Oxford Dictionary of National Biography - volume 53 Strang–Taylor 0198614039, 9780198614036

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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Volume 53

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography IN

ASSOCIATION WITH

The British Academy

From

the earliest times to the year

Edited by

H. C. G.

Matthew

and

Brian Harrison

Volume 53

Strang-Taylor

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

2000

1

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street. Oxford 0 x 2 6 dp (

1

txford

inn hn

s

I

1

hiiversity Press

hr

is

a

department of the University of Oxford.

’nivorsity's objective of excellence in research, scholarship,

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ISBN 0-19-861403-9 (this volume) ISBN 0-19-86141 1-X (set of sixty volumes) Text captured by Alliance Phototypesetters, Pondicherry Illustrations

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LIST OF

1

ABBREVIATIONS

General abbreviations

AB ABC ABC TV

bachelor of arts

BCnL

bachelor of canon law

Australian Broadcasting Corporation

BCom

bachelor of commerce

ABC Television

BD

bachelor of divinity

act.

active

BEd

bachelor of education

AS

Australian dollar

BEng

bachelor of engineering

AD

anno domini

bk pi. bks

book(s)

AFC

Air Force Cross

BL

bachelor of law / letters / literature

immune deficiency syndrome

AIDS

acquired

BLitt

bachelor of letters

AK

Alaska

BM

bachelor of medicine

AL

Alabama

BMus

bachelor of music

A level

advanced

BP

before present

ALS

associate of the Linnean Society

BP

British

AM

master of arts

Bros.

Brothers

AMICE

associate

BS

(1)

level [examination]

member of the Institution of Civil

Engineers (3)

New Zealand Army Corps

Petroleum

bachelor of science; British standard

(2)

bachelor of surgery;

ANZAC

Australian and

BSc

bachelor of science

appxpl. appxs

appendix(es)

BSc (Econ.)

bachelor of science (economics)

AR ARA ARCA

Arkansas

BSc (Eng.)

bachelor of science (engineering)

bt

baronet

BTh

bachelor of theology

ARCM ARCO

associate of the Royal College of Music

bur.

buried

C.

command

ARIBA

associate of the Royal Institute of British

associate of the Royal

Academy

associate of the Royal College of Art

associate of the Royal College of Organists

Architects

circa

c.

capitulumpl. capitula: chapter(s)

CA

California

Cantab.

Cantabrigiensis

cap.

capitulumpl. capitula: chapter(s)

CB

companion of the Bath

CBE CBS

commander of the Order of the British Empire

cc

cubic centimetres

C$

Canadian dollar

August

CD

compact disc

Arizona

Cd

command

air-raid precautions

art.

article

associate of the Royal

Red Cross

associate of the Royal Scottish /

Academy

item

Army Service Corps

Asch

Austrian Schilling

ASDIC

Antisubmarine Detection Investigation

Committee ATS

Auxiliary Territorial Service

ATV

Associated Television

Aug AZ

published

c.

ARP ARRC ARSA ASC

[identifier for

parliamentary papers]

[identifier for

published

parliamentary papers]

b.

bom

BA

bachelor of arts

BA (Admin.)

bachelor of arts (administration)

Academy of Film and Television Arts

BAFTA BAO

bachelor of arts in obstetrics

bap.

baptized

British

Columbia Broadcasting System

CE

Common (or Christian) Era

cent.

century

cf.

compare

CH

Companion of Honour

chap.

chapter

ChB

bachelor of surgery

Cl

Imperial Order of the

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency

CID

Criminal Investigation Department

CIE

companion of the Order of the Indian Empire

against tuberculosis]

Cie

Compagnie

BCh

bachelor of surgery

CLit

companion of literature

BChir

bachelor of surgery

CM

master of surgery

BCL

bachelor of civil law

cm

centimetre(s)

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BC

before Christ

/

Company

common (or Christian) era

BCE

before the

BCE

bachelor of civil engineering

BCG

bacillus of Calmette

and Guerin [inoculation

Crown of India

(•I

NI

KM

ABRRI VIATIONS

vi

enmnund lidrnlifirr

lot

publuhcd

par liamrniarv paprr»|

CMC

companion of hr Ordrr of

Si

f

Si

Mu h.irl and

Georgr

command lidrnlifirr for published parliamrntarv paprr*|

edit

edition

EEC

European Economic Community

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EICS

East India

Company Service

EMI

Electrical

and Musical Industries

Eng.

English

enl.

enlarged

Colorado

company

(Ltd)

Entertainments National Service Association

ENSA

county ep.

pi.

epp.

t’pistola(e)

ESP

extra-sensory perception

esp.

especially

esq.

esquire

est.

estimate / estimated

EU

European Union

ex

sold by

excl.

excludes / excluding

exh.

exhibited

exh. cat.

exhibition catalogue

corporation

Coq»

ermfn ale of secondary education companion of the Order of ihe Slarof

cst

I

India

onnccnciii

commander of

Ihe Royal Victonan Order

hundredweight

(Vft

s

l

American) dollar

III

penny

(pence):

(21

died

dame commander of the Order of the

I'BI

(lit.

out of)

British f.

Empire

pi. ff.

following [pages]

FA

Football Association

FACP

fellow of the

facs.

facsimile

FANY

First

FBA

fellow of the British

doctor of divinity

FBI

Federation of British Industries

DE

Delaware

FCS

fellow of the Chemical Society

Dec

December

Feb

February

dem

demolished

FEng

fellow of the Fellowship of Engineering

DEng

doctor of engineering

FFCM

fellow of the Faculty of Community Medicine

dn

destroyed

FGS

fellow of the Geological Society

DEC

Distinguished Flying Cross

fig

figure

DipFd

diploma

in education

FIMechE

fellow of the Institution of Mechanical

DtpPvych

diploma

in

dm

dissertation

FL

Florida

DL

deputy lieutenant

DUtt

doctor of letters

ns

fellow of the Linnean Society

DLittCelt

doctor of Celtic letters

FM

frequency modulation

fol. pi. fols.

folio(s)

Fr

French francs

diploma IK h

in child health

doctor of surgery doctor of civil law doctor of canon law

dame commander of the

DM

Royal Victorian Order

fi-

(2) doctor of medicine: doctor of musical arts

DMui

Academy

floruit

Fr.

French

dioxyribonucleic acid

FRAeS

fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society

•

DNA

Aid Nursing Yeomanry

Engineers

psychiatry

ID Deutschmark: (31

American College of Physicians

document

FRAI

fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute

DOl DPH

doctor of oriental learning

FRAM

fellow of the Royal

diploma

FRAS

(1)

DPhil

doctor of philosophy

DPM

diploma

DSC

Distinguished Service Cross

DSc

doctor of science

DSc (Econ.l

doctor of science (economics)

DSc (Eng

doctor of science (engineering)

l

in public health

in psychological

(2)

fellow

of the Royal Astronomical Society

medicine

FRCM FRCO FRCOG FRCP(C)

fellow of the Royal College of Music fellow of the Royal College of Organists fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of C.dlldUd

DSM DSO

companion of the Distinguished Service Order

DSoeSe

doctor of social science

DTech

doctor of technology

•DTh

Academy of Music

fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society:

Distinguished Service Medal

doctor of 1 hcology

FRCP (Edin.)

fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of

FRCP (Lond.)

fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of

Edinburgh

London FRCPath

fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists

tTTM

diploma

in tropical

medicine

FRCPsych

fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists

DTMH

diploma

in tropical

medicine and hygiene

FRCS

fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons

DU DDmv

doctor of the university

FRGS

fellow of the Royal Geographical Society

doctor of the university

FRIBA

fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects

dwt

pennyweight

FR1 CS

EC

European Community

fellow of the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors

ed. pi eds

edited

FRS

fellow of the Royal Society

Edin.

Edinburgh

FRSA

fellow of the Royal Society of Arts

/

edited by / editors)

GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS

vii

FRSCM

fellow of the Royal School of Church Music

ISO

companion of the Imperial Service Order

FRSE

fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

It.

Italian

FRSL

fellow of the Royal Society of Literature

ITA

Independent Television Authority

FSA

fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

ITV

Independent Television

ft

foot pi. feet

Jan

January

London

JP

justice of the peace

foot-pounds per minute [unit of horsepower]

jun.

junior

FZS

fellow of the Zoological Society

GA

Georgia

KB KBE

knight

GBE

knight or dame grand cross of the Order of the

FTCL ft-lb

per min.

fellow of Trinity College of Music,

knight of the Order of the Bath

commander of the Order of the British

Empire

KC

king’s counsel

GCB GCE

knight grand cross of the Order of the Bath

kcal

kilocalorie

general certificate of education

KCB

knight

GCH

knight grand cross of the Royal Guelphic Order

KCH

knight

GCHQ

government communications headquarters

KCIE

GCIE

knight grand commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

GCMG

knight or dame grand cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

GCSE

general certificate of secondary education

British

GCSI GCStJ

GCVO GEC

Empire

commander of the Order of the Bath commander of the Royal Guelphic Order knight commander of the Order of the ndian I

Empire

KCMG

knight

commander of the Order of St Michael

and

George

St

knight

KCSI

commander of the Order of the Star of

India

KCVO

knight

Star of India

keV

kilo-electron-volt

bailiff or dame grand cross of the order of St John ofjerusalem knight or dame grand cross of the Royal Victorian Order

KG KGB KH KLM

knight of the Order of the Garter

km

kilometre(s)

knight grand

commander of the Order of the

General Electric

[Soviet

German

GI

government (or general)

GMT

issue

committee of state

Royal Victorian Order

security]

knight of the Royal Guelphic Order Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (Royal Dutch Air Lines)

Company

Ger.

commander of the

KP

knight of the Order of St Patrick

Greenwich mean time

KS

Kansas

GP GPU

general practitioner

KT

knight of the Order of the Thistle

[Soviet special police unit]

kt

knight

GSO

general staff officer

KY

Kentucky

Heb.

Hebrew

£

pound(s) sterling

HEICS

Honourable East India Company Service

£E

Egyptian pound

HI

Hawaii

L

lira pi. lire

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus 1.

HK$

Hong Kong dollar

HM

his

/

her majesty(’s)

his

/

her majesty’s Australian ship

his

/

her majesty’s

his

/

her majesty’s ship

HMAS HMNZS HMS HMSO

New Zealand ship

His / Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

pi. 11.

line(s)

LA

Lousiana

LAA LAH

light anti-aircraft

Lat.

Latin

licentiate of the Apothecaries’ Hall,

lb

pound(s), unit of weight

LDS

licence in dental surgery

HMV

His Master’s Voice

lit.

literally

Hon.

Honourable

LittB

bachelor of letters

hp

horsepower

LittD

doctor of letters

hr

hour(s)

LKQCPI

licentiate of the

HRH

his

/

her royal highness

Dublin

King and Queen's College of

Physicians, Ireland

HTV

Harlech Television

LLA

lady literate in arts

IA

Iowa

LLB

bachelor of laws

ibid.

ibidem: in the

LLD

doctor of laws

ICI

Imperial Chemical Industries

LLM

master of laws

ID

Idaho

LM

licentiate in

IL

Illinois

LP

long-playing record

illus.

illustration

LRAM

licentiate of the Royal

illustr.

illustrated

LRCP

licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians

IN

Indiana

LRCPS (Glasgow)

licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians

in.

inch(es)

Inc.

Incorporated

incl.

includes

IOU

I

IQ.

intelligence quotient

Ir£

Irish

pound

M.pl.

IRA

Irish

Republican Army

m

same place (Ltd)

midwifery

Academy of Music

Surgeons of Glasgow

/

including

owe you

LRCS

licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons

LSA

licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries

LSD

lysergic acid diethylamide

LVO

lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order

MM.

Monsieur pi Messieurs metre(s)

and

e

NI RAI

(.I

m

j’i

mm

MA MAI

MB MBA

ABBREVIATIONS

viii

mrmhr.inofM

Mj»mi hutriu,

II

master of arts

(j|

North Dakota

n.d.

no date

NE

nuiirr of engineering I mi.

ND

hrlnr of medicine

Nebraska

nciri.

con.

new

ser.

nenilne contradicente:

unanimously

MBI

member of

NH

new series New Hampshire

Mi

Military ( .rots

NHS

National Health Service

MCC M(h

Marylelmne Cru ket Club

Nj

New Jersey

master of surscrv

NKVD

|Soviet people's

MChir

master of surgery

Ml

nm

Ml)

master of business administration the Order ol he 1

Bril ish

Empire

master ol comment I

I

I

tlo