Late roman Amphorae in the Western Mediterranean. A typology and economic study: the Catalan evidence 0860542505, 9780860542506

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Late Roman Amphorae in· the Western Mediterranean :~

.

A typology and economic study: the Catalan evidence

s. J. Keay Part (i)

;.

I

BAR International Series 196 (i) 1984

B.A.R. 122 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7BP, England

To Ni na and

GENERAL EDITORS

the paisos Catalans

A.R. Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D .Phi1D.R. Walker, M.A.

B.A.R.-S196,1984 : 'Late Roman Amphorae in the Western Mediterranean'.

~

S.J.Keay,1984

Price r. 32.00 post free throughout the world. Payments made in currency other than sterling must be calculated at the current rate of exchange. Cheques _should be made payable to B.A.R. and sent to the above address.

ISBN

0 86054 250 5

For details of all BAR publications in print· please write to the above address. Information on new titles is sent regularly on request, with no obligation to purchase. Volumes are distributed direct from the publisher. All BAR prices are inclusive of postage by surface mail anywhere in the world. Printed in Great Britain iii

11 11

Type lB

v

II

Introducti on Fourteen years have elapsed since the publication of Beltran's 'las anforas Romanas en Espana'. This was a milestone in the history of pottery StUd1 eS L Sl nce 1t provided a unified typology for the many varieties of Roman amphorae found in Hispania between the second century BC and the sixth century AD. For many years, amphorae had recieved little academic attention because the subject app~ared dauntingly complex and a comprehensive synthesis did not exist. Beltran's rmnograph fulfilled this requirement and at the same time, reflected the rel atively untapped ri chness of Roman archaeology in the Iberi an peninsula. Its appearance coincided with an upsurge of interest in Roman trade in the western Mediterranean, and amphorae became the tools of students in that field.

I .?'~ ~~.

Beltran's book is fundamental reading for anyone attempting to~ study amphorae. Despite much research in recent years, his typologyl/ for the peri od between the second century BC and the second century AD is sti 11' basically val id. However, recent work at Osti a, Benghazi and ~ the UNESCO excava~s a~grtQ~e, have produced such a large variety of late Ranan amphorae and radical changes in dating, that his typology for the subsequent period is no longer tenable. The aim of this volume is to present a new typology for late Roman amphorae, based upon si te fi nds from the north-eastern coast of Spain. The work is divided into three chapters. The first is a detailed analysis of the dating evidence for the amphorae from Catalan sites. The second chapter begins with a short history of the study of late Roman amphorae, followed by the typology itself. The third chapter is a detailed discussion about the production and distribution and late Roman amphorae in the western Mediterranean. ~' ,,' \)

~~.. 3~....,;:\.i~..>J~""":, -)0 "~,,

The time scale covered by the typology and discussion is\6etw~en the later second and the later sixth century AD. Both dates~orre­ spond to important economic changes in Roman Spain, which arereflected in many aspects of the archaeological evidence. In the context of amphorae, the former date witnessed a sharp fall in the production of southern Spanish ol,ive oil (transported in Dressel 20 amphorae), the irrport of south Gauli sh wi ne (Dressel 30/Peli ch et 47 amphorae) and the first appearance of north African olive oil amphorae in the western Mediterranean. By contrast, the latter date marks the final disappearance of African oil amphorae from sites in Hispania after the Byzanti ne reconquest of the western Mediterranean.

To gain a sufficiently large sarrple, the late amphorae from thirty-three i nd;vidual sites were studied. These are located within the prqvi nces of Girona, Barcelona and Tarr.:agona in modern Catal unya (Fig. 2): in antiquity this corresponded to the greater part of the conventus Tarraconensis, the north eastern coast of the Roman province jr\" of Hispania Tarraconensis. The large majority of the material studied J!'\' consi sted of unpubl ished groups from 1arge urban si tes. The amphorae ",.ere arranged in a new typological sequence. In an attempt to clarify the dating of individual types and provide a more objective ba.sis to. the discussi on in Chapter I II, the amphorae were quantified whenever J possible; Previously published amphorae were redrawn and their dating eVidence reassessed.

I

vii

This is a departure from the approach favoured by Beltran.

His

typolog~ was a continuation of the numerical sequence established by Lamb~gll a~ Almagro and ?thers. Moreover, for the most part, he was

work1ng w1th amphorae Wh1Ch had already been published. .

. It

is

hoped

that in producing a typology for late amphorae amphorae, this complex subject wi 11 become ~as1~r to understand. There is a detailed description of the clay fa~nc, for each type, which will greatly assist the task' of identifY1ng ampho~a fragments i~ the field. Moreover, each type is' thoroughly cross-referenced w1th published site-typologies and individual ve ss~l s. t~ roughout the western Mediterranean. In thi sway, the dat i ng of .1 nd1~ldual. types presented here wi 11 be of importance to archaeo~OglStS 1n Spa1n, Italy, north Africa, southern France and elsewhere 1n t he western Emp ir e.

d1s~lnct from earl ier

Amphorae are larg~ pottery ~ontainers manufactured to carry a v~nety o~ foodstuffs. Slnce the kllns, production areas and commodit:es ~arr:ed by some ty~es are known, it is generally assumed that the d1str:but1on ?f. certa1n types will reflect the pattern of trade in certa1n commod1t1~S. . This ,is a subject only lightly touched upon by Beltran, but ~~ch 1S becoming increasingly contentious in British French and Ital,l an ac ademi c scho larshi p. Chapter II I is an attempt t~ underst~nd the character of late Ranan trade in the western Mediterra,nean,. 1n so far as it i~ reflected in the di stribution of amphorae. It 1S concluded th~t dunng the late [rrpire, the requirements of the S~ate. P!~yed an lm~ortant role in stimulating the production ahd d1stnbu~lon of certaln foodstuffs. This continued under the control o~ the Vandal and Visigot~ic Kings of Africa and Spain, although the d1sappe~rance of cen~r~ll sed Ranan control in AD 475 provided entrepreneunal opportumt1es for eastern Mediterranean shippers and merchants. .

I~

is only through being aware of such economic and political trends 1n the wes~ern Mediterranean,.that.the full impact and signifi~~ cance of late Roman amphorae on Span1sh sltes will b~ understood.

Acknowledg anents The work presented here formed part of a Ph.D. thesis undertaken at the Institute of Archaeology, University of London under the supervision of Professor J. Wilkes between 1977 and 1983. This volume comprises Chapters I, II and I II of the thesis and is fundamentally unch anged. However, Chapters I and II I have been rewritten and referenc es up to ea r ly 1984 ha ve be en i nco rpora ted. At least three of the six years research for the thesis were srE nt in Catalunya. It is with the greatest pleasure that I am able to record my ,gratitude to many people there, for their friendship, hospital Hy and assistance. My greatest debt of gratitude must go to Enri c Sanmarti and Jose Maria Nolla. For six years they have provided constant encouragement, hospitality and assistance of every kind. They have also imparted me wi th an understa ndi ng of the subt let i es of Cat a 1an cu 1ture. They gave me introductions to many museums and permission to work on material from the Museu Arqueologic de Barcelona, Museu Mongrafic d 'Empuries and la Ci utadella de Roses. In G'irona, I would like to thank Aurora Martin of the Servei d'Investigacions Arqueologiques de la Diputacio de Girona for permission to study the late amphorae from the current excavations at La Ci utadella de Roses, and the use of the archaeological 1 ibrary. Other members of the Servei to whom I owe a personal debt of gratitude are Javier Nieto, Entiquetta Pons and Josep Casas. At Banyoles, Josep Tarrus - i Galter for encouragement and understandi ng duri ng our joi nt directi on of the excavations at Vi lauba and in related work. In Barcelona I owe a debt of gratitude for the liberal assi stance and personal encouragement of Jose Oriol Granados and Esperanza Manera during my work at the Museu d'Historia de la Ciutat de Barcelona. Also to Pa,u Verrie for permission to work on the late amphorae from excavations within the town of Barcino, and use of the library. In

the Valles, I am in the debt of Eulal ia Morral and Domenech Miquel for material assistance, .hospitality, and for permission to study the lat~ amphorae in the Monasteri de Sant Cugat dels Valles. At the Museu Parroquial de Palau Solitar (Palaude Plegamans), Sr. Don Lluis Ventura" for permission to study the material from the excavati ohs of Can Sammaruga and' La Guanta. At Sabadell, the Di rector and staff of the Museu d'Historia de Sabadell for permission to study the 'pottery from the excavations of Le Sal ut and other unpublished s~tes in the termino'Municipal of Sq.badell. At Terrassa, Joan Saladngas and Llorenc Muntada for permission to study the amphorae from the vaults of the church of Santa Maria de Terrassa. At Tarragona I have a debt of gratitude to the Director of the Museu Arqueologic Provinci al de Tarragona, Sr. Don Josep Tarrats for hospital ity, encouragement, assi stance, and the permi ssion to study the late amphorae and pottery in the Museu,Arqueologic ~nd the ~useu Palaeocristia. Also, the -staff of the Musen- Arqueolog1c, espec1ally Walfida Perez, Eustaqui Valles and Estanis Papaseit. Also Lourdes Avella for allowing me to see her dissertation on the coins from the Palaeochristi an cemetery at Tarragona.

vi i i ix

In the Maresme, Pepita Padro of the Museu Municipal de Badalona, and at Mataro, the staff of the Museu Municipal and the Seccio Arqueologic. Finally, I would like to thank Lleandre Villaronga for general help and encouragement, and a large number of people throughout Catalunya for hospitality and encouragement - especially Sr. Don Josep Gisbert Jordi Miro and Jordi Ibanez Nolla. In Italy, I would like to thank Clementina Panella and Daniele Manacorda for comments on some of the late amphora forms, and in providi ng me with unpubl ished parallels. Also Paul Arthur for continued encouragement and hospital ity in Rome and Naples and for many fruitful di scussions on aspects of the Roman economy. In France, I must thank Marie Pierre Jezegou for allowing me to cite late amphorae from a wreck in Fos sur Mer, and Mmlle. Brigitte Wattier for furnishing me with copies of her drawings of the amphorae from the cemetery of Saint Seurin (Bordeaux).

CONTENTS Page PART ONE

Acknowledgements

ix

Contents

xi

Finally, I would like to thank the participants of seminars at the Universities of Durham, Reading, and London (Institute of Archaeology), for stimulating discussions and fresh ideas.

Notes 1.

Terminology. Modern Catalunya comprises the four )provinces of Glrona, Lleida, Barcelona and·Tarragona. In antiquity this corresponded to the greater part of the conventus Tarraconensis. In t he text referen ce is made to be th of thes e. Si nce t he grant ing of limited autonomy to.Catalunya in 1977, place names in academic journals and on maps are being spelt in Catalan. For practl,cal purposes the Catalan spelling is followed here. To avoid any possible confusion, the Castilian spelling forempuries is Ampuri as; for Roses,Rosas; for Vilanova i la Geltru, Villanueva y Geltru.

2.

Drawings. All li ne drawings and maps are by the author unless stated otherwise. All amphora fragments were drawn at a scale of 1:3 and complete vessels at a scale of 1:10 (unless marked with a star); the principal measurements are listed in Appendix IIC.

3.

Photographs. All photographs are by the author unless sta ted : MHC (Mus eu de 1a hi sto ri a de 1a ci ut at) .

x

otherwise

xiv

Li st of illustrations Chapter I: THE CATALAN DATING EVIDENCE Introduction Town sites:

In England, I would like to thank Dr. Tim Potter for encouragement and for reading and commenting upon drafts of Chapter I II when it ~was in Thesis format. Also Martin Millett at Durham University for encouragement and assistance, Dr. Michael Fulford and Dr. David Peacock for encouragement and for showing me copies of the manuscripts on the African Red Sl ip and late amphorae from the Briti sh excavations at Carthage. Also, Professor John Wilkes for valuable advice and cr:iticism of the thesis.

vi i

Introduction

Emporiae (Empuries/Ampurias) A. The Palaiapolis (E/P) B. Late Roman cemetery within the Neopol is (E/A/A.l - E/A/A.5) C. The Roman town (E/A/C.1-34) D. The cemeteries of Empuri~s (E/B) Tarraco (Tarragona) A. The Pl~ca Rovellat (T/4) B. The Torre de Audiencia (T/6) C. Placa Pallol (T/10) D. Placadel Rei (T/7) E. The Lower forum (T/9) F. Rebolledo (T/5Y G. Pal aeo ch ri sti an cemet ery of Sai nt Fructuoso (T /l) H. The cemetery of Pre Martell (T/2) I. Other buri al s from the western suburbs of Tarraco (T/3) J. The amphitheatre (T/8) Barci no (Barcel'ona) A. The Placa del Rei and the Casa Padellas (B/l/1-5; B/2) B. The Tinell (B/3) C. Excavations in the Carrer.dels Comtes de Barcelona and the Placa Sant Ivo (B/4) D. Palaeochristian cemetery of Santa Maria de Mar (B/8) E. La Placa de Anionio Maura (B/7) F. The early Imperi al cemetery in La Placa de la Vila de Madrid (B/6)

xi

5 9 11

13 14 15

. 17

19 20 21

24 25 26

27

29

30 34

Page

Page Rural sites in the campo de Barcelona G. The cemetery beneath the Ospedal de Sant Pablo (B/9) H. Montjuic (B/5) I. Cemetery in the calle Begur (B/9/4-5) Rhode (Ros es) A. The late Roman buildi ng (B/1-5) Other rural sites A. The late Roman villa of Vilauba (V/2V/5) B. Rural sites in the Valles: Can Samarruga (CS) Termi no municipal de Palau de Plegemans (Misc/G) El Monasteri de Sant Cugat del Valles (SCDV) Sant Nicolau (Sabadell: Misc/D) LaS~ut (Sabadell: LaS) C. Sites in the Emporda Ventallo (Misc/A) Camp de la Gruta (Mi sc/B) D. Occasional finds from Roman towns Gerunda (Girona: Misc/C Misc/C2) Egara (Terrassa: TE/1-3)

36

37 38 39

40

t:-

Southern Spanish amphorae: 1. Amphorae related to Dressel 20 pr oducti on ' 2. Amphorae related to to fish( sauce producti on

428 431 432

, Amphora fabri c des cri pt ions I ntroduc'ti on Descriptions

433

446 447

468

Appendi x II B

Size groupings of late Ranan amphorae

472

Appendi x II C

Principle measurements of late amphorae

474

Appe ndi x II I

Quantificati on of late Ranan amphorae

606

Appendix IV

Distribution of late amphorae in the western Medi terrane an

631

Appendi x V

Archaeological' contexts for late Roman amphorae

665

399 400

Appendix VI

Concordance of drawi ngs wi th pre.vious Spani sh publications

687

402

Bibl iography

71 76 95 392

691

. 405 xi i i

xii

409 414 417 427

Late Ranan amphorae - princi pal measurements of types where the complete forms are known

THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LATE AMPHORAE IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN: LATE 2ND TO LATE 6TH CENTURY AD

Introduction Late production in Tarraconensis

East Mediterranean amphorae Mauretanian amphorae Conc lusi on A. The import of foodstuffs into the conventus Tarraconensis between the end of the second and the late sixth century AD B. Production and exchange of foodstuffs during ,the Jate Empire in/the western Mediterranean

408

Ap Pe ndi x IIA

PART TWO

Chapt er I II:

406

Appendi x I

Chapter II: LATE ROMAN AMPHORA TYPOLOGY -Introduction Site identification key Type seri es '. Summary of dating and origin of amphora types

*'

North Afri can production: 1. Tri po1i tani an amphorae 2. Tunisian amphorae A. Precedents B. First period of production C. Seco nd pe ri od of pr oducti on D. Third period of production E. The end of pr oducti on

I i

.

~ 11

Figures Page Frontispiece:

Plan of the Palaeochristian cemetery at Tarragona, showing the location of /identified amphora burial s (Appendix IIA.7 and 8).

58

12

Plan of the Palaeochristian cemetery of Pere Marte11 at Tarragona (Del Amo M. 1971/1972).

59

12A

Plan of the amphitheatre and Visigothic Basilica at Tarragona (Schlunk H. & Hauschild T. 1978).

60

128

Plan of the excavations at the Placa del Rei/Casa Padellas at Barcino.

61

13

Plan of the late Roman cemetery of the Placa del Rei at Barcino. .

61 A

13A

Plan of the excavations in the Placa Sant Ivo and the Calle de les Condes de Barcelona at Barcino.

62

14

Pl an of the Pal aeochri sti an cemetery of Santa Maria del Mar at Barcino (Ribas M. 19t77, with addi ti ons) .

63

'49

15

Section through the Pal aeochristi an cemetery of Santa Maria del Mar at Barcino (Ribas M. 1977).

64

50

15A

Plan of the cemetery of the Ospedal de Sant Pablo . (Almagro M. et al 1945).

65

15B

Plan of the late Roman cemetery .in the Barrio de Sants (Sol J. & Roda 1. 1972).

66

16

Plan'of the late Roman building at la Ciutadella de Roses (by courtesy of the Servei d'lnvestigaciones Arqueologiques de la Diputacio de Girona).

v 2

2

4

2A

43

3

44

3A

45

3B

46

.3C

47

4

4a

5 Plan of the Estruch cemetery (Empori ae).

5B

Plan.of the Castellet cemetery (Errporiae): detall s.

6

Plan of the Placa Rovellat at Tarraco.

6A

Schematic section through the Sector I of the Placa Rovellat at Tarraco: the lettered contexts ~efer to the archaeological contexts recorded ln Appendix V; this shows the code ' n~ber~ of the different pottery bags from the' slte (l.e. the. archaeological -loci:. in' capital letters) and dlfferent areas within Sector I (small.letters) set against the heights, strata, and Whl te rrortar floor recorded by Berges.

53

7

Plan of the Torre de Audiencia at Tarraco.

54

8

Secti on through the Torre de Au dienci a.

55

9

The forms and dates of Afri can Red Sl ip from the Torre de Audienci a. .

56 '

Plan of the Rebolledo at Tarraco (courtesy of the Museu Arqueologic Provincial de Tarragona).

57

10

Page

I

11

Type IB amphorae from Errporiae (ElA/C/l)

T~e provinces of Hispania during the fourth and flfth century AD.

5A

I

xiv

51 52

17 l7A

18

67 j

Gener alp 1an of t he vi 11a of Vi 1auba (1983). Plan of theVisigothic BaSilica and late Roman defensi ve wall at SantCugatdels Valles (Ban:al i . Altet X. 1974 with additions). Key to the nomenclature of Jate Ranan amphorae.

68 69

78

Complete/semi-complete amphorae (all at scale of 1:10, unless marked by a star). 19

Mana Cl; Type IB; VBis; IV.

79

20

Types

~V,

80

21

Types

~IIIC,

VII, IX, X. XIV, XVI, XXII, XIX. xv

81

Page

22

Types XIX, XXI, XXIII, XXIIIBis, xUX.

23

Type XXV variants.

82 83

24

Type XXV va ri ants.

84

25

Types XIX, XXV, XLVI.

85

26

Types XXVII, LI, XXIX, XXVIII.

86

27

Types XXV, XXX, LXXVI, XXXV.

87

28

Types XXXV, XX; E/B/E.58 (Type LIV), T/l/46 (Type LIV), Necropolis Marti, burial XI (Type LXXXV), B/8/25 (Type LIV) as portrayed by BeltY'an Lloris (1970), Almagro (1955) and Ribas (1967).

88

29

Types XXXI, XXXII, XXXVI, LVII.

30

Types XXV, LXXXIX, XLVII.

31

Types LV, LX, LVIII, LIV.

32

Types LXI, XLVIII, XXIV, LIII.

33

Types LXI, LXII.

34

89 90 '91

92 93

Types LXII, LIX.

94

Page

47

Types VII, VIllA, IX.

125

48

Types VII lA, XIX foot, XI foot, Mise, XCII, Dressel 7-11.

121

49

Types

50

Types X, XI.

132

51

Type XI.

135

52

Type XII.

138

53

Types XII, VII, XI foot, XVII.

139

54

Type XIIIA.

143

55

Types XII lA, XIIIB, XII IC.

144

56

Types XIIIC, XII ID.

145

5]

Txpes XII lE, XIXA, XV.

148

58

Types XIIIBis, XIII foot, XVIII, XVIA.

152

59

Type XVIA.

153

60

Types XVIB, XVIC.

154

61

Type XIXa.

161

62

Type XIXA.

162

63

Type XIXB.

163

64

Types XIXB, XIX handle, XIXC.

164

65

Type XIXC.

165

66

Type XIX. handle' and foot, Types XXI, XIXC.

166

67

Type XIX hand les/feet.

167

68

Type XX I I.

171

69

Type XXIII.

1-74

.70

Type XXII.

. 175

71

Type XXII I.

176

72

Type XXIII.

177

73

Type XXIVA, LVIII.

180

IV~

VII.

128

Amphora fragments (at a sc ale of 1: 3) " 35

Types IA, lB.

36

Type IB, and Type I Feet.

37

Type I I lA.

38

Type IIIB.

39

Type IlIA Sim, IIIB Sim.

40

Types IlIA, IIIB.

41

Type IlIA, Type III feet.

42

Types IV, Ill/IV Var, V.

43

Types IV.

44

Types V, VI.

45

Types VI.

46

Type VI foot, Type VII.

97 98 103 104 105 106 107 112 " 113

117 120 124" " xvi

,

xvii

Page 128

Types LVIC, LVIA, LVIIA, LVIIB ..

130

Types LVIIC, LVII feet, LIX

131

Type LIX, LX, LXIA.

132

Types LXIA, LXIB.

133

Types LXIB, LXIC, LXID.

134

Types LXID, LXIE, LXI, LX11A.

135

Type LXIIA.

136143

Type LXIIA.

144

Types LXIIA, LXIIB.

145

Types LXIIB, C, D.

146

Type LX11D.

147

Types LXI 10, E.

148

Types LXIIE, LXIIF.

149

Types LXIIF, LXIIG.

150

Types LXIIG, LXIIH.

151

Types LXIIH, LXIIi.

152

Types LXIIi, LXIIJ.

153

Types LXIIJ, LXIIK, LXIIL.

154.

Types LX11M, LX11N.

155

Types LXIIO, LXIIQ, LXIIV.

156

Types LXIIR~ LXIIMisc.

157

Types LXII foot: Var. A.

158

Type LXII foot:

159

Type LXII foot: Var. A, B, C.

160

Type LXII foot: Var. C, D, E, F.

161

Type LXII foot: Var. F, H, I, J, K, L, N, O.

Page

296

162

Type LXII foot: Var. M; E, Miscellaneous.

344

163

Type LXII handles

345

164

Types LXIII, LXIV, LXVIII, LXXIV.

351

165

Type LXV.

355

166

Type LXV, LXVII, LXVIV.

356

167

Types LXIX, LXXI.

361

168

Types LXX.

363

311 318

169

Types LXXIII, LXII, LXXV, LXXVI.

365

320

170

Types LXXIXA, LXXIXB, LXXIX,

322

171

North Afri can hand le fragments: LXXVII .

172

Types XIB, LXXVIII.

373

173

Types VBi s, LXXXIV.

317

174

Types LXXXV, XIC, LXXXVI, LXXXVIII.

378

175

Types LX XXIX, IlIA 5im, XC.

381

176

Types XCIA, XCIB, XCIII.

383

297 301 .'

1

'306

307 308 310

323 324 326 327 328 329

117

330

Var. A.

XCVI~

LXXX, LXXXI.

371

mi scellaneous:

372

Type XCI: north Afri c an ha nd 1es . . Mi scellaneous hand les.

386

332

178 '

Miscellaneous feet.

387

333

179

Miscellaneous feet.

388

336

180

Miscellaneous feet.

389

337

.181

Miscellaneous stamp, graffiti andtituli picti

390

339

182

Mi scellaneQu~" amphora, graffiti and titu 1i pi cti

391

340

183

African Red 51 ip and Palaeochristi an orange were from Can Sammaruga.

398A

p'

. 341

184

Map of Africa in the late Roman and Vandal pe ri od, a nd key.

185

Comparati ve percentages of 1ate amphorae from closed Catalan deposits (source: Appendix 111 from sites'E/P, B/3-4, TI1, T/4, T/6). -

342 343

xx ):(xi

·413 418

Page 186

Quantification of amphorae from sites T/l, T/4,

Page

422

T/6, E!P, B/J-4.·

Photographs of Catalan Sites

\

187

Pattern of imports into Catal unya: fr om all depos its

sherd count

188

Mauretanian (amphora) exports in the western Medi terrane an.

425

199. 1

General view of the sector of the Pa1aeochristi an cemetery of Tarragona (T/l) excavated in 1935, and preserved adjacent to the Museu Paleocristia de Tarragona. View of the interior of the Torre de Audiencia (T/6), showing the south entrance and st aircase.

716

Site of the excavations in the Placa del Rei (T/7), adjacent to the Torre de Pi latos, Tarragona. Roman gateway in the Placa de Pallol (T/rO), at Tarragona.

717

201

Aeri al view of the excavations in the Placa del Rei (B/2), Barcelona (Photo MHC).

718

202

Section through the late Roman cemetery in the Placa del Rei (B/2) at Ba rc el on a. Thi s demonstrates the relationship between the cemetery and the earlier colonnade (Photo MHC).

719

203

View to the south, across the Placa del Rei (B/2), showing buri als in the late Ranan cemetery above earl ier structures (Photo MHC).

720

204

View of late Ranan amphora buri als at the cemetery of San Pablo, Barcelona (B/9: Photo MHC) .

721

205

Type LVA (B/9/1) amphora from the cemetery of San Pablo (Pho'to MHC).

722

" 436

2

189

Tripolitanian (amphora) exports in the western Medi terrane an.

437

190

Late Baetican (amphora) exports in the western Medi terrane an.

438

191

African (amphora) exports in the western Mediterrane an: period 1 (late second to late third century. AD).

439

African (amphora) exports in the western Mediterranean: peri od II (early fourth century to 450 AD).

440

African '(amphora) exports in the western Mediterranean: peri od I II (450/475 AD until the midllater sixth century AD).

441

194

East Mediterranean (amphora) exports in the v..este rn Mediterrane an.

442

194A

Political map of the western Mediterranean in the early sixth century AD.

443

194B

The western Mediterranean during the later sixth century AD.

444

195

Size grouping of late Roman amphorae (Appendix IIB).

473

Amphorae from the Depositi dei Mercati Traianei at Rome: the Mus eo Arq ueo 1ogi co de Sevi 11 a and Barcelona. .

713

197

Amphorae from the Deposito dei Mercati Traianei at Rane.

714

2

198

Amphorae from the Deposito dei Mercati Traianei at Rome and in the Museu Arqueo10gico de Sevi11a.

,715

4-

192

193

196

200. 1

2

Photographs of 1ate amphorae and amphora buri al s i n- situ . 206.1

3 5 6

7

xxii

Type IB amphora in situ (E!A/C.l), crushed beneath the weight of col lapsed roof tiles in a thermopolium at Empuries (Photo, J. Nleto); Detail of E/A/D.l (Type IIIB, Photo J.M. Nolla) ; T/l/248 (Type IIIB Sim); T/l/65 (Type IlIA Sim); T/l/83 (Type IlIA); B/8/1(Type IIIIV Var); B/8/6 (Type IV).

xxiii

72A

Page 207.1 2 3

(4

T/l/28 (Type IIIB Sim); T/l/208 (Type V); T/l/25 (Type XI); Detail ofElA/C.33 (Type XVIA, Photo J.M.

725

10 11 12 208.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13

14' 209. 1 : 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11

210. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13

211 .1 2 3 4

No11a);

5 6 7 8 9

Page

5

T/l/85 (Type XIXA); T/l/57 (Type XIXA); T/l/274 (TypeXIXB); (T/l/243 (Type XIXC); T/l/50 (Type XXII); T/l/51 (Type XXIII); T/l/216 rim (Type X); T/l/69 (Type XIIIB).

6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13

T/l/268 (Type VII); T/l/35 (Type XXIVB); Upper rim groove of T/l/35 (Type XXIVB)'; T/1/95 (Type XXIVB); T/1/86 (Type XXIVA); T/l/23 (Type XXVG); T/l/62 (Type XXVC); . T/l/37 (Type XXVY); T/l/26 (Type XXVX); T/l/98 (Type XXVIIB - reverse side); T/l/34 (Type XXVZ.3); T/l/87B (Type XXXIV); T/l/14 (rim detail of Type XXXII); E/B/C.? (Type XXVIC).

726

E/B/C. 13 (Type LI I) ; B/8/14 (Type LVA); B/9/3 (Type LVIB); B/8/5 (Type LXIX); B/8/4 (Type LX); B/8/7 (Type LVIII); B/8/11 (Type LXIIIA); B/8/12 (Ty~e LXIIB); B/8/2 (Type LXIIA); B/8/51 (Type LXIIB); B/8/8 (Type LXIIF).

727

B/8/13 (Type LXIIl); T/l/24 (Type XCIB); T/l/20 (Type IV); T/l/91 (Type IV); T/l/6 (Type IV); T/l/78 (Type IV); T/l/77 (Type VBis); -CS/5 (Type XII IC); E/B/E.44 (Type XV); E/B/C.24 (Type XIX); T/l/ (Type XIX); T/l/57 (Type XIXA); T/l/8 (Type IV).

729

14 15 16 212. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 213.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 214. 1 2 3 4

5

E/B/C.22 (Type XXII); T/l/8 (Type XXIII); ElB/L21 (Type XXIII); T/l/19 (Type XXIII); T/12/21 (Type XXIII); T/12/22 (Type XXIII); CB/2 (Type XXIII); T/l/21 (Type XXVB); T/l/70 (Type XXVB); T/l/13 (Type XXVE); T/l/10 (Type XXVG); B/9/4 (Type XXVM); T/l/61 (Type XXVS); T/l/17 (Type XXVS); E/B/E.14 (Type XXVU); £/B/E.46 (Type XXVZ.l).

731

T/l/12 (Type XXVZ.3); T/1/7 (Type XXVB); Tll/11 (Type XXV I I) ; T/1/42 (Type XXV II ); T/1/92 (Type XXVII); T/l/2 (Type XXIVA); CS/3 (Type XXJVA); T/l/14 (Type XXXII); T/1/4 (Type XXXV A) ; 1/1/'11 (Type XXXVB); CS'-/2 (Type XXXV IB); E/B/E.42 (Type XXXVIB); E/B/E.7 (Type XXXVIB).

732

ElB/E.47 (Type XXXV 18); T/1/76 (Type XXXVB); T/l/90 (Type XXX); .. T/1/2 (Type LI); T/1/73 (Type XL IX) ; B/8/7 (Type LVlII); ElA/A. 3 (Type LI IIA) ; CB/l (Type LI lIB); TEll (Type LXIA); . TEl3 (Type LXIA);. E/B/E.38 (Type LXIIA); B/8/3 (Type LXI 10).

733

TE/2 (Type LXIB); ElB/C.l (Type .LXXXIX); E/B/E.3 (Type LIX); ElB/C.17 -(Type. LIX); Type IV amphora from the Roman port of Tarraco (Museu de Castel1arnau, Tarragona).

735

Arrphora burials in-situ 6 7-

xxiv

T/1/213 (Type XXVC: Tomb 1986); Detail. of T/l/213; xxv

Page 8 9

10 11 12 215. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 112 216.1 2

T/l/239 T/l/209 T/l/219 T/l/219 TI 11219

(Type XXVB: Tomb 1942); (Type IV: Tomb 1863?); (Type XLVII: Tomb 1912); (detail); (deta i 1 ) . CHAPTER I:

T/l/89B (Type XXVIII: Tomb 1640; T/l/271 (Type XXXBis: Tomb 1185); T/l/232A (Type XXVG: Tomb 1432 lower); T/1/232B (Type XXIX: Tomb 1432 upper); T/l/210 (Type XIX: Tomb 1963); T11/211 (Type XXVIIB: Tomb 1944); Detail of T/l/211; T/l/212 (Type XIXA: Tomb 1944); T/l/88 (Type XVII: Tomb 1612); T11/262 (Type XXXIX: Tomb 1597); T/l/220 (Type XX: Tomb 1520); .T/l/88Z (Type LIVF: Tomb 1630).

737

Amphora buri al of Type XXXVI (R/l/866) in-situ, within the Room G.IVB at the villa Romana of La Ciutadella de Roses (Photo J.M. Nolla). Type ,IX amphora from Empuri es

738

The Catalan Dating Evidence

Introduction When Mercedes Vegas pub 1i shed hersynt hesi s on Roman coarse pottery in 1973, only eight sites in the western Mediterranean had been published in sufficient detail to permit the construction of a Sites outside Spain consisted of Gabii (central broad typology. Italy), Ostia (central Italy), Sutri (Tuscany) and Albintimillium (Bordi ghera). Ten years later, the picture has changed substanti ally. The publication of the terme del Nuotatore at Ostia has continued (Ostia ll, Ill, IV), while the coarse pottery at Carthage (Hayes J. 1975; Riley J. 1976, 1976A, 1981) and Benghazi (Riley J. 1975) has benefited from patient analysis and a series of dated sealed deposits. There has al so been a lot of work on co llecti ons of pottery and the publication of kiln sites in Italy, north Africa and southern France. Although much work has been done in the Iberi an peninsula, there has been a wide range in quality. The basis of Vegas' work (1973) was the excavation at Pollentia (Malldrca: Calle Norle-Sur: Calle porticada: Cal le Nord-Oeste). This was supplemented by the excavation of the Cathedral Cloister at Tarragona (Ruger C. 1968), work at Munigua (SierraMorena),and the early excavatiohs at Numancia (Soria). vJork in subsequent years has continued with the publication of some important groups of material throughout the Peninsula. For instance: Roses (Catal unya: Marti n A. Ni eta F. NollaJ. 1979); Sentroma (Catalunya: Guitart J. 1970); Centcelles (Catalunya: Ruger C. 1969); GrauAranegui C. 1982); ltalica (Andalucia: Abad Vell (Pais Valencia: Casado 1982); Castulo (Linares: Blazquez J. 1979); Belo (Andalucia: Domergue C. et al); Santa Maria de Melque (Castille: Caballero Zoreda F. 1980); Pollentia (Mallorca: Pollentia 11). The volume of Spanish publications provides a good impression of the volume and variety of coarse and fi ne war'es on Roman sites of all periods~ 'This is true of the Mediterranean coast, although it is unfortunate that not all the coarse ware is recorded or illustrated. Consquenfly" quantitative analysis is not possible. Against this background it was clear that an attempt to construct a typology for late Roman amphorae must satisfy several conditions. First, the success of the work on amphorae at Ostia emphasi.ses that where possible, the typology should be founded upon the typologies of - individual sites wi th dated contexts. Consequently some thirty-tnree individual sites were selected. The majority of these v..ere located in the major coastal towns of the north-east corner of Hispanis Tarraconensis (the conventus Tarraconensis: modern Catalunya). The majority of material came from the provincial Capital, Tarraco _ (Tarragona), with lesser quantiti~s from Sarcino (Barcelona) The oth er mate ri a1 came fr om vill ae and and Errpo ri ae (Empuri es ). other rural sites within the conventus Tarracohensis (modern provinces of Tar-ragon'a, Barcelona and Girona). As the typology serves as the

xxvi

to.. ·,·. ·.

;

...

r"'l ·(I.~Q .

......

Key to Fig .1

"',

"

.

'.

· 0

'.

I ...

· !

...... .....

"

i

.

I

~'a=~ -

i

.i

~

::::» rn z: _

I

i

'-',

c

I:D

i i

\•

.-cc .....'.\ \

! C I

"

\

\

\.

'-. \

,

"'\

I

. "

J

J 1 I

/

I

Rhode (Roses) Empori ae (Empuries) Gerunda (Girona) Blanda (Blanes) Iluro (Mataro) Baetulo (Badalona) Ba re i no (Ba re e10 na) Egara (Terrassa) Aquae Calidae (Caldes de Montbui) Tarraeo (Tarragona) Dertosa (Tortosa)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17; 18. 19.

Deeiana (La Jonquera) Iunearia (Figueres) Aquae Voeoniae (Caldes de Malavella) Seterr ae (Host a1ri ch) Praetorium (Llinars del Valles) Semproniana (Granollers) Arrago (near Sabadell) Si garra . (Prats del Rei) Ausa (Vie) Ad (Fi nes (Martorell) Ant~stiana (Vilafranea del Penedes)

; I

i

..--

,...,.._--..--'"

Rural sites and villae

Minor Towns

, \, \ \

. \ I

:'

Major Towns

.' ."

I

;

/ ".\

.I !

'( \

\

00 ~

0

... ~

0

...... c

g

..... C

c

c::J

-

UJ (])

u

C

..-1

:::~

0
acks to the Ostia publications remain a laCK of securely dated deposlts af~er the end of the third century AD and an inadequate study of the. fabnc. To a certain extent, the first of these drawbacks ~as co~pen~ated by the publication of the amphorae from the excavatlons of:.'.;;;.,"

.

~,.:? 10

= =,'' :---'-- . ~ ,

.

---

,

%.

TYPE XXVV

."..

8

1-'9

TYPE XXVQ

.~~

9

TYPE XXVW

1. R/1/603-7; 6. B/3/89;

TYPE XXVU

2. B/2/54;. 3. E/P/82;

7. T/6/570;

8. B/3/198; FIG. 82

4. T/1/259; 9. T/6/198;

5. T/6/275; 10. E/P/215

1. T/1/5;

2. T/6/61;

3: R/5/1806;' 4. R/5/930;

6. T/1/246; . 7. R/4/1419A; 11. R/5/1520-10-08;

8. T/4/65;

12. T/6/240 FIG. 83

204

5. E/P/164;

9. T/6/419;

10. R/4/652;

Q4

t.JP.

---------TYPE XXVX

TYPE XXVV

.~

R./'·~.

VII . --...:;;:;;:.:~, .

C"1

1. T/l/221;

FIG. 84

?07

l!"l

co

TYPE XXVZ/4 TYPE XXVZ/2

~ ...

_. __

~

~

--.~~ .... -.....,..:-:.-.•. --.-.:.--.-..

2--

"---:-:"I

.--.

.-

. TYPE XXVZ/3

TYPE XXV Var.1

,

l. E/B/E. 35; 6. T/l/34

2. E/P/101;

3. E/P/154,; - 4. T/6/217;

5. T/1/12;

l. T/l/280;

2. B/2/43;

6. T/6/685;

7. T/6/684; '-

FIG. 86

1l. T/6/263

3. R/3/1528; 8. T/7/46; -FIG. 87

?09

4. T/6/264;

9. T/7/22;

5. B/6/6; 10. B/8/70;

\,TY~E XXVZ/5

TYPE XXVZ/4

TYPE XXVZ/2

3

TYPE XXVZ/3

TYPE XXV Var.l

1. E/B/E.35;

2. E/P/I0l;

3. E/P/154; >-.,

6. T/1/34

4.

T/6/217;

5.T/l/12;

1. T/1/280;

2 .. B/2/43;

6. T/6/685;

7. T/6/6$4; l..-

FIG. 86

11.' T/6/263,

3. R/3/1528; 8. T/7/46; FIG. 87

209

4. T/6/264; 9. T/7/22;

5. B/6/6; 10. B/8/70;

TYPE XXV Var.5 TYPE XXV Var.1

:------_._--

-'1",

I

TYPE XXV V:a;r:.3 TYPE XXV Var.2

'I: B/3/118;

vf

1. T/4/193;

2. T/7/18;

6. T/8/63;

7. E/A/C.21;

3. T/8/92; 8. T/8/77;

4. E/A/C.3; 9. T/9/5i

5. T/4/142; 10. B/2/75

Var.2;

2. T/8/74;

3. B/7/2;

4. E/A/C.29;

7. T/7/?9;

8. T/4/96;

9. T/8/43;

1

6.

T/6J~66;

FIG. 89

. FIG. 88

210

TYPE XXV Var: 3

?ll

5. E/P/135i 10. T/6/84

Conclusion Starti ng in the very 1ate thi rd or the early fourth /century AD (Variants A, B, D, E, U, Z, S, etc) the production, of Type XXV amphorae seems to have slowly supplanted that ,of Types VI and VII (represented by the transitional Type XXV). By the later fourth century AD, propuction probably reached its apex (especi ally Vari ants G, H, I, L, M, N, Q, etc) and continued down until the middle fifth century AD, when it was supplanted bya new series African amphorae (Types XXXV" XXXVI, LVetc).

profi le. and e11fptical section. There were traces of 'wet-smoothing' and turning marks on the neck. Several identical examples are on display in the Museu Arqueologic de Barcelona, although their provenance is unknown (Fig.196.5). The oth er examp 1es are si mi 1ar, a1though with thinner necks. ,

The outside of these vessels was covered in a beige-greyish wash.

of

Average" ri m di amat er: 6. 2cm. Variant D (Osfia IV, Fig.164)

Type XXVI/Spatheion/Beltran (Fi,g. 90)

65B/Ostia IV,

Fig.]62-]65/Scorpan

i

Variaht E (Ostia IV, Fig.165)

In the publication of Ostia IV,Manacorda defined a category of small amphorae closely related in shape and surface treatment to amphorae of Type XXV (1977,211: forms Ostia IV. 162, 163, 164, 165). This Type has been recognised for some time (thus, Grace V. 1961: text accompanying Fig.671 and in a Spanish context since 1970 (Beltran Lloris M. 1970, 571 Type 61B). Type XXVI represents a range of containers, sharing the fabric and morphology of certain varieties of Type XXV amphorae, but which are consistently smaller. Except for extreme cases, it is difficult to know when an amphora of Type XXV should be classed as an amphora of Type XXVI. This problem is expressed visually by the cargo of amphorae from the wreck of Drammont E (Joncheray J. 1975, 145, Pl.III) and the collection of amphorae from the Deposito dei Mercati Traianeiat Rome (Fig.198.3). ,

No examples found on any of the Catalan sites.

XVI

The rim was a 'heavier' version of Type XXVK (Ostia Fig. 148) . No examples found on any of the Catalan sites. (

Variant F

(Pst1;

IV, Fig.572)

Two examples: (B/2/55, T/6/334). intermediate stage between Variants E and G. a developed lip (Fig.90); 7"'--

Th~outside , / \\'

IV,

These represent an The rim was everted wi,th

of these vessels was covered in a yellowish slip.

7;"

Average rim diameter: lO.lcm. Variant G (Ostia IV, Fig.5TO),

,

The most recent study of these amphorae has been by Panel la (1983,178). She sees them as an adjunct of Type XXV . . However, it should be noted that such' small' amphorae appear to be associated with other' Types (thus, the. simi 1ari ty between XXVIK and Type LXI I; similarly T/4/209, T/6/239 etcof Type XXXVB). She suggests that producti on st arts in the fourth centL!ry and conti nues into ther si xth century; during tne fifth century, it replaces Type XXV.I

Six- examples: (B/2/1, 1/6/622, T/6/127, T/6/181, B/4/50, T/6/623). The,'most characteristic example (B/2/1) differed from Variant Gin hav,ing a lesseyerted rim and a more triangular rim section. The .neck andharidles ('amaniglia') were simi lar, although some (viz. T/6/623) has a less developed rim (Fig.90). ' All' fragments werec~ove'red in 'a yellowi sh external sl ip.

Description

Aver;age rim di ameter: 7. 7cin.

Variant A {Ostia IV, Fig.162)

Variant H

The rim was almost identic,al to that of Type XXVS . (Ostia Fig.154). No examples were found on the Catalan sites.

IV,

" One example: secti on (Fi g. 91 )~

Variant B (Ostia IV, Fig.163) The rim was almost identical to that bfType XXVP Fig.152). No examples were found on th.e Catalan sites.

(1I4/2~13),

where

the rim

had

a

semi-circular

The fragment was covered in white-yellow external slip. (Ostia

'--

IV,

Variant C Three examples: (ElB/C.?, B/5/11, T/6/492) although best characterised by E/B/C.? This had a tall thin walled- neck with, gently concave sides, while the rim comprised an und~velopedlip (Fig.90); The handles were small and narrow (la maniglia') with an 'ear-shaped

Rim diametei: 9.0cm. Variant I(p~tia IV, Fig.573) . Three examples: (B/2/21, B/3/4, T/6/399), where the rim developed a triangular section with gently everted,outer face (Fig.91). Tbefragments were covered, in a pi nkish to light brown

s 1 i p.

external

Handl es

Rim diameter: 10.Ocm. . Vari antJ

Easily recognisable by their small size: none were identified .

One example: (R/4/905) which was similar to Variant A, but had a more articulated triangular rim (Fig.91).

Fabri c

The fragment was covered (by an exteri or whiti sh sl-ip'.,

F.l (77.2%);' F.2d (4.5%); F.2f (4.5%); F.3 (4.5%); F.4 (4.5%); F.l3 (4.5%). Bases F.l (80%); anon (20%).

Rim diameter: 10.5cm.

Origin

Variant K One example: (R/3/2174) , although another is known from the villa of Pla d'en Horta (J. Nolla personalcommunicatiori). It had a wide neck with a well articulated 'double-step' rim similar to Type LXII (Fig.91).· Rim diameter: 8.8cm. Vari ant L One example (B/5/12). This. had a tall conical neck with an everted rim-flange, and a convex depression on its inner face (Fig.9l). The upper arm of the handles joined the vessel flush with the rim. Both the form and fabric recall Type XVIA. The outside of the vessel was covered in a buff/brown wash. Rim diameter: 8.6cm. Vari ant M Two examples: (R/312010, E/P/l76). These represent a development of Variant C, with a gentle accentuation of the rim and the upper arm of th~ handles joining the vessel immediat~ly below the rim (Fig.91). . ." ( -

c

a~d

-

content

On the basis' of their typological similarity to Type XXV and the nature of their fabric, there seems little doubt that 'these amphorae were manufactured in Tuni si a, Moreover, Panel la (1983 179) and Manasorda . (1977, 217) 90th ci te the appearance of some fragments at the klln slte of Ariana (Variant B), near Carthage. As for prOdu~ti~~ elsewhere, Panella (1982,179) mentions that the latest ve.rsions of Type XXVI had a 'non-African' fabric .. However she d~es not elabo~ate, and it is not clear to which Variant she wa~ refe~rlng.~lso ~t, should be noted that Variant L had a southern Spamsh.fabnc, ralslng thepossiblity of a limited production in that area. As r~g~fds content, olive pips were discovered in two examples of ~h~'"~yp_e fr?m ~~e wreck of Drammont B (Tchernia A. 1969, 472) whiJe SOlldlfled reSln fllled the e~ample from the wreck of Dammont G (Liou B. 1973, 600~. . The o~ly., other evidence is based on documentary s?urces, and 1 s. clrcumstantl,al . These amphorae have been i dentifi ed wlth th~ term spat~e1,or spat~eion (literally meaning 'bla.de l ) , discu~sed ln V Egypflan p.apynl,n conY)ection with long cylindrical contalners. Cons~quently, _.Manacorda collected all papyrological references.to spathela,and.theu content (1977,220). The majority referred to. Wlne Ctexts ,.datlng to between the third and sixth century AD), w~lleothers)mentlon Garum (third to fourth century texts),. honey (a flfth century text), and lentils. Dating

Rim diameter: 7.9cm.

Vari ants A, B, D, /E:'

Miscellaneous Constituted by one rim and one base fragment (B/2/66, T/6/144). Foot "

Manacorda established a series of feet ~1977, 212ff; Ostia IV, Figs.570, 571', 572, 573), which have been assoCiated.with Type XXVI variants A, B, 0, E(?), F,G, 1. They are all tall and sharply tapering cones with no apparent variety. From this and. other evidence (viz. GraceV.1961, Fig.167; Joncheray J ..1976, 36'Pl.IX Fig.91; here, Fig.198, from the Deposito dei Mercati Trainei), it/seems valid to assume the same foot for all Variants ~except possibly K and L). Caution should also be exercised over confusion with the base type 1 of Type XXV. Five possible examples were identlfied (R/5/1840, E/P/220, T/4/146, T/4/13, V/4/1427).

2g

a

Occurred in context of the fourth to "early fifth century AD at Ostia (Manacorda D. 1977,243; for further dated parallels for these 211ff) . ' Vari ant C The only signtfic~nt, context was the Torre de Audiencia (T/6/492) at Tarragona, where the latest dated pottery was of the middle to later sixth century AD . . A similar example came from a sixth century deposit in the Casa de 10s dos Tesoros (Pollentia II. Fig.16.19: in association with African Red Slip, Hayes forms 61~B, 67, 78, .91B, l04A and fragments of stamped decorati on Hayes style A and ~. E(ii)); , A. similar fragment (without rim) came from a destruction level at' Li-l ibeo (Marsala, Sicily: De Stefano C. 1980, Fig.13: in

association with coins of Theodosius and North African lamps), to the fi fth century AD. Thus a si xth century date is possible, ha ve be en res id ua1.

although the

TYPE XXV Var.3

dated

Type

TYPE XXV Var.7

XXV Var.2

may

Vari ar:1t F As with Variant C, a sixth century date for T/6/344 is possible although it may have been residual. . ' At Carthage a rim sherd came from the excavation ofthe 'remblai du destruction vandale' by the French Canadian Team (Chelbi F. & Therrien F. 1978, w.24/25, 'lot.5': in association with AfricEl.r:1 Red Slip, Hayes forms 59,63,67, 73A, 76, 91A, 104) dated to between tf)e . Iii1Clfifth and early'sixth century AD. Variant G As with Variant C, His possible to'postulate a sixth century date for the exarrples from the Torre de Audienci a. Moreover, fragments similar to T/6/181 came from a context dating to after 500AD at Carthage (Fulford M. & Peacock D. forthcoming, Fig.OO.10l). Vari ar:1t H T/4/213 came from beneath the white mortar floor in Sector I of the Placa Rovellat in Tarragona, and was thus deposited some time prior to the middle of the sixth century AD. However, the possibility of residuality should not be discounted. Vari El.r:1t I As with Variant C a sixih century date for T/6/299 is possible, although it maybe residual. At Carthage the Varia~t occurred in a cQntext 1n the "Italian excavations, dated to between 360,and 440 AD CPanella C. 1983, 180, However, at the British excavations it did not occur 195; Fig.22). prior to 475-500 AD (Fulford M. & Peacock D. forthcoming, Fig.00.100). l

VariEl.r:1t J The Catalan context for this.piece was of little assistance,

as

it was residual in a sixth century deposit.' However, a similar frag-

TYPE XXVG 17

16

13

ment came from excavations of a thermal bUllding on the Palatine at Rome (Pensabene P. 1981, 115; Fig.8.9) in a context prior to the first half of the fifth century AD. -"",

l. T/7/25;

2. T/7/42;

3. T/6/509 ;

4. T/12/16;

5. E/B/C.?;

Variant K

6. B!5/11;

7. T/7/69,

B. T/6/400;

9. T/6/492;

10. B/2/55;

,

This occurred in a similar context to that

~f

Variant J.

Vari ant L There is (Cha pter I).

no

direct

evidence for the

date

of

thi s

A

1l. T/6/334;

12. B/4/50;

16. T/6/127;

17. T/6/623

13. T/6/622;

FIG. 90

context

217

14. B/2/1;

15_ T/6/1B1;

TYPE XXVIH

TYPE XXVIi

.

Vari ant M

~,-~=, 3

TYPE

.

.

' , .

'

TYPE XXVIL

XXVIK

7

~

4 .,

TYPE' XXVI

\

6 TYPE XXVIJ

Both pieces oCGurred in a residual context of the sixth century AD. A similar fragment was found in a layer dated to some time after the sixth century, in. the Atrium of the Casa de los dos Tesoros (Pollentia II, Fig.14.1'4). In conclusion, it may be said that the earliest occurrence of Type XXVI was b etv.e en the early to mid fourth century) AD . at the Constantinian basilica on the Via Labicana at Rome (Manacorda D. 1981, Tav.IH PM.7861 and PM.78&6: fragments of Variant EL Later dated occurrences were of Variant I at Carthage between 360 and 440 AD, and Variant J on the Via Tecta at the Palatine prior to the mid fifth century AD. However~ the consistent occurrence of Type XXVI in dump levels of the s;'xth century may point toa later end of production (especially for Variants C and K). Support for this view might be seen in the three exarrples (wi~th different rim profiles) from the wreck of Yassi Ada off the Turkish coast. Thls was dated to the earlier seventh century AD (Bass G. & Van Doornick F. 1982, 182; Fig.8-18,66,67; the cargo included four solidi Of the Byzantine Emperor,Heraclius; also, Baldassarre 1. 1967, 162 nrA8; 163 nr.50 from the Longobal"d cemetery of Casteltrosino).

s '

.

Type, XXVII!Ostla IV, F-ig.583 (Fig .26) ,Although ,n.lmagro' published the first example of this amphora (1955: fromthe cemeteries Estruch and El Castellet), neither he nor' BeltrarL(,1970) regarded i! as a di stinct type. More recently,' Manacorda published a complete,example of the Type from the Terme del Nuotatore (1977, 263 Fig.583).He related it to an 'autonomous' production represented by the amphora Ostia IV. Fig.16.7. B.eing typologically similar to Type VII, Manacorda saw the Type, XXVII as a development of the latter. However, inthis study it is suggested 'that Type xxvn was typologically closer to the later exarrp les of Type' XXV. Descri pti on

/

Variant A

1. T/4/213i

2. B/3/4i

3. T/6/339i

4. R/3/2174i ,5. B/5/12i )

6. R/4/9055ssi

7. B/2/21i

.

8. B/2/66i '9. T/4/13i

10. R/5/1840;

Two examples: (T/1/247, T/7/32). The former had a cylindrical neckwi th a gently everted rim. This had a sheer face and traces of an offset at, its junction with the' neck (Fig.91). The handles had a narrow pr.ofile while the upper arm joined the ,amphora a s,hort distance below the rim .. ,T/7/32,was very similar. Thi s Vari ant represents a typological dev'elopment betv.een Type XXVB, Z.3 or Z.4 and Type XXVIIB. 'T

1l. R/3/2010i

15. T/1/247i

12. E/P/176;

13. T/4/146;' ,14;;E/P/220i

Average rim di ameter: 12.1cm. Variant B (Ostia IV, Fig.583 and similar fragments)

16. T/7/32 FIG. 91

Thirty-three examples: (T/1/92, ElB/E.31, ElB/E.23, TIlI11 , E(B/C.4, T/1/42, R/OE/194, T/1/72, T/1/98, T/1/44, T/1/38, T/1/39,

T/2/7, 218

T/1/99,

T/1/222,

T/1/97,

T/6/122,

B/3/44,

T/7/74,

B/2/8,

T/l/267A, R/OE/60, R/OE/194, T/l/241, R/OE/28, T/l/94, T/6/233 T/6/234, T/12/1, T/7/66, E/P/51, T/4/16, E/P/44). These had littl~ significant typological' variation. The Catalan evidence provided several corrplete examples. The first (T/l/92) comprised a cylindrical body 1.20m long and 31.0cm wide, terminating in a rounded base and poorly pronounced foot (Fig.26). The neck had an 'hour-glass' profile, while the rim was an everted extension of the neck with a poorly defined lip. The arrangement of the handles was similar t9' Variant A, although with a shorter profile. The other complete examples (E/B/L31,T/l/211) and semi-complete examples (E/B/C.4~· E/B/E.23) were all similar although the height of the neck sometimes varied: notice also the thickening of the inner rim face of E/B/E.23. The remaining fragments were similar. However on some examples, the upper arm of the handles was almost flush with the lip of the rim (T/6/122, B/3/41, B/2/8). Also notice the cylindrical treatment of the neck of T/l/94 (Fig.92; 93; 94) . . The outside of these vessels was usually covered in a whitish to yellow slip, although occasionally (viz. T/4/16) all traces of slip had worn off. ' Average rim diameter: 12.4cm. Foot , As can be seen from the Catalan exampl~s and the complete amphora from Ostia (Ostia IV, Fig.583), the foot consisted of an indistinct and stubby Ibutton It was not possible- to isolate further exarrples. ' l

•

Fabri c 'F.l (91.4%); F.4 (8.5%). Epigraphy As with Type cocturam graffiti.

XXV amphorae, 'these only ever bore

small

pre-

c T/l/211, T/i/42 bore anepigraphic examples, while "those on T/1/44, T/1/98 and T/1/72 were epi graphi c. In each cas.e~they appeared at the centre of the neck. - " r,- i ,

-

The only published example was anepigr~p~ic (Osti,a IV, Fig.583):

j Origin and content A1though there is no di reet evidence for the ongl n of Type XXVII, the fabric and the shape support a Tunisian origin (see discussion of Type XXVIIA). ,Their close relationship to amphorae of Type XXV is reflected in their similar dimensions:

220

, 'T

221

TYPE XXVIIB

~.... ~

(

AI

N N N

, -fD

4

~

6 1. T/l/72;

2. T/l/44;

3. T/6/122;

4. T/6/233;

6.

7.

8.

FIG.

T/4/l6;

B/3/44;

T/6/234

5. B/28;

93

TYPE XXVII

l·~

.~

n

)I

- - i'

N N

W

-~

-TYPE XXVIII \

1. T/l/39;

2. T/l/94;

3. R/3/2011;

4. T/l/89B

FIG. 94 ;

j

..

...

,,;:-~

,

Average rim diameter: 13.2cm. Average height

Average width

Average rim diameter

Type XXV

1.03m

26.4cm

12.8cm

Type XXVII

1.15m

29.1cm

12.4cm

Foot See above (note that the lower part of the foot was missing) Fabri c

There is no evidence for content, although olive oil isa strong pass i bl ity.

F.. 2g (100%) Origin and content

g_at i r:J9_ Fourteen of the examples came from the Palaeochristian cemetery of Tarragona, pointing to a date beheen the early fourth to middle fi ft h century AD. Another important context was provi dedby T/ 4/16. This came from beneath the white mortar floor of Sector I of the Placa Rovellat and is dated prior to the middle sixth century AD. Strictly speaking, TI2/7 is dated to after the middle third century, although in view of the other contexts, it was probably of fourth or fifth cen t ury dat e. In Italy, one complete e:xamp'le was found at Ostia COstia IV, Fig.583). This was found lying on the ground adjacent to seven Type XXV amphorae, outside the wall of the south angle of the Terme del Nuotatore (Manacorda D. 1977, 263ff; 116, Figs. 1-8). This can be dated by its association to the other amphorae, to some time between the fourth and middle fifth century AD. Finally, one possible example came from the Schola Praeconum deposit, dated to 430-440 AD (Whitehouse D, Barker G., Reece R., Reese D. 1982, 76,Fig.10.76). In view of the Italian and Catalan evidence, it is curious to learn of some t~nty-fi ve exarrples of the Type coming from contexts at Carthage dated to after 450-525 AD (Ful ford M. & Peacock D. forthcoming: PL.OO 53, 55: possibly Pl.00.74, resembl ing T/l/94). Furthermore another fragment came from a sixth century deposit in the House of the Greek Charioteers (Hayes J. 1958, 88, Fig.29.21). Given the rarity of later fifth century AD amphora type.s (Viz. LXII etc.) at the Palaeochristi an cemetery of Tarragona, it seems probable that the' Carthage fragments represent the last phase of production of Type XXVII amphorae, vk1en they were not exported but retained for the domestic market instead.

There is no dirett evi~ence for either of these, although the fabric suggests a north African p~C(ven~nce. The most likely commodity to have been carried, would beollve 011. /,

Dati ng

"

T/l/89B constituted Tomb 1453 in the Palaeochristian cemetery of in Del Amo's attempted Tarragona. .. Although this does not feature . t' f th hora in stratification of the site, a p~rsonal lnspec lon 0 e amp .situ showed it to lie in the upper levels of the cemetery. In thlS way it woulp date to within the fifth centur~. The example from Roses occurred in residual contexts of the later slxth, century AD.

Type XXIX (Ftg.26) bneexamp 1e: (Til /2328) . Th,i s consi st~d of api riform body 94.2cm 10n9' and 30.5cm wide.- The lowe~ se~tl on of the, body had. a ointed base with an attached narrow cyllndncal foot (Flg.26) . . The ~pper section had a high hemisph~ri~al ~hoUlder;, and well,def: ne conical neck., The rim was v'ery dl stlnct:ve, ,~avlng a sheer vertlca face with a pr.onounced lip of ,square seqtlQn,(Flg.95~ .. Around ~he to~ ed e ran a semt~circular groove. The handles w£re s:mlla~ to tnose 0 Ty~e XXVIII,with the upper arm joi.ning the vessel lmme~lately below the lip; the handle section was ovold.

1

The outside of the vessel was ~overed in a light grey to whi te sl ip or wash.

off-

Rim diameter: 12.3cm. Foot

Type XXVI'II (Fig. 26)

See ab:Ove.

Two' examp 1e s: (T/1 /89B, B/3120 11 ) . The fo rm~rhad a pi ri form body wi th gently incurved sides, 86.0cm J ong and 26.5cm wide. The lower section terminated in a narrow base and stubby-cylindrical foot (Fig .26). The upper secti on had a gently rounded shoule;ter and a squat conical neck. The'rim had a convex 'cup-like' profi,le, while the handles had a narrow profile and elliptical section; the upper arm of the handles joined the amphora on the rim (Fig.94). The second fragment was simi lar, although the rim was less pronounced. Both examples were covered in an off-white to yellow s1 i p on t he exte ri 0 r. ??Ll

wash

or

\

F ab ri c

F.l Origin and content There is no direct evidence for the orlgln of the amphora. Although the shape recalls Type XXIII etc, 'the fabric suggests a Tunisian origin. 225

Dating This constituted the burial T.1432 (upper) at the Palaeochristi an cemetery of Tarragona,. and although it did not feature in the attempted stratification of the site by Del Amo, personal inspection revealed the amphora to be in-situ and to be in the uppermost layers of the site (Fig.215.4). It was related to the 'late' wall foundation to the \\est (inside the. pre,sent Museu Paleocristiano; F~g.ll). O,n thi s basi s the amphora probably dated to some time wit hi n the fifth century AD.

Type XXX Types XXX to XLV are grouped together si nce they do not readi ly relate to any known category of amphora and al so date to the fourth or earl ier fi fthcentury AD. Moreover they represent vessel s with larger capacities than Types XXV, XXVII 'etc. Des

('\J

H

X X X

Ii1

'.:.'

ri1 p.,

""r:Q ""Ii1

:>< E-i

rl

1. T/4/5 2 i , ,

2. T/7/12i

3. B/2/l1i

6. T/4/11 6 i

7. T/6/236i

11. B/3/67i

12. T/6/555i

4. E/P/174i

8. B/3/177 i

5. T/6/467i

9. T/6/177i

10. T/6/185i

\

15. E/P/129i

16. B/2/62

13. B/3/176i

FIG. 99

237

14. E/P/245i

TYPE XXXVB

TYPE XXXVA

~

c.....

. j\~-[j?

1

- _.

2

_~~--~~

3

, .

fl==-::t~

••••••••••••••••

n

~.~. ~.,~

5

' - - - -- -

.'

.

-- - ----

~~~.~ ~,st~~~y~x=? 6

9

8

.

_

11·

'\

.

1F'/Ed!? VI . •.~ 12

1.T/1/76;

1. T/6/554;

2. T/6/123;

3. B/3/125;

4. B/5/6;

6. T/4/132;

7. T/4/209;

8. B/2/58; -9. B/2/41;

2. B/3/199;

3. T/6/468;

4. B/5/7;

8. T/4/46;

9. B/2/12

5. T/6/303; 10. B/3/169;

6. T/6/237;

7. T/6/335;

FIG. 11. B/5/16;

12. T/6/59;

101

13. E/P/13 FIG. 100

238

239

5. T/7/54;

.

the later sixth or early seventh century AD. Also T/1/227, which formed the buri al T. 1624 came from the uppermost level s of the cemetery (personal inspection of the sector beneath the Museu P?'~O­ cristia). One example from the excavations of the Cathedral Clols~er at Tarragona was dateable to the later fifth cen~ury AD (Ruger C. 1969, Abb.15.9: the African Red Slip from the SChlCht E/F was redated under Iype XVI ?ating) ,EIP/'58, EI~/207came - see li st on pp.151 from Nivel V of the Palaiapolis of Empunes and are dated pno r to the early sixth century AD. T/4/46. T/4/132 and T/4/145 from beneath the white mortar floor in Sector I of the Placa Rovellat at Tarragon~ were deposited by the middle of the sixth century AD. Finally, theflfteen fragments from the Torre de Audiencia at Tarragona (over 15% of the total number of fragments of Type XXXV amphorae) were deposited by the middle to later sixth century AD. Elsewhere in Spain the only other dated contex~ w~s at.the Ca~a de los Dos Tesoros (Pollentia 11. Fig.22.3: in assoclatlon wlth Afncan red Slip, Hayes forms 73 and 104), dated to some time after the 5eglnnlng oi- the sixth century AD. In North Afri ca the on ly dated occurrence of the Type has been at Carthage, where exarllJles were found in a conte~t which post-da~ed 530 AD and were seen as residual (Fulford M. & Peacock D. forthcomlng Fig.00.116). Also one might cite the two fragments from the excavati ons at Luni' (Luni II. Tav. 281.1 and 281 .2). Some example~ were found at the Schola Praecunum deposit, dated to 430-440 AD (Whltehouse D., Barker G., Reece R., Reese D., '1982, 76, Fig.IO.133,138,13~,12,ln). Finally, one example came from the si te of Gen~rac (Gard) l~ France (Raynaud C. 1983, 343; Fig.15.1~4). This slte produced flnewar~s, including imitation African red SllP (Hayes Form 61B) and was actlve in the fourth and fifth centuries AD. Whi le the eVidenc~ points to a date between the middle fi~th century and middle sixth century, it is felt that the large quantlty of examples from the Palaeochristian C~metery of Tarragon? ~n? uncertainties in middle fifth century datlng, mean that an lnltlal date pri or to the mi ddle fi fth century shoul d not be excl uded., Type XXXVI/Searan 63 (Fi g. 29) . This was originally discovered by 81magro in-his publication ~f the amphorae from the Estruch Cemetery ~t Empur~es (1955) al~h?ugh lt was not recogni sed as an individual typ~..T~l s was. rectlfled by Beltran (1970, 567ff), although he classed, it wlth.examples of amphora Types IV and XXXVIII (Almagro M. 1955: Estruich 'bun al s 28, 43, 55).

J~

0

,;

profile, joining ,the ampllora 00 the shoulder and a short below the rim (Fig. 102; 103).

distance

The next two;examples differed. T/6/501 had a cylindrical neck' mo~eover the rim ,,is upright' and shows A development .of the lip (Flg.103). On T/6/338 the neck is acutely concave and the rim loses all definition. (Fi-g. 103: this can be directly paralleled by an example from Lunl II.Tav.279.17). The .outside of, allCthese vessel s was covered by an 'off-white to yellow Sllp, although on B/5/10, it was a light brownish colour. Average rim diameter: lL5cm. Variant S ElB/L42, E/B/L47, E/B/E.7, (Thirty-two examples: (CS/2, R/l/5 57, T/6/241, T/6/55, SCDV/6, T17 /92, R/OEl25, R/OEl26, R/OEl30, R/OE/31, R/OE/32, R/OE/1l5,R/OEj1l6, T/6/496, B/2/36 B/4/36 B/4/65 E/A/C.33, R/47-, R/5/866, T/4/63, B/3/156, R/3/-, T/l/254,'R/OEl29: T/4/1~4, B/3/143, T/4/166~ T1'4173). Two complete examplessurvive. The flrst of these (CS/2) had a 6ylindrical body 1.Olm high and 37.0cm wide, which terminated in a rounded base and affixed 'button' foot (Fig.29)." The upper section consist~d of a full rounded shoulder with The rim was a development a short. stubby cone-shaped neck (Fig.103). of Vanant A (B/5/10ff) although the outer face was less cefined and the rim developed a circular se~tion.· The handles were similar to ~~se.of Variant A (B/5/10ff); altrough less. 'heavy' i·n appearance and The second JOlntlng the amphora a short distance below the rim, cOfllJlete example (ElB/E.42) .was slmi lar, although the outer face of the rim was more developed (Fig.103). The two semi-complete examples from Empuries, (ElB/E.?, ElB/E.42).andthe majority 'of rim sherds demonstrated little variation from these. However, there were minor differences in, the rim section (T17174, R/3/933, SCDV/6) and the degree of the eversion of the ~im 1T/6/241). (

On~ exceptio'n was T/6/496,' ch\aracterised by a taller and narrower neck. In addition the treatment of its outer and inner face differed (Fig.104L Finally, B/2--;36 had a wider neck and larger handle profile (Fig.105). Moreov·er the rim section was reduced in size and had a circular section. '-

c

All examples of Type XXXVI were normally covered by an off-white tQ/ yellow/white external slip; B/5/10 dtffer:ed in having a light brownish sl ip. Average rim diameter: 12.0cm.

Description Vari ar:1t A This is an anomalous category comprising am~horae with morph~= 1ogi ca 1 detail s rem; ni sce nt of Type XXV II and Whl ch sug ge st a typ logical relationship with Type XXXVI. The first two exampl~s (B/5/~~, ElP /111) hhad an 'hour-glass' neck profi 1e wi th concave sldes. . e~ rim was everted with a clearly defined outer faceand. poorly, defl n , lip. The handles were thick, well groov~d and wlth a square d

F- oot

See above: as the nature of the foot was not particularly tinct, further fragments were not isolated. Fabri G: All variants: F.l (97.1%); F.3 (2.8%).

241

di s-

TYPE XXXVB

'~"',

TYPE XXXVIA

~ ',,".~ .,

-----_.-

5

8

8 TYPE XXXVIB 1. E!P/lll; 1. T/6/184;

2. T/6/635;

3. T/4/153;

4. T/4/145;

5. E/P/146;

6. T/6/333;

7. E/P/207 ;

8. E/P/179;

9. E/P/131;

10. T/4/105;

H. E/P/158; 16. B/5/10;

12. T/6/63 ; 17. T/l/H4

13. T/6/600;

14. B/3/15;

6. T/7/92;

2. CS/2;

3. E/B/E.42;

7. E/A/C.33;8. T/4/166 FIG. 103

15. T/6/239;

FIG. 102

242

243

4. T/6/338;

5. T/6/501;

;.,

(.)

Origin and content

TYPE XXXVIB

, -"-

\

,I

There is no dirett evidence for the origin, although the fabric suggests Tunisia. There is a strong possibility that these amphorae carried olive oil. './'

-'7

./

Dati ng The earliest context was provided by CS/5, in a 'deposit of betwen the early and mid fifth century AD. A date towards the end of the fifth century can be given to the fragment from the Cathedral Cloister at Tarragona (Ruger'C'. 1969, Abb.15.8 - Schicht ElF: the African Red Slip was redated -seelistonp.151). The remaining contexts are from within th~ si~th century AD. Thus two examples from beneath the white mortar floor of Sector Iof the Placa RovelTat (T/4/63, T/4/73) were depos'ited prior to the middle sixth century AD. The semi-complete example R/l/866 comprised a child burial cut into the aba ndo nment 1ayer of RODm G. IVB at t he vi 11 a Romana. at Roses (Martin A. Nieto J. & NollaJ. 1979,152). While later work at this site has shows that the villa'.was not completely abandoned until some time around the later sixth century AD (Chapter ri, it may be significant that the latest materi a1 from this part of the si te only dated to some time after the 1ater fifth or early si xtn century AD (Marti n A. Nieto J. Nolla J. 1979, 66ff: this i'S a redating of the African Red Slip, Hayes forms 50A, 58, 59, '61A,61B, 67, 87, 91B). If Room G.IVB was abandoned before other area!~ of the vi 11 a, then the amphora bud al dates to some -time after thel;ater fi fth to early si xth century AD. This earlier date for the buria}accords well with the evidence from the later deposit of the Torre-de Audiencia'at-Tarragona, where only three examp 1es of Type XXXVI amphgfjae Were found. , There are very 'few pub 1ishedparal re 1s to th.i s Type. At Carthage it did not occur before_the period 450-475 AD (Fulford M. & Peacock D. forthcoming, Fig.00.7S). It is possible that two of the series .of complete amphorae from the cupola of. the baptistry of Albenga'j)elongto this Type (Lambog,~ia,N. 1956, Fig.8.15 and possibly 13); this was dated to the first fifteen years of the ftfth century (although 6n circumstantial grounds: LambogliaN. 1956, 731). Two examples were. found at Luni (Luni 11. ·:rav.279.17; 381-K.2003). Finally, at least one example call1e;from the Schola Praeconum deposit at Rane, of 430-440 AD (Whitehouse D., Barker G., Reece R., Reese D., 1982, 76, Fig.10.128).

- -....

1. T/1/254; 6. T/6/55;

2. R/3/933;

7. T/6/496;

3. B/4/65;

4. T/6/241; (

8. SC/6; FIG~

104

-

9. T/4/73

5. T/7/74;

Thus productionof Type XXXVI·amphorae probably began ·about the early' to middle fifth century AD; its virtual' absence at the Palaeochristian cemetery of Tarragona suggest a later rather than earlier date. Import into Cat al unya probably conti nued unt i 1 the early years of the sixth century, at the earliest.

Type XXXVII (Fi g. 105) Two examples: (T/l/29, T/l/101). The former consisted of a wide shoulder and tall cylindrical neck (Fig.105):· The rim had a squared section with no lip, while the handles had a/large lear-shaped' profi.le. The other fragment was simi lar. 244

/

',-?

Both examples' were covered on the outside by a light wash or sl ip.

TYPE XXXVIB

Coloul'ed

Average ri m di amet'er': 12 .5cm. Fabric

\

\

F.l (100%). TYPE XXXVII

Origin and content J

There is no direct evidence for the origin of thi s Type. However, the shape of the vessel (resembling Type IV) and the nature of the fabric suggest a Tunisian origin. The content of this Type is not known, although oil is poss4ble. Dating TYPE XXXVII

Both fragments came fio~~he Palaeochristian Cemetery of Tarragona, and are dateable to between the fourth. and mid fifth century AD.

Type XXXVIII (Fig.105)

I

./

Three examples: (E/B/E..28, Tll/258A, T/1/127). The former consisted of a wide shoulder and a 'tall neck with gently concave sides (Fig.105). The rim section was'rought1y triangular with some horizontal ridging immediately below it.! The handles had a circular 'earshaped' profile. The base in Fig:( 105 was almost certainly associated with the vessel and was characterise-d' by a stubby foot with thickening in the middle. Similar wasT/l/258A, with a wide shoulder and tall neck. 'However the rim section/was rounded and more simplified (Fig.106). Notice al so the fi nger impres2ions on the upper sides of both bandles. Finally, T/l/127 was$imirar:~to T/l/258A although the neck was shorter and squatter and the rim face 'lower. TYPE XXXVI II

The examp 1es were covered in an' off-whi te to yellowi sh exteri or wash or sl ip'. Average rim diameter: 12.8cm. Foot

TYPE XXXVIII 1. B/2/36;

2. T/l/lOl;

.

See above: one similar fragment was identified (T/7/58), although it differed in having a deep recess. on the underside (Fig.179).

3. T/l/29;

4. E/B/E.28;

5. E/B/E.28

Fabri c

FIG. 105

F.l (100%) Origin and content c

There is no direct evidence, although' the fabric suggests a Tunisian origin. In additionElB/E.28 and T/l/258A recall Type XXV Variant X, although the body diameter is greater. The content of the 'amphora is not known although oil is a possibility. 246

TYPE XXXVIII

TYPE XXIX

-

•

u

_

I

\ 'c';...-_ - " -

_

TYPE IlIA Sim

TYPE XXXIX

1. T/1/262; 1. T/1/127;

2. T/1/258A; FIG. 106

?4-R

2. T/1/87;

3. T/1/240 FIG. 107

249

3. T/l/65

Dating The examples from the Palaeochristian Cemetery of Tarragona, can probably be dated to the fourth and middle fifth century AD.

Type XXXIX (Fig.107) Four examples: (T/l/111, T/l/248, T/l/262, T/l/87). The most characteristic (T/l/lll) consisted of~ a wide and tall cone-shaped neck with concave sides. The rim was sharply everted with a poorly developed lip ('a corolla'), while the ha,ndles had a tall 'ear-shaped' profile. T/1/240 was simi 1ar altheugh smaller and with a squatter neck. T/l/87 differed again in having a lower rim face and a flat upper rim edge (Fig.106; 107; 108); moreover i:he handles had a smaller and rrore rounded profil e~ The exterior grey slip or wash.

of these vessels was covered by an

off-white

to

Average rim di ameter: 13.6cm. Fab ri c F.l (100%) Origin and content The fabric.suggests a Tunisian origin. In addition (with the possible exception of T/l/240) the shape these amphorae recalls Type XXV Vari ant B. There is no evidence for the content of the amphorae. Dati ng These all came from the Palaeochrist·ian Cemetery of Tarragona and are probably dateable tO,between the fourth and middle fifth century AD.

Type XL (Fig.108) .'

Five examples: (B/2/44, B/5/8, B/4/96, T/6/238, ElP!2?). The rrost characteristic (B/2/44) had a wide shoulder and tall neck with gently concave sides (Fig.108). The rim had a pronounced outer face with semi-circular hollow beneath, anda gentle convex depression on the inner rim. face. The handles were thickset with a-'squared' profile and semi-c'ircular section. 8/5/8 was similar although there were traces of horizontal ridges on the outer rim-f~ce. E/P/27 and T/6/238 were similar although the rim face was lower. Finally B/4/96 was similar to B/2/44 etc although the neck was shorter and the convex hollow on the inner rim face had disappeared. The exteri or of all these amphorae -was covered ;-n an to yellow wash or sl ip.

off-white

') c: 1

" TYPE XLI

Average rim diameter: 13.04cm. F ab ri c F. 1 (80%); F. 3 (20%) Origin and content The fabric suggests a Tunisian origin. Notice als'o the simiof the rim to those of Type XLI and to a lesser extent, Type XXXV. There is no evidence for the content of these amphorae, although oil is a possibility. larity

Oatir-lg All examples either came from a residual context (T/6/238, E!P127) or from sites wi th no recorded archaeological context. However its surface treatment and typological similarity to Type XLI suggest a date in the fourth or fifth century AD.

Type XLI (Fig.109) 5

Eight examples: (T/4/1, T/41205, T/6/347, T/2/17, B/3/132, B/5/9, E!P/181, E!P/91). Although none of the Catalan examples were complete, the overall shape is known from one complete example at the Palaeochristian Cemetery of SaintSeurin,' Bordeaux (Wattier B. forthcoming, Wattier nr.54). It had a cylindrical b09yof 98.5cm high and 41 .Ocm wide~ with the lower section of the body terminating in a gently curved base with a filled stubby button foot. The upper section had a sharply curved shoulder, and a neck and rim identical to T/4/1 .Thi s had a narrow squat neck with sharply concave sides. The rim was in the form of a very'distjnctive flange: the outer face curved sharply inwards, while the inner face had an indentation running around the inside (Fig.109). The handles had an 'ear-shaped' profile with slight thickening on the lower side of the upper arm: thesecti on was elliptical. The other fragments were very similar, although B/5/9 and T/4/205 exhib~ted a thicker rim section.

7

Theexteri or of the fragments was covered in a -whiti sh sl ip. Average rim di ameter: 13. 6cm. Foot See above: one fragment was identified (T/7/1~}. F- ab ri c

l. T/4/l;

6. T/l/22;

F.l (66.6%); F.4 (33.3%)

2. B/3/132 ;

3. B/5/9;

7. T/l/259B FIG. 109

Origin and content The fabric suggests a Tunisian ori~in.There is no evidence for the content of this amphora type, although olive oil is a possiblity.

253

4. T/,4/207 ;

5 .. T/l/129;

'"

TYPE XLII

Datit:1g None of the examples from the Catalan sites can be dated on the basis of their archaeologica1 contexts, except for T/2/16' and T/2/17, which must date to after the--::later third century AD. The c olTlJ le te exarrp 1e fr om the Pal aeo ch ri sti an Cemet ery of Bo rdeaux points to a date between~the fourth and middle fifth century AD.

Type XLI I (fig. 109) Eight examples (T/l/267B, T/l/22, T/l/256, T/l/129, T/l/257N, T/l/269, T/l/36, T/l/235). This is an anomalous category of amphora with a heavy 'rolled' rim. T/l/22 had a low angled shoulder (Fig.109) and tall cylindrical neck. The rim had a well-developed lip with rounded section, and a gentle thickening on the inner face. The handles had a'large circular ,profile with elliptical section. T/l/129 exhibited a more developed ver.sion'of the rim, while that of T/l/259B was ,more elli ptical. Tll/235 w~s0simi lar although with a squatter neck Land more everted rim (Fi-g.11O). On the remaining examples the neck becomes squatter and rrore con.ic\al: the rim was less everted and squarer in section.' In 'addition, the handles displayed a heavier t reatme nt .(Fig. 1 11 ). .

1

The exteri or of the vessel s was ,covered by a greyi sh wash' or .sl ip.

off-white

Average rim di ameter: 14.6cm. .F- ab ri c

(

.,

, F.l (50%); F.4 (50%)

Ori~in

and

~ontent

The fabric suggests a Tunisian origin. Moreover there is. a typological simi larHy to Types V (T/l/36, T/l/269) and VII (T/l/22). There is no evidence for the content of the amphorae,. although oi 1 is a possiblity. Datir:lg 4

1. T/1/269i

2. T/1/235i

3. T/1/260i

4.

T/1/36.

All these amphorae came from thePalaeochristian Cemetery of Tarragon a, and are dateable to between the fourth and middle fifth century AD.

FIG. HO

Type XLIII (Fig.112) Two examples: (T/l/113, T/l/116). The former had a wide shoulder and conical neck with gently inverted sides. The rim had a small triangular section, and the handles a 'heavy' ear-shaped profile with elliptical section (Fig.1l2). T/l/1l6 was similar although the sides of the neck were more sharply inverted. ?I14

TYPE XLII,

H

TYPE XLIV

:> :x: H

I:iI A
!

E-J

If)

co N

"..-I "E-; ~-; '", ;~

. 392

.,.,

"\.

"

!

.. ( Africa

xxv

Between the late 3rd/early 4th and the middJe 5th century AD (Catalan sites). Between the last quarter of the 3rd and the middle 5th century AD (other sites).

XXVI

Between the 5th and 6th centuries AD ""Afri'lG~:i~and (Cat a1an sites). Betwe en t he early/midd 1e "'/'e"I$'~whe're (?) 4th and early 7th century AD (other si tes).,

.'c

y"

XXVII

Between century 4th/5th the 6th

the early 4th and the middle 6th, ':'Africa AD (Catalan sites). Between the and after the first quarter of century AD (other sites).

XXVI II

5th century AD (Catalan sites).

, Afrjca

XXIX

5th century AD (Catalan sites)'.

Africa

XXX

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catal an si tes).

Africa

XXXBi s

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites)'.

Africa

XXXI

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catal an sit es ).

Africa

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites).-

Afrjca

Prior to the 6th century AD (Catalan sites).

Africa

I

'

,

XXXII XXXII I XXXIV

.,1

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites). 5th century AD (other si tes).

XLI

After the later 3rd century AD (Catal an sites). Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (other sites).

Africa

XLII

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catal an sites).

Afri'ca

XLIII

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catal an sit es ).

Africa

XLIV

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites). 4th century AD (other si tes) .

Africa

XLV

Between the 4th and the middle 6th century AD (Catalan sites).

Africa

XLVI

Towards the middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites).

Africa

XLVII

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites). Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (other sites).

Not known

XLVUI

After the first half of the 3rd century and before the second half of the 6th century AD (Catalan sites).

Not known

XLIX

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catal an sit es ) .

Not' known

L

Between the 4th and (Catal an sit es ).

5th century AD

Africa

LI

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catal an sit es ).

Africa

UI

Prior to the later sixth century AD (Catalan sites). Between the early/ middle 4th and the middle/later 5th century AD (other sites).

East Medi ter- ~;. ranean

UII

Between the later 5th and later 6th century AD (Catalan sites). Between the, first half Cyprus of the 5th and the ' middleFlater 7th century AD (other sites).

Syri a or Cyprus

\

UV

Between the 4th and later 6th century AD (Catalan sites). Between the late 4th and late 6th century AD (other sites).

Palestine

\J"-..

6th century AD (Catalan sites). Between the early 4th and the late 6th century AD (oth er. sites).

Asia minor

:Africa ,

middl~

lil'

XXXV

Between the middle 5th and the middle 6th century AD (Catalan sites). Prior to the second quarter of the 6th century AD (other sites).

XXXVI

Between the early/middle 5th and the middle 6th century AD (Catal an sites). After the last quarter of the 5th century AD (other sites).

XXXVII

Between the,4th and middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites).

XXXVII I

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Catalan sites).

Afr,i ca'

XXXIX

Between the 4th and middle 5th century AD (Cat a1 an sit es ).

Africa

XL

4th or 5th century AD (Catalan sites).

Afri ca,

Afr,i ca,

395

C)

"

LV

Between the later 5th and later 6th century AD (Catalan sites). 6th century AD (other si tes).

LVI

Prior to the middle 6th century AD Catalan sites). 5th century AD (other si tes).

LVI I

Between the middle 5th and the middle/ later 6th century AD (Catalan sites). Between the 5th and middle 6th century AD (other sites).

..

~~~ \.

Afri ca "

LVII I

After the later 5th century AD (Catalan sites). 4th century AD (other sites).

Afri ca

LIX

Between the 4th and 5th/6th century AD (Cat a1an sit es ) .

.Afficg.

After the later 5th century AD (Catalan sites) .

Afri

Dimensicns .

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(~i.glt)

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Dimensicnl

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8.1

6.2

8.6 . 9.3

-

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2.9

4.8

3.3

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Barciro: Placa del Rei/Casa Padellas (B/2)

5 hTJit. no IJiJnemiaB /

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Barciro: Placa del Rei/Ca3a Padellas (B/2) I

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Dimensic:rE Hei.g:1t (extant)

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-

-

ftlndles Side sIErds

::'

480

Barc:iro: Tinell (B!3!1-225) ,

1

2

3

4

5

~t (exta1t)

9.7

7.5

8.0

J.6

20.3

Rim~t

4.4

4.0

5.7

2.5

5.9

~. no,

6

7

8

9

(1)

(1)

10

11

DimensialS

Rim Max Di.an

RiJI>.% exta1t

12.0 13.0 15.5 10.1 15.0 ~

n

29!b

28%

21%

Neck Iieiglt

-

Neck Max Di.an ,

Neck Min Di.an

9,8 10.,5 12.0

6.7

-

Base (Iieiglt) Base Width

(1)

trolles

(1)

(1)

(1)

20

21

22

-

6.1

,

-

Side srerds

~. no

12

13

14

15

16

17

19

-

9.9

5.0

5.8

5.1

6.0

5.1

8.6

-

2.0

2·13

-

7

4.3

4.0

4.8

,

I

DiJrensicns &li.3Jt (extatt)

'18

-

,

-

Rim &li.3Jt Rim Max Dian

-

-

8.0 12.0

-

12.C 13.6 14.1 14.2

RiJI>.% exta1,t

-

-

31%

35%

-

lEllb

15%

Neck Iieiglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Di.an

-

-

7.0

6.3

-

-

10.1

Base (&li.3Jt)

-

-

7.0

-

2.3

-

-

Base Width

-

(1)

-

4.8

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

-

fB1dl.es

Side srerds

481

28% 100%

.

I

~

-

1.5 7.0 ?) Z7%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.(

9.7 10.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- - (1) - - - -

-

"

Barciro: Tinell (B/3)

MP;l. ro DiInerSicrB

14.1

6.1

-

5.9 16.1

4.2

3.9

6.0

4.6

9.3

4.9

4.3

0.2

4.0

3.8 . 3.8

-,

3.0

3.7

3.0

14.0

5.2

-

16.5 12.3 12.0 15.0

Rim-% extalt

4OJ6 lC1J%

-

lC1J% lC1J%

Neck Heidlt

2.5

-

-

-

Neck Mal< Dian

12.0

-

-

Neck Min Dian

11.4

3.8

Heidlt (extant) Rim Heidlt Rim Mal< Dian

1.2

13.0 10.6 12.0

2516

12%

-

10%

26'J,

1516

7.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10.6

-

-

-

-

-

_.

-

10.3

9.7

-

-

8.5

9.6

3.4

-

-

9.6

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

!mdles

-

-

-

-

Side sherd3

-

-

1

-

Heidlt (extalt)

3.7;

5.2

4.4

Rim Height

3.2

3.7

-

-

Base (Heidlt)

-

9.4 10.0 I

-

3.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.2

9.2

-

5.7

5.7

-

-

-

4.2

0.7

-

MPl. ro DiJrensioos I

I,

6.5 11.2

-

-

- - - - ., - - -

1516

26'J,

-

-

-

Neck Heidlt

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

-

9.5

-

- - - - - - -

Base {Heidlt)

-

,3'3

6.3

3.4

4.5

Base Width

-

-

-

6.0

-

-

-

-

-

Rim Mal< Dian

Rim-% extalt

liErldles

Side sherds

12.0 11.6

482

2~

28%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10.8

-

5.8

7.7

(1)

-

-

6.0

8.0

7.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.

-

13.0 10.9

.

- - -

Barciro: Tirell (B/3)

AIJli1.

no "

Dimensias ltoi3'lt (ext:mt)

4.9

Rim-% ext:mt

6.6

7.7

-

-

-

-

-

,

-

-

8.7

-

-

204

-

7.0

-

3OYo

3.6

'-

'-

-

12.0 lOA

-

-

-

-'

11%

11%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5.9

?

Rim ltoi3'lt Rim M3x Dian

4.5 1l.1

Neck~t

-

Neck Min Dian

-

8.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base (~t)

-

-

5.0

5.5

6.1

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

5.9

-

804

7.0

7.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hn11es

-

-

-

-

-

-

Side sherds

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

ltoi3'lt (ext:mj;)

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.8

3.1

-

-

Rim~t

-

-

-

-

-

-

204 ?)2.3

2.0 ' 8.2

Rim M3x Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

7.0 10.0

8.2

40'10

-

Rim-% ext:mt

-

-

-

29%

18% I 18%

40',4,

-

-

-

-

-

Neck~t

-

-

-.

-

-

-

-

-

Neck M3x Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-I

-

-

-

-

-

Base (ltoi3'lt)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ease Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1 '

(1

(1

(1)

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck M3x Dian

Base Width

AnP1.

~-

\;

t)

no

Dimensias

fa1dl.es

Side sherds

-

-

,

(1)

- 483

-

-

.

(1)

Barciro: Tirell (B/3)

MP'!. ro !limerI;iaJS Heiglt (exta1t)

4.2

6.5

6.6

5.2

4.1

-

3.5

5.2

-

-

6.0

Rim Heiglt

3.0

3.0

-

3.5

2.3

(l)

3.2

4.4

-'.

-

1.9

14.1 12.0

-

14.1 15.0

-

-

-

Rim Mal< Dian

,

12.0 16.0

-

Rim-% ext:alt

3!'l%

29%

-

2O!b

18!b

-

18!b

13%

-

-

-

Neck IIe:iglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Mal: Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

9.5

9.6

-

11.0 12.2

~

-

-

Base (Heiglt)

-

-

5.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Widtil

-

7.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H3ndl.es

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1)

(1)

-

Side stY>rds

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

~

8.5 11.8

-

.

DimensiaJS

7.7

-

-

-

~

-

4.2

3.2

3.0

(1)

-

-

-

2.5

-

8.2 10.1

-

-

-

-

14.0

-

-

-

-

29%

Heiglt (exta1t)

-

8.3

-

9.2

Rim Height

-

-

-

-

Rim Mal< Dian

.-

-

-

.

~

Rim-% extant

-

-

-

-

28!b

Neck Heiglt

-

-

-

-

- .

-

-

-

-

Neck Mal< Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

29%

-

-

-

6.4

6.3

-

-

-

-

-

Base (Heiglt)

-

7.9

4.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Widtil

-

8.4

5.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1)

-

-

1

-

-

(1)

(1)

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

Hmdles

Side stY>rds

484

Barcim: T:i.nell (B/3)

M{:h.

IX)

Ililna'Bioos ~t (extart:)

5.1

6.2

5.8

4.9

5.3

5.2

-

Rim~t

4.2

4.2

3.0

4.7

5.0

5.0

-

Rim Male Dian

14.0 13.9 16.0 14.2 16.1 16.0

Rim-% exta1t

19%

29%

17%

18%

17%

17%

Neck rei.gPt

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Male Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Mill Dian

11.0 10.7

6.3 10.0 12.3 ll.6

-

-

5.9

9.7

-

-

3.7 M.2

-

-

5CYh

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10.8

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

.

Base (Ii'oigllt)

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

Iilndles

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1)

(1)

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

100

101

102

103

104

1

126

127

128

129

13)

131

132

Neck Min Dian

..

-c-

•

.

,

Dinmsicl"s

Heiglt (extmt)

5.9

4.1 10.6

5.2

8.7

Rim Heiglt

5.7

3.1

6.6

2.7

6.6 f?)6.3

Rim Max Dian

.,

6.6

13.0 12.0 12.2 13.8 11.0 17.0

I

4.6

-

10.5

5.2

7.1

-

-

-

4.7

2.0

-

-

-

-

-

16%

ZJJb

14.1 14.6

15)6

.~

16%

~

29%

6%

-

Neck~t

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

,-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

11.8

9.8

-

-

-

Base (~t)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.9

-

Base Widttl

-

-

-

-

-

7.6

-

7.1

-

liErldles

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

~

-

-

-

Side sherds

-

-

-

-

Rim-% extmt

9.8 10.8

9.3 1,1.5

.

486

.

"

11.2 10.0

- . I·

// /

Barci.ro: Tirell (B/3)

AnPl.

133

ro

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

-

-

16.6

DiJnensicrs .

Rim Max Di1lll

10.8

8.0

-

-

Rim-% extEnt

37%

24)1;

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Heiglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8.0(

Neck Mal< Di1lll

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13.0(

8.0

6.6

-

-

Neck MID Di1IIl

-

-

-

-

-

-

7.0

Base (Heiglt)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H9ndles

-

-

1

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1

-

Side sherds

-

-

-

-

-

-'

-

-

-

-

-

144

145

146

147

143

149

150

151

152

153

154

Heiglt (extEnt)

4.0

8.2

-

Rim liliglt

3.5

2.7

-

.

,

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

i

.

,

-

-

-

-

8.0

-

-

12%

3.0

.

Dimensicrs

Heiglt (extEnt)

-

7.2

-

-

8.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

Rim Heiglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Rim Max Di1IIl

-

-

.:.

-

-

-

-

-. -

-

-

-

Rim-% extEnt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Heiglt

-

-

-

- -

.-

-

-

Neck Max Di1IIl

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck MID Di1IIl

-

-

_.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base (lilig1t)

2.5

-

(1)

(1)

7.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

4.9

-

-

11.4

-

-

'-

-

-

-

-

1

-.

-

-

(1)

(1)

(1)

(l)

(l)

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Itnlles. Side sherd;;

-

-

487

_. -

.

/

Barcim: Tinell (B/3)

ArJP1.

155

156

157

lEe

159

leJ

161

7.0

7.1

-

-

9.1

5.8 10.5 11.4

Rim lieiglt

-

1.1

4.5

-

-

-

5.5

2.9

Rim Max Dian

.

12.0 13.9

-

-

-

-

9~0

Rim-% ext:mt

-

28X

19)6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

Neck Min Dian

-

Base (~t)

-

-

Base Widtil

-

00

162

163

164

165

8.0'

-

2.2 '

-

-

8.2

-

-

-

20% 100%

-

-

-

5.0

-

lJimemi.als ~t (extaTt)

Neck~t

-

,

-

-

-

-

8.7

8.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

7.9

6.6

-

-

-

-

-

6.6

-

-

-

6.6

-

-

-

-

-

6.5

-

-

-

10.6

-

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1)

-

-

-

(1)

(1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

~t (ext:mt)

-

8.5

6.8

3.7

7.9

5.8

6.4,· 8.0

-

9.4

Rim~t

-

4.5

5.2

2.5

-

-

5.8

-

Imdles

';',1

-

7.7

9.3 10.6

1

:,1'

i,"i.:

Side sherds

"

AlrPl.

00

IliJnerEiCl'lS

Rim Max Dian

-.

12.2 13.1 13.9

Rim-% extaTt

-

100%

-

. 17%

2l%

~

,

-

-

-

12.2

-

-

-

-

40!6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.2

Neck lieiglt

-

-

.-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

8.7

9.8

8.8

Base (lieiglt)

-

-

-

-

-

9.0

3.0

Base Widtil

-

-

-

6.4

lbldles

1

-

-

Side sherds

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

6.1 ,

-

.

0.9

4.1 .

4.2 ~OO%

-

4.9

3.2

(1)

-

7.9

-

7.5

5.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- - -

-

488

Barciro: Tirell (B/3) 199

2IXJ

201

2Cl2

203

204

2J5

200

2m

2Cl3

aJ9

Heiglt (exta1t)

3.5

4.3

-

-

-

-

-

6.1

9.2

-

-

Rim Heiglt

1.7

1.4

-

-

-

-

-

"-

-

(1)

-

13.9 12.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dimensicns

Rim-% exta1t

16",6

2Oi6

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Heiglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Rim Max Dian

Neck Min Dian

9.3 ll.O

-

Base (Heiglt)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.•7

5.1

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.8

5.0

-

-

H3ndl.es

-

-

(l)

(1)

(1)

(l)

1

-

-

-

(1)

Side sherds

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

210

2ll

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

lJimemicns

Heiglt (exta1t)

I

-

-

9.5 16.0

9.2

6.0 ll.O

7.2

9.5

4.5

6.3

4.0

4.0

2.6

~

-

Rim Heiglt

-

-

-

-

1.5

Rim Max Dian

-

-

-

9.8 15.0 13.0 (P.) -

Rim-% exta1t

-

-

-

-

10J%

Neck Heiglt

-

-

-

-

4.3

Neck MaxDian

-

-

-

5.0 15.0

-

-

3.0

Base (Heiglt)

-

-

4.3

-

Base Width

-

-

. 3.3

(1)

(1)

-

-

Neck Min Dian

Hnlles

Side sherds

4.0

2.7

13.4 15.0 11.4

13',6

lCJJb

-

21%

2l%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8.8 10.6 ll.2

-

11.8

-

-

-

5.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.0

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

489

.

9%

9.6 10.0

Barciro: Tirell (B/3)

hrPl.

221

222

223

7.3

-

-

-

-

-

Rim IIDgl1t

-

-

-

-

-

Rim Max Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

Rim-% extmt

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck IIDgl1t

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck MID Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base (fuigl1t)

4.5

(1)

-

-

-

(1)

Base Width

6.4

-

-

-

-

-

H9rrlles

-

-

(1)

(1)

-

-

Side sher'ds

-

-

-

-

.. 1

-

IX)

224 . 224Rs 22 5'

Dimersioos Hei: PJ.a< Dian

12.0

-

12.4

-

-

-

-

16.6 14.0

-

-

Rim-% exta1t

29''-

-

33)b

-

-

-

-

48%

16%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1)

(1)

-

-

~t (exta1t)

-

.

~

H3ndles Side srer< DiffiI

Hnlles

Side srert (exta1t)

-

-

88.0 101.0 88.0 92.5 102.8 12J.0

-

-

-

M3xim.m Dian

-

-

42.0

-

-

-

3.2

3.2

-

4.2

-

3.9

Rim Mal< Dian

13.8

7.9

-

-

12.8

-

Neck Hei3'>t

12.0

6.5 11.5

7.5

-

6.8

Neck Mal< Dian

18.2 ~.8 34.0

15.(

-

-

-

Neck Mill Dian

11.1

7.4

-

-

9.9

9.E

-

9.6

-

Base (Hllght)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.(

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.9

4.~ -

-

-

A!TPJ..

96

'iJ7

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

fui.g1.t (exta1t)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

M3xinun Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.8

0.5

0.4

0.7

4.6

3.7

4.2

4.8

4.8

4.1

3.5

-

-

12.0

-

11.0

-

-

9.3

-

7.4

Rim Ileiglt

00

28.0 26.5 39.0 3.2 4.2

1.3

36.0 31.0

-

3.0

12.3 13.8 12.5

12.3 12.'

13.0 16.0 11.5

9.C 15."

-

-

21.9 14.6

8.8 11.4

Dimensiom

Rim~ Rim Mal< Dian

Neck Height

12.0 12.0 12.2

-

9.5 10.4

12.7 14.0

4.9 12.1

8.5 12.0 ..

Neck Mal< Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Mill Dian

-

9.l

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.1

-

Base (~)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

a.- Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

509

13.8 18.6

Tarragtr1a: Palaeochristian Cemetery (Till

107

MJil. no

100

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

117

,

DimEnsias ~t

116

(extalt)

Ma:xinUn Dian Rim liiliglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.7

1.9

4.4

2.0

2.5

2.5

3.0

2.8

3.9

-

-

-

-

-

3.6

2.1

I, 1

Rim Mal< Dian

13.0 10.5 12.2 11.0 14.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 13.5 12.0 10.0

-

10.8

8.2

-

-

-

-

12.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

11.7

-

8.4

-

_i·,'

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

119

13)

121

l21A 121B 122

123

124

125

126

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.3

3.2

2.2

2.6

1.9

2.8

3.2

2.3

Rim Mal< Dian

11.7

-

13.3 11.0 10.5 14.9 13.0 .

4.0

Neck f2iglt

10.3

7.2

-

-

-

-

9.7

5.5

-

6,8

-

5.5'

-

5.9

Neck Mal< Dian

-

-

-

13.1

Neck Mm Dian

-

5.9

9.7

9.4

Base (liaiglt)

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

118

f2iglt (extaltt

Ma:xinUn Dian

Ned< Haiglt

5.7 10.5

4.0 10.0

7.3

,I! 'I"

,

,

Arll:h. no Dinalsims

Rim liiliglt

,

11.4 2.9

2.0

8.8 12.0 14.0

Neck Mal< Dian

14.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Mm Dian

10.3

-

-

8.6

8.7

8.4

-

-

-

-

Base (Iiei.oPt)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

510

Tarragcna: Palaeochristian Cenetery (T/1)

'1Z7

128

129

13:1

-

135

185

203

3::B

3:)9

210

211

-

-

42.5

-

96.5 52.( 100.C

-

-

-

-

-

33.0 32.2

32.~

1.8

3.6

0.9

-

2.6

4.0

3.5

O.~

12.0 12.7 13.8 13.3

9.3

-

14.6

14.0

9.5 11.C

.

Ili.mErEi.cna Ii!:iglt (exblnt)

-

Maxinun Dian

-

-

2.9

3.0

Rim HiJiglt Rim Max Dian

15.~

8.5

-

13.5

5.6

10.5

-

13.2

12.8

4.S

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

14.9

-

-

16.2

16.0

7 .~ 17.2

Neck Min Dian

-

-

8.0

-

lO.S

10."

8.~

8.2

Base (H;,igpt)

-

-

-

11.0

-

3.2

-

-

2.7

-

Base \fIidth

-

-

-

12.4

-

1.5

-

-

4.C

-

212

213

215

216

219

23J

22l

222

Neck Hei.glt

f Dimensi.cns H;,~t

(extmt)

!otlxinun Dian Rim Hei.glt

Rim Max Dian

-

94.0 94.1 142.

99.3 60.5 87.5 53.1

-

-

22." 33.0

36.0 33.5 36.3 24.1

-

3.5 12.2

4.2

1.6

4.5

13.8 11.0 19.$

2.4

3.8

53.5 3.0

13.3 11.8 12.0 12.6 13.4

16.5

5.5 17a6

-

13.0

10.5

9.1 10.5 15.1

-

24.0

17.6

8.0

9.9

8.8

-

16.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.4

17.2 12.5

12.0 10.1

Neck Max Dian

11.0

14.5 11.8

Neck Min Dian .

14.0

9.5

Base (~t)

-

-

Base \fIidth

-

-

8.5 14.5

.

96.6

1.5 0.5

0.8

. Neck Ileil']lt

~

511

·1

Tar:ragcm: Pa1aeochr'istian Cerretery (T/1)

M{h. ro

22B

229A. 22ffi 231

234

235

236

2:37

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.7

2.2

3.1

1.8

2'32A 2328 233

Dimen3:iaJs

-

25.0

-

-

-

1.3

2.0

1.5

1.5

firix Di.an

15.0

Ned< firit>x Di.an

27.8 30.5 1.0

1.1 2.0

c

17.9 14.3 12.3 10.0 13.2 16.2

8.5 16.4

-

11.0 18.0 12.0 11.6 15.5 11.0

7.9

-

16.1 23.4

-

16.4 15.0 14.0 20.7 27.7 17.0 21.1

-

Neck Mill Di.an

10.5

7.0

-

16.0

7.5

-

Base (Haiglt)

-

-

-

-

8.9

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

4.8

-

-

-

-

-

238

239

240

241

244

246

247

246

Haiglt (extant)

-

113.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

MaxinUn Di.an

-

28.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.4

3.6

3.0

4.4

0.9

1.5

4.5

3.5

9.7

8.5 14.6 14.5 13.0 13.2

8.0

8.5

-

-

11.2

11.4 16.7

-

-

18.2 14.0 9.8- 10.2

hllh.

ro

9.8 17.2

18.0 83.0 94.2

9.9 11.0 8.6 10.5 13.0

2428 242C 243

DiJrensi.t>x Di.an

9.~

12.9 12.2 12.9 15.0

Ned< liei2J1t

8.4

13.0 8.5

-

-

Neck I>t>x Di.an

12.4

15.4 22.0

-

-

Neck Mill Di.an

8.4

11.3 10.0

-

-

8.1

6.0

-

-

Base (~t)

-

8.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

5.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

...

512

6.0

,

Tarragrna: Pa1aeochristian CEmetery (T/1)

/

A!rPt. no

249

2400 25J

252A 253

254

2551\ 2ffi3 256

2'3lA 2578

lJimnrla1s HeilPt (extmt)

47.7 47.0 47.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

91.5

Maxinun Dian

28.9 34.5 27.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33.4

1.7

1.1

2.9

3.1

1.7

1.5

2.6

2.5

Rim fui31t

0.3

-

Rim Max Dian

8.4

-

13.9 13.6 16.0 13.3 15.8 13.0 14.8 11.4 14.0

Neck~t

12.4

-

10.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10.5

Neck Max Dian

14.8

-

12.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

15.5

Neck Min Dian

5.0

-

11.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10.8

Base (Ji;!ij#lt)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

260

261

262

263

264

265

Alq:h. no

Dimensi.als

293A 259

4.8

26513 266A 26Ei3

~

/

Ji;!ij#lt (extalt)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

MaxiIIun Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.8

1.8

3.0

1.8

3.7

3.2

2.8

4.0

1.4

3.3

1.4

Rim Ji;!ij#lt

-

Rim Max Dian

14.1 14.5 13.3 12.8 15.0 16.9 15.3 13.0 10.0 14.9 13.6

Neck Heij#lt

16.5

-

-

-

16.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Mal< Dian

24.2

-

-

-

129.3

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

11.0

-

-

-

11.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base

(~t)

Base Width

513

-

!:

Tarrag::na: Palaeochristim Cenetery (T/1)

2S7A 267B 268

269

270

27l

Z73

274' 276

ZT7

278

-

100.6

-

-

-

-

-

44.2

-

-

-

-

-

1.7 0.9

3.9

-

1.0

2.8

16.( 13.8 10.5

8.7

-

11.2 15.0

-

14.0 18.2

DimerBi.cm li9igl.t (extmt) ~Di.an

Rim Ii9igl.t

I,

Rim Max Di.an

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.4

3.6

0.4

3.1

1.6

12.4 18.0 13.8 15.7

Ned< Ii9igl.t

-

10.0 14.5 18.5

Ne:::k Max Di.an

-

16.0 12.9 32.3

Ne:::k Min Di.an

-

15.6 12.1 13.7

Base (1i9igl.1;)

-

Base IJIidth

PirIh.

ro

-

12.0

-

7.1

18.5

-

14.0

12.0

-

8.3

-

-

-

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

279

2ffi

281

283

284

285

-

-

32.2

-

94.0

-

-

1.4

4.0

3.1

-

4.3

1.7

11.9 16.6

-

-

Dimensi.cns li9igl.t (extlnt) ~Di.an

Rim Ii9igl.t Rim Max Di.an

. 10.7

36.6

14.2 13.2

Ne:::k Ii9igl.t

14.2 14.1

-

-

-

10.0 .

Ne:::k Max Dian

21.0 18.5

-

-

-

11.0

Ne:::k Min Di.an

5.6 10.2

-

-

-

9.4

Base (Ii9igl.t)

I, - -

_.

-

-

6.8

-

7.0

Base Width

-

-

514

\

'

,

~

9.8 ,24.7 26.5 6.8

8.4 12.0

..,

-

-

-

-

-

,

1\ 1\

\

~\

TarTaga1a Q.:::q> 2 rarr:a,gc;na: Canetery of Pere Marrell (T/2/1-14) M{tI. no

1

2

3

4*

5*

6*

7*

8*

go-

10*

ll*·

Dimensicns I·

Heig1t (exta1t)

Rim Heigj1t Rim Max Dian

12.5 16.6 32.0 9L8 20.5 16.2 21.8 79.9 3:1.0 14.8 9i.6 3.&

-

-

15.6 12.0 12.7

-

-

l(0)i,

-

-

9.4 10.3

-

-

3.1

2.9

2.0

-

3.2

12.8 13.6 12.8 14.0

-

9.8

-

-

-

5.2

4.7

0,4

3.9

.

Rim-% exta1t

,

l(0)i,

Neck Heigj1t

-

Neck Max Dian

-

Neck Min Dian

4J',6

9.1 11.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.6

2

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

26.4

-

-

-

-

38.0

-

30.2

-

Handles

-

Side sherds

-

-

-

Max:i.rrun Dian

-

-

-

12*

13*

14*

Rim Heiigj1t

13.0 11.3

6.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

20.5 17.0 20.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

12.3 10.9 11.5 11.2 14.0 12.0

-

-

-

-

-

Base ( fi'>igj1t)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H3ndl.es

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Side sOOrds

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

fi'>igj1t( ext:alt)

5.7

6.9

5.2

4.8

5.7

5.4

8.2

6.0

5.7

5.4

7.7

Rim fi'>igj1t

5.4

4.8

4.3

3.4

5.0

5.3

8.8

5.5

4.7

5.0

3.8

~

12.0 11.0

-

....

lJiJrensiacs

Rim· Max Dian

16.0 14.6 12.4 15.0 14.4 16.0 16.D 15.4 16.0 14.6 14.4

Ri.m-% extant

41%

Neck fi'>igj1t

-

- .

-

-

Neck Max Dian Neck Min Dian

29'10

12.2 11.8

26'10

28%

33%

29'10

36'10

23%

2g;b

49'10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.6

-

10.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

Base (fi'>iglt)

-

-

Base Width

-

-

-

Ha1d1es

-

-

-

Side

-

-

-

sherd;

.

529

.

32% .

6.1 11.4 12.4 12.4 11.8 10.6

'I . .,

Tarragooa: Terre de Audiencia (T/6)

/vlt:h.

no ,

Dimensicns ~t (extant)

5.0 13.7

6.0

6.3 14.6

4.2

5.9

6.4

8.4

7:5

5.8

4.8

4.9

, Rim fuiglt Rim MaleDian

Rim-% extant

4.5

4.7

5.1

5.1

4.1

3.8

5.5

5.3

15.4 14.0 15.2 15.6 14.9 15.0 15.4- 15.1 15.4 15.2 15.2

5J% . 18'10

2JY1o

2S'1o

2JY1o

2S'1o

18'10

2JY1o

Neck fuiglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nee!< Male Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

5.5

2S'1o

42Yo

2JY1o

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11.6 11.0 12.0 12.6 11.6 11.0 11.2 12.6 11.6 11.6 12.4

Base (fuiglt)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Widtt1.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Handles

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-,

Side sherds

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-.

-

-

--

5.2

4.4

7.3

5.7

7.5

5.2

4.7

7.4

5.1

5.6

3.8t :i!15.1 4.41>1: ti i4.7

4.9

4.7

/vlt:h.

no

Dimensicns

fuiglt (extant)

3.8 ,

Rim fuiglt Rim Male Dian

Rim-% extant

16.0 15.6 15.5 13,2 12.6 15.4 15.2 15.1 15.4 15.2 15.4 2fYIo

33% 29%

3/%

2JY1o

34%

2fYIo

35%

26%

2S'1o

29%

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck~t

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Male Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

-

12.4

-

Base (fuiglt)

-

-

-

,

9.4

.

13.0 11.8 10.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-'

-'

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

lbxlles

-

-

-'

Side sherds

-

-

-

-

'

-

-

Base Width

,

9.0 12.6 12.4

530

.

Tarra,gcrJa' Terre de A1,rliencia (T/6)

,

Dimensicns I1oight( exIa1t)

6.3

6.1

5'.1

6.0

4.4

6.2

7.6

5.1

6.5

Rim I10ight

5.4

4.8

4.3

5.1

3.7

5.0

4.6

4.8

4.7

Rim Max Dian

,

7;7

5.9

4.2

5.9

15.0 12.2 14.4 13.3 14.0 12.3 10.5 15.1 15.5 15.0 12.1

Rim-% ext:a1t

W'1o

3)'10

18'10

38"10

38"10

31 rt15.6 11.9

Rim Max Dian

296

5.0

8.5 11.4

Height (exta"lt)

6.6

295

Rim-% exta"lt

15%

15',1,

-

-

-

-

.Q()',I,

-

-

16%

15%

Neck Height

1.4

'-

-

-

-

-

3.5

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

12.2

-

-

-

-

11.6

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

11.8

-

-

-

-

-

10.5

-

-

-

10.4

Base (Height)

-

-

4.5

5.4 5.0!'!: ~

-

-

-

-

-

-

Base Width

-

-

6.8

7.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

Handles

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

=

301

3C2

303

304

305

306

307

Side srerds "

fv1l:h.

no

,

,

297

2ffi

299

"

,

,

",

,

'

D:imensirns ,

Height (exta"lt)

5.2

4.2

-

6.2

6.1

5.8

5.1

-

5.8

6.5

-

Rim Height

4.7

2.9

-

4.9

5.5

5.0

4.9

-

3.8

1.2

Rim Max Dian

14.8

14.
lJseu Arq..e1ogic de Tarragma (T/12/1-22 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 .

D:imensicns Heiglt (exta1t)

7.4

re~t

6.4(

) -

Rim r.t:lx Di""

14.0

Rim-% ei< Dian

-

-

-

-

Rim-% ex\;l;rlt

-

-

-

-

2B%

Nee!< Heigtlt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

-

-

-

-

10.1

Base (Heigtlt)

-

- .-

2.0

6.0

-

-

Ha1clles

-

1

Side sherds

-

-

Neck Ma>< Dian

Base Width

c

4.0

577

1:'

3.5

10',,6 10.5)/

-

.

I

I

-'"

Palaiapo1is of ElrpJries (E/P)

1\IrPl.

m ,

Dimensi-% exta1t

31%

11%

18%

21%

10%

13%

15%

-

-

-

-

Neck Heij],es

-

-

-

-

-

-'

-

-

-

-

-

Side shercE

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

512

863

264

722

719

AnP'J.

00

862 866Bis 9))

724

720723

. DiJrensicns

4.8

5.7

4.7

5.1

4.7

3.2

5.7 1.5(? 4.7

4.9

2.4

?

12.0

fui-% exta1t

-

21%

31%

40%

20%

31%

Neck fuight

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Max Dian

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Dian

-

- 10.9 9.9

Base (fuight)

-

- . -

-

Base Width

-

-

-

Hnlles

1

-

Side sherd;

-

-

3.2

5.3 12.1

6.4

4.7 . ?

gy,

4.3

.

20%

20%

-

17%

.-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- 10.0 11.4

-

-

-

9.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

595

.

i! 11

\''i-1

1bseS: 1981 Excavatioos (R/5)

AA\:i1.

no

722Bis 606

'2fil

7?!9

511

929 1073 1070

941 1072 1258

Oina"sioos Heiglt (ext:art;)

4.0

5.7

9.2

-

-

6.3

-

3.6

Rim Heiglt

4.0

5.7

-

-

-

2.3

-

3.2

13.9 13.2

-

-

-

9.9

- 12.1

Rim Male Diem

10%

-

-

-

20%

-

Neck Heiglt

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Male ilian

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Neck Min Oian

-

-

-

-

-

6.4

Base (Height)

-

-

4.1

-

-

Base Width

-

-

6.5

-

tarxlles

-

-

-'

Side sherds

-

-

-

i\nP1. no

6.2

6.4

- , 0.4 3.7 -

:m -

11%

Rim-% extmt

4.9

9.3 14.0 14%

14%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1145 1147 1148

1520 1507 1528 1609 1793 1491 1525

Dirnensioos

-

Heiglt (extmt)

6./

4.9 12.( 11.0

Rim Height

3.9

2.2

Rim Male Oian

1.8

4.1

4.0 3.8 13.3

6.9

3.6

-

11.2

2.7 3.8(M r) -

3.7

1.4

-

-

- 14.2 9.5

-

-

-

-

13.6 11.1 12.3 12.3 12.9

8.5

20% ' -

100''