Everyday English in Focus: учебное пособие для развития навыков чтения и устной речи (уровень A1-A2) 9785190110296

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/ДК811.1/.2 >БК 81.2 Англ. ри очень высокая женщина, а ее муж низкого роста. ()ни приятные люди средних лет.

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Everyday English in Focus

2) Врач сказал, что у меня лишний вес. - А какой у тебя рост и сколько ты весишь? - Мой рост 1,64 метра и вес 67 кило­ грамм. 3) Как выглядит твоя сестра? - Она среднего роста, у нее пря­ мые светлые волосы. Она очень симпатичная. 4) Я верю в то, что знаки зодиака определяют (define) некото­ рые черты характера. Например, тельцы очень организо­ ванные, а близнецы общительные. 5) Какой у тебя характер? Ты щедрый или скупой? Ты опти­ мист или пессимист? Ты трудолюбивый или ленивый? 2.

Work with a partner. Practise asking and answering questions to find out about the appearance and character of your family members/friends.

How tall is ...? How much does ... weigh? What colour is ... ? What does ... look like? What is ... like? 5.

Who is your favourite actor/ singer/ film character? Write a de­ tailed description of his/her appearance and character.

TOPIC VOCABULARY

Appearance

pretty/ beautiful/ handsome/ attractive/ good-looking tall/ short old/ young slim/ thin heard medium height Hilly overweight/ fat

moustache

plain/ ordinary elderly/ middle-aged dark/ fair skin blonde hair straight/ curly/ wavy height weight (n) weigh (v)

plump

Topic 2. Appearance and Character

Character

character trait generous/ mean hard-working/ lazy nervous/ relaxed popular/ unpopular confident fit friendly intelligent fun-loving happy careful shy energetic adventurous aggressive calm patient/ impatient materialistic witty kind

19 Additional vocabulary

helpful moody sociable vain fussy critical artistic indecisive passionate cruel cheerful optimistic/ pessimistic reckless sensible organized conceited loyal insensitive romantic sympathetic

signs of the zodiac Aries Aquarius Cancer Capricorn Gemini Leo Libra Pisces Sagittarius Scorpio Taurus Virgo foreigner bed and breakfast on average make friends I agree. I don’t agree. I disagree

TOPIC 3

HOMES AND BUILDINGS 1.

Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions about your home. Use the phrases below to help you. Where is it? It’s in the city centre/ by the river ... Is your house big? Does it have a garden? What’s it like? It’s new/ small... How many rooms have you got? There are ...

2.

Do you like your home? Why (not)? What would you like to change?

3.

Put the words in the box into three groups: rooms, furniture, equipment.

armchair bathroom bedroom bookcase carpet chair cooker curtains cupboard desk dining room dishwasher fridge hall kitchen living room shower sofa study table wardrobe 4.

Think about where you would like to live. Work with a partner. Put the following in order of importance, compare your ideas.

The place should have:

5.

large bedrooms a balcony modem furniture a garden a large kitchen

It should be: - in a quiet road - near a supermarket - in a central location - near public transport - near restaurants

a) Read the text and write down positive and negative things about the flat

I live in a block of flats. I live on the ground floor, and my brother has a flat on the third floor. Unfortunately, there is no lift, so he climbs

Topic 3. Homes and Buildings

21

three flights of stairs to reach his flat. But he has a balcony with a won­ derful view of the park opposite the flats. My rooms on the ground floor are quite dark because they don’t get very much sun. They are also quite noisy because they are near the roads and the traffic. The other negative thing is that the rooms are draughty. This means it is expensive to heat the rooms. Fortunately I have a very good central heating system. In other ways, it is also very nice: it’s in good condition, and the rooms are huge. I have a modem kitchen, nice and clean with a lot of cupboards. There’s a washing ma­ chine, a fridge and a cooker, but there isn’t a dishwasher.

Find the words in the text which mean the opposite. Which of these words describe your home?

light quiet stuffy cheap 6.

in bad condition tiny old-fashioned dirty -

a) Read the text and complete the sentence.

This text is about.......................................................................................... More than half British families own their homes (houses or flats). Others live in council accommodation and some people rent from pri­ vate owners. There are three main types of houses in Britain: a) de­ tached; b) semi-detached; c) terraced. A detached house is the most ex­ pensive type of home. It stands on its own land and is not attached to another building. Such houses have privacy from neighbours, and they are ideal for keen gardeners who can devote plenty of time to work in their garden. A semi-detached house is joined to the house next door by a shared wall. A house of this kind is less expensive than a detached house, but still offers a good standard of privacy and comfort. It usually has a small garden at the front and a larger garden at the back. A ter­ raced house is usually two- or three-storeys high. It is one of a continu­ ous row of similar houses, joined together by their side walls. A terraced house usually costs less than a semi-detached or detached house of simi­ lar size. There are miles of terraced houses in most towns. Over a quar­ ter of British families live in them. There are also other types of buildings in which people live: d) apartment blocks; e) bungalows; f) country cottages. Bungalows are

Everyday English in Focus

22

one-storey houses which are popular with older people. Apartment blocks - are high-rise blocks of flats which provide accommodation for a lot of city dwellers. But these buildings are not very popular. About 20% of the population live in flats. There are more flats in cities than in rural areas. Most people in Britain traditionally like to live in houses. When people buy a house or a flat in Britain, they usually borrow money from a bank or an organization called a Building Society. This money, which is called a mortgage, is often paid back over 25 years. Other people rent a house or flat. When they do this, the money they pay is called the rent, and the person who owns the house or flat is the land­ lord. b) Answer the questions. 1. What are the main types of houses in Britain? 2. What is a detached house? 3. What is the difference between a detached house and a semi­ detached house? 4. What is a terraced house? 5. Who likes to live in bungalows? 6. Why are apartment block not very popular? 7. What houses are built in Russia? 8. Do you share the opinion that many-storeyed houses are not quite convenient for living in? What do you think? 9. What is a mortgage? 7.

a) Read the dialogue and translate it.

A: So, where do you live, Pete? Have you got your own house?

B: No, I haven’t. I’ve got a modem studio apartment in the centre

of town.

A: Has it got a garden? B: No, it hasn’t got a garden, but it’s got a small terrace. A: Is there a kitchen in the apartment?

B: No, there isn’t but there’s a kitchen area with a fridge, a cooker

and a sink. But I haven’t got a microwave. A: What about furniture?

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Topic 3. Homes and Buildings

B: I’ve got a coffee table, and there are two chairs. And I’ve got a beautiful sofa - I love that sofa, I use it all the time - I eat my

meals there because I haven’t got a dining table! A: Is there a TV?

B: Yes, of course. And I’ve got a music system. A: Have you got a computer?

B: Yes, I’ve got a laptop computer -1 use the Internet a lot.

b) Work with a partner. Change the dialogue to speak about your homes. Learn it by heart WRITING ABOUT YOUR HOME

1.

Read the four mini-texts below. Write out words from the texts in the correct columns. Type of building

Rooms

Other features

Adjectives describing houses

1. Hello, I’m Tracey and I live in a terraced house in Glasgow, Scotland. A terraced house is a house joined to a row of other houses. It is not very big, only two bedrooms but my husband and I live on our own, so there is enough space for us and our dog, Spot. The only problem with a terraced house is the noise if you are unlucky enough to have noisy neighbours. Fortunately, we do not have that problem. 2. Hi, my name is Erik. I’m fifteen. I live with my parents in a small town in the South-East of England. We have a semi­ detached house. This means that my house is joined to another house. It has a kitchen, lounge, bathroom with a toilet and three bedrooms. Oh, yes we also have a small garden. British people like having a garden, you know. It’s quite a modem house, so we have central heating. I would really like an open fireplace but modem houses do not have them.

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Everyday English in Focus

3. Hi there. I’m Paul from London. I live in a detached house with my wife, two kids and a cat. It is quite a large house with a nice back garden and five bedrooms. Having a detached house is more expensive than a semi-detached or terraced one. I like it because when you are sitting in the garden, nobody else can see you. I would like to buy a country cottage somewhere nice and quiet but how would I find a job there? 4. Hello, my name is Yasmin. I’m fourteen and I live in Liverpool. My family comes from Bangladesh but I was bom in England. We live in a council estate in a block of flats. This means that we did not have to buy our flat. It was given to us for free by the local government. Most British people would not want to live in a block of flats because quite often they are badly built and are associated with poverty and crime.

2.

Write a similar description of your flat or house. Use the under­ lined words and word combinations. ROUND-UP

1.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English. 1) Мы живем в квартире в спальном районе Москвы. В кварти­ ре две комнаты, кухня и большой балкон. Мне нравится наш район, потому что он тихий и зеленый. 2) Когда я ездил в Британию, я жил с семьей в небольшом го­ родке в пригороде Лондона. Дом на две семьи, где я жил, имеет свой сад на заднем дворе. У меня был свой собствен­ ный кабинет. 3) Очень удобно, когда рядом с твоим домом есть станция метро, большой супермаркет и парк. 4) Мне бы хотелось жить в огромной квартире с современным дизайном в центре города. К сожалению, снимать такую квартиру очень дорого. 5) Моя мама много времени проводит на кухне, поэтому для нее важно иметь посудомоечную машину.

2.

Think about your dream home. Make notes about it. Modern apartment, three bedrooms, solar panels...

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Topic 3. Homes and Buildings

Now write a detailed description ofyour dream home.

3.

Work in a group. Use the prompts to find out information about your group mates ’ dream homes. Make a report. • how big? • garden/ terrace? • how many rooms? • where (near shops, etc)? • other features? • neighbours?

TOPIC VOCABULARY

Types of buildings

Rooms

block of flats apartment detached house semi-detached house terraced house bungalow country cottage two-storey house

bathroom bedroom dining room living room hall kitchen study lounge balcony back garden/ front garden

Furniture

Equipment

armchair bookcase carpet chair curtains cupboard desk sofa dining table wardrobe fireplace coffee table

dishwasher fridge cooker music system laptop microwave shower sink washing machine central heating lift

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Everyday English in Focus

Describing a house

Additional vocabulary

quiet/ noisy near a shop/ restaurant/ public transport on the ground floor/ first floor with a view of the park dark/ light expensive/ cheap huge/ tiny clean/ dirty modem/ old-fashioned draughty/ stuffy in good condition

live in a council estate/ on the outskirts/ in the sub­ urbs/ in a residential area/ in the city centre mortgage rural area/ urban area city dweller neighbours privacy comfort own a flat/ rent a flat

TOPIC 4

DAILY ROUTINE

1.

Match activities with parts of the day.

get home get up early go to university go to bed late leave home have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner chat on the phone watch TV check your email do exercise go for a walk go clubbing do nothing catch a bus/ a train wake up have a shower clean the house

in the evening -............ at night -............

in the morning -.......... in the afternoon -........... 2.

Which activities from Exercise 1 do you do every day? Only at weekends? A few times a week? Once a month? Sometimes? Never? Compare with a partner.

3.

Put the nouns into the correct column: the bed, breakfast, a sandwich, the housework, homework, a mistake, a phone call, the shopping.

DO

4.

HAVE

MAKE the bed

Choose the correct verb in each sentence.

1) He does/ has/ makes phone calls to his family from a public tel­ ephone. 2) It’s not easy to do/have/make friends. 3) My little sister never does/ has/ makes the housework. 4) Let’s go to a cafe and do/ have/make a sandwich. 5) My mother does/has/makes the shopping every weekend. 6) I always do/ have/ make my bed before I do/ have/ make break­ fast.

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Everyday English in Focus

5.

What is your favourite time of the day/ week? Why? What is your least favourite time of the day/ week? Why?

6.

a) Read the text and put activities in order. leave home getup have a shower play tennis

have lunch meet the boss have a break get to the office

have a rest have dinner take the bus watch TV

I get up at 6 o’clock, and at quarter past six I have breakfast. At half past six I have a shower, and then I leave home at 7 o’clock. I walk to the bus stop, and at ten past seven I take the bus to work. I get to my office at quarter to eight and I start work at eight o’clock. At 10 o’clock, I have a break, and I start work again at half past ten. At quarter past twelve I have lunch. After lunch at quarter past one, I meet my boss, and then at half past two I finish work and leave the office. I get home at quarter past three, and at 4 o’clock I play tennis with my friends. At quarter past six I watch the news on television, and at quarter to seven I eat dinner. After dinner I have a rest. I go to bed at about 11 o’clock.

b) Answer the following questions for yourself. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

7.

When do you get up? When do you leave home? How do you get to university? When do your classes start? When do you have lunch? When are your classes over? What do you do after classes? When do you go to bed?

a) Read the text about Luke’s typical day.

On a typical day I get up at 7 o’clock. 1 leave home about half an hour later and then I drive to work. The journey takes about 45 minutes, and to fill the time I listen to the news on the radio. I stop in a bar near the office before I get to work and I always have a large black coffee, but I don’t have anything to eat. I don’t like to eat in the morning. I al­ ways go to the same bar so the waiter knows me well and we talk about football or the weather. I start work at about half past eight and in the

Topic 4. Daily Routine

29

morning I check my e-mail, make phone calls and try to help my team with the problems. I have lunch in a restaurant near the office, and then in the afternoon I meet clients and talk to them about our products. I usually finish at about 6 o’clock, but if I have a lot of work, I don’t leave until later - sometimes much later. What do I do in the evenings? Well, every Monday I play football with some friends. On Wednesdays I have a three-hour Italian class. It’s very difficult because I’m a beginner in Ital­ ian. The other days I always go jogging. It helps me relax. I don’t watch TV; I think the programmes are horrible. Most days I read -1 like history books, and biographies of famous people. I go to bed at about midnight.

b) Complete the table with the times for each activity that Luke does during the day. ____________________________ Luke____________________________ 7 o’clock - get up

c) Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

What does Luke drink in the morning? What does he talk about with the waiter? When does he look at his e-mails? Who does he meet in the afternoon? What does he do on Monday evening? What language does he study? Why does he go running? What books does he read?

ROUND-UP

1.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

Что ты обычно делаешь в среду днем? - Я рано прихожу 1) домой после университета, обедаю и выполняю домашнее задание. В семь часов вечера у меня испанский.

30

Everyday English in Eocus

2) Мне очень сложно рано вставать по утрам. Я довольно час­ то опаздываю, поэтому я редко завтракаю дома и никогда не убираю постель. 3) Как проходит день у офисного работника? - В семь часов утра он встает, принимает душ, выпивает чашку кофе и едет на работу. Работа начинается в девять. В полдень у него пе­ рерыв на обед. В шесть часов он заканчивает работу и едет домой или встречается с друзьями в каком-нибудь кафе. 4) По выходным родители ходят за покупками и занимаются уборкой дома. В субботу вечером к нам часто приходят гос­ ти и остаются допоздна, поэтому мы ложимся спать после полуночи.

5) Моя сестра проверяет электронную почту несколько раз день. 2.

Complete the table with the information about yourself, your best friend or your family member. Write a mini-text about your daily routine.

I 7 o’clock - get up

3.

My best friend

My father

Ask your partner about his/ her daily/ weekly routine. Are your days/ weeks the same or different?

What do you do in the afternoon on Tuesday? When do you ...? How often do you ...? 4.

What could be the daily routine of a celebrity? A politician? Write a page from their diary entitled “My typical day”.

31

Topic 4. Daily Routine

TOPIC VOCABULARY

Routines

Additional vocabulary

get home/ come home/ leave home get up early/ go to bed late go to university have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner chat on the phone check your email do exercise/ homework go for a walk go clubbing/jogging do nothing take/ catch a bus/ a train wake up have a shower/ a bath clean the house have a rest meet the boss have a break play tennis/ football get to the office drive to work make a phone call make the bed do the housework/ the shopping

in the morning in the afternoon in the evening at night at midnight at noon at 6 o’clock a.m. at 3 o’clock p.m. at half past 4 at a quarter to 7 every Monday on Friday at the weekend on weekdays make a mistake

TOPIC 5

FREE TIME

1.

Put these leisure activities in order, from most interesting to most boring. Add more activities to the list.

gardening cooking reading surfing the Internet 2.

watching videos listening to music doing nothing going to a cafe

A nswer for yourself. • If you have friends around, what do you like to do? • Does anyone come to stay at your house/ flat? • What do you like to read most? • How often do you phone your friends?

3.

Where do you do the following activities? Complete the table. Add more activities to each column.

cook go for a walk go shopping go to a concert go to the gym listen to music meet friends play football (or another sport) play games online play the guitar (or another instrument) read a book/ a magazine sunbathe surf the Internet swim text friends watch TV/ videos do gardening at home

4.

in the park

in the shop

at a club

at a sports centre

Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions about free time. What do you do in your free time? When ...? Where ... ? How often ...?

33

Topic 5. Free Time

5.

Write activities in the wordforks.

go on

go 6.

Read the three mini-texts and discuss the best way to spend free time. What do you do in yourfree time?

I don’t have a lot of energy when I get home after work. Usually I just stay in and watch TV or surf the net. I like watching soap operas and I never miss an episode of my favorite programmes. If there’s noth­ ing on TV then I might call some of my friends for a chat. I don’t g° out very much and I’d much rather spend time at home. I like cooking and trying out new recipes. Sometimes I’ll have friends over for a dinner party, but I’m quite happy just relaxing *n house with a good book. ❖ I like to go out and have a good time. After dinner, I usually g° t0 a bar and hang out with my friends till 3 or 4 in the morning. I also love going to the movies. If I’m in town at the weeken) Answer the questions.

What is a hobby? Where do Americans like to spend their free time? What is an idea of a national park? What are they? What can you do in an American national park? Are Americans fond of doing sports in their free time? Which sports do they like to do? 6. Are Americans interested in culture?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

c) How do the Russian people like to spend their free time? Write a paragraph about it. Use the underlined words and word combinations from the text where possible. ROUND-UP

1.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1) Когда ко мне приходят друзья, мы обычно вместе играем в компьютерные игры. Мы также любим ходить в кино каждый четверг, когда выходит (comes out) новый фильм.

35

Topic 5. Free Time

2) Если погода хорошая, мы занимаемся спортом на улице играем в баскетбол или футбол, тренируемся (work out) на специальной площадке. 3) Как ты любишь проводить свое свободное время? - Я люб­ лю быть дома, лежать на диване, читать книгу и пить чай. 4) Подростки проводят все свое свободное время за компью­ тером. Они смотрят фильмы и сериалы онлайн, общаются в социальных сетях или просто сидят в интернете.

5) Пойдем погуляем в парке? - Я сейчас занята, давай встре­ тимся через час в кафе. 2.

What kind ofperson are you? • I like staying in, eating, watching TV or surfing the Internet. • I like going out, dancing and meeting friends. • I like reading and going to museums and art galleries.

Guess which of these expressions describes your type:

a party animal

a culture vulture

a couch potato

3.

What would you recommend to each of the three types ofpeople? What kind ofpeople are your family, friends and group mates?

4.

Make up questions to ask your group mates about different ways of spending free time. Mingle and discuss, then report your find­ ings in writing. What’s the best museum you’ve been to? What’s the most interesting TV programme/ series for you? What type of music do you like?

36

Everyday English in Focus TOPIC VOCABULARY

Activities

Additional vocabulary

cook

hang out with friends soap opera series sitcom episode recipe have friends around/ over for a party

go for a walk go shopping (for clothes) go to a concert/ to the gym/ to a cafe listen to music meet friends play football (or another sport) play games online play the guitar (or another instru­ ment) read a book/ a magazine

sunbathe surf the Internet

text friends watch TV/ videos do gardening stay in/ go out relax

go to the cinema/ movies go skiing/ windsurfing

have a good time keep in shape be outdoors/ indoors be stuck at home play board games party animal

couch potato culture vulture

TOPIC 6

EDUCATION

1.

Put these school subjects into the correct columns. English geography

physics Russian Spanish IT chemistry art music maths

Art

history biology

Sciences

You can do/ study these subjects at a university: medicine engineering architecture agriculture law politics psychology philosophy sociology business studies economics What other subjects did you study at school? What subjects do you do at university?

2.

Explain the difference in meaning: student vs pupil subject vs topic college vs university teacher vs professor lesson vs lecture

3.

Discuss the questions with a partner.

1) When do you start/finish your education in Russia? 2) What are famous schools and universities in Russia/ Moscow/ your town? 3) What subjects do pupils study at schools in this country? 4) Did you enjoy your schooldays? Why/ why not? 5) Were you a good pupil at school? Why/ why not? 6) Who was your favourite teacher? Why? 7) Do you think everyone should go to college or university? Why/ why not?

38

Everyday English in Focus

4.

a) Read and translate the text paying attention to the underlined words and word combinations.

The education system in the UK In England and Wales, the education system goes from reception (the first year at primary school) to year 12 (the final year of sixth form college or secondary school). Parents can send their children to nursery school between the ages of about three or five. The children spend a few hours at nursery school each day, playing and doing activities with other children. From the age of five, education is compulsory. Between five and eleven, children go to primary school. Primary schools are usually divided into an infant school (for children aged five to seven) and a jun­ ior school (for children aged seven to eleven). When they are 11 years old, children go to secondary school and take their GCSE at the age of 16. They can leave school when they are 16, but if they want to stay in education, they study for two more years and take А-levels at the age of 18. They either stay at school, or go to a sixth form college or a techni­ cal college.

b) Answer the questions about the education system in Britain. 1. At what age do British children go to nursery school? What do they do there? 2. When do they start primary school? 3. When do they go to secondary school? 4. At what age can children leave school? 5. What is GCSE? 6. What are A-levels?

5.

a) Read and translate the text paying attention to the underlined words and word combinations.

The education system in the USA In the US, the education system goes from kindergarten (the first year of elementary school) to 12th grade (the final year of high school). Parents can send their children to nursery school from the age of two or three. Children must attend school from the age of five onwards. The first year of school is called kindergarten. Children aged between five and eleven go to elementary or grade school. Between 12 and 14 they attend junior high school and between 14 and 17 they go to high school. Students in high school take examinations at the end of each semester.

39

Topic 6. Education

All the grades they have earned are given a number value and a grade point average (G.P.A.) is calculated. Students who have passed enough courses graduate from high school. If they want to go to university, they must earn good enough grades and take a special test. b) Answer the questions about the education system in the USA. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

At what age do American children go to nursery school? What is kindergarten in the USA? When do children start elementary/ grade school? When do they go to high school? At what age can children complete compulsory education? What is G.P.A.? How can they graduate from high school? What do they need to do to continue education?

c) What do you call:

-

the money some students receive if they get a place at university? the qualification you get at the end of university? the name we give students during this period at university? teachers at university? students when they have completed their first degree? students studying for a second, higher degree?

lecturers/ professors undergraduates

a scholarship/ a grant a degree graduates post-graduates

d) Work in groups. Ask and answer the questions. a) Did you go to nursery school? b) Do most children start primary school at the age of five in Rus­ sia? c) How many subjects did you study at secondary school? d) How many lessons did you have every day? e) Was your school a state school or private school? f) At what age can you leave school in Russia? g) How many terms are there in a school year?

40

Everyday English in Focus

h) How many exams do you have to take during school years? i) Do you need to pass examinations before you can go to univer­ sity? j) Do some students get a grant to study at university? k) Is the tuition free if you go to university? l) Do most degree courses last three years? 6.

a) Before you read the text discuss the following questions. 1. How is the main building of MSU decorated? Do you find it impressive (outdated)? Why (why not)? 2. What facilities are there in the campus? Which of them are popular with you most of all? 3. What can you say about the library? Is it really helpful? Do you often go there? 4. Do you know any famous graduates of MSU? 5. What disciplines are stronger in MSU? 6. Is it a challenge for you to be a student of MSU? Why?

b) Read the text and answer the questions. The Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) is the oldest univer­ sity in Russia. It was founded in 1755 and originally consisted of three faculties: law, medicine and philosophy.

The tradition of physics research at Moscow University goes back to the very foundation of the university when a physics laboratory was established at the Philosophy Faculty. Since 1757 lectures on experi­ mental physics have been delivered and experiments have been demon­ strated. In 1859 the Physics and Mathematics Faculty was founded. In 1933 the Physics Department became an independent Faculty. Today the Faculty of Physics is the major centre for Physics teach­ ing and research in Russia. There are six divisions which deal with ex­ perimental and theoretical physics, solid state physics, radiophysics and electronics, nuclear physics, geophysics, astronomy. A separate division provides complementary educational programs. As of September 2012, the Faculty has 41 departments carrying out research and covering edu­

41

Topic 6. Education

cational courses in practically all fields of fundamental and applied modem physics. The Faculty of Physics has a unique way of training specialists. Teaching at all levels is undertaken by staff with a real command of their subject. The faculty offers programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science (BSc), Master of Science (MSc), Specialist, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Science (DSc). Degrees gained by our graduates are highly regarded by employers and are valued all over the world. You may start your career as a professional physicist, but can also enter many other professions as a person who has been trained to understand complex data, think logically and critically and communi­ cate ideas effectively.

1. When was Moscow State University founded?

2. When did the Faculty of Physics get its present status? 3. What divisions are there? 4. How many departments does the faculty have?

5. Why did you enter the Faculty of Physics?

ROUND-UP

1.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English. 1) В России дети учатся в школе одиннадцать лет, из них че­ тыре года в начальной школе и пять лет в средней. После этого нужно сдать экзамены и можно уйти из школы, но большинство детей продолжают учиться в 10 и 11 классах, чтобы поступить в университет.

2) Я пошел в школу, когда мне было 6 лет. В начальной школе мне нравились все предметы, но потом физика и математи­ ка стали для меня самыми интересными предметами. 3) В прошлом году я готовился к ЕГЭ (Unified State Exam). Я хорошо сдал экзамены и смог поступить в МГУ на физиче­ ский факультет. 4) Мне нравится здесь учиться, хотя это довольно сложно. За­ нятия длятся полтора часа и предметы не такие, как были в школе. Преподаватели на факультете строгие, но справед­

42

Everyday English in Eocus

ливые. Одногруппники очень дружелюбные и всегда гото­ вы помочь. 5) Когда мы закончим обучение через четыре года, мы полу­ чим степень бакалавра. Я бы хотел продолжить учиться и получить степень магистра, а потом пойти в аспирантуру. 2.

Complete the text about the timetable of a typical secondary school in Britain.

The school day is normally................. into six or seven................ , with................. during the morning, at lunch and in the afternoon. Over the whole week, ................ usually do about ten different................... The school year normally has three................ , with exams at the end of the year. 3.

Write similar texts about the timetables of:

- a typical secondary school in the USA - a typical secondary school in Russia - the Faculty of Physics of MSU 4.

Read the following profiles of the University of Greenwich alum­ ni. Write a paragraph entitled “Why choose Moscow State Uni­ versity?” Frank Ng, Hong Kong, China (MSc Finance - Business School)

"One of the reasons I chose to come to the University of Green­ wich was because of the beautiful campus and the great diversity of people. I was offered a place to stay and there were programmes espe­ cially for international students that helped me to settle in. Ifeel that my programme has been helpful to me in finding jobs. I now have a great job in a bank. ” Mamit Agarwal, India (BEng Computer Networking - School of Engineering)

“1 was doing my Engineering in IT programme in India and was lucky to get my course transferred to Greenwich. The University of Greenwich is among the few universities in the UK providing free per­ sonal development classes for their students. ”

43

Topic 6. Education

Addool Kadell, Mauritius (BSc Computing Science - School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences) “I chose Greenwich because of its geographic location as London is the greatest cosmopolitan city in the world. I was very involved in ex­ tra activities and was part of the university's football team where I got the opportunity to travel to other universities as well as to meet people from so many different nationalities. The university will always have a special place in my heart. ’’

TOPIC VOCABULARY

Education system

Subjects

nursery school kindergarten elementary/ grade school primary school secondary school junior high school high school sixth form college technical college university

medicine

chemistry

engineering

music

architecture

maths

agriculture

biology

law

Arts

psychology

Sciences

politics

Humanities

philosophy

state school/ private school

sociology

experimental/ theo­ retical physics

business studies

solid state physics

faculty department division student/ pupil teacher/ professor

economics

radiophysics

languages physics

electronics geophysics

undergraduate/ graduate/ post-graduate student

IT history

geography

fundamental/ applied physics

BA/BSc MA/MSc PhD/ DSc

nuclear physics astronomy

Everyday English in Eocus

44

Additional vocabulary carry out research deliver a lecture on ... demonstrate experiments a field of science staff train specialists start/ finish/ complete education leave school enter a university graduate from a university/ high school do activities compulsory education be divided into ... take/ pass/ fail exams/ a test

GCSE A-levels at the age of... grade/ form attend school/ lectures semester/ term get marks/ grades earn points/ grades G.P.A. take/ pass a course do a subject/ course get a scholarship/ grant get a degree alumni

TOPIC 7

SPORTS

1.

A lot ofpeople do exercise in their free time. What do you do?

play basketball swimming

go to the gym aerobics

2.

play football

dance

play tennis

ride a bike

ski

go running

skate

do yoga

go do

Discuss the following questions in small groups. a) What’s the most popular sport in our country (to watch and to play)? b) How popular are the sports below? gymnastics archery badminton cycling fencing

3.

table tennis hockey judo football sailing

Put the sports from Exercise 2 in the correct columns. Add more sports to each column.

DO

GO

PLAY

+ 4.

Make a list of the sports you have played in your life. Put them in order of enjoyment Compare the lists with your group mates.

5.

Put the words in the correct groups.

golf

fotball racket court bat pitch lawn tennis boots net clubs training shoes whistle swimming helmet ball pool skates goals ice hockey rink stick

46

Everyday English in Focus

SPORT: PLACE: EQUIPMENT: 6.

Write down:

7.

five games where you can hit the ball (with some equipment) four games where you can pass the ball (with hands or feet) three games where you can catch the ball two games where you can kick the ball one game where you can head the ball

Complete the sentences.

• The letters NBA mean ................................. , the association which controls basketball in the United States. • A rugby ball is similar to the ball used in football, but there is one important difference: the shape. A football is................, but a rugby ball is................. like an egg. • The Winter Olympics happen every................years. • The sport of judo is now popular all over the world, but it began about 120 years ago in................. • The................. player always starts in a game of chess. • A soccer referee signals the end of a game by giving................ long blows on his whistle. • An ................ match has three periods of twenty minutes that’s sixty minutes in all. • The leader of the Tour de France wears a................shirt. 8.

Discuss the following questions with your partner. Then write a brief report.

• • • • • •

What sport do you do? How often/ where/ when do you do it? Do you take sport seriously or do you do it just for fun? Are you competitive? Are you good at any sports? Which? Have you taken up a new sport recently? Have you ever given up a sport? Why?

47

Topic 7. Sports 9.

a) Read the text and answer the questions. Sports in Great Britain

British people are fond of all kinds of sport. During autumn and winter shooting and fox-hunting are the great sports in Great Britain. Boxing is very popular especially in large towns and important boxing matches are attended by many spectators. Horse racing is also a great national sport. Among games football, called soccer, and cricket take the first place in public interest. Huge crowds watch matches between the most important clubs, while practically every school or large business firm has its own cricket and football clubs. Tennis is another very popular game. Tennis tournaments at Wim­ bledon are known throughout the world. The British also like to play golf. There are golf-links all over the country. The numerous rivers offer excellent opportunities for swimming and rowing and the Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race, in which crews from the two universities compete, takes place every spring on the Thames.

1. What are the great winter sports in Britain? 2. What games are especially popular? 3. What sports event takes place every spring on the Thames?

b)

Work in pairs. Write a similar text about sports in Russia us­ ing the underlined words and word combinations.

10. a) Read the text and complete the sentence.

This text is about..................................................................................

The Olympic Games have a very long history. They began more than 2000 years ago in Greece. The Greeks were very fond of music, plays and all kinds of physical exercises. The games took place every four years at Olympia. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to take part in the Olympic Games. The strongest athletes ran, jumped, wrestled, threw a discus, and boxed. There were also chariot races. The Games were very popular, thousands of Greeks used to watch them. It was a tradition to stop wars during the Olympic Games. The competition lasted five days. The winners got olive wreaths. It was the

48

Everyday English in Focus

highest honour. When the champions came home people greeted them with flowers. For a long time from 394 till 1896 there were no Olympic games. Since 1896 the best athletes of the world have met again every 4 years. The games have always been exciting. The winners who show the best results are awarded gold, silver and bronze medals. b) Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

When were the first Olympic Games held? What did the strongest athletes do during the competition? What was the highest honour for the winners? When were the Olympic Games revived? What awards do the winners get?

11. a) Read the text and translate the text. My first big match

The first football match I went to was a few years ago, when a friend gave me a ticket to the FA Cup Final between Arsenal and Liver­ pool. I had never been to such a big stadium before, so it was a new ex­ perience for me. I remember being a bit nervous on my way into the ground because there were so many people everywhere. But once we had found our seats I began to relax and enjoy myself. The atmosphere was really great, and it got even better when the teams came out onto the pitch. It turned out to be a good game. Both teams played well and there were lots of chances at both ends of the pitch. Arsenal scored first, only twenty minutes from the end, but Michael Owen scored twice in the last ten minutes for Liverpool. The supporters went crazy and when the ref­ eree blew the whistle for the end of the match the noise was incredible. I’ve been to quite a few matches since then, but none of them has been as exciting as my first Cup Final. b) Answer the questions. 1. Have you ever been to a sports event? If so, can you describe it? 2. Do you play any sports? Have you been doing much sport late­ ly? 3. Do you belong to any local sports club?

Topic 7. Sports

49

4. Do you love watching sport on television? What are your fa­ vourite sports programmes? 5. Do you support any particular team in football, volleyball, bas­ ketball, or any other sport?

12. a) Read the following interviews in pairs. Change roles.

Interview 1

Gym assistant: Hello. We’re doing a survey of our customers. Can I ask some questions? Lisa: Yes, that’s OK. Gym assistant: Thank you. First, what’s your name? Lisa: Lisa. Lisa White. Gym assistant: And how often do you come to the club, Lisa? Lisa: Three times a week, usually. Gym assistant: Do you use the running machines? Lisa: Yes, I do. Gym assistant: Right, can you run ten kilometers in an hour? Lisa: Oh no, I can’t. Maybe in 70 or 80 minutes. Gym assistant: That’s good. And do you work out in the gym? Lisa: Yes, I do, twice a week. Gym assistant: OK, and what weight can you lift? Lisa: Well, I don’t usually lift a lot, but I can lift 35 kilos. Gym assistant: Do you use the swimming pool? Lisa: No, I don’t. Gym assistant: Really? Why not? Lisa: Well, I can’t swim, so I don’t use it. Gym assistant: Can’t you? We offer lessons here, you know. Lisa: I know, I know, but I’m scared of water. Gym assistant: I see. Well, I’m sure our trainer can help you... Interview 2

Gym assistant: What’s your name? Dan: Dan. Dan Tobin. Gym assistant: And how often do you come to the club, Dan?

50

Everyday English in Focus

Dan: Twice a week, usually. Gym assistant: Do you use the running machines? Dan: Yes, I do. Gym assistant: Can you run ten kilometers in an hour? Dan: Oh yes, I can. Easy. I can run that in about 30 minutes. Gym assistant: Really? That’s fast! And do you work out in the gym? Dan: Yes, but only once a week. Gym assistant: OK. What weight can you lift? Dan: I can lift 50 kilos. Gym assistant: That’s good. And do you use the swimming pool? Dan: Yes, I do. I usually swim two kilometers, but I can swim five kilometers. Gym assistant: Really? Dan: Oh yes, I’m super fit! Gym assistant: Yes, clearly. Can we test your fitness today? We have a machine... Dan: Oh, is that the time? 1 can’t stay, I’m afraid, I have an impor­ tant meeting. Bye. Gym assistant: But I have... oh... b) Make changes to speak about yourself. Practise your interview with a partner, then role-play it in front of the class. ROUND-UP

1.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English. 1) Самые популярные виды спорта в России - это футбол и хоккей. Футбольная площадка или каток есть почти в каж­ дом дворе. 2) Все мои друзья занимаются спортом, кто-то серьезно, а кто-то для удовольствия. Вместе мы посещаем спортивные мероприятия в нашем городе, участвуем в соревнованиях. 3) По моему мнению, смотреть спорт по телевизору очень ин­ тересно. Я могу весь день провести перед телевизором и смотреть игры NBA, скачки или велоспорт.

51

Topic 7. Sports

4) Среди подростков очень популярны экстремальные виды спорта, такие как виндсерфинг, катание на сноуборде или на роликах. 5) Я люблю смотреть международные соревнования и чем­ пионаты. Всегда интересно знать, кто из спортсменов за­ бьет самый важный гол или побьет мировой рекорд.

2.

Are these statements true for Russia? Discuss with your group mates.

1. Children play many different sports at school. 2. Our national sports teams are often successful. 3. We can see a lot of different sports competitions on TV.

3.

Make notes about each of these problems. What’s the situation in Russia? Discuss with a partner.

Sport and health: adults/ children Swimming pools and sports facilities Sport on TV 4.

Write two paragraphs about one of the problems from Exercise 3.

TOPIC VOCABULARY

Sports

play basketball/ football/ tennis go running/ swimming go to the gym dance ride a bike ski/ skate do yoga/ aerobics/ gymnastics table tennis/ lawn tennis archery ice hockey badminton

judo cycling fencing sailing rowing golf cricket horse-racing boxing shooting fox-hunting

52

Everyday English in Focus

Verbs hit/ pass/ catch/ kick/ head the ball win/ lose the game beat the team score a goal set a record/ break a record show results be awarded a gold/ silver/ bronze medal hold a competition wrestle throw a discus/javelin take part take place do (physical) exercises compete watch a match attend an event be fond of... take up a sport give up a sport be good/ bad at... take smth seriously do smth for fun blow the whistle belong to a sports club support a team

Equipment/ place racket court bat pitch net club training shoes whistle helmet ball pool skates goals rink stick golf-links stadium Additional vocabulary sports facilities olive wreath athlete crew spectator competitive ticket to ... draw

TOPIC 8

HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

/.

Complete the table using these words and word combinations. flu headache broken arm/ leg cold sore throat earache pain in the chest stomachache feel sick food poisoning high temperature toothache backache high/low blood pressure

Injury

Illness

2.

Symptom

Complete the table forming parts of speech. noun

verb to break

adjective broken

a bruise a bum a cut 1

Answer the following questions about yourself. If the answer is “yes”, when did it happen and how? How did you feel? • Have you ever broken your arm or leg? • Have you ever been unconscious? • Have you ever been in an ambulance? • Have you ever got into a fight? • Have you ever got a bruise/ a bum? • Have you ever cut yourself?

■I.

Make a note of the following adjectives used to describe food, then complete the sentences below. Food can be: fatty

staple

54

Everyday English in Focus

sugary spicy salty local

organic takeaway junk fast

I don’t like................. food. My doctor told me to avoid................. food. We wanted to try................. food when we were in Thailand. Rice is a................ food in many parts of Asia and Africa. ................. food is produced without using chemicals. ................. food is prepared and served quickly in a restaurant. ................ food is not healthy because it contains a lot of fat, salt, sugar, etc. h) You buy................ food at a restaurant, then take home to eat.

a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

5.

Study the context in which the words ‘dish’, ‘cooking’, ‘special­ ity/ specialty’, ‘diet’ and ‘recipe’ are used. Make up your own sentences with them.

Dish This dish can be eaten hot or cold. Paella is one of my favourite Spanish dishes. In Korea, the national dish is kimchi, which is a type of pickled cabbage. Cooking (cuisine) I like my mom’s home cooking the best. I bought a book on Italian cooking.

Speciality (Br)/ specialty (Am) The village is famous for its seafood specialities. Fish curry is a local specialty. Delicacy Shark fins are a delicacy in many Asian countries. We ordered several small dishes of Turkish delicacies.

Diet The doctor said there was not enough fibre in my diet. Her diet consists mainly of hamburgers, crisps and fizzy drinks.

Topic 8. Health and Healthy Lifestyle

55

Kevin lived on a diet of peanut butter sandwiches. If you eat a healthy diet, you don’t need to take extra vitamins. A balanced diet is a diet which includes a variety of different healthy foods in the right amounts. A low-fat diet is a diet when you only eat foods without much fat.

Recipe Where can I get the recipe from? 6.

Work in groups. Make lists of healthy and unhealthy food. Which of it do you eat? Which of it do you never eat? Why?

7.

Discuss the questions with a partner. Write a brief report. • What is your usual diet? • What do you eat that’s good/ not good for you? • When you were at school, what food did you eat for lunch? Were school meals healthy?

8.

a) Read and translate the two texts. British eating habits

One of the most famous English dishes is fish and chips. Tradition­ ally, people go to fish and chip shops where the food is served wrapped in paper, and they take the food away to eat either in the street or at home. It’s usual to have a lot of salt and vinegar with fish and chips. But if you ask an English person what their favourite food is, lots of people would now say curry, which has almost become England’s national dish. Italian, Chinese and Thai cooking are also very popular, and in the big cities you can eat food from just about anywhere in the world. Some people think that the English start their day with a “full Eng­ lish breakfast” of bacon, eggs, mushrooms and fried bread. In fact, peo­ ple are much more likely just to have cereal or toast. Japan

The Japanese diet is very healthy, and it is not surprising that Japa­ nese people live longer than almost anyone else in the world. Japanese dishes are usually low in fat, and therefore very good for you. For ex­

56

Everyday English in Focus

ample, “sushi” has almost no fat at all, and consists of raw fish or vege­ tables on boiled rice. Japanese meals often include rice, pickled vegetables, and a bowl of “miso soup”, which is made using soy bean paste. “Soba” (a type of noodle) is often eaten as a kind of fast food. Peo­ ple eat it quickly in noodle bars.

b) Answer the questions. 1. What is the most famous English dish? How is it served? 2. What is the favourite food of an English person? Why? 3. What is one of the reasons why Japanese people live longer than other nations? 4. What are some of traditional Japanese dishes? Have you ever tried any of them? 5. What are most famous traditional dishes in Russia? 6. What is your favourite national cuisine? Why? What dishes do you like?

9.

a) What do you know about organic food? Write several key words that can be used to speak about it b) Read the text Are your key words mentioned? Why eat organic food?

It is easy to criticize organic food. It is more expensive. It often doesn’t taste very different from ordinary food, and it doesn’t keep well, because it has fewer preservatives in it. Some people like to buy it be­ cause it is the fashionable thing to do. So why should we choose to buy organic food? Organic food is free from harmful chemicals, for example, chemi­ cals used to control weeds and insects. Although ordinary food costs less to buy in the shops than organic food, there is another hidden cost. This cost is the damage that is caused to the environment and to peo­ ple’s health. Some people say that we need to continue to produce food in large quantities using non-organic methods, in order to feed people in the de­ veloping world. In fact, the uncontrolled use of chemicals and factory farming methods in developing countries can cause the land to become useless for cultivation in only a few years.

Topic 8. Health and Healthy Lifestyle

57

For all these reasons, it seems better to choose organic food, so that we can protect our environment for future generations. b) Where can you buy organic food in the place where you live? How much does it cost? Is the choice big? Discuss with the class.

10. a) Read the text and complete the sentence. This text is about.................................................................................

To have a balanced healthy way of life is very important for every person. Here are some tips to follow if you want to be healthy. 1. Daily regime with enough of sleeping hours, regular meals, proper time for work and relaxing. 2. Healthy meals. A well-balanced diet will bring your body ex­ actly what it needs. There should be a balance between the pleasure from your favourite meals and their usefulness for your body. 3. Getting rid of bad habits including oversleeping and overeating. Your mind and body should master your habits, not vice versa. 4. Keeping fit will help you to be in good shape and feel more en­ ergetic after work. Good variants are morning exercises, gym, swimming pool, jogging, aerobics, yoga, fitness training. 5. Good mood. Positive mood is not just good emotions, it’s very powerful healing energy for your mind, body and soul. Following a healthy way of life makes you more energetic, active, gives you new emotions and changes to the best all aspects of your living. b) What advice does the text give? Write in your notebook: You should have a regime. You should sleep ... You should...

b) Answer the questions.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Which of these tips can bring the most benefit for you? Which of these tips do you already follow? Are there other aspects of making your life healthier? What is your idea of a healthy life style?

58

Everyday English in Focus

11. a) Read the mini-dialogue in pairs. A: Where’s Tony this evening? B: He’s not feeling very well. A: Really? What’s the trouble? В: He’s gone down with the cold. A: Tell him I hope he soon feels better. B: That’s very kind of you. He’ll be pleased to hear you asked after him. b) Read and translate the following sentences. What lines of the mini-dialogue can they replace?

I haven’t seen Tony lately. How’s he? He’s been off work for a day or two. He hasn’t been too well recently. What’s wrong with him? I’m sorry to hear that. What’s the matter? Oh dear! What’s up with him? I think he must have eaten something. I think he’s been overworking. Give him my regards. I hope he soon gets over it. Let me know if there’s anything I can do. Thank you very much. I’ll pass it on. c) Work in pairs. Make up your own mini-dialogues, then role­ play them in front of the class.

12. Read the following telephone conversation in pairs. Act it out. Nurse: Health Helpline, how can I help? Patient: Yeah, I’m not feeling very well. I wonder if you might be able to help me... Nurse: OK, sure. I’ll just need to ask you some questions... Now, what are your symptoms exactly? Patient: Well, I’m just not feeling too good, in general... My stom­ ach is a bit, you know... I’ve got a pain in my stomach.

Topic 8. Health and Healthy Lifestyle

59

Nurse: Right. Have you got a temperature, do you know? Patient: I don’t think so... I haven’t checked... I haven’t got a thermometer. Nurse: Any headache or anything like that? Patient: No, not really. Nurse: Right, are you taking any medicine at the moment? Patient: No, nothing, no. Nurse: Right. And do you have any allergies? Patient: No. Nurse: When did you last have something to eat or drink? Patient: Lunchtime. I had a burger for my lunch... well, a couple, actually... three, in fact. And French fries, large fries... and a couple of milkshakes. Nurse: I see. Patient: And an ice cream dessert... two of those, in fact. Nurse: Yes. Patient: And a large Cola... two large Colas. Nurse: Right. Well, it sounds like you’ve eaten rather a lot, haven’t you? Patient: Hmm, yes, I suppose so. Nurse: The best thing you can do is just have a lie down for a couple of hours. And if you have any further trouble, just give us a ring. Patient: Yeah, maybe you’re right...

ROUND-UP

/.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1) Осенью и ранней весной очень легко заболеть гриппом или простудиться. 2) Когда моя сестра была маленькая, ей всегда становилось плохо во время полета на самолете. 3) Что случилось? — Кажется, я сломал палец. Он очень бо­ лит. 4) Что мне нужно делать, если я простудился? — Оставайся дома, пей много горячего чая, принимай таблетки. Тебе на­ до побольше отдыхать.

60

Everyday English in Focus

5) Я думаю, что очень важно вести здоровый образ жизни. Что это значит? Это значит держать себя в форме, питаться здоровой пищей и быть в хорошем настроении. 2.

Imagine you have one of these health problems. Think why/ when/ how you could get it Ask your partner to give you some advice. Make notes.

-

You’ve got a flu. You’ve hurt your back. You feel sick on car journeys. You always feel nervous and stressed. You’ve got a stomachache.

Use these phrases to help you: It hurts a lot. I feel sick. You need to take medicine/ pills. You should take ... You need to rest.

3.

Prepare a dialogue and learn it by heart Present it to your group mates.

4.

Write your own list of tips for a healthy lifestyle. TOPIC VOCABULARY

Health problems have a flu have a headache/ earache/ stom­ achache/ toothache/ backache break an arm/ a leg have/ catch a cold have a sore throat have a pain in the chest feel sick have a food poisoning have an illness have an injury

have a high temperature/ a fever have a high/ low blood pressure be unconscious oversleep/ overeat hurt one’s back feel nervous/ stressed hurt a bruise a bum a cut have symptoms

Topic 8. Health and Healthy Lifestyle

61

Additional vocabulary

Food

healthy lifestyle get into a fight scratch healthy/ unhealthy food follow tips regime regular meals relax get rid of... bad habits vice versa keep fit be in good shape feel energetic go jogging heal bring benefit for ... call an ambulance take medicine contain ... consist of... wrap serve

fatty/ sugary/ spicy/ salty food local/ staple/ organic/ takeaway/ fast/junk food dish cuisine pickled delicacy speciality/ specialty a well-balanced/ low-fat diet recipe curry order fibre rich in vitamins cereal raw fish boiled rice a bowl of... noodles

TOPIC 9

GREAT BRITAIN

7. Work in small groups. What associations with Great Britain do you have? Write them down, then compare with your group mates.

2. Work as a whole class on the ABC of Great Britain.

Example: A - Abbey Road В - Baker Street C - Cambridge

3. How much do you know about the British royal family? Answer these questions. 1) What is the family name of the present royal family? A Stuart В Windsor C Tudor 2) When did Queen Elizabeth II become queen? A 1945 В 1952 C 1960

3) Who was her father? A George VI В Henry VIII

C Prince Philip

4) Which of these places is NOT used as a royal home? A Buckingham Palace В Balmoral C the Houses of Par­ liament

5) What are the Queen’s favourite animals? A birds В cats C dogs 4. Put the words and word combinations from the box into the correct groups.

constitution politician party Westminster Abbey law state monarch the House of Lords Trafalgar Square parliament

63

Topic 9. Great Britain

Windsor

MP Big Ben the Thames the House of Commons king

throne power Hyde Park the Prime Minister queen Buckingham Palace royal

Government: Monarchy: London: 5. a) Read the text and answer the questions. Britain — The Right Names

Britain — or Great Britain (GB) — is the name for England, Wales and Scotland. Britain is the eighth largest island in the world. The Brit­ ish Isles is the name for England, Scotland, Wales, both parts of Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The United Kingdom (UK) is England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The British govern­ ment is the government of the UK. People who live in Britain are called British. Many people think that ‘English’ is the same as ‘British’. But England is only one of the four nations in the UK. The Scots, Welsh and Northern Irish are British too. They sometimes get angry when they are called ‘English’. There are also millions of British people whose parents first came to Britain in the 1950s and 1960s from the Caribbean, India, Pakistan, Hong Kong and other places. Their homes are mainly in the big English cities like London, Birmingham and Manchester.

1. What does the name Great Britain refer to? 2. What does Great Britain include? 3. What does the political term the United Kingdom mean?

b) Which of these people are British: an Englishman, a citizen of the Irish Republic, a Scot, a Welshman? c) Which of these capital cities are the capitals of independent states: Edinburgh, Belfast, London, Dublin, Cardiff? 6. Read the two texts and answer the questions.

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Climate

Great Britain enjoys humid and mild marine climate with warm winters and cool summers and a lot of rain throughout the year. The winds blow from the south-west. As these winds blow from the ocean, they are mild in winter and cool in summer. All parts of the British Isles receive rain at any time of the year. Still autumn and winter are the wettest seasons. As to temperature, Great Britain has warmer winters than any other district in the same latitude. It is due to mild south-west winds. Another factor is the Gulf Stream, which flows from the Gulf of Mexico and brings much warmth from the equatorial regions to north-western Eu­ rope. Weather

Here are some facts about the weather in Britain. > The climate is temperate, neither very hot in summer (average temperature 15 centigrade) nor very cold in winter (average temperature 5 centigrade). > The weather often changes rapidly during the day. > There is no dry season. > The west of Britain has much more rain than the east. > Britain lies in the zone of contact between tropical and polar air. This makes its weather very complex and difficult to predict. > There are at least 150 weather forecasts every week on the five main British television channels. > In winter there is often heavy snow on the hills and mountains, but little or none in the lowlands. > In summer the sunniest and warmest places in Britain are on the south coast. > In winter, the east of Britain tends to be colder than the west.

1. What is the climate like in Britain? What are the characteristic features of this climate? 2. Which are the wettest seasons in Britain? 3. Why does Great Britain have warmer winters than any other district in the same latitude? 4. Why is British weather called changeable? 5. Why is it difficult to predict the weather in Britain? 6. Where is there heavy snow in winter?

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Topic 9. Great Britain

7. What part of Britain gets more sunshine in summer? 8. Where is it warmer in winter in Britain, in the east or in the west? 7.

a) Read and translate the text. The Monarchy

Britain is a constitutional monarchy. This means that the monarch, at the moment Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State. The Queen is also head of the judiciary (all the judges) and of the Church of England, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Her face is on all British bank notes, coins and postage stamps. The Queen’s constitutional role, however, is mainly symbolic. True power lies in the hands of the Prime Minister and his or her Cabi­ net. It is the Queen who formally opens Parliament every autumn, but the speech she makes from the throne, giving details of the govern­ ment’s future plans, is written for her by politicians. It is the Queen who officially appoints the Prime Minister, but traditionally she always asks the leader of the party with a majority in the House of Commons. b) Answer the questions. 1. Who is the Head of State in Britain? 2. What are the Queen’s duties? 3. Who does real power in Britain belong to? 8.

a) Read the text and complete the sentence. This text is about..............................................................................

The British Parliament has two houses, or chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is the most powerful and decides national policy, but the House of Lords can ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a bill before it be­ comes a new law. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament, MPs. Each MP is elected by voters in one constituency (region). There are 651 MPs, or seats, in the House of Commons. The 1234 members of the House of Lords are not elected. Some are life peers: they are members of the House of Lords, but their sons or daughters cannot be members.

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Life peers are usually former members of the House of Commons. There are also a number of judges or bishops. The majority, however, are hereditary peers, the heads of aristocratic families. This means that most members of the House of Lords are there because of something their ancestors did. The head of both Houses of Parliament is the Queen, but she has very little power. The party with most MPs forms the government. The leader of the winning party automatically becomes the Prime Minister and appoints the Cabinet. The members of the Cabinet are the leading government ministers. The Prime Minister is the most important person in Parlia­ ment. The party who comes second is the Opposition and forms its own Shadow Cabinet. British Prime Ministers have lived at 10 Downing Street since 1731.

b) Answer the questions. 1. How many chambers are there in the British Parliament and how are they called? 2. How many members of Parliament are there in the House of Commons? 3. Who can be members of the House of Lords? 4. Who forms the government? 5. Who becomes the Prime Minister? 6. Who are the members of the Cabinet?

c) Retell the text using the words in hold type. 9.

a) Read and translate the text. The Royal Family

For more than a thousand years Britain has always had kings or queens except for the ten years between 1649 and 1659. In the past, kings had great power and they really helped to make history. They started wars, made laws, and did things in their own way. But gradually more and more power went to Parliament. What does the Queen do now? Why does Britain need monarchy? And docs it? Elizabeth II calls the Windsor family a ‘Firm’. She thinks of it as a business rather than a family. And the main business of the royal family is ... well, probably being royal. And they are paid for it. The Queen is

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67

one of the richest women in the world and yet she gets about 8 million pounds a year to be Queen. But many people agree that she does her job well and she deserves her salary. Being Queen is a really busy job. Elizabeth II gets up early and be­ gins the day by looking through the newspapers. Then she reads letters from the public (she gets more than 1000 each week), and tells her staff how she would like them to be answered. The Queen has daily meetings with her Private Secretary who helps her to go through her paperwork, and lots of meetings with ambassadors, new judges, and bishops. In the afternoon Elizabeth II often goes out on public engagements - she gets thousands of invitations each year. She opens new hospitals, bridges and factories. Once a week, the Queen has a meeting with the Prime Minister and they discuss government business and important things that are happen­ ing in the country. In the evening the Queen reads the report of the day from Parlia­ ment. She isn’t a politician, and in modem Britain the power belongs to the government, but she must agree to every new law. It’s a formal agreement: no king or queen has refused a new law since 1701! Being a Queen is not a 9 to 5 job, and Elizabeth II has to work from early in the morning until late at night. And people watch her all the time. Of course, she has some free time, and some private life, but less than most people. In her spare time Elizabeth II enjoys horse racing, fishing, and walking in the countryside. She also enjoys photography and likes tak­ ing photos on her travels. Many people think that the Royals are useless and monarchy is outdated. But... the British people seem to like them that way. They like to read about the royal family, royal scandals and shocking secrets. They like to watch royal ceremonies, they are proud of the tradition of monarchy. Britain has had kings and queens for a thousand years probably they’ll have them for another thousand. Write an outline of the text made of Wh- questions (When? Where? Who? Why?) Use the outline to retell the text. c) Choose one of the members of the Royal Family and make a report.

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10. a) Read the text and make up headings to the paragraphs. London

London is the capital of Great Britain. London is more than two thousand and five hundred years old. More than eight million people live there. The river Thames divides London into two parts. There are three main parts in London: the City, the West End and the East End. The City is a very small part of London but it is known as the heart of business and financial life of the country. St. Paul’s Cathedral, which was built by Sir Christopher Wren in the 17th century, is situated in the City. It was destroyed during World War II and then restored. Trafalgar Square is in the centre of London. It is the finest place in the city. It is the place of meetings and demonstrations. Nelson’s col­ umn is in the centre of the Square. This column was built in memory of Admiral Nelson. He destroyed the French fleet in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805 and became a national English hero.

The West End is the richest part of the capital. Large museums and art galleries, most theatres and cinemas are to be found here. The fa­ mous Hyde Park is also situated in the West End. Here one can see Westminster Abbey where all British kings and queens are crowned. Many great Englishmen, Newton, Darwin, Dickens and others, are bur­ ied there. To the west of Westminster Abbey there is Buckingham Palace, the residence of the English Queen. Some guardians stand on guard in front of the Palace. It is very interesting to see the Changing of the Guard. It is a tradition. Not far from the Abbey you can also see the Houses of Parliament with the famous Big Ben and a huge clock. Everybody knows the Brit­ ish Museum with its finest collection of books from all over the world. The Tower of London is on the Thames. Since the 11th century it was a royal palace and a fortress. It has played an important role in the English history. For many years English kings and queens lived there. Then it became a prison. Now it is a museum. The famous collection of jewels is kept here. Every night at 9.53 pm the chief warder locks up the

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Tower. This is known as the Ceremony of the Keys and it has been tak­ ing place almost without any break for 700 years. A number of ravens have their home at the tower. They are on guard here.

The East End used to be the poorest part of London. Now it is home to small industries, blocks of flats and many houses. It has be­ come a desirable place for business. On Sundays most Londoners do not work. Some people spend their weekend at home, some go to Hyde Park, where they can lie on the grass, ride on horseback or listen to speakers at the Speakers’ Comer. There is so much to see in London that even Londoners can always find new sights. They like to say, “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life”.

b) Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Where is London situated? What are the main parts of London? What is the financial and business center of the country? What places of interest can be found in the West End? Where is the residence of the English Queen? What are the Houses of Parliament famous for? What is the role of the Tower of London in the English history? Where do most Londoners prefer to spend their weekend? What is the East End?

c) Write sentences using the following words and word combina­ tions: the Thames the West End Trafalgar Square St Paul’s Cathedral Westminster Abbey the British Museum

the City the East End

Buckingham Palace Hyde Park the Houses of Parliament the Tower of London

J) Use the Internet to find out information about other famous sights of London. Choose one of them and prepare a report

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ROUND-UP

1.

Translate the sentences front Russian into English.

1) Сердце Лондона — это Сити, его финансовый и деловой центр. В Сити находятся несколько известных старинных зданий. Возможно, самое замечательное из них — это со­ бор Святого Павла, самая крупная из английских церквей. Она была построена в 17 веке Кристофером Реном. 2) Через дорогу от Вестминстерского аббатства находится Вестминстерский дворец, место заседания Британского Парламента. Башня с часами на здании Парламента извест­ на своим большим колоколом, называемым «Биг Бен». 3) Вест-Энд самая богатая и красивая часть Лондона. Это символ богатства и роскоши. Здесь находятся наилучшие гостиницы, магазины, рестораны, клубы и театры. 4) Трафальгарская площадь — географический центр Лондо­ на. Она была названа в память о победе адмирала Нельсона в Трафальгарской битве в 1805 г. Высокая колонна Нельсо­ на стоит в центре площади. 5) Великобритания — конституционная монархия. Это озна­ чает, что управление страной осуществляется монархом, но реальная власть - у правительства, состоящего из палаты общин и палаты лордов. 2.

What else do you want to know about Great Britain? Make up 7 questions that you would like to ask the British people.

3.

Britain is a multicultural society, so the British government wants to create a new holiday, Britain Day. They say that the hol­ iday would celebrate the contribution every nation gives to the British society. Read what these people think.

"People in Scotland think they’re Scottish, not British, so what’s the point? ”

“It's a great way to bring people together, to celebrate what we have in common. ”

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Topic 9. Great Britain

"Any celebration ofBritishness would need to include all our other identities. I'm a Londoner, a Muslim, and I have Bangladeshi roots. ” 4.

Choose one of the statements from Exercise 3 and discuss it in pairs.

TOPIC VOCABULARY

Proper names

the British Isles the United Kingdom Northern Ireland/ Scotland/ Wales/ England British/Northem Irish/ Scottish/ Welsh/ English the Republic of Ireland Edinburgh/ Belfast/ Cardiff/ London Dublin the Union Jack the Cabinet Westminster Abbey the Houses of Parliament the House of Lords the House of Commons

Trafalgar Square Windsor MP Big Ben Hyde Park the Thames Prime Minister Buckingham Palace Downing Street the City the West End the East End St Paul’s Cathedral Nelson’s column the Tower of London the Speakers’ Comer

Additional vocabulary

constitution politician party bill law state monarch/ monarchy

throne have power royal government elect vote life peer/ hereditary peer

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judge bishop aristocratic family appoint majority/ minority chamber national policy temperate climate change rapidly dry/ wet predict/ forecast weather hills/ mountains/ lowlands on the south coast

go through paperwork ambassador public engagement private life outdated ceremony bury/ be buried residence fortress prison raven on guard industry

TOPIC 10

HOLIDAY

1. What do you do on holiday? Talk with a partner.

eat in restaurants play sports stay on a campsite go for walks read books swim in the sea go shopping lie on the beach try local food go to cafes stay in a hotel visit museums make new friends 2. Put the words and word combinations in the correct groups. Add more words to each group. family room chalet mountain biking scuba diving wind-surfing sea view hiking trip painting class kids’ club concert museum visit satellite TV dance show double room

Accommodation: Sports and activities: Entertainment: 3. What type of holiday is described?

- Everything was included, meals, hotels, flights. -We were on the same coach for seven days. I was very tired. - We walked about 20 kilometres every day. - It wasn’t very good. There wasn’t much snow. 4. Which type of holiday is best for you? Why? Where would you stay? What would you take with you? What can you do on a holi­ day like this? sightseeing holiday beach holiday camping holiday skiing holiday

package holiday walking holiday coach tour city break

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5. a) Read the text and answer the questions. Paul’s holiday

Last year, we booked a holiday on the island of Tioman, in Malay­ sia. Tioman is quite a small island (it’s only 6 miles wide), just off the east coast of Malaysia. It has some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, and it is a great place for relaxing and getting away from it all. Tioman is also a paradise for divers. The water is clear to a depth of over 30 metres and it is filled with all kinds of beautiful fish, coral, and other marine life. The colours are amazing. Apart from swimming and lazing around on the beach, there are lots of other things to see and do. We went hiking in the mountains, and we saw monkeys, flying fox­ es, and even a big snake. Our accommodation wasn’t very expensive, and you can stay in a hotel for as little as $30 a night. For me the best thing on the holiday was sitting outside our beach hut in the evening, looking up at the stars. It really was an unforgettable experience.

Where did Paul book a holiday? Why is a small island a good place for a holiday? Why is Tioman a paradise for divers? What can one do there apart from swimming and lazing around on the beach? 5. What kind of accommodation did Paul have? 6. What was the best thing for him on the holiday?

1. 2. 3. 4.

b) Use the following words and word combinations in your own sentences about a holiday. book a holiday/ a room/ a flight get away from it all paradise laze around unforgettable experience

6. a) Discuss the following questions with a partner.

1) Have you ever gone camping? If so, where did you go? If not, would you like to go?

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2) Do you like to go sightseeing when you are on holiday? Why (not)? What sights can you recommend to see in your town? 3) What does a working holiday mean? Would you like to go on a working holiday? 4) Where would you like to go for your next holiday? b) Read and translate the text. Elein’s holidays

I’ve had all sorts of holidays in the last few years. My favourite was last year when we went camping in Yosemite National Park in Califor­ nia. The campsite was near a river, and we did a lot of hiking to see the beautiful waterfalls. Two years ago, I went to New York with my parents. We stayed in a really good hotel, and enjoyed all the restaurants and nightlife. We did a lot of sightseeing - we went to the Empire State Building, Ellis Island, and visited some interesting museums. The best part was seeing a Broadway musical! This summer, I’m having a working holiday in a mountain resort. The resort is right next to a lake. I’ll be working in one of the restau­ rants in the evenings, and in my time off I’ll be able to go hiking and try some watersports. After I finish college, I would like to go back-packing around South-East Asia, and probably Australia and New Zealand as well. My brother did that four years ago and had a really good time. c) Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Where did Elein go camping? Where did she spend her holidays two years ago? What did she enjoy in New York? What kind of holiday is she having this summer? Where would she like to go after she finishes studies?

d) Write a similar text about your holidays in the last few years. Use the underlined words and word combinations from the text. 7. a) Read the mini-dialogues in pairs.

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At a hotel

A: Have you got a single room for two nights? B: Yes, but only on the top floor. A: What price is it? B: 34 pounds with service and TV. A: Fair enough. Can you show me the room, please? B: Of course. Would you like to follow me? Finding a room

A: I believe you take in foreign students. B: Yes, if you don’t mind sharing. A: How much is it? B: 39 pounds per week including heating. A: Could I have a look at the room, please? B: Come in by all means, but it’s in a terrible mess.

h) Read and translate the following sentences. What lines of the mini-dialogues can they replace? At a hotel

Finding a room

- Can I book a double room from now until Friday? - Have you got a twin-bedded room for one night? - Yes, I can offer you Room 24 on the first floor. - You can have Room 33, over­ looking the sea. - How much is it? - What’s the price? - What does it cost? - 25 pounds a night excluding service. - Can I see it, please? - Can I have a look at it, please?

- A friend told me I might find some accommodation here. - I wonder if you can help me I’m looking for a room. - Yes, I’ve got a spare single. - Yes, I’ll have a room free after the weekend. - What’s the price of the room? - 37 pounds for bed and break­ fast. - Do you mind if I come in? - Would it be convenient to see the room? - We’re having it decorated at the moment. Will Friday do?

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Topic 10. Holiday

- Can you show me something a little cheaper? - Certainly. Would you take a seat for a moment? - Yes, of course. Come this way.

- Can you call back later? We’re right in the middle of lunch.

c) Work in pairs. Make up your own mini-dialogues, then role­ play them in front of the class. FILLING OUT FORMS

1. The following are typical expressions found in different forms. Match expressions and questions.

First name Surname

Are you married or single? What do you do in your free time?

Date of Birth

What’s your phone number?

Place of Birth What’s your first name?

Permanent Address

What do you do? Marital Status Where were you bom?

Occupation

What’s your family name? Qualifications What degrees, diplomas, certifi­ cates, etc. do you have?

Hobbies/ Interests Where do you live?

Tel. no.

When were you bom? 2. Work with a partner. Ask the questions from Exercise 1 andfill out a form about your partner.

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3. Do the following in your notebook. a. Write your name in capital letters. b. Write your signature. c. Write your zip code.

4. Fill out the following form.

MARINA HOTEL

Registration form

Surname..................... ....................... First name(s)................................. Nationality .................

Passport number....... ....................... Date and place of issue.................

Address

Date of arrival............ ......................... Date of departure............................

Signature....................

ROUND-UP

1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1) Каждый год мы с другом едем куда-нибудь на юг на кани­ кулы. В прошлом году, например, мы съездили на Черное море. Там довольно дешевое проживание и неплохой сер­ вис. 2) Мы хотим снять комнату или даже дом на пару недель. Иногда мы можем размещаться в палатке на берегу моря, чтобы наслаждаться свежим воздухом и солнцем целый день. 3) Как правило, на отдыхе я знакомлюсь с новыми друзьями. Днем мы играем в волейбол, теннис, плаваем и загораем.

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79

Вечером мы идем в ресторан и пробуем разные блюда ме­ стной кухни (cuisine). 4) Моя мечта - поехать на сафари в Африку. В Кении есть ог­ ромный природный заповедник, где организуются экскур­ сии для туристов. Я думаю, это будет самое незабываемое приключение. 5) Сейчас очень популярно ездить на выходные в какойнибудь европейский город. В Европе очень легко найти не­ дорогой отель за 40-50 евро за ночь. Такая поездка - заме­ чательная возможность отвлечься.

2. Work in small groups. Discuss the following questions. Report to the whole class. • How do you usually arrange a holiday? • What do you like to do on a holiday? • What countries have you been to? • What was the best/worst holiday in your life? Why? • What is an ideal place for a holiday for you? 3. Write an essay entitled “My Ideal Holiday”.

TOPIC VOCABULARY

Types of holidays

Preparation

sightseeing holiday package holiday beach holiday walking holiday camping holiday coach tour skiing holiday city break working holiday

accommodation book a holiday/ a room/ a flight family room/ double room/ room with a sea view chalet arrange a trip all-inclusive expensive/cheap/reasonably priced stay in a hotel $50 a night/ a week

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On holiday eat in restaurants stay on a campsite go for walks swim in the sea go shopping lie/ laze around on the beach try local food go to cafes stay in a hotel make new friends go mountain biking/ scuba diving/ wind-surfing have a hiking trip visit a painting class go to a concert/ dance show entertainment get away from it all paradise unforgettable experience go back-packing do watersports visit museums/ galleries go sightseeing/ do the sights enjoy nightlife

Additional vocabulary

holiday-maker travel on a budget adventure rent a cottage go on a cruise take a safari trip learning holiday shopping tour sunbathe

TOPIC 11

TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL

1. Discuss in small groups. Complete the sentences about yourself and your group mates.

How do you get around your town/ city? Do you get to university by car, by bus, by train, by under­ ground or on foot? / usually get around my town by ... because .... I don’t like .... because .... 2. Put the words from the box into the correct groups. Add more words to each group. airport car drive flight garage park passenger plane platform station ticket traffic train rush hour

AIR: RAIL: ROAD: 3. Ride, drive, go by or take? Write the correct word(s) in the sen­ tence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Can you........... a motorbike? He works for a railway company. He............a train. She sometimes........... the underground to work. He goes away from home a lot. He............a lorry. I prefer to........... a bus than............. a car. Would you like to........... an elephant? You never forget how to........... a bicycle. I usually........... a taxi when it rains.

4. Complete the word combinations with means of transport. get on/ off................

get into/ out of................

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catch................ take................

miss................ ride................

5. Fill in the gaps in each question. Then ask and answer the ques­ tions with a partner.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Do you ever go to university........... bicycle? Do you like............a bicycle in cities? Why/ why not? Have you ever got........... a train without a ticket? When did you last........... a taxi? Have you ever got........... a moving train or bus? Have you ever........... a plane?

6. a) Read and translate the mini-texts. Different ways of travelling from one place to another The bus passenger

I always take the bus to work. There’s a stop right outside my house, and the buses are very frequent in the rush hour. Usually there’s one every 5 minutes. Most days I can get a seat and read a book or newspaper. Sometimes I see someone I know on the bus, and we have a chat. One thing I don’t like is all the litter. Some people just leave their food all over the floor or on the seats. Another thing is people listening to personal stereos. The noise they make can be really annoying when they have it on very loud. The cyclist

I use my bike because it’s the quickest way to get from A to В in the rush hour. All the cars are stuck in traffic jams, and you can go straight past them. My journey to work usually takes about 20 minutes door-to-door. It’s a good way of getting your daily exercise. The thing I don’t like about cycling is all the pollution. I don’t like breathing in ex­ haust fumes from cars and buses. It can also be rather dangerous, and you need to watch out for people opening car doors or coming out of junctions without looking. The car driver

I normally go to work by car. I’d say my average journey time is about 50 minutes. When I’m in my car it’s very comfortable, like being in my own living room. I can turn on the stereo system and listen to my

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83

favourite CDs or listen to the car radio. There are some things though I don’t like about driving. The traffic keeps getting worse, and other driv­ ers sometimes behave very badly. I know I should use my car less be­ cause it is bad for the environment, but it is much more convenient than public transport. The train passenger

I generally take the train to work. It’s quick and convenient, and I can be in my office in about 35 minutes. In winter the service can be ra­ ther erratic, and I sometimes find myself waiting on the platform at the station in freezing cold weather, wishing I was in a nice warm car. The other thing I don’t like is people in my carriage with mobile phones, who talk loudly and say thing like “I’m on the train”. The good thing about taking the train is that someone else does all the driving, and I can just relax and read my newspaper. Travelling by plane

Last week we flew to London. We took the bus to JFK airport. When we arrived at the terminal we went to the check-in desk for our flight. We showed our passports at passport control, and then went through security. We had to wait for a while in the departure lounge. When our flight was called, we went through the departure gate, and got on our plane. After the plane had landed at Heathrow, we went to the baggage reclaim to collect our bags, then went through immigration and customs, and out into the arrivals area.

b) Which of these words and word combinations relate to travel­ ling by car? By bike? By bus? By train? By plane? Make up your own sentences. exhaust fumes get a seat be stuck in traffic gate pollution carriage stop baggage reclaim terminal traffic jam get exer­ cise check-in desk departure lounge platform arrivals junc­ tion go through the customs

c) Answer the following questions about travelling. • What is the difference between a one-way ticket and a return ticket! • What does a customs officer do?

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• Where do passengers proceed after the flight is called? • When do you show a boarding card? • Why would you hire a car?