Flora of Turkey, Volume 3 9781474466080

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FLORA OF TURKEY VOLUME THREE

VOLUME THREE

FLORA OF TURKEY and the East Aegean Islands

edited by

P.H.DAVIS D.Sc Reader in Taxonomic Botany assisted by D. F. Chamberlain, D. Phil and Victoria A. Matthews, B. Sc SRC Research Assistants

EDINBURGH at the

UNIVERSITY PRESS

© 1970

Transferred to Digital Print 2010 Edinburgh University Press 22 George Square, Edinbw"gh Reprinted 1997,2001,2008

Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne A CIP record is available for this book from the British Library ISBN 0 85224 1542

PREFACE In this volume a simplified terminology for summarising internal distributions has been used; this replaces most of the ancient province names that had to be dropped in Volume n. We have, in fact, reverted to the broad areas used in Volume 1 p. 11, and shown on map 2 of each volume; they are listed in the following table: GENERAL DISTRIBUTION IN TURKEY

areas numbered as on Map 2, p. xiv Turkey-in-Europe (1) South Anatolia (8-15) North Anatolia (2-4) Central Anatolia (16-20) West Anatolia (5-7) East Anatolia (21-25) The following terms are also used:

Outer Anatolia: areas 2-15 Inner Anatolia: areas 16-25 North-West Turkey: areas 1, 2 & 5, together with vilayet Bilecik; shaded on map North-East Anatolia: areas 4 & 24, together with part of vilayet Giimii~ane in area 21; shaded on map South-West Anatolia: areas 7, 8, 9, 12 & 17; shaded on map South-East Anatolia: areas 23, together with parts ofvilayets Van & Bitlis in area 25; shaded on map North Turkey: N. Anatolia & Turkey-in-Europe West Turkey: W. Anatolia & Turkey-in-Europe Islands: E. Aegean islands; E. of dotted line on map 2

An asterisk has been placed before the name of species (or genera) which are known only as cultivated or introduced plants in Turkey. Some Legume records have been taken from CSIRO Introduction Review Vols. 4 and 5, based on material collected by Crawford, Katznelson, etc. in Turkey and cultivated in Australia; these are cited with their 'CPI' (Commonwealth Plant Introduction) numbers. Some additional records in the Vicieae, omitted from the text, have been included in the distribution maps. In contrast to our practice in the earlier volumes, most of the necessary new combinations and names are first published in the main text, and are listed alphabetically in the Addenda on p. 599. In the Index (p. 601) presentation of subspecific and varietal names has been somewhat simplified. Volume IV will contain the following: Caprifoliaceae, Cornaceae, Dipsacaceae, Onagraceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Saxifragaceae, Umbel/iferae, Valerianaceae, and lesser families. Volume v will cover the Compositae. P. H. DAVIS Edinburgh, October 1969

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Science Research Council has continued to support the production of the Flora by providing money for Research Assistants and a Secretary/Typist. I acknowledge my debt to our two previous research assistants, Dr J. Cullen and Mr M. J. E. Coode, who have left the team to take up posts elsewhere. Before leaving they were able to prepare an outline account of Astragalus, which my new assistants, Dr D. Chamberlain and Miss V. A. Matthews, found very useful in their more extensive treatment of this genus, much the largest in Turkey. I am indebted to the following botanists who have contributed accounts to Volume m: Dr J. Cullen (Liverpool University - Anthyllis); Professor H. Demiriz (Istanbul- Dorycnium, and for information on cultivated legumes); Dr P. Gibbs (St Andrews University- Cytisus, Chamaecytisus, Chronanthus, Gonocytisus, Teline, Genista, Calycotome, Adenocarpus); I. C. Hedge (Edinburgh Hedysarum, Onobrychis, Sartoria); Professor C. C. Heyn (Jerusalem University - Medicago (annuals), Lotus, Tetragonolobus, Scorpiurus); Dr A. Huber-Morath (Basel- Ononis, Trigonella, Ebenus); Dr U. Plitmann (Jerusalem- Vicia (annuals) Professor M. Zohary (Jerusalem - Trifolium). Studies on the genera revised by M. Zohary, C. C. Heyn and U. Plitmann have been carried out under contract FG-Is-134 of the United States Department of Agriculture, to which organisation the authors are indebted. My thanks are due to those who drew the illustrations for this volume: Janet Dyer (Figures 4-10, 13, 14), Lalia Dickson (Figures 1, 2, 11, 12, 15), R. B. Burbidge (Figure 3), and V. A. Matthews (two text diagrams). The following herbaria have generously lent material of Leguminosae: The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; The British Museum (Natural History), London; Herbarium of the University of Liverpool; Botanisches Museum, Berlin; Slovenske mirodne muzeum, Bratislava; Botanical Institute and Herbarium, Brno; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Geneve; Farmakobotanik ve Genetik Enstitiisii, Istanbul Universitesi; Institut fiir Spezielle Botanik und Herbarium Haussknecht, Jena; Hebrew University, Jerusalem; Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad; Botanical Museum, Lund; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Botanical Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia; Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian S.S.R., Tbilisi; Botanical Institute of the University, Turku, Finland; Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien; Botanisches Institut der UniversiUit, Wien; Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Uppsala. The following collectors have given or lent us material from their personal herbaria: Professors A. & T. Baytop (Istanbul), Dr K. Bauer & Dr F. Spitzenberger (Wien), Professor H. Demiriz (Istanbul), Professor M. Markgraf (Zurich), F. Sorger (Linz) and C. Tobey (Samsun). To Dr A. Huber-Morath (Basel) I owe a special debt of gratitude, not only for the loan of his invaluable collections, but also for reading the manuscripts and for helpful suggestions on many points. We are also very grateful to J. D. Meikle and C. C. Townsend (Kew) for finding time to help us in many ways. Work on the Flora has continued at the Edinburgh University Botany Department (Taxonomy Section) at the Royal Botanic Garden. I am indebted to

Acknowledgements Professor Robert Brown (University of Edinburgh) for his continued support, and to Professor H. R. Fletcher (Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden) for providing facilities in the herbarium, library and garden. P.H.D.

CONTENTS List of Maps, p. x List of Figures, p. xiii Abbreviations, p. xiv FLORA, p. 1 Addenda, p. 598 Index, p. 601

LIST OF MAPS 1 2

Turkish vilayets and grid system, p. xvi Geographical divisions within Turkey, p. xvii

DISTRIBUTIONS

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 [x]

Cercis siliquastrum, p. 13 Sophora alopecuroides, S. jaubertii, Anagyris foetida, p. 13 Chamaecytisus hirsutus, C. eriocarpus, p. 13 Chamaecytisus supinus, C. drepanolobus, p. 19 Chamaecytisus austriacus, Gonocytisus angulatus, p. 19 Chamaecytisus pygmaeus, Teline monspessulana, p. 19 Genista tinctoria, G. lydia, G. albida, p. 29 Genista involucrata, G. carina/is, G. anatolica, p. 29 Genista aucheri, G. sessilifolia, G. acanthoclada, p. 29 Spartium junceum, Podocyti'sus caramasicus, Adenocarpus complicatus, p. 35 Calicotome villosa, Lotononis genistoides, p. 35 Argyrolobium crotalarioides, A. biebersteinii, A. uniflorum, p. 35 Colutea cilicica, p. 45 Colutea melanocalyx, C. insularis, C. armena, C. istria, p. 45 Astragalus hamosus, p. 45 Astragalus eriophyllus, A. amasiensis, A. oxytropifolius, p. 73 Astragalus macroscepus, A. coadunatus, A. densifolius, p. 73 Astragalus chrysochlorus, A. cicer, A. sachanewii, p. 73 Astragalus nanus, A. barbatus, A. leucothrix, p. 95 Astragalus glycyphyllos, A. fraxinifolius, p. 95 Astragalus caraganae, A. christianus, p. 95 Astragalus angustiflorus, p. 113 Astragalus pinetorum, p. 113 Astragalus gummifer, p. 113 Astragalus aureus, A. pseudocaspius, p. 127 Astragalus eriocephalus, A. rousseanus, p. 127 Astragalus microcephalus, p. 127 Astragalus pycnocephalus, p. 137 Astragalus plumosus, p. 137 Astragalus gossypinus, A. xanthogossypinus, A. prusianus, p. 137 Astragalus lamarckii, p. 149 Astragalus kurdicus, A. andrachneifolius, p. 149 Astragalus cephalotes, p. 149 Astragalus condensatus, p. 161 Astragalus brachypterus, p. 161 Astragalus wiedemannianus, p. 161 Astragalus lagurus, p. 191 Astragalus ponticus, p. 191 Astragalus macrocephalus, p. 191 Astragalus lydius, A. mesogitanus, A. melitenensis, p. 207

List of Maps

43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

55 56 57 58

59 60 61 62 63 64

Astragalus karamasicus, A. onobrychis, p. 207 Astragalus strigillosus, A. xerophilus, p. 207 Astragalus incertus, A. hirsutus, A. globosus, p. 223 Astragalus amoenus, A. squalidus, p. 223 Astragalus fragrans, A. acmonotrichus, p. 223 Astragalus armeniacus, A. microrchis, A. syringus, A. humilis, p. 231 Astragalus schizopterus, A. glaucophyllus, A. humillimus, A. sanguinolentus, p. 231 Astragalus elongatus, p. 231 Astragalus campylosema, p. 269 Astragalus angustifolius, p. 269 Astragalus ova/is, Cicer incisum, p. 269 Cicer montbretii, C. isauricum, C. f/oribundum, C. anatolicum, p. 273 Cicer pinnatifidum, C. echinospermum, p. 273 Vicia crocea, V. cassia, p. 273 Vicia cracca, p. 285 Vicia cracca subsp. stenophylla, p. 285 Vicia canescens, p. 285 Vicia cassubica, V. alpestris, p. 297 Vicia cappadocica, V. truncatula, V. assyriaca, p. 297 Vicia caesarea, V. koeieana, V. balansae, p. 297 Vicia hyrcanica, V. noeana, p. 309 Vicia freyniana, V. melanops, V. ciliatula, V. aintabensis,

p. 309 65 66 67 68 69 70

Lens montbretii, L. ervoides, p. 309 Lens orienta/is, p. 335 Lathyrus aureus, L. libani, L. incurvus, p. 335 Lathyrus pallescens, L. brachypterus, L. cilicicus, p. 335 Lathyrus karsianus, L. satdaghensis, L. armenus, L. digitatus, L. spathulatus, p. 339 Lathyrus nivalis, L. cyaneus, L. tukhtensis, L. variabilis,

p. 339 71

72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

Lathyrus elongatus, L. boissieri, L. stenophyllus, p. 339 Lathyrus layardii, L. laxiflorus, L. czeczottianus, p. 345 Lathyrus pratensis, L. cassius, p. 345 Lathyrus rotundifolius, L. undulatus, L. gorgoni, p. 345 Lathyrus tuberosus, L. chrysanthus, p. 353 Lathyrus vinealis, L. sphaericus, p. 353 Lathyrus roseus, L. annuus, p. 353 Lathyrus cicera, p. 363 Lathyrus pseudo-cicera, L. chloranthus, p. 363 Pisum sativum, p. 363 Vaviloviaformosa, Trifoliumpolyphyllum, p. 393 Trifolium sintenisii, T. speciosum, p. 393 Trifolium boissieri, T. rytidosemium, p. 393 Trifolium mesogitanum, T. spadiceum, T. erubescens, p. 403 Trifolium sebastiani, T. aureum, T. barbulatum, p. 403 [xi]

List of Maps

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98

[xii]

Trifolium longidentatum, T. caucasicum, T. canescens, T. davisii, p. 403 Trifolium trichocephalum, T. caudatum, p. 423 Trifolium pannonicum, p. 423 Trifolium alpestre, T. haussknechtii, T. rousseanum, p. 423 Trifolium purpureum, p. 491 Medicago papillosa, M. noeana, p. 491 Cytisopsis dorycniifolia, p. 491 Dorycnium pentaphyllum, p. 515 Lotus gebelia, p. 515 Lotus aegaeus, p. 515 Lotus strictus, p. 539 Coronilla eremus, C. orientalis, p. 539 Coronilla varia, p. 539

LIST OF FIGURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Biserrula (fruit), Astragalus (fruits and standards), p. 91 Astragalus (standards and fruits), Oxytropis (fruits, inflorescence, standards and keel), p. 229 Lathyrus (styles and fruits), Vicia (standards, calyces and fruits), p. 323 Trifolium (calyces), p. 399 Trifolium (calyces), p. 411 Trifolium (calyces), p. 417 Trifolium (calyces), p. 427 Trifolium (calyces), p. 433 Trifolium (calyces), p. 439 Trifolium (calyces), p. 444 Trigonella (fruits), p. 463 Trigonella (fruits and calyces), miscellaneous fruits, p. 473 Medicago (fruits), p. 493 Medicago (fruits), p. 505 Onobrychis (fruits and flowers), Hedysarum (fruits), p. 585

[xiii]

ABBREVIATIONS This list does not include abbreviations of authorities, books and journals or herbaria; for the first we have followed general usage, for the last Index Herbariorum, and for the remainder we have used abbreviations that should be readily comprehensible. An asterisk (*) before a generic or species name indicates that the taxon only occurs in Turkey as an introduced or cultivated plant. An exclamation mark (!) following a cited specimen shows that the specimen has been seen by the author of the account; following a synonym it indicates that type material of the synonymous taxon has been seen. Alt. Azn. Bal. Bauer & Spitz. Boiss. Cand. C em D.

d. Da. De. diam. E Euro-Sib. excl. f.

Fl. Fors.-Maj. fr. G. Hand.-Mazz. Haradj. Hausskn. Heldr. Hub.-Mor. ibid. Ic. incl. Ir.-Tur. Is. It. Leyd. km

loc. cit. [xiv]

Altitude G. V. Aznavour B. Balansa K. Bauer & F. Spitzenberger P. E. E. Boissier C. A. Candargy Central centimetres P. H. Davis district Dag, Dagi or Daglari (Turkish for mountain or mountain range) Dere, Deresi (Turkish for valley) diameter East Euro-Siberian excluding figure Flowering period (in months) C. J. Forsyth-Major fruit Gol, Golii (Turkish for lake) H. F. von Randel-Mazzetti M. Haradjian C. Haussknecht T. von Heldreich A. Huber-Morath in the same place Icon including Irano-Turanian Islands Iter Leydenense (a Dutch expedition) kilometres on the page previously cited

Abbreviations m metres A. Manissadjian Medit. Mediterranean mm millimetres mt. mountain N North op. cit. in the work previously cited photo photograph Plitm. U. Plitmann p.p. pro parte Rech. K. H. Rechinger fil. S South s.l. sea level Stn. & Hend. J. D. A. Stainton & D. M. Henderson t. plate unloc. not localised W West Y. Yayla, Yaylasi (Turkish for summer pasture) Yalt. F. Yaltirik ± more or less, about x 'times' (e.g. 3 x 4 mm = 3 mm long by 4 mm wide) Maniss.

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