Hadrianopolis III: Ceramic Finds from Southwestern Paphlagonia [Illustrated] 140731436X, 9781407314365, 9781407344089

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations
Abstracts and Key Words in English, French, German, Italian and Turkish
Notes and Acknowledgements
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter I. Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008
Chapter II. Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age
Chapter III. Hellenistic Ceramics
Chapter IV. Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares
Chapter V. Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Terracotta Unguentaria and Lamps
Chapter VI. Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Coarse Wares
Chapter VII. Ceramics of the Middle Byzantine Period
Chapter VIII. Conclusions
References

Citation preview

________ Prof. Dr Ergün Laflı is a classical archaeologist at the Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir, who chairs the Division for Medieval Archaeology and is the director of the Center of the Archaeology of Western Anatolia (EKVAM). He was born in 1975 in Mersin, Turkey. He attended Sainte-Pulchérie French School and Tarsus American College, both in Turkey. He holds a B.A. degree from the University of Ankara (1996), an M.A. from the University of Tübingen (1999) and a Ph.D. from the University of Cologne (2003), all in classical archaeology. Since 2006 he has edited or co-authored seven books on Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine terracottas, ceramics, metal figurines, glass finds and inscriptions from Asia Minor. Between 2005 and 2009 he directed an archaeological field project in Hadrianopolis, the Roman and Early Byzantine site that is the main focus of this book. He has organized numerous archaeological congresses in Izmir and published various material groups from Classical Anatolia. The present monograph is the fourth BAR volume by Prof. Laflı.

BAR  S2786  2016   LAFLI & KAN ŞAHİN   HADRIANOPOLIS III

Pottery finds collected from Hadrianopolis in southwestern Paphlagonia (north-central Turkey), i.e. the region around Eskipazar in the Turkish province of Karabük, are presented in detail in this volume. Between 2005 and 2008 an archaeological team from the Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir carried out archaeological field surveys, excavations and restorations in Hadrianopolis and its close surroundings. During these four field campaigns, 1550 sherds ranging between the Pre-Iron Age (2nd millennium BC) and the Middle Byzantine period (late 11th-early 12th century AD) were collected, most of which consist of Late Roman-Early Byzantine (late 5th-mid 8th century AD) coarse ware. Thirty main pottery groups were derived, based on their chronology, function and fabric. A detailed description is given of each find deposit, the typologies and fabrics of wares, and a comprehensive catalogue is included with drawings and photos of each sherd. This book is the first extensive pottery report of the Turkish Black Sea area offering a continual picture of all the wares and chronologies available.

Dr Gülseren Kan Şahin is an assistant professor of classical archaeology at the University of Sinop in Turkey. She was born in 1979 in Çanakkale. She holds a B.A. degree from the University of Trakya in Edirne (2001), an M.A. from Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (2005) and a Ph.D. from the Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir (2015), all in classical archaeology. Since 2010 she has published extensively on Roman and Byzantine pottery of Anatolia. Between 1999 and 2007 she was a team member of the archaeological excavations at the Muradiye Mosque in Edirne, as well as in Assos. In 2013 she became the assistant director of the excavations at Castabala (Hierapolis ad Pyramum) in Cilicia. The year before she organized a minor workshop on the pottery finds of the Black Sea in Izmir. The present volume is the first book authored by Dr. Kan Şahin.

B A R

Hadrianopolis III Ceramic Finds from Southwestern Paphlagonia

Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin

BAR International Series 2786 2016

Hadrianopolis III Ceramic Finds from Southwestern Paphlagonia

Ergün Laflı Gülseren Kan Şahin

BAR International Series 2786 2016

First Published in 2016 by British Archaeological Reports Ltd United Kingdom BAR International Series 2786 Hadrianopolis III

© E. Laflı and G. Kan Şahin 2016 The Authors’ moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, are hereby expressly asserted All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher.

ISBN 9781407314365 paperback ISBN 9781407344089 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407314365 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Cover Image: Three base fragments of a Late Roman plate from the Bath A, nos. 630a-c (G. Kan Şahin, 2015)

All BAR titles are available from: British Archaeological Reports Ltd Oxford United Kingdom Phone +44 (0)1865 310431 Fax +44 (0)1865 316916 Email: [email protected] www.barpublishing.com

To our children, Kıvanç, Gönül, Gökçe and Demir, who were born during the preparation of this book …

Contents List of Abbreviations

vii

Abstracts and Key Words in English, French, German, Italian and Turkish

ix

Notes and Acknowledgements

xi

Foreword xiii Introduction 1 I

Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008 5 Southwestern Paphlagonia and Hadrianopolis 5 Archaeological field research in southwestern Paphlagonia 6 Chronology of southwestern Paphlagonia 8 Find spots and their characteristics – Hadrianopolis 11 Bath A 12 The domus 12 Other excavated or surveyed areas in Hadrianopolis 13 The chora of Hadrianopolis 14 Kimistene 14 Kepez 16 Örenarkası 16 Boncuklar 16 Main pottery groups in southwestern Paphlagonia 16

II

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age 1- Pre-Iron Age pottery 2- Iron Age Grey Ware 3- Iron Age Painted Ware 4- Iron Age Coarse Ware

19 19 27 34 41

III Hellenistic Ceramics 47 1- A Pontic Skyphos Fragment 47 2- Hellenistic Painted Ware 47 3- Hellenistic Relief Ware 58 4- Hellenistic Burnished Ware 62 5- Red-Painted Kepez Group 75 6- Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Grey Ware 103 7- Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Brown-Slipped Ware 114 8- Hellenistic Coarse Ware 131 IV

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares 143 Early Roman Imported Fine Wares 143 Local Sigillata and Red-Slipped Ware 143 Fabric of the Local Sigillata at Hadrianopolis 143 Forms 144 Decoration 144 Chronology 144 1- Terra Sigillata 145 2- Red-Slipped Ware 186

V

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Terracotta Unguentaria and Lamps Archaeometric Analysis of Three Late Roman-Early Byzantine Unguentaria Fragments 1- Fragments of Unguentaria 2- Lamp Fragments

v

205 206 208 209

Hadrianopolis III VI

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Coarse Wares Typology, Fabric and Decoration 1- Coarse Tableware 2- Kitchen Ware 3- Storage Ware 4- Transport Ware 5- Miscellaneous Coarse Vessel Fragments 6- Architectural Ceramics

VII Ceramics of the Middle Byzantine Period General Characteristics of Middle Byzantine Pottery Finds 1- Tableware 2- Kitchen Ware 3- Storage Ware 4- Transport Ware 5- Miscellaneous Coarse Vessel Fragments 6- Architectural Ceramics 7- Pottery Finds after the 12th Cent. AD.

223 223 224 245 275 294 301 336 345 345 347 365 375 390 396 422 429

VIII Conclusions 431 1- Middle and Late Iron Age 431 2- Hellenistic Period 431 3- Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Period 432 4- Roman Period 433 5- Late Roman-Early Byzantine Period 434 6- Middle Byzantine Period 436 References 439

vi

List of Abbreviations

AD.: Anno Domini.

LRC: Late Roman C.

BC.: Before Christ.

Lt.: Liter.

BIAA.: The British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.

Km: Kilometer.

C.: Circa.

M.A.: Master of Arts.

Cent.: Century.

Max.: Maximum.

Cf.: Confer.

M: Meter.

Cm.: Centimeter.

Mid: Middle.

D.: Diameter.

Mill.: Millenium.

DEU.: Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir.

Mm.: Millimeter.

Diss.: Dissertation.

N.: Note.

Draw.: Drawing.

No.: Number.

Ead.: Eadem.

Nos.: Numbers.

Ed.: Editor.

P.: Page.

Eds.: Editors.

Pp.: Pages.

E.g.: Exempli gratia.

Pl.: Plate.

ESA.: Eastern Sigillata A.

Pls.: Plates.

ESB.: Eastern Sigillata B.

St.: Saint.

ESC.: Eastern Sigillata C.

Tab.: Table.

Et al.: Et alii.

Th.: Thickness.

Etc.: Et cetera.

Unpubl.: Unpublished.

Fig.: Figure.

U.S.: United States.

Figs.: Figures.

Vol.: Volume.

H.: Height.

W.: Width.

Id.: Idem. I.e.: Id est. L.: Length.

vii

Abstracts and Key Words in English, French, German, Italian and Turkish

Summary

Zusammenfassung: Hadrianopolis III: Keramikfunde aus den südwestlichen Paphlagonien

In this book pottery finds from Hadrianopolis and its chora in southwestern Paphlagonia are presented in detail, which were collected between the years 2005 and 2008. Paphlagonia was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, bordered by Bithynia to the west, Pontus to the east and Galatia to the south. Today, Hadrianopolis and its chora lie in the region around Eskipazar in the Turkish province of Karabük. Between 2005 and 2008 an archaeological team from the Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir carried out archaeological field surveys, excavations and restorations in Hadrianopolis and its close surroundings. During these four field campaigns, 1550 sherds ranging between the Pre-Iron Age (2nd mill. BC.) and the Middle Byzantine period (late 11th/early 12th cent. AD.) were collected, most of which consisted of Late Roman-Early Byzantine (late 5th-mid 8th cent. AD.) coarse ware. In this study 30 main pottery groups were classified, based on their chronology, function and fabric. The book contains a detailed description of each find deposit, including the typologies and fabrics of wares and a comprehensive catalogue with drawings, as well as photos, of each sherd. It is, thus, the first extensive pottery report of the Turkish Black Sea area, offering a complete picture of all the wares available, including their chronologies.

In dieser Untersuchung werden die Keramikfunde aus Hadrianopolis im südwestlichen Paphlagonien (nördliche Türkei) aufgearbeitet, die in den Jahren von 2005 bis 2008 gesammelt wurden. Die antike Landschaft Paphlagonien an der Schwarzmeerküste Kleinasiens wurde im Westen von Bithynien, im Osten von Pontus und im Süden von Galatien begrenzt. Das Hauptaugenmerk dieses Buchs liegt auf den Funden aus Hadrianopolis und seiner Chora im südwestlichen Paphlagonien, d. h. der Region von Eskipazar in der heutigen Provinz Karabük. In den Jahren von 2005 und 2008 führte ein Archäologenteam der DokuzEylül-Universität in Izmir Feldbegehungen, Ausgrabungen und Restaurierungsarbeiten in Hadrianopolis und seiner näheren Umgebung durch. In den vier Feldkampagnen wurden 1550 Keramikfragmente aufgesammelt, die in die Zeit zwischen der Voreisenzeit (2. Jahrtausend v. Chr.) und der Mittelbyzantinischen Epoche (spätes 11./ frühes 12. Jh. n. Chr.) datieren, zum Großteil spätantikefrühbyzantinische Gebrauchskeramik. In dieser Studie konnten ausgehend von der Datierung, Funktion, Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, Farbe und Toneinschlüssen 30 Hauptgruppen erstellt werden. Dieses Buch beinhaltet eine detaillierte Beschreibung der Fundorte, der Typologien, der Fabrikate, sowie einen umfassenden Katalog mit Umzeichnung und Foto jedes Fragments. Das Resultat ist der erste ausführliche Bericht über Keramik im türkischen Schwarzmeergebiet, der ein zeitlich kontinuierliches Bild aller vorhandenen Waren bietet.

Key Words: Paphlagonia, Hadrianopolis, Kimistene, Black Sea, Asia Minor, Turkey, Late Roman-Early Byzantine pottery, Middle Byzantine pottery, Roman pottery, Hellenistic pottery, Iron Age pottery. Résume : Hadrianopolis III : Céramiques de Paphlagonie sud-ouest

Schlagwörter: Paphlagonien, Hadrianopolis, Kimistene, Schwarzmeer, Kleinasien, Türkei, spätrömischfrühbyzantische Keramik, römische Keramik, mittelbyzantinische Keramik, hellenistische Keramik, eisenzeitliche Keramik.

Cet monographie propose une vue d’ensemble d’un lot de 273 tessons de céramiques fines romaines, mis au jour dans une dizaine de sondages sur le site d’Hadrianopolis de Paphlagonie lors des campagnes 2005 à 2008. On y aborde les questions de typologie, de pâtes et de chronologie des familles de vases identifiées. Terra sigillata et céramiques à engobe rouge, de production locale, sont les catégories les plus abondamment représentées.

Riassunto : Hadrianopolis III : Rinvenimenti ceramici dalla Paflagonia sudoccidentale Si presentano in questo volume i rinvenimenti da Adrianopoli (Paflagonia sudoccidentale, oggi nella Turchia centro-settentrionale) che sono emersi tra gli anni 2005 e 2008. La Paflagonia era un’antica regione della costa del Mar Nero nell’Anatolia centrosettentrionale, delimitata dalla Bitina a occidente, dal Ponto a est e dalla Galatia a sud; punto principale di questo volume sono i rinvenimenti di Adrianopoli e della sua chora nella Paflagonia sudoccidentale, ovvero la regione di Eskipazar nella provincia turca di Karabük. Tra 2005 e 2008 una

Mot-clefs: Hadrianopolis, Paphlagonie, Turquie nordméridionale, terra sigillata, céramiques engobées, protoromaine, Mer Noire, production locale, céramique commune, protobyzantine.

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Hadrianopolis III équipe archeologica dell’Università Dokuz Eylül di Izmir eseguì indagini di superficie, campagne di scavo e restauri ad Adrianopoli e negli immediati dintorni. Durante queste quattro campagne si raccolsero 1550 frammenti appartenenti a un vasto periodo compreso tra la protostoria, prima dell’età del ferro (II millennio a. C.) e quello mediobizantino (tardo XI- iniziale XII secolo d. C.); la maggior parte è formata da ceramica di uso comune tardoromana o protobizantina. In questo studio si distinguono 30 gruppi principali, in base alla cronologia, funzione, trattamento della superficie, colore e inclusi nell’impasto. L’opera comprende una dettagliata descrizione di ogni contesto di rinvenimento, delle tipologie e dei relativi impasti e un catalogo generale, fornito di disegni e di foto di ogni frammento. Ciò lo rende la prima analisi in esteso della ceramica nell’area turca del Mar Nero e offre una completa immagine di tutti i tipi ceramici e della loro cronologia, secondo quanto oggi accettato.

arasında yer alan antik bir bölgedir ve bu kitabın odak noktasını bu bölgedeki Hadrianopolis kenti ile yayılım alanında, farklı bir ifade ile Karabük İli, Eskipazar İlçesi’ndeki Viranşehir ve yakın çevresinde ele geçmiş olan arkeolojik pişmiş toprak buluntular oluşturur. 2005 ve 2008 yılları arasında İzmir Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi’nden arkeolojik bir ekip Hadrianopolis ve yakın çevresinde arkeolojik yüzey araştırmaları, kazılar ve restorasyon çalışmaları gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu dört sezonluk arazi çalışmasında Demir Çağı öncesi dönem (en erken İ.Ö. II. bin yıl) ile Orta Bizans Dönemi (en geç İ.S. 11. yy. sonu/ İ.S. 12. yy. başı) arasına ait olan 1550 adet seramik parçası ele geçmiş olup, bu pişmiş toprak buluntular arasında en yoğun grubu Geç Roma-Erken Bizans Dönemi (İ.S. geç 5. yy.’dan İ.S. 8. yy.’ın ortasına kadarki süreç) kaba seramiği oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kronolojisine, işlevine, yüzey işlemlerine, renk ve katkı maddelerine dayanarak 30 adet ana seramik grubu oluşturulmuştur. Bu kitap, seramik gruplarının her birinin buluntu alanını, tipolojilerini ve hamurlarının ayrıntılarını, kapsamlı bir kataloğunu ve her parçanın fotoğrafının yanı sıra, çizimlerini içerir. Geçerli bir kronoloji veren ve tüm seramik gruplarını sürekli ve bütüncül bir düzen içinde sunan bu kitap, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin ilk geniş kapsamlı arkeolojik seramik raporudur.

Parole chiave: Paflagonia, Adrianopoli, Kimistene, Mar Nero, Asia Minore, Turchia, ceramica dell’età del ferro, ceramica ellenistica, ceramica romana, ceramica tardoromana-protobizantina, ceramica mediobizantina. Özet: Hadrianopolis III: Güneybatı Paphlagonia’dan Seramik Buluntular

Anahtar Kelimeler: Paphlagonia, Hadrianopolis, Kimistene, Karadeniz, Anadolu, Geç Roma-Erken Bizans Dönemi seramik buluntuları, Orta Bizans Dönemi seramik buluntuları, Roma Dönemi seramik buluntuları, Hellenistik Dönem seramik buluntuları, Demir Çağı seramik buluntuları.

Bu kitapta Güneybatı Paphlagonia Bölgesi’nde (Orta Anadolu’nun kuzeybatısı) bulunan Hadrianopolis Örenyeri’nde 2005 ile 2008 yılları arasında ele geçen seramik buluntular tanıtılmaktadır. Batısında Bithynia, doğusunda Pontus ve güneyinde Galatia ile sınırlanan Paphlagonia, Orta Anadolu ile Batı Karadeniz kıyıları

x

Notes and Acknowledgements All the drawings were done by G. Kan Şahin who also produced all the photographic plates from the photos, taken by E. Laflı in southwestern Pahlagonia in 2005-2008. The photos of the objects at the museums were also taken by E. Laflı. In the catalogue section, numbers in brackets indicate find numbers from the field project. The frequency of the inclusions has been estimated according to the following principle: rare (1%), few/occasional (3%), some (5%), and frequent (20%). The size of the inclusions has been estimated as follows: small (0.10.2 mm), medium (0.20.5 mm), large (0.51.0 mm) and very large (>1 mm). Hardness was determined by a simple test: whether or not the fabric could be scratched by a fingernail or a metal point. The results are recorded as follows: soft (easily scratched by fingernail), medium hard (scratched by fingernail), and hard (scratched by metal point). For the colours, The Munsell Soil Color Charts (2009) have been used with the Munsell refs. mentioned in the parentheses. The last two pages of Munsell 2009 describe the colour tones of “Gley”. We would like to show our gratitude to the following colleagues for their help with various aspects of this book, in alphabetical order: Dr William Anderson (Melbourne), Dr Pamela Armstrong (Oxford), Dr Maurizio Buora (Udine), Dr Eva Christof (Graz), Mr Mark Fox (Newaygo, MI), Mr Matthew Hands (Oxford), Dr John W. Hayes (Oxford), Dr Gürgül Hatipoğlu-Fles (Izmir), Prof. Dominique Kassab-Tezgör (Ankara), Dr John Lund (Copenhagen), Prof. Roger J. Matthews (Reading), Prof. Arthur Muller (Lille) and Mr Chris Myers (Oxford).

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Foreword Roger J. Matthews It gives me great professional and personal pleasure to write a foreword to Hadrianopolis III, in which the ceramic materials from the Paphlagonian site of Hadrianopolis and its region are published in exemplary manner by Ergün Laflı and Gülseren Kan Şahin. The volume contains the fullest possible description and discussion of a wealth of ceramic material from the 2005-2008 field seasons in and around Hadrianopolis. I believe this volume can stand as a model of how to publish archaeological material in a manner of most benefit to colleagues with a wide range of professional interests. When I conducted multi-period regional survey in the provinces of Karabük and Çankırı in the summers of 1997-2001, on behalf of the British Institute at Ankara under the title of Project Paphlagonia, one of the great challenges of working in this beautiful region of north-central Turkey was the lack of well-stratified, well-published ceramic assemblages with which to evaluate the chronology and cultural contexts of materials collected from the surfaces of sites. This problem related to all periods of the Paphlagonian past but was especially pertinent to the centuries of the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods, as most of the sites encountered in the course of Project Paphlagonia belonged to those periods. Even gaining an idea of basic chronology, let alone of more exciting issues such as raw material exploitation, ceramic production, consumption and trade, was a complex and sometimes insurmountable challenge. It is fair to say that if we had had access to a publication such as this volume our work would have been so much easier, and our final publication (Matthews and Glatz 2009) would have appeared several years earlier! The past peoples of Paphlagonia pursued distinctive pathways throughout their histories, as many commentators have noted. Any understanding of the social, cultural and economic characteristics of the Paphlagonian past must be rooted in a deep appreciation of the archaeological and historical evidence which is available to us today. Through publication of this volume, the authors demonstrate the unique value in cherishing, recovering, analysing and, above all, fully publishing the material evidence recovered in systematic archaeological investigation. Present and future scholars owe them a considerable debt as well as sincere congratulations. University of Reading 23rd September 2015

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Introduction

The present monograph is the third volume of the series on “Hadrianopolis.” It is devoted to the ceramic finds at this site and its surroundings in southwestern Paphlagonia, today’s Eskipazar in the Province of Karabük in the northcentral part of Turkey. The finds are from the field seasons between 2005 and 2008 by a team from the Dokuz Eylül University (DEU) in Izmir, under the direction of E. Laflı. It also comprises the dissertation thesis of G. Kan Şahin which was submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the DEU in Izmir on October 19, 2015 and defended on December 3, 2015. The first volume of “Hadrianopolis” by E. Laflı with E. Christof, again in the BAR Int. Ser., appeared in 2012 and was devoted to the Roman and Early Byzantine inscriptions from southwestern Paphlagonia.1 The second volume was published by S. Fünfschilling and E. Laflı in the same year in Rahden/Westphalia, Germany, which was focused on the Early Byzantine glass finds from Hadrianopolis (preliminarily).2 Volume IV will be produced in 2016 by E. Laflı as well as G. Kan Şahin, again for the BAR Int. Ser. It will deal with four field seasons in southwestern Paphlagonia and their general results, plus mosaics and frescoes from Hadrianopolis. Besides these volumes,3 several other material groups were published from Hadrianopolis and southwestern Paphlagonia; their chronological sequence is as follows: a Roman rock-cut cultic niche by E. Laflı in 2007;4 Early Byzantine architecture by E. Laflı and A. Zäh in 2008 and 2009;5 the Roman temple of Zeus Kimistenos (Jupiter Cimistenus) and Kimistene by E. Laflı and E. Christof in 2011;6 Roman and Early Byzantine viticulture by E. Laflı in 2012;7 phalloi by E. Laflı and E. Christof in 2012;8 Early Byzantine floor mosaics (preliminary) by S. Patacı, A.K. Öz and E. Laflı in 2012, as well as S. Patacı and S. Altun in 2014;9 Early Byzantine frescoes by E. Laflı in 2014;10 archaeometric analysis of the Early Byzantine iron nails by M.İ. Kuşoğlu in 2015;11 and Byzantine coins by E. Laflı, C. Lightfoot and M. Ritter in 2016.12 The analyses on the metal finds13 (with the collection of metalworks at the Museum of Amasra) by E. Laflı and M. Buora, graves by E.

Laflı and E. Christof, a new analysis of glass by E. Laflı, as well as Early Byzantine architectural elements by E. Laflı, are still due. What remains to be studied are the bones and wooden finds which were seen by P.I. Kuniholm in 2007 in the site’s depot, but which have not been published so far. The small number of Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine pottery studies that have been conducted in the southern Pontic littoral (i.e. Paphlagonia and Pontus during the Classical Antiquity) are not sufficient to draw an accurate picture of the ceramicological heritage there.14 This region is the least well-known area with regard to the ceramic finds between the 4th cent. BC. and the 8th cent. AD., in comparison with other countries that are located on the Black Sea coasts, namely Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia. Previous scholarly studies, especially historical and epigraphic research, demonstrate that the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine economy of the coastline of Paphlagonia and Pontus was based on timber, slavery, fishery, metal mining15 and other agricultural16 as well as industrial activities, especially wine17 and oil production, and their international trade. Similar to the intensive wine and oil production, transport amphorae were produced on coastal Paphlagonia, latest between the Late Classical period and the Middle Byzantine period. Sinope, Heraclea Pontica and Amastris, all on the Paphlagonian coast, thus became famous during the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine times for their wine production and trade. The very first classical excavations in the Black Sea area (e.g. Akalan in Samsun in 1906 and E. Akurgal excavations in Sinope in 1956) did not provide data in terms of Hellenistic and Roman pottery studies. Until the 1990s, there were only a few protohistoric excavations and surveys by U.B. Alkım (especially in İkiztepe), Ö. Bilgi and M. Özsait, all from the University of Istanbul, in the middle part of the Black Sea area in which a limited number of Hellenistic and Roman pottery finds were reported.18 It seems that most of the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine pottery research in the region was intensified after the 1990s. The first thorough research in the area began with the amphorae research in Sinop by D. Kassab Tezgör and her French team, the results of which

Laflı and Christof 2012a. Also, cf. Christof and Laflı 2014. Fünfschilling and Laflı 2012. Also, cf. Laflı 2009b. 3 Also to be mentioned are the general field reports (e.g.): Laflı and Gürler 2015; Laflı 2009a; as well as Cumalıoğlu, Kan Şahin and Patacı 2014. 4 Laflı 2007. 5 Laflı and Zäh 2008 and 2009. 6 Laflı and Christof 2011. 7 Laflı 2012a. 8 Laflı and Christof 2012b. 9 Patacı, Öz and Laflı 2012; as well as Patacı and Altun 2014. 10 Laflı 2014. 11 Kuşoğlu 2015. 12 Laflı, Lightfoot and Ritter 2016. 13 Cf. a preliminary report: Kara et al. 2013. 1 2

All the former Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine ceramic studies in Paphlagonia and Pontus prior to the year of 2005 have been summarized in: Laflı 2006. 15 Marek 1993; and Marek 2003. 16 Weimert 1984, p. 251. 17 Laflı 2012a, p. 263. 18 The survey finds from U.B. Alkım’s expeditions were later published by Z. Kızıltan: Kızıltan 1992. For the latest research by M. and N. Özsait on the Iron Age pottery: Özsait and Özsait 2014. 14

1

Hadrianopolis III appeared in 2012.19 This research concentrated on the production sites of the transport amphorae, including their dynamics and amphora stamps. Before the end of the 1990s, Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine pottery finds were mostly reported by individual rescue excavations, mostly in burials or burial sites, done by the local museums in the area, such as Samsun, Giresun, Sinop, Trabzon, Amasya, Ereğli, Amasra, Tokat, Kastamonu, Çankırı, Çorum, Bolu, Ordu, Düzce-Konuralp, Gökçebey-Çanakçılar and Rize, and published in a preliminary and spread manner.20 In the mid 1990s two important dissertation theses displayed the prosperity of the Hellenistic and Roman archaeological material culture of Amisus, one of the most influential cities in the Turkish Black Sea area: one of them, by S. Atasoy, studied the city of Amisus with all of its classical finds for the University of Istanbul;21 in the other, L. Summerer studied the Hellenistic and Roman coroplastic finds and production of Amisus22 for the University of Munich, a formerly known phenomenon, but not scientifically treated until the monograph of Summerer in 1999. This coastal city in Pontus was an influential centre for coroplastic production beginning at the latest in the Hellenistic period.

Early Roman fine wares were published by D. Zhuravlev,26 Late Roman pottery by K. Domżalski,27 and the coarse ware by A. Opaiţ. Also, in Tium, a coastal site in modern Hisarönü-Filyos by Zonguldak in western Paphlagonia, Roman pottery finds are currently being studied. In the Balatlar Church in Sinop, a Byzantine basilical complex with earlier finds, Hellenistic and Roman pottery are being studied by E. Güngör Alper.28 The recent field surveys at Cytorus-Cide on the Paphlagonian coast have provided some evidence in terms of Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine pottery.29 Further important field work, in terms of later pottery research from the beginning of 2007, was done in Oluz Höyük, Amasya, by Ş. Dönmez, while the post-protohistoric ceramic evidence of Oluz Höyük was studied by G. Dinarlı.30 Very recently, some Hellenistic and Roman pottery finds were reported from Nicomedia (modern İzmit).31 Ongoing archaeological excavations and surveys at Comana Pontica,32 Amastris, Sebastopolis, Island of Giresun-Aretias/Chalceritis, the Kurul Citadel in Ordu and Cıngırt Kaya in Fatsa33 will undoubtedly provide some more data concerning the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine pottery studies in the Turkish Black Sea area. Further important sites for later ceramic studies in the southern Pontic littoral are the finds from Amorium,34 Saraçhane,35 Sagalassus,36 Aezani,37 Germia,38 Juliopolis,39 Ancyra,40 Gordium,41 Tavium,42 Pessinus,43 Çadır Höyük, Kerkenes and Ḫattuša.

The first archaeological expedition in which Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine pottery of Inner Paphlagonia were collected and published systematically, was the field surveys of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (BIAA) between 1997 and 2001, directed by R.J. Matthews. The ceramic evidence, studied together with D. Cottica and published jointly with M. Metcalfe in 2009,23 are especially important for this present volume, as they represent the surface finds from the Province of Çankırı, which lies in the territories of southwestern Paphlagonia as well. The BIAA surveys have also drawn attention from the coastal part of Paphlagonia to the inland. The hinterland of Sinop has been studied by O.P. Doonan from the late 1990s to now, and a number of pottery results from there have been published.24 Between the years 2004 and 2008, field surveys by G. Karauğuz in Devrek, Gökçebey/Tefen, Çaycuma and Ereğli in the province of Zonguldak (an inland area in northwestern Paphlagonia), provided some results in terms of Hellenistic and Roman pottery of the region which were later published jointly with E. Doksanaltı in a single article.25 After 2006, the first systematic archaeological excavations and surveys began in the area which evaluated Hellenistic and Roman ceramic finds: in Pompeiopolis (modern Taşköprü), in Kastamonu in eastern Paphlagonia,

Zhuravlev 2011. Domżalski 2011. 28 Güngör Alper 2014. 29 Bakan and Şerifoğlu 2015. 30 Dönmez 2003; Dönmez 2004; Dönmez 2005a; Dönmez 2005b; Dönmez 2005c; Dönmez 2010a; Dönmez 2010b; Dönmez 2011; Dönmez 2013; Dönmez 2015; Dönmez and Naza Dönmez 2010; as well as Dinarlı 2015. 31 Ekin 2015. 32 Erciyas 2013, p. 139, figs. 13-15; Erciyas 2006, pp. 14-15, figs. 4, 7-8 and 10; Erciyas 2010, p. 358, fig. 4; as well as Erciyas, Sökmen and Kocabıyık 2011, p. 126, fig. 12. 33 All the former pottery finds, e.g. Late Hellenistic-Early Roman fine ware (grey ware, brown-slipped ware, painted ware, terra sigillata etc.), are so far unpublished. D. Tamer is currently studying all the pottery finds from Cıngırt Kaya for a dissertation thesis at the Gazi University in Ankara. 34 Böhlendorf-Arslan 2012; Lightfoot 2007; Lightfoot et al. 2004; Lightfoot and Ivison 1996; Lightfoot et al. 1994; Harrison 1991 and Harrison 1992. 35 Hayes 1992. 36 Van der Enden, Poblome and Bes 2014; Kaptijn et al. 2013; Poblome et al. 2013; Neyt et al. 2012; Vionis et al. 2010; Vanhaverbeke et al. 2010; Vionis, Poblome and Waelkens 2009a; Vionis, Poblome and Waelkens 2009b; Poblome 2008; Vanhaverbeke, Martens and Waelkens 2007; Vanhaverbeke and Waelkens 2003; Poblome et al. 2001; Degeest 2000; as well as Poblome 1999. 37 Ateş 2003. 38 Niewöhner et al. 2013, pp. 104-105. 39 Juliopolis in Galatia Prima, today Nallıhan in the province of Ankara, c. 210 km southwest of Eskipazar, was excavated by the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara in the late 2000s where high quality ceramic finds of the Roman period were found. These finds are almost completely unpublished. 40 Very little is known about the Roman pottery traditions of Ancyra: Kaya 2003. Ceramic finds from the rescue excavations in the Roman Bath of Ancyra (Çankırıkapı), in 2008-2009, were studied by C. Küncü at the Gazi University in Ankara for a master thesis in 2015. 41 Stewart 2010; Henrickson 2005; Voigt et al. 1997; and Toteva 2007. 42 Laflı 2003; and Weber-Hiden 2003. 43 Devreker, Thoen and Vermeulen 2003. 26 27

Akurgal and Budde 1956; Alexandropoulou 2012; Doonan 2004; Doonan 2009; Doonan and Bauer 2005; Doonan, Casson and Gantos 2008; Fırat 2010; Kassab Tezgör 2010a; Kassab Tezgör 2010b; as well as Kassab Tezgör 2010c; Kassab Tezgör 2011, pp. 259-264; Kassab Tezgör 2012; Kassab Tezgör and Akkaya 2000; Kassab Tezgör and Tatlıcan 1998; and Vnukov 2010. 20 Laflı 2006, pp. 193-194 and 196-199. 21 Atasoy 1994. 22 Summerer 1999. 23 Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009; Matthews 2009; and for the review of this book cf. Laflı 2012c. 24 Doonan 2004, pp. 1-13; Donan 2009, p. 72, fig. 6; Doonan and Bauer 2005, p. 276, figs. 7 and 12; as well as Doonan, Casson and Gantos 2008, pp. 133-150. 25 Doksanaltı and Karauğuz 2012, figs. 2-8. 19

2

Introduction This work aims to present all the pottery finds from Hadrianopolis and the rest of southwestern Paphlagonia from the Late Iron Age to the end of the Middle Byzantine period, a time span stretching from the 5th-4th cent. BC., with a few earlier sherds, to the late 11th/early 12th cent. AD. The pottery seriation introduced here has almost no interruption except during the late 3rd-5th cent. AD. and in the mid 8th to the mid 9th cent. AD. These finds are not only from the site of Hadrianopolis itself, but also from its chora [i.e. a Greek word (“χώρα”) for the “countryside” and a very common settlement unit in the Greek and Roman southern Pontic littoral] in the southwestern part of Paphlagonia. As the number of Roman and Early Byzantine ceramics has been an important component of the DEU field projects in southwestern Paphlagonia, this book is the first monograph on the Turkish Black Sea area that is fully dedicated to ancient pottery studies. To make it easier, some outlined information about the region, site, past field seasons and chronology of the region, etc. were placed in Chapter I. Also, each pottery deposit is described in detail. Thus, it is intended to clarify pottery groups of a single Inland Paphlagonian site between the coastline of the Turkish Black Sea area and central Anatolia. The complete number of sherds studied in this book is 1.550 and this reflects almost 20% of all the finds from four field seasons between 2005 and 2008. No intact vessel has been found; so all of the examples treated here are fragmentary. All of these pottery finds were catalogued in detail; their typologies, fabrics, hardness, wall thicknesses and surface treatments were identified and described individually. The main classification applied to this material group is based on chronology, i.e. pottery is being presented according to its archaeological period, beginning from the Pre-Iron Age until the Middle Byzantine period. Only one genre of pottery, namely terracotta unguentaria and lamps, were classified according to their fabric type. Photos and/or drawings of each sherd are given. As J.W. Hayes suggested in his letter in September 2015, full entries for simple body-sherds (i.e. nos. 436-449, 492-507, 525-536, 555583, 646-727, 765-830, 879-880 and 882-883) which have no recognizable features, should not be included, since they have almost no meaning for readers. But as the present and future excavations in Hadrianopolis are not secured by the Turkish authorities sufficiently, these body-sherds were described and photographed individually so that they could be scrutinized by other scholars in the future. As Hayes suggested, in the catalogue section the term “fabric” was used in the sense of both “fabric” and “paste” which have almost no real difference to each other. Our goal was to prevent their occurrence in the same entries which could give rise to possible misunderstandings. In this book survey finds from the 2005 season in particular will be presented, because most of the pottery material (c. 67% of the whole book) was found in the course of the 2005 field surveys. The chronology of pottery finds from southwestern Paphlagonia is mostly based on numismatic evidence and weak stratigraphic units, as pottery finds of the Byzantine period and coins make a valuable contribution to interpreting socio-economic patterning of southwestern Paphlagonia. Even though it is difficult for Turkish scholars

to present their scientific results in English, this book has been written in English so that this material group will be recognised internationally. Also, abstracts in English, French, German, Italian and Turkish have been provided. Since 2010 several preliminary pottery reports have appeared from the DEU expeditions in southwestern Paphlagonia which are as follows, in chronological order: Middle Byzantine glazed sherds,44 terra sigillata and red-slipped ware,45 Iron Age pottery,46 Hellenistic pottery,47 terracotta unguentaria and lamps,48 Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine coarse wares49 and Middle Byzantine pottery.50 This volume is a complementary, comprehensive and updated collection of the all our past papers concerning the pottery finds. Several papers about our ceramic studies in southwestern Paphlagonia were presented in several scholarly meetings: at the “Symposium of the Black Sea Studies” at the Middle East Technical University on April 17, 2004, in Ankara;51 at the „29th Turkish Symposium of the Archaeological Excavations, Surveys and Archaeometric Analyses” on May 30, 2007, in İzmit; at the “8th Scientific Meeting on Hellenistic Pottery” on May 9, 2009, in Ioannina;52 at the Department of Archaeology of the University of Stockholm as a departmental lecture on January 25, 2010; at the “3. Archäologischer Workshop für Methoden, Anwendungsbereiche und Auswertungsmöglichkeiten naturwissenschaftlicher Keramikanalysen” on February 13, 2010, in Hamburg;53 at the “Workshop for the Hellenistic Ceramics from Anatolia” on October 13, 2010, in Izmir; at the “5. Archäologischer Workshop für Methoden, Anwendungsbereiche und Auswertungsmöglichkeiten naturwissenschaftlicher Keramikanalysen” on February 14, 2012, in Hamburg;54 at the “First Conference of the International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period” on November 8, 2013, in Berlin; and at the “8. Archäologischer Workshop für Methoden, Anwendungsbereiche und Auswertungsmöglichkeiten naturwissenschaftlicher Keramikanalysen” on February 14, 2015, in Hamburg. Furthermore, on May 11, 2011, an international workshop has been organized by the present authors at the DEU in Izmir about the Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine ceramic finds of northern and central Anatolia; papers presented in this minor workshop were published in the BAR Int. Ser. in 2015.55 Before this book could be written, many years of fieldwork were required. Since 2005, four field seasons (i.e. the

44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

3

Laflı and Kan Şahin 2010. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2012a and 2012b. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2011; as well as Laflı, Kan Şahin and Patacı 2013. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2011; 2014 and 2016. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2013. Kan Şahin and Laflı 2015. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2015. Laflı 2006. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2016. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2012b. Laflı and Kan Şahin 2013. Laflı and Patacı 2015, part IV.

Hadrianopolis III survey season in 2005, excavations in 2006 and 2007, as well as the restoration season in 2008—all conducted between c. June and October of each year) were organized in Eskipazar, in Karabük. When the DEU team stopped working in southwestern Paphlagonia in 2009, G. Kan Şahin joined the team in the middle of 2009 and began working on the illustrations as well as the photos, both done by E. Laflı onsite between 2005 and 2008. It took over six years to complete this book, from May 2009 to October 2015 without any interruption. In October 2015, M. Hands accepted our proposal to publish this book in the BAR International Series. The recent Turkish excavations in Hadrianopolis by the Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun, headed by V. Keleş and E. Çelikbaş since 2010, did not report anything about the pottery or any other small finds from Hadrianopolis, as the seasons between 2010 to 2015 were rather focused on restoration and site management. The possible new sherds from the 20102015 seasons, which would likely have been stored at the Museum of Kastamonu, could therefore not be considered here.

studied. Some of the diagnostic small finds, none of them pottery, are illustrated in an inventory book. Pottery finds in the local museums, such as those in the Museum of Çankırı, Kastamonu and Amasra, as well as in the sherd collection of the BIAA (which are mostly from graves of this region), have also been considered for the analogical purposes of this present study. Several museums were visited and their pottery collections inspected in relation to our ceramic studies in Hadrianopolis: the local museums in Amasra, Sinop, Kastamonu, Çankırı and the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara in 2007, Museum of Samsun in 2011 and 2015, the RömischGermanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz in 2008 and the Museum of Byzantine Culture in Thessaloniki in 2013. Through this book, we hope to have created a well-crafted work which will fill a gap in our knowledge by documenting the ceramics of an area that was previously well poorly known for its pottery tradition. We have attempted to present the material in a clear and unambiguous way so that this book will be a good source of reliable evidence for further work to be built on. We have also attempted to refer to other ceramic evidence from other sites in Paphlagonia and Asia Minor in general; these consulted references, however, did not always have relevant pottery for our studies.

Several scholars were involved in the production of this book: G. Fles-Hatipoğlu helped us in terms of fabric analysis of the Early Byzantine unguentaria. W. Anderson provided us with photos from the BIAA’s past expeditions in the region. R.J. Matthews wrote the preface of this volume. In alphabetical order W. Anderson, K. Domżalski, T. Drew-Bear, M. Feugère, S. Fünfschilling, M. Mergoil Feugère, A. Robinson and T. Rehren visited us at the site and/or saw the material, stored in Izmir in 2006 and 2007. Again, in the same order, M. Buora, E. Christof, C. Lightfoot, A. Muller, B. Ramminger, M. Ritter and O. Stilborg assisted us in our past manuscripts concerning the pottery finds and other materials. Revisions and comments on this manuscript were sent by P. Armstrong, M. Fox, J.W. Hayes, D. Kassab-Tezgör and J. Lund between September and November 2015, and helped greatly with the layout and English of this manuscript. All these revisions were inserted by us in mid-November 2015 and the new manuscript was sent to Oxford on December 5, 2015.

Paris, December 5, 2015

The pottery finds dealt with in this book are currently stored in two main locations: a large portion, especially from the 2005 and 2006 seasons, are now in the depot of the Museum of Amasra. The team went to the Museum of Amasra to work on the pieces stored in this museum several times between 2005 and 2014. A part of the material in the Museum of Amasra had been transferred to Izmir for study from 2005 to 2011. The second part is stored in a container which was donated by the Turkish State Water Supply Administration (DSİ) in June 2007, and was placed in an area close to the domus which should still be there. In this container the materials from the 2007 and 2008 seasons were stored. Some of the pottery finds were left in batches in the field, especially tile and brick fragments or body-sherds that were not diagnostic. The small finds found during the rescue excavations at Basilica B, by the local Museum of Ereğli in Zonguldak in November 2003, were perhaps stored in this museum, but they never were 4

Chapter I Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008

Southwestern Paphlagonia and Hadrianopolis

of the interior were Gangra [the capital of the Paphlagonian kings, later called “Germanicopolis” (modern Çankırı)], situated near the frontier of Galatia; Pompeiopolis in the valley of the Amnias river, near extensive mines, referred to by Strabo (Geographica XII, 3, 40); and Hadrianopolis, which seems to be more intact than its southern neighbour Gangra-Germanicopolis and is the only large-sized settlement of inland Paphlagonia that can be excavated.

Paphlagonia (Παφλαγονία) was an ancient region on the Black Sea (classical Pontus Euxeinus) coast of north central Anatolia, bordered by Bithynia to the west, Pontus to the east and Galatia to the south (fig. 1). Culturally it was a contact zone between Greeks on the Black Sea coastline and the indigenous (Luwian-Phrygian?) population of the inner Central Anatolian plateau. The greater part of Paphlagonia was a rugged mountainous landscape, but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit. Its mountains are clothed with dense forests, conspicuous for the quantity of boxwood. The first Greek colonists from western Asia Minor arrived in Sinope around 630 BC. The Paphlagonians were listed among the allies of the Trojans in the Trojan War (Ἰλιάς ii, 851-857). The history and archaeology of Paphlagonia before the Romans are not very well known.1 During the Roman and Early Byzantine2 periods, the major cities of Paphlagonia were Sinope, Abonoteichos-Ionopolis, Amastris, Tium and Heraclea Pontica on the coast. The most substantial towns

Hadrianopolis or Hadrianoupolis (Ἁδριανούπολις) is located in the southwestern part of Paphlagonia, 3 km west of the township of Eskipazar (= “old bazaar”), near the Province of Karabük in north-central Anatolia (fig. 2). It lies on an area with an elevation of 902  m, where the Central Anatolian plain in Çankırı stops and the mountain chains of northwestern Anatolia begin. It is also located on the northwestern Anatolian earthquake zone. Most of the surface remains at Hadrianopolis are from the 6th and 7th cent. AD. Its location in southwestern Paphlagonia provides the principal route from the Central Anatolian plain to the Black Sea, via the western Black Sea mountain range and

Figure 1: Map of Paphlagonia, Northern and Central Anatolia with the quoted places in the text. Underlined places indicate cities with local museums. So far the most important contribution to the prehistory and protohistory of southwestern Paphlagonia (a time span between the Neolithic period to the Late Iron Age) is: Matthews and Glatz 2009. Greek and Roman periods of Paphlagonia, especially in the regard to their history, historical geography and epigraphy, were analysed by C. Marek in his two legendary books: Marek 1993; and 2003. 2 Byzantine heritage of the region was investigated by K. Belke: Belke 1996. 1

5

Hadrianopolis III

Figure 2: Site plan of Hadrianopolis with all surveyed and excavated areas in 2008.

until the 1970s. The region around Hadrianopolis is also prosperous in terms of natural water sources as well as thermal water4. Of the first there is Soğanlı or Eskipazar Çayı [ancient Billaeus (Βιλλαῖος)], which lies east of the strict boundary of Bithynia and passes very close to Eskipazar. In the village of İmanlar there is a thermal source called “Akkaya”. The region was suitable for local pottery production. In a village called “Çömlekçiler” (= “potters”), 28 km south of Eskipazar and 63 km south of Karabük, there was pottery production until modern times, traces of which are no longer visible.

Bartın. Hadrianopolis is a small but important hinterland landscape controlling this major route and dominating a rich agricultural enclave. Through our field research it has been determined that the nucleus of Roman and Byzantine Hadrianopolis extended along the Eskipazar-Mengen highway for 8 km east-west and 3 km north-south. The core of the site extended as far as the modern village of Budaklar and its surrounding districts of Hacıahmetler (or Hacımatlar), Çaylı and Eleler. The township of Eskipazar covers an area of 740  km² whereas the territory of Hadrianopolis was only a quarter of the same area. The current population of the district is c. 15.000. It lies close to the Ankara and Istanbul highway; the Ankara-Zonguldak railway passes through the district of Eskipazar. Today almost half of the lands in Eskipazar are rich in harvestable forests; but the city itself is concentrated on agriculture.

Archaeological field research in southwestern Paphlagonia Until 2001, there was no systematic archaeological research conducted in Hadrianopolis, except for expeditions or journeys of a historic or epigraphic nature in the late 19th and 20th cent. The first and only systematic archaeological fieldwork in the hinterland of Paphlagonia, in so-called “Inner Paphlagonia”, was led by R.J. Matthews and his team from the BIAA in 2001, the results of which were published in 2009.5

The chora of Hadrianopolis is much more extensive in size (fig. 3). In Hadrianopolis it was difficult to locate a classical settlement pattern of a typical Greco-Roman polis, since parts of the city are widely distributed in the area and they are far from each other. Numerous Roman and Early Byzantine roads and routes connected this region with other parts of Asia Minor, making Hadrianopolis easy to reach during Classical Antiquity. Paphlagonia was a major source of timber during and after the Roman period.3 Also, the region is a rich landscape in regards to stone quarries, where a certain local yellow stone was quarried

In November 2003, there was a rescue excavation by the local Museum of Ereğli in Zonguldak, at Basilica B in the city core of Hadrianopolis, pottery find results of which were never published.

For the geology of the region: Blumenthal 1941. For the pottery results of the BIAA surveys: Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, pp. 173-177. 4

Anderson 2011, p. 38; Wilson 1960, p. 37; and Broughton 1938, pp. 616-617. 3

5

6

Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008

Figure 3: Map of the surveyed areas in southwestern Paphlagonia in 2005.

7

Hadrianopolis III of Alexander the Great it was assigned, together with Cappadocia and Mysia, to Eumenes of Cardia (c. 362-316 BC.).10 However, it continued to be governed by native princes until it was absorbed by the encroaching power of Pontus. Alexander the Great’s march in the 330s BC. and the progress of the Hellenistic age across Asia Minor had no significant material impact upon the inhabitants of Inner Paphlagonia.11 The rulers of the Pontic dynasty became masters of the greater part of Paphlagonia as early as the reign of Mithridates I Ctistes (281-266 BC.), but it was not until 183 BC. that Pharnaces I of Pontus brought the Greek city of Sinope under his control. From that time, the whole province was incorporated into the kingdom of Pontus until the fall of Mithridates VI of Pontus (120-63 BC.) in 65 BC. In alliance with the Bithynian king Nicomedes III Euergetes (c. 127 BC.-c. 94 BC.), Mithridates VI of Pontus conquered Paphlagonia first in 108/107 BC. Hellenistic immigrants to the region included the Celtic Galatians who flooded into Asia Minor in the 3rd cent. BC.12 In the BIAA surveys there is at least one fortified hilltop site in the south of Çankırı that is probably “Galatian” in date.13

Between 2005 and 2008, an archaeological team from the Dokuz Eylül University in Izmir carried out archaeological field surveys, excavations and restorations. The 2005 season was a survey season and the focus of the survey was the chora of Hadrianopolis, especially Kimistene. In 2006 and 2007, excavations were carried out in Hadrianopolis, and in 2008 we had our restoration season at the site. After the four seasons of the DEU expedition team, excavations and restorations were conducted between 2010 and 2014 by a new team from the Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun and the University of Karabük. From this point forward, there has so far been no publication concerning the pottery finds of the site. Whether or not there was a field season in Hadrianopolis in 2015 is not clear as of yet. During all of these field campaigns it has been shown that southwestern Paphlagonia was a transitional landscape between the classical regions of Galatia as well as Bithynia, and was settled (with some short interruptions) at the latest from the Middle/Late Iron Age (i.e. 5th-4th cent. BC.) until the beginning of the 8th cent. AD. Chronology of southwestern Paphlagonia

Our knowledge about Hellenistic Inner Paphlagonia is extremely limited: Strabo quotes that before his time in the 1st cent. BC. Paphlagonia was ruled by several kings (Geographica XII, 3, 41). According to D. Magie, during the Hellenistic period Inner Paphlagonia had a rural character with “a rural type of living”.14 The coastal part of Paphlagonia is better represented during the Hellenistic period, but its ceramic evidence has not been published to any great extent. Almost no Hellenistic cities are known in southwestern Paphlagonia and there is very few finds from Hadrianopolis which are dated earlier than the 1st cent. BC. At the same time one should stress the fact that Inner Paphlagonia was never a heavily urbanized area,15 and Hellenistic sites are also very rare due to a possible abandonment of rural settlements. Perhaps southwestern Paphlagonia was not incorporated within the wider Hellenistic world by a network of roads. We should expect a closed and isolated administration in southwestern Paphlagonia during this period. The only Hellenistic site in the area that was discovered during the course of the BIAA surveys is PS 066, which is a cemetery site.16

Our earliest chronological evidence in southwestern Paphlagonia are the Middle Bronze Age sherds from the mid 2nd mill. BC. These rare fragments of early pottery originate from the höyüks in the chora of Hadrianopolis; but a few possible pre-Hellenistic finds are known from Hadrianopolis as well.6 Almost no historical source exists for understanding the situation of southwestern Paphlagonia before and during the Iron Age. The number of höyük sites for Pre-Iron Age occupation is numerous, especially in the southern part of Eskipazar. After the Hittites the first known ethnic group in southwestern Paphlagonia could have been the Phrygians, whose capital at Gordium is c. 240 km southwest of Eskipazar. The BIAA surveys indicated that the single Iron Age site in the area of Eskipazar was İnceboğaz Tepesi, which is categorised by them as a “fortified site”.7 Beside this solely Iron Age site there are also some tumuli in the region of Eskipazar and Karabük, the date of which are rather difficult to judge without any systematic excavations.8 According to R.J. Matthews, some hilltop sites might have been occupied in the Late Iron Age and reused in the Middle Byzantine period.9 Through the pottery finds from the BIAA surveys, the Middle Iron Age in this landscape could be dated to 950-550 BC., and the Late Iron Age to 550-330 BC.

Following the Roman conquest of the Mithridatic kingdom in 62 BC., Paphlagonia was divided into a patchwork of political units and the boundaries of Paphlagonia changed after being annexed to the provinces of Pontus, Bithynia, and Galatia.17 During the 1st cent. BC., there was already a site on the northwestern and western parts of Hadrianopolis

At the end of the 4th cent. BC., Paphlagonia passed under the control of the Macedonian kings and after the death

For the history of Paphlagonia in the Hellenistic period: Barat 2014, pp. 157-158 and 162-165. 11 Matthews 2009, p. 173. 12 Darbyshire, Mitchell and Vardar 2000, p. 79. 13 Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 182. 14 Magie 1950, p. 188. 15 Cf. the map of Inner Paphlagonia during the Hellenistic period: Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 178, fig. 6.6. 16 Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 186. 17 Anderson and Robinson 2012, p. 14; Mitchell 1980, pp. 1055-1056; Wilson 1960, p. 481; and Drakoulis 2012, pp. 82-90, figs. 3-7. 10

Two stone axes found in Hadrianopolis (Laflı and Kan Şahin 2014, p. 51, fig. 1) and in Kimistene (Laflı and Christof 2011, p. 237, fig. 6) could be belong to the Pre-Iron Age. 7 Matthews 2009, p. 151, table 5.2; and for the map of the distribution of Iron Age sites in Inner Paphlagonia: Matthews 2009, p. 150, fig. 5.1. 8 Laflı and Christof 2012b, p. 164, fig. 1; as well as tumuli in the region: Matthews 2009, pp. 157-158, table 5.4 and p. 159, fig. 5.8. Three undated phalloi could be associated with these pre-Roman tumuli in the region: Laflı and Christof 2012b, p. 165, figs. 3-5. 9 Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 195. 6

8

Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008 in Potomia (or Potamia) Cepora (Bayındır), Antoniopolis (Aydınlar-Kızıllar in Çerkeş?),22 Cratia-Flaviopolis (Gerede) and Gangra-Germanicopolis.

called “Caesarea” (Καισάρεια), known as “Kayser” by the current inhabitants of Eskipazar in a Turcified form.18 This has also been confirmed by the Late Hellenistic ceramic finds from the surroundings of this area. The first historical record of the area was the apparent annexation of Caesarea to Bithynia in 63 BC.19 It was probably founded in the second quarter of the 1st cent. BC. The poor archaeological evidence currently suggests that in the 1st cent. BC. Hadrianopolis was a “κατά κώμας πόλις”, meaning a collection of villages, and therefore would not have a highly developed urban centre. The situation in Hadrianopolis and its neighbour, Gangra-Germanicopolis, during the Late Hellenistic period and the first and second centuries B.C., are archaeologically not well known. Until the era of Hadrian (AD. 117-138) this site was perhaps a regional centre; after Hadrian its name and probable status were changed. The Hadrianic era in Paphlagonia, its impact on ceramic traditions and the transformation of the polis from “Caesarea” into “Hadrianopolis” in the early 2nd cent. AD. are archaeologically not well-represented. Remains from the pre-Hadrianic and Hadrianic eras in southwestern Paphlagonia are almost entirely sepulchral or cultic (i.e. graves and cultic monuments), and most of the rest of the architecture would have been of wood.

During the 3rd cent. AD. Hadrianopolis would have been an insignificant site without any specific significance. In the 4th cent. there is almost no archaeological life sign for any type of settlement in the basin of Hadrianopolis, since we have almost no pottery finds from this century. The reason for the abandonment of the site or the lack of archaeological finds in Hadrianopolis, is unknown. Pottery finds are limited even until the mid or late 5th cent. AD. Paphlagonia appeared as a separate province in the 4th cent. AD.23 When Theodosius I (AD. 379-395) made parts of Paphlagonia and Bithynia into a new province called “Honorias”, Hadrianopolis became known as “Hadrianopolis in Honoriade”.24 The political geography of Paphlagonia during the Early Byzantine period is well known through the Συνέκδημος of Hierocles, as the Roman towns of Inner Paphlagonia survived from the 2nd cent. into the 6th cent. AD., when some new sites were added.25 During the Roman and Early Byzantine periods, southwestern Paphlagonia had an agriculture-based economy with extensive land use.26 Additionally, the region was a major source of timber, which was transported great distances over the sea before, during and after the Roman period.27

Major urban centres in Inner Paphlagonia during the 2nd cent. AD. were Gangra-Germanicopolis, Hadrianopolis, Neapolis-Neoclaudiopolis, and in particular, Pompeiopolis.20 During the Roman Imperial period, southwestern Paphlagonia had a densely populated countryside. In the Early Roman period, i.e. 1st and 2nd cent. AD. only a few places, including Gangra-Germanicopolis (the southern capital of Paphlagonia) and Caesarea-Hadrianopolis could truly be called “regional centres” of southwestern Paphlagonia.21 Although the Early Roman period is only represented by a few pottery finds in Hadrianopolis, they were nonetheless significant and there is no known coinage from this city. Pottery of this period, especially fine ware, indicates not much about daily life. Due to the numerous 2nd and 3rd cent. AD. Greek inscriptions in the chora of Hadrianopolis it is ascertained that the Roman population of Hadrianopolis was Greek speaking, as coastal cities, such as Amastris, Sinope and Amisus. Also, the grave culture of Hadrianopolis was under the strong influence of ancient Greek and Roman practices. Compared to the chora of Hadrianopolis, the number of Greek inscriptions is lower in southern neighbouring areas on the border of Bithynia and Galatia in southwestern Paphlagonia, such as

Hadrianopolis became a diocesan centre in the second half of the 5th cent. AD. and a sudden flowering of urbanism marked its subsequent history during the first half of the 6th cent. In the late 5th and early 6th cent. AD., there was an upturn in the overall level and spread of settlements in southwestern Paphlagonia, including in urban centres and in a number of the villages and farms that dotted along river valleys, roadways and the territories of larger towns, as well as previously unsettled lands. This landscape offers several churches in urban settings, such as two basilicas in Hadrianopolis and minor churches in rural locations during the Early Byzantine era. Beginning in the early 6th cent. AD. Hadrianopolis became a polis with a fortification, whereat a building “boom” began to take shape, establishing important trade routes. The city became a significant regional centre between the coastal part of Paphlagonia and Galatia. Since it was cut off from its neighbours, it was a self-sufficient city, drawing on the natural and agricultural resources of its own territory.

Marek 1993, p. 118. This has orally been confirmed by us in 2008. Mitchell 1993a, pp. 92-93; Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, pp. 179 and 182; Wilson 1960, p. 156; as well as Jones 1971, p. 168. The foundation of the city under the name Caesarea of the Proseilemmenitae (Προσειλημμενῖται) is probably attributable to Augustus (27 BC.AD. 14) at the time of the annexation of Inner Paphlagonia to Galatia in 6/5 BC. This was quoted in an inscription of C. Julius Scapula who governed Galatia under Hadrian during AD. 136-137: Marek 1993, p. 118. “Proseilemmenitae” also refers to the inhabitants of the territory of Proseilemmene in the frontier region between Lycaonia and Galatia, originally part of Phrygia Megale, between Karaca Dağ, Paşa Dağı and Tuz Gölü (Tatta Limne) in central Anatolia. 20 Mitchell 1993a, pp. 93 and 127. 21 Anderson and Robinson 2012, p. 14. 18 19

This site was marked on Tabula Peutingeriana. Belke 1996, p. 65: The name “Paphlagonia” appears as one of the seven provinces of “Pontica” in the so-called “Laterculus Veronensis” or Verona List, a list of Roman provinces from the times of the Roman emperors Diocletian and Constantine I at AD. 314/315. 24 A well-known mid 6th cent. AD. inscription from the chora of Hadrianopolis clearly indicates that the city was a part of the province of Honorias at the time: Mitchell 1993b, p. 121; and SEG 1985, p. 1360. 25 Honigmann 1939, Nov. 28, 29 and 31; as well as Jones 1971, p. 171. 26 Anderson 2011, p. 38. 27 Anderson 2011, p. 38; Wilson 1960, p. 37; and Broughton 1938, pp. 616-617. 22 23

9

Hadrianopolis III The Arabs, however, did not stay in the region for longer durations. After the first quarter of the 8th cent. AD., the emergence of a series of “fortified hilltop sites” in several parts of Paphlagonia is an archaeological indication of the first Arab attacks in the region, as evidenced by the recent BIAA surveys.38

During the reign of Heraclius (AD. 610-641), St. Alypius the Stylite (Ἀλύπιος ὁ Στυλίτης; AD. 522-640), an ascetic and a monastic founder, lived in an ancient pagan cemetery “in a deserted area” outside of Hadrianopolis.28 This location must be related to Basilica A, excavated by us in 2006. According to the same sources, there were also a monastery and a convent, as well as a basilica for the great martyr St. Euphemia “on the site of a dilapidated pagan temple”,29 built by the same saint. Supposedly he erected a pillar beside the church and lived atop it for the majority of his adult life. A monastery and a convent were built beside his pillar, over which St. Alypius served as their spiritual director. The literary evidence, as well as numerous religious buildings with extensive and quality mosaic floors indicate that this site could have been an important ecclesiastical centre during the 6th and 7th cent. AD.30 In about 550 Hadrianopolis became also known as the birthplace of Stylianus of Paphlagonia, a saint possibly confused with Alypius the Stylite, who shares Stylianus’ birth date and city. The attribute “stylite” may have been a confusion of the cognomen “Στυλιανός”.

Historically and archaeologically the Middle Byzantine period in Paphlagonia after the Arabian raids in the AD. 720s is poorly understood. In this period Paphlagonia became a theme, i.e. a military-civilian province of the Byzantine Empire. The territory of this theme corresponded roughly to the Late Antique province of Paphlagonia, which had been subsumed in the themes of Obsequium and Bucellarian.39 Its governing “katepano” (κατεπάνω), or in Latinized form “capetanus/catepan” (i.e. a senior Byzantine military rank and office such as a captain or fleet commander), was first mentioned in the later AD. 830s;40 but “Paphlagonia” was definitely created after c. 815-819.41 It would appear that the theme was established during either the reign of Leo V the Armenian (AD. 813-820) or Michael II (AD. 820829), simultaneously with the theme of Chaldea in c. 820.42 During this period the name of Hadrianopolis appeared in some episcopal lists.43 Also, metropolits of Hadrianopolis are known on some lead seals.44 More specifically, what we know about this period is that a “Nicetas” from Hadrianopolis attended the Seventh Ecumenical Council of Nicaea in AD. 787.45 A 10th/11th cent. seal of a certain bishop called “George” likely refers to it.46 In church listings the city of Hadrianopolis was mentioned until the 12th cent., variously in Galatia, Honorias, Obsequium or Bucellarian-Paphlagonia.47

In the 7th cent., Paphlagonia became part of the theme of Obsequium (or Opsikion) and, later, of the Bucellarian theme, before it was detached again to form a separate unit. A drastic shift in the civic life of cities caused urban life across the entire region to change.31 Although Hadrianopolis experienced growth and transformation up to the mid 7th cent., the written sources indicate some Arab invasions of the region in the AD. 720s,32 which caused the city as well as the majority of the Late Antique Anatolian towns to be abandoned by the mid 8th cent. AD.33 During the 7th and 8th cent. AD., the Arabs inflicted crippling on Constantinople and were able to conquer important cities and fortresses in Asia Minor, such as Amorium, Ancyra and Dorylaeum,34 whereas they rarely found their way to Paphlagonia.35 They did, however, manage to carry out two raids in southwestern Paphlagonia, which brought the collapse of Late Antique life and caused some demographic changes in the region around Gangra-Germanicopolis.36 Evidence for this assumption was found in some burials from the mid 8th-9th cent. that were excavated in 2003 on the floorgrounds of Basilica B in Hadrianopolis.37

During the Middle Byzantine Period, life at the city of Hadrianopolis seems to have been very weak. The only archaeological record is the above mentioned burials of the 8th-9th cent. in Basilica B. In this period no architectural features were identified at Hadrianopolis apart from a few possible architectural elements, probably belonging to a local church. No local epigraphic sources for the Middle Byzantine period exist in southwestern Paphlagonia either.

38 Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, pp. 190-199, figs. 6.29 and 6.35. 39 Belke 1996, pp. 69-74; Kazhdan 1991, p. 1579; Pertusi 1952, p. 136; as well as Brooks 1901, pp. 69, 71, 73 and 76-77. 40 Belke 1996, pp. 74 and 137; Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio (eds. Moravcsik and Jenkins 1985), p. 182; as well as Theophanes Continuatus (ed. Bekker 1838), pp. 122-123. 41 Theodore the Studite, Epistulae (ed. Fatouros 1992), pp. 2 and 63; Treadgold 1988/1989, pp. 140-143; and Belke 1996, p. 73f. Leo V the Armenian was killed on December 25, 820; after him Michael II became the emperor. 42 McGeer, Nesbitt and Oikonomides 2001, p. 25; Oikonomides 1972, p. 349; Brüggemann 2012, p. 49; Winkelmann 1985, pp. 110-111; and Lounghis 1998, p. 53. 43 Ramsay 1890, pp. 194, 196 and 318. At Chalcedon, Theophilus in Honorias was represented by a presbyter called “Pelagius”. 44 McGeer, Nesbitt and Oikonomides 2001, p. 18, nos. 6.1-6.2. 45 Lamberz 2004, p. 65. 46 Laurent 1965, no. 1593. 47 Belke 1996, p. 156. Cf.: Riplinger et al. 1988; Naumann, Kleem and Kuhn 1988; as well as Kazhdan 1991, p. 2034 (“Theme”).

Darrouzès 1992, pp. 92-94; Saradi-Mendelovici 1990, p. 55 and n. 91; as well as Delehaye 1923, p. 193f. 29 Belke 1996, p. 156. For St. Euphemia cf. Halkin 1965. 30 On the Early Byzantine floor mosaics from Hadrianopolis: Patacı, Öz and Laflı 2012; as well as Patacı and Altun 2014. 31 Mitchell 1993b, pp. 120-121; as well as Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 191. For the Middle Byzantine towns in Asia Minor: Brandes 1989, pp. 38-39 and 71-88. 32 Ahrweiler 1962, pp. 9 and 28. 33 For the studies which highlight the phenomenon of Late Antique ruralisation in Asia Minor: Baird 2004, pp. 219-246; Foss 1979; Ivison 2007, pp. 25-60; Kirilov 2007, pp. 3-24; Müller-Wiener 1986, pp. 435475; Niewöhner 2003, pp. 221-228; Niewöhner 2007, pp. 119-158; Ratté 2001, pp. 116-147; as well as Vanhaverbeke, Martens and Waelkens 2007, pp. 611-648. 34 Brandes 1989, p. 74. 35 Brüggemann 2012, p. 50. 36 Izdebski 2012, p. 57; Cf. Ahrweiler 1962, p. 30ff. and p. 13ff.; as well as Charanis 1975, pp. 1-20. 37 Laflı and Kan Şahin 2015. 28

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Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008 After the battle of Manzikert in AD. 1071 and the lasting entry of the Seljuk Turks into Asia Minor, most of Paphlagonia was lost to the invaders. Alexius I Comnenus (AD. 1081-1118) recovered the Paphlagonian coast, but the campaigns of John II Comnenus (AD. 1118-1143) in the 1130s, intended to reconquer the interior were in vain. Instability attended the rebellions at the time of John II Comnenus in AD. 1130-1135, when the region of Gangra-Germanicopolis (Çankırı) and Castra Comnenum (Kastamonu; Roman Timonium) swung between rebel and imperial hands on several occasions.48 As our latest coin, an anonymous follis of c. AD. 1030/1035-104249 from Kimistene shows, the area of Kimistene and Hadrianopolis must have been in Turkish-Seljuk hands as late as the late 11th or the beginning of the 12th cent. AD. After the 12th cent. there seems to be no more Byzantine coins or any other finds in southwestern Paphlagonia. The Byzantine defence of Paphlagonia and Honorias against the Turks in the 11th and 12th cent. AD. in southwestern Paphlagonia is not well documented in historical sources.50 Eskipazar was captured by Emir Karatekin of the Turkmen dynasty of Danishmends, along with Gangra-Germanicopolis, Castra Comnenum and Sinope (Sinop) around AD. 1074 or 1082, and named “Viranşehir” (= ruinous city).51

the BIAA survey areas around Gangra-Germanicopolis, but also further east in the chora of Comana Pontica56. Except Kimistene, Middle Byzantine finds in southwestern Paphlagonia, consisting almost entirely of pottery, are scattered. It seems that finds of this period and region are only concentrated in the little fortified site on the summit of Kimistene’s acropolis. After the late 11th/early 12th cent. AD., the remaining Greek speaking Christians of southwestern Paphlagonia moved to Safranbolu (Dadybra?), c. 46 km northeast of Eskipazar. After the Fourth Crusade in AD. 1202-1204 the Paphlagonian coast came under the control of David Comnenus (AD. c. 1184-1212), but in AD. 1214 the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Lascaris (AD. 1205-1222) seized the western parts up to Cromna, c. 45 km east of Amastris. These remained in Byzantine hands until the late 14th cent., when they were taken over by the Turks or the Genoese. After the late 11th/early 12th cent. AD. there was absolutely no life sign on Kimistene and the first Turkmen should had settled in Eskipazar around the mid 12th cent. AD. In AD. 1339 Ibrahim of the Turkish Isfendiyarid Dynasty took over the rule of Kastamonu as well as Viranşehir (later Eskipazar). Bayezid I, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire between AD. 1389-1403, launched an assault on Kastamonu as part of an effort to control the Anatolian Turkmen beyliks; thus in AD. 1398 Eskipazar became a part of the Ottoman Empire. During the 17th cent. Evliya Çelebi, an Ottoman Turkish traveller (AD. 1611-after 1682), came to Eskipazar and noted that the city was a dependant of the district of Bayındır. In 1845, during the reign of Abdülmecid I (1839-1861), Eskipazar became a district itself and called “Mecidiye” (“‫)”خيراتلا‬. In the provincial annual of Kastamonu of the year of 1894, the area around Eskipazar was called “the Sanjak of Viranşehir,” which was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire with the dependants Safranbolu and Bartın. During the beginning of the 20th cent., the name of Viranşehir was changed to Eskipazar due to the old, traditional bazaar in the area. In 1945, Eskipazar became a town dependent to the Province of Çankırı and on June 6, 1995, it became a part of the province of Karabük.

In our field research the term “Middle Byzantine” describes the period between the mid/late 9th cent. to beginning of 12th cent., a long phase in which occurred the abandonment of Hadrianopolis, Kimistene’s use as a fortified hilltop site by the remaining local Greek speaking Christians and the arrival of the Turks in the late 11th/early 12th cent. In this period there was a massive urban abandonment, because of the Arab conflicts, high instability and steady collapse of Byzantine control over the region between Gangra-Germanicopolis and Hadrianopolis. At this time the inhabitants of Hadrianopolis were forced to abandon their town in a valley floor to more rugged places east of Eskipazar.52 They were forced to move to the ridge called “Asartepe”, marking the ancient site of Kimistene, c. 12 km northeast of Hadrianopolis.53 Hadrianopolis, however, did not get transformed into a Byzantine “κάστρον”.54 In the late 9th and early 10th cent. the military outpost on Kimistene was occupied by a small garrison or a storing unit of local agricultural products.55 As mentioned above, these types of Middle Byzantine fortified hilltop sites are common in the southern Black Sea area, especially in

Find spots and their characteristics – Hadrianopolis During the field campaigns between 2005 and 2008, remains of at least 25 buildings in Hadrianopolis were identified (fig. 2). Among them were two bath buildings of the Late Roman-Early Byzantine periods (Bath A and B); a domus (formerly called “villa”); two Early Byzantine Basilicas (Basilica A and B; formerly called “church”); a fortified structure of the Middle Byzantine period known as “Deliklikaya” (= “punctured rock”) by the locals (containing earlier rock-cut graves and described at the

Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 190; Vryonis 1971, p. 119; as well as Treadgold 1997, pp. 631-632. 49 Laflı and Christof 2011, p. 237, fig. 7. 50 Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 196. 51 Most of the Late Medieval and Ottoman cities of the Black Sea area were located on ancient Greek and Roman settlements of Paphlagonia and Pontus, such as Sinop, Ereğli, Amasra, Trabzon, Amasya, Samsun, Safranbolu and Tirebolu. 52 Laflı and Zäh 2008, p. 713. 53 For a detailed description of Kimistene: Laflı and Christof 2011, pp. 235-241. 54 For kastra in general: Dunn 1994. 55 Cf. for a similar picture in Galatian Pessinus: Vermeulen 2003, pp. 382386. R.J. Matthews’ assumption of a “steady rural collapse” beginning in AD. 700 and lasting until the Seljuk conquest is unsustainable; cf. Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 192. 48

56 Erciyas 2013, p. 134: Some of these sites are Amaseia (Amasya), Dazimon (Doceia) and Coloneia. Also, cf.: Erciyas 2014.

11

Hadrianopolis III As mentioned above, Hadrianopolis was a bishopric and perhaps also a pilgrimage centre: the stylite Saint Alypius was born there in the 6th cent. AD. and later based himself on the eastern outskirts of the city. He became so popular that it was soon necessary to build two monasteries in the vicinity of his pillar for his dedicated followers.59 These literary phenomena were not reflected in the pottery traditions of Early Byzantine Hadrianopolis though. Based upon the numerous Early Byzantine storage vessel fragments, one can only conclude that this landscape was dominated by several agricultural activities. Perhaps some of these activities were supported (or even monopolized?) by the local churches or monasteries.

end of the 19th cent. as the acropolis of the site);57 an apsidal building; the so-called “western rock-cut tomb”; the so-called “monumental tomb”; a possible theatron (an auditorium); an arched building; a domed building; several single burials as well as burial groups of various periods; and some further Early Byzantine domestic buildings with mosaic floors. Most of these structures have a spread and disconnected manner at the site as these structures were built in a valley along Göksu Çay (Stream) in the east and west direction. The Roman and earlier remains of Hadrianopolis seem to consist almost exclusively of inscriptions, rock-cut graves, some cultic monuments and a small amount of pottery (including sigillata), but not civic buildings. Very few pieces of pottery were found earlier than the 1st cent. BC. in Hadrianopolis. Since the excavations were concentrated more on the Early Byzantine period, most of the Late Hellenistic-Roman material was collected from non-stratified contexts that are frequently residual, with a mixture of infills from the later periods. In a very few excavated areas have we discovered fills dominated by earlier pottery.

Bath A Bath A (fig. 4) was the most important find spot for ceramics and other genres of small finds in this present study. It was a monumental building located in the southern part of the city, c. 130 m southwest of Basilica B, which was excavated in 2003 by the Museum of Ereğli. In 2006 and 2007, a great part of the structure, revealing 15 rooms, was excavated. Almost every type of architectural design was discovered here, e.g. mosaic floors, frescoes, opus sectile, hypocaust systems and tile revetments, etc.

It seems to be obvious that Hadrianopolis was a fortified regional centre during the Early Byzantine period (6th-7th cent. AD.), when it could be easily defined as a “polis” with civic buildings. It had a fairly large urban population (c. 8.000-10.000 inhabitants) as well as an extensive agrarian rural population in its chora. Numismatic finds are the major helpful benchmark for assessing the region’s chronology in combination with the pottery finds. The Byzantine coins found in Hadrianopolis point to an active city life in Hadrianopolis during the 6th and 7th cent. AD., which show clear signs of an economic boom, especially in the domus area. This can also be deduced from the contemporary ceramic and glass material. Most of the visible surface remains in southwestern Paphlagonia belong to this period.

Most of the reliable stratigraphy in Hadrianopolis was observed at Bath A; an example of which was found in room 9, where a large number of fragmentary sigillata was recovered. It is very possible that the room’s archaeological layers were not well-sealed and that there is some stratigraphic disturbance within them. Our main benchmark for the chronology of these deposits was the Byzantine numismatic evidence. The deposits range from the 1st cent. AD. to the 19th cent. AD.; finds after the mid 8th cent., however, are very sparse and isolated. One can assume that Bath A has five archaeological phases: AD. c. 475-525, c. 525-575, c. 575-675, c. 675-725 and c. 725 (i.e. the Arab invasions of Gangra-Germanicopolis and Hadrianopolis) to the 19th cent. In this latest phase Bath A must have been converted into a barn.

The most important pottery deposits of the Late RomanEarly Byzantine period are from Bath A and the domus in Hadrianopolis. Although some earlier pottery was also found, most of the ceramic inventory of both of these buildings are from the late 5th to early 8th cent. AD., with a concentration from the 550s-600s. Most of these pottery finds were for daily use. In this period new shapes and decoration techniques are noticeable. The glass finds, i.e. vessels, lamps, window glass, bracelets and other garnitures, miscellaneous objects (weights etc.), tesserae and slags, were very common during the Early Byzantine period; their relationship to the ceramic vessels is evocatory. Beside the glass vessels, some metal vessel fragments were also found.58 Both Bath A and the domus are the most significant excavated spots for the correlations between pottery, glass and metal finds of the Early Byzantine period. 57 58

It seems that coarse ware from the Roman Imperial period (1st-4th cent. AD.) exists only in Bath A in all of Hadrianopolis, but in very small quantities. The assemblage contains very few sherds almost 10% of all the other assemblages, combined earlier than the 5th cent. AD., most of which were discovered in the construction levels. The domus The domus (fig. 5), formerly called a “villa”, is located c. 150 m east of Basilica B. It consists of seven rooms, some with mosaics and frescoes. Recovered pottery from the domus suggests a living room and a kitchen as well as some other rooms with different purposes. Numerous

Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 176. Kara et al. 2014, p. 178, fig. 6.

59 Anderson and Robinson 2012, p. 23; as well as Delehaye 1923, pp. 148, 154-155 and 161-162.

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Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008

Figure 4: Plan of the Bath A in 2008.

storage vessels suggest that the storage keeping of food and water was a prime concern in this building and the faunal remains point to a variety of agricultural practices. Most of the pottery finds reflect a typical Early Byzantine domestic assemblage. Based on numismatic evidence, this deposit is typical of the mid 6th cent. AD., although it contained some earlier and later sherds. It must had been in use until the mid 7th cent. AD. So the assemblage at the domus reflects a very limited chronology of nearly 100 or 150 years. It provided numerous examples of a specific red-slipped bowl form, no. 852 in the catalogue, with or without slip, as well as some Early Byzantine coarse ware forms, mostly from the mid 6th cent. AD. to the end of the 7th.

Among several Roman burials, two rock-cut tombs of Roman Imperial period were excavated, cleaned and documented in 2007. The first one is the so-called “western rock-cut tomb” which is located on the rather steepy terraces of the northwestern part of the site, just lower terrace of the so-called “theatron” (auditorium), where the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Imperial (i.e. 1st cent. BC. to the end of the 2nd cent. AD.) city core should have been. The so-called “monumental tomb” is a large mausoleum with an emphasized facade, located just under the slope of Bath A. Chronologically, both of these find spots have a very mixed character.

Other excavated or surveyed areas in Hadrianopolis Bath B (fig. 6) is located c. 200 m northwest of Bath A and c. 150 m north of Basilica B on a ridge between the hamlet of Hacıahmetler and the core of Early Byzantine Hadrianopolis. Although the function of this half-excavated monumental building is not determined precisely yet, its construction belongs to the Early Byzantine period. It was used either as a bath or as a domestic building between the early 6th cent. to the mid 8th cent. AD. Some earlier and later finds were also discovered. Its floors were covered with quality mosaics of the late 6th-early 7th cent. AD.

Figure 5: Plan of the domus in 2008.

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Hadrianopolis III

Figure 6: Plan of the Bath B in 2008.

Basilica A (fig. 7) is located on the eastern extra-mural areas of the site, c. 5 km northeast of Basilica B and c. 2 km east of the Byzantine citadel (Deliklikaya). It belongs to a building complex, most probably with a monastery as well as a wine and/or oil production workshop, of the early 6th to mid 8th cent. AD. Possibly it was related to one of the

monasteries of St. Alypius the Stylite, referred to ancient ecclesiastical sources. High quality mosaics were found on its floors in 2006. Also, a few sherds were collected from the ruins. The apsidal building, only a very restricted part of which was excavated in 2007, is located just 20 m north of Bath B. A quality Early Byzantine mosaic covered its floor, leading us to believe that there must have been an organic relationship between Bath B and this building, the function of which is still unknown. Fragments of a single transport amphora of the mid 8th cent. AD. (no. 1115) was found there, in addition to a few other pottery fragments of various dates. The chora of Hadrianopolis An area within a radius of c. 20 km around Hadrianopolis was surveyed extensively, and more than 15 archaeological sites with numerous functions were discovered (fig. 3). These sites were höyüks, cemeteries, single graves or grave groups, tumuli, stone quarries, farmyards, komai, sanctuaries and other remains. From these sites pottery was the most significant surface find group in dating and characterizing their settlement patterns. During the Early Byzantine period, the chora was densely populated because of the intensive agricultural activities, especially viticulture, in the area. In the chora most of the sherds found belong to this period between the late 5th to the late 6th/early 7th cent. AD. and were of poor quality. In the chora of Hadrianopolis the most substantial and largest Hellenistic and Roman site is Kimistene.

Figure 7: Plan of the Basilica A in 2008.

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Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008

Figure 8: Site plan of Kimistene with all surveyed areas in 2005.

Kimistene

Situated on an artificial terrace on the northern slope of its acropolis are the remains of a rural hilltop sanctuary of Roman times. This sanctuary consists chiefly of the foundation traces of a Roman temple dedicated to Zeus Kimistenos, located on the southwestern flank of the site that likely was built during the 3rd cent. AD. and could have been in use until the end of the 4th cent. AD.63 All surface remains, retaining walls of the temple’s terrace, rectangular foundations of the temple and of its cella, as well as the monumental access staircase leading to the terrace, were documented during the 2005 field survey. The stylistic classification of the architectural blocks belonging to the temple reveals at least two phases of the temple’s construction: one in the late 2nd/early 3rd cent. AD.; and a second, perhaps only as a repair phase, during the 3rd cent. AD. As proven by the illegal trenches opened up in its temenos, the foundations of this temple lie in the Iron Age/Hellenistic fill where numerous sherds of Iron Age grey ware, especially open forms, were found, but no painted ware or Hellenistic and Roman pottery. In this illegal excavation trench from 1999 we documented at least three settlement layers of c. 3 m in height, deeper than the foundation level of the Roman temple. This is perhaps evidence that this part of the site was a cultic area much earlier than the arrival of the Romans. During our survey in 2005 no architectural remains of the Iron Age or

In our archaeological field surveys in 2005, we examined Kimistene (fig. 8) in detail, a hilltop site c. 12 km northeast60 of Hadrianopolis, near the village of Deresemail (ancient Endeira, Emrodere) and the hamlet of Değirmenbaşı. Kimistene is located on a mountain chain called “Asartepe” (= “hill of monuments”) by the locals, and it consists of four main peaks: acropolis, necropolis 1, necropolis 2 and the cistern.61 This site, also referred to by Strabo (Geographica XII, 3, 41) as “Kimiatene” or “Kimiata” (Kινιστηνή),62 clearly shows signs of occupation over a long period, with particularly important phases in the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial periods. The surface pottery ranges from the Late Iron Age into the Middle Byzantine period. Most of the pottery material was collected from the acropolis. The large amount of pottery confirms the value of the site, already known from the surface architectural, sculptural and epigraphic finds. Although most of the pottery finds seem to have been produced locally, there are a few imports. In vol. 33 of SEG (1983/1986), on p. 333, Deresamail is equated uncertainly with “Kimista” and is described as being “ca 3-4 km S.E. of Hadrianopolis.” Also, in the same work, Endeira is called “Endeiron (Emrodere)”. 61 The settlement characteristics of Kimistene was similar to the other Paphlagonian and Pontic settlements: Pontic city of Zela, for instance, had a similar acropolis to Kimistene and Hadrianopolis with a cistern, theatron and monumental tombs. 62 For Kimistene: Laflı and Christof 2011, pp. 234-241; and Marek 1993, p. 124. 60

Cf. hilltop sanctuaries in Paphlagonia: Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, pp. 174-177. 63

15

Hadrianopolis III pottery assemblage. It is c. 8 km southeast of Kimistene and c. 12 km southeast of Hadrianopolis. It is located on a hilltop in a cliffy area. A Roman rock-cut tomb and a deep cistern are the most noticeable surface remains. The rockcut tomb is characterised by a long narrow shaft for the burial. Very few pieces of Roman and Middle Byzantine pottery were discovered at Kepez.

Hellenistic period were found, even though pottery from these periods was numerous, which is crucial to our overall comprehension of the pottery chronology in pre-Roman times. Kimistene is almost the only location where we have discovered Iron Age sherds, even though its function during the Iron Age and Hellenistic period is unclear. According to some scholars based on classical written sources, Kimistene was a base for the Pontic operations of Mithridates I Ctistes, the founder of the kingdom of Pontus, as he founded and expanded his kingdom around 300 BC.64 During our survey we were not able to discover any architectural indication for such a Hellenistic or Roman fortification; the existing fortification on the acropolis of Kimistene is datable to the Middle Byzantine period.

Örenarkası A further surveyed site, in the chora of Hadrianopolis, is Örenarkası (or Göletarkası), a likely Late Roman-Early Byzantine village, c. 3 km east of Hadrianopolis, in a hilly area between Hadrianopolis and Kimistene. This hilltop terrace site yielded some Late Roman-Early Byzantine coarse ware and red-slipped sherds, especially of the 5th and early 6th cent. AD.

The necropolis areas of Kimistene lie mainly on the crests of two hilltops, northwest of the acropolis, along a stony creek and contain numerous types of burials, mostly of the Roman Imperial period. Surface pottery finds are often related to the burials. The Late Hellenistic-Early Roman rock-cut cistern is located on the southeastern part of Asartepe, on a cliffy ridge, extremely difficult to access. This type of cisterns is very common in Paphlagonia. The water sources inside the cistern are reachable through more than 40 rock-cut stairs. Two further minor cisterns exist just outside of the cistern.

Boncuklar Boncuklar is located c. 15 km southeast of Eskipazar/ Hadrianopolis, c. 10 km southeast of Asartepe and c. 50 km away from Karabük centre. Administratively, it is included in the district of the village of Tamışlar (or Tamuşlar). It is a burial site of the Early and Middle Roman periods. Some inscriptions from the 3rd cent. AD. were found there.66 Also, some sigillata fragments of the 1st-2nd cent. AD. (most probably associated with the burials at the site) and a tiny bit of kitchen ware of the Late Roman-Early Byzantine period were found in Boncuklar.

Finds from Kimistene offers us two major archaeological surface contexts: on the northern and western slopes of its acropolis there was a primitive Middle Byzantine fortification with numerous recycled blocks from the Roman temple on the acropolis’ northern edge.65 On the summit of the acropolis there must had been a Middle Byzantine observation post, datable through the pottery finds to the late 9th-early 10th to the late 11th/early 12th cent. AD., used for observing the route from Ancyra to Amastris/Tium. Most of the surface pottery from this fortification and summit of acropolis belongs to the Middle Byzantine period, whereas very few Late Roman-Early Byzantine coarse ware is existing. This find group offers us a terminus ante quem (late 9th-early 10th cent.) and a terminus post quem (late 11th/early 12th cent.), as the area was used for nearly 150-200 years.

Main pottery groups in southwestern Paphlagonia During the four seasons of field research carried out between 2005 and 2008 in southwestern Paphlagonia, a total of 1550 fragments were collected and examined. The main ceramic groups of Hadrianopolis during the Hellenistic, Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine periods are fine ware, coarse ware (cooking ware, painted tableware, storage vessels, transport amphorae etc.), terracotta lamps, terracotta unguentaria, pithoi, miscellaneous terracotta objects, tiles, bricks and water pipes. The majority of the pottery found in Hadrianopolis is comprised of the undecorated wheelmade coarse vessels from the Late Roman-Early Byzantine period that include pottery utilised for common domestic storage, all phases of food preparation and service, containers and other uses. These functions reveal themselves in fabrics, surface treatments and shapes of each vessel. The Late Roman-Early Byzantine rural community of southwestern Paphlagonia were especially consumers of luxury goods. Fine ware of the period between the late 5th and mid 8th cent. AD. is less in number, perhaps because of the extensive use of glass vessels. A major problem is that Iron Age and Hellenistic coarse wares are difficult to distinguish in this landscape.67 Through the quantification of the material and

The second collection area is the rest of Kimistene, lower Middle Byzantine fortification, consisting of the cistern, two necropoleis, and several other sites. Surface finds from the area ranges from the Late Iron Age into the Middle Byzantine period, whereas the majority of sherds belongs to the Hellenistic and Roman periods, i.e. 1st cent. BC. to 3rd cent. AD. In this area sherds from the Middle Byzantine period are few. Kepez Kepez is a cemetery site with two rock-cut graves and two cisterns where we discovered a homogeneous Hellenistic

Laflı and Christof 2012a, p. 61, no. 29, p. 74, no. 40. Examples of Phrygian regional ceramics, subjected to Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) from 12 sites across the Eskişehir region, c. 400 km southwest of Eskipazar, were found to be highly localized with

66 67 64 65

Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 177. Laflı and Christof 2011, p. 235.

16

Hadrianopolis in Southwestern Paphlagonia and Field Research in 2005-2008 examination of clay there is strong evidence to suggest that the great majority of these vessels of all periods were manufactured in southwestern Paphlagonia; the local origin of the material, however, has not been proven by any mineralogical analysis of the clay. Generally, the surface and stratified collection of local ceramics dating to these periods (1st cent. BC. to early 8th cent. AD.) represent an isolated typology with a scanty number of wares and forms of low quality. Almost 10% of the sherds were usually awkward to date precisely and even some surface pottery cannot be assigned to any particular period; these last were excluded from this present book. Tiles were even more difficult to assign to a specific period.68

• • • • • •

In southwestern Paphlagonia, pottery finds can be grouped under to six main chronological units: Pre-Iron Age (2nd mill. BC.), Iron Age (5th-4th/3rd cent. BC.), Hellenistic (2nd-1st cent. BC.), Roman (1st-mid 3rd AD.), Late Roman-Early Byzantine (late 5th-mid 8th cent. AD.) and Middle Byzantine periods (late 9th-early 10th-late 11th/ early 12th). The earliest sherds in our study area belong to the mid 2nd mill. BC., while the latest fragments are from the late 11th/early 12th cent. AD. The majority of the sherds belong to the Early Byzantine period [i.e. early 6thmid 7th cent. AD. (AD. 510-640)]. The number of sherds according to each archaeological periods is given in table 1 below:

•

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age

36

Ceramics of the Iron Age

92

Ceramics of the Hellenistic period

455

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine fine wares

300

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine terracotta lamps and unguentaria

44

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine coarse wares

344

Ceramics of the Middle Byzantine period

279

Total number of sherds

1550

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Hellenistic painted ware, Hellenistic relief ware, Hellenistic burnished ware, The red-painted Kepez group, Late Hellenistic-Early Roman grey ware, Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware (a local alternating Late Hellenistic group of mostly closed vessels for burials, imitating earlier “Greek” forms), Hellenistic coarse ware. Terra sigillata, Red-slipped ware, Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine lamps, Late Hellenistic and Late Roman-Early Byzantine unguentaria, Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine coarse tableware, Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine coarse kitchen ware, Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine storage ware, Late Roman-Early Early Byzantine transport ware, Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine miscellaneous coarse vessel fragments (including a lantern fragment), Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine architectural ceramics, Middle Byzantine glazed tableware, Middle Byzantine unglazed tableware, Middle Byzantine kitchen ware, Middle Byzantine storage ware, Middle Byzantine transport ware, Middle Byzantine miscellaneous coarse vessel fragments (including a fragment of a terracotta spindle whorl), Middle Byzantine architectural ceramics, Pottery after the 12th cent. AD.

In the following chapters these wares and their examples will be analysed in detail.

Table 1: Number of sherds from southwestern Paphlagonia according to their archaeological periods.

In our pottery studies, 30 main pottery groups were identified based on their function, fabric, surface treatment, colour and inclusions; definable wares of the aforementioned six periods are as follows: • Pre-Iron Age pottery (i.e. Middle and Late Bronze Age sherds), • Iron Age grey ware, • Iron Age painted ware, • Iron Age coarse ware, • A Pontic black glazed skyphos fragment (late 4th cent. BC.),

limited evidence of standardization during the Iron Age and later: Grave et al. 2012, p. 377f. 68 This case has also been observed in the surveys of the BIAA in Inner Paphlagonia: Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 173.

17

Chapter II Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age 1- Pre-Iron Age pottery

surfaces were roughly shaped with hands. The determined slip colours are red (2.5YR 5/6-4/6-5/8, 10R 4/6), brown (7.5YR 4/2-4/3-4/4-5/2-5/3-5/4), reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, 5YR 4/4-4/3-5/4), black (Gley 1 2.5/N), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/3-6/4), very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1, 10YR 3/1), pale brown (10YR 6/3), dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) and dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2). Same slip technique has been observed at a hollow bowl from the Mount II of İkiztepe1 which is an Early Bronze Age vessel.

In the area surrounding Hadrianopolis, especially in the southern part of Eskipazar, there are some höyük sites on the plain where very few Middle and Late Bronze Age sherds were observed, but not collected. Very few prehistoric sherds were observed in Hadrianopolis. These fragments demonstrate a very different character than the later Iron Age sherds. They have a coarse fabric, were produced in simple forms and used for the daily kitchen function. Most of them are monochrome and have no ornaments. Their characteristics are similar to those of protohistoric pottery finds in Central Anatolia.

On some sherds there is some external stamped, grooved or ridged decoration, as on pl. 99, nos. 9 and 19 with grooved decoration. On pl. 99, no. 16 there is a two rowed horizontal ridge decoration. Similar sherds to pl. 99, no. 16 are known from Gence Höyük near the village of Bezirhane in Gölbaşı, c. 57 km south of Ankara and dated to the Middle Bronz Age.2 Further similar fragments are a Middle Bronz Age sherd from Durupınar (Totak) Höyük3 and a Late Bronz Age sherd from Külhöyük, both in Ankara.4

Our surveys were not able to provide a detailed and full presentation of the Pre-Iron Age material in Paphlagonia. Some general conclusions, however, can be made: no Paleolithic or Neolithic material was recognised among the Pre-Iron Age finds, and this is more or less consistent with the rest of the northern Anatolia. This may be due to the mountainous character of the north and its relatively harsher climatic conditions. Two höyük sites in our survey region in southwestern Paphlagonia, Tamışlar (or Tamuşlar), c. 14 km southeast of Eskipazar, as well as Kutlukuyu Höyük near Ortaköy (district of Kuzupınar), c. 8 km southwest of Eskipazar, both settled during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages between the late 4th and late 2nd mill. BC., might be interpreted as small villages, hamlets or isolated farmsteads. Sedimentologically the höyük sites in Eskipazar located at the most northwestern borders of the Central Anatolian Plateau; this is also the exact location of the genesis of the western Black Sea mountain range. All of the Pre-Iron Age sherds presented below were found various find spots at Kimistene which proves this site’s existence prior to the Iron Age.

Open Forms (pl. 1, nos. 1-4; pl. 99, nos. 1-19) Rim Fragments (pl. 1, nos. 1-2; pl. 99, nos. 1-2) An open form with a thickened and rounded, slightly everted rim. There are some burning traces on its exterior surface. Both external and interior surfaces were burnished. 1- (No. 1212): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 1/1 and pl. 99/1. Max. h 3.4 cm., d of rim 23.0 cm., max. w 7.9 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. All of the surface is burnished.

19 of 36 sherds belong to the open and 17 to the closed forms; dimensions of their forms were likely large. Their clay colour ranges between yellowish red (5YR 5/6-4/6), reddish brown (5YR 4/4-5/4), brown (7.5YR 5/4-4/4-4/3, 10YR 5/3), red (2.5YR 4/6-5/6), very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1, 10YR 3/1, 2.5Y 3/1), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), greyish brown (10YR 5/2), black (10YR 2/1), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and grey (10YR 5/1). Because of the low firing technique, there are some multicoloured examples in black (Gley 1 2.5/N, 7.5YR 2.5/1) and grey (7.5YR 3/1, 5YR 3/1, Gley 1 3/N). Most of them were underfired.

Brown (10YR 5/3) slip on exterior; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and brown (10YR 5/3), mottled fabric with frequent sand and tiny lime inclusions. 15th-13th cent. BC. 2- (No. 723): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 1/2 and pl. 99/2.

Sand, lime, grit and mica were used as the main inclusions. Most of them have a thick wall, were produced on a slow wheel and are unslipped. After the wheeling process their

1 2 3 4

19

Alkım, Alkım and Bilgi 2003, p. 66, pl. CXXXIII, no. 205. A similar rim profile: Omura 2007, p. 48, fig. 47, no. 12. A similar rim profile: Omura 2006, p. 70, fig. 82, no. 11. A similar rim profile: Omura 2007, p. 49, fig. 62, no. 13.

Hadrianopolis III

1

2

3

4

37

38

40 20

41

42

43

0

44

5 cm

Plate 1, nos. 1-20: Pre-Iron Age pottery; nos. 1-2: Rim fragments of open forms; nos. 3-4: Base fragments of open forms; no. 20: A rim fragment of a closed form; and nos. 37-44: Iron Age grey ware, rim fragments of open forms.

20

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age

Plate 99, nos. 1-19: Pre-Iron Age pottery; nos. 1-2: Rim fragments of open forms; nos. 3-4: Base fragments of open forms; and nos. 5-19: Body fragments of open forms.

21

Hadrianopolis III Red (10R 4/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, red (2.5YR 4/6) and very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1), mottled fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 5.7 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Everted rim.5 Exterior is burnished. Pale brown (10YR 6/3) and dark grey (10YR 4/1) mottled slip both on exterior and interior rim; brown (7.5YR 5/2) slip on lower interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 4/3) and dark grey (Gley 1 4/N), mottled fabric with frequent lime and sand inclusions.

6- (No. 730): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 99/6.

15th-13th cent. BC.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Base Fragments of Open Forms

Dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) slip on interior. Average hardness; nonporous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fabric with some mica inclusions.

(pl. 1, nos. 3-4; pl. 99, nos. 3-4) Two fragments in plain and low base form with a thick walled profile.

7- (No. 1357): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/7.

3- (No. 1296): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area, found in 2005. pl. 1/3 and pl. 99/3.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 7.8 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1), mottled fabric with frequent lime and some mica inclusions.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and black (Gley 1 2.5/N), mottled fabric with frequent lime and large grit inclusions.

8- (No. 678): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/8.

4- (No. 663): Base fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 1/4 and pl. 99/4.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of base 10.4 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; nonporous, red (2.5YR 4/6) and black (7.5YR 2.5/1), mottled fabric with frequent lime and large grit inclusions.

9- (No. 662): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/9.

Body Fragments of Open Forms

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

(pl. 99, nos. 5-19)

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and black (7.5YR 2.5/1), mottled fabric with some lime inclusions.

Various sizes. Some pieces (pl. 99, nos. 6, 12 and 18) were burnished on the exterior. In some fragments interior surface was flattened. 5- (No. 675): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/5.

10- (No. 483): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 99/10.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. All of the surface is burnished. Brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, reddish yellow

A similar rim profile of a bowl: Özdoğan, Marro and Tibet 1999, pp. 223 and 225, draw. 1, no. 6, draw. 2, nos. 1-2 (Eylekderesi) and no. 4 (Gavurevleri). 5

22

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age (5YR 6/6) and very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), mottled fabric with frequent lime and medium grit inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Soft, very sparsely porous, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1), mottled fabric with frequent lime and large grit inclusions.

11- (No. 660): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/11.

17- (No. 659): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/17.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 1.5 cm. Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 4/3) fabric with frequent lime and grit inclusions.

Max. h 8.1 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 1.7 cm. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; nonporous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime and large grit inclusions.

12- (No. 1348): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/12.

18- (No. 658): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/18.

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 1.2 cm. Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 7.5 cm., max. w 7.3 cm., max. th 1.4 cm. Reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 4/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime and some sand inclusions.

13- (No. 1340): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/13.

19- (No. 687): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/19.

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/6) and black (7.5YR 2.5/1), mottled fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 8.3 cm., max. w 7.4 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), mottled fabric with frequent large grit inclusions.

14- (No. 674): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 99/14.

Closed Forms

Max. h 4.7 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

(pl. 1, no. 20; pls. 100-101, nos. 20-36)

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with frequent lime and sand inclusions.

Most of these sherds could be belonging to the cooking wares. Because of their surface treatments they were likely open vessels.

15- (No. 622): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 99/15.

A Rim Fragment of a Closed Form (pl. 1, no. 20; pl. 100, no. 20)

Max. h 5.5 cm., max. w 4.7 cm., max. th 1.4 cm.

A rim sherd with a simple and vertical profile. This form with a wide rim and extensive body is very common in Asia Minor.6

Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Soft, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and large grit inclusions. 16- (No. 626): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 99/16.

Şenyurt 2005, p. 95, fig. 51, type 14.1, nos. 1-6. A similar fragment was found at Büyüktepe in Bayburt. With its dark reddish brittle fabric it is dated to 1600-1300 BC.: Sagona and Sagona 2004, p. 180. fig. 144, no. 7. 6

Max. h 4.8 cm., max. w 6.7 cm., max. th 1.3 cm. 23

Hadrianopolis III

Plate 100, nos. 20-34: Pre-Iron Age pottery; no. 20: A rim fragment of a closed form; and nos. 21-34: Body fragments of closed forms.

24

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age

Plate 101, nos. 35-36: Pre-Iron Age pottery, body fragments of closed forms; nos. 37-51: Iron Age grey ware; nos. 37-46: Rim fragments of open forms; no. 47: A base fragment of an open form; and nos. 48-51: Body fragments of open forms.

25

Hadrianopolis III 24- (No. 722): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 100/24.

20- (No. 1115): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 1/20 and pl. 100/20. Max. h 5.0 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Max. h 4.6 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

Incised decoration on rim.7 Exterior is burnished.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), unslipped surface on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, greyish brown (10YR 5/2) fabric with some sand and large grit as well as lime inclusions.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; black (Gley 1 2.5/N), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, black (10YR 2/1) fabric with frequent large grit and some lime inclusions.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms

25- (No. 485): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 100/25.

(pls. 100-101, nos. 21-36)

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Some sherds (pl. 100, nos. 21, 23, 25-26, 29, 33 and 34) were burnished on the exterior. On some fragments interior face is flattened.

Brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 4/3) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

21- (No. 861): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area of the altar, found in 2005. pl. 100/21.

26- (No. 706): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, eastern part, found in 2005. pl. 100/26.

15th-late 13th cent. BC.

Max. h 4.8 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Brown (7.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent medium grit and lime inclusions.

Brown (7.5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; nonporous, brown (10YR 5/3) and very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), mottled fabric with some sand and minor grit as well as lime inclusions.

27- (No. 679): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 100/27.

22- (No. 1335): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 100/22.

Max. h 5.7 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 2.1 cm.

Max. h 4.4 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, non-porous, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and very dark grey (5YR 3/1), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and medium grit inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; grey (10YR 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; nonporous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1), mottled fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

28- (No. 719): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 100/28.

23- (No. 700): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, eastern part, found in 2005. pl. 100/23.

Max. h 6.3 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 4.3 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Brown (7.5YR 5/3) slip on exterior; dark grey (Gley 1 4/N), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

29- (No. 1294): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 100/29.

Similar decoration: Marro, Özdoğan and Tibet 1998, p. 328, pl. 1, no. 5; Marro, Özdoğan and Tibet 1998, p. 323. 7

26

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age Max. h 5.5 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

Very dark grey (10YR 3/1) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, grey (10YR 5/1) fabric with some sand and lime as well as rare mica inclusions.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and black (Gley 1 2.5/N), mottled fabric with infrequent tiny lime and medium grit inclusions.

35- (No. 1119): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 101/35.

30- (No. 672): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 100/30.

Max. h 8.1 cm., max. w 7.8 cm., max. th 1.4 cm. Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/3), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, non-porous, very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) fabric with frequent large grit as well as mica and lime inclusions.

Max. h 5.3 cm., max. w 6.3 cm., max. th 1.6 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; yellowish red (5YR 5/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; sparsely porous, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime as well as some large grit and sand inclusions.

36- (No. 630): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 101/36.

31- (No. 670): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 100/31.

Max. h 6.9 cm., max. w 10.0 cm., max. th 1.3 cm. Red (10R 4/6) slip on exterior; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, nonporous, red (2.5YR 4/6) and black (7.5YR 2.5/1), mottled fabric with some large grit and tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 5.8 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Red (10R 4/6) slip on exterior; grey (7.5YR 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, very dark grey (10YR 3/1) fabric with frequent lime and medium grit inclusions.

2- Iron Age Grey Ware (pls. 1-2, nos. 37-56, pls. 101-102, nos. 37-73)

32- (No. 664): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 100/32.

Iron Age grey ware is often associated with a “Phrygian” presence in Central Anatolia. The major concentration of the so-called “Phrygian” grey ware is west-central Anatolia.8 This fabric was enduring through the Middle and Late Iron Ages and into the Hellenistic period. An example of the grey vessel fragments from the new excavations at Gordium has been subjected to chemical analyses, which confirmed that the same clay was used for virtually all of the vessels in the Iron Age corpus, and perhaps this situation did not change in the Hellenistic period.9

Max. h 6.7 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, non-porous, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) fabric with some medium grit and lime inclusions. 33- (No. 725): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 100/33.

Grey ware is the most distinctive group among the Iron Age sherds in southwestern Paphlagonia. Their fabric is fine, with mineral inclusions in medium sizes and a burnished soapy texture to the surface, often with a “silvery sheen”. The BIAA surveys produced numerous examples of the grey ware from Inner Paphlagonia, for instance from Höyük Tepesi in the Eldivan Plain in Çankırı.10 The presence of this ware in Inner Paphlagonia is associated by R.J. Matthews with the northern limits of the distribution of the Phrygian heritage.11

Max. h 6.5 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, nonporous, very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) fabric with frequent large grit as well as mica and lime inclusions. 34- (No. 973): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 100/34.

Estimating ethnic identity through pottery finds is difficult; especially the term of „Phrygian pottery“ is problematic: Bossert 2000, p. 77, n. 237. 9 Stewart 2010, p. 147; and Henrickson 2005, p. 125. 10 Matthews 2009, p. 153, fig. 5.3, no. 5; but also p. 155, fig. 5.5 (from Kızılca Tepe). 11 Matthews 2009, p. 154. 8

Max. h 6.0 cm., max. w 8.0 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

27

Hadrianopolis III

45

46

47

52

53

54

55

56

74

75

77

76

78

79

0

5 cm

Plate 2, nos. 45-56: Iron Age grey ware; nos. 45-46: Rim fragments of open forms; no. 47: A base fragment of an open form; nos. 52-55: Rim fragments of closed forms; no. 56: A base fragment of a closed form; and nos. 74-79: Iron Age painted ware, rim fragments of a bowl form.

28

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age

Plate 102, nos. 52-73: Iron Age grey ware; nos. 52-55: Rim fragments of closed forms; no. 56: A base fragment of a closed form; and nos. 57-73: Body fragments of closed forms.

29

Hadrianopolis III Most of them have straight walls with everted rims. Whole surfaces of nos. 37-38, 40-43 and 45, interior surface of the no. 44 and exterior surface of the no. 46 is burnished.

Its clay is mostly dark grey (7.5YR 4/1, 10YR 4/1, 2.5Y 4/1, Gley 1 4/N), grey (2.5Y 5/1-6/1, Gley 1 5/N-6/N), black (2.5Y 2.5/1, 10YR 2/1, Gley 1 2.5/N) and very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1, Gley 1 3/N). Grey fabric and burnished black slip are both firmly in the Phrygian ceramic tradition.12 Lime, mica, sand and grit were used as inclusions in minor proportions, in some examples at a dimension of 10-20 mm. It has a hard and non-porous clay with a very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1, Gley 1 3/N), dark grey (Gley 1 4/N, 2.5Y 4/1), black (Gley 1 2.5/N), grey (2.5Y 5/1-6/1, Gley 1 5/N) and light grey (5YR 7/1) slip. In some fragments their surface is burnished. Their thickness differs between 0.4 and 10 mm. On examples, such as nos. 37-38, 40, 51, 57 and 63 on pls. 101-102, polishing technique provided a metallic sheen on the surface. Almost no ornamentation had been applied. Functionally they were likely serving vessels, but they could also be associated with some religious purposes and used as ritual vessels. The only diagnostic vessel form is a bowl with c. 20 cm. diameter which is clearly an imitation of metallic forms.

37- (No. 745): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 1/37 and pl. 101/37. Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on all of surface. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions. 7th-mid 4th cent. BC. 38- (No. 746): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 1/38 and pl. 101/38.

In 2005 around 37 fragments were collected, 15 of which belonged to open and 22 to closed forms. Most of the sherds were found in the hilltop sanctuary at Kimistene: 22 fragments from the illegally excavated area in the temenos of Kimistene, three from the acropolis, seven from the southern slope, two from the western slope, one from the northwestern slope, one from the eastern slope and one from the cistern. The sherds found in the illegal pit at the temenos prove a certain fire that had occured in the stratified levels beneath the temple’s podium.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; grey (Gley 1 5/N) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, grey (Gley 1 5/N) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions. 7th-mid 4th cent. BC. 39- (No. 717): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 101/39.

The Iron Age grey ware likely belonged to the late Middle Iron Age and/or Late Iron Age (i.e. from the beginning of the 7th to mid 4th cent. BC.). G.D. Tetova’s analysis of the material at Gordium reveals that the Early Phrygian ceramic tradition continued well into the 4th cent. BC., with about 90% of the vessel forms based on prototypes established in the 9th cent. or earlier.13 Thus forms remain unchanged for many centuries. That is the reason why grey ware from southwestern Paphlagonia is difficult to date through analogy with some other sites. It is interesting to note that the whole-mouth jars and craters found in the course of the BIAA surveys were not recovered at Kimistene.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, black (10YR 2/1) fabric with frequent tiny lime as well as some sand inclusions. 7th-mid 4th cent. BC. 40- (No. 860): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 1/40 and pl. 101/40.

Open Forms (pls. 1-2, nos. 37-47; pl. 101, nos. 37-51) Most of them were burnished on their interior surface.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Rim Fragments of Open Forms

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) fabric with some tiny lime and rare mica inclusions.

(pls. 1-2, nos. 37-46; pl. 101, nos. 37-46)

7th-mid 4th cent. BC. 12 13

Stewart 2010, p. 210. Stewart 2010, pp. 49-50; as well as Toteva 2007, pp. 53 and 59.

30

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age 41- (No. 1310): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 1/41 and pl. 101/41.

Light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2), unslipped surface on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) abraded slip on interior rim. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (Gley 1 6/N) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.2 cm., d of rim 10.4 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC. 45- (No. 737): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 2/45 and pl. 101/45.

Light grey (5YR 7/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, reddish grey (5YR 5/2) and dark grey (7.5YR 4/1), mottled fabric with some tiny lime inclusions. 7th-mid 4th cent. BC.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of rim 36.8 cm., max. w 5.6 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

42- (No. 1210): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 1/42 and pl. 101/42.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with some large grit inclusions.

Max. h 3.8 cm., d of rim 26.6 cm., max. w 6.0 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC.

With an everted rim and a short neck.14

46- (No. 393): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, northwestern slope of the temple, found in 2005. pl. 2/46 and pl. 101/46.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 4.2 cm., d of rim 23.4 cm., max. w 8.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC. 43- (No. 1118): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 1/43 and pl. 101/43.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, grey (2.5Y 5/1) and black (2.5Y 2.5/1), mottled fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 15.0 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC.

A bowl sherd with a carinated rim.15

A Base Fragment of an Open Form

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, black (10YR 2/1) fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

(pl. 2, no. 47; pl. 101, no. 47)

7th-mid 4th cent. BC.

47- (No. 1359): Base fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 2/47 and pl. 101/47.

A rounded flat base. All of its surface is burnished.

44- (No. 884): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 1/44 and pl. 101/44.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of base 8.2 cm., max. w 7.8 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, grey (Gley 1 5/N) fabric with frequent lime and mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of rim 33.6 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Everted rim.16

Body Fragments of Open Forms

A similar rim profile: Matthews 2009, p. 162, fig. 5.14, no. 10 (its paste is pale brown, 10YR 6/3, and its exterior is burnished). 15 A similar rim profile: Özdoğan, Marro and Tibet 1999, p. 223, draw. 5, no. 3 [from the large Iron Age settlement at Gavurevleri near Yazıca Meydan Köy in the province of Kastamonu]. 16 Similar rim profiles: Matthews 2009, pp. 153 and 168, fig. 5.17, no. 6; Marro, Özdoğan and Tibet 1998, p. 329, pl. 5, no. 7. (from Gavurevleri); Özdoğan, Marro and Tibet 1997, p. 309, draw. 6, no. 6 (from Yüklütepe, near the village of Samanlıören in Taşköprü); and Omura 2008, p. 51, 14

(pl. 101, nos. 48-51)

fig. 106, no. 5 (from Devecigeçidi, in the district of Çelebi, village of Karabucak, province of Kırşehir; Late Iron Age).

31

Hadrianopolis III These open vessel forms were slipped and burnished on the inside with an undecorated surface.

Rim Fragments of Closed Forms (pl. 2, nos. 52-55; pl. 102, nos. 52-55)

48- (No. 716): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 101/48.

Most of them belong to wider forms with a folded rim. 52- (No. 1247): Rim fragment; Kimistene, western slope of the temenos, found in 2005. pl. 2/52 and pl. 102/52.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Exterior is burnished.

Max. h 3.2 cm., d of rim 10.0 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on all of surface. Average hardness; non-porous, dark grey (10YR 4/1) fabric with some tiny lime and sand as well as medium grit inclusions.

Conical neck.17 Dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with some sand inclusions.

49- (No. 743): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 101/49.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

53- (No. 1219): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of

All of the surface is burnished.

the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 2/53 and pl. 102/53.

Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of rim 14.4 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

50- (No. 721): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 101/50.

Everted rim.18 Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Soft, non-porous, black (2.5Y 2.5/1) fabric with frequent lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC.

Exterior is burnished.

54- (No. 1116): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 2/54 and pl. 102/54.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on all over the surface. Average hardness; non-porous, black (2.5Y 2.5/1) fabric with frequent tiny lime and sand as well as medium grit inclusions.

Max. h 3.6 cm., d of rim 29.6 cm., max. w 6.7 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

51- (No. 891): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, found in 2005. pl. 101/51. Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 4.7 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, non-porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with occasional sand and tiny lime inclusions.

All over the surface is burnished.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with some tiny lime and rare mica inclusions.

55- (No. 927): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 2/55 and pl. 102/55.

Closed Forms (pl. 2, nos. 52-56; pl. 102, nos. 52-73)

A similar rim profile: Omura 1996, pp. 245 and 260, fig. 2, no. 1 (from Karakaya Höyük in Kaman County, Kırşehir Province). 18 A similar rim profile: Omura 1996, pp. 247 and 263, fig. 5, no. 1 (from Boz Höyük in Polatlı County, Ankara Province). 17

32

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age 59- (No. 1333): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 102/59.

Max. h 3.2 cm., d of rim 24.0 cm., max. w 5.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Soft, very sparsely porous, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) and dark grey (2.5Y 4/1), mottled fabric with rare mica and large grit inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; dark grey (Gley 1 4/N), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with frequent large grit and some lime inclusions.

7th-mid 4th cent. BC. A Base Fragment of a Closed Form

60- (No. 762): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/60.

(pl. 2, no. 56; pl. 102, no. 56) It has a flat and wide profile. 56- (No. 720): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 2/56 and pl. 102/56.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; black (Gley 1 2.5/N), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, non-porous, fine, black (2.5Y 2.5/1) fabric with some minor grit inclusions.

Max. h 1.3 cm., d of rim 20.0 cm., max. w 5.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

61- (No. 753): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/61.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; dark grey (10YR 4/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1), mottled fabric with frequent lime and rare grog inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, black (2.5Y 2.5/1) fabric with some lime and medium grit inclusions.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms (pl. 102, nos. 57-73)

62- (No. 646): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 102/62.

The exterior surfaces of the pl. 102, nos. 57, 59, 63, 65, 67 and 69-73 were burnished. 57- (No. 732): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/57.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Dark grey (Gley 1 4/1), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; grey (Gley 1 6/N), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (Gley 1 5/N) fabric with some lime inclusions.

63- (No. 866): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area, found in 2005. pl. 102/63.

58- (No. 769): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/58.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 1.2 cm. Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, black (Gley 1 2.5/N) fabric with frequent tiny lime and some large grit inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

64- (No. 754): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/64.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/4), unslipped surface on interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) and very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and sand inclusions. 33

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 3.9 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) fabric with some sand and mica inclusions.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) and brown (7.5YR 5/4), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and sand as well as rare mica inclusions.

65- (No. 735): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/65.

70- (No. 699): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, first eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 102/70. Max. h 6.7 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 3.9 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; greyish brown (10YR 5/2), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, greyish brown (10YR 5/2) and grey (2.5Y 5/1), mottled fabric with frequent sand inclusions.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; light grey (2.5Y 7/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with frequent sand inclusions.

71- (No. 714): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/71.

66- (No. 728): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/66.

Max. h 6.0 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Grey (2.5Y 6/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, dark greyish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and grey (2.5Y 6/1), mottled fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

72- (No. 736): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/72.

67- (No. 1414): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area, layer 3, found in 2005. pl. 102/67.

Max. h 6.6 cm., max. w 6.3 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Max. h 5.3 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on exterior; grey (10YR 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; non-porous, brown (7.5YR 4/3) and very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1), mottled fabric with frequent mica and occasional lime inclusions.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; nonporous, fine, very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) fabric with frequent sand and rare mica inclusions.

73- (No. 713): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/73.

68- (No. 734): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 102/68.

Max. h 8.5 cm., max. w 11.5 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 4.2 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on exterior; very dark grey (10YR 3/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (10YR 4/1) fabric with frequent sand as well as lime and large grit inclusions.

Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1), unslipped surface on exterior; dark grey (Gley 1 4/N), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with frequent mica and tiny lime inclusions.

3- Iron Age Painted Ware

69- (No. 494): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 102/69.

(pls. 2-3, nos. 74-98; pl. 103, nos. 74-98)

34

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), dark brown (7.5YR 3/2), dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) to black (7.5YR 2.5/1).

Iron Age painted wares characterise Middle and Late Iron Age surface assemblages of the surveyed sites to the south and southeast of Inner Paphlagonia, as at Gordium, Pazarlı, Kaman Kalehöyük, Çadır Höyük as well as other sites in Tokat and Sivas in Central Anatolia whereas looking northwards, the Late Iron Age painted pottery of İkiztepe near the Black Sea coast finds no clear parallels in the survey materials of the BIAA. In the surveys at Kastamonu no Iron Age painted ware were recorded. The smallscale excavations at Sinope brought to light a number of examples of local Anatolian Iron Age pottery,19 which, in some literature, has been wrongly named as “Phrygian pottery”. It is remarkable that no such pottery sherds have been found during the intensive surveys of the hinterland of Sinope.20 The Iron Age pottery finds from the surroundings of Samsun differ in forms and decoration with the ones from southwestern Paphlagonia.21

On closed vessels decoration was applied on their belly and shoulder and in open vessels on their tondo. Painted decoration consists of mostly linear ornamentation; no figures or scenes were conferred, as at Alişar IV. During the Iron Age brown-on-buff is the most common decoration technique in southwestern Paphlagonia which include a range of decorative elements.22 The most common decorative pattern is the triangular hatch.23 Other decoration patterns are concentric circles, wavy lines, horizontal and vertical lines, combed triangles, other geometric shapes, pendants and their combinations.24 In most cases decoration was made without any care. The painting styles, colours and decorative patterns are similar to those of Phrygian pottery.

In southwestern Paphlagonia Iron Age painted ware has a heterogenous nature; the chronological classification of the fragments is very difficult, even though they are easily distinguishable. Their sole distinctive characteristic is their painted (mostly geometric) decoration by two or three colours, very frequently on their exterior surface. 25 painted ware sherds were collected, 12 of which belong to the open and 13 to the closed forms. Most of the fragments of the open forms could be assigned to a single bowl form.

10 fragments of painted ware were found on the southern slopes of the acropolis at Kimistene, seven from Kepez, four from the cistern, one from the southeastern slope and one from the western slope of the temple’s terrace on the acropolis of Kimistene. It is noteworthy that no painted sherds were found in the temple’s temenos at Kimistene. Most similar examples were found in the course of the BIAA surveys;25 they resemble the finds from Kimistene in terms of outer slip, surface treatment, paste colour and decorative patterns. In the Museum of Çankırı there are some vessels with similar forms and decoration with careless brush strokes. Similar painted sherds were also found in Sebastopolis, modern Sulusaray in Tokat26 as well in Yalburt in southern Central Anatolia.27

Generally, closed forms have thick and open forms have thin walls. Their paste differs between reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-6/8-7/6-7/8, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), light red (2.5YR 6/6-6/8), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), brown (7.5YR 5/2), dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2), very pale brown (10YR 7/3), red (2.5YR 5/6) and pink (5YR 7/4). Lime, sand, grog and mica inclusions are not visible on the surface. Clay is fine, non-porous, hard and of good quality with soapy slip in very pale brown (10YR 8.5/2-8/2-8/3-8/4-7/3-7/4), pink (7.5YR 7/4-7/38/4), reddish yellow (5YR 7/8-7/6, 7.5YR 7/6), pale brown (10YR 6/3), white (10YR 8/1, 7.5YR 8/1), reddish brown (5YR 5/4), red (2.5YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) colours at the interior or exterior surfaces. Non-slipped surfaces are pink (7.5YR 7/4), reddish yellow (5YR 6/67/6, 7.5YR 7/6-6/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and light red (2.5YR 6/6). Painted decoration was applied to mostly light or unslipped surfaces. Colour of decoration changes from red (10R 4/6, 2.5YR 5/6), reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3-4/45/4, 5YR 4/3), dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1, 5YR 4/2), very dark grey (5YR 3/1, 7.5YR 3/1, 10YR 3/1), weak red (10R 5/4-4/2-4/3, 2.5YR 4/2), brown (7.5YR 4/2-4/3-4/4), reddish black (2.5YR 2.5/1), dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2), light red (2.5YR 6/6), yellowish red (5YR 4/6-5/6),

A large number of ceramic imports should not be expected in Paphlagonia during the Iron Age; this highlights the importance of reproductions and emulations by the local Iron Age producers. Painted wares belong to the Late Iron Age, most probably to the 6th-4th cent. BC. Open Forms (pls. 2-3, nos. 74-85; pl. 103, nos. 74-85) Rim Fragments of a Bowl Form (pls. 2-3, nos. 74-80; pl. 103, nos. 74-80) It consists of rim fragments of a straight walled, incurved and slightly outcurved bowl form.

That is the same phenomenon as in the region of Yozgat in Central Anatolia: Kealhofer et al. 2010, p. 84. 23 A decorated sherd with a triangular hatch from Kaman-Kalehöyük: Kealhofer et al. 2008, p. 206, fig. 3f. 24 For triangular hatches: Polat 1993, p. 43, fig. 14, p. 45, fig. 15, p. 51, fig. 18; Dönmez 2011, p. 127, fig. 29; Bilgi 1999a, p. 156, fig. 11. 25 Matthews 2009, p. 153, fig. 5.2, no. 5; and p. 166, fig. 5.16, nos. 6-7. 26 Özcan 1992, p. 169, figs. 5-11. 27 Harmanşah and Johnson 2012, p. 340, fig. 1. 22

Akurgal and Budde 1956, p. 49, pl. 3. Summerer 2007, p. 30; and Doonan 2004, p. 88. 21 Cf. Iron Age pottery finds from Samsun - Akalan: Summerer 2005, pp. 128-130; Summerer 2007, p. 30; Dönmez 2004, p. 71, fig. 14, nos. 5-6 and 9-11; as well as Dönmez 2003, pp. 147-150; Çakalca Karacadoğan Höyük in Atakum: Akyüz, Kolağasıoğlu and Şirin 2011, pp. 118 and 127, fig. 4; and Köyiçi Tepesi in Ladik: Dönmez 2005b. 19 20

35

Hadrianopolis III

80

85

86

89

87 88

93

92 91

96 98

99

0

5 cm

104

Plate 3, nos. 80-98: Iron Age painted ware; no. 80: A rim fragment of a bowl form; no. 85: A body fragment of an open form; no. 86: A rim fragment of a closed form; nos. 87-88: Handle fragments of closed forms; nos. 89-98: Body fragments of closed forms; nos. 99-104: Iron Age coarse ware; no. 99: A rim fragment of an open form; and no. 104: A rim fragment of an closed form.

36

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age

Plate 103, nos. 74-98: Iron Age painted ware; nos. 74-80: Rim fragments of a bowl form; nos. 81-85: Body fragments of open forms; no. 86: A rim fragment of a closed form; nos. 87-88: Handle fragments of closed forms; nos. 89-98: Body fragments of closed forms; nos. 99-102: Iron Age coarse ware; no. 99: A rim fragment of an open form; and nos. 100-102: Body fragments of open forms.

37

Hadrianopolis III 74- (No. 488): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 2/74 and pl. 103/74.

patterns. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions. 6th-4th cent. BC.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

78- (No. 1089): Rim fragment of a bowl; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 2/78 and pl. 103/78.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Red (2.5YR 5/6) band on exterior rim. Its lower part bounded with a very dark grey (10YR 3/1) thin horizontal band. Traces of same paint at elsewhere on the exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 14.4 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on interior. Red (2.5YR 5/6) band on exterior rim; other part is very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1). A thin horizontal band and immediately below is the upper part of the two inner circles, side by side. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

6th-4th cent. BC. 75- (No. 487): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 2/75 and pl. 103/75.

6th-4th cent. BC.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

79- (No. 1097): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 2/79 and pl. 103/79.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) slip on interior. Red (2.5YR 5/6) band on exterior rim. It is bounded with a very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) thin horizontal band on exterior. Straight and wavy lines immediately below semicircles.28 Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., d of rim 16.4 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8.5/2) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. A red (2.5YR 5/6) band on exterior rim. Horizontal and vertical lines in form of a square below the rim. Dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) decoration on exterior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

6th-4th cent. BC. 76- (No. 1084): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 2/76 and pl. 103/76.

6th-4th cent. BC.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

80- (No. 1171): Rim fragment of an open vessel form; a surface find from the cistern in Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 3/80 and pl. 103/80.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on exterior. Interior surface was slipped very pale brown (10YR 7/4). A weak red (10R 5/4) band on exterior rim. Its lower part bounded with a very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1), thin horizontal band on exterior. Immediately below two weak red (10R 5/4) circles are side by side. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 24.2 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

77- (No. 1098): Rim of a bowl; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 2/77 and pl. 103/77.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. A reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) band on exterior rim. Applique decoration on exterior rim.29 At its lower part two red (2.5YR 5/6) lines. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

6th-4th cent. BC.

Very pale brown (10YR 8.5/2) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on interior. Vertical and horizontal lines in dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2) as decoration

Body Fragments of Open Forms

A similar decoration: Özsait and Özsait 1996, pp. 365 and 381, pl. I, nos. 18 and 21 (from Şeref Höyük).

29

6th-4th cent. BC.

(pl. 3, no. 85; pl. 103, nos. 81-85) A similar rim profile: Dönmez and Naza-Dönmez 2010, p. 48, draw. 18, fig. 76 (from Oluz Höyük, dated to the Late Iron Age).

28

38

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age Their full typologies are difficult to judge.

triangular with horizontal and vertical ornamentations30 in black (7.5YR 2.5/1). Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

81- (No. 654): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 103/81.

Closed Forms

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

(pl. 3, nos. 86-98; pl. 103, nos. 86-98)

Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Reddish black (2.5YR 2.5/1) and light red (2.5YR 6/6) lines may belong to circle. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

A Rim Fragment

82- (No. 1065): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 103/82.

86- (No. 1446): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, found in 2005. pl. 3/86 and pl. 103/86.

(pl. 3, no. 86; pl. 103, no. 86) With a short neck.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 4.5 cm., d of rim 23.6 cm., max. w 6.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8.5/2) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Reddish brown (5YR 4/3) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) decoration on exterior surface. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 8/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Three bands and geometric ornaments in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) on exterior.31 Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

83- (No. 803): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 103/83.

6th-4th cent. BC.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Handle Fragments of Closed Forms

White (7.5YR 8/1) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on interior. A thin and straight line in reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) on interior surface. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pl. 3, nos. 87-88; pl. 103, nos. 87-88) Vertical handles. 87- (No. 914): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, on the southeastern slope, in a rugged area to Sarpın Çay, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 3/87 and pl. 103/87.

84- (No. 1033): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 103/84. Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 1.8 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) ornaments on exterior surface. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) abraded slip on all of surface. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with rare sand and lime inclusions. 88- (No. 1323): Handle fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 3/88 and pl. 103/88.

85- (No. 920): Body fragment of an open form; Kimistene, on southeastern slopes to the cistern, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 3/85 and pl. 103/85.

Max. h 5.2 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Th. of hand 1.7 cm., w of hand 2.9 cm.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. On interior face a

A similar Iron Age example: Maner 2014, p. 351, fig. 2, no. 5 (from Kuyunun Dağı Höyüğü in Ereğli by Konya). 31 A similar decoration: Dönmez 2010a, p. 306, fig. 37 (from Oluz Höyük, dated to the Late Iron Age). 30

39

Hadrianopolis III Very pale brown (10YR 8.5/2) slip on exterior; white (10YR 8/1) slip on interior. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/2) geometric ornaments on exterior surface.32 Hard, thin, sparsely porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and brown (7.5YR 5/2), mottled fabric with some mica and sand as well as rare lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms

93- (No. 715): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 3/93 and pl. 103/93.

Strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Brown (7.5YR 4/3) geometric ornaments on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and some sand inclusions.

(pl. 3, nos. 89-98; pl. 103, nos. 89-98) This group consists only by the undecorated fragments.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

89- (No. 843): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 3/89 and pl. 103/89.

Very pale brown (10YR 8.5/2) cracked slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on interior. Dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) vertical lines on upper exterior. This decoration bounded with two weak red (10R 4/2) and dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) horizontal bands on exterior. Lower part of exterior is brown (7.5YR 4/3). Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip both on exterior and interior. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) geometric ornaments on exterior surface.33 Hard, thin, non-porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and light red (2.5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with rare sand inclusions.

94- (No. 886): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 103/94.

90- (No. 1330): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 103/90.

Max. h 4.4 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 8/4) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Horizontal and vertical lines on exterior surface, painted in weak red (10R 4/3). Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

95- (No. 440): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 103/95.

91- (No. 1437): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 3/91 and pl. 103/91.

Max. h 4.2 cm., max. w 5.6 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Some lines in very dark grey (5YR 3/1) as decoration patterns. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with rare tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Weak red (2.5YR 4/2) geometric decoration on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare grog and some sand inclusions.

96- (No. 1438): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 3/96 and pl. 103/96.

92- (No. 550): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 3/92 and pl. 103/92.

Max. h 5.0 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A red (2.5YR 5/6) horizontal band and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) geometric ornaments on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

Similar decorations: Dönmez 2010a, pp. 290 and 306, fig. 37 (from Oluz Höyük, Level 3, 5th-3rd cent. BC.); and Kealhofer et al. 2010, p. 83, group 5, no. e. 33 A similar decoration: Dönmez 2010a, p. 306, fig. 37 (from Oluz Höyük, dated to the Late Iron Age). 32

40

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age 97- (No. 974): Body fragment; Kimistene, the surface find of the cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 103/97.

Open Forms

Max. h 5.2 cm., max. w 6.3 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

A Rim Fragment of an Open Form

Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. A dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) line on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

(pl. 3, no. 99; pl. 103, no. 99)

(pl. 3, no. 99; pl. 103-104, nos. 99-103)

It has a plain lip and a narrower neck profile. 99- (No. 742): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 3/99 and pl. 103/99.

98- (No. 1284): Body fragment; Kimistene, on southeastern slopes to the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 3/98 and pl. 103/98.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 6.2 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Traces of burning on exterior surface.

Painted surface on exterior.34

Brown (7.5YR 5/3) slip on exterior rim; brown (7.5YR 5/2) slip on interior. Soft, non-porous, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and dark grey (5YR 4/1), mottled fabric with some sand and mica inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surfaces both on exterior and interior. Very dark grey (5YR 3/1) geometric ornaments on exterior surface which is bounded with a very dark grey (5YR 3/1) horizontal band. All of the surface of the lower part was painted in red (10R 4/6). Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare mica inclusions.

6th-4th cent. BC. Body Fragments of Open Forms

4- Iron Age Coarse Ware

(pls. 103-104, nos. 100-103)

(pl. 3, nos. 99-104; pls. 103-105, nos. 99-128)

They have plain surfaces.

This group consists of very small sherds, mostly (25 fragments) from the illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium on the acropolis of Kimistene. They belong to thick-walled forms with an extremely coarse fabric. The assemblage includes fragments of jugs, jars and cooking pots. 30 sherds in total were collected, five of which belong to the open and 25 to the closed forms. Their clay is reddish brown (5YR 4/3-5/4), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-7/6, 7.5YR 7/6), pink (5YR 7/4, 7.5YR 7/4), brown (7.5YR 4/3-4/4-5/4-5/3), very pale brown (10YR 7/3-7/4), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), light brownish grey (10YR 6/2), yellowish red (5YR 5/6-4/6), red (2.5YR 5/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/8). Most of them are badly fired; therefore their surfaces have grey (5YR 4/1, 7.5YR 4/1-3/1, 10YR 5/14/1, 2.5Y 3/1) or brown (10YR 5/2-6/3-7/4-6/2) variations. Major inclusions are sand, mica, lime and some plants. The clay is medium or very hard. Surfaces are not very porous. Their slip is reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-6/8, 7.5YR 7/6-6/6), pale brown (10YR 6/3), brown (7.5YR 5/2-5/35/4), very pale brown (10YR 7/3), pink (7.5YR 7/4-8/3), light grey (10YR 7/2), light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) and grey (10YR 6/1). All of them are wheel-made, except no. 111. Most of the surfaces have traces of burning.

100- (No. 963): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 103/100. Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Light grey (10YR 7/2), unslipped surface on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, light brownish grey (10YR 6/2) fabric with frequent tiny lime and medium grit inclusions. 101- (No. 766): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 103/101. Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Traces of burning on the exterior surface. Grey (10YR 6/1) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/2) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) and grey (10YR 5/1), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and sand inclusions.

A similar decoration: Dönmez 2005b, p. 68, pl. 4, no. 10= fig. 19 (from Köyiçi, Samsun Province); and , fig. 20 (from Çadır Höyük; dated to the Middle Iron Age) (05/12/2015). 34

41

Hadrianopolis III 102- (No. 775): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 103/102.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with frequent large grit inclusions. 6th-4th cent. BC.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms

Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; sparsely porous, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), mottled fabric with frequent sand and large grit inclusions.

(pls. 104-105, nos. 106-128) Burning traces on interior at nos. 106 and 110-111, on exterior at nos. 107-108, 126 and on whole surface at no. 128 on pls. 104-105. Nos. 117, 120-121 and 128 on pl. 104-105 have strong wheel-marks in the interior surface. Exterior surface of the no. 122 on pl. 104 is extremely micaceous.

103- (No. 757): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/103.

106- (No. 776): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/106.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Traces of burning on exterior.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Light grey (10YR 7/2) slip on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, dark grey (10YR 4/1) fabric with occasional lime and rare mica inclusions.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/3), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) fabric with frequent sand and medium grit as well as rare mica inclusions.

Closed Forms (pl. 3, no. 104; pls. 104-105, nos. 104-128)

(pl. 3, no. 104; pl. 104, nos. 104-105)

107- (No. 763): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/107.

No. 104 on pl. 104 is a everted rim form.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

104- (No. 844): Rim fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 3/104 and pl. 104/104.

Greyish brown (10YR 5/2), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/2), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; non-porous, brown (7.5YR 4/3) fabric with frequent tiny lime as well as some medium grit and mica inclusions.

Rim Fragments

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of rim 9.6 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

108- (No. 772): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/108.

Brown (7.5YR 5/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Soft, non-porous, brown (7.5YR 4/4) and black (Gley 1 2.5/N), mottled fabric with frequent lime and small grit inclusions.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

6th-4th cent. BC.

Light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2), unslipped surface on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 5/4) and greyish brown (10YR 5/2), mottled fabric with frequent medium grit inclusions.

105- (No. 740): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/105.

109- (No. 792): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/109.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

42

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age 114- (No. 795): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/114.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with frequent sand and rare mica inclusions.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 1.4 cm.

110- (No. 768): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/110.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3), unslipped surface on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 5/3) fabric with some tiny lime as well as small grit and sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

115- (No. 481): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 104/115.

Brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; greyish brown (10YR 5/2), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and greyish brown (10YR 5/2), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and some medium grit inclusions.

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 1.4 cm. Exterior is burnished.

111- (No. 1126): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 104/111.

Light grey (10YR 7/2) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, greyish brown (10YR 5/2) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4), mottled fabric with some lime and mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Exterior is burnished.

116- (No. 767): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/116.

Pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip on exterior; light brownish grey (10YR 6/2), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, nonporous, light brownish grey (10YR 6/2) and very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1), mottled fabric with some tiny lime and large grit inclusions.

Max. h 4.6 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 1.4 cm.

112- (No. 799): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/112.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) painted on exterior slip. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, nonporous, pink (7.5YR 7/4) and very pale brown (10YR 7/4), mottled fabric with some sand and large grit inclusions.

Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

117- (No. 758): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/117.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with frequent medium grit inclusions.

Max. h 5.1 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 1.9 cm.

113- (No. 784): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/113.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with frequent sand and lime as well as large grit inclusions.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

118- (No. 686): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 104/118.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface exterior; light grey (10YR 7/2), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; non-porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 4.7 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 1.3 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, 43

Hadrianopolis III

Plate 104, nos. 103-124: Iron Age coarse ware; no. 103: A body fragment of an open form; nos. 104-105: Rim fragments of closed forms; and nos. 106-124: Body fragments of closed forms.

44

Ceramics of the Pre-Iron Age and Iron Age

Plate 105, nos. 125-128: Iron Age coarse ware, body fragments of closed forms.

120- (No. 790): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/120.

fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some medium grit and tiny lime inclusions. 119- (No. 783): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/119.

Max. h 4.9 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 1.7 cm. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, light brownish grey (10YR 6/2) and very pale brown (10YR 7/4), mottled fabric with frequent large grit inclusions.

Max. h 4.4 cm., max. w 6.9 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with frequent medium grit and lime inclusions.

121- (No. 794): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/121. 45

Hadrianopolis III 126- (No. 789): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 105/126.

Max. h 4.8 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 1.4 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some medium grit and sand inclusions.

Max. h 6.4 cm., max. w 6.2 cm., max. th 1.6 cm.

122- (No. 749): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/122.

Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and dark grey (7.5YR 4/1), mottled fabric with frequent sand and tiny lime as well as some large grit and plant inclusions.

Max. h 5.8 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

127- (No. 788): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 105/127.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with frequent lime and mica as well as some medium grit inclusions.

Max. h 6.6 cm., max. w 9.8 cm., max. th 2.1 cm.

123- (No. 786): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 104/123.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3), unslipped surface interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent large grit and sand inclusions.

Max. h 5.9 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

128- (No. 798): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 105/128.

Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some large grit and lime inclusions.

Max. h 9.8 cm., max. w 9.8 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

124- (No. 1290): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area, found in 2005. pl. 104/124.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1), mottled fabric with frequent sand and large grit inclusions.

Max. h 6.0 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Exterior is burnished. Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior; light grey (10YR 7/2), unslipped surface in interior. A red (2.5YR 5/6) band on exterior. Soft, thin, non-porous, pink (5YR 7/4) and very pale brown (10YR 7/4), mottled fabric with infrequent medium grit inclusions. 125- (No. 797): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 105/125. Max. h 6.0 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 1.3 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, sparsely porous, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent lime and sand as well as large grit inclusions.

46

Chapter III Hellenistic Ceramics 1- A Pontic Skyphos Fragment

Paste colours are reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-6/8, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), light red (2.5YR 6/8-6/6), red (2.5YR 5/8-5/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), pink (5YR 7/4, 7.5YR 7/4), light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), very pale brown (10YR 7/4), yellowish red (5YR 5/6-5/8), pale brown (10YR 6/3), brown (7.5YR 5/3), reddish brown (5YR 5/3) and grey (7.5YR 6/1). Inclusions are lime, grog, sand, grit and mica in medium and small dimensions. Their generally hard paste is well-fired. In some badly-fired products paste is grey or mottled. Slip colours differ as pink (5YR 7/4-8/3, 7.5YR 7/3-7/4-8/3), very pale brown (10YR 7/3-7/4-8/28/3-8/3), weak red (5R 5/4, 7.5R 4/3, 4/4, 10R 4/4-5/4), red (5R 4/6, 7.5R 5/6, 10R 5/6, 2.5YR 5/6), white (10YR 8/1), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6, 7.5YR 6/6), light red (2.5YR 6/6), pale red (7.5R 6/4), light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), pinkish grey (5YR 7/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/3). Slips are mostly shinny and smooth; some examples are burnished.

(pl. 4, no. 129; pl. 106, no. 129) During the 2005 survey at Kimistene one single fragment of a skyphos was recovered. Its shape, the quality of its slip and decoration resemble to that of black-glazed vessels, found in the northern Black Sea area, such as Chersonesus.1 Many of the Atticizing wares found in Early Hellenistic contexts at Gordium were also imported from the Black Sea rather than from the Aegean production centres.2 Its fabric is clean and reddish. It has a stamped decoration on the interior surface. It could be dated to the early 4th cent. BC. A similar black-glazed fragment of 4th-3rd cent. BC. was found at Oluz Höyük3 and Zile.4 A further similar bowl sherd from İkiztepe is highly burnished in black and could be an import.5 129- (No. 888): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 4/129 and pl. 106/129.

The most important distinctive feature of this group is their ground slip in cream. The main decoration pattern is concentric bands in yellowish red (5YR 5/6), reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3, 5YR 5/3), pale red (7.5R 6/4), weak red (10R 5/4) and red (5R 4/6, 10R 5/6-5/8, 2.5YR 5/6). Their decoration is similar to that of Galatian ware in some respects.6 No definite Galatian ware, however, was found in southwestern Paphlagonia. Banded decoration is a widespread ceramic trend in Asia Minor during the Hellenistic period and is produced – or at least used – at the sites between Eskişehir to the west and the Halys River to the east.7 The particular manifestation of the Hellenistic painted ware in southwestern Paphlagonia is homogeneous in terms of fabric, form and decoration.8

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip is worn off. Hard, thin, nonporous, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions. 2- Hellenistic Painted Ware (pls. 4-5, nos. 130-187; pls. 106-107, nos. 130-187) This group is not a discrete group with common and definable characteristics, but it is clearly a continuation of the Late Iron Age painted ware tradition in the Hellenistic period with Greek forms and local painted features. We have 58 sherds in total, 45 of which are of the and 13 of the open forms. The form repertory of this ware is very limited; most of them are closed forms with short neck. It is noteworthy that most of the fragments belong to bodysherds with 0.4-1.0 cm. wall thicknesses so that it was difficult to assign them to any known Hellenistic forms. They seem to be pots for daily use, such as storage vessels or for religious purposes as urns.

25 of these sherds were found on the southern slope of the acropolis at Kimistene and three fragments from the cistern of Kimistene. It seems that Hellenistic painted ware has a concentration on Kimistene. Hellenistic painted ware examples from Kimistene seem to be rather very isolated. Only two sherds were collected from Kepez. A crater fragment with similar decoration from Oluz Höyük9 is dated to the 4th-3rd cent. BC. In southwestern Paphlagonia, however, Hellenistic painted ware could be dated to the 3rd-2nd cent. BC. In parallel with southwestern Paphlagonia in İkiztepe some fragments from the Hellenistic period were decorated with grooved or fluted

Zolotarev 2005, pp. 196-197, figs. 4-8. Stewart 2010, p. 84. 3 Dönmez 2010b, p. 63, fig. 103. 4 Özsait and Özsait 2014, p. 173, fig. 3. Hellenistic sherds from Zela and other parts of Cappadocian Pontus are different than the ones in southwestern Paphlagonia. 5 Bilgi 1999b, p. 38. 1

Cf. a sherd from Eskiyapar: Zoroğlu 1979, p. 214, fig. 6, draw. 5; Zahn 1907, p. 638; Maier 1963, pp. 251-252; Bittel 1974, pp. 233 and 236-237; as well as Özsait and Özsait 2003, p. 323. 7 Stewart 2010, p. 153. 8 Stewart 2010, p. 153. 9 Dönmez 2010b, p. 63, fig. 102.

2

6

47

Hadrianopolis III

129

130

131

132

133

139

138

144

145

146

148 161

162

156

164

166

165

0

5 cm

Plate 4, no. 129: A Pontic skyphos fragment; nos. 130-166: Hellenistic painted ware; nos. 130-132: Rim fragments of open forms; no. 133: A base fragment of an open form; nos. 138-139: Body fragments of open forms; nos. 144-145: Rim fragments of closed forms; no. 146: A base fragment of a closed form; and nos. 148-166: Body fragments of closed forms.

48

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 106, no. 129: A Pontic skyphos fragment; nos. 130-162: Hellenistic painted ware; nos. 130-132: Rim fragments of open forms; no. 133: A base fragment of an open form; nos. 134-142: Body fragments of open forms; nos. 143-145: Rim fragments of closed forms; no. 146: A base fragment of a closed form; and nos. 147-162: Body fragments of closed forms.

49

Hadrianopolis III geometric patterns, such as parallel grooves or small linear triangles or zigzags.10

Max. h 1.1 cm., d of rim 27.4 cm., max. w 5.9 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

In the local museums of Paphlagonia, especially in the Museum of Çankırı, there are several similar examples of Hellenistic painted ware in the exhibition, none of which seems to be the same in terms of typology and decoration with the ones in southwestern Paphlagonia.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on exterior; weak red (7.5R 4/3) slip on interior rim. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional mica inclusions. 3rd-2nd cent. BC.

Open Forms

A Base Fragment of an Open Form

(pl. 4, nos. 130-139; pl. 106, nos. 130-142)

(pl. 4, no. 133; pl. 106, no. 133)

Rim Fragments of Open Forms

Flat based. Exterior is burnished.

(pl. 4, nos. 130-132; pl. 106, no. 130-132)

133- (No. 893): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 4/133 and pl. 106/133.

Most of these sherds cannot be assigned to any known forms. Nos. 130 as well as 131 on pl. 106 are similar forms in terms of rim profile. 130- (No. 1275): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 4/130 and pl. 106/130.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of base 4.4 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/3) slip on exterior; painted in weak red (10R 4/4) on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.3 cm., d of rim 10.4 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on the lower part of the interior. Two bands in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) on exterior; weak red (10R 5/4) on interior rim. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Body Fragments of Open Forms (pl. 4, nos. 138-139; pl. 106, nos. 134-142)

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

Exterior surface of the no. 137 on pl. 106, interior surfaces of the nos. 134, 136 as well as 140 and all of the surface of no. 142 are burnished.

131- (No. 544): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 4/131 and pl. 106/131.

134- (No. 902): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 106/134.

Max. h 1.4 cm., d of rim 11.2 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Two bands in weak red (10R 4/4) and very dark grey (5YR 3/1) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; weak red (10R 4/3) on interior. Two bands in dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

135- (No. 1364): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 106/135.

3rd-2nd cent. BC. 132- (No. 916): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, on a rugid area in southeastern terrace (on the way to the cistern), surface find, found in 2005. pl. 4/132 and pl. 106/132.

10

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Two bands in black (7.5YR 2.5/1) on exterior. Its lower part has been painted in weak red (10R 4/4). Hard,

Bilgi 1999b, p. 38, fig. 23, nos. 4-5, 6-9 and 11.

50

Hellenistic Ceramics thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional sand and frequent tiny lime inclusions.

horizontal bands on exterior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

136- (No. 812): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 106/136.

141- (No. 514): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of the Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 106/141.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Four bands in red (10R 4/6) and very dark grey (5YR 3/1) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare small lime inclusions.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Brown (7.5YR 5/3) horizontal bands on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, brown (7.5YR 5/3) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

137- (No. 853): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 106/137.

142- (No. 438): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 106/142.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Three bands in dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and red (10R 5/6) on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with occasional small lime inclusions.

Red (10R 5/6) smoothed slip on exterior; weak red (10R 5/4) slip on interior. A band in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/8) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

138- (No. 1066): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 4/138 and pl. 106/138.

Closed Forms (pls. 4-5, nos. 144-187; pls. 106-107, nos. 143-187)

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Rim Fragments

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on interior. Two bands in red (2.5YR 4/6) and very dark grey (5YR 3/1) on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pl. 4, nos. 144-145; pl. 106, nos. 143-145) Pl. 106, no. 145 is narrow and short-necked. Most of the rim fragments are everted. 143- (No. 1047): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 106/143.

139- (No. 1023): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 4/139 and pl. 106/139.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

White (10YR 8/1) slip both on exterior and interior rim. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on lower part of the interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent sand inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) slip on interior. Two bands in dusky red (10R 3/2) on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

144- (No. 1130): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 4/144 and pl. 106/144.

140- (No. 806): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 106/140.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

White (10YR 8/1) slip both on exterior and interior rim. A band in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) on exterior. Hard,

Light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Red (2.5YR 5/6) 51

Hadrianopolis III thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

148- (No. 442): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 4/148 and pl. 106/148.

145- (No. 881): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 4/145 and pl. 106/145.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Two black (5YR 2.5/1) bands on upper exterior. Its lower part was painted in weak red (10R 4/4). Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime and some sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 6.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/3) slip on exterior; weak red (10R 5/4) on interior rim. Its lower part has a very pale brown (10YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. A band in dusky red (10R 3/4) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

149- (No. 950): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 106/149.

3rd-2nd cent. BC. A Base Fragment of a Closed Form

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

(pl. 4, no. 146; pl. 106, no. 146)

Red (7.5R 5/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

A ring base form with internal wheel-marks. 146- (No. 1478): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 4/146 and pl. 106/146.

150- (No. 1371): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 106/150.

Max. h 3.6 cm., d of base 8.6 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Pinkish grey (5YR 7/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on interior. Two parallel horizontal bands on the exterior. The upper and lower bands are in weak red (5R 4/3 or 5R 4/2). Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions. 151- (No. 1149): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, northern slope, found in 2005. pl. 106/151.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms (pls. 4-5, nos. 148-187; pls. 106-107, nos. 147-187)

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

They belong to the carinated, large forms with some line decoration. They are either burnished or have strong internal wheelmarks.

Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; nonporous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and mica inclusions.

147- (No. 897): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 106/147.

152- (No. 1325): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 106/152.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Exterior is burnished.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Two

Weak red (7.5R 4/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous,

52

Hellenistic Ceramics bands in reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and very dark grey (10YR 3/1) on exterior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6-5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Weak red (5R 5/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

153- (No. 441): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 106/153.

158- (No. 940): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 106/158.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. A dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) band on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Exterior is burnished. Red (10R 5/6) shiny slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

154- (No. 1262): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 106/154.

159- (No. 1397): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 106/159.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 8/4), unslipped surface in interior. Two bands in dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) on exterior. These bands are bordered with two reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) bands. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with rare sand and mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

155- (No. 1235): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 106/155.

160- (No. 1351): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 106/160.

Weak red (7.5R 4/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Light reddish brown (5YR 6/3), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Traces of a reddish brown (5YR 5/4) band. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with some mica and sand inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Three red (2.5YR 5/6) and dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) bands on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some sand inclusions.

161- (No. 416): Body fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis I, found in 2005. pl. 4/161 and pl. 106/161.

156- (No. 972): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 4/156 and pl. 106/156.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Two very dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) bands on exterior. Its lower part is in red (2.5YR 5/6). Average hardness; non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/8) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Two painted bands in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with rare sand and occasional tiny lime inclusions.

162- (No. 1285): Body fragment; Kimistene, found on the rather steep slopes from the cistern to the acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 4/162 and pl. 106/162.

157- (No. 1011): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 106/157. 53

Hadrianopolis III

169 168 167

170

172

171

174

175

173

177 176 180

183

181

186

0 187

Plate 5, nos. 167-187: Hellenistic painted ware, body fragments of closed forms.

54

5 cm

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 107, nos. 163-187: Hellenistic painted ware, body fragments of closed forms.

55

Hadrianopolis III 167- (No. 400): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern lowest slope; found in 2005. pl. 5/167 and pl. 107/167.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Two bands in very dark grey (5YR 3/1). Its lower part is in yellowish red (5YR 5/6) on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (10YR 3/1) band on exterior; its lower part is in weak red (10R 5/4). Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

163- (No. 889): Body and base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 107/163.

168- (No. 731): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 5/168 and pl. 107/168.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Weak red (10R 4/4) slip on upper exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip around the exterior base. Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface on interior. A painted band in very dark grey (5YR 3/1) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with rare lime and sand inclusions.

164- (No. 537): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 4/164 and pl. 107/164.

169- (No. 934): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 5/169 and pl. 107/169.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Three very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) bands on exterior. Its lower part is in reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3). Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. White (10YR 8/1) slip on exterior; light reddish brown (5YR 6/3), unslipped surface on interior. Two parallel, horizontal bands in dark reddish grey (2.5YR 4/1) on the exterior. The lower part is reddish brown (5YR 5/3). Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) fabric with some mica and sand inclusions.

165- (No. 407): Body fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis I, found in 2005. pl. 4/165 and pl. 107/165. Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

170- (No. 444): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 5/170 and pl. 107/170.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Three bands in black (7.5YR 2.5/1) on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) band on exterior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

166- (No. 1242): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 4/166 and pl. 107/166.

171- (No. 1360): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 5/171 and pl. 107/171.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. A dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) band on upper exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, pink (7.5YR 7/4) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with occasional sand and tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (5YR 3/1) band on exterior, its lower part is red (10R 5/6) on exterior

56

Hellenistic Ceramics 176- (No. 398): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern (lowest) slope, found in 2005. pl. 5/176 and pl. 107/176.

slip. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with occasional mica and sand inclusions. 172- (No. 1350): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 5/172 and pl. 107/172.

Max. h 4.8 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Interior surface is smoothed.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Three black bands (7.5YR 2.5/1) on exterior; their lower part is in red (2.5YR 5/6). Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Exterior is burnished. Red (5R 4/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. A dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) band on upper exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

177- (No. 924): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 5/177 and pl. 107/177.

173- (No. 524): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 5/173 and pl. 107/173.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on interior. Two horizontal dark reddish grey (10R 4/1) bands on exterior. Their lower part is in red (10R 5/8). Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with some mica and lime inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Two bands in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

178- (No. 919): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southeastern slope, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 107/178.

174- (No. 939): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 5/174 and pl. 107/174.

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Exterior is burnished.

Exterior is burnished.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) band on upper exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (10R 5/6), shiny slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (5YR 3/1) band on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some mica as well as rare lime and grog less than 0.5 cm. inclusions.

179- (No. 1453): Body fragment; uncertain.

175- (No. 546): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 5/175 and pl. 107/175.

pl. 107/179.

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Weak red (10R 4/4) matt slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Exterior is burnished.

180- (No. 1237): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 5/180 and pl. 107/180.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on the lower part of the exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (5YR 3/1) band on upper exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and grey (7.5YR 6/1), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 4.8 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Three yellowish red 57

Hadrianopolis III (5YR 5/6) bands on exterior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional sand and tiny lime inclusions.

on lower part of the interior. Interior slip is separated with a red (2.5YR 5/6) band. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional medium grit and rare grog inclusions.

181- (No. 887): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 5/181 and pl. 107/181.

186- (No. 443): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 5/186 and pl. 107/186.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 6.0 cm., max. w 6.9 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; pink (7.5YR 8/4), unslipped surface in interior. Two very dark grey (5YR 3/1) bands on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) and light red (2.5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) band on upper exterior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

182- (No. 854): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, northwestern slope of the temple, found in 2005. pl. 107/182.

187- (No. 525): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 5/187 and pl. 107/187.

Max. h 4.6 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 6.1 cm., max. w 7.3 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Exterior is burnished.

Exterior is burnished.

Weak red (10R 4/4) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on upper exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. A dark reddish grey (2.5YR 4/1) band on upper exterior; its lower part is in red (2.5YR 5/6). Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with some lime inclusions.

183- (No. 434): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 5/183 and pl. 107/183.

3- Hellenistic Relief Ware

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

(pl. 6, nos. 188-201; pl. 108, nos. 188-201)

Pale red (7.5R 6/4) slip on lower part of the exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) band on upper exterior. Hard, thin, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

This mould-made ware consists only of a bowl form exterior of which is decorated with a rim frieze with egg-and-darts in high relief11 and degenerated floral decorations, perhaps through the influence of the workshops in western Asia Minor.12 Its rim is everted and body form must be globular. 14 fragments were collected, 12 of which are from Kepez (perhaps of a single vessel) and two from Kimistene.

184- (No. 439): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 107/184.

Paste is reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6, 5YR 6/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), pale brown (10YR 6/3), very pale brown (10YR 7/4), pale red (10R 6/2) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6). Inclusions are tiny lime, quartz, mica, sand and small grit. Inclusions are small. Paste is hard and less porous. Slip is red (2.5YR 5/6-4/6-5/8, 10R 5/6), light red (2.5YR 6/6), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-7/6), reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4, 5YR 4/4-5/4) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2).

Max. h 4.3 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 1.2 cm. Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions. 185- (No. 771): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 107/185. Max. h 5.7 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. White (10YR 8/1) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on upper interior. Pink (5YR 7/4) slip

Similar decorations: Guldager Bilde 2010, p. 276, pl. 169, nos. F-6 and F-8-9. 12 Ferrazzoli 2013, pp. 2-3, pl. 1; and Kenrick 2013, p. 17, figs. 3-4. 11

58

Hellenistic Ceramics Some relief ware examples were also collected in the BIAA surveys of Inner Paphlagonia;13 these finds differ, though. This bowl type could be dated into 2nd-1st cent. BC.

Body Fragments of Open Forms

Open Forms

Some of them could be tablewares.

(pl. 6, nos. 188-201; pl. 108, nos. 188-201)

191- (No. 1026): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 108/191.

(pl. 6, nos. 196-201; pl. 108, nos. 191-201)

Rim Fragments of a Bowl Form

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

(pl. 6, nos. 188-190; pl. 108, nos. 188-190)

Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional small grit inclusions.

188- (No. 1091): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 6/188 and pl. 108/188. Max. h 4.7 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

192- (No. 1030): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 108/192.

Everted rim; horizontal leaf-decoration. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with some lime and rare small grit inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Two pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) bands on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with some tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 189- (No. 1090): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 6/189 and pl. 108/189.

193- (No. 1027): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 108/193.

Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 14.8 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Everted rim with a band of egg-and-dart pattern on its lower part.14

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime and sand as well as rare mica inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6) matt slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

194- (No. 1054): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 108/194.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

190- (No. 1283): Rim fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis I, found in 2005. pl. 6/190 and pl. 108/190.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.2 cm., d of rim 15.4 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

195- (No. 1017): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 108/195.

Everted rim.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) matt, thick slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. A pink (5YR 7/3) band on exterior rim. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6), thin slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

196- (No. 1019): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 6/196 and pl. 108/196.

13 14

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 220, fig. 6.104, nos. 11-14. A similar decoration: Rotroff 1982, p. 48, pls. 6 and 73, no. 34.

59

Hadrianopolis III

188

189

190

197

196

198

201

199 200

0

5 cm

Plate 6, nos. 188-201: Hellenistic relief ware; nos. 188-190: Rim fragments of a bowl form; and nos. 196-201: Body fragments of open forms.

197- (No. 921): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southeastern slope, on the way to the cistern, on a rocky slope, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 6/197 and pl. 108/197.

Leaf decoration on exterior. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and light brownish grey (10YR 6/2), mottled fabric with infrequent lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. 60

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 108, nos. 188-201: Hellenistic relief ware; nos. 188-190: Rim fragments of a bowl form; and nos. 191-201: Body fragments of open forms; and nos. 202-214: Hellenistic burnished ware, rim fragments of a bowl form.

61

Hadrianopolis III Dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent tiny lime inclusions.

Paste is reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6-6/6, 5YR 6/8-6/6-7/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), pale brown (10YR 6/3), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), brown (7.5YR 5/4, 10YR 5/3), very pale brown (10YR 7/3-7/4), pink (7.5YR 7/4), light red (2.5YR 6/8), red (2.5YR 5/8), reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4).

198- (No. 1231): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 6/198 and pl. 108/198.

Hard, non-porous and well-fired paste. Bad paste became mottled in grey (7.5YR 6/1), dark grey (7.5YR 4/1) and black (2.5Y 2.5/1). Inclusions are sand, mica, small grit, grog and tiny lime; some of the fragments are without any inclusions. Their thickness differ between 0.5-1.0 cm. Thin slip mostly in the same colour of paste, ranging from very pale brown (10YR 8/2-8/3-8/4-7/3-7/4) to reddish yellow (5YR 6/6, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), pink (7.5YR 7/4-7/3-8/4, 5YR 7/4), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), pale brown (10YR 6/3), light grey (10YR 7/2), reddish brown (5YR 5/4), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) and red (2.5YR 5/6). Slip was applied on light coloured-paste. Most of them have no decoration, except no. 250 on pl. 110 whose exterior has an incised linear decoration. Frequently burnished surface and wheel-marks on exterior.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Leaf decoration on exterior. Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, sparsely porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with rare sand and frequent tiny lime inclusions. 199- (No. 1001): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 6/199 and pl. 108/199. Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Raised pattern of rays spreading vertically from bottom of the bowl. Each ray consists of one lines. In the space between the rays, series of raised dots were set in vertical rows.

There are 60 fragments in total; 48 of them belong to the open and 12 to the closed forms. 34 fragments were found at Kepez and 11 on the southern slope of acropolis at Kimistene.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with rare quartz and a little mica inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. Open Forms

200- (No. 1003): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 6/200 and pl. 108/200.

(pls. 7-9, nos. 202-242; pls. 108-110, nos. 202-249)

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Rim Fragments of a Bowl Form

Red (2.5YR 5/6), thin slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent tiny lime inclusions.

(pls. 7-8, nos. 202-220; pls. 108-109, nos. 202-220) Incurved and rounded rim bowls of the Hellenistic period are the most significant surface finds in southwestern Paphlagonia as well as in all Paphlagonia. At the field surveys at Devrek, c. 125 km northwest of Eskipazar, for example, similar incurved rim bowl fragments dated to the Late Hellenistic period were collected.15 The incurving rim bowls are one of the most common shape at almost all of the major published Hellenistic sites in the eastern Mediterranean: They are the most common and most widely distributed shape at Gordium16 and elsewhere.17 At the Aphrodisias Regional Survey similar echinus bowl forms are dated to the Late Hellenistic/Augustan-Early Imperial periods.18

201- (No. 1006): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 6/201 and pl. 108/201. Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; its upper part has a very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions. 4- Hellenistic Burnished Ware (pls. 7-9, nos. 202-256; pls. 108-110, nos. 202-261) Major forms of this ware are incurved rim bowls and fish plates. These are the imitations of some major Hellenistic forms of western Asia Minor.

Doksanaltı and Karauğuz 2012, p. 61, fig. 6, no. 32. These examples have a semi-lustrous reddish brown slip which is also a part of the Hellenistic tradition. 16 Stewart 2010, pp. 195-196, figs. 218-222, nos. 226-281. 17 Meriç 2002, pl. 1, nos. K 1-12; and Abadie-Reynal 2003, pp. 102-103, pl. LXXI, no. 3. 18 De Staebler 2012, p. 72, form VI-9: cf. fig. 6, nos. 5-10. 15

62

Hellenistic Ceramics Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

Their size differs between medium (12.8-14 cm.) and large (14.2-30.8 cm.) dimensions. They have a thin slip; on their interior and exterior faces wheel-marks are very distinctive. Typologically two subgroups of these bowls have been identified: closed rim bowls and simple rim bowls. These bowls might have contained a variety of foods including soups, stews and mashes, as well as side dishes of fruits and nuts;19 they could basically be grave goods, too.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 206- (No. 991): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/206 and pl. 108/206.

202- (No. 1094): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/202 and pl. 108/202.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 1.6 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Interior surface is burnished.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior and interior; painted in light red (2.5YR 6/6) on the rim. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and large grit inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

203- (No. 1079): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/203 and pl. 108/203.

207- (No. 1180): Rim fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 7/207 and pl. 108/207.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. All of surface is burnished.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 12.8 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and some sand inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

204- (No. 1085): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/204 and pl. 108/204.

208- (No. 1224): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 7/208 and pl. 108/208.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of rim 13.6 cm., max. w 7.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Exterior surface and interior rim are burnished. Light grey (10YR 7/2) slip on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip on interior rim. Hard, thin, non-porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2), mottled fabric with some mica inclusions.

Exterior is burnished. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

205- (No. 1218): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 108/205.

209- (No. 1220): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 7/209 and pl. 108/209.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 14.0 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

All of surface is burnished.

As inclusion medium calsite on exterior. 19

Stewart 2010, p. 196.

63

Hadrianopolis III

202

203

204

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

0

Plate 7, nos. 202-215: Hellenistic burnished ware, rim fragments of a bowl form.

64

5 cm

Hellenistic Ceramics Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with frequent mica and some sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

210- (No. 692): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 7/210 and pl. 108/210.

214- (No. 1221): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 7/214 and pl. 108/214.

Max. h 3.0 cm., d of rim 14.2 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 17.6 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

All of surface is burnished.

Exterior rim and interior surface are burnished.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with rare sand and lime inclusions.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip both on exterior rim and interior. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on lower of the exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

211- (No. 1078): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/211 and pl. 108/211.

215- (No. 399): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, below the temple’s terrace, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 7/215 and pl. 109/215.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 15.0 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 18.4 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent lime and rare sand inclusions.

Interior surface is burnished. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent lime and sand as well as rare mica inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 212- (No. 1068): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/212 and pl. 108/212.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 3.8 cm., d of rim 16.2 cm., max. w 9.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

216- (No. 1082): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 8/216 and pl. 109/216.

Exterior is burnished.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of rim 19.0 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior and interior of the rim. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface on lower part of the interior. Average hardness; thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent lime and rare small grit inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip both on exterior and interior rim. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface on lower part of the interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 213- (No. 1070): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/213 and pl. 108/213.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 217- (No. 1277): Rim fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 8/217 and pl. 109/217.

Max. h 3.1 cm., d of rim 17.0 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Thick wheel-marks. Exterior is burnished.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 21.0 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. 65

Hadrianopolis III

216

217

218

219

220

222

223

225

228 226

0

230

5 cm

Plate 8, nos. 216-230: Hellenistic burnished ware; nos. 216-220: Rim fragments of a bowl form; nos. 222-228: Other rim fragments; and no. 230: A base fragment of an open form.

66

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 109, nos. 215-233: Hellenistic burnished ware; nos. 215-220: Rim fragments of a bowl form; nos. 221-228: Other rim fragments; and nos. 229-233: Base fragments of open forms.

67

Hadrianopolis III Exterior is burnished.

at Oluz Höyük and Kaman Kalehöyük, these carinated bowl forms were classified as “Achaemenid”.20 However, in southwestern Paphlagonia these vessel forms cannot be assigned to any further subdivision.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6-5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with rare grog and sand as well as tiny lime inclusions.

221- (No. 801): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 109/221.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 218- (No. 1394): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 8/218 and pl. 109/218.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 5.2 cm., d of rim 25.0 cm., max. w 7.6 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) slip on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with frequent sand and some small grit inclusions.

All of surface is burnished.

Exterior is burnished.

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, nonporous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

222- (No. 500): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 8/222 and pl. 109/222.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 219- (No. 1214): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 8/219 and pl. 109/219.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 6.8 cm., d of rim 25.2 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with some sand inclusions.

All of surface is burnished.

Exterior is burnished.

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

Light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with infrequent lime and small grit inclusions.

223- (No. 862): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area with a bucranium altar, found in 2005. pl. 8/223 and pl. 109/223.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 220- (No. 1077): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 7/220 and pl. 109/220.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Everted rim. All of surface is burnished.

Max. h 3.4 cm., d of rim 30.8 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Pink (5YR 7/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Soft, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent sand inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some medium grit and lime inclusions.

3rd-2nd cent. BC. 224- (No. 1299): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis,

2nd-1st cent. BC. Other Rim Fragments (pl. 8, nos. 222-228; pl. 109, nos. 221-228)

A similar bowl sherd with the same slip was found in the second building layer of Oluz Höyük, dated into 4th-3rd cent. BC.: Dönmez 2013, p. 107, figs. 35a-c and 36a-b (= Dönmez 2015, p. 262, figs. 1516). These sherds with dark red slip attract attention with their “s”-shaped profiles, resembling Achaemenid bowls. Close parallels of these bowls were documented at Maşat Höyük and Kuşaklı, both in Central Anatolia. 20

Some shapes imitating metalware, such as carinated and ledge rim bowls, were popular. Most of them are burnished and undecorated. In some other excavated sites, such as 68

Hellenistic Ceramics 228- (No. 1457): Rim fragment; uncertain. pl. 8/228 and pl. 109/228.

temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 109/224.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Rim with carination. All of surface is burnished.

All of surface is burnished.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, brown (10YR 5/3) fabric with occasional sand and grog inclusions.

Light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, pale brown (10YR 6/3) and black (2.5Y 2.5/1), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

Base Fragments of Open Forms

225- (No. 955): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 8/225 and pl. 109/225.

(pls. 8-9, nos. 230-233; pl. 109, nos. 229-233)

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

229- (No. 1165): Base fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 109/229.

Foots with high-ring profiles.

Everted rim. Exterior is burnished. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and grey (7.5YR 6/1), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and some sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 7.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime and rare small grit inclusions.

3rd-2nd cent. BC. 226- (No. 517): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 8/226 and pl. 109/226.

230- (No. 1158): Base fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 8/230 and pl. 109/230.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Max. h 3.7 cm., d of base 6.4 cm., max. w 11.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Knobbed rim. All of surface is burnished.

Surface is smoothed on the exterior.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with some sand inclusions.

A red (2.5YR 5/6), thin slip on the exterior. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent lime and some small grit inclusions.

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

231- (No. 988): Base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 9/231 and pl. 109/231.

227- (No. 1075): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 109/227.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of base 6.8 cm., max. w 6.9 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Exterior is burnished.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4) thin slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. It is burnished on the middle of interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, very sparsely porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

232- (No. 1322): Base fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 9/232 and pl. 109/232.

3rd-2nd cent. BC.

69

Hadrianopolis III

231

232

233

242

250

251

252

253

254

255

0

256

5 cm

Plate 9, nos. 231-256: Hellenistic burnished ware; nos. 231-233: Base fragments of open forms; no. 242: A body fragment of an open form; no. 250: A body fragment of a rhyton; nos. 251-255: Base fragments of closed forms; and no. 256: A handle fragment of a closed form.

70

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 110, nos. 234-261: Hellenistic burnished ware; nos. 234-249: Body fragments of open forms; no. 250: A body fragment of a rhyton; nos. 251-255: Base fragments of closed forms; no. 256: A handle fragment of a closed form; and nos. 257-261: Body fragments of closed forms.

71

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 2.8 cm., d of base 7.4 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on upper exterior. Its lower part has a pink (7.5YR 7/4) unslipped surface. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

Interior surface is burnished. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

237- (No. 1024): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/237. Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

233- (No. 466): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 9/233 and pl. 109/233.

All of surface is burnished. Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) thin slip on interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of base 7.6 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

238- (No. 841): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 110/238.

Interior surface is burnished. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

(pl. 9, no. 242; pl. 110, nos. 234-249)

Pink (7.5YR 7/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and brown (7.5YR 5/2), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

Mostly with no decoration, whereas some examples were burnished on their interior surface.

239- (No. 1036): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/239.

234- (No. 1193): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/234.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Body Fragments of Open Forms

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) thin slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent mica and rare sand inclusions.

240- (No. 759): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 110/240.

235- (No. 1057): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/235.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

241- (No. 1028): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/241.

236- (No. 1058): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/236.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. All of surface is burnished.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Upper exterior is burnished.

72

Hellenistic Ceramics 242- (No. 814): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 9/242 and pl. 110/242.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Exterior is burnished.

Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some sand inclusions.

248- (No. 1166): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/248.

243- (No. 1160): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/243.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) thin slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior. The connecting area of its base and belly is burnished and slipped on the exterior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

249- (No. 1168): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/249. Max. h 4.3 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

244- (No. 436): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 110/244.

Exterior is burnished. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. All of surface is burnished.

Closed Forms

Pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, brown (10YR 5/3) and greyish brown (10YR 5/2), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pl. 9, nos. 250-256; pl. 110, nos. 250-261) A Body Fragment of a Rhyton

245- (No. 995): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/245.

(pl. 9, no. 250; pl. 110, no. 250) Incised linear decoration on exterior.

Max. h 3.9 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

250- (No. 1170): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 9/250 and pl. 110/250.

Light grey (10YR 7/2) thin slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, greyish brown (10YR 5/2) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 6.4 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

246- (No. 1013): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/246.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with occasional tiny lime and frequent sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Interior surface is burnished.

Base Fragments of Closed Forms

Very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pl. 9, nos. 251-255; pl. 110, nos. 251-255) Foots with high-ring profiles; some of them were burnished.

247- (No. 1173): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/247.

251- (No. 1197): Base fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 9/251 and pl. 110/251. 73

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 1.1 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare lime and infrequent sand inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 8/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and rare tiny lime inclusions.

A Handle Fragment of a Closed Form (pl. 9, no. 256; pl. 110, no. 256)

252- (No. 1396): Base fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 9/252 and pl. 110/252.

Exterior is burnished. 256- (No. 709): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, eastern slope, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 9/256 and pl. 110/256.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of rim 6.4 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 1.6 cm.

Exterior is burnished.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with rare small grit inclusions.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms

253- (No. 1109): Base fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 9/253 and pl. 110/253.

(pl. 110, nos. 257-261) All of them have a thin slip. Nos. 259-260 on pl. 110 are burnished on exterior surface.

Max. h 1.0 cm., d of rim 9.4 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

257- (No. 1236): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/257.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/8) and light brown (7.5YR 6/3), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and occasional sand inclusions.

254- (No. 503): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 9/254 and pl. 110/254.

258- (No. 1181): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/258.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 11.6 cm., max. w 7.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Exterior is burnished.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and rare small grit inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions. 255- (No. 665): Base fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 9/255 and pl. 110/255.

259- (No. 1232): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 110/259. Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 6.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 12.0 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare mica and sand inclusions.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on exterior. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on the exterior of the connecting area between base and belly. It is also burnished. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior.

74

Hellenistic Ceramics 260- (No. 1172): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/260. Max. h 5.5 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip both on exterior and interior neck. Other parts of interior have a very pale brown (10YR 7/4) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with some sand inclusions. 261- (No. 1161): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 110/261. Max. h 5.0 cm., max. w 5.6 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fabric with infrequent sand and some tiny lime inclusions. 5- Red-Painted Kepez Group (pls. 10-16, nos. 262-394; pls. 111-115, nos. 262-394) Figs. 9–10: Two Hellenistic sherds from the BIAA surveys at Salman, in the province of Çankırı.

During the pre-Roman period there were likely numerous local workshops of painted pottery in northern and central Asia Minor. We have discovered a further unique and homogeneous group of pottery in a Hellenistic cemetery site called Kepez, c. 12 km southeast of Hadrianopolis. In any case this is a minor local group and could be assigned to southwestern Paphlagonia. Our Kepez group consists mostly of small sherds which have frequently one or two red or brownish bands in the interior and thin bands around the rim. Especially on the shoulders and interior faces this type of decoration had been applied by means of a compass. The most popular form of the Kepez group is hemispherical bowls with thin walls and smoothed surface that were partially slipped. Some of them are incurved rim bowls (cf. pls. 10-11, nos. 278 and 284) with a thickness of 0.4-1.0 cm.; fish plates with downturned rims (pls. 13-14, nos. 308 and 313) are also attested. No. 274 on pl. 10 is a hemispherical form with two grooves on the exterior of its rim. Most of the sherds are base and rim fragments.

a pinkish buff fabric with a buff slip and their decoration patterns were applied in black, red, brown and other tones on a white ground.23 Their paste is reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-6/8-7/6-7/8,7.5YR 6/6-7/6), light red (2.5YR 6/8-6/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/3-6/4), red (10R 5/8, 2.5YR 5/6-5/8), pink (5 YR 7/4, 7.5YR 7/3-7/4), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), very pale brown (10YR 7/3-7/4), reddish brown (5YR 4/4-5/4), brown (7.5YR 4/4-5/3-5/4), light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4). Hard paste, non-porous, with lime, sand, grit, mica, grog and tiny quartz inclusions. Some examples show no visible inclusions. The slip is red (10R 4/6-5/6-5/8, 2.5YR 4/6-4/8-5/6-5/8), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-6/8-7/6, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), very pale brown (10YR 8/2-8.5/2-8/3-8/4-7/3-7/4), pink (5YR 7/4-8/3, 7.5YR 7/4-8/3), light red (2.5YR 6/6-6/8), reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4-5/4, 5YR 4/3-5/4), weak red (10R 4/45/4), brown (7.5YR 4/2-4/3-5/4, 10YR 5/3), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), light grey (10YR 7/2) and yellow (10YR 7/6). Due to the changing fire conditions or brush use the slip colours can be changed to be mottled.

Similar examples were found at Pompeiopolis in a mixed assemblage with red-slipped ware. Finds from Pompeiopolis comprise of table vessels, mainly plates, dishes and bowls, but also of some closed shapes, most probably jugs.21 Also two similar sherds (figs. 9–10) were found in Sallar in the province of Çankırı in the course of the BIAA surveys. Some similar sherds of Hellenistic period are known from Comana Cataoniae, modern Şar, c. 195 km northeast of Adana.22 These painted sherds have 21 22

The decoration was primarily slipping, applied in bands. These decorative bands, 0.7-2.0 cm. wide, were applied

Domżalski 2011, p. 11, figs. 13-14a-b. Körsulu 2014, p. 92, figs. 9-10, 14-16, 23 and 25-26.

Körsulu 2014, p. 92. The author associates the Hellenistic surface finds from Comana Cataoniae with the pottery traditions of Central Anatolia. 23

75

Hadrianopolis III

262

263

265

264

266

268

267

270

269

271 272

274

275

276

277

278

0

Plate 10, nos. 262-278: Red-painted Kepez group, rim fragments of bowl form 1.

76

5 cm

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 111, nos. 262-294: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 262-284: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; and nos. 285-294: Rim fragments of bowl form 2.

77

Hadrianopolis III in red (10R 5/8-5/6, 2.5YR 4/6-5/6-5/8), pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2, 5YR 8/2), weak red (7.5R 4/4, 10R 5/4-4/2, 2.5YR 4/2), light red (2.5YR 6/6-6/8), reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4-4/3, 5YR 5/4-4/4-4/3), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6, 7.5YR 7/6-7/8-6/6), dusky red (2.5YR 3/2), very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1), very pale brown (10YR 8/2), black (5YR 2.5/1, 7.5YR 2.5/1), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2), light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) and white (5YR 8/1).

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

134 sherds in total belong to this group. 112 fragments are from open forms and 22 from closed forms. 90 of them were found at Kepez and 30 of them were from the southern slope of the acropolis at Kimistene. This local ware could be associated with the Hellenistic burial traditions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) fabric with rare mica and lime inclusions. 2nd-1st cent. BC. 264- (No. 1062): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 10/264 and pl. 111/264.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Painted in weak red (10R 5/4) on exterior rim; its lower part has a pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Open Forms

2nd-1st cent. BC.

(pls. 10-15, nos. 262-372; pls. 111-114, nos. 262-372)

265- (No. 1086): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 10/265 and pl. 111/265.

Bowl Form 1

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

(pls. 10-11, nos. 262-284; pl. 111, nos. 262-284)

Painted in light red (2.5YR 6/6) on exterior rim; its lower part has a pink (7.5YR 7/4) unslipped surface. Painted in red (2.5YR 5/6) on interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime as well as mica inclusions.

This bowl type is an incurved rim bowl with a deep interior and a ring or flat ring foot.24 Most of them were decorated with red and red-brown bands. Their rim parts were painted in red with brush. These thin bands continue also in the vessels itself. Some of them do not have any slip on their bottom part. Their surfaces are matt. Their dimensions differ between 12.0 and 27.2 cm. In some examples there are two grooves on the upper exterior just below the rim. Similar bowl sherds from Comana Cataoniae are dated to the 3rd-1st cent. BC.25

2nd-1st cent. BC. 266- (No. 885): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 10/266 and pl. 111/266.

262- (No. 586): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 10/262 and pl. 111/262.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Painted in yellowish red (5YR 5/6) on exterior rim; its lower part is very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and unslipped. Painted in light red (2.5YR 6/6) on interior rim; its lower part is pink (7.5YR 7/3) and unslipped. Hard, thin, nonporous, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) and grey (10YR 5/1), mottled fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.2 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Painted in red (10R 5/8) both on exterior and interior rim; their lower parts have a light red (2.5YR 6/6) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some mica inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 267- (No. 953): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 10/267 and pl. 111/267.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 263- (No. 1105): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 10/263 and pl. 111/263.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Two shallow grooves enclose all of exterior rim.

Similar rim forms of food serving vessels were documented in the deposits at Classical/Hellenistic level of Düzen Tepe: Poblome et al. 2013, p. 201, fig. 5, no. 3. 25 Körsulu 2011, pp. 296-300, figs. XI-XII, nos. 1-9. 24

Painted in reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) both on exterior rim and interior rim. Their lower parts have a pink (7.5YR 7/4) 78

Hellenistic Ceramics unslipped surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 272- (No. 966): Rim fragment; Kimistene, the surface find of the cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 10/272 and pl. 111/272.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 268- (No. 1190): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 10/268 and pl. 111/268.

Max. h 4.2 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Interior surface is burnished.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Painted red (2.5YR 5/6) band on exterior rim and interior rim; their lower parts have a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip. Average hardness; thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Painted in reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) on exterior rim; its lower part is reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) and unslipped. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip on interior. It is burnished on interior surface. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 273- (No. 999): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 111/273.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 269- (No. 802): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 10/269 and pl. 111/269.

Max. h 4.6 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Painted red (2.5YR 5/6) band both on exterior and interior rim. Their lower parts have a reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) unslipped surface. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some small lime and small grit inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Painted in light red (2.5YR 6/6) both on exterior rim and interior. Lower part of the exterior has a pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface that is also burnished. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with occasional tiny lime and sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

274- (No. 1071): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 10/274 and pl. 111/274.

270- (No. 1093): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 10/270 and pl. 111/270.

Max. h 4.1 cm., d of rim 12.0 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Two shallow grooves enclose all of the exterior rim.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior rim. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on lower part of the interior. Reddish brown (5YR 4/3) band on middle of interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior rim. Its lower part has a very pale brown (10YR 7/4) unslipped interior and interior surface. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions and with traces of mica.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

271- (No. 645): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 10/271 and pl. 111/271

275- (No. 852): Rim fragment; Kimistene, found in 2005. pl. 10/275 and pl. 111/275. Max. h 2.1 cm., d of rim 12.8 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Exterior is burnished.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Painted in red (2.5YR 5/8) both on exterior rim and interior rim. Their lower parts have a reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

79

Hadrianopolis III 276- (No. 1227): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 10/276 and pl. 111/276.

280- (No. 838): Rim fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 11/280 and pl. 111/280.

Max. h 4.0 cm., d of rim 13.2 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of rim 16.4 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Painted in red (2.5YR 5/6) both on exterior rim and interior rim. Their lower parts have a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), thin slip. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional sand and mica as well as some tiny lime inclusions.

All of the surface is burnished.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

277- (No. 1217): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 10/277 and pl. 111/277.

281- (No. 1069): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 11/281 and pl. 111/281.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.8 cm., d of rim 16.6 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 4.0 cm., d of rim 14.0 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Exterior is burnished.

Painted in red (2.5YR 5/6) both on exterior rim and interior. Its lower part has a very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior that is also burnished. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior rim. Their lower parts have a yellow (10YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

278- (No. 1095): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 10/278 and pl. 111/278.

282- (No. 1106): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 11/282 and pl. 111/282.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of rim 14.2 cm., max. w 6.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of rim 17.0 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Incurved rim.

Exterior surface and interior rim are burnished.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/2) mottled slip on exterior; brown (10YR 5/3) and yellow (10YR 7/6) mottled slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fabric with occasional sand and lime inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) slip both on exterior and interior rim. Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

279- (No. 1412): Rim fragment; Kepez, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 11/279 and pl. 111/279.

283- (No. 1369): Rim fragment; Kepez, necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 11/283 and pl. 111/283.

Max. h 3.0 cm., d of rim 15.2 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of rim 17.2 cm., max. w 6.0 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior rim; its lower part a has a pink (7.5YR 7/4) unslipped surface. Same colour as in the interior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and frequent lime inclusions.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface on exterior; pale brown (10YR 6/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some medium grit and rare tiny lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 80

Hellenistic Ceramics 284- (No. 1204): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 11/284 and pl. 111/284.

287- (No. 581): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 111/287.

Max. h 3.4 cm., d of rim 27.2 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Painted in reddish brown (5YR 5/4) on exterior rim; its lower part has a light brown (7.5YR 6/4) unslipped surface. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip on lower part of the interior. This part is burnished. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime and infrequent medium grit inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) shiny slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

288- (No. 582): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 111/288.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Bowl Form 2 (pls. 11-12, nos. 286-300; pls. 111-112, nos. 285-300)

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

This is an everted rim bowl shape perhaps with a hemispherical body and thin or medium walls. At Gordium four similar drinking vessels have been classified as “hemispherical bowls” and “local variants”.26 Similar rim forms of this probably drinking cup form was found at various deposits in Sagalassus, such as at the Hellenistic Odeon, Apollo Clarius Temple, the Upper Agora, the Northern Terrace of the Upper Agora and the Theatre Street West-5.27

Weak red (10R 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions. 2nd-1st cent. BC. 289- (No. 685): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 111/289.

285- (No. 1061): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 111/285. Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of base 7.8 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) thin slip both on exterior and interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with rare quartz inclusions.

Red (10R 4/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fabric with frequent mica and some lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

286- (No. 1195): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 11/286 and pl. 111/286.

290- (No. 1099): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 11/290 and pl. 111/290. Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Painted in red (10R 5/8) both on exterior and interior rim. Its lower part has a reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with rare sand inclusions. 2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 291- (No. 1087): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 11/291 and pl. 111/291.

Stewart 2010, p. 206, fig. 236, nos. 371-374. Poblome et al. 2013, p. 199, fig. 5, no. 1; as well as Van der Enden, Poblome and Bes 2014, pp. 85-86, fig. 4: These shapes were interpreted as “Hellenistic mastoi, made at Sagalassus”, and dated to the end of the 1st cent. BC.-early 1st cent. AD. 26

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

27

81

Hadrianopolis III

279

280

281

282

283

284

286

290

291

294

292 293

0

5 cm

295

Plate 11, nos. 279-295: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 279-284: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; and nos. 286-295: Rim fragments of bowl form 2.

82

Hellenistic Ceramics

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

0

5 cm

Plate 12, nos. 296-303: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 296-300: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; and nos. 301-303: Rim fragments of dish form 1.

83

Hadrianopolis III

304 305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

0

5 cm

Plate 13, nos. 304-312: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 304-305: Rim fragments of dish form 2; nos. 306-309: Rim fragments of plate forms; and nos. 310-312: Base fragments of open forms.

84

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 112, nos. 295-314: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 295-300: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; nos. 301-303: Rim fragments of dish form 1; nos. 304-305: Rim fragments of dish form 2; nos. 306-309: Rim fragments of plate forms; and nos. 310-314: Base fragments of open forms.

85

Hadrianopolis III Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

296- (No. 1111): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 12/296 and pl. 112/296.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of rim 13.4 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

292- (No. 1020): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 11/292 and pl. 111/292.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light reddish brown (10YR 6/4) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with some tiny lime and occasional sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 297- (No. 1206): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 12/297 and pl. 112/297.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 2.3 cm., d of rim 14.0 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

293- (No. 1188): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 11/293 and pl. 111/293.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 298- (No. 796): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 12/298 and pl. 112/298.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 294- (No. 1128): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 11/294 and pl. 111/294.

Max. h 3.8 cm., d of rim 14.8 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Painted in red (2.5YR 5/6) both on exterior rim and interior rim. Their lower parts have a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

Painted in red (10R 5/8) both on exterior rim and interior rim. Their lower parts have a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 299- (No. 1159): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 12/299 and pl. 112/299.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 295- (No. 1015): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 11/295 and pl. 112/295.

Max. h 7.3 cm., d of rim 15.2 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 5.5 cm., d of rim 13.0 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) and red (2.5YR 5/8) mottled slip on the exterior. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on the interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent small grit and lime inclusions.

Brown (7.5YR 4/3) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) mottled slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) band on interior rim. Its lower part has a pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with infrequent sand and rare lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

86

Hellenistic Ceramics 300- (No. 1112): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 12/300 and pl. 112/300.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 16.0 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

(pl. 13, nos. 304-305; pl. 112, nos. 304-305)

Dish Form 2

Represented with two rounded lips. They likely had a straight edge and shallow surface. Their exterior is slipped with light colours.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) thin slip both on exterior and interior. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) band on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

304- (No. 1100): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 13/304 and pl. 112/304.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Dish Form 1

Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip both on exterior and interior; painted in red (2.5YR 5/6) on interior slip. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

(pl. 12, nos. 301-303; pl. 112, nos. 301-303) Represented with a rounded rim of a deep dish form. 301- (No. 1000): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 12/301 and pl. 112/301.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 305- (No. 1107): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 13/305 and pl. 112/305.

Max. h 5.4 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Two parallel horizontal bands are very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1). There is a red (2.5YR 5/6) horizontal band between two bands on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with rare mica and sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Exterior is burnished. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip both on exterior and lower part of the interior; painted in red (2.5YR 5/6) on interior rim. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 302- (No. 936): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 12/302 and pl. 112/302.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of rim 19.2 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

(pl. 13, nos. 306-309; pl. 112, nos. 306-309)

Plate

These are the plate fragments with downturned rim and shallow body, similar to the shape of a fish plate, which was a fairly popular shape in the eastern Mediterranean during the Hellenistic period.28

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) painted interior rim, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some mica and tiny lime inclusions.

306- (No. 1476): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 13/306 and pl. 112/306.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 303- (No. 1092): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 12/303 and pl. 112/303.

Max. h 0.9 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of rim 21.0 cm., max. w 7.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Stewart 2010, p. 179. Shallow dishes with downturned or projecting rim are also known at Sagalassus: Poblome et al. 2013, p. 201, fig. 5, no. 5. In Sagalassus simple dishes with a downturned rim appear from the later part of the 3rd cent. BC. onwards. Dishes with downturned and projecting rims remained popular in Asia Minor throughout the Late Hellenistic period. 28

Entire surface slightly slipped. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on the exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions. 87

Hadrianopolis III characteristic of this form is a band decoration. Their measurements are similar to each other.

Pink (5YR 7/4) slip on all of its surface; painted in reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) on interior rim. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, red (2.5YR 5/6) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4), mottled fabric with rare lime inclusions.

310- (No. 1009): Base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 13/310 and pl. 112/310.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 2.1 cm., d of base 7.2 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 1.1cm.

307- (No. 1336): Rim fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 13/307 and pl. 112/307. Max. h 1.7 cm., d of rim 18.0 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Pink (5YR 7/4) thin slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some small sand and frequent lime inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) shiny slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

311- (No. 1157): Base fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 13/311 and pl. 112/311.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of base 6.0 cm., max. w 7.0 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

308- (No. 1088): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 13/308 and pl. 112/308.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface on interior. There is a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) concentric band on interior surface. Hard, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.3 cm., d of rim 18.0 cm., max. w 7.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Its rim curves downward.29

312- (No. 1016): Base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 13/312 and pl. 112/312.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) thin slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) band on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with some sand and lime as well as a little mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of base 10.8 cm., max. w 6.4 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/4), unslipped surface on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 309- (No. 1081): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 13/309 and pl. 112/309.

313- (No. 1198): Base fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 14/313 and pl. 112/313.

Max. h 0.9 cm., d of rim 23.0 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 9.0 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

A downturned rim shape.30

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on the centre of the bottom. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) on interior surface. A red (2.5YR 5/8) and dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) mottled-painted concentric band on interior surface. Stripes caused by careless workmanship. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with frequent mica and grit inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions. 2nd-1st cent. BC. Base Fragments of Open Forms

314- (No. 829): Base fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 14/314 and pl. 112/314.

(pls. 13-14, nos. 310-314; pl. 112, nos. 310-314) Their forms cannot be assigned; most of them were likely, however, belonging to bowls. The most important

Max. h 6.0 cm., d of base 9.8 cm., max. w 9.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) thin slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Weak red (7.5R 4/4) on the

A similar example: Stewart 2010, p. 203, fig. 232, n. 356 (Middle Hellenistic). 30 Körsulu 2014, p. 112, figs. 43-46. 29

88

Hellenistic Ceramics centre of the bottom; two concentric bands in dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) and painted in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with occasional tiny lime and a little mica inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 7/87.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions. 320- (No. 1050): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/320.

Body Fragments of Open Forms

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

(pls. 14-15, nos. 328-372; pls. 113-114, nos. 315-372)

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) mottled slip on exterior. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Two bands in pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) on exterior slip. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

They had a very limited repertory of form shapes. 315- (No. 1064): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/315.

321- (No. 1241): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/321.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny sand and rare mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) shiny slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare mica inclusions.

316- (No. 1063): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/316.

322- (No. 1035): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/322.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

317- (No. 1189): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 113/317.

323- (No. 1025): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/323.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8.5/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A band in reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) on exterior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

318- (No. 1243): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/318.

324- (No. 1022): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/324.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on lower part of the exterior. A painted band in reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) both on upper exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

319- (No. 1192): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 113/319.

325- (No. 1148): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, first slope on the north, found in 2005. pl. 113/325.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

89

Hadrianopolis III

313

314

353 330

328

354

0

5 cm

360

357

Plate 14, nos. 313-360: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 313-314: Base fragments of open forms; and nos. 328-360: Body fragments of open forms.

90

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 113, nos. 315-357: Red-painted Kepez group, body fragments of open forms.

91

Hadrianopolis III Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions. 331- (No. 1056): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/331.

326- (No. 1021): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/326.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with occasional lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

332- (No. 1032): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/332.

327- (No. 1184): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 113/327.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. A band in red (2.5YR 5/6) on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Interior surface is burnished. Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

333- (No. 1238): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/333.

328- (No. 1053): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 14/328 and pl. 113/328.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) and yellow (10YR 7/6) mottled slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare mica and quartz as well as sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Three bands in red (2.5YR 5/6) on upper exterior and upper interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

334- (No. 1176): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 113/334.

329- (No. 1029): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/329.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. A band in red (2.5YR 5/8) on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Shiny red (2.5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior; its lower part has a reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with rare lime inclusions.

335- (No. 518): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/335.

330- (No. 1040): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 14/330 and pl. 113/330.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Exterior is burnished. Painted in light red (2.5YR 6/8) on upper exterior; its lower part is slipped in reddish yellow (5YR 7/6). Painted in light red (2.5YR 6/6) on upper interior; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) band on interior slip. Its lower part has a very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard,

336- (No. 1045): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/336. Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. 92

Hellenistic Ceramics 342- (No. 511): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/342.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) thin slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions. 337- (No. 1034): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/337.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Shiny red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; matt weak red (10R 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Interior surface is burnished. Reddish brown (5YR 5/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with rare small grit and lime inclusions.

343- (No. 1234): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/343.

338- (No. 611): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/338.

Interior surface is burnished.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Grey (7.5YR 5/1), unslipped surface on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. A band in reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) on interior slip. Average hardness; thin, sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 5/3) fabric with some sand and occasional mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4) thin slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

344- (No. 764): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/344.

339- (No. 813): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 113/339.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Exterior is burnished. All of surface is thinly slipped.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with infrequent tiny lime and mica inclusions.

340- (No. 1127): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 113/340.

345- (No. 513): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/345.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with occasional lime and rare sand inclusions.

Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

341- (No. 1475): Body fragment; Kepez, in a disturbed grave assemblage, found in 2005. pl. 113/341.

346- (No. 1187): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 113/346.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. A band in light red (2.5YR 6/8) on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4), mottled fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Two painted thin bands in reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/8). Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

93

Hadrianopolis III 347- (No. 1018): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/347.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.7 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; painted in red (2.5YR 4/6) on exterior slip, red (10R 4/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

353- (No. 1179): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 14/353 and pl. 113/353.

348- (No. 490): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/348.

Exterior is burnished.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on interior. A painted band in dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) on lower part of the exterior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and occasional sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Exterior is burnished. Light grey (10YR 7/2) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

354- (No. 1005): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 14/354 and pl. 113/354.

349- (No. 1031): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/349.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. A painted band in reddish brown (5YR 5/4) in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with infrequent tiny grog and lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; weak red (10R 4/4) slip on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

355- (No. 1185): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 113/355.

350- (No. 1467): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/350.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare mica and some sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare mica inclusions.

356- (No. 1324): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 113/356.

351- (No. 504): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 113/351.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional sand and rare mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

357- (No. 668): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 14/357 and pl. 113/357.

352- (No. 1014): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 113/352.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. 94

Hellenistic Ceramics All of surface is burnished.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Interior surface separated by a painted band in light red (2.5YR 6/6). Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny sand and lime inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. A painted band in reddish brown (5YR 5/4) on interior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and mica inclusions.

363- (No. 1183): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 15/363 and pl. 114/363.

358- (No. 1131): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 114/358.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Light red (2.5YR 7/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Surface is thinly slipped. Two painted bands in red (2.5YR 5/8) in interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent sand and mica inclusions.

Max. h 3.7 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

364- (No. 1368): Body fragment; Kepez, necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 114/364.

359- (No. 1175): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 114/359.

Max. h 5.2 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

All of surface is burnished.

365- (No. 1043): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/365 and pl. 114/365.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 5.2 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

360- (No. 1010): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 14/360 and pl. 114/360.

Interior surface is burnished.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light grey (10YR 7/2) slip on interior. Pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) band on exterior slip. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; light grey (10YR 7/2) slip on interior. A painted band in light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) in interior, bordered with two thin bands in reddish brown (5YR 5/4). Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

366- (No. 561): Body and base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/366 and pl. 114/366.

361- (No. 484): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 114/361.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A painted concentric band in red (2.5YR 5/6) in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6), mottled fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

367- (No. 1007): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/367 and pl. 114/367.

362- (No. 1169): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 15/362 and pl. 114/362.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) thin slip both on exterior and interior. A painted band in yellowish red (5YR 5/6) on

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

95

Hadrianopolis III

365

362 363

366 368

367

369 372

371

373

375

374

376

0

5 cm

Plate 15, nos. 362-376: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 362-372: Body fragments of open forms; nos. 373-375: Rim fragments of closed forms; and no. 376: A handle fragment of a closed form;

96

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 114, nos. 358-372: Red-painted Kepez group, body fragments of open forms.

97

Hadrianopolis III interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with infrequent mica inclusions.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 6.2 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

368- (No. 1167): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 15/368 and pl. 114/368.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip both on exterior and interior. A painted concentric band in red (2.5YR 5/6) on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 6.5 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Closed Forms

Very pale brown (10YR 7/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on interior. Two painted bands in light red (2.5YR 6/8) on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and occasional small grit as well as mica inclusions.

(pls. 15-16, nos. 373-394; pl. 115, nos. 373-394)

369- (No. 998): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/369 and pl. 114/369.

Pitcher or juglet fragments with everted rims.

Rim Fragments of Closed Forms (pl. 15, nos. 373-375; pl. 115, nos. 373-375)

373- (No. 1101): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/373 and pl. 115/373.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Two bands in dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4) on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with infrequent small lime and some medium grit inclusions.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; matt reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), thin slip on interior rim. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions. 2nd-1st cent. BC.

370- (No. 760): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 114/370.

374- (No. 1002): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/374 and pl. 115/374. Max. h 4.4 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 5.5 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/4) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on interior. Painted in red (10R 5/6) on exterior rim; its lower part has a black (5YR 2.5/1), horizontal band on exterior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with rare small grog and tiny lime as well as infrequent sand inclusions.

Smoothed surface on exterior. Very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with occasional lime and sand as well as rare quartz inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

371- (No. 994): Body and base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/371 and pl. 114/371.

375- (No. 1083): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/375 and pl. 115/375.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 7.6 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 7.8 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Some grooves on exterior.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6) and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior rim. Its lower part has a pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface. A weak red (2.5YR 4/2) band on the neck. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. A painted concentric band in red (2.5YR 5/6) on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with frequent sand and some lime inclusions. 372- (No. 1393): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 15/372 and pl. 114/372.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

98

Hellenistic Ceramics Red (10R 5/8) slip on upper exterior. Its lower part has a reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional small lime inclusions.

A Handle Fragment of a Closed Form (pl. 15, no. 376; pl. 115, no. 376) Vertical handle.

381- (No. 1174): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 115/381.

376- (No. 1239): Handle fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 15/376 and pl. 115/376. Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (10R 4/6) slip on all of surface. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A painted band in pinkish white (5YR 8/2) on exterior slip. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some small grit inclusions.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms (pl. 16, nos. 384-394; pl. 115, nos. 377-394)

382- (No. 1411): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 115/382.

Body fragments of unidentified closed shapes. Their interiors are unslipped; exterior decorated mostly with bands.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

377- (No. 1042): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 115/377.

Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Two bands in weak red (10R 4/2) and white (5YR 8/1) on exterior slip. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light reddish brown (10YR 6/4), mottled fabric with some sand and rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

383- (No. 1038): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 115/383.

378- (No. 1186): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 115/378.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. 2.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. A painted band in light brown (7.5YR 6/4) on slip. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 4/4) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; light grey (10YR 7/2), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with rare mica and sand inclusions.

384- (No. 1409): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 16/384 and pl. 115/384.

379- (No. 791): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 115/379.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Shallow grooves on the neck surface.31

Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; painted in yellowish red (5YR 5/6) on exterior slip. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/3) fabric with some sand and tiny lime inclusions.

Pink (5YR 8/3) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Three bands in black (7.5YR 2.5/1) and red (2.5YR 5/6) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand and tiny lime inclusions.

380- (No. 1240): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 115/380. Stewart 2010, pp. 210-211, fig. 244, no. 392 (middle Hellenistic pitcher from Gordium). 31

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. 99

Hadrianopolis III

384

386

385

394

392

396 395

397

398

399

400

401

402

0

5 cm

Plate 16, nos. 384-394: Red-painted Kepez group, body fragments of closed forms; nos. 395-402: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman gray ware; nos. 395-397: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; nos. 398-399: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; and nos. 400-402: Rim fragments of dish form 1.

100

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 115, nos. 373-394: Red-painted Kepez group; nos. 373-375: Rim fragments of closed forms; no. 376: A handle fragment of a closed form; nos. 377-394: Body fragments of closed forms; nos. 395-401: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman gray ware; nos. 395-397: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; nos. 398-399: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; and nos. 400-401: Rim fragments of dish form 1.

101

Hadrianopolis III 390- (No. 1199): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 115/390.

385- (No. 523): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 16/385 and pl. 115/385.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Two painted bands in weak red (2.5YR 4/2) and pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) on exterior slip. Average hardness; thin, porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on upper exterior; light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Two painted bands in pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) on exterior slip. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

391- (No. 1356): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 115/391.

386- (No. 1327): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 16/386 and pl. 115/386.

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Three painted bands in dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) and pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

392- (No. 996): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 16/392 and pl. 115/392. Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

387- (No. 1468): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 115/387.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Two painted bands in reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) on exterior slip. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with some tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

393- (No. 1008): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 115/393. Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

388- (No. 1012): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 115/388.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. A painted band in reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) on exterior slip. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 5/4) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4), mottled fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.7 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

394- (No. 1163): Body fragment; Kepez, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 16/394 and pl. 115/394.

389- (No. 890): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave (cistern?), surface find, found in 2005. pl. 115/389.

Max. h 5.3 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Brown (7.5YR 4/3) shiny slip on upper exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4) matt slip on lower part of the exterior. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Three painted bands in pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) and dusky red

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) shiny slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 8/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

102

Hellenistic Ceramics (2.5YR 3/2) on exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Bowl Form 1

6- Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Grey Ware

An incurved rim bowl form.

(pls. 16-19, nos. 395-435; pls. 115-117, nos. 395-449)

395- (No. 110): Rim fragment; Bath B, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 16/395 and pl. 115/395.

(pl. 16, nos. 395-397; pl. 115, nos. 395-397)

The grey ware is very popular in central Asia Minor.32 During the Hellenistic period at Gordium, for instance, nearly 75% of the all vessel fragments are grey33 and grey vessels appear in every general functional categories. At Hadrianopolis the earliest Roman fine ware is represented by the grey ware (as well as brown-slipped ware), dated to the period between the early 1st cent. BC. and the mid 2nd cent. AD. (i.e., for proto-sigillata phase) which was almost exclusively locally produced, following the Late Iron Age (so-called “Phrygian”) tradition in production techniques as well as typology. These finds could be associated to the pre-Hadrianic site in the location of Hadrianopolis, i.e. Caesarea, in the 1st cent. BC. During the Byzantine period there is a certain grey ware tradition in the region as well. The most important difference between this later grey ware and Late Hellenistic one is speed of the pottery wheel, its traces on the surface and their fabric.

Max. h 3.7 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Dark grey (10YR 4/1) slip on exterior; very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with rare mica inclusions. Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD. 396- (No. 100): Rim fragment; Bath B, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 16/396 and pl. 115/396. Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (10YR 5/1) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

The paste of this ware is grey (10YR 5/1-6/1, 2.5Y 5/16/1, Gley 1 5/N), dark grey (10YR 4/1, 2.5Y 4/1, Gley 1 4/N), very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), greyish brown (10YR 5/2), black (Gley 1 2.5/N), bluish grey (Gley 2 5/5PB), pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4). Fine and hard paste. Bad fired examples were mottled in grey, brown or dark greyish brown. Some examples have no inclusions; some of them have mica, lime and sand in medium sizes on their surface. Its fabric is similar to the local sigillata of our study region. Their slip is close to the metallic tones, such as very dark grey (10YR 3/1, 2.5Y 3/1, Gley 1 3/N), dark grey (10YR 4/1, 2.5Y 4/1, Gley 1 4/N), grey (10YR 5/1, 2.5Y 5/1-6/1, Gley 1 6/N), black (2.5Y 2.5/1, Gley 1 2.5/N), dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2), greyish brown (10YR 5/2) and dark greyish brown (2.5Y 4/2). Their slip had been applied in dipping position and in careless manner. Their wall thickness differs between 0.3-1.4 cm. Most of the open vessels belong to a certain plate form.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD. 397- (No. 1208): Rim fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 16/397 and pl. 115/397. Max. h 2.0 cm., d of rim 14.8 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, brown (7.5YR 5/3) and greyish brown (10YR 5/2), mottled fabric with some mica inclusions. Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD. Bowl Form 2

55 sherds were collected in total; 26 of which are belonging to the open and 29 to the closed forms. Most of them were found at Hadrianopolis (22 from the domus, 10 from the Bath A, eight from the Bath B, eight from the western tomb and two from the absidal building) as well as Kimistene, Kepez and Boncuklar. This group of vessel fragments could also be associated with grave traditions.

(pl. 16, nos. 398-399; pl. 115, nos. 398-399) An everted bowl form. 398- (No. 424): Rim fragment; apsidal building, found in 2007. pl. 16/398 and pl. 115/398.

Open Forms (pls. 16-18, nos. 395-417; pls. 115-116, nos. 395-420)

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 11.0 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Warner-Slane 1997, pp. 364-366. From Aezani: Dikbaş 2002, pp. 8-9; as well as Sardis: Rotroff and Oliver 2003, pp. 31-32. 33 Stewart 2010, p. 146; and Voigt et al. 1997, pp. 18-19.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on all of the surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

32

103

Hadrianopolis III

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

0

5 cm

Plate 17, nos. 403-411: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman gray ware; no. 403: A rim fragment of dish form 1; nos. 404-408: Rim fragments of dish form 2; no. 409: A rim fragment of a plate; and nos. 410-411: Base fragments of open forms.

104

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 116, nos. 402-425: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman gray ware; nos. 402-403: Rim fragments of dish form 1; nos. 404-408: Rim fragments of dish form 2; no. 409: A rim fragment of a plate; nos. 410-417: Base fragments of open forms; nos. 418-420: Body fragments of open forms; no. 421: A rim fragment of a juglet; and nos. 422-425: Base fragments of closed forms.

105

Hadrianopolis III

412

413

414

415

416

417

421

422

423

424

425

0

5 cm

426

Plate 18, nos. 412-426: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman gray ware; nos. 412-417: Base fragments of open forms; no. 421: A rim fragment of a juglet; and nos. 422-426: Base fragments of closed forms.

106

Hellenistic Ceramics 403- (No. 251): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 17/403 and pl. 116/403.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD. 399- (No. 157): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 16/399 and pl. 115/399.

Max. h 4.4 cm., d of rim 25.0 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.1 cm., d of rim 13.4 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) slip on exterior; very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, brown (10YR 4/3) and dark grey (10YR 4/1), mottled fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) slip on upper exterior; its lower part and interior are slipped in grey (Gley 1 6/N). Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (Gley 1 5/N) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

Dish Form 2

Dish Form 1

(pl. 17, nos. 404-408; pl. 116, nos. 404-408)

(pls. 16-17, nos. 400-403; pls. 115-116, nos. 400-403)

Fragments of a downcurved rim form of a dish.

Dully slipped.

404- (No. 249): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 17/404 and pl. 116/404.

400- (No. 425): Rim fragment; apsidal building, found in 2007. pl. 16/400 and pl. 115/400. Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of rim 10.2 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 6/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

401- (No. 158): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 16/401 and pl. 115/401.

405- (No. 248): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 17/405 and pl. 116/405.

Max. h 3.4 cm., d of rim 15.5 cm., max. w 7.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 3.0 cm., d of rim 18.0 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on exterior; dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (10YR 6/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (10YR 5/1) and dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2), mottled fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD. 402- (No. 58): Rim fragment; domus, room 6, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 16/402 and pl. 116/402.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD. 406- (No. 250): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 17/406 and pl. 116/406.

Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 20.8 cm., max. w 9.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 4.2 cm., d of rim 18.4 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD. 107

Hadrianopolis III 407- (No. 354): Rim fragment; monumental tomb, found in 2007. pl. 17/407 and pl. 116/407.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (Gley 1 5/N) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 24.0 cm., max. w 6.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

411- (No. 29): Base fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, illegally excavated area, found in 2007. pl. 17/411 and pl. 116/411.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of base 10.4 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

Greyish brown (10YR 5/2) slip on exterior; grey (10YR 5/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, greyish brown (10YR 5/2) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

408- (No. 196): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 5, found in 2006. pl. 17/408 and pl. 116/408.

412- (No. 151): Base fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 18/412 and pl. 116/412.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 24.8 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of base 13.6 cm., max. w 6.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip both on the exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, bluish grey (Gley 2 5/5PB) fabric without any visible inclusions.

Grey (2.5Y 5/1) and very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) mottled slip on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime and mica inclusions.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

413- (No. 154): Base fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 18/413 and pl. 116/413.

A Rim Fragment of a Plate (pl. 17, no. 409; pl. 116, no. 409)

Max. h 1.9 cm., d of base 17.0 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

409- (No. 254): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 17/409 and pl. 116/409.

Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

414- (No. 5): Base fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 18/414 and pl. 116/414.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on interior. Mottled exterior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (10YR 5/1) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.1 cm., d of base 20.2 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Base Fragments of Open Forms (pls. 17-18, nos. 410-417; pl. 116, nos. 410-417)

415- (No. 287): Base fragment; domus, room 6, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 18/415 and pl. 116/415.

Most of them have a shallow form. Base diameters range between 10.4 and 35.6 cm. All of the bases have a flat profile. Maybe there is a correlation between the flat base profile and the diameter.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of base 21.0 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

410- (No. 216): Base fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 17/410 and pl. 116/410.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (10YR 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 0.8 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

108

Hellenistic Ceramics 416- (No. 3): Base fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 18/416 and pl. 116/416.

Closed Forms

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of base 30.6 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

A Rim Fragment of a Juglet

(pls. 18-19, nos. 421-435; pls. 116-117, nos. 421-449)

(pl. 18, no. 421; pl. 116, no. 421)

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

A juglet form with a short neck. 421- (No. 230): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 18/421 and pl. 116/421.

417- (No. 4): Base fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 18/417 and pl. 116/417.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 2.3 cm., d of base 35.6 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Early 1st cent. BC.-mid 2nd cent. AD.

Body Fragments of Open Forms

Base Fragments of Closed Forms

(pl. 116, nos. 418-420)

(pls. 18-19, nos. 422-434; pls. 116-117, nos. 422-434)

Undecorated fragments.

They belong to the smaller forms for some certain liquids. Some of them could be belonging to juglets or unguentaria. They are ring bases.

418- (No. 54): Body fragment; domus, room 6, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 116/418.

422- (No. 68): Base fragment; domus, room 6, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 18/422 and pl. 116/422.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., d of base 2.6 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

419- (No. 1378): Body fragment; Kepez, necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 116/419.

423- (No. 366): Base fragment; Bath B, room 8, illegally excavated area, found in 2007. pl. 18/423 and pl. 116/423.

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Light brownish grey (10YR 6/2), unslipped surface on exterior; black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, brown (7.5YR 5/2) and very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), mottled fabric with rare mica inclusions.

Max. h 1.8 cm., d of base 2.8 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Grey (2.5Y 6/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

420- (No. 155): Body fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 116/420.

424- (No. 90): Base fragment; Bath B, room 5, found in 2007. pl. 18/424 and pl. 116/424.

Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 7.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) and dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., d of base 3.1 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

109

Hadrianopolis III

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

0

5 cm

Plate 19, nos. 427-435: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman gray ware; nos. 427-434: Base fragments of closed forms; and no. 435: A handle fragment of a closed form.

110

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 117, nos. 426-449: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman gray ware; nos. 426-434: Base fragments of closed forms; no. 435: A handle fragment of a closed form; and nos. 436-449: Base fragments of closed forms.

111

Hadrianopolis III Grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with no visible inclusions.

porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions. 430- (No. 36): Base fragment; domus, room 6, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 19/430 and pl. 117/430.

425- (No. 241): Base fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 18/425 and pl. 116/425.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of base 3.6 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of base 3.2 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare mica inclusions.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

431- (No. 106): Base fragment; Bath B, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 19/431 and pl. 117/431.

426- (No. 92): Base fragment; Bath B, room 5, found in 2007. pl. 18/426 and pl. 117/426.

Max. h 2.3 cm., d of base 3.6 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 3.4 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, black (Gley 1 2.5/N) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1), unslipped surface on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

432- (No. 6): Base fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 19/432 and pl. 117/432.

427- (No. 107): Base fragment; Bath B, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 19/427 and pl. 117/427.

Max. h 3.3 cm., d of base 4.6 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of base 3.5 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Grey (2.5Y 5/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with rare mica inclusions.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

433- (No. 37): Base fragment; domus, room 6, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 19/433 and pl. 117/433.

428- (No. 252): Base fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 19/428 and pl. 117/428.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of base 5.4 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 4.1 cm., d of base 3.5 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; dark grey (Gley 1 4/N), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; dark grey (Gley 1 4/N), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

434- (No. 174): Base fragment; domus, room 8, floor level, found in 2007. pl. 19/434 and pl. 117/434.

429- (No. 8): Base fragment; domus, room 1, level 1,found in 2007. pl. 19/429 and pl. 117/429.

Max. h 1.8 cm., d of base 5.4 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 3.6 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Grey (10YR 6/1), unslipped surface on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely

112

Hellenistic Ceramics Grey (2.5Y 6/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with some sand inclusions.

A Handle Fragment of a Closed Form (pl. 19, no. 435; pl. 117, no. 435)

440- (No. 215): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 117/440.

A rounded handle fragment of a small jug. 435- (No. 371): Handle fragment; Bath B, room 6, illegally excavated area, found in 2007. pl. 19/435 and pl. 117/435.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Black (2.5Y 2.5/1) slip on exterior; light grey (2.5Y 7/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 6/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 7.9 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 1.4 cm. Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) and grey (2.5Y 5/1) mottled slip on all of the surface. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions. Body Fragments of Closed Forms

441- (No. 180): Body fragment; domus, room 5, found in 2007. pl. 117/441.

(pl. 117, nos. 436-449)

Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Undecorated and no diagnostic body fragments.

Very dark grey (10YR 3/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

436- (No. 214): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 117/436.

442- (No. 894): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 117/442.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 6/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

437- (No. 473): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 117/437.

443- (No. 281): Body fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2006. pl. 117/443.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Black (2.5Y 2.5/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 5/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

438- (No. 211): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 117/438.

444- (No. 245): Body fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 117/444.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 4.4 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) and grey (2.5Y 5/1), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

439- (No. 7): Body fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 117/439.

445- (No. 285): Body fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2006. pl. 117/445.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. 113

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

(5YR 7/4, 7.5YR 7/4), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, 2.5Y 6/3-6/4), red (2.5YR 5/6), brown (7.5YR 5/3-5/4), very pale brown (10YR 7/3-7/4), pale brown (10YR 6/3), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and light red (2.5YR 6/8-6/6). Its slip is brown (7.5YR 4/2-4/3-4/4-5/3-5/4, 10YR 4/3-5/3), reddish brown (2.5 YR 4/3-4/4-5/4, 5YR 4/3-4/4-5/3-5/4), red (2.5YR 5/6-4/6-4/8), dark brown (7.5YR 3/2-3/3), black (7.5YR 2.5/1, 2.5Y 2.5/1), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2), dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2), weak red (2.5YR 4/2), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2), very dark grey (10YR 3/1, 2.5Y 3/1), pale brown (10YR 6/3, 2.5Y 7/4-8/4), dark grey (2.5Y 4/1), pink (5YR 7/4), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) and yellow (10YR 7/6). Because of the bad firing techniques surface slip is frequently mottled in brown (7.5YR 4/3-4/2), dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3-3/2, 2.5YR 3/3), reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, 5YR 5/3-5/4), dark grey (10YR 4/1), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2), very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2), very dark grey (5YR 3/1), black (5YR 2.5/1, 10YR 2.5/1), red (2.5YR 5/6), dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), duksy red (2.5YR 3/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4).34 Their bases were left unslipped.

Dark greyish brown (2.5Y 4/2) slip on upper exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions. 446- (No. 217): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 117/446. Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions. 447- (No. 547): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 117/447. Max. h 4.9 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Black (Gley 1 2.5/N) slip on exterior; light brownish grey (10YR 6/2), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, grey (10YR 5/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

89 sherds were collected in total, 59 of which belong to the open and 30 to the closed forms. 22 of them were found in Bath A at Hadrianopolis, 17 in Kepez, 10 on the southern slope of the acropolis at Kimistene and three in the western tomb at Hadrianopolis.

448- (No. 164): Body fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 117/448. Max. h 4.7 cm., max. w 6.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

A similar intact brown-slipped bowl (fig. 11) in different shape is today at the exhibition of the Museum of Kastamonu. It is likely originated from the burials in the eastern part of Paphlagonia which indicates that these vessels in Kastamonu were also associated with burial traditions.

Very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 6/1) fabric with occasional sand inclusions. 449- (No. 142): Body fragment; domus, room 4, found in 2007. pl. 117/449.

They could be dated to the 1st cent. BC. to the 1st cent. AD.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 1.4 cm.

Open Forms

Dark grey (Gley 1 4/N) slip on exterior; grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, grey (2.5Y 6/1) fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pls. 20-22, nos. 450-491; pls. 118-119, nos. 450-507) Most popular form is the bowls. Bowl Form 1

7- Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Brown-Slipped Ware

(pl. 20, nos. 450-455; pl. 118, nos. 450-455)

(pls. 20-23, nos. 450-524; pls. 118-120, nos. 450-536)

This is an incurved rim bowl form with a mottled surface which is characterised at Sagalassus by a conical and flaring wall profile with a rim bevelled towards the interior

Brown-slipped ware is a close relative of the local sigillata in terms of fabric, shapes and slip techniques applied etc.: they are thin walled and consist of mostly open forms with brown and more matt slip. It is a hard, fine and non-porous fabric with less inclusions (sand, mica, lime and grit) in small sizes. Its production and firing techniques are less careless than sigillata. Its paste is reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-7/6, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/4), pink

In Sagalassus the Hellenistic tableware is usually red orange or brownish in terms of their surface finish. Colour combinations such as orange/brown, reddish brown and blackish grey also occur frequently. They have been dated to the end of the 1st cent. BC.-early 1st cent. AD.: Van der Enden, Poblome and Bes 2014, p. 85, fig. 3. 34

114

Hellenistic Ceramics Red (2.5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional sand and tiny lime inclusions. 1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. 453- (No. 1233): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 20/453 and pl. 118/453. Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Weak red (2.5YR 4/2) slip both on exterior and interior rim. Their lower parts have a red (2.5YR 5/6) slip. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with rare medium sand inclusions. 1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Figure 11: A Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped bowl in the Museum of Kastamonu; inv. no. 804.

454- (No. 343): Rim fragment; Bath B, room 1, found in 2007. pl. 20/454 and pl. 118/454.

or slightly outward flaring.35 One or two interior grooves usually, but not always occur below the rim.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of rim 11.5 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

450- (No. 1413): Rim fragment; Kepez, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 20/450 and pl. 118/450.

Dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) slip both on exterior rim and interior. Below of the exterior has a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Brown (7.5YR 5/3) slip on exterior; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare tiny lime and sand inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. 455- (No. 931): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 20/455 and pl. 118/455.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. 451- (No. 1104): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 20/451 and pl. 118/451.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 13.6 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Brown (7.5YR 5/3) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/3) mottled slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. Bowl Form 2

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

(pl. 20, nos. 462-467; pl. 118, nos. 456-467)

452- (No. 901): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 20/452 and pl. 118/452.

An everted rim bowl form, sometimes with a groove on the rim. 456- (No. 297): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 118/456.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 0.8 cm., max. w 1.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Van der Enden, Poblome and Bes 2014, pp. 85-86, fig. 4. Examples of the morphological variety were encountered in Sagalassus. 35

115

Hadrianopolis III

450

451

452

453

454

455

462

463

464

465

466

467

468

469

0

5 cm

470

Plate 20, nos. 450-470: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware; nos. 450-455: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; nos. 462-467: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; and nos. 468-470: Rim fragments of dish forms.

116

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 118, nos. 450-485: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware; nos. 450-455: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; nos. 456-467: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; nos. 468-470: Rim fragments of dish forms; nos. 471-474: Other rim forms; and nos. 475-485: Base fragments of open forms.

117

Hadrianopolis III

472

473

474

477

478

479

480

481

482

483

484

485

486

0

5 cm

487

Plate 21, nos. 472-487: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware; nos. 472-474: Other rim forms; and nos. 477-487: Base fragments of open forms.

118

Hellenistic Ceramics Brown (7.5YR 4/2) and pale brown (2.5Y 7/4) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

461- (No. 1374): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 118/461.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

457- (No. 591): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 118/457.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) and dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/3) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior rim. Below of the interior has a pink (5YR 7/4) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with rare sand and mica inclusions.

462- (No. 851): Rim fragment; Kimistene, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 20/462 and pl. 118/462.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

458- (No. 584): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 118/458.

Brown (7.5YR 4/2) abraded slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) abraded  slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

463- (No. 1362): Rim fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 20/463 and pl. 118/463. Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. 459- (No. 1060): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 118/459.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4), mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

464- (No.952): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 20/464 and pl. 118/464.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Max. h 1.4 cm., d of rim 13.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

460- (No. 520): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 118/460.

Dark grey (10YR 4/1) and brown (10YR 5/3) mottled slip on exterior; dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, greyish brown (10YR 5/2) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottled slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

465- (No. 1102): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 20/465 and pl. 118/465. Max. h 2.0 cm., d of rim 15.6 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

119

Hadrianopolis III Dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with rare mica and tiny lime as well as sand inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime inclusions. 1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

470- (No. 222): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 20/470 and pl. 118/470.

466- (No. 411): Rim fragment; Kimistene, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 20/466 and pl. 118/466.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 15.4 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 1.9 cm., d of rim 17.0 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Brown (10YR 4/3) slip on exterior; very dark grey (10YR 3/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4) mottled slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Other Rim Fragments

467- (No. 238): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 12, found in 2006. pl. 20/467 and pl. 118/467.

(pl. 21, nos. 472-474; pl. 118, nos. 471-474) Some of them are thickened rim forms and some with mottled slips.

Max. h 3.3 cm., d of rim 27.0 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

471- (No. 834): Rim fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 118/471.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. Dish

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pl. 20, nos. 468-470; pl. 118, nos. 468-470)

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

A dish form with a flattened rim.

472- (No. 227): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 21/472 and pl. 118/472.

468- (No. 356): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 20/468 and pl. 118/468.

Max. h 4.4 cm., max. w 6.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Brown (7.5YR 4/3) and very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, very dark grey (Gley 1 3/N) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior rim and interior; pink (5YR 7/4) slip on lower part of the exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. 473- (No. 242): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 21/473 and pl. 118/473.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. 469- (No. 422): Rim fragment; apsidal building, found in 2007. pl. 20/469 and pl. 118/469.

Max. h 3.6 cm., d of rim 18.8 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 3.2 cm., d of rim 29.6 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

120

Hellenistic Ceramics Brown (7.5YR 4/2) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

478- (No. 984): Base fragment; Hadrianopolis, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 21/478 and pl. 118/478.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

474- (No. 1259): Rim fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 21/474 and pl. 118/474.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and pink (7.5YR 7/4), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.0 cm., d of rim 24.0 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

479- (No. 95): Base fragment; Bath B, room 5, found in 2007. pl. 21/479 and pl. 118/479.

Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 2.8 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Base Fragments of Open Forms (pls. 21-22, nos. 477-491; pls. 118-119, nos. 475-491)

480- (No. 293): Base fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 21/480 and pl. 118/480.

High based fragments; exterior surfaces left unslipped. Traces of slips are mottled. 475- (No. 373): Base fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 118/475.

Max. h 0.7 cm., d of base 4.0 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 0.2 cm. Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

481- (No. 367): Base fragment; Bath B, room 8, from the illegally excavated area in the southeast, found in 2007. pl. 21/481 and pl. 118/481.

476- (No. 372): Base fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 118/476.

Max. h 1.2 cm., d of base 4.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 0.2 cm. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

482- (No. 519): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 21/482 and pl. 118/482.

477- (No. 529): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 21/477 and pl. 118/477.

Max. h 1.1 cm., d of base 4.6 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/4) and very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) mottled slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

121

Hadrianopolis III

488

489

490

491

508

509

510

0

512

5 cm

Plate 22, nos. 488-512: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware; nos. 488-491: Base fragments of open forms; nos. 508-510: Rim fragments of juglet forms; and no. 512: A base fragment of a closed form.

122

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 119, nos. 486-510: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware; nos. 486-491: Base fragments of open forms; nos. 492-507: Body fragments of open forms; and nos. 508-510: Rim fragments of juglet forms.

123

Hadrianopolis III 483- (No. 284): Base fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 21/483 and pl. 118/483.

488- (No. 1384): Base fragment; surface find from Örenarkası, found in 2005. pl. 22/488 and pl. 119/488.

Max. h 1.2 cm., d of base 5.2 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of base 13.6 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/2) mottled slip on exterior; brown (10YR 5/3) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) mottled slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent lime and sand as well as occasional mica inclusions.

Exterior is burnished. Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with some sand inclusions. 489- (No. 1469): Base fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 22/489 and pl. 119/489.

484- (No. 206): Base fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 21/484 and pl. 118/484.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of base 14.6 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 1.5 cm., d of base 5.8 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Exterior is burnished.

Light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (10YR 5/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

Pale brown (10YR 6/3) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with some sand and occasional mica inclusions.

485- (No. 279): Base fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 21/485 and pl. 118/485.

490- (No. 932): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 22/490 and pl. 119/490.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 6.8 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 14.8 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) and brown (10YR 4/3) mottled slip on exterior; dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Three thin bands in very dark grey (7.5YR 3/1) on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

486- (No. 355): Base fragment; monumental tomb, found in 2007. pl. 21/486 and pl. 119/486.

491- (No. 650): Base fragment; Kimistene, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 22/491 and pl. 119/491.

Max. h 1.3 cm., d of base 7.2 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 4.0 cm., d of base 18.0 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with occasional mica inclusions.

Light brown (7.5YR 6/4) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

487- (No. 253): Base fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 21/487 and pl. 119/487.

Body Fragments of Open Forms

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 8.8 cm., max. w 8.2 cm., max. th 0. 6 cm.

Fragments, mostly with mottled slip.

(pl. 119, nos. 492-507)

492- (No. 1144): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 119/492.

Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with tiny lime inclusions. 124

Hellenistic Ceramics 498- (No. 1037): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 119/498.

Max. h 1.0 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Black (2.5Y 2.5/1) slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Very dark grey (5YR 3/1) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Soft, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with occasional lime inclusions.

493- (No. 1139): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 119/493.

499- (No. 693): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 119/499.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) and red (2.5YR 4/6) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent lime and sand inclusions.

494- (No. 1141): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 119/494.

500- (No. 33): Body fragment; domus, room 2, found in 2007. pl. 119/500.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Weak red (2.5YR 4/2) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, light brown (7.5YR 6/3), mottled fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

495- (No. 522): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 119/495.

501- (No. 1041): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 119/501.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; brown (10YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

496- (No. 1194): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 119/496.

502- (No. 570): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 119/502.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Exterior is burnished.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, pale brown (10YR 6/3) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4), mottled fabric with some sand as well as rare mica inclusions.

Brown (7.5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; black (7.5YR 2.5/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

497- (No. 1039): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 119/497.

503- (No. 1377): Body fragment; Kepez, necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 119/503.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Slip is shiny on all of the surface.

125

Hadrianopolis III 508- (No. 205): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 22/508 and pl. 119/508.

Dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of rim 5.2 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

504- (No. 435): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, slope, found in 2005. pl. 119/504.

It might be belonging to a kind of juglet with splayed mouth.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Black (7.5YR 2.5/1) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

505- (No. 1410): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 119/505.

509- (No. 192): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2, found in 2006. pl. 22/509 and pl. 119/509.

Max. h 4.3 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 5.1 cm., d of rim 8.0 cm., max. w 7.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, light red (2.5YR 6/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Offset rim.

506- (No. 1044): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 119/506.

Black (7.5YR 2.5/1) slip on exterior; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) slip on interior. Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on lower part of the interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/3), unslipped surface on upper exterior; the lower part of the exterior is slipped in dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2). Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

510- (No. 1178): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 22/510 and pl. 119/510. Max. h 2.9 cm., d of rim 10.4 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

507- (No. 162): Body fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 119/507.

Closed Forms

Very dark grey (10YR 3/1) slip on exterior rim; yellow (10YR 7/6) slip on lower part of the exterior. Pale brown (2.5Y 8/4) slip and very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) thin band on its rim. Black (10YR 2.5/1) and very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) mottled slip on interior rim. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on lower part of the interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pls. 22-23, nos. 508-524; pls. 119-120, nos. 508-536)

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD.

Juglet

Base Fragments of Closed Forms

(pl. 22, nos. 508-510; pl. 119, nos. 508-510)

(pls. 22-23, nos. 512-517; pl. 120, nos. 511-517)

A juglet form without a neck or with a short neck (drinking vessels?). Mostly thin-walled forms with blackish or mottled slip.

Round forms with ring bases; mostly unslipped.

Max. h 5.0 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 1.2 cm. Brown (7.5YR 5/3) slip on exterior; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/3) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

126

Hellenistic Ceramics 511- (No. 1489): Base fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 120/511.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of base 8.6 cm., max. w 7.3 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, pink (5YR 7/4) and light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

517- (No. 787): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 23/517 and pl. 120/517.

512- (No. 1201): Base fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 22/512 and pl. 120/512.

Max. h 3.5 cm., d of base 11.4 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of rim 4.4 cm., max. w 5.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with occasional mica inclusions.

Handle Fragments of Closed Forms

513- (No. 1492): Base fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 23/513 and pl. 120/513.

(pl. 23, nos. 523-524; pl. 120, nos. 518-524) Vertical handles with mottled surfaces.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 5.0 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

518- (No. 1134): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 120/518.

Light brownish grey (10YR 6/2), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, grey (2.5Y 5/1) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

514- (No. 946): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 23/514 and pl. 120/514.

Dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) and black (5YR 2.5/1) mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.1 cm., d of base 5.8 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

519- (No. 412): Handle fragment; Hadrianopolis, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 120/519.

Brown (7.5YR 4/2) abraded slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

515- (No. 948): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 23/515 and pl. 120/515.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) and very dark grey (5YR 3/1) mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., d of base 6.0 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

520- (No. 240): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 12, found in 2006. pl. 120/520.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/67.5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

516- (No. 1420): Base fragment; Basilica A, found in 2005. pl. 23/516 and pl. 120/516.

127

Hadrianopolis III

513

514

515

516

517

524 523

538

540

0

5 cm

Plate 23, nos. 513-524: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware; nos. 513-517: Base fragments of closed forms; nos. 523-524: Handle fragments of closed forms; nos. 538-540: Hellenistic coarse ware; no. 538: A rim fragment of an open form; and no. 540: A rim fragment of a closed form.

128

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 120, nos. 511-536: Late Hellenistic-Early Roman brown-slipped ware; nos. 511-517: Base fragments of closed forms; nos. 518-524: Handle fragments of closed forms; and nos. 525-536: Body fragments of closed forms.

129

Hadrianopolis III 521- (No. 201): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 13a, below the floor, found in 2006. pl. 120/521.

526- (No. 478): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 120/526.

Max. h 1.0 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and very dark grey (5YR 3/1) mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with rare mica and tiny lime inclusions.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; pale brown (2.5Y 7/3) and dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) mottled unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

522- (No. 224): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 120/522.

527- (No. 1267): Body fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 120/527.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Black (7.5YR 2.5/1) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional mica and tiny lime inclusions.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

523- (No. 207): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 23/523 and pl. 120/523.

528- (No. 1326): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 120/528.

Max. h 4.3 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Brown (7.5YR 4/3) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

524- (No. 191): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 4, found in 2006. pl. 23/524 and pl. 120/524.

529- (No. 554): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 120/529.

Max. h 4.0 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) mottled slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Brown (10YR 5/3) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms (pl. 120, nos. 525-536)

530- (No. 55): Body fragment; domus, room 6, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 120/530.

Some with very intensive wheel-marks. 525- (No. 568): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 120/525.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2) slip on exterior; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) and dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) mottled unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) and dark grey (2.5Y 4/1), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) slip on exterior; very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, pale brown (10YR 6/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

531- (No. 1455): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 120/531. 130

Hellenistic Ceramics Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some small grit and sand as well as lime inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) shiny slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior, Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with rare lime and sand inclusions.

8- Hellenistic Coarse Ware (pls. 23-25, nos. 538-577; pls. 121-124, nos. 537-583)

532- (No. 218): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 120/532.

One of the largest groups of the Hellenistic surface finds comprises of the wheel-made kitchen and common ware that is classified as “Hellenistic coarse ware”. Their typological and clay differences to Roman coarse ware, however, is not very distinctive.

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Most common forms of the Hellenistic coarse ware have a large plain body without any decoration. They were likely manufactured locally. Most common paste tones are reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-6/8-7/6, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/6-5/8), red (2.5YR 5/6-5/8), light red (2.5YR 6/6-6/8), brown (7.5YR 5/4, 10YR 5/3), pale brown (10YR 6/3), grey (Gley 1 5/N, 10YR 6/1, 7.5YR 4/1, 5YR 5/1), reddish brown (5YR 5/4), pink (7.5YR 7/4) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4). Fine and hard fabric with grit, sand, lime, mica and grog in large sizes, visible even on the surface. Non-porous fabric with reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-7/6, 7.5YR 6/6-7/6), very pale brown (10YR 8/28/3-7/3), pink (7.5YR 8/3-8/4-7/4), light red (2.5YR 6/8), red (2.5YR 5/6), light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), grey (2.5Y 6/1) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) slips. Their wall thickness differs between 0.4 and 10 mm.

533- (No. 275): Body fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 120/533. Max. h 4.3 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on upper interior. The lower part of the interior has a light red (2.5YR 6/6) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, nonporous, light red (2.5YR 6/6) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions. 534- (No. 338): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2007. pl. 120/534.

Three of 47 fragments belong to the open and 44 to the closed forms. 24 of them were found at Kepez and the rest from Kimistene. It is interesting to note that there is no Hellenistic coarse ware find from Hadrianopolis.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Brown (7.5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and rare mica inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. Open Forms-Rim Fragments (pl. 23, no. 538; pl. 121, nos. 537-539)

535- (No. 1200): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 120/535.

It was not possible to assign these open forms to any known typologies. Anyhow these fragments belong to wide and large vessels, probably for necessary household tasks, such as mixing and preparing of food; thus perhaps large kitchen bowls.

Max. h 3.7 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Brown (7.5YR 4/3) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) mottled slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with infrequent sand and tiny lime inclusions.

537- (No. 1117): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 121/537.

536- (No. 1408): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 120/536.

Max. h 3.8 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 1.3 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent large grit and sand inclusions.

Max. h 7.8 cm., max. w 7.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine,

2nd-1st cent. BC.

131

Hadrianopolis III

542

543

544

545

546

547

548

549

550

0

551

5 cm

Plate 24, nos. 542-551: Hellenistic coarse ware; nos. 542-544: Rim fragments of closed forms; and nos. 545-551: Base fragments of closed forms.

132

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 121, nos. 537-550: Hellenistic coarse ware; nos. 537-539: Rim fragments of open forms; nos. 540-544: Rim fragment of closed forms; and nos. 545-550: Base fragments of closed forms.

133

Hadrianopolis III 538- (No. 828): Rim fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 23/538 and pl. 121/538.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip both on exterior and interior rim. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on lower part of the interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and some sand inclusions.

Max. h 6.4 cm., d of rim 27.0 cm., max. w 12.8 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

542- (No. 949): Rim fragment; Kepez, the surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 24/542 and pl. 121/542.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of rim 9.4 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

539- (No. 1067): Rim fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 121/539.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 5.5 cm., d of rim 31.0 cm., max. w 8.7 cm., max. th 1.5 cm. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Soft, sparsely porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent small grit inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. 543- (No. 1156): Rim fragment; Kepez, the surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 24/543 and pl. 121/543.

2nd-1st cent. BC.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of rim 13.6 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Closed Forms (pls. 23-25, nos. 540-577; pls. 121-124, nos. 540-583)

Grey (2.5Y 6/1) slip on exterior; light grey (2.5Y 7/1), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, grey (10YR 6/1) fabric with some lime and large grit inclusions.

Rim Fragments (pls. 23-24, nos. 540-544; pl. 121, nos. 540-544)

2nd-1st cent. BC.

They were likely associated with the storage or pouring activities in the household. Most of them are smaller sherds belonging to deep and small closed vessel forms with a flat or slightly rounded base and a globular or ovoid body, a constricted neck, a slightly thickened, everted or outcurved rim. Thus, they could be cooking pots or jugs with a variation in size from 9.4 to 24 cm. in rim diameter.

544- (No. 1273): Rim fragment of a casserole (?); Kimistene, Necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 24/544 and pl. 121/544. Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 24.0 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 1.3 cm.

540- (No. 1052): Rim fragment of a jug; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 23/540 and pl. 121/540.

Everted rim.36 Grey (2.5Y 6/1), unslipped surface on exterior; grey (Gley 1 6/N), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, sparsely porous, fine, grey (Gley 1 5/N) fabric with frequent lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

2nd-1st cent. BC. Base Fragments of Closed Forms

2nd-1st cent. BC.

(pls. 24-25, nos. 545-553; pl. 121-122, nos. 545-553)

541- (No. 594): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 121/541.

Ring base fragments of juglets or table amphorae.

Max. h 5.0 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

A similar rim profile: Sagona and Sagona 2004, pp. 127 and 441, fig. 118, no. 4 (from Eski Köyeri Tepe 1) 36

134

Hellenistic Ceramics 545- (No. 1108): Base fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 24/545 and pl. 121/545.

550- (No. 997): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 24/550 and pl. 121/550.

Max. h 1.4 cm., d of base 8.0 cm., max. w 6.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 4.9 cm., d of base 11.2 cm., max. w 8.8 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), unslipped surface on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, very sparsely porous, brown (10YR 5/3) fabric with some sand inclusions.

546- (No. 992): Base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 24/546 and pl. 121/546.

551- (No. 1155): Base fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 24/551 and pl. 122/551.

Max. h 2.9 cm., d of base 8.2 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Max. h 4.4 cm., d of base 12.4 cm., max. w 11.7 cm., max. th 1.4 cm.

Very pale brown (10YR 7/3) slip on exterior; light brownish grey (10YR 6/2), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, dark grey (10YR 4/1) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with occasional tiny lime and sand inclusions.

Light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) thin slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, porous, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2), mottled fabric with some tiny lime and sand inclusions.

547- (No. 1072): Base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 24/547 and pl. 121/547.

552- (No. 1367): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 25/552 and pl. 122/552.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 8.4 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 3.5 cm., d of base 12.8 cm., max. w 6.9 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent tiny lime inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

548- (No. 1228): Base fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 24/548 and pl. 121/548.

553- (No. 1110): Base fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 25/553 and pl. 122/553.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of base 10.0 cm., max. w 8.8 cm., max. th 1.2 cm. Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent small grit inclusions.

Max. h 2.1 cm., d of base 16.0 cm., max. w 7.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; brown (7.5YR 5/3), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; nonporous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with some tiny lime and occasional mica inclusions.

549- (No. 1113): Base fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 24/549 and pl. 121/549.

A Handle Fragment of a Closed Form

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of base 10.8 cm., max. w 8.3 cm., max. th 1.4 cm.

(pl. 122, no. 554)

Exterior is burnished.

A thick handle in vertical form.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and grey (7.5YR 6/1), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

554- (No. 448): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 122/554.

135

Hadrianopolis III

552

553

576

577

0

5 cm

Plate 25, nos. 552-577: Hellenistic coarse ware; nos. 552-553: Base fragments of closed forms; and nos. 576-577: Body fragments of closed forms.

yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and rare grog inclusions.

Max. h 8.0 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 2.9 cm. Pink (7.5YR 8/3) slip on all of surface. Hard, porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime and occasional grog inclusions. Body Fragments of Closed Forms

556- (No. 748): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/556.

(pl. 25, nos. 576-577; pl. 122-124, nos. 555-583)

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Some of them are decorated with simple painting or reliefing. But they are difficult to distinguish from other wares.

Pink (7.5YR 8/4) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

555- (No. 761): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/555.

557- (No. 770): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/557.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine,

136

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 122, nos. 551-570: Hellenistic coarse ware; nos. 551-553: Base fragments of closed forms; no. 554: A handle fragment of a closed form; and nos. 555-570: Body fragments of closed forms.

137

Hadrianopolis III 563- (No. 778): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/563.

reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with rare medium lime inclusions. 558- (No. 1055): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 122/558.

Max. h 4.2 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some lime and rare medium grit inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime and small grit as well as rare mica inclusions .

559- (No. 779): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/559.

564- (No. 777): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/564.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 3.9 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime and medium grit as well as rare mica inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

560- (No. 785): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/560.

565- (No. 1196): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 122/565.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 4.6 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime and small grit as well as rare mica inclusions .

Exterior is burnished. Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and grey (7.5YR 5/1), mottled fabric with occasional mica and rare lime inclusions.

561- (No. 729): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 122/561.

566- (No. 1230): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 122/566.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Max. h 5.0 cm., max. w 4.7 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on exterior; yellowish red (5YR 5/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

562- (No. 1177): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 122/562.

567- (No. 1289): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 122/567.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with infrequent tiny lime inclusions.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with infrequent tiny lime and sand inclusions.

138

Hellenistic Ceramics 568- (No. 1137): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 122/568.

reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime and occasional sand inclusions. 573- (No. 863): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area around the altar with boucranium, found in 2005. pl. 123/573.

Max. h 4.9 cm., max. w 5.6 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Exterior is burnished. Painted band decoration on shoulder.

Max. h 7.3 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on upper exterior. Its lower part has a very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip. A band in red (2.5YR 5/6) on exterior. Reddish yellow (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Exterior is burnished. Pink (7.5YR 7/4) slip on exterior; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and light red (2.5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with frequent tiny lime and occasional sand inclusions.

569- (No. 989): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 122/569.

574- (No. 1164): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 123/574.

Max. h 5.1 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, red (2.5YR 5/8) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with infrequent tiny lime and rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 6.6 cm., max. w 7.9 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Exterior is burnished.

570- (No. 1229): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 122/570.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) thin slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with some tiny lime and mica inclusions.

Max. h 6.8 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

575- (No. 1379): Body fragment; Kepez, necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 123/575.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime and medium grit inclusions.

Max. h 6.5 cm., max. w 8.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm.

571- (No. 463): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit of Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 123/571.

Traces of carbon on exterior. Light brown (7.5YR 6/3), unslipped surface on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and occasional sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 8.2 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. A painted band in pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) on exterior slip. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

576- (No. 1151): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 25/576 and pl. 123/576. Max. h 6.7 cm., max. w 9.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

572- (No. 1297): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area, found in 2005. pl. 123/572.

Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/2), mottled fabric with some tiny lime and medium grit as well as mica inclusions.

Max. h 7.1 cm., max. w 4.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Exterior is burnished. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light 139

Hadrianopolis III

Plate 123, nos. 571-579: Hellenistic coarse ware, body fragments of closed forms.

140

Hellenistic Ceramics

Plate 124, nos. 580-583: Hellenistic coarse ware, body fragments of closed forms.

577- (No. 726): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s terrace, illegally excavated area under the temple’s podium, found in 2005. pl. 25/577 and pl. 123/577.

Max. h 6.4 cm., max. w 9.9 cm., max. th 0.9 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, nonporous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 7.7 cm., max. w 8.5 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

579- (No. 1162): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 123/579.

Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime and medium grit as well as mica inclusions.

Max. h 7.5 cm., max. w 10.1 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

578- (No. 1293): Body fragment; Kepez, found in 2005. pl. 123/578. 141

Hadrianopolis III Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime and medium grit as well as mica inclusions.

porous, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and grey (5YR 5/1), mottled fabric with frequent large grit and lime inclusions. 582- (No. 1474): Body fragment; Kepez, rock-cut grave, found in 2005. pl. 124/582.

580- (No. 1154): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 124/580.

Max. h 4.6 cm., max. w 10.3 cm., max. th 1.4 cm. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface on exterior and interior. Soft, sparsely porous, fine, brown (7.5YR 5/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime and sand as well as some medium grit inclusions.

Max. h 11.2 cm., max. w 8.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/2) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with frequent tiny lime as well as rare mica and sand inclusions.

583- (No. 1153): Body fragment; Kepez, surface find in the cistern, found in 2005. pl. 124/583.

581- (No. 697): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, temple’s eastern slope, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 124/581.

Max. h 9.4 cm., max. w 8.4 cm., max. th 1.5 cm. Very pale brown (10YR 8/3) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with frequent tiny lime and some large grit inclusions in its interior surface.

Max. h 9.2 cm., max. w 9.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely

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Chapter IV Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Early Roman Imported Fine Wares

Fabric of the Local Sigillata at Hadrianopolis

The inland location of Hadrianopolis in southwestern Paphlagonia means that the quantity of imported pottery is very limited: only c. 2% of the whole amount of Roman fine wares is imported. These are some Eastern Sigillata A (“ESA”) sherds of the 1st cent. BC. (pl. 125, nos. 584-587) and African red-slipped or Pontic red-slipped sherds of the 3rd cent. AD. (pl. 132, nos. 831-832).

In various aspects the fabric of the local sigillata from southwestern Paphlagonia is similar to the local sigillata of Ancyra as well as of Tavium, both of which still remain sparsely known by the ceramic surveyors. Local terra sigillata from southwestern Paphlagonia is distinctive and a product of the fast wheel, which has left wheel marks on the surface. The wall thickness of the terra sigillata varies between 0.2 and 0.6 cm. and red-slipped ware between 0.5 and 0.9 cm. Generally vessels have simple contours. Redslipped vessels are, however, consisting of larger forms with thicker walls of coarse fabric and tend to have a poor finish.

ESA is described by J.W. Hayes, P. Kenrick and K.W. Slane,1 supporting a source in northern Syria.2 The fabric colour of the sherds from Hadrianopolis belongs to the yellower end of the spectrum, with red-brown to red slip, normally associated with the pre-Augustan period, i.e. 1st cent. BC. Pontic sigillata is also described by Hayes,3 and only one sherd in southwestern Paphlagonia seems to be of Pontic origin.

The firing temperature of Hadrianopolis sigillata is always very high. Their hardness degree at Mohs’ chart is “3”. Their intensive light red (2.5YR 6/8-6/6-7/6, 10R 6/66/8), reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-7/6) and red (10R 5/6-5/8, 2.5YR 5/8-5/6) clay is fine and has an average quality in character. Rarely pink (7.5YR 7/4), and light reddish brown (5YR 6/4). In some examples there are colour differences because of their uneven firing. Although not all sherds are easily classified into individual fabrics, it is still worthwhile separating them into fabric families. As for inclusions, lime, mica and sand were applied; grog was rarely used. These inclusions are mostly fine grained and were used together; but in some examples none of them were observed. The average dimension of inclusions is 0.2-0.4 mm. The density of inclusions is average. The clay is well-sieved. In some examples the surface is slightly porous.

Local Sigillata and Red-Slipped Ware At Hadrianopolis there is a restricted variety of Roman fine wares: between the 1st cent. BC. and the 2nd cent. AD. we have a terra sigillata tradition, and during the 3rd and 4th cent. AD. there was a red-slipped ware tradition. After the 4th cent. AD. red-slipped forms were continued to be produced until the mid 7th cent. AD. or even later, but in less slipped or unslipped versions. The main difference between the local sigillata and red-slipped ware is the slipping technique and fabric. The majority of the local sigillata were represented as very fragmentary sherds, ranging between 1.0 and 7.0 cm., in average 2.0 cm. and making them difficult to parallel to the standard corpora. The majority of the terra sigillata and red-slipped ware from southwestern Paphlagonia were likely produced in a single local or regional fabric. Taking into account their form, slip and fabric one can assume that the local sigillata from Hadrianopolis can be classified according to the common shapes of Eastern and Pontic sigillata. Where these sigillata were produced or how they came to the city has not yet been explained. The later red-slipped ware in Hadrianopolis was documented to a lesser extent; in the surrounding area of Hadrianopolis this ware emerges more frequently.

Identified slip colours differ according to the typology of vessels and date of the product. Their colour resembles the clay colour. Slipping techniques are mostly the same; it differs only in some sherds. Most popular slip colours on exterior are red (10R 5/8-4/8-5/6, 2.5YR 5/6-5/8), rarely red (2.5YR 4/6) and light red (2.5YR 6/8). In interior red (10R 5/8, 2.5YR 5/8) is the most frequent colour; in the unslipped areas it is light red (2.5YR 7/6) and pink (5YR 7/4, 7.5YR 7/4). In open vessels the slip was applied more elaborately. More often the slip was spaced out erratically, and the slip of interior and exterior sides differs from each other. In most cases sigillata has a look of bichrome painting and contains less metallic sheen. In some cases exterior surface was slipped only in limited areas, such as in rim parts or in the middle part of the vessel. Exterior surface of bases in both open and closed vessels were left unslipped. Most of the time there is a thin, poor slip on

Hayes 1985, pp. 9-10; Kenrick 1985, fabric 223; and Slane 1997, fabric 267-270. 2 Slane 1997, p. 272. 3 Hayes 1985, pp. 92-96, pls. XXII-XXIII. 1

143

Hadrianopolis III inside. In later red-slipped wares the slip is mostly washed out and calcified.

dishes were also collected. In contrast to Ancyra none of these local vessels bears potters’ stamps.

Forms

Chronology

A few forms were produced, all of which belong to the most common ones in the Roman Mediterranean. The forms were influenced by many of the giant fine ware industries throughout the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. In the absence of kiln finds or secure provenience for the terra sigillata found at Hadrianopolis as well as of parallels from nearby sites, it is unwise to define our fabrics or to date them too closely. There is almost no unusual or special shapes.

The chronology of the terra sigillata from southwestern Paphlagonia is problematic since we can only deal with very fragmentary material with a weak stratification. It seems adequate to assume that the sigillata at Hadrianopolis was existing in the 1st and 2nd cent. AD. Cups and bowls could have been used as grave gifts during the 1st cent. AD.4 After the 3rd cent. AD. the local red-slipped tradition began, continuing until the early 6th cent. AD. Terra sigillata from Hadrianopolis is evidence of a local fine ware industry in an unknown location between southwestern Paphlagonia, northwestern Galatia and eastern Bithynia. No evidence for manufacturing sites, manufactures, kiln sites or kiln wasters in or outside our study area, however, has been discovered yet. Nor have overfired fine ware been found so far. All of the sigillata is made of similar local clay, but it has not yet been possible to perform laboratory analysis of their composition. The peak of this quality ware of Roman type seems to fall in the 1st cent. AD., a period characterised by important historical changes on the north-central Anatolian plateau and among the population of the region. The findspots derived Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine terra sigillata and redslipped wares in southwestern Paphlagonia are given in table 2:

The forms of the terra sigillata are grouped first into “open” and “closed” categories, whereas open and simple forms are more common than the closed and complicated ones; more than 60% of the shapes are open. The main forms of terra sigillata from southwestern Paphlagonia are cups, bowls, dishes, plates and juglets. Large dishes and plates were not frequently consumed in Hadrianopolis. It seems that sigillata from Hadrianopolis concentrated on thinwalled and shapes smaller than 20.0 cm., probably because they were perceived as alternatives to contemporary glass and metal vessels whereas we have very few Early Roman glass finds. No deep bowls or wide forms, such as containers, were discovered. Some of the forms (cups, bowls and juglets) are most common in Hadrianopolis and they reflect a “Paphlagonian-Bithynian” character in their typology and fabric. Some local pre-Roman forms had continued to exist into the Roman times in sigillata form. The survival of the simple Hellenistic bowl form with incurved rim in a red-slipped version is astonishing and could be classified as a further evidence for the survival of pre-Roman pottery manufacture tradition during the Roman era. It is difficult to reconstruct the whole body form only through the rim sherds. Also, base, handle and body fragments are difficult to assign to any existing forms, but at least we were able to classify them according to “open” and “closed” shapes, and most likely handles could be associated with jugs, since they seem to be the main closed shape among the sigillata. Decoration Finds are mostly without any stamped or painted decoration except for their exterior slip. Stamped decoration is found only on 2% of the whole assemblage. The most common decoration on the sigillata are impressed geometric designs, such as flutings, ripples, notches, stamps, bands, dotted lines, combed, punctuated or rouletted decorations, circles and other motives, arranged horizontally, vertically, centered or in panels. These decorations are normally applied on the vessels in a seemingly careless manner.

Bath A

116

Surface finds from Hadrianopolis Boncuklar Domus in Hadrianopolis Elsewhere at the acropolis of Kimistene Acropolis of Kimistene, southern slope Acropolis of Kimistene, eastern slope Acropolis of Kimistene, northwestern slope Acropolis of Kimistene, western slope Necropolis of Kimistene Örenarkası Western Tomb in Hadrianopolis Monumental Tomb in Hadrianopolis Basilica B in Hadrianopolis Bath B in Hadrianopolis Absidal Building in Hadrianopolis Kepez Other find spots Total

29 23 22 31 35 5 4 3 3 5 5 3 6 6 1 1 2 300

Table 2 : Terra sigillata and red-slipped ware sherds from each deposits that are represented in this catalogue.

In southwestern Paphlagonia consumption of smooth and shiny surfaced sigillata was continued without any break until the 3rd cent. AD., although later pieces (4th and

The occasional decorated rim ledges similar to the African red-slipped ware vessels on round or rectangular bowls and

For instance, a juglet with three fragments at the BIAA, collected by J. Mellaart from Mengen in southwestern Paphlagonia: figs. 20a-c. 4

144

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares In a relatively short time period beginning from the 1st cent. BC. the Roman tableware industry in Paphlagonia developed, paralleling to other pottery manufacturies in western and southern Asia Minor. Perhaps the presence of a large urban population in southwestern Paphlagonia at the beginning of the 1st cent. AD. resulted in an active form of the ceramic industry. Through archaeological finds one can suppose that shortly after the establishment of Roman political presence in the region, the inhabitants of Roman Paphlagonia began to use terra sigillata at least for their burials and abandoned their former tradition of Phrygian grey ware at the latest in the 2nd cent. AD. 1- Terra Sigillata

Figure 12: A Roman terra sigillata bowl in the Museum of Çankırı; inv. no. 145-9.4.72.

(pls. 26-32, nos. 584-763; pls. 125-131, nos. 584-830)

5th cent.) do not have the same shiny slip and therefore could be attributed rather to the “red-slipped ware”. Examples of this type of local sigillata are also known to the authors of this book as unprovenienced examples in the local museums in North-Central Turkey (i.e. Museums of Çankırı, Kastamonu, Amasra and Ereğli). In particular, Roman fine ware collections in the Museums of Çankırı and Kastamonu derive mostly from burials in this region (figs. 12-13a-b).

Imported Sherds (pl. 26, nos. 584-586; pl. 125, nos. 584-587) Only four imported sherds were recorded: three rim fragments as well as a body-sherd that probably belongs to one of these rim sherds. Three of them originate from Kimistene. In contrast to Kimistene only one imported sherd was found at Hadrianopolis. Thus, one can interrogate the role of Kimistene in terms of imported material. Perhaps its religious status had an impact on the materials’ routes. All of these sherds are ESA products and not Pontic. Thence, one can assume that southwestern Paphlagonia had relationships with the South during the Late Hellenistic period.

We would like to construe the model of local production and distribution of terra sigillata in southwestern Paphlagonia as “self production and consumption in a limited area”. Limited and isolated typologies and evidence of a few imported ware are further indications in favour of this type of local economy. Because of the long distance to the coastline and commercially poor situation, this area reflects a reserved and closed economic system in Roman Asia Minor.

ESA Bowl = Hayes 2008, Form 51 (pl. 26, no. 584; pl. 125, no. 584)

Figure 13a-b: A Roman terra sigillata bowl found in a sarcophagus in 1971 in Fındıcak near Araç, in the province of Kastamonu; today in the Museum of Kastamonu; 1st cent. AD.

145

Hadrianopolis III

584

585

586

588

589

591

590

592

594 595

597 596

598

599

600

601

602

603

604

0

5 cm

Plate 26, nos. 584-586: Imported terra sigillata fragments; nos. 584-585: ESA bowl fragments; no. 586: ESA dish fragment; nos. 588-604: Local terra sigillata fragments; no. 588: A rim fragment of a cup form; nos. 589-599: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; and nos. 600-604: Rim fragments of bowl form 2.

146

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 125, nos. 584-614: Imported terra sigillata fragments; nos. 584-585: ESA bowl fragments; nos. 586-587: ESA dish fragments; nos. 588-614: Local terra sigillata fragments; no. 588: A rim fragment of a cup fragment; nos. 589-599: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; and nos. 600-614: Rim fragments of bowl form 2.

147

Hadrianopolis III Half of a globular body with a pink fabric and an incurved rim was found on the acropolis of Kimistene. Dated by Hayes to AD. 70-120;5 a closer date is given by Kenrick, based on the finds from Benghazi6 where similar shapes have a d. ranging between 9.8 and 13.5 cm. Our example has a d. of 13.4 cm.

ESA Dish, Hayes 2008, form 4. (pl. 26, no. 586; pl. 125, nos. 586-587) Two dish fragments belong to the Hayes Form 4. Their rim is concave. In this form rosettes, rulet and palmets as decorating patterns are very common on their tondos. Their slip is red and their fine clay with very few inclusions is non-porous. Hayes identified them as “small plate” and dated them to the 1st cent. BC.12

584- (No. 956): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 26/584 and pl. 125/584.

586- (No. 683): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 26/586 and pl. 125/586.

Max. h 2.9 cm., d of rim 13.4 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Incurved rim.7

Max. h 4.2 cm., max. w 5.9 cm., max. th 1.2 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on the exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) and reddish brown (2.5YR 5/3) mottled slip on the interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Incurved rim.13 Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, change of colour on fabric, light red (2.5YR 6/8) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), mottled fabric with some lime and grog inclusions.

C. AD. 70-120. ESA Bowl = Hayes 2008, Form 12

1st cent. BC.

(pl. 26, no. 585; pl. 125, no. 585)

587- (No. 489): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 125/587.

An example was found in the field surveys at Hadrianopolis which is a fragment of a small bowl with a pink fabric, short flat lip and an everted rim. Its curving body is narrow and exterior slip is mottled. In Tel Anafa most of the similar fragments have a narrow horizontal rim.8 Similar fragments at Benghazi were found in the levels of the early 1st cent. BC.9 Hayes dated this shape between 50 BC. and beginning of 1st cent. AD.10

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 1.2 cm. Possibly joining with no. 586. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime inclusions.

585- (No. 983): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 26/585 and pl. 125/585.

Local Products-Open Forms

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

(pls. 26-30, nos. 588-646; pls. 125-128, nos. 588-727)

Projecting rim.11

As mentioned above, this group consists of fragments belonging mostly to open forms, such as cups, bowls and dishes. There are also some body and base fragments.

Red (2.5YR 4/6) and dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5 YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with with no visible inclusions.

Cup

1st cent. BC.

(pl. 26, no. 588; pl. 125, no. 588) Only one fragment belongs to this cup form: a thin-walled cup with an everted rim and a possibly half globular shape in the manner of the brown-slipped ware of the Late Hellenistic period. Shinny reddish brown slip from the rim

Hayes 1985, p. 37, form 50, pl. VI, nos. 19-20. Kenrick 1985, p. 239, fig. 43, no. 337.1. 7 A further similar rim profile: Thoen and Vermeulen 2003, p. 229, fig. 123, no. 1. 8 Slane 1997, p. 303. 9 Kenrick 1985, pp. 418-419. A similar rim profile: Kenrick 1985, p. 229, fig. 41, no. 319. 10 Hayes 1985, p. 19, form 12, pl. II, no. 10; and Hayes 2008, p. 25. 11 A similar rim profile: Slane 1997, p. 303, TA type 19, pl. 15, no. FW 154. 5 6

Hayes 1985, p. 16, form 4A, pl. I, no. 9; and Hayes 2008, p. 24, form 4, fig. 2, no. 32. 13 Similar rim profiles: Hayes 2008, p. 24, form 4, pl. 2, no. 32; and Meyer-Schlichtmann 1988, p. 90, pl. 11, no. 98. 12

148

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares settlement near Dutlu and a Byzantine monastery at Yeni Pınar in the territories of Pessinus and Germa were referred as “Pontic sigillata” and probably imported from the Black Sea region.20 A similar local form which is made in a series of variants during the later 2nd cent. AD. to the mid 4th cent. AD. is known at Aphrodisias.21 Similar examples from Comana Cataoniae, is dated to the late 2nd cent. BC. to the 1st cent. AD.22

to the middle of the exterior body. The rest of the body was left unslipped. At Tel Anafa, some smaller examples were dated to the first quarter of the 1st cent. BC.14 588- (No. 208): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 26/588 and pl. 125/588. Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 10.2 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

589- (No. 302): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 26/589 and pl. 125/589.

Thickened rim.15

Max. h 1.1 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

Red (10R 5/6) and weak red (10R 4/2) mottled slip on exterior rim; its lower part is reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped. Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior rim; its lower part is pink (5YR 8/4). Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Around 50 BC. Bowls

590- (No. 299): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 26/590 and pl. 125/590.

(pls. 26-28, nos. 589-618; pls. 125-126, nos. 589-618)

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Bowl Form 1

Incurved rim.23

(pl. 26, nos. 589-599; pl. 125, nos. 589-599)

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Eleven fragments belong to this common group with some variants. This form (especially pl. 26, nos. 590592 and 595) is actually a derivation of a most common hemispherical Hellenistic cup form16, i.e. ESA form 25 in Tel Anafa.17

Mid 1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 591- (No. 580): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 26/591 and pl. 125/591.

The fabric is red colour. The non-porous slip ranges between reddish brown and red. Diameters range between 13.0 and 17.6 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

It is interesting to find its original ESA shape (no. 586) with local imitations in southwestern Paphlagonia. No. 599 on pl. 26 has a concave profile with an incurved rim. This form has usually a simple rim and ring base. Its low wall curves gently and continuously to end in a plain, upright rim flattened on the top. In intact examples its base is thickened on the outside. Similar shapes at Pergamum were dated between the mid 1st cent. BC. and beginning of the 2nd cent. AD.18 This form is also present at Pompeiopolis and the Balatlar Church in Sinop.19 Similar bowl sherds with a dark-red to orange stained slip from the Roman

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some lime inclusions. 1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 592- (No. 563): Rim fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 26/592 and pl. 125/592. Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Slane 1997, p. 299. A similar rim profile: Slane 1997, p. 300, TA type 15, pl. 14, no. FW 142. 16 Gunneweg, Perlman and Yellin 1983, p. 96, fig. 21, no. 4. 17 Slane 1997, p. 309, pl. 18, no. FW 190. 18 Meyer-Schlichtmann 1988, p. 135, pl. 17, no. 266. 19 Zhuravlev 2011, p. 12, fig. 2, nos. 5-7 (dated to the 2nd and 3rd cent. AD.); and Güngör Alper 2014, p. 43, pl. 2, nos. 30 and 32. 14 15

Niewöhner et al. 2013, p. 104, figs. 27-28. De Staebler 2012, p. 72, fig. 7, no. 7. 22 Körsulu 2011, pp. 98-99 and 106-107, nos. 60-71. They are very common at Cappadocian Comana. 23 A similar rim profile: Meyer-Schlichtmann 1988, p. 135, pl. 17, no. 265. 20 21

149

Hadrianopolis III 5/8) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with infrequent sand and mica inslusions.

Incurved rim.24 Thin, shiny red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some mica inclusions.

1st cent. BC.; most probably pre-30 BC. 597- (No. 1292): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 26/597 and pl. 125/597.

1st cent. BC.-1st cent. AD. 593- (No. 45): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 125/593.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) abraded slip on exterior rim; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 598- (No. 310): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 26/598 and pl. 125/598.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 594- (No. 957): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 26/594 and pl. 125/594.

Max. h 1.5 cm., d of rim 13.0 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Incurved rim.26

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with some lime and very little mica inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

595- (No. 982): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 26/595 and pl. 125/595.

599- (No. 235): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 9, surface find, found in 2006. pl. 26/599 and pl. 125/599.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.1 cm.; max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of rim 17.6 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Shiny red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Incurved rim.27

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Shiny yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; shiny reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) on interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light reddish brown (2.5YR 7/3) fabric with infrequent tiny mica inclusions.

596- (No. 296): Rim fragment (part of a bowl); Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 26/596 and pl. 125/596.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Bowl Form 2

Incurved rim.25

(pls. 26-28, nos. 600-617; pls. 125-126, nos. 600-617)

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) and red (2.5YR 5/8) mottled slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, change of colour on fabric, red (2.5YR

24

3. 25

This form seems to be very popular in Early Roman southwestern Paphlagonia. In this bowl form the curving wall ends in a thickened rim on exterior and flattened on the

A similar rim profile: Thoen and Vermeulen 2003, p. 233, fig. 124, no.

A similar rim profile: Thoen and Vermeulen 2003, p. 233, fig. 124, no. 2 (interpreted as “ESA”). 27 A similar rim profile: Slane 1997, p. 290, pl. 8, no. FW 77 and 79. 26

A similar rim profile: Slane 1997, p. 312, type 25 a, pl. 18, no. FW 192.

150

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares top. Typologically it is also an imitation of ESA Samaria Form 10. But it was also a preceding form which was used in Central Anatolia since the Phrygians. Nos. 600-602, 606, 609 and 616 on pls. 26-28 have a flat or beaded rim and a curving wall. Nos. 609 and 616 on pls. 27-28 have a more vertical wall differing from the others. Nos. 603 and 605 on pls. 26-27 have an everted rim. Nos. 604, 607, 611, 614 and 615 on pls. 26-27 have a round or globular body form with an inward sloping, mostly s-profiled wall and a thin rim. Their rim diameters differ between 11.2 and 26.4 cm. The ware colour is light reddish brown and light brown. Among later examples in the Athenian Agora there is a similar example, identified by Hayes.28

603- (No. 579): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 26/603 and pl. 125/603.

600- (No. 896): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 26/600 and pl. 125/600.

604- (No. 183): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 6c, an area close to the floor, found in 2006. pl. 26/604 and pl. 125/604.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Thickened rim.30 Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with some lime inclusions. 1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Top of the rim is flattened and thickened on exterior surface.31

Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Shiny reddish brown (5YR 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) slip on interior. Hard, fine, light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 601- (No. 1135): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 26/601 and pl. 125/601.

Around AD. 200. 605- (No. 320): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 27/605 and pl. 125/605.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; weak red (10R 5/3) and red (10R 5/8) mottled slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/6) fabric with occasional mica and rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.1 cm., d of rim 11.2 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3), matt, mottled slip on exterior; matt red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with frequent sand inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 602- (No. 306): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 26/602 and pl. 125/602.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 606- (No. 837): Rim fragment; Kimistene, cistern, found in 2005. pl. 27/606 and pl. 125/606.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Thickened rim.29

Thickened rim.32

Matt red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of rim 11.6 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

30

2.

Hayes 2008, p. 30, fig. 7, nos. 180 and 184. A similar rim profile: Williams 1989, p. 12, fig. 4, no. 59. Another similar example is dated to the 1st cent. BC.-early 1st cent. AD.: Williams 1989, p. 9.

A similar rim profile: Thoen and Vermeulen 2003, p. 213, fig. 113, no.

Similar rim profiles: Hayes 2008, p. 140, fig. 7, no. 184; and Williams 1989, p. 12, group A3, fig. 4, no. 58. 32 A similar rim profile: Meyer-Schlichtmann 1988, p. 117, pl. 14, no. 198.

28

31

29

151

Hadrianopolis III

605

606

607

608

609

610

611

612

613

614

615

0

Plate 27, nos. 605-615: Local sigillata, rim fragments of bowl form 2.

152

5 cm

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 126, nos. 615-630: Local sigillata; nos. 615-617: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; no. 618: A rim fragment of bowl form 3; nos. 619-623: Rim fragments of dish form 1; nos. 624-628: Rim fragments of dish form 2; no. 629: A rim fragment of dish form 3; and no. 630a-c: Three fragments of a plate.

153

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 3.1 cm., d of rim 14.6 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with infrequent lime and sand inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) and light red (2.5 YR 6/6) mottled slip on exterior; shiny light red (2.5YR 7/6) and pale red (10R 6/4) mottled slip on interior. Hard, thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent tiny sand inclusions.

Mid 1st cent. AD.-first half of the 2nd cent. AD. 607- (No. 181): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 6a-c, close to the floor, found in 2006. pl. 27/607 and pl. 125/607.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Max. h 3.2 cm., d of rim 12.6 cm., max. w 6.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

611- (No. 1421): Rim fragment; Basilica B, found in 2005. pl. 27/611 and pl. 125/611.

Smoothed surface.

Max. h 3.5 cm., d of rim 18.4 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; weak red (10R 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Plain surface. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Possibly imported? Around AD. 200.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

608- (No. 406): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, the lower temple terrace, close to the creek, found in 2005. pl. 27/608 and pl. 125/608.

612- (No. 184): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 6a-c, an area close to the floor, found in 2006. pl. 27/612 and pl. 125/612.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 13.4 cm., max. w 5.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.8 cm., d of rim 18.6 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Thin red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; metallic, shiny weak red (2.5YR 4/2) slip on interior rim. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

Smoothed surface. Matt reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 609- (No. 1487): Rim fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 27/609 and pl. 125/609.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 613- (No. 267): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 3, from the illegally excavated pit, found in 2006. pl. 27/613 and pl. 125/613.

Max. h 1.5 cm., d of rim 13.4 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Thickened rim ends rounded on the top surface.33

Max. h 1.9 cm., d of rim 18.8 cm., max. w 4.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Shiny red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; shiny red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 1st cent. AD.

Around AD. 200.

610- (No. 277): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2006. pl. 27/610 and pl. 125/610.

614- (No. 305): Nearly upper half of the bowl; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 27/614 and pl. 125/614.

33

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of rim 20.0 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

A similar rim profile: Williams 1989, p. 11, fig. 4, no. 56.

154

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

616

617

618

620

621

622

623

624

627

628

629

0

5 cm

Plate 28, nos. 616-629: Local sigillata; nos. 616-617: Rim fragments of bowl form 2; no. 618: A rim fragment of bowl form 3; nos. 620-623: Rim fragments of dish form 1; nos. 624-628: Rim fragments of dish form 2; and no. 629: A rim fragment of dish form 3.

155

Hadrianopolis III 1st cent. BC.-early 1st cent. AD.

With three shallow grooves on its exterior surface. Short, triangular rim and plain surface.

Bowl Form 3

Shiny red (2.5YR 5/8-10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, light red (2.5YR 6/8-7/8), mottled fabric with occasional sand inclusions.

(pl. 28, no. 618; pl. 126, no. 618) 618- (No. 394): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, northwestern slope of the Temple, found in 2005. pl. 28/618 and pl. 126/618.

Around AD. 200. 615- (No. 269): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2006. pl. 27/615 and pl. 126/615.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Similar rim profile with nos. 130-131 on pl. 106. Surface is shinly slipped.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of rim 20.6 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional mica as well as some lime and sand inclusions.

Top of the rim is flattened and thickened on exterior surface.34 Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; thin, matt red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. Dishes

Around AD. 200.

(pl. 28, nos. 620-629; pl. 126, nos. 619-629)

616- (No. 432): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2006. pl. 28/616 and pl. 126/616.

Dish Form 1 (pl. 28, nos. 620-623; pl. 126, nos. 619-623)

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of rim 26.0 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

A shallow dish with an everted rim. Its most distinctive typological features are its angled body and raised rim. C. 2 or 3 cm. below the rim there is a further angle which gives a s-profile to its wall. Thus, this form resembles to Hayes 1985, p. 29, form 34 (pl. V, no. 7). Their diameters differ between 16.6 and 17.4 cm.

Top of the rim is flattened and thickened on exterior surface.35 Smoothed surface. Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Early Italian sigillata forms are dated to the beginning of the 1st cent. AD. and later Italian series are dated by Hayes to AD. 70-150.36 Similar forms from the “Belbek IV Necropolis” in southwestern Crimea and the Balatlar Church in Sinop were identified by Zhuravlev as “Pontic sigillata” and dated to the last quarter of the 1st or the beginning of the 2nd cent. AD.37

Possibly imported? 1st-2nd cent. AD. 617- (No. 195): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 5, found in 2006. pl. 28/617 and pl. 126/617.

619- (No. 290): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 126/619.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of rim 26.4 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 4.5 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) and light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottled slip on interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny sand inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) and light red (2.5YR 6/8), mottled slip on interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some tiny sand inclusions.

Similar rim profiles: Hayes 2008, p. 140, fig. 7, no. 184; and Williams 1989, p. 12, group A3, fig. 4, no. 58. 35 A similar rim profile: Meyer-Schlichtmann 1988, p. 128, pl. 16, no. 235. 34

Hayes 2008, p. 41. Similar rim profiles: Zhuravlev 2009, p. 36, fig. 4, form 2.2, no. 25; and Güngör Alper 2014, p. 43, pl. 2, nos. 33-35. 36 37

156

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares AD. 70-120.

Everted rim ends flattened on the top.41

620- (No. 197): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 5, on the floor, found in 2006. pl. 28/620 and pl. 126/620.

Red (10R 4/8) slip on upper exterior; its lower part has a red (10R 5/8) slip. Brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

AD. 70-120.

Everted rim ends rounded on the top.38

Dish Form 2

Red (10R 4/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (7.5R 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

(pl. 28, nos. 624-628; pl. 126, nos. 624-628) A dish with a wide, everted and decorated rim. Smaller as well as larger forms are represented. The decoration – even on the everted rim – consists of dots and waves etc. Its fabric contains lime and sand inclusions.

AD. 70-120. 621- (No. 226): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 28/621 and pl. 126/621.

624- (No. 947): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 28/624 and pl. 126/624.

Max. h 3.1 cm., d of rim 16.6 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 0.8 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Everted rim ends flattened on the top.39

Red (10R 5/8) slip on interior and exterior. Average hardness; sparsely porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with some sand and occasional lime inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on upper exterior; its lower part has a pink (7.5YR 7/4) unslipped surface. Brown (7.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) fabric with some mica inclusions.

1st cent. AD. 625- (No. 507): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 126/625.

AD. 70-120. 622- (No. 1387): Rim fragment; surface find from the cemetery site at Örenarkası, found in 2005. pl. 28/622 and pl. 126/622.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of rim 17.2 cm., max. w 4.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Matt red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Everted rim ends rounded on the top.40

1st cent. AD.

Thin, matt red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

626- (No. 221): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 126/626.

AD. 70-120.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

623- (No. 219): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 28/623 and pl. 126/623.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with occasional lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.8 cm., d of rim 17.4 cm., max. w 4.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

1st cent. AD. 627- (No. 307): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 28/627 and pl. 126/627.

A similar rim profile: Zhuravlev 2009, p. 36, fig. 4, form 2.2, no. 25. Similar rim profiles: Ettlinger et al. 1990, p. 100, pl. 25; and Zhuravlev 2009, p. 36, fig. 4, form 2.2, no. 31. 40 A similar rim profile: Zhuravlev 2009, p. 36, fig. 4, form 2.2, no. 30. 38 39

Similar rim profiles: Ettlinger et al. 1990, p. 100, pl. 25; and Zhuravlev 2009, p. 36, fig. 4, form 2.2, no. 31. 41

157

Hadrianopolis III red and scattered all over the surface except for the foot which remained unslipped. A light reddish brown line in the middle could be because of bad or secondary firing. These three fragments were found in the Bath A. Their base diameter would be around 20.0 cm. On its tondo there is a medallion with some further decoration patterns consisting of seven recognizable letters in form a monogram and in the middle part a cross and three boxes. In the frame of the medallion there are two more letters.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with rare lime inclusions. 1st cent. AD. 628- (No. 298): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 28/628 and pl. 126/628.

Transcription: In the frame:

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of rim 29.0 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

[——-]HΘ[——-]

Smoothed surface.

Sherd c (tondo):

Red (10R 4/8-5/8) mottled slip on exterior; shiny red (10R 4/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/6) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

[————————] 2 AKΔ[O?]YLOY

1st cent. BC.

Ψ Three boxes Ε

Dish Form 3

630- (No. 274a-c): Base fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 29/630 and pl. 126/630.

(pl. 28, no. 629; pl. 126, no. 629) Dish form 3 is represented by a single sherd. Typologically it has a downturned rim and a shallow body with a gently descending wall which is similar to that of the Hellenistic fish plates. The upper part of the rim has a mottled black slip. The rest of the body left red. Zhuravlev dates this form to the 1st-3rd cent. AD.42

Three fragments: fragments a-b: max. h 2.7 cm., d of base 20.0 cm., max. w 10.4 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.; fragment c: max. h 5.8 cm., max. w 7.6 cm.; max. th 0.7 cm. Ring foot ends flattened on the bottom.45

629- (No. 193): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 5, found in 2006. pl. 28/629 and pl. 126/629.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on foot; red (2.5YR 5/8-10R 5/8) mottled slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of rim 28.8 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

1st-3rd cent. AD.

A shallow dish with an everted rim.43

Rim Fragments without Any Form Definition

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Dusky red (10R 3/3) slip bant on interior rim. Average hardness; thin, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with some mica and lime inclusions.

(pl. 127, nos. 631-640) Most of them are thin shaped and both sides are slipped. Their slip varies between reddish yellow and red. The paste colour varies between light red and red. Most of them do not have any visible inclusions. A major part of them originate from Kimistene.

1st cent. AD. Plate

631- (No. 1138): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/631.

(pl. 29, no. 630; pl. 126, no. 630) Three fragments belong to a single plate with a flat bottom on a ring foot.44 Their surface is smoothed. The slip is 42 43 44

Most probably an open form. Max. h 0.9 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Zhuravlev 2002, p. 256. A similar rim profile: Zhuravlev 2002, p. 256, fig. 12, no 4. A similar fragment: Williams 1989, p. 13, fig. 5, no. 64.

45

158

A similar fragment: Hayes 2008, p. 137, fig. 6, no. 147.

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions. 637- (No. 569): Rim fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 127/637.

632- (No. 309): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/632.

Open form, most probably a bowl. Similar to the local sigillata, bowl form no 1.

Max. h 1.2 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior. Hard, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 4/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

633- (No. 1316): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 127/633.

638- (No. 538): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/638.

Open form, most probably a bowl. Similar to the local sigillata, bowl form no 1. Smoothed surface.

Open form.

Max. h 1.2 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Shiny red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

634- (No. 859): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/634.

639- (No. 959): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/639.

Most probably an open form.

An open form, similar to no. 623.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.1 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 1.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

635- (No. 585): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 127/635.

640- (No. 1261): Rim fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis I, found in 2005. pl. 127/640.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Open form, most probably a bowl. Similar to the local sigillata, bowl form no 1.

Dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 4/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

636- (No. 593): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 127/636.

Base Fragments of Open Forms

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

(pl. 30, nos. 642-646; pl. 127, nos. 641-646)

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; shiny weak red (10R 5/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin,

Six fragments belong to open forms. Some base fragments, however, cannot be assigned to any known forms. These 159

Hadrianopolis III

630 a-b

630 c

630 a-b

0

5 cm

Plate 29, nos. 630, Local sigillata, three fragments of a plate.

642- (No. 78): Base fragment; Bath B, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2007. pl. 30/642 and pl. 127/642.

fragments are still important in terms of range of colours applied at the local sigillata of Hadrianopolis. They have a thin slip on both their exterior and interior surfaces, but their ring bases are unslipped. The fabric colour varies from red to reddish yellow. The base diameter ranges between 4.6 and 10.0 cm. Two fragments were found in Kimistene, most of others were found at the Baths A and B in Hadrianopolis.

Max. h 1.6 cm., d of base 4.6 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on foot. Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny sand inclusions.

641- (No. 292): Base fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/641.

643- (No. 415): Base fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 30/643 and pl. 127/643.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (10R 5/8), unslipped surface on exterior; shiny red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.8 cm., d of base 5.2 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

160

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 127, nos. 631-684: Local sigillata; nos. 631-640: Rim fragments without any form definition; nos. 641-646: Base fragments of open forms; and nos. 647-684: Body fragments of open forms.

161

Hadrianopolis III

642

643

644

645

646

729

730 731

732

733

734

0

5 cm

735

Plate 30, nos. 642-735: Local sigillata; nos. 642-646: Base fragments of open forms; and nos. 729-735: Rim fragments of juglet forms.

162

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Average hardness; sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions. 648- (No. 695): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 127/648.

644- (No. 1268): Base fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis I, found in 2005. pl. 30/644 and pl. 127/644.

Max. h 0.9 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 1.2 cm., d of base 6.2 cm., max. w 6.0 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

649- (No. 1427): Body fragment; Basilica B, found in 2005. pl. 127/649.

645- (No. 688): Base fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 30/645 and pl. 127/645.

Max. h 1.0 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., d of base 7.8 cm., max. w 5.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

650- (No. 908): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 127/650.

Red (2.5YR 5/6), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions. 646- (No. 220): Base fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 30/646 and pl. 127/646.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Smoothed surface on exterior.

Body on low ring foot with a flat bottom. Max. h 0.9 cm., d of base 10.0 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Thin, weak red (10R 4/4) slip on exterior; red (10R 4/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

651- (No. 962): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/651.

Body Fragments of Open Forms

Max. h 1.2 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

(pls. 127-128, nos. 647-727)

Red (2.5YR 5/8) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) mottled slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

None of these 81 fragments can give us any clue about their forms. In most cases they belong to thin walled vessels. The fabric colour varies between reddish brown and red. Both the external and internal surfaces were covered with red slip.

652- (No. 358): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/652.

647- (No. 595): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 127/647.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some quartz inclusions.

Max. h 0.9 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

653- (No. 539): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/653.

Thin, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) and red (10R 5/8) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) slip on interior.

163

Hadrianopolis III 659- (No. 858): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, northwestern slope, found in 2005. pl. 127/659.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottled slip on exterior; weak red (2.5YR 5/2) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some lime inclusions.

654- (No. 474): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/654.

660- (No. 1439): Body fragment; Basilica B, found in 2005. pl. 127/660.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8) and red (2.5YR 5/6) mottled slip on exterior; light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

655- (No. 526): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/655.

661- (No. 960): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/661.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (10R 5/8), abraded slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; shiny reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

656- (No. 1143): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/656.

662- (No. 543): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/662.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 0.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some mica inclusions.

657- (No. 1301): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/657.

663- (No. 577): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/663.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Smooth surface.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Shiny red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some tiny sand inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

658- (No. 213): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 127/658.

664- (No. 1329): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 127/664.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with frequent sand inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime inclusions. 164

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares 665- (No. 1142): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/665.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

671- (No. 1317): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 127/671.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 0.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

666- (No. 961): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/666.

Some decoration patterns on its exterior.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

672- (No. 905): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 127/672.

667- (No. 575): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/667.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) and light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

All of the surface has a shiny slip.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) mottled slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some mica inclusions.

673- (No. 534): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/673.

668- (No. 509): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/668.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

674- (No. 564): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 127/674.

669- (No. 386): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/669.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (5YR 4/3) mottled slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Perhaps it is a bowl fragment. Exterior surface is incurved. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

675- (No. 536): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/675.

670- (No. 542): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/670.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some sand and occasional lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

165

Hadrianopolis III 676- (No. 472): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 127/676.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

682- (No. 437): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/682.

Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

677- (No. 907): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, found in 2005. pl. 127/677.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with occasional lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.0 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

683- (No. 1425): Body fragment; Basilica B, found in 2005. pl. 127/683.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior; smoothed and shiny slip on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

678- (No. 1302): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/678.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with very little mica and rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

684- (No. 559): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 127/684.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

679- (No. 1145): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/679.

685- (No. 431): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 128/685.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.2 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.3 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

680- (No. 505): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 127/680.

686- (No. 904): Body (+base) fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, found in 2005. pl. 128/686.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Its edges were rounded, possibly because of its later use as a game token. Smoothed surface.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Red (10R 5/6), unslipped surface on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior, shiny and smoothed slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with infrequent tiny lime inclusions.

681- (No. 898): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 127/681.

687- (No. 1426): Body fragment; Basilica B, found in 2005. pl. 128/687.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. 166

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 128, nos. 685-727: Local sigillata, body fragments of open forms.

167

Hadrianopolis III 693- (No. 588): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 128/693.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior; shiny slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

688- (No. 212): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 128/688.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

694- (No. 1328): Body fragment; Kimistene, summit of the acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 128/694.

Red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on exterior; weak red (10R 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, mottled and changing fabric colour from pink (7.5YR 7/4) to light reddish brown (2.5YR 7/4) with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

689- (No. 190): Body fragment; Bath A, room 4, found in 2006. pl. 128/689.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 4/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

695- (No. 1140): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 128/695.

Shiny red (2.5YR 4/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

690- (No. 557): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 128/690.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; weak red (10R 4/4) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

696- (No. 476): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/696.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish brown (2.5YR 5/3) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

691- (No. 567): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 128/691.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine red (10R 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

697- (No. 1485): Body fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 128/697.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; thin, light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) and dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/3) mottled slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

692- (No. 900): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, found in 2005. pl. 128/692.

698- (No. 533): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/698.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) and dark reddish grey (2.5YR 3/1) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/8) and light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottled slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-

168

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares 704- (No. 527): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/704.

porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions. 699- (No. 856): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, northwestern slope of the temple, found in 2005. pl. 128/699.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Weak red (2.5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent mica inclusions.

705- (No. 540): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/705.

700- (No. 1133): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 128/700.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Thin, matt red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; shiny red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) mottled slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

706- (No. 1495): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 128/706.

701- (No. 236): Body fragment; Bath A, room 9, found in 2006. pl. 128/701.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

707- (No. 414): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 128/707.

Shiny slip all of surface. Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; shiny weak red (2.5YR 4/2) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

702- (No. 314): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2005. pl. 128/702.

708- (No. 506): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2006. pl. 128/708.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip and pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on interior. Hard, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with some lime and infrequent sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand and mica inclusions.

703- (No. 1390): Body fragment; surface find from Örenarkası, found in 2005. pl. 128/703.

709- (No. 270): Body fragment; Bath A, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2006. pl. 128/709.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions. 169

Hadrianopolis III 710- (No. 471): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/710.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, mottled and changing fabric colour from light red (2.5YR 7/6) to reddish yellow (5YR 7/6); some lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

716- (No. 1424): Body fragment; Basilica B, found in 2005. pl. 128/716.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

711- (No. 204): Body fragment; Bath A, room 13a, found in 2006. pl. 128/711.

Reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

717- (No. 1481): Body fragment; monumental tomb, found in 2007. pl. 128/717.

Pink (2.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface and red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; shiny red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, pale red (10R 7/4) fabric with occasional lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

712- (No. 647): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 128/712.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior; smoothed and shiny surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

718- (No. 311): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/718.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Weak red (10R 4/4) and red (2.5YR 5/8) mottled slip with metallic shine on exterior; its lower part has a reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface on exterior. Red (10R 5/8) and red (10R 4/8) mottled slip on interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, change of colour on fabric, light red (2.5YR 6/6) and reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), mottled fabric with some tiny sand inclusions.

713- (No. 317): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/713. Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

719- (No. 892): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 128/719.

714- (No. 316): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/714.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, light red (2.5YR 6/8) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

Possibly joining with no. 641. Thin red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Shiny and smoothed surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with occasional lime and very little mica inclusions.

720- (No. 430): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2006. pl. 128/720. Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

715- (No. 418): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 128/715.

Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. 170

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares 721- (No. 510): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 128/721.

changes from light red (2.5YR 6/6) to reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) with some mica inclusions. 727- (No. 486): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 128/727.

Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.7 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

722- (No. 313): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 128/722.

Closed Forms

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

(pls. 30-32, nos. 729-763; pls. 129-131, nos. 728-830)

Matt red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions. 723- (No. 1460): Body fragment.

Juglets (pls. 30-31, nos. 729-737; pl. 129, nos. 728-737)

pl. 128/723.

This juglet form is characterised by a rim with a slight neck and a plump body below. The outer below edge of the everted rim is thickened with a groove on the exterior surface (pl. 30, nos. 733 and 735).46 Nos. 728, 731 and 737 on pl. 129 are narrowed at the rim. Nos. 729 and 734 on pl. 30 have everted rims. Their neck is conical. From the present body fragments one can assume that these juglets likely had a wide body at below. Their fabric is red to reddish yellow and is mostly without visible inclusions. The rim diameters differ between 5.0 and 8.4 cm.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8-4/8) mottled slip on exterior; shiny red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 4/8) fabric with rare sand inclusions. 724- (No. 549): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 128/724.

728- (No. 576): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 129/728.

Max. h 3.4 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Thin, matt red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

725- (No. 1482): Body fragment; monumental tomb, found in 2007. pl. 128/725.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

729- (No. 303): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 30/729 and pl. 129/729.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

726- (No. 283): Body fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 128/726.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior and interior; smooted surface in interior. Average hardness; fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; its lower part has a light red (2.5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, mottled fabric colour

Similar rim profiles: Slane 1997, p. 321, pl. 23, no. FW 250; and Kenrick 1985, p. 310, pl. 58, nos. B 450 and 452. 46

171

Hadrianopolis III 730- (No. 228): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 30/730 and pl. 129/730.

1st cent. BC. 734- (No. 301): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 30/734 and pl. 129/734.

Max. h 5.0 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) and weak red (10R 4/4), mottled slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior rim; its lower part has a light red (2.5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of rim 6.8 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Everted rim ends rounded on the top.49 Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 731- (No. 1191): Rim fragment; Kepez, cistern, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 30/731 and pl. 129/731.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 735- (No. 209): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 30/735 and pl. 129/735.

Max. h 1.4 cm., d of rim 5.0 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. With a narrow and short neck.47

Max. h 2.1 cm., d of rim 7.2 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Soft, thin, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Moulded rim.50

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) mottled slip with a metallic shine on interior. Average hardness; thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

732- (No. 300): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 30/732 and pl. 129/732.

1st cent. BC.

Max. h 4.0 cm., d of rim 5.6 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

736- (No. 233): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 31/736 and pl. 129/736.

With a narrow and short neck. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.6 cm., d of rim 7.8 cm., max. w 7.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; light red (10R 6/8) slip on interior rim; its lower part has a light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 733- (No. 266): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2006. pl. 30/733 and pl. 129/733.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD. 737- (No. 1488): Rim fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 31/737 and pl. 129/737.

Max. h 2.5 cm., d of rim 5.8 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. A moulded rim and a short neck.48 Light red (10R 6/8) slip both on exterior and interior rim; its lower part has a light red (2.5YR 7/8) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

A similar rim profile: Kenrick 1985, p. 310, pl. 58, no. B450. Similar rim fragments: Slane 1997, p. 321, pl. 23, no. FW 250; and Körsulu 2011, p. 255, no. 221. 49

47 48

A similar rim profile: Ateş 2003, p. 178, pl. 60, no. 337. A similar rim profile: Slane 1997, p. 321, pl. 23, no. FW 250.

50

172

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares Light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.4 cm., d of rim 8.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Thickened rim.51

742- (No. 289): Base fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 31/742 and pl. 129/742.

Red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

High ring base with high form.

1st cent. BC.-early 2nd cent. AD.

Max. h 1.8 cm., d of base 4.0 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Base Fragments of Closed Forms (pl. 31, nos. 741-751; pl. 129, nos. 738-751)

Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) surface on exterior; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on upper part; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

No. 747 on pl. 31 has a flat base; others have ring bases. Base diameters range between 3.0 and 7.2 cm. There are no decorated base fragments.

743- (No. 194): Base fragment; Bath A, room 5, found in 2006. pl. 31/743 and pl. 129/743.

738- (No. 558): Base fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 129/738. Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 1.8 cm., d of base 4.5 cm., max. w 4.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Weak red (2.5YR 4/2) slip on exterior; its lower part and interior have a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface. Hard, thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface and light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with some lime and mica inclusions.

739- (No. 423): Base fragment; absidal building, found in 2007. pl. 129/739.

744- (No. 1494): Base fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 31/744 and pl. 129/744.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 3.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 1.2 cm., d of base 4.6 cm., max. w 4.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (10R 5/6) and weak red (10R 5/2) mottled slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Light red (10R 6/8), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

740- (No. 409): Base fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 129/740.

745- (No. 340): Base fragment; Bath B, room 1, found in 2007. pl. 31/745 and pl. 129/745.

Max. h 1.0 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.1 cm., d of base 4.8 cm., max. w 4.3 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

741- (No. 945): Base fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 31/741 and pl. 129/741.

746- (No. 294): Base fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 31/746 and pl. 129/746.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of base 3.0 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

51

Max. h 0.7 cm., d of base 5.0 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

A similar rim profile: Williams 1989, p. 18, ESA, fig. 7, no. 99.

173

Hadrianopolis III

736

737

741

742

743

744

745

746

747

748

749

750

751

0

5 cm

Plate 31, nos. 736-751: Local sigillata; nos. 736-737: Rim fragments of juglet forms; and nos. 741-751: Base fragments of closed forms.

174

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 129, Plate 31, nos. 728-751: Local sigillata; nos. 728-737: Rim fragments of juglet forms; and nos. 738-751: Base fragments of closed forms.

175

Hadrianopolis III Light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some mica and infrequent sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.3 cm., d of base 7.2 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. A concave body with a high and narrow ring base.52 Very strong wheel-marks both on exterior and interior surfaces. A stamped decoration in the interior.

747- (No. 273): Base fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 31/747 and pl. 129/747.

Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; thin red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, colour of mottled fabric changes from pink (5YR 7/4) to light reddish brown (2.5YR 7/4) with no visible inclusions.

Small bowl/cup with flat base. Max. h 2.8 cm., d of base 5.2 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Handle Fragments of Closed Forms

Red (2.5YR 5/8) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) mottled slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6) surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

(pl. 32, nos. 758-763; pl. 130, nos. 752-764)

748- (No. 276): Base fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 31/748 and pl. 129/748.

752- (No. 857): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, northwestern slope of the temple, found in 2005. pl. 130/752.

Max. h 1.1 cm., d of base 5.4 cm., max. w 4.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Vertical small strap handles, maybe used on juglet necks. Two type of handles, plain and grooved, were used.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/8), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

753- (No. 304): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 130/753.

749- (No. 286): Base fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 31/749 and pl. 129/749.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 1.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 1.1 cm., d of base 5.6 cm., max. w 5.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; thin, weak red (10R 5/4) abraded slip on interior. Hard, thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some lime and infrequent sand inclusions.

754- (No. 552): Handle fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 130/754.

750- (No. 1490): Base fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 31/750 and pl. 129/750.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 2.2 cm., d of base 6.2 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

Red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

755- (No. 958): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/755.

751- (No. 288): Base fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 31/751 and pl. 129/751.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 1.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Thin, matt red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with some lime and infrequent sand inclusions. 52

176

A similar sherd: Mitsopoulos-Leon 1991, p. 124, pl. 173, no. 125.

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares 756- (No. 325): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 130/756.

Thin, abraded, red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

762- (No. 324): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 130/762.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/8) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

757- (No. 903): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, surface find, found in 2005. pl. 130/757.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions. 763- (No. 246): Handle fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 32/763 and pl. 130/763.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Thin red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

758- (No. 278): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2006. pl. 32/758 and pl. 130/758.

764- (No. 82): Handle fragment; Bath B, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2007. pl. 130/764.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.6 cm. Thin, shiny red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 1.2 cm., max. th 1.1 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

759- (No. 464): Handle fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 130/759.

Body Fragments of Closed Forms

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

(pls. 130-131, nos. 765-830)

Applique decoration on exterior surface. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

They are characterised by a reddish brown to red surface colour. The fabric colour varies between reddish yellow and red. Due to the firing conditions their surface colour is composed by various tones. Wall thickness is around 0.2 and 0.5 cm.

760- (No. 237): Handle fragment; Bath A, room 12, found in 2006. pl. 130/760.

765- (No. 572): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 130/765.

Parted in three through grooves.

Max. h 0.9 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with some mica inclusions.

766- (No. 560): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 130/766.

761- (No. 169): Handle fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 130/761.

Max. h 0.9 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. 177

Hadrianopolis III

758

763

831

832

835 836

837

838

839

840

841

0

5 cm

Plate 32, nos. 758-763: Local sigillata, handle fragments of closed forms; nos. 831-832: Fragments of African red-slipped bowls; and nos. 835-841: Local red-slipped ware, rim fragments of bowl form 1.

178

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 130, nos. 752-800: Local sigillata; nos. 752-764: Handle fragments of closed forms; and nos. 765-800: Body fragments of closed forms.

179

Hadrianopolis III Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

767- (No. 541): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 130/767.

773- (No. 1315): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 130/773.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent sand and very little mica inclusions.

768- (No. 553): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 130/768.

774- (No. 133): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/774.

Max. h 1.3 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

769- (No. 1480): Body fragment; monumental tomb, found in 2006. pl. 130/769.

775- (No. 128): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 130/775.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.6 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

770- (No. 477): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 130/770.

776- (No. 909): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, found in 2005. pl. 130/776.

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Reddish brown (5YR 4/3) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) mottled slip on exterior; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

771- (No. 479): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 130/771.

777- (No. 291): Body fragment; Bath B, room 8, found in 2007. pl. 130/777.

Max. h 1.5 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Metallic shiny reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 4/8-10R 6/8) mottled slip on exterior; metallic shiny red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

772- (No. 578): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/772. 180

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares 778- (No. 571): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 130/778.

784- (No. 583): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 130/784.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 8/3), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

779- (No. 842): Body fragment; Kimistene, cistern, eastern slope, found in 2005. pl. 130/779.

785- (No. 410): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/785.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 1.8 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Thin, red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

780- (No. 1136): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/780.

786- (No. 562): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 130/786.

Max. h 1.7 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare sand inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.9 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Pierced by a hole. Matt reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) slip on exterior, its lower part has a pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior. Light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

781- (No. 200): Body fragment; Bath A, room 5, found in 2006. pl. 130/781. Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

787- (No. 673): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/787.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, pink (5YR 7/4) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

782- (No. 475): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 130/782.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

788- (No. 930): Body fragment; Bath A, found in 2006. pl. 130/788.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

783- (No. 203): Body fragment; Bath A, room 13a, found in 2006. pl. 130/783.

Traces of a handle splaying place (d 1.6 cm.) on exterior. Red (10R 5/6-2.5YR 4/8) mottled slip on exterior; light reddish brown (2.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.2 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

789- (No. 906): Body fragment; Bath A, found in 2006. pl. 130/789. 181

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.2 cm.

hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

795- (No. 1314): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 130/795.

790- (No. 1332): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 130/790.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.2 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.2 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

796- (No. 380): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/796.

791- (No. 565): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 130/791.

Max. h 2.2 cm., max. w 2.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

797- (No. 229): Body fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 130/797.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

792- (No. 271): Body fragment; Bath A, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2006. pl. 130/792.

Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Matt red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, change of colour on fabric, light red (2.5YR 6/8) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/8), mottled fabric with some sand inclusions.

798- (No. 899): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, underground cave, found in 2005. pl. 130/798.

793- (No. 508): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/793.

Shiny red (10R 4/4) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.0 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

799- (No. 199): Body fragment; Bath A, room 5, found in 2006. pl. 130/799.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Thin, matt light red (10R 6/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (10R 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

794- (No. 574): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 130/794.

800- (No. 272): Body fragment; Bath A, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2006. pl. 130/800.

Max. h 2.1 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Thin, matt light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

182

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares Traces of a handle splaying place (d 1.8 cm.) on its exterior side.

unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

Shiny red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior, smoothed surface on exterior; pink (7.5YR 8/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some tiny sand inclusions.

806- (No. 408): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 131/806. Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 1.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

801- (No. 280): Body fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 131/801.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.1 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) and dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) mottled slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

807- (No. 535): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/807.

802- (No. 530): Body fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 131/802.

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with infrequent mica inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

808- (No. 587): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 131/808.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 1.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) and red (2.5YR 4/6) mottled slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

803- (No. 321): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/803.

Thin, red (2.5YR 5/6) abraded slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Soft, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

809- (No. 323): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/809.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, light red (10R 6/8) and reddish yellow (5YR 7/8), mottled fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

804- (No. 528): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/804.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

810- (No. 649): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 131/810.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/3) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.6 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

805- (No. 413): Body fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 131/805.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/6) and weak red (10R 4/4) mottled slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) slip and light red (10R 6/6), 183

Hadrianopolis III

Plate 131, nos. 801-830: Local sigillata, body fragments of closed forms.

184

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares 811- (No. 312): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/811.

816- (No. 556): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 131/816.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Red (10R 5/6) slip on exterior, its lower part reddish grey (10R 5/1) slip. Pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, pink (7.5YR 7/4) fabric with very little mica inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with rare tiny lime and small grit inclusions.

812- (No. 531): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/812.

817- (No. 532): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/817.

Max. h 2.5 cm., max. w 2.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Max. h 2.8 cm., max. w 1.9 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

813- (No. 202): Body fragment; Bath A, room 13a, found in 2006. pl. 131/813.

818- (No. 460): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 131/818.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Shiny reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; pink (2.5YR 8/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Max. h 2.9 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

814- (No. 318): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/814.

819- (No. 1349): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 131/819.

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 3.9 cm., max. th 0.2 cm. Traces of a handle splaying place (d 1.2 cm.) is on its exterior side. It is smoothed surface on exterior.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.4 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Red (10R 5/8) and light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottled slip on exterior; very thin red (10R 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Shiny red (10R 4/6) slip on exterior; reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, fine, reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) fabric with infrequent tiny sand inclusions.

820- (No. 189): Body fragment; Bath A, room 4, found in 2006. pl. 131/820.

815- (No. 548): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 131/815.

Max. h 3.0 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 2.4 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Shiny red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; light red (10R 6/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (10R 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

821- (No. 319): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/821.

185

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 3.1 cm., max. w 3.7 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 3.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Reddish brown (5YR 4/4) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. A very dark grey (5YR 3/1) horizontal band on exterior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

822- (No. 551): Body fragment; surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 131/822.

827- (No. 268): Body fragment; Bath A, room 3, illegally excavated pit, found in 2006. pl. 131/827.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Max. h 3.6 cm., max. w 3.5 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Weak red (10R 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent mica inclusions.

Matt yellowish red (5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some mica and lime inclusions.

823- (No. 223): Body fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 131/823.

828- (No. 231): Body fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 131/828.

Max. h 3.2 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Max. h 3.9 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Smoothed surface.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some mica inclusions.

829- (No. 361): Body fragment; Bath B, room 8, found in 2006. pl. 131/829.

824- (No. 282): Body fragment; Bath A, room 14, found in 2007. pl. 131/824.

Max. h 4.9 cm., max. w 6.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 3.3 cm., max. w 3.2 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Well-fired with a thick wall. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

830- (No. 315): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/830.

825- (No. 322): Body fragment; Bath A, room 2b, found in 2006. pl. 131/825.

Max. h 6.0 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; its lower part as well as interior has a reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric occasional mica and lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.5 cm., max. w 4.7 cm., max. th 0.3 cm. Smoothed slip on all of the surface.

2- Red-Slipped Ware

Matt yellowish red (5YR 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with occasional tiny mica and sand inclusions.

(pls. 32-37, nos. 831-881; pls. 132-135, nos. 831-883) Imports

826- (No. 516): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, just below the summit, towards Deresemail creek, found in 2005. pl. 131/826.

(pl. 32, nos. 831-832; pl. 132, nos. 831-832)

186

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares African Red-Slipped Bowl = Bonifay 2004, p. 181, type 55, p. 180, fig. 96, no. 4

base fragments. It seems that the cups and small bowls known in the previous periods are already forgotten.

Only two rim sherds could be determined as “African red-slipped ware”.53 The first one is a bowl form with a convex wall, curving up to a rounded and thickened rim on the outside.54 Both of the exterior and interior of these fragments are slipped and their slip is flanking all of the surface. Their fabric is hard and red with some limestone inclusions.

Bowls (pls. 32-37, nos. 835-874; pl. 132-135, nos. 833-874) In red slip tradition mostly large bowl forms were produced which were defined according to their profiles. The potters behind these bowls imitated several workshops, mostly concentrating on later products, such as African and Phocaean red-slipped wares. Local producers of the redslipped ware likely took the 3rd cent. bowl form of the Phocaean red-slipped ware as a model, and they could continued to use this form until the 6th-7th cent. AD., but in unslipped versions. These forms did not change for a long period of time. It seems that the domus has a great variety of 6th and 7th cent. AD. bowls.

831- (No. 433): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2006. pl. 32/831 and pl. 132/831. Max. h 2.2 cm., d of rim 22.4 cm., max. w 3.6 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. Red (10R 4/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 4/8) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Bowl Form 1 (pl. 32, nos. 835-841; pl. 132, nos. 833-841)

Early 6th AD.

Nine fragments belong to this shallow bowl form. Their rims are thickened on the exterior and connected to the body with a concave profile. The slip colour ranges from reddish brown to red. The slip is thin and matt. The fabric is reddish yellow, yellowish red and red with sand, lime and mica inclusions. Rim diameters range from 22.0 to 25.2 cm. This form is similar to some Sagalassian shapes of the 4th cent. AD.57 In Amorium it has been dated to the late 4th or 5th cent. AD.58

African Red-Slipped Bowl = Hayes 1972, p. 167, form 105, fig. 35, no. 17. Perhaps fragment of a large plate.55 832- (No. 119): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2006. pl. 32/832 and pl. 132/832.

833- (No. 605): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 10, found in 2006. pl. 132/833.

A heavy and knobbed/thickened rim.56 Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 6.4 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Red (10R 4/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 4/8) fabric with some lime inclusions. 5th-6th cent. AD.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

Local Red-Slipped Ware-Open Forms

Late 4th-5th cent. AD.

(pls. 32-37, nos. 835-878; pls. 132-135, nos. 833-880)

834- (No. 125): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, found in 2005. pl. 132/834.

Some of them are local imitations of the African imports. There are numerous fragments of bowls and very few dishes as well as plates which are only represented by the

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with occasional tiny lime inclusions.

A similar rim profile: Paz and Vargas 2011, p. 90, fig. 3, no. 13. African red-slipped ware is also known in Pompeiopolis, c. 200 km east of Hadrianopolis: Domżalski 2011, p. 166, pl. 4, nos. 1-3, forms 61B and 67. 54 Bonifay 2004, p. 181, type 55, 180, fig. 96, no. 4; and Hayes 1972, p. 152, form 99, fig. 28, no. 7. A similar rim profile from Panticapaeum in Crimea: Smokotina 2014, p. 73, fig. 3, no. 11 (104A). These examples are distinguished by a harder and more pinkish (10 R 6/8-7/8) fabric. 55 A similar rim profile: Hayes 1972, p. 167, form 105, fig. 35, no. 17. 56 Ladstätter and Sauer 2005, p. 180, pl. 10, nos. 135-136. Their rim diameters range between 22.0 and 30.0 cm. and are dated to the 6th-7th cent. AD. 53

Late 4th-5th cent. AD. Poblome 1999, p. 309, type 1C160, fig. 61, no. 6 and type 1C170, fig. 63, nos. 1 and 3. 58 Harrison 1991, p. 224, fig. 6, nos. 4 and 8. 57

187

Hadrianopolis III 835- (No. 1266): Rim fragment; Kimistene, Necropolis, found in 2005. pl. 32/835 and pl. 132/835.

Rolled rim on exterior surface.62

Max. h 2.7 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Thickened rim on exterior surface.59

3rd cent. AD.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

839- (No. 421): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 32/839 and pl. 132/839.

Late 4th-5th cent. AD.

Max. h 2.1 cm., d of rim 22.8 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

836- (No. 980): Rim fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 32/836 and pl. 132/836.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) abraded slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 4.3 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Late 4th-5th cent. AD.

Thickened rim on exterior surface.60

840- (No. 403): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, lower terrace, close to the creek, found in 2005. pl. 32/840 and pl. 132/840.

Thin red (10R 5/8-2.5YR 5/6) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

Max. h 4.2 cm., d of rim 25.2 cm., max. w 7.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

3rd cent. AD. 837- (No. 1386): Rim fragment; surface find from Örenarkası, found in 2005. pl. 32/837 and pl. 132/837.

Thickened rim on exterior surface.63

Max. h 3.7 cm., d of rim 22.0 cm., max. w 5.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) slip on exterior rim; its lower part has a light red (2.5YR 6/8) slip. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

Thickened rim on exterior surface.61

3rd cent. AD.

Red (10R 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent mica inclusions.

841- (No. 341): Rim fragment; Bath B, room 1, found in 2007. pl. 32/841 and pl. 132/841.

3rd cent. AD.

Max. h 3.5 cm., d of rim 30.2 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

838- (No. 401): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, lower terrace, close to the creek, found in 2005. pl. 32/838 and pl. 132/838.

Reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled fabric with some tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.3 cm., d of rim 22.8 cm., max. w 6.8 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Late 4th-5th cent. AD. Bowl Form 2 (pl. 33, no. 842; pl. 132, no. 842)

59

4.

A similar rim profile from Amorium: Harrison 1991, p. 224, fig. 6, no.

A similar rim profile from Sagalassus: Poblome 1999, p. 309, type 1C170, fig. 63, no. 3. 61 A similar rim profile from Sagalassus: Poblome 1999, p. 309, type 1C170, fig. 63, no. 3.

Similar rim profiles: Poblome 1999, p. 309, type 1C170, fig. 63, no. 1; and Kenrick 1985, p. 344, fig. 64, no. 604.2. 63 A similar rim profile from Sagalassus: Poblome 1999, p. 309, type 1C160, fig. 61, no. 6.

60

62

188

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares Çerkeş, Yazı in Ilgaz and Kuzören in Eskipazar74 which are located very close to Hadrianopolis and Kimistene.

Only one example with vertical walls and a plain rim was found in the domus. This rim fragment has a groove on its top and its lip is thinned. Red slip covers all of its surface. Its fine fabric is red in colour. Rim diameter is 15.6 cm. Similar forms were noted in Sagalassus during the first half of the 5th to first half of the 6th cent. AD.64 842- (No. 1486): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 33/842 and pl. 132/842.

Its fine and matt slip varies in colour between reddish brown and light red, and was applied only in a limited area between the inner surface and the rim part of the bowl. Its fabric is reddish yellow to red with sand and lime inclusions. Most of them were found at domus. Rim diameters vary between 18.0 and 30.8 cm.

Max. h 1.7 cm., d of rim 15.6 cm., max. w 3.0 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

843- (No. 1483): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 33/843 and pl. 132/843.

Grooved rim on the top surface.65

Max. h 2.4 cm., max. w 3.3 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

A grooved rim.75 Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/8) and light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottled slip on interior. Soft, thin, fine, nonporous, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

First half of the 5th cent. AD. Bowl Form 3

First half of the 6th cent. AD.

(pls. 33-35, nos. 843-864; pls. 132-134, nos. 843-864)

844- (No. 166): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 132/844.

This largest bowl group with a shallow form and no decoration is represented by 22 fragments with minor typological differences. No. 843 on pl. 33 has a broad flange on the exterior rim. Others have vertical rims, generally concave on the outer surface, thickened on the outside and sometimes rounded.66 Their wall is flaring, curved or slightly angled. Similar shapes to no. 863 on pl. 35 were discovered at Sagalassus, Perge and Hierapolis, and dated to the 6th cent. AD.,67 whereas Hayes dates similar examples to the second half of the 5th and first half of the 6th cent. AD.68 In Pompeiopolis, K. Domżalski has defined similar sherds as “Late Roman C-Phocaean redslipped ware” and dated them to the late 5th-early 6th cent. AD.69 This form is dated on Thasos to the second half of the 5th cent.,70 in Ephesus between the late 5th and early 7th cent.,71 and in Amorium to the 5th cent. AD.72 This Early Byzantine red-slipped bowl form is also known in central Anatolian plateau,73 most of which are covered with a red to brownish, partly applied slip, but some examples are produced in coarse ware without any slip. In the course of the BIAA surveys similar forms were discovered at Kızıllar-Aydınlar in Çerkeş (Antoniopolis?), Bozoğlu in

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 5.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime and grog as well as very little mica inclusions. 6th cent. AD. 845- (No. 1): Rim fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, found in 2007. pl. 33/845 and pl. 132/845. Max. h 7.6 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 1.0 cm. Light brown (7.5YR 6/4), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, sparsely porous, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled fabric with some sand and medium grit inclusions. 6th cent. AD. 846- (No. 149): Rim fragment; domus, room 4, found in 2007. pl. 33/846 and pl. 132/846.

Poblome 1999, pp. 306 and 368, fig. 31, no. 5. A similar rim profile from Sagalassus: Poblome 1999, p. 306, type 1B180, fig. 31, no. 5. 66 Similar examples: Hayes 1972, p. 329. 67 Poblome et al. 2001, p. 126, fig. 4, no. 7. 68 Hayes 1972, pp. 337-338. 69 Domżalski 2011, p. 10, fig. 11, Form 3. 70 Abadie-Reynal 1992, p. 19, fig. 3-4, nos. 64-75. 71 Gassner 1997, pp. 143-144, figs. 558-562; Ladstätter and Sauer 2005, pp. 152-154, 160 and 169, pl. 2, no. 17; as well as Waldner and Ladstätter 2014a, p. 50, pl. 2, nos. 1-5 and pl. 4, nos. 3-5. 72 Harrison 1992, p. 216, fig. 5, no. 19. 73 Niewöhner et al. 2013, p. 104, figs. 29-33. 64 65

Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 218, fig. 6.103, nos. 1-3 from the site enumerated as PS066, no. 7 from the site PS074, no. 12 from the site PS115; and fig. 6.104, nos. 4-5 from the site PS157. These sites are clearly Middle Roman settlements and/or necropoleis at this part of Paphlagonia. 75 Similar rim profiles: Bonifay 2004, p. 203, type 78, p. 204, fig. 108, nos. 1-2; Hayes 1972, p. 144, ARS, form 91, fig. 26, no. 25; and Kenrick 1985, p. 365, ARS, fig. 67, no. 654.4. 74

189

Hadrianopolis III

842

843

845

846

847

848

849

850

0

5 cm

Plate 33, nos. 842-850: Local red-slipped ware; no. 842: A rim fragment of bowl form 2; and nos. 843-850: Rim fragments of bowl form 3.

190

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 132, nos. 831-832: Fragments of African red-slipped bowls; nos. 833-848: Local red-slipped ware; nos. 833-841: Rim fragments of bowl form 1; no. 842: A rim fragment of bowl form 2; and nos. 843-848: Rim fragments of bowl form 3.

191

Hadrianopolis III

851

852

853

854

855

856

0

Plate 34, nos. 851-856: Local red-slipped ware, rim fragments of bowl form 3.

192

5 cm

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 133, nos. 849-859: Local red-slipped ware, rim fragments of bowl form 3.

193

Hadrianopolis III Max. h 6.2 cm., d of rim 18.0 cm., max. w 7.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on upper exterior; its lower part has a light red (2.5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on interior rim; its lower part has a red (2.5YR 5/6) slip. Hard, thin, porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with frequent mica inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; its lower part has a light red (2.5YR 6/6) unsliped surface. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

6th cent. AD. 851- (No. 374): Rim fragment; domus, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 34/851 and pl. 133/851.

6th cent. AD. 847- (No. 114): Rim fragment; domus, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 33/847 and pl. 132/847.

Max. h 4.8 cm., d of rim 23.2 cm., max. w 8.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 19.0 cm., max. w 7.3 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Exterior surface with grog inclusions.

Thin reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) slip on interior. Average hardness; very sparsely porous, brown (7.5YR 4/2) fabric with some sand inclusions.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6), unslipped surface both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions. 6th cent. AD.

6th cent. AD.

852- (No. 159): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 34/852 and pl. 133/852.

848- (No. 173): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 1, found in 2006. pl. 33/848 and 132/848.

Max. h 6.6 cm., d of rim 23.8 cm., max. w 13.3 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 21.0 cm., max. w 5.5 cm., max. th 0.3 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled unslipped surface on exterior; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Weak red (10R 4/2), mottled slip on exterior rim; its lower part has a reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) unslipped surface. Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior rim; its lower part has a pink (5YR 8/4) surface. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

6th cent. AD. 853- (No. 148): Rim fragment; domus, room 4, found in 2007. pl. 34/853 and pl. 133/853.

6th cent. AD. 849- (No. 198): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 5, found in 2006. pl. 33/849 and pl. 133/849.

Max. h 5.6 cm., d of rim 23.8 cm., max. w 8.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Max. h 4.4 cm., d of rim 21.0 cm., max. w 5.4 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior, its lower part light brown (7.5YR 6/3) unslipped surface. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, reddish grey (10R 5/1) fabric with some lime inclusions.

First half of the 6th cent. AD. 854- (No. 234): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 7, found in 2006. pl. 34/854 and pl. 133/854.

6th cent. AD. 850- (No. 57): Rim fragment; domus, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 33/850 and pl. 133/850.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 24.4 cm., max. w 5.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 3.3 cm., d of rim 22.0 cm., max. w 7.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. 194

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares Porous surface both on exterior and interior.

Rim ends rounded on top.76 Thick walled.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior rim; its lower part has a light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) unslipped surface. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, brown (7.5YR 5/3) fabric with infrequent sand and lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with no visible inclusions.

6th cent. AD.

859- (No. 19): Rim fragment; domus, room 1, level 1, illegally excavated area, found in 2007. pl. 35/859 and pl. 133/859.

6th cent. AD.

855- (No. 232): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 34/855 and pl. 133/855.

Max. h 4.5 cm., d of rim 24.8 cm., max. w 8.5 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

Max. h 5.4 cm., d of rim 24.6 cm., max. w 10.0 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) slip on exterior; very dark grey (2.5Y 3/1) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, dark grey (2.5Y 4/1) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, grey (5YR 5/1) fabric with some lime and occasional sand inclusions.

6th cent. AD. 860- (No. 1464): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 10b, found in 2007. pl. 35/860 and pl. 134/860.

6th cent. AD. 856- (No. 49): Rim fragment; domus, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 34/856 and pl. 133/856.

Max. h 4.4 cm., d of rim 26.4 cm., max. w 5.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

Max. h 4.4 cm., d of rim 24.8 cm., max. w 9.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Weak red (10R 5/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on upper exterior, its lower part has a pink (5YR 7/4) unslipped surface. Reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) slip on interior rim; its lower part has a red (10R 5/6) unslipped surface. Hard, very sparsely porous, fine, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand and occasional lime inclusions.

6th cent. AD. 861- (No. 225): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 13, found in 2006. pl. 35/861 and pl. 134/861.

6th cent. AD.

Max. h 3.3 cm., d of rim 26.6 cm., max. w 7.8 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

857- (No. 1385): Rim fragment; surface find from Örenarkası, found in 2005. pl. 35/857 and pl. 133/857.

Light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; light red (10R 6/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.8 cm., d of rim 24.8 cm., max. w 11.3 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

6th cent. AD.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) fabric with some sand inclusions.

862- (No. 163): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 35/862 and pl. 134/862. Max. h 3.6 cm., d of rim 27.0 cm., max. w 5.9 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

6th cent. AD. 858- (No. 256): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 35/858 and pl. 133/858.

Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) slip on interior. Hard, porous, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) fabric with frequent sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 24.8 cm., max. w 7.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Similar rim profiles: Abadie-Reynal 1992, p. 23, fig. 7, no. CF 106; and Hayes 1972, p. 338, form 3H, fig. 68. 76

195

Hadrianopolis III

857

858

859

860

861

862

863

864

0

Plate 35, nos. 857-864: Local red-slipped ware, rim fragments of bowl form 3.

196

5 cm

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 134, nos. 860-873: Local red-slipped ware; nos. 860-864: Rim fragments of bowl form 3; and nos. 865-873: Rim fragments of bowl form 4.

197

Hadrianopolis III 6th cent. AD.

Carinated wall. Vertical rim ends flattened on the top.80

863- (No. 188): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 4, found in 2006. pl. 35/863 and pl. 134/863.

Red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, nonporous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime and sand inclusions.

Max. h 2.6 cm., d of rim 28.6 cm., max. w 6.1 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

6th cent. AD. 866- (No. 1466): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 36/866 and pl. 134/866.

Rim ends rounded on top.77 Thick walled. Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Average hardness; thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent sand inclusions.

Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 16.4 cm., max. w 6.7 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

First half of the 6th cent. AD.

Carinated wall.

864- (No. 11): Rim fragment; domus, room 1, found in 2007. pl. 35/864 and pl. 134/864.

Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; red (10R 5/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (10R 5/8) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 4.6 cm., d of rim 30.8 cm., max. w 10.4 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

6th cent. AD. 867- (No. 26): Rim fragment; domus, room 1, found in 2007. pl. 36/867 and pl. 134/867.

Weak red (10R 5/4) slip on upper exterior and interior. Hard, thin, porous, weak red (2.5YR 5/2) fabric with some lime inclusions. 6th cent. AD.

Max. h 3.1 cm., d of rim 18.2 cm., max. w 4.4 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

Bowl Form 4

Vertical rim ends flattened on the top.81

(pls. 36-37, nos. 865-874; pl. 134-135, nos. 865-874)

Weak red (2.5YR 4/2) slip on upper exterior; its lower part has a weak red (2.5YR 5/2) unslipped surface. Reddish brown (2.5YR 5/3) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

This form may be a variation of the carinated bowls. It is definitely not a homogeneous form. Generally its walls have a complex profile. Most of the examples has a large rim diameter. Sometimes bowls of this group with a horizontal rim have a groove on the upper exterior, for example nos. 865 and 866 on pl. 36 which were found in the western tomb. No. 868 on pl. 36 has an inverted rim and its lip is cut on the exterior. Fragments of a bowl form with vertical curved rim come from the Agora deposits in Athens and are dated to the late 4th-early 5th cent. AD. by Hayes.78 A bowl sherd, similar to the LRC form Hayes 1A was found on the central Anatolian high plateau.79

Late 4th-early 5th cent. AD. 868- (No. 152): Rim fragment; domus, found in 2007. pl. 36/868 and pl. 134/868. Max. h 4.7 cm., d of rim 19.4 cm., max. w 9.5 cm., max. th 0.7 cm. Incurved rim ends rounded on the top.82

865- (No. 1465): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 36/865 and pl. 134/865.

Thin, matt red (10R 5/6) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with rare tiny lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.4 cm., d of rim 10.2 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

6th cent. AD.

A similar rim profile from Sagalassus: Poblome 1999, p. 305, type 1B140, fig. 23, no. 5. 81 Similar rim profiles: Hayes 1972, p. 327, LRC, form 1A, fig. 65, no. 1; and Zelle 2003, p. 90, LRC, fig. 5, nos. 1-3. 82 A similar rim profile from Sagalassus: Poblome 1999, p. 306, type 1B170, fig. 29, no. 9. 80

Similar rim profiles: Harrison 1992, p. 216, fig. 5, no. 19; Hayes 1972, p. 338, form 3H, fig. 68; as well as Matthews, Metcalfe and Cottica 2009, p. 218, fig. 6.103, no. 1-3, 7 and 12. 78 Hayes 1972, p. 325, LRC, form 1A, fig. 65. 79 Niewöhner et al. 2013, p. 105, fig. 33, no. 1. 77

198

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

865

866

867

868

869

870

871

0

Plate 36, nos. 865-871: Local red-slipped ware, rim fragments of bowl form 4.

199

5 cm

Hadrianopolis III

872

873

874

875

878

881

0

5 cm

Plate 37, nos. 872-881: Local red-slipped ware; nos. 872-874: Rim fragments of bowl form 4; no. 875: A rim fragment of a dish; no. 878: A base fragment of an open form; and no. 881: A rim fragment of a jug/small pot?

200

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares

Plate 135, nos. 874-883: Local red-slipped ware; no. 874: A rim fragment of bowl form 4; no. 875: A rim fragment of a dish; nos. 876-878: Base fragments of open forms; nos. 879-880: Body fragments of open forms; no. 881: A rim fragment of a jug/ small pot?; and nos. 882-883: Body fragments of closed forms.

201

Hadrianopolis III 869- (No. 187): Rim fragment; Bath A, room 4, found in 2007. pl. 36/869 and pl. 134/869.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on upper exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Average hardness; non-porous, fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 4.5 cm., d of rim 23.0 cm., max. w 8.0 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

6th cent. AD.

Thin, matt red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with no visible inclusions.

874- (No. 1389): Rim fragment; surface find from Örenarkası, found in 2005. pl. 37/874 and pl. 135/874.

6th cent. AD.

Max. h 4.1 cm., d of rim 27.4 cm., max. w 7.0 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

870- (No. 41): Rim fragment; domus, room 6, found in 2007. pl. 36/870 and pl. 134/870.

Thin red (10R 5/6) slip on upper exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with some lime inclusions.

Max. h 2.7 cm., d of rim 25.6 cm., max. w 6.7 cm., max. th 0.6 cm.

6th cent. AD.

Matt reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

A Dish Fragment (pl. 37, no. 875; pl. 135, no. 875) Only one dish fragment belongs to this form. The everted and rounded rim has a painted dark reddish-brown band on its interior. This form was popular in the second half of the 1st cent. AD.; but in Sagalassus it is common until the 3rd cent. AD.83 In Aezani it is known during the 3rd-4th cent. AD.84

6th cent. AD. 871- (No. 139): Rim fragment; domus, room 4, found in 2007. pl. 36/871 and pl. 134/871.

875- (No. 260): Rim fragment; western tomb, found in 2007. pl. 37/875 and pl. 135/875.

Max. h 6.2 cm., d of rim 25.6 cm., max. w 9.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Thin red (10R 5/6) slip on upper exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with some sand and lime inclusions.

Max. h 1.9 cm., d of rim 24.0 cm., max. w 9.1 cm., max. th 0.7 cm.

6th cent. AD.

Downturned rim.85

872- (No. 146): Rim fragment; domus, room 4, found in 2007. pl. 37/872 and pl. 134/872.

Reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) and brown (7.5YR 5/4) mottled slip on exterior; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) slip on interior; a dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) band on rim. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with rare lime inclusions.

Max. h 3.9 cm., d of rim 26.0 cm., max. w 7.9 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Second half of 1st cent. AD.-3rd cent. AD.

Thin, matt light red (2.5YR 6/6) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, red (2.5YR 5/6) fabric with some sand ve infrequent mica inclusions.

Base Fragments of Open Forms (pl. 37, no. 878; pl. 135, nos. 876-878) They have round ring bases with a curved floor. No. 878 on pl. 37 has a stamped decoration on its tondo and a ring base

6th cent. AD. 873- (No. 145): Rim fragment; domus, room 4, found in 2007. pl. 37/873 and pl. 134/873.

Poblome 1999, p. 308, variant 1C132, fig. 56. Ateş 2003, p. 150, plate form no. 12, pl. 44, no. 246. 85 A similar rim profile from Sagalassus: Poblome 1999, p. 308, variant 1C 132, fig. 56, no. 2. 83

Max. h 4.7 cm., d of rim 27.6 cm., max. w 9.3 cm., max. th 0.9 cm.

84

202

Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Fine Wares Red (10R 5/8) thin slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with some lime inclusions.

which resembles to Hayes’ Late Roman C, form 1A, dated to the late 4th and early 5th cent. AD.86 876- (No. 1400): Base fragment; from the field surveys in Hadrianopolis, found in 2005. pl. 135/876.

880- (No. 185): Body fragment; Bath A, room 6a-c, found in 2006. pl. 135/880.

Max. h 1.8 cm., max. w 4.5 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

It consists of two joining pieces.

Possibly a plate. Rough surface on exterior foot.

Max. h 4.1 cm., max. w 8.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm.

Pink (7.5YR 7/4), unslipped surface on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, red (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with frequent lime inclusions.

Red (2.5YR 5/6) slip on exterior; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) slip on interior. Hard, thin, very sparsely porous, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) fabric with infrequent lime inclusions.

877- (No. 1484): Base fragment; restored with no. 1493, surface find from the village of Boncuklar, found in 2005. pl. 135/877.

Closed Forms

Max. h 1.4 cm., max. w 4.1 cm., max. th 0.4 cm.

(pl. 37, no. 881; pl. 135, nos. 881-883)

Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) and dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) mottled slip on exterior; red (2.5YR 5/8) slip on interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, red (10R 5/6) fabric with infrequent sand inclusions.

It seems that red-slipped wares in closed forms are very few in numbers, perhaps due to the intensive utilisation of glass as tableware. Jug/Small Pot?

878- (No. 186): Base fragment; Bath A, room 6a-c, found in 2006. pl. 37/878 and pl. 135/878.

(pl. 37, no. 881; pl. 135, no. 881) Fragment of a small thin walled vessel with a short squat neck and bulky body.

Max. h 2.0 cm., d of base 14.0 cm., max. w 5.8 cm., max. th 1.0 cm.

881- (No. 402): Rim fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, eastern slope, the lower temple’s terrace, close to the creek, found in 2005. pl. 37/881 and pl. 135/881.

Decorated patterns in a medallion in its tondo. Possibly a plate. Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine, light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with some mica inclusions.

Handle is missing. Max. h 3.1 cm., d of rim 13.0 cm., max. w 4.8 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

Body Fragments of Open Forms (pl. 135, nos. 879-880)

Red (2.5YR 5/8) slip both on exterior and interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with frequent tiny lime inclusions.

Since most of the body of the red-slipped vessels were left non-slipped, it is very probable that they were not collected during the excavations and surveys. Therefore, this group of body fragments contains only sherds with slip. Most of them have thickened walls.

6th cent. AD. Body Fragments of Closed Forms

879- (No. 308): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, southern slope, found in 2005. pl. 135/879.

(pl. 135, nos. 882-883)

Max. h 2.6 cm., max. w 2.7 cm., max. th 0.5 cm.

882- (No. 648): Body fragment; Kimistene, acropolis, western slope, found in 2005. pl. 135/882.

Most of them have a globular shape.

Max. h 2.3 cm., max. w 2.3 cm., max. th 0.5 cm. 86

Hayes 1972, p. 327, fig. 65.

203

Hadrianopolis III Red (10R 5/8) slip on exterior; pink (5YR 7/4), unslipped surface in interior. Average hardness; thin, non-porous, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) fabric with infrequent lime and sand inclusions. 883- (No. 1451): Body fragment; from an unknown location. pl. 135/883. This thick walled sherd must belong to a huge closed form with a belly. Two rows of dots as decoration pattern on exterior which is smoothed. It can also be classified as sigillata because of its shiny exterior surface. Max. h 5.1 cm., max. w 5.2 cm., max. th 0.8 cm. Shiny red (2.5YR 4/8) slip on exterior; light red (2.5YR 7/8), unslipped surface in interior. Hard, thin, non-porous, fine light red (2.5YR 6/8) fabric with tiny lime inclusions.

204

Chapter V Roman and Late Roman-Early Byzantine Terracotta Unguentaria and Lamps During the Late Roman-Early Byzantine period function of the terracotta unguentaria was changed from containers of perfumes to holy scents. This Late Antique-Early Byzantine vessel type was first described by J.W. Hayes1 and extensively studied by S. Metaxas.2 Hayes suggested that these vessels are the products of a single source and that their production was brought to an abrupt end in the mid 7th cent. because of the Arab invasions.3 Between the 5th and 7th cent. AD. Late Roman spindle shape was changed to a fusiform one, designed specifically to hold relatively small volumes of precious liquids. The base of this new shape is roughly cut off and the thin rim is marked off by a slight ridge.4 Most of the Early Byzantine unguentaria in Asia Minor (fig. 14) were found in religious contexts or domestic buildings.5 In some sites or regions, such as Kibyra, Pisidia or Lycia, the number of finds is enormous, although the main production centre(s) for these vessels of the eastern origin has/have not yet been discovered. So far very few places in the Black Sea area were reported as find spots of the Late Roman-Early Byzantine fusiform unguentaria.6 On the southern littoral of the Black Sea

Pompeiopolis seems to be the only findspot of the Early Byzantine unguentaria.7 During the Hellenistic and Roman periods there were several forms of terracotta unguentaria, changing from bulbous to almond-shaped. In southwestern Paphlagonia only one (no. 884) Late Hellenistic example has been discovered. After 5th cent. AD. the form of the Late Roman unguentaria became fusiform. At Hadrianopolis 12 fragments of Late Roman-Early Byzantine unguentaria have been found during the field seasons 2005-2008. All of the characteristics of Late Roman-Early Byzantine unguentaria at Hadrianopolis, such as fabric, clay, shape, etc., are exactly the same as for the finds from other parts of the Eastern Roman Empire. The breaking places are the same as the other examples, such as necks, body parts or rims. The fusiform spindle form of their body has a rounded and pointed base. Their body thickness varies from 0.5 cm. to 1.3 cm. All of them are very well fired examples with mottled surfaces in reddish grey (5YR 5/2). The visible inclusions are mica, quartz and sand. In some examples

Figure 14: Map of the distribution of the Late Roman-Early Byzantine fusiform unguentaria in Asia Minor until 2015. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Hayes 1971. Metaxas 2005. Hayes 1971, p. 244. Metaxas 2005, p. 71. A list of the previously known contexts: Laflı 2012b, p. 188. Metaxas 2005, p. 74, n. 54-56.

7

205

Domżalski 2011, p. 17, figs. 22a-b.

Hadrianopolis III Minor during the 6th cent. AD., as evidenced by examples at Saraçhane13 and Ephesus.14

one can see finger prints on the outer surface. Slip colours vary from reddish yellow (5YR 6/6-6/8), reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4, 5YR 5/3-4/4), dark grey (Gley 1 4/N, 7.5YR 4/1), weak red (10R 5/4, 2.5YR 4/2), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), pink (5YR 7/4), light red (2.5YR 6/6) to dark reddish grey (5YR 4/2). Only one example has been stamped: no. 890 on pl. 136 there is a planta pedis-like stamp. No monogram has been detected. No. 896 on pl. 136 could be a stopper.8

Archaeometric Analysis of Three Late Roman-Early Byzantine Unguentaria Fragments An archaeometric research using thin section geochemical analysis was employed to identify the mineralogical structure, petrographic components and elemental composition of the Late Roman-Early Byzantine terracotta unguentaria found at Hadrianopolis. The main goal of this analysis was to provide new datas for petrographic and geochemical comparisons. The research question behind this analysis was to find out whether our unguentaria have the same production source as others found elsewhere in Asia Minor. The raw material of the Early Byzantine unguentaria is previously thought to be homogenous so that one was certain about their character as an “imported” material group in numerous find spots in the eastern Mediterranean. The obtained data in our analysis could be useful for the comparison of minerals and inclusions of Late Roman-Early Byzantine unguentaria from Hadrianopolis with other unguentaria found elsewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean. The results of the chemical analysis by a Philips PW1606 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, performed by Dr Gürgül Hatipoğlu-Fles on the Laboratory of Ege Seramik in Izmir in 2008, can be evaluated in table 3. The thin section analyses were done by Dr Gürgül Hatipoğlu-Fles and Prof. Mümtaz Çolak on three Late Roman unguentarium fragments (nos. 893, 889

The Late Roman-Early Byzantine unguentaria fragments were collected mostly from the domus, with some fragments from the Bath A and the monumental tomb at Hadrianopolis. The terracotta lamp fragments, mostly Late Roman-Early Byzantine in date, were found in the rooms 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the domus as well as in the Bath A and the Bath B. A single fragment was found in the arched building in the western extension of the site. Very few terracotta oil lamp fragments have been found at Hadrianopolis, perhaps because of the intensive utilisation of glass lamp forms. Most of the lamp fragments belong to simple forms with poor quality and are medium sized. They appear in various shapes with and without handles. All of them are dated between the late 5th and early 7th cent. AD. Most of them are mould-made, have a round discus and convex shoulder with numerous decoration patterns. The paste colour of the lamp fragments varies from reddish yellow (5 YR 7/8-7/6-6/6), light red (2.5 YR 6/8-6/6), grey (10YR 4/1-6/1, Gley 1 5/N), reddish brown (5 YR 5/4-5/3), pink (7.5YR 8/4-7/4), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), brown (7.5YR 4/2), very pale brown (10YR 7/4) to light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4). Exterior surfaces are slipped in light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4, 5YR 6/4), light red (10R 6/6, 2.5YR 6/6-6/8), reddish brown (2.5 YR 5/4, 5YR 5/4, 7.5YR 5/4), grey (10YR 4/1-5/1, Gley 1 5/N), pink (5 YR 7/4-8/4), greyish brown (10YR 5/2), red (10R 5/6), light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6).

Late Roman Unguentaria Fragments from Hadrianopolis No. 893

The most distinctive undecorated shapes are nos. 901-902 on pl. 39 that are parallel to the Type 9 from Saraçhane with recessed circular discus and normal looped handle, which is dated to the late 6th or early 7th cent. AD.9 Elongated fragments, with broad and flat discus as well as shallow ones with a catherine wheel lines, radiating from the filling hole (no. 905 on pl. 36) and concentric semicircle patterns (no. 904 on pl. 36) are similar to the Type 15 of Saraçhane, which is dated to late 6th and early 7th cent. AD.10 Similar linear decorative patterns to the lamps nos. 911 and 912 on pl. 40, perhaps associated with a Christian allegory, are known from Chersonesus.11 This type of decoration is also known in Type 8 of Saraçhane,12 which is dated to the second half of the 6th cent. AD. Nos. 911 and 912 on pl. 40 have dot patterns on their shoulder, which is a very common decorative pattern on the lamps from Asia 8 9 10 11 12

No. 889

No. 891

% Weight Loss

1,40

0,34

1,31

SiO2

53,29

54,78

55,65

Al2O3

17,14

16,91

19,41

Fe2O3

8,657

8,641

6,851

TiO2

0,8397

0,8327

0,8608

CaO

6,327

6,637

7,839

MgO

7,227

6,812

3,386

P2O5

0,3137

0,1165

0,0958

Na2O

1,557

1,517

0,888

K2O

3,164

3,344

3,610

ZnO

0,02260

0,01994

0,02066

ZrO2

0,03446

0,03628

0,04003

BaO

0,0168

0,0126

0,0336

PbO

(accessed on 05/12/2015).

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