Make: Electronics: learning by discovery [2. ed] 9781680450262, 1680450263

Table of contents :
Copyright......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 7
What’s New in the Second Edition......Page 9
Preface: How to Have Fun with This Book......Page 11
How to Contact Us......Page 14
The Multimeter......Page 15
Values......Page 17
Batteries and Connectors......Page 18
Fuse......Page 19
Resistors......Page 20
Setting Up Your Meter......Page 21
Fundamentals: Ohms......Page 22
Measuring Your Tongue......Page 23
Further Investigation......Page 24
Background: The Man Who Discovered Resistance......Page 25
Caution: Use a Small Battery......Page 26
Generating Heat with Current......Page 27
Fundamentals: Volt Basics......Page 28
How to Blow a Fuse......Page 29
Fundamentals: Direct and Alternating Current......Page 30
Background: Father of Electromagnetism......Page 31
Fundamentals: Decoding Resistors......Page 32
Lighting an LED......Page 34
Cleanup and Recycling......Page 35
Look Inside Your Potentiometer......Page 36
Dimming Your LED......Page 37
Measuring Potential Difference......Page 38
Checking the Flow......Page 39
Checking the Current......Page 40
Making Measurements......Page 41
Fundamentals: Series and Parallel......Page 42
Using Ohm’s Law......Page 43
How Big a Resistor?......Page 44
Theory: The Math on Your Tongue......Page 45
Background: The Watt......Page 46
Background: The Origins of Wattage......Page 47
Lemon Test: Part One......Page 48
Theory: The Nature of Electricity......Page 49
Background: Positive and Negative......Page 50
Theory: Basic Measurements......Page 51
Practically Speaking......Page 52
Cleanup and Recycling......Page 54
Essential: Small Long-Nosed Pliers......Page 55
Optional: Flush Cutters......Page 56
Essential: Breadboards......Page 57
Essential: Hookup Wire......Page 59
Jumpers......Page 60
Essential: Tactile Switch......Page 61
Essential: Trimmer Potentiometer......Page 62
Essential: Capacitors......Page 63
What You Will Need......Page 64
Fundamentals: All About Switches......Page 65
Checking Continuity......Page 67
Background: Early Switching Systems......Page 68
Introducing Schematics......Page 69
Fundamentals: Basic Schematic Symbols......Page 70
Schematic Layout......Page 72
Colored Conductors......Page 73
Procedure......Page 74
What’s Going On Inside......Page 76
Opening It Up......Page 77
Fundamentals: Relay Terminology......Page 79
A Beginner’s Board......Page 80
Making Jumpers......Page 81
Inside the Board......Page 82
Relay Circuit, Revealed......Page 83
Making It Buzz......Page 84
Adding Capacitance......Page 85
Fundamentals: Capacitor Basics......Page 86
Fundamentals: Fault Tracing......Page 87
Charging a Capacitor......Page 89
An RC Network......Page 90
Background: The Time Constant......Page 91
Experimental Verification......Page 93
Capacitive Coupling......Page 94
Displacement Current......Page 95
Alternating Current......Page 96
The Finger Test......Page 98
Inside the Finger Test......Page 99
Adding a Potentiometer......Page 100
Voltage and Current......Page 102
Fundamentals: All About NPN and PNP Transistors......Page 103
Fundamentals: Transistors and Relays......Page 104
Fluctuations......Page 105
Step by Step......Page 107
But How Does It Start?......Page 108
A Processed Pulse......Page 109
Still More Mods......Page 110
Background: Mounting a Loudspeaker......Page 111
Essential: Power Supply......Page 113
Essential: Low-Power Soldering Iron......Page 114
Essential: Helping Hand......Page 115
Optional: Clip-on Meter Test Leads......Page 116
Optional: Desoldering Equipment......Page 117
Optional: Miniature Hand Saw......Page 118
Essential: Solder......Page 119
Essential: Copper Alligator Clips......Page 120
Essential: Project Boxes......Page 121
Diodes......Page 122
Your First Solder Joint......Page 123
Fundamentals: Eight Soldering Errors......Page 125
Background: Soldering Alternatives......Page 126
Your Second Solder Joint......Page 127
Insulating the Solder Joint......Page 128
Caution: Heat Guns Do Get Hot!......Page 129
Step One: Cut and Measure......Page 130
Step Two: Soldering......Page 131
Twelve Steps to a Shorter Cord......Page 132
What You Will Need......Page 135
Rules for Heat Sinking......Page 137
Fluctuations Revisited......Page 138
Bend Wires, Add Solder......Page 140
Finishing the Job......Page 141
Background: Maddened by Measurement......Page 143
Wish List......Page 146
A Break-to-Make Transistor Circuit......Page 147
Self-Locking Relay......Page 149
Blocking Bad Voltage......Page 150
One Problem Creates Another......Page 151
Protection Diode......Page 152
Time to Breadboard......Page 153
Reference: Take-Home Messages......Page 154
Chapter 4. Chips, Ahoy!......Page 155
Fundamentals: Choosing Chips......Page 156
Essential: Subminiature Slide Switch......Page 157
Optional Extras......Page 158
Experiment 16: Emitting a Pulse......Page 159
Monostable Test......Page 160
Timing the Pulse......Page 163
Fundamentals: Timer Duration......Page 164
Theory: Inside the 555 in Monostable Mode......Page 165
Fundamentals: Bistable Mode......Page 166
Background: How the Timer Was Born......Page 167
Caution: Not All Timers Are Equal......Page 168
Astable Test......Page 169
Theory: Inside the 555 in Astable Mode......Page 171
Fundamentals: Unequal On-Off Cycles......Page 172
Chaining Chips......Page 173
Sounding Like a Siren......Page 176
What You Will Need......Page 177
Step 1......Page 178
Step 2......Page 179
Step 3......Page 181
Finalizing......Page 184
Most Common Perfboarding Errors......Page 186
The Project Box......Page 187
Soldering the Switches......Page 189
Alarm Installation......Page 190
Conclusion......Page 191
Caution: Be Careful When Grounded......Page 192
A Quick Demo......Page 193
Fundamentals: LED Displays......Page 195
Fundamentals: The Counter......Page 196
A Control System......Page 198
The Delay......Page 200
How Does It Work?......Page 201
Extra Digits......Page 202
Calibration......Page 203
Next?......Page 204
The Regulator......Page 205
Your First Logic Gate......Page 206
Background: Logical Origins......Page 208
Fundamentals: Logic Gate Basics......Page 210
Background: The Confusing World of TTL and CMOS......Page 211
Fundamentals: Part Numbers and Functions......Page 212
Fundamentals: Rules for Connecting Logic Gates......Page 214
What You Will Need......Page 215
A Three-Part Circuit......Page 216
More than One Button?......Page 217
Time to Build!......Page 218
Dealing with Diodes......Page 220
The Computer Interface......Page 221
Enhancements......Page 223
The Goal......Page 224
A Conceptual Experiment......Page 225
Breadboarding It......Page 230
Experiment 23: Flipping and Bouncing......Page 232
What You Will Need......Page 233
Debouncing with NORs......Page 234
Jamming Versus Clocking......Page 236
A Binary Counter......Page 237
Counter Testing......Page 238
Rising Edge, Falling Edge......Page 240
Converting to Modulus 6......Page 241
Not Using a Seven-Segment Display......Page 242
Choosing the Gates......Page 243
The Finished Circuit......Page 245
Chained Counters......Page 247
The Slowdown Problem......Page 248
Slowdown Alternatives......Page 249
Customizing Your Work Area......Page 251
On the Bench......Page 254
Books......Page 256
Fundamentals: A Two-Way Relationship......Page 257
Theory: Inductance......Page 258
Background: Joseph Henry......Page 260
Procedure......Page 261
Lighting an LED......Page 262
Optional Extensions......Page 263
Caution: Blood Blisters and Dead Media......Page 264
Charging a Capacitor......Page 265
Procedure......Page 266
Background: Origins of Loudspeakers......Page 267
Theory: Sound, Slectricity, and Sound......Page 268
Experiment 28: Making a Coil React......Page 269
Procedure......Page 270
Resistors, Capacitors, and Coils......Page 271
What You Will Need......Page 272
A Single Chip......Page 273
Test, 1-2-3......Page 274
Adventures in Audio......Page 276
Theory: Waveforms......Page 277
Background: Crossover Networks......Page 279
Making the Mods......Page 281
Background: Clipping......Page 282
Background: Stomp-Box Origins......Page 283
What You Will Need......Page 285
Step 1: The Coil......Page 286
Caution: High Voltage!......Page 287
Antenna and Ground......Page 288
Theory: How Radio Works......Page 290
Definitions......Page 292
One Board, Many Chips......Page 293
Beware of Imitations?......Page 294
Setup......Page 295
Windows Installation......Page 296
Mac Installation......Page 297
The Old Arduino Blink Test......Page 298
Verify and Compile......Page 300
Upload and Run......Page 301
Background: Origins and Options Among Programmable Chips......Page 302
Individual Components: Advantages......Page 303
Experiment 33: Checking the Real World......Page 304
Using a Thermistor......Page 305
Range Conversion......Page 306
What, No Output?......Page 307
Hysteresis......Page 308
Line by Line......Page 309
Enhancements......Page 310
Randomicity......Page 311
Pseudocode......Page 312
Button Inputs......Page 313
The System Clock......Page 314
Hardware Setup......Page 315
Now, the Program......Page 316
The “for” Loop......Page 318
Creating a New Function......Page 319
Structure......Page 320
But Is It Too Difficult?......Page 321
Other Microcontrollers......Page 322
In Closing......Page 323
Searching and Shopping Online......Page 325
General Search Techniques......Page 326
Which to Click First?......Page 327
A Real-Life Search......Page 328
Killing Autocomplete......Page 329
Supplies......Page 330
Components......Page 331
Components for Chapter One......Page 333
Components for Chapter Three......Page 335
Components for Chapter Four......Page 336
Components for Chapter Five......Page 337
Tools and Equipment for Chapter One......Page 338
Tools and Equipment for Chapter Three......Page 339
Suppliers......Page 340
Index......Page 341
About the Author......Page 349

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