Greek Lexicographical Notes. Second Series: A Critical Supplement to the Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell-Scott-Jones 9783666251726, 5525251726, 9783525251720

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HYPOMNEMATA 74

HYPOMNEMATA UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR ANTIKE U N D ZU I H R E M N A C H L E B E N

Herausgegeben von Albrecht Dihle / Hartmut Erbse / Christian Habicht Hugh Lloyd-Jones / Günther Patzig j Bruno Snell

H E F T 74

VANDENHOECK& R U P R E C H T IN GÖTTINGEN

ROBERT RENEHAN

Greek Lexicographical Notes A Critical Supplement to the Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell-Scott-Jones

Second Series

VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT IN GÖTTINGEN

CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme

der Deutschen

Bibliothek

Renehan, Robert: Greek lexicographical notes : a crit. suppl. to t h e Greek—Engl, lexicon of Liddell—Scott—Jones / R o b e r t . R e n e h a n . — Göttingen : Vandenhoeck u n d R u p r e c h t NE: HST Ser. 2 (1982). ( H y p o m n e m a t a ; H . 74) ISBN 5-525-25172-6 NE: GT

© Vandenhoeck & R u p r e c h t i n G ö t t i n g e n 1982 — P r i n t e d i n G e r m a n y . O h n e ausdrückliche G e n e h m i g u n g des Verlages ist es n i c h t gestattet, das B u c h oder Teile daraus auf foto- oder akustomechanischem W e g e zu vervielfältigen. H e r s t e l l u n g : H u b e r t & Co., G ö t t i n g e n

COLLEGIO BOSTONIENSI ALMAE MATRI NON SEMEL SED BIS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Originally, Professor Bruno Snell was to contribute to this volume additional entries, chiefly from the tragic authors, but illness and prior commitments have unfortunately prevented him from so doing. However, through the courtesy of Professor Snell and of Professor Richard Kannicht, the joint editors of Tragicorwm Graecorum Fragmenta Vol. 2 (Fragmenta Adespota, Indices ad Volumina 1 et 2), I obtained at the eleventh hour uncorrected galley proofs of that volume and have attempted to include some at least of the material which Professor Snell had intended to provide. As one who is quite αμήχανος in the presence of a typewriter, I am particularly grateful to Randi Glick, M.A., and Meg Parker who did a splendid job of typing an idiosyncratic and multilingual manuscript. My graduate student Lorna Holmes undertook the drudgery of collating and verifying the typescript; she has my gratitude for detecting a number of inaccuracies which I had missed. Mr. Morgan de Tarr was of great assistance to me in the correction of the proofs. Finally, publication of this volume was made possible by a generous subsidy from the Ludwig Vogelstein Foundation, Inc. For this I should like to express my heartfelt thanks to the Foundation, and, in particular, to Mrs. Marjorie Chadbourne, who took it upon herself to bring my work to the attention of the Vogelstein Foundation. January, 1981

R. R.

FOREWORD

As the nature and purpose of this work does not differ from that of my earlier Greek Lexicographical Notes [ = Hypomnemata Heft 45, 1975, cited as GLN I], it should suffice to repeat here the pertinent paragraphs from the Foreword to that book. The present volume consists of a number of vocabulary entries which are either inadequately documented or non-existent in the ninth edition (1940) of the Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell and Scott, revised and augmented by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie ( = LS J). The material incorporated into the 1968 Supplement to LS J edited by E. A. Barber with the assistance of P.Maas, M. Scheller and M.L.West ( = Suppl.) has also been taken into account. In keeping with the plan of LS J, I have refrained from citing ecclesiastical and Byzantine writers (with a few exceptions where special circumstances seemed to warrant such citations). This ban does not, of course, extend to the Septuaginta and the Greek New Testament, both of which are often cited in LSJ. A brief explanation of the format should suffice. The words enclosed within quotation marks immediately after the Greek lemmata are in each case from the corresponding entry in LSJ. I have included these citations from LSJ in order to enable the reader to see at a glance something of the history of each word—its chronological boundaries, the frequency of its several meanings (if there be more than one), its distribution among the various genres of Greek literature. In connection with this last consideration, it is perhaps even today not superfluous to remind ourselves of a phenomenon which Wilamowitz summarized concisely in his Griechische Verskunst (pg. 42) : Von 800 bis 300 haben sich so die Griechen nicht eine, sondern eine Anzahl poetischer Gattungen, Stile und Sprachen geschaffen, die nebeneinanderstehen und stehenbleiben, die jeder lernen muß, wenn er dichten will, die er abtönen darf, aber nur so, daß die Abweichung als solche gefühlt wird ; vermischen darf er sie nie, und in keine darf er die Sprache einführen, die er im Leben spricht, oder in der er Prosa schreibt.

8

Foreword

The present collection has arisen, in good part, from a desire to refine my own knowledge of the diction appropriate to each several genre, rather than from a love of lexicography for its own sake. This will be seen reflected in the format of many entries. For example, when the attestation of a word for a particular genre (say, Tragedy or Attic Oratory) has been overlooked by LSJ, I call specific attention to this fact. And similarly with regard to chronology. Where LSJ have omitted the oldest extant occurrence of a word (in some instances the difference involved is one of centuries, not decades), this is explicitly noted. To the inexperienced the material contained in this volume may seem to involve substantial revisions to LSJ. In reality, of course, only a small percentage of the entries in LSJ are herein reviewed. And lest there be any misunderstanding, let me state it plainly. LSJ, the product of generations of scholarly cooperation and selfless labor, is the most useful aid to Classical Greek lexicography ever published. Were anyone to think that these supplements are offered in a spirit of disrespect for that fine work, no one would be more unhappy than I.

A άάζω "breathe with the mouth ioide open, Arist. Pr. 9 6 4 a l l . (Onomatopoeic word, for άαζω, make the sound aha\)" Add Arist. Mete. 367 b 2 κάί γάρ τοϋτο [sc. το πνεύμα] έγγνύεν μεν εστί άερμόν, ώσπερ και δταν άάζω μεν. άβονλέω "to be unwilling, Pl. Β. 437c: c. acc. inf., Id. Ep. 347a: — c. acc., dislike, object to, D.C. 55.9." Add. D. Ep. 2.17 (c.acc.inf.). αβρα, ή "favourite slave, Men. 64.3, al., L X X Ge. 24.61, Ex. 2.5, al., Plu. Caes. 10 . . ." Add Ezek. Exag. 19 (pl.). άγαϋοειδής, ές "like good, seeming good, opp. άγαϋός, Pl. Β. 509 a, etc. II. having the form of good, Plot. 1.7.1, al., Jul. Or. 4.135a, Proci. Inst. 25: Comp., Iamb. Protr. 4: Sup., Marin. Proci. 27." In Proci., loc. cit., the adverb άγα&οειδώς is attested and should be added to LS J. άγαπάω "greet with affection . . . III. to be well-pleased, contented . . . 2. c. part., ά. τιμώμενος Pl. Β. 475b, cf. Isoc. 12.8, Antiph. 169 . . ." Add Is. 8.43 ονκ αγαπά τα εκείνων εχων. άγκαλίζομαι "embrace, δατις κακόν άγκαλίζεται Semon. 7.77 AP 12.122 (Mel.), cf. Man. 1.45; χεροϊν εϊδωλον ήγκαλισμένος Lyc. 142 . . ." Add Moschio Trag. Fr. 9.3 προαίκτην άαλλόν ήγκαλισμένος. ày κάλια μα, ατος, το "thai which is embraced or taken in the arms, Luc. Am. 14: hence, darling, Lyc. 308. II. embrace, metaph., à. κλυσιδρομάδος αύρας Tim. Pers. 91." Another instance of this word has now turned up in Trag. Adesp. 679.11 K.-Sn. (broken context, possibly from a satyr play). άγκιστρεία, ή "angling, Pl. Lg. 823 d." Add a second (metaphorical) example in Aristaenet. 1.17 ονδε απαγορεύσω την εμήν άγκιστρείαν, εΐ και δνσ&ηρατος ή γυνή. αγκος, εος, το "properly, bend, hollow: hence, mountain glen, II. 20. 490, Od. 4.337, Hes. Op. 389, Hdt. 6.74, Theoc. 8.33, etc. ; Trag, only E. Ba. 1051." Add now Trag. Adesp. 445a K.-Sn. ήδ' αγκος ύψίκρημνον δρεσι περίδρομον (cited as from a satyr play; see the editors ad loc.)·, ib. 679.40 ]ç αγκεσι κ[ (not certainly from a tragedy).

10

αγκύλος — άγω

αγκύλος, η, ον "crooked, curved, τόξα 11.5.209, Od. 21.264, etc.; άρμα II. 6.39; κάλαμος Theoc. 21.47; of the eagle, άγκύλον κάρα beaked, Pi. P. 1.8 . . ." LS J cite no occurrence from tragedy; see Moschio Trag. Fr. 6.9 ου μην άρότροις άγκύλοις ετέμνετο / μέλαινα . . . βώλος. άγνώμων, ον, gen. ονος "ill-judging, senseless, Thgn. 1260 codd. (s.v. 1.), Pi. O. 8.60, Pl. Phdr. 275b . . ." Add Aristarch. Trag. Fr. 3 ώ ϋάνατε, σωφρόνισμα τών αγνωμόνων. άγριόω "aor. ήγρίωσα E. Or. 616, the act. tenses being mostly supplied by άγριαίνω . . . make mid or savage, provoke . . . II. mostly in Pass. . . . grow wild·, in pf. to be wild, properly of plants, countries, etc. . . ." Add Moschio Trag. Fr. 6.28 τον ήγριωμένον / είς ήμερον δίαιταν •ήγαγον βίον. άγύμναστος, ον "unexercised, untrained, Ιπποι Χ. Gyr. 8.1.38, cf. Arist. Pr. 888a23 . . . metaph., undisciplined, φαντασίαι Stoic. 2.39. 2. unpractised . . ." Add Critias Trag. Fr. 10 Sn. = Eur. Fr. 598 N. . . . ουκ άγυμνάστω φρενί ... ; Trag. Adesp. 323 δεινός σοφιστής, τών άγνμνάστων σφαγεύς. άγχί&εος, ον "near the gods, i.e. akin to them, godlike, Od. 5.35; of priests, approaching god, Luc. Syr.D. 31: as Subst., demigod, 10 3. 947." Add Od. 19.279 [ = Od 5.35], h. Ven. 200 άγχί&εοι δε μάλιστα κατα&νητών αν&ρώπων. αγχόνη, η "strangling, hanging, αγχόνης . . . τέρματα Α. Eu. 746; εργα κρείσσον αγχόνης deeds too bad for hanging, S. OT 1374 . . . " Add Neophron Trag. Fr. 3.2 δέρη βροχωτόν άγχόνην έπισπάσας, a passage which further illustrates the correctness of Ed. Fraenkel's observation "αγχόνη in a number of passages, in Semonides of Amorgos, in Tragedy and elsewhere means 'a rope for hanging', it also means 'the hanging', a fact emphasized by the ancient grammarians who differentiate between the meanings ή αγξις and TO σχοινίον, δ βρόχος." [ad Aesch. Agam. 1008 sq., 11.455. In a footnote he adds "In the 9th edition of L-S, as against the earlier edition, this use is no longer mentioned. The article in Passow-Crönert is much better."] αγω ". . . Α. II. 5. bring up, train, educate . . . of animals, train, X. Mem. 4.1.3." Add X. Cyn. 3.11 ήγμέναι άνεπιοτημόνως δύσχρηστοι είσιν (of dogs). αγω ". . . Β. Med. . . . 2. αγεσϋαι γυναίκα take to oneself a wife, Od. 14.211 . . . Hdt. 1.59, etc. . . . Hes. Th. 410 . . . Hdt. 2.47 . . ." LS J cite no examples from Attic; see Lys. 1.6 εδοξέ μ οι γήμαι και γυναίκα ήγαγόμην είς την οΐκίαν.

άδάρκη — άδρομερής

11

άδάρκη, ή or άδάρκης, δ "salt efflorescence on the herbage of marshes, Dsc. 5.119, Damocr. ap. Gal. 13.105: αδαρκος, ó, Gal. 12.370." Additional examples may be cited from Latin authors, e.g. Plin. H N 32. 140 inter aquatilia dici debet et calamochnus, Latine adarca appellata [καλαμόχνους appears to survive only here]; ib. 20.167; Cael. Aur. TP 1.1. H. Frisk, Griech. Etym. Wörterbuch s.v. άδάρκη states "Mit lat. adarca (seit Plin.) identisch und wie dies wahrscheinlich aus dem Gallischen e n t l e h n t . . . " άδιάλυτος, ov "undissolved: indissoluble, Pl. Phd. 80b; ενωσις Ph. 2. 635; σνμβασις Hierocl. p. 17.23 Α. . . ." Add Proci. Inst. 48, p. 48.10 Dodds άδιάλυτον εσται και άσκέδαστον; ib. 131, p. 116.30 al των ΰεών διακοσμήσεις άδιάλυτον κέκτηνται την συνέχειαν; ib. 125, ρ. 112.6. αδιάπτωτος, ov "infallible, Hp. Decent. 12, S. Ε. M. 7.110; άρχή ά. τη πάλει PRyl. 77.46 (ii Α. D.). Adv. -τως Plb. 6.26.4..." Add Iamb. Protr. 21 κ', p. 118.24 Pistelli. . . [φιλοσοφία] άδιάπτωτάς εστι καΐ ενστα·&ής. άδιεξίτητος, ov "that cannot be exhausted, infinite in extent or duration, Arist. Ph. 207b29, cf. Alex. Aphr. in Top. 86.27, Plot. 2.4.7, al.; αιών Ph. 1.554." Add the substantival use of το άδιεξίτητov in Proci. Inst. 94, p. 84.22 Dodds. άδολεσχία, ή "prating, garrulity, Ar. Nu. 1480, Isoc. 13.8, Pl. Tht. 195 c, Arist. Rh. 1390a9, Thphr. Char. 3 . . ." For a tragic instance of the word add Astydamas Minor Fr. 7 Sn. γλώσσης περιπατάς εστίν άδολεσχία. άδοξία, ή "ill repute, Hp. Lex 1, Th. 1.76, Pl. Phd. 82c, D. 1.11 . . ." Add Isoc. 14.39 (pl.); Id. Ep. 2.4; D. 57.52 κατ εμον λέγονσιν τάς εκ της πενίας άδοξίας (and elsewhere in Demosthenes). άδοξος, ov "without δόξα, inglorious, πόλεμος D. 5.5; disreputable, τέχνη X. Smp. 4.56 . . ." The word seems to have occured in tragedy; see Trag. Adesp. 423. άδρανής, ές "(δραίνω) impotent, feeble, AP 9.359 (Posidipp.), Plu. 2. 373d, etc.; το -έστατον ταϊς χερσίν LXX Wi. 13.19 . . . non-efficient, i.e. unreal, Simp, in Ph. 533.19, 815.24 . . ." For άδρανής in Neoplatonic philosophical contexts see Proci. Inst. 7, p. 8.8 Dodds; ib. 80, p. 74.28 πάν σώμα πάσχειν καθ·' αντό πέφυκε, πάν δε άσώματον ποιεΐν, το μεν άδρανές δν κα·&' αυτά, το δε άπα&ές; ib. 149, ρ. 130.26 α]ρες άνέκραγον. άναλαλάζω "raise a war-cry, άνηλάλαζον [ot στρατιώται] X. An. 4.3. 19; στρατός δ' άνηλάλαξε E. Ph. 1395: generally, cry aloud, Id. Supp. 719." For another example of this apparently uncommon verb see Astydamas Minor (?) Fr. 2a. 16 Sn. άνηλάλαξεν (of Achilles in battle). Note that the simplex άλαλάζω also occurs chiefly in Xenophon and tragedy in the classical period. άνάλωτος, ov "not to be taken, impregnable, of strong places or forts, Hdt. 1.84, 8.51 . . . Th. 4.70." Add Isoc. 11.13 (of the Nile river). αναμοχλεύω "raise by a lever, ά. πνλας force open the gates, E. Med. 1317; την Όσσαν Luc. Coni. 4: metaph. of dislocated limbs, Gal.

24

άναμφίλογος — αναπτύσσω

18(1). 403." Add L X X 4Macc. 10.5 άρ&ρεμβόλοις όργάνοις τάς χείρας αυτόν καΐ τους πόδας έξήρ&ρουν καΐ έξ άρμών άναμοχλενοντες εξεμέλιζον . . . άναμφίλογος, ον "undisputed, undoubted . . . Adv. -y ως without dispute, willingly, X. Cyr. 8.1.44; unquestionably, indisputably, Id. Ages. 2.12, D . H . 3.41, Luc. Herrn. 36." For the adverb add X. Oec. 4.7, 6.3. Xenophon appears to be the only classical author to use either adjective or adverb; the word is not Attic (where αναμφισβήτητος was preferred). άναπετάννϋμι "spread out, unfold . . . freq. in pf. part., open . . . metaph., ά. παρρησία open, barefaced impudence, PI. Phdr. 240 e ; δμμα â. impudent, brazen, Zeno Stoic. 1.58; â. τη ψυχή δέξασϋαί τι Luc. Nigr. 4." Add Plu. Them. 21 πολύ δ' ασελγεστέρα καΐ άναπεπταμένη μάλλον . . . βλασφημία χρήται. αναπηδάω Add a new meaning, to leap onto a horse in mounting, επί τους ίππους άναπηδαν, Χ. Eq. Mag. 1.5,17. άναπίμπλημι "fill up . . . II. 2. freq. with a notion of defiling, infecting, ώς πλείστους άναπλήσαι αίτιων Pl. Ap. 32c:—so in Pass., to be infected with disease, Th. 2.51; ά. της τούτου \τοϋ σώματος] φύσεως Pl. Phd. 67a, cf. Iamb. Myst. 5.15." Add Aeschin. 2.88 ει γαρ μηδείς äv υμών εαυτόν άναπλήσαι φόνου δικαίου βούλοιτο. Here the verb may have been taken, to some extent, as referring to a literal pollution; it is more metaphorical in Id. 2.72 ή πόλις ημών Μυοννήσου και της τών ληστών δόξης άνεπίμπλατο. That άναπιμπλάναι δόξης was a current phrase is suggested by several other passages missing from LSJ, D.20.50 την πάλιν ημών πονηράς δόξης αναπλήσει; Id. 24.205 τον . . . υμάς . . . δόξης άναπιμπλάναι φαύλης επιχειρούντα. D. 20.28 (αισχύνης . . . άναπίμπλησι την πάλιν και. . . απιστίας), listed in LSJ under meaning II. 1 ("fill full of") belongs here. Sandys on D. 20.28 comes to a similar conclusion and adds Din. 1.31 τους πράττοντας ΰπερ υμών τι της αύτον τύχης άνέπλησεν. For an example of this usage from the later period see Proci. Inst. 13, p. 16.5 Dodds και τά τοΰ ενός αμοιρα γενόμενα, διαστάσεως αναπιμπλάμενα κτλ. αναπτύσσω "unfold the rolls on which books were written, open for reading, à. το βιβλίον Hdt. 1.125 . . . 1.2. unfold, disclose, παν à. πά&ος A. Pere. 254, 294; πάντ' αναπτύσσει χρόνος S. Fr. 301; ά. προς φώς Id. El. 639, cf. Ε. HF 1256; φρένα πρός τινα Id. Tr. 662: in later Prose, Porph. Antr. 4." Add Antim. Fr. 22 Kinkel [ = Fr. 52 Wyss] αντίκα δ' η&είοισιν άναπτύσσων φάτο μΰ&ον. Plotinus uses the word in a philo

άναρδής — Αναφαίρετος

25

sophical 'metaphor', 6.7.2 : εί καΐ αυτό το είδος εκαστον προς αυτό άναπτνσσοις, ενρήσεις εν αντω το δια τί. Compare below s. ν. εξελίσσω. άναρδής, ές Add this word ( = "unwatered") to LS J from a poet (Euphorion? : Lobel) in POxy. 2526B. Fr. 3.6 γούνατ' άναρδέα σειραίνονται. άνάρρηγμα, ατος, τό Add this word to LS J from Trag. Adesp. 450 a K.-Sn. ώκνάλοις ποδών άναρρήγμασιν, where it seems to mean "swift burstings forth or springing» of the feet"; compare LS J s.v. άναρρήγνυμι I I and, for ώκναλος = ώκνς, LS J s.v. ώκναλος 2. The word also occurs in EM s. v. âvà ρώγας μεγάροιο in the expression το άνάρρηγμα τοϋ τοίχου, where it clearly means "breach". άνάρτας Add this word to LS J from Ath. 3.86 Β καλείται δ' δ άναρίτης [= νηρείτης, "sea-snail"] και άνάρτας. This is presumably a Doric by-form of άναρίτης (άνάρτας, a, 6). ανάστατος, ov "made to rise up and depart, driven from one's house and home, ά. ποιεϊν τινας, â. γίγνεσθαι, Hdt. 1.76, 177, 7.118, Isoc. 4. 108, S. OC 429, Tr. 39." Add Diog. Sinop. Fr. Dub. 5 Sn.= Trag. Adesp. 394 Ν. δς με ράκη τ' ήμπιαχε κάξηνάγκασεν / πτωχόν γενέσϋαι κάκ δόμων άνάστατον. άνάτασις, εως, ή "extension . . . 2. stretching oui . . . metaph., threats of violence, Plb. 4.4.7, Fr. 108 (pi.) ; μετά ά. καΐ απειλής Epict. Fr. 25, cf. D.S. 38.8." Add an instance from "Euxitheos the Pythagorean" quoted by Clearchus, Fr. 2 | F H G I I . 303 = Athenaeus 4.157C = Diels-Kranz F $ I 9 .414.9] : . . . πάντας ενλαβουμένους την των κυρίων άνάτασιν . . . άνατίϋημι ". . . 1.2. in Prose, refer, attribute, a thing to a person . . . Hdt. 2.135 . . . ib. 134; Φοίβω τήνδ' άναϋήσω πραξιν Ε. El. 1296 . . . Th. 2.64 . . . D. 18.290 . . ." For another occurrence in poetry see Xenoph. Fr. 11.1 D.-K. πάντα ϋ·εοΙς άνέϋηκαν Όμηρος ê' Ησίοδος τε (pointed out by Jane Carter); the verb remains essentially prosaic in this sense. άναψαίρετος, ov "not to be taken away, Men. Mon. 2, D.H. 8.74, D.Chr. 31.22; χάρις POxy. 273.15 (i A.D.); ωφέλεια Just. Nov. 68 Pr. . . ." Add Iamb. Protr. 5, p. 36.14 Pistelli μόνον τοϋτο όντως άγαϋόν άναφαίρετον. αναφαίρετος, ov "not to be taken away, Men. Mon. 2, D.H. 8.74, D. Chr. 31.22 . . . not diminished by subtraction, Theol. Ar. 30. Adv. -ως PFlor. 47a4 (iii A.D.), Just. Nov. 2.3 Intr." For the adverb add

26

άνδραγα&ία — άνέγεραις

Proci. Inst. 105, p. 94.19 Dodds ή γαρ άναφαίρετος ζωή το άϋάνατόν εστι, και το άναφαιρέτως δν âtôiov. άνδραγα&ία, ή "bravery, manly virtue, Hdt. 1.99, 136 al., Th. 2.42; the character of an wpright man, Ar. Pl. 191, Phryn. Com. 1; άνδραγαϋίας ενεκα στεφανονσϋαι Hyp. Lyc. 6." Both Demosthenes and Isocrates have this term; D. 22.72, 24.180 (both times quoting inscriptions on crown-stands); also [D.] 59.75, 89, 94; 61.39; Isoc. 3.44; 6.105; 18.65 (. . . ους εκ των έργων κρίναντες δι' άνδραγαϋίαν èστεφανώσατε . . .). άνδροβλής, ήτος, ό Add this word to LSJ from Trag. Adesp. 645.12 K.-Sn. Whether the sense here is passive, "struck by a man", or active, "striking men", cannot be determined because of the mutilated condition of the papyrus which preserves the fragment. For parallel formations see the editors ad loc. ; compare also perhaps άνδροφόνος (for this word in tragedy—not in LSJ—see GLNI s.v.). ανδρόμεος, a, ov "human, κρέα, αίμα, χρως ά., Od. 9.297, 22.19, II. 20.100; ψωμοί ά. gobbets of man's flesh, Od. 9.374; όμιλος à. throng of men, II. 11.538; ά. κεφαλή Emp. 134; ανδή, ενοπή, A.R. 1.258, 4.581." Add [Hes.] Sc. 256 αϊ δε φρένας ευτ άρέααντο / αίματος ανδρομέου . . . άνδρόω " . . . II. rear up into manhood, AP 7.429 (Mel.) . . . Pass., become a man, reach manhood, Hdt. 1.123, 2.32, Hp. Art. 58, E. HF 42, Ant. Lib. 13.3, etc. . . ." Add PI. Smp. 192 Α επειδάν . . . άνδρωϋώσι . . . and Arist. EN 1180a2 άνδρωϋέντας δεϊ επιτηδεύειν αυτά. These appear to be the only examples of the verb in extant classical Attic prose. (Compare however Arist. ( ? ) Pr. 903a35 άκμάζουσι . . . και άνδρονμένοις . . .) άνέγερσις, εως, ή "raising up, Plu. 2.156b. 2. waking up, ib. 378f." For meaning 2 add Iamb. Protr. 20, p. 103.16 Pistelli [ = "Anonymus Iamblichi" 7.11, II. 404.14 D.-K.] . . . την re άνεγερσιν εμφοβον και πτοούσαν τον ανϋρωπον . . . LS J ought to have indicated that in the only passage adduced for this meaning, Plu. Mor. 378F, the word 1) has an active force ("waking (someone else) up"), 2) is plural, and 3) is used in a semi-technical religious sense: Φρύγες δε τον ϋεόν οίόμενοι χειμώνος καϋενδειν, ϋέρους δ' εγρηγορέναι, τοτε μεν κατευνασμούς ["lulling to sleep" LSJ], τοτε δ' ανεγέρσεις ["chants to arouse him" tr. F. C. Babbitt] βακχενοντες αντω τελοϋσι. LSJ Suppl. state "add '(nisi leg. ανερσις stringing, tying on, cf. ερσις, άνείρω)'." They do not indicate whether this addendum is to be referred to meaning 1 or 2,

άνείδεος — άνεξέταοτος

27

but obviously it is to the former (see the passage). Thus άνέγερσις = εγεριης, "awakening" in its ordinary sense, appears to occur only (?) at Iamb., loc. cit. {supra) in classical Greek. Note that the work that Iamblichus is thought to be excerpting here has been dated to the fifth century B.C. (There are patristic examples; see Lampe s.v.) άνείδεος, ov "formless, νλη Placit. 1.2.3, cf. Ph. 1.417, al., Plot. I.8.3, al., Ael. Ν A 2.56; νλη without specific difference, Dam. Pr. 425 . . ." Add Sallust. 17, p. 32.3 Nock (ϋλη). άνείαακτος, ov "not initiated, = αμύητος, Iamb. VP 17.75; applied by Stoics to their opponents, Stoic. 2.250." Add Iamb. Protr. 21, p. 106.17 Pistelli; ib. 21.δ', p. 111. 13P. . . . τοις άνεισάκτοις και μαθημάτων άμνήτοις. άνεκτέος, a, ov "to be borne, άνεκτέα (sc. ε ση τάδε) S. OC 883; άνεκτέα τάδε (restored for ανεκτά) Ar. Lys. 477: άνεκτεον, Clearch. 4." Add Trag. Adesp. 382 . . . ανδρ' άνεκτεον τάδε; (Compare Kannicht-Snell ad loc.) άνεκτός, or "bearable, sufferable, tolerable, mostly with a neg. . . . II. Adv. -τώς, in Horn, always ούκέτ άνεκτώς, Od. 9.350, etc.; ουκ άνεκτώς εχει it is not to be borne, X. HG 7.3.1: without neg., Phld. D. 3 Fr. 2, Oec. p. 31 J." For Attic occurrances of the adverb see Isoc. 5.11; 8.126; 10.1; 12.110 (always without neg.). àvενδεής, ές "in want of naught, Plu. 2.1068c, AP 10.115; sup., Plot. 6.9.6, Dam. Pr. 13; πάντων á. βίος Hdn. 8.7.5 . . . " Add Sallust. 15, p. 28.9 Nock αυτό ... το όεΐον άνενδεές. ανενδοίαστος, ov "unhesitating, Ph. 1.440, 2.36; indubitable, Id. 1.302 . . . unambiguous, Anon, in SE 61.15 . . . Adv. -τως A.D. Synt. 218.19; without doubt, Ph. 2.319; unhesitatingly, unequivocally, 1.351, POxy. 138.25 (610 A.D.)." Add Iamb. Protr. 20, p. 96.8 Pistelli πιστεύεται . . . άνενδοιάστως. ανεξέταστος, ov "not searched out, not inquired into or examined, D. 4.36, 21.218, Aeschin. 3.22. II. without inquiry or investigation, δ ά. βίος ov βιωτός άνϋρώπω Pl. Ap. 38a." Add Isoc. 9.42 ονδεν άνεξέταστον παρέλειπεν. Note that the famous pronouncement from the Apology, traditionally rendered "the unexamined life is not worth living", is given a separate, active meaning in LSJ ( = a life that does not carry out inquiries). Verbal adjectives in -τος are in origin neither active nor passive, and can mean either—or both. Plato, loc. cit., is a case in point ; the βίος ανεξέταστος there is a life which neither carries

28

άνέπαφος — άνϊμάω

out philosophical inquiries in general ( = LS J II) nor is inquired into, examined (by its possessor) ( = LS J I). The words which immediately precede in the Apology are . . . και εμαυτόν και άλλους εξετάζοντος. This double sense of ανεξέταστος cannot be translated into English. ανέπαφος, ov "untouched, unharmed, ά. παρέχειν τι D. 35.24, cf. Syngr. ib. 11; ά. σώματα not liable to seizure, Men. Perinth. 8; έλευ&έρα εστω και ά. ODI 1532 . . ." Add D. 56.38 εάν ... μη παράσχ·ης τα υποκείμενα εμφανή κάί άνέπαφα; ib. 40 . . . εμφανή και άνέπαφον την ναϋν παρέχειν. άνευ "Prep, (never used in compos.) c. gen. (c. acc. only GDI 1157), without . . . In early writers it rarely follows its case, ύφηγητοϋ δ' ä. S. OC 502; ών à Χ . Gyr. 6.1.14; freq. in later Prose, as always in Arist., Metaph. 1071 a 2, al. . . ." It is not true that άνευ always follows its case in Aristotle; see, e.g., Arist. Ph. 200 a 5 ανευ . . . τούτων, a 8 ουκ ανευ . . . των άναγκαίαν έχόντων την φύσιν; Metaph. 1073 a 38 ανευ μεγέ&ους. What does appear to be true is that ανευ is always postpositive in Aristotle when used with relative pronouns. See further Bonitz, Index Aristotelicus s.v. ανευ and Ross on Metaph. 1071a 1. άνήνυτος, ov " = άνήνυστος, à. πόνος, ευχαί, Pl. Lg. 735b, 936c; ά. έργον πράττειν, of Penelope's web, Id. Phd. 84a, cf. E. Hei. 1285 . . ." Add Critias Trag. Fr. 1.14 Sn. = Fr. 16.14 D.-K. . . . ά&λον δέ μοι / άνήνυτον τόνδ' ψετ' εξηυρηκέναι. άν&οσμίας, ου, ό "redolent of flowers, almost always of wine, οίνος â. with a fine bouquet, Hp. Steril. 235, Ar. Pl. 807, Ra. 1150, Pherecr. 108.30 . . ." Add Longus 4.10 άνϋοσμίας οίνος Λεσβίος. άνϋρωπότης, ητος, ή "abstract humanity, Ph. 1.206, S. Ε. M. 7.273, Vett. Val. 346.29, Plot. 6.1.10, Dam. Pr. 58." Add Iamb. Protr. 21 κβ', p. 121.21 Pistelli. ανίερος, ov "unholy, unhallowed, A. Ag. 220, 769, Supp. 757; ανίερος άϋντων πελάνων unhallowed because of the unoffered sacrifices, E. Hipp. 146 (all lyr. passages); of a child born out of wedlock, Pl. R. 461b. II. receiving no victims, Άρης E. Fr. 992 (lyr.)." Add Trag. Adesp. 336b K.-Sn. ανίερος τύχη. άνίημι ". . . II. 8. a. the sense of relaxation occurs also as an intr. usage of the Act., slacken, abate . . ." Add Theocr. 18.27 χειμώνος άνέντος. άνϊμάω "used by early writers only in pres. and impf. . . . draw up, raise water by means of leather straps {ιμάντες), από τροχιλιας Thphr. HP 4.3.5, cf. Hierocl. p. 63.19 Α.; generally, draw out or up, αλλήλους

άνισάζω —

άντεραστής

29

δόρασι άνίμων Χ. An. 4.2.8, cf. Eq. 7.2; κάδον Sor. 1.93 . . . freq. used by later writers in Med. . . . " Add the metaphorical use (active) in Iamb. Protr. 21, p. 105.24 Pistelli: . . . olà τις γέφυρα ή κλΐμαξ κάτωθεν άνω καΐ εις νψος έκ βά&ονς άνιμώσα πολλού καΐ άνάγονσα την εκάστου των γνησίως προσεξόντων διάνοιαν. I t also occurs in the active ib. 21, p. 122. 17 P. άνισάζω "equalize, Hp. Vict. 3.85: Arist. ΙΑ 708M4, Gael. 293 a 2:— Pass., ib. 297 b 12." Add Arist. EE 1242b18, IA 708a8, PA 652*32. άνομοιόω "(ανόμοιος) make unlike or dissimilar, Pl. R. 546b, Prm. 148b:—Pass. (c. fut. Med., Porph. Abst. 1.37), to be or become so, PI. Tht. 166b, al." Add Proci. Inst. 36, p. 40.6 Dodds άνομοιούμενα τοις αϊτίοις ; ib. 110, p. 98.16 τά . . . άνομοιούμενα ταις από των άρχων . . . προόδοις; ib. 135, ρ. 120.13. ανοπλος, ον "without the δπλον or large shield, of the Persians, who bore only γέρρα, Hdt. 9.62: generally, unarmed, PI. Euthd. 299b, Onos. 42.17; το a., opp. το δπλιτικόν, of citizens not entrusted with arms, Arist. Pol. 1289b32." Add two instances from tragedy, IoniY. 53e Sn. απροσδόκητοι [yàg] και ανοπλοι πορΰονμεϋα ; Ezek. Exag. 210 . . . ανοπλοι πάντες εις μάχην χέρας. άνοργίαστος, ον "not celebrated with mystic rites, Ιερά Ar. Lys. 898; τελεταί, i.e. no true mysteries, Ph. 1.156. 2. of a god or person in whose honour no mystic rites are held, PI. Epin. 985d. II. uninitiated, Ph. 2. 268; άμύητος καΐ ά. των ιερών Them. Or. 13.166c." For meaning I I add Iamb. Protr. 21 κή, p. 122.18 Pistelli . . . τοις άνεπιτηδείοις και άνοργιάστοις (of those uninitiated in the Pythagorean 'way' of philosophy). άνοαιουργ ία, ή "impiety, wickedness, Pl. Ep. 335 b, Plu. Arat. 54, D.C. 71.30." Add Iamb. Protr. 13, p. 71.4 Pistelli ψυχή . . . άνοσιουργίας πλησ&εισα . . . άνόστητος, ον "unreturning, Orph. Α. 1269. II. whence none return, χώρος ενέρων AP 7.467 (Antip. Sid.), cf. Opp. H. 3.586, etc." Add an example from tragedy, Trag.Adesp. 658.17 K.-Sn. (broken context); compare άνόστιμος. ανταγωνιστής, οϋ, δ "opponent, competitor, rival, Dialex. 2.7, X. Cyr. 1.6.8, 3.3.36, Alex. 272; τivi τίνος X. Hier. 4.6, etc. . . ." Add the metaphor in Trag. Adesp. 167 τών εντυχονντων άνταγωνιστής