Oxford Dictionary of National Biography - volume 14 Cranfield–Dalwood 0198613644, 9780198613640

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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography - volume 14 Cranfield–Dalwood
 0198613644, 9780198613640

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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Volume

14

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography IN ASSOCIATION

WITH

The British Academy From

the earliest times to the year

Edited by

H. C. G.

Matthew

and

Brian Harrison

Volume

14

Cranfield-Dalwood

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

2000

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0 x 2 6dp

Oxford it

I

Iniversity Press

furthers the

is

a

department of the University of Oxford,

Iniversity’s objet tive ol excellence in research, scholarship,

1

and education by publishing worldwide Oxford

in

New York

Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford

i

s

a registered trade in

the

UK and

mark of Oxford

University Press

in certain other countries

Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York

© Oxford University Press 2004 © individual copyright holders as listed in

Illustrations

Picture credits',

and reproduced with permission

Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First

All rights reserved.

No

published 2004

part of this material

may

be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate

reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department,

Oxford University Press,

at the address

above

You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication

Data

Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Data available: for details see volume

1

,

p. iv

ISBN 0-19-861364-4 (this volume) ISBN 0-19-86141 1-X (set of sixty volumes) Text captured by Alliance Phototypesetters, Pondicherry Illustrations

reproduced and archived by

Alliance Graphics Ltd,

Typeset in

OUP

UK

Swift by Interactive Sciences Limited, Gloucester

Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Butler and Tanner Ltd,

Frome, Somerset

LIST

1

OF ABBREVIATIONS

General abbreviations

AB

bachelor of arts

BCnL

ABC ABC TV

Australian Broadcasting Corporation

BCom

bachelor of commerce

ABC Television

BD

bachelor of divinity

act.

active

BKd

bachelor of education

AS

Australian dollar

BEng

bachelor of engineering

AD

anno domini

bk pi. bks

book(s)

AFC

Air Force Cross

BL

bachelor of law / letters / literature

AIDS

acquired

BLitt

bachelor of letters

AK

Alaska

BM

bachelor of medicine

AL

Alabama

BMus

bachelor of music

A level

advanced

BP

before present

ALS

associate of the Linnean Society

BP

British

AM

master of arts

Bros.

Brothers

AMICE

associate

BS

(1)

immune deficiency syndrome

level [examination]

member of the Institution of Civil

bachelor of canon law

Engineers (3)

New Zealand Army Corps

ANZAC

Australian and

appx pi. appxs

appendix(es)

AR ARA ARCA

Arkansas

ARCM

associate of the Royal College of Music

ARCO

associate of the Royal College of Organists

ARIBA

BSc

associate of the Royal

Academy

associate of the Royal College of Art

bachelor of science; British standard

(2)

bachelor of surgery;

bachelor of science

BSc (Econ.) BSc

Petroleum

(Eng.)

bachelor of science (economics) bachelor of science (engineering)

bt

baronet

BTh

bachelor of theology

bur.

buried

C.

associate of the Royal Institute of British

command

[identifier for

published

parliamentary papers]

Architects

ARP

ARRC ARSA

c.

circa

c.

capitulumpl. capitula: chapter(s)

CA

California

Cantab.

Cantabrigiensis

cap.

capitulumpl. capitula: chapter(s)

CB CBE CBS

companion of the Bath

cc

cubic centimetres

precautions

air-raid

associate of the Royal

Red Cross

associate of the Royal Scottish

Academy

item

art.

article

ASC

Army Service Corps

Asch

Austrian Schilling

ASDIC

Antisubmarine Detection Investigation

/

Committee

commander of the Order of the British Empire Columbia Broadcasting System

ATS

Auxiliary Territorial Service

ATV Aug AZ

Associated Television

C$

Canadian dollar

August

CD

compact disc

Arizona

Cd

command

[identifier for

published

parliamentary papers]

b.

bom

BA BA (Admin.)

bachelor of arts (administration)

BAFTA

British

bachelor of arts

Academy of Film and Television Arts

BAO

bachelor of arts in obstetrics

bap.

baptized

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BC

before Christ

BCE

befor.e the

BCE

bachelor of civil engineering

BCG

bacillus of Calmette

CE

Common (or Christian) Era

cent.

century

cf.

compare

CH

Companion of Honour

chap.

chapter

ChB

bachelor of surgery

Cl

Imperial Order of the

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency

CID

Criminal Investigation Department

CIE

companion of the Order of the Indian Empire

against tuberculosis!

Cie

Compagnie

BCh

bachelor of surgery

CLit

companion of literature

BChir

bachelor of surgery

CM

master of surgery

BCL

bachelor of civil law

cm

centimetre(s)

/

Company

common (or Christian) era and Guerin [inoculation

Crown of India

vi

GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS edn

edition

parliamentary papers|

EEC

European Economic Community

companion of the Order of St Michael and

EI-TA

European Free Trade Association

EICS

East India

Company Seivice

EMI

Electrical

and Musical Industries

Eng.

English

enl.

enlarged

command

St

(identifier lor

published

George

command (identifier lor published parliamentary papers|

Colorado

company

ep.

column(s) corporation certificate of

SI

Entertainments National Seivice Association

ENSA

county

companion

pi.

epp.

extra-sensory perception

esp.

especially

esq.

esquire

est.

estimate / estimated

EU

European Union

ex

sold by

excl.

excludes / excluding

exh.

exhibited

exh. cat.

exhibition catalogue

of the Order of the Star ol India

commander of the Royal Victorian Order hundredweight

lAmencan) dollar

penny (pence);

It)

(2)

died

dame commander of the Order of the

DCH DCh DCl DCnL

f.

in child health

doctor of surgery doctor of civil law doctor of canon law

dame commander of the

DD

(lit.

out of)

British

Empire diploma

epistola(e)

ESP secondary education

Connecticut

(Ltd)

Royal Victorian Order

doctor of divinity

pi. ff.

following (pages|

FA

Football Association

FACP

fellow of the American College of Physicians

facs.

facsimile

FANY

First

FBA

fellow of the British

FBI

Federation of British Industries

Aid Nursing Yeomanry

Academy

Delaware

FCS

fellow of the Chemical Society

Dec

December

Feb

February

dom DEng

demolished

FEng

fellow of the Fellowship of Engineering

doctor of engineering

FFCM

fellow of the Faculty of Community Medicine

destroyed

FGS

fellow of the Geological Society

fig-

figure

FIMechE

fellow of the Institution of Mechanical

DFC

Distinguished Flying Cross

DipEd

diploma

in

DipPwh

diploma

in psychiatry

dm

education

Engineers FL

dissertation

ft-

deputy lieutenant doctor ofletters

DLin

doctor of Celtic letters

DLillCcll

DM

1

1

1

Deutschmark;

(3)

(

2)

doctor of medicine;

doctor of musical arts

Florida floruit

FI.S

fellow of the Linnean Society

FM

frequency modulation

fol. pi. fols.

folio(s)

Fr

French francs

Fr.

French

DMm

i!"