Greek and Roman Coins from Aphrodisias 9780904531411, 9781407353555

Table of contents :
Cover
Copyright
Title
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS: CATALOGUE
ABBREVIATIONS: LITERATURE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PREFACE TO THE CATALOGUE OF COINS
CATALOGUE OF THE APHRODISIAS EXCAVATION COINS
DIE IDENTITIES
COMMENTARY
THE APHRODISIAS MINT AND THE FINDS
NON-LOCAL COINAGE AT APHRODISIAS
PLATES

Citation preview

Greek and Roman Coins · from Aphrodisias

David J. MacDonald

_ BAR Supplementary Series 91976

British Archaeological Reports 122

Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 78P, England

GENERAL �DITORS A.C.C. Brodribb, M.A. Mrs. Y.M. Hands

A.A. Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil. D.R. Walker, B.A.

8.A.R. Supplementary Series 9, 1976: 'Greek and Roman Coins from Aphrodisias'.

© David J. MacDonald, 1976.

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780904531411 paperback ISBN 9781407353555 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780904531411 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

GREEK AND ROMAN COINS FROM APHRODISIAS

David J. MacDonald

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL I NTRODUCT ION

1

P REFACE TO THE CATALOGUE O F CO INS

2

CATALOGUE OF THE APHROD IS IAS EXCAVAT ION CO INS

3

D IE I DENT IT IES

1 7

COMMENTARY

1 9

THE A PHROD IS IAS M INT AND THE F INDS

2 8

NON -LOCAL CO INAGE AT APHROD IS IAS

4 0

P LATES

a te nd

ACK NOW LEDGMENTS

The current archaeological investigations of ancient Aphrodisias in Caria are in the fullest sense the personal achievement of Professor Kenan T. Erim of New York University. I am honored to be entrusted with a share of Professor Erim's labors. He has made possible my participation in the excavations and encouraged my work, for which I am grateful. No mention of Aphrodisias is complete without the extension of abundant thanks to the National Geographic Society for its generous support and the constant interest and concern of its Committee for Reasearch and Exploration. I thank Professor Tom B. Jones of the University of Minnesota, whose contributions to the study of the Greek imperial issues are well-known, for his time, :nstruction, and advice. Mr. H. Bartlett Wells of Washington, D.C., has reco�ized a number of specimens that would have remained uniden­ tified otherwise, collected plaster casts for me, and generally shared his great knowledge of numis­ matics. I appreciate his interest greatly. Dr. Fred Lauritsen worked beside me for an entire summer at Aphrodisias. To him I owe thanks for the initial cleaning and identification of many specimens and for subsequent aid. I also thank Miss Joyce Reynolds of Cambridge University for her aid in several matters touching upon the epigraphic remains, and Dr. Martin J. Price of the British Museum, who was kind enough to reply at length to several inquiries. Finally, I thank the editors of British Archaeological Reports, for their excellent advice and 1counsel.

ABBREV IAT IONS : CATALOGUE AR

s i lver

cmk .

c ountermark , c ountermarked

d am .

d amaged

d i a .

d i adem , d iademed

d r .

d rapery , d raped

g m .

g r am

h d .

h ead l e f t

l a ur .

l a ureate

l e g .

l e gend

mm .

m i l l i meter

o bv .

o bver se

r .

r i ght

r ad .

r ad iate

r e v ,

r e ver se

s t g .

s t and ing s pec i men i lus t ra ted o n p la tes a te nd o f monog raph

ABBREV IAT IONS : L ITERATURE

Aph

Aphrod i s ia s the c o in s l i s ted i nt h is c a ta logue .

A .a .g .M .

M . B ernhar t , Aphrod i te a uf g r i ech i schen M l inzen ( MUnchen , 1 935 ) .

AJA

Amer i can J ourna lo fA r chaeo logy .

AJPh

Amer ican J ourna lo fP h i lo logy .

ANSMN

Amer ican Num i smat ic S oc iety , Mu seum N ote s .

ANSNN M

Amer ican Numi smat ic S oc i ety , Num i smat i c N ote sa nd Monogr aphs .

BCH

Bu l le t in d e C or re spondance H e l l e fn ique .

BMC

C ata logue o fG r eek C o ins i n t he B r i t i sh Mus eum 2 9 v o ls .+ ( London , 1 873+ ) .

G IG

A . B oeck h ,C orpu s l n scr ipt ionum G raecarum ( Ber l in, 1 828 -77 ) .

CREB M

H . M a t t ing ly , e ta l . , C o ins o ft he Roman Emp i re i n t he B r i t i sh Mu seum 5 v o ls .+

F IG

J .K . B a i le , F a sc i cu lu s l nscr ipt ionum G raecarum ( Dub l in a nd L ondon , 1 846 ) .

F ITA

M . G ran t , F rom I mper ium t o Auc tor i ta s ( Camb r idge , 1 946 ) .

( London , 1 923+ ) .

G aeb le r

H . G aeb le r , D i e a nt iken Münzen v on Makedon ia u nd P a ion ia ( v o l . I o f D i e a nt iken Münzen NordGr i echen land s , e d . F . I r nhoo f -B lumer ; B er l in , 1 906 ) .

Geb t V / 1

R . G6 1 3 1 , ' De r A u fbau d er r 6m ischen M t Inzp rUgung i nd er K a i serze it : T e i l V ,1; V a le r ianu s u nd G a l l ienu s ( 253 -260 ) ' , NZ 1 951, 8 -45 .

G6b 1 V /2

R . G6b 1 , ' Der A ufbau d e r r 6m ischen M t lnzprägung i nd er K a iserze it : T e i lV ,2 ;G a l l ienus a l s A l le inhe r r sche r ' ,NZ 1 953 ,5 -35 .

G r . MU .

F . l mhoo f -B lumer , G r i ech i sche MUnzen : N eue B e i t rgge u nd U nter suchungen ( München ,

HN2

B .V . H ead , H i s tor i a Numo rum : A Manua l o f G reek Num i smat ic s , 2 nd e d . ( Oxford ,

Hunte r i an

S i r G . M acDona ld , C a ta logue o f G reek C o ins i n t he Hunter ian C o l lect ion , U n ive rs ity o f

1 890 ) . 1 911) G lasgow 3 v o ls . ( G la sgow , 1 899 -1905 ) . I GRR

R . C agna t , J . T ou ta in , a nd G . L a faye , e d s . , l nscr ipt ione s G raecae a d R e s Romanas P er t inente s 4v o ls . ( P a r is , 1 906 -27 ) .

J DA I

J ahrbuch d e s D eu t schen A rchaeo log i schen I ns t i tut s .

J IA N

J ou rna li n te rnat iona ld ' archdo log i en um i smat ique .

JRS

J ourna lo f Roman S tud i e s .

K a r . Mt l .

F . I mhoof -B lumer , ' Ka r ische M t Inzen ' , NZ 1 9 12 , 1 93 -208 .

K I . MU .

F . I mhoof -B lume r , K le ina s iat i sche Münzen 2 v o ls . ( W ien , 1 901-2 ) .

L a C ar l e I l

L . a nd F . R obe r t , L a C ar l e , Vo l . I:L ep lateau d e T aba ie ts e se nv i ron s ( a l l p ub l ished t o d a te ;P a r i s , 1 954 ) .

L BW

P . L eBas a nd W .H . Wadd ing ton , V oyage a rchdo log ique e n G rece e t e n A s ie M ineur e , I nscr ipt ion s , T ome I l ( Pa r i s , 1 870 ) .

McC lean

S .W . G rose , F i tzw i l l iam Mu seum: C ata logue o f t he McC lean C ol lect ion o f G reek C o ins

MA MA V I I I

W .M . C a lde r , J .M .R . C o rmack , e ta l ., e ds . Monumenta As iae M inor i s Ant igua , Vo l . V I I I:

3v o ls . ( Camb r idge , 1 923 -9 ) . Monument s f rom L ycaon ia , t he P i s ido -Phryg ian B order L and , Aphrod is ia s ( Manche s ter , 1 962 ) . M i

T . -E . M ionne t , D e sc r ipt ion d e s mdda i l le s a nt iques , g recque s e t r oma ine s 7v o ls . ( Pa r is ,

M iS

T . -E . M ionne t , De scr ipt ion d e s mdda i l le s a nt ique s g r ecque s e t r oma ines . S upp lement .

1 8 ( > 6 -8 ) . 9v o ls . ( Pa r is , 1 819 -37 ) . Mo .Gr .

F . I mhoof -B lumer , Monna i e sg recque s ( P a r i s a nd L e ipz ig , 1 883 ) .

NC

Num i sma t i c C hron ic le .

Noe

S .P . N oe , AB ib l iog raphy o fG reek C o in Hoa rd s ( ANSNN M n o . 7 8 ; N ew York , 1 937 ) .

Num .He l l .

W .M . L eake , Num i smat i ca H e l len ica 2v o ls . ( London , 1 856 ) .

NZ

Num i smat i sche Z e i t schr if t .

P BSR P IR2

P aper so ft he B r i t i sh S choo la t R ome . E . G roag , A . S te in , a nd J .S t roux , P rosopogr aph i a i mper i l Roman is aecu lo rum ( New e d . ; B e r l in , 1 933 -58 ) .

REG

R evue d e s E tude sg recque s .

R IG

H . M a t t ing ly , E .A . S ydenham , e t a l . , R oman I mper i a l C o inage 8 v o l s .+ ( London ,

R S

R evue S u i s se d e Num i smat ique .

1 923+ ) . SNG ( Cop .)

S y l loge Nummorum G raecorum ( Copenhag en ) D an ish S e r ie s . 1 942+ .

SNG ( F i tz .)

S y l loge Nummorum G raecorum ( F i tzw i l l iam ) B r it i sh S er ies . 1 931+ .

SNG ( v on A .)

S y l loge Nummorum G raecorum ( v on Au lock ) G e rman S e r ie s . 1 957+ .

SN R

S chwe izer i sche n umi smat i sche R und schau .

S vorono s

M . S vorono s , N o bubpara r o i )I < Pe LT O IX T x . ' 1T oXepa to In > 4v o ls . ( Athens , 1 904 -8 ) .

T&B

M . T homp son a nd A .R . B e l l inge r , ' G reek C o in s i nt he Y a le C o l lec t ion , I V : AH oa rd o f A lexander D rachms ' , Y a le C la s s ica lS tud i es 1 955 , 3 -45 .

Wad .

E . B abe lon , I nventa i re s omma i re d e l aC o l lect ion Wadd ing ton ( P ar is , 1 908 ) .

W eber

L .F o rrer , T he Webe r C o l lect ion 3 v o ls . ( London , 1 922 -9 ) .

WSM

E .T . N ewe l l , T he C o inage o ft he We stern S e leuc id M int s f r om S e leucus It o

Z fN

Z e i t schr if tf t . & Num i smat ik .

Ant iochus I l l ( ANS Num i sma t ic S tud i es n o . 4 ;N ew Yo rk , 1 941) . Z .g .u . r .M .

F . I mhoo f -B lumer , ' Zu r g r iech ischen u nd r öm ischen M L Inzkunde ' , RS 1 905 , 1 61 2 72 .

Z PE

Z e i t schr if t f a rP ap y ro log i e u nd E p igraph ik .

GENERAL I NTRODUCT ION

T he s i te o f Aphrod is ia s h a s b een i nhab ited f r om v e ry e a r ly t imes . C ur rent e xcava t ion s h ave r e ached C ha lco l ith ic l e ve ls , a nd e ar l ier d epo s it s may a wa it d i scove ry . S tephanu s B yzan t iu s ( unde r N tvo i 1 ) , p os s ib ly r e ly ing u l t ima te ly o n t he l o ca l h i s tor ian Apo l lon ius o f Aphrod i s ia s , c l a ims t he c i ty w a s ap re G reek f oundat ion a nd o nce b o re t he n ame s L e legonpo l i s , M ega lepo l is , a nd N inoe , t he l a st f r om t he g od N ino s . C er ta in ly , ap r ie s thood o f Z eus N ineud ios i s a t te s ted a t Aph rod is ia s ( MA MA V / // n o . 4 10 ) , b ut i ti sn o t a ppa rent w het he r S tephanu s B yzan t ius ' i n fo rmat ion h a s a n i ndependent b a s is o r i s mere ly a n i n ference d rawn f rom t he e x is tence o ft he p r ies thood . A rchaeo log ica l f i nds , i n c lud ing b l ack f i gure p o t tery a nd s ome a rcha ic s cu lp ture i n l o ca l marb le , i nd ica te t he c ommun ity e n joyed ad eg ree o f o u ts ide c ontac t a nd s oph is t ica t ion i nt he a r cha ic p er iod . Aphrod i s ia s , h owever , i sa b s ent f r om t he l i s t s o f D e l ian L eague memb er s . S i gns o f i nc rea sed p ro spe r ity a r e a ppa rent i n t he l a te H e l len is t ic p e r iod , a nd i tw a s t hen t hat t he l o ca l m int wa s f i r s te s tab l ished . T he d i sappearance o f r oya l p at ronage a t P ergamu m may h ave i nduced s cu lp to rs t o m igrate t o Aphrod i s ia s , t he s ource o f e xce l lent a nd a bundan t h-l a rb le . C er ta in ly , f rom t h is t ime u nt i l we l l i n to t he B yzant ine p e r iod , t he ma rb le t r ade a nd s cu lp to r ' s a r t w ere o f c h ief i mpo r t ance t o t he c i ty . T he l o ca l g odde s s a l so b egan t o a t t rac t a t tent ion o ft he o ut s ide wo r ld i nt h i s p e r iod . App ian ( Be l l .c iv . 1 , 97 ) t e l ls o f d ed ica t ion s made b y S u I la a tt he b ehe s t o f a n o rac le , i na l p robab i l ity f rom D e lph i . T he c i ty r ema ined l oya l t o Rome d ur ing t he d epreda t ion s o f M i thrada te s V I a nd l a ter L ab ienus . J u l ius C ae sa r made av a luab le d ed ica t ion t o t he l o ca l g odde s s , a nd t he c i ty r e ta ined ac lo se c l ient r e la t ionsh ip t o O c tav ian , s uf fer ing f o r i ta t t he h ands o f Ma rk An tony ' s a dhe rent s . R ecent e p i g raph ic d i scover ies h ave a dded g r ea t ly t o o ur k now ledg e o f t h i s t urbu lent p er iod a t Aphrod i s ia s . T he R oman i mpe r ia l p er iod b rought p r iv i leg ed s t a tus a nd g r ea t p ro sper ity t o Aphrod is ia s . I t wa s a lmo s t c er ta in ly O c tav ian who w a s r e spon s ib le f o r mak ing Aphrod is ia s ac i v i ta s l i bera e t i mmune , a s ource o f g r eat p r ide a nd r e a l a dvantage f o r t hree c entur ies . T her e s eem s t o h ave b een g enera l a f f lu e nce d ur ing t he f i r st t wo c entur ie s A .D . T he c i ty wa s g raced w i th g r and p ub l ic b u i ld ing s a nd p ro d uced men o f i mpo r tance i n g overnment , l i tera ture , a nd s por t . T he f i r s t h a lf o f t he t h ird c entury b rought p rob lems , b ut c ond i t ion s s eem t o h ave r ema ined g enera l ly f a vo rab le u nt i l t he e conom ic c o l lap se u nder G a l l ienu s . T he h e ro ic a c t iv it ie s o f D ioc let ian a ppear t o h ave e nded a g enera t ion o f e conom ic d i s turbance s a nd u shered i n as econd p e r iod o f p ro spe r ity f o r Aphrod is ia s . A lthough n o t i m mune t o t he d i s turbance s o f t he f our th a nd f i f th c entur ie s b y a ny mean s , Aphro d i s ias , a nd e spec ia l ly h er s choo l o fs cu lp ture , t hr ived b eyond t he a verage . T he s i x th c entury , h owever , b rought ma jo rd ec l ine i nt he c i ty ' s f or tune s . I n t h i s l a te r p er iod , Aphrod is ia s wa s r enamed S tauropo l is ( o r l e s s p robab ly T auropo l i s ) a nd d rew much o f i t s i mpor tance f rom i t s r o le a s t he r e s idenc e o f t he B i shop o f C ar ia . Af t er t he T urk ish c onques t , t h i s d i s t inc t ion d i sappea red a nd what r ema ined o f t he c ommun ity dw ind led a way . I t i sn ow t he s i te o f t he v i l lage o f G eyre , t he h ome o f o ve r ah undred p eop le . T he Aphrod is ia s A rcheo log ica l E xcava t ions w er e b egun i n 1 96 1 u nder t he d i rec t ion o f K enan T . E r im . S ince t hen , wo rk h a s g one f orwa rd e ach s ea son w ith f r u itfu l r e su lt s . T he n um isma t ic ma ter ia l d e ser ve s t o b e s t ud ied t ho rough ly , a nd i ti st he o b jec t o f t h is wo rk t o p resent a l c o in s d at ing b efo re A .D . 3 05 r e covered a t Aphrod i s ia s b etween t he o pen ing o f wo rk i n 1 961 a nd t he c lo s ing d ay s o f t he 1 973 s ea son . T he b eg inn ing o f t he f our th c entury mark s ad i st inc t b reak i nt he n a ture o ft he n um is ma t ic ma ter ia l f r om A phrod i s ia s , a nd p rov ide s al og ica l t e rm ina t ion f o r t h is s t udy .

1

P REFACE TO THE CATALOGUE OF CO INS

T he c ata logue wh ich f o l low s l i s ts a l c o ins s t ruck b efore t he r e t irement o f D ioc le t ian t hat h ave b een r e covered b y t he N ew Y ork U n iver s ity Aphrod is ia s E xcavat ion s , u nder t he d i rect ion o f K enan T . E r im , b etween t he b eg inn ing o f i n ve st igat ions i n 1 961 a nd t he l a s t d ays o f t he 1 973 s eason . T he c a ta logue i nc lude s b o th c o ins r e covered i n c ontro l led e xcava t ions a nd s t ray s pec imens b rought t o t he e xcava t ion b y l o ca l f a rmer s a nd v i l lage r s . T he s t ray s pec imens f r om Aphrod is ia s a r e more r e l iab le a nd v a luab le t han s t ray s pec imens f r om many o the r s i te s . R e la t ion s b e tween t he e xcava t ion a nd t he l o ca l c i t izens h ave b een e xemp lary a nd u n t i l r e cent ly t he a r ea w a s r e la t ive ly i s o la ted a nd i nnocent . S t ray s pec i mens wh ich w ere a cqu ired i n g roup s w ere k ep t a s s uch , a nd p erusa l o f t hes e g roups f i rm ly s uppo rt s t he c ontent ion t hat a l s uch c o ins s t em f r om l o ca l i s o lated f i nds . S pec i mens s hou ld b e r egarded a s i nd iv idua l f i nds , w ith t he e xcep t ion o f t wo s ma l l H e l len is t ic h oa rds n o ted i mmed iate ly b e low a nd n o t i n c luded i nt he g enera l c a ta logue . T he f i r s t h oard c on s isted o f e l even A lexander -type d rachms , a nd i sp ub l ished f u l ly i n K enan T . E r im a nd D av id J . MacDona ld , 'A Hoard o f A lexande r D rachms f r om Aphrod is im ' ,NC 1 974 , 1 71-3 a nd P l . 1 6A . T he s econd h oa rd wa s f ound i n 1 973 d ur ing t he e xcava t ion o f ac omp lex o f r ooms i n t he E a s t O deon a r ea . I tc ons isted o f t hree c i s topho r i , a nd t here w a s n o c onta iner : Obv . : C is ta mys t ica w ith l i d p ar t ly o pen f r om wh ich s nake e merges , a l i nw reath . R ev . : Two s e rpent s c o i led a round b ow c a se . N o .

Wt .

C ond it ion

R ev . s y mbo ls

R eference

R ight : l y re

SNG ( Cop .) 6 57

T ra l les M int 1 .

1.68 U nwo rn

B etween s e rpent s :ION L ef t : 2 .

1 .65 U nworn

TPAA

A s n o . 1

A s n o . 1

R ight : S tar

SNG ( von A .) 7 463

P ergamum M int 3 .

8 .36 V e ry wo rn

L ef t : f it U n le s s u nusua l c i rcu ms tance s p reva i led , t he P ergamum s pec imen must h ave b een s t ruck l ong b efore t he t wo T ra l le s c o ins . I n t he l i s t ing t ha t f o l low s , w e l l -known c a ta logue s , e spec ia l ly t he BMC a nd SNG s e r ies , h ave b e en p refer red f or c i ta t ion , b ut r e cour se t o o lder a nd l e s s e a s i ly a cces s ib le l i s ts n ever the le s s h as b een n ece ssary f r equent ly . T he n o tat ion ' n ew v a r iety ' i nd icate s t he c o in i sn ot p resent i n a t l e ast t he f o l low ing c a ta logue s: BMC , SNG ( Cop .) , SNG ( F i tz .) , SNG ( v on A .) , McC lean , Weber , Hunter ian , Wad ., Mo .Gr . , G r . MU . ,

Z .g .u .r .M . , M i , M iS , K ar .MU .

A l l c o ins a r e c opper o r b ronze u n le s s

o therw ise d escr ibed . T he m easurement i nd ica te s t he a c tua l d iameter o f t he c o in , n o t t he d ie i mp re s s i on , t o t he n eare s t m i l l imeter . We ight s a r e g i ven o n ly t o t he n eare st 0 . 1gm . Anyth ing mo re wou ld i mp ly ag r eater p rec is ion t han t he c ond it ion o f t he c o ins w ar rant . We ight s w ere t aken a f ten c l ean ing . T he s o i l o f Aphrod is ia s i sa l ka l ine a nd u nc leaned s pec i men s a r e o f ten s o c overed w ith l ime a nd s and p a r t ic le s t ha t w e ight s a r e mean ing le s s . C o ins r e covered i nc ontro l led e xcava t ions a re n o ted . A l i s t o f d ie i d ent it ie s a nd ac om mentary a ccompany t he c a ta logue .

2

CATALOGUE OF THE APHROD IS IAS EXCAVAT ION CO INS ROYAL I SSUES P er s ian emp ire 1 . AR s i g lo s . BMC S er ies

D . 1 6 mm . 5 .3 gms .

C a r ian D yna st : M au so lus * 2 . AR t e t radrachm . BMC 1 2 . 2 4 mm . 1 4 .0 gms . K ing s o f Macedon ia : A lexande r I I ( Po s thumous ) 3 . AR d rachm . T&B p .33 n o . 6 b ( Lamp sacus ) . 1 6 mm . 4 .3 g ms . * 4 . AR d rach m . T&B p .36 n o .41b ( Co lophon ) . 1 7 mm . 4 .4 gm s . 5 . AR d rach m . T&B p . 16 n o .14 ( Abydus ) . 1 9 mm . 4 . 1 gms . P h i l ip I 6 . AR d rachm . T&B p .32 n o .3a ( Lamp sacu s ) . 1 7 mm . 4 .3 g ms . 7 . AR d rachm . T&B p .37 n o .50 ( Magne s ia ) . 1 6 mm . 4 .2 gms . 8 . AR d rachm . T&B p .20 n o .8 ( Co lophon ) . 1 7 mm . 4 .2 gms . K a s sande r 9 .G aeb le r 1 12 p . 177 n o .10 . 1 7 mm . 4 . 1 gms . A f te r t he d ea th o f A lexander I V 1 0 . G aeb ler 1 12 p . 174 n o .7 . 1 5 mm . 4 . 1 g ms . 1. G aeb le r 1 12 p . 174 n o .4 o r n o .6 . 1 5 mm . 4 . 1 gms . E xcava ted . 1 2 -16 . T ype o f G aeb ler 1 12 p p .173 -5 . 1 6 mm . 3 .5 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 3 .8 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 3 .7 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 3 .5 gms . , 1 4 mm . 3 .6 gms . A l l e xcava ted . 1 7 . T ype o f G aeb le r 1 12 p p .173 -5 , b ut o n r e v , l owe r r .t he u n l isted monog ram M. 1 7 mm . 3 .3 g ms . E xcava ted . D eme t r ius P o ii o rce te s 1 8 . E .T . N ewe l l , T he C o inage o fD emet r ius P o l iorcet es ( London , 1 927 ) n o .163 : C a r ia ( ? ) , S e r ie s I . 1 5 mm . 2 .2 gms . T hrac ian D yna s t : Mo s t is 1 9 . W . W ro th , ' Greek C o ins A cqu ired b y t he B r it ish Museum i n 1 891' , NC 1 892 , 5 . 2 5 mm . 4 .5 gms . ( ho led ) . E xcava ted . S e leuc id K ing s : Ant io chus 1o r I 2 0 . WSM p p .250 -61: S ard is , u n it . 1 7 mm . 4 .6 gms . Ant iochus 1 2 1. WSM 1 391: S a rd i s , u n it . 1 7 mm . 3 .7 gms . 2 2 . WSM 1 404 , r .f i e ld s i gn u ncer ta in monog ram b a sed o n M : S ard is , u n it . 1 6 mm . 4 .2 g ms . 2 3 -5 . WSM p p .252 -60 : S ard is , u n it s . S e r ie s I :* 18 mm . 4 .0 g ms . , 1 6 mm . 3 .2 g ms . ; S er ie s 1o r I : 1 6 mm . 3 . 1 gms . A l l e xcava ted . 2 6 . WSM p p .253 -8 : S a rd is , h a lf u n i t . 1 5 mm . 2 .0 gms . E xcavated . Ant iochus H ierax * 27 . WSM 1 437 , b ut r . monog ram

g

l e g ib le h e re : S ard is , u n it . 1 6 mm . 4 .5 g ms . E xcava ted .

3

2 8 -9 . WSM p .264 : S a rd is , u n it s . 1 5 mm . 3 .0 g ms . , * 14 mm . 4 .3 g m s . O ne e xcava ted . U nce r ta in S e leuc id R u le r a nd M int *3 0 .

T ype o f A ph 2 0 -5 , b ut s t y le i sn ot S a rd is a nd r oya l n ame i sn o t l e g ib le . 2 0 mm . 8 .4 g ms . E xcavated .

S e leuc id ? 3 1 . Obv . : h d . r . , R ev . : A ncho r ?N o l e g . v i s ib le . 1 0 mm . 0 .9 g ms . E xcavated . L ag id K ing s : P to lemy I 3 2 . S vo rono s 7 11 ( Tyre ) . 1 6 mm . 7 .0 g ms . P to lemy V I a nd P to lemy V I I 3 3 . S vo rono s 1 426 ( A lexandr ia ) . 1 8 mm . 6 .0 g ms . U ncer ta in L ag id R u le r a nd M int 3 4 . T ype s a sA ph 3 2 , n o f i e ld s i gns v i s ib le . L ate s e cond c en tury B .C .? 2 2 mm . 5 .8 g ms . E xcava ted . J udaea : H erod A g r ippa I 3 5 . A . R e ifenbe rg , Anc ient J ew i sh C o ins ( J erusa lem , 1 965 ) , 5 9 . 1 6 mm . 2 .0 g ms . ( ho led ) .

C IV IC I SSUES A phrod is ia s , l a te H e l len is t ic i sue s u sua l ly w ith P l a ra sa . 3 6-45 . M iS 1 03 a nd Weber 6 373 , b ut r e v . l e g AM /AA i n comp lete o n b o th . 1 4 mm . 0 .5 g m . ( d am . ) , 1 3 mm . 1 . 8 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 2 .3 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 6 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 4 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 1 g ms . , 1 mm . 1 . 6 g ms . , 1 mm . 1 .5 g ms . , 1 mm . 1 . 2 g ms . , 1 0 mm . 1 . 8 g ms . T hree e xcava ted . 4 6 -8 . BMC 1 .1 2 mm . 1 . 8 g ms . , * 12 mm . 1 . 5 g ms . , 1 mm . 1 . 7 g ms . O ne e xcava ted . 4 9 -64 . A s Aph 3 6 -45 o r A ph 4 6 -8 . 1 3 mm . 2 . 1 g m s . , 1 3 mm . 1 . 8 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 2 . 1 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 6 g ms . ( 2 ) , 1 2 mm . 1 . 5 g m s . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 4 g ms . ( 2 ) , 1 2mm . 1 . 1 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 0 .8 g r . i . , 1 mm . 2 .0 g ms . , 1 mm 1 .5 g ms . , 1 mm 1 . 3 g ms . ( d am . ) , 1 0 mm . 2 .0 g ms . , 1 0 mm . 1 . 9 g ms . , 1 0 mm . 1 . 2 g ms . ; o ne w ith o bv . r ound c mk . o f g r ape s , o ne w ith o b v . u nce r ta in r ound c mk . , o ne w ith t wo o bv . u ncer ta in r ound c mk s . 6 5 -71. BMC 3 . 1 2 mm . 1 . 8 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 6 g m s . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 5 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 3 g ms . ( 2 ) , * 11 mm . 1 . 9 g ms . ( 2 ) . T hree e xcava ted . 7 2 -8 . BMC 1 5 . 1 9 mm . 3 .7 g ms . , 1 9 mm . 3 .2 g m s . , 1 8 mm . 3 .0 g ms . , * 17 mm . 3 .8 g ms . , 1 7 mm . 3 . 7 g ms . , 1 6 mm . 2 .4 g ms . , 1 6 mm . 2 .3 g ms . ; o ne w ith o bv . r ound cmk . o fg r ape s , o ne w ith o bv . r ound c mk . w ith f ema le h d . r . ,o ne w ith o bv . u ncer ta in r ound c mk . , o ne w ith t wo o bv . r ound c mk s . o f g r ape s a nd o f f ema le h d . r . ,o ne w ith o bv . r ound c mk . o fg r apes a nd r e v , r ound c mk . o f f ema le h d . r .O ne e xcava ted . 7 9 -80 . BMC 4 .10 mm . 1 . 1 g ms . , * 10 mm . 0 .8 g m . O ne e xcava ted . 8 1-4 . BMC 4 o r5 .10 mm . 1 . 0 g m . , 9mm . 1 . 1 g ms . , * 9 mm . 0 .9 g m . , 9mm . 0 .8 g m . 8 5 -7 . SNG ( Cop .) 6 9 . 1 mm . 0 .9 g m . , * 10 mm . 1 . 2 g ms . , 8mm . 1 . 0 g m . ( dam . ) . Two e xcava ted . 8 8 -9 .

1 . 1 mm . 2 .3 g ms . , * 11 mm . 2 . 1 g ms .

9 0 -1. BMC 1 9 . 1 6 mm . 4 .0 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 3 .7 g ms .

4

* 92 . BMC 1 9 , b ut r e v . l e g . IAAPASES 2NKA IA ( 1 ) 1 )03 , 1ZIES 2N . 1 5 mm . 3 .5 g ms . * 93 . AR d rachm . K a r .M t i . 1 3 . 1 7 mm . 3 .0 g ms . E xcavated . A phrod is ia s , i mper ia l p er iod , w ithout i mpe r ia l p o r t ra it s T ime o f t he F lav ian s * 94 . Wad . 2 190 . 2 0 mm . 5 .0 g m s . L a te F i r st t o E a r ly T h ird C entury A .D . * 95 . K a r .M ( . 1 . 1 4 . 1 3 mm . 2 .3 g m s . 9 6 -135 . K ar . M . 1 4 o r BMC 8 4 . 1 5 mm . 2 .4 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 2 .2 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 3 .3 g ms . ( 2 ) , 1 4 mm . 3 .0 gms . , 1 4 mm . 2 .9 g ms, 1 4 mm . 2 .6 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 2 .3 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 2 .2 gms . , * 14 mm . 2 . 1 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 1 . 6 gms . , 1 3 mm . 3 .2 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 2 .7 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 1 .6 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 2 .5 g ms . ( 3 ) , 1 3 mm . 2 .4 g ms . , 1 3mm . 2 .3 g ms . , 1 3 mm 2 .2 g ms . (2 ) , 1 3 mm . 2 . 1 g ms . ( 2 ) , 1 3 mm . 1 . 9 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 1 .8 g ms . ( 2 ) , 1 3 mm . 1 . 7 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 1 . 6 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 1 . 4 g ms . 1 3 mm . 1 . 2 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 2 .7 gms . , 1 2 mm . 2 .6 g ms . , 1 2mm . 2 .2 g ms . ( 3 ) , 1 2 mm . 1 . 5 g ms . , 1 2 mm . 1 . 4 g ms . ( 2 ) , 1 mm . 2 .8 gms . , 1 mm . 2 .0 g ms . T ime o f M arcus A ure l ius 1 36 . BMC 2 8 . 2 4 mm . 8 .2 g ms . T ime o f M arcus A ure l ius ? * 137 . BMC 3 6 . 2 1 mm . 4 .7 g ms . L ate S econd C entury ? 1 38 . SNG ( Cop .) 13 . 2 1 mm . 7 .0 g m s . 1 39 -40 . T ype s a s SNG ( Cop .) 13 , b ut l e g . i l eg ib le a nd e xac t r e con s truc t ion u ncer ta in . T ime o f S ept im ius S everus 1 41 -2 . BMC 3 8 . 1 9 mm . 3 . 1 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 3 .0 g ms . O ne e xcava ted . 1 43 -5 . BMC 3 9 . * 19 mm . 6 .0 g ms . , 1 9 mm . 3 .9 g ms . ( dam . ) , 1 7 mm . 3 .0 g m s . ( d am . ) . 1 46 . BMC 4 0 . 2 0 mm . 3 .2 g ms . E xcava ted . 1 47 . SNG ( von A .) 2 447 . 1 8 mm . 2 .8 g ms . 1 48 . BMC 4 3 , b ut r e v . l e g . d i v ided d i f fe rent ly , A c I )P0A 1 C IES 2N . 1 9 mm . 2 .9 g ms . 1 49 . BMC 4 3 o r A ph 1 48 . 1 9 mm . 4 . 1 g ms . E xcava ted . 1 50 . G enera l t ype o f Aph 1 41 -9 , b ut r e v . E ro s s t g . i nu ncer ta in a t t itude . 2 0 mm . 5 .9 gms . 1 5 1 . BMC 6 4 . 1 9 mm . 2 .2 g ms . * 152 . Z .g .u . r .M . 1 ,b ut r e v . m isde sc r ibed i nt ext ; h d . o f T yche i st o r .2 1 mm . 6 .4 g ms . 1 53 -4 . BMC 5 3 . 2 4 mm . 7 . 1 g ms . , 2 4 mm . 5 .9 g ms . 1 55 . BMC 3 0 , w ith s ame cmk . , Bi no va l . 2 4 mm . 9 .2 g ms . 1 56 . SNG ( von A .) 2 452 . 2 3 mm . 7 .0 gms . E xcava ted . * 157 . SNG ( Cop .) 9 9 . 2 5 mm . 8 .6 g ms . E xcava ted . 1 58 . S ame o bv . d ie a s BMC 5 5 -6 , r e v . i l eg ib le . 2 4 mm . 7 .6 gms . E xcavated . T ime o f Go rd ian I l t hrough P h i l ip I ' 159 . SNG ( Cop .) 14 . 2 0 mm . 4 .2 g ms . * 160 . Weber 6 399 , w ith o bv . cmk . Bi no va l . 2 4 mm . 8 .0 g ms . F i r s t h a lf o f t he T h ird C entury 1 61 . 8MC 8 3 . 1 6 mm . 2 .0 g ms . 1 62 -3 . BMC 8 2 , b ut o n r e v . h d . I .* 17 mm . 4 .6 g ms . , 1 6 mm . 3 .6 gms . ( d am . ) . O ne e xcava ted . * 164 . N ew v a r iety . Obv . : r ad . d r . b u s t o f H e l io s r . , R ev . : N ike s t g . I . ,h o ld ing w rea th a nd p a lm . A ( 1 )P0AE I C 1E S2N . 1 7 mm . 4 .7 g ms . 1 65 . BMC 6 7 . 2 0 mm . 5 .2 g ms . 1 66 . BMC 6 8 . 1 6 mm . 3 .2 g ms . 1 67 . BMC 6 7o r6 8 . 1 8 mm . 2 .7 g m s . E xcavated . 1 68 . BMC 6 9 . 1 8 mm . 2 .7 gms .

5

1 69 . BMC 6 9 o r M i 19 . 1 7 mm . 2 .7 g ms . 1 70 -1. SNG ( von A .) 2 437 . 1 5 mm . 2 .6 g ms . , 1 4 mm

1 . 6 g m s . ( d am . ) .

1 72 . SNG ( Cop .) 7 8 . 1 6 mm . 3 .4 g ms . 1 73 -4 . K I . MG . 6 . 1 7 mm . 3 .8 g ms . , * 17 mm . 3 . 1 g ms . ( d am . ) .O ne e xcava ted . 1 75 -6 . M iS 13 . 1 8 mm . 3 .6 g ms . , 1 7 mm . 4 . 1 g ms 1 77 . BMC 7 3o r Webe r6 377 . 1 6 mm . 3 .0 g ms . * 178 . Weber 6 390 . 1 8 mm . 3 .5 g ms . E xcava ted . 1 79 -80 . SNG ( von A .) 2 441 , b ut n o d r . a tn eck . 2 1 mm . 5 .6 g m s . , 2 1 mm . 3 .9 gms . 1 8 1-3 . SNG ( Cop .) 11 . 2 0 mm . 3 .2 g ms . , 1 9 mm . 3 .9 g ms . , * 19 mm . 3 .3 g ms . 1 84 . BMC 3 3 -4 , b ut o bv . l a ur . h d . r .2 3 mm . 6 .0 g ms . 1 85 . BMC 2 5 . 2 4 mm . 9 .9 g ms . 1 86 . Wad . 2 193 . 2 4 mm . 9 .4 g ms . 1 87 . Weber 6 391 . 2 4 mm . 6 .4 g ms . E xcava ted 1 88 . SNG ( Cop .) 9 5 . 2 5 mm . 1.5 g ms . 1 89-90 . SNG ( Cop .) 1 02 . 2 4 mm . 6 .2 g ms . , 2 3 mm . 4 .6 g ms . 1 91 . SNG ( Cop .) 1 03 o r Weber 6 393 . 2 3 mm . 6 .4 g ms . 1 92 . M iS 1 23 , b ut o n r e v . p anther I .b y f e e t o f D ionyso s . 1 9 mm . 4 .5 g ms . 1 93 . S ame o bv . d ie a s SNG ( Cop .) 1 00 , w ith cmk . Bi no va l , r e v . i l eg ib le . 2 3 mm . 5 .9 g ms . E xcava ted . 1 94 . Obv . : h d . o r b us t o f D emo s o r S ynk le to s r . , n o l e g . v i s ib le , R ev . : Aphrod ite s t g . I . ,h o ld ing a pp le o i p a te ra a nd l ong s cepte r ; n o l e g . v i s ib le . 1 6 mm . 3 .5 g ms . ( d am . ) . 1 95 . Obv . : h d o r b us t I . ,t r ace s o f l e g . , R ev . : t hree b a r ren b ranche s i n at r e l l is e nc lo sure , n o l e g . v i s ib le . 2 5 mm . 6 . 1 g ms . T ime o f V a ler ian o r G a l l ienus 196 . H ans H o lze r , T he T homa s 0 / l ive Mabbot t C o l lect ion ( S a le C a ta logue , H ans M .F . S chu l man G a l lery , N ew Yo rk , 1 969 ) , 1 695 .31 mm . 1 2 .5 g ms . T ime o f G a l l ienus 1 97 -8 . BMC 3 34 . * 24 mm . 6 .0 g ms . , 2 3 mm . 6 .2 g ms . A phrod is ia s , w ith i mper ia l p or t ra it s A ugus tus 1 99 -200 . Mo .Gr . 2 1 . 1 2 mm . 2 .7 gms . , 1 mm . 2 .4 g ms . 2 01 . BMC 9 1 . 1 6 mm . 2 .6 g ms . 2 02 -3 . BMC 9 3 . * 15 mm . 3 .6 g ms . , 1 4mm . 2 .0 g ms . 2 04 -11. BMC 9 0 -3 , a r rangemen t o f r e v . l e g . n o t a ppa rent . 1 6 mm . 1 . 7 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 2 .9 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 3 .6 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 3 .4 gms . , 1 4 mm . 2 .2 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 1 . 7 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 3 . 1 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 2 .5 g ms . O ne e xcavated . 2 12 -5 . BMC 8 5 . 1 9 mm . 4 .5 g ms . , 1 9 mm . 4 . 1 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 3 .3 g ms . , 1 7 mm . 3 .8 g ms . A ugus tus a nd L i v ia 2 16 -20 . BMC 9 4 . 1 8 mm . 5 .2 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 5 .0 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 4 .2 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 3 .6 g ms . , * 17 mm . 4 .3 g ms . G a ius C ae sa r 2 21 -7 . BMC 9 7 . * 16 mm . 2 .2 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 2 .7 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 2 .5 g ms . , 1 5 mm . 2 .4 g m s . , 1 5 mm . 1 . 5 g ms . , 1 4 mm . 2 .4 g ms . , 1 3 mm . 2 . 1 g ms . D ivus A ugus tus 2 28 -9 . BMC 9 9 . 2 0 mm . 4 .0 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 3 .5 g ms . A ugustus o r D ivus A ugus tus 2 30 -7 . BMC 8 5o r BMC 9 9 . 2 0 mm . 4 .7 g ms . , 2 0 mm . 4 . 1 g ms . , 1 9 mm . 5 .3 g ms . , 1 9 mm . 4 .0 g ms . , 1 9 mm . 3 . 1 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 3 .9 g ms . , 1 7 mm . 5 .2 g ms . , 1 7 mm . 3 .8 g ms . Two e xcava ted .

6

C r isp ina *2 38 .

N ew v ar iety . O bv . : d r . b us t o f C r isp ina r . KP ICHE INA ATF . . . , R ev . : T yche s t g . I . ,w ear ing

mod ius , a nd h o ld ing r udde r a nd c o rnucop iae . A (PPOAE IC IE SZN . 3 2 mm . 2 0 .5 g ms . E xcavated . S ep t im ius S everus 2 39 . SNG ( von A .) 2 458 . 3 1 mm . 1 6 .6 g ms . ( d am . ) . J u l ia D omna 2 40 . BMC 18 . 2 8 mm . 1.0 g ms . P h i l ip I * 241 . N ew v ar ie ty . O bv . : l a ur . b us t o f P h i l ip r .w ith s l ight d r . ATKMAP IOT ( 1 ) 1A I I II I0C . . . , R ev . : a gon ist ic t ab le o n wh ich p r ize u rn w ith p a lm , i n sc r ibed FOPA IAN , o n e i the r s i de as ma l l p ur se . B e low t ab le . . / . .HA/ M )PO/AE IC l/ S2N -much c onfu sed b y d oub le s t r ik ing . E I I IAPX I I0A 1A A I IOAAN IA I ne x . NOT . 3 3 mm . 1 9 .0 g ms . G a l l ienus * 242 . N ew v ar iety . O bv . : b us t o f G a l l ienus I . ,w ea r ing h e l me t e nc irc led b y r ad . c rown a nd a rmed w ith c u ira s s , s h ie ld , a nd s pea r ATKA IT IOAFAA A IHNOC , R ev . : c u lt s t a tue o f Aphrod ite r .w ith in t e t ra sty le t emp le .A ( I )P0 AE IC I E I ne x . 2N . 2 6 mm . 1 0 .6 mm . 2 43 . BMC 1 33 . 2 6 mm . 8 .7 g ms . 2 44 . BMC 1 33 -4 , b ut r e v . l e g . d i v ided d i f ferent ly , A c DPOAE I C IE

N . 2 5 mm . 7 .5 gms .

2 45 . BMC 1 334 , b ut r e v , l e g . d i v ided d i f ferent ly , A( 1 ) 130 A I C IE S ZN . 2 5 mm . 6 .9 g ms . 2 46 . A .a .g .M . 3 5 . 2 4 mm . 8 .3 g ms . 2 47 . T ype o f Aph 2 43 -6 , b ut a r rangement o f r e v , l e g . n o t a pparent . 2 6 mm . 7 .3 g ms . * 248 . N ew v ar ie ty . O bv . : r ad . b us t o f G a l l ienus I . ,w ea r ing c u ira s s a nd p a iudamentum . ATKA IT IOA A IHNOC , R ev . : G a l l ienus o n h o r seback I . ,h o ld ing j a ve l in . A( I ) PO I C I

I ne x . E S ZN . 2 5 mm .

1 0 .4 gms . E xcava ted . 2 49 . SNG ( von A .) 2 468 . 2 3 mm . 8 .4 g ms . 2 50 -1 . A s Aph 2 48 -49 , b ut a r rangement o f l e g s . c anno t b e r e con st ructed . 2 4 mm . 5 .5 gms . ( dam . ) , 2 4 mm . 4 .4 g ms , ( d am . ) . O ne e xcavated . 2 52 . BMC 1 49 . 2 8 mm . 8 .5 g ms . E xcava ted . 2 53 . T ype o f BMC 1 47 . 2 4 mm . 7 .7 gms . 2 54 . K a r .M ( 1 . 1 7 , e xcep t empe ro r d oe s n ot h o ld c u lt sta tue o f A phrod ite . 2 7 mm . 9 .4 gms . S a lon ina 2 55 . BMC 1 58 o r M iS 1 64 . 2 2 mm . 6 .0 g ms . ( ho led ) . 2 56 -7 . BMC 1 58 , b ut r e v . l e g . d i v ided d i f fe rent ly , A cDPOL \E I C IE S 2N . 2 3 mm . 5 .2 gms . , 2 1 mm . 5 .0 g ms . O ne e xcavated . 2 58 -9 . BMC 1 59 , b ut a r rangemen t o f l e g s . n ot a ppa rent . 2 3 mm . 6 . 1 gms . , 2 2 mm . 6 . 1 g ms . *2 60 . M iS 1 65 . 1 8 mm . 4 .5 g ms . 2 62 -3 . SNG ( Cop .) 1 38 . 2 4 mm . 6 .7 g ms . , 2 2 mm . 6 .3 gms . 2 64 -5 . BMC 1 55 . 2 3 mm . 5 .3 g ms . , * 22 mm . 6 . 1 g ms . One e xcava ted . 2 66 . Wad . 2 224 . 2 2 mm . 7 .0 g m s . 2 67 . SNG ( von A .) 2 477 . 2 4 mm . 5 .5 gms . *2 68 . S iVG ( von A .) 2 477 , b ut r e v , l e g . d i v ided d i f ferent ly , Ad )POZ IE I C [ IES 2N 1 . 2 3 mm . 5 . 1 g ms . E xcava ted . 2 69 . A nc ient c a st c opy . T ype s a s Aph 2 67 -8 , a r rangement o f l e g s . n o t a ppa rent . 2 0 mm . 8 .0 gms . C ounte rma rk a pp l ied a t Aphrod is ia s 2 70 -4 . Cmk . : C u lt s t a tue o f A phrod ite o f Aphrod is ia s s t g . r . , i no va l . 2 0 mm . 2 .6 gms . , 1 8 mm . 3 .8 g ms . , 1 8 mm . 3 .7 gms . , * 18 mm . 2 .8 g ms . , * 15 mm . 2 .4 g ms . O ne f l an b ear s t r ace s o f ap o r t ra it h d . r . ; t he r e st a r e wo rn s moo th . O ne a l so b ea r s a n u ncer ta in r ound cmk . O ne e xcava ted .

7

MYS IA C yme 2 75 . N ew v a r iety . Obv . : l a ur . b us t o f C araca l la r . , w ear ing c u ira s s a nd p a ludamentum . ATKMATP ANT 2NE 1NOC , R ev . : A sc lep ius s t g . t o f r ont , h d . I . ,h o ld ing s nake s t af f . E T I ICTPA . ( 1 )A . I 1A TCEPS 2TOCKTM /A l2N . 3 6 mm . 2 8 .1 gms . E xcava ted . P ergamum 2 76 . BMC 1 58 -9 . 1 9 mm . 1 .7 g ms . E xcavated .

I ON I A C o lophon 2 77 . J .G . M i lne , Ko lophon a nd i t s C o inage ( A NSNNM n o .96 ; N ew Yo rk , 1 941) , 1 50 . 9 mm . 0 .8 g m . E xcava ted . 2 78 . H e renn ius E t ruscus . M i lne ( s upr a ) 2 54 . 2 1 mm . 4 .4 g ms . E xcava ted . E phe sus 2 79 . T ype o f BMC 7 2 -3 . 1 5 mm . 3 .4 g ms . E xcava ted . 2 80 . T ype o f BMC 6 3 -7 . 1 4 mm . 2 .0 g ms . 2 81. A s Aph 2 80 , b ut s l ight ly l a ter s t y le . 9 mm . 0 .8 gm . 2 82 . BMC 6 8 -70 . 1 mm . 1 . 4 g ms . 2 83 . T ype o f BMC 1 3442 . 2 0 mm . 4 .7 g ms . E xcava ted . xcava ted . 2 84 . T ype o f BMC 1 79 -81 . 2 6 mm . 6 .7 g ms . E xcavated . 2 85 . S ept im ius S everus . McC lean 8 110 . 1 7 mm . 3 . 1 g ms . E 2 86 . S ep t im ius S eve rus . BMC 2 61 . 3 3 mm . 2 3 .4 gms . E xcava ted . 2 87 . C araca l la . Wad . 1 636 . 3 5 mm . 1 8 .6 gm s . E xcava ted . *2 88 .

D iadumen ianus . M i 3 76 . 1 7 mm . 3 .2 gms .

2 89 . S eve rus A lexander . SNG ( von A .) 7 880 . 2 3 mm . 3 .4 g m s . E xcava ted . 2 90 . V a ler ian . SNG ( von A .) 1 922 . 2 7 mm . 7 .6 g ms . * 291 . V a ler ian . M iS 7 84 . 2 7 mm . 7 .3 g ms . E xcava ted . 2 92 . V a ler ian . M iS 7 95 . 2 1 mm . 3 .6 g ms . 2 93 . V a le r ian o r G a l l ienus . M iS 7 82 o r 8 33 . 2 4 mm . 7 .2 g ms . E xcavated . 2 94 . G a l l ienus . SNG ( Cop .) 5 14 . 2 6 mm . 6 .4 g ms . ( d am . ) . 2 95 . N ew v a r iety . Obv . : l a ur . b ust o f G a l l ienus I . ,w ea r ing c u ira s s a nd a rmed w ith s hi e ld a nd s pea r . ATTKE IOA WA AAA 1HNOC ( s ic ) , R ev . : A r tem is a dvanc ing r . ,h o ld ing d rawn b ow ; h ound b y I .l e g . DDEC ISZN AAC 1AC . 2 4 mm . 7 .3 g ms . 2 96 . N ew v ar ie ty . Obv . : l a ur . b ust o f G a l l ienus r . ,w ear ing c u ira s s a nd p a ludamentum . ATTF IOA 1KN rAAA IHNOC , R ev . : L eto r unn ing I . ,c a r ry ing t wo i n fant s . E ( 1 )EC ISZN A N EOKOP S2N . 2 7 mm . 7 .2 gms . 2 97 . V a le r ian I . SNG ( Cop .) 5 39 . 1 9 mm . 4 .2 g ms . 2 98 . U ncer ta in t h ird c entury e mpero r . Obv . : l a ur . b us t r . ,w ear ing c u ira s s a nd p a ludamentum . .

A l

.,R ev . : A r tem is r .s e iz ing f a l l ing s t ag b y a nt le r s . E c l )

KOP S-2 N . 2 0 mm . 3 .4 gms .

E phe sus ? 2 99 . U ncer ta in empero r , p robab ly o f t he t h ird c entury . O bv . : h d . o r b us t r . , d e ta i ls o b scure . No l e g . v i s ib le , R ev . : A r tem is ?a dvance s r . ,d e ta i ls o b scure . T race s o f l e g . 2 4 mm . 5 .6 g ms . E phe sus a nd A lexandr ia i na l iance 3 00 . Go rd ian I l. SNG ( F itz .) 4 463 , b ut o bv . l e g . i n comp le te ly t r ansc r ibed t he re , AKM .AN FOP A IANc o •

2 1 mm . 5 .0 g ms . E xcava ted .

E rythrae 3 01 . AR . SNG ( Cop .) 5 55 -6 . 1 8 mm . 4 .4 g ms .

8

Magnesia 302. Type of BMC 17-34. 17 mm. 4.1 gms. Excavated. 303. BMC 46. 20 mm. 6.7 gms. Excavated. 304. Caracalla or Elagabalus. Obv.: laur. bust of emperor r. . A'T' . . . ANT nNEINOC, Rev.: Tyche stg. I., holding rudder and cornucopiae. MAfN HTnN. 22 mm. 5.5 gms. *305. New variety. Obv.: laur. bust of Maximus r., wearing cuirass and paludamentum. f.IO'T'. O'T'H MAEIMOCKAI, Rev.: personification of the valleys of Magnesia as the Charites over a fountain grotto, represented as an arch of natural stones, supported by a central column, within which two kneeling figures fill jugs from spout. MAfNHTn/N KOJ\DOI. 29 mm. 10.2 gms. Metropolis 306. Severus Alexander. SNG (Cop.) 914. 17 mm. 2.3 gms. 307. Philip I. Hunterian 8. 16 mm. 1.9 gms. 308. Saloninus. SNG (Cop.) 941. 19 mm. 3.6 gms. Excavated. Miletus 309. Type of BMC 102, 121-3. 17 mm. 4.5 gms. Excavated. 310. Type of SNG (Cop.) 990 and 1001. 10 mm. 1.2 gms. Excavated. Myus 311. SNG (Cop.) 1022. 10 mm. 1.3 gms. Phocaea 312. New variety. Obv.: Turreted dr. bust of Phocaea r., Rev.: Griffin walking r. nK AEn N. 20 mm. 5.1 gms. Smyrna 313. Tiberius and Livia. BMC 266-8. 20 mm. 6.8 gms.

CAR IA (other than Aphrodisias) Alabanda 314. BMC 18. 11 mm. 2.4 gms. 315. Julia Domna. BMC 36, except no obv. cmk. 28 mm. 9.8 gms. (holed). *-316. Caracalla. McC/ean 8441, obv. cmk. r? in circle. 28 mm. 9.9 gms. Excavated. Antiocheia 317. BMC 4. 17 mm. 3.9 gms. Excavated. 318. SNG (Fitz.) 4669, but on rev. owl r. 17 mm. 2.6 gms. 319. BMC 25. 23 mm. 4.8 gms. Excavated. 320. BMC 23. 20 mm. 3.6 gms. 321--2. SNG (von A.) 2418 . 27 mm. 11.4 gms., 26 mm. 8.6 gms. 323. BMC 14. 25 mm. 9.5 gms. 324. Kl.MU. 10. 25 mm. 9.9 gms. 325. New variety. Obv.: laur. hd. of Demos r. AHMOC, Rev.: Dionysos, naked, stg. I., pouring from kantharos and resting on thyrsos; before, panther. ANTIO XEnN. 21 mm. 3.9 gms. 326. BMC 16 . 22 mm. 5.9 gms. 327. New variety. Obv.: dia. hd. of Demos r. AHMOC, Rev.: Hermes, naked, stg. I., holding purse and caduceus. ANTIO XEnN. 17 mm. 2.5 gms. 328. SNG (Cop.) 34. 19 mm. 5.9 gms. Excavated. 329. BMC 24. 22 mm. 4.6 gms. 330. Augustus. BMC 28. 13 mm. 2.2 gms. 331. Domitian. SNG (Cop.) 49. 21 mm. 7.2 gms. 332--4. Domitian. SNG (Cop.) 49 or Mo.Gr. 9. 25 mm. 9.5 gms., 24 mm. 7.4 gms., 23 mm. 7.1 gms. One excavated. 335. Domitian. BMC 29-30 or SNG (Cop.) 48. 20 mm. 5.8 gms. Excavated.

9

336. Trajan. SNG (Cop.) 50. 22 mm. 4.7 gms. 337. Antoninus Pius or Septimius Severus. Obv.: laur. bust r. ATTKA . . . C., Rev.: Nike advancing I., holding wreath and palm. ANT I OXEn N. 16 mm. 3.2 gms. 338. Commodus. McClean 8449, but obv. leg., J\ATPH KOMOAOC, incorrectly transcribed there. 29 mm. 12.4 gms. Excavated. 339. Commodus. SNG (Cop.) 56. 17 mm. 4.5 gms. 340. Commodus. Wad. 2172. 31 mm. 17.7 gms. 341. Gordian Ill. SNG (von A.) 2428. 29 mm. 9.8 gms. (holed). 342. Philip II. BMC 51, but rev. leg. differently divided, ANTIOX In ex. EQN. 22 mm. 5.0 gms. Excavated. Antiocheia? 343. Philip II. Obv.: bare headed bust of Philip II r., wearing cuirass and paludamentum. 1O1'/\IJ\InTTOCKAIC, Rev.: uncertain figure stg. A .... 21 mm. 3.1 gms. Apollonia Salbace 344. La Carie II p.257 A, except on rev. kithara has three strings. 12 mm. 1.9 gms. Excavated. 345. La Carie II p.266 AO. 19 mm. 7.0 gms. 346. Livia. La Carie II p.260 F. 14 mm. 4.5 gms. Att11da 347--9. BMC 19. 22 mm. 6.0 gms., 21 mm. 5.8 gms., 20 mm. 5.5 gms. 350. BMC 16? 18 mm. 3.5 gms. (dam.). 351. New variety. Obv.: dr. bust of Asclepius r.; before, caduceus. ATTO1' AEnN, Rev.: Hygeia stg. r., feeding serpent from patera. AIAKJ\ATAIANOT. 18 mm. 3.7 gms. Bargasa 352--4. Gallienus. Weber 6441. 26 mm. 8.2 gms., 25 mm. 6.5 yms., 24 mm. 9.2 gms. All excavated. 355--7. Salonina. SNG (Cop.) 174. *23 mm. 6.3 gms., 23 mm. 5.7 gms.,22 mm. 5.3 gms. 358. Salonina. As Aph 355--7? Rev. type almost entirely eradicated. 22 mm. 5.1 gms. Gordiuteichos 359. BMC 1-2. 17 mm. 4.4 gms. Excavated. Halicarnassus 360. BMC 13. 10 mm. 1.2 gms. Harpasa 361. New variety. Obv.: laur. hd. of Zeus r., Rev.: Athena stg. r., armed with helmet, shield, and spear? ; before, owl. APTTAiH/NnN. 20 mm. 8.2 gms. Excavated. 362. New variety. Obv.: flaming altar, Rev.: cult statue of Ephesian Artemis facing. APTTA CHNQN. 15 mm. 2.3 gms. Heraclea Salbace 363--4. Wad. 2114, but obv. leg. lacks terminal C. 23 mm. 6.3 gms., 21 mm. 4.9 gms. Mylasa 365. A. Akarca, LesMonnaiesgrecques deMylasa (Paris, 1959), 34a. 12 mm. 1.5 gms. 366. Domitian. Akarca (supra) 54. 14 mm. 2.6 gms. Orthosia 367. BMC 5-6, except obv. leg. counterclockwise. 14 mm. 1.9 gms. Sebastopolis 368. BMC 2-3. 17 mm. 4.1 gms.

10

Stratonicea 369. BMC 28-30.16 mm. 3.3 gms. 370.Septimius Severus and Julia Domna. SNG (Cop.) 504 or 505, with obv.cmk.of male dr. imperial bust r.in circle. 36 mm. 22.6 gms. Tabai 37 1. La Carie II p.127 T. 1 1 mm. 1.4 gms. 372. La Carie II p.128 V.f. 1 3 mm. 2.7 gms. 37 3. La Carie II p.129 W.h. 16 mm. 4.3 gms. 374. La Carie II p.1 30 AA. 17 mm. 3.6 gms. 375. BMC 51-5. 2 3 mm. 5.1 gms. 376.Augustus. La Carie II p. 127 R. 22 mm. 5.3 gms: 377. Geta. BMC 88. 15 mm. 1.7 gms. (dam.). Tabai ? 378. Germanicus and Drusus? La Carie II p.14 1 AS ? 20 mm. 5.2 gms. Trapezopolis 379.New variety. Obv.: dr.bust of Sabina r. ...ACT CABEIN .. ,Rev.: Men stg. I., holding uncertain objects and leaning on scepter. . . . OTTPATTEZOTT ... 18 mm. 5.2 gms. Trapezopolis? 380.Sabina? As Aph 379 ? 19 mm. 4.3 gms. Excavated.

ISLANDS OFF CARIA Cos 38 1. Type of BMC 86-98. 14 mm.2.3 gms. Excavated. Rhodes 38 2--4.BMC 324-6. 1 1 mm. 1.2 gms., 1 1 mm. 1.1 gms., 10 mm. 1.3 gms.

LYDIA Dioshieron 385. Gordian 111. BMC 23. 3 3 mm. 19.9 gms. Excavated. Hypaepa 386. Obv.: laur.bust of Elagabalus? r., wearing cuirass and paludamentum; cmk. of cult statue of Artemis Anaitis to front in oval. ... Tn ... ,Rev.: cult statue of Artemis Anaitis to front. ...TTTAITTHN ... 2 1 mm. 4.7 gms. 387. Valerian. SNG (von A.) 2973. 25 mm.6.2gms. Nysa 388. K. Regling , 'rJberblick Uber die MUnzen von Nysa', JOA/ Erganzungsheft 10 (19 1 3 ) , 4 1. 18 mm. 3.0 gms. 389. Maximus. Regling (supra) 156. 22 mm. 4.6 gms. Philadelphia 390. BMC 434. 24 mm.6.5 gms. Sardis 39 1.F. lmhoof-Blumer , 'Fluss- und Meergt:Stter auf griechischen und rt:Smischen MUnzen', RS 1924 , 324. 23 mm. 4.3 gms.

11

392. Marcus Aurelius. SNG (Cop.) 528 or BMC1434. 19 mm. 3.0 gms. 393. Julia Domna. BMC148. 30 mm. 10.8 gms. Excavated. Thyatira 394. Severus Alexander. SNG (Cop.) 623. 25 mm. 6.6 gms. Excavated. Tralles 395. BMC66-7. 9 mm. 1.2 gms. 396. Antoninus Pius. SNG (Fitz.) 4907. 32 mm. 12.9 gms. * 397. Gallienus. BMC201, but rev. leg. divided differently, TPAM I ANrlN. 19 m111. 4.5 gms. Tripolis 398. F. lmhoof-Blumer, 'Zur MUnzkunde Kleinasiens', RS 1896, 5. 18 mm. 3.5 gms. 399. BMC20-1. 18 mm. 3.5 gms. 400. SNG (Cop.) 735. 33 mm. 13.0 gms.

PHRYGIA Aoameia 401. Type and style of BMC63. 18 mm. 8.3 gms. Excavated. Eucarpeia 402. Maximinus and Maximus. BMC24-5. 30 mm. 9.2 gms. Excavated. Hierapolis 403--4. MiS 360. 19 mm. 4.9 gms., 19 mm. 4.2 gms. 405. BMC43. 20 mm. 6.1 gms. Excavated. Laodiceia 406. BMC324. 18 mm. 5.4 gms. Excavated. 407. BMC40. 18 mm. 4.0 gms. Excavated. 408. SNG (Cop.) 503-5. 14 mm. 1.9 gms. 409. Obv.: Turreted dr. bust of Laodiceia r. AAOA IKEIA, Rev.: Traces of figure stg.? Traces of leg. 18 mm. 3.6 gms. 410. Augustus. BMC141-2. 20 mm. 5.4 gms. 411. Augustus. BMC149-50. 18 mm. 6.5 gms. 412--3. Augustus. Type of Aph 410--1. 19 mm. 5.7 gms., 17 mm. 3.8 gms. 414. Vespasian. BMC178. 22 mm. 5.8 gms. * 415. Antoninus Pius. BMC 202-3. 27 mm. 12.0 gms. 416. Julia Domna. SNG (Cop.) 584, but obv. cmk. of laur.? male hd. r. with CEB before in circle, and rev. leg. divided differently, AAOA IK EnNNEnKO In ex. TOH. 30 mm. 9.3 gms. 417. Caracalla. McC/ean 8832. 26 mm. 6.5 gms. Excavated. 418. Julia Maesa. BMC 249. Three cmks. on obv.: cult statue of Aphrodite of Aphrodisias ? r. in oval, B in oval, hd. r. in circle. 28 mm. 7.7 gms. Excavated. Laodiceia? 419--20. BMC61 or62-3? 14 mm. 3.1 gms., 14 mm. 2.4 gms.

LYCIA Uncertain city 421. Type of SNG (Cop.) 46, 80, 129, etc. 10 mm. 1.2 gms.

12

PAMPHYLIA Perga 422. New variety. Obv.: dr. bust of Salonina r. on crescent; before, I. KOPNHJ\IA CAA!1NINACEBA, Rev.: Agonistic chest on which rest three purses. ITEPrAlnN NE!1KOP!1N. 31 mm. 15.0 gms.

PISIDIA Antioch 423. Aleksandra Kryzanowska, Monnaies coloniales d'Antioche de Pisidie (Warsaw, 1970), p.140 Av. VI Rev. 6. 13 mm. 2.0 gms. lsinda 424. BMC 10, but rev. leg. divided differently, IC I N LlEUN. 19 mm. 5.5 gms. Sagalassus 425. SNG (von A.) 8625? 25 mm. 6.1 gms. Excavated. Termessus Major 426. BMC 53, but obv. bears different form of omega, n. 29 mm. 11.0 gms. (holed). Excavated. 427. BMC 53, but rev. 0 in r. field and leg. divided differently, ATTON OM!1N. 37 mm. 10.6 gms. (holed twice).

ROMAN REPUBLICAN ISSUE 428. Fourre denarius. Obv.: helmeted hd. of Roma ? r., Rev.: Ouadriga r. No leg. visible. 16 mm. 2.9 gms. Excavated.

ROMAN IMPERIAL ISSUES Augustus 429--31. RIG 53. One halved. 432. RIG 192. Domitian 433. Fourre denarius. Obv.: laur. hd. of Domitian. No leg. visible, Rev.: Throne decked with corn ears. . . . 11 .•. Type of Rome mint, A.O. 81-2. 434. AR denarius. CREBM 129A. Trajan 435. AR denarius. RIG 52. Excavated. 436. AR denarius. RIG 269. 437. Fourre denarius. Obv.: laur. dr. bust of Trajan r. IMPTRAIANOOPTIMOAVGGERDACPM TAP, Rev.: Felicitas stg. I., holding caduceus and cornucopiae. PMTRPC O SVIPPSPOR. Type of Rome mint, A.O. 114-7. Hadrian 438. RIG 977, but hd. bare. Antoninus Pius 439. AR denarius. RIG 183. Excavated.

13

Lucius Verus 440. AR denarius. RIG 482. Excavated. Commodus 441. AR denarius. Obv.: laur. bearded hd. of Commodus r....OMMODVS ..., Rev.: Felicita� stg.I., holding scepter and caduceus or olive branch .. ELICITAS AVGC ... New variety, combining an old rev.of Marcus Aurelius with an obv.of Comm9dus. �ome mir,t. Septimius Severus 442. Fourre denarius. RIG 221. Julia Domna 443. AR denarius. RIG 571. Geta 444.AR denarius. RIG 15b. Severus Alexander * 445. RIG 515. Excavated. Se"erus Alexander ? 446. AR denarius.Obv.: laur.? hd. of Severus Alexander? r. No leg. visible, Rev.: Figure stg., details obscure. No leg.visible. Excavated. Gordian 111 447. AR antoninianus. RIC 83. Philip I 448--9. AR antoniniani. RIG 3. One excavated. 450.AR antoninianus. RIG 27b. Excavated. Philip II 451. AR antoninianus. RIG 226. Trajan Decius 452. AR antoninianus. RIG 23. Herennia Etruscilla 453. AR antoninianus. RIG 58b. Trebonius Gallus 454. AR antoninianus. RIG 38. Excavated. Valerian 455. AR antoninianus. RIG 106. Gallienus (sole reign) 456--95. Rome mint (40): RIG 151 (4, two excavated); 1!il, but no mark in fielQ (excavated); 164; 1 65-6; 177; 179; 180; 181 (2, one excavated); 192a; 193; 193, but S in r.field (2); 2.10, but N in r. field; 230 (3); 236 (2); 245 (excavated); 248-50; 249; 256; 280 (2); 280, but no mark in field (2, both excavated); 287 (excavated); 287, but e in r.field (3); 297 (2); 346 (�xcavated); Aufbau V/2, 16 : VIRTVSAVGVSTI (excavated); uncertain (2). 496--502.Mediolanum mint (7): RIG 465,483, 495 (3, 4u n .< 1r z . ,a > t : 4r :Z

C D E 1

N +

F i g . 1 : C o i n s R e c o v e r e d a t A p h r o d i s i a s i n C a r i a , 1 9 6 1 1 9 7 3 .

e n

� w

[]

Q

�

""'\

·-~ .�,iu

eTABAJ

esEBASTOf'OLIS

eAPQLLONIA

eHIERAPOLIS eANTIOCHEIA ;RAl'EZ(/f'OLIS liLADOICEIA •ATTUDA •ORTHOSIA \ �ASA eGORDIUTEICHOS �HROOISIAS

·t'-�

eTRIPOLIS

ePHILAOELPHtA

�

-

9 4 4

2 c r , 0 .E ›0

D o

2 20 3

% n o l o c a l

4 . — 3

4 1%

S par ta

1 9

Mega lopo l is

1

2 74

2 5

1 9

3 4% 9 6%

5 6

134

1 06

7 4

9 5%

1 50

1 28

2 5

1 074

8 9%

8 6

1 0

10

5 8%

I s land s : D e lo s N ear E a st : An t ioch T a r sus

6

A nato l ia : T roy P ergamum S ard is

8 5

8 2

3 6

2 0

5 5%

3 26

1 61

3 9

1 41

4 8%

2 5

5 1

1 2

6 4

E phe sus

8

6

5

P r iene

9 98

2 10

4 0

A s so s

9 1

3 2

1 6

Aphrod i s ia s

5 8

9 0

2 1

0 1 3 4 3 2

8 2% 4 3% 1 8% 2 8% 6 7%

F ig . 2 : C o in d i s t r ibut ion a te a stern s i tes i nt he H e l len i s t ic p er iod S evera l p at te rns a r e a ppa rent . T he mun ic ipa l m int s o f Mega lopo l is a nd D e lo s w ere o n ly m a rg ina l ly a ct ive . D e lo s , i n p ar t icu la r , d rew b y f a r t he l a rge st p a rt o f h e r c o inage f rom a s i ng le much mo re a ct ive m int , A thens . S a rd is , A nt ioch , a nd t o al e s se r e xtent P e rgamum a nd T ar sus h ad t he ir l o ca l mun ic ipa l c o inage s upp lemented b y l o ca l ly p roduced c o in s o f t he H e l len is t ic d yna st s . C o r inth p re sent s au n ique c a se , b o th b ecause o f i t s l o cat ion a nd i t s d e s t ruc t ion i n 1 46 B .C . S par ta , A s so s , a nd P r iene w e re c i t ie s o f mode st s i ze w ith mode st m int s , w h ich n ever the le s s c l ear ly d om ina ted t he l o ca l s cene . Aphrod is ia s d o e s n ot f i t i n to a ny o f t he se c atago r ie s . T he c i ty b egan c o in ing o n ly l a te i n t he H e l len is t ic p e r iod . E a r l ie r , Aphrod is ia s w a s c omp le te ly d ependent u pon i mpor ted c o in sa nd t h is i s r e f lected i n t he h igh p rbpo r t ion o f n on loca l c o inag e . Af t er Aphrod is ia s d id b eg in t o c o in , h owever , t he m int s eems t o h ave b een a ct ive , a nd i n t he l a te H e l len is t ic p er iod t he s i tua t ion a t Aphrod is ia s may h ave a pp roached t ha t a tn ea rby A s so s a nd P r iene . As im i la r c ompa r ison o f ma te r ia l , F igure 3 , f rom t he R oman i mpe r ia l p e r iod y ie ld s c lo se p a ra l le ls t o Aphrod is ia s a mong ma jo r c i t ie s o f w e s tern A na to l ia a nd s ha rp c ont ra st s e l sewhe re .9 T he h igh p ropo r t ion o f i mpo r ted c o in s a t G e ra sa a nd A rgo s a nd t he ir c omp lete d om inance a t M ega lopo l is p roba ly r e f lec t s l ow a nd s po rad ic p roduct ion a t t he se l o ca l m int s , r a the r t han a ny u nusua l c i rcu la t i on p a t terns . T he ma ter ia l f rom S pa r ta a l so c onta ins a h i gh p ropor t ion o f c o ins f rom m in t s t ha t w e re a ct ive o n ly s po rad ica l ly , i n c lud ing t he l o ca l m int . I n t he se c a ses , t he c ompo s it ion o f t he c i rcu la t ing med ium p robab ly c hanged g r eat ly w ith e very s i gn if icant n ew i s sue f rom t he l o ca l o r n ea r -by m int s . Ac ompo s ite p i c ture d rawn f rom a l p e r iod s n eed n ot r e f lec t t he a c tua l s i tua t ion i n a ny o ne p e r iod , a nd a ny s l ight d ev iat ion f rom a r andom s amp le i n t he f i nd s c ou ld p re sent av ery d i s to r ted p i cture . Aphrod is ia s a nd t he o the r Ana to l ian m int s , h oweve r , w e re much mo re r e gu la r ly a ct ive , a nd t he g enera l c ompo s it ion o f t he c o inage i n c i rcu la t ion i n t he se c i t ie s s eem s t o h ave r ema ined s t ab le o ver al ong p e r iod o f t ime .

4 4

c 2 ? " ;

% N o n l o c a l

L o c a l C o i n s

2o C> at ZO

I m p e r i a l A e s

7 o "E

G

G reece : C o r inth S pa r ta M ega lopo l i s

9 70

2 29

2 7

1 6

0

6 0 5

2 6

1 2

10

2 6%

5

4 4%

8

1 00%

N ear E a st : A nt io ch

1 693

2 29

4 3

1 02

2 1%

G e ra sa

1

1 00

1 8

1

9 1%

T a r su s

6 4

1 2

1 0

0

1 6% 4 7%

A na to l ia : T roy

9 4

8 3

1 4

0

2 55

8 0

3 0

8

( 175 )

( 166 )

S a rd is

4 2

4 2

2 6

4

5 2%

E phe sus

1 3

1

1 0

1

4 8%

P r iene

6 2

5 7

2 1

9

4 8%

A s so s

2 9

3 0

1 0

0

4 7%

P e rgamum

A ncyra Aph rod i s ia s

1 8 1 81

4 1 35

2 6% ( 49% )

1 3 6

0

1 8%

6

4 9%

F ig . 3 : C o in d i s t r ibut ion a te a s tern s i te s i nt he I mpe r ia l p e r iod A nt ioch , C o r inth , a nd T a r sus p o s se s sed e xcep t iona l ly a ct ive l oca l m int s wh ich s eem t o h ave p rov ided c ur rency f o r b road a r ea s b eyond t he c i t ie s t hemse lve s . T he n umbe r o f m int c i t ie s r epre s ented among t he f i nd s o f t he se c ente r s a t tes t s t he ir i mpo r tance , b ut t he e xtent o f t he ir l o ca l p roduct ion o verwhe lms t he n umbe r o f i mpo rted c o in s f rom t he many b ut s ma l le r n e ighbo r ing c i t ie s . I n w e stern Ana to l ia t he wo rk o f c o in ing s eems t o h ave b een d i s t r ibuted mo re e ven ly , e ven i n t he c a se o f t he l a rge st c i t ie s , a nd t he l o ca l c o ins a s su me amuch l e s s i mpo r tant r o le . T he ma ter ia l f rom Aphrod is ia s d oe s f i nd c lo se p a ra l le ls i n b o th t he p ropo r t ion o f i mpo r ted c o ins a nd t he s cope o f m int s p re sent i n t he f i nd s f rom E phesus , S ard is , A s so s , P ergamum , a nd t o al e s se r e xtent , T roy . I ne ach c a se t he l o ca l m int s eems t o h ave b een g ene ra l ly p roduc t ive , t hough a bout h a lf o f t he c ur rency c ame o r ig ina l ly f r om ar e la t ive ly l a rge n umbe r o f p redom inant ly n e ighbo r ing mun ic i p a l m int s . C lea r ly mo re a ct ive t han G e ra sa , A rgo s , Mega lopo l is , o r S pa r ta , t he se m int s s t i l l d id n o t f u lf i l l r e g iona l r o le s l i ke t he m in t s o f Ant ioch , C o r inth , a nd T a r sus . T hey s eem , r a the r , t o b e p art s o f an e two rk o f l a rge mun ic ipa l c ente r s w h ich ma inta ined v i go rous a nd p ro spe rous c ontact s w ith o ne a nothe r . A p re l im ina ry e xam ina t ion o f t he P e rgamum e xcavat ion r epor t , where 2 55 l o ca l c o ins o f t he i mpe r ia l p er iod a r e r epo r ted a ga inst o n ly 8 6 i mpo r t s , wou ld s eem t o e xc lude t ha t c i ty f rom t h is p a t tern . Ac lo ser e xam ina t ion r e vea ls , h owever , t hat K . R eg l ing h a s a s s igned t o t he P ergamum m in t 8 0 s pec imens o f as i ng le i sue ( Obv . : b ust o f S ena te . ®EON CTNKAHTON , R ev . : t ur re ted h d . o f R oma r . OEON P S 2MHN ' in v i e l V ar ianten ' ) wh ich d oe s n o t b ear t he e thn ic o f t he c i ty o r a ny r e fe rence t o i t s i n s t itut ions o r p ar t icu la r d i et ie s . T he c o ins make r e ference o n ly t o R oman i n s t itu t i ons . P e rgamum a s w e l l a s a t l e a s t t wo o the r n ear -by c i t ie s d id i s sue c o ins w ith p rec ise ly s im i la r t ype s , b ut t ho se i s sue s b ea r t he n o rma l c i ty e thn ic s a nd s ome t i me s a l so mag is t ra te s ' n ame s . S t i l l more m int s p roduced c o in s d i f fe r ing o n ly i n m inute d eta i ls , b ut a ga in w ith l o ca l e thn ic s . R eg l ing l i s t s o n ly o ne s pec imen o f t h i s g roup f rom P e rgamum i t se lf , a nd n o s pec imens f rom t he o ther m int s . T he g reat f r equency w ith wh ich e xamp le s o f t he t ype l a ck ing c i ty e thn ic s a r e e ncounte red b o th i n e xcavat ions a nd i n t r ays o f c o l lect ions a l so s ugge st s t ha t t h i s i s mcre t han al o ca l i s sue . I tp robab ly i sa n u nrecogn ized i mper ia l p rov inc ia l i s sue s t ruck a t s evera l c ente r s . C er ta in ly , n o i s sue c l ear ly s t emm ing f rom t he l o ca l m int i sr epresented a tP e rgamum b y mo re t han s i xteen e xamp le s . I ft he 8 0 s pec i mens a r e r e g is te red a s n on lo ca l , t hen P e rgamum o f fer s as e t o f s t a t is t ic s ( i n p a renthe se s i n F i gure 3 ) t ha t a g ree s r ema rkab ly w e l l w ith o the r ma jo r c i t ie s o f w es tern A na to l ia . A t T roy a l a rge p ropo r t ion o f i mpo r ted G reek i mpe r ia ls a r e p re sen t , b ut t hey r epre sent al im ited r a nge o f m in t s , a nd a bout t hree -quar te r s o f a l i mpo r ted G reek i mper ia ls s t em f rom as i ng le n ear -by

4 5

m int , A lexandr ia T roa s . I l iu m s eems l e s s c o smopo l itan t han t he o ther c i t ie s o f t h is g roup . T he s ame o b servat ion may b e made a bout t he p la teau o f T aba i , n ear A phrod is ia s , f r om wh ich L . a nd J .R ober t r epo r t as ma l l b ut i mpor tant g roup o f c hance f i nd s .1 0 I n c l ear c ontra st t o Aphrod is ia s a nd t he o ther ma jor c i t ie s o f w e s tern A na to l ia i s A ncyra , w ith f ew i mpo rted c o ins a nd t ho se f rom j u st o ne m int . P erhap s i n s ome p ar t t h is i sd ue t o c hance a nd t he s ma l l n u mbe r o f s pec i mens , b ut i n l a rger measure t h is s i tua t ion s e ems t o r e f lec t t he i s o la t ion o f t he a r ea i nc ompa r ison w ith t he mo re c o smopo l itan c enter s . I mper ia l a e s c o inage i sr epre sented a t Aphrod is ia s b y o n ly 6s pec imens a mong 3 74 G reek i mper ia ls , s l ight ly o ver 11 / 2% o f t he t o ta l . T h is c l ear ly i nd ica te s t he g r ea t r o le o f t he G reek i mper ia ls a t Aphro d i s ia s i n p rov id ing f or l o ca l ma rket -p lace e xchange a nd t he v e ry m inor r o le o f t he i mper ia l a e s . T he s ame s i tuat ion i sa l so r e f lected a to ther A nato l ian s i te s , s upra F igure 3 ,a nd T om B . J one s h a s p o inted o ut t ha t t h is p at tern i st r ue o f t he e a stern p rov ince s a s aw ho le .1 A f ur ther d imens ion c ou ld b e a dded i f i tw ere p o ss ib le t o d ef ine a dequate ly t he a rea s i n wh ich t he c o inage o f Aphrod is ia s i t se lf c i rcu la ted . U nfo r tunate ly , r e co rded f i nds a re v ery f ew a nd o f q u ite l im ited v a lue . L . a nd J . R ober t r e cord a n u mber o f f i nds o f Aphrod is ia s ' c o ins o n t he p l a teau o f T aba i . 12 C ircu la t ion o f t he c i ty ' s c o inage t here i so n ly t o b e e xpec ted , s i nce T aba i a nd h er s i s ter c i t ies w ere i m med iate n e ighbo r s o f Aphrod is ia s a nd t he h ighway c onnec t ing t he p la teau t o t he o ut s ide wor ld r an d i rect ly t hrough Aphrod is ia s . F e l low s r e cords a cqu ir ing c o ins o f Aphrod is ia s a t N as lee ( Naz i I l i ) a nd f rom t he h igh l a nds s outh o f D en iz lee ( Den iz l i ) , a sw e l l a sa mong c o ins c o l lected i nt he r u ins .1 3

T he t wo modern t owns a re s i tuated i n t he Maeander v a l ley , w e l l w ith in Aphrod is ias '

e xpected r ange o f i n f luence . Noe ' s e xtens ive l i s t o f G reek c o in h oard s c onta ins o n ly f i ve r e ference s t o c o ins o f Aphrod is ia s .1 4 One o f t hese i sa ctua l ly a n e r ror , 15 wh i le a nother r e cords a c o in r e covered , n ot f rom a h oard , i n Mar se i l le s , F rance !

1 6

I tc an h a rd ly b e t aken a s a n i nd ica to r o f t he a verage c i rcu lat ing r ange o f t he

c i ty ' s c o inage . A s i ng le , q ua s i -autonomous c o in o f Aphrod is ias w a s a mong t he h andfu l r e cove red b y Wood a t E phe sus . 17 A s E phe sus i sr epresented among t he f i nd s a t Aphrod is ias b y 2 2 c o ins , i ti sn ot s urpr is ing t ha t i n t urn a c o in f rom Aphrod is ia s s hou ld a ppea r a t E phesus . T he e xcavat ions a tS ard is a l so p roduced o ne s t ray f i nd f rom t he Aphrod is ia s m int , o f w h ich Noe a l so t ook n ote . 18 J us t o ne o f t he f i ve l i st ing s i n Noe a ctua l ly r e fer s t o ah oard r ea l ly c onta in ing Aphrod is ias mater ia l , a nd e ven t hat i so f l i tt le v a lue . '9

T he h oa rd , f rom B ay ind ir ( Baend ir ) s outhea st o f I zm ir , c onta ins j u s t as i ng le

s pec i men f rom Aphrod is ia s a mong t h ir ty i dent if iab le c o ins . T he o ther i d ent if iab le c o ins c ame f rom t h irteen m int s i nT hrace , A eo l is , L yd ia , I on ia , C ar ia , a nd C i l ic ia . T h irty -four more s pec i mens w ere t oo i l -preserved f o r i d ent if icat ion . T he h oard s eems t o h ave b een b ur ied l a te i n t he r e ign o f G a l l ienus , when t he c o in f rom Aphrod is ia s , s t ruck u nder S ept im ius S everus , h ad b een i n t he c hanne ls o f t r ade f o r o ver ah a lf c entury . Another s i ng le c o in o f Aphrod is ia s w a s a cqu ired among o ther s t ray f i nds a nd e xcava t ion c o ins i n t he v i c in ity o f Ant ioch P i s id iae . 2°

T here w ere , h oweve r , n o o ther c o ins f rom C a r ian c i t ie s o r

f rom t he m int s o f L yd ia o r I on ia i n t he g roup , a nd e ven P hryg ia w a s r epresented b y o n ly a s i ng le s pec i men o f i mper ia l d ate , f rom P h i lome l iu m . Approp r iate ly , as i ng le c o in o f P i s id ian An t ioch h a s t urned u p a t Aphrod is ias ( Aph 4 23 ) . S t i l l , i ti sa pparent t hat b oth a r e e xcept iona l , a nd c o in s f rom Aphrod is ia s d id n o t c i rcu late r e gu la r ly i nt he v i c in ity o f Ant ioch . Aphrod is ia s h a s y ie lded al a rge n umber o f R oman i mper ia l c o ins o f t he p er iod f rom t he s o le r e ign o f G a l l ienus u nt i l t he r e t irement o f D ioc let ian ; s ee F igure 4 .

S urpr is ing ly , t he p roduct s o f w estern

m int s , i n c lud ing a l a rge n umber o f G a l l ic b arbarous i m itat ions , p reponde ra te s t rong ly o ve r t hose o f e a stern m int s , a nd t he p er iod f rom A ure l ian t o t he monetary r e form o f D ioc let ian i sp oo r ly r epre s ented . E l sewhere Ih ave c ompared t h is mater ia l f rom Aphrod is ias w ith o ther e xcava t ion f i nds a nd h oard s f rom t he e a stern h a lf o f t he emp ire .2 1

T he p at tern a pparent a t Aphrod is ias i sp re sent a l so

among f i nds f rom a t l e a st an umber o f o the r w e stern Ana to l ian a rea s , b ut n ot f rom G reece , S yr ia , o r , p robab ly , e a stern

Anato l ia . T h is s eems t o i nd ica te t ha t t he mone tary c o l lap se u nder G a l l ienus

p lunged Aphrod is ia s a nd o ther f o rmer ly p ro sperous a r ea s o f w e stern Anato l ia i n to a p e r iod o f e conom ic d i s loca t ion , c haracter ized b y s evere d i srup t ion o ft he n orma l c hanne ls o f moneta ry c i rcu la t i on . S ub sequent monetary r e forms w ere i n effectua l i n r e s tor ing t he s i tuat ion u nt i l t he g enera l c ur rency r e cons truc t ion o f D ioc let ian . T he c o inage s o f A ure l ian , T ac itus , P robus , t he f am i ly o f C arus , a nd t he p re -refo rm c o inage s o f t he T et rarchy d id n ot c i rcu la te i n a pprec iab le n umbers , a nd t he ir a b sence may b e c onnected w ith t he emp loyment o f q uant it ie s o f o ld e xt reme ly d eba sed a nd e ven u nof f ic ia l w e stern c o inage . T he c omp lete c ur rency r econst ruc t ion u nder D ioc let ian c hanged matter s r ad ica l ly . N ew c ur rency f rom n ear -by m int s a ga in moved f r ee ly i n to Aphrod is ia s a nd o ther a reas ,

4 6

e f fect ive ly a ccomp l ish ing t he ir e conom ic r e integ ra t ion i n to t he emp ire a s awho le . T hus , D ioc let ian ' s monetary p o l icy t ake s o n an ew a spec t a sp a r t o f t he o vera l l p rog ram t ha t r e s to red i mpe r ia l u n ity a nd c ont ro l u nder t he T et rarchy .

C )

T U

c )

u , c i 3

c n 3 Z 5

U 2

> 0

c D

Ci H

A nton in ian i a nd d ena r i i : 8

5

C laud ius I

1 9

1

D ivus C laud ius I

3 9

2

Q u int i l lus

1

A ure l ian a nd S eve r ina

1

5

1

3

2 8 4 4 2

3

7

2

2

6 3

6 3

1

1

U nce r ta in , P re -D ioc le t ian

2 1

1 1 2

6 5

1 3

1 0

2 5

2 13

4 7

T o t a l s 2 5 1 4 3 7 4 9

R a d i a t e F r a c t i o n s 2 4 1 3 3 6 4 6

, o . . 0 , C › . c ö D i o c l e t i a n a n d I — C D o l e a g u e s , P o s t R e f o r m : 0 I