Land Tenure and Social Stratification in Ancient Mesopotamia: Third millennium Sumer before the Ur III dynasty 9781407301136, 9781407331539

In this work, the author reconstructs the Mesopotamian land tenure system as it may have existed at or near the beginnin

210 109 8MB

English Pages [203] Year 2007

Report DMCA / Copyright

DOWNLOAD FILE

Polecaj historie

Land Tenure and Social Stratification in Ancient Mesopotamia: Third millennium Sumer before the Ur III dynasty
 9781407301136, 9781407331539

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
CONTENTS
FIGURES
TABLES
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
1. PRELIMINARIES, ANTECEDENTS, AND HYPOTHESIS
2. LAND TENURE AND THE COMMUTATION OF THE SERVICE OBLIGATION
3. AN INSTITUTIONAL DEMENSE AND DEPENDENT LAND TENURE IN PRE-SARGONIC ISIN
4. THE RUDIMENTS OF A TENURE SYSTEM "AT THE DAWN OF HISTORY": THE CASE OF THE EARLY DYNASTIC SURUPPAK
5. EXCURSUS: THE LAND TRANSFERS OF ED HIB GIRSU/LAGAS
6. THE SOCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETERMINANTS OF THE LAND TENURE SYSTEM IN ED IIIa SURUPPAK
7. THE SUMERIAN SYSTEM OF LAND TENURE: SYTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS
NOTES
TEXTS APPENDIX
INDEXES
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Citation preview

BAR S1676 2007 CRIPPS LAND TENURE AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA

B A R

Land Tenure and Social Stratification in Ancient Mesopotamia Third millennium Sumer before the Ur III dynasty

Eric L. Cripps

BAR International Series 1676 2007

Land Tenure and Social Stratification in Ancient Mesopotamia Third millennium Sumer before the Ur III dynasty

Eric L. Cripps

BAR International Series 1676 2007

ISBN 9781407301136 paperback ISBN 9781407331539 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407301136 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

BAR

PUBLISHING

For Jennifer

 

 "!   %$'&   (!)* )+, %-'./ )+)0"-'1& .')23)-"4 6 $"$"!)7' % -8 : Þ(Ù Ô Ù  Ö >Ï4Ú28 Ï E ÑLÒ4Ó(Ô Õ( Ö f ÑLÜg^Ô ÛÛ Ñ Ï;ØFØ Ó2Ö Ø Ô >Ö/Ü ^ Ï4ÑLÏ3* Ô #Þ 'Ö _Ø ß `ha(i'bc E Û ÑL5Ö * Ï4jÑ Ü%Þ(Ô Ò„Ø Ö  Û Ù ÖuÏ4ÑLÒ4Ó(Ô Õ(Ök ÑLÜlLLßLÔ Þ mÖ _ Ø ß iha#n  × ÜIßLÔ %Þ(Ô  Ô ÒÏ4Þ(( Ø oÏ4ÑLÏiØ Ö _Ø -ß 

5\#]

^

p YZæ(VæS



rÖ4ÑßÜ%Þ2Ï;Ù(^ Ï>  ÖßÔ Þ7 ^ Ô r2ÑLÜ ÖßßLÔ Ü%ÞßÏ4Þ(XÜÒÒ Û s Ö' Ü %ÑLÏ Û Ó(Ô ÒÏ;ÙoÏ4(Þ ²  Ø ^Ô ÛÛ   ÑFØ Ö _ Ø ß-

(q

ÛÛ ÑFØ Ö_ Ø ß- Ï;Ø Ô Ü%ÞßÔ Þ7^Ô ÛÛ ÑFØ Ö_Ø ß- Ü Û 'Ü %ÑLÏ Û Ó(Ô ÒÏ;Ù Þ2Ï >Öß Ô Þ

rÖ4ÑßÜ%Þ2Ï;Ù(Þ2Ï>ÖßÔ Þ7LLßLÔ ÞIØ Ö_Ø ß- r2ÑLÜ ÖßßLÔ Ü%ÞßÏ4Þ(X  ÜÒÒ Û Ï;Ø Ô Ü%ÞßÔ 7 Þ LLßLÔ ÞIØ Ö_Ø ß- s Ö' Ü %ÑLÏ Û Ó(Ô ÒÏ;Ù@Ï4(Þ {  Ø Ü Û Ü'%ÑLÏ Û Ó(Ô ÒÏ;ÙÞ2 Ï >Öß-Ô Þ LLßLÔ Ø Ö_ Ø ß-

Þ

rÖ4ÑßÜ%Þ2Ï;Ù(Þ2Ï>ÖßÔ Þ7oÏ4ÑLÏiØ Ö_Ø ß- r2ÑLÜ ÖßßLÔ Ü%ÞßÏ4Þ(X  ÜÒÒ Û Ï;Ø Ô Ü%ÞßÔ 7 Þ oÏ4ÑLÏiØ Ö _Ø -ß 

B2C

1

ç Z S8Z[1Su(vkSSæ Z tMR 

w=

xey z{ y |}~w€‚

ƒ5„…

FIGURES              !"       $%! $!&' % (!)*   $%  #  + ,             !" +'-./   $%! $0" %!1 %      $%  # ##  +'2 

      5      ! % ! 6      7 $ 8  9  )        : ;  "  :      

   % 3 4  ;" $   !=!>)   7;???*  $% #  <  #  +A@ :;6!  7$ 89)$>D* : %!      ,CB     +E :GFIHJ H M'N;:$ 9 :$ %$>D* :PO     )QR 7 : S K5L  2.CB  T>, U

TABLES



 ^C}neGme zev c>dwe if.c>*bxh ij9ckl e f gl i‡we br^ Z^C}~g>dcv cgc>‚me we)jieGv h iml if ne;f nl bm wl v v e iil wŸ^ • ]^C ¡e w¢xe b8jc>*f neG£ ˜£“sc>*f nePt uiv l v e wh xh)y h bk nl ze>^ ›¥—5–› ¦ {.^C¤;ehvdbc>de bf l e)jhm>wl il jf e bem!xg!f neGo ˜ nc>j9e ncv mc>*f nePt uiv l v e wh xh)yRh bk nl ze>^

UWVGX>Y[Z\]^ ]>_ ` ^CaIbc>de bf g!f bh ij9hk f l c>ijh im!f neGoIpIqrpsl if nePt uiv l v e wh xh)y h bk nl ze>^

{]

| ^C}~c>dc>ig>wl k;bekc>ijf bk f l c>i€c>‚h i€l ijf l f f l c>ihv me we)jie>^ ƒ ^Cu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Š€q ‹pIŒIpl ev mj'^

{_ ` {

_^Cu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Šde bke if.q ‹pIŒIpl ev mjl i ehk n€h behŽkh f ec>bg^

` \

A‘ ^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Š€h beh)jc>~j9hv e)jkc>if bhk f l ev mj'^  ^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Šdbl keGc>~j9hv e)jkc>if bhk f l ev mj'^  Z^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰j9hv e)jkc>if bhk fl ev mj‚Š kc>dde b*dbl ke;z.^)h beh>^  ]^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Šdbl keGc>*nc>j9e)jl i€kc>dde br^  {.^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Š€“I•” –— oI” ˜”I™“I•” –—š.› z.^)h beh c>*l ev m^  \^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Š€œ~}……*xh bv eg!bh f l c>ij‚z.^ h behGc>q ‹pIŒIpl ev mj'^  ` ^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Š€v e i>f n€c>‚kc>bze ž e;z.^)h beh c>‚q ‹pIŒIpdv c>f^ A| ^’…if e bme de ime ikl e)jl if ne;u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰ v h im!f e ibe"j9gjf e wŸ^  ƒ ^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Š€l ikc>weGe if l f v e we if5j‚z.^ wc>if njc>~j9e bzl ke>^

ahe A‘ Z ‘ ƒ ] { ‘

\^C§"bk nl ze;f e ¨f5j‚bc>w©…8j9l i.^ ` ^CaIbcj9c>dc>bh dnl khvv l i‰j«ª ae b8j9c>ihv¬!h we)j9­*l i …8j9l if e ¨f5j'^

{ ƒ

| C ^ ¤;ehvdbc>de bf g!f bh ije b8jl if ne;…8j9l if e ¨f5j'^ ƒ ^4‡f h f l jf l k)jc>‚q ‹pIŒIpl ev mjl iu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰.^

\Z ` \

_^4‡f h f l jf l k)jc>*l ev m!dbl ke)jl iu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰ j9hv eGkc>if bhk f5j'^

``

{ ƒ

``

A‘ ^’®l ev mjl iu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰j9hv eGkc>if bhk f5j‚xg h beh>^  ^’}ne š.›¯ › c>l kl hv jc>*u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰€h im behvdbc>de bf g!f bh ije b8j'^

|

` |

 Z^’ae b8j9c>ijl ij9e ze bhvdbc>de bf g!f bh ije b8j‚°!l f n€ml e be if š.›¯ › c>l kl hv j'^

| Z

`ƒ

 ]^’}ne š.›¯ › c>l kl hv jc>*u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰€h im f neGml jf bl k f5jl if nel b*wh ihe we if^

| ]

` _

 {.^†œ~ge b8jh im¢j9ev v e b8jc>*behvdbc>de bf gl iu„†………x ± l b8j² ³~hh)´j ^

ƒ ‘

| `

 \^/‡c>we"j9ckl hv>bc>djl iu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰.^  ` ^’§€jrj9ckl h f l c>ij‚xe f °!ee ixh bv eg!bh f l c>ijh imq ‹pIŒIpsv h im

ƒ>`

ncv ml ijl iu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰.^

A| ^†µ¶c>bze ž e"j9e bzl keGl iu„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰ª wl v l f h bg j9e bzl keGh imkcv v ek f l zeGv h xc>b­8^  ƒ ^’u„†………h"‡ˆbddh ‰Šxh bv eg!bh f l c>ij'·)v e i>f n€c> kc>bze ž e"j9e bzl keGh imh behGc>‚q ‹pIŒIpdv c>f^  _^’¸!h bl h if5jc>‚¹»º¼º!½~¾¿¶Àr¹P·)¹»Á"² o ›šÂ>à Á"Ä o ›šIÅ h im¹»º¼º!½~¾ÁÆl if e ¨f5j‚bc>w©®h bhGh im ± l b8j.^

_ ƒ A‘ Z A‘ \

2

``

ƒ ] ƒ | _] _ ƒ A| _

Ú Û Ü0݈Þ3ßÞàá ÝtâÝãäVÛ åAáàÞäæ ä çâÝ>äۀèhà#Û å#ÝééÛ à;é ê0æ ëìÛßÞ2é èLÛ-é#äáÞäÝíÛ åUä ìÝíî9ïæ ðÝà;éæ äñ%Û å>òQÞóKãà#æ âá Ý ô0ó ñ›ÝõäÝà@ï-Þß Ýõ-Þó æ ïÝàôöÞïâ÷vÛ ìïøVÞðæ ÝéÛ å ä ìÝùî9ïæ ðÝà;éæ äñÛ å ú?æ ðÝà@ûÛÛßPôxó ñ>æ ïäÝà@ï-Þß1Ýõ-Þó æ ïÝàôxå#Û à9ä ìÝ$æ à,ÝõäÝï(éæ ðÝ8Þïâ ð-Þß ç-Þãß Ýöëà#æ äæ ü çÝöÛ å'ó ñýä ìÝéæéqþUڞìÛ ûÝ­ä ìÝ­à#Ýé#çß äæ ï-á ó Û ïÛáàÞûì)ÞâÝ$ü ç-ÞäÝ$ß ñKë$Û óKûÝï(é;ÞäÝé?ä ìÝ,Ýå@å#Û à@äPé?ä ìÝ$ñIó)ÞâÝ Û ïVó ñ0ãÝì-Þß åvþ

PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS          !  "# $% %'&(  ) "+*,#-$   (.0/12 3  45     6879  :; < ">=? :@  A CBDDE(FG&( $   )H?-:I$KJL M#8NOK   PQ2 $$) - -R /R-,STFLA  U  ,- - V#)W# M- QW MRW #MW(XP$  - Y 8#"# @)  - A 8 $? K#$Z M #  P9 "  0MW #.2*,#-$ # "\[9]"# #TF

ÚAÞßéÛ`Ü0æé#ìsäÛsë$Û ïðÝ$ñ`ó ñ`ìÝ2Þà@ä å#Ý$ß ä0ä ì-Þïÿ(é)äÛ`èhà#Û å#ÝééÛ à ßÞ ï 3æ ß ßÞà#âUÛ å9ä ìÝAî9ïæ ðÝà;éæ äñUÛ å9ú?æ ðÝà@ûÛÛßPôLó ñYäÝ2ÞëìÝà Þïâ ó ÝïäÛ àô6å#Û à ìæé Ýïë$Û çàÞ$á Ýó Ýïä!Þïâ±áçæ âÞïë$Ýþ sæ ä ìÛ çäGìæé+ë$Û ïäæ ïçÝ$â'ÞïâžÝïä ìç(éæÞ2é#äæ ëué#çûûÛ à@äGå#Û à8ó ñ Ü0Û à@ÿ¢ãÛ ä ì æ ï¢ìæé6çïâÝàáàÞâ ç-ÞäÝ!ë$ßÞ2ééÝé Þïâ æ ï ó ñ ûÛ-é#äáàÞâ ç-ÞäÝYé#ä çâæ Ýé0â çà#æ ï-áYä ìÝ)û-Þ2é#äRå#ÝܜñÝ2Þà;é,ä ìæé,Ü0Û à@ÿ Ü0Û çß â0ïÛ ä(ì-ÞðÝ~ë$Û ó ÝiäÛ0å@à@çæ äæ Û ïhþ

^`_a@b$cd ce f # M-  M( \   hg *,#22 "\ I#i  ($V  Vj khlnm N1j khlAo)DTF OO0#?o)DTF p E,$#qF rs$ P3 "t  :> >$ .V` 22#M#u "+# $v.V# ]#$V I$  ?#w$ x) - F N e y{j z8| #w$}xo8O-F p0 AqF NR) -~oAE D e y{j z o)DTF ,w   AqF /Q-$ € 22#M#v.RM(#M-  € "GW-# $(.Q    ) `  22#M#~ "x# $ . #~]#$I2\"#   Iqg &T  N1   ~o)B ‚DIƒ;„vj d … o)B ‚DV   #qF †h#X@&T  ‡N e l b o)B ‚DIƒ;„vj d … o)B ‚DV   #qF /Q-$ s 22#M#A"@#  €&T  ˆ `#X@&T  #i  ($V  V   #qF Jn N e l b‰PŠ8…‹ Œ o ‚(ODIƒ;„vj d … o)B ‚D  ‚(ODGŽQ   #qF 5$2M(9 9:- M, " 9Jni# Gƒ;„vj d … ? ?$@ K  2-$  i ) K&M@M-w)]Pi#I]#$A2iƒ;„vj d … F‘0   ( I? K$h’PF

ÚAÞó áàÞäÝå@çß0äÛsèhà#Û å#ÝééÛ  à -ç(é;ÞïuèLÛß ß Ûëÿuå#Û à ìÝà à#Ý2Þâñ ûÝà@ó æééæ Û ïCäÛãÛÛ ÿTô 

     ! "$#%&!'%()* + ,-Q æ ïGó ñIå#æáçà#Ý)é .Þ Þï/ â .v1 ã 02 3547658 9: ? @BAC8 9:DAE 0FG>:C@ 3 H'9GIJ2 @ K 9:DAL@ 47MONP:C9QARA

S 6':T4 8 9U@ :T; 9:VF&@BARAL@ 6'2PW$XY@ F&@ ?70:)4 8%02ZYA0:C953'= 9O4761NP:C6 S 9QARAL6': [ 0UH'9]\^9QAC47928 6? _`02 3a8 @BAb;=> ? @BAC8 9:DAdc=YAL9=F ef=YALg= ?702=FhNP:C9QARAifj)8 6kZ @ 2 3? Ml0? ? 6'jT9U3F&95476:C9;:C63'= gU9 8 @BAm0=476 HQ:L0;8onp'qsrlt u1@ 2kF&M S @7HQ=:C9tYWv@7HQ=:C95r'wx0 S 479: NP:C6 S 9QARAL6':zyT02YAz{T@BARAL92%| Azv@7HQ=:C9}r~6 S 8 @BA€! "$ +‚ ƒ „G  +Cƒ…V†‡ x 

 1() +€"$R4 w€@BAˆ:C9;:C63'= gU9U3> M ; 9:VF&@BARAL@ 6'2‰6 S 4 8 9&IJ2 @ K 9:DAL@ 47M6 S EŠ8 @ g 0UH'65NP:C9QARA)02 3 S @7HQ=:C9 u i‹0 S 479:Œ4 8 9X%TŽ S 0 ALgU@ gU? 9rk6'2/X%=F&9:Rif@BA@ 2 gU? = 39U3jT@ 4 8 ; 9:VF&@BARAL@ 6'2 S :C6'Fs4 8 9 ? @BAC8 9:DA‘$9476'= _U9UMŒ94 [ 2 9 ’!6 S N0:C@BAW “P” • •–C—˜C—–C—™ šU—Q› œ™ -œšž™ Ÿ' T• —U ¡Q¢&—™£¤›Š£7ŸG£ ¥ —Q›L—m›LŸ'”–CšU—Q› œ–C— ¡'¦ § —™Œ T¦ £ ¥— œš¥Œ˜C¦7¡Q”–C—¨ ©f¥ —ªšU•7œ«ˆ£Bœ¬ • —£-¦ ™ˆ£ ¥ —®­¥ Ÿ'£7Ÿ ¡Q–Lœ­¥€Ÿ'™ˆ£ ¥ —^šUŸ'§ —–‰¦B›‰£ ¥ — Ÿ'¬§ —–D›L—ªŸ'˜‰£ ¥ —^“œ–Lœ®£Bœ¬ • —£G­”¬ • ¦B›C¥ —U€œ ›¯&°²± ³ˆ¬ «z´G¨ µT—U¦ ¢&—U•1¦ ™·¶¸¹'³P¨G©f¥ —€£Bœ¬ • —£1¦B›/­%œ–V£1Ÿ'˜o£ ¥ —xš”™ —U¦ ˜CŸ'–V¢ šUŸ• • —Uš£7¦ Ÿ'™-¦ ™&£ ¥ —TºTŸ'–C—–Lœ ›L¦7œ£7¦B›Lš¥ —Q›¼»”Y›L—”¢½Ÿ'˜Š¾‹—–C• ¦ ™-œ™  ¦ £¤›m¢G”Y›L—”¢¿™”¢G¬ —–m¦B›-ÀYÁ'5 G 5>  "('&( "@,##:&5>  3GH3+ ;" 5 !.I 5>  !( " )  " I!( ",##4" 5 '&( 5 #) " J'&( " )   5 ('&( 5 (8" 0&'&( " )  =  57 58K1#( ! !#4) 3)7) ,.:) 3 57L 5  ?62 S E& S I G SG|77 « ' *lr ' t|5 ' tR¬ ' 7#r r9?97 '&( &' ( " w95 9w 5C* w6*%O­x w  5 wGH2 756S x 75 G 7.?Rt 7.q? 7#x9t 7#I 7.B&5 7.w G57 ¯ G)O B G|75 G|77 « / xG / #4"( ¢N7 ²

* #"( M9  !#$"(8!#;š5 , ›@7 )  › › E * 0"" ) (8>:3G|   3œ 6q GH  ! * ( {OP,.,.; L!,#(8#).5+ )  {),# L!,#(8#))!%$S3(6xC+ "(87) ,.:) 3 e]h#Z8c#b)\)]%i „>h#c`X i"]Z om)^ h.k)X `3d

4

e]h#Z8c#b)\)]%i&^ _` ‘a"]c]#obc#km)^ h.k.j]%i&^ _`&Y\ k…H`3d+^ bo`"c^ g6X d+^ `>k`"ZCbZ8a"_#b)X da"_`"cž `X \ da"_ZX i^ Ÿ`X a"_`"c ˆ~b)^ `"ZX b)\ di"]Z^ _`nd8dKj#ZX bc&‹JX a^ X ]c#bZlj ˆQ`3d]ŠN]^ bo,# $"!( ;7) ,.:) 3 OQ = ;! (83:& q =   = 4)  !:@¦ *K+ , '&( " )#* #+   ,  r,#  3)  !# '&( " )  t9!03 "#+ &5 #) "  '&( " )  "t6  "( ) ,#( ¡  ,##4 ' ::@¦ 58K1#( ! !#4)  w""! (858K1#( ! !#4) {),#*  "(8#)  !#)  w!1.)#* #"( M9  !#!%$OQ3!MN! ;:& ?C   7) ,.:)x|M9 4( l$ )t6 #4), +   +,@¢6  !'&( "  5   "! 7",  v >),.CIC(  7) ,.:) !&BJ + !( 5 ( :"# 7),.;"( "w"" +,#( E.,##:":36*%*%*RL#( ),."#: ),.:"(6¬N )0"!(C:"(9*%*%*Nq1##+   0"! / ( GH .5 ,7 ¯l)  › › ° GHv &,##:O~) "(8  ":"(6I( ),&r(8!%$"38!(9BJ  MN(8"" 2 !  "  !N©~L"# B™U": ª"!,   ® G|   3+,.; = ( "3(8"#) {),#3 G|   37),.; = ( "3:>7 «l,#(,8MMRE&"!#"(80" = 3), OP,. = >:>7) ;!, / (6x9v#303)  !¡+, ª3" " .-±&,  ,#(,##:w  4) !:3)  "'&( "  ¢9!( :"( + )  ">7"( $ :"#E"; F  "(C:"( } ± ! F  4)  ""#ƒHOP,.""¡+, ?6"(   $  :,.;"( !%$&   v#303) 3:@B®%D2KCJ =HN'>'XCV'TH=CA'P`Da¯Yn {|AgJLKMPL=CBG0=CBEF >'N+DQP @BENZP 'J >0^@F[DEP`DlKMA0Ni=%X%>@A0>@THF X@BEFLKMAD X%JLKCF T±P @G0=CB#PLRO ‚ R?@?A0=%N ‚ R’@VDS=C'J N+DuF AP @B ¯KYD?=%J JKYDKG'V ‚ J F X>@B F ADEPLF P V'PLF >@A+KCJDS=%XCPL>@Ban

 

 !#"%$'&()%!#$'"%*+, -'&.-0/1/2(3/2!#4'-')%45-'&6-7&4'8#9 9 !#9 $'6$'8 , -'&:!#4'("%4 ;@?A0=CB2DE@IJLKMA0NO'P @IPL=CA'V'BE=F AW?+DS=.>@IcJLKMA0NdKMBE=6I#V'A0N0KMTH=CA'P[KCJ:PL>eP @Ii=%X%>@A0>@THF =_DjKMA0NkDS>'X%F =CPLF =_DaOlKMA0X%F =CA'PmKMA0N TH>'N'=CB#An];@A0>@THRq>@I.P @BEJ N KMA0N1=Cv0=CA1P @PTH=YKYDEV'BE=]?=YKCJ P @BWF A0X%>@TH=zF A7TH>@A0=%RgPL=CB#T1Dnd{|A s V'TH=CB}P +D DS=_D DSF >@A>@I}F B#BEFL^'KMPL=%N€JLKMA0NKMA0NP @ADEV'TG'PLF >@A5>@IWF P`DWVDEV'I#B#V0XCP|O=%F P @IBE=%N'F[DEP BEF ‚ V'PLF >@AuF A1BSKMPLF >@ADaOKMI#IE>@BEN'=%N:P @IcTH>+DEP|OF IZA0>@PƒKCJ J`ODS=CP PLJ =%N„@VDS=C'J N+D ^_BE=YKMPKMA0NWDET:KCJ J|n

´3>@BIEF I#PLR R'=YKMB2DHI#BE>@T²P 0^@F[DEP`D N'=Cv0=%J >@G0=%N’P @I:P @TÆP @AH>@IŒP @IKMBS^_V'TH=CA'P`DŒ@A£O P @PŽ^@F v0=CA DSR+DEPL=CT:KMPLF XzX%>@ADSF N'=CBSKMPLF >@AnŽ;?>7>@IQP @ADSF N'=CBE=%NƒBE=%J =Cv+KMA'PI#BE>@TqP 'F A'P>@IP @B#T…PL=Cy'P`D†BE=%X%>@v0=CBE=%N‡I#BE>@TˆKMA0X%F =CA'P s V'TH=CB F A0N'F XYKMPL=„P @T~KYD ISKMB ‚ KCXCtoKYD P 'NO'JLKMA0N?QKYDŒG'BE=%N'>@THF A+KMA'PLJ R@I†P @P < G'BE>@G'BEF =CPL>@B2DE@A˜>@I–JLKMA0N™>@?A0=CB2DE@A'PLF A'V0=%NšP @A0>@THR5?QKYD ‚ KYDS=%NmG'BEF T:KMBEF J Rq>@AqP @ThP +DEP>@I>@V'BF A'IE>@B#T:KMPLF >@AzK ‚ >@V'PJLKMA0Nƒ>@?A0=CB2DE@v0=CBE=%N7I#BE>@T‡P @A5PL> F A'IE=CBP @THF A+KMA0X%=:>@IP @?A0=CB2DE@IJLKMA0N£n s =%X%>@A0N'J RO6P @P[K%^@>@A0F[DEP`D>@IšP @?A0=%N@VDS=_DaO_>@BEXC'R'=%N JLK ‚ >@V'BgBE=CTV'A0=CBSKMPL=%Nd?F P @AD5KMA0NUDEV'G'G0J =CTH=CA'PL=%N ‚ R DEV'G0=CB#v0F[DS>@B2DQKMA0NzJLK ‚ >@V'BBE=%XCB#V0F PL=%N]IE>@BDE@B#PL=CBG0=CBEF >'N+D=YKCXC< R'=YKMBgv0FLK.P @B#v0= žL='n;@B#t0=CB2DXCBE=YKMPL=%NHKQDS=%X%>@A0NXYKMPL=Y^@>@BER>@IŒJLKMA0N+‰['J N'F A+^+O@?@G0J =Z? ?>@B#t0=%NŽIE>@BcP @BcG0=CB#’ISKMB#TIE>@B:P @?A @VDS=C'J N0¡ DxDEVDEPL=CA+KMA0X%=QKYD?=%J J3KYDŒBSKMPLF >@ADŒIE>@BP 'NW>@I P @AjPL>hG0=CB#IE>@B#T¢P @B#v0= žL= G0>+D DSF ‚ J R ‚ =%X%>@TH=_DgKMP P[KCXCeP @v0F N'=%N ‚ RP @IP BSKMADEIE=CB2D>@IŒJLKMA0NPL>WKCJ J KMG'G0=YKMBSKMA0X%=_DgA0>@PuG+KMB#Pƒ>@IZP 0^@F XYKCJ J F PL=CBSKMP V'BE=zKuISKCJ[DS=]N'F XC@PL>@THR ‚ =CP ?=%=CA7JLKMA0Nc>@?A0=%N ‚ RZP @?A0=%N6JLKMA0N£nx;@T³=YKCXC@P @I:P 6IE>@B#T1Dƒ>@Iu>@?A0=CB2DE@v0=CB2‰`=Y^'^@=%NODSF A0X%=7P A0>@PKCN@V'T ‚ BSKMPL=P @ADKMP P[KCXC5P 'XCV'TH=CA'P`DnŒ°J J?= =Cv0=CB.t'A0>@?¹F[D.P @B.>@BEXC@A0=G0>+D DS=_D DSF >@AQPL>KMA0>@P 5BE=CA'PL=%N >@V'P>@AKgDE@G'G0F A+^ ‚ KYDSF[Dn£;@BXCV0J PLF v+KMPL>@BBE=CP[KCF A0=%N]KG'BE>@G0>@B#PLF >@A >@IHP @P @I JLKMA0NH@BBE=CA'PL=%N:JLKMA0NH?=CBE=X%J =YKMBEJ RuDS=%F[DS=%NH>@I KMAF A'PL=CBE=_DEPŸF A€P €KMA0N DSF TV0J P[KMA0=%>@VDSJ R?F P @I#PL=CAdKYD DEV'TH=_DzP ‚ =F A G'BEF v+KMPL=>@?A0=CB2DE@A:>@I?@B>@?A0=CB2DE@I#PL=CAHX%>@ADSF N'=CB2DJLKMA0NWPL> ‚ =]@A7>@IQP @IPL=CA'V'BE=>@BDSR+DEPL=CTƒn;@PLF >@Aƒ>@I®M>@?A0=CB2DE@AHKYDŒP 'NWF A s V'TH=CB KCJ[DS>zBE=%X%>@BENzP @IG0J >@P`DQ>@IJLKMA0NcKMA0N

5

KYDKMG'G0J F =%NWPL>WJLKMA0N T:KCR@A0>@THF =_Dƒº s PL=%F A't0=%J J =CB:·'¸'¸@Á½ ¶+¾@Å2nx®œKMA0N5PL=CA'V'BE=@¯ DSF TG0J R6TH=YKMADƒP @IuJLKMA0N.KMA0N6F TG0J F =_DuA0>@P @V'P>@?A0=CB2DE@A >@IK]JLKMA0NgPL=CA'V'BE=]­  ­¨ © pF[D N'=CBEF v0=%N5I#BE>@T²P 'J N+D ·'¸'¸bµY½ Ñ@·0Å2n;1IE=CV0N0KCJŒDS>'X%F =CPLRuKMA0N:G+KMB#PLF XCV0JLKMBEJ RuKYD DS>'X%FLKMPL=%N:?F P < P 'X%F =CPLF =_DWF Ag?@BS^'KMA0F[D2KMPLF >@A£ODS>@TH=>@I?„A0>@P|¯%OKMA0NdDS>„F P1F[DZA0>@P A0=%X%=_D D2KMBERŸPL>–KYD DEV'TH=hP @I†IE=CV0N0KCJ F[DET PL> N'F[DSX%>@v0=CBK…+IS+5' *(G^*?  , C% */7%&!Z!6*35%5ID%5C"  3:+'  :6%''%+ID%+IP O!q: . š@› œD8žŸ ¡V¢ £¤F¥E ¡V¢ ¦œ+§  GI©P%&!  ªJ« ••¬+”­•• ¨  Šs% ' -@‹@-%&!  3X0u”­••¬+”®"••¯= 3>% 3X°B ŠW‹^0,0 ”®"••¬+”+±••¯= 3>% 3X°B ŠW‹^0,0,0 % ”+±••¬+”+²••‘eŒ:,:((%H³´µ%6%5¶ ŠW‹@0,0,029 ”+²••¬+”ª²•¯·J "Y,e/%6C*+ 3 –=' I@=%I% ”ª²•¬+”µ«²•‘e/%6C*+ 3 : !6* -¸ ?  +35h*+' -m!^G;%Id*¸ >+hS+ I+35d? * r  3&%&C*  "!W*?q'%+I@>+*' I C=?, *Gp6%&!W&% '  8 >%PŠW‹^0,0,0 %. bW>+D "!6&% 3>N!M35*+35,+5I;U >+F35 -Y,! %"!M*?# >+H% &% +*+h'% ](%,T*?] >+!`(+  *Im%&!^¹JºOy„µº2» ¼ e:GZ½57A >+T'  G O!N*?;+ 3>] &C":+'% ' -gS%  5I‡g >+ ! >+ ?, C™3>%+5'!p*?l >+¸b)C" !n*i >+m&%&! ^%+Ii >+ ŠW:(>6%"!F*u >+$+]  S+RI5' %&!R+ ] >+5 5IŽ >+·1!6%¿¾B:+' ?V.ub)*Ž >++*, >/7 ¼  >+'%+I½ ˆ+I5ID%M'   ' M9+5-*+ID%+35 ©@ ((:V.

;Œ=CA'V'BE=:I#BE>@TpP @A£O@VDS=C'J N’>@B1^_BE>@V' G Cª ¬ i>@P O!M*?# >+ %DS+!ZYO[1YS+!N >+\'%+I' * I]>+*+c( S%' +35d fe:G`*?g >+h!6 GH:+' %+5*:! *+ (]*? &%'=( *(+,-g!; >+\! :9L 53P*? >+!K!  :+I-7 + 3>i I ?  "!j >+k35*GH(+*+O!l%+Im( *355I: "!l%+I ! :CC"! O!]%&! (+53O!g*?\ >+n3:! *G;% -h'%+HˆO!V7J+ 3>4% H >+I+%%9%&!6*?M >+!@!  :+I-7J* C % ?, *GieŒ:,:((%K*+U!6*: >4%+IN©@ ((:X%+IN06!6 K   >+R+*, >g*?Ue:GV.sbW>+R(  G;% -\S+ I+354? *F-(+"!*? '%+Iu: 4 T >+  IuG ' ' + :GÃe:GD!H%II:+355IQ?, *G 3:+5 ? *,GĈ% 3>+ S+"!K?, *GĊs% ' -]‹@-%&!  3geŒ:,:((% ³´µ%6%5¶67P( "Y$*Q&% ' -ce/%6C*+ 3^06!6 c%+Ij©@ ((:R*?4 >+ 35'%&!Z!6 3&%'De/%6C*+ 3R(+  *I/.sbW>+"!6u% 3>+ S+"!U% 7A%6C":%9+' -7 %IG +!  6% S+H%+I;535*+*G 3P 535* I!#?, *Gk(%'%357GH(+'  %+I@(  S%M>+*:!6>+*' I! . bW>+Å!  :+I-Æ +35*,(+*6%"!i%+IÆGH(>%&!6!6"! 6%!%3 *! 35*+35,+ C$ &%'E( *(+,-4?, *Gi >+KC N*?=ˆO!=:! :%' '  ( "!65IŽ%&!d!%' ¸I*3:GO!n*p!%' ¸35* 6%3O!Ç6.4 (  +35 (%'s%+IK"!Z!6%')*9L 53 S+!M*N &C"6%F >+"!6;!%'  I*3:GO!È*™35* 6%3O!™É%IG +!  6% S+Å 535* I!  5'%5I*;'%+I U%= 535*!  ,:+3 *;*?s >+@: F!6-! GK.+02 !$%' G*! F  5' -g >+T3&%&!6u >%P >+!$!6- >+"!6!U>%&!U9+5 %9!6E?, *GŽ!  :+I "!@*?@!%' ;35* 6%3O! .102?XˆO!B?, *G >+"!6 I ?,?  uC "!]3&%+*49+n , 5'%5Id? *\ &%&!6*!g*?  +35*GH(% 9+ '  -u*D ! :?,?  35 +35-7)0@>%S+K+*M +35*,(+*6%5I  >+G‘ Ê35*+35' :!6 *!f &%3>+5IË*Ë >+Ä!  ,:+3 : Ì%+I ( *35"!Z!6"!W*?8 >+=e:G %D'%+I@: =!6-! GK.

* +35( :%' ' -78'%+I4GH96%35"!P%' 's &%'s(  * (+,-R%+I4 4 >+ r  3:+5 ? *,Gt35*,(:!u >+!T+35*GH(%&!Z!6"!u?  5' I!V7D>+*:!6"!\%+I * 3>% I!)%+Iv*8S+&C%9+' BC% I! . w#xJyDz{,|J}J~D/y€5 ‚};ƒ„J};ƒ€5yƒ … -h35*+35,k!\*c 535*!  ,:+3$ >+ … "!6*(+*%G%h'%+I : p!6-! G†%&!‡ $G;%-c>%S+lˆ+! 5Ih%4*T+&%u >+ 9+&C + CU*?A>+! * -/./‰=+35H%PG;%6L *#? *3:!M!M*U >+DˆO! ?, *GhŠW‹n0,0,0 %PeŒ:,:((%/7+ 3>;% = >+=?  ! 1+@G* @ 5358*? + 3>Ž!de/%6C*+ 3.R@' *+C >+Z7Q >+! :9! % S+!  :+I(+  *IR35*S+!P%9+*:E? *:B>:+I 5I4-&%!@ 4 >+;G II' U*?  >+M >+  I@G ' ' + :GK.

bW>+PI+%%9%&!6@? *) >+!A!  :+I-F >+ ? * =G;%6L *!E*H >+*!6D!%'  I*3:GO!N+ 3>^3&%]9+u( *(+ ' -]S%' :%5Ig+ ] >+ 35*ˆu*?`%&!Z!6*35%9+' c%IG +!  6% S+c% 3>+ S+"! .·1,>%(! ! :,( !6 C' -7+%XG;%6L *  -F*?W >+B( *(+,-D 6%! ? qˆO!W?, *G  >+— >+  IdG ' ' + :GÉ9+? * j°BT0,0,0u3&%p9+^ &%&!Z!6"!Z!65I + P >+!q+P+I*?s >+@? *:, >G ' ' + :Gd: ' %9+*:;””••j j >+]–=' I—=%I%j(+  *Ij%+I— I ?  "! !6*GN35*GH(+*+O!P*?= >+U: $!6-! GiI:  CK >+!= G. bW>+h3> *+*' *+C 3&%'u? *3:!—*?` >+˜!  :+I-m!l! :GHG;% !65I 9+5' *+*:C">l%\9 *+%IR!  *:C">— >+\>+! * -^*?

0j>%S+¸ 5'  5Ii? *j >+˜G*! g(%,]*i >+¸35*(+ "!p%+I  6 %!6'  6% *!$*?K3:+5 ? *,GÄ%9+' O!K(:9+' ! >+5I`9+-—* >+ !63>+*'%!V7;! :((+' G5Ip9+-c ! (+53 *!\*?T(>+**+C"6%(>!V7

6

>+? @ZD@`KkHdUZM DD@ZR LE y^E K L LE @‰C)D|R C^@Z] K F @ZR U!@vIC)DdH\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR L O @ZIC)D@^L ? @^O @ b)K R R K RQbgC)IJL ? @fƒuOQPZK FTK RTL ? @VH\C)M L ?2zPSR F PZE L ? C)MQb?iL ? @ZD@NKkH,H\C)W,@eM R U!@ZDLkPZK R LyiP H5LCjA? @ZL ? @ZD5C)D6R C)L ] @HLKb)@HC)I,@ PSDE K @ZD,ƒuX X @ZDŠ‹PZEPZ@!C E K L ? K UxU!C)WWM R K LK @HWPZy O @5O M DK @!FO @ZR @ PSL ?aL ? @PZE E M ] K M WŒPSL;L ? @6? @ PZFC)IL ? @6Š%@ZDH\KPSR Ž M E IchdPSL L ? @ZA5H„p o o o2 ‘)’\z2K L+KkH“D@ b PSDF @!F.P H“D@ P H\C)RQPSO E @6L ?QPSL L ? @f@ PSDE yTƒuOQPZK FgA6P HnL ? @BLK W,@^C)IiL ? @BIK DHLNX @ZDWPSR @ZR L P!bDK UZM E L M D\PZE H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcHK ReL ? @PSD@ P‚A? K UZ?eO @!U PSW,@a†QM W,@ZD kŠ%CQHLkb PSL@.}•” ” p2 pQ–)’t —%C)DsL ? @1A? C E @6C)IsL ? @IK IL ?W,K E E @ZR R K M W L ? @H\@xD@ZWPZK R @!FnP H,KkH\C EPSL@!Fi] K E EP!b)@HPSR FJK LuA6P HR C)LuM R LK E ?QPZE IJA6PZyTK R LCgL ? @^R @ZY L|W,K E E @ZR R K M W.zEPSL@fK RTL ? @fƒuDM ˜ X @ZDK C Fz“L ?QPSL1L ? @jIK DHL6EPSD\b)@JH\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcHaC)DU!K LK @H.PSR FnL ? @ F @Z] @!E C)X W,@ZR LeC)IiPSRfM DOQPSRf? K @ZD\PSDUZ? ywPSX X @ PSD@!F™kš1KkH3H\@ZR }•”Q‘ ‘Q m mQz2› › ’t š1C)D KkH„PSR y)L ? K RQb˜ R C)AR.PSO C)M L;A? CA1@ZD@1L ? @ X @!C)X E @dA? CvE K ] @!FvK RvL ? @i@ PSDE K @HL5ƒuOQPZK F`H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcH.PSR F A? K E @5H\C)W,@6H\UZ? C EPSDH HX @!UZM EPSL@uL ?QPSLL ? @!y5WPZy5D@ZX D@H\@ZR LL ? @ C)DKb)K RHwC)I^L ? @œ†QM W,@ZDKPSRH{zjC)L ? @ZDHfU!C)RZ@!UZL M D@žL ?QPSLŸL ? @ †QM W,@ZDKPSRH W,KbD\PSL@!F,K R LCL ? @5PSD@ P6PSL‹L ? @6@ZR F,C)IsL ? @6ƒuOQPZK F2t  1@ZL5C)L ? @ZDHNHMQb b)@HL6L ? @!yvF K F`H\C‰PSL6L ? @i@ZR FvC)IL ? @dƒuDM ˜ X @ZDK C F‚kŠ%CQHLkb PSL@}•” ” p2 pQ– ¡ ¢Q’t

(%, 3:+'% ' -R+ N >+"!6$% $%S% '%9+' NS+%U >+U+ +*:C">40M>%S+ 6%!6'  6%5I %$! G;%' '#:GH9+P*?@35*(+ "!D%+IR35*' '%5Iu!6S+6%'E%9+' O!P   >+ )  ! > … :!6:G !q( "Y,e/%6C*+ 3X35*' ' 53 * .













* ' ' 53 *!]*?g3:+5 ? *,G†ˆO!gG;%-d9+n35*!6 I 5Ik%&! r  % 3>+ S+"! ‡I ?,?  B+g´µ%6% %9+' O!=>%S+N%R% 3>%5*' *+C 3&%')( *S+%+35; 4 I ? %9+'  35 6%'%IG +!  6% S+‡9:+ ' I C+!$ leŒ:,:((%—*K3&%^9+  5'%5I;*U&%3>N* >+#( *!6*(+*+C"6%(>+ 3&%' ' -/.+bW>+PŠW+'  ' G;%9% % 3>+ S+ G*! Æ( *9%9+' G;%%"!É?, *G % (  S% >+*:!6>+*' I7q>%&!F%N' "!Z!D35,% u% 3>%5*' *+C 3&%'E( *S+%+357 9:$ +I:9+ %9+' -p p©@ ((:Z7H%+Ip O!uˆO!u>%S+—*9S+ *:! ( *!6*(+*+C"6%(>+ 3&%'µ'  !E**+D%+* >+V.bW>+=( *S+%+35@*?  >+;I*3:GO!B?, *Gf06!6 $!@!6*N:+35,% K >%)+*sS+$ O! ' *3&% *  06!6  ! %&!Z! : 5I %+I !6*G *?  >+ ( *!6*(+*+C"6%(>+ 3&%'1'  !V7 >+*:C">H(%' (%9+' 7G;%-F9+B &C% I5I %&!q% S+ 6.



£ R U!@jADK LK RQbnPSX X @ PSDHK RnL ? @xL@ZY LcHC)IL ? @jEPSL@jƒuDM ˜2zA1@ X @ZD?QPSXH“?QPS] @PSR.K R F K U PSLK C)RaL ?QPSLˆA1@PSD@‚K RaL ? @5X D@H\@ZR U!@5C)I L ? @.†QM W,@ZDKPSR|U!K ] K E KkHPSLK C)R2z;PSR F|PSD@ab)K ] @ZR|P,bD@ PSL@ZDF @ bD@!@ C)IU!@ZDLkPZK R LyO yL ? @5PSDUZ?QPZK U1L@ZY LcHIDC)Wg¤{@ZW,F @ZL%š6P HD3z A? K UZ? O DK F b)@L ? @1EP HL }•o oy @ PSDHC)IL ? @IC)M DL ?W,K E E @ZR R K M WTPSR F5L ? @ IK DHL }•o oC)IL ? @L ? K DF2t)>+? @ £ E F,†QM W,@ZDKPSR‚X @ZDK C FzQH\C5RQPSW,@!F O @!U PSMH\@JK LcH.ADK LK RQbvF @Z] @!E C)XH.LCvD@ZX D@H\@ZR L6L ? @n†QM W,@ZDKPSR EPSRQbMQP!b)@gW,C)D@gIM E E yz|bD\PSWWPSLK U PZE E yŒPSR FžX ? C)R @ZLK U PZE E yz @ZY L@ZR FQHsIC)DPSO C)M L‹p m)oy @ PSDHsK R‚L ? @uW,K F F E @uXQPSDL%C)I+L ? @uL ? K DF W,K E E @ZR R K M W¥IC)D6L ? @NF)M D\PSLK C)RiC)I6L ? @e¦sPSDE yj§1y)RQP HLK U|k¦+§6’ ‡‡‡ˆX @ZDK C F2t>+? @u¦sPSDE y5§1y)RQP HLK Uu‡©¨‡‡z HLK E EA1K L ?PSDUZ?QPZK UL@ZY LcH{z PSD@|K R L@ZDX CQH\@!FJPSLL ? @N@ZR FdC)I6L ? @e¤{@ZW,F @ZL„š6P HD3z+A? K E @eL ? @ †QM W,@ZDKPSRªIE C)D@H\U!@ZR U!@«@ZR FQH¬A1K L ?ªL ? @«U!C)R ­)M @HL®C)I ¯+MQb PZE ° P!b)@H\KC)IˆƒuDM ˜6O y‚†2PSD\b)C)R5C)I;~˜ ˜QPZF2t



bW>+N35*' ' 53 *!P*?=ˆO!Pˆ%G +5I4?6%35 '  %; >+UI% '  C *?—!6*35%'T%+I¸535*+*G 3k!  ,:+3 : "!]+ ˜+ 3>˜+<  ,( % *!@*?@%((% A!%' "!=*?X &%')( *(+,-K9+535*G (+*!Z!6 9+' .bW>+DŠW‹c0,0,0 %P%9+' O!#?, *GmeŒ:,:((%U%9+' P:!#* *:'  +U%H: U!6-! Gf%E% *:+IK”+²²•/./bW>+06!6 K 535* I! G;%-;9+FI+%5I;*; >+D 5C"N*?#°B &%5CD U°B,:U3.”ª •U%+I  >+nŠW+'  ' G;%9%n% 3>+ S+l>%&!‡9+5kI+%5Id*d >+l(+  *I ””+±•¬+”””•7?, *Gh'%@ F >+B 5C"H*? … %+!  :! :F*D >+=+I *?@©P%6%GUY,e  !V78 >+*:C">Q*R >+U9%&!6!P*?@35*27q0B+"!6RˆO!V7E>+*+$+ +IT*?F &C"6% *T*?H!%' "!F*?P &%'A( *(+,I+%%D%+IU%IG +!  6% S+P 535* I!#* 535*!  ,:+3q'%+IH:    >+@G;%+s(+*!Z!6 9+' @?, *Gh >+P35*' ' 53 *!E*?)ˆO!#%1 >+ >+&%,/*?8 >+!s!  :+I-/.



>+? @,†QM W,@ZDKPSRaX @ZDK C Fa@ZR FQH A1K L ?L ? @6R @!CQ…†QM W,@ZDKPSRD@Z] K ]QPZE C)IL ? @1ƒuD‡‡‡+F y)RQP HLy2t>+? @ƒuD‡‡‡ˆ¦+WX K D@)z)O DK @ZIK RF)M D\PSLK C)R cC)R E y²}•o oœy @ PSDHlIDC)Wºp‹}•o o)¡ p o o o ’\zNA6P HB@ZY L@ZRH\K ] @[K R b)@!C bD\PSX ? y»PSR F±D@HM DD@!UZL@!F»†QM W,@ZDKPSR»P H[L ? @¥C)IIK U!KPZE EPSRQbMQP!b)@)zL ? C)MQb?.K L+KkH„F C)M O L IM E;L ?QPSL;L ? @5EPSRQbMQP!b)@6A6P H„PSR y E C)RQb)@ZDHX C)˜ @ZR6O @!y C)R F‚H\UZDK OQPZEH\UZ? C C EkHPSR F6C)IIK U!KPZEU!K DU!E @H•t

 ! "!# $%"! &')( +*,#, "! # $# &-.' "! &  /. "102'  302' "! 4 ' *5#6"!7! & $  8)96 :;7'6-' 4 ' $  02/.' &; +: +? @ZD@xWPZy ?QPS] @ŸO @!@ZRfPSR^K R UZD@ P H\@!FBF KkHX @ZDHPZE,C)INW,K R C)DxH\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcH PZE C)RQbŒO D\PSR UZ?€U PSRQPZEkH^K R L ? @[EPSL@TL ? K DFŒW,K E E @ZR R K M WºK R U!C)R L D\P HLuLCiL ? @|¦sPSDE yi§1y)RQP HLK UNX @ZDK C FzA? @ZRŸH\C)W,@NIC)M D… IK IL ?HC)IL ? @,X C)X M EPSLK C)R|UZDC)A1F @!FNK R LCeL ? @,U!K LK @HPZE C)RQbaL ? @ WPZK R A6PSL@ZDA6PZyQHfk~1F PSWaH[}•”Q‘}  p)¢ ¢ ¡Qm ’* t )C)A1@Z] @ZD3zeL ? KkH F C @H5R C)LuHMQb b)@HLPNHM OHLkPSR LKPZE“UZ?QPSRQb)@.LCxL ? @eF KkHL DK O M LK C)R C)I;L ? @„WPZK R5U!K LK @H•t

§M DK RQbaL ? @IK DHLL A1CQ…kL ? K DFQHuC)I„L ? @‚L ? K DFaW,K E E @ZR R K M W.z2L ? @H\@ U!K LyQ…HLkPSL@Hˆ?QPZF1R @Z] @ZD;M R K L@!F5PSR F1A1@ZD@C)IL@ZR5K R5U!C)R IE K UZLP H @Z] K F @ZR L;IDC)W[L ? @5U!C)R IE K UZLcH O @ZL A1@!@ZR¯sP!b P ¹H PSR FƒuWWP6PSR F O @ZL A1@!@Z% R Kk¹H PSR FƒuDM ˜t)>+? @ SU!K LyH\@ PZEkH F PSLK RQb5IDC)Wg¦+§^‡ X DC)] K F @ @Z] K F @ZR U!@™C)IºH\C)W,@™F @ bD@!@™C)I @!U!C)R C)W,K U U!C C)X @ZD\PSLK C)RO @ZL A1@!@ZR,U!K LyQ…HLkPSL@H@Z] @ZRL ? C)MQb?‚L ? @!y5D@ZLkPZK R @!F L ? @!K D6X C E K LK U PZEuH\C)] @ZD@!KbR LyJkŠ%CQHLkb PSL@J}•” ” p2 –p)¡–)’\zPSR FxL ? @ PZF)W,K R KkHL D\PSLK ] @‰L@ZY LcHxIDC)W¬¦+§»‡‡‡j†¸ M DM X XQPS˜VHMQb b)@HL.PSR ZPSWX ? K UZLy C)R y  C)IH\C)W,@C)I;L ? @HLkPSL@Hsk¯sPSIC)R L}•” ” ”2c}Sm)p ’t

>+? @`y @ PSD…kRQPSW,@HiPSR FfK RH\UZDK X LK C)RHdC)IxO C)L ?fL ? @v˜ K RQb HjC)I ~˜ ˜QPZFiPSR FdC)I6L ? @NƒuD5‡‡‡6F y)RQP HLyjL@!E E“MH6L ?QPSL„U PSRQPZEkH‚PSR F C)L ? @ZDPSMQbW,@ZR LkPSLK C)RHC)IL ? @jK DDKb PSLK C)RvH\yQHL@ZWaH,U!C)R LK R M @!F LC,O @6O M K E L+PSR F,O C)L ? Ž M F @ P5PSR F? KkHX D@!F @!U!@H3H\C)D3zQƒuD…cqPSOQPz PSX XQPSD@ZR LE y WPZF @¾EPSD\b)@…H\U PZE @¾K WX DC)] @ZW,@ZR LcH LCªL ? @ K DDKb PSLK C)RwH\yQHL@ZWe#t )C)A1@Z] @ZD3zR C)R @vC)INL ? @H\@‰H\@!@ZW LC`O @ P H3H\C U!KPSL@!F1A1K L ?6WP\C)DˆUZ?QPSRQb)@„LC‚H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcH{z@!K L ? @ZD{t

>+? @dHXQPSLKPZEP H3H\C U!KPSLK C)RJO @ZL A1@!@ZRJL ? @xF @Z] @!E C)X W,@ZR LC)I5L ? @ K DDKb PSLK C)RgR @ZL A1C)D˜[PSR FVL ? @^F KkHL DK O M LK C)R[PSR FTbDC)AL ?TC)I H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcH+K R6L ? @ƒuDM ˜6? K R L@ZDEPSR F6KkH+F @ZX K UZL@!F6K R6—%KbM D@p2t >+? @‰F @ZRH\@vR @ZL A1C)D˜fC)IdHWPZE E,A6PSL@ZDU!C)M DH\@HxC)INL ? @Ÿ¯sPSL@ ƒuDM ˜JU!C)DD@!EPSL@H‚A1K L ?nPeD@!EPSLK ] @!E yiF @ZRH\@NXQPSL L@ZDRJC)I,HWPZE E H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcH{z“L ? C)MQb?vO yŸL ? KkHaX @ZDK C FvƒuDM ˜vK LcH\@!E IKkHaK RŸL ? @ X DC U!@H3HC)IO @!U!C)W,K RQbPuEPSD\b)@U!K Ly2t¦sPSDE K @ZD+X @ZDK C FQH?QPZF,H\@!@ZR PbD@ PSL@ZD+X DC)IMH\K C)RC)IHWPZE E2] K E EP!b)@HX @ZD?QPSXHU!C)M X E @!F6A1K L ? PX E @ZL ? C)D\PC)IuRQPSL M D\PZEsW,K R C)D6HL D@ PSWaHA? K UZ?|I@!FNL ? @aE C)A1@ZD D@ PZUZ? @HeC)IaL ? @d¦+M X ? D\PSL@H•t“qsyŸL ? @iEPSL@iƒuDM ˜`PSR F‰P HaL ? @ F @!E LkP1A1@ZLEPSR FQH“F)DK @!FzQL ? @H\@6A1@ZD@6O @ b)K R R K RQbLC,O @1D@ZX EPZU!@!F O y,H\yQHL@ZWPSLK U1PSR F,HWPZE E%H\U PZE @R @ZL A1C)D˜HC)IPSDLK IK U!KPZE2U PSRQPZEkH PSR FœX CQH3H\K O E y€U PSRQPZE KkH\@!F¥HL D@ PSWaH•' t &ŸK L ?€L ? @ŒbDC)AL ?´C)I H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR L²PSR FºP!bDK UZM E L M D@)z L ? @ RQPSL M D\PZE²H\yQHL@ZW C)I K R L@ZDEPZU!@!F PSR F«PSRQP HLC)W,CQH\K RQb R @ZL A1C)D˜H»C)I®UZ?QPSR R @!EkH UZ?QPSD\PZUZL@ZDKkHLK UwC)InL ? @wU!@ZR L D\PZExE C)A1@ZDJX EPZK RHnWPZF @^A6PSL@ZD WPSRQP!b)@ZW,@ZR LF K IIK UZM E Lt £ ] @ZD6LK W,@)zK DDKb PSLC)DH5D@ZX EPZU!@!FjL ? @ RQPSL M D\PZEJA1K L ?´PgW,C)D@[U PSRQPZE KkH\@!FœPSR F F @ZR F)DK LK U H\yQHL@ZWet hdP\C)D‚E @Z] @!@H‚A1@ZD@N˜ @ZX LPZE W,CQHLuK R F @ZIK R K L@!E yiK RiMH\@)zO C)L ? O @!U PSMH\@lL ? @lL D\PZF K LK C)RQPZEaLC)ARHJPSR FwU!K LK @HdA1@ZD@^H\K L MQPSL@!F PZE C)RQb L ? @ZW PSR FµO @!U PSMH\@»U PSRQPZEkH¥PZE C)RQb L ? @!K D€UZD@HLcH WPSY K W,KkH\@!F|U!C)WWPSR F|C)IuL ? @aEPSR FxPZE C)RQb.O C)L ?NOQPZUZ˜…H\E C)X @H IC)DJK DDKb PSLK C)Ržk~1F PSWaH^}•”Q‘}  p o ’t‚ŠDC bD@H3H\K ] @!E ywLC)A6PSDFQH L ? @B@ZR FVC)IdL ? @l¦sPSDE yf§1y)RQP HLK U)z5L ? @lK DDKb PSLK C)RwR @ZL A1C)D˜ O @!U!C)W,@H HXQPSDH\@ZD3z¾D@!­)M K DK RQb EPSD\b)@…H\U PZE @ C)D\b PSR KkH\@!F @ZRQb)K R @!@ZDK RQbPSR FEPSO C)M DK R X M LcHLC5O M K E FPSR F5WPZK R LkPZK RK L‹PSR F X DC F)M U!@HvP^U!C)DD@HX C)R F K RQb)E ygA1K F @ZDŸPSR FVW,C)D@wH\U PSL L@ZD@!F F KkHL DK O M LK C)RŒC)I‰EPSD\b)@ZD‰U!K LK @H•ta~1E L ? C)MQb? L ? @VR M WO @ZD‰C)I H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcHaI\PZE EkHaL ? DC)MQb? C)M L6L ? @dX @ZDK C Fz“L ? @JH\@ZL LE @!FvPSD@ P PSR F1L ? MHˆL ? @„X C)X M EPSLK C)R5K R UZD@ P H\@ t

—%KbM D@N–.D@!U!C)RHL DM UZLcHL ? @A6PSL@ZDU!C)M DH\@H1C)I6†QM W,@ZD1P HL ? @!y WPZyN?QPS] @,O @!@ZRNLC)A6PSDFQHuL ? @@ZR FNC)IL ? @,L ? K DFeW,K E E @ZR R K M Wet ‡©LuH? C)A5H1L ? @aWP\C)D1UZ?QPSR R @!EkH6C)IL ? @.qM D\PSR M Rik¦+M X ? D\PSL@H’ PSR F±L ? @´WP\C)DTU PSRQPZEkH HM UZ?®P HTL ? @´‡©L M DM RQb PZElA? K UZ? O D\PSR UZ? @!FeIDC)WœK Lt2~1E L ? C)MQb?xH\C)W,@,C)I„L ? @,U PSRQPZEkH1H? C)ARNK R L ? @jF KP!bD\PSW±WPZyJF @ZX K UZLuL ? @xUZ?QPSR R @!EkH,C)I‚DK ] @ZD,H l + XQPSDLC)I L ? @5‡©L M DM RQb PZEˆPSR F,L ? @6š1Kb)K R¹H @!F)MWPZy,IC E E C)AfL ? @HM X X CQH\@!F S@ P HL@ZDRw¦+M X ? D\PSL@H !z5A? K UZ?wWPZyfD\PSL ? @ZDxO @‰L ? @lPSR U!K @ZR L U!C)M DH\@nC)I.L ? @i>KbDKkH|†QL@!K R ˜ @!E E @ZD.p o o‹}  pQ– ¡ ¢;}S-’ l + L ? @ZD@JKkH R C,F C)M O LK RQb‚L ? @6F @ bD@!@6C)IEPSD\b)@…H\U PZE @6U PSRQPZE KkHPSLK C)R,@Z] K F @ZR L A? @ZRfL ? @vA6PSL@ZDU!C)M DH\@HdPSD@lH\@!@ZRfK R^L ? @‰U!C)R L@ZY LaC)I|L ? @ H\@ZL LE @ZW,@ZR LcHPSR F6F KkHLkPSR U!@HˆO @ZL A1@!@ZR6L ? @ZWet >+? @eH\U PZE @aC)IuL ? @K DDKb PSLK C)RjH\UZ? @ZW,@HF @ZL@ZDW,K R @!FeL ? @.H\U PZE @ C)I„L ? @P!bDK UZM E L M D\PZE@!U!C)R C)W,yNPSR F.L ? MHL ? @LC)X C bD\PSX ? yePSR F L ? @ H\U PZE @ C)I¾L ? @ M DOQPSR KkHPSLK C)R·X CQH3H\K O E @ C)R·L ? @ hj@H\C)X C)LkPSW,KPSR PZE E M ] KPZEœX EPZK RH•tT>sPSO E @ }µ@!U!E @!UZLK U PZE E y HMQb b)@HLcH{zi? C)A1@Z] @ZD3ziL ?QPSL`L ? @€bDC)AL ?C)IVU!K LK @HTPSR FP U!C)WX E @ZY|M DOQPSRdH\C U!K @ZLyNIC)DuL ? @W,CQHLXQPSDL“PSX X @ PSD@!F|K RNL ? @ ¯sPSL@ƒuDM ˜‚X @ZD?QPSXHX DK C)D+LC6L ? @uF @Z] @!E C)X W,@ZR LC)I+EPSD\b)@…H\U PZE @ K DDKb PSLK C)RH\yQHL@ZWaH•t

>+? @5EP HL–)m)o,y @ PSDH C)IsL ? @1L ? K DFW,K E E @ZR R K M W.zQ@ZY U!@ZX ‹L IC)DsL ? @ O DK @ZInK R L@ZDE M F @fC)IJL ? @ Ž M LKPSRTK R L@ZDD@ bR M W HPSA Q† M W,@ZD

9

$ / '%

$ !

# !-

, &

$ (! 

$!

"' & !%

. !& ,,

  -

)  -

 &!  (

"   !-,

+,



)*

    

' !(

 !' &

$  %

6 H?L @7 ; D? 88 ?> 8Z B

E

9 7K 8 A D E >< I < ? HK< NL > 9 A H > D9 E 9I H M7 @ 7 A ?D >< I L 8 CDD @6 8 7 U 7H 6 C< 7H I 8 B 8 DC E U < A A HL A >FE Y D< >K7 7? C

D9

8 >FKC E 7

@ AA < O7 9

ML ; L M K? H ?N M @< ? 7 ;H @@ N> X >< M7 A 7 S ;; ?

>FJ E 7=

A H
FE 8 A D9 @8 7> D ?> @8@ 7C< B 9A @ ?=

>? D9

D9

X 7> D

b7

D 8 A ? 8 A >DJ E 8 7C 9 < 8 HH D D9 8 C> 7 ?7HL H 87 X? 88 N ; A A H?= @ 7H< D< 7 D> @3@ N> T 9 < M7 8 A N ?D; H M7 8 A A 8 ?7 S J 8 CH H D >FE 6 7 @ N< H 7K A >DL R @ A 7 M< DH @ AA < ; ? 9 < 8 A ?7 8 a @8 > H< 8 7NK @ 7HC D9 I J R 7 N G H 9 >FE D9 @ A 7 @; ?? I