vn-to the water doun. C1440 Alph. Tales 368 t>e ymage..fell down vnto \>t hard erth. 14TO Cov. Leet Bk. 447 The pepull.. carryen their Donge,.. & leyen hit vnto the walles & yate. 1535 Coverdale Exod. xxii. 8 He hath not put his hande vnto his neghbours good. 1550 T. Lever Serm. (Arb.) 135 Beware therefore that ye staye not your selfe vnto a bryttell staffe. *559 Q- Eliz. in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) I. ii. App. x. 440 We have but a weake staff to leane unto. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. iii,' Thou bur, that only sticks Unto the nappe of greatnesse. 1607, 1624 [see lean v. 2, 2c]. 1768 Ross Helenore 21 She.. lean’d her head unto the kindly tree. 1836 R. Allan Evening Hours 98 The hope thus to press thee Unto my fond bosom. fig. c 1386, c 1400 [see stand v. 76 f, g].

b. In contiguity or proximity to; in front of; by, close beside. Cf. to prep. 5 b. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. i. ii. 91 Wilt thou flout me thus vnto my face? 1606-Ant. & Cl. iv. xiv. 29 What thou would’st do Is done vnto thy hand. 1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin III. iii. 79 Which.. plainly gives them the lye unto their Teeths.

5. Expressing relative location (esp. with nigh or near). 1526 Tindale Mark v. 21 Iesus..was nye vnto the see. 1558 Child. Marr. 145 Nether in his house .., nether within iiij myle compas vnto the same Citie. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ni. 171 Neere vnto the said plaine are diuers woods. Ibid. V. 262 The citie of Tunis., hath no mountaines nigh vnto it. 1768 Ross Helenore 89 They began to speer Gin they were unto Flaviana near. fig. 1526 Tindale Heb. vi. 8 But that grounde..is reproved, and is nye vnto cursynge. 1539 Bible (Great) Lev. XXV. 49 Any that is nye of kynne vnto hym. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xii. 75 b, He is moste nere and moste dere vnto me. 1785 Burns Letter toj. Goudie, Auld Orthodoxy [is]..Nigh unto death. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. III. 390 Death had need be near Unto such men.

II. Indicating a temporal relationship. 6. Until (a final limit in time); till as late as; = TO prep. 6 and 6 c. a 1300 Cursor M. 24739 All mi Hue vn-to min end, In hir loueword l>of i moght spend, a 1325 Prose Psalter Ixxxix. 15 Lord, be J>ou turned vnto nov. Ibid. cxii. 2 Be \>e name of our Lord blisced, nou of pis & vntoheuen. 1382 Wyclif Ps. cxii. 2 Be the name of the Lord blissid; fro this now and vnto the world. C1386 Chaucer Man of Law's T. 76s Kepeth this child., vn to myn hoom comynge. C1440 Alph. Tales 439 per devotelie he servid our Ladie vnto his lyns ende. 1480 Cov. Leet Bk. 436 Certain Common pastures belongyng to the seid Cite vnto nowe. 1484 Caxton Fables of Alfonce ix, The wulf.. hyd hym self nyghe them vnto the nyght. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. Ixvii. 89 The bysshoppe.. toke hym as his lorde, vnto suche season as somme other shulde come. 1539 Bible (Great) Rom. v. 13 For euen vnto the lawe was synne in the worlde. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Luke xvi. 16 The law and the prophets, vnto lohn. 1613 Acts Privy Council 4 Yow shall., keepe the same unto suche tyme as., publicacion shall [be] moved thereof. 1691 in fe. Walker Epictetus (1692) A i b. All good and perfect Gifts.. Which Mortals have from th’ Womb unto the Tomb. x8oi Wordsw. Troilus 56 She.. there so graciously did me behold. That hers unto the death my heart I hold. 1896 ‘Ian Maclaren’ K. Carnegie 356 Doctor Manley, .praises Kate unto this day.

7. After a negative, = until prep. 5 b. c X400 Brut 322 The clergye .. wolde not graunte hit vnto Ester next comyng. 1450-80 tr. Secreta Secret. Iviii. 34 Shewe not thi thought vnto tyme thou performe thi wille. 1485 Caxton Paris Sf V. (1868) ii Never I shal have playsyr ne loye unto the tyme that 1 knowe. 1515 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 88 He neuer vnto this last ere knew eny man occupye a nothur mans Craft without nterrupcion. 1559 W. Cunningham Cosmogr. Glasse 105 Before the sonne be vnder th’ Earth, which is not vnto .6. of the clocke.

III. Expressing the relation of aim, design, destination, result, consequent status or condition. 8. In order to begin, perform, accomplish, or obtain. Cf. to prep. 8 b.

237 cabilles of hym bought vnto the Kyngs use. 1487 in Nichols Illustr. Manners & Exp. (1797) 83 For hokes and hcngles unto the skolehouse dore,.. and for nailes to the same dore, 4\d. 1539 Cranmer Let. in Misc. Writ. (Parker Soc.) 396, I pray you that the same may be delivered unto the said Whitchurche unto printing. 1549 Thomas Hist. Italye (1561) 74b, Vpon a very smal wamyng they [sc. galleys] may be fumyshed out vnto the sea. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Mark i. 4 Preaching the baptisme of penance vnto remission of sinnes. 1592 Warner Alb. Eng. viii. xlii. 158 Our Cattell vnto stronger draughts we .. would vnteame.

9. Indicating a condition, state, or situation, conferred or imposed upon a person. Cf. to prep. 9. a 1300 E.E. Psalter xviii. 16 Mi helper ai he isse. And mi bier vn-to blisse. CX400 Destr. Troy 1418 Wemyn & wale children vnto wo put. a 1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 34 Vnto a loueable ende wip goddes help aboute half a 3ere I cured hym. C1440 York Myst. xxxvii. 319 Vnto my dome I schall pame drawe. And juge pame worse panne any Jewe. C1529 Latimer in Foxe A. ^ M. (1563) 1298/2 Which vnthriftye state that wee be borne vnto. 1548 in Starkey England (1878) p. xciii. If vnto Office they after bee electe. 1591 Drayton Prayer of Mardocheus iv, To destroy and bring us unto nought. 1603 Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1119 Some [traitors] they roasted, and some they put vnto the Tenalia. 1648 Wilkins Math. Magic i. xi. 75 That slavery, which those.. Nations were subjected unto. 1710 Blackwell Schema Sacrum v. 103 The Decree of Divine Reprobation.. necessarily inferred Man’s Fall, Sin and Damnation violenting him (as it were) unto the same. 1807 Wordsw. 'Nuns fret not' 8 The prison, unto which we doom Ourselves.

10. Indicating result, effect, or consequence: So as to result in, bring about, cause, or produce; = to prep. lo. a 1300 Cursor M. 24746 )>of mans wijt be neuer sa strait, Sco mai well bring it vnto nait. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas ii. 2812 Senacherib.. Leffte his siege & took hym onto flyht. at pe wolde wedde vnto hys vyf? 1390 Gower Conf. I. 114 This lord a worthi ladi hadde Unto his wif. C1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 1374 If pat pe priores wor dede, J>o same.. Wold ches me vnto priores. 1470-85 Malory Arthur i. vii. 43 We wille haue Arthur vnto our kyng. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 28 The gray freeres chaungyd their habbetts from London rossette unto whytt gray. 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. i. i. 207 (Q.), Hee hath turnd a heauen vnto a hell! 1599 Drayton Idea xlvi, I meruaile not thou feelst not my delight.. Whose stomack vnto gaule hath turn’d thy foode. 1609 Bible (Douay) 2 Kings xxi. 14 And they shal be unto waste, and unto ^oile to al their adversaries. 1749 C. Wesley Hymns I. 57 Turn unto Flesh my Heart of Stone.

12. Indicating the object of desire, right, or claim, a. TO prep. 12, 12 b. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 57 He pat had gode right vnto pe regalte. 1530 Palsgr. 538/1 By what meanes is he entyteled unto these landes. 1535 Coverdale Ps. cxviii. 20 The very feruent desyre that I haue allwaye vnto thy iudgmentes. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. 29 b, There is no better clayme vnto wealth. 1738 in Nairne Peerage Evid. (1874) 42 Such personal estate as he .. shall become.. intitled unto.

IV. Followed by an expression denoting or indicating a limit in extent, number, amount, or degree. 13. a. Up to as many, as much, or as often as. Cf. TO prep. 13. a 1300 Cursor M. 12648 Ai to iesu was cummen neir Vn-to pe eild of thritte yeir. a 1325 Prose Psalter Hi. 4 pec nys non pat dop god, per nys non vn-to on. c 1400 Brut 295 Shippez & barges were take, vnto pe noumbre of .CC. & xxx. r 1500 Melusine xxiii. 156 There nys thing., that I shuld reffuse you vnto myn owne deth. 1526 Tindale Mark vi. 23, I will geve it the, even vnto the one halfe of my kyngdom. 1530 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 46 It was., unknowne what the charges.. would drawe vnto. 1596 Shaks. i Hen. IV, iv. i. 129 What may the Kings whole Battaile reach vnto? Vernon. To thirty thousand. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God xix. i. 752 Thus doth the number arise vnto twelve. 1663 Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xiv, There cannot be so much interruption given to them, as the scratch of a pin among us amounts unto. 1812 Cary Dante, Parad. xxiii. 57 Not.. Unto the thousandth parcel of the truth, My song might shadow forth that saintly smile. 1895 Petrie Egypt. Tales Ser. i. 70 He came again unto him, even unto six times. 1896 'Ian Maclaren’ K. Carnegie 328 There is nothing unto life itself I would not give for your good.

b. Down to (an ultimate grade, point, or number).

a 1300 E.E. Psalter ciii. 24 Oute sal man ga vnto his werkc. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9098 Vn-to pe karolle assw'ype he 3ede. C1400 Destr. Troy 10734 "Ehe sun in his sercle set vnto rest, c 1440 Alph. Tales 424 In pe mornyng he went vnto his prayers. 1470-85 Malory Arthur vii. xxvi. 271 Many bold knyghtes wente vnto mete. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 134 The Lady, somewhat hungric, fell unto the Cates. 1596 R. L[inche] Diella, etc. D7, They all sat downe vnto a soone-made feast. 1768 Ross Helenore 68 Unto their supper they right yaply fa’.

aim [^c. his goods] vnto pe bisshopp. c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 447 Syluir and gold he gert on to him geyff. 1532 Hervet Xenoph. Househ. 32 b, As for suche thynges,.. we deliuered them vnto a woman. is8i in Lane. ^ Cheshire Wills (1893) 3 I geue and bequeath vnto Richard.. tenne shepe. l6io Holland Camden's Brit. i. 726 Deliuering vnto him a verge of gold. 1678 Bunyan Pilgr. i. 168 This could not but be a great grief unto him. 1695 in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. Oct. (1915) 173 She hath borne unto mee three sonnes. C1708 Fenton First Fit of Gout 19 Whence comes this unsought honour unto me? 1768 Ross Helenore 9 Nory..a glack of bread an’ cheese.. unto Lindy gees. 1814 Cary Dante, Inf. xxiii. 5 He told What fate unto the mouse and frog befel. 1829 in Nairne Peerage Evid. (1874) 76 We are graciously pleased to give and allow unto Caroline baroness Nairn an annuity, a 1865 Emerson Woodnotes ii. 342 Unto every race and age He emptieth the beverage.

b. Indicating the recipient of an impression, the holder of an opinion or the like; used esp. after verbs, as appear, seem, fthink, etc. Cf. TO prep. 29 b. a 1470 Harding Chron. (MS. Lansd.) Pref. vi. If it lyke vn to 30ur owne avyse .. To Comforte now.. 3our pore subgite. 1526 Tindale Luke xxiv. 11 Their wordes semed vnto them fayned thinges. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iii. v. 55, I am now in great haste, as may appeare vnto you. 1611 Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. IX. xviii. § 29 It was thought vnto the Protector, and vnto the whole Councell, that [etc.], a 1613 Bacon Case Post~nati Scot. Wks. 1826 V. 116 For it seemeth admirable unto me, to consider [etc.]. 1710 Blackwell Schema Sacrum viii. 147 One Attribute seemeth more Dear unto him than another.

27. For the advantage, benefit, convenience, use, or disposal of; for. Cf. to prep. 30. a 1300 E.E. Psalter Ixx. 8 In pe ai alle mi singinge. Made am i als fortakeninge Vnto mani.

7.)

1865 Mrs. Whitney Gayu'orthys xxi, I think Wealthy felt it so, in her untranscendental way.

untran'scribable, a.

(un-* 7 b.)

1874 in Folklore (1919) XXX. 149 An untranscribable baboon song. 1883 Harper's Mag. July 177 i Students and amateurs, .labouring with untranscribable details.

un'transferable, a. (un-^ 7 b and 5 b.) 1649 Howell Pre-em. Parlt. 6 Though the Soverainty remaine still entire, and untransferable in the person of the Prince. 1794 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 7* "The Demetrius is dry, and utterly untransferable to modern use. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 80 The personal character and untransferable nature of Sin. 1881 P. Brooks Candle of Lord 326 The habits are rigid, uniform and untransferable.

UNTREMENDOUS

untrans'mutable, a. (un-* 7 b, 5 b.)

2. Not travelled over or through.

1611 Florio, Intrasmutabile, vntransmutable. 1682 H. More Annot. GlanvilVs Lux O. 52 Spirits specifically different, are untransmutable one into another, a 1776 Hume Ess. (1777) II. 351 Each character .. appears to me, in practice, pretty durable and untransmutable.

untran'smuted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 1666 Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual. 409 The untransmuted Rain water. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude vi. 464 The untransmuted shapes of many worlds.

tuntransparable, a.

Obs.~^

[un-* 7b.]

=

next. e fadir.. seide, Sire, Y bileve; helpe myn untroupe, a 1395 Hylton Scala Per], ii. vi. (Bodl. MS,), y>ei schulden streiyt flee to heuene,.. hadde pel do neuer so myche synne bifore in time of her vntroupe. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 28 Crist.. mist not do ani vertu per, for pe vntroup.

3. Falsehood; = untruth 3. c 1386 Chaucer Man of Law's T. 687 This false knyght was slayn for his vntrouthe. c 1449 Pecock Repr. ii. xv. 234 Thei worschipiden God hi ydolatrie, and therfore by vntrouthe. 01592 Greene Alphonsus ii. ii. If you find my words to be vntroth, Then let me die to recompence the wrong.

b. = UNTRUTH 3 b. *581 T. Howell Deuises lij, A false vntroth to me the same doth seeme. 1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence, Phormio Ii. ii, If then I had spoken an vntroath. 1623 Fletcher & Rowley Maid in Mill iv. i, There will be a yard of dissimulation At least (City measure) and cut upon an untroth or two,

14. A company (of summoners). Obs.-^ i486 Bk. St. Albans fvib, An vntrouth of sompneris.

UNTROTHFUL

245

t un'trothful, o Icwcs t>al wore vntrowjjcful stired pcrsecucyone.

un'trouble,

v. (uN-*4b.) 1684 Leighton Comm, i Pet. v. (1849) II. 468 Art thou troubled with fears, enemies, and snares? untrouble thyself of that, for He is with thee. a

un'troubled, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Not subjected to trouble or disquiet. 1484 Acta Auditorum (1839) *146/2 \>e said venerable fader., salbe vntrublit for J>at some. 1531 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. 11. 134/2 The saidis personis.. to be .. unmolestit, and untrublit, for quhatsumever actioun or cryme. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. i. 33 Vntroubled night they say giues counsell best. Ibid. 11. vii. 15 With how small allowaunce Vntroubled Nature doth her selfe suffise. /. a. [un-* 8. Cf. Du. ongewied.] 1. Of ground; Not cleared of weeds. Also^ig. In later use freq. in fig. context in echoes of quot. 1602. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. ii. 135 Oh fie, fie, ’tis an vnweeded Garden That growes to Seed; Things rank, and grosse in Nature Possesse it meerely. 1624 Ussher Serm. 48 The field is the same, but weeded now, unweeded then. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 654 The human mind, like an unweeded garden, has been suffered to shoot up in wild disorder. 1817 Coleridge Lay Serm. 19 The evils of a rank and un-weeded Press. 1824 J. Telfer Border Ball. 32 The wood it was dern, unweeded, and wild. 1842 New Monthly Mag. i. 400 All the rashness, insolence, and brutality of an un-weeded and newly-raised constabulary.

1882 P. Hood Cromwell iii. 98 Eliot was engaged in un¬ webbing the abominations and the intricacies of the Court.

2. Not cleared away or rooted up as weeds. In quots. fig.

un'webbed, ppL a. (un-* 8.)

1626 Jackson Creed viii. v. § i All men by nature (that is from the unweeded relikes of our first parents’ pride) are prone to over-value themselves. 1645 Hammond Death-bed Repent. 29 The.. hospitable soyle, contrary both to the thorny and stony ground, the one when the cares of the world are unweeded, unmortifyed, the other when [etc.].

1768 Pennant Brit. Zool. II. 492 The feathers.. long, slender and unwebbed. 1768-in Phil. Trans. LVIH.92 The shafts [of the feathers are] broad and very thin; the vanes unwebbed. 1804 Bewick Brit. Birds II. 179 Its feathers appear all unwebbed, and look like silky hair. 1872 CoUES N. Amer. Birds 219 Toes all of the same length, unwebbed at base.

un'wed, p/)/. a. [un-* 8 b.] = next. In quot. 1562 perhaps f. un-* 8. *5*3 Douglas JEneidvi. v. 27 Small childrin, and 3oung damicellis vnwed. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 191, We wold wed the sooner.., showyng plaine. That I should the sooner be vnwed againe. 1590 Shaks. Com. Err. II. i. 26 This seruitude makes you to keepe vnwed. 1790 Mrs. Wheeler Westmoreland Dial. (1821) 47 Be a gud lass, .. en keep the sel unwed en tae can. 1816 Byron Ch. Har. III. Iv, Though unwed. That love was pure. 1835 Milman Nala ^ Damayanti, etc. 91 Unwed wert thou in virgin bloom. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets xi. 353 Timas, whom unwed Persephone locked in her darksome bed. 1967 E. S. Gardner Case of Queenly Contestant (1973) viii. 103, I would keep on working as long as I was able. Then I would go to a home for unwed mothers and have my child. 1981 R. McClure Coram's Children x. 124 In 1764 forty-nine children were reclaimed by their parents, often unwed mothers.

un'wedded, ppl. a. [un-* 8.] 1. Of persons: Not wedded; unmarried. Also absol.

unweel, Sc. var. of unwell a. un'weened,/)/)/. a. Now arch, [un-* 8. Cf. OE. un^e-, unwened.] Not thought of or imagined; unexpected. J»e nat so moche to saue As 3yf l>ou asked hyt by name. 1387-8 T. Usk Test. Love in. vii. (Skeat) 1. 66 Who that.. coveyteth thing unknowe, unweting he shal be quyted. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. x. 66 She., in an heaped fu^ro\^ did thee hyde, Where thee a Ploughman all vnweeting fond. 1634 Milton Comus 539 To inveigle and invite th’ unwary sense Of them that pass unweeting by the way. 1667 - P.L. X. 335 Hee..saw his guileful act By Eve, though all unweeting, seconded Upon her liusband. 01718 Parnell Fairy Tale 62 ’Twas grief.. Which made my steps unweeting rove Amid the nightly dew. 1768 C. Shaw Monody vi, In vain Perverse, still on th’ unweeting head ’Tis thine thy vengeful darts to shed. 1803 W. S. Rose Amadts 82 All who to his bow’rs unweeting came. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 42 When Through the unweeting mountains here and there Rove living creatures. 1878 T. Hardy Ret. Native 11. iv, This unweeting manner of performance is the true ring by which .. a fossilized survival may be known from a spurious reproduction.

b. Const, o/.

= UNWITTING ppl. a. i b.

1591 Spenser Teares Muses 491 Then wandreth he in error and in doubt, Vnweeting of the danger hee is in. a 1592 T. Watson Tears of Fancy xMx, His hounds vnweeting of his sodaine change, Did hale and pull him downe. 17x7 E. Fenton Homer's Odyssey 91 Me, O King, The Minister of adverse Fate malign’d, Unweeting of Mishap^. 1735 Somerville Chase iii. 280 Joyous he scents The rich Repast, un-weeting of the Death That lurks within. 1793 Coleridge The Rose 13 When unweeting of the guile Awoke the prisoner sweet. 1812 Cary Dante, Purg. iii. 91 They stopp’d:.. the same did all Who follow’d, though unweeting of the cause. 1870 Bryant Iliad xviii. II. 225 Two shepherds walked with them,.. all unweeting of the evil nigh.

c. With objective clause. = unwitting/>/)/. a. I c. 1590 Spenser F.Q. iii. x. 22 He.. stood aloofe, vnweeting what to doe. 1621 Quarles Div. Poems, Esther Introd., A few from many they extracted forth,.. Vnweeting where the most reward belongs. 1805-6 Cary Dante, Inf. xxx. 139, I .. all the while Excused me, though unweeting that I did. 1814 WoRDSw. Lines written in copy of Excurs. 9 He conned the new-born Lay ..; Unweeting that to him the joy was given. 1864 Bryant Cloud on Way 39 Haply, leaning o’er the pilgrim, all unweeting thou art near. Thou mayst whisper words.. of comfort in his car.

t2. In absolute constructions. unwitting ppl. a. 2.

Obs.

=

C1386 Chaucer Can. Yeom. T. 767 (Camb. MS.), He slyly tok it out, this cursede heyne, Vnwetynge this prest of this false craft. C1400 Destr. Troy 8594 Ector.. Went out wightly, vnwetyng his fader, c 1400 Love Bonavent. Mirr. (1908) 74 After that his parens weren gone homwarde, he dwelled stille there in Jerusalem, hem vnwetynge. C1470 Harding Chron. xvm. vi. He helde Estrylde as his loue and leman, Therof his wife vnwetyng. c 1483 Chron. London (1827) 123 Oweyn.. hadde iij or iiij®’’ chyldren be here, unwetyng the comoun peple tyl that sche were ded. elhpt. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xii. (Bodl. MS.), W’ormod.. excitej* pe smel after slepe jif it is ileide vnwetinge vnder pe heed.

3. = UNWITTING ppl. a. 3. (а) 1387-8 T. Usk Test. Love i. vii. (Skeat) 1. 110 Some of hem token money for thy chambre,.. unwetinge of the renter, a 1400 Partonope 8931 In-to a chambre .. Vnwe^ng of any wight they hym lede. 1454 Paston Lett. I. 287 God wote my wif delyvered all, myn unwetyng. C1483 Chron. London (1827) 131 The fals contryved evidens that weren sealed be old tyme with the comoun seall, unwetynge of them. (б) 1579 Fenton Guicciard. iii. 168 From whence,., vnweeting to the Duke... he went to Coma. 1590 Spenser F.Q. III. iii. 57 She resolu’d, vnweeting to her Sire, Aduent’rous knighthood on her selfe to don.

t4. Ignorant, uninformed, unlearned.

Obs.

1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 86/2 She said., he shold abyde wythout and not come in as he that were not worthy but unwetyng. 1706 J. Philips Cerealia 70 Have I so long.. my lore Communicated to th’ unweeting hind?

5. = unwitting ppl. a. 4. rare-'^. *793 Burns 'The last time' ii, The unweeting groan, the bursting sigh, Betray the guilty lover.

un'weetingly, adv. Now arch, [un-^ ii. Cf. prec. and unwittingly adv.] Unknowingly; unconsciously; fwithout it being known. a 1400-50 Alexander 134 Furpe.. withouten foie he passis his way, Vn-wetandly to any wee. 14.. Chaucer's Pardoner's T. 24 (Corpus MS.), Loth vnkyndely lay by his doughtres tuo vnwetyngly. So drunke he was. a 1542 Wyatt 'And if Wks. 1913 I. 176 To frame all wel, I ame content That it were done unwetingly. 1596 Spenser F.Q. v. viii. 15, I.. found them faring so. As by the way vnweetingly I strayd. 1671 Milton Samson 1680 They only set on sport and play Unwcetingly importun’d Thir owm destruction to come speedy upon them. 1792 D. Lloyd Voy. Life 30 Prone to the lap of lewd Licentiousness The high-flown rabble throngs unwcetingly. 1802 J. Baillie ist Pt. Ethwald !v. iv, Woggarwolfc.. once before unwcetingly has served us. 0x849 H Coleridge Ess. (1851) II. 157 Shakspcarc.. assumes the utmost pomp of diction on these occasions, complying, unwcetingly, with Aristotle’s precepts.

un'weighed,/>/)/. a. [un-‘ 8. Cf. Da. uveiet, Sw. ovdgd. ] 1. Not weighed. X48X-90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) Gene wode unweyed. X535 Coverdale

X65X Vaughan Olor Iscanus, Boet. \. met. 1. 20 Life adds unwelcom’d length unto my dayes. X768 Hoole C>tu5 hi. 36 Doom’d again to banishment. Unseen, unwclcom’d, [he] swells this heart with anguish. X836 Keble Lyra ^ost. 182 How count we then lost eve and morn, The bell unwelcom’d, prayer unsaid. X893 Harper's Mag. Dec. 26 The Great Love comes to you at last Lnwelcomed.

un'welcomely, adv. (UN-* 11.)

348, lix. bales of / Kings vii. 47 Salomon let all the apparell be vnweyed [X539 vnwayed, x6xx vnweighed] because the metall was so moch. X555 /nr. Ch. Goods (Surtees) 153, xlv sowes of leade unwaied. 1697 Walsh Life Virgil IP17 in Dryden's Virgil, Massy Plate, unweigh’d to a great value. transf. X852 Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 171 Such we hold Thy sanctity of nature, and unweighed Largess of light.

X642 Roger-s Naaman 87 How doth Naaman take it? Surely very ill, and unwclcomly. X718 Taverner Artful Wife V. i. 60 The Thought of him intrudes unwclcomcly. X792 Charlotte Smith Desmond HI. 23 The task of chiding you .. falls on me most unwelcomely. X833 Sir F. B. Head Bubbles fr. Brunnen 121 A calculation which very unwelcomely kept forcing itself into my mind. 1882 C. C. Hopley Snakes xxvii. 495 A ‘water moccasin'.. had been seen .. unwelcomely close to a southern residence.

2. Not deliberately considered; not pondered before utterance or expression; hasty, incon¬ siderate.

un'welcomeness. (un-* 12.)

ax586 Sidney Arcadia ii. xxii. Disgraced with wandring eyes, and vnwaied speeches. X598 Shaks. Merry W. ii. i. 23 What an vnwaied Behauiour hath this Flemish drunkard pickt..out of my conuersation! X697 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. 1. Ill If an Emperour throws out an unweigh’d Sentence, must we be governed by it? X725 Pope Odyss. i. 84 Daughter! what words have pass’d thy lips unweigh’d? x828-32 W’ebster s.v.. To leave arguments or testimony unweighed. X850 J. F. Cooper Ways of Hour II. 241 Much unmerited misery is., entailed by such unweighed assertions and opinions.

tun'weighing, ppl. a. Obs.-^ [un-^ 10. prec. 2.] Thoughtless; inconsiderate.

Cf.

1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. iii. ii. 147 A ver>’ superficial!, ignorant, vnweighing fellow.

un'weighted, ppl. a.

(un-* 8; cf. weighted ppl.

a. 2 c.) X883 Annie Thomas Mod. Housewife 23 My heart was unweighted, my brow unclouded, by a single household perplexity. X898 Daily News 9 April 6/3 Put to the test of touch, the silks proclaim themselves to be pure and unweighted. X927 Bowley & Stamp National Income ig24 23 The unweighted average is obtained by adding up the percentages and dividing by the number of them. X966 Rep. Comm. Inquiry Univ. Oxf. 11. 260 {heading) Student/staff ratios (unweighted) for certain universities. X977 Econ. Social Rev. (Dublin) VHI. 146 In cases where an unweighted regression applied to all twenty-six Irish counties would yield inefficient estimates, re-estimating the equation with Dublin omitted is in practice equivalent to applying a full correction for heteroscedasticity.

un'weighty, a. (un-‘ 7. Cf. G. unwichtig. Da. uvigtig.) 1621 Lady M. Wroth Urania 458 Speaking of a friuolous and vnwaighty businesse God knowes. ax674 Clarendon Surv. Leviath. (1676) 29 The instances and arguments given by him are very unweighty.

tun'weirded, pp/. a. Sc. Obs.^' [un-^ 4b, 9.] Subject to adverse fate; ill-fated. CX590 Montgomerie Sonnets vnweirdit, I a woful wrech.

xlviii.

12

Thou

art

un'welcome, sb. [un-* 12.] 1. Unwelcomeness. in. iii. 495 Gentlye to beare.. the importunitie of yeares, the vnwellcome of wrinckles, and such like minde-troubling accidents. 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 33 Since I must quarter the forces of two Garrisons, it will be prudence to dissemble the unwelcome of the one, and silently to welcome the other. 1603 Florio Montaigne

2. Lack of welcome; a cold reception, rare. 1912 D. H. Lawrence Trespasser i. 2 A stranger.. was assured of his unwelcome.

un'welcome,

a. [un-* 7. Cf. med.Du. onwillecome (Du. onwelkom), G. unwillkommen. Da. uvel-, Sw. ovdlkommen.] Not welcome or acceptable; unpleasing. Rare before c 1590. In freq. use from c 1665. in Pol. Songs (Camden) 330 His meyne is unwelcome, comen hii erliche or late. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 49 If vn-welcum he were to a worl^lych prynce. 0x586 Sidney Arcadia iii. xvi. Unwelcome curtesie is a degree of injury’. 159X Shaks. Two Gent. ii. iv. 81, I thinke ’tis no vnwelcome newes to you. X624 Fletcher Wife for Moneth ii. i. Death is unwelcome never. Unless it be to tortur’d minds .. That make their own Hells. x66x Boyle Style of Script. To Rdr. A 7 b, There can as little be an unwelcomer as an unjuster Complement plac’d upon me, than [etc.]. 1670 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 469 Your Lordship’s letter.. was much unwelcomer to me than any I yet received from you. X728 Eliza Heywood tr. Mme. de Gomez's Belle A. (1732) II. 174 The Importunities of his unwelcome Tenderness. X75X Johnson Rambler No. 153 If i He that has an unwelcome message to deliver. X817 Scott Harold III. vii. He whose daring lay Hath dared unwelcome truths to say. 1840 Barham Ingol. Leg. 1. H. Harris (1905) 126 The unwelcome news of his grandson’s dangerous state. 1869 Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 171 A name of ridicule., unwelcome to their ears. C1325

un'welcome, v. [un-* 14.] trans. To receive uncordially. X890 Atlantic April 550/2 [The] half-concealed ridicule with which the poor old fellow’s sallies are liable to be welcomed—or unwelcomed.

un'welcomed,/)/)/. a. (un-* 8.) 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Fib, Yf they had kept pointment.. they shoulde neyther haue bene vnwelcumed nor vnlooked for. X590 Spenser F.Q. iii. vii. 8 At last.. She askt.. what vnwonted path Had guided her, vnwelcomed, vnsought? 16x4 Lithgow Trav. P 1 b. The vnwelcomed .Arabs inuironed, and inuaded vs with a storme of arrowes.

X682 Boyle Let. Wks. 1772 VI. 43 But, together with that unwelcome news, you send me what does much alleviate the unwelcomness of it. X727 Bailey (vol. 11). X876 Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. vii. Her words.. had the unwelcomeness which all unfavourable fortune telling has.

un'welcoming. sb. (un-* 13.) X838 Mrs. Smythies Fitzherbert II. ii. 34 W’hai has sent the young, the brave,.. among the cold, the unwelcoming of frigid regions?

unwelde, etc.: see unwield, etc. un'welded> ppl. a. (un-* 8.) [x775 Ash.] x8^6 Worcester (citing Turner). X885 C. G. W’. Cooke Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 12/1, (r) unwelded, (2) welded, (rolled) goods.

t un'welewable, a. Obs. rare. [f. un-* 7 b. Cf. WALLOW v.'^ and unwallowed ppl. a.] That will not fade; unfadable. 1382 Wyclif I Pet. i. 4 In to heritage vncoruptible, and vndefoulid, and vnwelewable [L. immarcescibilem], that shal not fade. Ibid. v. 4 The vnwelewable crowne of glory.

un'wellf a. Also 5 north, vnwele; Sc. 7 unweal, 9 un-, onweel. [un-* 7. Cf. NFris. (Sylt) unwell WFlem. onwel^ G. unwohl.] a. Not well or in good health; somewhat ill; indisposed. Before 1780 almost always north. E., Sc., Anglo-Irish, or U.S. Not in Johnson (edd. 1-4). In very frequent use from c 1785. ‘Crabbe .. told us that Lord Chesterfield was the first person who introduced the word ‘unwell’ into common use, and.. it was forthwith admitted into the vocabulary of fashion' (1825 C. W'ordsw. in Overton & W'. Life (iSSS) 36). C1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3649 A man was seke and vnwele. X653 Urquhart Rabelais i. vi. 30 Gargamelle began to be a little unwell in her lower parts. x666 Mrs. Carstaires in 7- Carstaire's Lett. (1846) 161 My sister still contanues unwell. The doctour thinks she is in great hazard. a X700 Evelyn Diary 10 Oct. 1659, I.. tooke lodgings .. for all the winter, my son being very unwell. X737 Berkeley Let. Wks. 1871 IV. 248 My three children have been ill... George is still unwell. 1750 C. Gist Jrnls. (1893) 34, I was unwell and stayed in this Town to recover myself. X7S5 Chesterf. Let. 8 Oct., I am what you call in Ireland, and a very good expression I think it is, unwell. X757 Mrs. Griffith Lett. Henry fef Frances (1767) I. 218, I hope that it is only your spleen, which makes you fancy yourself unwell. 1768 Chesterf. Let. 17 Oct., I am, neither well nor ill, but unwell. X788 Anna Seward Lett. (1811) II. 117, 1 have been so unwell with a violent cough. X826 Scott Jrnl. (1890) I. 231, I am well-nigh choked with the sulphurous heat of the weather—or I am unwell. 1856 J. Richardson Recoil. I. 61 Morris.. suddenly retired as if taken unwell! X882 Tennyson Promise of May iii. i, Mr. Steer still continues too unwell to attend to you.

b. euphem. Having menstrual discharges. X844 Dunglison Med. Diet. (ed. 4) s.v. 1934 J. Rhys Voyage in Dark i. vi. 78 When I was unwell for the first time it was she who explained to me, so that it seemed quite all right. 1964 E. Bowen Little Girls ii. iii. 96 Miss Kinmate, herself unwell today, had not the slightest intention of going in.

Hence un'wellness. X653 Dorothy Osborne Lett. (1888) 140 You . never send me any of the new phrases of the town... Pray what is meant by wellness and unwellnessl 1755 Chesterf. Let. 8 Oct., This unwellness aflFects the mind as well as the body, and gives them both a disagreeable inertness. X865 W. M. PuNSHON in Macdonald Life (1887) 250 This chronic ‘unwellness’ is difficult to understand. X876 Darwin in Life (1887) I. 69 Owing to frequently recurring unwellness, and to one long and serious illness.

un'wemmed, ppl. a. [OE. unzvemmed (un-* 8). Cf. OE. un^etvemmed, OHG. ungawemmit.] 1. Spotless, pure, immaculate. Now arch. a. Of persons. Also const, m, of. C950 Rituale Dunelm. (Surtees) 104 Derh 8one vnwoemmedo drihten.. crist. 01x75 Cott. Horn. 237 Ure halende wes accenned of l?am unwemmede mede sante Marie, c 1200 Ormin 2877 Jesu Cristess bird Iss clenc, & all unnwemmedd Inn hire trowwpe towarrd Godd. rx225 Ancr. R. 10 To ancren. .pe witeO ou from I>e worlde, ouer alle o5re religiose, dene & unwemmed. a 1300 E.E. Psalter xviii. 14 vnwemmed be I sal, And I sal be clensed dene Of gilte. X382 W'yclif Col. i. 22 For to haue 30U hooly, and vnwemmid, and with outc reprof bifore hym. c X400 Prymer in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1847) II. 40 Thou toke sum tyme the shap of oure bodi, in childynge of the unwemmed vyrgyn. c X500 Lancelot 2097 This flour wnwemmyt of hir wirginitee. X5X3 Douglas JEneid x. Prol. 106 Thou tuke mankynd of ane onwemmyt mayd. X570 Levins Manip. 51 Vnwembed, immaculatus. 01643 Cartwright Ordinary ii. ii, Moth [an antiquary]. ’Tis hard to find a Damoscl unwenned [«V], They being all Coltish and full of Ragery. absol. 0x300 E.E. Psalter xxxvi. 19 Lauerd daies of vn¬ wemmid knawes he. 0x325 Prose Psalter xxxvi. 19 Our Lord

UNWEPT knew pc dedes of pe vnwemmed. 1382 Wyclif Song Sol. v. 2 Opene thou to me,.. my culuer, myn vnwemed.

b. Of the body, etc. r 1000 i^LFRic Saints' Lives xxiii. b. 437 ware symle faemne oncnawen, and hinne lichaman haebbende clsne and unwemmed. c 1200 Ormin 2816 Allmahhti5 Drihhtin .. batt nu .. I >»in unnwemmedd wambe. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints iii. (Andrew) 442 [The] firste man, pat wes mad of vnwemmyterd. 1382 Wyclif Ileb. xiii. 4 Honorable wedding in alle thingis, and bed vnwembid [t?.r. vnwemyd bed],

c. Of qualities, etc. c 1000 Lambeth Psalter c. 2 And ic angyte weje on unwemmed. a 1300 E.E. Psalter xviii. 8 Lagh of lauerd vnwemmed esse, Tornand saules in to blisse. ^1366 Chaucer A.B.C. 91 Signe of j?in vnwemmed maidenhede. ^ *375 •S’r. Leg. Saints xxxvi. (John Baptist) 466 be firste is of virginite, bat ay vnuemmyt kepit he. c 1449 Pecock Repr. v. i. 477 A dene and an vnwemmed religioun. c 1872 J. Addis Eliz. Echoes (1879) 68 A love unwemmed, guiltless of attaint.

t2. Not hurt, injured, or scarred. Obs. ri200 Ormin 14735 All swa summ Ysaac attbrasst Unnwundedd & unnwemmedd. 01300 Cursor M. 21046 Bot not>er him harmd, hefd ne fott. For als he was o lust vn-lame Als was vnwemmed his licam. 1375 Barbour Bruce xx. 376 He had gret ferly That sic a knycht.. Micht in the face vnwemmyt be.

3. Not physically spotted or stained. Now dial. 01300 Cursor M. 19504 Godd him geit, pat euer es god, Vn-wemmed his hend in sacles blod. 1876 Whitby Gloss. 208/1 Unwemm'd, without wrinkle or stain; unblemished.

t4. Unblemished; flawless. Obs. rare.

Hence un'wemmedness.

rare.

C1200 Ormin 2388 batt jho mihhte A libbenn i dene ma33f>had, & inn unnwemmeddnesse. Ibid. 2875, 8220, 10098.

un'wept,/)/)/. a. [un-* 8 b.] 1. Not wept or mourned for; unlamented. 1594 Shaks. Rich. Ill, II- ii- 65 Our fatherlesse distresse was left vnmoan’d. Your widdow-dolour, likewise be vnwept. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. i, xx, Had not that great Hart.. piti’d thy wofull plight; There hadst thou lien unwept, unburied. 1637 Milton Lycidas 13 He must not flote upon his watry bear Unwept. 1725 Pope Odyss. v. 402 A shameful fate now hides my hapless head, Unwept, unnoted, and for ever dead! 1766 Goldsm. Vicar xxi, If you fall, though distant, exposed, and unwept by those that love you. 1805 Scott Last Minstrel vi. i, The wretch .. shall go down To the vile dust,.. Unwept, unhonour’d, and unsung. 1848 Buckley Iliad 413 Patroclus lies at the ships, an unwept, unburied corse.

2. Of tears; Unshed. rare~^. 1816 Byron Parisina xx, Those tears., in endure, Unseen, unwept, but uncongeal’d.

un'wered, ppl. a.

rare, [un-* 8. unwered.'\ Unwatched, unguarded.

its

depth

Cf. OE.

a 1400 Pistill of Susan 124 pe wif werp of hir wedes vnwerde.

tun'werked, ppl. a. Obs.-^ [f. un-* 8 + ON. verka (MSw. vdrka, Sw., Norw. verka. Da. virke) to work, fashion.] Unworked, unwrought. CI430 Chev. Assigne 175 ‘Nowe lefte ther ony ouer vnwerkethe .. ?’ And he recheth her forth haluendele acheyne.

-werreyed:

see

unwarred,

UNWARRAYED ppl. adjs.

un'wet, a. [un-* 7.] Not wet or moistened. 1433 Polls of Parlt. IV. 451 Clothes .. holdyng xiiii yerdes in lenght, and yeerde brodeunwette; or eltes xii yerdes wette. c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. xii. 463 Cedur vnwet wol dure. 1585 Jas. VI Ess. Poeste (Arb.) 27, I no wais can, vnwet my cheekes, beholde My sisters made.. macquerels olde. 1594 Kyd Cornelia 11. 234 When sand within a Whirl-poole lyes vnwet. 1621 G. Sandys Ovid's Met. x. (1626) 212 Their feet, vnwet, the sea might well haue borne. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxiv. ip9 The un-wet upper part of.. the Quire, c 1746 Collins Ode Liberty 69 He pass’d with unwet feet thro’ all our land. 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 157 [To] bathe unwet their oily forms, and dwell With feet repulsive on the dimpling well. 1815 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xiii. (1816) I. 425 Their bodies being kept unwet by a coating of air. 1840 N. Hawthorne Btogr. Sk. (1879) 178 It was like Gideon’s fleece, unwet with dew. 1891 Atkinson Last of Giant-killers 234 Emerging from it unwet as well as unharmed.

b. Of the eye: Not suffused with tears; tearless. 1601-3 Daniel Certaine Epistles 58 He lookes thereon As from the shore of peace with vnwet eie. 1700 Dryden Sigism. Guise. 673, I meant to meet My Fate with .. Eyes unwet. a 1743 Ld. Hervey Epist. i. 82 Thy breast unruffled, and unwet thy eye. 1823 S. Rogers Italy, Brides Venice 135 Eyes not unwet.. with grateful tears. 1845 Jerrold St. Giles V. (1851) 43 The woman, lifting her apron to her unwet eye.

un'wetted,/>/)/. a.

(un-^ 8.)

1664 Boyle Exp. touching Colours 56 The Unwetted Parts of the same Bodies. 1815 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. i. (1816) I. 16 By means of which she [rc. a spider] resides un wetted in the bosom of the water. 1892 Ld. Lytton King Poppy Prol. 281 The flash of her unwetted sandal.

tunweved,

Obs.-'^ [? un-^ g.] Struck

off. c 133® of Tars 199 (MS. Vernon), Mony an helm per was vn-weued. And mony a Bacinet to-cleued.

unwex, variant of unwax v.'^ Obs.

un'wheelt v. (un-=* 4.) 1632 G. Hughes Saints Losse, Ded., Your charet is unwheeled, and your horsemen throwne. 1889 Talmage Serm. 28 Apr., God is not dead. The chariots are unwheeled.

*599 T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 55 Satiety their stomacks will vnwhet. 1885 R. Bridges Nero i. iii. v. Come,..be seated. Let not the horrid sight Unwhet your appetites.

un'whetted, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) 01644 Quarles Sol. Recant, x. 10 If th’ unwhetted edge be blunt, the arm Must give more strength. 1648 Hexham li, Een ongewet mes, an Vnwhetted knife.

un'whig, V. [un-* 6b +

whig 56.] trans. To divest of the character or opinions of a Whig.

1825 Moore Sheridan H. 38 Pitt., turned to the person who sat next him, and said, TII un-Whig the gentleman for the rest of his life!’ 1832 Q. Rev. XLVH. 80 Moore did not, indeed, return unwhigged, but he has dealt with American manners not less hardly than Mrs. Trollope. 1892 Pall Mall G. 4 May 2 Unwhigging the Duke of Devonshire.

whig v.^

Not

turned sour. 1756 Home Bleaching 79 A piece of cloth.. was laid in butter milk unwhigged.

1808 Syd. Smith in Lady Holland Mem. (1855) II. 48 He behaved in an unwhiglike manner.

un'whip, V.

[un-* 3.]

trans.

trans. To remove a ‘whittle* or shawl from.

tun'whole, a. Obs. Forms; a. i“4unhal(3 Orm. unnhal), 3-4 unhale. 3, 5 unhole (3 onhole), unhol, 4 unholl, 5 unhool. [OE. unhdl {un- UN-‘ 7 + hdl WHOLE a.), = OHG. unheil, unhail, Goth. unhails unsound, ON. uheill insincere, Norw. dial, uheil unhealthy, decayed.] 1. Not in good health; unsound, unhealthy; diseased, infirm, sick. a. c888 K. i^^LFRED Boeth. xi. §i Sume habbaO beam jenoje, ac pa beoh hwilum unhale oS6e yfele & unweort>e. ciooo i^LFRic in O.E. Horn. I. 296 Unjemetjod fsesten, & to mycel forhsefdnyss on aete & on w®te de6 man unhalne. C1200 Ormin 4778 Hiss bodij toe To rotenn bufenn eorhe All samenn... All hiss wass utenn v/'\pp unnhal J?urrh swihe unnride unnhaele. Ibid. 9393 3iff hatt tin e3he iss all unnhal. c 1205 Lay. 17187 ba men pt beoS un-hal, heo fares to han stane. C1325 Metr. Horn. 35, I gif the blind.. thair siht,.. I mac unhale men al hale. ]3. 0 1225 Ancr. R. 112 Lo bus pe hole half & te ewike dole drowen pet vuele blod ut frommard pe unhole, c 1275 Sinners Beware 308 in O.E. Misc. 82 He seyh henne, Myne Poure vn-hole hyne To eure dure come. 1379 Glouc. Cath. MS. ig No. I. i. iv. fol. 12 Ellys the body is vnholl & ther after schewith him the vryn. c 1425 Cursor M. 5137 (Trin.), Her fadir lay vnhol in bedde.

b. Spiritually or morally unsound,

un'whining,/>p/. a. (un-* 10.) 01750 A. Hill Poems Wks. 1753 unwhining, find their source within.

tun'whittle, V. Obs.~^ [un-*4 + whittle56.*] 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes ii. i. 34 The Lady lik’d his >regnant fancy, and presently unwhitled, and swathed them sc. babes] to her Paramor.

un'whet^ v. (un-^ 3.)

un'whiggedf ppl. a. [un-* 8 +

Lane HI. xx. 188 It is to be feared that in her suppressed excitement she betrayed the unwhitewashed Hilda.

f

unwheeme, var. unqueme a. Obs.

un'whiglike, a. (un-* yc.)

C1475 Partenay 6569 And so haue I done after my simplesse, Preseruing, I trust, mater and sentence Vnwemmed, vnhurt. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. n. xxx, Vnwemmit wit deliuerit of all dangeir.

unwerred,

UNWHOLESOME

260

IV.

119 Bid tears,

To cast loose

smartly. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxii. IP7 Before the Cords are unwhipt from the Pages.

un'whippedy un'whipt, ppl. a. [un-* 8, 8 b, c.] 1. Not punished (as) by whipping; not flogged or beaten. 1605 Shaks. Lear iii. ii. 53 Tremble thou Wretch, Thou hast within thee vndivulged Crimes Vnwhipt of lustice. 1732 Lady M. W. Montagu & Ld. Hervey Verses to Pope 69 If.. Unwhipt, unblanketed, unkick’d, unslain. That wretched little carcase you retain. 1737 Pope Hor. Epist. ii. ii. 18 Once .. I caught him in a lie, And then, unwhipp’d, he had the grace to cry. 1863 Holland Lett. Joneses xiii. 197 The unwhipped coward rubs his hands over his clever boorishness and brutality. 1889 H. M. Stanley in Daily News 4 Dec. 5/2 Numerous peoples..who were as yet unwhipped out of their native arrogance. transf. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 27 June lo/i Time for fishing in unwhipped waters.

2. (See WHIP v. 17.) 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-book 291 Feazings, the fagging out or unravelling of an unwhipped rope.

3. Not directed by the interests of a political party; not subject to a party whip. *959 Manch. Guardian 11 Aug. 6/4 The argument

for the independent ‘unwhipped’ councillor. 1971 Hindell & Simms Abortion Law Reformed xi. 233 It might..turn out that members would cast their ballots to some extent along party lines, even though unwhipped. 1979 Guardian 6 July 26/2 The plan is for an unwhipped vote on a motion covering the principle of the return of the death penalty.

un'whirled, p/)/. a. (un-* 8.)

ciooo i^LFRic Horn. II. 470 Se 6e wen6 pact he hal sy, se is unhal. c 1275 Moral Ode 114 in O.E. Misc. 62 Nis no witnesse al so muchel so monnes owe heorte. For so seyj? hat vnhol is him seolue hwat him smeorteh- c 1325 Metr. Horn. 129 Man quaim sinne mad unhale,

c. Of unsound mind. rare"*. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 1681 His hert heldet vnhole, he hoped non oper Bot a best hat he be, a bol oher an oxe.

d. Unsincere. rare-*. 01352 Minot in Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 74 In hert he was unhaTe, He come thare moste for mede.

2. Of food, etc.: Unwholesome, rare-*. 0 1225 Ancr. R. 370 Ne nomen heo neuer 3eme hwat was hoi, hwat was unhol te eten ne to drincken.

3. Imperfect; defective; incomplete, rare-*. 01300 Cursor M. 23563 For-hi hat godd has ai wroght al. Of his werkes es noght vnhale [Trin. vnhool].

un'wholesome, a. and sb. [un-* 7. Cf. older Flem. onheylsaem (Kilian), MHG. (G.) unheilsam, ON. uheilsamr (MSw. ohelsamber).] A. adj. 1. a. Not beneficial, salutary, or conducive to morals, etc.; detrimental or prejudicial to health of mind. C1200 Ormin 7177 And tatt iss e33herr himm & hemm Unnhalsumm to pe sawle. 1554 T. Sampson Let. to Trew Professors A vi b, Where haue ye your ground in the scripture for this your vnholsome house!!. 1657 Hobbes Absurd Geom. 16 You., can not expect to publish any unholesome doctrine without some Antidotes from me. 1888 H. M. Stanley in Standard (1889) 6 Apr., All unwholesome and evil conjectures. 1889 Times 8 Apr. 9/1 A mischievous demagogue who has acquired an unwholesome popularity bv discreditable methods. 1900 L. B. Walford One of Ourselves xiv. They are keen on doing anything they shouldn’t, anything improper and unwholesome.

1760 Sterne Tr. Shandy iv. xxxi, [To] make an example of him, as the first Shandy unwhirled about Europe in a post-chaise.

b. Not promoting or conducive to, harmful or prejudicial to, well-being, good condition, soundness, etc.; hurtful, noxious.

un'whiskered, a. (un-* 9.)

0 1400-50 Alexander 4387 pe kind of hire customs we kepe euire-mare, pe quilk, I hope, ser, he to hald vnhalesom it ware. 1628 May Virg. Georg, i. 6 Nor is’t unwholesome to subdue the Land By often exercise. 1664 Butler Hud. ii. i. 794 I’d be loath.. To free your heels by any course. That might b’ unwholesome to your Spurs. 1787 Winter Syst. Husb. 84 When waters remain..on the ground which., produce rank unwholesome weeds. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. i. liii, And must they fall..To swell one bloated ChiePs unwholesome reignr 1828 Scott F.M. Perth xiii, Perhaps farther stay were unwholesome for my safety.

1812 Byron Waltz xi. note, Buonaparte is un-whiskered, the Regent whiskered. 1828 Hook Sayings Sf Doings I. 105 His neckcloth.. was tied lightly round his neck, and his plump unwhiskered cheeks festooned over its upper edge.

un'whisperable, a. and sb. [un-* yb.] a. ad]. Unmentionable even in a whisper. 1853 Mrs. Gore Dean's Daughter II. 193 Turbid waters .. worthy only of the four rivers of an unwhisperable region.

b. sb.

Trousers,

slang.

1837 Knickerbocker Mag. March 288 How could he. .see about procuring himself a new pair of unwhisperables from his host, when [etc.]. 1863 G. A. Sala Captain Dangerous I. Pref. p. vi. Unprotected females didn’t venture in ‘unwhisperables’ into the depths of Norwegian forests.

un*whispered» pp/. a. (un-* 8.) *821 T. W. Hill Select. Papers (i^to) 26 An un whispered s. Ibid. 27 The symbols for the unwhispered letters. 1835 Lytton Rienzi iv. ii, How many unwhispered and solemn rites hast thou witnessed by thy native Nile!

un'whited, pp/. a. (un-* 8.) 1621 in Kempe Losely MSS. (1836) 458 Mercheants for linin, dyaper, damaske, and of all kynds, but all unwhyted. 1648 Hexham ii, Ongewit, Vnwhited, or Vnbleached.

un'whitened, pp/. a. (un-* 8.) [*775 Ash.] 1833 Loudon Encycl. Archil. §62 The unwhitened mud and rough stone cottages of England.

un'whitewashed, ppl. a. (un-* 8.) *797 J- C. Davie Let. July in Lett, from Paraguay (1805) 118, I would have had the whole house.. left unwhitewashed. 1846 Worcester (citing Philips). 1866 Augusta Wilson St. Elmo i, A rude unwhitewashed paling. 1893 J. W. Barry Stud. Corsica 196 An uninhabited cottage with .. unwhitewashed walls. 1909 M. B. Saunders Litany

2. Not favourable to or promoting good health; not salubrious, wholesome, or healthful; injurious to health; a. Of food, etc. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9115 He willede of an lampreye to ete, Ac is leches him vorbode vor it was vnholsom mete. C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 475 pe mynging of hes |?ingis is vnholsum to man to take. C1440 Pallad. on Husb. ix. 187 The water that gooth thorgh the leden penne Is rust corrupt, vnholsum. C1455 Pecock Folewer 22 To men is 3ouun pe witt of smellyng, bi which pe\ schulen knowe sumwhat afer what bodies ben vnholsom to be take vnto her nurischyng. 1482 Caxton Polycron. iii. xxxi. 152 b, That vnholsomme mete that he hadde eten at soper. 1528 Paynell Salerne's Regim. Eijb, Salte meate..is vnholsome for sicke folkes. *577 Googe Heresbach's Husb. 146 A grosse vnholsome kinde of milke. 1622 Peacham Compl. Gent. xv. 193 Hauing your.. reputation abased, while you sit taking your vnwholesome healthes. 1665 Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 473 Their flesh they found to be unwholsom for food. 1726 Leoni Albertis Archit. I. 65 Its water is unwholsom to drink. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 2772, 305 Fever., originating from unwholesome food. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 233 Leprosies, such as strange and unwholesome diet engenders. 1876 Bancroft Hist. U.S. HI. viii. 122 Sick at heart, and enfeebled by unwholesome diet. transf. 1855 Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 202 The water cannot be in any other than an unwholesome state, and unfit for general use.

UNWHOLESOMENESS b. Of places, conditions, etc. c 1455 Pecock Foleuer 22 be witt of smellyng, bi which schulen knowc .. what bodies ben vnholsom if with hem f»ci makcn her ny^ dwellyng. 01533 Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Qjb, For meate corrupteth in an vnholsome potte. 1579 Stevens in Hakluyt Voyages{i$Sat he bicomis aide. Til vnweild [he] bigines to falle.

tun'wield, a. Obs. [un-* 7.] 1. Feeble, weak, impotent; = unwieldy a. 1. Freq. from c 1400 to c 1450. C1220 Bestiary 57 SiSen hise limes arn unwelde. ri250 Gen. Ex. 347 Vn-weldc woren and in win Here owen limes. ? a 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 359 A1 woxen was her body vnwelde. And drie,.. for elde. c 1386-- Reeve's Prol. 32 Dure olde lemes mowe wel been vnweelde. 14.. Sir aeues (L.) 34 He .. W’exed febull and vn-welde. c 1480 Bk. of Brome (1886) 106 Hys body gane vax on-wylld. absol. a 1300 Cursor M. 10539 Sal naman negh j>at vnweild.

2. Difficult or cumbrous to manipulate or handle; unwieldy, rare. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 312 The reyni Storm fell doun algates And al here takel made unwelde. a 1440 Sir Eglam. 309 A clobb of yron .. That was mekylle and fulle unwelde.

Hence f un'wieldness.

Obs.~^

1437-8 Rolls of Parlt. V. 439 In cas that anny of the seide Lordes.. fall to suche unweldnesse or impotence.

un'wieldable, a. rare~K [uN-*7b.] Unwieldy. 1500-ao Dunbar Poems xxvi. 98 Full mony a waistless wallydrag. With wamis vnweildable.

tun'wielded,/)/)/. fl. Obs.-'^ [un-* 6, 8.] Made feeble. a 1300 Cursor M. 23642 b^i [rc. the wicked] sal vnweldid be wit bale.

un'wieldily, adv. [f. unwieldy a. + -ly^.] In an unwieldy or awkward manner; cumbrously. ci6xo Chapman Iliad To Rdr. A 5, Their long words Shewe in short verse, as in a narrow place. Two opposites should meet, with two-hand swords; Vnwieldily, without or use or grace. 1611 Cotgr., /n/iu^i/emen/,.. weakely; vnweldily, vneasily. 1^7 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 623 His finny Flocks about their Shepherd play... Unweildily they wallow first in Ooze, Then in the shady Covert seek Repose. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1. 24 It slides amain, unwieldily, Into the universal sea. 1848 T Aird Summer Day, Noon 39 The cottar’s cow..comes Cantering unwieldily. 1862 Smiles Engineers HI. loi Locomotives.. dragging themselves unwieldily along at.. five or six miles an hour.

un'wieldiness. [f. unwieldy a.] 1. The quality of being incontrollable or unrestrainable; indocility. 1571 Golding Calvin on Ps. iii. 5 Such as either blame fortune, or.. with vnruly rage power out the vnweeldinesse of their sorow. at dose a light trispase To prest or clerk vnwitandly. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 211/1 The prynce that bete y«..did it unwittyngly. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 163 b, Yf a persone .. omyt.. agaynst theyr wyll vnwytyngly ony worde or wordes of theyr duty. 1581 Hanmer Jesuites Banner H4b, Yet was it done of ignoraunce, and vnwittingly. 1626 Jackson Creed viii. xxi. §3 This acknowledgment was first made (though unwittingly) by the multitude. 1654 Bramhall Just Vind. ii. 27 Who.. if he hold any errours unwittingly and unwillingly, doth implicitely [etc.]. 1794 Coleridge Lett. (1895) 112, I unwittingly (for I did not know it at the time) borrowed a thought from you. 1808 Scott Marm. v. xviii, Unwittingly, King James had given, As guard.., The man most dreaded under Heaven By these defenceless maids. 1833 Ht. Martineau Tale of Tyne ii. 24 He unwittingly spoiled their little arrangements. 1883 Whitelaw SophocleSy Trachin. 727 When men have stumbled all unwittingly Anger has pity.

un'wittingness. [f. unwitting ppl. a.] 11. Lack of knowledge; ignorance. Obs. rare. 01300 E.E. Psalter xxiv. 7 Giltes of mine youthe in thoghte And mine un-witandnesses [L. ignorantix] min noght. 1611 Florio, Inscibilita, ignorance, vnwittingnesse. 1668 J. Wilson tr. Erasmus' Praise of Folly (1913) 176 Nor does he cover their crime with any other excuse than that of unwittingnesse—because, saith he, ‘they know not what they do’.

2. Absence of realization; unconsciousness. *873 Mrs. Whitney Other Girls xviii, ‘Why don’t we preach it ourselves,’ said Desire, with inimitable unwittingness. 1876 Meredith Beauch. Career II. iii. 44 A lovely melting image of her stole over him; all the warmer for her unwittingness in producing it.

un'witty, a. [OE. unwittig (un-' 7), ungewittig, = OHG. unwizztg, -ik (MHG. unwitzic), MSw. ovitugher, Norw. uvitug. Da. uvittig. Cf. WANWITTY a.] 1. Lacking or deficient in wit, intelligence, or knowledge; ignorant, unwise, witless. Now rare. c 1000 i^LFRic in Assmann Ags. Horn. 29 5e weras, je wif, and 6a unwittijan cild. C1205 Lay. 786 )?at nan ne beo so wilde, nan swa unwitti pat word talie. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. C. 511 Wymmen vnwytte pat wale ne cou)?e pat on hande fro I>at oj?er. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xvi. 20 In alle these thingus mys felende, or vnwittie, is the herte. c 1450 Lovelich Grail xliii. 410 Wei mown they for folis itold be, and vnwitty & madde. C1490 Caxton Rule St. Benet 120 A token of an vnwytty mynde. 1541 R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. B ij, A Cyrurgyen .. oughte nat to be a foole, vnwytty, nor of rude vnderstandynge. 1584 Hudson Du Bartas' Judith iv. (1608) 60 [Lot’s] wife, that was vnwittie, Cast back her eye. 1617 Bp. Hall Quo Vadis §10, I know not wherein Lewis the Eleuenth shewed himselfe vnwitty, but [etc.]. 1670 Milton Hist. Eng. v. 239 One of her waiting Maids; a Maid .. not unhansom nor unwitty; who [etc.]. 1859 Tennyson Merlin & V. 344 These unwitty wandering wits of mine. absol. ciooo i^LFRic Horn. II. 532 Wei de8 se 6e unwittijum styr6 mid swinglum. jjf [etc.], c 1400 Apol. Loll. 25 Wit> him al pe world schal fi3t a3en pe vnwitti.

fb. Unexperienced in something. Obs. rare. 1594 Daniel Cleopatra 167 Inur’d to warres, in womens wiles vnwitty,. .thou fell’st to loue in earnest.

t2. Of actions, etc.; Characterized by lack or absence of knowledge; senseless, foolish. Obs. c 1200 St. Marher. 6 Stute nu and stew l?ine unwitti wordes. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 54 Qwhilst )?ou herys of pe wityst man vnwittiest dede. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. v. xliii. in Ashm. (1652) 158 Therfore ther Warkes provyth unwytty. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. V, 77, I maruell at his vnwitty doyng and rashe enterprise. 1550 Acts Privy Counc. HI. 73 Those unwitty and superstitiouse vowes. 1587 M. Grove Pelops G? Hipp. (1878) 130 Of vnwittie spending.

3. Not witty or facetious. 1637 Heylin Antid. Lincoln, i. i It was an old, but not unwitty application of the Lo: Keeper Lincolns,.. that [etc.]. 01763 Shenstone Lex'ities, Simile 23 He.. Pours forth unwitty jokes, and swears, And bawls. 1849 Froude Nemesis of Fate ix. 60 He was acute, not unwitty, and with

UNW IVE

UNWORD

267

a sat'otr fatre about him. 1871 \V. Alexander Gihh xviii, A mannic says to me, ‘.. Paul hed nacthin); adec wi’ sic plantin';..'t wusna that oonwutty o’ the carlic.

un'wive, r.

[un-* 3.] trans. person) of a wife. Also refl.

To depriv^e (a

1611 Florio, Dt5mo^/iolede. 1387-8 T. UsK Test. Love l. v. (Skeat)

1. 24 Why, than,.. suffre ye such wrong.. ? Me semeth, to you it is a greet unworship.

UNWORSHIP un'worship, sb.^ rare-^. [uN-‘ 12 + worship sb.] Lack or absence of divine worship. i860 Pl'SKY Min. Proph. 75 All half-belief is unbelief; all half-repentance unrepentance, all half-worship is un worship.

t un'worship, v. Obs. [uN-* 3.] trans. To deprive of honour or dignity; to treat with indignity, disrespect, or irreverence. Also reft. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 462 Men seyen pat pe pope woIc biclippe worldly worchip, & not trewe men for goddis sake, lest he vnworchipe hvm silf. 1387-8 T. Usk Test. Love II. vi. (Skeat) 1. 125 V'et is he worthy, for shrewdnesse, to be unworshipped. 01425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 75 berfor it schal no3t vnworschip [overlined ne schame] a lech for to spede prohtabily with fewer pings and li3ter. C1450 Mirk's Festial i. 87 pe lest synne pat a man doth, hyt vnworshypyth God. a 1470 H. Parker Dives & Pauper (W. de W’. 1496) II. i. 110/2 Graunte vs grace no thynge to do.. wherby thy name sholde be vnworshyped or ashamed in vs.

Hence f un'worshipping vbl. $b. Obs. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus i. 38 Lest parauenture thou falle, and bringe to thi souie vnwrsheping [L. inhonorationem]. c 1400 Love Bonavent. Mirr. (1908) 154 The cause was for the gostly fire of his zele,.. for the vnworschippynge of his fader, c 1450 Myrr. our Ladye 208 The vnworshypynge and offense of god.

1. Unworthy or devoid of esteem or honour. f 1374 Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. iv. (1868) 75 Nero..3af somtyme to pe dredeful senatours pe vnworshipful setes of dignites. c 1471 Fortescue Wks. (1869) 456 Indygence in them is not only unworschipfull, but yt may do the most harme. . 57!, live ti.' 4f. 16x1 Shaks. Wint. T. iv. iv. 544 Your discontenting Father striue to qualifie And bring him vp to liking. 1629 Earle Microcosm. (Arb.) 81 A verse or some such worke he may sometimes get vp to, but seldome aboue the stature of

UP an KpiKram, 1688 Dhvdkn it. Life Xavier i. 10 To Exhort them to live up to the Rules of Christianity. 1748 Biog. Brit. 11. 1305 He was not unacquainted with the antient rules of Poetry, nor was he incapable of writing up to them. 1751 F. CovKNTKY Pompey the Little n. v. 166 A Country Gentleman, who had lived, as it is called, up to his Income. 1827 Far.\day ('hem. \Iamp. iv. (1842) 128 Boiling; at different temperatures will, of course, communicate heat up to their boiling points. 1834 J. H. Nkwman Par. Serm. (1837) I. XX. 313 Such men do not practise up to their knowledge. 1855 Poultry Chron. II. 538/2 Without it amateurs scarcely know what points to breed up to. 1908 Animal \ianagem. 69 Where horses arc called on to work up to their rations.

(b) So as to reach by progression or gradual rise. 17 •• Ramsay Birth of Drumlanrig vii. Your Prince, who late Cp to the slate of manhood run. 1772 Regul. 11.M. Service at Sea 5 I'he youngest Officer shall vote first, proceeding in Order up to the President. 1793 Jefferson nrit. (1830) IV. 482 Money being so flush, the six per cents run up to twenty-one and twenty-two shillings.

(c) As many or as much as; including all below (a specified number, etc.). 1892 Photogr. Ann. 11. p. cl, I'he sizes., up to and including 9 inches focus. 1910 T. .4. Joyce Handbk. Ethnogr. Coll. Brit. Xlus. 259 Good canoes.. carrying up to thirty-six men.

e. Bridge, to lead up to: to lead in a manner which allows (a particular card or suit) to be played from the third or fourth hand. Also after the sb. 1911 L. Leigh Blue Bk. Bridge Auction iii. 97 In a trump deal, if the lead has been a low card the suit cannot be more than moderately strong, and the third hand .. may lead up to a weak holding in Dummy’s hand. 1927 L. Hattersley Auction & Contract Bridge Clarified xxv. 251 The Queen should never be led up to the Ace with the vain idea of making a finesse. 1950 G. S. Coffin Learn Bridge iv. 26 He must lead a 0 away from his king up to dummy's acequeen. 1964 R. L. Frey Official Encycl. Bridge 655/2 The old maxim recommending a lead ‘up to weakness’ is valid but not very helpful. 1973 Reese & Dormer Compl. Bk. Bridge xvii. 223 He leads up to and not away from dummy’s high cards.

27. up until-. = up to——sense 26 c (c). Cf. up till-, sense 25. 1938 Tablet 28 May 698/2 Up until the time when Mit Brennender Sorge and the associated Encyclicals appeared, there was indeed some reason for believing that the idea of Catholic .4ction was to be interpreted more or less in such a manner. 1971 Sci. Amer. Oct. 118/3 b’p until the past few years all the pictures we saw of that world.. seemed less photographic, for all their authenticity, than maplike.

28. up with - ■ -.

UP

279

(Cf. 32.) a. So as to reach.

1659 Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 95, 3 Spanish men of warre .. who .. came vp with vs and fired at vs. 1678- [see cOMEf. 74 c]. 1719 De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 17 Finding the Pirate .. would certainly come up with us in a few Hours, we prepar'd to fight. 1761 Ann. Reg., Chron. 156/2 At five a.m. we got almost up with the chace. 1795 Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 13 As he drew up with the Enemy. 1795 Ann. Reg. i. 15 The Russians.. came up with his rear.

b. to put up with: see put v.^ 56 p (b). c. to draw or take up with: see DRAW v. 89 i, TAKE V. 90 z. IV. I n elliptic uses. 29. a. Used imperatively (with ellipse of verb), as a command or exhortation to action, activity, rising from bed, movement, etc. Cf. up v. 4. a 1300 Cursor M. 2819 Vp loth,.. pat 3ee ne be tint wit j>is cite. 1535 Coverdale Judges iv. 4 Debbora sayde vnto Barak: Vp, this is the daie wherin [etc.]. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Nov. 47 Then vp I say,.. Let not my small demaund be so contempt. 1595 Shaks. John ii. i. 295 Vp higher to the plaine, where we’l set forth In best appointment all our Regiments. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. iii. I Up with the jocund lark (too long we take our rest). 16x7 Hieron Wks. II. 315 Dauid .. was the first which said, ‘Vp, let vs flie!’ 1625 Sanderson Serm. I. 131 Up then with the zeal of Phinehas, up for the love of God and of His people. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 18 Up alaft [«V] to the Top-mast-head, and look abroad. 1733 W. Ellis Chiltern Vale Farm. 5 These with the Thistles, and many others when they get the Dominion, is, up Weed and down Corn. 1798 WoRDSW. Tables Turned 3 Up! up! my Friend, and quit your books;.. Up! up! 1816 Scott Paul's Lett. 181 ‘Up, Guards, and at them,’ cried the Duke of Wellington. 1827 Keble Chr. y’.. Advent Sunday ii. Awake!.. Up from your beds of sloth for shame.

b. With auxiliary or other verbs: To go or come up; to rise. Also rarely without verb. An OE. instance occurs in Genesis 497. 1535 Coverdale Ps. xi[i]. 6, I wil vp (sayeth the Lorde). 1590 Shaks. Mids. N. iv. i. 114 We wilL.vp to the Mountaines top. c 1630 Sanderson Serm. 11. 280 He would up therefore to a higher.. Judge; and that was the Lord. 1637 R. Ashley tr. Malvezzi's David Persecuted 205 I'he great favorites of Princes.. fall headlong, they are gone, they cannot up againe. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gorf. Eng. 1. lix. 184 Perceiving that the Kings spirit would up againe. 1678 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 2 On the 9th the king came .. and sent for the house of commons up. 1727 Swift Imit. llor. Wks. 1755 III. ii. 48 Lewis, the dean will be of use; Send for him up. take no excuse. 1816 Muir Minstrelsy 27 (E.D.D.), Up they till’t like twa game cocks.

30. Followed by a noun in objective relationship to a verb omitted (e.g. hold, raise, pull, etc.). Grig, only with imperative force; now freq. in other uses and tending to assume the function of a verb. (Cf. up v. 3-4.) f 1384 Chaucer IL Fame 11. 1021 Now vp the hede for allc ys wclc. 1628 Rutherford Lett. (1664) 425 Courage, up your heart, a 1751 in A. W'hitelaw Bk. Sc. Song (1866) 29 She rants up some fule-sang, like, Up your heart, Charlie!

1823 Scott Quentin D. xxii, L^p heart, master, or we are but gone men. 1828 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 343. I ‘up gun’ and down came a bird. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exped. xxx. (1856) 264 When the weather is very cold, I up hood. 1854 F. ^ . Mant Midshipman 88 So that I am free to up stick and away. 1891 Kipling Light that Failed viii, He wants to upstakes and move out. Naut. 1829 Marryat F. Mildmay xxiii, We agreed to up helm. 1832 - N. Forster x. As soon as the jolly-boat comes on board we’ll up anchor. 1834 - P. Simple HI. 286 She up courses and took in her topgallant sails. 1840, 1859 [see HELM sb.*i cj. 1859 Bartlett Diet. Amer. (ed. 2), To up jib, to be off. A sailor’s phrase. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 707 8 Up anchor... Up boats!.. L’p courses!.. Up screw! 1893 McCarthy in Westm. Gaz. 9 March 5/1 That moment he and his companions would up steam and make for the shores of Gloria.

31. ellipt. for up with— (sense 32e). colloq. 1937 S. Beckett in A. Chisholm Nancy Cunard (1979) xxiii. 241 Up the Republic! 01966 M. na Gopaleen’ Best of Myles (1968) 330 ‘Up the Prince of Wales’ or something, I suppose. 1980 M. McMullen My Cousin Death (1981) xi. 131 Conor’s taken him off... Up Conor, I say.

32. Up with (also fmid) —.

((if. 28.) a. Denoting the raising of a weapon, the hand, etc., esp. so as to strike. (Cf. up v. 8b.) c 1275 Lay. 23931 Arthur vp mid his spere .. and pungde vppen Frolle. 1387 Trevtsa lligden (Rolls) IV. 355 Judas .. up wij> a stoon and smoot Ruben on J?e hede. c 1400 Gamelyn 535 Gamelyn vp with his staff.. And girt him in pe nek. c 1450 Knt. de la Tour xix. 27 Her husbonde up with his fust, and gaue her .ij. or .iij. gret strokes. 1584 in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 82 The Earle.. up with his fiste and gave the poore man a great blow upon the face. 1610 Healey St. Aug. Citie of God xviii. xiv. 688 Hercules .. one time vp with his harpe and knockt out his maisters braynes. 1689 Hickeringill Ceremony-Monger Concl. iii. He up with his foot, and kick’t it off from the King’s Head. 1704 Swift T. Tub xi. He would down with his knees, up with his eyes, and fall to prayers. 1885 Stevenson Pr. Otto 1. ii, Otto., up with his whip and thrashed him. 1893 Daily Tel. 17 July 6/4 She ‘up with her fist’.

b. Denoting erecting, raising, drawing or pulling up, etc. Chiefly in imperative use. Also up with you! = rise, get up. c 1377 in Minor Poems Vernon MS. 718/99, I ou rede .. pat vch a Mon vp wij? jie hede, And mayntene him boj?e hei3e and lowe. C1460 Towneley Myst. xxiii. 215 Vp with the tymbre[= cross]. 1594 Shaks. .Ric/i.///, v. iii. 7 Vp with my Tent, heere wil I lye to night! a 1596 Sir T. More 11. iii. 24 Vpp with the drawbridge, gather som forces To Cornhill. 1645 J. Fary Gods Severity 26 Can it., be endured that a tree should stand, yeelding no increase?.. No, the good husband-man will up with it. 1816 Byron Siege of Cor. xxii, Alla Hu! Up to the skies with that wild halloo! 1857 Hughes Tom Brown i. vi, ‘Let’s toss two of them together.’.. ‘Up with another one.’ 1863 A. Young Naut. Diet. (ed. 2) 432 Up with the helm. (6) 1809 Malkin Gil Bias vi. i. 9 Up with you! up with you! was the alarum of..Ambrose. 1846 Mrs. A. Marsh Father Darcy 11, iii. 81 Up, up, with you, my master, and it pleas^ou.

c. To drink off, consume. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 30 He demaunded, how that medeicine was to bee taken?.. The seruaunte had aunswered, that he must vp with it all at a draught.

d. To ‘come out’ (something).

with,

to

utter or sing

*594 Nashe Unfort. Trav. A 3 b. He bad me declare my minde... I vp with a long circumstaunce .. and discourst vnto him what [etc.]. 1688 R. L’Estrange Erasm. Colloq. 190 Then Fawn up with his story, and tells him [etc.]. 1766 Goldsm. Vicar xvii, ‘He has taught that song to our Dick.’ .. ‘Then let us have it:.. let him up with it boldly.’

e. Denoting support or advocacy of a person or thing, f to be up with, to commend, praise, laud, extol. Obs. 1592 Nashe P. Fennilesse D i, They., run their words at random,.. and are vppe with this man and that man. 1599 -Lenten Stuffe D 4 b, One is vp with the excellence of the browne bill and the long bowe; another [etc.]. 1643 Trapp Comm. Gen. xxxi. 44 Laban likewise talks a great deal here; and is up with the more, and down with the less, (as they say). 01792 in Statist. Acc. Scotl. H. 436 That song, ‘Up with the souters of Selkirk, and down with the Earl of Hume’. 1815 Scott Guy M. vi, After some clubs had drunk Up with this statesman, and others Down with him. Comb. 1902 G. K. Menzies Prov. Sk. 105 A ‘down-withthe-Lords’ young man, An up-with-myself young man.

33. a. up and —, denoting the act of rising or starting up, accompanied by subsequent action. 13.. Sir Orfeo 96 (A.), Ac euer sche held in o cri. And wold vp and owy. c 1374 Chaucer Troylus 111. 548 Pandare vp and.. straught a morwe vn-to his nece wente. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 180 b, Achilles., vp and gaue hym suche a cuff on the eare, that he slewe hym. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 240 At the sound of their feet he would up and run, and meet them half way. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xxxi. Why didn’t you up, and collar him? 1894 Astley 50 Years Life II. 258 Refreshed. I up and plod on again.

b. With verbs of speaking or saying, implying a sudden or open declaration. 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xxiv. 13-24 Thei.. vp & declare at large vnto Jesus the summe of al y' wholle matier. 1562 T. Wilson Rhet. (ed. 2) 79 The Italian vp and tolde him all. 1611 Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girle 11, He forswore all, I vp and opened all. 0 1639 W. Whateley Prototypes ll. xxxi. (1640) 111 For the man.. up and told them all that had fallen out. 1702 W. J. tr. Bruyn s Voy. Levant xlvi. 181 Whereupon she up and told him all that had passed bemeen them. 1836-7 Dickens Sk. Boz, Mr. W. Tottle ii. He seed her several times, and then he up and said he’d keep company with her. 1880 Mrs. R. O’Reilly Sussex Stories I. 239 She’ll up and speak to the gentry themselves. 1891 R. Boldrewood’ Sydney-side Sax. Introd., I wonder what he would say if I up and asked him for Miss Cissie.

up (Ap), adv.^ Forms: i 6 uppe, 3 6 vppe (5 wppe), 3 Orm., 5 upp (7 vpp), 6 up (7 upe, vf>e); 4 ope, oppe, 45,9 dial. op. [OE. uppe, = OFris. uppa (oppa, opa), OS. uppa, MUu. oppe (uppe), ON. uppe, uppi {lce\. uppi, Norw. and Sw. uppe. Da. oppe), f. upp up adv.' Also in part representing OE. up, upp occasionally used in place of uppe."]

up

adv.\ which is

I. In senses denoting position in space. 1. a. At some distance above the ground or earth; high in the air; on high; aloft. c897 K. .Alfred Gregory’s Poi/ C. xvi. loi Hejescah ane hlaedre standan aet him on eorfian. OSer ende waes uppe on hefenum. 975 O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.). And pa wearft aetywed uppe on roderum steorra on staSole. c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) cxiii. 11 Ys ure se halja God on heofon-dreame, uppe mid englum. c 1200 Or.min Ded. 259 Sannt Johan .. sahh upp inn heffne an boc. fi300 K. Horn 1171 (Laud MS.), Ayol was op in toure. c 1375 Cursor M. 3148 (Fairf ), Vp hey a-pon ^one felle sal pou bren ^i sonc for me. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, v. v. 112 Mount, mount, my soule, thy seate is vp on high. 1603-Meas.for M. ii. ii. 152 True prayers. That shall be vp at heauen, and enter there Ere Sunne rise. 1634 J. Levett Ordering of Bees 23 The ringing of basons... which 1 haue often heard when a swarme is up, or in rising. 1788 Dibdin Poor Jack ii. There’s a sweet little cherub that sits up aloft. To keep watch for the life of poor Jack. 1815 Scott Guy M. v, A flag that’s up yonder in the garret. 1842 Tennyson Lady Clare i, The time when..clouds are highest up in air.

b. Of the heavenly bodies: Risen above the horizon; ascended into the sky. 0 1000 in Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861) 29 Naes se mona pa 5yt uppe. c 1000 Sax. Leechd. HI. 272 On winterlicre tide hi [sc. the Pleiades] beo6 on niht uppe & on d®5 adune. ^1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. 11. 222 Sunne of ri3t\visnes8e is uppe. 1481 Caxton Godfrey Ixxii. 116 In the morne whan the sonne was vp. 1526 Tindale Matt. xiii. 6 When the sun was vppe hitt.. wyddred awaye. 1599 Broughton s Let. v. 15 If the Sunne were vp.. he was punished. 1650 B. Discolliminium 32 If the Sun be down though the Stars be up. 1719 De Foe Crusoe 11. (Globe) 494 Tho' the Moon was up. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Honey ffs The Bees only gather it after the Sun is up. 18x2 Byron Ch. liar. 11. xxi. The moon is up; by Heaven, a lovely eve! 1844 Willis Contempt, i They are ail up- the innumerable stars. transf. X595 Shaks. JO/10 v. v. 21 The day shall not be vp so soone as I.

2. On high or (more) elevated ground; more inland; further from the coast or sea. In OE. also ‘on shore; on land; inland’. Cf. upaland, uponland. Beowulf 566 Hie .. on mer5enne..be y8lafe uppe Isejon. C897 K. Alfred Gregory's Past. C. xxviii. 197 Da Saul hine wolde secean uppe on Csem munte. 0900 Baeda's Hist. in. xxiii. (1890) 230 Se biscop, .him stowe jeceas mynster to jetimbrijenne in heawum morum uppe. 0 X050 O.E. Chron. (MS. D) an. 1016, Da se kyning jeahsade pait se here uppe w®s, l?a jesamnade he .. ealle Engla J>eode. CX560 A. Scott Poems ii. 38 For Sym wes bettir sittin, Nor Will, Vp at the Drum that day. X697 Dampier Voy. 218 The City., is 20 mile up in the (Country, xyxo Tatler No. 254 IP7. I proposed a visit to the Dutch cabbin, which lay about a mile further up in the country. X825 Scott Betrothed xxiii. The Red Pool.. lies up towards the hills. X846-8 Lowell Biglow P. i. Poems (1912) 223 Recollect wut fun we hed..Up there to Waltham plain last fall. 1855 Browning Up at a Villa ii. Up at a villa one lives, I maintain it, no more than a beast.

3. a. In an elevated position; at some distance above a usual or natural level. C897K. i^LFRED Gregory’^ Past C. xxxiii. 222 Swje swa? iu .. w2eron Sa lac forb®rndu uppe on 6am altere. 0 xooo Rood 8 (Gr.), 5immas..fife waron uppe on pam eaxle^cspanne. a X200 Vices & Vertues 95 De postes J?at sculen beren up 6is weorc. c X200 Ormin i 169 All )?att Judewisshe lac batt 3uw her uppe iss shawedd. C1275 Lay. 17495 He bar l>are his croune he3e vppe on his heued. CX275 Doomsday 51 in O.E. Misc. 167 Heo schule iseon b^ne kyng..vppe on pe rode myd stronge pyne abouhte. X377 Langl. P. PI. B. vii. 91 As wilde bestis with wehe [3e] worthen vppe and worchen. 0x400-50 Alexander 198 Quen he was semely vp set with septour in hand. Ibid. 977 (D.), Alexander hys ayre vppe in hys awne trone. X526- [see stay t?.* i c]. 1596 Edward III, III. iii. 134 Edwards great linage,.. Fiue hundred yeeres hath helde the scepter vp. X667 Pepys Diary 22 July, In my Lord’s roome,.. where all the Judges’ pictures hung up. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 68 As you hale him out, keep him up that you may bring no Powder out with the Ladle. X764 Foote Patron i. Wks. 1799 I. 337 He never brought them.. a birth till the christening was over; nor a death till the hatchment was up. X799 Hull Advertiser 13 April 2/1 Cutter-built sloop,.. measures up aloft thirty-two feet. x8x9 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 48 At anes the bells baith up and under Begoud to rattle on like thunder. X855 Bain Senses & Int. 11. ii. §6 An object seems to us to be up or down, according as we raise or lower the pupil of the eye in order to see it. 1899 Daily News 6 Nov. 4/5 The accommodation is limited to one room down and two up.

b. In fig. phrases or expressions. c X386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 675 As doon thise louercs in hir queynte geres.., Now vp, now doun, as bokel in a welle. c X430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode \. Ixxviii. (1869) 46 So michel l>ow didest, what up what doun, pax. to manage bow haddest hire. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 758/1 Wee must.. be readie to forgoe all: wee must alwayes haue one foote vp. X74X Richardson Pamela (ed. 3) I. 199 There I stood, my Heart up at my Mouth. 1749 Walpole Let. to Mann 23 March, Ned’s envy, which was always up at high-watermark. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss, s.v., I can find him nayther up-ner-down; i.e. I can find him no where.

c. Of an adjustable (esp. sliding) device or part: Raised. *599 Shaks. Hen. V, 11. i. 55 Pistols cocke is vp, and flashing fire will follow. x6oo Fairfax Tasso vi. xxvi, Her vcntall vp so hie, that he descride Her goodly visage. x6xo

UP R. \’algman Water-workes P4b. Vnlesse..my seruants suffer the Sluccs to be vpp when they should be dow'ne. 1708 Mrs. CtNTLiVHK Busie Body iv. ii. He has escap’d out of the Window. for the Sash is up. 1764 Mrs. E. Carter Let. to Miss Talbot 3 Feb., The glasses [of the coach] were up and broke to shivers. 1796 SouTHEV Joan of Arc ii. 488, I saw him .. Riding from rank to rank, his beaver up. 1799 Lamb Lett. (1888) I. 112 Travelling with the coach w'indows sometimes up. 1838 J. F. Cooper Excurs. Italy I. 57 We were closely curtained and had the glasses up [in the travelling-carriage]. 1879 Meredith Egoist i. The visitor carried a bag, and his coat-coliar was up. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 407 It closes itself either way, with the piston up or down.

d. colloq. On horseback; riding. Also fig. 1812 J. H. Vai X Flash Diet, s.v., A man who is ‘in swellstreet’, that is, hav ing plenty of money, is said to be ‘up in the stirrups’. 1856 H. Dixon Post IS Paddock vi. 93 His running in a sweepstakes, when Sam [the jockey] was not ‘up’. 1857 G. Lawrence Guv Liv. iii, A match for £50, 10 st. 7 lb. each. Ownersup. Fores's Sporting Notes \\\. 6 To pace the paddock when Archer's up.

e. Of a woman’s hair: worn tied or pinned on top of or at the back of the head, not hanging down; spec, as an indication of entry into adult society. 191X Beerbohm Zuleika D. xiv. 207 Her hair, tied back at the nape of her neck, would very soon be ‘up’. 01976 A. Christie Autobiogr. (1977) iv. i. 166, 1 was now ready to ‘come out’. My hair was ‘up’, which at that period meant.. large knots of curls high up on the head.

t4. Of a gate, door, etc.: Open. Obs. 13.. Cursor M. 24423 (Gott.), All vp [Cott. opind] war fjair grauis sene. 1340 Ayenb. 255 Yet hi vyndet? pe gate oppe, hi guo)? in li^tliche. 1390 Gower Conf. III. 336 The dore is up. and he in wente. c 1480 Henryson Twa Mice xxi, Bot in he went, and left the dure vp wyde. 1550 Crowley Epigr. 118 In seruice tyme no dore standeth vp. Where such men are wonte to fyll can and cuppe.

5. a. High, in respect of the river-bank or shore. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 51 Seuame is ofte vppe and passefp pt brynkes. 1546 Yorks. Chantry Surv. (Surtees) 209 At such tyme when the waters be uppe. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton xiii. (1840) 221 The tide was up. 1844 W. H. Maxwell Wand. Highl. xxxvii, The sea was up. 1882 ‘Mark Twain’ Roughing It vii. 35 The Platte was ‘up’, they said- which made me wish I could see it when it was down.

b. Out of the stomach, etc. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 65 If 1 giue them a Pil to purge their humor, they neuer leaue belking till it bee vp.

c. On or above the surface of the ground or water. 1835 Trans. Zoological Soc. I. 234 By remaining perfectly quiet when the animal is ‘up’ the spectator is enabled to attain an excellent view of its movements in the water. 1854 Ruskin Let. to Miss Mitford 7 Aug., The soldanella.. is.. distinguished for its huri^ to be up in the spring. 1865 G. Macdonald A. Forbes viii. She was as lonely as if she had anticipated the hour of the resurrection, and was the little only one up of the buried millions. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 268 Up, on the bank, or on the surface.

6. a. In a standing posture; on one’s feet; standing (and delivering a speech). (fl) 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3828 Is suerd he drou pere Vor to asaile him perwip, ac pe oper was vp ere. a 1300.1398 (see BEAR V. 18]. c 1^0 Generydes 44 An hert was fownde.., And vppe vppon his fete he was a non. ri450 Mankind 29 (Brandi), O 3e souerens, pat sytt, and 3e brotherne, pat stonde ryghte wppe. 1595 SHAKS.^o/in iii. iv. 137 He that stands vpon a slipp’ry place. Makes nice of no vilde hold to stay him vp. 1613 Withers Abuses Stript i. v. They.. are so quickly up in a bravado. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 164 They were not able without staggering to stand up under it. 1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsem. (1809) 34 The standing up in your stirrups, whilst trotting.., has a most elegant and genteel effect, i860- [see hold v. 44 f]. 1888 J. H. Stirling in A. H. Stirling Life 12) 310 The student up was just translating in the ordinary slip-slop, unthinking fashion. (b) 1657 Burton s Diary (1828) I. 319, I only stood up first, to speak to the orders of the House. But now I am up, I desire [etc.]. 1762 Foote Orator in. Wks. 1799 I. 220 Silence, gentlemen;.. A worthy member is up, 1778 Ann. Reg., Hist. 133/2 The Minister concluded a long.. speech, which kept him full two hours up. 1835 Dickens Sk. Boz, Pari. Sketch, Members arrive., to report that ‘The Chancellor of the Exchequer’s up’. 1899 Daily News 24 March 2/1 He had a comparatively small audience, augmenting in numbers as news went round that he was up.

b. In an upright position. Also bolt, right, straight up: see these words. 1669 Pe^s Diary 3 March, My Lord Mayor did retreat out of the Temple by stealth, with his sword up. 1727- [see sit V. 25 c]. 1859 Tennyson Geraint & Enid 546 Bound on ^00 ^7.-,; [ 9®^® riding with a hundred lances up. 1004, Lillywhite s Cricket Ann. 60 He kept up his wicket until the finish.

c. Erected, built. 1613-39 Jones in Leoni Palladio's Archil. (1742) I. 7 c Building.. is finish'd, but the rest have some pai ot the Basement up only. 1742 Leoni Ibid. II. 60 Of th Rings for Races.. . A third is yet up.., though half-ruinec

d. Baseball. At bat. [1862 A. V. Sunday Mercury 13 July 6/1 Crane came up t open the inning.] 1896 Sun (N.Y.) 13 May 4/1 At th beginning of the tenth inning the score was a tie Va 'iTf^Dy^ Yorker up. 1909 R. H. Barbe Uouble Play xvii. 208 The fourth man up chose a ball to bi liking and sliced it down the first-base line. 1942 I LtALLIco Lou Gehng viii. 97 Koenig was up next, a precisio machine at getting a man along to second with hit c sacrifice. 1976 E. Blackwell in Baseball between Lines 5 1 hey got a man m scoring position with two out and Budd Kerr up.

7. a. Out of bed; risen. Joseph Arim. 234 In J>e morwe he was vppe an roises pis opure. r 1400 Laud Troy Bk. 16992 The sonne 1 r>scn & schynes bryght, And thei are vppe 8c redi dveh 1470-85 Malory Arthur viii. xxv. 311 liake voure rest an

UP

280 loke that ye be vp by tymes. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 149 Go to thy bedde and slepe, and be vppe betyme. 1581 Mulcaster Positions 19 Those people..be drousie when they are vp, for want of their sleepe. 1607 Dekker Westw. Hoe II. i, We.. must be vp with the lark. 1641 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 78. I vas upe this morninge be two acloacke. 1693 Dryden Jutena/ in. 218 In vain we rise, and to their Levees run; My Lord himself is up, before, and gone. 1719 De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 363 Another.. asked, who it was that was up? 1771 Mrs. Haywood New Present for Maid 255 When the family is up, she should set open the windows of the bed-chambers. 1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cr. li, Mrs. Jorrocks,.. and Benjamin, were up with the lark. a 1873 Lytton Ken. Chillingley xiv, C)ne of the young ladies who attended .. to the dairy was already up.

b. Not gone to bed; not yet abed. is Ercedekne.. stifliche heold op hire ri3te. Ibid. 404 au3test more to holden op pane to with-seggen mi power. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. ly. 58 Bot 3if Meede make hit pi Mischef is vppe. 1399 -Rich. Redeles i. 29 pey.. cowde no mysse amende whan mysscheff was vp. 14.. Siege Jerusalem 295 Now is 30ur sorow vppe. 1513- [see keep v. 57 f]. 1537- [see hunt’s-up]. 1582- [see HOLD V. 44g]. 1670- [see keep v. 57 e].

b. Pointing or directed to the stream. 1821 Acc. Peculations Coal Trade 7 Then he recollects there is a punt head up in Mill-hole tier.

c. Towards a place or position; advanced in place.

c\i

forward;

or m senool or college. Ci. sense

1847 Tennyson Princ. Prol. 175 We seven stay’d at Christmas up to read. 1866 Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. 197 The boys were still ‘up’, that is, in school [= Eton]. i886 Law Times' Rep. LIII. 664/2 The permission to remain up during the vacation.

f. Of a foxhound or a follower of the hunt: keeping pace with the fox; present at its death. 1839 ‘Harkaway’ Jrnl. 4 Jan. in E. A. Pease Cleveland (1887) iii. 63 Sly Reynard ran down the lane a field’s len^h, and then took the fields. This gave the leaders a sob ^d the second-raters time to get up. 1889 F. Mason Flowers of Hunt 199 Ride as they might, the pace was so only a select few were on anything like terms with me hounds. eight of us up!’ remarked Tom Chirpington. 1908 Punch 8 Apr. 267/1 Biggest ole dog-fox what e^r I see!.. Nobody up but the Master an’ me! 1972 Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 19 On the second occasion the pack accounted for a brace of foxes, but the Princess’s party was not up at either kill.

9. In miscellaneous uses: a. Facing upward. 1683 Dryden & Lee Dk. of Guise v. i, The w'orld’s.. better now, tis d^nside up. 1852 Morfit Tanning ^ Currying C1053) 209 The skin is stretched over this, with the grain side up. Anthony s Photogr. Bull. IV. 65 The tissue should be completely immersed, face up.

b. Off the ground; in store; in a proper place or receptacle. se^L*^^

^

«^ (= in bed, etc.):

11. a. In a state of prevalency, performance, or progress. (In later use mainly with keep v.)

fb. In power or force. Obs. 1541 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 163 He shold se er he died friers and monks uppe agayn. 1607 Shaks. Cor. iii. i. 109 To know, when two Authorities are .. How soone Confusion May enter. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. ii. 89 They are such beasts as while the Law was up,.. furnished Gods Altar w’ith Sacrifices.

c. Much or widely spoken of, favourably or (latterly) unfavourably.

whether

Cf. the OE. sense ‘disclosed, made known’, and ON. and Icel. uppi, noted, remembered. 1610 Bolton Florus (1836) 265 The name of Caius Caesar was up, for eloquence, and spirit. 1680 V. Alsop Mischief of Imposit. vii. 41 His name being up, he may lie abed till noon. 1766 G. Williams in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1843) II. 33 [He] has again taken to his bed, and now’, since his name is up. there he may lie. 1789. 1809 [see name sb. 5]. 1812 Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 283 He observed his name was up there, and he should be suspected. 1824 Mrs. Cameron Pink Tippet iii. 16 Your name’s up in the town.

d. colloq. Occurring (as a special, unusual, or undesirable event); taking place, going on; amiss, wrong. (Very freq. from c 1850.) 1838 Mrs. Gaskell Let. 19 Aug. (1966) 37, I did not mention a word to Lucy but she must have guessed something was *up'. X849 Alb. Smith Pottleton Legacy ix.

UP 75 He saw somethinK was ‘up’. 1851 Mavhew Lond. Labour I. 21 A shout in answer from the other asks, ‘What’s up?’ 1908 Times 29 May 15'6 We constantly thought that something was going to be up.

e. Amiss or wrong with a person, etc. 1887 Rider HACCARD^ejj vii, There’s something up with that girl.

f. Of food, drink, etc.: ready, served; freq. {tea up!, etc.) as an indication that something is ready to be served, eaten, or drunk, colloq. 1941 J. Smiley Hash House Lingo 55 Vp. This is usually added to another as ‘coffee up’ ‘waitress up’ or 'bread up’ and designates the want or approach of a person or thing. 1950 *D. Divine’ King of Fassarai xxi. 177 They heard her voice, ‘Chow up!’ 1^72 J. Porter Meddler her Murder xi. 138 Grub’s up!.. 1 hem as wants forks can fetch ’em! 1981 J. Wainwright All on Summer s Day 14 ‘Tea up.’ Wooley .. carrying a steaming pot.

12. In senses denoting completion. a. Of a period of time, etc.: Completed, ended, expired, over. (Cf. Uphaliday.) Cf. the same sense of ON. and Icel. uppi, LG. up, Du. op, G. auf. r 1400 Destr. Troy 7207 When the tyme was ourtyrnyt, and pe tru vp, Agamynon pc grekys gedrit in )>e fild. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 86 The king .. commandis.. to lat him pas fne, ..or vp trues, against thame he sal proclayme weiris. Ibid. 235. 1688 Miege Gt. Fr. Diet. 11. S.V., The Quarter is up. 1776 in Sparks Corr. Am. Ret\ (1853) I. 310 Whose time of enlistment will be up in a few days. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxix. He should want a second mate before the voyage was up. 1865 Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xix. viii. (1873) VHI. 240 So that the Ball is up; dress-pumps and millineries getting all locked into their drawers again. 1878 H. C. Adams Wykehamica xv. 268 As soon as morning school was up, there was a general rush.. to breakfast. 1889 ‘J. S. Winter’ Mrs. Bob xxi. As his leave was nearly up, he .. would be off in the morning.

b. Of an assembly: Risen; adjourned; over. 1632 Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry i. ii. The court is vp; make way. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. §255 The Duke said .. that.. all men being upon their feet, and out of their places, he conceiv'd the house had been up. 1711 Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 May, Yet perhaps it may not be till Parliament is up. 1773 Foote Bankrupt iii. W’ks. 1799 II. 126 As both the Houses are up, I shall adjourn.. till their meeting again. 1825 Hone Every-day Bk. I. 492 After parliament’s up. 1853 Dickens Bleak Ho. xxxix. The Chancellor is. within these ten minutes, ‘up’ for the long vacation. 1881 J. Hatton New Ceylon Pref., There was much bustle of departing travellers. Parliament was up.

c. (At) the number or limit agreed upon as the score or game. 1667 Dryden Sir M. Mar-all i. i, Which most mads me, I lose all my sets when I want but one of up. 1680 Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 30 Of Trucks... The Game, because it is sooner up than Billiards, is Nine, and sometimes Fifteen. 1685 Tate Cuckolds-Haven ii. ii. 15 Security and his Wife playing at Putt.. Sec. There’s up, Wynny, there’s up; Come give me my Winnings. 1740 Rich.ardson Pamela II. 259, I had four Honours the nrst time, and we were up at one Deal. 1873 Bennett & Cavendish Billiards 5 The game was twelve up. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 180/2 (Bowls), The game.. is‘up’or won when the number of casts agreed on have been obtained by the winning side.

d. Come to a fruitless or undesired end; ‘played out’. Usu. with game. 1787 Jefferson HVit. (1859) II. 283 Are we to suppose the game already up? 1800 Aurora (Philadelphia) 17 Dec. (Thornton), As the Baltimore paper says, ‘The Jigg’s up, Paddy’. 1838 Dickens O. Twist xix. He feared the game was up. 1848- [see JIG 56.* 5]. 1867 Freeman Norm. Conq. vi. I. 558 Godwine might well think that the game was up.

e. all up, completely done or finished; quite over. Also all U P (ju: pi:). (See also U 5.) 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 322 That’s all up now. 1854 Warter Last of Old Smsires ix. Now corrupted into the simpler saw, ‘It’s all U P—up!’ i860 Whyte Melville Market Harb. 94 Consequently, when you drop into a run, he goes as long as he can, and it’s all U p!

f. Const, with, in previous sense. 1829 P. Egan Boxiana 2nd Ser. II. 243 When time was called, it was ‘all up’ with Bob, and Jem was declared the winner. 1833 Disraeli Cont. Fleming 11. vi, It is all up with him by this time. 1837 Col. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 121 It appears now to be ’all up’ with coast gunning. 1854 R. S. Slrtees Handley Cr. xxxvi Crikey! they’re past! and it’s U P with old Pug. 1888 M^^Carthy & Praed Ladies' Gallery I. ix. 221 It was all but up with me.

g. In other applications. 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 268 A stall or heading is said to be up when it is driven or worked up to a certain line.., beyond which nothing further is to be worked. 1909 Cent. Suppl. s.v., Up,.. in printing, finished; noting completion of a task: as, the chapter is up; the paper is up.

13. a. Higher in the ascending scale in respect of position, rank, fortune, etc.; in a position of affluence or influence. Also fig. (quot. 1791). 1509 Barclay Shyp Folys 17 b, He that lyeth on hye [is] Nowe vp, nowe downe, vnsure as a Balaunce. 1611 Shaks. Cymh. I. V. 39 Which first (perchance) shee’l proue on Cats and Dogs. Then afterward vp higher. 1791 Mme. D’Arblay Diary 4 June, I shall be apt to be rather up in the world, as the folks say, if I tope on at this rate! 1877 Tennyson Harold i. i. For in our windy world What’s up is faith, what’s down is heresy. 1905 in Eng. Dial. Diet. s.v.

b. Increased in power, force, strength, or vigour; actually blowing; ready for action. Also (in Computing), in working condition. Freq. in phr. up and running. Cf. UP TIME and down adv. 17 c. 1547 Boorue Introd. Knowl. 127 Yf the windc be any thyng vp. 1570 Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 111. 2197, i The winde was somwhat vp, and it caused the fire to be y* fiercer. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. v. i. 68 The Storme is vp. and all is on the

281 hazard. 1659 Pell Impr. Sea 500 His often hushing of the winds, when they are up. 1742 R. Blair Grave 32 The wind is up: hark! how it howls! 1833 k Taylor Fanat. i. 16 What shall be the movements of the deep .. when the winds are up! 1848 J. MiTCHEi. Jail Jrnl. 27 May, A Government steamer . lay in the river, with steam up. 1889 Gunter That Frenchman xxi. 298 Steam is up, and the boat is soon ready to leave her dock. 1978 Computing 9 Feb. i/i British Steel’s giant private packet-switched network is up —and running successfully. 1978 Nature 24 Aug. 746/1 The host computer had just broken down, forcing a delay until it could be brought up again. 1983 Austral. Personal Computer IV. 106/3 K lot of other facilities need to be available to make a complete up-and-running software package.

c. Advanced, increased, or high in number, value, or price. 1546 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. II. 175 Th’ exchaunge is vp agen above xxiiij*. 1722 De Foe Plague (1884) 165 The Bill was up at 2785. 1801- [see keep v. 57c]. 1855 Bagehot Lit. Stud. (1879) I. 3 A head full of sums, an idea that tallow is ‘up’. 1887 A. Birrell Obiter Dicta Ser. ii. 93 The price of jCioo stock was up to £340. 1891 Science-Gossip XXVH. 51/1 Six shillings a couple for ducks, and four for teal, as they’re up now.

d. Advanced in years. a 1822 Sir A. Boswell Old Beau iii. Though up in life. I’ll geta wife. 1834 Tail's Mag. I. 417/1 An Irishman, rather up in years. 1884 T. Speedy Sport Highl. ii. 13 Gentlemen who are somewhat up in years.

e. (So many points, etc.) in advance of a competitor. 1894 Times 19 July 7/2 Thev were two up at the third hole. 1900 J. Doe Bridge Man. 61 When the adversaries are 28 up. 1903 Times 6 Feb. 7/6 The former pair winning by three up and two to play. fig. 1919 J. B. Morton Barber of Putney vi, It’s one up to ’im for stickin’ it.

f. At a high or lofty pitch.

UP H. .Ainsworth John Law v. ix. Sir Patrick and I are both wide awake,..so we shall be up to their tricks. 1890 R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer{\^qi) 321 It takes a smart man to be up to chaps of their sort.

(c) Thoroughly acquainted with; expert or versed in; possessing a thorough knowledge of. In frequent use from c 1840. 1800 Lamb Let. to Manning 3 Nov., He does not want explanations .. when you make an assertion; up to anything; down to anything. 1823 Mrs. Sherwood H. Milner in. v. 88 Sam is not up to many things about a horse. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exped. xxii. (1856) 171 They are a .. well-educated set of men, thoroughly up to the histor>' of what has been done by others.

('- • • The two whiskeyfied gentlemen are up with her, however. 1893 Sir G. Chesney Lesters ii. xxi, Lionel.. was the only one quite up with the hounds at the last. fig- 1785 B urns To W. Simpson ix. We’ll gar our streams an’ burnies shine Up wi’ the best. 1899 Werner Capt. of Locusts 41 But I don’t worry myself to keep up with things, as pe^le say.

b. Even with; quits with. Now dial. 1741 Richardson Pamela III. 308 Let me turn myself about, and I’ll be up with you, never fear. Madam. 1778 [W. Marshall] Minutes Agric. 3 Feb. 1775. But I will certainly be up with him to-morrow. 1800 Lathom Dash of Day iv. i, rn be up with her for her deceit, I am determined. 1825 Jamieson s.v., Use be up wi’ him for that. 1899 Cumberland Gloss. 3S\-

IV. 21. Comb\ in phrases used attributively, as up-all-night, up-and-at- em, etc. Cf. up-andCOMING a. 1857’ Dickens Dorrit i. xx, A curious •up-all-night air about it. 1891 S. Mostyn Curatica 158 Chimney tops, and •up-all-night-looking window blinds. 1909 O. H. Ball Their Oxford Year 193 It was always the •up-and-at-’em aspect of things that appealed to him. 1933 Dylan Thomas Let. 25 Dec. (1966) 82 You like the..'up-&-at ’em’., shoutings of Mr. Kipling. 1848 Clough Bothie ii. 59 A sort of unnatural •up-in-the-air balloon-work. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 4 June 7/1 The mere ‘up in the roof ventilation. 1893 K. Sanborn S. California 4 In that brilliant and ‘up-withthe-times city.

t up (ap),Obs. Forms: a. 1-2 uppan, 1-3 uppon (2 huppon), 2-3 uppen, vppen (2 upen, 4 vpen). 3-4 vppe, 2-3, 5 uppe (4 oppe), 2-4 upe, 3-6 vpe (4 ope), y. 3-5 vp (4 op, 5 wp), 3-5 up. [OE. uppan, uppon (in earlier use on uppan

UP ANUPPE prep.), = OFris. uppa (oppa), OS. uppan, f. upp UP adv.^ Cf. OHG. ufan, uffan (MHG. uffen). By gradual loss of the ending (perhaps also by simple assimilation) the prep, finally acquired the same form as the adverbs. A similar reduction (or substitution of the adverbial form) appears in Du. and WFris. op, NFris. up {iih), LG. up, G. au/.]

1. Denoting motion or direction. 1. So as to reach, or be on, by ascension, riooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 30 J?a ferdon big uppan Oliuetes dune, a 1122 O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1083, Sume of fiam cnihtan ferdon uppon pone uppflore. C1205 Lay. 26005 Heo..sti3en up pan hulle. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4179 po he com vpe pe hul an hey. 1422 Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 166 The Philosofre lepid vp the mule.

b. Denoting arrival upon (a coast, etc.) from sea. c 1205 Lay. 13970 Heo dro3en heore scipen uppe pe lend. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 362 po he was iwar J?at such folc was armed .. vp his londe.

2. On or upon. (In various contexts.) f 960 Rule St. Benet Iviii. (Schroer) 100 Sona swa he p£et jewrit uppan Sam altare leege, beginne pis fers. riooo Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 44 Se pe fylS uppan pysne stan, he byS tobrysed. c 1175 Lamb. Horn. 35 [}>e] saulc .. ne mei abeoren alia pa sunne pe pe mon uppon hire deS. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 21 pe holie gast wile cumen uppen pe. ri205 Lay. 6504 And pet deor he smat a-nan uppe pat h*ued-bsen. Ibid. 13257 he crune he nom an honden; he setten heo vppe Costance. a 1225 Aticr. R. 286 Slep go uppe pe ase pu lokest peron [^r. holy reading], c 1250 Oivl & Night. 1625 Me may vppe [v.r. up one] smale sticke Me sette a wude in pe pikke. 1297 R. Glouc (Rolls) 3624 po pe ni3t vpe horn com. a 1325 Prose Psalter lii. 3 God loked fram heuen vp mennes sones. Ibid. liv. 4 Drede of dep fel vp me. Ibid, cxviii. 135 Li3t pi face vp pi seruant. 1340 Ayenb. 210 Ssete pe dore ope pe. *377 Langl. P. pi. B. xi. 203 For-pi loue we as leue bretheren shal and vche man laughe vp other. C1391 Chaucer Astrol. ii. §1 Rekene.. which is the day of thi monthe & ley thi reule vp that same day. 14.. Cron. Eng. (Caxton) ccxxiii. 222 Thousandes fell to the ground eche vp other in to a hepe.

b. Denoting desire: After, for. a 1200 Vices & Virtues 51 Alle 36 Adames children Se bieS lustfull uppe newe wastmes.

3. a. In hostile encounter with or attack on; in active opposition to. 874 - M usical Form 63 The second phrase concludes with the third of the tonic, but at the up-beat.

2. Pros. a. An anacrusis, b. An arsis or stressed syllable. 1883 H. M. Kennedy tr. Ten Brink's E.E. Lit. 194 Orm reproduced the foreign metre with pains-taking accuracy. The up-beat {auftakt, anacrusis) never fails. 1899 D. Hyde Lit. Hist. Irel. xxxviii. 532 If we take it for granted that the syllables in which rhyme or alliteration appear must also bear the accent or up-beat of the voice. 1942 j. C. Pope Rhythm of Beowulf 49 Anacrusis derives its effect.. from being placed in the up-beat or arsis. >948 S. O. Andrew Postscript on Beowulf 120 Anacrusis is an introductory unstressed up-beat.

3. fig. An optimistic or positive mood, development, etc.; a pleasant occurrence. 1950 C. McCullers in Theatre Arts Apr. 28/1 The publisher says this character must not die and the book should end on an ‘up beat’. 1955 N. Y. Times Mag. i May 28 {heading) Upbeat for modern dance. 1969 H. W’augh Young Prey xiii. 118 Breakfast with a pretty airlines hostess .. was Frank Sessions’ only upbeat of the morning. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 31 July 17/6, I don’t think he’s going to end tragically—he’s in the classic sense a comic character, on the upbeat rather than the down.

upbeat, a. [f. the sb.] colloq. (orig. and chiefly U.S.). Cheerful, happy; hopeful, optimistic, positive; lively, vigorous. 1947 N.Y. Herald-Tribune (U.S.) 26 Sept. 16 {heading) Dizzy Gillespie, Yardbird Parker, Thelonius Monk get nod in up-beat set. 1952 Variety 2 Jan. 5, ’51 was ‘Up-beat’ but ’52 looms as ‘Challenge Year’, li^bi john o' London's 25 May 591/3 Diana Sands as Beneatha brings a much-needed touch of up-beat comedy. 1965 Punch 25 Aug. 275/2 Like Queen Victoria I am inordinately cheered up by the delivery of pieces of upbeat information, not merely about my own luck, but about others, even. 1977 C. McFadden Serial (1978) xxvi. 58/2 I’m feeling a lot more upbeat about Gregor now. 1984 Times 27 Mar. 10/2 {heading) Upbeat mood as Hongkong talks start again.

upbeild, obs. Sc. variant of upbuild v. up'bigged, pa. pple. Sc. [up- 5 + big v. 4.] Built up. Also up'bigger; up'bigging vbl. sb. c X425 Wyntoun Cron. v. vii. 1280 lerusalem in his tyme gert he Weill agane vpbiggit be. 1514 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 91 Dikkis..to be vpbiggit apoun the expensis of the land. 1563 Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 247 Ordanis all paroche kirkis.. quhilkis ar decayit.. to be reparit and upbiggit. a 1897 in R. Murray Hawick Songs (ed. 3) 65 Till it seems.. A whole fairy city, upbiggit wi’ stars. 1562 WinJet Wks. (S.T.S.) H. 3 The.. ’wpbigare of the wallis of lerusalem. 1525 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 113 The reparat[i]oun and *upbiging of thair portis. 1562 Win?et Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 6 To be a faythful souldiour.. in the wpbigging of thir haly wallis.

up'bind, V. [up- 4. Cf. Du. opbinden. Da. opbinde, Sw. uppbinda^ G. aufbinden.] trans. To bind up. 1590 Spenser F.Q. ni. iv. 40 His gricsly wound:.. which hauing well vpbound. They pourd in soueraine balme. 1596 Ibid. IV. xi. 52 [They] haue the sea in charge to them assinde. ..To bring forth stormes, or fast them to vpbinde. 1650 Metr. Ps. Ch. Scotl. cxlvii. 3 Their painfull wounds he

UPBLAZE

288

tenderly up-bindes. 1746 Collins Ode to Peace iii, O Peace, thy injur’d robes up-bind.

reproach. Orig. const, with dative of person, later with to or against. Obs.

upblaze, -blazing: see up- 4, 6.

For the use of up- in this connexion cf. the Scottish and northern to cast up to (one), cast v. 83 i, the modern to bring up against (one), and the dial, to throw up against. a. ciooo Wulfstan Horn. 248 pact hu paet god jefylle, pe pu canst, pe laes pe {v.r. eow] God upbrede hone godspellican cwide [etc.]. e ancre neuer more per efter hene ilke gult ne upbreide hire, a 1250 Owl & Night. 1414 Ne schal no mon wymman bigrede & fleysses lustes hire vpbreyde. C1290 Beket 1748 in S. Eng. Leg. 1.156 Wei ofte pe king him opbraid hat he dude him er of guode. 1542 Udall Erasm. Apoph. 240 Lest the others might thynke niggardship to bee upbraided unto hym, and cast in his teeth. 1583 Golding Calvin on Deut. clxxii. 1068 It shall bee vpbraided vs that wee haue turned our heartes backe. 1625 Bacon Ess., Envy (Arb.) 513 It doth vpbraid vnto them their owne Fortunes; And pointeth at them. 1631 Gouge Gods Arrows in. §60. 294 This is not upbraided to David as a crime. 1672 Dryden Defence of Epilogue [p2 It was upbraided to that excellent poet, that he was [etc.]. 1718 Prior Solomon i. 293 May they not justly to our Climes upbraid Shortness of Night, and Penury of Shade. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 343 That we purge ourselves of the cryme of novelty, falsly obbraydid agaynst us by Osorius. 1^2 R. T. Five Godlie Serm. 143 First reproouing them of errour, and afterwards obraiding against them the cause thereof.

t up'blowing, z'i/. sA. Obs. [up-7.] Inflation. 1527 Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters Fii, In lyke wyse synketh the great.. upblowynge of the tongue. 1562 Turner Baths 8 It is good for them that have .. windines or upblowyng of the bellye.

upblowing, pres, pple.: see up- 6. up'blown, pa. pple. and ppl. a. [up- 5.] Blown up; esp. inflated, puffed up. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 21 His belly was vp-blowne with luxury. 1596 Ibid. v. i. 17 He, whose spirit was with pride v'pblowne. 1810 Crabbe Borough xvi. 44 With wine inflated, man is all upblown, And feels ^ower which he believes his own. 1828 Tennyson Lover's T. il. 175 One morning when the upblown billow ran Shoreward.

up'boil, V. [up- 4.] a. intr. To boil \xp\fig. to rise up hotly, fh. trans. To cause to boil.

Obs.

1435 Misyn Fire of Love 79 Behald, myn inhir partis has vpbolyd [L. efferbuerunt]^ & pe flawme of charite..has wastyd. ^1440 Pallad. on Husb. x. 188 Vpboile hit thenne .And stere hit vntil honythicke it renne. 1555 Lydgate's Chron. Troy ii. xiii. liv/i She wepeth.. With wawes vpboyled from her eyen clere. e stede.. vp-leped, & faire wij? his fore fet kneled doun to grounde. a 1560 Phaer JEneid ix. (1562) F fi, The wyld seas meeting mixe, and darkning skyes vpleapes y' sands. x6oo Fairfax Tasso in. xlix. But now Rinaldo from the earth vp lept. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude v. 441 And, now and then, a fish up-leaping snapped The breathless stillness. 1888 R. Buchanan City of Dream viii. 152 The sable steed upleapt And bounded on.

UPLIFTMENT

298

c. Sc. To make proud. (Cf. uplifted/)/)/. 0.3.) 1863 Jean L. Watson By-gone Days 176 Though she was sae bonny, that never seemed to uplift her. d. To elevate morally. (Cf. uplifted/>/)/. a. 2.) 1883 Fairbairn Stud. Relig. & Theol. (igio) 94 The re^neration that changes the man and uplifts the life. 1890 J. PuLSFORD Loyalty to Christ I. 53 That He may be able to uplift and bless men.

2. To lift up to a higher level or more erect

up'leaping vbl. sh. and ppl. a. (up- 6 and 7.)

position; to raise, rear, erect.

1867 ‘Ouida’ Idalia xxxiii, A sudden upleaping of the vivid life within him. 1885*94 Bridges Eros & Psyche Dec. xxvi. Its little rill is an upleaping jet Of cold Cocytus.

01340 Hampole Psalter ci. ii Vpliftand pou downsmate me. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 48, I uplifte Min hefd with that. a 1400-50 Alexander 805 b^n Alexander in ane ire his arme vp-liftis. CX440 Ipomydon 1911 Hys swerd in bothe handis he toke.. And hertely be dyd it vplyfte. X582 Stanyhurst JEneis iv. (Arb.) 102 Theese woords, vplifting both his hands, he toe luppiter vttred. 1590 Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 46 The gentle knight her soone with carefull paine Vplifted light, and softly did yphold. 1606 Shaks. Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 211 Slaues.. shall vplift vs to the view. 1667 Milton P.L. VI. 646 They pluckt the seated Hills.., and by the shaggie tops Up lifting bore them in thir hands. 1757 Dyer Fleece ll. 234 Soon.. the huge stone Up-lifting to the deck, [they] unmoor’d the bark. 1784 Cowper Ta^ iv. 274 The glowing hearth .. With faint illumination, that uplifts The shadow to the ceiling. 1820 Shelley Promet/i. Unb.\. 159 At thy voice her pining sons uplifted Their prostrate brows. 1846 Hawthorne Mosses 1. i. 7 The boy uplifted his axe. X887 Spectator 7 May 626/1 Some internal force has up-lifted the earth’s crust along a certain line. *594 Spenser Amoretti Ixxxii, I.. shall all be spent, in setting your immortall prayses forth. Whose lofty argument vplifting me, shall lift you vp vnto an high degree. 1846 Mangan Poems (1903) 24 On thy knees Uplift thy soul to God alone.

upled^ -lent: see up- 5. 'uplift, sb. [up- 2. Cf. next.] 1. a. The fact of being raised or elevated. a 1845 Willis David's Grief for Child 28 His brow Had the inspired up-lift of the king’s. 1890 Stanley Darkest Africa 1. xvi. 413 There was uniform uplift and subsidence of the constantly twirling spear blades.

b. spec. An elevation or rise in level, esp. of a portion of the earth’s surface. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xvii. (1856) 128 The false horizon, which I had selected as an index of the uplift. 1856 - Arct. Expl. II. vii. 82 Indicative of secular uplift of coast. 1878 Whittier Seeking Waterfall xix, The grand uplift of mountain lines. 1882 U.S. Rep. Free. Met. 619 The assun^tion of an uplift or elevation of the Sierra Nevada.

2. fig. An elevating effect, result, or influence in the sphere of morality, emotion, physical condition, etc. In very common use after 1890. 1873 Holland .(4. Bonnie, i. 22 But it is impossible that he could know what an uplift he gave to the life to which he ministered. 1885 E. F. Byrrne Etitangled II. ii. viii. 255 The uplift of the heart.. towards a sterner and more austere allegiance to duty. 1889 Lancet 28 Sept. 661/1 The rapidity of the uplift in health in many of the cases. 1893 K. L. Bates Eng. Relig. Drama 195 The uplift and the glory of concemion melted and were gone.

3. The support or lift gained from a garment that raises part of the body, esp. the bust; the (part of the) garment which achieves this. 1929 Radio Times 8 Nov. 435/3 A supporting stocking... Its gentle uplift massaging action has a beneficial effect upon the varicose veins. 1934 Times 22 ]ur\e 17/6 The skirt covers neatly fitting trunks and clings closely to the figure; the top has a knitted uplift. 1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man xxv. 297 Bras the uplift of which will put a new lust into the hearts of these citizens. 1957 Daily Mail 25 Oct. 10/4 When the vulgarity of too much uplift, too much emphasis on the female form finally overwhelmed us Dior sensed it before we did. 1959 Housewife June 22 The bra that gives a natural uplift.

4. An increase (in prices, wages, etc.). 1949 Times 26 Oct. 5/5 The whole conception of uplift.. assumes that the manufacturer of consumer goods has .. two prices, one for sales to the wholesaler and one for direct sale to the retailer. 1952 Sunday Express 15 Nov., These appliances are given an uplift of 100% between the maker and the public. 1955 Canadian Taxjrnl. III. 99 If the price of the transaction differed [from normal].. an uplift would be applied to the actual sale price to determine price for tax purposes. 1962 E. Godfrey Retail Selling Organization XV. 158 If goods normally purchased through a wholesaler are bought at a lower price direct from a manufacturer, they may be subject to uplift. 1979 Daily Tel. i Dec. 21 The Ford agreement, .consists of a 20 5 p.c. uplift in wages plus an extra i p.c. to cover an increase in the supplementary payment.

5. attrib. a. In sense 2. 1915 Sphere 23 Jan. 110/2, I find in an American paper a scornful reference to one of the ‘uplift’ magazines. 1930 J. Buchan Castle Gay ii. 32 Thomas was beginning to be much in request by uplift societies. 1940 R. S. Lambert Ariel & all his Quality ii. 50 The ‘uplift’ experiment.. fell between .. the professors of adult education.. and the broadcasting experts. 1977 B- Johnson Enemies of Society ix. 122 Schneider and Dornbusch identified four common characteristics in the religion idealized in these uplift books: activism, optimism, individualism and pragmatism.

b. uplift bra(ssi^re), a brassiere that provides uplift (sense 3 above). 1932 Week-End Rev. i Oct. 373/1 An ‘up-lift’ brassiere would make you look rounder, of course. 1949 M. Mead Male & Female iv. 80 Far enough removed from the up-lift bras and the way Grandfather looks when Grand-daughter wears one of them. 1957 J. D. MacDonald Executioners (1959) vii. 134 She wore nothing under pants and blouse except an uplift bra. 1977 E. J. Trimmer et al. Visual Diet. Sex (1978) iv. 51 The flavour of that era of uplift bras and pencil-skirts is still nostalgically preserved.

up lift, V. [up- 4. Cf. MSw. uplypta, -lyfta, etc. (Sw. upplyfta), MDa. oplyfte (Da. oplofte), and uplift(ed pa. pples.] 1. a. trans. To elevate in rank, honour, estate, or estimation. Also absol. Now rare. 1338 Bhunne Chron. (181 o) 72 pe Londreis .. Him for ^r kyng vplift, his name was kald Edgar, a 1340 Hampole Psalter, etc. 501 Lord makis pore and he makis riche: he mekis and he vpliftis. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 27 Alisaundre put hem under,.. So that the Monarchie lefte With Grecs and here astat uplefte. I554“9 Songs Gf Ball. Phil. & Mary UKoxb.) 3 Por of balefull branches and fvere brandes of hel I o be members of mersye he hathe us up lyfft. i6n Shaks. ^ 103 Your low-laide Sonne, our Godhead will vplift. iB^Pvsey Minor Prophets 593/1 He uplifts ordinary mmgs, that they too should be sacred. 1863 Kinglak'e Crimea I. p. x. That which will uplift the repute of the fartamed Russian infantry,

tb. To support, assist. Obs.-' 1338 R. Brpnne CAron. (1810) 55 pci said he did inouh, be erle allc vplift, be kyng forgaf his wrahe.

3. a. Sc.

To collect, levy (rents, etc.); to draw

(wages). 1508 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 256/2 The males, proffitis and dewiteis to rais, uplift and inbring. 1553 Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 139 Under the pane of xl lib., to be upliftit and takin of every Provest. 1617 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1848) II. 354 Vnder the paines following, to be vplifted of the contravenar as oft as they be., convict. 1646 Z. Boyd in Zion’s Flowers (1855) App. 31/1, I. .give the.. Colledge full power to uplift the same. 1710 in Nairne Peerage Evid. (1874) 44 Since we have uplifted two thousand of the three thousand merks due to him. 1753 Stewart's Trial 250 That Glenure.. had employed him to uplift the rents from the other tenants. 1869 Act 32 & 33 Viet. c. 116 §7 A power.. to enter.. the lands disponed in securi^, and uplift the rents thereof. 1895 Crockett Cleg Kelly xii, He endeavoured to uplift his week’s wage before it was due. b.

More

generally,

to

collect

or

pick

up

(something other than money); spec, of a bus: to take up (passengers).

Chiefly Sc.

1961 Alexander's {Midland) Bus Timetable, Falkirk 171 Only passengers who are travelling beyond Milngavie Cross will be uplifted between Glasgow (Buchanan Street) and Milngavie Cross. 1967 E. Rudinger Wills & Probate 109 The court is asked to confirm that the,executors who have sworn the inventory are the persons entitled to up-lift and administer the various items of estate listed in the inventory. 1968 'S. Jay’ Sleepers can Kill xvii. 175 Somebody.. has left a message for Felson. The objective is to uplift the message without being detected. 1976 Buses XXVII. 421 Nearempty SBG buses, none allowed to uplift potential passengers, glide into town. 1982 G. Hammond Uame xii. 129 The letter was waiting at the airport for him. I checked up yesterday, and the letter was uplifted.

4. a. = RAISE t). 13. 1816 Scott Bl. Dwarf xiii, When he first uplifted the psalm in presence of those persons. 1847 Emerson Dsemonic ^ Celest. Love 26 New flowerets bring, new prayers uplift. a X850 Bryant Earth 43 Earth Uplifts a general cry for guilt and wrong. 1887 Bowen JEneid vi. 174 All now., uplift their voices in grief. b. = RAISE vf 34.

Cf. sense 4 of the sb.

1962 E. Godfrey Retail Selling ^ Organization xv. 158 The Inland Revenue Department uplifts the price to what the goods would have cost had they been purchased through a wholesaler. 197X Timber Trades Jrnl. 14 Aug. 45/2 Devaluation of sterling.. technically should have had the effect of uplifting import prices by 16-7%. Uplift , pa. pple. and ppl. a.

[up- 5. See lift v.]

= uplifted. 1303 R. Bhunne Handl. Synne 7086 Aimes.. ys a 3yfte; And for pe 3yuyng, man ys vplyfte. 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 987 Wyth ly3t louez vplyfte pay loued hym swype. 1667 Milton P.L. i. 193 Satan talking to his neerest Mate With Head up-lift above the wave. 1748 Richardson Clarissa VI. 63 How many .. admirers, with up-lift hands, I should havel a 1822 Shelley Fragm. Unf. Drama 239 O friend, sleep was a veil uplift from Heaven. 1841 Kingsley Palinodia 2 Torrent-furrowed slopes. And bare and silent brows uplift to heaven. 1868 Geo, Eliot Sp. Gipsy i. 60 A figure lithe, .. now stood With ripened arms uplift and regal head.

eyes Attests th’ all-seeing Sovereign of the skies. 1748 Richardson Clarissa VII. 125 This dame in efffgie, with uplifted head and hand. 1822 Scott Nigel xiv, ‘Now, Heaven bless you, my lord,’ said Richie Moniplies, with uplifted eyes. 1868 Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 225 These table-lands .. are the u^ifted beds of an ancient ocean. 1887 Bowen dEneid iv. 246 The uplifted crest and the proud Slopes of the age-worn Atlas. fis- *595 Spenser Col. Clout 816 So we him adore With humble hearts to heauen vplifted hie. 1805 Wordsw. Prelude v. 226 Yet I., will pour out Thanks with uplifted heart.

b. Exalted in fame; renowned. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. Prol. vi. Yet so from low to high vplifted is your name. X885 Tennyson Balin Gf Balan 491 A name.. Which our high Lancelot hath so lifted up. And been thereby uplifted.

2. Elevated spiritually.

intellectually,

morally,

or

c 1454 Pecock Folewer 15 pe more a man .. takil> into him of kunnyng, pe more is his resoun vp liftid. 1548 Geste Pr. Masse Hijb, With our myndes eleuate and vplifted. x8i8 Shelley Eugan. Hills 360 The winds whose wings rain balm On the uplifted soul. 1839 Bailey Festus 46 Are they not worthy of a deathless state; A boundless scope; a high uplifted life? 1890 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ I. 116 Ye gladdened and uplifted ones, come ye aside also awhile with Jesus.

3. Elated; rendered proud. Now Sc. and north, dial. 1606 Shaks. Tr. (s? Cr. iii. ii. 175 Or that perswasion could but thus conuince me,.. How were I then vp-lifted. 1747 Mem. Nutrebian Crt. II. 82 Maillan, excessively up¬ lifted with the imagined advancement of his daughter. 1823 Scott Quentin D. xvi. He said, that.. they were uplifted in heart because of their wealth and their privileges. 1897 W. Beatty Secretar xii. Being so uplifted at the part I was like to play.

4. Raised in utterance. 1828 Atherstone Fall of Nineveh I. 114 Them..with proud uplifted voice. Thus Azareel bespake. 1863 Miss Braddon Aurora Floyd xiii, Did the unlucky speculators .. hide themselves while the uplifted voices were rejoicing?

Hence up'liftedness. 1893 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 387/1, I hate the coldness and upliftedness of religion.

up'lifter. [f. uplift vJ] 11. Sc. A collector (of rents, etc.). Obs. *5^5'"^ Eeg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 47 The upliftaris of the said taxt. 1641 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 159 He hes constituted the said James Montgomerie uplifter thairof [sc. of the king’s rents].

2. One who raises or elevates. 1650 Metr. Psalms Ch. Scot. iii. 3 Yet thou my shield, and glory art, th’ uplifter of mine head. 1884 Tennyson Becket I. i, Henry the King hath been .. mine uplifter in this world. 1890 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ I. 57 Henceforth he should be a man of influence, and a great uplifter of men.

3. N. Amer. One engaged in social reform; a ‘do-gooder’. 1923 [see do-good]. 1935 S. Lewis It can't happen Here xvii. 191 Social workers, both amateurs and long-trained professional uplifters. 1971 J. H. Gray Red Lights on Prairies iv. 97 As the publisher of the paper explained when uplifters complained .. it was no part of the responsibility of a newspaper to police the morals of its tenants.

up'lifting, vbl. sb. [up- 7, or f. uplift v.] 1. The action of raising or lifting up; an instance of this. Also^g. 1548 Geste Pr. Masse H iv, Can ther be made to god.. an effectual prayer withoute an vplyftinge of oure hartes vnto hym? 1650 Metr. Psalms Ch. Scot. cxli. 2 Let.. the uplifting of my hands [be] as th’ evening sacrifice. 1834 Tait's Mag. 1. 693/1 An uplifting of the horse’s hind heels. 1844 Kinglake Eothen xv, There was an uplifting of arms, and a repeating of words. 1886 Hall Caine Son of Hagar i. v. With an eloquent uplifting of the hand.

b. Geol. Elevation in level; an upheaval. *833-4 J- Phillips Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 685/2 The uplifting of the Western Alps. 1855 Orrs Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 51 The uplifting and dislocation of strata. 1881 Q. Rev. July 102 Upliftings and downcasts of strata.

2. Sc. Collection, levying (of rents, etc.). 1594 in Spalding Club Misc. I. 9 All receaving vplifting vptacking or intrometting with off ony maillis. 1640 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 128 Unless your lordship caus hasten the uplifting and peyment of all that is dew. 1706 in J. J. Vernon Parish of Hawick (1900) 201 Collectors for the uplifting and inbringing of the stent.

3. The action of the verb, in various senses.

3.]

1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch. xii, There was heard within the uplifting of a Scottish psalm. 1826- Woodst. v, A crowning mercy—a vouchsafing—an uplifting. 1899 A. C. Benson Life E. W. Benson II. 232 They excluded a source of sacred pleasure and divine uplifting from their lives.

1670 in Paterson Hist. Regality Musselburgh (1857) 26 An annual rent of 2400 merk upliftable furth of the said toun.

uplifting,/)/)/. a. [up-6b. Cf. uplifts.] That uplifts or elevates. Chiefly

up'liftable,

a.

Sc.

rare~^.

[f.

uplift

v.

Leviable.

uplifted, pa./)/)/«. and ppl. a. [up- 5. Cf. uplift V. and pa. pple.]

1. Raised, elevated, held up; also fig., exalted in estate. 01300 E.E. Psalter xxxvi. 37 Vphouen I saw lie wicked man And lifted [H. uplifted; L. elevatum] als cedre of Yban. Ibid. Ixxxvii. i6, I am up-lifted [L. exaltatus], I am meked. C1410 Lanterne of Lijt 129, 1 haue sen pe vnpitiuouse.. ^haunsid & vplifted as pe cedre trees of Liban. 1593 Shaks. Rich. II, II. ii. 50 The banish’d Bullingbrocke.. with vphfted Armes is safe arriu d At Rauenspurg. 1630 Milton Solemn Music 11 Where the bright Seraphim .. Their loud up-lifted Angel trumpets blow. X667-P.L. i. 347 Th’ uplifted Spear Of their great Sultan waving to direct Thir course. X725 Pope Odyss. ii. 424 The matron with uplifted

1818 Shelley Homer’s Hymn Sun 20 The light vest.. Glows in the stream of the uplifting wind. 1881 [see uplooking]. 1889 E. W. Benson in Life (1899) II. 290 A friendship.. of which every hour was uplifting. 1896 in Daily News 24 Feb. 3/3 To-day it [sc. the Salvation Army] is one of the greatest uplifting forces in the country.

upliftment. Chiefly Black and Indian English. [f. UPLIFT V. + -ment: see up- 2.] The action or process of improving or raising to a new standard; spec, amelioration of economic or social conditions; the result of this. 1926 Brit. Weekly 15 Apr. 46/3 Native women of the educated class might be potent influences in the upliftment and betterment of their people, 1973 Caribbean Contact Feb. 11/3 A company of West Indians formed for the

UPLIGHT economic upliftment of the people of the region. 1976 Nigerian Chron. ig Aug. 12/2 Mr Onette congratulated the people of Osomba . for their initiative towards educational up-liftment in their community. 1979 P. Nihauani et al. Indian & Brit. Eng. 1. 187 The upliftment of the rural areas should be a top priority for the government. 1984 Times 25 Aug. 5/2 His immediate priorities would be the economic and educational upliftment of his people.

'uplight. [up- 2.] = next. 1982 Program igSg/Sj (Erco trade catal.) 56 Up-lights arc the free-standing version of downlights. They illuminate the ceiling. 1983 Homes & Gardens Mar. 92/2 We decided to have uplights to cast light on to the fabric.

'uplighter. [up- 2.] A light placed or designed to throw illumination upward. 1969 Queen 17-30 Sept. 96/2 Rotaflex uplighters in plain black cans, shining on, say, a picture. 1974 Habitat Catal. 116/1 Uplighter .. to stand on the floor or a low table to light a strategically placed plant or shapely object. 1978 J. Krantz Scruples iii. 67 He installed three ten-foot-tall Kentia palms he got wholesale at Kind’s, lit them from underneath with uplighters. 1983 Homes & Gardens Nov. >37 Best lighting for watching television comes from an uplighter placed behind the set; it cuts down glare and avoids reflections on the screen.

'uplink, [up- 2.] A communication link for transmissions from the earth to a satellite, weather balloon, etc. Freq. attrib. 1968 W. M. Griggs A MSS Prototype Radiosonde (Rep. AD-680-409) 4 The radiosonde is designed to perform two functions... As a transponder, it must receive the uplink range tones. 1975 5fi. Amer. June 127/1 Since its launch in late 1972 it has offered a repeater service open to all, with an uplink at two meters and a downlink at 10. 1982 Neto Scientist g Sept. 682/1 These ’uplink' signals are at frequencies between 5 9 and 6 4 gigahertz.

up'lock, V. [up- 4 + LOCK t).‘] tram. To lock up. i5oo Fairfax Tasso xix. xxxix. Come, come,.. Thy selfe within this fortresse safe vplocke. 1611 R. Badley Panegyr. Verses in Coryat Crudities. Thy bitter journey.. Deserv’d the sweetest wines Piemont up-locks. 1689 in Law Hampton Court Pal. (1891) III. 9 Then Renting up-locks His King in a box.

299 up* etc., L»G. upmaken^ G. aufmachen to put up, etc.] 1. trans. To make up for (a defect or lack); to supply or fill up where there is a deficiency. 1485 Sf. Acts Parlt., Jas. Ill (1814) II. 172/1 )>e werk to be brokin, the werkman to vpmak pe avale to be finacc foresaid. 1526 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. , ,4 To cloise the tovnn, and bred the portis of the same, and oupmak all wydis and waistis.

2. To construct, build. 1507 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 77 [He] sale. . big, oupmak,.. and complet the xxxiiij stallis in thar queir.

up'met, pa. pple. 'up,making, vbl. sb. [up- 7.] 1. Sc. The action of making up, in various senses. *5*3 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I- 84 The biggin and vpmakin of that blokhouse for thair artailzerie. 1681 R Fleming Fulfilling Script, (ed. 3) 64 When they.. compared their gam with their losse, their upmaking with these dayes of trial. Ibid. 71 They have therein found a very sensible upmaking. 1856 Morton’s Cycl. Agric. 11. 620/1 The average cost., did not exceed 15s. per acre.., with all necessary upmaking. 1897 Mrs. Oliphant W. Blackwood H. xxii. 409 A sheet was often left for him in the ’upmaking’ till the last possible moment.

2. Shipbuilding. (See quot. 1846.) 1846 A. Young Naut. Diet. 357 Upmaking,. .pieces of plank or timber piled on each other as a filling up; more especially those placed between the bilge-coads and the ship’s bottom, preparatory to launching. 1883 Scotsman 11 July 5/2 The upmaking never showed any signs of giving way until the vessel was well clear of the standing ways.

'up,making,/>p/. a. Sc. [up-6 b.] 1. That makes up for a defect or lack. 1682 R. Hamilton in M. Shields Faithful Contendings (1780) 40, I have found my Lord .. ay the same up making, (and more than up making) portion. 1726 Wodrow Corr. (*843) HI. 269 May he, by his Spirit, be assisting, comforting, and upmaking to you! 1729 E. Erskine Serm. (1791) 338/1 Rest in him, and upon him, as our upmaking and everlasting all. [1852 Chr. Treasury 405/2 God .. is an upmaking portion;., he can supply the place of all things.]

2. Seeking acquaintance or intimacy. 1863 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1882) HI. 166 They were very .. ’up-making’ to me, and pressed me to visit them.

up'locked, ppl. a. (up- 5. Cf. prec.) C1600 Shaks. Sonn. Hi, So am I as the rich whose blessed key. Can bring him to his sweet vp-locked treasure.

'uplong.prep,, y(>., and a. [vp adv. + /owg along prep, and adv.] X. prep. Up along. 1762 Falconer Shipu'r. i. 198 Uplong the slipp’ry Masts the Yards ascend.

B. sb. A strengthening bar extending along the sail of a windmill. 1819 Rees Cycl. s.v. Windmill, There ought to be three upIongs..to the driving, and two to the leading side, ..to strengthen the lattice. 1892 P. H. Emerson Son of Fens xxxii. 356 That uplong have got loose.

C. adj. Extending upwards. 1875 Morris JEneid ix. 244 In daily hunt, whereby we learned the river’s uplong brim.

'uplook, sb. [up- 2.] An upward look or glance. 1836 T. Power Impressions of Amer. II. 235 The Virginian, tall of stature,.. with an open up-look. 1869 Ruskin Q. of Air §135 To all true modesty the necessary business is not inlook, but outlook, and especially uplook. 1888 Flo. Warden Woman’s Face 11. xv. i 12 Giving her a very straight uplook into the eyes.

up'look, V. (up- 4. Cf. UPLOOKING pres. pple.) 0x300 Cursor M. 1820 Noe., fined no)?eir night ne day For p&t caitiue folk to prai,.. Bot durst he neuer wel [Gott. wid eie] vp-lok. 1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. iii. 11 The morrow next, when day gan to vplooke. He also gan vplooke with drery eye. 1818 Milman Samor vii. 840 But not as wont, uplooks he to the sky.

up'looker. (up- 8.) 1581 Marbeck Bk. of Notes 661 Which thing the Greeks noted by the name of a man, calling him Anthropos, an vplooker. 1895 Expositor April 260 Prayers that had long been flashed from the souls of these up-lookers.

up'looking, pres. pple. and ppl. a. (up- 6, 6 b.) a 1340 Ha.mpole Psalter, etc. 497 Thynnyd ere myn eghyn .. vplokand [L. suspicientes] in heghe. 1805 Wordsw. Prel. VI. 86 Often have I stood Foot-bound uplooking at this lovely tree. 1838 Mrs. Browning Cowper's Grave vii, Wild timid hares.. L'plooking to his human eyes with sylvan tendernesses. i88x J. Martineau Ess. ^ Addr. (1891) IV. 306 Two minds present with each other in uplooking and uplifting attitude.

t up'loper. Obs. [ad. Du. oploopety f. oploopen to leap up: see upleap u.] A variety of pigeon resembling a pouter. *735 J- Moore Columbarium 36 To trip beautifully with his Feet.. without Jumping, which is the Quality of an Uploper. 1765 Treat. Uom. Pigeons 104 When it approacheth the hen, [it] generally leaps to her with its tail spread, which is the reason of its being called Uploper.

'up,lying,/>/>/. (2. [up-6 b.] Situated or lying on elevated ground; upland. 1877 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 479/2 The favourite haunt of the wild strawberry is an up-lying meadow. 1884 Nature 25 Sept. 530/1 In up-lying situations,.. fluxion-structures are seldom delected.

upmaist, Sc. var. upmost a. up'make, v. Sc. [up- 4 -1- make r.* Cf. older Flem. opmaecken^ Du. opmaken to use up, put

UPON 1972 Times 25 Aug. 7 Mathew Clark N^ants to upmarket Noilly Dry French, plugging heavily the drink’s provenance compared with that of Italian Martini and Cinzano. 1975 Listener ^ Dec. 735/3 Leyland .. decided the group’s future lay in . improving its cars and charging more for them... It would take a lot of up-marketing to keep it {sc. Levland] at even half its present size. 1977 Daily .Mirror 21 Mar. 12/2 The British Sausage Bureau, in short, is trying to up-market Its succulent product. 1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Sept. 1030/4 In 1819 Harris, now joined by his son, sensed the way trade was going and boldly up-marketed his nursery books still further.

Upmann ('Apman). The proprietary name of a make of (Havana) cigar. [1878 Trade Marks Jrnl. 16 Jan. 59 H. Upmann... Henry Upmann and William Rocholl, trading as H. Upmann and Co., Havana, Cuba; cigar manufacturers. Manufactured tobacco, cigars. 1912 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 15 Oct. 770/1 H. Upmann & Co., Hahana, Cuba... Cigars.] 1969 N. Freeling Tsing-Boum xxi. 148 He.. had a cigar going, an Upmann that could have been made of tightlyrolled hundred-franc notes. 1979 A. Scholefield Point of Honour 142 He was dispensing Upmanns from a humidor.

'upmanship, colloq. = one-upmanship s.v. one numeral a., pron., etc. 30c. 1962 Spectator 23 Nov. 837/2 (Advt.), Upmanship is the art of being one up on all the others. 1967 Ibid. 25 Aug. 212/2 He obviously thought I was trying upmanship on him before that word had been invented. *976 Casper (Wyoming) Star-Tribune 29 June 19/1 (caption) Hospital upmanship: My Doc’ is better’n yours! 1980 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 6 Sept. 666/1 In a moment of inspired upmanship this young moonlighting casualty officer had quietly dropped the word that he was a famous specialist in exotic diseases.

'up-market, a. and adv. Also (esp. adv.) up-'market. [up prep.^] A. adj. 1. Of merchandise, etc.: characteristic of or designed for the more expensive end of the market; superior, expensive, ‘quality’. *972 Times 28 June 14/4 Glass has still, apparently, a more up-market image than plastic. 1974 Daily Tel. 17 Sept. 6 An ’up-market’ £1,950 version of the Austin Allegro, handfinished by the Vanden Plas coachbuilders. 1976 Daily Mail (Hull) 30 Sept. 18/3 Sarila Kitchens are the ultimate in luxury and design. Naturally, they are also up-market in p^rice. 1980 National Times (Austral.) 24 Aug. 4/3 Franchised lines, apart from the usual T-shirts, badges, posters and dolls run up to a range of $200 couturier ensembles and an upmarket line of cosmetics.

2. transf. and fig. 1976 Listener 6 May 584/1, I cannot allow other people to have all the most up-market remarks. 1979 Early Music Jan. Suppl. 13/3 Trust House Forte’s up-market evenings .. are presenting several early music groups in 1979. 1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 30 Jan. 117/5 Linguistic shamanism is respected, for there have been some distinguished practitioners. Sir Ernest Gowers was an up-market shaman. So was H. W. Fowler.

B. adv. Towards the more expensive end of the market. Also transf. and fig. 1975 pally Tel. 12 Apr. 12/4 Lyons-Tetley go up-market a bit with their Red Label and Orange Label [tea]. 1978 South China Morning Post 24 Nov. 14/7 Protectionism will increase in European Common Market countries so that Hongkong will have to diversify upmarket. 1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Oct. 1206/2 Even the secessionist New English Art Club moved up-market to become a nursery for the Academy, with its paintings of., the pleasing and the picturesque. 1983 Daily Tel. 14 Mar. 11/8 Slightly upmarket of the rest of the channel’s evening fare, Omnibus (BBC-i) has settled for an Everyman figure, .as presenter. 1984 W. Golding Paper Men xi. 125 To contemplate the nature of predestinate insects or, moving up-market, Lobsters and crabs.

Also as II. trans., to raise the standing of (a product) in the market, esp. by advertisement or actual improvement. Hence up-'marketing vbl. sb.

(up- 5 + met METE t’.

Cf.

UPHEAPED pa. pple.) 1828 Carr Crat>en Gloss., Up-met, filled above the measure... Hence, the expression *up-mct and down throsten,’ excellent measure... Also, ‘he s a rogue, up-met and down throsten;’ i.e. a complete villain.

Upmost, a. Also Sc. 6 vpmest, 6-9 upmaist. [f. UP adv.^ + -MOST.]

1. =

UPPERMOST a. (in various senses).

1560 Bible (Genev.) Isaiah xvii. 6 Two or thre beries are in the top of the vpmoste boughs. 1567 Drant Horace, Ep. To Rdr. ‘iv, He that woulde come to the vpmoste top of an highe hill. 1599 T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 62 That which lies vpmost is of least renowne. 1632 Lithgow Trav. ix. 391 Sulphure streames, which haue burst forth from the vpmost tops of i^tna. Ibid. 418 Podalia, the vpmost Countrey of Polland. 1664 Evelyn Kal. Ilort. 75 Taking away some of the upmost exhausted earth, and stirring up the rest. 1715 Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1721) II. 16 The middle of the upmost Wall ought to be perpendicular with the middle of the nethermost. 1808 Scott Let. to Sharpe 30 Dec. in Lockhart, You have.. been upmost in my thoughts for some time past. 1859 Gullick & Timbs Paint. 163 The upmost flat surface is divided into nine compartments. *875 Lightfoot Comm. Col. 411 /1 What was the thought upmost in the Apostle’s mind .. ?

b. absol. or as sb. 1589 Fleming Virg. Geo^. iii. 43 Let him skarse set his feet vpon th’ upmost [note The superfie or vppermost part] of the sand. 12.

Sc. = UMEST a. I. Obs.

1592 Lyndesay's Wks. 134-5 "T’ke Vicar.. will nocht faill to tak ane kow, And vpmaist claith. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj., Stat. Will. II The forestar sail take., his vpmaist claith. 1620 Henry's Wallace x. i. 229 W’allace in haste gart take their upmost weed.

up'mount,

V.

(up- 4.)

a 1560 Phaer JEneid ix. (1562) Ee iv b, A clamorous noise vpmounts on fortres tops.

up'mounted, pa. pple. (up- 5.) 1616 J. Lane Contn. Sqr.’s T. vn. 487 Vpmounted are the greate Artilerie, on owne huge-iron-carriages. 1818 Keats Endym. 1. 642,1 felt upmounted in that region Where falling stars dart their artillery forth.

up'mounting, pres. pple. (up- 6.) 1794 WoLCOT (P. Pindar) Wks. III. 221 The Moon., upmounting slow. In solemn stillness. 1820 Keats Hyperion I. 1^7 Like the mist Which eagles cleave, upmounting from their nest.

'upness. [up adv.'^] elevated or raised.

The quality of being

1887 W. James in Mind No. 45. 14 Rightness and leftness, upness and downness, are., pure sensation. 1902 Yorks. Post 28 Feb., With the., idea of height or up-ness in our minds.

tup'nim, V. Obs. [up- 4. Cf. OFris. opnima, opnema (WFris. opnimme), (M)Du. opnemen, MLG. upnemen (LG. upndmen), MHG. ufnemen (G. aufnehmen).] trans. To take up. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 3024 It so bi-cam, Cat moyses askes upnam. CX290 St. Brandan 11 in 5. Eng. Leg. I. 220 Bi-twene his armes seint brendan I>is holie man op nam. C1320 Cast. Love 1488 He \>dX from heuene com, From louh an hei3 he vs up-nom. 1340 Ayenb. 143 Hi dep ase de)» pe ilke mayde strongliche opnome of loue.

Hence tup'niming vbl. sb. Obs. 1^40 Ayenb. 22 )?e I^ridde kuead..ys foie opniminge of uals strif. Ibid. 83 Foie op-nymynge is huer lite profit lij?, and moche cost.

upo’ (a'p3o), prep. Forms; 3,5,9 dial, uppo, 3, 8 Sc. upo (3-4 up-o, 4 opo), 5 vpo; 8- Sc. and dial. upo’ (9 Sc. apo’). [f. UP adv.'^ + o, o’, prep.' Cf. UPON prep.) = UPON prep., in various senses. (In later use Sc. and north, dial.) C1200 Ormin 11959 J?e deofell brohhte Jesu Crist Wi]7l>utenn o pe temmple Upponn an s$te uppo pe rof. c 1230 Hali Meid. 37 And eauer habben sar care,.. & bringe on his moder sorhe up-o sorhe. c 1300 Ilavelok 2596 Helpes me and yu-self bat>e, And slos up-o I>e dogges swipe, c 1310 in Wright Lyric P. xlii. 114 Fayrest fode upo loft, c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2761 Fasie pey fullen opo pern alle. c 1400 Destr. Troy 7037 The renke vp rose.. And foght ^o fote as a freke noble. x6io B. Jonson Alchemist 11. ii, Thatch will lie light upo’ the rafters. Lungs. 1721 Ramsay Ode to the Ph-vi. If they command the storms to blaw, Then upo’ sight the hailstanes thud. 1772 Fergusson To R. Fergusson xii, [To] hae a charot at the door To wait upo’ me. 1773 Goldsm. Stoots to Conq. i. ii. Landlord, They have lost their way upo’ the forest. 1808 A. Scott Poems (ed. 2) loi Upo’ the rig she shoor wi’ Hab. 1865 G. Macdonald A. Forbes xi, I never kent ony guid come o’ bein’ ower sair upo’ bairns.

upon (a'pon), prep. Forms: a. 3- upon (4-5, 7 up on, 6 Sc. uponn), 4-7 vpon (3-5 vp on, 4, 5 Sc. vpone. Sc. 5-6 wpone, 6-7 wpon), 3-7 uppon, vppon (3 Orm. upponn, 4 upp on). 3-6 opon (4

UPON oupon, opan), 4-5 oppon. y. 3-6, 9 Sc. apon (4 apan), 5 Sr., 6 apone, 5-6 Sc. apoun, 5-7 Sc. appon(e, apponne. 8. 6 poun, 8 9 'pon. See also t'Po’. [Early ME. upon, uppon, etc., f. up adv.^ and adv.^ + on prep.\ distinct from late OE. and early ME. uppon, var. of OE. uppan up prep.^ The compound may have partly arisen from uses of upp on or uppe on in OE. (for instances see up adv.' and adu.*), but the date at which it appears, and the locality of the texts in which it is first prominent, suggest that it was mainly due to the influence of ON. upp d (MSw. up a, op a, uppa, oppa, etc.; Sw. pd, Norw. and Da. paa), with which it agrees in laying the stress on the preposition and weakening or altogether ignoring the force of up. In the mod. Scand. tongues, except Icelandic and Farroese, the reduced form pd. paa. corresponding to Eng. (colloq. or dial.) 'pon, 'po\ has displaced the simple prep, d, aa = on.]

Originally denoting elevation as well as contact, the compound has from the earliest period of its occurrence so far lost the former implication, that is, it has been regularly employed as a simple equivalent of on, in all the varieties of meaning which that preposition has developed. The use of the one form or the other has been for the most part a matter of individual choice (on grounds of rhythm, emphasis, etc.) or of simple accident, although in certain contexts and phrases there may be a general tendency to prefer the one to the other. For ease of comparison, the following arrangement of the senses corresponds as closely as possible with that of ON. (See also here-, there-, where¬ upon.) I. Of local position outside of, but in contact with or close to, a surface. 1. Above and in contact with; in an elevated position on; at rest on the upper surface of; on and supported by; = on prep. i. In a few instances in late MSS. (e.g. Hatton Gosp. Matt, V. 14) OE. up on can be taken in this sense, but appears to be merely a scribal variant or alteration of uppon for uppan UP prep.' c 1250 Gen. ^ Ex. 2867 Dat.. hise folc.. ben 6or 3are, In fie deserd an stede up-on, His leue sacrifise to don. e fisches rugge make. Ibid. 577 be ston pat ich op-on sitte. 13 .. E.E. Allit. P. A. 1054 The hyge trone .. pe hy3e godez self hit set vpone. c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 637 Til he cam to pe selle Vpon pe flore. at he ne scholde nou3t swerie op-on pe boke. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10468 He swor hym vpon pt bok. To holde of hym his heritage. X398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv. cxxxvi. (Bodl. MS.), Hoote welles pat.. blindej? J>eues 3if he swerej? vpon pe water and touche^j heere y3en Jjerewi)?. c 1400 Destr. Troy 642 Yow swiftly shall sweire vppon swete goddes. This couenaunt to kepe. a 1460 in Hist. Coll. Land. Cit. (Camden) 119 The for sayde captaynys have sworne a-pon hyr honowre that.. they shalle not makyn [etc.]. 1493 Litt. Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 134 This ys trew apon owre consciens. x6xo Shaks. Temp. ii. ii. 130 Tie sweare vpon that Bottle, to be thy true subiect. 1645 Doeq. Lett. Pat. at Oxf. (1837) 268 Administring of Oathes vpon the Holy Evangelistes. 17x0 Addison Toiler No. 253 ff i The Assistants.. were all sworn upon their Honour. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 67 He would come back., and untie him, upon his word. 1776 Trial Nundocomar 52/1 You have sworn me upon the waters of the Ganges: how can I tell more than I remember? 1831 James Phil. Augustus III. x, I declare that., he himself [is] worthy of death, upon my honour! 1848 Dickens Dombey xxxix. Upon my word and honour,.. it would be a charity.

ff. Above, more than. Obs. Cf. up prep.^ 8. 13.. Guy Wartv. (A.) 359 Opon al oJ?er y loue pe. c X430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 969 Son, vpon al thing Doo aftre Nathanaels teching.

t Over (a person, etc.), in respect of rule, authority, or supervision. Obs. See also reign v. i b, rule v. 5 b, ruler 1 (quot. 1382). C1380 W’yclif Wks. (1880) 383 pe kyngis of hepen han lordeschip vp-on hem. ^1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) iii. 10 pi powere es grete apon pi subgets. 1422 Yong tr. Secreta Secret. 162 Oure Lord god enoyntyd Saule Kynge vppon Israeli. X477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 69 He aught to haue lawde That, .hath lordship vpon his ennemyes. X534 Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 11 A man that wolde be chefe ruler vpon the commentye.

h. Taking part in, forming a member of (an inquest, jury, etc.). Cf. on prep, i g. 15x6 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I, 422/2 Thai.. being apone the inqueist..in the schiref court. 1609 [see sit v. 28]. 1643 Doeq. Lett. Pat. at Oxf. (1837) 5 Consociating himselfe with his neighboring Justices in sitting upon an illegal Commission. 1676 Office Clerk of Assize avj. Persons, .to serve in or upon the Grand Jury. 1729 Jacob Latv Diet. s.v. Jury, Clergymen, Apothecaries, &c. are exempted by Law from serving upon Juries. 1769 [see jury sb. 2 b].

i. Hence in many phrases, originally denoting physical location, of which the sense has become more or less figurative; = on prep. 1 h. See esp. ANVIL 5^. 2 b, CARPET 56. I b, HAND 32, HIGH a. lyh, 18, LEVEL sb. 4, PAR sb. I, SPOT sb.^ 9, TABLE sb. sh. 2. Denoting contact with or location on a surface, etc., whatever its position; = prep. 2. (ii) c 1200 Ormin Ded. 69 J>att upponn all )?iss boc ne be Nan word 3a:n Cristess lare. 01300 Cursor M. 23215 Painted fire .. )?at apon a wagh war wroght. 1382 Wyclif Exod. xxxiv. I Y shal write vpon hem [^c. stone tables] the wordes that hadden the tablis. X535 Coverdale Hab. ii. 2 Wryte the vision planely vpon thy tables. 1552 in J. O. Payne St. Paul's Cathedral (1893) 22 A greate clothe of redd silke .. with lions of golde upon it. 1560, X596 [see insculp V.]. 1596- [see record sb. i]. 1605 Shaks. Macb. v. i. 7, I haue scene her., take foorth paper,.. write vpon’t, read it. Ibid. viii. 26 As our rarer Monsters are Painted vpon a pole. X729 T. Innes Crit. Essay (1879) 74 His name is upon it, written with his own hand. 17W [see engrave v. 3 a]. X776 Trial Nundocomar 97/2 Did you see upon the face of the bond anything to make you suspect it? x8oi Farmer's Mag. Apr. 203 Which is ve^ practicable upon paper. x888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Childr. v, A gold bangle with ‘Mignon’ upon it.. in raised letters. (6) ax225 b,eg. Kath. 1187 pe treo per he deide upon, c X290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 43/300 Jjis 30ungue Man sixe and I>ritti dawes heng up-on pe galu-treo. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. i. r 54 Was neuere leef vpon lynde li3ter j>er-after. 14.. Lydg. Min. Poems (1911) 252 As he [5c. Christ] hangeth vp-on the roode tre. 1536 Exhort, to North in Furnivall Ballads fr. MSS. I. 307 The gallous apone, prepared for mardoche, hanged he was. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 121 Lat him end his lyf vpon ane fork. 1605 Shaks. Macb. V. v. 39 Vpon the next Tree shall thou hang. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Uord-bk. 411 A sail set upon the flying jib-boom. Shetland News 16 Dec. (E.D.D. s.v. Hing), I took aff me kjaep, an’ hang her apon a nail. (r) c 1386 Chaucer Prol. 111 Vp on his arm he baar a gay bracer. CI450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 813 With broches and golde opon hir arme. 1494 Act ij Hen. Vll, c. 23 The little Bone that sitteth upon the great Fin. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. §21 A wedynge-hoke with a socket set vpon a lyttcl staffe. I547»n FeuilleratRet’c/xEdtc. 1^/(1914) 10 Th’undersieves

of..Satten cut vpon Red Sarcenett. X655 Stanley Hist. Philos. II. 7 By reflection of the Sunns beams upon a thick cloud, which, not able to pierce it, are refracted upon it. 1774 J. Bryant Mythol. II. 231 Upon the head of the woman is a veil. X824 T. G. Cumming Rail & Tram Roads 24 Several branches were made .. with the flaunche upon the wheel, and not upon the rail. X847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xix. Those clothes would not look so well upon Oswald. 1889 Doyle Micah Clarke 318 Monmouth must fight now, if he ever hopes to feel the gold rim upon his temples.

b. Used of immaterial relationships, or in figurative expressions. to {be)get.. upon (a woman): see beget v. zb, GET v. zb. a 1400 Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xlii. 8 His e5e is euere ;>e vppon. 1423 Jas. I King's Q. ii, I.. toke a boke to rede apon a quhile. c 1450 Mirk's Festial 1, 6 Vnslev old man, goo hepen! for I se apon pe mony meruayles. 154^-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., All thynges must be read vpon the boke. X591 Shaks. Two Gent. i. i. 20 Vpon some booke I loue, I’le pray for thee. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Saerse ii. iii. §4 That what is spoken hath the impress of Divine authority upon it. Ibid. V. §2 They have a clear and distinct perception of God upon their own minds. 17x9 De Foe Crusoe il. (Globe) 498 The Horror which was upon our Minds. 1753*4 Richardson Grandison I. xii. 66 Every one’s eyes were upon me. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Li/e(ed. 4) vi. 97 Here am I.. with a sort of traveller’s lumbago upon me. 1832 L. Hunt Gentle Armour i. 142 The page returns with doubt upon his eyes. X848 Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 230 There was a tale Upon thy tongue he interrupted. 1877 Spurgeon Serm. XXIli. 669 It is absurd upon its very face.

c. By means of; with. Now dial. CX440 York Myst. xix. 212 pe knyght vppon his knyffe Hath slayne my sone. X590 Shaks. Mids. N. 11. i. 244 To die vpon the hand I loue so well. 1742 Phil. Trans. XLII. 266 The Perfection of Smelling in the Inhabitants of the Antibes, who can run a Man upon the Nose like an Hound. 175* Labelye Westm. Bridge 71 Explaining before them, upon a working Model, the Method I proposed. X790 Boswell Lett. (1924) 388, I intended to have printed it upon what is called an English letter. X865 R. Hunt Pop. Rom. West Eng. I. 105 Which eye can you see me upon?

d. Used in reference to an axis, pivot, or base; = ON prep. I e. (Cf. raise v. 8 b, turn v. 3.) X570 Billingsley Euclid i. i. 8 A triangle.. set or described vpon a line. 1593 Fale Dialling 14 Upon E make a halfe circle from H by G. 1679 Moxon Math. Diet. s.v. Circle, The Circle., is described upon the Centre A. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Triangle, A Triangle is equal to a Parallelogram upon the same Base, but half the Altitude. 1796 Instr. ^ Reg. Cavalry (1813) 149 Each describing the portion of a circle upon (P) as a center. 1830 Tenny.son Mariana vi, The doors upon their hinges creak’d. 1832 Prop. Reg. Instr. Cavalry iii. 47 Two contiguous points given as a Base, upon which a body of troops is to march or form. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vi. 309 The next four somites, .cease to be moveable upon one another.

3. a. On the bank of (a river or lake); on the shore of (the sea); on the borders of (a territory, etc.); close by, near to; bordering upon; beside or by; = on prep. 3. 13.. K. Alis. 4090 (Laud MS.), A Castel he had vpon pe ryue. 1387 Trevisa Hidgen V. 329 He fau3t.. ajenst pe Saxons.. uppon pe ryver Gleny. c 1425 Eng. Conq. Irel. 142 The tounes vp-on the see. 1474 Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) 1. 197 To mak a myl.. othir vpoun the gret watter or vpoun the burn. 1526 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 514/1 Theifis and tratouris duelland apoun Levin. 1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. viii. 7 b, Alger., is situated vpon the Mediterane Sea. 1601 R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 192 Siras seated vpon the riuer Bindimire. X662 Stillingfl. Orig. Saerse iii. iv. §13 The greatest part of the Countries lying upon the Ocean and Mediterranean. 1720 De Foe Capt. Singleton xiii. (1840) 226 A tract of land . .seated upon some navigable river. X747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 87 Upon the heads of Joniady River. X859 Tennyson Marriage of Geraint 145 Arthur.. Held court at old Caerleon upon Usk.

fb. About; near; close on (a specified number, etc.). Obs. In later use only with close adv. \ d, near adv.^ 5 c, nigh adv. I2C. 145* Capgrave Life St. Gilbert 68 He left at his deth sweeh persones dedicate to God vp-on too l>ousand too hundred. 1477 Caxton Jason 74 He cessed not to .. rowe til he cam nyghe the He vpon a bowe shotte. 1478 J. Paston in P. Lett. III. 219 A steppe modyr of hyrs, whj^he is upon 1. yer of age. 1482 Cely Papers (Camden) 102 Ther wylbe in aull with blottes apon xxvij or xxviij sarplers wholl. 1534 Tindale Luke viii. 42 He had but a doughter only, apon a twelve yere of age. a X548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 32 b, He had askryed a nomber of horsemen.. vppon the poynct of syx thousand. 1600 Holland Livy 177 There were upon two thousand & five hundred taken alive. x66o Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 226 To pay mee my allowance.. as it was regulated upon three years since.

4. Denoting collateral position; esp. with side, hand, f/ia//; beam (of a ship), point (of the compass); north, south, etc.; right, left\ = on prep. 4. See also border v. 5, touch v. 14, verge u.* 2 b. {a) c X330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7929 Southsex ..& Middelsex .. marchen vpon Kent. CX400 Maundev. (Roxb.) vi. 22 Mesopotamy also marchez apon pe desertes of Araby. 15^8 Grafton Chron. II. 354 For we [Scots] are so lodged vpon England, that we may.. enter which way we lust. 1586- [see neighbour v. i, 2]. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 31 Wpon the coste of the Lenox lyes Argyle. 1624 Heywood Gunaik. ii. 92 That part .. which butted upon the west. x68i Dryden Span. Friar i. i. Upon the skirts Of Arragon our squandered troops he rallies. 1786 W. Thomson Watson’s Philip III (1839) 311 An island bordering upon Istria. 1842 R. I. Wilberforce Rutilius & Lucius 106 Behind they abutted upon the grounds of Milo. X873 T. W. Higginson Oldport Days v. 115 The house was close upon the water. (6) 13 Gaw. Gr. Knt. 2069 pe brode 3atez [were] Vnbarred, & born open, vpon bo)>e halue. 1375 Barbour

UPON

301

Bruct XI. 175 Schir Gylys de Argcnte he set Vpon ane half, his renye to Ret. ’01400 Mortt Arth. 3795 We are with Sarazenes be-sett appone sere halfes! 01475 Hauf Ctiiljear 291 I se the Firmament fair vpon ather syde. 1565 Golding Ot'itfs \lft. I. I b, Twoo Zones do cut the Heauen vpon the riRhter syde. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach’s Husb. ii. (tsSb) 71 b. .A rich grounde, leuell, and lying vpon the Sunne. 1644 in fng. Htst. Rtf. .Apr. (1913) 341 My Lord Ambassador beingc plac'd.. upon his left hand about three Seates distante from him. 1669 Stormy Marintr's Mag. i. ii. 4 Upon what Point of the Compass the Object beareth from you. 1739 Labelve Pitrs Westm. Bridge 5 When the Wind IS upon any Point of the Compass between the South and the West. 1792 Smeaton Edystone L. §76 .A vessel steering to Foy will have the wind upon her beam. 1823 F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 11 [It] shelved down, upon our right, in one plane of smooth rock. transf. 1656 Cromwell Sp. in Burton Diary (1828) I. p. clxix. It was never so upon the thriving hand. 1718 WoDROW Corr. (1843) II. 362 May the kindgom of our Lord be upon the growing hand. 1852 Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 252 To you, dear ass, upon the sire's side. To you, sir steed. I'm on the dam's allied.

b. transf. Indicating the side, part, cause, etc., espoused or supported by the agent. CI430 CAei'. Assigne 219 'Go we forthe, fader,' quod pe childe, 'vpon goddes halfe!' 1445 in Anglia XXVIII. 256 [They] seyen the duke of yorke hath god vpon his side. 1595 Shaks. John 1. i. 34 Till she had kindled France and all the world. Vpon the right and party of her sonne. 1611 B. JoNSON Cati/ine v. M 2, The least man, that falles vpon our party 1 his day.., Shall walke at pleasure, in the tents of rest. 1821 Shelley Hellas 440 Famine, and Pestilence, And Panic, shall wage war upon our side! c. Engaged in assailing, or about to attack. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 291 The French men were so mingled among their enemies, that some time there was hue men vpon one Gentleman. C1670 Wood Life (O H.S.) 1. 114 Captain Walter had six rebells upon him, and .. fought it out so.. gallantly that [etc.]. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 269 The Senate heard that Severus was just upon them. 1719 De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 270 He saw five Men upon him. 1721-Mem. Cavalier (1840) 211 We are all undone, the roundheads are upon us. i860 All Year Round No. 66. 384 Certain manmuvres, which had just time to result.., when the squall was upon us, 1885 Manch. Exam, to June 4/7 The crisis.. is upon us at last.

t d. Having a tendency to be; verging towards; bordering on. Freq. with little. Obs. Cf. to run upon s.v. run v. 70 b. 1707 Ld. Raby in Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) II. 43 He is.. a little upon y« dirty as all y* Poles are. 1716 in London Gaz. No. 5430/4 Lrost.., a large Brilliant.., a little upon the Blue. 1738 Swift Pol. Conversat. 180, I think he’s a little upon the silly, or so. 1740 L)^ Mouhy's Fort. Country Maid (1741) !. 35 A Countenance much upon the Wheedler and the Devotee.

5. Within the bounds or limits of; in;

prep.

5.

(Cf. upo*

prep.,

=

on

quot. 1773.)

13.. Sir Beues (A.) 4180 [He] karf..Doun rijt pe viser wij) is swerd And half pe her vpon is herd. 1605 Shaks. Lear IV. vi. 256 Seeke him out vpon the English party. 1639 Laud Wks. (1853) V. 364, I find by the bishop’s certificate, that he hath constantly resided upon his episcopal houses. 1765 Museum Rust. IV. 449 His country seat, possessed and lived upon by his ancestors for several generations. 1824 Scott St. Ronan's xxii, Miss Clara..just sitting upon the wind of a door [= in a draught].

tb. Denoting ratio between two numbers, etc.; = PER prep. III. 2, IN prep. 4. Obs. rare. 1622 Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 195 In regarde of lecage of tenne or fifteene vpon the hundreth. 1739 Labelye Piers Westm. Bridge 76 The Ascent., not being above one Foot perpendicular upon 20 Feet slope. Ibid. 78. 6.

Denoting

the

day

of

an

occurrence,

night, morn, morrow, eve{n, time, -ftide, fkour, occasion, etc. = ON prep. 6. regarded as a unit of time. Freq. also with

once upon a time: see once adv. 4. 01300 Cursor M. 19810 Apon a dai at pe tid o non An angel com. 1338 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 37 Unto Kyngeston.. Com S. Dunstan, opon a Sonenday. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 3 Now upon this tyde Men se the world.. so diversed, That [etc.]. ? a 1400 Arthur 539 And sone after vpon an owr He hurde of Mordred. 1424 Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 36 Writen at Sarum apon pe seynt Michell euen. a 1470 Ibid. 111 My wyf and y welbe with you uppon Ester. 1535 Coverdale Job i. 6 Now vpon a tyme..the seruauntes of God came and stode before the Lorde. 1551 Robinson tr. More's Utopia (1895) 15 Vpon a tyme, when tidynges came [etc.]. 1631 Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 471 Once euery yeare vpon the same day of his Anniuerse. 1663 Extr. St. Papers Friends Ser. ii. (1911) 183 [They] were all brought before the mayor vpon the 28th of December. 1672 I. Godden Cath. No Idolators 35 Would an Impartial Reader (to use Dr. Taylor’s expression upon another occasion) say [etc.]? 1711 Addison Spect. No. 164 IP4 Upon the Day on which.. their Marriage was to have been solemnized. 1771 Mrs. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton III. 285, I wrote upon the instant, but.. cannot recollect what I said. 01821 Keats Eve St. Mark i Upon a Sabbath-day it fell. 1868 Tennyson Lucretius 24 He..woke upon a morn That mock’d him.

tb. In, at, or during (any period of time); in the course of; = on prep. 6 b. Obs. (0) 1390 Gower Conf. I. 314 [He] made upon the derke nyht.. Gret fyr. c 1400 Destr. Troy 8684 Wyth myche dole vppon dayes & on derke nightes, Sum wait into wodenes. *4^7“9 Bolls of Parlt. IV. 364 To make a Toure to be uppon day light a redy Bekyn. 1529 in Leadam Star Chamb. Cases (Selden) II. 34 Thomas .. directed .. the hole recordys.. ^pon a yerc past or more to vs.. to examcn the same. 1585 T. Washi.ngton tr. Nicholay's Voy. l. xix, Vpon the euening the fire .. got into their pouder. 1603 Shaks. Meas.for M. iv. *• 35 V’pon the Heauy midle of the night. 1661 Act 13 Chas. II, c. 9 §27 No man in or belonging to the Fleet shall sleep upon his Watch. 1673 in Picton L'bool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 247 Offences committed by them ine same day upon the said

election. [1820 Keats St. middle of the night.]

UPON

Agnes vi, Upon the honey’d

(i>) 159* Unton Corr. (Roxb.) 103 Upon nowc advertisement is come from the Kingc. 1638 Ld. Digby Lett. Cone. Relig. (1651) 19 To tell you what upon the present.. occurreth to me.

tc. Within the space of (a specified period of time): = ON prep. 6 c. Obs. ^ *375 Cursor M. 510 (Fairf.), Be iournavs qua ga hit may, fourty myle a-pon a day. c 1386 Chaucer >ro/. 704 Vp on a day he gat hym moore moneye Than pat the person gat in Monthes tweye. 1457-8 in Acta Dorn. Cone. II. Introd. 15 He sail warne thame to pass to the kings chapell.. apone xl dais. 1459 Bolls of Parlt. V. 369/2 A commaundement.. to be redy to come.. upon a day warnyng. ? 01585 Montgomerie Misc. Poems vii. 35 Rome wes not biggit all vpon ane day. 1674 Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. iii. IV. 299 (The lords] ordaines letters of horning upon 48 houres to be direct for that effect.

d. At the point of; close on, touching on; = on prep. 6 d. Usu. with vbl. sb. or gerundive: see group (0). upon the Point of: see point sb.^ D. 5. (0) 1426 Audelay Poems 6 Have mynd apon 3oure endyng of the payns of helle. 1491 Acta Dorn. Cone. (1839) 205/1, I am apone my saling and may nocht lang tary. 1530 Palsgr. 423/1, I am upon my lieng downe, as a woman that is nere her tyme. 1604 Dekker Honest Wh. xii. Wife. Comes the Duke this way? Pio. Hee’s upon comming, mistris. 1611 CoTGR., Fmmofi,.. faded, vpon withering. 1669-70 Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 310, I intended more, but the post also is upon going. 1707 Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) 11. I o The King of Prussia is upon sending to the.. Library all the., medals. 01774 Goldsm. Hist. Greece I. 247 The truce.. was just upon expiring. 1842 C. Whitehead R. Savage 1. i, I was just upon commending them to a lower place. ellipt. 1899 Daily News 12 Sept. 4/7 The new.. recreation garden .. isjust upon finished. (^) *585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xix. 22 As wee were vpon our departure. 1626 Breton Fantasticks D 3 b. Few that are merry, but.. wenches that are vpon the manage. 1632 Massinger Maid of Hon. v. i. Signor Adorni is return’d! now upon entrance! 1666 Marvell Corr. Wks. (f^^'osart) II. 197 The Smyrna fleet., is upon retume. C1680- [see GO sb.^ 8d]. 1722 Pope Lett. (1735) I. 274 I’m told you are all upon Removal very speedily. 1775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. cxxxiii. (1783) IV. 206 Our old rector will make a subject by and by;.. he’s certainly upon the go [= dying]. 1797 Mrs. M. Robinson Walsingham IV. 318 The good fellow is upon the go; his life is not worth six weeks’ purchase. 1820 Byron Mar. Fal. iv. ii. 66 Doge. How goes the night? Ber. F. Almost upon the dawn.

fe. By or for (a specified time). Obs. 1510 Brasenose Coll. Doc. (MS.) A^ 43 To make me a Dublett and a Jacket upon Crystmasse next comyng.

ff. For the extent or period of. Obs. Cf. upon a stretch s.v. stretch sb. 6 a. 01548 Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 49 b, Which sickenes contynued vpon fyue monethes.

7. a. On the occasion of; = on prep. 7. In freq. use c 1670-c 1825. usages.

Group {b) illustrates obs.

See also occasion sb. 10 b, sight sb. 4 b, 6 b, sudden sb. I b, suddenty I b, VIEW sb. 16. (0) C1440 Capgrave Life St. Kath. i. 981 Vp-on this hir letter hath she sent. 1492 Hen. VII in G. Griffiths Hist. Tong (ed. 2) 224 To thentent that uppon convercacion we may shewe unto you our minde. 1515 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) 11. 79 The saide artificers seyne that by the grauntis made uppon their first corporacion it appereth that [etc.]. 1566 Drant Horace, Sat. i. iii. B v. His maister hangs him straighte upponte. 15^ Bacon Use Com. Law (1635) 2 If one kill another upon a suddaine quarrell. 1662 Culpeper in Extr. St. Papers Friends Ser. 11.(1911) 152 note, I haue some Quakers .. in prison which I doe intend to let goe upon taking the Oath. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 74 The Banyans repairing to the Suburbs upon Tattoo. 1705 Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. iii. Pain 13 Was ever..any Fencer, worth the naming, heard to groan upon a Hit? 17x2 Addison S^ct. No. 369 IP17 They..were cast into Hell upon their Disobedience. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 309 Upon comparing the various animals.. with each other, we shall find [etc.]. 1817 Mill Brit. India II. 450 They retired upon the brisk advancement of the grenadiers. 1841 Lane Arab. Nts. 1. 101 Upon which they raised their heads, and answered as before. 1890 Ld. Esher in Law Times' Rep. LXHI. 734/1 [He] shall be released from that obligation upon the Director undertaking the case. (6) 1510 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 307/r The slauchter.. committit be him apoun subdante. 1577 Holinshed Chron. I • 3 5/1 Cesar.. writeth that immediatly vpon knowledge had .. he woulde inuade Brytaine. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 269 The Silly-how, that sometimes is found about the heads of children upon their birth. 1707 Hear.ne Collect (O.H.S.) H. 63 Y* sneaking Villains, like Worms upon a Rain, crawl’d out. 1726 Swift Gulliver ii. v. Yet often, upon a pinch, I was forced to work like a common mariner. 1736 Butler Anal. i. iv. Persons may be betrayed into wrong behaviour upon surprise. 1763 Johnson in Boswell 25 June, He has no tenants.. who will follow him to the field upon an emergency.

b. Immediately after; following on. 1390 Gower Conf. II. 71 Whan that he this tale herde, Hou upon that the king ansuerde With Hercules he moste feighte. 1496 Coventry Leet Bk. 573 And w hat persones pzt be absent jpat day vppon warnyng shall pay xij d. 1523 Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxlviii. 177 [They] conquered.. townes and castels one vpon the other by force. 1562 J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 45 So soone vpon supper.., Sleepe maketh yll.. digestion. 15^ Shaks. Merch. V. iv. i. 384, I am content.. to render it, Vpon his death, vnto the Gentleman. 1614 Day Festivals 'w. (1615) 268 Whether the Fault were unawares, or upon advisement. 1645 Bp. Hall Rem. Discontents 80 After he had upon ten years siege, taken the rich City. 1688 Holme Armoury 11. 181/2 The bite or sting of a Scorpion is present Death if.. [Swine] drink upon it. 1711 G. Hickes Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (ed. 3) II. 30, I have wrote., not rashly or by chance, but upon thought. 1748 Anson’s Voy. n. xiii. 276 Immediately upon this

fortunate supply they stood to the westward. 1780 .Mirror No. 95, I left my own house immediately upon the discovery I made. 18x4 Jane Austen Mansf. Park xi. Coming, as it generally did, upon a week’s previous inactivity. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 539 This plan had been dropped upon the detection of the Rye House Plot. 1883 I Iowei.ls in Harper's Mag. Dec. 79 The silence which his friend has absent-mindedly let follow upon his last words. ellipt. 1818 COLEBROOKE Import Colonial Corn 183 The capital should at first be less productive if... upon a balance, this become more fruitful,

tc. As soon as. Obs.~^ *475 Paston Lett. HI. 128, 1 woli, uppon as I heer from yow, come to yow in alle hast possible.

18. Denoting physical arrangement, order, etc., = in (masses, a row, etc.). Cf. on prep. 8. rare. c 1300 Havelok 892 Als he lep pe kok vn-til, He shof hem alle upon an hyl. c 1400 Destr. Troy 1991 The flode.. Rose vppon rockes [= in high masses] as any ranke hylles. ^1450 Lovelich .Merlin 1474 For thinges that ben past, j knowe. And thinges that ben comeng vppon a rowe. 1665 J. Webb Stone-Heng 68 Nor [could] these have continued upon such a direct line, as still some of them seem to do.

9. In (a particular or specified manner, etc.); = ON prep. 9. See also cross sb. 29, head sb.' 35 d, loft sb. 2 a, sly sb. 2(0), SQUARE 0. 12 a, b. CX300 Havelok 468 Godard..tok j>e maydnes bothe samen, Al-so it were up-on hiis gamen. 133^ R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 25 Bot ^>at l>ise lowed men vpon Inglish tellis. Right story can me not ken, pe certeynte what spellis. 0 1400-50 Alexander 3300 Like to t»is werke, J>at |?is coppis opon kell-wyse knytt in pe wojes. C1400 Destr. Troy 7359 There only was ordant of Ectors dethe. With all Soteltie to serche opon sere wise. are to remain apoun pare awin expenss. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge ii. 1157 Many shyps were made vpon the kynges cost. 1563 Ref. Privy Council Scot. I. 239 To commande thame to warde, to remane thairin upon thair awne expense. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. 396 He had buylded vpon his owne costes and charges the sepulchres and tumbes. 1674 Reg. Privy Counc. Scot. IV. 278 A mudwall rowme.. built upon his owne coast. 171X in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 124 Each company., was subsisted upon the cost of every captain for three months, g. Denoting security of a loan, etc.

*474 Caxton Chesse (1883) 121 The besant.. was holden & gaged vpon an ymage. 1562! Heywood Prov. & Epigr. Bb i b, No man will one peny lende upon it. 1611 Bible Neh. V. 4 Wee haue borrowed money.. vpon our lands and vine¬ yards. 1677 Yarranton Eng. Improv. 7 Moneys lent upon Goods at very easie Interest. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4333/8 They will.. Lend Money upon Tallies or other good Securities, at 5I. per Cent. 1742 Kames Decis. Crt. Sess. (* 799) 40 T^he money is secured.. upon land. 1791 Boswell Johnson (1904) I. 328 Security being taken upon the property. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 36 He assigns 1000 marks., to his son’s wife, secured upon the Swiss possessions of his house. 1868 Rogers Pol. Econ. iv. 43 If [a banker].. issues notes upon no property at all, the issue is fraudulent. 1885 Act 48-4g Viet. c. S4 § 11 Any mortgage or charge duly created .. upon the profits of any benefice.

fh.

On condition of.

Obs.

1516 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 422/2 The kingis grace dischargis thaim apone thair remaining in ward for the said errour. 1591 Shaks. i Hen. VI, iv. v. 36 Vpon my Blessing I command thee goe. 1626 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 199 Maister Lappage doth .. promise that hee will continew his ministry.. upon true payment and receivinge the afforesaid allowance. 1662 Stillincfl. Orig. Saerse lii. iii. §5 If it were suitable to Gods nature to promise life to man upon obedience.

t i. Out of; with; by the use of. Obs. rare. *553 T'- Wilson Rhet. (1580) 42 He did not make the wife vppon the same claie, whereof he made man. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing ii. |f 2 That his Letter be Cast upon good Mettal, that it may last the longer.

j. In many phrases, as upon.. accord, account (of), composition, condition, design, distrust, envy, foot, fraud, head, lease, matter, purpose, score, shame, suspicion, trust, whole, for which see the sbs. 12. At the risk or with the certainty of incurring or suffering (a pain, penalty, etc.); on peril of; = on prep. 12. See also pain sb.^ i b, penalty sb. 2d. c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame iii. 1570 That he shuld fast goon Vpon the peyn to be blynde. C1420 Contin. Brut 384 pt King commaunded to .. late hem passe yn pees, vpon deth. Ibid. 385[He] chargyd ham, vpon her lyf, to kepe wel the toun and pe Castell. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 9 Walsshmen shold not passe that dyche with wepen vpon a grete payne. 1540 Acts Privy Council (1837) VII. 21 To temperate his tongue hereafter upon adventure of further punishement. *553 W. Cholmeley Req. 6f Suite 19 in Camden Misc. (1853) II, Commaundyng.. the Aldermen, upon the losse of their auctoritie and office,.. to see [etc.]. 1596 Edward III, 1. i. 70 With threats, Vppon a penaltie, inioynd to come. 1603 Parsons 2nd Pt. Three Convers. Eng. xii. 625 The Duke protesteth the contrary (vpon his death). 1656 Earl Monm. tr. BoccalinVs Advts.fr. Parnass. 126, I have,.. upon severe punishment, inhibited the translation of my Alcheron. 1699 Bentley Phal. 439 He order’d every man upon the pain of death to bring in all the money he had.

13. Indicating that which forms the basis of revenue, profit, fines, taxation, lending, etc.; = ON prep. 13. See also retire v. i e (quot. 1806), tax sb.^ i. 1466 Acta Auditorum (1839) 4/2 [He] sail.. resaue pe soume of mone aucht till him vppoun pe said annuel. 1495 Act II Hen. VII, c. 43 Preamble, So that the seid Erie upon his seid leasses.., do reserve asmuch rentis..as be nowe usuell. 1535 Coverdale Neh. v. 3 Let vs borowe money of the kinge vpon vsury. 1554 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 217 They so offending to be payned opon a certen some of money. ? 1677 Petty Pol. Arithm. (1699) 272 Such a part of the full value of their Commodities, as may possibly be lost upon the sale of them. 1719 D’Urfey Pills I. 333 Five hundred Pounds upon the brown Bay still. 1798 Hull Advertiser 24 Mar. 2/3 Insurance upon.. outhouses, and upon unthreshed stock therein. 1845 R. W. Hamilton Pop. Education x. 278 How can the State raise the amount? Is it not to be raised upon the people? 1892 Law Times XCIV. 104/1 A commission of over 60 per cent, upon the sums received.

II. Of motion or direction towards a position, thing or person, state, etc. 14. Upward so as to place or be on a surface, point, etc. Cf. on prep. 14. C1200 Ormin 11959 pe deofell brohhte Jesu Crist Wii?j7utenn o pe temmple Upponn an saete uppo pe rof. C1250 Gen. ^ Ex. 3899 Moyses 8or made a wirme of bras. And henget he3e up-on a saft. C1300 Havelok 1942 He lep up on a stede lith. 13.. Seuyn Sages (W.) 2318 Vpon his palfrai lep Catoun. 1375, 1470-85 [see start v. i]. 1470-85 Malory Arthur ix. xxx. 384 They came vpon sir launcelot sodenly and vnnethe he myght putte vpon hym his helme. *535 Coverdale ii. 9 They shal clymme vp vpon the houses. 1627 Drayton Nymphidia xvii, Flye Cranion her Chariottere, Vpon the Coach-box getting. 1639 S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 130 He leapes upon his Mule. 1725 Fam. Diet. s.v. Pears, Mount them one upon another Steeplewise. 1847 Tennyson Princ. iii. 208 To lift the woman’s fall’n divinity Upon an even pedestal with man. 1854 Miller Sch. Schm. xxi. 446 A large loligo .. had thrown itself high and dry upon the beach.

b. To or towards a position on a surface, etc.; = ON prep. 14. Group (b) corresponds to sense i c; group (r) illustrates non-physical uses. (а) c 1200 Ormin 14667 Snip itt, alls itt waere an shep, & le33 itt upponn allterr. C1250 Gen. & Ex. 3186 On an gold gad Se name god Is grauen, and leid up-on Se flod. Ibid. 3949 Vp-on hise ase his sadel he dede. a 1300 Cursor M. 8894 Vnwarli sco sett hir don Apon pis ilk tre. c J386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 921 Some drope of pitee..Vp on vs wrecched wommen lat thou falle. c 1391-Astrol. u. §7 Ley thi label vp-on the same degree of the sonne. C1400 St. Alexius (Cotton) 257 They hylde water wppon hys hede. c 1430 Two Cookery Bks. 42 )?an take fayre pecez of Brede.. vppe-on pe Eyroun. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. iii, Her head sunk down upon her breast, a 1655 Sir T. Mayerne Archimag. Anglo-Gall. No. 84 (1658) 58 Lay this froth upon your sullibub as high as you can. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iv. 611 The various God .. draws a Rock upon his dark Abon your legs. (c) f 1325 Spte. Gy M arte. 995 And anon god putte his fuisoun Vp-on hire mele. 1382 Wyclif Job xxv. 3 Vp on whom shyneth not the li3t of hym.’ 1461 Rolls of Parlt. V. 463/2 1 akyng upon hym .. the Coroune and name of Kyng. *535 CovFRDALE .Vum. vi. 25 The Lorde make his face to shync vpon the. 1656 Earl Monm. tr. Boccalini's Adi ts, fr Parnass. II. vi. 210 Whereby they had put themselves, upon great difficulties. 1697 Dhyden Virg. Gtorg. iv. 773 The Nymphs, Companions of th' unhappv Maid, This Punishment upon thy Crimes have laid. 1765 Sterne Tr. Shandy vni. xxi, I fell in love all at once.. it burst upon me like a bomb 1768 Boswell Lelt. (1924) 145, 1 am thrown upon the wide world again. 1793 T. Beddoes Demonstr. Ei id. 79 The magnitudes, being doubled upon themselves, increase so, that [etc.]. 1816 Byron Prisoner of Chilian x, .A light broke in upon my brain. c. Denoting incidence, seizure, hold, etc.;

=

ON prep. 14 b. c 1250 Gen. Ex. 2339 Do cam iosep swilc rew6e up-on, he dede halle ut 8e toSere gon. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. XVII. cxv. (Bodl. MS.), Ripe & igadered ere corrupcioune oper rostinge falle vpon whete. 1530 Palsgr. 748/2. I take holde apon one, jempoygne. 1535 Coverdale Ps. cxiv. 3 The paynes of hell gat holde vpon me. 1535- [see lay t .* 22]. 1546- [see SEIZE i’. gj. 1632 Lithgow Trav. vii. 303 The \’enetian Factor seased vpon all. 1665 Extr. St. Papers Friends Iii. (1912) 240 There was a full congregation of quakers and the like seised vppon by Sir Francis Clarke Sunday last. x88o J. Payne Netv Poems 259 A deadly terror ot A sudden hold upon her. 1892 H. Lane Differ. Rheum. hi. (ed. 2) 67 It seems to have taken a firm hold upon the public.

f

d. Of the incidence of a blow, stroke, etc.; = prep. 14 c.

ON

e crune, bat [etc.]. 13.. Guy H’artv. (A.) 2368 ban hastiliche )?e ost ichon Opon Segyn pat smiten anon. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. lx. 516 Sir Tristram gaf hvm suche a buffet vpon the helme. 1507 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) ^3 He sawe .. Irton being hurt vppon the hed. 1562 Aberd. Kirk Sess. Rec. (Spalding Cl.) 6 To be puneist with ane palm vpone the hand tor ilk fait. 1594 Selimus 1447 Dart Thy smouldring flame Vpon the head of cursed Acomat. 1611 Bible Exod. vii. 17 Behold, I will smite with the rod .. vpon the waters. 1711 Addison Sped. No. 9 [p 11 His Neighbour may give him a Kick upon the Shins. 1737 Whiston Josephus, Hist. 1. xxi. 13 Many.. have stood amazed .. w hen they saw him .. shoot the arrow upon the mark. 1813 Scott Rokeby vi. xxv. One stroke, upon the Castle bell, To Oswald rung his dying knell. 1844 Mrs. Browning Drama Exile 64 This is the Eden lost By Lucifer!.. this the sword .. That smote upon the forehead. 1881 Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet I. viii, The cruel cat falling at every step upon their.. bleeding shoulders.

e. In phrases of the type harm upon harm, torment upon torment, denoting cumulative addition or repetition; — on prep. 14 d. c 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 865 b^y wounded here, and heped harm vpon harmes. c 1380 Wyclif Se/. Wks. III. 346 And so servauntis upon servantis weren char[g]ious to pis hous. r X485 Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 1336 He had torment opon torment. X529 S. Fish Supplic. Beggers (1871) 13 The capteyns of his kingdome.. haue heped to him benefice vpon benefice. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. iii. i. 91 Why, thou losse vpon losse! 1599-Much Ado 11. i. 252 Hudling iest vpon iest, with.. impossible conueiance vpon me. 1613 PuRCHAS Pilgrimage (1614) 152 Which heaped vpon them Anathema vpon .Anathema. 1699 Evelyn Acetaria App. P4, Cover the Bottom of the Jar with some Dill,.. then a Bed of Nuts; and so stratum upon stratum. 1864 Kingsley Roman & T. 137 Dietrich had had to write letter upon letter. 1882 ‘Ouida’ Maremma I. 90 Centuries upon centuries of carnage have laid the land bare. X884 C. F. WooLSON in Harper's Mag. h'eb. 371 Millions upon millions of violets.

f. On (a voyage, expedition, mission, etc.); = ON prep. 14 e. 1426 Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 648 Or I myhte make my passage To gynnen vp-on my pylgrymage. c 1430-- Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 12 The kyng procedyng forthe upon his way, kome to the Condyte. X596 Shaks. j Hen./F, i. iii. 150 W’hen the vnhappy King., did set forth Vpon his Irish Expedition. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 55 If i A young Fellow., sent upon a long Voyage. 1712 W. Rogers Voy. 324 To encourage our South Sea Company., to go upon some Discovery that way. 1817 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xvii. II. 77 The rufescent ants do not leave their nests to go upon these expeditions.. till [etc.]. 1839 Bailey Festus 232 As on they sped upon their starward course.

15. Into contact or collision wdth, esp. by way of attack; against; = on prep. 15. See also come v. 51 b, fall v. 70 b, fly v.’ 8 b, go v. 67 a, LAV r.‘ 32 a, set r.‘ 132 a. .' 37.

5 b, mad a. 4, run

ri33ti B. Brunne Chron. H'ace (Rolls) 7604 Opon pat meyden he wax al mad. 1382 Wyclif Psalm xxxix. [xl ] 17 Ful out io3e thei, and glade vpon me. alle that sechen thee. c 1449 Pecock Repr. 11. xx. 267 He schal haue miche gretter affeccioun vpon the seid freend. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. Ivi. 508 Louers.. soo mad and soo soted vpon wymmen 01578 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.j I. 169 The king.. was covatous w'poun money. 1598 Barckley Felic. Man i. 51 A young man .. that was .. enamoured vpon an Image of marble. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoil. Treat. 982 In this case, Moses should have becne.. cast downe ..; yet how hot is hee uppon Justice, 1711 Addison Spect. No, 106 IP3 When he is pleasant imon any of them, all his Family are in good Humour. 1843 Fraser's Mag. XXV'III. 619 O’Connell is bent upon the disruption of the British empire. tc. Among (a number of sharers, etc.).

Ohs.

1492 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 323 Distributers of the same upon the commynes. 1526 Tindale Rom. xv. 26 To make a certayne distribucion apon the poore sanctes. 1598 Dallington .Meth. Trav. K 3, Hee diuideth the Lands vpon his horsemen, to each his portion. d. Indicating the person by whom a cheque, draft,

order,

etc.,

is

which it is drawn;

payable,

or the

bank

on

= on prep. 20 c.

See also cheque sb. 3, draught sb. 35, draw v. 65. i66o Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 226 .Mr. Fox hauing giuen mee a note upon Mr. Shaw to pay me mv allowance 01722 Fountainhall Deni. (1759) 1. 12 The bill upon his wife for £200. 1722 De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 216 He shows me a bill upon me, drawn by my wife. 1798 in Ushaw Mag. Dec. (1913) 287 An order upon Mr. Wright for £12 as the price of the book sent you. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIV. 736 It may be quite as well.. to draw upon the bank.

21.

Indicating

whom

or

which

a

person

hostile

or

language is directed; against;

or

thing

adverse

towards action

or

= on prep. 21.

See also (o) blow ti. 30, complain v. 6b, cry u. 21b, DESIGN sb. I b, LIE t).* I b, PEACH t’. 2, RACE t'. 2 b, RAIL f.* I b, STEAL t’. 5 e; (6) go v. 67 a, make v. Si, seek v. 17. (a Porphire iseh feole, J?et me seide hit upon,.. dreien to deaSe. ^ *275 Passion Our Lord 241 in O.E. Misc. 44 A ueole kunne wise hi lowen him vp-on. C1430 Lydg. Hors, Shepe & G. 151 He cryethe affter peasse, compleynnythe vppon [>e werressore. c 1440 Alph. Tales 12 t>is abtatis.. forgaff paim all pai had saide vppon hur. X560 Daus tr. Sleidan^s Comm. 10 He declareth howe grevously he is complained upon unto the Duke. 1642 Laud Diary 2 Dec., ^'hey were sufficiently railed upon in the streets. 165X H. More Second Lash in Enthus. Tri., etc. (1656) 253, I now forgive thee heartily for all thy abuses upon me. ) c 1200 Ormin 7155 Forr patt he wennde patt tatt folic Upponn himm cumenn wasre.-for to nipprenn himm. C1230 Hali Meid. 17 Leccherie.. sechefl earst upon hire, nebbe to nebbe. c 13100 Havelok 65 Was non so bold.. bat durste upon his menie bringhe Hunger. 13 .. K. Alis. 4875 (Laud MS.), Euermore hij bep werrende, And vpon oper conquerrende. C1386 Chaucer Monk's T. 537 The peple roos vp-on hym on a nyght. X393 Langl. P. Pi. C. vii. 106 Ich am wratthe,.. wol gladliche smyte Bope with ston and with staf, and stele vp-on myn enemy. ^1450 Merlin ii. 24 The hethen assembled a grete oste vpon hem. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 5 They bring assailours uppon this lande. 1518 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 137 Afterwardes they sought vpon hym at hys boothe with ij clubbys. 1535 Coverdale i Esdras i. 27, I am not sent.. to fight agaynst y*» for my warre is upon Euphrates. 1608 Yorksh. Trag. vii. 17 It shall be my charge To raise the towne vpon him. (' of another Crime. 1772 in Eng. Hist. Ret'. Jan. (19*5) 30 He places a number of. .sepoys upon them and their families. 1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 448/2 The disadvantages arc .. unreliability in stays.., hardness upon helms. b.

On

or

against

(a

person),

by

way

of

vengeance or the like. .* 3 b, MIND sb.' 7 (quot. 1589), PUT !’. 27 c, reflect V. 13, remember !’. 4c, run V. 70c, STUDY f. I, 2, THINK V.^ 3b, TREAT V. 2. 01300 Sarmun xxxvi. in E.E.P. (1862) 5 And pench pos wordis her ispoke; for-3ite ham no3t ac pench apan. a 1300 Cursor M. 112 In hir wirschip wald I bigyn A lastand ware apon to myn. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 14 To studie upon the worldes lore Sufficeth now withoute more. 01400 Isumbras 427 Sir Ysambrace hym umbithoghte Appone a horse that coles broghte. C1450 Merlin iii. 49 The moste remembraunce that I shall haue, shall be vpon yow, and on yowre nedes. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 34 A remembraunce to thinke vpon me. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Matt. vii. 28 The multitude were in admiration vpon his doctrine. 1611 Bible i Tim. iv. 15 Meditate vpon these things. 1655 Earl Orrery Parthen. i. viii. 418 Did you reflect upon it with an vnprejudicate opinion. 1719 De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 226, I ask’d him what it was he study’d upon. Ibid. ii. (Globe) 379 But now the Admiration was turn’d upon another question. 1871 W. Alexander Jo/iwm' Gibb xlvi. It has a closin’-in heid-piece concern that min^ me.. upon a mutch that my wife hed ance. 1899 W. J. Locke White Dove 3 S-was at last able to reflect upon the entire unexpectedness of his presence.

c. Denoting the subject of speech or writing; = ON prep. 22 c. Freq. with verbs, as rave, talk, write', amplify v. 7 b, criticized. I b, DISTINGUISH D. 8c, SPEAK V. 1$. (a) 01390 Wycliffite Bible (1850) IV. 303 An other [prologue] vpon Romayns. 1390 Gower Conf. II. 65 Laodomie his lusti wif.. Upon a thing wherof sche dradde A lettre..sende him. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. Preface, My Preface vpon the fyrst volume of this cronycle. 1533 Frith Answ. More E iij b, The mynde and exposition of the olde Doctours vpon the wordes of Chrystes maundye. 1557 Tottel s Mtsc. (Arb.) 113 Vpon the deceas of W. Ch. 1605 Shaks. Macb. ii. i. 23 We would spend it in some words vpon that Businesse. 1697 De Foe Ess. Projects Pref., I wou’d not adventure to appear in Print upon that Subject. 1709 Steele Tatler No. 114 |P i Our Discourse chanced to be upon the Subject of Death. 1758 Boswell Lett. (1924) 6 f^orn i to 2, [IJ attend a college upon Roman Antiquities. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 66 A series of animadversions.. published upon it in a provincial paper. 1824 Byron XVI. xlvii. She.. Made epigrams.. Upon her friends. 1893 Stevenson Catriona xii. He engaged the goodwife.. with some compliments upon the rizzoring of our haddocks. t(6) 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour 107 Now I shalle telle yow upon this matere of a good lady. 1528 in Roy Rede me, etc. (Arb.) 152 Austyne sayeth vppon the psalter, ye clargy occupyeth the secular lordshyppe secularly. 1574 R. Bristow Treatise 47 Vpon these two, Christ.. and his Church, ronneth al the Scriptures. 1581 Fulke in Confer. III. (1583) Qijb, I wil not vouchsafe to replie vpon this answere. 1605 Camden Rem. 143 But he repaied him with this re-allusion vppon the name. 1710 Steele Tatler No. 14 pi My Design of observing upon Things. 1748 Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. 185, 1.. am the less solicitous . .10 amplify upon the contents of either. 1481 in Blades H'. Caxton (1882) 231 The polytyque book.. whiche that Tullius wrote vpon the disputacons [etc.], c 1600 W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) 9 A Fvneral Sonet, written ^he death of.. Elizabeth Dowglas. 1709 Addison Tatler No. 163 P3The Sonnet. . was written upon a Lady. 1776 Johnson in Boswell (1904) I. 647 A man who has never been engaged in trade himself may undoubtedly write well upon trade. 1791 ‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsem. (1809) 55 Had they spent as much time in riding upon turnips, as they have in writing upon them.

III. I n other senses.

UPPER

304 t23. From (a person or persons), esp. by means of hostile attack; = on prep. 23. Obs. (Cf. 21.) Const, with verbs, as make, nim, recover, take, win', also conquer V. 2 b, GAIN D.* 4. 1338 Brunne Chron. (1810) 22 Uppon Saynt Edmunde Northfolk he nam. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 291 Egbertus .. took Chestre uppon pe Britouns. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. 3423 Troyens han wonne a-geyn her londe Vp-on Grekis. 1483 in Acta Dom. Cone. II. Introd. 114 Quhilk some was recoverit be.. Dure apone the said Schir Johne. 01533 Kd. Berners Huon sz'j A ryche shyp, the whiche was wonne vpon the sowdans men. 1568 Grafton Chron. II. 194 They wanne dayly and yerely vpon the sayd Turkes, so that they had .. much of the landes. 1643 Prynne Doom Cowardice Treach. 6 At last by such forcible assaults the said Towne was taken upon the said Robert. 1654 Bramhall J'wi/ Vind. i. (1661) 2 Whatsoever the Popes of Rome gained upon us. 1660 Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 187 The prizes made by the Ostenders upon the Kings subjects. 1742 Leoni Palladio's Archit. II. 66 The Spoils made upon Pyrrhus King of Epirus.

t24. In respect of; = on prep. 24. Ohs. 01310 in Wright Lyric P. v. 26 He is blosme opon bleo brihtest under bis. 13.. Cursor M. 2034 (Gott.), He lis here vte, cum se pu sal, Naked apon his limes all.

25. On (a musical instrument). c 1384 Chaucer H. Fame iii. 110 Ther herd I pleyen vpon an harpe .. Orpheus ful craftely. 1524 Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 499/1 Playing apoun organis in the Kingis chapell. 1552 in Feuillerat Revels Edw. F/(1914) 89, I haue provided one to plaie vppon a kettell drom. 1621 Brathwait Nat. Embassie Ded., Able to play vpon an oaten pipe. 1683 Kennett tr. Erasm. on Folly 68 No more skill.. than a Pig playing upon the Organs. 1709 Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. I. 149 A great many of ’em.. can toot, toot, toot, it upon a Pipe. 1804-6 Syd. Smith Mor. Philos. (1850) 175 Any air.. performed upon such an instrument as the bagpipe. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hall 2 When you want me, sound upon the bugle-horn. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. ii. 380 Discoursing laments upon the Bagpipes.

26. Denoting advance from or improvement on some standard, etc. See also improve v. 8, improvement 6 b, refine v. 10. 1662 Evelyn Chalcogr. 50 Which afterwards Sebastian Serli refining upon composed the better part of that excellent book of his. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 44 iP6 The French have therefore refin’d too much upon Horace’s Rule. 1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. iii. 301 An improvement was made upon this doctrine. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIV. 197 Mr. Collins has improved greatly upon his last year’s exhibition. 1859 Gladstone Glean. (1879) II. 171 If he continues to advance upon himself as he has advanced heretofore.

fu'pon, adv. Obs. (exc. arch, in sense i b). [Ellipt. use of prec.] 1. a. On it; on or upon the surface. 1307 York Memo. Bk. (Surtees) I. 181 Lether with the here apon. 1382 Wyclif Ecclus. xxxiii. 6 An hors courser .. vnder eche man vpon sittende ne3eth. 1547 in Feuillerat Rei'els Edw. VI (1914) 13 Changeable Taffita stripyd vpon with blewe golde dornix. 1567 in Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. (1907) IV. 90 A clothe of blacke and redd wroughte with goulde vpon. 1596 Shaks. Merch. V. 11. vii. 57 A coyne that beares the figure of an Angell Stampt in gold, but that’s insculpt vpon.

b. On one’s person, as an article of apparel. Phr. clothed upon., after biblical use (see quot. 161I.) Cf. CLOTHE tJ. 9. a 1366 Chaucer Rom. Rose 364 A chapelet, so semly oon, Ne werede neuer mayde vpon. c 1386-Friar's T. 84 He [sc. a gay yeoman] hadde vp-on a courtepy of grene. 1390 Gower Conf. 11. 246 And sche.. hir scherte dede upon And caste on hire a mantel clos. 1446 Lydg. Two Nightingale P. ii. 123 Whan Crist Ihesu was for mankynd dede And had vpon a gamement ful newe. 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge I. 1301 His gloues, his gyrdell, the kynge had vpon. 1611 Bible 2 Cor. v. 2 Desiring to be clothed vpon with our house, which is from heauen. 1643 Caryl Expos. Job 1885 Those bodies of Saints .. shall be cloathed upon with a house which is from Heaven. 1895 L. Johnson Poems 34 Old ramparts, gray and stem; But comely clothed upon With wealth of moss and fern. 1930 Month Mar. 230 Ancient stones, like Ezekiel’s dry bones, need to be clothed upon.

2. a. Into or to a position on a surface or object; so as to be put or placed on the thing in question. 1382 W^yclif Num. xvii. 2 Of echon the name thow shalt vpon write [L. superscribes] to his 3erde. C1400 Lanfranc's Cirurgie 219 Make it abrood upon a cloop & leie it vpon hoot, c 1440 Pallad. on Husb. vii, 106 Do donge vppon and vmbe on euery side. 1534 ^'indale Luke xx. 18 But on whosoever it faul vpon, it wyll grynde him to powder.

b. In a direction towards something indicated or specified. c 1400 Apol. Loll. 2 Jjer for, if we wil, we mai calle bischoppis, locars up on. 1593-1611 [see look v. 46].

3. On or upon that (in time or order); thereafter, thereupon. Esp. coupled with anon, near, soon. See also hereupon, thereupon, whereupon advs. 14.. Lydgate's Bochas v. 2898 .Afftir whos deth anon vpon [MS. Harl. 1245 vpon anoon] suyng, To Euergetes.. She was ageyn ioyned in manage, c 1440 Generydes 1926 Thanne came the prince of Cesare sone vppon. Ibid. 6632 Kyng auferius fell seke anon vppon. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 12 So that they be sowen ere the begynnynge of Marche, or sone vpon. 1602 Shaks. Ham. i. ii. 179 Ham. I thinke it was to see my Mothers Wedding. Hor. Indeed my Lord, it followed hard vpon. 1603-Meas.forM. iv. vi. 14 The.. Citizens Haue hent the gates, and very neere vpon The Duke is entnng. 1606-Tr. Cr. iv. iii. 3 It is great morning, and the houre prefixt.. Comes fast vpon.

4. By way of addition, increase, etc. 01485 Fortescue Wks. (1869) 487 Why will God put uppon newe turments ovir the travaile of ther labour?

fupon, obs. var. open a. (Cf. upen a.) 13.. E.E. Allit. P. B. 453 )?enne wafte he vpon his wyndowe. 14.. 5ir Bewer (E.) 87/1691 Anon pe gate he vpon look.

t uponland, adv. Obs. Also 3 -4 vp o londe, 5 Sc. upolande; 5-6 vp of land, and upaland. [f. uppe MPadv.^ + ON prep. ih{o prep.^) + land5^.* Cf. UPLAND adv.^] In the country, as opposed to the town. a. 0900 in Thorpe Anc. Laws (1840) I. 118 Be ciepemonna fore uppe on londe. rx386 Chaucer Prol. 702 A cure person dwellynge vp on lond. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas rol. 84 Folkis that duellyn vp-on lande. ri48o Henryson Twa Mice i, The vther [mouse] wynnit vponland. Sheep Sf Dog xviii, Ane schireff stout, Quhilk .. dytis all the pure men vpon land [1568 Bann. MS. vp of land]. j3. C1300 Havelok 763 Gode paniers..to beren fish inne, Vp o-londe to selle and fonge. 14.. Burgh Laws Scotland xxxiv. It is for to wyt that men upolande may borow thair pundis thryis. y. c 1440 Alph. Tales 173 On a tyme he was lugid on a night in a howse vp of land. 1568 [see a. above].

h.Jokn Uponland, a rustic. (Cf. upaland b.) a 1568 in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 269/26 This said Johnne vponland.

fuponlandis, obs. Sc. var. uplands a. CI480 Henryson Fables heading (Harl. MS.). The Taill of the vponlandis Mous and the burges Mous.

tuponon(e, adv. Obs. rare. Also uponan. [f. upon prep. + one pron. 32 f.] = anon adv. 4. C1400 Destr. Troy 2418, I onswaret hym esely euyn vponon. Ibid. 6712 Polidamas .. can fight, with his Enmeis full egurly, euer vpon-one.

'up-patient, [up a.-, cf. up adv.^ 7 a.] An in¬ patient in hospital no longer confined to bed. 1952 ‘R. Gordon’ Doctor in House xi. 119 Two uppatients, dressing-gowned old gentlemen. 1959 Manch. Guardian 19 Aug. 5/6 Topham is an up-patient... We started him with a couple of hours up each morning. 1976 J. GRENFELLjoyre Grenfell requests P/easure (1977) xi. 163 Lippatients sat on the grass on grey army blankets.

tuppe, V. Obs. Forms: i yppan, 2 ippen, 3 uppen. [OE. yppan (also geyppan), f. upp up adv.'^, giving southern ME. uppen, midland ippen. Cf. ON. yppa (MDa. yppe), and OHG. uffan (MHG. uffen, ufen, obs. G. aufen).'\ trans. To display or make manifest; to bring to notice; to make known. C897 K. .Elfred Gregory's Past. C. lix. 451 Daet we hit.. forSy yppen Cset mon God herije. ^900 tr. Baeda's Hist. iv. XXV. (1890) 352 Se Codes mon.. pa unrotnesse his heortan .. ypte & cySde. a 1000 Colloq. JElJric in Wr.-Wiilcker 102 Ic ne deor yppan pe dijla ure. CI200 Trin. Coll. Horn. 165 Here wombe is here crist, and all iuele forbisne hie ippen of hem seluen. a 1225 Ancr. R. 146 HereneS nu .. hu hit is to uppen & 3elpen of god dede. Ibid.. Ancre pet was iwuned .. wel uorte wurchen, & seo66en .. uppede hit & scheawede.

uppen: see up prep.^ 'uppen, V. E. Angl. ? Obs. [f. up adv.^ + -en^. Cf. uppe t).] trans. To bring up, mention, disclose. 1565 Golding Ovid*s Met. iii. 344 When that after mickle talke..Joves name was upned. 1567 Ibid. xii. 179 Every wyght Delyghts too uppen oftentymes.. The perills and the narrow brunts. 1583 - Calvin on Deut. xxi. 125/2 It woulde not haue booted at all to haue vppened neuer so many thinges by parcellmeale. 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 460 Veow didnt uppen it did ye?

up-'pent, pa. pple. (up- 5.) 1600 Fairfax Tasso X. xlii, With this siege, if we be long vp pent, Famine I doubt. 1614 Gorges Lucan i. 18 A proud Courser.. in the stable close vp-pent. 1870 A. O’Shaughnessy Poems, Neglected Harp 15 These wondrous melodies up-pent And languishing in me.

'upper, si.' [From upper a.] 1. a. That part of a boot or shoe above the sole and welt. Usu. pi. 1789 G. Parker Life's Painter of Variegated Characters v. 36 If the top and leg of a jack-boot were joined to a dog-skin upper and a buff sole. 1845 J. Coulter Adv. in Pacific ix. 112 My shoes were .. only held together by passing straps of goat-skin under the soles, over the uppers. 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 4769, Grained leather; machine-closed uppers. 1880 Times 21 Sept. 4/4 Forcing the needle through the outer sole, the edge of the upper, and the insole. attrib. 1875 Knight Diet. Mech., Upper-machines,.. those for cutting out or preparing the uppers of boots or shoes.

b. U.S. A cloth gaiter for wearing above the shoe over the ankle {Cent. Diet. 1891). c. In fig. phr. (dcruin) on one's uppers', in poor or reduced circumstances; having hard luck; also formerly to walk (etc.) on one's uppers, colloq. (orig. U.S.). 1886 Lantern 8 Sept. 4/3 The Royal Street actors who are walking on their uppers, must mourn .. when they .. hear of some of the boys spending 200 a week yachting. 1891 Cent. Diet. s.v. 1895 Roberts & Morton Adv. Arthur Roberts xi. 143, I know two actors who were left, as the term goes, ‘on their uppers’, in a town in the heart of the Midlands. 1899 'J. Flynt’ Tramping with Tramps i. v. 117 I’s been a moocher, an’ now I’s shatin’ on me uppers. 1901 Munsey's Mag. XXV. 432/1 The rumor whirled about the Street that Greener was in difficulties. Financial ghouls , said .. 'Greener is on his uppers’. 1903 Judy 9 Dec. 577/1 ‘What would you do if you were in my shoes?’ 'Eh? Oh. then I

UPPER should be fairly down on my uppers.’ 1905 R. Marsh Spoiler of Men xxv. 227 ‘I’m on mv uppers... I want money.’ ‘So do uc all.' 1918 Blacku-. Siag. May 602 2 We arc pretty well down on our uppers as regards transport. 1985 n. U lULlA.MS Wedding Treasure ii. 31 My guess is the swine’s on his uppers... He’s going for the ten thousand a year.

2. a. An upper jaw, dental plate, tooth, etc. 1878 C. Hunter Mech Dentistry 79 In the case of edentulous or nearly’ edentulous uppers or lowers. 1900 Hutchinson's Arch. Surg. XI. 222 On the backs of both uppers .. there are now peculiar changes. 1904 F. P. Dunne in M estm. Gaz. 14 Oct. 1/3 He [re. a child] has two uppers an’ four lowers.

b. ellipt. for upper deck, storey, berth, etc. *938 ‘OiRALDi's’ Merry Matloe Again 179 Just sit down opposite the hatch and contemplate your new shipmates as, one by one, they troop on the ‘upper’. 1955 F. O'Connor ll'ise Blood i. 17 The man in the station. . had sold him a berth .. an upper one... A sign said to get the porter to let you into the uppers. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 30,6 (Advt.), Well located duplex with extra large upper. 1969 Dotvn Beat 17 Apr. 16/1 Two chartered sleeping cars carried the men across the United States like royalty —and nobody ever had to take an upper.

3. U.S. A log or piece of sawed lumber of superior grade. 1877 Lumberman's Gazette 24 May, The finest stock of Uppers to be found in the country.

4. a. Public school slang. A pupil of the upper school. 1929 J. Buchan Courts of Morning 11. viii. 379 The Eton Beagles in the fields beyond Slough, and himself and Lariarty, both newly become uppers, struggling desperately to keep up with the field. 1937 [see pi-jaw sA.].

b. colloq. An upper-class person. 1955 3 . ff. Pear Eng. Social Differences iii. 90 While many people use ’person’ indiscriminately, some 'uppers’ employ It chiefly in a derogatory sense. 1967 [see lower a. (sb.) 3 a]. 1968 Economist 27 .Apr. p. v/i The genuine uppers’ genuine feeling of superiority.

'upper, sb.'^ slang (orig. U.S.). [f. t’p v. -h -er‘; cf. UP s aboute the swanes .. at the syttynge tyme and uppynge tyme. 1584-5 Order for Swans, His Dinner and Supper free, on the vpping day.

2. The action of getting up; only attrib. in upping-block, -stock, -stone, a horse-block, a mounting-stone. Also in dial, use with -chock, -steps. 1796 Grose's Diet. Vulgar T. (ed. 3), * Upping block, steps for mountirig a horse. 1826 Cobbett Rur. Rides (1830) 529 Houses .. with large stone upping-blocks against the walls of them. 1883 Trans. Amer. Philol. Soc. 55 Upping-block, ‘a horse-block,’ in common use in West Virginia. 01^1 Aubrey Nat. Hist. Wilts (1847) 26 At the foot of Shotoverhill, near the *upping-stock. 1820 Sporting Mag. VI. 159 An itinerant preacher on the upping-stock at the back of my house. 1856 G. Roberts Soc. Hist. Eng. 560 Upping stocks and horse blocks were necessary when double horses were in use. 1809 Hazlitt in The Hazlitts (1911) I. 433 A conception of the ladder which I learned from the *upping stone on the down.

3. dial. The end, issue, or upshot of a matter. 1828- in Yks. and Lane, glossaries.

Uppish (’ApiJ), a. Also 8-9 upish. [f.

up

adv.'^ -I-

-ISH.]

11. a. Flush of money. Obs. 1678 in Pollock Popish Plot (1903) App. B. 382 The one saying to the other that., he would treat him., with wine and oysters, whereupon the other replied ..: ‘What you are uppish then, are you?’ 01700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Uppish, rampant, crowing, full of Money. He is very Uppish, well lined in the Fob; also brisk.

fb. Elevated in station. Obs. 1797 Hubbub 7 No sooner did he get a little uppish in the world, than [etc.].

2. fa. Elated; in high spirits; cock-a-hoop. Common in the early years of the i8th century, freq. const, upon. Johnson (1755) defines as ‘proud; arrogant’ and adds ‘A low word’. a. 01704 T. Brown Wks. (1720) I. 173 Half-pay Officers at the Parade very uppish upon the Death of the King of Spain. 1708 T. Cockman in Ballard MSS. XXI. 81 Ye Brinish Papists were mighty uppish upon ye attempt made upon Scotland. 1722 Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 643 The Jacobites are uppish, and very big in their hopes. 1746 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 289, I fear the Victory will have very bad consequences, if it render the Ministry uppish and secure. /S. 1710 Wentworth Papers (1883) 122 The Torys are very upish and expect all to come in for Places. 1712 Swift J^rn/. to Stella 25 Jan., I find Dingley smelled a rat; because the Whigs are upish; but if ever I hear that word again, I’ll uppish you. 1802 A. Carlyle Autobiog. (1861) 154 He agreed with me that they [sc. the Jacobites] had less ground for being so sanguine and upish than they imagined.

fb. Elevated with drink. Obs.-^ 1728 Vanbrugh Journey to London iii. i, Lady Head. Not so drunk, I hope, but that he can drive us? Serv. Yes, yes, Madam, he drives best when he’s a little upish.

c. Ready to take offence; peevish. Now dial, or Obs.

short-tempered,

1778 Miss Burney Evelina Iv, Miss is so uppish this morning, that I think I had better not speak to her again. 1785 Grose Diet. Vulgar T., Uppish, testy, apt to take offence. 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 460 A man prone to take offence is said to be uppish: —or pepperish-, apt to be hot. 1863 Mrs. C. Brock Margaret's Secret ii. 31 When I used to find fault he would get uppish with me, and answer back rudely.

d. Inclined to be ‘stuck up’; putting on airs; aiming at gentility. 1789 O’Keefe Farmer i. ii, Must bounce a few, Betty’s so upish—likely wou’dn’t have me else. 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIII. 365 It is according to human nature to feel uppish on preferment. 1858 Trollope Dr. Thorne xxxiv, You think he’s an uppish sort of fellow, I know, and you don’t like to trouble him. 1886 Besant Childr. Gibeon n. xxxii, She’s uppish you know,.. and he’s only a working-man.

e. dial. (See quots.) uppie (’Api). slang, [-y®, -ie.] = upper sb.^ 1966 Sunday Times and downies, pep pills Death Trick (1976) ii. few uppies. I haven’t

(Colour Suppl.) 13 Feb. 35/4 Uppies and tranquillisers. 1975 J. F. Burke 22 There’s nothing in the box but a got a regular prescription.

up-'piled, pa. pple. and ppl. a. (up- 5.) 1600 Fairfax Tasso xix. xxx. 342 There vnderneath th’ vnburied hils vppilde Of bodies dead, the liuing buried lie. *742^ Collins Ode Poet. Char. 55 High on some cliff, to heav n up-pil d. 1796 Coleridge To Yng. Friend 2 A green mountain variously up-piled. 1818 Keats fndyw. ii. 288 He cannot see.., up pil’d. The cloudy rack slow journeying in the west. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 88 Thrice the Sire in rums laid The up-piled mountains with his flash. 1873 Symonds Grk. Poets i. 28 With Homeric games and pyres up-piled to heaven.

1841 Hartshorne Salop. Ant. Gloss. 605 Uppish, pert, proud, impudent. 1854 Miss Baker Northampt. Gloss., Uppish, captious, pert, self-opinionated, tenacious of opposition.

3. Characterized by presumption or affecta¬ tion of superiority. 01734 North Exam. (1740) 48 It seems [that] daring to rail at Informers .. and Officers was not uppish enough, but his Lordship must rise so high as daring to limit the Power ..of the Crown. 1808 Eliz. Hamilton Cottagers of Glenburnie ii. 37 Besides, she is getting uppish notions, from sitting up like a lady from morning to night. 1864 J. H. Newman Apol. 100 Discouraging and correcting whatever was uppish or extreme in our followers.

4. Slightly elevated or directed upwards. 1862 Morn. Star 9 June, Hayward sends a long uppish hit. 1887 Daily News i July 6/4 After two uppish strokes Mr.

UPPISHLY

UPREAR

309

Scott hit remarkably well. 1895 K’esim. Peel was there to hold the uppish ball.

Gaz. 2 March 5/1

'up-putting,

Hence 'uppishness.

vbl. sb. Sc. [up- 7.]

11. The action of erecting or setting up.

1716 N. Hough in Thoresby Corr. (1832) 11. 341 The uppishness and indiscretion .. of some .. in the West Riding, u 1832 Benth.sm (. hrestom. Tab. i. Uppishness a probable result of the distinctions thus obtained. 1867 Card. Chron. 16 Nov. ii8o;i The uppishness, the insolence, and the lawlessness of some of the young men. 1896 j. H. Wylie Gist. Eng. Gen. IP, III. 468 The staid authorities resented his uppishness: but his spirit was irrepressible.

*5*3 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) 1. 86 For vpputting of the weddercok of Sanct Nicholace stepill,.. vlib. 1597 II. 158 The perfyting, ending, and vpputting of ane dyell. . one the tolbuyith. 1642 in Cramond Ann. Cullen (^1888) 41 Anent upputting and edifeing the tolbuith. 01670 Spalding Trou6. Chas. / (1840) I. 313 To tak doun the portrait of our blissid virgyn Marie., that had stand since the vpputting thairof. 2. Accommodation, lodging. (Cf, put

'uppishly, adv. [f. uppish a. + -ly^] a. Cricket. Of the ball, etc.: in a slightly upward direction, esp. so as to give some chance of a catch. 1904 P. F. Warner Goiv tee recovered Ashes 109 Just after he had passed his hundred, he sent one uppishly through the slips. 1955 .A Ross Australia 55 t37 Hutton .. then turned Archer a shade uppishly through the short-legs. 1963 Times ti Jan. 10/6 Guest., drew one false stroke out of Dexter which went uppishly past gully.

b. In an uppish (sense 2d) manner.

uppity ('Apiti), a. colloq. (orig. and chiefly Ij.S.). [f. UP adv.' -h -it- + -y': cf. biggity a.] Above oneself, self-important, ‘jumped-up’; arrogant, haughty, pert, putting on airs. Cf. UPPISH a. 2d. a. attrib. 1880 J. C. Harris JJncle Remus 86 Hit wuz wunner deze yer uppity little Jack Sparrers, I speck. 1933 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Nov. 776/2 Grammy is living contentedly enough with an 'uppity' young creature named Penny. 1952 F. L. Allen Big Change ii. viii. 130 The effect of the automobile revolution was especially noticeable in the South, where one began to hear whites complaining about 'uppity niggers’ on the highways, where there was no Jim Crow. 1982 B. Chatwin On Black Gill v. 28 He had a head for figures and a method for dealing with 'uppity' tenants.

b. predic.

Hence 'uppitiness, the quality ‘uppity’; an instance of this.

of

being

*935 IJ- b. Davis Honey in Horn x. 145 Clay’s bravery and uppitiness had done nothing. 1966 Listener 27 Oct. 622/1 She had decided that Joyce was ‘pretentious’ and ‘under¬ bred’. .. But who was Virginia Woolf to talk (in this purely literary sense) of ‘uppitiness’? 1975 Ibid. 9 Oct. 479/1 Few delegates seemed versed in Private Eye nomenclature and would, anyway, disapprove of such uppityness. 1982 R. Bar.nard Death Princess ii. 17 Joe may appreciate my couthness.. but he can sniff out uppitiness.

up'plucked, pa. pple. (up- 5. Cf. upplucking up6 (a), and Du. opgeplukt.) C1440 Pallad. on flush, vii. 61 Now benys,.. vpplucked sone, \Iaad dene, and sette vp. ^1449 Pecock Repr. l. x. 51 In this wise .. is vnrootid and vppluckid . . the firste of theiij. opiniouns. 1582 Stanyhurst dEneis iii. (Arb.) 71 When an ooiher wicker is vp pluckt.. From that stub.

uppon, var. up prep.^ Obs.; obs. f. upon prep. up-pouring: see up- 7{b). up-'pricked, pa. pple. (up-

5.)

1592 Shaks. Ven. & Ad. 271 His eares vp prickt..; His nostrils drinke the aire. 1777 Mason Eng. Card. 11. 343 The cow'ard hare.. Will.. steal, with ear Up-prick’d. to gnaw the toils.

'up-push. rare, [up-

up'raisal.

[up- 2.]

2.]

A pushing upwards.

1910 J. \V. Greene Clin. Course Dental Prosthesis 46 There is now a little general up-push all along the yielding line. 1940 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Apr. 23/1 {heading) Rails continue up-push in bonds, i960 R. W. Marks Dymaxion World B. Fuller zHji If such a man took the proper head¬ long attitude, with respect to air resistance, the amount of up-push required to keep him plummeting forward should be no more than that supplied by his leg muscles to give him his initial altitude.

'up-put. Sc. [up- ib, 2.] 1. ‘The power of secreting’ (Jam.). 01689 Cleland Poems (1697) *0* Tho he can swear.. And Ivc, I think he cannot hide... They are not fitt For Stealth, that want a good up-put.

2. = UP-PUTTING vbl. sb. 2. 1866 Gregor Banffshire Gloss. 204. 1893 Stevenson Catriona xix. Ye’ll can leave your horse here and your bags, for it seems we’re to have your up-put.

t'up-,putter. Sc. Obs. [upor erects.

8.]

One who raises

01578 biNDESAY (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 194 I'hair promovearis or vpputaris to that he estait. 1623 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1848) II. 385 The wpputter thairoff,.. that w ald haw c the said windo rccdifiei,.. sail rcedific and put wp the said windo. 1721 in Gordon Chron. Keith, etc. (1880) 97 As upputters at the first and proprietors of the sd. loft.

=

upheaval i.

1865 Jevons Coal Quest, ii. 25 The upraisals, the downfalls, the dislocations,.. which rocks have suffered.

sb.

U.S. Mining,

[up-

2.]

A shaft

made by working upwards. 1877 Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 158 A drift.. has been run through the .. ground, and an upraise commenced. 1882 U.S. Rep. Prec. Met. 98 At the end of this [tunnel] they are pushing an upraise, finding the rock a little softer as they go up.

up-, opresa, -reesa uppresa), MDa. uprese, oprese, opreise (Da. oprejse).] up'raise.u. [up-4. Cf. MSw.

(Sw.

11. trans. To raise from the dead. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 14363 Son oueral pis tipand ras O lazar pat vpraisid was. CI340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4325 He sal alswa dede men uprays. 1382 Wyclif Matt. x. 8 Hele 3e seke men, vpreyse see dead men. 1533 Gau Richt Vay 29 He

These upraised strata. . form a terrace. 1877 Huxley Physiogr. 212 The upraised deposits of silt which skirt the estua^ of the Clyde.

2. Directed upw'ards. *707 E- Settle Siege of Troy i. ii. 9 Hail, beauteous goddess, all divine. Our up-rais’d eyes and hearts all thine. 1817 Coleridge Biog. Lit. II. xxiv. 309 The upraised Eye views onlv the starry Heaven. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles xii. 124 The big tears that rolled from her upraised eyes.

3. Sounded aloud. 1871 S. B. James Duty & Doctrine (ed. 3) 173 Penitence .. must mingle with the upraised notes of gladness.

up'raiser. [up- 8.] One who raises up. C1440 wycliffite Bible 2 Sam. xxii. 3 (MS. Bodl. 277). be horn of myn hel^e. myn upreiser [L. elet>ator], and my refuyt. c 1440 Jacob's W^ell 59 Alle comoun baratours, vprayserys of vnry3tfull batayles. 1533 Gau Rxcht Vay 88 lesus christus.. is .. the veray wprayscr of al marcie and grace.

up'raising, vbl. sb. (up- 7. Cf. ON. uppreising, -reisningy MSw. and MDa. up-, opresning.) c 1400 Love Bonavent. Mirr. (1908) 179 Thou art.. Resurreccioun or vpreysynge and lyf. ^1454 Pecock Folewer 15 His witt schal Jjerbi take in maner now scid a greet vpreisyng. 1611 Cotgr., Resource,..a recouerie, vpraistng, rising againe. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 839 The successive upraising of the roof of a gallery. 1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 19 Jan. 17/4 The upraising going on in the underground working is progressing very satisfactorily. 1936 Belloc Battle Ground xi. 225 Some said he was Elias, come back to the up-raising of men.

up'raising, ppl. a. (up- 6 b.) 1609 Daniel Civ. Wars vii, Ixxii, Think whether this poore State .. Stands not in need of some vp-raysing hand. i860 Ellicott Life Our Lord v. 229 The upraising hand of the great Healer.

sal wpraisz agane al thayme to the euerlestand lyff.

2. fa. To raise by laudation; to extol. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 27584 We agh ilk man upraise. And in vr hert vreelf dispraise. 1595 Spenser Col. Clout 355 By wondring at thy Cynthiaes praise,.. thy selfe thou mak st vs more to wonder. And her vpraising, doest thy selfe vpraise. b. To raise (or direct) to a higher level; to lift up or elevate;

^ 1932 Sun (Baltimore) 23 Aug. 6/2 [She] could have plenty o’ friends. The trouble with her is she thinks folks too common to bother with unless they’re too uppity to bother with her. 1947 'N. Shute’ Chequer Board 68 They’ve been here alone too long, and they’ve got uppity. 1955 F. O Connor H ise Blood v. 89, 1 reckon you ain’t as uppity as you was last night. 1966 D. Bagley Wyatt’s Gurricane i. 27 1 he Navy is trying to build up Cap Sarrat as a substitute for Guantanamo in case Castro gets uppity and takes it from them. 1973 P. White Eye of Storm viii. 381, I came prepared to rough it... It’s Dorothy who grows uppity if all the cons aren’t mod.

v. 560,)

1815 Scott Guy M. ix. You, who have free upputting— bed, board, and washing. 1831 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. & Mem. (1903) I. 37 We succeeded to realising a much better upputting .. in the house of a Mrs. Miles. 1895 Crockett Men of Moss-hags xxxviii. In the wild country .. was no provision for the up-putting of young.. maids.

'upraise,

1921 G. B. Shaw Blanco Posnet Pref. 307 The majority of the Committee began by taking its work uppishiv and carelessly, i960 M. Spark Ballad Peckham Rye vii. 141 'Miss Merle Coverdale, one of my unotBcial helpers,’ Dougal said uppishly. 1981 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 June 727/2 Rowland Lacy, wooer of the uppishly poised Rose.

Obs.

fig. to exalt.

In the 19th c. the pa. pple. after the noun is common, as ‘with hand upraised’.

a 1300 E.E. Psalter xxxvi. 37 (E.), I saw pe wicked man .. vpraised als cedre of Yban. C1385 Chaucer L.G.W. 1163 Dido, Whan that the mone vp reysed hadde his lyght. *43®'40 Lydg. Bochas ix. 2351 Lik as Phebus passeth a litil sterre, Hiest vpreised in his mydday speere. 1563 Mirr. Mag. Viv, Dead laye his corps, ..Tyil swellyng syghes.. Upraysde his head. 1748 Thomson Cast. Indol. 11. Ixvii, The sick uo-rais’d their heads, and dropp’d their woes awhile. 1788 Wolcot (P. Pindar) Brother Peter Wks. 18 r 6 I. 380 This lord .. uprais’d his convert chin. 1791 Cowper Odyssey ix. 624 Then pray’d the Cyclops.. With hands upraised toward the starry heaven. 1821 Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 61 Cowslips,.. upraise your loaded stems. 1830 Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 458 Both these accounts.. agree in expressly stating, that the sea retired, and one mentions that its bottom was upraised. 1874 Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. xcv. 5 He bade the isles upraise their heads. fig. 1828 Atherstone Fall of Nineveh I. 238 The fire-eyed priest Upraised his voice, and called upon the Gods. c. To raise from a prostrate, low, or dejected state; to assist, encourage, or cheer. a pore man fro dritt. 1533 Gau Richt Vay 105 The vangel or ioiful tithandis .. throw the quhilk he wesz wprasit in his hart. 1600 Fairfax Tasso i. ii, O heauenly muse,.. Inspire life in my wit, my thoughts vpraise. 1610 Fletcher Faithf. Sheph. v. i. Once again upraise Her heavy Spirit that near drowned lyes In self consuming care. 1667 Milton P.L. x. 946 He.. thus with peaceful words uprais’d her soon. 1723 Briton No. 18 (1724) 76 It help’d the Distressed, uprais’d the Heavyhearted. 1746 Francis tr. Hor., Sat. ii. viii. 80 Sure he had wept,.. But wise Nomentane thus up-rais’d his Friend. 1809-14 W’ORDSW. Excurs. iv. 574 Furnished thus, How can you droop, if willing to be upraised? 1818 Milman Samor VII. 409 Oh, Monarch, ..to repentant deeds of mightiest fame Heaven can upraise the farthest sunken. 1850 Blackie JEschylus II. 120 They with Mercy’s vote upraised us From the prostrate woe. d. To excite, rouse,

rare.

e kastelle of Bamborgh pe walles he did vpreise. C1400 Laud Troy Bk. 4658 Thei ran alle..To sette vp tentis, Pauylons to l^lde;..Many a tent was ther vp-reysed. 1513 Douglas JEneid xi. vi. 47 That sammyn douchty hand .. Quhilk now.. Vprasit hes the cite Argyripas. 1582 Stanyhurst JEneis i. (Arb.) 26 Romulus .. towne wals statelye shal vpraise .. Of Rome.

ppl. a. [up- 5. Cf. prec.] 1. a. Raised or lifted up; elevated. C1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 117 Vpraysyd shuidren bytoknys sharpe nature. 1785 W’ilkins ahagvat 'upraised,

xi. 90 The mighty compound .. being Haree, having.. thus spoken, made evidenthis.. heavenly form; of many a mouth and eye;.. many an ^-raised weapon. 1796 Mme. D’Arblay Camilla V. 476 The upraised arm of the form before her dropt. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxii. (1856) 173 The thickness of the upraised tables. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 204 He saw Hutkeeper leap at him, with upraised tomahawk. 1898 Alibutt's Syst. Med. \. 611 Osseous material.. beneath the upraised periosteum. b.

Spec, in Geol.

Raised by upheaval.

1835 Lvell Prtne. Geol. (cd. 4) II. 342 Near Uddevalla.. we find upraised deposits of shells, i W3-Antiq. Man 45

uprape: see up- 4. fupras. Obs. [a. ON. upprds, f. upp- up- 2 + rds RACE Resurrection. a 1300 Cursor M. 17784 Yow thine selcut.. O iesus vp-ras. Ibid. 18683 Sant thomas .. of his up-ras.. was in were.

up'rate, v. [up- 4.] trans. To raise to a higher standard, to upgrade; spec, to improve the performance of (a mechanical device or process); to increase the value of (a commodity, grant, etc.). 1965 National Observer (U.S.) 8 Feb. 15/1 The first stage of the Saturn i-B is similar.. except that its engines have been uprated to produce more power. 1968 Listener i Aug. 159/1 At a time when petrol prices were rather unstable, Esso uprated their Extra .. to super or five-star grade, a 1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 372 Every two years we uprate pensions in order to see that they don’t lose their purchasing power. 1980 ‘D. Rutherford’ Turbo ii. 29 The [car] springs had been uprated to carry the extra weight. 1984 Daily Tel. 25 Jan. 17/4 Government plans to uprate early leavers’ pensions by up to 5 p.c.

Hence up'rated ppl. a., up'rating vbl. sb. and ppl. a. Jane's Surface Skimmer Systems igdy-OS 116/2 More recent models are fitted with the uprated.. version of this marine diesel. 1968 Listener i Aug. 159/1 The recent mass switch to five-star petrol may .. be partly due to the uprating of Extra. 1.3~4 upriht, 4-5 vpriht, 4 up-, 5 vpryht; 3-5 up-, vprijt (4 op-), 4 uprijte, 5 vpry3t, vp-ryyht (upntjth); Sc. 5 vpe-, 6 vprycht, vpricht, 6upricht; 3-7 vpright (4-6 vprighte, 5 vpperight), 4-6 vpryght (4 vpperyght, 4-5 vpryghte), 5 upryght (upperyghte, 6 upryghte, upperyght); 4upright (6 uprighte, 7 uprite). [OE. up-, uppriht (f. up UP adv.' + riht right a.), = OFris. upriucht (WFris. oprjucht), MDu. oprecht, opregt (Du. oprecht), MLG. uprecht, upricht (LG. upricht, uprecht, upregt), OHG. (MHG.) ufreht (G. aufrecht, -richt), ON. uprettr (Da. opret, Sw. upprat).] A. adj. I. pred. 1. Erect on the feet or end; in or into a vertical position; perpendicular to the ground or other surface. (Cf. 3.) a. With verbs, as go, rise, sit, stand, walk. In OE. the advb. form uprihte is occas. used. Beowulf 2092 Hyt ne mihte swa sy8fian ic on yrre uppriht astod. 2x250 Gen. fp" Ex. 3248 De water up-stod..On twinne half, also a wal up-ri3t. 1297 R- Glouc. (Rolls) 5868 pis hoh man sat vpri3t, & ysei is dej?es wounde. 1340 Ayenb. glotoun gtp in to pc tauerne ha gep opri3t. 1388 W YCLIF Acts. xiv. 9 Rise thou vp ri3t on thi feet, c 1400 Anturs of Arthur 1, The king stode vp righte And commaunded pes. 14.. Sir Beues (M.) 4184 Sir Beues was wery . .That vnnethe he myght sitt vp-right. 1535 Coverdale Lev. xxvi. 13. I haue broken the cepter of youre yocke, and caused you to go vp right. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda s Conq. E. Ind. i. xxxii. 79 b, Many Noble men., all standing upright uppon theyr feete. 1607 Merry Devil Edmonton Induct. 3 My stiffned haire stands vpright

on my head. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, iii. 121 Upright he walks, on Pasterns firm and straight. 1703 [R. Neve] City & C. Purchaser 278 A Man likewise standing firmest when he stands uprightest. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia x. x, Supported by pillows, she sat almost upright. 1821 Lamb Elia Ser. i. My Relations, He.. has a spirit, that would stand upright in the presence of the Cham of Tartary. 1847 Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1883) 1.391,!.. can hardly sit upright. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 419 The films are thick enough to place in racks to wash, or to stand upright to dry.

b. With Other verbs (or ellipt.). a 1300 Cursor M. 3804 \>e stan his heued lai on pat night. In takning, he it sett vp right. CI391 Chaucer Astrol. 11. §28 Thise signes arisen more vpriht, 8c they ben called eke souereyn signes. a 1400 Northern Passion 143/158 Sodanly |7ir launces thre.. With outt mannys helpe war raysed vppe ryght. C1450 Lovelich Merlin 2698 Bothe dragowns.. thanne tornen.. hem bothe with gret myht, and meveth al the erthe evene vpryht. 1496 Cov. Leet Bk. 575 Maister Meire, hold vp-right your swerde. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. §24 His forkes and rakes..wolde be..beyked, and sette euen, to lye vpryght in thy hande. 1622 J. Taylor (Water P.) Farew. to Tower-bottles A 2 b, ’Twas my chance in Bacchus spight. To come into the Tower vnfox’d vpright. 1667 Milton P.L. i. 221 Forthwith upright he rears from oflf the Pool His mi^ty stature. 1700 Dryden Theodore & Honoria 146 Stood Theodore.. With chatt’ring Teeth, and bristling Hair upright. 1747 Wesley Prim. Physick (1755) 30 The Apoplexy... Rub the Head,.. and let two strong Men carry the Patient upright. 1807 Wordsw. White Doe i. 245 A vault where the bodies are buried upright. 1900 L. B. Walford One of Ourselves xiv, A tall figure reared itself upright at her approach.

c. In figurative uses. 01225 Ancr. R. 266 Herdi bileaue make® ou stonden up¬ riht. c 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 1298 pe mare .. pat we wax upright In welthe, and in worldly myght. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 8 [They] With good consail on alle sides Be kept upriht in such a wyse, That hate [etc.] 1399-Praise of Peace 6 The worschipe of this lond, which was doun faile, Now Slant upriht. C1412 Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 537 O engelond! stande vp-ryght on thy feet! c 1421 26 Pol. Poems xxi. 147 Of erpe 3e ben cleped ‘salt’..; Go vp-ri3t and be not halt. 1551 Crowley Pleas. Gf Pain 590 Al men should walk in their callynge vpryght. 1570-6 Lambarde Peramb. Kent 105 While the honour of the Britons stood vpright. 1609 Holland Amm. Marcell. xv. v. 38 Most wished it were to be, that our fortune alwaies continued upright. 1644 Milton Divorce (ed. 2) ii. iii. 40 The justice of God stood upright ev’n among heathen disputers. 1670 Cotton Espernon iii. xii. 601 Yet did he ever keep himself upright from manifesting his sorrow. 1822 Lamb Elia Ser. i. Dream Children, Pain .. could never bend her good spirits, or make them stoop, but they were still upright. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 14 June 2/1 To ‘keep the country upright’ should be., the first aim of the British Government.

fd. Cant. (See quot.) Obs. a 1700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew s.v., Go Upright, said by Taylers and Shoemakers, to their Servants, when any Money is given,.. and signifies, bring it all out in Drink, tho’ the Donor intended less.

t2. Lying or so as to lie at full length, flat or recumbent, on the back and with the face upwards; supine. Usu. with lie v. Ohs. aiioo in Napier O.E. Glosses 58/1 Supinus, upriht, astreht. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8635 He pulte him mid is vot & adoun vpri3t him caste, c 1300 Beket 93 This maide ful upri3t iswo3e tho heo him ise3. 13.. St. Cristofer 651 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 462 In his chayere he welte vpryghte. C1386 Chaucer Prioress' T. 159 Ther he with throte ykoruen lay vpright. c 1400 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton, 1483) III. vi. 54 They leyen euen vpright gapyng. C1450 Mirk's Festial i. 172 He saue eche tre full of bryddes lying vpry3t dede. 1539 Elyot Cast. Helthe 48 Lienge vpright on the backe is to be vtterly abhorred. 1555 Watreman Fardle Facions l. vi. 88 Leaste he should giue vp the ghoste lieng vpright. 1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 303 Sleeping upright upon the back be not healthfull. 1627 Drayton Nymphidia vii, And Mab.. Bestrids young Folks that lye vpright.

II. 3. a. Having the chief axis or distinctive part perpendicular to a surface; set or placed in a vertical position, posture, etc.; pointing or directed upwards; not inclined or leaning over (Cf. I b.) pred. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. viii. (Bodl. MS.), An erbe pat growij? in hard londe is litel and vpright. 1563 Golding (1565) 73 Theyr foredecks wer very streight vpright, and so were also theyr sternes. 1597 Gerarde Herball iii. 1226 Another kind of Myrtus.. groweth vpright vnto the height of a man. 1611 Bible Jer. x. 5 They [sc. idols] are vpright as the palme tree. 1666 Act 18 Sf ig Chas. II, c. 8 § 12 That all Lights.. made into any of them [ic. cellars] be .. made upright. 1719 De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 128 It cost me a Month to shape it.. to something like the Bottom of a Boat, that it might swim upright. 1759 R. Brown Compl. Farmer 112 ’Tis a grass that grows veiy upright. 1787 Best Angling 3 Such [fish] as swim with their backs upright, or at right angles to the horizon. attrib. 1420 Searchers Verdicts in Surtees Misc. (1890) 16 William of Alne hafes a upperyghte gavell. 1517 in Archaeologia (1883) XLVI I. 312 For makyng of an upright steyer of assheler. 1570 Billingsley Euclid xu. prop. 18. 382, I call that an vpright cone, whose axe is perpendicular to his base. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 755 This Violet groweth about a foote high or more, with hard upright stalkes. 1668 R. Steele Husbandm. Calling vii. (1672) 189 No creature upon earth hath an upright countenance as man hath. 1714 Young Force Relig. i. 290 When the winds., descend, The fair and upright stem is forc’d to bend. 1784 CowpER Task I. 355 The upright shafts of.. [the] tall elms. 1855 Poultry Chron. II. 602 Formed of upright bars of stout wire. 1870 Lubbock Orig. Civiliz. vi. (1875) 294 The custom of marking boundaries by upright stones. fig- 1600 Holland Livy 1359 During the upright and flourishing state of Rome.

b. In specific names of plants, etc. (see quots.). 1597 Gerarde Herbal i. 24 Vpright Dogs grasse or Quich grasse. Ibid n. 705 The vpright Pancie. 1597 [see

clamberer]. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 755 Viola surrecta purpurea, Vpright Violets. Ibid. 1462 Vpright Woodbinde or Hony suckle. 1731 Miller Gard. Diet. s.v. Malva, China Upright Mallow, with small white Flowers.

1760 J. Lee

Introd. Bot. App. 319 Upright Fir Moss, Lycopodium. 1822 Hortus Anglicus II. 92 S. Recta. Upright Stachys. 1830 Baxter's Libr. Agric. Knowl. 256 Nardus stricta. Upright mat grass. Ibid., Agrostis stricta. Upright hent. 1855 Miss Pratt Flower. PI. VI. 105 Upright Brome-grass. 1882 Garden ii March 166/2 The upright Acacia (fastigiata), a tree quite as erect in growth as the Lombardy Poplar.

c. Spec, and techn. (See quots.) upright pianoforte: see pianoforte. 1610 Guillim Heraldry iii. xxii. 167 Fishes are borne after a diuers manner, viz. Directly, Vpright, Imbowed [etc.]. 1611 CoTGR., La montee cTvn bastiment, th’vpper part of a building; or, a representation, or model! thereof, called the vpright plot of a building. 1638 S. Foster Art of Dialling 12 Of upright declining Plaines. Those Plaines are upright, which point up directly into the Zenith. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v.. Upright South Dyals. See Prime Verticles. [Prime Verticals, or Direct Erect North or South Dyals, are those whose Planes lie parallel to the Prime Vertical Circle.] 1727 Bailey (vol. II), Upright {vj'ith Heralds) is a Term used of Shell-fishes, when they stand so in a Coat of Arms. 1795 Stodart in Abridgm. Specif. Patents, Mus. (1871) 29 An upright grand piano in the form of a bookcase. 1802 Loud Ibid. 44 Improvements in the construction and action of upright pianofortes. 1875 Knight Diet. Mech. 2684/1 Upright,.. a term .. applied to a boiler whose hight is greater than its width. Ibid., Upright,.. a term applied to a moldingmachine whose mandrel is perpendicular. 1884 Ihid. Suppl. 915/1 Upright drill, a term applied to a drill whose mandril is vertical. Ibid., Upright molding machine. 1887 Golfing 96 A club is said to be ‘upright’ when its head is not at a very obtuse angle to the shaft. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 150 Upright flues, the main flue or shaft which carries the smoke from the furnace beyond the housetop. 1896 A. J. Hipkins Pianoforte 122 Upright Grand Piano, accurately a grand piano placed vertically upon a stand;.. applied in the present day to the better kinds of the cottage ^ano. 1898 Stainer & Barrett Diet. Mus. Terms 2591^ The upright spinet and harpsichord.

d. Marked by perpendicular position or attitude; characterized by vertical bearing; erect. An OE. instance occurs in i^lfric’s Horn. I. 276. 1634 Milton Comus 52 Circe..Whose charmed Cup Who-ever tasted, lost his upright shape. 1658 Phillips, Orthography,.. in Architecture or Fortification,.. is taken for the upright erection of any work. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 157 The anal fin .. serves to keep the fish in its upright or vertical situation. 1791 Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ii. It being impossible to preserve it in an upright situation. 1871 W. H. G. Kingston R. Kiffin's Ward v, Although.. more than seventy, he still walked with an upright carriage. 1877 Tennyson Har. iii. ii. 39, I have lost Somewhat of upright stature thro’ mine oath. 1878 B. Taylor Deukalion i. ii. 22 His eyes that met the sun, his upright tread.

4. a. Of persons: Erect in carriage. (Chiefly pred.) c 1386 Chaucer Miller's T. 78 She was .. Long as a Mast and vprighte as a bolt. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas in. 4457 Folk in ther pouerte.. Ben.. lusti preuid at a neede, Vpriht of lymes ther iournes for to speede. 1588 Shaks. L.L.L. iv. iii. 89 O most diuine Kate,.. As vpright as the Cedar. 15972 Hen. IV, II. ii. 91 Away, you horson vpright Rabbet. 1758 Johnson Idler No. 13 p 11 When these [spinning] wheels are set upon a table.., they will.. keep the girls upright. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge x. He was.. past the prime of life, yet upright in his carriage. 1865 Kingsley Herew. iii, Hereward, bleeding, but still active and upright, broke away. 1905 ‘Guy Thorne’ Lost Cause i, Hibbert was an upright, soldierly-looking man.

■fb. Cant. Of vagrants: Big, strong, or sturdy. Applied spec, to one of the higher classes of vagabonds. Usu. upright-man. Obs. 1561 Awdeley Frat. Vacab. (1869) 4 An Vpright man is one that goeth wyth the trunchion of a staflfe. 1567 Harman Caveat (1869) 31 A vpright man, the second in seote..of these rainginge rablement of rascales. 1608 Dekker Belman of London Wks. (Grosart) III. 92 This band of Vpright-men seldome march without flue or six in a company. 1622 Fletcher Beggar's Bush ii. i, Come Princes of the ragged regiment,.. Prig my most upright Lord. 1641 Brome Jov. Crew n. G i You,.. That never yet with man did Mell; Of whom no Upright man is taster. 01700 B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, De//s, .. young bucksome Wenches.. [that] have not lost their Virginity, which the ‘vpright man’ pretends to, and seizes. [1815 Scott Guy M. xxviii, Johnny Faa, the upright man.]

5. a. = PERPENDICULAR a. I b, RIGHT VP a. I. 159^ Danett tr. Comines (1614) 295 We mounted vp such a maruellous steepe and vpright hill. 1599 Dallam in Early Voy. Levant (Hakl. Soc.) 12 This mountayne is verrie upryghte on bothe sides. 1861 Whyte Melville Good for Nothing iii, Another time do not ride so fast at an upright leap.

fb. Perpendicular to a surface. Obs.~^ 1678 Moxon Mech. Exerc. iv. 65 Exactly even and upright to the edges of the Board.

c. Of a rectangular superficies: Having the height greater than the breadth. 1888 Jacobi Printers' Vocab., Upright, a page or job set or cut to an upright size—the reverse of oblong. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 523 The remaining portion .. permits of upright or oblong pictures being taken.

t6. a. Of shoes:

straight. rare.

That may fit either foot; (Opposed to ‘right' and ‘left’.) Obs.

1608 Day Hum. out of Br. ii. ii, A paire of vpright shooes, that gentlemen weare.. now of one foote, then of another. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. vi. i. He that weares an vpright shooe, may correct the obliquity. 1642 Fuller Holy & Prof. St. IV. V. 262 An upright shoe nt^ fit both feet.

fb. Straight in respect of grain. Obs.-'^

UPRIGHT UPRIGHTLY

3

1776 G. StMPLt Building in Water 115 The. , Braces. . ouKht to be made of sound hearty upright Oak.

7. Taking place in a vertical direction; upward. 1650 Row Hist. ATir* (Wodrow Soc.) 431 Everie Christian should be an hawk; his course should be upward and upright, or right up 1837 P Kkith Bot. Lex. 248 An upright growth of six inches in the year. 1876 ST.siNtR & Uarhktt Diet. \fus. Terms 352/2 The upright action was invented for the purpose of constructing pianofortes [etc ]

111. fig. 8. a. Of persons: Adhering to or following correct moral principles; of un¬ bending integrity or rectitude; morally just, honest, or honourable. •530 Pai_scr. 328/2 Upright, indifferent bytwene party and party, and nat affectionate, indifferent,. .juste. 1560 H]HI.h 2 Chrort. xxix. 34 The Leuites were more vpright in heart to sanctihe them selues. then the Priests. Ibid., Ps. xi. 2. 1605 Camden Rem. 7 That goodly, vpright, provident,.. and reasonable creature. 1656 Earl Monm. tr. Boccalini's .ddfts./r. Parnass. 11. xi. (1674) 14Q The uprightest and most experienced Senator. 1700 Drvden Pref. Fables Wks. (Globe) 499, I have., been an upright judge betwixt the parties in competition, a 1720 Sewei. Hist. Quakers (lygs) I 11. 142'They were found upright in their dealing. 1742 Pope Dune. IV. 208 So upright Quakers please both Man and God. 1828 I.YTTON Pelham III. xiv, I have always thought him the most upright and honourable of men. 1856 Frocde Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 173 [He] bore through England the reputation of an upright and virtuous king. 1904 Verney Mem. II. 296 She had been upright in her life. (lAsof. 1560 Bible Proy. xxviii. 10 The vpright shal inherit good things.-Ps. vii. 10 God .. preserueth the vpright in heart. 1786 Paraphrases Ch. Scotland xxi. i Th’ upright in heart alone have hope.

b. Of the mind, qualities, actions, etc.: Marked or characterized by integrity or probity; having conformity or accordance with moral rectitude. 1538 Starkey England i. ii. 43 Settyng themselfe in relygyouse housys, ther quyetly to serue God and kepe theyr myndys vpryght. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. i Cor. 53 That we both may.. haue therwith an vpryght harte to God. 1560 Bible Ps. xxxvii. 14 To slay suche as be of vpright conuersation. 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Earn. Los'e Bij, That we might serve.. God .. with an vpright righteousnes and holynes. 1623 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1848) II. 388 They sail giwe wnto thame thair trew and upricht counsall whan the same salbe askit. 1667 Milton P.L. i. 18 Thou, O Spirit, that dost prefer. , th’ upright heart and pure. 1700 T. Brown Amusem. Ser. & Com. 31 Have you any Use in your Country for Upright Honesty? 01721 Prior I’lcar of Bray & More Wks. 1907 H. 259 An upright and unprejudiced Conscience. 1781 (iow pER Conversat. 682 Those hearts should be reclaim'd, renew’d, upright. 1782 Miss Biirney Cecilia viii. vi. Now I see the fair promise of his upright youth. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) if. 458 Fair or upright dealing. 1844 H. H. Wilson Brit. India HI. 473 The diligent and upright discharge of the duties. 1904 Verney Mem. I. 415 His upright chivalrous conduct. ^Comb. 1654 Allen in Thurloe St. Papers (1742) II. 214 T'he honour God hath put uppon him,.. I mean that of upright-hcartedness to the Lord. 1818 Scott Hrt. Midi. xliii, The best and most upright-minded men. 1836 [Mrs. Cheap] Going to Service xii. 140 An upright-minded girl.

t9. a.5c. True; undoubted; rightful; = right a. 16. Obs.~' c 1480 Henryson and air vpricht.

t b. In good correct. Obs.

Cock & Fox xi, 3e ar 3our Fatheris Sone

condition;

in

proper

order;

1526 Skelton Magnif. 651 Fansy and I, we twayne,.. counterfeted our names we haue, Craftely all thynges vpryght to saue. 1557 Tusser Husb. (1878) zjiz Good husbandes that laye, to saue all things vpright: for Tumbrels and cartes, haue a shed redy dight, 1630 Sherley in Bradford Plymouth Plantation (1856) 270 If it should please God y' one should fade.., yet y' other would keepe both recconings, and things uprighte.

tc. Obs.

Plain;

straightforward;

unambiguous.

1587 Harrison Descr. Brit. i. i. in Holinshed I. 2/1 My purpose is to.. deliuer such things as I intreat of in distinct and vpright order. 1607 Dekker Knt.'s Conjur. (1842) 56 He had bin in vpright tcarmes an vsurer.

10. a. Stable, equable, respect of health.

b. dial.

Sound in

1551 Robinson tr. Mores Utopia ii. M iij b, The quiete and vpright state of the bodye. 1905 Eng. Dial. Diet. VI. 327 2 My horse is quite upright.

B. sb. 11. a. A vertical front, face, or plane. Obs. *563 Shute Archit. C iv b, This is the foundacion through the whiche we knowe and finde all the measures and vprightes belonging to the pillor. 1663 Gerbier Counsel 12 Shun too much carved Ornaments on that upright. Ibid. 15 Contracting the Balconies within the upright of a Column. 1679 Moxon Mech. Exerc. viii. 141 You design the Balcony to project beyond the Upright of the Front. 1703 [R. Neve] City & C. Purchaser 11 The springing of the Arch is skew’d back from the upright of the Jambs. 1726 Leoni Alberti's .4rchit. I. 55 The vacuities, .left berw'een the back of the sweep of the Arch, and the upright of the Wall it is turn’d from,.. shou’d be fill’d up.

fb. = ELEVATION I I, ORTHOGRAPH Y 2 b. Obs. 1603 K- JoNSON K. Jas.'s Entertain. Ifi The scene presented it selfe in a square and flat vpright like to the side of a citty. 1620-50 I. Jones Stone-Heng (1655) 56 The groundplot, with the uprights, and profyle of the whole work. Ihid. 61 The upright of the work, as when entire. 1712 J._ J.A.MES tr. Le Bloncf s Gardening 216 You mayjudge by the I pright, of the handsome Effect this Cascade would make. 1782 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint, (ed. 3) I. Suppl. T. I, There are not many uprights, but several ground plans of some of the palaces. 1842 Gwilt Archit. Gloss. 1049 Cpright..; a term rarely used.

tc. .A very steep declivity. Cf. perpendicular sb. 2. Obs.-'

1712 Henley tr. Montfaucon's Anttq Italy vii. 108 The Lake runs . thro’ the Mountain, till it comes to an upright where there is a mightv Fall.

2. a. An upright or vertical position; the perpendicular. 1683 Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xix. 297 So that the lympan may stand.. towards an upright. 1851 Laxton

Builder's Price Bk. 133 Plasterer's Work... Dubbing out. not to be allowed unless the work is out of an upright 1883 in Elworthy IF. Somerset Word-bk. (1888) 791 Thick there wall’s a little bit out of an upright. 1905 Times 30 Sept. 8/T The mullion was much out of upright, and had.. an Iron Stay.

b. That which lies immediately above a thing. 1768 Blackstone Comm. III. 217 Every man may do what he pleases upon the upright or perpendicular of his own soil.

3. a. Something set or standing upright, erect, or vertical; a perpendicular stone, post, part, etc. In frequent use from

c 1790.

1742 De Foes Tour Gt. Brit. (ed. 3) 1. 259 By which means the L pnghts [of Stonehenge] are less liable to fall or swerve. 1776 G. Semple Building in Water 131 The upright of c. has a square Hole in the upper End of it. 1786 Abercrombie Card. Assist. 54 Uprights or growing stakes. 1794 Rigging ^ Seamanship 140 Vessels in harbour.. have uprights [for awnings]. 1794 Burns Caledonia 46 Rectangle-triangle the figure we’ll choose, The upright is Chance, and old Time is the base. 1845 j. Saunders Cabinet Piet. Eng. Life 19 A beam laid cross-wise upon two uprights. 1854 Ainsworth Flitch of Bacon iv. iii, A magnificent staircase of many turnings... T he uprights on each landing were decorated with rampant nondescripts. 1883 Miss Broughton Belinda III. iii. One of the spiked iron uprights of the gate. 1886 Furnivall in Shaks. Ven. & Ad. (ist Qo. facsimile) p. xix, Hooke-nosoe , should be ‘hook-nosde’; the upright of the d unluckily failed to print.

b. spec. One of the vertical members of a framing, etc.

1509 Hawes Conv. Swearers ix, I sende vou gretynge .. & grace Right wel to gouern vpnght your dominion.' 1577 B Googe Hereshach's Hush. 1. (1586) 2 All scckc to Ivuc. but none to liue upright 1591 m joth Rep. Hist. .\fSS. Comm. App. I. 76 7 nat thay may leif togidder in luif, upricht to God. 1624 J. Davies Ps. xiv. Not one doth good, not one doth well, vpright.

tb. In a just manner; correctly. Obs.

'

i6oi Holland Pltny II. 585 In truth, if we will consider this pageant upright, we must needs confesse [etc.].

2. In a vertical direction; vertically upwards. 1590 Webbe Trav. (Arb.) 22 Ye wonderfuil.. swelling of the water vpright.. to ye height of a huge mountaine. 1591 J. Dee Diary (Camden) 38 Wownded on his hed by his own wanton throwing of a brik-bat upright, and not well avoydmg the fall of it. 1605 Shaks. Lear iv. vi. 27 For all beneath the Moone would 1 not leape vpright. 1664 Butler Hud. II. HI. 437 That Cannon-Ball,.. shot in th’ Air pointblank, upright. 1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 12 As for the Rays that go upright, nothing can hinder them from getting out at top of the Chimney. 1736 Gray Statius i. 45 Nor tempts he yet the plain, but hurl’d upright. Emits the mass. Comb. 1842 Loudon Suburban Hort. 352 In the case of upright-grown plants. Ibid. 549 The pear is grafted or budded on stocks raised .. from any strong upright-growing kind.

3. dial. Independently; on one’s own means. 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 460 A live upright on ‘a’s forten. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 28 April 2/1. I shall be able to retire and ‘live upright’, as the butler said.

'upright, V. Also 5 Sc. vp-, wpricht. [f. as prec. Cf. MDu. uprichten (Du. oprigten), Flem. (Kilian) oprechten, OHG. ufrihten (G. aufrichten).'] 1. trans. To raise to an upright or vertical position; to erect. Also Jig. and in fig. context. a 1340 Hampole Psalter cxii. 6 He vprightis \>e pore out of pe fen of fleyssly lust. Ibid. cxlv. 7 Lord vprightys I>e smytyn down. 159® Sir J. Smyth Disc. HVaponr 30 They all v’pright their piques. 1591-Instruct. (1595) 22 Then are they to

01700 Evelyn Diary 27 Aug. 1666, We plumb’d the uprights in several places. 1791 Smeaton Edystone L. §34 1 he outside timbers (since called the uprights) were seventy-two in number). 1807 Pike Sources Mississ. 1. (1810) ■App. 46 Part of the houses are framed, and .. there are small logs let into mortises made in the uprights. 1851 Ruskin Stones Fen. (1874) Li. 18 Timbers attached to uprights on the top of the nave pillars. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. HI. IV. 61 The greasy blackened wood Of the hall’s uprights.

saie to the first ranke Vpright your piques. 1609 Daniel Civ. 14'ars vii. Ixxii, It rests within your iudgements, to vp¬ right .. the Land. 1890 Standard 5 April 6/3, I.. assisted to upright the boat, which was baled out. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 16 Sept. 4/1 As soon as he had uprighted his machine [ = bicycle].

(b) Spec, in Football, a goalpost (as opp. to the crossbar).

12. Sc. To make reparation to or for; to compensate. Obs.

1910 Glasgoui Herald 14 Feb. 12/6 Barr , had little difficulty in placing the ball between the uprights. 1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 24 There were all the ‘Kennings’ in the sporting columns... Sphere for football, the uprights or sticks for the goalposts. 1951 Sport 27 •Apr. 3 May 4/1 Bill rapped the upright with a penalty-kick. t954 J- B. G. Thomas On Tour 72 Morkel hit an upright with his conversion attempt. 1977 Irish Press 29 Sept. 18/2 Mick Lawlor’s 24th minute left-footed drive. , hit the bottom part of the upright and rebounded into play.

1463 ^berd. Reg. (1844) I. 26 I'he forsaide Thomas til sek til his warande gif he hafe ony til vpricht him. 1480 Ibid. 411 That the saids persons acht til wpricht and assith him for hir. 1492 Ibid. 420 To amende and vpricht the skaitht done.

t uprighten, t'. Obs. [f. prec. -t- -EN^] trans. = prec. I. 1617 Ainsworth Annot. Ps. cxlv. 14 lehovah upholdeth all that fall; and up-righteneth, all that are crooked.

c. (See quots.) 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rur. Sports i. x. 82/2 The Spire [has] a brow antler, and half-developed beam, called uprights-, a Staggart, brow, tray, and uprights. 1878 in Elworthy W. Somerset Word~bk. 792 A male deer of one year old has .. one straight horn each side only, which we term his

upright.

d. An upright pianoforte (see pianoforte). i860 Builder 15 Sept. 588/1 The best grands and uprights of the present day. 1894 S. Fiske Holiday Stories {igoo) 118 The baby grands nestled between the larger instruments. The uprights looked .. out of place.

e. A kind of fly-hook. 1878 W. Nash Oregon vi. 135 The lawyer put on a ‘black palmer’ and a ‘blue upright’. 1892 Daily News 14 April 3/1 The comparatively large uprights and browns are as fatal as ever to the smallest trout.

f. Basketry. A plane used for shaving skeins to a required width. 1842 Encycl. Brit. IV. 429/1 In order to bring the split into a shape still more regular, it is passed through another implement called an upright, consisting of a fiat piece of steel, each end of which is fashioned into a cutting edge. Jrnl. Soc. Arts 11 Jan. 190/1 For finer work the rod is split into three or more skeins by a cleaver; the splits are then successively drawn through a shave to remove the central pith and through an upright to render them uniform in width. 1929 A. G. Knock Eine Willow Basketry 37 For most skein work the skeins can be used after being shaved, but for .. extra fine skein work of other kinds they are made uniform in width and as narrow as required by being drawn through the upright. 1961 L. G. Allbon Basic Basketry iii. 18 Two specialized planes complete the process. The shave skims away the pith and renders the skein of even thickness; the upright straightens up the sides of the skein to an even width. 1981 T. W. Bagshawe Basket Making in Bedfordshire 16 {caption) Uprights for shaving to uniform width.

g. In a crossword puzzle, one of the clues whose solution is to be entered vertically in the frame. 1917 T. Hainsselin Grand Fleet Days xv. 96 How far have you got? Only as far as the ‘uprights’ —Belgium and Berlin. 1967 Sci. Amer. Sept. 268/2 The first stanza gives clues for two words, called the uprights, that are spelled vertically by the initial and final letters of the words to which clues are given by the numbered stanzas.

4. An upright stratum; = arrect sb. 1811 Pinkerton Petral. II. 158 A mountain of a most regular structure; the arrects, or uprights, having their planes parallel to its great axis.

5. slang. (See quot.) 1796 Sporting Mag. VIII. 107 [They] drank 57 quarts of upright, viz. a quart of beer with a quartern of gin in it.

'upright, adv. [f. prec. Cf. OE. uprihte.] 1. = UPRIGHTLY aJr. I.

up'righteously, ac/t). rare-'. [Cf. next.] In an upright manner. 1^3 Shaks. Meas. for M. iii. i. 205 You may most vprighteously do a poor wronged Lady a merited benefit.

up'righteousness. [Cf. upright a. and The quality of being upright.

RIGHTEOUSNESS.]

1549 Latimer 4th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) no The vpryghteousnes of hys cause. 1550 Thomas Ital. Diet., Dirittura, vprightwisenesse. 1570 Satir. Poems Reform, x. 349 Not only lufit he vprychteousnes, Bot als he hatit vice. 1623 CocKERAM II, Vprighteousnes, Sinceritie. 1904 Daily News 26 Aug. 6 Respectability and conscious uprighteousness oozing from his every pore.

'uprighting, vbl. sb. [f. upright ti.] The action of making upright; spec, the process of ensuring uprightness of position. Also attrib. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch ^ Clockm. 153 Bad pivots, bad uprighting,. . are responsible for much of the trouble experienced in position timing. Ibid. 279 An uprighting tool.

'uprightish, a. rare. [f. upright a. + -ishL] Somewhat upright. 1806 J. Galpine Brit. Bot. 112 Stems uprightish;.. calyxteeth setaceous, elongated.

'uprightly, adv. [f. as prec. -t- -ly^.] 1. In a just or upright manner; with strict observance of justice, honesty, or rectitude; sincerely, justly. (Freq. c 1560-c 1590.) rS49 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts xxiii. 75 Bearyng my selfe vpryghtely and with a good conscience. 1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 32 In times past when men dealt vprightly, and in the feare of God. 1624 Bedell Lett. X. 129 ludge now vprightly if this be indifferent dealing. 1649 Davenant Love fst Hon. iv. iii. 27 If you uprightly love her and the prince. 1668 Dbyden Dram. Poesy Ess. (ed. Ker) 1. 89 Betwixt the extremes of admiration and malice, 'tis hard to judge uprightly of the living. 1755 Johnson, .. uprightly; justly. 1838 Arnold Hist. Rome I. 296 The first decemvirs.. governed uprightly and well. 1847 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. HI. 39 A man who would rule uprightly. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiv. HI. 454 He was sure, he said, that they had acted uprightly.

tb. Candidly; straightforwardly. Obs. 1565 Eeg. Privy Council Scot. 1. 340 To declair planelic and uprychtlie the wordis and brute.. of the said allegeit conspiracie. 1579 E. K. Gloss, to Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Aug. 53 By Perigot who is meant, I can not vprightly say. 1598 J. Melvill Diary (Wodrow Soc.) 439 All sic as stud uprightlie for the established discipline and fredome of the Kirk. 1620 Bp. .Andrew'es Serm. (1629) 130 Besides (to speakc vprightly) one might.. complaine of the privatencssc of the Angells appearing. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. & Comma-. 13

UPRIGHTNESS To speak uprightly, from these Nations.. have tortures of more exquisite device taken their originals.

2. In

an upright position; vertically, perpendicularly. Also^g. and in fig. context. 1601 Holland Pliny I. 159 He., shall live in this world uprightly and in even ballance, without enclining more to one side, than unto another. 1639 J. Taylor (Water P.) Part Summers Trav. 46 You were never known to be drunke, and though you never walke uprightly, yet you never stumbled. a 1718 Parnell Poems 9 The waters were afraid;.. In heaps uprightly plac'd they learn to stand. 1751 Harris Hermes i. v. (1765) 84 These Pronouns.. assumed a peculiar Accent of their own, which gave them the name of optfoToi/ou^evat, or Pronouns uprightly accented. 1826 in A. C. Hutchinson Pract. Ohs, Surg. (ed. 2) 173 But I have watched him, -have seen him .. walk .. as uprightly as you can walk. 1868 Lockyer Elem. Astron. §168 We found that the Sun was not floating uprightly in our sea, the plane of the ecliptic.

c. The act of rising to a higher level; ascent. 1690 C. Nesse O. N. Test. I. 126 The dreadful downfal, as well as up-rise, of the waters. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam XII. xvi, A blood-red gleam Burst upwards... I heard the mighty sound Of its uprise. 1882 Geikie Text-bk. Geol. vi. V. 900 An intermittent uprise of the land.

d. The beginning of an ascent; an ascending shaft in a mine. 1875 Browning Aristophanes' Apol. 334 Now bound For Dorion, at the uprise.. Of Mount Pangaios. 1877 Raymond Statist. Mines ^ Mining 174 Fifty feet in from the mouth of the tunnel an uprise was made.

3. a. Ascent to power or dignity; rise to wealth or importance. 1810 Jane Porter Scot. Chiefs x, At the fall of Dunbar.. he again founded his uprise on the ruins of this country. 1877 N. W. Line. Gloss. 265 The uprise o’ that family was th’ inclosures.

'uprightness, [f. as prec. + -ness.] 1. The state or condition of being sincere,

b. The act of coming into existence or notice; origination.

honest, or just; equity or justness in respect of principle or practice; upright quality or conduct; moral integrity or rectitude.

1817 Shelley Rev. Islam vii. ii, Awakened from that dreamy mood By Liberty’s uprise. 1844 Thackeray Wks. (1886) XXIII. 205 The young painters.. whose uprise this Magazine and this critic were the first to hail. 1862 F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 241 The uprise of a new.. affection of the internal organ. 1875 Whitney Life Lang. vi. 107 The uprise of the class of prepositions.

1541 Elyot Image Gov. xii. 22 He loued syncerytie, vulgarly called vprightnesse. 1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 11 §2 Any .. Subjectes using upryghtnes and trueth in the barrelling of such Fishe. 1591 Savile Tacitus, Agricola 242 Agricola.. car>-ed himselfe easily with great vprightnes and iustice. 1628 Wither Brit. Rememb. vii. 1553 They of my uprightnesse judge amisse. 1668 Owen Indwelling Sin vi. 72 Accordingly his design is to walk before God, and his frame is sincerity and uprightness therein. 1736 Butler Anal. i. v. 92 Those who preserve their Uprightness .. raise themselves to a more secure State of Virtue. 1766 Amory Buncle (1770) HI. 210 A canted uprightness and seeming piety. 1820 Shelley Liberty vii, Many a deed of terrible uprightness By thy sweet love was sanctified. 1855 Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi. III. 60 Veracity, uprightness, and manly boldness were then, as now, qualities eminently English. 1879 R. K. Douglas Confucianism iii. 72 The Sage.. maintains a perfect uprightness and pursues the heavenly way without the slightest deflection.

b. Const, ©/(conduct, etc.). 1560 Bible i Kings iii. 6 He walked., in vprightnes of heart with thee. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 22 Modestie of life and uprightnesse of manners. 1592 Chettle Kindharts Dr. A 4, Diuers of worship haue reported his vprightnes of dealing. 1644 Milton Divorce (ed. 2) ii. iv, The uprightnesse of his ways. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. 11. xxvii. 152 Cleared by the Uprightnesse of his own Intention. 1775 Adair Amer. Ind. Ded., The uprightness of my intentions as to the information here given. 1795 Gentl. Mag. 543/1 Integrity of heart and uprightness of intention. 1831 Sir J. Sinclair Corr., etc. II. 393 [He] was distinguished by. .great uprightness of conduct.

2. The state or character of being erect, vertical, or upright; erect or vertical attitude; erectness. 1645 Waller To Chloris Poems 180 So the fayre tree.. In stormes from that uprightnesse swerves. 1706 Stevens Span. Diet., Derechura, straightness, uprightness. 1782 V. Knox Ess. Ixxix. (1819) II. 114 The uprightness of the pilaster, c 1815 Jane Austen Persuasion vi, Mrs. Croft.. had a squareness, uprightness, and vigour of form. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xix. (1856) 143 The poor things had lost their uprightness. 1889 Pall Mall G. 9 Mar. 7/1 The rigid uprightness of his collars.

t uprights, Gift’. Obs. [f. upright + -s^] 1. In an upright position; perpendicularly. c 1350 Will. Palerne 1789 Tvo white beres .. went on alle four.., & whan pti wery were pe\ went vp-ri3ttes. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 140 Than scholde he stonde ayein uprihtes. c 1400 MAUNDEV. (Roxb.) xxxi. 143 bai.. gase on fete nerehand vprightes. ci^io Master of Game{MS. Digby 182) xii, Men shull take suche an Hounde and holde hym faste and vpreghtes [v.r. fast vpry3tes]. 2. Upon one’s back and with the face upwards. c 1420 Lydg. Sege Thebes 3911 Many on lay slayen at the gate, Gapyng vprightys. Ibid. 4481 Thorgh-girt with many wounde .. [they lay] stark vpri3tes.

up'risal. [up- 2.] Uprising. 1871 Daily News 7 March, The danger of a sudden uprisal of the north-eastern quarters of Paris. 1889 Herring & Ross Irish Cousin i. xiv, The sudden uprisal..of an abnormally lengthy dachshund.

uprise (Ap'raiz, *Apraiz), sb. [up- 2. Cf. ON. upprisa (MSw. uprtsa, Sw. uppresa), rising up, resurrection.] 11. Resurrection. 06^. a 1300 Cursor M. 1479 Wit J^air vpris fra ded to lijf. Ibid. 18571 ban bigan pm to bede l^am hightes For to lei of his vpnse.

2. a. Rising (of the sun, etc.); dawn (of day] 1588 Shaks. Tit. A. III. i, 159 A Larke, That giues swet tydings of the Sunnes vprise. 1600 S. Nicholson Acolastu. After-witte A 4, Faire Queene Aurora,.. Whose blithsom vp-rise makes Nights prisoners blest. 1635 Heywoo Hierarchy in. Comm. 183 Because the Sunne in hi mornings vprise looketh red and blushing. 1674 j W[right] Seneca 5 Thyestes 71 Father of gods and men, i whose Uprise Night doth her beauty loose. 1794 Southe Elinor 11 When in better years poor Elinor Gazed on th glad uprise with eye undimm’d By guilt. i8i8 Shelle 73 The pxan With which the legioned rook did had The sun s uprise majestical. 01851 Mom Poem: pensive sht

t b. The act of rising from bed. Obs. 1633 P. Fletcher Purp/e hi. xii. iv, Musick

and bas nattering tongues. Which wait to first-salute mv Lord Uprise.

uprise (Ap'raiz), v. [up- 4. Cf. WFris. oprize, MDu. oprisen (Du. oprijzen), MLG. uprisen (LG. uprisen)^ MHG. ufrtsen.'\ 1. intr. To rise to one’s feet; to assume a standing posture. a 1300 Cursor M. 2733 Quen pm war rest wel vp-ras hai13.. E.E. Allit. P. C. 378 He radly vp-ros & ran fro his chayer. C1385 Chaucer L.G. IT. 1743 Lucrece, Sheanoon vp roos with blysful chere And kyssed hym. 1448-9 Metham Amoryus Cl. 1867 Hole and sound, with-owte wemme off yowre woundys, Nowe vp-ryse. Pa 1550 Freiris of Berwik 341 {Maitland Folio), ban the freyr uprais, And tuk his buik and to the flure he gayis. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 16 Suddein vpriseth from her stately place The royall Dame. 1715 Pope Iliad i. 95 Uprising slow, the venerable sage Thus spoke the prudence and the fears of age. a 1800 Cowper Odyssey (ed. 2) xxiv. 496 Soon as on full seats The whole assembled senate sat, uprose Eupithes first. 1858 Merivale Rom. Emp. liii. VI. 216 Then uprose Sabinus to advance his charges. 1870 Bryant Iliad i. I. 14 Now up-rose Nestor, the master of persuasive speech. fig. a 1300 E.E. Psalter xxvi. 6 If vprise ogaine me fight. In hat sal i hope in might. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. i. Ixxxi, Ere War uprose in his volcanic rage. 1837 Mag. Nat. Hist. I. 134 The whole neighbourhood uprose in arms, till every bird of them was killed. b. To rise from bed. 13.. Seuyn Sages (W.) 3181 Opon the morn the knyght vprase. C1386 Chaucer Reeve's T. 329 Aleyn vprist and thoughte, er hat it dawe I wol go crepen In by my felawe. 1503 Dunbar Thistle Rose 29 Quhairto.. sail I vprys at morrow? 1513 Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 2544 She wolde vp-ryse at an houre conuenyent. 1526-a 1628 [see down-lie v.]. 1725 Pope Odyss. vi. 59 Uprose the virgin with the morning light. 1878 Masque Poets 95 It was a wicked Nephew bold Who uprose in the night.

2. Of the sun; To rise. The Chaucerian uprist (= upriseth) has by archaizing writers been taken as a past tense. C1350 Will. Palerne 1791 A1 hat long ni3t, til it dawed to day & sunne to vp-rise. c 1374 Chaucer Compl. Mars 4 For when the sunne vprist then wol they sprede. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. II. xii. in Ashm. (1652) 138 For there the Son wyth Day-lyght doth upryse In Somer. 1513 Douglas JEneid vn. iii. 56 First as the son wprysis. 1729 T. Cooke Tales, etc. 136 The Critic took his Way, Slow pacing, home¬ ward, and uprose the Day. 1798 Coleridge Anc. Mar. ii. iv, Nor dim nor red,.. The glorious Sun uprist. 1818 Milman Samor x. 417 The sun uprising sees the dusk night fled Already from tall Pendle. 1880 W. S. Blunt Love Sonn. Proteus ci. Ere yet the sun uprist.

3. To rise from the dead.

upripe, etc.: see up- 4-7.

knight

UPRISING

312

^

a 1300 Cursor M. 203 How he vprais, how he upstey, Many man on stod and sey. c 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5026 Alle hat er gude han and rightwyse, bat sal be save, sal first up-r>se. C1440 York Myst. xxxvii. 31, I schall.. on the thirde day ryght vprise. 1553 Poynet Short Catech. 21 b. The third daye after, he vprose agayne, a lyue in bodye also. 1567 Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S) 78 Christ maid us lust quhen he vprais. 1879 Arnold Light of Asia i. 3 The dead that are to live, the live who die. Uprise, and hear, and hope!

b. To come from the underworld. ? a 1550 Freiris Berwik 524 (Bann. MS.), I coniure the. That thow vprys and sone to me appeir. a 1743 Savage On False Historians 32 The devil.. The sorcerer us’d to raise, the parson lay. When Echard wav’d his pen,.. The parson conjur’d, and the fiend uprose. i8i6 Shelley Dsmon n. 21 Erebus With all its banded fiends shall not uprise To overwhelm .. The dauntless.

4. To rise or ascend to a higher level; to rise into view. a 1300 Cursor M. 21074 erth .. Men seis vprisand fra pe grund. 13.. Anticrist 547 be dais [sal] uprise, pe fells dunfalle. c 1400 Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 89 For pou seez it [rc. an enchanted stone] vprys vpon waterys whenne ^y rynne with pe wyndes. 1842 Tennyson Vis. Sin 208 Once more Uprose the mystic mountain range. 1858 Longf. M. Standish v. i As the mists uprose from the meadows. 1867 Tennyson Victim 71 The rites prepared, the victim bared, The knife uprising toward the blow. fig. a 1300 Cursor M. 17474 All fals sal far bat ilk wise. And euer sal rightwisnes vprise. 1513 Douglas JEneid x. ix. 44 Be that gude beleif quhilk thou has eyk Of Ascanyvs vprysyng to estait. 1568 Charteris Pref. to Lyndesay's Wks. (1871) 13* Cum, all degreis, in Lurdanerie quha lyis,.. And lerne in vertew how for to vpryis!

b. To become erect.

1796 Scott Wild Huntsman xliv. Uprose the Wildgrave’s bristling hair. 1827 Praed Red Fisherman 77 ’Twas a sight to make the hair uprise.

5. To ascend as a sound. 1503 Dunbar Thistle ^ Rose 176 The commoun voce vprais of birdis small. 1838 Dickens O. Twist 1, The crowd grew light with uncovered heads; and again the shout uprose. 1850 Blackie JEschylus I. 235 How shall my hymn uprise to bless thee? 1890 [see hale sb.* i].

6. To come into existence. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch. v. viii. (MS. Ashm. 1445), So ther shulde no frute be vprysinge. 1562 Win3ET Cert. Tractatis Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 25, I being drery and dolorus for the schisme.. in Godis Kirk, and apperand temporal calamiteis to vpryse tharthrou. 1584 Southwell Wks. (1828) II. 150 So infinite [are] the sects .. into which it hath spread, besides new ones daily uprising. 1820 Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. 82, I had clothed, since Earth uprose. Its wastes in colours not their own. 1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. IX. 300 But now up-rise some marvelous phenomena.

up'risen,/>fl. pple. and ppL a. [up- 5. Cf. ON. upprisinn and prec.] Risen up; arisen. 13.. Cursor M. 17384 (Gott.), Fra dede to lijf vp-resen es he. a 1400 Sir Perc. 977 Up-resyne es a sowdane, Alle hir landes base he tane. 1446 Lydg. Nightingale 401 Hell despoiled, & slayn oure mortall foo, Oure lord vpryse with palme of hye victorie. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xii. xxxv. These flames vprisen to forestall my way, Perchance more terrour far than danger bring. 1621 Bp. Mountagu Diatribse 283 Those new vp-risen brethren Roseae Crum. 1682 Bunyan Holy War (1905) 345 He is up-risen, and is departed from them. 1849 Rock Ch. of Fathers I. ii. 127 Christ’s Body is not only up-risen, but has passed into an incorruptible.. state.

up'riser. (up- 8.) 1656 [S. Holland] Don Zara number of Inhabitants, up-risers mighty City. 1823 Blackw. Mag. have not mixed wisdom with their

iii. ii. 144 marg.. The and down-Iyers in this XIV. 692 The uprisers cry for freedom.

up'risingf vbl. sb. In sense 7 'uprising, [up- 7.] 1. The action of rising from death or from the grave; resurrection. Now rare. C1250 Creed in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1882) III. 251 Hy troue.. forjifnes of sinnes, uprisinge of fleyes. c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 416/453 A-sonenday,.. be day of mine oprisingue. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8530 Bi pe vprisinge of god Robelin me ssal ise.. stalwarde kni3t be. 1340 Ayenb. 227 Ine be oprisinge ne ssel by non spousynge. c 1400 Pepysian Gosp. Harmony (1922) 73 bo asked Jesus 3if bat sche leued it bat he was vprising and lyf. c 1440 Alph. Tales 195 Ane heresye bat ban began at rise in bairn bat trustid not in vprysyng of flessh. c 1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 371 Of his uprysyng he dede us lere Whan he walkyd with us in fere. C1550 Cheke Matt. xxii. 30 In ye vprising noyer schal men mari nor women be maried. C1555 Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 38 By the death and uprising of Christ. 1648 Herrick Hesper., 'Here down' ii At my up-rising next, I shall.. thank ye all. 1852 Rock Ch. of Fathers i. ix. III. 322 The life, the death, the uprising of her divine Son.

2. a. The action of rising from bed. a 1300 K. Horn 844 Horn.. cam to be kinge At his vp¬ risinge. ri43o Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 574 Ful erly in the morning The king made his vprising. 1518 H. Watson Hist. Oliver of Castile (Roxb.) D4b, Erly in y® mornynge his seruauntes came to his chambre for to be at his vprysynge. 1578 R- Wotton Courtlie Controv. 240 Hee .. prayed them to goe vnto the kings vprising, and giue hym good morrowe. 0162H Preston New Cov. (1630) 80 How many there are at vprising and down-lying from day to day. 1675 Han. Woolley Gentlew. Comp. 211 You ought.. to.. keep due hours for their [^c. children’s] up-rising and going to bed. 1827 Keble Chr. Y., Morning vi. New every morning is the love Our wakening and uprising prove. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola I. Introd. 2 The faint light [of dawn].. fell.. on the hasty uprising of the hard-handed labourer.

b. The action of rising from a sitting, kneeling, or recumbent posture. 1521 Clerk in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. I. 265 The Master of the ceremonyes. .causyd me to kysse his foott, and att myn vprising.. his Holynes toke me by the sholders. 1535 CovERDALE Ps. cxxxviii. 2 Thou knowest my dowme syttinge & my vprisynge. 1865 Sat. Rev. 5 Aug. 177 The downsittings and uprisings of each day. 1893 A. S. Eccles Sciatica 78 Uprising from the couch is performed by the attendant grasping the patient’s extended hands.

t c. Spec. The rising confinement. Obs.

of a

woman

after

1611 CoTGR., Relevailles d'une femme, th’ Nprising, or vpsitting, also the Churching, of a woman, a 1693 Urquhart Rabelais ni. xii. 336 An uprising or Women Churching Treatment. [1899 N. Q. 9th Ser. III. 212 Child-Bed pew, another name for this was ‘uprising seat’.]

3. The action of rising after a fall. A\so fig. a 1300 Cursor M. 11363 bis child.. Sal be to fel men in dun fall. And to fell in vprising. C1330 Arth. & Merl. 9906 (Kolbing), Often pm made dounfalleing, & when b^i nii3t, vpriseing. a 1375 Cursor M. 25821 (Fairf.), Squa-gate for baire wanhoping bai falle wib~outin vprising. a 1555 Latimer in Foxe A. & M. (1563) 1310/1 For remembraunce of that fa! and vprisyng kepeth vs in our fal from dispairing.

4. The rising of the sun; falso (quot. 1535), the quarter in which the sun rises. rr330 Arth. Merl. 3865 (Kolbing). In pe sunnes vpriseing Bigan, certes, pis ndeing. CI400 Three Kings Cologne (1886) 50 Jjei come., in to lerusalem.. in pe vpperisyng of pe sunne. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 2050 be Grekis han, at Phebus vp-rysynge, I-armed hem with gret dilligence. 1471 Ripley Comp. Alch., Rec. iv. in Ashm. (1652) 187 There is the uprysyng of the Son apperyng whyt and bryght. 1535 Coverdale 2 Esdras xv. 20 All the kynges of y' earth which are from the vprysinge. 1598 Hakluyt Voy. I. 59 The terrible noise, which the Sunne made at his vprising. 1665 Sir. T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 64 Ecbar.. gives those Rebels battel at the Suns first up-rising.

UPRISING 5. Advancement in place or power; improvement in position or circumstances. 1430-40 Lydc. Hothas vm. 467 .Aftir tnumphes and thcr uprisingcs. What folwith aftir, hir [Fortune’s] wheel telle can. 16*9 Prynnk Antt-Armin. 52 Who know no other passage to their ownc secure vp-rising but by religions downefall. 1868 .Atkinson Clneland Gloss., Uprising, a prosperous rise in one’s circumstances and condition; a getting on in the world.

6. A rise or ascent; a swelling; a welling-up. 1588 Shaks. IV. i. 2 V\ as that the K.ing that spurd his horse so hard. Against the steepe vprising of the hill? 16x1 CoTGR., Bossf,.. &ny round swelling, vprising or puffing vp. 1874 T. Hardy Far Jr. Mad. Crowd Ivi, Something big came into her throat and an uprising to her eyes.

fb. Arch. Elevation. Obs.-' 1669 tr. Scamoizi’s Mirr. Archil. 23 The half of the building on the ground... The other half with the up-rising.

7. ('uprising.) An insurrection; a popular rising against authority or for some common purpose. 1587 Holinshed Chron. III. 37/2 It was a greefe to him still to be vexed with such tumults and vprisings as they dathe procured. 1861 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 The great communistic uprising under Wat Tyler in 1381. 1871 Freem.an Norm. Conq. xvii. IV. 54 Liable to be driven out whenever the whole nation should join together in one sudden and vigorous uprising.

8. The process or fact of coming into existence or notice. 1587 Golding De Mornay xxxiii. 618 If they iudge it by the first vprj'sing of the Christian Religion, a 1591 H. Smith Gods Arrow iv. (1593) I i b, The beginning of Mahomets vprising. and of his Sect. 1634 Sir M. Sandys Prudence 251 Death is but.. The uprising of Consolation, and the downesetting of Perturbation. 1657 J. Watts Vind. Ch. Eng. loi T he uprising of bloody Wars, and throwing down of Order. 1851 Brimley Ess.y Wordsw. 110 The uprising of a new aristocracy of wealth and intellect. 1871 Blackie Four Phases i. 27 The notable uprising of national spirit and of popular power.

uprising, ppl. a. [up- 6 b.] That rises up, in various senses. a 1300 E.E. Psalter xxxiv. 13 Vprisand witnes, swikel ware ai. 15S5 PoxE Serm. 2 Cor. v. 48 Some be repentant and uprysing sinners, some be unrepentant, a 1593 Marlowe Ovid's Elegies 1. xiii. 28 How oft wisht I, night would not giue thee place. Nor morning starres shunne thy vprising face. 1633 Ford Lox'c's Sacr. i. i. My seruice shall pay tribute in my low'nesse, To your vprising vertues. 1727 P. Walker Life W'. Smith (1827) H. 88 To transmit a tearful Remembrance of them to the up-rising and following Ages. 1819 Mrs. Browning Battle of Marathon 111. ad fin., When the uprising morn extends her light. 1884 Proctor in Longm. Mag. April 597 Uprising streams of aqueous vapour.

fup'rist, 56. Obs. [up-2 + rising: see .j\rist sb. Cf. Olcel. uppreist, MSw. uprest.] 1. Rising from the dead; resurrection. c 1250 Song Passion 79 in O.E. Misc. 199 Grante ous, crist, wit pin uprist to gone. at com of cryste Hadde oure leuedy of hys opryste Fram dea^es harde bende. C1400 Pepysian Gosp. Harmonv (1922) III be deciples.. assembleden hem in a soleer.. vpe l>e fourtil^e day after his vpryst. 01425 Cursor M. 14264 (Trin.), Ihesus seide I am vpriste [earlier MSS. vpris, -ras] & lif. c 1450 Mirk's Festial i. 80 P'orto be wyttenes of his [fc. Christ’s] vprist wyth vs.

2. The rising of the sun. 01300 K. Horn 1436 Tofore pe sunne vpriste His schup stod vnderture. c 1386 Chaucer Knt.'s T. 193 In the gardyn at the sonne vpriste She walketh vp and doun. c 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 23 When the larke.. Salveth the uprist of the sonne shene. ? 1444 Ibid. 1^3 Geyn Phebus lyrist syngen wvl the quaylle. 1555 Watreman Fardle Facions 1. iv. 43 Certeine of theim worshippe the Sonne at his yprijste. 1625 Lisle DuBartas, Noe 132 Both at the suns uprist, and where he goes to bed.

3. The act of rising out of bed. 13.. Seuyn Sages (W.) 1649 Out of mi lond I rede thou flee,.. For, abide thou min uprist. Thou be honged! 1390 Gow’er Conf. I. 116 At his upriste Men tolden him how that it ferde.

uprist, pa. pple.^ archaizing var. uprisen. *579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Mar. 18 Flora., bids make ready Maias bowre, That newe is vpryst from bedde. 1887 C. Mackay in Temple Bar Mag. June 178,1 could trace their pallid features In the moonlight, new up-rist.

tup'rive, v. Obs. rare, [up- 4 + rive v.'^] intr. To arrive on shore; to land. *338 8- Brunne Chron. (1810) i In J^e 3ere after.. Kom .. Ini & luore, In schip out of Irelond, in W'ales gan pei vpr>’ue. c 1425 W’yntoun Cron. vii. x. 3275 Quhare pai mycht wit him till vprif, Thare J?ai suld meit him pan belif.

Up-river (*Ap,nv3(r)), a. and sb. orig. U.S. [up prep.^ 2, 6.] 1. adj. a. Belonging to, situated, etc., farther up, or towards the upper end of, a river. 1774 I. Litchfield Jrnl. 19 Apr. in W. J. Litchfield Litchfield Family in Amer. (1906) 1. 334, I.. ordered them to meet at upriver meeting house by the Sun an hour high Complcat in arms with 4 Days provision. 1857 Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. \IH. 732 Charming villages are also rapidly ^ringing into existence along the up river bank of the Grand River in this country. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 648/1 The fine ’up-river’ quality [of cocoa]. 1886 Pall Mall G. 17 .April ^/2 'I'he advantages offered by the up-river docks. 1599 K.EANE Man Past & Pres. 241 The forest and up-river Dyaks.

UPROLL

313

b. Leading or directed towards the source of a river. 1836 Southern Lit. Messenger H. 698/1. I had never imagined that thing half so grand .. awaited us on our up-river jaunt. 1857 W. Chandless FiriMo 5a//Lo/ie i i i 1 passed a few days there, waiting for an up-river boat 1890 •R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 319 W’ending his way along the ‘up-river’ road. 1893 D. J. Rankin Zambesi Basin VI. ^ We proceeded on our up-river journey.

2. sb. The district lying farther up a river. 1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xix, If the men from up-nver come by.

up-'river, a/fr. [up/>rep.* 2.] Towards or in the direction of the source of a river. 1848 1'horeau in Union Mag. Nov. 220/2 Only a few axe¬ men have gone ‘up river’ into the howling wilderness which feeds It. 1887 Harper's Mag. Apr. 667/1 Logs were usually cut and hauled in summer-time to the banks of streams, often a long distance ‘up-river’. 1929 Belloc J^oan of Arc ii. 38 He had been all day up-river in the marshes shooting email. 1981 M. Nabb Death of Englishman i. i. 25 Upriver the ghost of the Ponte Vecchio..was straddling nothing.

Uproar ('Apra3(r)), sb. Also 6 uprour(e, 6-7 uprore (9), -roare. [ad. Du. oproer or MLG. upror (MHG. ufruor, G. aufruhr), f. o/)-, up- UP2 + roer, ror roar sb.^ Cf. also WFris, oproer, oproar, Da. opror, Norw. upprer, Sw. up(p)rdr. In sense 2 associated with roar sb.^ First used by Tindale and Coverdale in passages in which Luther’s Bible has aufruhr. In the same passages the Dutch version of 1563 has oproer, which in that of 1531 appears only as a marginal variant to 2 Kings xi. 14.]

1. An insurrection or rising of the populace; a serious tumult, commotion, or outbreak of disorder among the people or a body of persons. Also without article. Now rare. a. 1526 Tindale Acts xxi. 38 That x^gipcian whych.. made an vproure, and ledde out into the wildernes about iiij. thousande men. 1535 Coverdale 2 Kings xi. 14 Athalia rente hir clothes, & sayde vproure, vproure. *555 W’atreman Fardle Facions ii. xi. 247 Among them is no mutinyng, no vproures, no sturres. 1560 Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 13 b, Who shall represse the sodayne insurrections and civile vprours [L. motus]} 0*548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 169b, The beginner of this temerarious commocion, and sodain vprore. 1561 Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. Ixxvi. 524 Al wise men haue greuousely condemned seditions, which we are wonte to calle tumultes or vprores. 1595 Daniel Civ. Wars iii. xix. Least the realme might chance indure Some new reuolt, or any fresh vprore. 1606 G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xxxiv. 112 That the kingdome should remaine in more safety, and lesse vprore. 1628 Coke On Litt. 109 b, Keeping the king’s peace in time of sudden uprores. y. a 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. lxv. iv, When stormy uproares tosse the peoples brayn. 1607 Dekker Wh. Babylon C2b, Confusion, tyranie, vproares will shake all. 1677 Hubbard Narrative 11. 84 These late Uproars amongst the Indians. 1702 Calamy Life Baxter vi. 76 To avoid Uproars of this kind, he was advis’d to withdraw a while from Home. 1748 Anson's Voy. iii. vi. 347 The officers found it difficult for some time to ^pease the uproar. 1905 J. H. McCarthy Dryad 258 There was nothing so wonderful in the crushing of such an uproar as that of the Catalan Grand Company.

b. In fig. uses.

'uproar, v. [f. prec.] 1. trans. To throw into confusion,

rare.

1605 Shaks. Macb. iv. iii, 99 Nay, had I powre, 1 should .. Vprore the vniuersall peace, confound All vnity on earth. 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 48 The demon rage which uproared Europe’s peace.

2. intr. To make an uproar. 183* Carlyle Sart. Res. iii. viii. Do not we..uproar (toltern), and revel in our mad Dance of the Dead? 1837rr. Rev. iii. vi, ii, Danton was not prone.. to act or uproar for his own safety. Ibid, vii. All men accuse, and uproar, and impetuously acclaim.

tuproarer. Obs. [f. uproar sb.] A creator of uproar; a turbulent person. 1628 Gaule Pract. The. (1629) 212 So doe these rude Vproarers snatch and hale Christ., to their High Priests House. 1647 Hexham 1, An uprorer, or a seditious fellow, een oproermaker.

up'roariness. [f. *uproary, adj. f. uproar 56.]

= UPROARIOUSNESS. 1806 SuRR Winter in Lond. 11. 112 Like the uproariness of our gallery gods, the rudeness of these rogues must perhaps be tolerated. 1834 M. Scott Cruise Midge x. The excess of her joy, and the uproariness of her laughter.

'uproaring, vbl. sb. [f. uproar sb. or v.] tumult or disturbance.

A

1827 Carlyle Germ. Rom. III. 285 Every time a conversion happens,.. there is an uproaring and a shooting.

up'roarious, a. [f. uproar 56.] 1. Making, or given to making, an uproar. 1819 Blackw. Mag. IV. 717 The trio., is altogether so cheerful.., so uproarious, if we may be allowed the expression. 1858 Doran Cr/. Fools loi The bachelor and uproarious Court of William Rufus. 1871 Jowett Plato I. 182 A somewhat uproarious young man.

2. Characterized by uproar; noisy. 1818 Lady G^nville Let. 12 Aug. (1894) I- *35 We arrived here to dinner and found Hart in uproarious spirits. 1849 Mrs. Carlyle Let/. (1882) 11.42 We dined. After that, very youthful and uproarious sports till twelve! 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. §7. 531 The King.. paused.. at Oxford, where he was received with uproarious welcome. 1885 Manch. Exam. 10 Nov. 4/7 The proceedings were ven,' uproarious. 3. fig. Disordered, unkempt. 1836 Jas. Grant Random Recoil. Ho. Lords xiv. 316 The uproarious condition of his dark grey hair.

Hence up'roariously adv., -ness.

1593 Shaks. Lucr. 427 His eye, which late this mutiny restrains. Unto a greater uproar tempts his veins. 1602 Marston Ant. ^ Mel. i. The rocks gron’d At the intestine uprore of the maine.

2. Loud outcry or shouting or tumult.

Pranks Long Meg of l^estm. viii. 16 The street was in such an uproar. 1778 \liss Burney Evelina xl, For some minutes the room seemed quite in an uproar [of laughter]. 1831 [Hare] tr. Tieck s Old Man of Mount. 40 His head is in an m)rore, his heart throbs tumultuously. 1848 L. HuNTyar 0/ Honey 188 Thus it was at Alcamo, where the streets seemed to be in an uproar till after midnight. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. (1856) 522 Ice in an uproar. {b) 1597 Beard Theatre Gods judgem. (1612) 68 Whereat heauen grieuing, clad it selfc in blackc: But earth in vprore triumpht at their wracke. 1630 R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 573 All Persia was in uprore about the election of a new Prince. 01700 Evelyn Diary 16 Aug. 1650, As we pass’d St. Denis the people were in uproar.

vociferation;

noise

of

1544 Betham Precepts War i. clxiii. Hvj, The souldiours .. cannot take anye counsayle of thynges to be doone in suche vprore and wepynges (of women]. 1590 Spenser F.Q. II. ii. 20 That all on vprore.. The house was raysd, and all that in did dwell. 1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 386 The King was receiued into the house.., where without any vproar he slew seuentie. 1667 Milton P.L. x. 479 Night and Chaos wilde.. fiercely oppos’d My journey strange, with clamorous uproare Protesting Fate supreame. 1718 Free-thinker No. 63. 52 A Field of War, stained with Blood, and filled with Uproar and Confusion. 1820 Keats Hyperion in. 1 Thus in alternate uproar and sad peace, Amazed were those Titans utterly. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxv. 317 The sound of wild shrieking,.. mingled with the barking of dogs and other symptoms of general uproar. transf. 1726 Thomson Winter 190 Wild Uproar lords it wide; the Clouds commixt. With Stars, swift-gliding, sweep along the Sky. 1820 Keats Eve St. Agnes xl. The arras.. Flutter’d in the besieging wind’s uproar.

b. With article (an or the) and in pi. 1572 Forrest Theophilus 1057 Although to his shame yt make an uprore Of admyration before the worldes sight. 1623 Bingham Xenophon 98 W’e heard vpon the sudden a great vprore and cry, Strike, strike, throw, throw, a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1693) 187 The daily Uproars about his Palace of Whitehall, which did empenl and threaten his Life. 1760 G. Colman Polly Honeycombe 19 There’s always an uproar in the family about marrying the daughter. 1794 Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxx. It was the wild uproar of not, not the cheering gaiety of tempered mirth. 1832 Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 291 Hearing.. a prodigious uproar in the street, we hastened to the window. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley xv. His uproars are all sound and fuiy, signifying nothing. 1897 Henty On the Irrawaddy 152 The uproar of the advancing crowd was prodigious. Every man was yelling, at the top of his voice.

3. m (an) ‘uproar, in a state of tumult, commotion, or excitement. (a) 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark Pref. Civb, To haue all the worlde in an vprore, and inquieted with warres. 1596 Danett tr. Comines (1614) 55 Those that escaped put all the country in an vprore as they went. 1635 Life &

1838 Dickens O. Twist ix, At which Mr. Charles Bates laughed ’uproariously. 1871 L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. iii. 147 We should.. have been uproariously triumphant over our victory. 1847 L. Hunt men. Women, & B. II. xi. 265 His delight at having his head patted by Lord Clarendon, and his honest ’uproariousness. 1898 ‘H. S. IMerriman’ Roden's Corner xxxii. 340 In jail., for intoxication and uproariousness.

fuproarish, a. Obs. [f. uproar 56.] Turbulent, unruly. Hence f uproarishly at/r. Obs. 1550 W. Lynne Curious Cron. i8ob. The Poles drew into their faction the vprourysh kynde of men called Thaborites. 1647 Hexham i, Vprorish, seditious, or tumultuous. Ibid., Vprorishly or seditiously,

up'roU, V. [up- 4. Cf. WFris. oprolje, Du. oprollen, G. aufrollen, Sw. upprulla, Da. oprulle.] 1. trans. To impel upwards by rolling. 1513 Douglas jEneid vi. ix. 4 Hir rosy chariot the fresche Aurora.. Begouth for till wproll and rais on hie. 1743 Francis tr. Horace, Epodes xvii. 24 Sisiphus, with many a Groan, Uprolls, with ceaseless Toil, his Stone. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 88 Thrice they essayed..on Ossa to uproll Leaf-fraught Olympus.

2. To roll or wind up. Also const, in. 1613 Drum.m. of Hawth. Cypress Grove IP7 A swift., whccle, which twinneth forth and againe vprolleth [1630 vpwindeth] our life. 1623-Flowers Sion xxv, I am that Monarch whom all Monarches feare, Who hath in Dust their farre-stretch’d Pride vproll’d.

b. intr. To concentrate by rolling; to form a roll. 1805-6 Cary Dante, Inf. xxiv. 102 The dust again UproH’d spontaneous, and the self-same form Instant resumed. 1818 Milman Samor vi. 17 But far and wide,.. Venomous and vast the clouds uproll. 1887 Stevenson Mem. & Portraits xiii. 224 How the congregated clouds themselves uproll, as stiff as bolsters!

'uproll, sb. rare, [up-2.] A rolling movement upwards. a X885 G. M. Hopkins Poemx (1967) 192 Moist.. With the uproll and the downcarol of day and night delivering Water. 19^4 A.. Price Sion Crossing v. 83 David must have been.. not quite senior enough to have sighted the gun and pulled the lanyard on the uproll ?

UPROLLED up'rolled, pa. pple. and ppl. a. [up- 5. Cf. UPROLL i’.] Rolled up; brought together by rolling. Also const, in. 1592 Wyrley Armorie, Ld. Chandos 79 Then I call My banner for, vproled I hit bring Vnto my prince. 1600 Fairfax Tasso ix. Ixxxi, The sweat.. Seem’d pearles .., The dust therein vprold, adorn'd his haire. 1667 Milton P.L. VH. 291 Thither they Hasted,.. uprowld As drops on dust conglobing from the drie. 1762 Falconer Shipwr. iii. 406 High o’er the poop th’ audacious seas aspire, Uproll’d in hills of fluctuating fire. 1821 Shelley Boat on Serchio 16 Day had., clothed with light.. The mists in their eastern caves uprolled. 1844 Emerson Ess., Nat., The uprolled clouds and the colours of morning and evening. 1864 E. Sargent Peculiar III. 98 The lids of the eyes hung loosely over the uprolled balls. 'uproot, sb. [f. next.] An uprooted tree. 1891 E. Roper By Track ^ Trail i'n. 33 Stumps and logs and fallen trees, uproots and old dead weeds. up'root, [up-4 + ROOTt;.*:cf. uprooted pple.'\ trans. To tear up by the roots; to remove from a fixed position. 1695 Congreve Taking of Namur viii, Uprooting Hills.. To form the High and Dreadful Scale. 1771 Beattie Minstrel i. xxiv, The river.. Down the vale thunders, and .. Uproots the grove. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 475 Storms and hurricanes sometimes happen, which.. uproot trees. 1836-7 Dickens Sk. Boz, Tales iv, Mr. Cymon .. uprooted the chairs, and removed them further back, i860 Tyndall Glac. I. xxv. 185 We were powerfully shaken, but had no fear of being uprooted. 1877 Huxley Physiogr. 171 The stalks are not uprooted and carried across the field. b. fig. To remove as by tearing up; to eradicate, exterminate, destroy. pat worde vpstert [t’.rr. vp sterte, vp stirte] pis olde wif. c 1400 Tourn. Tottenham iv, Upsterte the gadlyngs w ith thaire lang staues. 1412-20 Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 919 Anoon Dispeir in a rage vp-sterte And cruelly cau3te hym by pe herte. a 1529 Skelton Col. Chute 646 Sodaynly vpstarte From the donge carte, The mattocke and the shule, To reygne and to rule. 1554 in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. 139 The suffragan.. upstert to the Pulpit. 1590 Spenser F.Q. I. i. 16 Their dam vpstart, out of her den effraide, And rushed forth. 1602 2nd Pt. Return Parnass. ii. v. 908 At last he [sc. the hart] vpstarted at the other side of the water. 1700 Dryden Ovid's Met. xni. 3 To these the Master of the sevenfold Shield Upstarted fierce. 1725 Pope Odyssey xiv. 569 Upstarted Thoas strait, Andr$mon’s son. i8i6 WoRDSW. Ode Morn. Gen. Thanksgiving 147 As from a forest-brake Upstarts a glistering snake. 1859 Tennyson Merlin & V. 421 The beauteous beast Scared by the noise upstarted at our feet.

b. Of the hair: To rise on end. 1513 Douglas JEneid iv. vi. 2 Wpstert his hair, the voce stak in his hals. 1563 Mirr. Mag. Pivb, While my heares vpstarted with the sight, The teares out streamde.

c. To spring up by growth; to come into existence. 1573 Tusser Husb. (1878) 49 Much wetnes.. makes thistles a number foorthwith to vpstart. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 363 b, As one eirour doth commonly engender another; there upstart another whelpe of the same litter. 1875 Morris .^neid viii. 637 There for the sons of Romulus the sudden war upstarts With Tatius.

d. To rise suddenly into view. 1874 R. Buchanan Poet. Wks. I. 4 O wondrous Faces that upstart In this Strange Country. 1880 Browning Pan & Luna 22 Peak to base, Upstarted mountains.

2. trans.

To cause to start up.

1892 Towndrow Garden 47 Where the moor-hen shyly pushes Into darkness when upstarted.

up'started*/)/)/. a. (up- 5. Cf. prec.) 1602 Marston Ant. Mel. iii. E2, Gastly amazement, with vpstarted haire. Shall.. vsher vs. 1613 Ch.apman Rev. Bussy D Ambots i. B3 b. What thoughts the many headedbeast.. breathes out concerning me, My ends, and new vpstarted state in Brabant.

Hence up’startedness.

UPSTREAMING

320

Rising. 1727 Gay Fables i. xxiv. How insolent is upstart pride! 17M Gibbon Decl. & F. xlvii. IV. 550 He dreaded their upstart ambition. 1817 Cobbi-tt Pol. Reg. 25 Jan. 99 The upstart pride of those who call themselves the gentlefolk of NIanchester. 1822 H.azlitt Table-t. Ser. ii. iv. 66, I do not desire to be driven out of my conclusions., merely to make way for his upstart pretensions.

Li/e (1912) v. 89 Silence, like an upstartled hound, skulked sulkily to its place again.

uppstyr riot, tumult, disturbance.] A disturb¬ ance or commotion.

'upstate, adv., a., and sb. orig. and chiefly U.S. Also Up-State, up State, etc. A. adv. 1. In that part of a state which is (regarded as) higher than another, or is more remote from the chief centre. Freq. with reference to the State of New Y'ork.

1549 Cheeke Hurt Sedit. (1569) D j b. Better redressc was emended, then your vpstirres and vnquietnesse coulde obtaine. 1550 Harington tr. Cicero's Bk. Friendship (1562) 26 Tiberius Graccus.. made an vp sturre in the common wealth. 1847 Halliwell. 1849- in general dialect use {Eng.

1901 in N. Amer. Ret'. Feb. 162 .American girls., imported from small towns up-State. 1938 J. Daniels Southerner discovers South 247, I heard about it upstate. 1958 Economist 8 Nov. 504/2 Confident.. that he would do well in the city.., Mr Harriman had concentrated his efforts upstate. 1977 New Yorker 5 Sept. 29/3 He was coming upstate Friday, and staying for the weekend. 1985 Village Voice (N.Y.) 8 Jan. 3/1 At that time, the remaining six projects located upstate with 175 beds will be under construction.

2. U.S. slang. In prison. *934 ^• W'lLDER Heaven's my Destination 23 You get the strait-jacket.. upstate. 1977 ‘E. McBain’ Long Time no See xi. 177 She got married while I was upstate doing time.

B. adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, an area upstate; situated upstate, rural; also, designating part of a State remote (esp. north) from a large city, as upstate New York. 1901 Daily Chron. 16 Sept. 3/7 All the up-State constituencies. 1904 Collier's 16 July 16/1 The crews of the up-State college [Cornell]. 1935 Amer. Speech X. 107 Pronunciation in upstate New York... Upstate speech has been studied., by three previous investigators. 1949 Southern Weekly 16 Nov. 3/2 This is the figure with complete returns from Greater New York and 19 up-State districts missing. 1969 WallSt.Jrnl. 30 Sept. 28/3 Five days at an upstate New York county fair. 1978 J. Updike Coup vi. 219 Not a metropolis, but a small industrial city, of the type you call.. upstate. 1983 ‘W. Haggard’ Heirloom i. 6 He had taken her back to up-State New York.

C. elhpt. or as sb. An upstate region; a rural area. 1965 Economist 23 Jan. 323/1 It was the Democrats from ‘upstate’ (outside the city) who swung behind Mr Kennedy at once. 1972 Village Voice (N.Y.) i June 78/2 The Liberal Socialists, who came down every week from upstate for meetings. 1974 Progress {Easley, S. Carolina) 24 Apr. ii. 8/4 Many of us in the upstate do not appreciate the value of the Tidelands.. to our environment.

Hence 'upstater, one who lives or comes from upstate. 1944 E. A. Holton Yankees were like This xvii. 202 The Cape Codder and the Up-Stater are blood brothers with only the difference in the backdrops of sea or mountain. 1965 Economist 23 Jan. 323/1 Now, around the figure of Senator Kennedy,.. the upstaters have begun to develop some strength. 1975 Neui Yorker loYeh. 106/3 In a move to put upstaters’ minds at ease about one thing, Carey., assured them, ‘The capital of this state is not New York City or elsewhere.’

up'stay, V. [up- 4.] 1. trans. To sustain by material support; to prop up. 159® Spenser F.Q. iii. xii. 21 Those two villeins, which her steps vpstayd. 1596 Ibid. iv. i. 37 They reared him on horsebacke, and vpstayd. 1642 H. More Song of Soul i. ii. xxvii, An uggly cloven foot this monster doth upstay. 1667 Milton P.L. vi, 195 The tenth on bended knee His massie Spear upstaid. 1793 Wordsw. Descriptive Sk. 252 Bare steeps, where Desolation stalks,.. by a blasted yew upstay’d. 1814- Excurs. vii. 678 The Child.. by some friendly finger’s help upstayed. 1873 R. Bridges Elegy on Lady Poems (1912) 239 Each on high a torch upstaying.

2. fig. To sustain, support.

(up-

5. Cf. next.) 10,

I was not a little

up'stirring, vbl. sb. [up- 7.] The action of stirring up or arousing; stimulation; incitement, encouragement. 1613 P. Forbes Comm. Rev. v. (1614) 30 The singing of the rest should serue the Church for a new vpstirring to insist in his praise. 01653 Binning Serm. (1735) 634/1 There is no up-stirring to Faith among us. 1671 [R. MacWard] True Nonconf. 393 We are to emulat the grace and principle of zeal.. for our upstirring to acts in like manner. 1730 T. Boston Mem. xi. (1899) 353 The which practice I found useful to my upstirring. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. 414 The upstirring of infidel principles, a 1861 Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. (1878) I. 142 St was a period of deep-seated mental excitement, of a prodigious upstirring of the human intellect.

up'stirring, ppL a.

[up-

6.]

Stimulating,

rousing. 175* R- Shirra in Rem. (1850) 182 Sacred biography is very upstirring to the godly reader. 1834 D. Smith Mem. Rev. John Brown of Whitburn 57 Only as viewed in promises are they sanctifying and upstirring.

'upstoop. Mining. (See quots.) 1883 Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 269 W’hen a heading is driven to a point at which another should be put in or meet it at right angles.., the first-named heading is called up¬ stoop. 1886 J. Barrowman Sc. Mining Terms 69 A working room is up stoop or in stoop when its length is equal to the side of the pillar to be formed.

fupstraight, a. Obs. (= upstretched),

up-

[up- 3. Cf. ME. upstreyht 5.] Erect, upright.

159^ Florio, Trisciato, smooth, vp-straight, smug. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1. iii. i, For that old crumpled wight gan go upstraight.

Up-Stream, adv. (sb.) and a. Also up stream, upstream, [up prep.^ 2, 6.] A. adv. 1. a. In a direction contrary to the flow of a stream; higher up or along a stream. Common from c 1890. Properly as two words, stressed up-stream, except when contrasted with down-stream. In recent use also const, of or from (a place). 1681 Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 1282 To go up stream, adverso fiumine navigate. 1839 Longf. Hyperion i. viii. (1844) 58 The rising tide bears against the rushing torrent up stream, and pushes back the hurrying waters. 1849 Cupples Green Hand xvi, The sound of a loud rush of water up-stream broke upon us. 1889 Jerome Three Men in Boat ix. 142 Three or four miles up stream is a trifle, early in the morning.

b. quasi-56. A position or place further up a stream. 1891 Nature i8 June 152/2 From upstream of it are derived three main trunk canals. 1915 I. H. Evans in Man XV. 25 A spot some two miles to the up-stream of the Tamu ground.

2. In tbe oil and gas industries: at or towards tbe source of production; spec, at a stage in tbe process of extraction and production before tbe raw material is ready to be refined. ^973 Auckland Star 10 Feb. 18 The most natural way the oil producers can spend their vast wealth .. is in developing the industry itself. Huge investment is needed ‘upstream’. 1983 Business Week 21 Feb. 61/1 KPC has not neglected foreign activities upstream. It wants to expand exploration in the U.S.

upsteamed, -steaming: see up- 5, 6.

B. adj. ('up-stream) higher up a stream.

1642 Heylin Hist. Episc. n. 93 Undertaking.. to make known the new upstartednesse of their Assemblies.

tupsteaming, pres. pple. steam stem v.*'\ Rising up.

up'starting, vbl. sb. (up- 7.) [1775 Ash.] 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1. 27 This continual upstarting of refractory powers.

1582 Stanyhurst ^neid n. 28 Two serpents.. Whose brests vpsteaming [L. arrecta],.. Hygh the sea surmounted.

up’starting, pres. pple. and ppl, a. (up- 6, 6 b. Cf. UPSTART tJ.) 1581 HANMERjesuiter Banner Bab, This new found order and vpstarting Jesuites. 1592 Greene 2nd Pt. Conny Catch. A 2 b, Such vpstarting suckars that consume the sap from the roote of the Tree. 1596 Spenser F.Q. v. v. 13 By this vpstarting from her swoune, she star’d.. about her. 1784 CoW'PER TasA iiL 521 Then rise the tender germs upstarting quick. 1812 J. W ILSON Isle of Palms 11. 70 As to the touch of fair\'-hand Upstarting dim the nameless land Extends its mountain line. C1830 Praed Poems (1864) II. 308 Lo, they w ■ ■ k^ from their broken prayer. 1893 afCarthy Dictator xxvi, She had. .slept a little in a fitful upstarting sort of way.

up; to throw into turmoil or disorder.

up'startled,/)/)/. a. (up- 5.) 1812 Cary Dante, Parad. xxvi. 72 The upstartled wight loathes that he sees. 1846 J. H. Stirling in A. H. Stirling

up'stirred,/)a. pple.

1663 Blair Autobiog. ii. (1848) refreshed and upstirred.

1600 Fairfax Tasso xvii. xliii, For by the sword, the scepter is vpstaid. 1619 Drayton Legends iv. 338 That Atlas, which the gouemement vpstay’d. 1820 Wordsw. River Duddon xxviii. 11 Glad meetings, tender partings, that upstay The drooping mind of absence. 1851 Clough Relig. Poems vii. 10 A hand that is not ours upstays our steps. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mono i. i. 2 If God.. still with life upstay The hand that writes.

rare.

up'startle, v. (up- 4.) a 1849 Poe Whipple, etc.. Wks. 1864 III. 388 Multitudinous thunders that up startle aghast the echoes. 1870-4 J. Thomson City Dread/. Nt. XX. vii, A louder crash upstartled me in dread.

Dial. Diet.).

up'steer, v. Now dial,

[up-

Obs.-'

[up- 6

+

4.] trans. To stir

IS57 Phaer Mneid vi. (1558) Sj, What slaughters wyld shall they vpsteere.’ 1570 Satir. Poems Reform, xi. 38 Wa worth the wit that first began This deir debait for to vpsteir. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 273 His Nobilis.. he vpsteiris to take Weapounis. 1889 N. W. Line. Gloss, (ed. 2) 589 All th’ rooms was upsteer’d.

Hence up'steerer.

rare~'.

1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 413 That 3e suld be the .. author and vpsteirer of thir tumultes.

upstick, adv. phr. (See stick sb.' 7, and up adv.' 30) 1904 A. Griffiths 50 Yrs. Pub. Serv. 81 The Naval Agent .. dying to be upstick and away.

Up stick(s, verbal phrase: see stick sb.' 7, and UP adv.' 30.

1. Situated farther or

1838 Civil Eng. Arch. Jrnl. I. 150/1 The up-stream angles of the dam. 1843 Ibid. Vl. 88/1 [A] deposit accumulated largely on the up-stream side. 1875 Knight Diet. Mech. 1084/2 The up-stream end of a canal-lock.

2. Directed, taking place, up-stream. 1826 J. F. Cooper Mohicans iii, Thev call this up-stream current the tide. 1889 Science-Gossip XXV. 209/2 There is an up-stream migration of elvers in the spring. 1894 Field 9 June 832/1 Many experienced anglers do not like an up¬ stream wind for.. dun hatchings.

3. U.S. Difficult, troublesome,

rare-'.

*847 j. Brown in Boston Public Library Bulletin May (1900) 177, I do not wish any upstream measure taken to supply funds.

4. Relating to the stages in the production of oil and gas before the raw material is ready for refining. 1965 Williams & Meyers Oil & Gas Terms (ed. 2) 429 Gathering activities are .. ended when gas reaches a central point... Facilities used before this point of demarcation are upstream facilities. 1981 Times 3 Apr. 17/1 Upstream activities. . are overshadowed by the comfortable world supply position while downstream, weak demand is making it more difficult to recoup rising operating costs.

up'streaming, pres. pple.

and

ppl. a.

(up-

6,

upstiflfed: see up- 5.

6 b.)

upstir. Now dial. Also 6 upstirre, upsturre.

1849 M. Arnold Resignation 62 There [it] winds, upstreaming slowly still Over the summit of the hill. 1884 Geikie Phys. Geog. (ed. 2) 87 A zone, in which the currents would meet and ascend as an upstreaming mass of air.

[up- 2 + STIR sb.'

Cf. MDa. opstyr, Norw.

UPSTREET

321

'upstreet, adv. colloq. and dial, [up prep.^ 5.] Up or along the street; in, into, or towards the higher part of a town, etc. 1828, etc. [see down-street adv. (a.)]. 1933 (see pie sb * 4 a]

upstretched, pa. pple. and ppl. a. (up- 6, 6 b.) 1563 C’tess Hertford in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. II. 278 The Queens .. graceous pardon .., wych wvth upstretched hands . most humbly 1 crave. 1642 H. More Song of Soul II. ii. III. xxii, So must it be upstretch’d unto the skie. i860 O.W . Holmes Elsie V. v, I'wo meeting-houses stood on two eminences,.. looking .. as if they would .. crow out of their upstretched steeples.

UPSY

291 Political machinery for collective guarantee the revolutionary upsurge.

leadership

to

3. A sharp rise in economic activity, demand, prices, etc. •935 Sun (Baltimore) 22 Apr. 8/2 A sharp upsurge in the postal receipts at Denver. 1955 Times 14 July 13/1 It was hardly to be expected that the paint industry could fail to share in the general upsurge of industrial activity over the past 18 months. 1962 Listener 7 June 980/2 The speediest possible upsurge in the production of meat and milk. 1974 Guardian 25 Jan. 14/1 An upsurge in exports this year has boosted the national output by 6 9 per cent. 1985 Times 8 Jan. 17/2 Distillers Co... was another to fail to join the upsurge.

4. A rapid growth in number or size. t up-striked, pa. pp/e. Obs.-' [up-5.] Struck up, arranged. 1677 F. Sandford Genealog. Hist. Kings Eng.

130 So

tween Sister and this Prince, The marriage was up-strik’d.

tup-striker. Obs. [up-8.] (See quot.) 1726 J. Laurence Netv Syst. Agnc. 198 Of Brick-making, .■tn Up-striker, a Boy, that lays the Earth upon the Table, and cuts it out for the Moulder.

'up-stroke. Also upstroke, [up- 2 -1- stroke ii.i] 1. dial. The upshot, end, or conclusion. 1828- in Eng. Dial. Diet. (Yks., Lancs., Derby, Line,).

2. A stroke delivered upwards. 1828 Gardener's Mag. HI. 30 The air which enters from the valves by the up-stroke of the bellows. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 447/2 When the up-stroke is being made .. the piston is forced to make part of a revolution.

•955 A. L. Rowse Expansion of Elizabethan Eng. 161 The sudden imsurge.. is witnessed precisely by Hakluyt. 1974 Sunday Post (Glasgow) 31 Mar. 9/1 In this year of strife there’s been an upsurge of Scots wanting to emigrate.

5. lit. A surging upwards. • 969 Daily Tel. 5 Feb, 1/8 There was such an upsurge of gas that 14 surplus workmen were evacuated by helicopter. But then the safety valve clicked in.

up'surgence. [f. prec. -tresurgence, etc.] = upsurge.

-ence,

after

1934 in Webster. 1945 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Feb. 40/2 Mr. Harry L. Hopkins’ view of what is needed to keep the Germans and Japanese from new upsurgences is certainly not a frivolous one. •958 Church Times 22 Aug. 3/4 He emphasized the great dangers of the upsurgence of nonChristian religions in the Eastern world —particularly Buddhism. 2971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xii. 160/1, I have mentioned the possible effect of plant upsurgence during the Carboniferous.

3. The upward stroke of a pen, etc. 1848 Dickens Dombey lix, [She] clutches the money tight until a receipt.. is duly signed, to the last up-stroke. 1856 Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh i. 847 Some upstroke of an alpha and omega. 1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 822 In the irritable heart of young adults the upstroke in the sphygmogram is brisk and high.

4. Physiol. The part of a nerve impulse when the action potential is becoming more positive.

up'swallow,

V.,

etc. (up- 4, 5, 6.)

•59^ Drayton Harmonie of Church, Song Jonah 8 Mighty wallowing waves.. Have with their power up-swallowed me. 1618 H. Ainsworth Ps. evii. 27 All their wisdom is upswallowed quight. 1850 Blackie Mschylus 11. 176 And the greedy spear upswallowing, Man by man, its gory food. • 853 F. W. Newman Odes of Horace 97 Some, victims to stern-gazing Mars The Furies give: and sailors The greedy sea upswallows.

1974 Nature 4 Jan. 69/2 The upstroke of the action potential is considered the result of a Hodgkin cycle. 1979 Sci. Amer. Sept. 65/2 The depolarizing upstroke of the action potential is produced mainly by the inflow of sodium ions into the terminal.

up'swarm, v. trans. (up- 4.)

tupsty, Obs.-' [Cf. next and OE. upstige, OHG. ufsttc, ON. upp-stiga.^ Ascension (of Christ).

upswarming, -sway: see up- 4, 6.

CI300 Cursor M. 20831 (Edin.), Aftir pe upsteich [Cott. vpstei, Goti. vpslij of drijtine.

tup'sty, V. Obs. Forms: i upstiyan, 3-4 vpstiyhe, 5 up-sti3e4 vpsty; 3-4 vpsteghe, vpstei, 4 upstey, 4-5 vpstey. [OE. upstisan (up- 4), = WFris. opstige^ MDu. opstigen (Du. opstijgen)^ OHG. ufstigan (G. aufsteigen), ON. uppstiga (MSw. Mp-, opstigha, Sw. uppstiga^ Da. opstige).'\ intr. To rise or mount up; to ascend, a 900 Cynewulf Crist 464 upstije ancenned sunu. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. John i. 51 5e jeseod.. Codes englas i^-stijende & nyjjer-stijende ofer mannes sunu. a 1300 c.E. Psalter ciii. 9 Vpsteghes hilles, and feldes doun gas. a 1300 Cursor M. 203 How he [jc. Christ] vprais, how he vpstey. Many man on stad and sey. 1382 Wyclif Gen. xxxii. 26 Leeue me, forsothe now vpsteyeth the morewetide. c 1400 Love Bonavent. Mirr. iii. (Gibbs & Sherard MSS.), \>e syght of hier sone myghtyly to heuene upstyynge.

Hence t up'stying vbl. sb. Obs. a 1300 E.E. Psalter ciii. 3 [He] J>at settes t»in vpsteghing kloude [I’.r. upstiying )?ine j>e kloude]. £11325 Prose Psalter Ixxxviii. 18 Our vp-steijeing ys of our Lord. C1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 86 After good constellacioun of J>e mone, & his remuynge fro nusant sterrys, and his prosperyte of his vpstiyng. c 1450 Mirk's Festial i. 152 Yn pys vpsteyng pat ys callet pe assencyon.

fup'styer. Obs.-^ [up- 8, or f. prec. Cf. ON. uppstigari.] One who mounts; a rider. C1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4180 Dan. .sal pe nedder be,.. And sal byte pt hors by pt hufe harde. And mak J>e upstegher fal bakwarde.

tup-sun, adv. phr. Obs. [up adv.'^ i b. Cf. sun¬ up.] a. with up-sun, at sunrise, b. Sc. Between sunrise and sunset. a 1400-50 Wars Alex. 4067 pe secund day with vp son he with his sowme ne3es. 1703 Fountainhall Decis. (1761) 11. 189 The precise question was. If an ejection may be executed in the night-time,.. or if it must be done with upsun. 1825 Jamieson, It u'as upsun, the sun was not set. Galloway.

'upsurge, [up-2.] 1. A sudden rise or increase of feeling. 1928 Catholic Times ii May 11/5 His books are an upsurge of primitive passion. 1944 D. Welch Jrnl. 20 June (*973) *23, I remember..saying, ‘That’s a wonderful poem,’ and his vital uf>$urge of agreement. 1958 Times 28 June 9/3 There has been a great upsurge of interest in recent years in regal pelargoniums. 1971 Times 22 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) p. vii/2 More recently there has been a noisy upsurge of En^lish-Canadian nationalism in Toronto.

2. An uprising, an insurrection. 1930 Aberdeen Press fsf yrnl. 4 Feb. 7/5 The beginnings of a widespread revolutionary upsurge..are visualised in a proclamation issued by the Red International. 1937 E. Lvo.ns Assignment tn Ut^ia (1938) n. ii. 68 The Chinese heritage asserted itself. [Eugene] Chen traveled to the land of his forebears and. without knowing its language, became a leader in the revolutionary upsurge. 1963 Ann. Reg. 1962

•597 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. ii. 30 You haue taken vp .. The Subiects of Heauens Substitute, my Father, And. . Haue here vp-swarmed them.

'upsweep, [up-2.] 1. An upward movement in a long, sweeping curve; a raising or lifting up. Also fig. 1898 W. J. Locke Idols xx. 285 ‘Who knows?’ said Minna, with an insolent upsweep of her lazy lashes. 2954 M. Oliver Failing Wine xxvii. 100 But what are we to say of the upsweep of the moral curve? 1976 Daily Tel. 2 Aug. 10 As a result I believe we would see an upsweep in the morale of the whole country.

b. spec.

An upswept hair-style.

1946 ‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fiends (1947) xxi. 151 She moved out of the room .. absently patting tne stray hairs of her upsweep. 2978 J. Updike Coup iii. 105 The trirn Dacron skirt and jacket, with secretarial upsweep and.. dearth of bangles.

up'swell, V. [up- 4 + SWELL V. Cf. MDu. opswellen (Du. opzwellen), MLG. upswellen, MHG. ufszvellen (G. aufschwellen).] 1. intr. To swell up; to rise up by or as by swelling. Also fig. C1386 Chaucer Prioress' T. 108 The serpent Sathanas, That hath in lues herte his waspes nest, Vp swal [Petworth MS. vpswal] and seide [etc.]. 1582 Stanyhurst JEneis ii. (Arb.) 52 His feet ar vpswelling with rajmes of bridil ybroached. 1740 Dyer Ruins of Rome 135 The num’rous porticoes and domes upswell. With.. columns interpos’d. 1816 WoRDSw. Ode, 1814, 14 The azure sea upswelled upon the sight. 1828 J. Sterling Ess., etc. (1848) II. 62 The tall ash which.. upswells to and waves amid the skies. 1875 Morris ^netdxii. 666 In his heart upswelled a mighty hood Of.. maddening grief.

2.

trans. To increase the (something) by or as by swelling.

volume

of

1582 Stanyhurst JEneis ii. (Arb.) 56 As a trauayler.. whips backward from woorme, with poysoned anger Vpsweld. 1793 WoRDSw. Descr. Sk. 563 Alps overlooking Alps their state upswell. 1845 Mangan German Anthology I. 48 The rain.. dashes earthwards in floods, Upswelling the deluging fountains.

Upswelled,/)/>/. a. (up- 5. Cf. prec.) 1878 Le Conte Elem. Geol. 246 These lines of upswelled and folded strata.

up'swelling, vbl. sb. (up- 7.) 1548 Bodrugan Epit. King's Title 248 In tempestious vpswellynges of water. 1658 A. Fox Wiirtz' Surg. iii. xiv. 260 That water.. Blleth up that place.., wherby [it].. is enforced to an up-swelling. 1878 Le Conte Elem. Geol. ii. V. 253 The amount of upswelling.. is fully adequate to account for the upheaval of the greatest mountain-chains.

up'swelling, ppl. a. (up- 6 b.) 1855 Brimley Ess. (1858) 74 The personal unhappiness, the private wrong, ..give way before the upswelling sympathy.

'upswept, a. Also (older) up'swept. [up- 5 (6).] 1. Swept up. • 791 CowPER Iliad XI. 375 The foam Upswept by wand’ring gusts fills all the air.

2. Applied to (a style of) hair brushed up and fastened at the top of the head; = stvept-up s.v. SWEPT ppl. a. I. 1938 Vogue 15 June 34 Those toy-size doll hats . .on many French heads already and what a fine solution they arc to up-swept hair. 1939 M. B. Picken Lang. Fashton 160/3 Cf)suept, term applied to style of hairdress with smooth, highswept back and small curls on top of head. 1946 P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fiends (1947) xvii. 119 Her rakish upswept hair-do. 1959 News Chron. 12 Aug. 3/6 Two oval faces, with smooth up-swept hair. 1976 J. Grenfell Joyce Grenfell requests Pleasure xiii. 182 Lynn showed me how to achieve a fold at the back of my up-swept hair. 1981 .\. Lurie Lang. Clothes iii. 72/1 Her upswept hairdo, puffed out over pads of wire and horsehair.

3. More generally, having an upward sweep, curved upwards. i960 Netes Chron. i6 Sept. 1/7 The woman the police are seeking. . wears glasses with blue upswept frames. 1961 Shropshire Mag. Apr. 43/1 (Advt.), New spectacle frames... Two-tone 17/-; Upswept 20/-. 1961 Webster s.v.. Upswept rear fenders. 1984 Washington Post 9 July C7/1 There he is, with his striped pantaloons and upswept conquistador hat.

'upswing, [up- 2.] BACK- A. n. rare.

1. Golf. = back-swing s.v.

1922 WoDEHOUSE Clicking of Cuthbert vi, 145 His up¬ swing was shaky, and he swayed back perceptibly.

2. a. Econ. An upward movement or trend in economic conditions; a (period of) improvement in trading activity. Freq. in advb. phr. on the upswing. 1934 Sun (Baltimore) 20 Oct. 1/2 Reflecting a sharp upswing in retail trade throughout the country, data on current employment and pay roll trends were made public today. 1946 [see down-swing]. 1953 Times 31 Oct. i/ii They do not.. reflect the vigorous upswing in the industrial output this year, as revealed by the monthly Treasury indices. 1967 N.Y. Herald Tribune (Intemat. ed.) 11-12 Feb. 7/7 (heading) Market closes on upswing; color TV comes into deinand. 1973 ’R. MacLeod’ Burial in Portugal iv. 90 When he’d bought in. Consolidated had already been shading at 130 and Maltsters had been on the upswing at 146. 1983 Daily Tel. 20 Oct. 21/2 The latest batch of cyclical indicators suggest that the upswing in the economy will continue well into 1984.

b. transf. and fig. •947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. I. 351 The seasonal upswings of influenza A or B are much less uniform in time than those of other diseases such as diphtheria, measles, or chickenpox. •951 Sunday Pictorial 21 Jan. 12/5 There is a general upswing in your affairs. 1963 ‘E. McBain’ Ten Plus One (1964) ii. 27 Gang violence.. seemed to enjoy an upswing during the summer months. 1976 A. Cassorla Skateboarder's Bible 13 The Sport was once again on the up¬ swing.

upswollen: see up- 5. tupsy, prep, phrase. Obs. Forms: 6-7 vpsy, vpsey, vpse, vpsie, 7 vpsee; 7 upsy, upsi, upse, upzee, 7-8 upsey. [ad. Du. op zijn (= op sei), lit. ‘on his (her, or its)', used in such expressions as op zijn Vriesch, ‘in the Frisian fashion’.] In the .. fashion; after the .. manner. A. In the phrases upsy Friese, Dutch, English, ‘after the Frisian, German (or Dutch), English fashion’, used originally with reference to modes or habits of drinking. 1. upsy Friese. 1. adv. Deeply, heavily, to excess. The phrase also occurs as the name of a tune (a 1627) in Historie of Fryer Bacon. The reason for the addition of crosse in quot. 1592 is not clear. 1592 Nashe P. Penilesse Eiv, He is no body that cannot drinke super nagulum, carouse the Hunters hoop, quaffe vpsev freze crosse. 1601 [? Marston] Jarjfe Drums Entert. 11. D 4 b, Powre Wine,.. Drinke Duch like gallants, lets drinke vpsey freeze. 1606 Dekker Set'. Sins 1. (Arb.) 12 They., were drunke, accordii^ to all the learned rules of Drunkennes, as Vpsy-Freeze, Crambo, Parmizant, &c. 1635 Heywood Philocoth. 65 To drinke Vpse-phreese.

b. Thoroughly; entirely; quite. 1598-9 B. JoNSON Case is Altered iv. iii, Tut, no more of this surquedry: I am thine own ad unguem, upsie freeze, pell mell.

2. sb. A mode of drinking or carousing. 1590 Lodge Euphues Gold. Leg. D 2, After they had feasted and frolickt it twise or thrise with an vpsey freeze. 1600 Nashe Summer's Last Will Fjb, A vous, mounsieur Winter, a frolick vpsy freese, crosse, ho, super nagulum. 1^8 Dekker Dead Term A 4 b, At his [i.e. the Dutchman’s] owne weapon of Vpsie freeze will they dare him.

b. Intoxicating liquor, rare. (Cf. C.) 1648 Canterburie March B 3 Fill me a cup of upsy-frize To joy our Friends.

3. adj. rare-'.

Inclined or addicted to carousing.

1631 J. Done Polydoron 105 The Saylor is reasonable at Sea and cannot abide W’histling; but at Land they [sc. soldiers and sailors] are both upzeefreeze.

Hence upsy-'friese v., to drain or empty (a pot of liquor); upsy-'friesy a., addicted to drinking deeply. 1617 J. Taylor (Water-P.) Trav. to Hamburgh B 2, My company and my selfc went to a Dutch drinking-schoole. and.. vpsefreez’d foure pots of boone beere. 1622 Massinger & Dekker Virg. Martyr ii. i, Bacchus.. grand patron of rob-pots, upsy-freesy tipplers, and super-naculum takers.

II. upsy Dutch. \.adv. - prec. i. 1607 Dekker Knt.'s Conjur. (1842) 29 He..swore he could find in his heart to goe presently (hauing drunk vpsy

UPTAILS

322

Dutch). 1622 Fletcher Beggar's Bush m. i, Sit downe Lads. And drink me upsey-Dutch. at per inne was pen castel him vp take [ti.r. optake].

3. To pick or take up; to raise from the ground, etc.; to lift. Obs. or arch. a 1300 E.E. Psalter xvii. 19 He sent fra hegh, and vptoke me; Fra many watres me nam he. 13 .. K. Alls. 7579 (Laud MS.), He was vptaken of gentil men And ysette on heije benche. c 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 5142 Ihesu Crist pat here es uptane Fra yhow, til heven. C1420 Anturs of Arth. 656 (Douce MS.), Bope pes trauayled mene pey truly vp take; Vnnethe miyte po sturne stonde vp rijte. c 1440 Pallad. on Hush. XI. 291 Of see quyete vptaketh they marvne Water purest. 1587 Turberv. Trag. T. 89 b, Then willd he all the Ladies limmes..To be vptaken, peece by peece. 1596 Spenser F’.Q. iv. ii. 25 It.. befell. That Satyran a girdle did vptake. Well knowne to appertaine to Florimell. PS- 2599 Spenser F.Q, iii. ii. 9 The word gone out, she backe againe would call,.. But that he it vp-taking ere the fall. Her shortly answered. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes ii. ii. 37 But Sancho (wise) uptakes That matter, and.. Desires with bread and cheese to pacific His great distemper.

fh. fig. To raise from distress or straits; to take into one’s care or protection. Obs. Only in or after Biblical usage, usually tr. L. suscipere. 01300 E.E. Psalter xxvi. i6 Mi fader and mi moder me for-soke t?ai; Lauerd sothlike v’ptoke me ai. a 1340 Hampole Psalter xvii. 38 \>i righthand vptoke me. 1388 VVyclif Isaiah xli. 10 Y coumfortide thee..; and the ri3thond of my iust man vp took thee, c 1400 Prymer (1895) 84 Uptake I?ou me bi pi word, & y schal lyue. ^1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 127 Israel for his childe up-toke he to cum. 1551 Sternhold & H. Ps. vi. 4 Lord tume thee to thy wonted grace, my sely soule vp take [1584 vptake].

fc. To raise up, exalt. Also absol. Obs. c 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 8247 bai salle pan se.. Whi ane es uptane tylle a kyngdom, And ane other es putted in-tylle thraldom, c 1460 Towneley Myst. xxiv. 380 As fortune assyse men wyll she make; hir manners ar nyse, she can dowme and vptake.

t4. To take possession of; to occupy. Obs.

1694 Poor Robin Dec. Byb, Whisk, Uptails, Sant, NewCut, .. With other Games besides, the which I know not.

c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. iv. ix. 1173 All pe cete bus fand pai With bare fais neirevptane. 1452 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 131/2 My gudis .. to be frely ressavit, uptakyn, governit and fullely disponit at the will.. of the saide Walter. 1513 Douglas dEneid ni. ii. 108 The lugeingis [were] void and reddy to thair fais. The sete left waist till ony it wptais.

'uptake, sb. Also Sc. uptak’, north, dial, uptack. [up- 2. Cf. ON. and Icel. upptak neut., upptaka

C1440 Psalmi Peniten. (1894) i Lord, yn thin anger, uptake [L. corripias] me nought.

1671 Juliana iii. 26 How I shall laugh to see the little pretty uptails come to make a home-thrust at a man.

3. A card-game.

fern.] 1. The action of, or capacity for, understanding: comprehension. Usu. in phr. quick {slow, gleg (Sc.), etc.) on {at, in) the uptake. Orig. Sc. 1816 Scott Old Mort. vii, Everybody’s no sae gleg at the uptake as ye are yoursell. 1847 W. E. Aytoun Dreepdaily ^rghs iv, ‘I really do not understand you, gentlemen.’ Troth, then, ye’re slow at the uptak.’ 1871 Alexander Johnny Gibb x, I’m nae savin’’t Benjie hisna a better uptak’ ^ him. 1878 A. Paul Random Writ. 112 Children are very quick in the uptake. 1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby vi. 162 T hey.. are not so ‘smart’, so quick in the up-take, as themselves. 1927 H. A. Vachell Dew of Sea 259 For a moment the chieftain was puzzled. But he was fairly quick at the up-take, replying after a pause. 1931 D. L. Sayers Five Red Herrings viii. 92 A good girl.. but slow in the uptake. 1940 S. Lambert Ariel & all his Quality viii 190 No one was ‘quicker on the uptake’; no one responded quicker to a nod or a wink. 1949 Here Gf Now (N.Z.) Oct. 13/1 An energetic, likeable, cockily pugnacious figure, but slow, almost Neanderthally slow, on the uptake. 1957 H. Nicolson journey to Java vi. 106 Being quick at the uptake he then realized that the flat had been visited by housebreakers. 1980 K. Crossley-Holland Norse Myths p. xxvi. He was.. a bit slow in the uptake, but immensely strong and dependable.

2.

= TAKE-UP sb. 4. 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Eng. 129 The uptake

communicating from each boiler, in the common funnel! 1859 W. Rankine Steam-Engine 451 A chamber called the which the various flues terminate. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 499/1 The uptakes from both ends converge to the funnel base above the centre of the boiler’s length.

3. A ventilating shaft ascends.

by which

foul

air

1889 Welch Tcjcf B/t. ATaua/xii. 132 Advantage is taken of the hollow towing bollards.. to utilise these also as uptakes. 1908 Animal Managem. 248 Permanent air funnels .. should be arranged in pairs... thus furnishing an up-take and down draught (outlet and inlet).

4. An upward draught or current of air. 1887 R. ABERCR9MBY Weather 79 To assume that the ascensional uptake in front of the main body of the shower is as unsteady as the surface-wind. Ibid. 126 Where the uptake is less strong.

5. Absorption or incorporation by a living system. Also transf. 1931 W. O. James Introd. Plant Physiol, vi. 156 (heading) The uptake of water 1956 .Vature 28 Jan. 192/1 The uptake of potassium 10ns by disks of red beet root tissue. 1971

t5. To reprove, rebuke. Obs.-^

16. To receive hospitably. Obs.~'^ ' together type lives while being stoned most of the time! 1974 Laski Night Music 95 It hadn’t made him any looser.. that rigid uptightness was still in him. 1976 New Yorker 8 Mar. 57/3 [The Entertainer^.. Archie contrasted the uptightness of the British who don’t make ‘a fuss’ with a fat black woman he once heard in America who sang ‘her heart out to the whole W'orld’.

up'thrusting, vbl. sb. [up- 7.]

uptilted, pa. pple.

1924 A. Geikie Long Life's Work vii. 229 He was greatly interested in the proofs of the stupendous upthrusting of the strata. 1931 J. S. Huxley What dare I Think? vi. 183 This generation’s multifarious upthrustings of the religious spirit. 1984 W. Garner Rats' Alley xi. 235 Antequera, an upthrusting of castle, belfries and white walls.

1849 H. Miller Footpr. Great, i. 2 Its various deposits.. have been uptilted from the bottom. 1872 W. S. Sy.monds Rec. Rocks ii. 33 Metamorphosed, uptilted, denuded, and formed into a ridge. 1887 Smiles Life & Labour 189 The sharp uptilted nose, which has run through the family.

up'thrusting, ppl. a. [up- 6.] 1951 A. L. Rowse England of Elizabeth 314 Monastic buildings that could be made into comfortable country houses for up-thrusting families. 1958 T. Edwards Worlds Apart X. 205 Upthrusting granite crags polished by sun and Wind.

up-tick. Chiefly U.S. [up- 2.] trend; an increase in rate.

An upward

1970 Time 27 Apr. 84/1 The Government reported upticks in three key indicators. 1975 Newsweek 10 Feb. 30/1 A modest uptick would begin around the end of the year, and., produce real growth of 4.8 per cent. 1977 TimeiSJuly 44/3 Less cheering was an uptick in the unemployment rate. Timer 20 May 17/8 A further up-tick in interest rates offers little encouragement to London’s bulls.

uptie, sb. Naut. Obs. Forms: 3-4 upteye, 4 vpteigh, vpteygh, vptieghe, vptihe, 5 vptie (huptie). [up- 2 + TIE 5^.] = TIE sb. 2, 1295 Acc. Exch. K.R. 5/7 In vj. cables et in uno uptey emptis ix.li.xij.s. Ibid. 5/12 Pro aliis diversis cordis.. que dicuntur listinges upteys et steyes. Ibid. 19/31 m. 4 In xl petris cordis de canabo..pro duobus upteyes inde faciendis. 1359.in Pipe Roll 38 Edw. Ilf m. 47b, iiij. haunsers, .ij. vptieghes, j boterope, j wyndyngrope. ? a 1400 Morte Arth. 3^75 Vptyes [text Vpeynes] eghelynge pay ochene )?are-aftyre; W^ith pe swynge of J>e swerde sweys pe mastys. 1420 in For. Acc. 3 Hen. Vf Hjb, In j. salierd, ij haliers ij. hupties j Cople Berderopes. 1424 Ibid. 59 m. 22 d j haunser pro upteyes.

up'tie, z;. [up-4 + tie zj. ii.] 1. trans. To tie, bind, or fasten up. 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 31 An hatefull Snake, the which his taile vptyes In many folds. Ibid. 11. ii. 15, vi. iv. 24. 1714 [Croxall] Orig. Canto Spenser xx, The Chain, Which did her tender Limbs to th’ Rock upty. fiS- *590 Spenser F.Q. ii. ii. i When Sir Guyon with his faithfull guide Had .. The end of their sad Tragedie vptyde.

12. To enclose or confine. Obs.~'^

3. An outburst or manifestation.

2.

UPTORN

viii, 46 The plane., had struck an upthrust of basalt which jutted from the floor of the wash.

1600 Fairfax Tasso xiv. x, A narrow roome our glorie vaine vp-ties, A little circle doth our pride containe.

So up'tied pa. pple., up'tying pres. pple. ri45o Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 217 My breche be nott 3ett Welle up-teyd, I had such hast to renne away. 1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. x. 131 (Deny’d accesse, and tongues up ty’d) To Paper Stratagems we turn’d. 18x8 Keats Endym. ii. 803 Every eve saw me my hair uptying W’ith fingers cool as aspen leaves.

up'tight, a. colloq. and slang (orig. U.S.). [up3.] 1. a. Of a person: in a state of nervous tension or anxiety; inhibited, worried, ‘on edge’; angry, ‘worked up’ {about something). Quot. 1934 is an isolated early example. 1934 JCain Postman always rings Twice xvi. 190 I’m getting up tight now, and I’ve been thinking about Cora. Do you think she knows I didn’t do it? Sunday Times (Colour Suppl.) 13 Feb. 35/4 Up tight, tense. 1968 Mad Lxxyii. 30 ‘Uptight’ means, like, a bad scene. It’s when you’re hung up, or wigged out, or you can’t make it. We all get ‘uptight’ once in a while. 1969 C. Young Todd Dossier 38 He looked worried. Really worried. As the kids say, he was up-tight. 1973 E. Caldwell Annette (1974) vi. ii. 137 I’d guess you’d gotten so uptight from being denied motherhood that you were ready to leave home. 1975 D. Lodge Changing Places ii. 83 You’re feeling all cold and uptight and wishing you hadn’t come. 1977 M. Edelman Political Lang. v. 90 To the uptight policeman everyone is a otential offender. 1981 p. p. Read Villa Golitsyn 11. iv. 112, was afraid you might be a little uptight about that sort of thing.

b. fig. Characteristically formal in manner or style; correct, strait-laced. 1969 Manch. Guardian Weekly 28 Aug. r8 Who would have thought that an uptight institution like the august Oxford University Press would have done a thing like this? Here is a .. spirited and spiritous piece of autobiography.. served up as a book. 1970 E. M. Brecher Sex Researchers ix. 253 They tended to swing in the same socially corrrect, formal, ’up-tight’ style they followed in their other activities. 1976 Chatelaine (Montreal) Jan. 73/3 In the morning, the apartment looked curiously uptight to Meredith.

2. In approbation: that reaches the desired standard; excellent, fine. 1962 Down Beat Aug. aojajazz Gene Ammons Up Tight! 1966 [see OUT-OF-SIGHT adj. phr. (56.) 2]. 1969 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 31 May 11 /7 Disc jockeys.. talk in a kind of subEnglish., as in ‘All right baby sock-it-to-me it’s allright uptight yeah.’

3. Short or out of money; ‘broke’. 1967 Time 6 Jan. 18/3 'Up tight’ can mean anxious, emotionally involved or broke. ig6a Esguire Apr. 160/3 The expression ‘uptight’, which meant being in financial straits, appeared on the soul scene in the general vicinity of 1953.

Hence up'tightness.

and ppl. a. (up-

5.)

'uptime. Computers, [up adv.^] Time when a computer or similar device is ‘up’ or able to function. Cf. up adv.^ 13 b. Communications Assoc. Commuting Machinery June 23 Uptime is based on productive time vs scheduled time. 1970 IEEE Trans. Reliability XIX. 24/1 Expressions are given in the literature for the availability, mean-timebetween-failures, mean uptime, and mean downtime for systems consisting of a number of identical modules in redundancy. 1982 What's New in Computing Nov. 5/4 The document transport system has been designed for maximum reliability and uptime. Up to date, 'up-to-,date, adv. phr. and a. [up adv.^ 26c(f). See date sb.^ 7.] A. adv. phr. 1. Right up to the present time, or the time of writing. x868 W. M. Baker New Timothy xiii. So of Solomon in reference to Rehoboam, and of every father in reference to his son, up to date. X882 Imperial Diet. s.v. Post v., To make the requisite entries on [a book] up to date. 1899 Plummer Saxon Chronicles II. p. xxvii, But up to 1001 the Winchester monks kept it up to date.

2. In a condition abreast of the times in respect of qualities, style, knowledge, presentation of facts, etc. 1889 Sims & Pettitt {title), Faust L[p to Date. Burlesque Opera. X890- [see date sb.^ 7]. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 293 The improvements for this season render this camera quite ‘up to date’. X892 Bookseller 8/2 The.. information seems .. to be as accurate and as well up to date as ever. 1894 Daily News 9 June 5/2 Why, then, should Lord Salisbury sharpen his faculties and keep them, as the odious modern phrase is, up to date?

B. adj. 1. Extending to the present time; presenting or inclusive of the latest facts, details, etc.; employing or involving the latest methods or devices. x888 Academy 4 Feb. 73/2 In the absence of a good up-todate English work on the islands. 1890 Sat. Rev. 16 Aug. 209/2 A complete and up-to-date summary of Demosthenic scholarship. 1892 Pall Mall G. 8 Feb. 2/1 Providing Malta dockyard with proper and up-to-date salvage and pumping apparatus. 1894 Sala London up to Date 30 Juvenility of appearance and general up-to-date smartness.

2. a. pred. Of persons: Having or employing the latest information, facts, or methods; keeping or being abreast of the times. 1889 W. S. Gilbert Gondoliers i, A Grand Inquisitor is always up to date. 1892 Spectator 5 March 339/1 The young farmer is thoroughly up to date, to use the modern catch¬ word. 2896 Pall Mall Mag. March 397 Jimmy is up to date, and much too clever for me.

b. attrib. Having tastes, style, manners, etc., regarded as prevailing at or characteristic of the present time. X891 Star 16 Dec. 3/4 Up-to-date damsels, and eighteenth century belles. 1897 McCarthy Own Times V. v. 99 The ‘up-to-date’ reader, to use a vile slang phrase of the present day, does not much care about classics.

Hence up-to-'datedness {rare^^)\ upto-'dately adv. (rare '); up-to-'dateness (freq. in recent use); up-to-'datish(ness; upto-'datism. 1891 Bicycling News 21 Feb. 113/2 Their list.. suggests cheapness and up-to-dateness. X893 Educat. Ret . May 423 His up-to-dateness.. in the right view of handling history in class. X893 Pall Mall Mag. I. 75 The terrible w'ellinformedness and alarming up-to-datism. X902 Westm. Gaz. 14 July 2/3 And this, they keep saying, is ‘up-todatishness’. X903 Chr. Endeavour Times 5 Nov., The Academy, under its new editor, is decidedly more upto-datish. X928 Daily Express 23 Mar. 5/4 Furnish and equip her studio charmingly, .and above all up-to-dately. 193X A. Huxley Music at Night iv. 224 The public is taught that up-to-datedness is one of the first duties of man. Up top, adv. phr.

[up adv.^'\

1. Mil. slang, a. Above decks, b. Of an aircraft: in the sky. 19x7 ‘Taffrail’ Off Shore 36 ‘Up top there!’ bellowed James... ‘Help!’ James shouted. 1934 V. M. Yeates Winged Victory i. xix. 154 Then he saw the Fokkers. Where were the people up top? X942 G. Hackforth-Jones One-One-One ix. 88 ‘What’s going on up top?’ he asked after he had received the Commander’s message.

2. fig. In a position of authority or influence. 1967 W’oDEHOUSE Company for Henry iv. 66 It doesn’t do any harm if she lends a hand herself. Can’t leave everything to the men up top. 1979 N.V. Times Mag. 30 Sept. 33/1 Sonny had friends up top in all these places- people he’d take to race-track junkets, or to theater outings.

uptorn,pa. pple. and ppl. a.

(up- 5. Cf. up-tear

V.) .] 1944 [see split-up s.v. split-]. 1958 Spectator 13 June 783/2 There will be no quick upturn in the economy. 1971 Ld. Robbins Against Inflation (1979) x. 51 Certainly I think that the measures which the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Government have taken could produce.. some upturn, provided that confidence is restored. 1981 Daily Tel. 9 July 1/6 It is less sanguine about an imminent upturn in the economy.

4. Linguistics. A rise in pitch. 1964 [see DOWN-TURN, downturn j4.]. 1967 D. Steible Cone. Handbk. Linguistics 132 Upturn, a term designating a rise in pitch, rnost noticeable as the terminal rise on the last syllable of an interrogative construction.

[*775 Ash.] 1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 131 An upturning of the margin. 1855 J. Phillips Man. Geol. 388 The upturning of the strata through an arc of 90*. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 583 There has been much upturning of the soil. 1873 Black Pr. Thule vii, A quick upturning of the face. fig. 1864 Trevelyan Compel. Wallah ix. 309 The general up-turning of society occasioned by the rebellion.

up'turning,/>/)/. a. (up-6 b.) 1762 Falconer Shipwr. 11. 81 Th’upturning points his ponderous bulk sustain.

upupa (u'purps). Now rare exc. as the name of a genus. [L.] = hoopoe. 1601, etc. [see hoop sb.^ i]. 1677 [see hooping ppl. a.*]. 1688 [see hoopoe]. 1922 Joyce Ulysses 407 Agendath is a waste land, a home of screechowls and the sandblind upupa. [*979 P• Matthiessen Snow Leopard i. 53 Then the first ray of sun in days strikes the harlequin feathers of a hoopoe, and I smile. Like many of the foothill birds, Upupa is a bird of Africa, but I saw one much more recently—fast month, in fact—in the mountains of Umbria, in Italy.]

'upvaluation. Econ. [up- 2.] A revaluation upwards, esp. of one currency in relation to others on a common standard. 1953 N.Y. Times 12 Jan. 26/3 Why suppose that the situation would be bettered by a new up-valuation of gold, with its invitation to a new round of inflation? 1958 Spectator 18 July 92/1 The disruptive rumours of an up¬ valuation of the German mark have disappeared. 1962 Punch 28 Mar. 508/1 The upvaluation of the guilder.. must have had some effect. 1976 Economist 10 Apr. 18/1 The French have taken the franc out of the snake, and the weedy reptile that remains may soon be killed by an overdue upvaluation of the German mark.

up'turn, V. [up- 4. Cf. turn v. 8i.] 11. trans. To overthrow, subvert, or cause to

Hence (as a back-formation) 'upvalue v. trans., to raise the value of (a currency, etc.) on a scale.

fall.

1968 Guardian 23 Nov. 8/1 The refusal of the Germans to upvalue their D-mark. 1974 Times 9 Mar, 15/7 Sterling could have been upvalued and inflation reduced.

o 1340 Hampole Psalter cxvii. 13, I am put and vpturnyd [L. eversus sum], pat i had fallyn: and J>e lord resayued me. a 1400 Wyclifhte Bible Titus i. 11 Ther ben manye.. the whiche subuerten [t).r. vpturnen; L. subvertunt] alle housis.

2. To turn, throw, or tear up; to cast or turn over. 1567 Drant Horace, Ep. xiv. Ev, The countrye clownes when they see me vnfitte Vpturning cloddes,.. theill stande, and lawghe at it. 1667 Milton P.L. x. 700 Boreas and Cascias.. rend the Woods and Seas upturn. 1725 Pope Odyss. VIII. 218 Fierce from his arm th’ enormous load he flings;.. Down rushing, it up-turns a hill of ground. 1762 Falconer Shiptvr. ii. 156 Th’ approaching squall.. Upturns the whitening suface of the deep. 1855 Singleton Virgil I. 74 Come then, the soil Of earth.. Let straight upturn stout bullocks. 1881 Form. Rev. Feb. 209 He.. then with a backward heave upturns the whole.

13. To turn upside down. Obs.-' 1610 Holland Camden’s Brit. I. 3 Where Driver, hight Arctophylax, doth his drie waine up-turn [L. resupinat].

4. To direct or cast (the eye, upwards.

face,

etc.)

1667 Milton P.L. x. 279 The grim Feature.. upturn’d His Nostril wide into the murkie Air. 1744 Thomson Winter 131 With broaden’d Nostrils to the Sky upturn’d. The conscious Heifer snuffs the stormy Gale. 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. (1791) II. 33 Vallisner sits, up-turns her tearful eyes. 1828 Atherstone Fall of Nineveh I. 32 With brazen throats upturned,.. ten thousand [trumpets] spake again. 1838 Mrs. Browning To Bettine i. Upturning worship and delight With such a loving duty To his grand face, as women will,

5. intr. To turn or move up or upwards. 1805 WoRDSW. Prelude IV. 448 Up-turning, then, along an open field. We reached a cottage. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. li. Laid on thy lap, his eyes to thee upturn.

'upturned, ppl. a. [up- 5. Cf. prec.] 1. Turned or directed upwards: a. Of the eye, face, etc.

up'trained, pa. pple. (up- 5.)

demand

UPWARD

influenced a temporary up-trend. 1934 Sun (Baltimore) i Dec. 17/1 The mercantile agency finds the irregular increases in factory operations .. have been 'transferred into a steady uptrend’. 1961 Times 29 Nov. 11/5 The uptrend is of less significance. 1979 Arizona Daily Star 5 Aug. D 1/2 Schrikker’s charts show both the U.S. dollar and the pound sterling in important uptrends. 1984 Times 23 Nov. 19/5 AGB Research went back on an uptrend as market men heard whispers of good news from America.

1592 Shaks. Rom. & Jul. 11. ii. 29 The white vpturned wondring eyes. Of mortalls that fall backe to gaze on him. 1797 Mrs, Radcliffe Italian i. The thousand upturned foces of the gazing crowd. 1835 Loncf, inLi/efiSgi) I. 213 How strange looked the upturned faces.. in that glare! 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. 1. i. ii, With upturned awestruck eye. 1863 Geo. Eliot Romola Proem ad. fin., Upturned living faces and lips moving to the old prayers for help.

b. In general use. 1839 De la Beche Rep. Geol. Corntoall, etc. v. 140 It may even rest upon the edges of upturned strata. 1865 Tylor

Early Hist. Man. 48 The upturned hands seem to expect some desired object to be thrown down.

up'waft, V. poet. rare, (up- 4.) trans. *757 Dyer Fleece iii, 309 Chimney-tops.. up-wafting to the clouds The incense of thanksgiving. 1944 Blunden Shells by Stream 20 The winds up-waft The smoke of an enchanter’s fire.

up'wafted, pa. pple. (up- 5.) 1791 Cowper Iliad viii. 635 From the plain, Upwafted by the winds the smoke aspired. 1817 Moore Lalla R., Par. & Peri 85 Ev’ry breath Upwafted from the innocent flow’rs. 1874 R. Buchanan Poet. Wks. 1. 242 Unto your dim distance My soul upwafted is on wings.

upwafting: see up- 6. up'wake, v. rare, [up- 4. Cf. MDu. opwaken, (M)LG. upwaken. Da. opvaage, G. aufwachen.] intr. and trans. To wake up. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 3466 Slep fior non 6e 6a ne up-wake6. •535 Goodly Primer, Evensong Ps. iii, I myself shall up-wake me. 1842 Mangan Poems (1859) 121 Mine inner sense upwakes to see The Ghostworld’s.. wondrous Deep. 1845 -German Anthology I. 105 An earthquake shout upwakes the North: Forward!

upwall: see up- 4. upward ('Apwad), adv., prep., a., and sb. Forms: a. 1 upweard (2 uppweard), 2- upward (3 Orm. uppwarrd), 3-7 vpward (4-5 opward), 4-6 vp-, 6 vpp(e)warde; 3 (9 Sc.) upwart, 5, Sc. 6 vpwart (5 Sc. wp-). ]3. 3-4, dial. 9 uppard, 4 vppard, 3-4 vpard, 4 opard; 3 uppart, 5 Sc. vpart. [OE. upweard, f. up up adv.^ -F weard -ward. Cf. MLG. upwart, -wort, MDu. opwaert, -wert, -werd, etc. (Du. opwaart), MHG. ufwart, -wert. See also upwards.] A. adv. I. 1. To or towards a higher position or plane; from a lower to a loftier level or object; in an ascending course or direction: a. In reference to movement or extension through space. Occas. upward and dawrrward, = up and down adv. i. a. 0900 Cynewulf Elene 805 (Gr.), He mid biem handum ..upweard plesade. c 1000 AIlfric Horn. II. 548 Da jewende eal se sang upweard to heofenum. c 1200 Ormin 12826 3e shulenn sen.. Godess enngless Uppwarrd & dunnwarrd bape upponn he manness Sune stiyhenn. a 1225 Ancr. R. 72 Ase je muwen iseon pe water, hwon me punt hit, .. peonne is hit ined a3ein uor to climben upward. 1297 R.

UPWARD Gloi'C, (Rolls) 6564 water uastc wax vpward hci & wide. 1303 R. Brl'Nne llandl. Synne 5272 )?e fendys t>at were yn t>e pytte Smote vpwardc. f 1374 ChaL'CKR H. Fame 11. 236 F ire or sovne Or smoke .. Alwey .. seke vpwarde on hight. fi400 Pilgr. Souile (Caxton, 1483) v, i. 69 Now.. He we vpward, as fast as we may! 1481 Caxton Reynard(Arb.) 33, I will helpe that the ladder be sette vp, that he may goo vpwart thcron, 1500-20 Dunbar Poems x. 42 Now spring vp flouris fra the rute. Reuert jow vpward naturaly. 1598 B. JONSON At'. Man tn Hum. ill. v, He voided a bushell of soot yesterday, upward and downeward. 1620 Venner Via Recta i, 21 Because it fumeth vpward, it causeth drowsinesse. 1697 Dryden Virg. Georg, i. 499 Watchful Herons,. . mounting upward with erected Flight,.. soar above the Sight. 1706 Prior Ode to Queen v, Lpward the Noble Bird directs his Wing. 1771 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (ed. 4) 172 Mr. •Morand . . dilated the Part upward and downward. 1823 Byron Island ill. i. Sulphury vapours upward driven Had left the earth. 1876 Tennyson Harold i. i. Like a spirit in Hell who.. cannot scape the flame .. Steam’d upward from the undescendible Abysm. fig. and transf. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2957 As sone as eldol him ysey is herte vpward drou. 1766 Goldsm. Vicar xxviii. Thus to.. fling those curses upward that must soon descend to crush thy own grey head..! 1850-1 Longf. Golden Leg iv. Cloisters 15 Upward steals the life of man. As the sunshine from the wall. ri20o Trin. Coll. Horn. 105 Ech god 3iue..cume6 of heuene dunward, and ech idel, and unnit and iuel, neSen uppard. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 1964 (Bodl. MS. 17), Hwenne pe twa walden keasten uppart ping pet ha chahten. 13.. R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 321 So pat pe water vaste waxe tppard hey & wyde. ’13,. Geburt Jesu 181 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1875) 75 Heo ne bi heold after fader ne moder, po heo vppard stei3.

b. In reference to aspect, attitude, or direction, a 1000 Boeth. Metr. xxxi. 23 Nis ptet jedafenlic p*t se modsefa monna senijes niSerheald wese, & p*t neb upweard. cl 175 Lamb. Horn. 59 )jene Mon he lufede and welbipohte, and for-pi his neb upward he wrohte. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2372 Heo biheold upward, wi6 upaheuen heorte. 1303 Brunne Handl. Synne 6664 He loked vpwarde with hys yne. 1362 Langl. Piers PI. A. v. 262 A pousent of Men ..Crijinge vpward to Crist.. To haue grace [etc.]. 1390 Gower Conf. I. 64 Upon his brest.. he leith His hond, and cast upward his yhe. 1484 Caxton Fables of JEsop v. x, lie loked and byheld vpward to the heuen. 1565 Cooper s.v. Resupinus, He standeth vpright with his clawes or nayles vpwarde to heauen. a 1586 Sidney tr. De Mornay i. If yee looke upward, yee see there infinite bodies, 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. i. 181 To gape or looke upward with the eye. 1697 Dryden JEneis v. 687 .Acestes,.. shooting upward, sends his shaft. 1703 Pope Thebais 644 His sad companions upward gaze. 1789 Wordsw. Evening Walk 25 Impatience, pointing upward, showed. Through passes yet unreached, a brighter road. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 79 Upward when he turns his sight. 1818 Shelley Rosal. & Helen 1155 His countenance Raised upward, burned with radiance. 1850 Household Words I. 229/1, I saw him looking upward. fig. 01670 Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1693) 194. They., look’t downward upon those dishonourable Actions, not upward upon his Vertues, 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 29 To these were added an aspiring spirit that always looked upward; a genius [etc.].

c. fig. To or towards a loftier stage, level, or standard, in respect of thought, feeling, life, distinction, excellence, etc. c 1200 Ormin 6014 God mann 333 uppwarrd In alle gode dedess. 01225 Ancr. R. 132 [They] pencheC uppard, of t>e blisse of heouene. ’ rat may be rewarded by food, an upward-mobile person by a symbol of prestige. 1969 J. & S. Baratz in T. Kochman Rappin df Stylin' Out (1973) 14 The price of integration for the upward-mobile black man has been continuous tension and anxiety. 1978 J. Updike Coup (1979) vii. 259 Her hard-packed determination to achieve, with her husband Bud, upward mobility. 2. a. Up along the course of a stream, etc.;

further into the interior of a country; to or towards a centre, metropolis, source, etc. Also in fig. context. aiX22 O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1013, Swejen cyning mid his flotan .. wende.. to Humbran muOan, 8c swa upp weard andlang IVentan. rx205 Lay. 9298 Hamun amde upward & ofter while adunward. X387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 73 h^nne vpward aboue I»at is pe ilond Fame. c X4^o Capgrave Life St. Aug. 3 In his same Numedie stant Tagatenses.. sumwhat upward mor on-to Cartage. X505 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) 223 Eucry Trow or Cobull passing vpward vndre the scidc Brugge. X568

325 Grafton Chron. II. 765 The yong kyng.. he conueyed ^wardc towardc the Citic of London. X697 Dryden Ki>^. Georg. IV. ao8 An ancient Legend I prepare to sing, And upward follow Fame’s immortal Spring. X709 Pope Ess. Crit. 127 Be Homer’s works your study,.. And trace the Muses upward to their spring.

b. Towards the body or head. (Cf. 3 b, 5.) 1^ Shaks. Hen. V, 11. iii. i9(Q. i), 1 felt to them [sr. his feet],.. And to his knees,.. and so vpward, and vpward 1647 N Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xlvii. 123 The vast body of the Roman Empire like a body wasting with age, died Upward. 3. a. In, occupying, or so as to occupy a higher or the highest position or place. 01300 Cursor M. 23316 pat sal be sett in pair prison, Vpward pair fete, pair hefdes dun. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints i. (Peter) 688 It is myn will one pe croice to be festnyt swa, myn fet vp-wart. r 1440 Pallad. on Husb. ill. 787 Vpwarde The bottom, do this vessel closid so. c 1450 Two Cookerybks. loi Ley the pike in a charger, the wombe side vpward. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. § 16 The plough .. tourneth the roote vpwarde, that it maye not growe. a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 40 They make of hym an Image paynted reuersed with his heles vpwarde. 1601 Shaks. Jul. C. v. iii. 93 Messa[la]. Titinius face is vpward. Cato. He is slaine. 1613 1641 [see INVERT f. i]. 1667 Milton P.L. vi. 649 Coming towards them.. they saw The bottom of the Mountains upward turn’d. 1755 Johnson, Supination, the act of lying with the face upward. 1809 in Naval Chron. XXL 369 Puncheons.. were placed end-upward. 1849 Ainsworth Lane. Witches ii. iii, [He has nailed] a horse-shoe.. to t’threshold .., heel uppard. b. In respect of the upper part or parts, esp. of the body. c X400 Maundev. (1919) XXX. 178 Sum men seyn pat pei [sc. griffins] ban the body vpward as an Egle, and benethe as a Lyoun. X426 Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 1704 Tak exaumple off thy staff Wych Grace Dieu vn-to the gaff: Thogh the poynt be sharp & kene, Yl ys vpward pleyn, smothe & dene. X575 Laneham Let. (1907) 54 Fyrst, oour too feet, too legs, too kneez, so vpward: and abooue, too shoolderz [etc.]. X607 Puritan i. iv. 75 Hee lookes like a Monkey vpward, and a Crane downe-ward. X667 Milton P.L. i. 463 Dagon his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man And downward Fish.

t4. Upright; erectly, Obs. rare. c X290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 82/11 A wei per was of scharpe stones: and opward stoden echon. X297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7186 He sat him vpward vp is bed. 5. With (vertical) extension from a point or part (esp. of the body) to another expressed or implied. X387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 209 A child.. pat hadde tweie bodyes from pe navel upward. CX400 Maundev. (Roxb.) ii. 5 \>a\ made pat peece pat went fra [ed. 1839 from] pe erthe vpward .. of cypresse. Ibid. vii. 24 It had .. fra I?eine vpward pe schappe of a gayte. c X440 Wycliffite Bible i Sam. ix. 2 (MS. Bodl. 277), Fro pe schuldre and upward he appecride ouer pe peple. CX450 Mirk's Festial i. 97 Fendes token vp pe body, and beten hyt wyth brennyng scorgys from pe nauell vpward. CX5XI ist Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) p. xxxiii/2 The whyche ben fro the myddel vpward lyke men. *539 Bible Ezek. i. 27 As it had bene all of fyre within from hys loynes vpward. X592 Soliman & Pers. iv. ii. 41 His skin is but pistol profe from the girdle vpward. x6oo Shaks. Much Ado in. ii. 36 (Q. i), A Spaniard from the hip vpward. X642 Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 57 It is well known the Habassines are Jacobites and Christians from the girdle upward. 6. Comb.y as (sense i) upward^climbing^ -curving, -gazing, -rushing, -shooting, -stirring, -striving-, upwards parted, pointed-, (sense 2) upward^bound. X710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4681/3 The ‘upward-bound Ships for the Eastward. x8oo Hull Advertiser 18 Oct. 3/2 The upward-bound .. are at anchor. X920 Kipling in Kipling & Graves tr. Horace's Odes v. 17 For fierce she-Britons, ^t to smite Their ‘upward-climbing sisters down. 1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Mar. 168/3 Upward-climbing iambics. X922 Joyce Ulysses 24 He walked along the ‘upwardcurving path. 187X Palgrave Lyr. Poems 64 As some still ‘upward-gazing lake. X865 G. M. Hopkins (1967) 151 A brush of trees Rounded it, thinning skywards by degrees, With parallel shafts, —as ‘upward-parted ashes. x82X Atherstone Poems 6 With ‘upward pointed hands, these pray’d aloud. 187X Tennyson Last Tournament 440 An ever ‘upward-rushing storm and cloud Of shriek and plume. x8s7 Dufferin Lett. High Lat. (ed. 3) 328 The ‘upward shooting fluff of seas. X844 Emerson Ess. ii. viii, In countless ‘upward-striving waves The moon-drawn tide-wave strives. II. 7. Backward in order of time; continuously into the past. C1055 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia VIII. 327 Swa fela daga tell J?u fram martius mon6es ende upweard. CIX75 Twelfth Cent. Horn. 34 Lucas tealde panon.. upweard to Adame seofen & hund-seofenti3 m«38a. c X200 Ormin 2056 Cristess kinn Onn eorI>e, o moderr hallfe, Bi weppmann shoilde reccnedd ben Uppwarrd & dunnwarrd ba^e. x6ii Bible Haggai ii. 18 Consider now from this day, and vpward,.. euen from the day that the foundation of the Lords Temple was laid, consider it. Ibid. 15. 8. a. To or into later life. Cf. up adv.' 22 c. C1530 Tindale Num. viii. 24 From .xxv. yere vppwarde they shall goo in to wayte [etc.]. 153X Elyot Gov. l. xvi, Children .. from the age of xiiii. yeres upwarde. 17XX Steele Spect. No. 136 IP2, I am, and ever have been from my Youth upward, one of the greatest Liars. X875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 54 He was a soldier from his youth upward. X890 J. PuLSFORD Loyalty to Christ I. 123 From childhood and upward, our ears have been .. thronged with the jargon of idolaters. b. and (also or) upward = upwards adv. 6 b. (o) *555 Eden Decades (Arb.) 369 Children of th[e] age of .xii. or .xiii. yeares or vppewarde. *595 Platt Discov. Eng. Wants A3, Seacoa!e..at the rate of 8s the chawdren or vpwarde. X596 Harington Anat. Metam. Ajax Liijb, A Cesterne containing a barrell [of water] or vpward. X708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4479/8 A black Cart Gelding, about 15 hands high, or upward.

UPWARD (ft) 1560 Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 422 He w-as xxxii. yeares olde and vpwarde. x6o8 Relat. Trav. W. Bush Ejb, To the number of two thousand people and vp-ward. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 162 A series of a hundred and fifty leagues in length, and upw ard.

c. To a higher number or amount, rare-'. *575 Laneham Let. (1907) 54 So az all.. numbrings from too vntoo three, and so vpward, may well be counted numberz.

9. Upward of = upwards adv. 8. 1613 Shaks. Hen. VIII, ii. iv. 36, I haue beene your W’ife, in this Obedience, V’pward of twenty yeares. a 1628 F. Grevil Sidney (1652) 199 The builders of any ships upward of so many hundred Tuns. 1864 Intellectual Observer VI. 282 A good swarm.. containing at the lowest estimate upward of 40,000.

10. upward compatibility, the property of computer software and hardware by virtue of which software written for a less capable machine can be used on a more capable one; so upwarcPcompatible adj. phr., exhibiting upward compatibility. 1964 Computer Bull. June 44-/2 The IBM SYSTEM/360 is available in six models... IBM is developing an additional, very high performance system to be upward-compatible with these models. 1965 Ibid. June 20/1 In addition to upward compatibility the Compatibles/100 offer users the protection of a more complete range of software. 1976 Aviation Week 6 Sept. 155/1 All software in the series is upward-compatible. 1979 Bustness Week (Industr. Ed.) 27 Aug. 83 The new system is aimed at providing the current users of GSD’s systems with a more powerful, upwardcompatible system. 1982 Computerworld 15 Mar. 4/1 The system is upward-compatible with both the Harris 1600 and Harris 9200 series processors. 1983 Australian Personal Computer Oct. 49/2 -There are .. rumours that IBM will soon release an in-house developed DOS .. which will be more upward compatible to IBM disk operating systems. 1983 Pop. Computing Nov. 15 Instruction sets for the micro¬ processors are ‘upward compatible’, that is, a program written for the original Z80 will also work on the faster Z80A, Z80B, or Z80H, but the reverse is not necessarily true. 1984 Computerworld 16 Apr. 47 Version 4.0 provides full upward compatibility for -Template Version 3.0 applications programs.

t B. prep. Up; along the line of ascent of. rare. c X485 Digby My St. (1882) v. 388, I se hym now com vpward the hill. x8x8 Keats Endym. 1. 266 Whether to surmise The squatted hare..; Or upward ragged precipices flit To save poor lambkins.

C. ad). (Cf. OE. upweard adj.) 11. Facing upwards; lying on the back; supine; = UPRIGHT a. 2. Obs. A few examples occur in OE. x6o7 Topsell Four-f. Beasts 465 A certaine herbe.. which.. maketh him to fall presently vpon his backe 8c lye ^ward without stirring. 16x5 Crooke Body of Man 268 The position or manner of lying of the sickeman, e>Ther ^one that is downeward, or supine that is vpward. X646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 194 Women drowned float prone,.. but men supine or upward, is an assertion w-herein the., point it selfe is dubious.

2. a. Directed towards a higher or loftier point, place, or plane; having a vertical or ascensional course or direction; taking place or inclined upwards; ascending. x6o7 Shaks. Timon iv. iii. 190 Common Mother [= the earth],.. Teeme with new Monsters, whom thy vpward face Hath to the Marbled Mansion all aboue Neuer presented. X634 Milton Comus 98 The slope Sun his upward beam Shoots against the dusky Pole. X700 Dryden Theodore & Hon. 315 So spread upon a Lake, with upward Eye, A plump of Fowl behold their Foe on high. 1704 Prior Let. to Boileau 17A The Eagle.. directs her upward Flight. X718 Solomon III. 875 The Angel said; With upward Speed His agile Wings He spread. X784 Cowper Tiroc. 383 The exalted prize demands an upward look. X839 Bailey Festus 334 The last high upward slant of sun on the trees. ax842 Wordsw. Misc. Sonn. 111. xxxi, She stands... One upward hand. lying softly on her breast. X890 J. Pulsford Loyalty to Christ I. 104 The upward slopes of the new life are delightful, and the prospects enrapturing. X899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 81 The movement and discomfort in the hands may be relieved..by very gentle inward rubbing. transf. X843 Penny Cycl. XXVi. 419/1 The speech-note on the word ‘pale’ will consist of an upward movement of the voice. spec. X875 Knight Diet. Mech. 2684/1 Upward filter, a filter in which the flow of the liquid is upward.

b. Having a trend, course, drift, etc., which indicates advance, progress, or increase. X596 Shaks. j Hen. VI, v. iii. i Thus farre our fortune keepes an vpward course. X852 Lawson's Merchant's Mag. July 236 A change.. in the weather., has checked the upward tendency in quotations [of grain]. X870 Pall Mall G. 23 Sept. 9/2 Where there is any change fin the Stock Markets] it is in the upward direction. X9X4 Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 135 The upward movement which raised the lower labouring classes.

c. Having lofty aims or purpose. X850 Tennyson In Mem. xli. vi, Tho’ following with an upward mind The wonders that have come to thee.

3. Situated or lying aloft or above; higher in place or position; lofty. x622 Boys Wks. 957 Troubles in this world (quoth Austin) are an vpward hell. x8x5 Shelley Alastor 278 A swan .. with strong wings Scaling the imward sky. x8x9 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 79 Barns spy’d, frae his upwart place,.. George’s face.

4. fa. (See quot.) Obs. 1729 Boyer Diet. Royal ii. s.v.. Upward Goods, or Merchandize, (so inland Traders call Goods designed for London).

b. Directed, moving, etc., up along a stream or river; taking place up-stream.

UPWARDLY 1731 in Exit. Navig. Rolls Thames (1772) 22 The Master or chief Boatman of any upward Boat or Barge. i8i6 Tuckey Narr. Exped. R. Zaire iv. (1818) 134 Running directly on the rocks, and forming a strong upward eddy on its west side. Ibid. 144 Our upward view of the river. 1818 M. Birkbeck Notes Journ. Amer. (ed. 4) 80 I’he upward navigation of these streams. 1887 Field 31 Dec. 985/3 In r^ard to other migrato^ fish.. the same weirs have the efliect.. of.. arresting their upward migration.

fS. Going bacKward in time. Obs.~^ 1603 B. JoNSON Panegyre 90 She then remembred to his thought.. the vpward race Of kings, preceding him in that high court.

D. sb. 11. The top part; the crown or summit. 1605 Shaks. Leary, iii. 136 From th’ extremest vpward of thy head, To the discent and dust below thy foote.

2. Upward movement. Also fig. 1898 Meredith Odes Fr. Hist. 30 Not singing the spirally upward of rapture, the downward of pain Rather, the drop sheer downward from pressure of merciless weight.

'upwardly, adv. [f. prec. + -ly^.] 1. In an upward direction; upwards. 1816 L. Hunt Rimini iv. 387 There lay she praying, upwardly intent. 1835 Browning Paracelsus v. 883 All tend upwardly though weak, Like plants in mines which never saw the sun. 1844 Mrs. Browning Brown Rosary in. xxii. She glanced upwardly mute. 1875 Knight Diet. Mech. 2706/1 The pistons.. were fitted with upwardly opening valves.

2. Special collocations: upwardly compatible adj. phr. = upward-compatible adj. phr. s.v. UPWARD adv. 10; upwardly mobile adj. phr. = upward-mobile adj. phr. s.v. upward adv. i e. 1981 Electronics 24 Mar. 8 In 1976 J. L. Wagener suggested ‘structured Fortran—an evolution of standard Fortran’ as an extended upwardly compatible compiler. 1984 Austral. Micro Computerworld Feb. 28/1 Macintosh is the bottom-end system of the Apple 32 Supermicro family comprising Macintosh, a bridge product, Lisa II, Lisa II/s and Lisa II/io. These machines are upwardly compatible. 1964 Sunday Times 23 Aug. 10/2 The barriers within that structure.. can be crossed by upwardly-mobile Jews. 1967 A. Lurie Imaginary Friends vi. 68 Suppose she were to.. marry some upwardly mobile local boy. 1973 Publishers Weekly 3 Sept. 50/2 Son of upwardly mobile parents, his youth has been a series of movings—from apartment to ever better apartment. 1981 Times 22 May 14/2 The Liberal voter.., the upwardly mobile, ex-working-class malcontent. 1984 New Yorker 13 Feb. 39/1 A purely personal prejudice, this, and not to be taken seriously by upwardly mobile executives.

'upwardness. [f. upward a. + -ness.] 1. Tendency or proclivity to rise or mount upwards; the quality of suggesting upward movement. 1614 Latham Falconry 21, I haue reclaimed an outragious, vnstaied hawke;..shee hath falne cleane from her vpwardnesse and high flying. i6i8 Ibid. ii. 117 If by nature there were euer any vpwardnesse or high flying in her. i860 W. J. C. Muir Pagan or Christian 62 The lancet¬ headed windows, arches, niches, all are in harmony of upwardness. Ibid. 88 This entire upwardness of composition [in Gothic architecture]. 1877 Blackie Wise Men 305 They by natural upwardness Remount to earth.

2. The quality of being upward; altitude.

UPWELLED

326

relative

1896 Dk. Argyll Philos. Belief 122 We cannot shake ofiF the conception of high and low, of upwardness and downwardness.

upwards ('Apwadz), adv. and prep. Forms: i up-, uppweardes, 2, 5-6 upwardes (6 upp-), 5, t vpwardes, 6-7 vp-, 7- upwards (7 upp-); 6 Sc. vpwartis, 9 dial, up-, uppards, etc. [OE. up-, uppweardes, f. upweard upward adv. + -es oi adv. genitive: see -wards. Cf. OS. upwardas, MLG. upwordes, MDu. op-, upwaerts, -werdes, etc. (Du. opwaarts), MHG. ufwertes (G. aufwarts).] A. adv. I. 1. a. = upward adv. i a. tstoode and bihelde hym vpwardes. 1648 Hexham ii, Opwaerts sien, to See upwards, or to Looke on high. 1709 T. Robinson Vind. Mosaick Syst. 112 Man .. hath his Head upwards towards Heaven. 1795-6 WoRDSW. Borderers ii. 988 Upwards I cast my eyes. 1805 -Prelude vii. 200 Behold, turned upwards, a face hard and strong In lineaments. 1817 Shelley Rev. Islam v. xlix, She paused, and pointed upwards, i860 Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 21 Looking upwards we saw,a series of coloured rings.

^•fiS- = UPWARD

I c.

1557 in Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 274 Prisoners.. of the degree of a Baron, or uppwardes. 1605 in Archaeologia (1800) XIII. 321 The lorde who beeinge an earle or upwardes,.. is to have.. a cloathe of estate. 1732 Berkeley Alciphr. V. §33 The army; wherein the tendency is always upwards from lower posts to higher. 1855 Poultry Chron. II. 423 The character of the .. fowls proves that their progress is upwards in quality. attrib. 1849 Robertson Serm. (1863) 160 Not mere change, but true, ever upwards progress,

d. = UPWARD adv. I d. 1874 Times i Jan. 7/6 Coffee.—A strong demand prevails, with few sellers, and the market still tends upwards. 1875 Economist 2 Jan. 5/2 Straits tin.. after a moderate reaction upwards fell to 92/ 5^ in August.

2. = UPWARD adv. 2. 15*3 Douglas JEneid viii. ii. 65 Bayth nycht and day ilk man .. Can spend in routh .. Our slidand fast vpwartis the river. 153S in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden) 245, I am cumyng upwardes [= to London] as fast as my sekenes will sufifre me. 1598 W. Phillip tr. Linschoten i. x. 19 First Daman, from thence fifteene miles ^wardes .. the towne of Basaiin. 1601 Hakluyt Galvano 90 From thence vpwards.. he went along the coast of the Abassins. 1662 R. Venables Exper. Angler x. 99 In small Brooks you may angle upwards. 1801 Rusher's Reading Guide 7 The Mail Coaches to and from Bath, Bristol, &c. pass upwards and downwards every night. 1869 Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 184 We followed this stream upwards. 1893 Field 17 June 904/3 For years the labourers have been in the habit of going ‘upwards’—that is, up round London—for mowing and haymaking. fig. 1805 WoRDSW. Prelude xi. 177 This.. Soured and corrupted, upwards to the source, My sentiments.

3. = UPWARD adv. 3. 1548 ViCARY Anat. vii. (1577) I i. The brode end.. [of the heart] is vpwardes, and the sharpe ende is downewardes. 1599 Shaks. Much Ado iii. ii. 71 Shee shall be buried with her face vpwards. 1658 Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 928 The mouthes or passages of their cells are.. altogether downward; and they very providently place the bottom of their cels upwards, that [etc.]. 1668 Moxon Mech. Dyalling 18 Holding the Center A upwards, so as the Plumb-line play free in the Grove. Ibid. 31 If this Dyal were turned with its Center upwards. 1733 Tull Horse-Hoeing Husb. 304 The Share, turn’d Bottom upwards. 1839 Timperley Diet. Printers 104 He..then puts a quantity of the worked off sheets on it, taking care to have the printed side upwards. 1848 Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 228 For the Infinite is upwards, and above The highest thing created—upwards aye. 1875 Sir T. Seaton Fret-Cutting 91 Take a set of gouges, stand the largest of the set edge upwards,

b. = UPWARD adv. 3 b. rare~^. C1400 Maundev. (1919) xix. no J>erfore make f^ei the halfondel of ydole of a man vpwardes. Sc the toJ?er half of an ox dounwardes.

4. = UPWARD adv. 5. 1599 Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 224 These men goe naked from the girdle vpwardes. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 187 They .. goe naked from the waste vpwards. 1855 Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 106 One genus {Belemnites)^ very common., among all the secondary rocks, from the lias upwards.

5. upwards of, at or to a higher level than; above. 1853 G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 140 Upwards of this, the hill is well-covered with .. turf and heather.

II. 6. a. To a higher aggregate, figure, or the like. 1523 ID Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. 1. 221 The goods to paye j* of the li. from xx'' upwards. 1617 Eastland Co. (Camden) 21 Deales from Eighteene foote longe uppwards. Ibid., Create masts from fifteene hand upwards the peece. 1910 Stage Year Bk. 47 First-class hotel accommodation .. for two and a half or three guineas a week, upwards.

b. Usu. and upwards, or upwards. Freq. = somewhat more or rather above a specified age, number, value, size, etc. = upward adv. 8 b. (a) 1570 Foxe a. & M. (ed. 2) 2268/2 Hussy. How old art Eliz. Forty and vpwardes. 1612 Sir D. Carleton in loth Rep. Hist. MSS, Comm. App. 1. 572 Diverse thou?

companies to the number of 700 men and upwards. 1693 R. Lyde Acc. Retaking of The Friend's Adventure Title-p., Their Majesties Customs of the said ship amounted to i.oool. and upwards. 1717 in Nairne Peerage Evidence (1874) 31 Robert Robertson .. aged ffifty years and upwards. 1729 T. Innes Crit. Essay (1879) 315 Within these last hundred years and upwards. 1818 [S. Weston] La Scava 25 Eighty whetstones and upwards.. have been found. 1839 Timperley Diet. Printers 105 All above 52 Pica ems, upon Small Pica and upwards. Daily Chron. 17 Jan. (Encycl. Diet.), Some of them worth as much as £-^0 and upwards. (^) 1593 Tell-Troth's N.Y. Gift A3, loyning.. their daughters of twentye yeares olde or vnder, to rich cormorants of threescore or vpwards. 1687 Miege Gt. Fr. Diet. ii. s.v.. It amounts to ten Pounds, or upwards. 1709 o 45021/2 A Ship of 70 Guns, or upwards. 1857 Miller Elem. Chem., Org. 74 A solution of soda., which contains two per cent, or upwards of alkali. 1861 Brit. Postal Guide i Jan. 28 Messengers, whose weekly wages are .. 8s. or upwards.

c. To later life; - upward adv. 8 a. 1805 WoRDSW. Prelude vni. 348 Even then, And upwards through late youth, until not less Than two-and-twenty summers had been told. 1851 Dixon W. Penn 252 The great idea which he had nursed from his youth upwards. 1874 Farrar Christ xv. 166 Might they not have understood that, from childhood upwards, He had not lived by bread alone?

7. Backwards in time; into the past. 01654 Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 69 Some of them are asham’d upwards, because their Ancestors were too great. 1729 T. Innes Crit. Essay (1879) 142 [He] pronounced this genealogy.. from Fergus, son of Erch, to Fergus, son of Ferchar, and upwards. 1887 Skeat Princ. Eng. Etym. 1. 52 English should be traced downwards as well as upwards. 1890 Grindlestone Foundations of Bible 19 History of the art of writing, from the days of Nehemiah upwards [to the time of Moses].

8. upwards of, (rather) more than; = upward adv. 9. In frequent use from c 1760. 1721 Perry Daggenh. Breach 17 A large Chest or Machine, upwards of eighty Foot long. 1753-4 Richardson Grandison HI. xvi. 227 He., kept his word till he was upwards of seventy. 1841 Borrow Zincali II. xi. ill. 109 Considerably upwards of a century. 1885 Law Rep. 29 Chanc. Div. 538 The estate., was found liable for upwards of £5.ooo- 1893 ]■ PuLSFORD Loyalty to Christ II. 321 Upwards of three thousand years ago.

b. Used erron. for; Somewhat less than (a specified amount); nearly, not quite. Chiefly dial. 1902 Yorks. Post 28 Feb., Thus ‘upwards of a hundred’ would mean nearly, or well on to a hundred. 1902- in colloquial use, Line, to Devon {Eng. Dial. Diet.).

t B. prep. Up along the course of; = up prep.‘ 2. Obs. 1601 Hakluyt Galvano 72 He went into Arabia, Persia, and vpwards the riuer Euphrates.

t'upwark. Sc. Obs. [up adv.^ 12 a + work work r(>.] Cessation of work. 15.. Aberdeen Reg. XXL (Jam.), Upwark, quhen the fysching wes done. 1570 Rec. Inverness (New Spalding Club) I. 197 [He] alse protestis for ane sufficient oxe of sex yeiris auld at vpwark.

'upwarp. Geol. [up- 2.] A gentle, extensive elevation of part of the earth’s surface. Hence up'warping vbl. sb., the raising of part of the earth’s surface to form an upwarp. 1917 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Survey No. 93. 109/1 Synclines and anticlines, both broad and narrow, sharply delineated monoclines, and domical upwarps follow one another in succession. 1952 Geol. Mag. LXXXIX. 130 Three domal upwarps superimposed on the simple anticlinal structure. 1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. ix. 223 Intermittent upwarping took place, but there were periods of relative stillstand which are marked by erosional surfaces and terraces. 1974 Nature 23 Aug. 684/1 Owing to large scale Plio-Pleistocene up-warpings of the South African coastal margins, many rivers show substantially steeper gradients along their lower courses than in higher reaches. 1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 78/2 An important feature of rift valleys is that they follow the crests of long, low upwarps of the Earth’s crust.

'upwash. [up- 2.] beach, rare-’.

1. A wash of a wave up a

1923 D. H. Lawrence Nangaroo v. 93 Then suddenly he saw Jack running across the sand in a bathing suit, and entering the shallow rim of a long, swift upwash.

2. Aeronaut. The upward deflection of an airstream by an aerofoil. Cf. downwash. 1936 Aircraft Engin. VIII. 251/3 With highly tapered W'ings there is an upwash at the wing tip. 1974 Sci. Amer. Mar. 79/2 The flow field in the vortex wake can be viewed as an induced upwash at the outer edge. 1979 Nature 20/27 Dec. 778/2 Beyond the wing there is an upwash, which is very intense near the wingtip.

upwax: see up- 4. 'upway. rare-’, [up- 2b. Cf. OE. upweg, WFris. opwei, Du. opweg, LG. upweg.l Ascent. 1616 Chapman tr. Musaeus D8b, Hopelesse, dangerous The bar’d vp-way is to a Virgins bed.

upways, adv.

rare-^. [f. up prep.'^] upward direction; upwards {from).

In an

1890 Telegr. Jrnl. 28 Nov. 653/1 Distance measured upways from OA indicates roughly the degree of hardness.

upweeningy -weigh: see up- 4, 7. up'well,

V. [up- 4.] intr. To well up; spec, of liquid, esp. seawater: to surge upwards. Also^g. 1885 R. Bridges Eros ^ Psyche x. xix, Out of the topmost stone Of yonder hill upwells a fountain head. 1886 National Rev. Apr. 229 As when, up-welling from his fountain deeps, The Infant River leaves his native snows. 1913 R. Kane Good Friday to Easter Sunday 29 A fresh warm tear., is bom,. . silently upwelling. 1938 Nature 29 Oct. 778/1 Atlantic water.. is rich in phosphate because it contains water that has upwelled at the edge of the continental shelf. *973 C- Sagan Cosmic Connection xvi. 115 Hot molten rock, called lava, upwells through tubes in the upper layers of the Earth. 1979 Nature 8 Feb. 470/2 Most meltwater from icebergs may spread laterally rather than upwell along the sides.

up'welled, ppl. a. (up- 5; cf. prec.) *938 Marine Res. I. 161 The upwelled water will in turn be carried away from the coast. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Ltmnol. 1. v. 280 Recently upw’elled water rich in plankton. 1970 Sci. Amer. Feb. 32/3 The upwelled strips of basalt are distinguishable (rom one another by differences in the direction of their magnetic polarity.

UPWELLING

327

up'welling,/)/)/. a.

(LP-6b.) 1854 Whittier Hermit of Thebatd i O strong, upwelling prayers of faith. 1875 Helps Social Pretsure i. 4. I foresee a source of enjoyment, a very constant and up-welling source. 1884 Century Mag. XXIX. 108 Blushing deeply with upwelling patriotism and bashfulness. 1936 Discovery Aug. 259/1 The cold up-welling polar waters 1^4 Oceartogr. & Marine Biol. II. 348 The muscle band . . may act as a reflector for upwelling luminescence.

up'welling, rbl. sb.

[up- 7.]

1. gen. A welling

upwards. 1868 J. H. Newman Perses on Various Occasions 309 The fresh upwelling of thy tranquil spirit. 1896 Mrs. H. Ward Sir G. Tressady 11. \\. 462 Strange up-wellings of feelings long trampled on and suppressed. 1976 J. WheelerBennett Friends. Enemies & Sovereigns v. 164 Truman derived his own keen perception from within himself, through an ^welling of his own inner consciousness.

2. spec. The rising of water from the depths of the ocean, often bringing with it a renewed source of nutrients; also, the water thus risen. 1912 Internal. Rev. der gesamt. Hydrobiol. und Hydrographie V. 250 Holway.. attributed the cold surface w^ater to an upwelling of bottom water. 1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents 11 This is a cool current partly owing to the upwelling of cold water along the coast. 29^3 C. L. Pickard Descriptive Physical Oceanogr. iv. 39 L pwelling is important in replenishing the surface layers. 1967 Oceanogr. Marine Biol. V. 57 This gives rise along the south coast of New Guinea to a violent upwelling whose existence is evident only during this month. 1973 Sci. Amer. June 22/3 The concentration of nutrients in the Peru upwelling is many times greater than that in the open ocean.

upwent,

pa. t. of upgo v.

upwhelmed: see up- 5. up'whirled, pa. pple. (up- 5.) 1667 Milton P.L. hi. 493 All these upwhirld aloft Fly.. Into a Limbo large and broad. 1821 Wordsw. Eccles. Sonn. II. Reflect. 8 The ‘trumpery’ that ascends in bare display.. Upwhirled, and flying o’er the ethereal plain.

up'whirling, vbl. sb. (up- 7.) 1877 G. F. Cha.mbers Astron. (ed. 3) x. ii. 828 The upwhirling of the glowing gases.

up'whirling, ppl. a. (up-* 6.) i8ot Southey Thalaba v. xl. The upwhirling flood received Mohareb. then .. Engulph'd him in the abyss.

upwind (Ap'waind), L). [up-4. Cf. upwouNDpa. pple., and (M)Du. opwinden, MLG. upwinden, MHO. ufwinden (G. aufwinden), MSw. op-, upvinda (Sw. uppvinda). Da. opvinde.] 11. a. intr. To fly up. Obs.-' c 1250 Gen. Ex. 2988 He smot.. on 6e lond. And gnattes bird 6or 6icke up-wond.

ib. trans, = uptake t;. i. Obs.-^ c 1250 Gen. ^ Ex. 3084 A suSen wind is fli3t up-wond.

URAL

the Scottis vpwith to the hill, Suld tyre ilkone than or tha come thame till. 01598 D. Ferguson Prov. (S.T.S.) 10 As meikic upwith, as meikle down with. 1858 M Porteous Souter Johnny 20 Ye’ll wi’ a braindge Jirk aff the mune. an’ range. 1864 Latto Tam. Bodkin xxiii, 1 hey .. durstna mount upwith to the riggin’.

B. prep. Up along the course of.

f2. To finish up; to complete. Obs.-^ fewe vpwynde An heruest al.

3. To wind, coil, or roll up (something). 1560 Nice Wanton 51 Barn. Leame .. to spyn and sowe... Ism. Spyn, quod ha? Yea, by the masse, and with youre heles vp-wynd. 1613 Drumm. of Hawth. Cypress Grove Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 71 The motion of a swift & euer-whirling wheele, which twinneth forth and againe vp-windeth our life?

b. To raise or hoist by winding. 1600 Fairfax Tasso xv. vii, Her anchors she vpwound. And lanched foorth to sea her pinnesse flit.

4. intr. To become coifed up. 1616 J. Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. xi. 256 Speckd snakes., which turninge round, out sprange at length, and in againe vpwound.

5. To wind upwards. 1880 Lanier Sunrise 103 Low multitudinous stirring Upwinds through the woods.

Up-wind (.Ap'wind), adv. and adj. Also upwind. [up- prep.^ 4.] A. adv. Contrary to the course of, against, the wind. 1838 ScROPE Deer-Stalking 17 Deer.. always run up wind. 1861 Whyte Melville Market Harb. 7 Here their fox had made his point good up-wind. 1897 Hinde Congo Arabs 202 They always started up-wind from our quarters.

B. adj. Occurring in a direction against the wind. 1942 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) II. 95 The aircraft should always be ditched on the upwind slope of the swell. 1943 [secPRANGi’. 2]. 1980 Yachts^ Yachting2g Feb. 651/1 For upwind work, we chose to use a Navik vane.

up'wing, r’. poet. rare, [up-4.] intr. To soar or fly up; to rise. Occas. trans., to fly above. 1885 Nineteenth Cent. Aug. 262 Anon with joy it singeth, V ie with the lark it will. And praising God upwingeth Full many a holy hill. 1927 K. Macleod Road to Isles 212 Gold the morn at dawn upwingeth. 1964 H. E. G. Rope Dream Holiday 10 Amid the kindled altar lights upwings The voice of many mart>TS she hath slain.

'upwith, adv.., P^^p., sb., and a. Chiefly Sc. ('Apwi0) and now rare, [up adv.^ + with.] A. adv. In an upward course or direction; upwards. Also fig. 1513 Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. IV. 515 Tua drawyn towis to keip hir (if. a cannon] at upwith and dounewit'h. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Roils) II. 548 The Danis.. Traistand

pertaining urachus.

to,

[f. ur.4ch-us + -al'.] Of or affecting or found on, the

1890 Billings Med. Diet. 1905 H. D. Rollilston Dis. Liver 251 Various abdominal cysts, such as pancreatic, omental, chylous, urachal, mesenteric cysts.

1504 in Reg- Mag. Sig. Scot. (1888) 239/2 Ascendand up¬ with the said swaill quhill it cum to the littill stane calsay.

C. 50. Upward course. Also^g.

i|urachus Cjusrakas). Anal.

[mod.L., ad. Gr.

ovpaxos urinary canal of a foetus.] A fibrous cord

1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 401 All is bot frutlese his effeir, and fabeis al the vp-with. 1607 Markham Cavel. vi. 9 If the fierce horse haue in his skelping course, either vpwithes..or downewithes, which is, that hee may cyther runne..vp hils, or down hils. 1808 Jamieson s.v., To the upwith, taking a direction upwards.

binding the apex of the bladder to the anterior abdominal wall and the peritoneal folds.

1864 A. Wallace Sc. Tales, M. Lauder 37 It was a good bit upwith gate, so she would give her a tankard of ale to make her climb the brae the better. 1875 W. Alexander Ain Folk 99 They’ll be an upwith market shortly, or it chates me.

[1578 Banister Hist. Man v. 83 b, Out of the higher part and middest of the bottome of the bleddar a way springeth ..called Vrachos.] 1615 Crooke Body of Man (1631) 213 The ligament of the bladder cald Vrachus. 1646 [see allantois], 1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd. bs b. To the urachus the umbilicall arteries are joyned. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Umbilical, The Urachus is only plainly found in Brutes. 1788 Encycl. Brit, (ed, 3) I. 742 These fibres have been considered as the urachus, though without having been ever found pervious. 1804 Med. Jrnl. XH. 14 From their uniting part arose the umbilical vessels, meeting as usual the urachus. 1890 Retrospect Med. CH. 336 An enormously dilated urachus.

'upwold. (up- I.)

uracil (’juarasil).

b. An ascent or rising ground. rare-K 1819 5/. Patrick II. 91 Will ye see how the[y]’re spankin’ along the side o’ that green upwith?

D. adj. Having an upward tendency, or slope; rising.

inclination,

1875 Kinglake Crimea V. vi. 90 The upwold, or high level part of the neck [of the isthmus]. Ibid. 92 The spine of the upwold.

upwound

(Ap'waund), pa. pple.

(up- 5.

Cf.

UPWIND i?.) 1590 Spenser F.Q. i. i. 15 Her huge long taile..was in knots and many boughtes vpwound. 1610 G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. i. xii, Pale Sicknes, with his kercher’d head upwound. 1642 H. More Song of Soul ii. iii. ii. 6 The lowest is not awake. Therefore the midst lies close in sleep upwound.

upwrap, -wrapt, -wreathing, etc.: see up- 4 5. 6. upya ('Apjs), int. slang (chiefly Austral.). Also upyer. [Corruption of up you: see up prep.^ 3 b.] (See quots.) 1941 Baker Diet. Austral. Slang 79 Upya!, a contemptuous ejaculation. 1955 D. Niland Shiralee loi No, he said, I won’t truckle to you. Upya for the rent. 1966 ‘L. Lane’ ABZ of Scouse II. 112 Upyer!, a term of defiance and/or contempt, but often made jocularly.

t up'-yield, t;. Obs. [up-4.] trans. To yield or deliver up; to resign. 1297 Glouc. (Rolls) 74®^ lond )?at him was i3iue, pat he ssolde him vp 3elde. c 1315 Shoreham ii. 114 J>e soule he gan op-3elde. f 1350 Lybeaus Disc. 517 To syr Lybeaus they gon up-yelde.. har sperys. fi38o Sir Ferumb. 4016 Fayne y wolde pe croune op-3elde. 1502 in Antiq. Rep. (1808) II. *321 Our King Henry. .to .. Arthure hadde the seid londs remysed and uppyelden.

And blew 8at day and al Sat ni3t.

C1440 Pallad. on Husb. vii. 47 Thus shal an ox in dayes

'urachal, a.

ur (3:(r)). Also urh. [Echoic. Cf. hurr u.] An inarticulate sound, uttered instead of a word that the speaker is unable to remember or bring out. 1846 O. W. Holmes Rhymed Lesson Poems (1896) 50/2 When you stick on conversation’s burs, Don’t strew your pathway with those dreadful urs. Pall Mall G. 13 June 2/1 The only pauses are the pauses of rhetoric, and the hesitating ‘urh, urh’ is never heard.

ur, obs. or dial var. our pron. II ur- {u^x), prefix, repr. G. (also MHG., OHG.) ur~, denoting ‘primitive, original, earliest,’ as ur-Hamlet, ‘Origin, -stock, etc. See also Urheimat, Urschleim,

Ursprache,

Urtext.

G. ursprache { — primitive language) has been freq. used in recent English philological works. [1864 Max Muller Lect. Sci. Lang. (1871) II. 133 The most troublesome of all vowels, the neutral vowel, sometimes called Urvocal, better Unvocal.] 1889 Jacobs Caxton's Aesop I. 37 Any light he can throw on the Ur-origin of the Fables. 1901 Boas Kyd^s Wks. p. xlv, The Ur-Hamlet may have contained a number of these borrowings. 1926 A. Moller XT. Pedersen's Israeli, i. 245 The word x/iem is found in all Semitic languages and belongs to the absolutely certain ur-semitic conmonents. 1927 A. H. McNeile Introd. to Study of New Testament iii. 50 It was an Ur-Evangelium, a primitive written Gospel, some say in Hebrew, some in Aramaic, on which our Gospels were based. 1937 O. Jespersen Analytic Syntax 142 Some well-known students of language who even call this [^f. ‘S is P’) the ‘urform’ of sentences. 1943 V. Nabokov in Atlantic Monthly May 69/2 The dreadful vulgarity, the Ur-Hitlerism of those ludicrous but vicious organisations. 1947 Auden Age of Anxiety (1948) ii. 46 For Long-Ago has been Ever-After since Ur-Papa gave The Primal Yawn that expressed all things. 1949 F. Fergusson Idea of Theater i. 26 An enactment of the Ur-Myth of the year-god. 1950 Psychiatry XIII. 168/2 The concept of ur-Ianguage and ur-symbolism is of particular importance in Freud’s thought. 1964 C. S. Lewis Discarded Image iv. 54 Plato’s ur-Freudian doctrine of the dream as the expression of a submerged wish. 1966 Punch 9 Nov. 718/2 Above is Leonardo da Vinci’s design for an ur-tank. 1971 Astrophysics ^ Space Sci. X. 363 {heading) Orientation of galaxies and a magnetic ‘urfield*. 1977 Listener 31 Mar. 416/1 The importance of the folk example which he [fc. Bartok] argued to be one of the ur-sources of music. 1979 Ibid. 14 June 831/1 Sir Nikolaus Pevsner’s ur-history. Pioneers of Modern Design. 1983 Sunday Tel. 13 Slar. 14/6 Russell Hoban is an ur-noveiist, a maverick voice that is like no other.

uracan, -ano, obs. varr. hurricane.

Biochem. [a. G. uracil (R. Behrend 1885, in d. C/iemie CCXXIX. ii), of unknown origin (perh. f. Eng. ur(ea -f G. acetsaure acetic acid -1- -i7).] A pyrimidine base, C4H4N2O2, which is a constituent of RNA. 1890 Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. (ed. 2) III. 387 Behrend has succeeded in preparing.. compounds, which are derivatives of a hypothetical substance, to which he has given the name uracil. 1907 Jrn/. Biol. Chem. III. 187 The uracil dissolved completely on warming. 1944 [see OROTIC a.]. 1959 Times 12 June 15/7 It has been calculated .. that a thousand-unit polynucleotide chain consisting of a coded repeat of only four diflferent components — adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil — in the same ratio as exists in tobacco mosaic virus nucleic acid could form about lo^’ different arrangements. 1975 Sci. Amer. May 25/2 Poliovirus RNA is a single chain of about 7,500.. nucleotides, each of which consists of a ribose sugar component and one of four organic bases: adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine.

uraconite ('jusrakDnait). Min. [f. ura-nium + Gr. Kov-la dust, etc.: see -ite' 2 b.] ‘Sulphate of uranium, found as a lemon-yellow powder’ (Chester). 1868^ Dana Min. 668 Uraconite. Uranochre. 1888 Cassell s Encycl. Diet., Uraconite,.. a mineral,. occurring in exceedingly minute scales, Joachimsthal, Bohemia.

or

earthy,

on

uraninite.. at

II uraemia

(ju'riimia). Path. Also uremia. [mod.L., f. Gr. oiJp-ov urine -I- afiiia blood. Cf. It. uremia, F. uremie.] A morbid condition resulting from the presence in the blood of urinary constituents, which are normally eliminated by the kidneys. 1857 Dunglison Med. Lex., Uraemia .., a condition of the blood in which it contains urine or urea. 1867 A. Flint 84 An excess of uric acid.. in the blood constituting a condition differing from urtemia. 1886 Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sci. II. 253/1 The respirations.. are slow in the coma of compression and urtemia.

Princ. Med.

uraemic Gri'ri:mik), a. Path. Also uremic, [f. UREM-IA -I- -ic. Cf. F. uremique.] 1. Of or pertaining to, marked or characterized by, uraemia. 1855 W. D. Moore tr. Heller’s Chem. Urine 85 Uremic vomitus occurs in connexion with other uremie phenomena. J871 A. Meadows Man. Midtvifery (ed. 2) 367 The influence of the uraemic poisoning on the central nervous system. 1886 Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sci. II. 535^/1 In chronic ur®mic dropsies. 1890 Cagney tr. Jaksch’s Clin. Diag. 51 Uraemic blood shows an increased quantity of urea and extractives.

2. Of persons: Affected by uraemia. 1890 Billings Med. Diet. 1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liv. 226 The patient becomes more drowsy and uraemic.

Ilurieus Gu'rhss). Egyptian Antiq. PI. uraei Gu'riiai). [A modern Latinization of ovpaios, given by Horapollo as the Egyptian name for the cobra (now transliterated as I'r t), perhaps influenced in form by the Gr. adj. ovpaios, f. ovpd tail.] A representation of the sacred asp, snake, or serpent, or of its head and neck, employed as an emblem of supreme power, sometimes spec. as worn on the headdress of ancient Egyptian divinities and sovereigns. 1832 G. Long Egypt. Antiq. 1. xi. 254 The snake called Chnuphis or Uraeus, the symbol of royalty found so often on the monuments of Egypt. 1847 Leitch C. O. Muller’s Anc. Art ^232. 205 The Sun-god .. with the head of a hawk ., with the sun's disc, upon it an uraeus. 1890 Rider Haggard & A. Lang World’s Desire I. vi, I will.. stake the sacred circlet upon my brow, against the Royal uraeus on thine. 2904 Budge 3rd Gf 4th Egypt. Rooms Brit. Mus. 116 A canopy of a bier.. ornamented with a row of urtei wearing disks. attrib. 1858 Birch Ane. Pottery 1. 20 Figures of vultures, of the ur*us serpent, and a scarabaus. Ibid 89 The crocodiles of Sabak, uraei or cobra-capella snakes, emblems of the gods. 1889 Rider Haggard Cleopatra ii. ix, The sceptre in her hand, and on her brow the uraus diadem of gold.

Ural' Cjusral).

[See def.] a. The name (more freq. Urals, Ural mountains) of a mountainchain forming the north-eastern boundary of

URAL

URANIAN

328

Europe with Asia, used attrib. in various specific appellations of birds, animals, etc., native to or found in that region, as Ural duck, lizard, etc. (see quots.). 1785 Latham Gen. Synop. Birds VI. 514 ‘Ural Duck, anas mersa,..\s a trifle bigger than the common Teal. 1881 Lyell Pigeons 81 The smooth-legged chequered or spangled ones are known in this country as •Ural ice[-pigeons]. 1802 Shaw Gen. Zool. III. 252 ‘Ural Lizard, Lacerta Uraiensisy. .moves with great swiftness. 1781 Latham Gen. Synop. Birds I. 148 •Ural Owl, Stryx Uralensis,.. is very full of feathers. 1824 Stephens Shatv's Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 218 •Ural Scoter Leucocebhala), ..Ural Duck [of Latham],., is particularly abundant in Russia, Livonia, and Fionia.

b. Ural-Altaic a., pertaining or belonging to the region including the Ural range and the Altaic mountains (in central Asia), its inhabitants, or their speech. Also absoL, the family of agglutinative languages spoken in eastern Europe and northern Asia; Turanian; Finno-Tartar. 1853 C. Bunsen Let. 2 Aug. in Max Muller Chips (1873) III. 482 Therefore, for Turanian = Ural-Altaic, or the north-eastern branch. 1854 - Outl. Philos. Universal Hist. 1. 291 In the Ural-Altaic languages.. we have one declension and one conjugation, and only a very small number of irregular forms. 1855 Max Muller Lang. Seat of War 96 The third or Turkic branch of the Ural-Altaic division. 1880 Sayce Introd. Sci. Lang. viii. II. 194 It seems to have been a possession of the undivided Ural-Altaic community. 1888 A. H. Keane in Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 1/2 Hence it is that the roots..in Ural-Altaic are always in evidence.

uraP Cjuaral). Med. [Irreg. f. ur-ethane.] A preparation of chloral hydrate and urethane, used as a hypnotic; chloral-urethane; =

Uralite^ Cjuarslait). [Etym. proprietary name for an building material.

unknown.] A asbestos-based

uranate ('juarsnat). Chem. [f. uran-ic + -ate^

1899 Trade Marks Jrnl. 30 Aug. 1050 Uralite... Compounds of asbestos and silica, being manufactures for building and decoration. The British Uralite Company, Limited,.. London; manufacturers. 1902 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 748/1 A demonstration was recently given at the factory at Higham, Kent, of a fireproof material called uralite... Its principal ingredient is asbestos, which is combined with chalk, water-glass and other materials. 1967 ‘M. Hunter’ Cambridgeshire Disaster v. 33 Prefabricated Uralite billets. 1978 J. Matson Dear Osborne xxi. 133 The buildings.. were prefabricated in sections clad with a material called Uralite.

1842 T. Graham Elem. Chem. 644 The alkaline and earthy uranates. x868 Watts' Diet. Chem. V. 947 Uranate of Ammonium... Uranate of Barium. Ibid. 948 Uranate of Zinc. 1878 C. M. Tidy Handbk. Mod. Chem. 337 Uranic oxide can act both as base and acid, forming in the latter case the compounds called uranates.

uralitic G^^ra'litik), a. Min. [f. uralite^ -i-ic.] Of or pertaining to, containing or consisting of, uralite. 1845 tr. Humboldt's Cosmos I. 268 Melaphyre, Augitic, Uralitic, and Oligoglassic [ric] Porphyry. 1879 Rutley

Stud. Rocks xii. 218 A little hornblende occurs, which., is generally of a uralitic character.

uralitization (Juaralitai'zeiJan). Petrol, [f. URALITE^ + -ization.] The alteration of a pyroxene, esp. augite, to form an amphibole, esp. actinolite. Hence 'uralitized ppl. a. 1888 J. P. Iddings tr. Rosenbusch's Microsc. Physiogr. Rock-Making Minerals 241 The alteration of augite into a hornblende mineral, uralitization, is very common. 1909 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. LXV. 378 The uralitized pyroxenes.. have not been transformed into true nephrite. 1954 H. Williams et al. Petrography vi. 112 Also to be ascribed to deuteric action is the widespread uralitization of the augite seen in many monzonites. 1970 Nature 23 May 692/1 The rocks .. retain much of their original structure and texture, the basalts being uralitized or chloritized.

URALIUM. 1891 Cent. Diet. 1895 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. IX. gzzjz

uralium (ju'reiligm). -lUM.] = URAL*.

L^ral has no advantage over chloral, inconvenience of being soluble in water.

1889 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 March 609/1 Gustavo Poppi, a medical student of Bologna, recently described .. the effects of a new hypnotic, which he proposes to call ‘uralium’. Ibid., Uralium induces sleep more quickly.. than any other known hypnotic. 1891 Lancet 3 Jan. 46/1 Uralium or chloral-urethane.. has recently been carefully tested.

and

has

the

uralborite Goaral'bosrait).

Min. [ad. Russ. uralborit (S. V. Malinko 1961, in Zap. Vsesoyuznogo Min. Obshchestva XC. 673), f. the name of the Ural Mountains: see -ite'.] A basic calcium borate, CaB204, occurring as colourless monoclinic crystals. 1962 Amer. Mineralogist XLVII. 1482 Uralborite occurs in radiating-fibrous aggregates of columnar crystals up to 0'5-0'7 cm. 1971 [see nifontovite]. 1977 Soviet Physics — Doklady XXII. 279/1 The most interesting feature of uralborite is the ‘island’ groups.. which are overlapped by the Ca deltadodecahedra forming a threedimensional cationic skeleton.

Hurali (u'raili). [var. of oorali. Cf. woorall] The urari-plant {Strychnos toxifera)^ or the poison obtained from this. Also attrib. 1843 Mill Logic I. iii. vii. 446 If we knew nothing of the Indian arrows but their fatal eflfect, accident alone could turn our attention to experiments on the urali. 1862 in Veness El Dorado (1867) 131 The well-known Urali Poison is prepared from the bark of the Urali (Strychnos toxifera?). 1883 Im Thurn Among Indians Guiana 311 In Europe it is variously called .. urari, urali, and ourali.

Uralian Gti'reilian), a. [f. Ural^ + -ian. Cf. F. ouralien.] Of or pertaining to, dwelling in or near, the Ural mountains; also, Ural-Altaic. [1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 691 Urallian Chain..of mountains.] 1801 Ibid. Suppl. II. 757/1 The Uralian Cossacs are all enthusiasts for the ancient ritual. 1866 Chamb. Jrnl. 28 Apr. 257/1 Some malachite specimens of doors, vases, and clocks, contributed by the emperor of Russia. These were for the most part Uralian, I believe. 1875 Maine Hist. Inst. 65 That portion of.. mankind which has lately been called Uralian, the Turks, Hungarians, and Finns.

Uralic Gt^'r^elik), a. and sb. [f, as prec. + -ic.] Of or belonging to the Ural mountains, or the peoples living in or near them. Also as sb., esp. a sub-family of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. 1861 Max Muller Lect. Sci. Lang. 302 It is generally supposed that the original seat of the Finnic tribes was in the Ural mountains, and their languages have been therefore called Uralic. 1880 Sayce/ntroi/. Sci. Lang. viii. II. 191 The Fmno-Ugric or Uralic dialects. Ibid. 192 The civilization and migrations of the primitive Uralic tribes. 1959 [see Ostyak]. 1963 E* A. Seeman in Current Trends in Linguistics L 392 (/leading) Uralic. 1972 [see Ostyak]. 1975 G. F. Cushing tr. Hajdu's Finno-Ugrian Lang. ^ Peoples 1. 32 Finno-Ugrian and Samoyed are themselves descendants of a common language called Uralic.

uralite* (’juaralait). Min. [ad. G. uralit (1831), f. Ura( (mountains) + -iTE'ab. Cf. F. ouralite.] ‘Pyroxene altered to amphibole’ (Chester). 183s Penny Cycl. III. 85/2 The uralites of (Professor G.] Rose appear to be its natural consequence. 1849 Murchison Siluria App. C. 538 Hvpersthene and diallage are partl^y changed into uralite. 1888 Rutley Rock-Forming Mtn. 180 The well-known paramorphic conversion [of augite] into hornblende, the result being termed Uralite.

b, uralite-porphyry, -syenite: (see quots.). 1^868 Hatts' Diet. Chem. V. 940 Uralite-porphyryy an aphamte-porphyry occurring in the Ural, containing uralite somenmp also crystals of labradorite. x888 Cassell's bncycl. Diet. VII. 382 Uralite-syenite, a variety of syenite which contains uralite.

Med.

[See ural** and

Uralo- (ju'reibu), combining form of Ural*, occurring in a few terms, as Uralo-Altaic (= Ural* b); Uralo-Caspian, pertaining to or situated near the Ural river and the Caspian sea; Uralo-Finnic, of or pertaining to the ethnicallyallied Ural-Altaic and Finnic peoples. 1867 Chambers' Encycl. IX. 670/1 The Uralo-Caspian deserts. 1876 J. B. Mitchell Dates ^ Data 76 The UraloFinnic dialects of the present day. Ibid. 77 The UraloFinnic speaking people. 1877 A. H. Keane tr. Hovelacque's Sci. of Lang. vi. 308 In Central Asia other Uralo-Altaic [^fc] tribes have, .adopted Persian. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 219/2 It is maintained by some that the Finnic languages represent the oldest forms among the Uralo-Altaic groups.

uramil Chem. [G. uramil, f. ur-ea or ur-ic a. + am-monia (or -ium) + ~il -yl.] Dialuramide; amido-barbituric acid; murexan. 1839 R. D. Thomson in British Ann. 378 Uramil. 1841 Brands Chem. (ed. 5) 1381 Uramil..a product of the decomposition of thionuric acid. Ibid., Uramil is soluble in sulphuric acid. 1878 C. M. Tidy Handbk. Mod. Chem. 717 Boiling uramil and mercuric oxide in a weak solution of ammonia.

u’ramile. rare, [-ile.] = prec. 1843 T. Thomson Chem. Animal Bodies 118 Uramile is soluble in potash ley. Ibid., The constituents of uramile. 1866 Odling Anim. Chem. 137 Mesoxalic Mon-ureides [include] Uramile.

uramilic Gt^srs'milik), a. Chem. [f. uramil + -IC I b.] Obtained or derived from uramil. Usu. uramilic acid. 1839 R. D. Thomson in British Ann. 382 Uramilic acid. 1841 Brands Chem. (ed. 5) 1383 Uramilic acid forms soluble crystallizable salts with ammonia, and with the fixed alkalis. 1856 Watts tr. Gmelin’s Handbk. Chem. X. 191 Uramilic acid dissolves in cold nitric acid without evolution of gas.

uran- ('jusrsn), combining form of uranite, uranium, occurring in a few terms, as uranatemnite, etc. (see quots.). Cf. G. Uran-ocher, -oxyd, -vitriol, F. uranochre. 1843 E. J. Chapman Min. 104 ‘Uranatemnite. (Pitchblende.).. Sk. black; no cleavage. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 40/1 Carbonate of Uranium, ‘Uran Bloom. 1805 Phil. Trans. XCV. 348 If this mineral be the *Uran-glimmer [ = uran-mica]. 1837 Dana Min. 246 Uranite. Uranalus Quadratus... Chalcolite-Uranglimmer. 1816 Jameson Syst. Mtn. (ed. 2) III. 553 Uranium. This Order contains three ^ecies,yiz. Pitch-ore, ‘Uran-mica, and Uran-ochre. 1855 Orr 5 Circ. Sci., Geol., etc. 548 Autunite.—Yellow Uranite, Uran-mica, Phosphate of Uranium. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 424 Uranium.. may be procured from the ores called Pechblende, and ‘Uranochre. 1855 Orr’s Circ. Sci., Geol., etc. 506 Pechuran.—VxXch Blende, Uran Ochre, ..Oxide of Uranium. C1840 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 518/2 Pitchblende. ‘Uran-pitch-ore. 1850 Ansted Elem. Geol., Min., etc. §492 Johannite, ‘Uran vitriol, sulphate of uranium.

ura'nalysis. Med. [f. ur-ine sb. + analysis. Cf. urinalysis.] Chemical analysis or exam¬ ination of urine. 1894 C. W. Purdy Urinary Diagnosis.

(title). Practical

Uranalysis

and

I c. Cf. F. uranate.'\ A salt produced by the action of uranic oxide upon a base.

urang-utang, var. orang-outang. I Urania [E. Urania (the muse of astronomy), ad. Gr. OvpavCa ‘the Heavenly One’, fern, of ovpavLos heavenly, f. ovpavos heaven. Cf. F. Uranie (Du Bartas) in sense i.] 1. As the title of a book or poem dealing with celestial or astronomical themes, etc. ? 1614 Drummond of Hawth. Poems 66b, Vrania, or Spirituall Poems. 1615 J. Taylor (Water P.) title, Vrania, or His Heauenly Muse. 1621 Lady M. Wroth (title). The Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania. 1754 J. Hill (title), Urania: or, a compleat view of the Heavens. 1880- (title), Urania: a Monthly Journal of Astrology, Meteorology, and Physical Science.

2. Astr. One of the planetoids or asteroids. 1865

Chambers' Encycl. VII. 577.

Uranian (ju'reinisn),

a.* and si.* [f. Urani-a -i-AN.] A. adj. 1. Pertaining to or befitting heaven; celestial, heavenly. (Freq. from C1890.)

1600 Tourneur Transf. Metam. Ixxv, He bent his mind to pure Vranian vses. 1619 A. Garden Bp. Elphinston (Hunt. Cl.) 680 That concord, loue, and peace,.. Ar suirlie.. Uranian and Diuine. 1818 Shelley Prose Wks. (1880) III. 21 Surrounded by sculptures of divine workmanship, he sees the earthly image of Uranian Love. 1854 S. Dobell Balder xxiii. 90 That old Italian whose Uranian pride. When his great prince had forfeited the skies. Built him another heaven. 1893 F. Thompson Poems 21 And parting from her, in me linger on Vague snatches of Uranian antiphon.

b. As a distinctive epithet of Venus (or Aphrodite): Heavenly, spiritual. (Cf. the etym. note to PANDEMIC.) 1768 Tucker Lt. Nat. III. 301 Genuine Liberty, offspring of all-protecting Jove, and sister of Uranian Venus. 1847 Tennyson Princ. i. 239 O’er his [jr. Cupid’s] head Uranian Venus hung. 1904 L. Tracy Rainbow Island viii, One might almost fancy her ladyship the Moon appearing on the scene as a Uranian Venus.

c. Homosexual (from the reference to Aphrodite in Plato’s Symposium). Cf. uranism, URNING. 1893 J A. Symonds in Spirit Lamp HI. ii. 29 Thou standest on this craggy cove, Live image of Uranian Love. 1898 O. Wilde Let. c 18 Feb. (1962) 705 To have altered my life would have been to have admitted that Uranian love is ignoble. 1914 E. Carpenter Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk ii Inversion in some form was regarded as a necessary part of social life, and the Uranian man accorded a certain meed of honour. 1975 P. Fussell Gt. War & Mod. Memory viii. 294 The effect of the revision is to efface indications of the poem’s Uranian leanings, to replace the pretty of 1913 with the nasty of 1917.

2. Pertaining, Urania.

belonging,

or

dedicated

to

1656 Earl Monm. tr. Boccalini's Advts.fr. Parnass. ii. iii. (1674) 136 Euclide..was set upon by some under the Uranian Porch. 1820 Shelley Milton's Spirit 2, I dreamed that Milton’s spirit rose, and took From life’s green tree his Uranian lute. 1885 Blackie Lett, to Wife (i()og) 333, I paid worship to the Uranian muse.

3. Of or pertaining to nomical.

astronomy;

astro¬

1761 Ann. Reg., Chron. 194/2 Crabtree, whom Horrox had, by letter, invited to this Uranian banquet [= observing the transit of Venus, 1639]. 1832 Frost (title), Uranian Guide; or, Outline Celestial Atlas. 1839 (Broadside title-p.), Uranian Society is established for the advancement of Astronomical Science.

B. sb. A homosexual. C1908 ‘X. Mayne’ Intersexes vii. 173 An appreciable influence in developing early Uranism is the fact that the tutor.. may be an Uranian of pederastic inclinations. 1909 E. Carpenter Intermediate Sex i. 13 One may safely say that the defect of the male Uranian, or Urning, is not sensuality — but rather sentimentality. 1947 E. Rickword Coll. Poems 58 When blessed parthenogenesis arrives and he-uranians can turn honest wives. 1975 P. Fussell Gt. War & Mod. Memory viii. 283 A less respectable.. tradition of homoeroticism was that of the so-called Uranians, a body of enthusiastic pedophils.

Uranian Gti'reinian), a.^ and sbJ [f. Uran-us + -IAN.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to the planet Uranus. 1844 Smyth Cycle Celestial Objects I. 205 The Uranian astronomer must be well stationed for watching comets. 1866 Lockyer Guillemin's Heavens 263 The simultaneous presence or absence of these bodies from the Uranian sky. 1870 Proctor Other Worlds than Ours vii. 167 During the long Uranian year. 1885 Agnes Clerke Pop. Hist. Astron. 114 No further Neptunian or Uranian satellites can be perceived.

B. sb. An inhabitant of Uranus. 1870 Proctor Other Worlds than Ours vii. 168 For upwards of 20 years.. the Uranians—if there are any—never see the small Uranian sun. Ibid., The year of the Uranians lasts 84 of our years.

URANIATE

uranium trioxide on a base. *825 T"- T*homson First Princ. Chem. II. 30 The uraniatc of potash. Ibid. 37 The uraniate of barvtes, when pure, is a sesqui-uraniate. i8a6 Henry Elem. Chem. II. 81 The decomposition of uraniate of lead by anhydrous salt, ignited, to hydrogen gas.

exposing

the

u'ranic, a.' Also ouranik. [f. L. uran-us, Gr. oopaR-ds heaven, + -ic i. Cf. med.L. uranic-us.] .Astronomical, celestial. ?ci86o Carlyle (Webster), Drawing accurately his meridian line, on I know not what telluric or uranic principles. 1883 R. Brown Eridanus 44 There is another ouranik and doubtless preconstellational stream, namely the

Via Lactea.

uranic (ju'rsenik), a.* Chem. [f. uran-ium + -ic I b. Cf. F. uranique.] Formed from, or related to, the higher oxide of uranium. 1837 Dana Min. 246 Uranic Ochre, Uranalus Ochraceus. 1842 Francis Diet. Arts s.v., Uranic acid, peroxyde of uranium, or the sesquioxyde of uranium. 1866 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 203 The uranous salts are green, whilst the uranic compounds are yellow. 1868 Watts’ Diet. Chem. V. 942 Uranic nitrate, or Nitrate of Uranyl. Ibid., Uranic sulphate, or Sulphate of Uranyl. 1873 Ralfe Phys. Chem. 196, I C.C. of the uranic oxide solution.

u ranic, a.^ Anthropol. [f. Gr. ovpav-6? palate (sky, etc.: see URANO-*) + -ic i.] Pertaining or relating to the palate. Freq. uranic index. 1901 F. Russell in .dmer.

tu'ranical, a.

Anthrop. III. 38.

[f. med.L. celestial (cf. uranic a.*) + -al*.] a. Astronomical, b. Astrological.

Obs.

uranic-us

a. 1595 J. Blacrave Astral. Uran. (title-p.). An Instrument or generall Astrolabe.. called the Vranicall Astrolabe. 1619 J. Bainbridge Descr. Late Comet 3 Tycho Brahe, of whose admirable Vranicall instruments many honourable w'itnesses are still suruiuing. 17x6 M. Davies .4then. Brit. II. 341 Captain Hally, whose method of taking Uranical Observations had been .. question’d. b. 1671 Salmon Syn. Med. To Rdr. *4 The Uranical Precepts are more subtile and pure; whose Sublimity is Heaven it self. Ibid. *5 In our Uranical Disquisitions, even through all the three Books.

Urani'centric, a. rare-'. Having Uranus as the centre.

[f.

Uran-us.]

1867 G. F. Chambers Astron. 152 Their [xc. Uranus’ satellites] Uranicentric motion is retrograde.

t u'ranics, sA. p/. Obs.-' [See uranic a.* and-ic 2.] Astrological matters; astrology. 1671 Salmon Syn. Med. To Rdr. *4b. So much as Spiritual and Heavenly things exceed Natural and Earthy, so much do the Uranicks exceed the Physicks.

ura'nidiform, a. [f. mod.L, Uraniidse (see def.).] Having the form characteristic of the Uraniidse, a family of lepidopterous insects, 1859 Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Instit. 1858, 186 Uranidiform larvae will be found possibly.. in Florida.

uraniferous (juara'mfsras), a. [f. uran- + -IFEROUS.] Containing or yielding uranium. 1912 [see betafite]. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. xv. 831 Judson and Osmand .. have recorded., much higher values from ground waters in uraniferous localities. 1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 149 In zones where water has percolated down through uraniferous deposits, torbernite .. may occur.

'uranile, obs. var. uranyl. (Cf. -ile.) 185s J ScoFFERN in Orr's Circ, Sci., Chem. 484 Some chemists regard sesquioxide of uranium as really the protoxide of a radical termed uranile.

uraninite (j^'rasninait). Min. [f. uranium + -IN^: see -ite^ 2 b.] Pitchblende. 1879 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. Ser. iii. XVIII. 153 The masses contain in many cases, a nucleus of uraninite. 1897 L. Fletcher Jntrod. Study Min. 89 Uraninite, or Pitchblende, consists almost entirely of oxygen and uranium.

u'ranious* var.

uranography

329

fu'raniate. Chem. Obs. rare. [f. urani-um + -ATE* I c.] A salt produced by the action of

uranous a.

1912 Archaeol. LXIII. 107 The uranious sand employed by the ancient glass-maker.

ura'iiisco-9 comb, form of mod.L. (ad. Gr. oupavioKo; ‘roof of the occurring in a few medical and surgical uranisconitis, -plastic, -plasty uraniscoplastie], -rraphy. (1848- in diets., etc.)

uraniscus mouth’), terms, as [cf. F. medical

uranism

('ju3r3niz(3)m). rare. [ad. G. uranismus, f. L. Urania, ad. Gr. Oupavla, an epithet of Aphrodite: see Urania, -ism.] Homosexuality. Hence 'uranist, a homosexual. Cf. Uranian a.' i c, sb.^, urning. *895 yrnl. Compar. Neurol. V. 33 The education of congenital inverts (or uranists, to employ a word invented a famous invert) has not yet been undertaken. Ibid. 34 The causes of uranism .. are probably as mysterious as those of the difference of sex. 1899 [see masochism]. CI908 [see Uranian si.’].

uranite (’joaranait). [a. G. uranit (Klaproth, 1789), or F. uranite, f. uran-ium + -ite* 2 b, 4.] ^l.Chem. = URANIUM i. Obs.

*794 G. Pearson Table Chem. Nomencl. 20 One new Metal, the Uranite, was discovered by Klaproth in 1790 [sic] 1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) H. 301 Uranite.. is soluble in the nitrous acid. 1821 Ure Diet. Chem. & Min., Uranite or Uranium, a new metallic substance, discovered by the celebrated Klaproth in the mineral called Pechblende.

2. Min. An ore or mineral composed largely of uranium, and consisting of the two varieties autunite and torbernite. 1802 Parts as it was II. Ixix. 385 A collection of tin ore cobalt, uranite, &c. from Saxony. 1815 A. Aikin Mineralogy (ed. 2) 138 U ranite, Uran glimmer W’.,.. occurs crystallized in rectangular prisms and tables. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 1263 A double phosphate of uranium and copper, called green uranite. and uran mica, occurs in Cornwall. 1866 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 203 Uranium.. existing combined in two somewhat rare minerals, pitchblende and uranite.

ura'nitic, a. [f. prec. + -ic.] Of, pertaining to, or containing uranite (or uranium). 1796 Kirwan Elem. Mtn. (ed. 2) II. 302 Uranitic Calx is insoluble in alkalis. Ibid. 469 Crystals of uranitic vitriol. 1819 Brande Man. Chem. 265 The uranitic ore, called by the Germans uran glimmer, is a hydrate of the yellow oxide. 1836 Ibid. (ed. 4) 733 The mineral called uranitic ochre is generally considered as a hydrated peroxide.

uranium (ju'reiniom). [mod.L. (Klaproth, ^1790). f- the name of the planet Uran-us + -lUM.]

1. a. A rare, heavy, grayish metallic element, found esp. in pitchblende and uranite. (Now important as fissile material in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs.) Also with following (arabic) numeral, denoting the mass number of the isotope concerned; and with following (usu. Roman) numeral or capital letter denoting an isotope of uranium or one formed by the decay of uranium. uranium I, uranium 238; uranium II, uranium 234; uranium X or X\, thorium 234 (the decay product of uranium I); uranium X2, metastable protactinium 234 (the decay product of uranium Xj); uranium Y, thorium 231 (a decay product of uranium 235); uranium Z, protactinium 234 in its ground state. In first quot. erron. identified with pitchblende. 1797 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVIII. 691 Uranium, a fossil found .. in Saxony, and .. in Bohemia, and is, by the miners, called Pechblend. 1805 Phil. Trans. XCV. 348 The solution .. contained oxide of uranium. 1842 E. A. Parnell Chem. Anal. 169 Both the peroxide and protoxide of uranium are precipitated from their solutions by ammonia. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 39/2 Uranium is very combustible;.. it bums with a remarkably white and shining light. 1857 Miller Elem. Chem., Org. x. § i. 592 Salts of uranium. 1868 Watts Diet. Chem. V. 940 Peligot, in 1840, showed that the body previously r^arded as metallic uranium was really the protoxide (UO); he likewise obtained the true metal. 1875 Vogel Chem. Light xvi. 267 Uranium itself is a rare metal whose combinations play a great part in colouring materials. 1900 W. Crookes in Proc. R. Soc. LXVI. 418 The new body must have a name. Until it is more tractable I will call it provisionally UrX -the unknown substance in uranium. 1903 Phil. Mag. V. 442 It was shown in 1900 by Sir William Crookes {Proc. Roy. Soc., 1900, vol. Ixvi. p. 409) that the activity of uranium to a photographic plate is caused by the presence of a minute amount of a foreign substance to which he gave the name Uranium X. 1911 G. N. Antonoff in Ibid. XXII. 425 The period of the new product deduced from the curve is 1-5 days... It is proposed to call the new product uranium Y (UrY). 1912 Geiger & Nuttall in Ibid. XXIII. 444 It enables us to calculate the period of ionium and of the second product in uranium (uranium II.) with greater certainty than has hitherto been possible. Uranium I. therefore.. emits a particles of range 2 5 cm. in air.. and is followed by another a-ray product, uranium II., which.. emits a particles of range 2 9 cm. 1950 tr. Hahn's New Atoms 109 The element 93 remains in bulk in solution—free from uranium, uranium X and the fission products. 1950 Glasstone Sourcebk. Atomic Energy xiv. 401/2 The nonfissionable uranium-238 .. constitutes over 99 2 per cent of ordinary uranium, i960 W. T. L. Neal in J. C. Collins Radioactive Wastes ii. 25 Reactors are operated for three purposes—for fuel production (e.g. production of plutonium-239 from uranium-238, or uranium-233 from thorium-232), for power production and for research. 1962 Newnes Cone. Encycl. Nucl. Energy 659/1 Uranium II, U^^^, is a decay product of natural uranium, being formed by beta decay of uranium X2 and uranium Z.

b. attrib., esp. in the names of salts, ores, etc., as uranium acetate, fission, fuel, nitrate, -ore, oxide, phosphate, vitriol, also Comb., as uranium-bearing, -prepared-, uranium bomb, an atomic bomb in which uranium is the fissile material; uranium hexafluoride, a whitish crystalline hygroscopic compound, UF^, which sublimes at 56°C and is the form in which uranium isotopes are separated by gaseous diffusion; uranium iead, (a) the isotope lead 206, = radium G s.v. radium i b; {b) used attrib, (with hyphen) to designate a method of isotopic dating, and the results obtained with it, based upon measurement of the relative amounts in rock of uranium 238 and 235 and of their ultimate decay products lead 206 and 207; uranium series, the series of isotopes produced by the radioactive decay of uranium 238, each member resulting from the decay of the previous one.

Various other examples have appeared in special Dicta., as straniunt-bloom, -green, -ochre, -orange, -yellow (1868 Watts' Diet. Chem. s.v.). *890 Cagney tr. Jaksch’s Clin. Diagn. 269 Uranium acetate or nitrate is added in solution. 1941 in M. Gowinjt Britain & Atomic Energy igsg 194$ (1965) 394 We have now reached the conclusion that it will be possible to make an effective uranium bomb .. which would be equivalent as regards destructive effect to 1,800 tons of T.N.T. 1955 Times 14 June 6/5 Information appears to be coming to light here which cqnfinns that the so-called hydrogen bomb exploded at Bikini last year was a uranium bomb involving a triple process of fission-fusion-fission. 1964 M. Gowing Britain & Atomic Energy 1939-45 •• 38 As war t^gan there was much speculation about Hitler’s supposed ‘secret weapon’ and .. the uranium bomb was among the candidates for this title. 1942 Pollard & Davidson Applied Nucl. Physics X. 187 The answer lies in the discovery of uranium fission by Hahn and Strassman. 1955 J. Lindhard in W. Pauli Niels Bohr 193 Through the discovery of uranium fission it became possible to investigate the penetration of highly charged nuclear fragments. 1956 A. H. (ioMPTON Atomic Quest 321 Uranium fuel must compete economically with such energy sources as coal. 1899 Collective Index Trans. & Abstr. Chem. Soc. 1871-1882 629/1 Uranium hexo-fluoride. 1941 in M. Gowing Britain & Atomic Energy S939^45 (*964) 395 Work on a fairly large scale is needed to develop the chemical side for the production in bulk of uranium hexafluoride, the gaseous compound we propose to use [for the manufacture of ***U]. 1971 Uranium hexafluoride [see hex si.’]. 1984 Times 27 Aug. 1/6 The ship’s owners identified the material as uranium hexa¬ fluoride, a radioactive gas. 1914 Phil. Mag. XXVIII. 825 The equation for the complete disintegration of uranium is U-»8He + Radium G (uranium lead). 1955 [see thorium lead s.v. thorium 2]. 1955 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. LXVI. 1141/1 {heading) Uranium-lead age of the granite. 1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 184/2 Isotopic age measurements by the uranium-lead and rubidium-strontium methods on most meteorites have yielded a solidification age close to 4600 million years. 1873 Ralfe Phys. Chem. 237 The solution of Uranium Nitrate. 1837 Dana Min. 372 Pitchblende. Uranius amorphus. Uncleavable UraniumOre. 1890 Cagney tr. Jaksch’s Clin. Diagn. 269 A solution of uranium oxide. 1862 Catal. Internal. Exhib., Brit. H. No. 3054, Developments of uranium-prepared papers. X909 Chem. News 26 Mar. 146/2 {heading) A new radio-active product of the uranium series. 1973 Uranium series [see thorium series s.v. thorium 2]. 1850 Watts tr. Gmelin’s Handbk. Chem. IV. 175 Monosulphate. Found native as Uranium-vitriol.

2. ellipt. A solution of a salt or nitrate of uranium. Chiefly attrib. and Comb. 1878 Abney Photogr. 155 Printing with iron and uranium compounds. 1890 Anthony’s Photogr. Bull. HI. 361 The uranium intensifier.. in my own practice has proved the simplest and best of all intensifiers. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 422 Carbutt’s Positive Films., are amenable to uranium toning. 1900 J. A. Hodges Pract. Enlarging xiii. (ed. 4) 98 The appearance of a uranium-toned print.

urano-*

('juarsnau), combining form of Gr. sky, heaven(s), roof of the mouth, occurring in: a. fura'nognosy (see quot.); ura'nolatry, worship of the heavenly bodies; urano'mania, -pathy, -pho'tography, -pho'tometer, -'scopian (a fish of the family Uranoscopidx), -theism (see quots.). b. uranostoma'toscopy, examination of the hard palate and back of the mouth; also uranoplastic a., ovpavos

-PLASTY. Recent Diets, give uranoplegia, -rrhaphy, -schisis, staphylplcssty, -staphylorraphy. a. 01831 Bentham App., Wks. 1843 VIII. 286/2 By •Uranognosy, rather than Astronomy, may that branch of Topography, taken in its largest sense, which remains after the substraction of Geography be designated. 1877 W. H. Rule Oriental Rec., Mon. 6 ‘Uranolatry was grown into a system, and the Chaldean or Babylonian astronomy had become a science. 18^ Billings Med. Diet. II. 723 *Uranomania, monomania involving the idea of a divine or celestial origin or connection; a species of megalomania. 1868 W. Cory Lett. (Sf Jfrnls. (1897) 246 That crenopathy and ‘uranopathy, that yielding of ourselves to running water and to still clouds. n/. 4 Feb. 2/3 It is impossible to urbanize the country.

3. To accustom to life in a city or town. Chiefly as pa. pple. (or ppl. a.). 1948 flcp. Native Laws Commission 1946-48 (Dept. Native Affairs, S. Afr.) 19/1 There are large numbers of Natives in a transitional state, who are partly urbanised but have not yet broken their ties with the Reserves. 1963 Daily Tel. 18 Jan. 15/3 Robins are becoming more ‘urbanised’.. and will now take crumbs from the hand at the cafeteria. 1969 Ibid. 9 13/2 The ‘good old Mother Earth’ myth .. can turn the most urbanised of people into horticultural maniacs

Hence urbanized ppl. a.

2. ‘Provided with or contained in an urceolus, as a rotifer’ {Cent. Dict.y 1891). 'urceolated, a. Zool. [f. as prec. + -ed^ 2.] =

URCEOLATE a.

Hence

.urbi'culturist.

1977 Sat. (U.S.) 23 July 48/1 The urbiculturists— give a multimillion-dollar skyscraping enclave or two— move now not to knock down and build anew, but to make over or, to use today’s mot juste, to recycle.

Ilurbi et orbi ('3:bi et'osbi), adt;.[L.] Of papal proclamations, blessings, etc.: to the city (of Rome) and to the world. Also transf.y for general information or acceptance; to everyone. 1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 671/2 Urbi et Orbi.., a form used in the publication of papal bulls, for the purpose of signifying their formal promulgation to the entire Catholic world, as well as to the city of Rome. 1876 Mrs. Tait tr. Klaczkfs Two Chancellors viii. 268 These were the expressions contained in an official document of incontrovertible authority, a diplomatic manifesto which announced urbi et orbi the lofty thoughts of the Imperial Government of France. 1889 M. S. Van de Velde Cosmopolitan Recoil. H. v. 165 The Conclave met; the election of Can^erlingo Pecci was foreseen, it was voted without opposition, and at one p.m., March 3rd, announced urbi et orbi from the loggia of St. Peter. 1907 G. W. E. Russell Pocketful of Sixpences 21 On the eve of the General Election of 1880 she [^c. Lady Burdett-Coutts] issued a proclamation, urbi et orbi, enforcing the need for a ‘strong government’. 1924 J. O. Field Uncensored Recoil, xiii. 239

I.

Eccl. rare. [ad. L. urceolus urceolus. Cf. obs. F. urceolle.] = cruet 2.

After Fuller (Ch. Hist. iv. 157), who thus uses urceoium. 1824 Southey Bk. of Ch. I. 353 The candlestick, taper, and urceole were taken from him as acolyte. [1865 Bonar Last Days Martyrs (ed. 2) v. 125 The alb and maniple were next removed; then the candlestick, taper, and urceole.]

II urceolus (ai'snsbs), [L., dim. pitcher.] (See quots. 1866-86.)

of

urceus

1832 Lindley Introd. Bot. 104 The true nature of the urceolus. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 1006/1 Corolla [of Vahiai] urceolate; ovarium girded by an entire urceolus. 1866 Treas. Bot. 1193/2 Urceo/u5, the two confluent bracts of Carex\ any flask-shaped or cup-shaped anomalous organ. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 4/2 aeveral genera [of Rotifera] present an external casing or sheath or tube which is termed an ‘urceolus*. Ibid. 5/1 The urceolus serves as a defence.

urchin ('3:tjm).

Forms: a. 4 vrehun, 4-5 vrehon (S nurchon, norchon), 4-6 urchone, 5 vrehone, vrchoun(e, 6-7, 8-9 dial, urchon, 7 urchan. 5-7 urchen, 6 vrehen, vrehyn, 6-7 vrehin (7 -ine, urching), 7- urchin; 5 norchen, 6, 9 dial, orchen. y. 5 vrehion (9 dial, urchion), 6 vreheon, 5, 7, 9 dial, urcheon. S. 7 orchant, ourchant, 9 dial. urchint, -ont, -ant, -unt. [var. of hurcheon and

URDEE

333

IRCHIN, agreeing in vowel with the former, and with the latter in the dropping of A.] A. sb. 1. a. = HEDGEHOG I. o. 01340 Hampole Psalter ciii. 19 The stone flcyng til vrchuns [L. petra refugium herenacijs], 1381 Wyclif Ln-. xi, 5 An vrchon, that chewith kude,.. is vnclene. fi400 Rom. Rose 3*35 Like sharp vrchouns his here was growe. 1480 Caxton Chron. England 53 b. Till that his body Stykked as full of arewes as an vrchone is full of prikkes. a 1500 in Rel. .4nt. I. 81 A norchon by tho fyre rostyng a greyhownde. *53° Palsgr. 285/2 Urchone a beest, herysson. 1676 Grew Musieum, Anal. Stomach & Guts ii. 8 The Gulet of an Urchan enters the Stomach towards the middle. 1683 in W S. Banks IValks Yorks. (1871) 43 To March lad for one urchon, [£]oo 2. 1750 J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Lane. Dial. Wks, (1862) p. xxxvii, Od rottle the; whot seys to,’ Hes to foryeat'n th' Tealier finding th' Urchon; an th’ Rimes? 1876- in Westm., Yks., and Lancs, dialect use (Eng. Dial

Diet.). fi. fi42S St. Christina x. in Anglia VIII. 123/28 In pe maner of an vrehyn pe lumped body 3ode to pe owne shappe. 14 .. Nom. in Wr.-Wuleker 700 Hie urunacius,.. a urchen 1556 J Heywood Spider & Fly iii. 32 To grounde he shranke Like an yrchyn vnder an aple tree. 1591 Sylvester Du Bartas 1. vii. 683 Thou Sluggard,.. Go learn the Emmet’s and the Urchin's Art. 1624 Burton Anat. Mel. (ed. 2) II. iii. vii. 291 As a Tortoise in his shell,.. or an Vrehin round... I decline their fury and am safe, a 1653 G. Daniel Idyll v. 98 Stript Porcupine May to an Vrehin, of his wants complaine; Well-thatcht, gainst Winter’s Stormes. 1698 Fryer Ace. E. India ^ P. 290 However here are Salmon ., and the Urchin .. under the Hedges and Trees of an Orchard. 1779 Gentl. Mag. 350 The poor persecuted creature to which I allude is the Hedge-hog or Urchin. 1813 Bingley Anim. Biog. (ed. 4) I. 349 Urchins.. feed, for the most part, on roots, worms, and the larv® of insects. 1863 Atkinson Stanton Grange 218 Sae, I reckon, it is with the urchin. 1867 Emerson May-day 306 The pebble loosened from the frost Asks of the urchin to be tost. y. 14 • • in Rel. Ant. I. 51 Tak the grees of an urcheon, and the fatte of a bare, c 1475 Cath. Angl. 404/2 Vrehion, erecius, erinacius. 1522 Skelton Why not to Court 163 They are.. Lyke vreheons in a stone wall. 1895 J. K. Snowden Web of U'eayer x. We had no more to liven us than an urcheon has in winter-time. S. 1665-6 Ormskirk Churchw. Aec. (Lane. & Chesh. Hist. Soc.) Ser. iii. VI. 174 Paid Thos. Mawdsley for one orchant and one kyde [= kite], oolb. ois. o6d. 1682 in W. S. Banks Walks y orksh. (1871) 43 Paid for 21 ourchants and 7 fylomots, [/;)o 5 10. 1883 Almondbury Gloss., Urchint a hedgehog. 1891 Sheffield Gloss. Suppl. 62 Urchont, a hedgehog.

b. Applied allusively to persons (see quots.). •593 G- Harvey Pierce's Super. 12 But Agrippa was an urcheon, Copernicus a shrimpe. Cardan a puppy,.. Cuiacius a bable to this Termagant. 1594 Selimus K i, Enter Selimus .. at one door, and Acomat.., Vizier, and their soldiers at another. Sel. What are the vrehins crept out of their dens, Vnder the conduct of this porcupine? 1632 Heywood 2nd Pt. Iron Age i. i. Bab, Ther[sites]. By the gods Wee haue two meeting soules: be my sweete Vrehin. •SyrtionJ. I will. And thou shalt bee mine vgly Toade.

t c. A goblin or elf. (From the supposition that they occas. assumed the form of a hedgehog.) 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher, vii. xv. 122 They have so fraied us with bull beggers, spirits, witches, urchens, elves, ..that [etc.]. 1592 Nashe Four Lett. Confut. K j b. The hairies and night V'rchins. 1594-- Terrors of Night Hj b, -An old wiues tale of diuells and vrehins. 1598 Shaks. Merry W. IV. iv, 49. 1614 Hawking, etc. 7 in T. Ravenscroft Briefe Disc., By the moone we sport and play;.. Trip it, little Vrehins all. Lightly as the little little bee.

2. transf. fa. Applied to the porcupine. Obs. CHOCS Maunuev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 143 pere ben also vrehounes als grete as wylde swyn here; wee clepen hem Porez de Spyne.

b. A sea-urchin or sea-hedgehog; = echinus I. i6oi Holland Pliny I. 253 Of the same sort that the Crabs be, are the Vrehins of the sea called Echini. i66z Lovell Hist. Anim. ^ Min. 230 Urchin... The ashes of the shells help sordid ulcers. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. II. 381 The violet-coloured urchins, armed with points and spears. 1845 Gosse Ocean vi. (1849) 277 The irregular movements of the spined urchins. 1853 Anne Pratt Common Things Sea-Coast v. 308 The Purple-tipped Urchin {Echinus miliaris). Ibid., Heart urchins, and Fiddleheart urchins, and Cake urchins; names all expressive of the shape.

tc. U.S. = URSON. Obs. rare. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 201 The Urchin, or Urson,.. is commonly called Hedgehog or Porcupine, but differs from both those animals.

3. One who is deformed in body; a hunchback. Now dial. 1528 Roy Rede me, etc. (Arb.) 43, I trowe the vrehyn will clyme To some promocion hastely. 1607 Topseli. Four-f. Beasts 278 In English, a Hedghog, or an vrehine: by which name also we call a man that holdeth his Necke in his bosome. 1706 Phillips (ed. Kersey), Urchin,.. a Dwarf. 1821 Scott Kenilw. ix, A queer, shambling, ill-made urchin, who, by his stunted growth, seemed about twelve or thirteen years old. 1824 Byron Def. Transf. i. i, Bert. Out, hunchback! Arn. I was born so, mother!.. Bert. Out, urchin, out! 1891 Sheffield Gloss. Suppl. 62 Urchont, a hump-backed person.

4. a. A pert, youngster; a brat.

mischievous,

or

roguish

r 153® Calisto & Melib. Bi, Come hydyr, thou lytyll foie let me see the:. What lytyll vrehyn hast forgotyn me? 1599 Breton Miseries Mauiliia Wks. (Grosart) II. 37/1 Come on, you urchen, you will never come to good. 1726 Swift Gulliver ii. iii. 125. I could not tell to what extremity such a rnalicious urchin might have carried his resentment. 1828 Carr Craven Gloss, s.v.. Thou file urchin thou!

b. poet. Applied to Cupid. I7'ne also, they sayd that he had no bodyly sekeness. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xvi. (Percy Soc.) 67 A physycyen, truely, can lyttel descerne Ony maner sekenes wythout syght of uryne. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus I. 34 Mandane: whom hyr father on a night dreamed to haue let her vryme in .. great aboundance. 1601 Holland Pliny 1. 217 Their urine (after it is made) congcaleth into a certain ycie substance. 1662 H. Newcome Diary (Chetham Soc.) 74 My urine gave mee some alarm, & so y* seeinge it [etc.]. 1732 Arbuthnot Rules of Diet in Aliments, etc. l. 248 Cucumbers are useful in bloody Urine. 1787 Winter Syst. Husb. 58 Human and animal urine are composed of water, oil, and salt. 1803 Fessenden Poet. Petition 10 For bottled urine has, no doubt, In public mails, been frank’d about. 1819 J. G. Children Chem. Anal. 308 The sugar of diabetic urine. 1873 Ralfe Phys. Chem. 188 Healthy human urine is a clear, transparent, ambercoloured fluid. 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1075 If chylous urine is passed into a urine glass. 1897 [see smoky a. 6]. )9- C1330 Bhun.ne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9011 He tasted his pous, saw his vr> n 13.. Coer de L. 3030 Rychard bad his men seche For some wvs clerk.. For to loke hys ur> n. a 1400-50 Alexander 3826 Sum of his awen vr> n & sum on Iren lickid. ^1440 Pallad. on Husb. \. 950 Oil dregges and oxe uren. 1548 V'icary Anat. (1888) 76 The more that the bladder is filled with vrin. 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Sat. Phtlos. n. App. 324 Vrin is a Body, which, as homely and

404/2 An Vryn, vrina..; vbi pissyngc 1535 K. Bankes Seynge of Vryns (title-p.), Here beg>'nneth the seynge of vryns, ..with medycynes annexed to euery vryne. 1541 Elyot Castel of Helth iv. ix. 82 The most common iudgement in sicknes is by vrines. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. \. iv. 39 The vrines of women with child alter almost euery day. 1656 R. Short Drinking Water 95 They .. that will not vougnt-safe to look upon an urine. X707 Floyer PAyric. Pulse-Watch 312 Black Vomits, Spits, or black Urines or Stools. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v.. The Author establishes two kinds of Urines. 1840 Cat. MSS. Brit. Mus. I. lo/i Receipts..; with rules for the discerning of urines. 1887 A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 64 The existence of kreatinine in urines.

t2. [Partly f. the vb.] The action of passing urine; urination. Obs. rare. 1561 in H. B. Wilson Hist. Merchant-Taylors' 5c/i. (1814) 17 Unto their uryne the schollers shall goe to the places appointed them. 1638 Rawley tr. Bacon’s Life & Death (1650) 54 The quantity of.. drink, which a man .. receiveth into his body, is. , much more than he voideth again.. by urine, or by sweating. 1662 R. Mathew Uni. Alch. 43 It drank with White-wine.. oft-times at urine sends forth like jags of cloath. Ibid. 57 Losing his blood at Urine. Ibid. [He] meets with my Pills.. and .. quite stopt his Urine of Blood.

3. a. attrib. and Comb., as urine analysis, ^-bladder, -cistern, drainage, expulsor, -gutter, -monging, pigment, -provoking, -soaked, -sodden, etc.; urine battery (see quot.); urine-cart, one for conveying urine; urine fever (see quot.); urine-glass, = urinal sb. i; t urine-lake, poet, the contents of the bladder; t urine leader, f urine-pipe, a ureter; f urine probe (see quot. and cf. urinary a. 3 a); f urineriver, poet, urine passing through a ureter; urine-salts, salts of urine; urine sugar, urinary sugar. 1884 Thompson Tumours of Bladder 6 The whole subject of ‘urine analysis. 1884 Knight Diet. Mech. Suppl. 916/z * Urine battery, (Electricity). The plates are immersed in a trough through which urine flows. 1738 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Bladder, From whence it takes various denominations, ^ ‘urine-bladder, gall-bladder, &c. 1837 Flemish Husb. 92 in Husb. (L.U.K.) Ill, The carrots,.. by the help of the ‘urine-cart, soon swell to a good size. Ibid. 90 His ‘urinecistern is tvventy feet square, and seven feet deep. 1888 R. Harrison in Lancet 14 Jan. 57/2 Cases where it was impossible to obtain perfect ‘urine drainage. 1597 A. M. tr. Guillemeau s Fr. Chirurg. 48b/2 The ‘urine expulsors, or urine-provoking remedyes. 1888 R. Harrison in Lancet 14 J^o. 57/2 -An aguish form of pyrexia, which I shall speak of henceforth as‘urine fever. 16S0 Ibid. 15 Mayyyi/i ‘Urineglasses with glass or vulcanite stop-cocks at the bottom to draw off the sediment have been made. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 443 Have every particle of filth removed daily from .. the ‘urine-gutters. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. ii. XXV, The ‘Urine-lake.. By little swells, and fills his stretching sides. 1615 H. Crooke Body of Man (1631) 149 The Vreters or ‘vrine leaders or vessels of Vrine. 1623 Hart Arraignm. Ur. (title-p.). The manifold errors and abuses of igriorant‘Vrine-monging Empirickes. 1625-Anat. Ur. I. ii. 15 The ordinarie sort of vrine-monging Physitians. i860 P. Monk in New Syd. Soc. Year-bk. 108 On ‘Urine Pigment. 1863 W. O. Markham tr. Anal. Urine, etc. 371 The quantity of urine pigment is considerably increased in all acute febrile diseases. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 372 Two other passages, called vreteres or ‘vrine pipes. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. ii. ix. 107 This suppression is., procured by the obstruction.. of the Kidneys and Vrinepipes. 1688 Holme Armoury iii. 429/2 The Catheter, or ‘Urine probe,.. is a long pipe with some few holes at one end. 1597 A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 48b/2 ‘Vrineprouoking remedyes 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Isl. n. xxiv. Into a lake the ‘Urine-river falls. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 141 If the ‘urine-salts froth very much upon being treated with an acid. 1876 Roberts Urinary Dis. 485 Marked symptoms of deranged ‘urine-secretion. 1908 Animal Managem. 77 A dirty, damp, ‘urine-soaked mass. 1912 .Man. Elem. Milit. Hygiene (W'ar Office) x. 62 The front of the latrine rapidly becomes a ‘urine-sodden quagmire. Z944 Public Health LVII. 137/1 Nauseating odours assail one’s nostrils on entry, and the source is usually located in some urine-sodden faecal-stained mattress in an upstairs room. 1876 Clin. Soc. Trans. IX. 37 The ‘urine sugar still continuing to be very copious. 1837 Flemish Husb. 83 in Husb. (L.U.K.) HI, The whole being swept into the ‘urinetank below. 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol, (ed, 2) 319 The interstitial growth.. produces.., in the kidney, compression of the ‘urine-tubes. 1839 Ure Diet. Arts 675 The ‘urine vat is prepared by digestion of the ground indigo in warmed stale urine.

b. urine f-caster, -doctor, -inspector, t-monger, f-prophet, one who diagnoses diseases by inspection of the urine. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. i. tv. 38 Who told these •vrinemongers that the wombe daunced attendance on the bladder? 1654 Whitlock Zootomia 82 Admirers of Urineprophets. [Cf. piss-prophet.] 1763 Brit. Mag. IV. 116 Tenant, an urine caster. 1815 Kirby & Sp. Entomol. iv. (1816) I. 141 The prescription of a famous urine-doctor. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 50/1 In former times, the Uromantes, or Urine-casters, pretended [etc.]. 1863 W. O. Markham tr. Anal. Urine, etc. 281 Dozens of specimens of urine were sent daily.. to a female urine-inspector.

t urine, Obs. rare. [Of obscure origin; perh. an error for grine grin sb.^ i.] In Hawking: (see quots.). i486 Bk. St. Albans aijb, Who so will take haw'kes he must haue nettis wich ben kalled vrines and tho must be made of good small thredc. [1621 Markham Hunger's Prevent, xii. 150 You shall take a paire of those Nettes which Faulkoncrs commonly doe call Vrines or Vrncs.]

('Joann, ’juarain), v. ? Obs. [f. urine sb.', or ad. F. uriner (i6th c.), ad. med.L. urinare (whence It. urinare, orinare, Pr. and Pg. urtnar, Pg. ourtnar, Sp. orinar, OF. oriner) to urinate.] 1. intr. To pass or make water; to urinate. urine

In freq. use from c 1645 to c 1700. 1605 B. Jonson Volpone iv. i. By the way, I cheapend sprats: and at S' Markes, I vrin’d. 1629 Massinger Roman Actor II. i. This hopefull youth V’rines vpon your monument. 1638 Ford Fancies i. ii, I will.. urine in thy bason. 1705 Phil. Trans. XXV. 2111, I ask’d him .. whether he found any ease when he did either Vomit, Sweat or Urined. 1757 Gentl. .Mag. Aug. 364/2 [He] felt for the first time a difficulty in urining. 1796 ’A. Pasquin’ New Brighton Guide 18 As to grinning when jobbernowls urin’d upon me, ’Tis false. 1817 Jas. Mill Brit. India 1. ii. iv. 154 When a man spits on another, when he urines on him. 1828 Fleming Hist. Brit. Anim. 11 [The dog] urines sidewise, lifting his hind leg.

2. trans. To cause to pass out, as urine. 1662 R. Mathew Uni. Alch. 44 This man.. did drink without measure, but could not urine it out.

Hence 'urining vbl. sb.

Also attrib.

1668 Wilkins Real Char. 241 Urining,.. make water. Ibid. Alph. Diet., Ureter,.. Urining Vein. uri'nette. [pseudo-Fr., f. (See quot. 1967.)

urin(e

r6.’ -1-

-ette.]

•954 J- Pgdney Smallest Room 35 The ‘urinettes’ have always been there. 1967 Gloss. Sanitation Terms (B.S.I.) 58 Urinette, a urinal like an elongated W.C. pan, for female use.

a. Anat. [ad. mod.L. uriniferus: see URINE sb.' and -(i)ferous, and cf. F. urinifere.] Conveying urine. Usu. with duct, tubule, or (most freq.) tube. uri'niferous,

1744 tr- Boerhaave's Inst. HI. 151, I therefore concluded .. that the Blood .. had dilated the uriniferous Ducts of the Kidneys. 1831 R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 799 The inner [membrane]., even introduces itself into the uriniferous tubes. 1857 G. Bird Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 142 A uriniferous tubule. z88o Brady Copepoda HI. 18 The hinder portion of the alimentary canal is perhaps also uriniferous,

a. Anat. [f. as prec. -1Cf. F. urinipare.] Secreting urine. uri'niparous.

-parous.

• 857 Dunglison, Uriniparous,, .an epithet for tubes in the cortical portion of the kidney, which prepare the urine. [Hence in Webster (1864), and later Diets.]

CJoannau), combining form of L. urin-a sb.', occurring in various terms, as .urino'genitary, = urinogenital a. i; uri'nologist, a urologist; uri'nology (see quot. and cf. urology b); 'urinomancy, diagnosis of diseases by examination of the urine; .urinopyk'nometer (see quot.); ,urino'scopic, of or pertaining to the inspection of urine as a means of diagnosing diseases (Cent. Diet., 1891); uri'noscopist, -scopy, = ukoscopist, urinoURINE

-SCOPY. 1878 F. J. Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 523 The vasuclar system, and ‘urino-genitary organs. 1897 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 18 June 5/2 'The doctor was again summoned to.. produce urine in the presence of the ‘urinologist. 1900 Nature 17 May 53/2 The book should be of value to urinologists, i860 R. Fowler Med. Voc., *Urinology, the branch of Medicine which treats of the urine. [Hence in various Diets] 1904 G. S. Hall Adolescence I. ii6 The many centuries when ‘urinomancy and urinoscopy vied with astrology. 1905 Brit. Med.Jrnl. i July 27 The ‘urino pyknometer.. is serviceable for making a rough clinical estimate of the specific gravity of small quantities of urine. 1836 R. Furness Astrologer 11. Poet. Wks. (1858) 146 Let some one .. Take Thor’s first morning water in a phial, And give the ‘Urinoscopist a trial. Ibid. 150 Volumes of ‘Urinoscopy. 1839 Spillan tr. Schill’s Outl. Pathol. Semeiology 7 With that exception, ignorance and superstition prevailed in this half of the second period. Urinoscopy occupied the place of semeiology. 1904 [see urinomancy above]. .urino'genital,

1.

a.

= UROGENITAL

[f. prec.

+

genital

a.]

a.

1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 249/1 A specific eflfect will be exerted on the urino-genital organs. 1879 E. P. Wright Anim. Life 12 The urino-genital opening. 1881 F. Balfour Compar. Embryol. II. 599 The urethra and vagina open independently into the common urinogenital sinus.

2. Affecting or occurring in the urogenital organs. 1846 G. Franks Urino-genital Diseases 45 It is a fruitful source of stricture, impotence, and general deranged state of the urino-genital functions. Ilurinoir

(yhnwar). [Fr.] A public urinal.

*955 G. Greene Quiet American 11. iii. 147 The old women gossiped as they had always done, squatting on the floor outside the urinoir. 1962 Spectator 16 Nov. 770 A wrought iron urinoir in Holborn.

[f. urino+ -meter. Cf. F. urinometre.] An instrument for determining the specific gravity or weight of urine. uri'nometer.

Also, in recent Diets. (1891 -), urino'metric, -'ometry. *843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 55/1 [The] Urinometer.. is constructed on the principle of a common hydrometer. 1858 Thudichum Urine 14 Which, when destined to be used for the urine only, should be called urogravimeter, but has been wrongly styled urinometer. 1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 426 A urinometer possessing a somewhat extensive scale of graduations. attrib. 1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 426 Chloroform and benzol are mixed in an ordinary urinometer glass.

URINOSE

342

turi'nose, a. Obs.~^ [ad. mod.L. urinos-us: see next.] Of the nature of urine. 1692 Ray Creation ii. 64 In the Kidneys there should be such innumerable.. Tubes conveying the Urinose Particles to the Pelvis and Ureters.

urinous Cjusnnos), a. [ad. mod.L. urinos-us (whence It. and Pg. urinoso, It. and Sp. orinoso), f. L. urina urine sb.' Cf. prec., F. urineux (1611), and the earlier merdurinous a.] 1. Possessing or partaking of the essential properties of urine. In frei^ent use from c 1670 to c 1700. 1644 G. Plattes in Hartlib's Legacy (1655) 217, i. Nitrous Salt, 2. Urinous Salt, in which are comprehended, 3. all Dungs, Horns, Shreads, and the like. 1663 Boyle Usef. Exper. Nat. Philos, n. 200 What an Acid Menstruum dissolves, an Alcalizate, or an Urinous will precipitate- Ibid. 201 Volatile and Urinous Spirits, as Spirits of Urine it self. 1698 W. King tr. Sorbiere's Journ. Lond. 33 As Meat rots, it becomes more Urinous and Salt. 1708 J. Keill Anim. Secretion 74 Lime does strongly attract Urinous Salts. 1763 W. Lewis Comm. Phil.-Techn. 95 A mixture of the vitriolic acid with the same urinous spirit. 1819 Rees' Cycl. XXXVII. S.V., Urinous Salts are the same with what we otherwise call alkaline salts, or alkalies.

b. Characteristic or suggestive of that of urine. In frequent use from c 1800. 1670 H. Stubbe Plus Ultra 135 The former in that mixture lost its urinous smell. 1677 Plot Oxfordsh. 38 A salt of a urinous tast. 1742 Lond. Country Brew. iii. (ed. 2) 235 It will certainly give the Beer.. an urinous Taste. 1758 Ann. Reg., Extraord. Adv. 280/2 A urinous volatile effluvia came fmm the prison. 1786 Phil. Trans. LXXVI. 136 An exceeding sharp urinous smell. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inftam. 355 The urinous smell of the perspiration. 1837 Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 179 Soap..would give the liquor a ‘urinous’ taste. 1863 W. O. Markham tr. Anal. Urine, etc. 291 The ‘urinous-odour’ (as it is called) of patients, depending chiefly upon the presence of this salt.

c. Obtained or derived from urine. rare~^. 1663 Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos, ii. v. vh. 180 By tempering the Urinous extract with a convenient quantity of good Wood Ashes.

2. Of fluids, etc.: Of the nature of urine. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 74 Which should separate from the blood an urinous latex. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Urine, The serous or urinous Parts [are there] secreted [from the blood]. 1753 N. Torriano Midwifry 22 Which second Evacuation some have supposed.. to have been urinous. 1788 tr. Swedenborg's Wisd. Angels § 341 Excrementitious and stercoraceous, rancid and urinous matters. 1847-9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 462/1 A urinous fluid was passed off from the stomach by vomiting, i860 Mayne Expos. Lex., Uridrosis,.. urinous sweat. 1876 W. Roberts Urin. Renal Dis. iii. viii. (ed. 3) 487 Sometimes the organic urinous matters only exist in traces.

3. Marked by the presence or prevalence of urine.

Hence 'urinousness, ‘urinous quality’. 1727 Bailey (vol. II). obs. var. ours.

urisk ('uarisk). Also jiuruisg. [a. Gaelic itruisg, uirisg.] In the Highlands of Scotland: A supernatural being supposed to frequent lonely places; a brownie. 1806 P. Graham Scenery Perthshire 19 The Urisks were a sort of lubberly supernaturals, who .. could be gained over by kind attentions, to perform the drudgery of the farm 1853 C. Rogers Week at Bridge of Allan (ed. 3) 330 The Urisks, a species of beings of which the existence was long credited in the upland and secluded districts of Scotland. 1885 Chamb. Jrnl, 371 The urisks.. acted the part ascribed to the brownies of England.

urison, -soun, -sun, uritary, var.

uretary

obs. ff. orison.

Obs.

turith, = vrith, s. dial. var.

sb.'^ 3.

frith

*67^ Skinner, Urith, vox in Com. Wilts usitatissima. [Hence in Bailey (1721), etc.]

t uritive, a. Obs.~^ [f. L. ur-ere to burn: see -IVE.] Dry, parching. a 1425 tr. Arderne s Treat. Fistula, etc. 82 Vertegrese is ful mich penetratife, dissolutiue, pungityue, vrityue, and hquefactyue.

turitory, variant

of uretary

a. Obs.

1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cxcix. To wash the Reines and Uritory parts from Gravel! or Stones gathered therein.

furiture,

url(e, obs. ff. EARL. Ilurlar

('u3la:(r)). [Gael.] (See quots.)

1889 Cent. Diet. s.v. Pibroch, It consists of a groundtheme or air called the urlar, followed by several variations, .. the whole concluding with a quick movement called the creanduich. 1900 C. S. Thomason Ceol Mor 5 The Ground or Urlar, which corresponds to the Thema or Theme of ordinary modern music. 1925 J. P. Grant Piobaireachd 27 All that appears is the Urlar and a Doubling. The first and third lines of the Urlar correspond with Angus Mackay’s MS. 1962 A. MacLeod Eighth Seal iv. 44 Flora had been working out the urlar, the groundwork or theme of her pibroch. 1977 Meanjin (Austral.) XXXVI. i. 80 Urlar and SiubhaL.are respectively the ‘ground’ and ‘variations’ in classical pipe music. urle, obs. var. orle. furle,

sb.^ Obs.-"^ [Of obscure origin.] A tare.

1659 C. Hoole tr. Comenius Visible World xvii. 37 Pease, Beans, Vetches, and those that are lesse than these, Lentils and Urles (or Tares) [L. lentes et cicera]. turle, v.^ Obs. rare. [ad. OF. ourle-r (13th c.), or med.L. url-are, f. OF. ourle, urle: see orle.] trans. To provide with a border; to border or trim with something. ^1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12463 [Ryton ordered Arthur to] flowe of his owen herd,.. For he wolde vrle his pane wy)7-al Aboute wip a ffylet smal. Ibid. 12472. 1599 Thynne Animadv. (1875) 35 The kinges dalmaticall garmente of the same samitte.. vrled or bordrede .. withe orfreyes.

v.'^ north, dial. [See quots.) urle,

urling**.]

intr. (See

1683 G. Meriton Yorksh. Dial. (1684) 48 What ails our Tibb, that she urles seay ith Neauke? 1654-Yorksh. Ale Gloss. 112 To Vrle, is to draw ones self up on a heap. 1781 W. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss., Url, to look sickly, or to go back in health. 1828 [Carr] Craven Gloss., Url, to be pinched with cold.

ppl. a. north, dial. [f. prec. + -EDh] Stunted in growth; dwarfed, dwarfish, illthriven. urledf

1691 Ray N. Co. Words 78.01800 Pegge Suppl. Grose s.v. 1828- in dialect glossaries (n. Cy., Cumbld., Westm., Yks.,

Lancs.).

Obs.-' [See urle ti." and -ing"; cf. The border, hem, or edge of a garment.

furling". orle.]

£11300 E.E. Psalter cxxxii. 2 Als I^e smerle..>at doune falles in vrlinge [L. in ora] Of him, pat es pe klethinge. 'urling^, north, dial, variant of wirling.

1788 tr. Swedenborg's Wisd. Angels Wherefore those Hells have their Names from thence, and some are called .. stercoraceous, some urinous, and so on. 1851 S. Noble tr. Swedenborg’s Heaven Sf Hell §488 Those who have applied divine truths to promote their own loves,.. love urinous substances and places.

uris,

URN

search of them. His object was to see one and run home to the can, crying ‘I Urkey Johnny Williams.’

obs. variant of ureter.

1662 R. Mathew Uni. Alch. 4 If the defect be amongst the Lritures, Kidneys, Reins or Bladder.

urke, obs. var.

irk

1460 Paston Lett. variaunces.

a.

Suppl.

(,901) 64,

I

am urke of

( aiki). [Origin unknown.] A local nar of a children’s game (see quot.). Also, tl person who is ‘it’ in this game. As v. trans., defeat in this game. Cf. lerky. Urkey

1938 E. Thomas Childhood E. Thomas iii, S3 The b game was an evening one, called Urkey. One boy who v Crkey stood stdl by a tin can while the others hid. Whei shout told that they had found a hiding place he went

1691 Ray N.C. Words 78 An Urling, a little dwarfish person. 1807 J. Stagg Poems 91 Thou’s a menceless urlin ista. 1824- in Yks. dial, glossaries, etc. 1881 Sargisson

Scoap'sjurneh 107 He tumt on t’urlin noo at ah still held be t’neck.

(3:n), sb. Also 5 vrn (6 Sc. wrn), 4-7 vrne, 5 uryn, 7 urne. [ad. L. urna (whence It., Sp., Pg. urna, F. urne), f. urere to burn.] 1. An earthenware or metal vessel or vase of a rounded or ovaloid form and with a circular base, used by various peoples esp. in former times (notably by the Romans and Greeks) to preserve the ashes of the dead. Hence vaguely used (esp. poet.) for ‘a tomb or sepulchre, the grave’. urn

In frequent use from c 1640. *374 Chaucer Troylus v. 311 The poudre.. prey I pe Ijow take and it conserue In a vessel, pat men clepet> an vrne, Of gold. 14.. Lydg. Bk. Life of our Lady (Caxton) ivib, The pyece..Was by an aungel in an vrne of golde To charlis brought. 1420-2- Thebes iii. 4575 Some of hem with vrnes made of gold, whan the asshes fully weren made cold, Tenclosyn hem. 1591 Shaks. / Hen. VI, i. vi. 24 When she is dead, Her Ashes, in an Vrne. .Transported, shall be at high Festiuals. 1595-Hen. V, 1. ii. 228 Lay these bones in an vnworthy Vme, Tomblesse, with no remembrance ouer them. 1607 Dekker Hist. Sir T. Wyatt A3, Alasse, how small an Vrne containes a King! 1658 Sir T. Browne {title), Hydriotaphia, Urne-Buriall, or, a Discourse of the Sepulchrall Urnes lately found in Norfolk. 1685 Dryden Thren. August, xiii, So, rising from his Fathers Urn, So Glorious did our Charles return. 1702 Echard Eccl. Hist. III. iv. 376 Ordering his Urn to be brought,.. [Severus] said ‘Little Urn, thou shalt now contain what the whole World could not before’. 1750 Gray Elegy xi, Can storied urn or animated bust Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath? 1824 Byron Juan xvi. xviii, As you turn Backward and forward.., voices from the urn i^pear to wake. 1838 [J. Murray] Econ. Vegetation iii. 76 The capsule of the poppy .. seems to have been adopted as the pattern of the cinerary urn. 1875 W. Eassie Cremation 16 In both ancient Greece and Rome the dwelling-house was made the repository of the funeral urns. Ibid. 123 Urns of gold and silver were not uncommon in ancient times, and are even yet used in Siam.

2. a. A vessel for holding voting-tablets, lots, or balls, in casting lots, voting, etc. Chiefly Roman Antiq. *5*3 Douglas /Eneid vi. i. 46 The deidlie vrne.., Out of the quhilk the lottis warrin draw. Ibid. vii. 18 The fatale wrn and ballance. 1601 B. Jonson Poetaster v. iii, Come, We of the bench Let’s rise to the vrne, and condemne ’hem. 1658 J. Harrington Oceana 72 The number of the Ballottants at either Urn. 1703 Prior Ode Memory G. Villiers 92 When th’ Infernal Judges dismal Pow’r From the dark Urn shall throw Thy destin’d Hour. 1720 Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. II. xii. 235 To draw out of the Urn none but the Names of

such Tribes. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy 1. xi. 121 Each elector .. throws a little billet into an urn... On this billet is inscribed the person’s name. 1825 Fosbroke Encycl. Antiq. 201 Urns for the Ballot... These urns were of two kinds. 1838 De Morgan Ess. Probab. 54 A white ball has been drawn, and from one or other of the two following urns. 1884 tr. Lotze's Logic 368 Suppose we put in an urn.. 3 white balls, in a second urn .. 4 white balls.

f b. in the um, not yet discovered; unknown. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot, i. 2 That great Antiquity America lay buried for a thousand years, and a large part of the earth is still in the Urne unto us.

c. A ballot-box. 1888 (weekly ed.) 21 Dec. 6/1 Nearly 75 per cent, of the .. voters appeared at the urns. 1892 Nation (N.Y.) 8 Dec. 428/1 Since the extension of the suffrage [in Italy], the attendance at the urns has considerably fallen off.

3. a. A hollow (esp. earthenware) vessel or pot of an oviform or rounded shape, and having a circular base; used for various purposes. Also in fig. context. a 1639 Carew Poems (1651) 8 Vesta is not displeas’d if her chast urn Doe with repayred fuell ever burn. 1648 Wilkins Math. Magick ii. x. 234 As a rustick was digging the ground .. he found an Urne.. in which there was another ume, and in this lesser, a lamp clearly burning. 1656 Cowley Mistr., Dialogue iv, Like Tapers shut in ancient Urns. 1754 Gray Progr. Poetry 109 Bright-eyed Fancy.. Scatters from her pictured urn Thoughts, that breathe. 1827 Pollok Course T. viii. 633 He put A penny in the urn of poverty. 1851 Neale Med. Hymns 102 Here the urn of manna standeth. transf. 1857 Heavysege Saul (1869) 234 [A] song.. Falling as faintly and as dewlike down Into the urn of my night-opened ear. fig. k Odes 1. xvi. 1 With sordid Hv).] The symbol, usu. in the form of a circle, of a snake (or dragon) eating its tail. 1940 li. G. Baynes Mythol. of Soul vi. 221 Thus the symbol represents our psychic continuity with the immemorial past. Ibid., Geber, or Jabir, the most famous of the Arabian alchemists, who lived in Kufa about a.d. 776, used the uroborus to represent a closed system or magic ring, denoting the idea of an eternal process. 1953 R. F. C. Hull xr. Jung's Psychol, Alchemy in Coll. Wks. XII. iii. v. 357 The alchemical parallel.. is the double nature of Mercurius, which shows itself most clearly in the Uroboros, the dragon that devours, fertilizes, begets, and slays itself and brings itself to life again. 1957 N. Frye Anat. Criticism 157 Alchemical symbolism takes the ouroborus and the hermaphrodite .. in this redemptive context. 1975 Hughes & Brecht Vicious Circles ^ Infinity Fig. 11 The ouroboros, the snake with his tail in his mouth, is the prototype of the vicious circle... The ‘Endless Snake’ depicts an ouroboros who has becorne one with himself. It has fallen into the mathematical sign for infinity. uroborus

UROMANTICAL

344 with Professor E. Ray Lankester’s terms Stomodseum and Proctodseum. 1897 Parker & Haswell Text-bk. Zool. 11. xiii. 368 The cloaca is a large chamber divided into three compartments, the coprodaeum .., the urodaeum .., and the proctodeum. 1959 W. Andrew Textbk. Compar. Histol. xi. 444 Urine formed in the kidney is concentrated in the cloacal chambers (urodeum and coprodeum) where water is absorbed through the walls. 1975 Nature 17 Jan. 217/2 At the other end, the proctodeum opens into urodeum leading to the coprodeum.

uro'delan, sb. Zool. [f. next +

-an.] = next. In Urodelans .. the movements of the bony pieces are restricted, or nearly so, to one plane. 1879 Nicholson Palceont. (ed. 2) II. 175 The Palxosiren of Geinitz.. is from the Lower Permian, and is believed by its discoverer to be a Urodelan. 1872 Humphry Myology 2

urodele ('joarsdiil), sb. and a.

Zool. [a. F. urodele, usu. pi. urodeles (Dumeril), or ad. mod.L. Urodela, neuter pi. of *urodelus, f. Gr. oup-d URO-* + SrjXoi evident.] A. sb. A member of the order Urodela of amphibians, in which the larval tail persists in adult life; a Urodelan. 1842 Brande Diet. Sci., etc. 1278 Urodeles, Urodehe,.. that tribe of Caducibranchiate Batracian reptiles which preserve the tail through all stages of their existence, c 1850 Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. ii. 1254 The amphibious Urodeles. 1874 Mivart Frog 42 The largest existing Urodele—the gigantic Salamander {Cryptobranchus)—is found in Japan.

B. adj. Belonging to the Urodela (see prec.). 1874 Mivart Common Frog 49 The world’s surface may be divided according to its Urodele population into three legions. 1875 Huxley in Encycl. Brit. I. 762/1 No urodele amphibian has more than four digits in the manus.

Hence uro'delous a., pertaining to, having the characteristics of, the Urodela. c 1844 Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 448/2 The urodelous kinds of Caducibranchiates. 1861 R. E. Grant Tabular View Rec. Zool. 14 Noctilionida... With distinct tail (urodelous). 1881 A. S. Packard Zool. 479 A step higher in the Urodelous scale is the Menopoma.

uroe'rythric, a. Chem. [f. next: see -ic i b.] Derived from uroerythrin. 1871 Watts tr. Gmelin's Handbk. Chem. XVIII. 408 Uroerythric acid [is obtained] by mixing urine with half its volume of hydrochloric acid.

uroe'rythrin. Chem.

Also -ine. [f. uro-^ + A reddish pigment found in the urine of persons suffering from fevers, esp. rheumatic fever. ERYTHRiN.]

urochloralic (jusraukba'rgebk), a. Biochem. [tr, G. uro-chloralsdure urochloralic acid (von Mering & Musculus 1875, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. VIII. 666), f. URO-h see chloralic adj. s.v. CHLORAL.] urochloralic acid', a metabolite formed in the body after chloral has been administered (see quot. 1977).

G. E. Day tr. Simon’s Anim. Chem. I. 216 Uroerythrin, in all probability, owes its origin to the hsmatin of the blood-corpuscles. 1863 W. O. Markham tr. Anal. Urine, etc. 49 Uroerythrine is the pigment which gives to sediments of uric acid and urate of soda their brick or rosy red colour. 1889 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. VII. 416 Its oxidation [i.c. of urochrome] gives rise to a red pigment called uroerythrin.

iSysyrnl. Chem. Soc. XXVIII. 1040 The authors propose to give it the provisional name of urochloralic acid. 1882, etc. [see glycuronic a.]. 1931 Chem. Abstr. XXV. 349 (heading) The pharmacology of urochloralic acid with special regard to the diuretic action of the sodium salt of this acid. 1977 Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia (ed. 27) 753/2 Chloral hydrate is. , excreted slowly in the urine as trichloroethanol and its glucuronide (urochloralic acid).

urogastrone (juarau'gaestraun).

urochord ('josrskoid). Zool. [f. uro-^ + chord s6.] 1. The notochord of ascidians and tunicates, regarded as corresponding to the primordial spinal column in vertebrates. 1877 Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. x. 595 The appendage.. may be terrned the urochord. Ibid. 598 A ganglion .. passes along one side of the urochord to its extremity. 1880 A. Wilson in Gentl. Mag. Jan. 46 Among the sea-squirts, the ‘urochord’ persists throughout life.

2. One of the Urochorda, a branch consisting of ascidians or tunicates. 1885 F. J. Bell Comp. Anat. 313 Amphioxus has no external skeleton, nor have those Urochords that are tailed throughout life.

'urochrome (-kraum). Chem. [f. uro-' -i- Gr. XPei ete not mech at onys. C1500 Melusine xxvi. 207 The halle was hanged nobly with ryche clothes after the vse of the land. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. Ixxvi. 155 His night gowne was., after the French use laced about, with lase of golde. 1885 Dunckley in Manch. Weekly Times 23 May 5/6 The proper pronunciation.. was handed down by oral tradition and by the use of the synagogue.

tb. Sc. Accustomed manner of life. Obs. CX425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. 1218 His awyn oysse to lif wertual. May mirroure and ensampil be Til alkyn statis. c 1470 Henry Wallace vii. 1279 In wtlaw oys he lewit that but let.

III. Manner of using. 14. Manner or mode of employing, applying, turning to account, etc.: a. With qualifying adjs. ri325 Metr. Horn. 3 That wisdom.. That God hauis giuen us for to spend, In god oys til our Hues end. a 1340 Hamfole Psalter Ixxvii. 14 He gifis )»aim.. riches, and pai dispend I»aim in ill oyse. c 1340 --Prose Tr. 11 All maner of wilfull pollusyone procurede one any maner agaynes kyndlyoys. 1390 Gower Cow/. HI. 136 Loke wel that he ne schifte Hise wordes to no wicked us. 1526 Tindale Romans i. 27 Lyke wyse also the men lefte the naturall vse of the woman. 1563 Homilies n. Use of Ch. ii. Cciij, Concernyng the right vse of the temple of god. 1592 Wyrley {title), The True Vse of Armorie, shewed by Historic. 1667 Milton P.L. rv. 204 [He] perverts best things To worst abuse, or to thir meanest use. 1781 Cowper Retirem. 170 Nor these alone prefer a life recluse, Who seek retirement for its proper use. 1804 Med. Jrnl. XH. 433 The result of the advantageous use of that remedy.

b. Without qualification. 1624 E. Gunter {title). The Description and vse of the Sector. The Crosse-staffe and other instruments. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 5 So have you made the Mariner’s Sea-Compass. The Use shall be shew’d in its place. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 348 The use of the Line of Chords. As its use is very easie, so its convenience is very great.

15. With a and pi. A manner or method of using, utilizing, or employing; an instance of this, to make a... use of: cf. i c. 1386 Rolls of Parlt. III. 226/1 The whiche comune wronge uses [of the king’s power], and many other if it lyke to yow mowe be shewed. 1611 Bible Transl. Pref. If 4 But what mention wee three or foure vses of the Scripture? 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 154 If they casually finde a piece of paper that has his [^c. Jesus’] name in it, they preserue it from all bad uses. Reading Guide to Holy City xxxv. 428 To make a more thankfull, prudent, and holy use thereof [sc. of health]. 1725 Watts Logic (1736) 359 There is a proper Use to be made of large Paraphrases. Ibid., There is also a Use of shorter Hints. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 250 With respect to their [rc. animals] uses indeed,.. they differ much. 1819 Shelley Cenci iv. iii. 55 Thou wert a weapon in the hand of God To a just use. 1825 Scott Talism. xii, .4 use of the weapon, sometimes., resorted to, when a missile was necessary. 1849 Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 64 He. .made so dexterous an use of the influence of that cabal that [etc.]. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 157 Some of these uses of the word are confusing.

IV. Purpose served by the thing used. 16. a. A purpose, object, or end, esp. of a useful or advantageous nature. C1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 3674 Yhit may it availle to a gude use. 1382 Wyclif Titus iii. 14 Forsothe and oure men leriie for to be bifore in good werkis, to necessarie vses, that thei be not ynfruytouse. C1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. 246 He ordaynyt pe iugis set [= seat] To be for pat oysse pe market. *495 Glanvil Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. v. Ixiv. (W. de W.) 182 Skynnes of beestes ben graunted to men for ryght many maners and dyuerse vses. 1552-3 in Feuillerat Revels Edw. VI (1914) 104 Prouided for lynyng of., his officers garmentes and like vses. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. Ixxix. § i If we .. convert some small contemptible portion thereof to charitable uses. 1623 J. Taylor (Water P.) Discov. by Sea B 8 b. At his death perhaps.. he will giue.. a little money to Pious vses. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. 11. vi. 67 This is sufficient for that Use, to shew you the difference between the true Compass and the Steering Compass. 1726 Swift Gulliver 1. viii, I had the tallow .. for greasing my boat, and other uses. 1736 Act 9 Geo. II, c. 36 Many large.. Alienations or Dispositions made by.. Persons, to Uses called Charitable Uses. 1818 Shelley fulian & Maddalo 100, I.. saw .. A building on an island; such a one As age to age ^ight add, for uses vile. 1842 Tennyson Day-Dream 201 To what uses shall we put I'he wild weed-flower that simply blows?

b. With limiting genitive phr. or poss. pron. 1382 Wyclif Exod. xxx, 37 Siche a makyngc 3e shulen not make into joure owne vses. 1535 Coverdale Baruch vi. 10 1 he prestes.. take the golde and syluer from them, and put It to their owne vses. 1550 Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I- 277

That tha may caus mak inuintour thairof to be keipit to the vsis of the altaragis thairof in tymes cuming. 1600 Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, II. i. 127 (Q. i). You haue.. made her serue your vses both in purse and in person. 1654 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 43 There is some oweing to me, that I have layd out for his Highnes uses. 1673 RAY/owrn. Low C. 36 To cast the Rain W’ater.. into a large Cistern, where it is kept for the uses of the House.

tc. The provision, supplying, or maintenance 0/ something. Obs. rare. 1382 Wyclif 2 Sam. xxiv. 22 Hast thou., a wayn, and 3ockis of oxen into the vse of trees [1388 in to vss of wode]. 1427 Cov. Leet Bk. iio Dyuers somes..to go to t’e vee of vestments of f>e Trinite chirche. 1496 Ibid. 572 Euery other person [to pay].. xxd. to pe vse of pc Cundith. 1497 Ibid. 587.

fd. A part of a sermon or homily devoted to the practical application of doctrine. Obs, 1631 Massinger Emperor East iii. ii, I am so tir’d With your tedious exhortations, doctrines, vses. Of your religious morality. 1641 Brome/ouia// Crew Ded., I will winde up all, with a Use of Exhortation. 1679 South Serm. 43, I proceed now to the Uses which may be drawn from the Truths delivered. 1734 Watts Relig. Juv. (1789) 81 In his last sermon he had an use of reproof, for some vices which were practised.. in his parish. 1816 Scott Old Mort. xvii. A., devout, Christian woman, whom many thought as good as himself at extracting a doctrine or an use. Ibid, xviii. The discourse.. was divided into fifteen heads, each of which was garnished with seven uses of application. fig. 1632 M.assinger Maid of Hon. i. i, When you had been Cudgell’d well twice or thrice, and from the doctrine Made profitable uses.

e. Forging. (See quots. i86i and 1875.) 1783 H. CoRT in Patents Manuf. Iron (1858) 10 Peculiar method, .of preparing, welding, and working various sorts of iron, and of reducing the same into uses by machinery. 1861 Sir W’. Fairbairn Iron 102 The forging of ‘uses,’ that is,.. those peculiar forms so extensively in demand for steam-engines, steam-boats, railway carriages, and other works. 1863 Appleby's Handbk. Mach. Iron Work 49 Forgings... Boss Uses. 1875 Knight Diet. Mech. 2685 Use, .. a slab of iron welded to the side of a bar near the end, to be drawn down by the hammer in prolongation of the length of the bar.

17. The fact or quality of serving the needs or ends of a person or persons. Catch-phr. —for the use of, with the obj. of of preposed. a 1340 Hampole Psalter iv. 8 Whet, wyne and oile. .ere mast nedful til mannys oise. 1375 Barbour Bruce xix. 196 [They] distroyit the men ilkane. And till thar oys that gude has tane. C1400 Maundev. (Roxb.) xviii. 84 Of pe whyte peper sell pa\ bot lytill,.. bot kepez it till pair awen vse. ri450 Lovelich Merlin 946 (Kolbing), God to his ws hath taken it, trewly. c 1480 Henryson Pract. Medecyne 47 This vntment is rycht ganand for 30ur awin vs. 1522 in Ripon Ch. Acts (Surtees) 357 To the usse and behowe of Cecill my wiffe. 1560 Bible Judith xii. 15 Her maide,. spred for her skinnes.. which she had receiued of Bagoes for her daily vse. -Wisdom XV. 7 The potter.. facioneth euerie vessel with labour to our vse. 1617 J. Taylor (Water P.) Observ. & Trav. fr. London to Hamburgh F 2, Hares .. killed .. and carried to the markets by cart-loads, and sold for the vse of the honourable owners. 1657 Milton 5xaXeWks. 1851 VIII. 387 Rice, Sugar, and Coffee.. for the use of the Grand Seignior. 1713 Berkeley Hylas Phil. i. Wks. 1871 1. 273 Common language.. is framed by and for the use of the vulgar. 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 230 We shall never know whether the things of this world have been made for our use. 1821 Scott Pirate ii, A bargain of rock-cod, purchased .. for the use of the family. 1895 Scully Kafir Stories 106 Food for the use of the Zulus on the journey would be provided. 1959 [see Mallaby-Deeley]. 1971 D. Francis Bonecrack iv. 44 There was .. an armchair of sorts, visitors for the use of.

18. Law. The advantage of a specified person or persons in respect of profit or benefit derived from lands or tenements, etc. In AF. the original us (also use) was later replaced by the unrelated forms oes, eus, eups, ops, oeps: see oeps. *393 in Collect. Topogr. (1836) HI. 256 A rente charge paiable to the vs and profit of his chanterie there. 1429 Rolls of Parlt. IV. 344/1 Any of the seide Lordes shal,..to thair use or behove, receyve or take any astate, feffement, or possession of landys.. that standith .. in debate. 1442 Ibid. V. 57/1 The said Feffees haue no title ner interest therynne, but only upon trust, and to his use, to execute his will. 1487 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 4 All dedes of gyfte of goodes and catalles .. made of trust to thuse of that persone or persones that made the same dede of gyfte. 1535-6 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 10 §4 Where .. purchase of any Landes .. shalbe made.. to any other person or persones .. to the use and behove of the seid Husbond and Wife or to the use of the wife. 1599 in Roxb. Ball. (1886) VI. p. xxvi. The somme of sixteene poundes of myne Restinge in the handes and keepinge for me and to my use of Richard Oringe. 1729 Jacob Law Diet., Cestui que Use.. signifies him to whose Use any other Man is enfeoffed of any Lands or Tenements. 1766 Blackstone Comm. 11. 271 The lands were granted .. to nominal feoffees to the use of the religious houses. i8i8 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 338 If the heir refuses to come in.., the Lord .. may seize the estate to his own use. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 65 If a feoffment had been made to A for li^ to his own use, with remainder to B in fee for the use of C.

19. Office; function; service. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, xxiv. (Percy Soc.) 108 This is the use of the eyene intere. To se all thynges. 1560 Bible (Genev.) i Chron. xxviii. 15 For the candlestickes of siluer, .. and the lampes thereof, according to the vse of euerie candlesticke. 01718 Prior Alma ii. 398 Observe but in these Neighb’ring Lands, The different Use of Mouths and Hands. 1729 Law Serious C. iv. 47 Things may, and must differ in their use. 1811 A. T. Thomson Land. Disp. (1818) 442 The use of the sand in these processes is to prevent the amber.. from passing over into the receiver. 1858 Sears Athan. xviii. 161 It performs its use in the grand economy.

20. a. The character, property, or quality which makes a thing useful or suitable for some

purpose; capability for securing some end; usefulness, utility; advantage, benefit. 1598 Manwood Lawes Forest To Rdr., The necessarie vse and common good, that may arise .. by the publishing of this Treatise. 1628 Prynne Cens. Cozens 40, I would willingly learne but this much ..: what vse there is of these Deuotions .. in our Church or State? 1667 Milton P.L. vii. 346 God made two great Lights, great for thir use To Man. 1700 Locke Hum. Und. (ed. 4) iv. vii. §14, I may have reason to think their use is not answerable to the great Stress which seems to be laid on them. 1712 Steele Spect. No. 492 |f 2 Here’s a little Country Girl that’s very cunning, that makes her use of being young and unbred. 1759 Johnson Rasselas xxxi. He that has built for use, till use is supplied, must begin to build for vanity. 1780 Bentham Princ. Legisl. (1789) p. ccxcv, A few words, for the purpose of giving a general view of the method of division here pursued,.. may have their use. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xxix. (1856) 248 Her position changes so constantly that there is little use of recording it. 1878 T. Hardy Ret. Native ii. ii, Is there any use in saying what can do no good, aunt? 1880 Mrs. Forrester Roy ^ F. I. 3 What is the use of making up my mind.

b. In the phr. to or of {no, little, etc.) use. (a) 1382 Wyclif Wisdom xiii. 13 To noon vse, a crokid tree., he maketh. 1542 Udall tr. Erasm. Apoph. 157 b, Denying the arte of geometrie.. to bee to veraye litle use or purpose. 1611 Bible Tobit vi. 6 To what vse is.. the gall of the fish? 1643 Cromwell Lett. & Sp. (1871) II. 288 It is to no use any man’s saying he will do this or that. 1868- in Yks. and Oxford dialect use {Eng. Dial. Diet.). {b) 1627 J. Taylor (Water P.) Armado, or Navy of Land Ships C I, The Snarle, a small dogged Pinnace, of more vse then profit. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 35 A Castle planted with great Ordnance and Ammunition, but of small vse. 1663 Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xxxvi. It is a thing of great Use, and great Value. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 121 fz Beasts and Birds., that are of Assistance and Use to Man. *735 Johnson Lobo's Abyssinia Voy. iv. 27 Some pieces of Callicoe, which were of the same Use as Money. 1810 Crabbe Borough xx. 322 To be of use Would pleasant thoughts and heavenly hopes produce. 1859 F. E. Paget Curate Cumbersworth 354, I had good reason to hope that I was being of use at Roost. 1880 Geikie Phys. Geog. ii. 83 Snow is of great use in winter, as it protects vegetation from being nipped by severe frost.

c. With ellipse of prep. 1820 Shelley Let. to Maria Gisborne 222 Alas! it is no use to say, ‘I’m poor!’ 1837 J. H. Newman Lett. (1891) II. 230 From their thinking it no use doing good, unless it is talked about. 1874 Dasent Half a Life HI. 46 Fifty years before it might have been some use to him. 1886 ‘H. Conway’ Living or Dead xxv, Rothwell [tried].. to look as much at his ease as possible. But it was no use.

21. a. Need or occasion for using or employing; necessity, demand, exigency. Freq. to have use for (or \of). 1604 Shaks. 0th. iii. iii. 319 Giue it [sc. a handkerchief] me... I haue vse for it. 1607 Norden Surw Dial. 213 For there is no Country .. but hath vse of timber. 1633 Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 95 Not out of any necessity or use of nature .. he took that fish. 1672 Mede's Wks. (ed. 3) Life p. xxxvi, A Book of Mathematicks which he had great use of, and had long thirsted after. 1695 Dryden Parallel Poetry ^ Paint. Ess. (ed. Ker) 11. 140 Our author calls them figures to be let; because the picture has no use of them. 1826 Andrew Scott Poems 39 The warld will still have use for you and me. 1854 H. Miller Sch. ^ Schm. vii, There was no use, they said, for being in the Devil’s Cave so late.

b. In the phr. to have no use for, to be set against; to wish to have nothing to do with; to dislike. Orig. U.S. 1872 Harper's Mag. June 158/2 He was an obstinate fellow .. and moreover, he ‘had no use for’ the defendant any way. 1887 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. XVII. 46, I have no use for him—don’t like him. 1896 Harper's Mag. XCII. 771/1 Billow .. spoke his mind freely to his adjutant. ‘I have no use for Bernadotte,’ said he. 1903 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Last Hope xl. The Marquis had. .spoken in French, and the Captain had no use for that language.

V. 22. attrib. and Comb., as use-value; useestablished, -making, -trampler; use-forge (see 16 e and forge sb.); use immunity U.S. Law (see quot. 1972); use-inheritance (see quot. 1890); use-life, useful life. Also use-man, -MONEY. 1608 Dod & Cleaver Expos. Prov. ix-x. 15 A profitable use-making of the undeserued favour.. shewed unto them. 1617 Hieron Wks. (1620) II. 290 The well vnderstanding and right vse-making of these. 1873 Iron 5 Apr. 356/1 A use forge with a 45-cwt. double-acting Nasmyth’s steam hammer. 1887 Browning Parleyings, Apollo ^ Fates 61 What if we granted—law flouter, use-trampler—His life at the suit of an upstart? 1887 tr. Marx' Capitall. 2 The utility of a thing makes it a use-value. Ibid., Use-values beconve a reality only by use or consumption. 1890 W. P. Ball Effects Use & Disuse 23 The increasing difficulty of complex evolution by natural selection is no proof whatever of useinheritance. [No/c.] I venture to com this concise term to signify the direct inheritance of the effects of use and disuse in kind. 1897 Month April 364 ‘Mass,’ in the honest, useestablished sense, means the Roman Mass. 1950 Chambers's Jrnl. Mar. 191 /2 It is now reported that the magnesium type of dry-cell has a ‘use-life’ of about thirty hours. 1972 Computers ^ Humanities VII. 87 Interactive systems on today’s scale are very recent; for the program designer there are obstacles of rapid change, little standardization, and relatively high development expenses in relation to the probable use-life of the programs. 1972 New Yorker 25 Mar. 86/3 The suggested revision, known as ‘use immunity’, would prevent anyone who was compelled to testify from being prosecuted on the basis of that testimony. 1976 Ibid. 19 Apr. 42/3 Under use-immunity law, however, people who were compelled to testify could later be prosecuted as long as the government did not base its case against them directly or indirectly, on their own testimony.

USE

353

use (ju:z), r.

P'orms: a. 3 4, 7 vsen (5 vsyn,

vson), 3 4 usen (5 usyn), 4 7 vse (3 4 vsi, 4 vsy, 4 5 vsie. Sc. 5-6 wse, 6 ws, vsz), 4- use (4 usy, 8 ues); 5 ouse, yowese, 6 (9 dial.) youse, 9 dial. yuse, 5 (9 dial.) hewse, 6 euse (9 dial. ewse). jS. north,

and Sc. 4 oise, 4-6 oys, oyse, 5*6 oyss (5

oysse, os, ose), 6 oiss; 4 wyse, 5 vyse, 6 vise. [ad. OF. user (also F.), i4seir, usser, uiser, etc. (= Sp. and Pg. usar. It. usare, med.L. usdre), f. L. us-, ppl. stem of liti: see prec.] 1. 1. a. trans. To celebrate, keep, or observe (a rite, custom, etc.); to pursue or follow as a custom or usage. 01240 Lo/song in O.E. Horn. I. 207 J>urh alle pe oSre sacremenz t>et holi chirche foluweS and useS. (-1290 Beket 518 in 5. Eng. Leg. I. 121 Customes here weren bi-fore ivsed, ich onder-stonde. 1340 Ayenb. 48 Vor alle fe sacremens of holi cherche me ssel vsi clenliche. 1387 Trevisa tligden (Rolls) IV\ 351 bat manere is jit i-used in the chirche of Rome, r 1400 Destr. Troy 9097 Jren ordant was .. a fynerall fest, pat frekes ben vset. ? 0 1450 Compend Treat, in Roy Rede me. etc. (Arb.) 183 The lettre of the ceremonies of ye olde lawe sleyth the lewes and them that nowe vsen them, c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2076 bai vsed customes vnstabill. 1504 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden Soc. 1911) H. 286 Contrare to ther costomez out of tvmc of mynde vsed. C1592 Marlowe of Malta iv. ii, Bar. No, ’tis an order which the Fryars vse. 1622 J. Taylor (Water P.) Farew. Tower-bottles A zb, So., did Customes change: The Ancient vse, vs’d many yeares before, Was solde. 1625 PuRCHAS Pilgrims II. 1132 The like custom is vsed throughout the Dominions of Mutezuma. 01648 Ld. Herbert//en. VIII (1683) 7 That the Crown might be put on the King’s Head with that Solemnity, which in former times was used. 1889 Meiklejohn New Hist. Eng. i. ii Many noble Britons assumed and used the Roman toga,.. and the customs and manners of their conquerors. t b. {to be) used, to constitute a use, usage, or custom; to be usual or customary. Also {b) with to (and inf.), or that (and clause). Obs. 13 .. Gosp. Nicodemus (G.) 122 Of Emperoures pat are had bene pis was used in pat land. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 145 It was i-ordeyned pe Lcnte fastynge of Crist., schulde bygynne and dure as it is now i-used. 1422 Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 247 Aft>r the..houre of the day ycustumet or vset. 1550 Cronvley Last Trumpet 1231 Thou shalt not fvnd that thou maiest.. leauy a great fine More then hath bene vsed alwayes. 1582 Stanyhurst JEneis i. (Arb.) 28 Of Tyrian virgins too weare thus a quiuer is vsed (L. mosest]. 1648 Gage West Ind. 88, I thought.. of Indians turned into the shape of beasts (which amongst some hath been used). 1650 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. (i860) I. 2 It shall be lawful, as it hath been used heretofore, to make Probates of wills.. in the Colony. (b) 1377 Langl. P. pi. B. XVIII. 377 It is nou3t vsed in erthe to hangen a feloun Ofter pan ones, c 1450 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 62 It is usyd that the sayd Burgese schall chese .. two ale tastars. 1487 Sc. Acts, Jas. /// (1814) 11. 182/2 Ane vthir to.. haue thare feis as wes vsit to be gevin to.. changeoures in aid tymes. 1523 Fitzherb. Husb. §15 It is vsed in many countreys, the husbandes to haue an oxeharowe..made of sixe smal peces of timbre. 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 50 b, It was also vsed that he.. shoulde likewise .. be .. committed to the Bishoppes pryson. 1577 Fulke Answ. True Christian 42 From the beginning it was not vsed to praye for the deade. 1621 Bp. Mountagu Diatribe 531 It was in old times vsed.. for men to shaue themselues. 1642 tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. ii. §119. 53 Forasmuch as it is commonly used to write a deed before it be sealed. t2. To observe or comply with (a law, rule, etc.); to enforce or put into practice. Obs. a 1300 Cursor M. 9478 pis es bot lagh .. Vsed in curth pis ilk dai. c 1320 Cast. Love 240 In pe kynges court 3it vche day Me vsep pulkeselue lay. c 1350 Will'Palerne 5240 Alle luper lawes pat long hadde ben vsed. 1440 Paston Lett. I. 40 The Duk .. hath made his oath upon the Sacrement, and usyd it, never for to bere armes ayenst Englond. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2076 To vse pair reule pai [ic. monks] had na wille. Ibid. 3706 Our haly faders statutes,.. Vyse 3e paim besyly as 30W aghte. 1526 Tindale / Tim. i. 8 We knowe that the lawe is god, yf a man vse it lawfully. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 3 A1 Barons sail receaue, and vse the lawes, as they are vsed in the Kings court. 3. To prosecute or pursue (some course of action); to do, perform, carry on. Now rare. a. a 1352 Minot Poems (ed. Hall) ii. 30 pe Skotte.. vses all threting with gaudes and gile. 1444 Rolls of Parlt. V. 121 The seid Co[mun]alte.. may use accion of the somes of money accorded to the payd to the seid Co[mun]alte, ayeinst him. 1454 Ibid. 255 That all manere of persones.. use thaire continue! abood uppon thaire said Office. 1547 Boorde Introd. Knowl. 217 They be lyght fyngerd and vse pyking. *573 Tusser Husb. (1878) 113 Use now in thy rie, little raking or none. 1648 Gage West Ind. x. 35 The chiefest Market place, where all the buying and selling was used. 1670 Narborough Jrn/. in Acc. Set>. Late Voy. i. (1694) 52 They use bathing and stuping those places. 1765-8 Erskine Inst. Law Scot. ii. ix. §4 The superior’s consent is presumed, from his not using acts of interruption. 1873 W. Stokes Rapid Writing 100 The Art of using writing should be.. inculcated by all teachers. , *375 Barbour Bruce x. 565. I oysit lang that travailing, So that I can that rod ga richt. C1425 W’yntoun Cron. vii. X. 3528 In Ingilwode and Bernnysdaile pai oyssit al pis tyme par trawale. CI450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7008 At his graue he vysit praying. 1513 Douglas Alneid xii. xiv. 110 Oys furth thy chance: ouhat nedis proces mar? 14. a. To ply or carry on (an occupation, profession, etc.); to follow or exercise; to discharge the functions of (an office). Obs. *375 Barbour Bruce xii. 414 Men that oysis thai mysteris. 1382 Wyclif I Chron. xxiv. 2 Eleasar vscde presthode, and Vthamar. c X440 Generydes 1176 Wherefore they callc vs noo good lauenders. And we haue vsid it thus many yerez. 1495 Acta Dom. Cone. (1839) 415/1 In caise.. .Alexander haid

remanit.. nocht within pe said toune nor vsand pe Course of merchandise perintill. 1542 Reg. Cupar Abbey H. 22 We will at nane hant nor vs the office of brewing, bakin, selling of wyne [etc.]. 1556 Rec. Inverness (New Spaid. Cl.) I. 2 Aganis the law the sayd Thom.. dispresit him wsand his office 1505 T. Washington tr. Nieholay's Voy. ii. viii. 42 [If] she will continue in that occupation, she.. may vse it at her pleasure. x6ii Bible i Tim. iii. 10 Then let them vse the office of a Deacon, being found blamelesse. 1652 Needham tr. Selden s Mare Cl. 197 Merchants.. using Commerce in the very Sea with the Inhabitants. 1665 in De Foe Plague (*754) 48 That no Searcher .. be permitted to use any public Work or Employment. 1721 Perry Daggenh. Breach 115 Commanders of Ships, particularly those who use the Trade. 1773 Life N. Frowde 75 An Implement Nr. M Namara had worn ever since he used the .Mediterranean Trade. transf. 1730 Lett, to Strickland ret. Coal Trade 16 A Number of Ships crouded into the [Coal] Trade, that did not use it before.

t b. To follow or pursue (a manner or course of life). Obs. r 1340 Hampole Prose Tr. 25 Our Lorde forto stere som forto vse this medlid lifTe toke [etc.], a 1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 12 [She] used the blessed lyf that any woman might. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 19s b/i W’han she had lyued and usyd thys lyf fyfty yere. 1578 Scot. Poems i6th C. (1801) 11. 125 The wicked life that I did vse. 1821 Scott Pirate xxxi, I am determined to turn honest man, and use this life [sc. pirac^no longer.

c. To spend or pass (a period of time) in a certain way. (Now only as implying sense 7.) *477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 5 He is happy that usith ms dayes in doyng couenable thinges. 01533 Ld. Berners Ixxxii. 256 In grete doloure & payne I haue vsyd my youth. 153^ Starkey England i. i. 24 So now also vse your tyme.. to the mayntenance .. of the same. 1607 Shaks. Timon iii. i. 39, I haue obserued thee alwayes for.. one that knowes what belongs to reason; and canst vse the time wel. 1613 Sidney's Arcadia in. 390 Now me thinks it time To goe vnto the Bride, and vse this day. 1873 W. Stokes Rapid Writing 43 Use your spare moments in practising Writing. Huon

td. To frequent (another’s company). Obs. *547 Boorde Brev. Health cccxxix. Cvij, Fyrste lyue out of syn..and than vse honest myrth and honest company. 1564 Child-Marriages loi As report is, she hath vsid the evill Companie of William Gallimour. 1599 Shaks., etc. Pass. Pilgr. 422 They that fawn’d on him before Use his company no more.

5. a. To engage in, practise (a game, etc.). 1320-30 Horn Ch. 42 To harpe wele, and play at ches, And al gamen that used is. C1380 Sir Ferumb. 2225 Summe hay vseh a maner of play to caste wel a spere. 1557 North Gueuara's Diall Pr. 1. ii. (1568) 163 They agree to their scollers to vse some pastyme. 1581 Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1906) 11. 221 Dennys Edwardes.. comenly vssethe vnlawflfull garnes. 1626 Bacon Sylva §299 Use not Exercise and a Spare Diet;.. if much Exercise, then a Plentifull Diet. c 1636 A. Stafford Just Apol. (i860) p. xxxix, To shoote in .. Cross-Bowes, and to vse diverse other Recreations. 1764 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) HI. 539 A., corpulent Man, who lived freely and used no Exercise. ? 1770 T. Bridges Homer ii Let discord cease, Use War abroad, at home use Peace. 1794 S. Williams Vermont 83 In such a situation, he uses no exercise. 1801 Strutt Sports Sf Past. II. ii. 74 In old time,.. wrestling was more used than it has been of later years.

fb. To have experience, or be engaged, in (war). CI440 Alph. Tales 76 Aide knyghtis hat.. vsyd batels & cuthe gyff gude cowncell. 1474 Caxton Chesse ii. iv. (1883) 44 He had longe tyme vsid the warre. 1523 Ld. Berners Froissart I. cclxxv. 167 b/2 He had long tyme vsed the warre, and sene great experience therin.

6. a. To put into practice or operation; to carry into action or effect. In very freq. use, with a variety of objects, c 1340-c 1610. a. 13.. Gaw. Gr. Knt. 2106 He is a mon methles, & mercy non vses. 13.. Coer de L. 4670 YifF thou it [rc. clemency] use, Thou dedest nought as I the bad. ^1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 36 For trowth and luf es al bylaft, Men uses now another craft, c 1440 Alph. Tales 353 He vsid robborie, avowtrie, inceste. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour evjb. He., vsed all euyl dedes whiche he couthe ymagyne to doo. 1542 Brinklow Lament, i Certayne greate vyces vsed therin [xc. in London]. X55^ Baldwin Mor. Philos. N vi. To vse vertue is perfecte blessednesse. 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 88 Twas a good world when such simplicitie was vsed, sayes the old women of our time. 1616 R. C. Times' Whistle 50 All lawyers I cannot heerof accuse. For some there are that doe a conscience vse. 1644 Milton Areop. (Arb.) 37 The like severity no doubt was us’d, a 1680 Butler Rem. (1759) I. 15 She [Nature] affects so much to use Variety, in all she does. 17x0 W. King Heathen Gods fif Heroes 41 Her other Brother Neptune used the same Freedom with her. 1758 S. Hayward Serm. p. xiv. It is certainly a minister’s duty .. to use plainness and faithfulness. 1839 Fr. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia (1863) 76 They consider it the lowest degradation in a white to use any exertion. 1898 Scribner's Mag. Dec. 690 It was her regular smile, the one she used every evening. /9. a 1340 Hampole Psalter, etc. 497 Oysand sorow for my syn. c 137s Sc. Leg. Saints xii. {Matthias) 108 Quhen na man mycht se, bane wald he oyse sic cruelte. 1447 Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 167 For pc facundye wych she oysyd J?ere. C1500 Lancelot 1699 To mych to oys familiaritee Contempnyng biyngith one to hie dugre.

b. To practise or exercise towards, against, or upon others. *387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 17 He wolde have iused ^e strengi>e of religioun, but be cruelte of Gascoyns wolde nou3t suffre it. 1388 Wyclif Matt. xx. 25 Thci that ben gretter, vsen power on hem. ^1460 Fortescue Abs. Lim. Mon. ii. (1885) 111 Vsing vppon thaim the lordshippe that is callid dominium regale tantum. X470 Henry Wallace vi. 895 Sic salusyng I oyss till Inglis men. 1542 Udall in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 4 It maye please your maistership to use towardes me sum moderacion. 159B R. Bernard tr. Terence, Andria Prol.. I pray you.. use not parcialitie, and diligently weigh the matter. 1632 Massinger Sc Field Fatal

USE v. i. Therefore use a conscience.. To me. 1653 Holcroft Procopius, Goth. Wars i. 6 The Goths.. had used hostility upon Gratiana. 1656 Earl Monm. tr Boccalint's Advts. fr. Parnass. i. xv. Ingratitude which moral Philosophers were daily seen to use towards their benefactors. 1702 Eng. fheophrast. 124 The violences we commit upon our selves are oftentimes more painful, than those which other people use towards us. 1737 Whiston Josephus, Antiq. vi. iii. §4 The ungrateful conduct thev have used towards me. 1822 Shelley tr. Calderon iii. 78 Tell me all, what poisonous Power Ye use against me. Dowry

II. 7. a. To make use of (some immaterial thing) as a means or instrument; to employ for a certain end or purpose. e kyrk.. is in possession of ^e tend penny of all wardis, relefis, and mariagis, vseheis of courtis, eschetis. 4. = ISSUE sb. 9. rare. (31900 Caithness Words (E.D.D.), Ush, the entrails of a slaughtered animal.

ush, v.^ Sc.

(fand north.). Also 5 vssh(e, 5-6 wsch, 6 vsche, 7, 9 ushe. [var. of iSH v.^]

11. intr. To issue, come out (or forth).

Obs.

1420 Avow. Arth. Ixiv, On a day we vsshet oute. c 1470 Henry Wallace v. 1050 Thai..wschcd furth upon the secund day. Ibid. viii. 116 Erll Patrik wschyt, for bid him wald he nocht. ?I550 Freiris Berwik 130 {Maitland MS.), He had ane preuie postroun.. That he micht vsche [Bann. ischc] quhen [that] him list vnknawin. an. C1410 Sir Cleges 287 The vsscher at the hall dore was Wyth a staffe stondynge. 01470 H. Parker Dives ^ Pauper (W. de W. 1496) vi. xi. 249/1 She dyd hyr offyce, for she was usshere and keper at the dore. 1525 Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xcvi. i rob/i Than the squyer .. called the vssher to open the dore. c 1610 in [T. Maude] Verbeia or Wharfdale (1782) App. 43 The Usher’s Wordes of Directions. First,.. he must go before them thro’ the hall [etc.]. 1677 Venice 121 He disposes of the little Offices about the Palace, as the Ushers and others. 1694 E. Chamberlayne Pres. St. England i. in. 681 Chelsea College. .. There are several other.. Servants, as.. Sexton, Usher, Porters [etc.]. 1728 Chambers Cycl. (1738) s.v., The ushers of the inquisition.. think themselves highly honoured, by only looking to the doors of the sacred tribunal. 1799 Report Comm. Courts of Justice 29 Usher of the Court. Ibid. 31 The Court of King’s Bench.. [Officers include] Usher and Cryer. Deputy Cryers. Deputy Ushers. 1868 Dickens Let. 3 Jan., He met one of the ‘ushers’ (who show people to their seats) coming in with Kelly. 1898 A. M. Binstead Pink 'Un Pelican 181 Like the legal gent.., asked to define the duties of the ushers in the law courts.

h.fig., transf., and in fig. context. C1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 163 Crist..hal’ resoun of many ]?ingis; for he is dore, he is ussher. 1387 Trevisa Higdenv. xvii. (MS. Cott. Tib. D. vii.) fol. 188 Sel7)?e..so meny .. priueleges.. were ygrauntet to petur y dare no3t wipsygge [so] grete and soche an oyschere and porter. 1573 Tusser Husb. (1878) 20 Make eie to be vsher, good vsage to haue, make bolt to be porter. 1594 Zepheria v. B3, Feare, Centinell of sad discretion,.. Cares Vsher, Tenant to his owne oppression. 1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 258 Arminianisme is but a Bridge, an Vsher vnto grosse Popery. 1638 T. Whitaker Blood of Grape 4 As if Satiation were the Usher of diseases. 1709 Steele & Swift Taller No. 67 P10 In this chamber of Fame .. no historians are to be admitted at any of these tables; because they.. are to be made use of as ushers to the assemblies. 1878 Stewart & Tait Unseen Univ. i. §5. 27 Being the usher of souls in their passage to the future state.

c. Const. 0/(the hall, chamber, etc.). 01400-50 Bk. Curtasye 432 in Babees Bk., Speke I wylle a lytulle qwyle Of vssher of chambur, with-outen gyle. [Description of his duties follows.] ?I436 Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1903) 13, I was put to pe Soudenys house & was made vssher of halle. i^'^o Acta Dorn. Conr. (1839) 49/1 Sir Johne of Culquhone .. vschare in pe tyme of oure souerane lordis chawmer durre. 1503 Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 311 John Knox ischar of the hall. 1538 Elyot, Admissionales, vshers of the chambre. 1623 Cockeram ll, An Vsher of a Hall, atrict. 1728 Chambers Cycl. (1738) s.v., In the French Court there are two ushers of the ante¬ chamber, or hall where the king dines in public. fig. 01500 Assemb. Ladies in Skeat Chaucerian Pieces (1897) 383, I am.. Of her [rr. Loyalty’s] chambre her ussher. 1501 Douglas Pal. Hon. iii. Iviii, Humanitie and trew Relatioun Bene ischaris of his chalmer.

d. U.S. One who performs the functions of an usher (sense i) at a wedding. 1895 Outing (U.S.) XXVII. 181 He sent the young lady a beautiful Colport cup and saucer,.. at the same time breathing a prayer that Elliott would not ask him to be usher.

2. An officer at court, in a dignitary’s household, etc., whose duty it is on occasion to walk or go before a person of high rank; also, a chamberlain. Usher of the Black Rod, Green Rod: (see Black Rod, and quot. 1869). 1518 H. Watson Hist. Oliver of Castile (Roxb.) Nab, There came dyuers kynges and herauldes of armes, and after came the Vsshers. 1553 Rutland Papers (Camden) 118 The Duke of Northfolke .. claymethe to be highe vssher the daye of the coronacion. 1641 Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 332/1 Commandit.. to goe befoir the king as Ischear with ane rod in his hand. 1678 Phillips (ed. 4) s.v., Usher of the Blackrod. 1689 Breviate St. Scot. 10 The Second Great Heritable Offices in the Kingdom, are The Lord High Constable,.. The Heritable Usher. 1718 Echard Hist. Eng. HI. 622 The Usher of the Black-Rod commanded their Attendance in the House of Lords. 1721 Ramsay Poems I. List of Subscribers, Usher of the Green Rod, and daily Waiter to his Majesty. 1850 Marsden Early Purit. 402 The king sent down the usher of the House of Lords with a message. 1869 Cussans Her. 235 The Officers attached to this Noble Order [of the Knights of the Thistle] are: The Dean;.. and the Usher of the Green Rod. fig- 1641 Milton Reformation 2 Faith needing not., the Senses, to be either the Vshers, or Interpreters, of heavenly Mysteries. 1673 A. Walker Leez Lachrymans 18 When he is pleased to send this usher of the Black-Rod. Death,.. a white-staflFe is too weak to make Resistance. transf. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husbandry iii. 116 A Colt.. passeth bridges, not tar^iing for an vsher, nor fearing the Ise. 1606 Shaks. Ant. & Cl. in. vi. 44 The wife of Anttony Should haue an Army for an Vsher. 1626 T. C0U55in’s Holy Crt. 37 Anciently Pearles were called Vshers, because they made way for Ladyes, who were attvred with them. 1726 Pope Odyssey xvn. 251 The good old proverb how this pair fulfill! One rogue is usher to another still. 1763 Churchill The Ghost iv. 37 A downright Usher to admit New-Comers to the Court of Wit.

t b. A male attendant on a lady. Obs. 1621 Fletcher Wild-G. Chase ui. i. If she want an Ushersuch an implement; One that is throughly pac'd; a clean made Gentleman; C^n hold a hanging up. 1649 Davenant Love & Honour 1.1, Consumptive Ushers that are decay’d In their Ladies service. 1664 Bi tler Hud. 11. i. 96 She call’d lor Hood And Usher, Implements abroad Which Ladies wear. 1749 Smollett Gil Bias I. xvi, A lady who.. was

358

USHER

squired by an old usher [F. huyer], and a little black moor carried her train. 1809 Malkin Gil Bias I. xvi. If 2 She released her sweet hand from the custody of the usher [F.

usher ('Aj’3(r)), v. [f. prec. Cf. huisher v.] 1. a. trans. To act as usher to (a person or

ecuyer].

persons); to admit ceremoniously; to conduct, attend, or introduce with ceremony/rom, to or unto or esp. into (a place), etc.; to announce, introduce, or bring in as an usher.

3. One who precedes or arrives before another, esp.

a

higher

dignitary

or

personage;

a

precursor. Also transf. Cf. harbinger sb. 3. 1548 Udall Erasm. Par. Matt. iii. 28 By his ussher and messenger John. C1550 N. Smyth tr. Herodian iii. 40 b, He had certayne Usshers going before him, whiche commaunded euerye man to auoyde the stretes. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. ii. 151 That other lesson .. [Christ] suffered his Ushers that went before him to teach. 1847 Emerson Initial Love 75 Heralds high before him [rc. Cupid] run, He has ushers many a one. b. transf. That which precedes or gives intimation of the approach or advent of a person or thing. c 1586 C’tess Pembroke Ps. l. i, God comes,.. His guarde huge stormes, hot flames his ushers goe. 1599 Sir J. Davies Hymns of Astraea 5 Early, chearfull, mounting Larke, Lights gentle Vsher. 1633 P. Fletcher Elisa i. xxviii. Ah death!.. Thou one meals fast, usher to endlesse feasting. 1640 J. Gower Ovids Festiv. ii. 32 In comes the Lecher bold;.. His groping hands his warie ushers were. 1645 Stapylton tr. Musasus C j b, Leander.. Expecting the sad Torch, and to be led By that bright Vsher to his private bed. fig. 01586 Sidney Arcadia ii. xxvii. Stretching out his hand, and making vehement countenances the ushers to his speches. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. Ixxii. §18 Fasts haue beene set as Vshers of festiuall dayes. 1607 Shaks. Cor. ii. i. 173 [Stage direction] A showt, and flourish. Volum. These are the Vshers of Martius. 1632 tr. Bruel's Praxis Med. 58 Troublesome dreames are vshers to this disease, c 1670 M. Bruce Gd. News in Evil Times, etc. (1708) 26 They make the Sabbath, as it were, Mr. Usher to their Visiting of Christ. c. Ent. A species of moth. 1819 Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 360 Geometra leucophearia, The Spring Usher. Ibid., [G.] nigricaria, The dark-bordered Usher. 1832 Rennie Brit. Butterfi. ^ Moths 102 The Spring Usher {Anisopteryx leucophearia, Stephens) appears in oak woods the end of February. Ibid., The Wall Usher {A. Mscularia). 4. An assistant to a schoolmaster or head¬ teacher;

an

under-master,

assistant-master.

Now rare. Also in fig. context. 1512 Nottingham Rec. (1885) III. 453 To.. establisshe one free schole of one Schole Maister and one Vssher. 1561 inH. B. Wilson Hist. Merchant-Taylors' Sch. (1814) 15 Yff both the maister and the usshers be sick at once (as God defend) then let the schoole cease for that while. 1581 J. Bell Haddon's Answ. to Osorius 259 b, Who hath made you usher I pray you, or prepositour of Ciceroes schoole? 1632 D. Lupton London & Countrey carbonadoed 119 Country Vshers .. are vnder the Head-maister, equall with the chiefe Schollers, and aboue the lesser boyes. 1653 Baxter Wore. Petit. Def. 6 We are but Ushers, and Christ is the.. chief Master of the School. 1669 E. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Eng. II. 483 This Colledge consists of a Master.., a Chaplain,.. A Master and Usher to instruct 44 Scholars. 1687 Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 247 He being usher to a Presbyterian scholemaster. 1711 Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) III. 205 Toilet is made II*^ Master, he being before a chief Usher. 1791 Bos^neia. Johnson an. 1732, He accepted of an offer.. as usher in the school of Market-Bosworth. i8i8 Scott Hrt. Midi. jQcvii, Conning over a few pages of Horace or Juvenal with his usher. ci868 in Hughes Tom Brown (ed. 6) Pref., Persecution .. he can’t stop; no more could all the ushers in the world. 1876 Scheme C.C. 8 governing Foundation Thetford School Hosp. 6 From the same date..the present usher of the said School shall cease to hold his office as such Usher. fb. transf. A teacher or preceptor acting under another. Obs. *533 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 585/2 Oure sauiour.. sent him [rc. Judas] forth .. for one of hys vsshers to teache in his owne time. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. vi. xiv. 105 He ordained Heraclas .. his fellowe helper, and Usher,.. committing vnto him the instruction of the inferiour sort. 1613 PuRCHAS Pilgrimage i. iv. 16 Nature was his Schoole master; or if you will rather, Gods Usher. C. = PROVOST sb. 8. *545 [see provost sb. 8]. 1699 Boyer i, Prevost de sale d’armes, the Provost, or Usher of a Fencing-School. 1765 Angelo Sc/i. Fencing 52 When an usher., has finished his apprenticeship under an able master,.. he is obliged to fence with several masters. 15. Usher of the Coins, Change^ or Exchange^ an officer of the Mint. Obs. 1485 Cal. Patent Rolls (1914) 49 [The] countroller,.. clerk and ussher of the coynes. 1485 Rolls of Park. VI. 365/2 The Office of Usher of the Exchaunge of oure said Soveraigne Lord, within his Towre [of London]. 6. attrib. and Corrib.^ as usher life., -like. 1580 Fulke Martiall Confut. iv. 164 An other foolish brable and vsherlike construing, he maketh of Cyprians words. 1873 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 341 The eight years I had then gone through of usher life. Hence 'usherdom, the office or status of an usher; 'usheress, a female usher; u'sherlan, of or pertaining to an usher or ushers; ‘usherism, conduct or comportment characteristic of ushers. 1846 Worcester (citing Qu. Rev.), •Usherdom. 1905 A. C. Benson Upton Lett. io6 The ugly slough of usherdom. 1879 Ch. Times 5 Sept., An appointment.. as an ‘*usheress’ in a big establishment. 1826 Disraeli V. Grey 1. iv, Certain powers were .. delegated to.. beings called Ushers... The *usherian rule had, however, always been comparatively hght at Burnsley Vicarage. 1869 Ellis E.E. Pronunc. I. vi. 625 That kind of pedantic self-sufficiency which is the true growth of half-enlightened ignorance, and may be termed •usherism’.

In frequent use from c 1820. In group (b) with advs. (0) 1596 Warner Alb. Eng. xii. Ixxv. 312 Vnto their Lodging Stafford did the Ladies Vsher then. 1632 J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena A 3 b, Excuse my boldnesse in ushering her Excellencie.. into so excellent a presence. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvii. 447 My Lords! this stranger.. The good Eumaeus usher’d to your court. 1773 Cook's Voy S. Pole II. ii. (1777) 1. 202 An old gentleman came along-side, who..was some king or great man. He was accordingly, ushered on board. 1821 Scott Kenilw. xiv, The hall..to which Tressilian was ushered by one of the Earl’s attendants. 1844 Disraeli Coningsby iii. iii, Whose gracious lot it was to usher them from the apartment. 1891 Farrar Darkn. ^ Dawn xxv, The tribune ushered her into the Emperor’s chamber. (6) 1749 Fielding Tom Jones xiv. x, He..ushered his visitant up stairs. 1760 in Doran Mann, fef Manners (1876) II. 63 For which purpose I set forth in a Coach and Six, and ushered him in. 1835 Dickens Sk. Boz, Parish i, Simmons bows assent, and ushers the woman out. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xli, Ushering me in, he shut the door behind us.

b. Predicated of things. Also transf. 1623 T. Scot Tongve-Combat 63 This brauerie.. vshers them into the company of best princes. 1697 Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 311 Boats having mett them with divers sorts of musick to usher them into that harbour. 1807-8 W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 169 The piece opens with a gentle andante affetuoso, which ushers you into the Assemblyroom.

c. fig., transf., and in fig. context. *594 [Southwell] Mary Magd. Funeral Tears 69 b, As desire is euer vshered by hope, and waited on by feare. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. iii. 3 Yet the blushing dawn out of the chearful east Is ushering forth the day. 1623 Cockeram iii, Nusculus, a friendly fish to the Whale, it vshers him from rocks, shelues, and shores. 01661 Fuller Worthies, Leic. ii. (1662) 130 Sir Tho. Lake may be said to have ushered him [rc. Villiers] to the English Court. 1715 Rowe Lady Jane Gray iv. i. As if his traitor father’s haggard ghost. And Somerset,.. had usher’d him to ruin. 1749 Fielding Tom Jones IV. i, [The hero] is generally ushered on the Stage by a large Troop of.. Scene-shifters. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 6 That mode of signature to which you have thrown open the folding-doors of your presence chamber, and have ushered into your National Assembly. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (ed. 4) ii. xiii, A furious wind which ushers the dust into your eyes. 1867 H. Macmillan Bible Teach, vi. 109 A new class of objects is now ushered upon the scene. 1891 Farrar Darkn. & Dawn Ixvi, Those whom we ushered into the reader’s presence at the beginning of this book. refi. 1812 Ann. Reg., Chron. 47 This singular person ushered himself into public notice in London, by [etc.].

d. absol. To act as or after the manner of an usher. 1612 Donne Progresse of Soule, 2nd Anniversary 156 Yet Death must usher, and unlocke the doore. Thinke further on thy selfe, my Soule. 1657 F. Cockin Div. Blossomes 4 For to insinuate into his will. And usher, thorough his Judgment to ’s Affection.. That he may give to Thee all due subjection.

{b) Spec, to act as an usher in a cinema. U.S. *973 Publishers Weekly 27 Aug. 243/1 A 13-year-oid boy who ushers in a movie house. 1980 M. Gordon Company of Women (1981) i. i. 26 It was teen-agers who flocked to see that kind of movie. Mary Rose had to usher at those movies now.

2. a. To precede, escort, or go before (a dignitary) ceremonially as an usher. 1612 in loth Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 599 All his equippage was ushered by certaine officers in ritche coates. 1065 Brathwait Comment Two Tales (1900) 47 If I at any time use him for the Squire of my Body, or to Usher me in the streets. 1676 Office Clerk of Assize Evij, His Bayliffs, with their white wands in their hands, do usher the Justices from the Court, to the place where they dine. 0 1700 Evelyn Diary 23 April 1667, His Majesty went to Chappell with the Knights of the Garter.., usher’d by the Heraulds.

t b. To precede (a person, esp. of higher rank) as a forerunner or harbinger. Also in fig. context. 1629 Gaule Pract. The. A 5, You shall see your Sauiour at once Vshered, Afforded, Humbled, and Exalted: Vshered by his Prophets, afforded in his Person. 1639 Fuller Holy War in. vi. 118 [Richard I] set forth [to the Crusade] with many of our nation, which either ushered or followed him. 1646 G. H[ils] Odes of Casimire Pref., Juno and Venus ushered by chaste love Through .. Flora’s banks here move.

c. fig. and transf. *599 T. Storer Life & D. Wolsey Hj b, Who follow’d me, but Fortune was at hand. To follow him? or, if she went before. To vsher him? 1602 Marston Ant. ^ Mel. iii. E2, Gastly amazement.. Shall hurry on before, and vsher vs. 1609 B. JoNSON Sil. Worn. IV. i. Nor will it bee out of your gaine to make loue to her too, so shee follow, not vsher, her ladies pleasure. 1621 Brathwait Nat. Embasste, etc. (1877) 203 My friends.. Wish’d that all good successe might vsher mee. 0 1668 Davenant Play House to let iii. i, Wilt thou nowguided be By that bright Star which ushers me.

d. To precede, come or happen immediately before, in order of time; to lead up to. (Cf. 7 c.) 1607 Merry Devil Edmonton i. ii. 55 In and feed. And let that vsher a more serious deed, c 1611 Chapman Iliad v. 864 Pitchy tempests threat, Usher’d with horrid gusts of wind. 1616 B. JoNSON Epigrams ci. Some better sallade Vshring the mutton. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. vii. §282 Such an application to Court as usually ushered those promotions. 1821 Shelley Adonais xxi, Evening must usher night, night urge the morrow. 1821 Byron Sardanap. v. i, The day at last has broken. What a night Hath usher’d it!

USHERAGE 13.

To

wait

at

359 (a

banquet)

as

an

usher.

Obs.-' i6oa DtKKKR Saurom. K 3 b, Eucn thus the Mercurj' of Ileauen Vshers th' ambrosiate banquet of the Gods. 4. To introduce (something uttered); to preface. (Cf. ye.) 1635 Stafford Fern. Glory 55 She made two pawses usher her answer. 1637 C. Dow Answ. to H. Burton 159 Divine offices., must not bee curtail'd ,. by.. any newdevised formes of praier, either ushering, or following them. 1717 Popt Eloisa to Abtlard 32 Oh name for ever sad!.. Still breath'd in sighs, still ushered with a tear. 15. To lead, conduct, or direct (a thing) to some point. Ohs. rare. 1668 Culpepper & Cole tr. Barthol. Anatomy 11. x. 120 The External [membrane] . sticks close to the intermediate Ligaments .., and ushers along the recurrent Nerves. 1791 CowpER Iliad II. 649 Skill In ushering to its mark the rapid lance. 6. To introduce or bring into the world. 1679 C. Nesse .Antichrist 6 Harbingers .. to usher him into the world. 1713 Steele Englishm. No. 1. 5 The Jest., is ushered into the World by the loudest Laughter. 1756 IJ. Johnson in J. Duncombe/.err. (1773) HI. 38 You have done a great favour to the world in ushering so noble.. a work into it- 1835 Mahrvat J. Faithful i, It was about a year after the loss.., that I was ushered into the world. 1855 Brewster Newton II. xviii. 172 The theory he ushered into the world trails/. 1835 Marryat y. Faithful v, I am very nearly ushered into the next World. 7. to usher in: (see also i). a. To bring in (a banquet, meat, etc.) with ceremony. 16x3 Heywood Silver Age ii. i, Vsher me in a costly banquet straight To entertaine my Lord. 1706 E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 94 The Captain’s Bell calls him to usher in the Aople-dumplins. 1829 S. H. Cassan Lives Bps. Bath & Wells 262 The meat was ushered in. b. To inaugurate or bring in (a period of time). c 1600 Shaks. Somi. cxxxii. That full Starre that vshers in the Eauen. 1656 S. Winter Serm. 147 That so he might usher in the eiernitie of the world. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 276 The Morning being ushered in with .. Music. 1781 CowpER Hope 717 If chance.. A tempest usher in the dreaded morn. 1791 Smeaton Edystone L. §306 The year 1762 was ushered in with stormy weather. 1827 Longf. Life (1891) I. viii. 121 The day was 'ushered in’, as the newspapers say, by the firing of cannon. 1850 Tennyson In Mem. Ixxii, Dim dawn,.. Who usherest in the dolorous hour With thy quick tears. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 298 The French Revolution ushered in a new era of taste. c. = sense 2 d. 1641 Maisterton Serm. 18 An anteambulo to usher in a thousand pains. 1663 South Serm. (1717) V. 89 Every Fast portended some Villany, as still a Famine ushers in a Plague 169s J. Edwards Perfect. Script. 414 The Lord, who was to be usher’d m by Elijah the prophet. 1707 Curios, in Hush. & Card. 44 Flowers .. appear only to usher in the Fruit, or the Seed; afterwards they fade. 1712 Addison Sped. No. 363 f 18 That vision of Lewdness and Luxury which usher in the Flood, a 1721 Prior Many Daughters have done well 10 How welcome did that light appear Which usher’d in a form all Heav’nly fair. d. To mark the introduction, beginning, or occurrence of (an event, etc.); to introduce. 1646 J. Hall Horae Vac. 8 They generally usher in uproares in the State. 1650 R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Wars VII. 49 These punishments seemed only to usher in the Death of the two Counts. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 394 A convenient place to usher in a Commerce with the neighbouring country. 1784 Cowper Task iv. 23 But oh th’ important budget! usher’d in With .. heart-shaking music. 1801 Med.Jrnl. V. 231 Increased heats .. already described as ushering in the haemorrhage. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. x. 106 The symptoms.. bear a very strong analogy to those which usher in typhus. 1870 Freeman Norm. Conq. (ed. 2) I. 738 The event of 1018 .. was ushered in by a comet. e. = sense 4. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. ii. vi. §5 Their deliverance ^ Cyrus .. he ushers .. in with this preface that [etc.]. 1673 True Worship of God 8 These Sacrifices not only accompanying their Confessions..; but their Hymns and Doxologies also,.. to usher them in with more acceptance. 1699 Bentley Phal. 222 He would have usher’d the Word in with some kind of introduction. 1757 Gray Let. Poems (1775) ^52 All that ushers in the incantation from ‘Try' we yet..’, I am delighted with. 01763 W. King Lit. Polit. Anecd. (1819) 154 He was .. so unfortunate as to usher in his criticisms with [etc.]. 1814 Chalmers Evid. Chr. Revel, ii. ii, 1 he quotation is .. ushered in by the general words, ‘As it is written’. Hence 'ushering ppL a. 1628 [A. Leighton] Appeal to Parliament 145 Why breaketh out the fearfull wrath of God.. among us, but because of Baal-peor his ushering Ceremonies..? 1634 Milton Comus 279 Could that [xc. darkness] divide you from neer-ushering guides? 1820 Clare Rural Life (ed. 3) 32 That rural call..All noises now to silence lulls, In soft and ushering sounds.

t’usherage. Obs. rare, [f. prec. + -age.] The act of ushering or introducing; insertion. x66x Hickeringill 28 [An interstice] admitting not so much as the intermedium or usherage of a twig. 1662 -Apql. Distressed Innoc. Wks. 1716 I. 298 If the usherage of Sanctity cannot hand in their black deformities of Rapine.

t'usherance. Obs. [f. as prec. + action of introducing introduction. 1711

Shaktesb.

Charae.

HI.

or

-ance.] The

bringing

190 Our Author’s

in; First

1^‘iter .. occasion’d the revival of this abortive Piece, and gave Csherance to its Companions.

’usherer.

[f. usher

r.

US-NESS

+ -er‘.] One who or that

which ushers in; an usher or harbinger. with in. Occas. fig.

Also

Scourge of Villame ii. v. E 4 b, Codrus my well-tac d Ladies taile-bcarer, (He that some-times play'th Hauias usherer). 1640 Reynolds Passions xxxv. 424 'The Usherers m, or .Attendants and followers on the Grave, .Aire, Infirmity, Sicknesse. 1-1645 Howell Lett. iv. xxix. (1890) 607 lYue spiritual Pride, the usherer-in of all Confusions. 1824 Galt Rothelan II. iii. ii. i6 The Past is usherer to the Future. 1^2 Walt Whitman in Harper's Mag. April 709/2 I hee [ic. Death], envoy, usherer, guide at last of all.

ushe'rette. [f.

usher sb. + -ette.] A female usher in a cinema or theatre. 1925 College Humor Aug. 66/2 The obese usherette in the toney movie house who has to wear a different fancy dress costume every week. 1926 Bulletin 27 Feb. 2 Thirty beautiful girls., will receive visitors to., the Plaza, at its gening on Tuesday. They will be called ‘usherettes’. 1948 Times 24 Feb. 7/4 Will the usherette hush the little fellowcrying in the stalls, i960 M. Spark Ballad Peckham Rye vii. 136 She s an usherette at the Regal from six-thirty to tenthirtv. 1980 R. Butler Blood-Red Sun at Noon (1981) 11. i. 129 Nothing in her career as theatre usherette, conjuror’s assistant and night-club hostess had prepared her for this kind of life.

'ushering, 56. [f. as usher v. + -ingL] The action of the verb, in various senses. Also with in. 1588 Shaks. L.L.L. v. ii. 328 Nay he can sing A meane most meanly, and in Vshering Mend him w-ho can. a 1613 OvERBURY Characters, A Fine Gentleman, Afterwards he maintaines himselfe an implement of houshold, by carving and ushering, a 1693 Urquhart's Rabelais iii. xxx. 247 At the ushering in [F. I apport] of the Second Service, Panurge .. [n^de] a low Reverence. 1850 O. W’inslow Inner Life x. 273 The ushering in of that great event. 1851 Gallenga Haly i. 21 The ushering in of a new political phasis. 1866 Trollope Claverings ii, Even though he had earned that money by ‘ushering’ for the last two years.

'usherless,

a. [f. usher 56. -1- -less.] Lacking an

usher, herald, or harbinger.

In earlier use fig.

1598 Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. Handy-crafts 88 Where Usher-lesse, both day and night, the .. windes enter and goe forth. 1604 Marston Malcontent iv. v. Gj, There Vsherlesse the ayre comes in and out. 1815 Milman Fazio 80 Who art thou thus usherless and unbidden Scarest my privacy? 1883 J. Payn Thicker than Water II. xxix. 217 On the great staircase he met Mrs. Sotheran coming up usherless.

'usherment. rare-', [f.

usher v.

+

-ment.]

The fact of being prefaced, introduced, or ushered in. 1887 Saintsbury Hist. Elizab. Lit. ii. 46 These last.. do not come in with the somewhat ostentatious usherment and harbingery, which for instance laid the even more splendid bursts of Jeremy Taylor open to the sharp sarcasm of South.

'ushership. [f.

usher sb. -f -ship.]

2. A post or position as a (school-) usher. 1788 W. Cowper Let. 30 Nov. (1982) HI. 233, I was under his ushership at Westminster. 1825 Hone Every day Bk. I. 79 The son .. being put to school, obtained successive usherships. 1880 R. K. Dent Old ^ New Birmingham 79 Johnson having found the drudgery of an ushership.. too irksome for him.

tushing, var.

issue sb.

ishing vbl. sb. Obs.

(Cf.

tb. The celebration of the Eucharist. Obs. 1452 Paston Lett. I. 237 The seid servaunts. .knelyng to see the usyng of the Masse. 1454 Ibid. 280. e abbay of dunfermeling.

usufructuary (jurzjur'frAktjuiari), sb. [ad. late L. usufructudri-us, f. usufructu-s usufruct sb. Cf. Pg. usufructiiario, It. usufruttuario.'\ 1. Law. One who has the temporary use and reaps the fruits or profits of an estate, benefice, office, etc., legally belonging to another or others; one who enjoys the usufruct of a property, etc. a 1618 Raleigh in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 72 ususfructns is determined by the death of the 1658 Bramhall Consecr. Bps. viii. 186 He

The ordinary usufructuary. held all these Bishopricks .. as an Vsufructuary not as a true owner. 1692 Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. vi. 158 He, that has but the Crown, and the Revenues that belong to it, as an Usufructuary. 1710 Prideaux Draught of a Bill, Reasons 2 The Ministers are only the usufructuaries to receive the annual income. 1726 Ayliffe Parergon 86 The Parsons of Parishes are not in Law accounted Proprietors, but only Usufructuaries. 1790 Francis in Burke Corr. (1844) HI. 166 The Church.. whose property its usufructuaries very wisely said it would be sacrilege to invade. 1820 Ann. Reg. II. 718 The land-tax is not taken into account except for the proprietor or usufructary [i'lc]. 1868 Browning Ring & Bk. III. 159 A certain yearly sum,-our Pietro being, ..an usufructuary, —Dropped in the common bag as interest Of money, his till death. 1881 Disraeli in Daily Tel. 27 April, That all books.. [be] properly preserved by., the usufructuary thereof for the time being.

b. transf. and fig. a 1638 Mede Wks. (1672) 121 Because the whole land was holy, and God’s land, and they but Usufructuaries. 1648 Sanderson Serm. H. 24 God hath entrusted us with the., culture of our own hearts ..: the fruits wholly accrue to us, as usufructuaries. 1652 Needham Selden's Mare Cl. 483 What advantages.. are made by others, who of Usufructuaries [of the sea] by permission, have in design now to make themselvs absolute Lords of the Fee. 1702 J. Howe Self Ded. 27 God indeed is the only Proprietor, Men are but usufructuaries. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) 11. 150 We do not possess in property but only as usufructuaries, and we know the lading will be taken off our backs .. at the end of our journey through life. 1866 Alger Solit. Nat. ^ Man iv. 370 [To conform] to the will of God . .as its grateful executives and usufructuaries.

2. In general use: One who has the use or enjoyment of something.

of the Demean; nav, truly we can allow him to have the Usufruit for being Usufrictor [xic].

t 'usufruit. Obs. Also 5 Sc. vse-fruyt, 7 usufrute. [a. OF. (and F.) usufruit (13th c.), ad. late L. USUFRUCT 56.] = USUFRUCT I. 1478 Acta Dom. Cone. (1839) 13/1 Robert nor nane vt>eris .. has p€ vse fruyt of per wifis propir landis for per life tyme. 1547 Bk. of Marchauntes d iiij. Possession was .. adiugged to hym in hcrytage wyth y^ vsufruits of the tres growing ther. 01577 Sir T. Smith Commtu. Eng. iii. viii. (1589) 134 The husband shal haue the vsufruite of her landes. 1604 E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. xi. 240 The vsufruite was adiudged to him by sentence as the dicoverer [of the mine]. 1689 [see prec.]. 1728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Substitution, Certain Persons, who are likewise to have the Usu-fruit in their Times, but never the Property.

t usu'rarious, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. usurdri^us (see usuRARY a.) + -ous.] Usurious. 1623 R. Carpenter Conscionable Christian 14 Usurarious extorting State-spoyling money-mongers. 1646 J. Benbrigge Vsura Accom. 4 Such lending ought to be praised ..and in no case conceived to be Usurarious. 1660 Jer. Taylor Ductor i. v. rule vi. §i All usurarious contracts. Ibid. II. ii. rule vii. §7 If a common-wealth permits an usurarious exchange or contract.

t'usurary, Obs. rare. [ad. med.L. i/yurdrf-ui (Diefenb.): see next.] A money-lender. C1440 Alph. Tales 524 Som tyme in Colayn per was ane vsurarie. laid. 526 All pies vsuraries rase and went oute confusid.

t'usurary, a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. usurdri-us (whence It., Sp., Pg. usurario, F. usuraire), f. usura USURY sb.] Marked by the payment of interest; on which excessive interest is paid. 1649 Bp. Hall Cases Consc. i. 7 How odious.. usurary contracts have been in all times. Ibid. 13 Every increase by loan of money is not usurarie. 1678 Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. I. xxiv. §7 (1699) 124 That the Usurary Bond or Contract shall be reduced. 1693 Stair Instit. (ed. 2) ii. x. 331 That if it [sc. a lease] were in the Terms of the old Act, Pari. 1449. cap. 19. far within the true Avail, it were usurary and null.

t usure* sb. Obs. Also 4-5 vsere, 5 vsur, usur. [a. OF. useure (13th c.), usure (also AF. and F.), ad. L. usura (whence It., Sp., Pg. usura, Pr. uzura), n. of action f. us-us: see usury sb.] 1. The fact or practice of lending money at interest. Cf. usury 56. i. a 1325 Prose Psalter liv. 11 Usure [L. usura] and trecherie ne failed nou3t in his waies. [1382, 1388 Wyclif Ibid.] C1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 277 pat pe sotil vsure of riche clerkis & marchaundes be hurled out of lond. c 1400 Maundev. (1919) iii. 12 Men of Grece .. sey also pat vsure is no dedly synne. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 176 Thus they lyve.. wyth suche chevesaunce That men calle usure, to oure losse and hinderaunce. 1456 Sir G. Haye Law Armes (S.T.S.) 70 Thair digniteis, that thai have gottyn wrangwisly throu usur, scisme, or symony. c 1530 Pol., Rel. L. Poems (1903) 60 What is vsure, but.. a lawfulle thefe that tellyth ys entent. 1533 Bellenden Livy ii. xi. (S.T.S.) I. 167 J?is dett. .was ay duplyit on him be vsure and okkir. 1605 B. JoNSON Volpone l. i, I turne no moneys, in the public bank; Nor vsure priuate. Personif. 1362 Langl. P. PI. A. ii. 66 Hit witen. .pat I, Fauuel, feffe Fals to pat mayden Meede, ..With pe Yle of vsure And Auarice pe False. 1390 Gower Conf. H. 274 Upon the bench sittende on hih With Avarice Usure I sih.

b. A usurious act or practice. r. Tay/or Wks. 1838 III. 245 The ordinary graces bequeathed by Christ to his Church as the usufructuary property of all its members. 1880 Muirhead Gains ii. §30 So that the cessionary shall have the usufructuary right, he himself retaining the bare property.

f 1380 Wyclif 5c/. Wks. H. 207 bus God usurip for oure prow, for alle pingis.. he 3yvep us for pis eende. 1382Prov. xix. 17 He vsureth to the Lord, that hath reuthe of the pore. -Jer. xv. 10. 1530 Palsgr. 769/2 If our charyte were utterly parfyte, one christenned man shulde nat usure with an other.

t2. Holding or enjoying an office, etc., by usufruct. Obs.~^ X728 Chambers Cycl. s.v. Usufruit, The Incumbents of Benefices are only Usufructuary.

t usufruictor, -uor, obs. varr. usufructuary. 1689 Def. Liberty agst. Tyrants 107 At the least we may esteem him [sc. the king] Usufruictuor of the Kingdom, and

2. trans. rare-^.

To lend (money) at a premium.

1620 Brathwait Five Senses ii. 24 Oppresse I cannot, when 1 heare the Orphans teare... Vse mv money, but vsure it I will not.

usurer ('ju:2ju3r3(r)). Forms: a. 3-7 vsurer, 4-5 -ere, 5, Sc. 6 -ar; 5 usurere, 6~ usurer. 4-6 vserer, 5 -ere, 6-7 userer (6 uss-). [a. AF. usurer,

USURIOUS userer, = OF. usureor, ad. med.L. usurdrius USURARY sb. Cf. USURIER, and Sp. usurero, Pg. usurario. It. usurajo.] One who practises usury or lends money at interest; a money-lender, esp. in later use one who charges an excessive rate of interest. a. rx290 St. Magdalena 117 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 465 An vsurer was 3wilene, pat hadde dettores tweyne. 1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2611 Whan any vsurere was dede, pe cherche3erde pey hym forbede. 1377 Langl. P. PI. B. xi. 275 If prestes weren parfyt pei wolde.. nou3te [take] her mete of vsureres. C1410 Lantern of Light 132 In pis chirche ben vsureris, okureris, iourours. e quhilkis .. I will all vtrali be excludit and neuer to be herd in jugement na vtouth. 1496 Acta Dom. Cone. II. 23 Decerning the sammyn to be of nane availe .. in tyme tocum in jugment nor utouth.

utrack, etc.: see outrake, etc. tu'trality. nonce-word. [f. L. uter, utr-, which (of two), after neutrality.] Tendency to favour both sides; inclination towards either party. X642 W. Price Serm. 2 Apostacy and neutrality, or rather utrality (if you will pardon the word).

utraly, obs. Sc. var. utterly. utraquism ('ju:trDkwiz(3)m). [f. as next + -ism.] 1. Hist. (With capital initial.) The doctrine or tenets of the Utraquists. x86x Ld. Acton Lett. (1906) 186 In Bohemia Utraquism was the national faith. X892 Athenseum 2 Jan. lo/i From the dawn of Utrac^uism to its eclipse., in the disaster of the White Mountain in 1620.

2. The use or employment of two languages on an equal footing. rare~^. 1897 Speaker 10 April 392/2 The [Austrian] concession .. [sr. of officially recognising Czech] is spoken of as sanctioning ‘the utraquism of German and Czech’.

utraquist ('juitrskwist), sb. and a. With capital initial in specific uses. [ad. mod.L. Utraquista, f. L. utraque each, both (in the phrase sub utrdque specie ‘under each kind’: see species sb. 2, KIND sb. 13 b). Cf. -1ST, and F. Utraquiste.] A. sb. 1. Hist. = Calixtin i. 1836 Pop. Encycl. I. 814/1 Utraquists, a sect of Hussites in Bohemia. X855 Milman Lat. Chr. VI. 2^ They were called the Utraquists, as insisting on the Eucharist in both elements. x88x Stanley Chr. Instit. v. 95 When the Bohemian Utraquists fought with desperate energy to recover the use of the cup.

2. ‘One who composes in both Latin and the vernacular’(Webster, 1911).

UTRECHT

UTTER

372

B. adj. 1. Hist. Belonging to the Utraquists; demanding, insisting on, or advocating the receiving the Communion in both kinds. 1894 F. I. Antrobus tr. Pastor's Hist. Popes III. 214 The Utraquist Clergy. 1900 Pilot z’j Oct, 539/1 The Hussites .. were pre-eminently utraquist.

the verumontanum. 1888 Cassell's Encycl. Diet, s.v., There is a utricle of the male urethra.

b. In the cat: (see quot.). 1881 Mivart Cat 242 A small, ridge-like prominence, called the verum montanum, in the midst or which is a narrow, slit-like depression, named the utricle.

2. Speaking or using both or two languages.

utricular (ju:'trikjub(r)), a} [f. L. utricul-us

1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 686/1 The name Utraquist is still applied to certain districts or villages in Bohemia and Moravia., to convey that., both languages, Bohemian and German, are spoken.

small leathern bag, utriculus* -t- -ar*. Cf. F. utriculaire.'\ 1. Of the nature of, resembling or like, a utricle.

Hence 'utraquistic a. 1894 F. I. Antrobus tr. Pastor's Hist. Popes III. 216 This oath was thoroughly Catholic, and left no room for any Utraquistic interpretation.

Utrecht ('juitrekt, ’ytrext). Also Sc. 5 Vtt-, Out-, Owtrecht, Outrech, -rik, 7 Utrik. The name of a town and province in Holland, used attrib. in the sense ‘coined, made, etc., at Utrecht’, as t Utrecht gulden, noble. 1494 Halyburton's Ledger (1867) 52 An Vttrecht gudlyn and a Gentis gudlyn. 1497 Ibid. 125 Item lent hym..7 Outrecht guldynis. 1604 Extr. Burgh Rec. Stirling (1887) 108 Aucht haill Utrik nobles.

fb. ellipt. or as sb. A Utrecht gulden.

Obs.

1493 Halyburton's Let/ger (1867) 31 Item resauit fra him .. 3 Outrikis, price 4s. 1498 Ibid. 249 Gyffyn the Archden .. at his partyn, 10 Outrech... Som of thir Owtrechtis, 2 li. is. 8.

c. Utrecht velvet, a strong, thick kind of plush made of worsted, mohair, or mohair and cotton, used in upholstering furniture, carriages, etc.; furniture plush. 1848 H. R. Forster Stowe Catal. 252 Armchairs, covered with Utrecht velvet. 1897 Daily News 14 June 6/6 Green Utrecht velvet upholstered oak furniture.

t'Utrechted,Obs.-^ [f. prec. + -ed.] Having its seaward defences destroyed, as stipulated in the Treaty of Utrecht (1713). 1748 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 217 Dunkirk to remain as it is, on the land side; but to be Utrecht’d again to the sea.

utrely, obs. Sc. f.

utterly adv.

t'utricide. Obs.-^ [ad. L. utrictda, f. utri-s, uter leathern bottle, vessel of skin: see -cide i.] One who stabs an inflated vessel of skin. 1566 Adlington Apuleius 30 That I, after the slaughter of so many enemies,.. might embrace., not an homicide but an utricide. [1879 Lewis & Short, Utricida, one who cuts skins or bags in pieces, a skin-slayer, utricide.]

utricle* ('ju:trik(3)l). [ad. F. utricule (i8th c.), or L. utriculus utriculus*.] 1. Bot. A small sac or bladder-shaped body; a bottle-shaped part or structure. Primordial utricle: see primordial a. a. 1731 Miller Gard. Diet. s.v. Sap,

4 b. All Male Flowers that have Utricles at the Bottom of the Petala. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot. s.v. Vessels, Utricles, or little Bags; usually full of a green pulp. 1816 Keith PAyj. Bot. I. 349 The structure of the utricles of the tree is also said to be different from that of the utricles of the herb. 1875 Darwin Insectiv. PI. xvii. 419 The spherical glands were still white but their utricles were broken up. b. 1826-34 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 50/1 An utricle is a membranous, elastic pericarp. 1861 Bentley Man. Bot. 314 The Utricle is a superior, one-celled, one or few-seeded fruit. c. 1849 [see PRIMORDIAL a. 4b]. 1857 Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 495 The primordial utricle is a layer of substance of a dense mucilaginous consistence.., applied intimately to the inner surface of the cell-membrane of young cells [etc.]. 1875 Bennett & Dyer Sack's Bot. 62 The hydrostatic pressure which the vacuole-fluid exercises on the protoplasm [1882 primordial] utricle. d. 1858 Irvine British PI. 240 The Carex Tribe... Fruit without hairs at the base, enclosed in a peculiar envelope (utricle). 1897 Willis Flower. PI. II. 126 The axil of a second glume (the utricle) which closely enwraps it. e. 1874 Cooke Fungi 49 After the spores have become ripe, the free point of the utricle bursts. f. 1875 Darwin Insectiv. Plants xviii. 451 Found within the utricle or neck of one leaf.

2. Anat. and Biol. A small cell, sac, or bladder¬ like process. 1822 Good Study Med. IV. 603 Those utricles, or minute bladders of the cuticle containing a watery fluid. 1836-9 Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 413/2 Utricles floating loosely in the abdominal cavity. 1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 905 Microbacillus of the ‘peladic utricle’.

b. The larger of the two sacs membranous labyrinth of the ear.

in

the

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 239/1 The utricle, or sinus of the vestibule [in birds]. 1857 Holden Hum. Osteol. (ed. 2) 252 The utricle occupies the upper half of the vestibule. 1886 Bucks Ilandbk. Med. Sci. II. 563/2 The vestibular membranous labyrinth is divided into sacs: (i) the oblong utricle or.. common sinus [etc.].

3. gen. A small bladder-like body; a globule. 1858 Graham & Watts Elem. Chem. (ed. 2) II. 681 Vapour of sulphur, when it comes in contact with cold bodies, condenses in the form of utricles, that is to say, of globules composed of a soft external pellicle filled with liquid sulphur... This utricular condition has also been observed in selenium.

Utricle^. Anat. [ad. F. utricule^ or L. utriculus UTRICULUS^.] A small cul-de-sac in the prostatic portion of the urethra in man; the prostatic vesicle. 1861 Sir H. Thompson Dis. Prostate (ed. 2) 28 The Utricle .. is a small sac.. opening on the anterior aspect of

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. xviii. (1765) 211 Utricular, like little Bottles. 1775 Ellis in Phil. Trans. LXVI. 8 The Gorgonia.. has no series of utricular vessels, as the transverse vessels of wood are called by Malpighi. 1822 J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 92 The bottle encrinite, possessing a utricular form. 1856 W. Clark Van der Hoeven'sZool. I. 184 Body utricular, roundish, marked with transverse rugse. 1858 [see utricle’ 3]. 1881 Bentham in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 367 A single utricular glume enclosing the flower.

2. Composed of utricles or small bladders. 1835 Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 2) 5 Cellular, Utricular, or Vesicular tissue, generally, consists of little bladders., adhering together in masses. 1849 Henfrey in Rep. & Papers Bot. (Ray Soc.) 163 In such cases the cavities appear like utricles. This utricular structure [etc.].

u'tricular, a.^ [f. L. utricul-us little womb, etc. Cf. F. utriculaire.] Of or pertaining to the uterus or abdomen; uterine. (utriculus^) + -AR*.

1827 J. Forbes tr. Laennec's Dis. Chest (ed. 2) 58 The entrance and escape of the air through the wound gave rise to an extremely distinct utricular buzzing. 1857 Bullock Cazeaux' Midwif. 180 The utricular glands also become visibly enlarged. 1871 A. Meadows Man. Midwifery (ed. 2) 21 the lining membrane of the uterus.. appears to be made up of a countless number of small tubes, the utricular glands or follicles.

llUtricularia

(juitnkju'kana). PI. -ariae. [mod.L. (1737), f. L. utriculus*.] A genus of scrophulariaceous plants, character¬ ized by bearing small bladders at the margins of their leaves; bladderwort, hooded (water) milfoil; a species or plant of this. 1753 Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., Utricularia,.. the name of a plant used by Linnseus for., hooded water milfoil. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot. s.v. Folliculus, Follicles.. are vessels distended with air: as at the root in Utricularia. 1819 Rees' Cycl. XXXVII. 4 F 2/2 Almost every morning’s walk afforded them a new Utricularia. Ibid., Twenty-four UtricularisE, natives of New Holland alone. 1863 T. W. Higginson Out-Door Papers 278 The slender Utricularia, a dainty maiden whose light feet scarce touch the water.

utriculate (jui'trikjubt), a. rare. [ad. mod.L. utriculdt-us, f. L. utriculus utriculus*.] quots.)

(See

i860 Mayne Expos. Lex. 1318/1 Utriculatus, Bot. having the form of a small leathern bottle ..: utriculate. 1864 Dana in Webster's Diet. 1457/2 Utriculate, a., swollen like a bladder; inflated; utricular.

'utricule.

Bot.

rare~^.

[a.

F.

utricule: see

utricle*.] a small bladder-like sac or body. 1830 Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 240 The reservoirs of oil in the leaves of Labiatse.. are little utricules having an open orifice.

u'triculoid, UTRICULUS*

a. +

rare-^. [f. L. utricul-us Resembling a bladder;

-oiD.]

utricular. 1864 Dana in Webster's Diet. 1457. [Hence in later Diets.]

utriculoplasty (jui'trikjubu.plaesti). Surg. [f. utricul(us^ + -o + -PLASTY.] An operation to

reduce the size of the uterus by removing part of the uterine wall. 1910 Practitioner June 788 The operation of utriculoplasty as carried out by Howard Kelly. 1911 V. Bonney in Proc. R. Soc. Med. IV. (Obstetr. & Gynecol. Sect.) 272, I have ventured to apply to it the term ‘utriculoplasty’ as best describing its object. 1974 Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxviii. 68/2 Plastic repair of a bicomuate uterus (utriculoplasty) may be indicated in cases of recurrent abortion.

II utriculus* Gu^'trikjobs). [L., dim. of uter leathern bag or bottle: see -CULUS. Cf. Pg. utriculo.'\ 1. Bot. (See quots. and utricle* i.) 1753 Chambers' Cycl. Su^l. s.v.. The leaves of trees, whose cuticle has been eat off on one side by small insects, sometimes afford views of these Utriculi. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., t//ncu/i,.. utricles; reservoirs to secrete and receive the sap. 1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 346/1 Fruit [of grasses].. occasionally an utriculus. 1857 Henfrey Bot. 428 (Sedges), A single erect anatropous ovule, forming in fruit an utriculus. 1866 Treas. Bot. 1197/2 Utriculus,. .the two confluent glumes of Carex. 1885 Goodale Physiol. Bot. 346 Utricularia, a genus named from the utriculi or little bladders found on the dissected leaves of some of its species. 2. Anat. Of the ear; = utricle* 2 b. 1847 Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. II. 82 As the osseous canals open into the vestibule, so the membranous ones open at both ends into the utriculus. 1878 F. J. Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 535 The sacculus and utriculus contain otoliths.

I u'triculus'*. Anat. [L., dim. of uterus uterus: see -CULUS.] = utricle**. 1848 Brit. & For. Med.-Chirurgiral Rev. 1. 271 A canal, originating by the usual opening on the utriculus. C1848

Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 152/1 That the utriculus is a male uterus. 1893 D. J. (Cunningham Man. Pract. Anat. I. 609 This [small recess] is the sinus pocularis or the utriculus.

utriform ('ju:tnfo:m), a.

rare. [ad. mod.L. utriform-is (whence F. utriforme), f. L. utri-s, uter bag, bottle, etc.: see -form.] Having the shape of a leathern bottle. i860 Mayne Expos. Lex. 1318/2 Utriformis, . .swoln out and without apparent pedicle, as in the Lycoterdon utriforme: utriform. 1889 Quart. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XLV. s66 The zooecia.. have the exsert parts conical, or, again, they may be leathern-bottle-shaped (utriform).

utrique(ing, varr.

outreik(ing Sc. Obs.

li'utrum. Obs. or Hist. [L. utrum, neut. sing, of uter which, whether.] A writ authorizing the holding of an assize to decide the status of a property (see quot. 1728) Usu. in assize of utrum. C1290 Britton (1865) II. 206 La quarte assise est de 207 Le bref de Utrum pur le clerc. 1592 Rastell Law Terms, Vtrum is a writ and it lyeth when the right of any Church is aliened and holden in lay fee. 1728 Chambers Cycl. [following Cowell s.v. Assise de utrum]. Assize of Utrum, lies for a Parson against a Layman, or a Layman against a Parson, for Land or Tenement, doubtful whether it be in Lay-fee, or Free-alms. 1865 Nichols Britton II. 207 margin, Utrum, the parson’s writ of right. Ibid. 208 margin. No assize of Utrum for land belonging to cathedral or convent. 1881 Twiss Bracton (Rolls) IV. 622 [Assise] of Utrum may not be brought by a vicar for a small pension paid to a religious house. Ibid., Assise of utrum can never be taken upon a previous assise of utrum. Utrum. Ibid.

II ut supra (ut 's(j)u:pr3). [L., f. ut as + supra SUPRA adv., (a.), prep.] As previously, as before

(in a book or writing), as above. Also shortened ut sup. CI450 in J. Stainer Early Bodl. Music Sacred fef Secular (1901) I. no. Ixii, Chorus, vt supra What tydynges. 1520 R. Elyot in T. Elyot Governour (1880) 1. 31 o And the prest vi*! to synge ut supra. 1526 [see supr.a i]. 1651 T. Ireland Abridgment Rep. SirJ. Dyer 202 The going at large ut supra, is not an escape. 1668 [see supra i]. 1875 Paley & Sandys Select Private Orations Desmosthenes I. 164/1 He let the arbitrators give judgment against him by default (compare Mid. ut sup.) and then moved for a new trial. 1959 E. Pound Thrones xcviii. 43 That the books you read shall be Cheng King Ut supra. Songs

utt, utter, obs. ff.

out, udder.

'utter, sb.

Mech. [See quot. 1879.] pi. Indentations or marks made on a surface by the vibration or too great pressure of a tool. 1853 O. Byrne Artisan's Handbk. 351 Excessive pressure .. only fills the work with furrows, or produces an irregular indented surface, which by workmen is said to be full of utters. 1879 Holtzapffel Turning IV. 342 Fine lines or striae, also called ‘utters’,.. from the sound emitted by the work when in vibration against the tool.

Utter ('At3(r)), a. Forms:

a. i utera, uterra, utra, 4-6 vter. Sc. 6 vtir, utyr, 6, 9 uter. /3. 2 uttera, uttra, 3, 6 uttre, 4-6 vttre, 4- utter (4-6 uttir, 5 uttere); 4-7 vtter (4 otter, 5 outter, vttere, 6-7 Sc. wtter), 4-6 vttur, 5 vtture, vttir, 4 vttyr. [OE. utera, uterra, uttera, uttra, etc. (also ytera, ytra, yttra) adj. (comparative formed on ut out adv.), = OFris. utera, uttera, uttra, MLG. utere, uter (LG. uter, iiter), MDu. utere (Du. uiter-), OHG. uzero, uzaro (MHG. uzer, G. dusser), also ON. ytri, MSw. ytre, etc. (Sw. yttre), Norw. ytre. Da. ydre. Cf. outer a.

Shortening of the original u of the stem is normal before the group ttr, which in OE. was regularly developed from tr.]

I. 1. a. That is farther out than another (implied or distinguished as inner)', forming the exterior part or outlying portion; relatively far out, outward, external, exterior; also, indefinitely remote. Cf. outer a. i. Now only poet. In very frequent use from c 1400 to c 1620. App. in disuse 1670-C 1825, except in utter bar, barrister (see bar sb.^ 24, barrister’). a. ^7901 i^LFRED Laws c. 44 § I 5if Sset uterre [r.rr. utre, uttere] ban bi6 I?yrel. 13.. [see i b]. 1507 Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 292 The Kingis offerandis in the utir kyrk. *535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) III. 48 Suppois than of that toun The vter wallis w'in war and put doun. 1592 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 753/1 Lie uter port de Halyrudhous. 1887 Jamieson's Suppl. 257/2 The uter door. B. CI125 [see a], f 1374 Chaucer Troylus iii. 664 (Camb. MS.), In Hs vttir [v.rr. vtter, outter] hous. 01400-50 Bk. Curtasye 444 in Babees Bk. 313 For lordys two beddys schalle be made, Bothe vtter and inner. C1435 Chron. London (Kingsford, 1905) 40 By the hemme off the kyngis cote, vndir his vttir garnement. 1471 Paston Lett. III. 20 Opyn the cofyr that standyth in the utter chambyr. 1526 Tindale Matt. xxv. 30 Cast that vnprophetable servaunt into vtter dercknes. 1542 Boorde Dyetary iv. (1870) 239 If there be an vtter courte made. 1578 Lyte Dodoens 752 An ounce of the utter barke taken with wine. 1614 Sylvester Little Bartas 432 Earth’s but a Point, compar’d to th’ upper Globe; Yet, who hath seen but half her utter Robe? i66i P. Gordon Diary (Spalding Club) 49 Whilst my servants were cleansing the inner room, he breake downe the oven in the utter roome. 1667 Milton P.L. vi. 716 Drive them out From all Heav’ns bounds into the utter Deep. 1827 Pollok Course T. ix. 1180 They heard. Afar to left, among the utter c

UTTER dark, HcH rolling o’er his waves of burning fire. 1848 Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 107 From Time’s last orb which eyes niie inner and the utter infinite. 1870 J. Payne Masque of Shadows Ded., Whoso is fain To enter in this shadow-land of mine, He must forget the utter summer’s shine. fig. 1608 B. JoNSON Masques Wks. (1616) 934 I,..who haue ncucr touch'd so much as to the barke, or vtter shell of any knowledge. 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades ii. 147 So high a strain arose As trembled on the utter verge of being.

b. Freq. with partitive terms, as \deal, end, part, \party, and esp. side. Also fig. Now rare. ^1300 Cursor M. 9912 pis castell.. es painted a-bute pe vtter [Gott. vterj side. ci340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 4815 be world sal bryn on ilk syde,.. Until t>e utter end of alle helle. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 59 For betynge of veynes is bettre i-knowc in >»e vttre parties of bodies pan ynward. Ibid. VI. 251 be utter deel of his oost. c 1400 Beryn 3928 [He] had a mantell..; The vttir part of purpill. 1457 Cot'. Leet. Bk. 298 The newe Crosse vppon the heth at the vtter syde of theyre fraunchice. 1508 Bk. Keruynge A iv. The vtter ende of the clothe on the vtter syde of the table. 1526 Tindale Matt, xxiii. 25 Ye make dene the vtter side off the cuppe, and off the platter. 1577 B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. 21 b, A little rayne falling, hath but wette the vtter part, and not gone deepe. 1629 Sir W. Mure True Crucifixe 485 Like painted Tombs who dense the vtter side, [Cf. Matt, xxiii. 27J. 1637 Rutherford Lett. (1671) 183 For two feathers or two straws of the devil’s painted pleasures, onely lustred in the utter side. 1848 Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 59, I have looked down upon the utter side Of such thoughts from the leeming room of reason. t2. a. = OUTER a. 2. Obs. egoo tr. Baeda's Hist. iv. xiii. (1890) 304 pset heo seolfe waeron je on p®m nearran [r.r. inneran] godum, je on p«m utteran [r.r. uttran] mid heofonlice jife seweljade. r 1000 Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) xv. 7 b^ah he me para uterrena jewinna jefreode, peah winna5 wi8 me pa inran unrihtlustas. a 1225 After. R. 92 Hwo se 3emeleasiiche wite6 hire uttre eien,.. heo ablinde8 in pe inre eien. 1357 Lay Folks' Catech. (L.) 330 The be-houys to know- py fyue wyttys pe vttyr and pe ynnyr. C1386 Chaucer Sec. Nun's T. 498 (Camb. MS.), Teere lakkyth no thyng to thyn vtter lyen. 1398 Trevisa Barth De P.R. iii. ix. (1495) 54 The vtter wytte conteyneth the syghte,.. taaswnge and towchynge. C1450 tr. De Imitatione ill. xiv. 82 For pe utter enemy is sonner ouercomen, if pe ynner be destroied.

fb. utter man, = outward a. zc. (Cf. outer a. 2 b.) Obs. a 1050 Liber Scintill. x. (1889) 53 b®t ys fullfremed & Sesceadwislic fjesten p«nne ure mann uttra fast, se inra jebitt. a 1340 Hampole Psalter ix. 20 bat.. pe utter man haf noght maistry of pe inere. c 1380 Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 53 bis is bifore spiritual joy, as utter man is bifore spiritual. 1388 -2 Cor. iv. 16 Thou3 oure vtter man be corruptid. 1565 Jewel Reply Harding 430 Simple folke, beinge not hable to discerne, what thinges they be in the Holy Scriptures, that are to be applied to the Inner Man, and what to the Vtter. t3. = OUTWARD a. 4. Obs. a 1225 Ancr. R. 4 Ye schullen alles weis.. wel witen pe inre & pe uttre [re. riwle] vor hire sake. 01275 tbid. 420 note (Cotton MS.), UnderstondeS pet of alle peose pinges nis nan hest ne forbot; for alle ha beo6 of pe uttere riwle, pet is lute strenc6e of. 1526 Tindale Jo/in vii. 24 Judge not after the vtter aperaunce. 1548 Hoby in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. App. Y. 80 He .. is even now .. as content to the utter shew, as he was at any time of his most prosperity. 1558 Bp. White Ibid. III. App. Ixxxi. 279 You in time of divine service, do ..both in heart and utter gesture.. adore the same flesh. 1563 Homilies 11. Place Of Time of Prayer 282 Strayghtly to obserue and kepe the vtter ceremonyes of the Saboth-day. 1593 Nashe Christ's T. R 4 b, Lyke the Geometritians, they square about poynts and lynes, and the vtter shew of things.

II. 4. a. Going to the utmost point; extreme, absolute, complete, entire, total. In very frequent use from c 1515. ri430 Generides (Roxb.) 3040 This wer to vs., an vttir shame for euermore. 14.. Lydgate's Thebes 4122 (MS. Laud Misc. 557, fol. 58). It were to hem a perpetual! shame, An vtter [t'.r. outre] hyndryng vnto Grekes name. 'sshyng and undoyng of a great nombre of the Kynges owne naturall Subjectes. 1560 Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 40 To the vtter destruction of the common wealthe. 1591 Shaks. j Hen. VI, v. iv. 112 The vtter losse of all the Realme. 1667 Milton P.L. hi. 308 Thou hast.. quitted all to save A World from utter loss. 1674 Jackson s Hecant. B i b. Turn’d out of Doors, to their utter ruin and destruction. 1772 Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) I. 408 The utter ruin of their city .. was foretold. 1827 Keble Chr. Y., nth Sunday after Trinity v. Full many a soul.. To utter death that hour shall sweep. 1841 Miss Mitford in L'Kstrange Life (1870) III. viii. 125 Dark depression and utter failure of intellect. 1846 Mrs. A. Marsh Father Darcy 11, xxi. 359 The utter destruction of all reverence for the unseen.

373 c. Of answers, decisions, etc.: Given without reserve or qualification; unmodified, decisive, definite. In early use chiefly Sc. 1456 Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 173 As for utter ansuere to this questioun,.. lawc and gude faith avidis that .. he is behaldm [etc.]. 1472 5ronor Papert (Camden) I. 126 But and [* if] ye.. conceyve pat shce hath yoven you an utter nay. 15x5 Q. Marg. in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 127 Send me 3our uter mynd and ansuer in all thyng. 1560 Rolland Seven Sages 33 This is my vtter minde and will. That 3e prepair [etc.], a x6oo Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxxii. 86 3our vter ansueir courteously I crave. 1647 Clarendon Hist. Reb. viii. §15 The utter refusal of the auxiliary regiments of London and Kent to march farther. 1828-32 Webster s.v.. An utter refusal or denial.

d. Of darkness, etc.: Complete, absolute. 159^ Shaks. j Hen. IV, iii. iii. 42 But thou..wert indeede, but for the Light in thy Face, the Sunne of vtter Darkenesse. 18x4 Wordsw. Excurs. vii. 357 Then, shall the slowly-gathering twilight close In utter night. 1825 Scott Talism. v. They blew out their lights at once, and left the knight in utter darkness. 1830 Tennyson Confess. Sens. Mind 95 What if Thou .. seest me drive Through utter dark a full-sailed skiff Unpiloted. x868-Lucretius 70 Then, from utter gloom stood out the breasts, .of Helen.

e. Pure; unalloyed. rar€~^. 1875 Morris ^neis ix. 262 Two cups of utter silver wrought.

f. As a trivial emphasizer. 1898 G. B. Shaw You never can Tell iv. 308 Certainly not. It’s utter bosh. Nothing can be in better taste. 1914Misalliance 33 You are the only really clever, man I know who has given himself away to me by making an utter fool of himself with me. X930 N. Coward Private Lives iii. 78 You’re talking utter nonsense! 1956 Times 3 Jan. 3/6 Professor Richard van der Riet Woolley, the newly appointed Astronomer Royal, said.. that the prospect of interplanetary travel was ‘utter bilge’.

5. a. Of persons: That is such to an absolute degree; out-and-out, complete, ‘perfect’. In early use, usu. with ‘enemy’; in 19th c., freq. with ‘stranger’. c 1420 Lydg. Assembly of Gods 594 He hathe be euer myn vtter enemy. X555 J. Bradford in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) HI. App. xlv. 131 That he shoulde be..the Kinges utter enemye. X560 Daus tr. Sleidane’s Comm. 82 b. Their moste vtter and mortall ennemie. 1633 G. Herbert Temple, Method vii, Those Who heare not him, but quickly heare His utter foes? 1662 Trenchfield Chr. Chym. 39 Julius Cjesar having taken .. the Cabinets of Pompey and Scypio his utter enemies. X678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 163 Ye be utter strangers to me; I know you not. 1828 Scott F.M. Perth xiii, Some of them are yet utter heathens, a X845 Hood Lamia vi. 80 And thou wilt.. say the outer woman is utter woman, And not a whit a snake! X849 Lever Con Cregan xviii. To win some acknowledgment of confidence from an utter stranger. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) HI. 70 The persons.. are utter rogues,

b. ellipt. (in affected use). i88x S. Gilbert Patience ii, (The Officers have some difficulty in maintaining their constrained [aesthetic] attitudes.).. Ang. Oh, Saphir, are they not quite too all-but? Saph. They are indeed jolly utter. X882 H. S. Leigh Strains fr. Strand 5 You and I have been together Dining up at Eaton Square. Pretty creature, tell me whether All was not ‘quite utter’ there. Ibid. 131 My wife has gone ‘utterly utter’.

fb. a. Uttermost, utmost. Obs. Freq. in Sc. use in i6th cent., with power. 15x3 Douglas ^neis ix. ix. r6 Quham to assaibe,.. all the Italianis At vtir power ombeset atanis. 1533 Bellenden Livy I. iv. (S.T.S.) I. 30 husbandis wald gif I>are vter besines..to recovir baith [etc.]. 1576 Fleming Panopl. Epist. 59 My request, which y* you wold accomplish to my utter expectation, we..beseech you most earnestly. 1590 Hecuba's Mishaps in T. Fenne Frutes Ff 2 b. When that I had .. shewed my utter might.

fb. Ultimate, original. Obs.-^ X634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 144 They haue neuer altered the Dialect [of Persia] from its vtter sence, at this day being cald Pharsee.

t?. Final; last. Obs.~^ X558 Phaer JEneid ii. Diiib, Our vtter houre is comen alas, fell destinies death hath brought.

8. the utter, that which is utter or extreme; = UTTERMOST a. J, UTMOST a. 5, 5 b. rare. X584 Raleigh Lei. in Aubrey Lives (1898) II. 192 Readie to countervaile all your courtesies to the utter of my power. 1894 Athen^m 29 Sept. 418/1 Nothing suits him but the utter. His heroine is ‘beautifully modelled’ [etc.].

III. Combs, (hyphened, or as one word): utter-bark, -brass, -court, -deal (deal sb.^ i d), -end, -gate, -room, -shape (see sense 3), -side; utterward (see ward sb.^ 14 c); also (quot. c 1440); utter-wit, knowledge of things external to one. 1398 Trevisa Barth De P.R. v. xxx. (Bodl. MS.), pe vtterdele Jjereof is dene and bright. *h)i' ar^J n'HirrM- in# r^'av of thit frtiir#* h. 'To arifKiuriM' for nalc; < iiuntir*ai nwmiw'r oi prnf I rnil/l y/ju j,Minoi- 'Luhlr lath fi884J 253 .Man only /an ufo-r /.onnonantn. 1863 W. (' Mai-I/win ,d/r Uunltrtf(ii 4/^ One linn - ultere/J a fier/e r//ar jtfi and tran*j SiiAKh Mat*. N. IV. 11. 44 And m/>*t /leare A/t/>r*, /-ate no Onion*, imr Oarinke; f//r wee are to vtlc'f *weete hreath. 1874 l< Mnr manan /*orl. Ill loh l.'nto rm* all *ea*on* ufl vil/'i /•rinm akainat the P/ii/l, 1616 Sm W, Mmti' Mm. Poitm xvii. h A rmimnink myml, tinlmli lain wnhl wllei . ’I'lm lale*l /liitye* of a /lulehill heit 1667 Mil I/IN t*.L. 1 h/h 'I'll' event wa* /lire, A* till* |ilai e f/•*llh/'*, ami tin* /In/- / hiink»‘ Mal/'liil in iitl/'i, lynt Hill'll’ '!alli't N/i / [f {, I mu*i not ino*lilijn- th/l/iheial Hij/'me* *// lai, a* not to uti/'i th/ 'riiiili in /iioe* w)mh|i'l/ I I75N Am. Art Hhual IV, 91 Hfi thi* mienbe (|e*ire iiltere/l il*i'|) in the , , (rife) of fub re*urre< lion. 10. a. tntr. 'I'o cxcrcibc tfic I'jk iilty of'«p1 ( oilliav I Mhiill y 1.11 oillrr .itiil miy. 1576/; llAKI 1. f.i'ini'i’K 'li'ivi.lf ../ Ilnilili itji I,. Mrlli.niuh, uttrnn,^ and wrytiiiK lliiiac nicdy. itn-«, , , idhrmctli 15II7 i My lii'iiilditii.. wmi mi Kii'iii lor 11 Irw iiiiiiiiii'i. llnit I (onld inn iill.'i iHmi ( III i.vi'V III (■ (11,04) I, 3yH Wi.i.ii.rii , ii< 1 limr liy Illy iiiili-, liiil liiia iint nili.|i.d yrl nin li ia ilia anipiiai-, iHlij Hi' Wii iiiiiiinn i' in /,i/..(i«Ha) III. I llnidi il innl.iilili. WI' alnill nlii'r now on llir Vi'aliin iita id llii' Miiiiaii'i, 1H70 Mihii MiiiiiininiiN Uni m I, 141 Ynn iiiiiy an li^ 11 pi'ianii (in' linina inid iii'vi'i' iiin r In llicnil iH^K irtilin. (.ti'j All,,, ijI Nnl 11 word wiia, id 1 onrar. apolicii liy llir ini'ii aiivi' iihmlini id noil , ,, mid iia Ini ilic woiiii ii, ,, ilii'y III'VI'I iiili'ii'il III nil. Irmitf ,H73 Miaa ’I'iiai 111 iiav 01,1 K,.,1111111111,1 ii, Hm r. d vine i-a lliiil will iili.'i III li.'i' iliiiiii,!li lili'. I). ()i wui'ilii, ell',: 'I 'o !,(' H|)ol Wiiiniaw. /'.c/in/r v. no Wlnlr iliia win llllroll,!. I wmnl.'lril nnl. |H57 | IIaMII.ION l.rlliilli /,. til Kl'itf (I'l Wtahi'H lliiil ( inniol lir lllldri ntiiod, mnl woida dull will lint nil.-I I Ic'iK «' ‘iiiicrlii^ fi/il, 11, iKiH Ki'A’iii l‘.,t,ly„i. 111 .(75 'I’Inil my worila mil linin 'riirar iilli'iiiiK lipa, wlilli- I 111 . idiii apm li irll |i'l. .|, I ullcr, i>.*

Ohs.

ituhn r, cl I . (A I'

ran',

(u.

OI*‘.

utrrr, nutn'r,

ti/ln't), lu i rtiHM, 11 itvci hc, cx< en Vlixes, with vtterans vne vpponone, The derfe wordis of Diamede dullit with speche. Ibid. 5808 Vlixes with vtteraunse vnder his shild Mony stithe in stoure stroke on l>ere helmes. 1430-40 Lydg. Bochas IX. 3221 In tokne that God his quarel wolde auaunce, Disconfiture was maad on that partie, Vpon King lohn be violent vttraunce. 1470-85 Malory Arthur vii. v. 218 It doth me good to fele your myght and yet my lord I shewed

UTTERER not the vtteraunce. e, Acc utterrlike.

t 'utterly, a. Obs. rare. Also 3 -liche. [f. utter a. + -LY^. Cf. MHG. uterlik, MDu. uterlic (Du. uiterlijk), MHG. uzerlich (G. dusserlich). Da. yderlig, Sw. ytterlig, extreme, excessive.] 1. Open, manifest; = openly a. 12.. Ancr. R. 344 To eueriche preoste mei ancre schriuen hire of swuche openliche [v.r. utterliche] sunnen.

2. Absolute, extreme; final. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xciv. 424, I clad my seruaunte, that is, my manhode, nought but to vtterly vtilite and necessite. 1553 Gresham Let. in S.P. For. Edw. VI, XII. fol. 37 (P.R.O.), Plenttye of merchauntes wythe-owght exsperyence and substaunce ys the vttyerly [jfc] distruccioune of anny Realme.

UTTERMORE poyntis. 1450 Fastolf in Paston Lett. 1. 155 Yff the wydow wolle sylle it.., sendyth me utterly word, for I wolle not melle of it ellys thus avysed. 1539 Bible Luke iv. 23 Ye wyll utterly saye unto me this proverbe. 1558-9 Act 1 Eltz. c. i §9, I A. B. doo utterly testifie and declare in my Conscience, that the Quenes Highnes is [etc.].

fb. Truly, verily, indeed. Obs. rare. C1400 Beryn 848 For vtterlich to have a child was a) hir delite. 1526 Tindale i Cor. vi. 5 Ys there vtterly no wyse man amonge you? Ibid. 7.

2. In a complete or utter manner; to an absolute or extreme degree; altogether, entirely, absolutely; fully, thoroughly, out and out. In very frequent use from c 1400 with a-form. a. C1374 Chaucer Troylus ii. 710 If I wolde vttirly his sight fie. c 1380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 280 pat is vterly a3enst goddis biddynge. 01400-50 Alexander 1472 We er vtterly vndone. C1430 Syr Tryam. 271 Marrok thoght utturly To do the quene a velanye. C1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxiv. 514 The persans shall be now vtturli discomfyted. 1528 Roy Rede me cij, Par case they will nott admitt But vtterly make resistence. 1568 Grafton Chron. 11. 283 They with in the Towne perceauing they were vtterly without reliefe. 1593 Sidney's Arcadia iv. (1922) II. 117 Ah of all sides utterly ruined Philoclea, said she. 1615 G. Sandys Trav. 92 The suburbes.. are vtterly razed. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvi. 150 The Common-wealth faileth, and is Utterly dissolved; as a building whose Foundation is destroyed. 01700 Evelyn Diary 23 March 1688, The French Tyrant.. utterly taking away their estates, and their children. 1706 Pope Let. to Wycherley 10 April, Pray let me know your mind in this, for I am utterly at a loss. 1766 Goldsm. Vicar xxviii, They will not be utterly forsaken. 1844; Kinglake Eothen v. The lowly grave .. has closed over all his rich fancies... He is utterly married! 1865 Kingsley Herew. xxxvi, Torfrida turned herself utterly to serv’e the Lady Godiva. 1871 Tylor Prim. Cult. I. 370 Men who so utterly believe that [etc.]. 1883 Whitelaw Sophocles, Ajax 519 My life hangs utterly on thee. |8. 1375 Barbour Bruce lii. 196 Then wtraly wencusyt is he. C1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Mathias) 115 Quhene he vyst wtrely, J^at it wes swa. C1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1. xvi. 1556 (Cott. MS.), Men may trow ful werraly. And mystrow f>is ful vttraly. c 1470 Henry Wallace xi. 1377 So wttraly it suld beyn at his will, c 1520 M. Nisbet N. Test, in Scots (S.T.S.) III. 269 And vtralie the fire tuichet nocht thame. 1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 51 The fatt syde..hes throuch leinnes bene vtirlie deformet.

b. Freq. with verbs of perishing, refusal, etc. (0) C1375 Sc. Leg. Saints iii. (Andreas) 430 pat thinge restoryt is but wene, pat uterly periste has bene. C1380 Wyclif Last Age Ch. (1840) 29 Petir pe Apostle.. my3te not uttirly distrie Symoun Magus, but bi helpe of Poul. 0 1400 Chast. Goddes Chyld. 20 They falle in to perylle of deth or elles utterly they lityll and deye. 1456 Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 175 That he be in perile to be maid outhir crepill,. .or to dee utterly. 1538 Starkey England 19 Ther be men wych .. affyrme.. euery one in hys secte to be sauyd, and non to perysch vtturly. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. II. (1586) 69b, It vtterlie destroyeth them. 1611 Bible 2 Peter ii. 12 They..shall vtterly perish in their owne corruption. 1631 Gouge God's Arrows in. §1. 181 Gods purpose against Amalek .. was utterly to root him out. 1711 Addison Spect. No. 124 If 2 Millions of Volumes, that would be utterly annihilated. 1816 Shelley Daemon 562 For what thou art shall perish utterly, i860 Tyndall Glaciers i. 98 It would be utterly destroyed before reaching the bottom. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. §3. 287 Literature indeed seemed .. to have died as utterly as freedom itself. (b) 1422 Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 188 Thou shalt wythstonde a losengeoure vtreli. C1450 tr. De Imitatione ni. xxxvii. 107 Sonne, l?ou maist not haue parfit liberte, but J>ou denye l?iself utterly. 1477 Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 66 He refused hit utterly. 0 1513 Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 370 But peas was to theym vtterly denyed. 1558-9 Act i Eliz. c. I §9 Therfore I doo utterly renounce and forsake all forraine Jurisdiccions. 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. 163 Whitgift..in the presence of the Queen utterly refused it. 1695 Ld. Preston Boeth. in. 145 Fire doth utterly refuse any such Division. 1801 Med.jfrnl. V. 571 By utterly denying their origin from dentition, he has equally departed from truth. 1855 Kingsley Westw. Ho! xxvii. She refused utterly to sing anything but the songs and psalms.

c. Qualifying adjs. (Freq. from c 1660, esp. with words implying negation, defect, or opposition). 139s Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 24 [It] is vttirli vnleful. 14.. in Hist. Coll. Citizen London (Camden) 123 Every subgett. .shall be utterly fre. C1489 Caxton Blanchardyn 138 His suster..was vttyrly fayre. 1553 Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 5 One not vtterlye ignoraunt hereof. 01586 Sidney Arcadia in. xviii, The one [knight] was utterly unable to defend himselfe. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. in. 206 That all warres were utterly unlawfull. 1662 Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. n. ii. §i It was utterly impossible. 1728 Morgan Algiers 11, iv. 274 That of which he was utterly ignorant. 1777 R. Watson Philip II (1793) II. xiv. 23 The limitations.. were utterly repugnant to Philip's temper. 1815 Shelley Alastor 660 When heaven remained utterly black. 1844 Thirlwall Greece VIII. Ixii. 173 An utterly hollow pretext. 1871 B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. i. v. 69 There the utterly deepest bottom is. 1879 F. Harrison Choice of Bks. i. It is.. of utterly no importance.

Utterly ('Atali), adv. Forms: a. 3- utter-, 3-6 vtter- (5 Sc. wtter-), 4-6 vttir-, 4-5 uttir-, 5-6 uttur-, 6 ottorly; also 3-5 -liche, 4-5 -lich, -li (5 -le), 6-7 -lie, -lye. p. 4-5 vterliche, 4 uter-, 4-5 vterly (6 -lie), 4 vtyrly {Sc. wtirly), 6 vtirlie, -ly, vturlie; 4-5 vtrely, -li. Sc. wtrely, 5 wttrely, 4-5 wtraly, 5 vtraly, vtt-, wtt-, uttraly. [f. utter a. + -LY*. Cf. MLG. uterlike, -liken, MDu. uterlike, -lijc, -lie (Du. uiterlijk), MHG. uzerliche, -lich (externally, etc.), ON. litarliga (far out); also ALL-utterly, outerly advs.] 11. Without reserve or extenuation; sincerely, truly, plainly; straight out, straightway. Obs.

tuttermore, a. and adv. Obs. Forms: 4-5 vtter-, etc., vtirmere (6 Sc. -maire), 5-6 -mer; 4-7 -more, 5 vttermor. [f. utter a. + -more. Cf. ON. utar meirr, MSw. yttermere (Sw. ~mera. Da. ydermere), and outermore a.] A. adj. 1. More outward, remoter, farther removed; exterior, outer (opp. to inner).

u 1225 After. R. 206 Ine 3uwe6e me deS wundres: gulche hit ut ine schrifte, utterliche. Ibid. 314 3if he nefde iseid mterliche pet ilke ping pet he dude ine childhode, he were among pe uorlorene. CI330 Arth. & Merl. 8615 (Kolbing), Ich 30U sigge vterliche, bei in pis warld war non oper swiche [etc.]. CI380 Wyclif Wks. (1880) 213 Whanne it IS reserued to pe holy gost to 3eue vtterly conseil in special

1382 Wyclif Matt. xxii. 13 His hondis and feet bounden, sende 3ee hym into vttermore derknessis. 14.. Wycliffite Bible Ezek. xlvi. 21 Wher thei shuln say sacrifice, that thei here not out in to the vtmer [v.r. vttermore] house. C1520 M. Nisbet Matt. viii. 12 [They] salbe castin out into vtirmaire mirknessis. 1565 Raynatd's Byrth Mankyndep. li. The seconde or vttermer infolder of the bottome of the

UTTERMOST

377

matrix, a 1608 DtE hriat. Spirits i. (1659) 249 The foresaid letter,.. and moreover,. the C-opy of the Emperour’s letter, all in one uttermore paper closed (Letter like). 1610 Holland Camden's Brit. i. 701 The two Pyramides in the middest. did almost touch one another: the uttermore stand not far off.

2. Very great; utmost,

rare-'.

*3®^ YCLiF Exod. XX, iSAIthe puple .. ferde and smitun togidere with vttermore drede.

3. External; secular; lay. rare-'. 1395 Pi BVEV Remonstr. (1851) 138 It were bettere to him that ertheli dedes constreyniden him to deth, vndir vttirmore other worldli abide.

4. = OUTWARD a. 4. rare-'. a 1420 l\‘yciiffite Bible Prov. iii. 3 margin^ Temperaunce and oneste in vtirmere conuersacioun.

B. adv. Farther outward,

rare—'.

*4*4 •b Pol. Poems 58 \\ hanne ye han made pes wip-ynne •All youre reme in vnyte, Vttere-more ye mot bygynne.

Uttermost ('Atamast), a. (sb.). Forms: see utter a.; also 4- -most, 5-7 -moste, 6 -moost; 4-5 -mest, -meste, 4-6 -mast, 5-6 -maste, 6 Sc. -maist; 4-5 vttre-, 5 vttrmest, 6 uttirmuste. Sc. utermost(e, vtermast. [f. utter a. + -most. Cf. outermost a.] 1. 1. Outermost; farthest out or off; remotest; = UTMOST a. I a, OUTMOST a. I. In frequent use c 1385 c 1630. Now somewhat rare. *3 .. Coer de L. 2911 [He swore] But yff it were i-brought adoun Be noon, the uttermeste wall. He scholde hym hew to peses small. 13 .. Prose Psalter cxxxiv. 7 (Dublin MS.), )je ottermast endes of (lerpe. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. in. X*- (1495) 67 Thv vttermest sydes and partyes of the tongue. *486 Bk. St. Albans aviij. The vttermest Glees ye shall call the Pety Sengles. 1585 Lupton Thous. Notable Th. (1660) ^ The uttermost or last joint of the tail. 1632 Lithgow Trav. 1. 23 It reacheth .. to the vttermost bounds of the Dutchy of Ferrara. 1651 Hobbes Ler iath. in, xxxviii. 248 From the uttermost parts of the Earth. 1667 Milton P.L. vn. 256 To the uttermost convex Of this great Round. 1819 Shelley Mask of .4narchy Ixvii, From the corners uttermost Of the bounds of English coast. 1872 Blackie Lays Highl. Introd. 49 To indulge in the flight to uttermost Unst.

tb. Of garments or other UTMOST a. I b. Obs. rare.

coverings:

=

f 1471 Fortescue Wks. (1869) 452 If it be a pore Cote under their uttermost Garment. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Their Gownes, Cootes with Sieves or other uttermost Garmentes. 1545 Raynald Byrth Mankynde i. ii. (1552) i b, Of the which [coats] the first and vttermost is called the skyn.

c. Greatest in extent; longest, rare. a 1586 Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 63 The v'ttermost time presupposed in it, should be., but one day. 0x586 Arcadia iii. xviii. [He] stood .. with .. his shield at the utter¬ most length of his arme.

2. Extreme; = utmost a. 2. 13 .. [see UTMOST a. 2]. 1429 Rolls of Park. IV. 352/1 To the uttermast distruction and anientisment of the said Merchantz. 1468 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. II. 329 The uttermost pryse had not passyd v. mark. 1544 in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 306 As they will answere .. for the same att their uttermost perilles. 1556 Olde Antichrist 59 The best.. that shoulde lye in his uttermost possible power to doo. 1607 Norden Surv. Dial. iii. 88 You that haue bene here presently sworn to performe your uttermost duties. 1676 Hale Contempl. ii. 212 Thou., may'st most justly expect from the children of Men our uttermost Love, and Fear. 1702 H. Dodwell Apol. § i in S. Parker Cicero's De Finibus, T'he time wherein Philosophy .. received its uttermost Perfection. 01796 in Morse Amer. Geog. I. 91 His friendships are.. faithful to the uttermost extremity. 1807 Wordsw. White Doe iii. 91 A voice of uttermost joy. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. 74 To speak with uttermost truth of expression. 1890 Hallett Thous. Miles on Elephant 430 It is in the uttermost degree unlikely,

tb. Of persons: = utterest a. zh. Obs.

b. sb. pi. = UTMOST a. 4 b. Obs. rare. 01390 Wycliffite Bible Isaiah xlii. lo (MS. Douce 369). Singit> .his praisynge fro pe vttermostis of pe erp [L. ab extremis terrst]. (See also utmost a. 4 b.)

fS. The very most; = utmost a. 5, 5 b. Obs. a 1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 83 For pt vertu of pam aboute fire is pe vttermoste of strenght. ? 1477 Stonor Papers (Camden) II. 34 You schalle vnderstonde the vttermeste of my stomake. 01513 Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 645 For the encrece & augmentacion thereof, to the vtter¬ moost of theyr powers. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531)37 He wolde hauc done his vttermost. 1578 H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 40 In doing wherof, you shall bynde me with the vttermoste of my scruice to acknowledge the honoure. NCF. Gold. Leg. 111. Sativity iii. 43 The .4ngel of the uttermost Of all the shining, heavenly host.

utward, etc., obs. shortened vowel) of outw.\rd a. uttward,

varr.

(with

*503“4 ^9 tien. VII, c. 4 Preamble, Honour & Victorie .. goten ageync utwarde cnymyes. 1526 T'indale 2 Cor. iv. 16 Though oure vttward man perisshe. rx53S T. Bedyll in G. J. .Aungier Syon Mon. (1840) 87 The place where thes frires haue becne wont to hire uttward confessiouns of al commers. Ibid., Hering of utward confessions hath becne the cause of muche evvl. [Cf. UTTERWARD o ]

lutu Cutu). New Zealand, [a. Maori utu return for anything, satisfaction, reward, reply.] a. Recompense, satisfaction, return or price paid for injuries received. 1828 in W. Colenso Papers (typescript) HI. 18 Until another chief has been killed as an utu or payment. 1840 J. S. PoLACK Manners Sf Customs N. Zealand II. 63 Utu or payment is invariably expected for any injustice committed [by the Maoris]. 1852 Mundy Antipodes x. II. 89 ‘Utu’, (which may be freely translated,) ‘blood for blood’, is with him [xr. the Mao^ a sacred necessit>'. 1890 J. M. Moore N. Zealand iii. 49 The utu, or satisfaction for murder (lex talionts), theft, or any other crime,.. was rigorously carried out among the Maoris.

b. transf. (See quot.) 1902 Webster's Suppl. 226/3 LJtu,.. any compensation, as for services rendered; reward, payment, wages; often corrupted to hoot.

utward(e, ME. varr. outward adv. utwit, utwith, obs. forms of outwith.

7. to the uttermost^ ~ utmost a. 7. Now rare

1572 Forrest Theophilus 743 Howe happened thee to goe .. Vnto his enemye moste vttermoste.. ? 1606 G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xxii. 82 They were solde .. to the vttermost enemy of their estate. c 1^0 York Myst. xxxvii. 232 And Marie me menys pi modir hight, J>e vttiremeste ende of all pi kynne. 1463 Paston Lett. II. 133 For.. the Sunday was the uttermest day. 1470-85 Malory Arthur x. Ixxxvi. 567 To the vtter-mest dayes of my lyf. 1549 Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. 2 Tim. 20 He.. is hable ynoughe to kepe vnto the vTtermost daye, the thing that [etc.]. 1593 Sidney's Arcadia iv. (1922) II. in The uttermost instant is scope enough for him, to revoke every thing, 1600 Holland Livy v. xxii. 195 b. The finall end and fall of Veij,.. which even in this last and utter-most [L. ultimus'\ calamitie shewed her mightinesse.

UVAROVITE

uuen (in on uuen)\ see anoven adv. uuenan, -en, -on, varr. ovenon, -an Obs. uut-yede, obs. pa. t. of outgo. uva CJuiva).

PI. uvse ('ju:vi:). [L. uva grape, uvula, etc. (whence It., Pr., Sp., Pg. uva, F. uve).] 11. (See quot.) Obs. rare-K App. an error for, and misunderstanding of, uvea. *5^2 Turner Herbal ii. 67 Oliue.. is good for the diseases of the ey called vua, and for wheles. [Hence in Langham Garden of Health (1579) 439.]

2. Bot. A grape or raisin; a grape-like fruit. 1670 Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) 25 Nor may we here omit to mention the Galls, Misletoe, Polypod, Agaric (us’d in Antidots) Vu®, Fungus’s to make Tinder. [Hence in Mortimer Husb. (1707) 327.] 1753 Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., Uva, Grape. See the article Grape. 1862 M. C. Cooke Man. Bot. Terms 87 Uva, (Lat. a grape), applied to such succulent indehiscent fruits as have a central placenta. [Hence in Imp. Diet. (1884), and later Diets.] 1892 C. E. Armand Semple Elern. Mat. Med. 225 Raisins. The ripe fruit of Vitis Vinifera.

3. uva ursi ('juivs 'aisai), the bearberry, Arctostaphylos Uva~ursi, a trailing plant valued as furnishing an astringent tonic. *753 Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v.. There is only one known species of the Uva Ursi, which is the plant called .. the whortle-berry. 1786 Abercrombie Arrangem. 39 in Gard. Assist., Evergreen Trees and Shrubs [include].. Uva ursi, or bearberry. 1820 Good Nosology 454 The powder of the uva ursi,.. recommended by Linneus as [a] valuable lithontriptic. 1822 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XIV. 742 As a remedy the Uva-Ursi was used by the ancients. 1873 Bentley Man. Bot. (ed. 3) 562 Trailing Arbutus.—The leaves and stems possess similar properties to Uva-Ursi.

b. Med. The leaves of the bearberry, or an infusion of these. 1805 Med. Jrnl. 465 A combination of such medicines with the uva-ursi, was.. administered. 1842 Brande Diet. Sci., etc. 138 The leaves of this plant, under the name uva ursi, are used as an astringent and tonic in medicine. 1892 C. E. Armand Semple Mat. Med. 3x8 Uva ursi may also be used for gleets.

Hence f'uval a., = uveal a. i. [Cf. F. uval.'\

1827 Lytton Falkland ii. 113,1 have started to find the utterness of my desolation! 1871 Daily News i Mar., The uttemess of her collapse. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 2/1 He tried it on Catherinc—with a resulting uttemess of failure.

utterquidaunce, var. outrecuidance Obs. f'utterward, adv. and a. Obs. rare. [f. utter a. or adv. + -ward.] A. adv. Outside; outwardly, externally. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 157 The trewe processe of Englysh polycye, Of utterwarde to kepe thys regne in rest Of oure England. 1538 in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden) 228 The state of the howse bothe inwardely and utterward.

B. adj. Of confession: Made to a member of a religious house by a non-member. f *535 Bedyll in G. J. Aungier Syon Mon. (1840) 88 To know his pleasire.. towching the muring up of the howses of utterward confessions. [Cf. uttward (quots. ^^1535)-]

utteward, utward, obs. varr. (with shortened vowel) of outward adv. 01425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 12 Vpon pe aposteme, for80(»e, vtward be putte a gode emplastre. 1428 in Surtees Misc. (1888) 9 For other occupacions that he had to doo utteward.

uttrage(ouss, obs. ff. outrage(ous.

1656 Blount Glossogr., Uval,.. pertaining to a Grape or Vine.

uvala ('uivsb). Physical Geogr. Also ouvala. [a.

Serbo-Croat uvala hollow, depression.] A depression in the ground surface occurring in karstic regions (see quots.). 1902 Geogr. Jrnl. XX. 429 Dr. Cvijic’s researches have led him to consider the uvala (Karstmulde) as an intermediate form between doline and polye. The uvala is a large, broad sinking in the karst witn uneven floor, formed by the breaking down of the wall between a series of dolines. 1921 Geogr. Rev. XI. 600 As time goes on, the divisions between neighboring dolines are broken down; and larger depressions, called ‘uvalas’ or ‘ouvalas’, are created. 1922 Geol. Mag. XIX. 401 Several of the smaller.. poljes of Southern Herzegovina.. appear to result from the collapse of underground watercourses. To such depressions it would perhaps be better to restrict the use of the local Bosnian term ‘uvalas’. 1954 W’. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xiii. 323 The Bosnian term uvala is most commonly applied to the larger depressions resulting from the collapse of extensive roof sections over underground watercourses. What have been designated above as compound sinkholes are sometimes called uvalas, but this usage of the term does not seem justified. 1970 R. J. Small Study of Landforms iv. 152 In many areas closely adjoining sotchs have amalgamated, through lateral extension, to give larger depressions comparable with the ‘uvalas’ of the Karst proper.

(ui'varavait). Min. Also ouw-, uwarowite; ouw-, ouvarovite. [Named in 1832 by G. H. Hess, after Count S. S. Uvarov, uvarovite,

IJVK

378

I’rcsitli'iit of St. I’ctfrshiirt^ Acadi-my: see -itk' 2h.] All emerald-Kreeii variety of garnet. 1837 Dana Systrrn Mtufralonv .^53 Oiiwurowitc .. occurs in rninsparcn! cmcruUI-Krccn tlodccHhcdrons. 1855 Orr's ('irr. Sci., C/Vo/., etc. 52/1 l-’warowitc, Chrome and Lime (/arnet. .. 'I'ranslucent;. . infusihle. l''ound in the Ural, 1897 I. I'l.KK MhH IntrtKi. *S7«f/v V/m. 102 Uvarovitc is a Kreen ehronie-Karnet.

I uvc. Ohs. [asEt 5e-iode ufaran dogrum. ciooo, c 1205 [sec OVER a. 5]. c 1205 Lay. 26035 ha nolde Ar6ur on slcpen na wiht hinc areppen, leste he an uferre da3e upbrajid iherde.

t'uver-mar, adv. Obs.-' In 3 uferr-mar. [f. OE. ufor higher, highest + -mar -more. Cf. ON. ofar meir, MSw. dwermeer, 6ffuermere.'\ Higher up; above. c 1200 Ohmin 1715 All hiss icc se33de 3uw littljer Her uferr mar a litell.

'uvermost» a. Now dial. In 6 Sc. uvirmest, 9 dial, uvvermost, -must. [f. uver a. -t- -most.] Uppermost; highest. 15/^9 Burgh Rec. Stirling {iSSy) 55 Anent the tua uvirmest lychtis. 1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua 606 Gwon to th’ uvvermost Icasow. x88o Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-hk. 463 Keep the Maister’s collars uvvermost.

t'uveward, a. Obs. In i ufeweard, ufawserd, ufweard, 3 uueward. [OE. ufe-, uftveard, etc., f. root w/-(see OVEMEST a.) + -weard-v^aru 2, Cf. OE. ufanweard, ON. ofan-verdr.] Upper, higher; forming the upper part. Also absol. f 897 K. /Alfred Gregory's Past. C. i. 28 For8on 6a ea^an bio6 on 6a;m lichoman foreweardum Sc ufeweardum. C950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt, xxvii. 51 And heonu wajhrahel temples .. tosliten was., from ufawaerd wi6 to nio6aweard. UIOO0-CX200 [see netheward a.] ' Appeal Cases) I. 66 V.C. Wood held that the Plaintiff’s having come to the nuisance did not disentitle him to equitable relief. 1883 J. A. H. Murray Let. 8 Nov. in K, M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words {tgjy) xii. 227 The V.C. had to rush off in a cab. 1953 M. Davidson Medicine in Oxford ii. 26 It seems not unlikely that the latter may have consulted the V.-C. about Francis’s migration. 1971 Raydens Pract. & Law of Divorce (ed. ii) I. iii. 43 Sir

V Richard Kindcrsley V’.-C., nevertheless said [etc.]. 1859 A. Thackeray Let. in H. Ritchie Lett. A. T. Ritchte (1924) v. 111 Papa gave us a letter to read .. from Edward I'hackerav’s colonel recommending him for a •V.C. 1872 I^eveh Ld. Kilgobbtn Ixxix, It’s a case for the V.C. 1929 Daily Express 7 Nov. 13/5 Mr. Thomas Dinesen, the Danish V.C., and the only foreigner to win the decoration, arrived at Liverpoolstreet Station. 1^4 N. V*. Times 16 Sept. 4 ‘V.C. They are of course the V ietcong, the enemy. But when a private disnleases his sergeant, he may hear ‘you knucklehead V.C.!’ 19^5 Punch 11 .4ug. 214/1 Some of them [sc. GIsJ responded to a professional sergeant's claim that they were.. eager to get to grips with the ‘VCs’, as the V’iet Cong are now known in the trade. 1968 Listener 23 May 656/3, I felt rather anxious that the patrol might have disappeared and left me in the empty suburb with Mr Van and the V'C snipers. 1977 N. V’. Rev. Bks. 23 June 6/3 A nineteen-year-old Marine is discovered cutting the ears off a dead V'C. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 683/1 Thornton Riseborough, according to the •V'.C.H., appears always with a double title after the twelfth century. 1965 Listener 8 Apr. 531/3 The V.C.H., as it is known to all its users, is a great work of reference, but it is unreadable. 1945 C. J. Auchinleck Let. 24 Nov. in Mansergh & Moon Transfer of Power (1976) VI. 511 Officers, •V.C.O.s, and I.O.R.s who became officers in the I.N.A. 1977 ‘D. MacNeil’ Wolf in Fold ii. 15 The acting squadron commander’s a VCO a risaldar named Jalaia Khan. 1971 New Scientist 26 Aug. 469/1 So that the television does not have to be adapted to take the recorder, the •VCR is put between the TV and its aerial. 1983 Listener 12 May 3/X VCRs whirred away as people took advantage of watching the latest movies. 1984 What Fxdeo.^Aug. 5/4 The cassette is totally incompatible with British VCRs and TV sets. 1863 Hotten Hand-bk. Topogr. 195/2 Cuttings from Newspapers [etc.]..’V-D. 1920 Ann. Rep. Chief Med. Officer, Ministry of Health 11. iii. {caption facing p. 163), •V.D. clinic. Suggested plan of arrangement of a., hut. 1920 F. Fox G.H.Q. vi. 87, I do not know w’here the idea sprang from that v.d. was very common in the Army. 1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) xxxv. 262, I didn’t spend my old man’s money learning to become a V.D. quack for a gangster society. 1978 *L. Black’ Foursome ii. 15. I don’t do it for money—only with men I like the look of. And I haven’t got VD, 1901 T. F. Frem antle Bk. of Rifle p. v. The Hon. T. F. Fremantle, ‘V.D. 1946 yrnl. R. United Service Institution XCI. 129 Captain C. A. R. Shillington, V.D., R.N.V.R. 1941 Newsweek 28 July 22/3 Encouraged by the success [of the V propaganda campaign], Britain proclaimed July 20 as ‘•V Day’. 1942 Time 16 Mar. 1 r/i We at Hercules are eager to learn of any new material, process, or equipment.. which can enable us to create more employment after V-Day. 1945 Times 5 Apr. 5/2 To-day the battle still rages with loss and peril in Europe. On V Day it will still go on over great stretches of land and water in the Far East. 1949 Koestler Promise ^ Fulfilment i. xiii. 146 It was Jewry’s V-day—the first since the time of the Maccabeans. 1967 A. Christie Endless Night xxiii. 211 ‘Well,’ said Greta with a deep satisfied sigh, ‘we’ve made it.’ ‘V-Day all right,’ I said. 1975 Nature 16 Oct. 557/1 If reporters can operate typewriters with the accuracy necessary for an OCR reader they can probably operate keyboards producing punched tape for the computer or sophisticated visual display terminals (•VDTs) on-line to the computer. 1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 20 Feb. 9/1 Mr. Brown described himself as not very mechanically minded, but said he has worked hard to become knowledgeable about the video display terminals known as VDTs. 1982 A. Clements Microcomputer Design & Construction ii. 236 The main output device., of many microprocessor systems is the video display terminal (VDT). 1968 Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 192/2 The dataterminal.. may consist of a ’video display unit’ (•VDU), in effect the combination of a television-like display tube with a keyboard. 1970 Computer Management Nov. 52 {caption) Entering data via the keyboard of the VDU. 1976 Liverpool Echo 24 Nov. (Advt.), Hardware consists of an ICI 1900 mainframe linked to mini-computers with disc storage, local printers and VDUs. 1982 What's New in Computing Nov. 5/3 Because the entire unit is stalk mounted, the vdu angle can be adjusted for best visibility. 1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 195/2 Designs published to date have concentrated on putting the intelligence in the node controller which then allows operation of the system through an ordinary VDU. a 1912 W. T. Rogers Diet. Abbrev. (1913) 197/1 •V.F., Vicar Forane. 1922 Joyce Ulysses 312 The rev. John Lavery, V.F. 1936 Age (Melbourne) i May 7/8 {heading) •V.F.A. Seconds. 1969 Melbourne Truth 12 July 24/1 Dandenong and Preston meet in the most tension packed VFA game of the season. 1936 Age (Melbourne) i May 7 {heading) •V.F.L. Season opens on Saturday. 1969 Melbourne Truth 12 July 2/6 The newkicking out-of-bounds rule introduced by the VFL this season, Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. LIII. 967/2 Under •V.F.R. (Visual Flight Rules) it appears that communication takes place between the ground and the aircraft for an aggregate time of about 60 seconds. 1974 L. Deighton Spy Story xv. 146 This aircraft’s electronics were rimitive. Flying V.F.R. meant he’d have to put it down efore dark. 1981 Pilot Jan. 13/1 A special VFk clearance. 1920 Foreign Service Ma^. Dec. 12/1 The ’V.F.W. is an organization for service. 1 hat Is the purpose of its existence. 1977 C. McFadden Serial (1978) xlviii, 103/2 You’re gonna get all those calls again from people who want you to sing ‘God Bless America’ at VFW conventions. 1871 Tablet 14 Oct. 502/1 Very Rev. Dr. O’Shea, P.P., ‘V.G. 1922 Joyce Ulysses 312 The rt rev. Mgr M’Manus. V.G. 1980 New Scientist 13 Nov. 442 In the US, •VHD will face stiff competition from Philips’s laser-reading (VLP) sj^tem. 1984 What Video? Aug. ii/i The juke boxes use Thom EMI VHD disc players and discs (not available for the home). 1932 Admiralty Handbk. Wireless Telegr. igji p. ii. The range of frequencies of the aether waves used in wireless communication is now subdivided as follows;.. Above 30,000 kc./s... Ver>-high Frequencies (‘V.H.F.). 1951 ‘N. Shute’ Round Bend ii. 50 A small V.H.F. radio set. 1955 Times 29 July 5/4 The present system of amplitude modulation in the v.h.f. maritime services should be changed to one of frequency modulation. 1956 B.B.C. Handbk. ig$y 134 The introduction of very high frequency transmissions, with frequency modulation (VHF/FM) in several parts of the countrv', was the major devel^mcnt of the year in sound broadcasting. 1974 Harvey & dohlman Stereo F.M. Radio Handbk. ii. 9 Also, at v.h.f.. there was

382

VA sufficient bandwidth available for hi-fi quality. 1982 Daily Tel. 30 July 3 5 (Advt.), Simple to use “YHS recorder with 10-day timer. 1984 What Video? .\ug. 10/2 SKC..is also launching a range of high grade cassettes in standard lengths in VHS and Beta formats. 1972 Bioorganic Chem. II. 30 (heading) Synthesis of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (•VIP). Ibid. 87 Information on partial sequences of VIP became available recently. 1983 R. G. Long et al. in Oxf. Textbk. \1ed. I. xii. 50/1 VIP secretion has been demonstrated after direct neural stimulation. 1964 Amer. Forests Oct. 13 i The act provides for establishment of the Volunteers In Service To America (’VISTA)—a sort of domestic peace corps. 1980 \etv Age (L'.S.) Oct. 42/2 NOF.A .. sponsored VIST.^ workers to help set up farmers’ markets in New Hampshire and Vermont. 1974 ’VLA [see OPTICAL a. 2 a]. 1978 P.AS.ACHOFF & Kltner University Astron. xxvi. 669 When fully operational.. the VLA will make pictures of a field of view a few minutes of arc across, \^^th resolutions comparable to the i arc sec of optical observations from large telescopes, in about ro hours. 1969 5a. Jrnl. Aug. 63 2 This interferometer system which is called the ver\- long baseline interferometer (‘VLBI) is unusual in that there is no connection between the receiving elements. 1982 Sn. Amer. May 85, 3 The VLBI maps now being made are as good as the maps made with linked telescopes 10 years ago. 1968 Punch 24 Apr. 612/3 The introduction of ’VLCCs {ver>’ large crude carriers, supertankers of up to 200,000 tons) will cut transport costs dramatically. 1974 Nature 19 Jan. 196, i In December 1969 three VLCCs had serious explosions in one of their centre tanks during tank cleaning. 1975 Times 30 June 16/5 Tanker rates continued to increase., as Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) premiums moved up. 1977 Time 21 Nov. 40 I Among the largest and lightest of these globules are the ver>’-low-density lipoproteins (*VLDL). 1938 Admiralty Handbk. Wireless Telegr. 1^38 I. (Nomenclature of Waves), On the basis of a recent C.C.I.R. recommendation, promulgated in French; a suitable nomenclature, likely soon to be accepted internationally, may be given in English as follows: —Below 30 kc s... Ver>’ Low Frequencies (*V.L. F.). 1962 L. Deighton Ipcress File xx. 136 There was a V.L.F. (ver>* low frequency) radio wave-length and a compass bearing. 1983 Seu Scientist 13 Jan. 93/1 Scientists in California have discovered that the Earth’s magnetic field can act as a giant neutral amplifier for ver\' low-frequency (VLF) radio waves. 1943 W. S. Churchill in Hansard Commons 8 June 566 We took the measures which have thrown the long-range aircraft—the ver>’ long-range aircraft —the ‘V.L.R., as they are called—, effectively in to the anti U-boat struggle. 1946 Happy Landings July 7/3 In April, *945 [he] became .A..O.A.. Tiger Force (V.L.R.), Bomber Force for the bombing of Japan. 1978 World Book Year Bk. 309 I In 1977.. the semiconductor segment of the industry was virtually on the threshold of a new frontier—very large scale integration (’VLSI). 1979 JC.aelli ^ficrocomputer Revolution p. xvii, VLSI — Veiy Large Scale Integration. This term flows on from the LSI designation and refers to component densities of well over 1000 compionents. 1983 Listener 25 .\ug. 25/2 The amount of VLSI (Veiy Large Scale Integrated) circuitry needed to enable them to sync Autocue cliches with corny visuals is as great as that employed in the space shuttle. 1984 Ann. Rep. Racol Electronics PLC 6/1 The collaborativ'e development of a microelectronic very large scale integrated (VLSI) process. Ibid. 7 i The design of VLSI chips. 1670 Covel in Early Toy. Levant (Hakluyt Soc.) 111 A prettv' little picture of the ’V.M. 1942 A^. y. Times 13 June 17/6 The new *\~ Mail for L’nited States overseas forces, patterned after the British microfilm postal system, was started when letters were delivered to President Roosevelt today. 1943 R. V.ANCE They made me a Leatherneck 44 ‘George nev'er lets up on V mail to that female,’ Weber observed. 1966 Sunday Times (Colour Suppl.) 4 Dec. 73/4 [GI jargon.] V-Mail, letters to or from home, reproduced photographically to conserve shipping space. 1949 Bull. U.S. Dept, of State 27 Mar. 396 2 The second part [of a broadcast] originating in the ‘VOA offices in New York, will include news. 1975 Neu' Yorker 26 May 28/3 The basic problem is that V.O.A. has been placed at the intersection of journalism and diplomacy: the practice of one of these disciplines negates the practice of the other. 1955 Times 17 Aug. 6/4 There was controversy earlier this year over how soon—if at all—Tacan should replace •\ OR/DNIE.. as the standard air navigation system in the United States for civil as well as militaiy aircraft. 1982 T. Beattie Diamonds xv'iii. 157 ‘Could you confirm your VOR is monitoring?’ ‘Freetowm roger... The V’OR is unserviceable.’ 1972 Hartmann & Stork Diet. Lang. ^ Linguistics 249/1 In transformational-generative grammar, the verb phrase is that constituent of a sentence which contains the predicate (or complement or adjunct)... The abbreviation ’VP is used in phrase structure rules. 1976 H ord 1971 XX\ II. 248 The main verb or an auxiliaiy verb, if there is one, is placed in the final position of a v'erb phrase in German deep structure while it occupies the initial position of a VP in surface structure. 1887 Irish Times 30 Nov. 5 3 Sir Andrew Hart, *V.P., T.C.D. 1925 C. S. Lewis Let. 14 Aug. (1966) 103 When the V.P. [of Magdalen College, Oxford] laid a red cushion at his feet I realized.. that this was going to be a kneeling affair. 1978 M. Pvzo Fools Die xxvii. 31 o With his bosses, like the \’P in charge of production at Wartberg’s Tri-Culture International Studios,.. he was much more frank, more human. 1888 Kipling Barrack-Room Ballads (1892) 112 How he met with his fate and the ’V.P.P. 1975 C. Allen Plain Tales from Raj viii. 93 With VPP or Value Payable Post, you paid the postman the value of the goods in the parcel. 1952 A. M. Sullivan Loif Serjeant xiii. 139 The ancient claimant to the degree of’V.S. was a little more learned but often a little less skilful than the country cow doctor, i960 Voluntary Service Ot errear 4 Volunteers give their service free... This leaves •\ .S.O. with the task of raising funds to cover the cost of travel and insurance. 1962 Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Dec. 1007/3 Mrs. Dickson’s husband was largely responsible for initiating the scheme, known as Voluntarv' Service Overseas (VSO). 1965 Listener 7 Jan. 21/2 He was the first British V.S.O. to come to Libya. 1967 Guardian 30 May 5/5 The conflict came to a head shortly before my VSO year came to an end. 1980 R. Soc. Arts Jan. 11 i /i She has a VSO working with her and six or seven dedicated staff. 1981 E. North Dames xiii. 256 Your children will.. work for V.S.O. and Amnestv' International. 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969)99 2 J. and F. Martell’s .. *V.S.O.P —108/0. 1951 R. Postg.ate Plain Man's Guide to Wine ix. 125 Five Stars

should indicate a good brandy; higher-up the various firms have their own indications: X.O., V.S.CD.P., Cordon bleu, and so forth. 1982 M. O’Donnell Devil's Prison n. i. 88 The waiters had left them alone with a jug of coffee and a bottle of VSOP. i960 Aeroplane XCVHI. 234/1 In the United States, NASA applies the STOL appelation to any fixed-wing type capable of operating from a 500-ft. strip surrounded by 50-ft. obstacles. This is sufficiently drastic, however, to eliminate all but a handful of experimental aircraft, which may more accurately be described as ’VSTOL (very short take-off, etc.) types. 1961 New Scientist 23 Feb. 462/2 Construction of economical V/STOL aircraft ..is., a much more urgent and profitable line of development than supersonic aircraft will ever be. 1977 R.A.F. News 30 Mar.-12 Apr. 13/2 The future of military VSTOL would seem to be assured in a maritime context. 1954 Aviation Week 26 Apr. 30/2 New approaches to the problems of developing vertical-rising aircraft are being explored... NACA has been doing basic research in the •VTO field for more than a decade. 1955 Sci. Amer. Apr. 106/3 V.T.O. aircraft (v'ertical take-off) are being developed vigorously in both England and the U.S. 1963 Ann. Reg. 1962 390 Bristol-Siddeley had produced a prototype supersonic VTO fighter. 1955 Wall St. Jrnl. 4 Feb. 3/4 Bell Aircraft Corp. announced it has built and flowm the first jetpropelled vertical rising airplane which takes off and lands without needing a runway. The test ’VTOL (vertical take¬ off and landing) airplane weighs about 2,000 pounds, is 21 feet long, has a wing span of 26 feet, and carries only the pilot. 1958 Times 1 Mar. 7/3 V.T.O.L-. designs are as yet in their infancy. 1979 N. Slater Falcon i. 24 The basic [plane] design owed much to the VTOL Harrier. 1954 Britannica Bk. of Year 638/1 ’VTR (video tape recorder). 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 51 (Advt.), Minimum of two years experience preferably in colour telecine and Ampex VTR. 1982 J. G.ardner For Special Services xii. 109 Each [cabin] had a large sitting room with television, stereo and VTR. 1940 H. A. Chinn et al. in Proc. IRE XXVIII. 14/2 It was thought.. that there would be less confusion in adopting the new standards if a new name were coined for expressing the measurements. The term selected is ‘*vu’, the number of vu being numerically the same as the number of decibels above or below the new reference-volume level. 1944 Ibid. XXXII. 601/1 A key located to the left of the VU meter should be used. 1959 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) xiii. 19 The A scale emphasizes the VU markings and has an inconspicuous voltage scale. 1976 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics Spring 70 The speaker made every attempt to maintain equal intensity across syllables by monitoring his output on a VU meter.

c. In music an abbrev. of various Italian words, as verte ‘turn’, violino ‘violin’, voce ‘voice’, volta ‘time’. 1724 Short Explic. For. Wds. in Mus. Bks. i The Letter V is often used as an Abbreviation of the Word Violino. Ibid., The Letters VS at the Bottom of a Leaf are often used as an Abbreviation of the Words Volti Subito. 1753 Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., V, in music, is often used to shew that a piece is designed for the violin; and V\^, for two violins, or more.

d. Of German words: V, Vergeltungswaffey ‘reprisal weapon’; used to denote German missiles of the w’ar of 1939-45, as V-1 = flying bomb s.v. FLYING vbl. sb, 3; hence V-6om6; V~2, a type of rocket bomb; hence V--weapons\ VW, Volkswagen. 1944 Times 30 June 3/5 For two weeks London has now been subjected to ceaseless bombardment by the German weapon V i. 1944 Life 21 Aug. 17/1 It seems probable .. that the V-2, successor to the V-i robot bomb, will be a heavy rocket. 1944 Evening Sun (Baltimore) 13 Sept. 1/6 The Germans, after toning down their ‘V’ weapons threat for a few days, are now making new threats. 1944 Sun (Baltimore) 20 Nov. 3/4 Lord Vansittart found no substance in objections that (German V-bombs debar a Big Three meeting in Britain. 1952 M. Allingham Tiger in Smoke ii. 43 Night. V2 time... Remember Vz’s?.. Suddenly, no warning, no whistle, wallop! 1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics ii. 23 The modem space carrier vehicle is a direct descendant of the V2 guided missile developed by the German army during World War II. 1978 D. Kyle Black Camelot x. 156 Hitler remains confident he can win the war. .. The V-weapons, I suppose. 1982 T. FitzGibbon With Love II. viii. 155 After D-Day, 6 June 1944, a new horror arrived.. the pilotless flying bombs, called Vis and known .. as ‘doodle-bugs*... In September.. the first rockets (Vzs) reached London. 1958 S. Abbey Bk. of Volkswagen v. 45 It is possible to improve the performance of the VW by a standardized engine tuning process... The VW owner is saved the cost of several accessories which are desirable. 1962 A. Lurie Love ^ Friendship vii. 135 Maybe it’s just the fellow feeling of his Volkswagen for my Renault; he would be equally helpless if the VW broke down. 1977 C. McFadden Serial (1978) iii. 13/1 She.. extricated Kat Vonnegut.. from the rear of her VW bus.

e. Of French words: V.D.Q-S., vin delimite de qualite superieurey a wine of superior quality from amongst the wines of a limited area. 1962 Wine Mag. Sept.-Oct. zsz/z Next in order of quality are the V.D.Q.S. wines, or, to give them their full title, the Vins Delimites de Qualitie Superieure. 1966 P. V. Price France: Food Wine Guide 135 Below the A.C. wines come those marked V.D.Q.S.—vins delimites de qualite superieure. 1974 Times 2 Dec. (Suppl.) p. ii/i The VDCJS stamp., [is] a stamp of quality awarded by the French Government. VDQS stands for ‘Vins Delimites de Qualite Superieure*.

IV. Symbolic uses. 6. Particle Physics.

V is used to designate the heavy unstable particles that produce characteristic V-shaped tracks when they decay {y-events)y now identified as hyperons and kaons. Obs. exc. hist. 1950 P. M. S. Blackett Let. 12 July (MS.), We have been discussing here the question of nomenclature and I would like to ask your views about the following suggestion. This is that we should call the special type of track that you and we have observed v-tracl^ and the particle or particles which make them v-particles. The advantage of this seems

VAALPENS to be that the letter v is reasonably unallocated and that the name has strong mnemonic values as, in fact, the tracks are v shaped. 1951 Nature 31 Mar. 503/1 Six charged F-tracks are due to the decay of new unstable particles. Ibid. 503/2 Two schemes are suggested to explain the photographs: F® -* p* + ff-..; V^ -* TT* + n-. 1952 Sci. Amer. Jan. 26/2 The V-particles appear to be somewhat more massive than a proton or neutron, because in some instances a proton is a decay product. 1968 M. S. Livingston Particle Physics v. 98 If an incident neutral particle has an interaction leading to two charged particles, the vertex of the event shows the location, and the balance of transverse momenta identifies the incoming direction of the neutral particle. 1974 Frauenfelder & Henley Subatomic Physics vii. 170 By about 1952, many F events had been seen, and a mystery had developed: the F particles were produced copiously but decayed very slowly.

Hence V-d pa. pple., cut with a V-shaped incision. 1881 Greener Gun 380 The sight consists of a steel spring screwed on to the top rib, with one end set at right angles and V-d to form the sight.

va, southern ME. var. foe sb.] obs. Sc. f. way sb., WOE sb. and a. Vaad Leumi ('va;a;d b'omi:). [Heb. wa'ad committee + h’ummi national.] A national committee of Palestine Jews, serving as their official representative during the period of the British Mandate from 1920 to 1948. The form Vaad Haleumi in the 1926 example includes the definite article. 1926 Zionist Rev. Feb. 127/2 The Second Jewish National Assembly appoints a Vaad Haleumi composed of 38 members. 1932 Palestine Post 4 Dec. 1/2 Mr I. Ben Zevi, a member of the Vaad Leumi Executive. 1941 Contemp. Jewish Rec. IV. 428/2 The threat of Nazi occupation caused the Agency Executive.. to ratify an agreement between the Vaad Leumi and the Right bloc. 1949 Koestler Promise fef Fulfilment i. xv. 169 On March i the Vaad Leumi met in Tel Aviv. 1963 Times 24 Apr. 16/1 He later became one of the founders of the General Council for Palestine Jews (Vaad Leumi), the executive body of the Jewish community, and served as chairman or president from 1931 until it was dissolved with the establishment of the State of Israel. 1971 Encycl. Judaica XVI. 49 The Va’ad Le’ummi represented the yishuv in its relations with the Mandatory government and the Arab leaders and dealt with internal matters (such as the school system) which were delegated to it by the Zionist Executive.

vaalhaai ('failhai). 5. Afr. Also Vaalhai. [Afrikaans, f. Du. vaal pale -I- haai shark.] A local name for the tope, Galeorhinus galeus] = TOPE sb.'‘- Also attrib. 1947 K. H. Barnard Piet. Guide S. Afr. Fishes lo Tope; Vaal-haai... This medium-sized (6 feet) cosmopolitan shark has recently become of considerable economic importance in South Africa for the extraction of vitamins from its liver-oil. 1949 Cape Times 24 Sept. 1/6 Any person capturing a Vaalhaai shark shall land it in a whole state. 1958 Cape Argus 14 June 13/4 The vaalhaai.. grows to about 6 ft. and is harmless to man. 1973 Stand. Encycl. S. Afr. IX. 603/2 In South Africa that [sc. the liver] of the liver-oil shark Galeorhinus (vaalhaai) is especially rich, and from 1940 to 1955 this species was specially hunted for it.

vaalite (Vailait). Min. [f. the Vaal River, S. Africa, -I- -ITE^ 2 b; named by Maskelyne.] A variety of vermiculite. 1874 Maskelyne in Geol. Soc. Lond. XXX. 409 Vaalite.. occurs in hexagonal prisms, the angles of which are nearly 60® and 120°.

I| vaaljapie ('fa:lja:pi). S. Afr. Also Vaal Japie. [Afrikaans, lit. ‘tawny Jake’, f. as Du. vaal pale + japie dim. of the n?Lrc\.e Jaap f. Jakob.Rough young wine, inferior wine. 1945 Cape Times 21 May, What I say is ‘Come quick, go quick,’ and Vaal Japie is my best friend. 1949 L. (i. Green Land of Afternoon 59 Y oung wine, not matured but about six months old, is known as Vaaljapie... It takes its name from its tawny colour though some varieties are red. 1958 Cape Times 29 Nov. 1/5 Some woodcutters.. made him drunk on vaaljapie and called the police while he was asleep. 1968 D. J. Opperman Spirit of Vine 242 Brandy and vaaljapie have always had an irresistible attraction for these people. 1975 Stand. Encycl. S. Afr. XI. 464/2 The wine ration given by farmers to their labourers.. is referred to as ‘boys’ wine’, or ‘vaaljapie’.

llVaalpens ('farlpens). S. Afr. PI. -pens, pense(n). Also with lower-case initial in attrib. use. [Afrikaans, f. as prec. + pens paunch, belly.] a. A name for a member of the Ba-Kalahari tribe, b. colloq. A nickname for a Transvaaler. 1871 J. Mackenzie Ten Years North of Orange River iii. S3 Their fellow-countrymen to the south, .sometimes call them ‘Vaalpensen’, which is the Dutch for Bakalahari, the ill-favoured and lean vassals of the Bechuanas. 1899 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 6 Dec. 3/4 A South African Dutchman writes us a somewhat bitter letter... He writes as a Dutch Afrikander, a Vaalpens in fact. 1900 A. H. Keane Boer States iii. 32 Here [in the Bosch Veld] is also the true home of the Vaalpens, most degraded of all the South African aborigines. 1916 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 28 Sept. 3 The Vaalpens reported that one of our oxen had been mauled... We saddled up and with three Vaalpens soon found where the lion had caught the ox. 1934 Star (Johannesburg) i May 13/1 For the past 50 years and more Free Staters have been known among Dutch-speaking South Africans as Blikore (tin ears) and Transvaalers as Vaalpense, the latter so called after a certain native tribe of that name who lived in the Transvaal. 01936 E. Marais Soul of Ape (1969) iii. 92 Here in W’aterberg.. a case of

VAAT

383

'homing' in a descendant of the so-called 'vaalpens pygmies’ that at one time inhabited the Bushveld of the northern 3'ransvaal. 1970 Personality Competition, The 'V’aalpens’ are very scarce in South Africa nowadays.

vaat,

obs. form of vat.

Ilva banque (va bak). Gambling. [Fr., lit. ‘go bank’.] In baccarat and chemin-de-fer, a bet against the whole of the banker’s stake. (In quots.,_^g.) Cf. BANCO int. 1946 A. J. P. Taylor Course of German Hist. ii. 38 Both dynasties desired the defeat of Napoleon; but tbe Ilohenzollems, having nothing more to lose, were ready to bid t o banque —the Habsburgs were not. 1966 Economist 12 Nov. 683/3 Disraeli.. was an adventurer who played the great game va banque with a courage and effrontery that commanded, perhaps even deserved, success.

vac^ (vask), abbrev. (chiefly in Univ. colloquial use) of VACATION sb. 1709 Brit. Apollo No. 55. 3/2 It was very hard in the Vac. without Gains. 1864 Bp. Creighton in Mrs. Creighton Life (1904) I • i.i- I C I shall have all the rest of the Vac. to perpend and meditate on that point. 1871 M. Legrand Camb. Freshm. 365 When I was a boy at Harrow, I always hated going home for the ‘vacs’. 1906 Catholic Weekly 18 May 7 Others lectured to working men in the vacs.

vac^» colloq. abbrev. of vacuum

v.

1942 N. Last Diary 23 July in Nella Last's War (igSi) vii. 212, 1 hurried home to bake my bread, vac the dining-room and dust. 1970 J. Wainwright Prynter's Devil iii. 50 Vac the room first, kiddo. Then start the repaint job. 1971 Guardian 26 Nov. 11/5 Little ladies in nylon overalls were noisily vaccing the deep red carpet. 1981 J. Wainwright ^trge for Justice ii. i. 100 My cleaning lady..vacs and polishes around.

vac^, colloq.

abbrev. of vacuum cleaner s.v.

VACUUM 4.

1974 P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry xvii. 164 The brave new indoor world of vacs, mixers, mincers and all the rest. 1976 Star (Sheffield) 20 Nov. (Advt.), Cash paid for Washers, Vacs and Fridges in good condition. 1979 Arizona Daily Star i Apr. (Advt. Suppl.), Wards has jilTy vacs priced low as 22.88.

vac, abbrev.

vacant a.: see sit{s) vac s.v. sit sh."^

fvacabond. Obs. Forms: a. 5-6 vacabound(e, 5 wayka-). )3. 5-6 vacabund(e. y. 5-6 vacabond(e, 6 vaco-, vaka-). 5. 6 vacabo(u)n, wacabone. [a. OF. vacabonde {vacquabonde, vaccabon), app. an alteration of vagabond{e vagabond under the influence of L. vacdre (F. vaguer) to be unoccupied or idle. The form survives in northern F. dialects, and in the 17th centuiy Chifffet gives vacabond as the pron. of vagabond (Littre). In Arglo-L. of the 15-16th cent, vacabundus occxir^ in place of vagabundus.'\

1. A person having no settled means of living or no fixed home; a vagabond. а. 1404 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 37 A1 men of the forsaede shirs exepte fowre or five gentilmen & a fewe vacaboundis, woldin faene cum to pees. 1472 Presentments of Juries \n Surtees Misc. (1890) 24 John Bek is a vacabound. 1483 Ibid. 28 One Wrodyngton, a waykabound. 1530-1 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 12 It shall be leful to the constables.. to arest the sayde vacaboundes and ydell persones. 1578 Whetstone Promos Cass. ii. iv. i, Fetche me in all ydle vacaboundes. 1453 Polls of Parlt. V. 270/1 Thomas Watkynson.. Yoman and Robert Withes late of Salley in the shire of York Vacabunde. 1495 Coventry Leet Bk. 568 All maner vacabundes & beggers myghty in body within t>is Citie. 1530 Palsgr. 183 Vngz piegz, a payre of stockes to punysshe vacabundes. 1552 Nottingham Rec. IV. 103 Any vacabunde, suspect person, or nowghty people. 1584 Mirr. Mag. 16 b, He commaunded, that vnto a nomber of yong diseased vacabunds, there shuld be ministred a thin Diet, an excessiue labor, and cleanly lodging. y. 1472 Presentments of Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890) 24 Thomas Dransfeld.. liffez as a vacabond.