Haynes Horse Manual: The Complete Step-By-Step Guide to Owning a Horse or Pony 0857334891, 9780857334893

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The complete step-by-step guide to owning a horse or pony

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LINCS LIBRARIES

aynes

iesorse Manual

NORTH EAST

LINCOLNSHIRE COUNCI | 01035780 18/09/2013 Bertrams 636.1083

AES IS,

© Carolyn Henderson 2010 Carolyn Henderson has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from Haynes Publishing.

Credits Author:

Carolyn Henderson

Project Manager:

Louise Mcintyre

Copy editor:

lan Heath

Page design:

James Robertson

Index:

Peter Nicholson

Photography:

all photography copyright John Henderson except:

First published in March 2010 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 84425 692 1

Przewalski’s Horse (p12)

Forestry Commission of Wales; Morgan Horse (p19) Chris Cook, Pleasure Prints; Saddlebred (p20) Lynne Jarvis.

Published by Haynes Publishing, Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset BA22 7JJ, UK Tel: 01963 442030 Fax: 01963 440001 Int. tel: +44 1963 442030 Int. fax: +44 1963 440001

E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.haynes.co.uk

Acknowledgements The author and photographer would like to thank the following owners and producers for help with photography: Clare, Lady Euston, owner of the Suffolk Punches Euston Malachite, Jubilee Pearl and Euston Emerald; Anne James and Tim Northcott, owner and

Haynes North America Inc. 861 Lawrence Drive, Newbury Park,

producer respectively of Morgan stallion Landside

California 91320, USA

Music Lord; Maria Lucas, owner of the Fjord, Savanna

Printed and bound in the UK

While every effort is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information given in this book, no liability can be accepted by the author or publishers for any loss, damage or injury caused by errors in, or omissions from the information given.

Gretchin; Mandy Morgan, owner of the Haflingers Oxnead Archie, Oxnead Marisa and Schieferstein Amberleon; Jo Taylor and Hazel Taylor, owner of partbred Appalosas Centyfield Humdinger and Centyfield Hero. Special thanks to show producers Lynn Russell and Kate Jerram and to Georgia and Lauren Maynard and Robbie the pony.

Vianual The complete guide to

owning a horse or pony

Carolyn Henderson

Y

» a

dliniandaenne

CONTENTS. Introduction

1

Whatisa

horse?

Talking horse How it all began How breeds developed Major horse breeds

Major pony breeds

2

Inside the

horse’s mind

Breeding — what breeding?

Make and shape

Senses and sensibilities

Bit by bit

Body language

On the move

Colours and markings

How horses learn Environment matters

3

Caring fora

Where do | keep him?

Shelters and stables Bedding and muckng out Feeding

Grooming and bathing Clipping

Trimming and hogging Perfect plaits

horse

I

4

Health and first aid

5 Tackandequipment

IVON 4SdO!

Insurance

In the hot seat

Signs of a healthy horse

Bridles

Essentials in a first aid kit

Training aids

137

Routine preventive care

Boots and bandages

139

It's an emergency!

Rugs

143

Common conditions and new threats

Staying in sight

145

Complementary therapies

|

|

up

Fit for the job Is your horse happy? The hardest decision

|6

Buyinga horse

Preparing to buy How to buy A new partnership

7

Appendices

Glossary Useful contacts

Bibliography

146

— ie ee

People and horses have a unique relationship. Over thousands of years,

we've used them to work the land, as

a means of transport, in warfare and in sport. Today, most horses are kept and ridden for competition and — just as importantly — for pleasure, but there are still some parts of the world where families depend on their horses for survival. Horses demand admiration, respect and affection from those who know them and those who admire them from afar. Many people, adults as well as children, find that learning to ride and look after a horse is rewarding and fun, and some achieve their ultimate ambition by becoming horse or pony owners. This book is called The Horse Manual not because it’s a users’ or owners’ you might find for, say, a washing machine but rather because it helps you understand how of horses: what they are, why they're

NOLL

manual such as or a car — it isn’t — the what, why and so special, and how

to understand and care for them. Perhaps you're reading it because you or someone else in your family is learning to ride, or you're thinking of buying a horse or helping to look after one. Alternatively, you might simply want to find out why horses are so fascinating! Horses have wonderfully generous temperaments and 6,000 years of domestication have made them willing companions. They still have minds of their own, though, which is what makes building relationships with them so rewarding. The more you learn about horses, the more you realise that you never stop learning. But by the time you get to the end of this book you'll have a basis of knowledge on which to build. Just remember — even though owning a horse isn’t always possible, everyone can enjoy and appreciate them. You'll find that where an individual horse is referred to, it’s as ‘he’ rather than ‘she’ unless the content dictates otherwise. This isn’t being sexist, but is simply to avoid convoluted sentences; likewise, the word ‘horse’ has frequently been employed as a convenient shorthand term for both horses and ponies in order to avoid constant repetition!

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Bibliography Budiansky, Stephen. The Nature of Horses (Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1997). Devereux, Sue (edited by Karen Coumbe). The Veterinary Care of the Horse (J.A. Allen, 2006). Diggle, Martin. The Novice Rider’s Companion (Kenilworth Press, 2009).

MANUAL HORSE

Henderson, Carolyn. Getting Horses Fit (J.A. Allen, 2006). — Horse Tack Bible (David and Charles, 2008). — Bring Out the Best In Your Horse (J.A. Allen, 2009).

Henderson, John. Glovebox Guide to Transporting Horses J.A. Allen, 2004). MacLeod, Clare. The Truth About Feeding Your Horse (J.A. Allen, 2007).

XJICN Ageing a horse 31-32, 152-153, 156

Aggressive behaviour 44, 47-48 baring teeth 48 laying ears back 48 American Association of Riding Schools 54 American Civil War 1861-5 20 Anthropomorphising a horse 51 Association of British Riding Schools 54

Bedding 59-62, 98, 104, 161 materials 60-62 mucking out 60-62, 104 removing droppings 55-56, 60, 62, 96 Behavioural problems 63, 155 stereotypic 116, 155, 157 Breed regulations 24-25, 28, 81 Breeding documentation 32, 156 Breeds 14, 16-28

Akhal-Teke 14 Appaloosa 16-17, 20, 28, 31, 40

Arabian 10-11, 14, 16, 27-28, 32, 34, 84, 86,111 Boulonnais 18 Brabant 18 Camargue 37 Chincoteague pony 21 Clydesdale 18 Connemara pony 24, 29, 154

Dales pony 25, 27 Dartmoor pony 25, 27 Exmoor pony 26-27, 41 Fell pony 25, 27 Fjord 13, 24, 26, 151 Haflinger 24, 27 Hanoverian 21 Highland pony 26-27

Icelandic 10 lrish Draught 18 Konig pony 12 KWPN 21 Lipizzaner 37 Lusitano 19 Morgan 19 Mustang 21 New Forest pony 27, 29 Paso Fino 36 Percheron 18 Pony of the Americas 28

Przewalski’s Horse 12, 21 37 Purebred Spanish 19 Quarter Horse 20 Saddlebred 20 Selle Francais

Shetland pony 10, 12, 28 Shire 12, 18 Suffolk Punch 18 Thoroughbred (TB) 11, 14, 16, 18,

20-21, 24, 27-28, 41), 74, 103; 111,125, 128, 154 Welsh Cob (Section D) 28, 30

Welsh Mountain pony (Section A) 28 Welsh pony (Section B) 27-28

Welsh pony of Cob type (Section C) 28

British Horse Society 54 Buying a horse 150-159, 161 at auction 156 first horse/pony 25, 152-154 for a child 25, 27, 150-151

from a dealer 156 from a private seller 156 leasing 150 loaning 150, 155 pre-purchase examination 33, 156-157, 159 sharing 150 through an agent 156 Byerley Turk 14 Character and attitude 157-158 Clipping 74-80, 107, 143-144 chalk lines 77, 79 clippers 76-79, 81, 104 letters and patterns in coat 76 Coat colours and patterns16-17, 25-28,

spotted 16-17, 40

white 37, 104 whorls 41, 79 Communication 47 body language 47-48 snorting 47 vocal sounds 47 Complementary therapies 108-109 magnetic therapy 110 massage 108-110

stretching 108-109 thermography 110 Condition scoring 63 Conformation 10, 13, 23, 28-30, 33, 35, 0, \24, W52, VSt back 33 foot 34 limb 34, 98 mouth 128 Countries of origin Assateague Island 21 Austria 27 Belgium 21 Denmark 21 England 18, 27 France 16, 21 Iran 14 lreland 18, 24 Kazakhstan 12

Mongolia 12 Netherlands 21 North America 16, 19-21 Norway 13 Poland 12

Portugal 19 Scandinavia 26 Scotland 26 South America 36

37-41, 79

Spain 16, 19-20

bay 37, 39-40 black 37 brown 37

United Kingdom 13, 24, 26 Wales 28

buckskin/dun 26, 37, 40 chestnut 18, 27, 37-38, 40 fleabitten 38 grey 27, 37-38, 72 palomino 27, 39-40 piebald 37, 39 roan 39 skewbald 37, 39-40

Darley Arabian 14 Dental care 32, 64, 90,97, 117, 127, 13756

rasping (floating) 97 Donkeys 44 Equine charities 155 Equine nutritionists 67

Equine Research Foundation 50 Exercise 103-104, 107

Facial markings 26, 41 blaze 41 snip 41 star 41 Stripe 26, 41

Farriers 34, 70, 90, 98-99 Feeding 63-67 additives (supplements) 65 chaff/chop 65-67

MANUAL HORSE

coarse mix (sweet feed) 65, 67 concentrates 65-66

diet 63, 67, 97, 103; changing 67 forage 63-67, 104, 154, 161 grass 64, 67 hard feed 65, 67, 161

hay 46, 56, 63-64, 67, 101, 105 haylage 63-64, 67, 101, 105, 161

haynet 64 high-energy 154 nutrition 63 pellets/cubes 65, 67 salt 66 sugar beet 65 treats 66 vitamins and minerals 66-67 Fencing 56-57

hedging 57 First aid 90, 92 Fitness programme 111-113 Flies and biting insects 56, 58, 68, 70, 106, 117, 143-144

Foals 17, 33, 41, 46-47, 140 Gaits 20, 36 canter 20, 36, 154

gallop 36 trot 20, 36

walk 20, 36 Gender 11 colt 11, 19 filly 11 gelding 11, 13, 33, 44, 72 mare 11, 33, 44, 46-47, 72, 110 Stallion 11, 14, 33, 44, 46, 72 General Lee's Traveller 20 Godolphin Arabian 14 Grazing 46, 51, 55-56, 63, 67, 96-97, 103-104, 106, 115 Grooming 68-73, 79-80, 94, 105, 109

bathing 72-73 brush over 70-71 cosmetic products 72

checking shoes 70 face 68, 70-72 hot cloth wash 73 kit and tools 68-69, 105 quartering 73 picking out feet 70-71, 98, 152 shampoo 72-73 Handling 49, 51, 79, 150 eye contact 49 leading 49 mounting 49, 124 posture 49

tacking up 49 Hanggi, Dr Evelyn 50 Health 48, 51, 55, 63, 90-117 African horse sickness (AHS) 101 allergies 72, 106, 157 appetite 93 arthritis 90, 117, 152 assessing 91 bleeding 100, 107 blood tests 101

Height 10, 18, 19-22, 24-28, 30, 33, 151

measuring in hands 10 Horse walkers 111 Holidays on horseback 161 Horse whisperers/ therapists 44, 90 Hyracatherium (Eohippus) 12 Identification marks 41 blemishes and scars 41 brands 41 freeze marks 41 tattoos 41; lip 41 Injuries 41, 51, 55, 90, 100-103,

106-107, 117 cuts and nicks 68, 107 fractured limb 100-101 girth gall (rub) 80 in shock 100 tendon 102-103, 107, 154 Instincts 44, 51 Insurance 91, 150

Intelligence 50

choking 100 colic 63, 95, 100-101, 116

coughing 104-105 diarrhoea 100 diseases 94-95, 100, 106 equine rhabdomyolysis syndrome (ERS) 101 foot infection (thrush) 60, 98, 103 grass sickness 101 haematomas 110 lameness 100-104, 154 laminitis 100, 103-104 mud fever 104 muscle wastage 33 parasites 95-96, 105 rain scald 104 respiratory problems 104-105 ringworm 68, 105

soundness problems 154 stiffness in back and limbs 90 stomach ulcers 63, 154 strangles 105-106 sweating 101, 143 sweet Itch 106, 143 swelling in a limb 68, 102-103 temperature, pulse and respiration rate 90, 92-94, 103, 105 vaccinations 94-95, 106, 117 viruses 92, 106 West Nile virus (WNV) 106 worms and worming 57, 67, 90,

94-96, 117

Keeping a horse 55-62 assisted livery (board) 55, 150

at home 55 DIY livery 55, 150

full livery 55 grass livery 55 livery (boarding) yards 46, 55, 96 Leg markings 41 black ermine spots 41 white socks 41 white stockings 41 Life span 19 Lungeing 50, 102, 111-112, 138-139,

161 Mental well-being 115 Mounting blocks 124 Movement 28-29, 35-36, 157

brushing, dishing, forging, overreach 36 Nez Perce horsemen 16 Novice riders 159

Official identity document 32, 41 Pair bonds 44 Pedigree 44

Playing 47 Points of the horse 10-11 back 33, 104, 109-110

belly 72, 79

body 33, 104-105 chest 33 croup (rump) 30, 33 ears 45, 48, 80, 125 ergots 12 eyes 17, 31, 45, 68, 70-71, 80, 100, 117 eyelashes 81 sclera 17, 31

toad eyes 26 wall eyes 31 face 68, 70-72, 104-105 forelock 26, 82, 84-85 feet 33-34, 98-99, 102-103, 107, 117 coronet 41

tail 38, 68, 70-71, 73, 81, 83, 87, 142, 144 dock 70, 83, 87, 144 ice tail 26 withers 10, 32-33, 47, 51, 77, 122, 124, 136, 144 Poisonous plants 46, 56-57 ragwort 56-57 Pony Club 54, 161 Pregnant mares 110 Protective clothing 72, 77, 145

high-visibility 145 riding boots 123, 145 Putting down (euthanasia) 117

disposal of the body 117

frog 70 heels 25 hooves 17, 41, 70, 98-99 toes 36

girth 30, 33, 105 head 26, 31-32, 41, 80 hindquarters 33, 77-78, 104, 110 limbs 33-36, 41, 68, 102-103 cannon bones 11, 34 fetlocks 11-12, 34, 70, 80, 139-140

Quarantine 94, 105, 161

competing 150, 154, 161

cross-country 153 dressage 19, 21, 45, 111, 113, 121,

132, 135-136,.151, 153-154 endurance 14, 23, 35, 76

English-style 136

knees 34, 139, 154 legs 29, 79-80, 96, 100, 102, 104, 107, 139-141, 154: front 34, 103; hind 34, 103 feathers 18, 25, 34 forearms 11 tendons 34, 140-141, 154 mane 22, 26, 38-39, 68, 70-71, 73, 79-87 mouth 31, 67, 127-129, 135-136 Galvayne’s groove 32 jaws 97, 132; overshot 31; undershot 31

eventing 18, 21, 24, 135

AS

muzzle 17, 39, 47, 81, 125 parrot mouth 31 teeth 31-32, 47, 64, 67, 97, 127; wolf 32, 97 tongue 31, 128-129 whiskers 81 meck 22, 32, 51,71; 73,79, 82, 109-110, 136 ewe-necked 32 Nose 107, 134 nostrils 17, 70-71 vomeronasal iacobson’s organ) 46 pelvis 33 shoulders 29-30, 33, 110 angle 29, 33 scapula 124

tree 122, 136 Western 136

Safety precautions 49, 54 rabbit holes 56-57 Security 41 Sedatives 80, 104 Senses 45-47

hearing 46-47 sight 45, 47 smell 46 Flenhmen response 46 taste 46 touch 47

scratching 47, 51 stroking 47, 51 Sewing machine trot (high knee action)

34, 154

Rider fitness 114 Riding 18, 150, 161

hocks 11, 139; cow hocks 34

OSM

synthetic 120-123, 147

hacking (trail riding) 22, 111, 113, 113, 124, 135 414A 5S hand signals 145 harness racing 36 hunting 18, 22-23

in woods 145 jumping/showjumping 18, 21-22, 113, 121; 123; 135-136, 1389) 153-154, 158 on the road/in traffic 145, 152, 154,

157, 159 schooling 30, 115, 121, 135 showing 81, 84, 153 trail riding 35, 136, 158, 161 Western-style 20, 136 Riding in balance 127, 135, 158

Riding lessons 150 Riding schools and pony clubs 54, 150, 153; 161

Shelters 56, 58, 117, 143

cross shelters 58 Shoes 98-99 clenches 98 feet trimming 98-99, 117 loose 99 nailing on 99 removing 99 Spanish Riding School 37 Speed 20 Spooked horses 49-50 Stables 47, 55-56, 58-59

anti-weaving grilles dividing grilles 59 drainage 59 loose boxes 58-59

116

mirrors 59, 116 ventilation 59 Stabling 67, 115, 161 at night 51 becoming ‘cast’ 62, 100 specialist 155 Stud fees 44

Tack and equipment (see also Saddles) 120-150 anti-cribbing collars 116 bits 31-32, 97, 109, 127-132,

134-138, 146, 157 Saddles 32-33, 77, 120-124, 147, 154 bad fitting 48, 122, 136

cheekpieces 125, 129, 131

cantle 124 fitting and adjusting 124, 137 general purpose (GP) 121

cleaning 146-147 combination 135 curb chain 132, 136 gag and lever snaffles 128, 131, 137

leather 120-121, 123, 147 numnah (saddlecloth) 77, 123-124, 146 specialist 121

kimblewick 132, 134 mouthpiece 31, 127, 129, 134 pelham 128, 132, 134 snaffle 128-131, 134, 137

XJICN

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