Encyclopaedia Britannica [1, 6 ed.]

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ABE
ABR
ABY
ABY
ABY
ACC
ACO
ACO
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ADU
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AET
AFR
AGE
AGR
AGR
AGR
AGR
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ALB
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AMA
AMB

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ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.

KrvrrcLOP.niMA

BKITAWWICA

Cncpclopaetita Bntaimtca: OR, A

DICTIONARY OF

ARTS, SCIENCES, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE; ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. THE SIXTH EDITION.

SUustratxti imtf) nearly stjt* JuntireU Cngrabmgs^

VOL. i.

INDOCTI DISCANT; AMENT MEMINISSE PERITI.

EDINBURGH: PRINTED FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND COMPANY; AND HURST, ROBINSON, AND COMPANY, LONDON.

1823.

90,

CHEAPSIDE,

PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION.

importance of a work so constructed as to exhibit a comprehensive and accurate view of every branch and portion of human knowledge, and human an, must be too apparent to require any illustration. Such is the intention of the ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA; and the publication of>e extensive editions oi a work devoted to such objects, at once affords a proof of its eminent utility and of the favourable opinion of the public as to the ability with which it has been executed. Tnc great superiority of the plan of this work has contributed in no small degree both to its usefulness and popularity. A very few words will serve to exp am the principles, and to evince the pre-eminence of the method which its compilers have pursued in treating the various branches of the arts and sciences. aI1 former attempts, the alphabet, in place of being employed in the hume unction or an index to the matter contained in the work, was made supreme ai-biter of the whole arrangement; and the different sciences, insteadof being made the subjects of distinct and connected discussion, were cut down into detac icd parts, out of which no general view of any one science or art could possibly 6 ormcd - In tllls Vlew> the alphabet, far from conducing to clearness, became an instrument of disorder; and its only use appeared to be, to save the trouble of a more commodious or philosophical arrangement. These obvious defects in all ic most popular Dictionaries of arts and sciences were clearly observed by Mr Chambers, himself the compiler of a well-known work of this kind; and, in spebe ABBE', in a monastic sense, the same with ABBOT. jj ABBE', in a modern sense, the denomination of a Abbey, class of persons which has been popular in France. — Yhey were not in orders 5 but having received the ceremony of tonsure, were entitled to enjoy certain privileges in the church. The dress of abbes was that of academics or professed scholars. In colleges they were the instructors of youth, and were employed as tutors in private families. Many of them have risen to a distinguished rank in the state, while others have been no less eminent in science and literature. ABBESS, the superior of an abbey or convent of nnns. The abbess has the same rights and authority over her nuns that the abbots regular have over their monks. The sex indeed does not allow her to perform the spiritual functions annexed to the priesthood, with which the abbot is usually investedj but there are instances of some abbesses who have a right, or rather a privilege, to commission a priest to act for them. They have even a kind of episcopal jurisdiction, as well as some abbots who are exempted from the visitation of their diocesans. Martene, in his treatise on the rights of the church, observes, that some abbesses have formerly confessed their nuns. But he adds, that their excessive curiosity carried them such lengths, that there arose a necessity of checking it. However, St Basil, in his Rule, allows the abbess to be present with the priest at the confession of her nuns. ABBEVILLE, a considerable city of France, in the department of the Somme. The river Somme divides it into two parts. It has a collegiate church and twelve parish churches, the most considerable of which are St George’s and St Giles’s ; and it is the seat of two tribunals. It is a fortified town ; the Avails are flanked with bastions, and surrounded by large ditches. Never having been taken, from this circumstance it is sometimes called the Maiden Town; and hence too its motto, Semper jidelis. The number of the inhabitants in ;8oo amounted to 18,052. The situation in the midst of a fertile valley is pleasant and healthy. It is famous for its woollen manufactory, established in 1665 under the auspices of Colbert. The stuffs manufactured here are said to equal in fabric and quality the finest in Europe. There is also a manufactory of fire arms, and a considerable trade in grain, lint, and hemp. It is about 11 miles east of the British channel, and ships may come from thence by the river Somme to the middle of the town. E. Long. 1. 50. N. Lat. 50. 7. ABBEY, a monastery, or religious house, governed by a superior under the title of abbot or abbess. Abbeys differ only from priories, that the former are under the direction of an abbot, and the others of a prior ; for abbot and prior (we mean a prior conventual) are much the same thing, differing in little but the name. Fauchet observes, that, in the early days of the French monarchy, dukes and counts were called abbots, and duchies and counties abbeys. Even some of their kings are mentioned in history under the title of abbots. Philip I. Louis VI. and afterwards the duke of Orleans, are called abbots of the monastery of St Aignan. The dukes of Aquitain were called abbots of the monastery of St Hilary at Poicticrs} and the earls of Anjou, of St Aubin, .Sic. VOL.

I. Part L

f

9

]

ABB

Monasteries were at first established as religious hopses, to which persons retired from the bustle of the world to spend their time in solitude and devotion. But they soon degenerated from their original institution, and obtained large privileges, exemptions, and riches. They prevailed greatly in Britain before the Reformation, particularly in England ; and as they increased in riches, so the state became poor: for the lands which these regulars possessed were in mortua manu, i. e. could never revert to the lords who gave them. This inconvenience gave rise to the statutes against gifts in mortmaine, which prohibited donations to these religious houses j and Lord Coke tells us, that several lords, at their creation, had a clause in their grant, that the donor might give or sell his land to whom he would, fexceptis viris religiosis et Judceis) excepting monks and Jews. These places were wholly abolished in England at the time of the Reformation ; Henry VIII. having first appointed visitors to inquire into the lives of the monks and nuns, which were found in some places to be extremely irregular, the abbots, perceiving their dissolution unavoidable, were induced to resign their houses to the king, who by that means became invested with the abbey lands : these were afterwards granted to different persons, whote descendants enjoy them at this day : they were then valued at 2,853,000k per annum, an immease sum in those days. Though tha suppression of religious houses, even considered in a political light only, was a great national benefit, it must be owned, that at the time they flourished, they were not entirely useless. Abbeys or monasteries were then the repositories, as well as the seminaries, of learning j many valuable books and national records, as well as private history, having been preserved in their libraries, the only places in which they could have been safely lodged in those turbulent times. Many of those, which had escaped the ravages of the Hanes, were destroyed with more than Gothic barbarity at the dissolution of the abbeys. These ravages are pathetically lamented by John Bale, in his declaration upon Leland’s Journal 1549. “ Covetousness,” says he, “ was at that time so busy about private commodity, that public wealth, in that most necessary and of respect, was not anywhere regarded. A number of them which purchased these superstitious mansions, reserved of the library books, some to serve their jakes, some to scour the candlesticks, and some to rub their boots ; some they sold to the grocer and soapseller j and some they sent over sea to the ‘bookbinders, not in small numbers, but in whole ships full $ yea, the universities of this realm are not clear of so detestable a fact. I -know a merchant that bought the contents of two noble libraries for 40s. price ; a shame it is to be spoken ! This stuff hath he occupied instead of gray paper, by the space of more than these ten years, and yet he hath store enough for as many years to come. I shall judge this to be true, and utter it with heaviness, that neither the Britons under the Romans and Saxons, nor yet the English people under the Hanes and Normans, had ever such damage of their learned monuments as we have seen in our time.” -In these days every abbey had at least one person whose office it was to instruct youth ; and the historians of this country are chiefly beholden to the monks B foe

Abbey.

Abbey

t!

Abbot.

ABB [ ic for the knowledge they have of former national events. In these houses also the arts of painting, architecture, an(j printing, were cultivated. They were hospitals for for the sick and poor, and afforded entertainment to travellers at a time when there were no inns. In them the r.ohilitv and gentry who were heirs to their founders could provide for a certain number of ancient and faithful servants, by procuring them corodies, or stated allowances of meat, drink, and clothes. They were likewise an asylum for aged and indigent persons of good family. 'Flit neighbouring places were also greatly benefited by the fairs procured for them, and by their exemption from forest law«; add to which, that the monastic estates were generally let at very easy rents, the fines given at renewals included. ABBEYBOYLE, a town of Ireland, in the county of Roscommon, and province of Connaught. W. Long. 8. 32. N. Lat. 53. 54. It is remarkable for an old abbev. ABBEYHOLM, a town in Cumberland, so called from an abbey bulk there by David king of Scots. It stands on an arm of the sea. W. Long. 3. 18. N. Lat. 54- 5

1

-

ABBOT, or ABBAT, the superior of a monastery of monks erected into an abbey or priory. The name Abbot is originally Hebrew, where it signifies father. The Jews call father, in their language, Ab ; whence the Chaldeans and Syrians formed Abba ; thence the Greeks A(o*xf, which the Latins retained ; and lienee our Abbot, the French Abbi, Sic. St Mark and St Paul use the Syriac Abba in their Greek, by reason it was then commonly known in the synagogues and the primitive assemblies of the Christians 5 adding to it, bv way of interpretation, the word father, A£S

ABB

[ 12 upon various subjects j and, as already mentioned, translated part of the New Testament, with the rest of the Oxford divines, in 1611. There was another writer of the same name, who flourished somewhat later. This George Abbot wrote A Paraphrase on Job, A Vindication of the babbatfi, and A Paraphrase on the Psalms. Abbot, Robert, elder brother to the former, was born at Guildford in 1560, and completed his studies at Baliol college, Oxford. In 1582, he took Ins degree of master of arts, and soon became a celebrated preacher j and to this talent he chiefly owed his preferment. Upon the first sermon at Worcester, he was chosen lecturer in that city, and soon after rector of All-saints in the same place. John Stanhope, Bsq. happening to hear him preach at Paul’s-eross, was so pleased with him, that he immediately presented him to the rich living of Bingham in Nottinghamshire. In 1597, he took his degree of doctor in divinity : and, in the beginning of King James’s reign, was appointed chaplain in ordinary to his majesty ; who had such an opinion of him as a writer, that he ordered the doctor’s book De Antichristo to be printed, with his own commentary upon part of the Apocalypse. In 1609, he was elected master of Baliol college •, which trust he discharged with the utmost care and assiduity, by his frequent lectures to the scholars, by his continual presence at public exercises, and by promoting temperance in the society. In November 1610, he was made prebendary of Normanton in the church of Southwell; and, in 1612, his majesty appointed him regius professor of divinity at Oxford, f he fame 0 his lectures became very great; and those which he gave upon the supreme power of kings, against Bcllarmfne and Suarez, so much pleased his majesty, that when the see of Salisbury became vacant, he named him to that bishopric, and he was consecrated by his own brother at Lambeth, December 3. 1615. When he came to Salisbury, he found the cathedral falling to decay, through the avarice and negligence of the clergy belonging to it; however, he found means to draw five hundred pounds from the prebendaries, which he applied towards repairing it. Here he devoted himeelf to the duties of bis function with great diligence and assiduity, visiting his whole diocese in person, and preaching every Sunday. But his sedentary life, and close application to study, brought upon him the gravel and stone ; of which he died on the 2d of March 1618, in the 58th year of his age ; having filled the see # Heylin’s only two years and three months. Dr 1 idler *, speakHistiry of jng 0f tl,e two brothers, says, “ that George was the Presbyte- it more plausjble preacher, Robert the greatest scholar ; riant, “ George the abler statesman, Robert the deeper dip. S3 “ vine: gravity did frown in George, and smile in Ixo“ bert.” He published several pieces ; and left behind him sundry manuscripts, which Dr Corbet presented to the Bodleian library. ABBOTSBROMLEY, a town in Staffordshire. After the dissolution of the monasteries, it was given to the lord Paget; and has since been called Paget's Bromley. But it retains its old name in the king’s books, and with regard to the fairs. W. Long. I. 2. N. Lat. 52. 45. . ^ . ABBOTSBURY, a small town in Dorsetshire, in W. Long. 1. 17. N. Lat. 50. 40. The abbey near a

] ABB this town was founded by a Norman lady, about the Abbotiyear 1026. Edward the Confessor and William the l»nry Conqueror were considerable benefactors to it. Abbrevi*. ABBOTS-Langley, a village in Herts, four miles from St Alban’s, famous as the birth-place of Pope Adrian IV. ABBREVIATE of Adjudications, in Scots Law, an abstract or abridgment of a decreet of adjudication, which is recorded in a register kept for that purpose. ABBREVIATION, or Abbreviature, a contraction of a word or passage, made by dropping some of the letters, or by substituting certain marks or characters in their place. A late philosophical writer on grammar, divides the parts of speech into words which are necessary for the communication of thought, as the noun and verb, and abbreviations which are employed for the sake of dispatch. The latter, strictly speaking, are also parts of speech, because they are all useful in language, and each has a different manner of signification. Mr Tooke, however, seems to allow that rank only to the necessary words, and to consider ail others as merely substitutes of the first sort, under the title ot abbreviations. They are employed in language in three ways ; in terms, in sorts of words, and in con-* structiom Mr Locke in his Essay treats of the first class ; numerous authors have written on the last ; and for the second class of abbreviations, see Diversions oj Parley. Lawyers, physicians, &c. use many abbreviations, for the sake of expedition. But the Rabbins *are the most remarkable for this practice, so that their writings are unintelligible without the Hebrew abbreviatures. The Jewish authors and copyists do not content themselves with abbreviating words like the Greeks and Latins, by retrenching some of the letters or syllables ; they frequently take away all but the initial letters. They even take the initials of several succeeding words, join them together, and, adding vowels to them, make a sort of barbarous words, representative of all those which they have thus abridged. Thus, Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, in their abbreviature is Rambam, &c. The following Abbreviations are of most frequent occurrence in the Writings and Inscriptions of thr Romans. AB. Abdicavit. AB. AUG. M. P. XXXXI. Ab Augusta millia passuum quadraginta unum. AB. AUGUSTOB. M. P. X. Ab Augustobriga millia passuum decern. ABN. Abnepos. AB. U. C. Ab urbe conditS. A. CAMP. M. P. XI. A Camboduno millia passuum undecim. A. COMP. XIIII. A Compluto quatuor decern. A. C. P. VI. A capite, vel ad caput pedes sex. A. D. Ante diem. ADJECT. H-S. IX 00. Adjectis sestertiis novem mille, ADN. Adnepos. ADQ. Adquiescit vel adquisita pro acquisita. iED. II. ll. VIR. II. jE-dilis iterum, duum-vir iterum, iED. II. VIR. QUINQ. iEdilis duum vir quinquennalis, /ED.

ABB [ ) AbbreYift' ^:d. q. h. vm. ^Edilis quinquennalis duum-vir. tion. tEL. ^Elius, iElia. JEM. vel AIM. jEmilius, ^Emilia. A. K. Ante kalendas. A. G. Animo grato : Aulus Gellius. AG. Ager, vel Agrippa. ALA. I. Ala prima. A. MILL. XXXV. A miiliari triginta quinque, vel ad milliarla triginta quinque. A. M. XX. Ad milliare vigesimum. AN. A. V. C. Anno ab tube condita. AN. C. H. S. Anno cent, hie situs est. AN. DCLX. Anno sexcentesimo sexagesimo. AN. II. S. Annos duos semis. AN. IVL. Annos quadraginta sex. AN. N. Annos natus. ANN. LIII. H. S. E. Annorum quinquagesim. trium hie situs est. , ANN. NAT. LXVI. Annos natus sexaginta sex. ANN. PL. M. X. Annos vel annis plus minus decern. AN. ©. XVI. Anno defunctus decimosexto. AN. V. XX. Annos vixit viginti. AN. P. M. Annorum plus minus. A. XIl. Annis duodecim. AN. P. M. L. Annorum plus minus quinquaginta. A. XX. H. EST. Annorum viginti hie est. AN. P. R. C. Anno post Romam conditam. AN. V. P. M. II. Annis vixit plus minus duobus. AN. XXV. SFIP. VIII. Annorum viginti quinque stipendii, vel stioendiorum octo. k, P. M. Amico posuit monumentuiru AP. Appia, Appius. A. P. V. C. Annorum post urbem conditam. AP\ D. L. V. CONV. Apud lapidem quintum con* venerunt. A, RET. P. III. S. Ante retropedes tres semis. AR. P. Aram posuit. . ARG. P. X. Argenti pondo decem. . ARR. Arrius. A. V. B. A viro bona. A. V. C. Ab urbe conditS. B B. Balbus, Bulbius, Brutus, Belenus, Burrus. B. Beneficiario, benefieium, bonus. B. Balnea, beatus, bustum. B. pro V, bernapro verna, bixit/?ro vixit, bibopro vivo, bictor/?ro victor, biduajoro vidua. B. A. Bixit annis, bonus ager, bonus amabilis, bona aurea, bonum aureum, bonis auguriis, bonis auspiciis. B. B. Bona bona, bene bene. B. ED. Bonis deabus. B. I1. Bona fide, bona femina, bona fortuna, bene fac-1 turn. B. I. reversed thus, j. Bona femina, bona filia. B. EL Bona hereditaria, bonorum haereditas. B. I. I. Boni judicis judicium. B. L. Bona lex. B. M. P. Bene merito posuit. B. M. P. C. Bene merito ponendum curavit. B. M. S. C. Bene merito sepulcrum condidit, BN. EM. Bonorum emptores. BN. H. I. Bona hie invenies. B. RP. N. Bono reipublicaa natus. B. A. Bixit, id est} vixit annis.

3 ] ABB BIGINTI, Viginti. ... . BIXIT. BIXSIT. BISSIT. Vixit. tion 1 * 1 BIX. ANN. XXCI. M. IV. D. VII. Vixit annis ocv~~' 1 toginta unum, mensibus quatuor, diebus septem. BX. ANVS. VII. ME. VI. DI. XVII. Vixit anno, septem, menses sex, dies septem decim. G C. Caesar, Caio, Cains, censor, civitas, consul, condemn no. C. C. Carissimae conjugi, calumnia causa, consiliunr cepit. C. C. F. Caius Caii filius. C. B. Commune bonum. C. D. Comitialibus diebus. C. H. Gustos hortorum vel haeredum. C. I. C. Caius Julius Caesar. CC. VV. Clarissimi viri. CEN. Censor, centuria, centurio. CERTA. QU1NQ. ROM. CO. Certamen quinquecnale Romae conditum. CL. Claudi us. CL. V. Clarissimus vir. CH. COH. Cohors. C. M. velCk. M. Causa mortis. CN. Cneus. C. O. Civitas omnis. COH. I. vel II. Cohors prima-ue/ secunda. COS. ITER. ET. TERT. EESIG. Consul iterum et tertium designatus. COS. TER* vel QUAR. Consul tertium, tie/ quartum. GOSS. Consules. COST. CUM. LOC.H-S.oo D. Custodiam cum loco sestertiis mille quingentis. C. R. Ci vis RomanuSi CS. IP. Caesar imperator. C. V. Centum viri. D D. Decius, decimus, decuria, decurio, dedicavit, dedit, devotus, dies, divus, Deus, dii, Dominus, domus£ donum, datum, decretum, &c. D. A. Di vus Augustus. E. B. I. Diis bene juvantibus. E. B. S. Ee bonis suis. ECT. Detractum. EEVIT. Eedicavit. D. E. Eonum dedit, datis, datio, Ecus dedit. E. E. E. Eono dederunt, vel datum decreto decurio-' num. E. E. E. D. Eignum Eeo donum dedicavit. EEPP. Deposit!. D. E. Q. O. H. L. S. E. V. Eiis deabusque omniba** hunc locum sacrum esse voluit. • DIG. M. Dignus memoria. E. M. S. Eiis manibus sacrum. E. O. M. Deo optimo maximo. . J E. O. JE. Deo optimo aeterno. . E. PP. Eeo perpetuo. ER. Erusus. ER. P. Dare promittit. E. RM. Ee Romanis. D. RP. De republica. E. S. P. F. C. Ee sua pecunia faeiundum curavit. ET. Euntaxat. EVL. vel EOL. Eulcissimus. EEC,

ABB [ u DEC.*XIII.AVG.XII.POF.XI. Decurionibus denarils tredecim, augustallbusduodecim, populo undeeim. D. 11II. ID. Die quarts ulus. D. VIIII. Diebus novem. D V. ID. Die quinta idus. E E. Ejus, ergo, esse, est, erexit, exactum, &g. E. C.^-F. Ejus causa fecit. E. D. Ej us domus. ED. Edictum. E. E. Ex edicto. EE. N. P. Esse non potest. EG. Egit, egregius. E. H. Ejus haeres. EID. Idus. EIM. Ejusmodi. E. L. Ea lege. E. M. Elexit vel erexit monumentum. EQ. M. Equitura magister. EQ. O. Equester ordo. EX. A. D. K. Ex ante diem kalendas. EX. A. D. V. K. DEC. AD. PR ID. K. IAN. Ex ante diem quinto kalendas Decembris ad pridie kalendas Januarias. EX. H-S.X.P.F.I.Exsestertiisdecem parvis fieri jussit. EX. H S. Cl ON. Ex sestertiis mille nummurn. EX. H-S. oo oo oo oo Ex sestertiis quatuor millia. EX. H-S. N. CC. L. oo D. XL. Ex sestertiis nwmmorum ducentis quinquaginta millibus, quingentis quadraginta. # EX. H-S. DC. oo D. XX. Ex sestertiis sexcentis millibus quingentis viginti. EX. KAL. IAN. AD. KAL * IAN. Ex kalendis Januarii ad kalendas Januarii. F F. Fabius, fecit, factum, faciendum, familia, famula, fastus, Februarius, feliciter, felix, fides, fieri, fit, fo mina, filia, filius, frater, finis, flamen, forum, fluvius, faustum, fuit. F. A. Filio amantissimo vel filise amantissimae. F. AN. X. F. C. Filio vel filiae annorum decern faciundum curavit. F. C. Fieri vel faciendum curavit, fidei commissum. F. D. Flamen Dialis, filius dedit, factum dedicavit. F. D. Fide jussor, fundum. FEA. Femina. FE. C. Ferme centum. FF. Fabre factum, filius familias, fratris filius. F. F. F. Ferro, flamma, fame, fortior, fortuna, fato. FF. Fecerunt. FL. F. Flavii filius. F. FQ. Filiis filiabusque. FIX. ANN. XXXIX. M. I. D. VI. HOR. SCIT. NEM. Vixit annos triginta novem, mensem unum, dies sex, boras scit nemo. IO. FR. Forum. F. R. Forum Romanum. G G. Gellius, Gains pro Caius, genius, gens, gaudium, gesta, gratia, gratis, &c. GAB, Gabinius. GAL. Gallus, Gallerius. G. C. Genio civitatis. GEN. P. R. Genio populi Romani. GL. Gloria.

] ABB GL. GN. Gneusjoro Cneus, genius, gens. GNT. Gentes. GRA. Gracchus. GRC. Grascus. H H. Hie, habet, hastatus, basres, homo, bora, hostis, berus. H. A. Hoc anno. HA. Hadrianus. HC. Dune, huic, bic. HER. Flseres, hereditatis, Ilerennius. HER. vel HERC. S. Herculi sacrum. H. M. E. H S. CCIOO. CCIOO. 133. M. N. Hoc monumenlum erexit sestertiis viginti quinque mille nummum. H. M. AD. H. N. T. Hoc monumentum ad hseredes non transit. H. O. Hostis occisus, HOSS. Hostes. H. S. Hie situs vel sita, sepultus vel sepulta. H-S. N. IllI. Sestertiis nummum quatuor. H-S. CCCC. Sestertiis quatuor centum. H-S. 00. N. Sestertiis mille mummfim. H-S. 00. CC100. N. Sestertiis novem mille nummum. H-S. CCIOO. CIOO. Sestertiis viginti mille. H-S. XXM. N. Sestertiis viginti mille nummum. H. SS. Hie supra scriptis. I I. Junius, Julius, Jupiter, ibi, idest, immortalis, imperator, inferi, inter, invenit, invictus, ipse, iterum, judex, jussit, jus, &c. IA. Intra. I. AG. In agro. I. AGL. In angulo. IAD. Jamdudum. IAN. Janus. IA. RI. Jam respondi. I. C. Juris consultus, Julius Caesar, judex cognitionum. IC Hic I. D. Inferiis diis, Jovi dedicatum, Isidi dese, jussu deae. ID. Idus. I. D. M. Jovi Deo magno. I. F. vel I. FO. In foro. IF. Interfuit. IFT. Interfuerunt. I. FNT. In fronte. IG. Igitur. I. H. Jacet bic. I. I. In jure. IM. Imago, immortalis, imperator. I. M. CT. In medio civitatis. IMM. Immolavit, immortalis, immunis. IM. S. Impensis suis. IN. Inimicus, inscripsit, interea. IN. A. P. XX. In agro pedes viginti. IN. vel INL. V. I. S. Inlustris vir infra scriptus. I. R. Jovi regi, Junoni reginae, jure rogavit. I. S. vcl I. SN. In senatum. I. V. Justus vir. IVD. Judicium. IVV. Juventus, Juvenalis. II. V. Duum-vir, vel duum-viri. III. V. vel HI. VIR. Trium-vir, vel trium-viri. IIII. Vir. Quatuor-vir, vel quatuor-viri, vel quatuor viratus. IIIIIL

ABB A B B [ 15 ! AbbreviaAijbrtvu- HIIII. V. rel VIS. Sextum-vir, vel se-vir, vdsex-vir. MNM. Manumissus. tion. IDNE, vel IND. aut INDICT. Indictio, vel indie- M. P. II. Mnlia passuum duo. tion MV. MN. MVN. MVNIC. Municipium vel muni- 1 v 'r~”J tione. ceps. K K. Cteso, Cains, Caio, C'jelius, Carolus, calumnia, canN didatus, caput, carissimus, clarissimus, castra, cohors, N. Neptunus, Numerius, Numeria, Nonis, Nero, nam, non, natus, natio, nefastus, nepos, neptis, niger, noCarthago, &c. K. KAL. KL. KLD KLEND. Kalendae, aut kamen, nonae, noster, numerarius, numerator, numerus, jendis *, et sic die cceteris ubi meiisium apponuntur nonumnnis vel numisma, liumen. NAV. Navis. mina. KASC. Career. N. B. Numeravit bivus pro vivus. KK. Carissimi. NB. vel NBL. Nobilis. KM. Carissimus. N. C. Nero Caesar, vd Nero Claudius. K. S. Cams suis. NEG vel NEGOT. Negotiator. KR. Chorus. NEP. S. Neptuno sacrum. N. E. N. Nobili familia natus. KR. AM. N. Cams amicus noster. L N. L. Non liquet, non licet, non longe, nominis Latini. L. Lucius, Lucia, Lcelius, Lollius, lares, Latinus, la- N. M. Nonius Macrinus, non malum, non minus. tum, legavit, lex, legio, libens vel lubens, liber, li- NN. Nostri. NNR. vel NR. Nostroruqi* bera, libertus, liberta, libra, locavit, &c. NO. Nobis. L. A. Lex alia. NOBR. November. LA. C. Latini colon!. NON. AP. Nonis Aprilis. L. A. D. Locus alter! datus. NQ. Namque, nusquam, nunquam. L. AG. Lex agraria. N. V. N. D. N. P. O. Neque vendetur, neque donaL. AN. Lucius Annius, vel quinquaginta annis. bitur, neque pignori obligabitur. L. AP. Ludi Apollinares. NVP. Nuptiae. LAT. P. VIII. E. S. Latum pedes octo et semis. O LONG. P. VII. L. P. III. Longum pedes septem, la- O. Officium, optimus, olla, omnis, optio, ordo, ossa, ostum pedes tres. tendit, &c. L. ADQ. Locus adquisitus. OB. Obiit. LB. Libertus, liberi. OB C. S. Ob cives servatos. L. D. D. D. Locus datus decreto decurionum. OCT. Octavianus, October. LECTIST. Lectisternium. O. E. B. Q. C. Ossa ejusben£ quiescant condita. LEG. T. Legio prima. O. H. F. Omnibus honoribus functus. L. E. D. Lege ejus damnatus. ON A. Omnia. LEG. PROV. Legatus provincire. OO. Omnes, omnino. O. O. Optimus ordo. LIC. Licinius. OP. Oppidum, opiter, oportet, optimus, opus. LICT. Lictor. OR. Ornarnentum. LL. Libentissime, liberi, libertas. OTIM. Optima?. L. L. Sestertius magnus. P LVD SiE,C. Ludx saeculares. P. Publius, passus, patria, pecunia, pedes, perpetuus, LVPERC. Lupercalia. pins, plebs, populus, potifex, posuit, potestas, praeLV. P. F. Ludos publicos fecit. ses, praetor, pridie, pro, post, provincia, puer, publiM cus, publics, primus, &c. M. Marcus, Marca, Martius, Mutius, maceria, magi- PA. Pater, Patricias. ster, magistratus, magnus, manes, mancipium, mar- PAL. ET. ARR. COS. Paeto et Arrio consalibus. moreus, marti, mater, maximus, memor, memoria, P. A. F. A. Postulo an fias auctor. mensis, meus, miles, militavit, militia, mille, missus, PAR. Parens, parilia, Parthicus. monumentum, mortuus, &c. PAT. PAT. Pater patriae. MAG. EQ. Magister equitum. PBLC. Publicus. MAR. VLT. Mars ultor. PC. Procurator. MAX. POT. Maximus pontifex. P. C. Post consulatum, patres conscripti, patronus coMI). Mandatum. loniae, ponendum curavit, praefectus corporis, pactum MED. Medicus, medius. conventum. MER- Mercu rius, mercator. TED. CXVS. Pedes centum quindecim semis. MERK. Mercurialia, mercatus. PEG. Peregrinus. MES. VII. DIEB. XI. Mensibus septem, diebus un- P. II. co. L. Pondo duarum semis librarum. decim. P. II. : : Pondo duo semis et triente. M. I. Maximo Jovi, matri Idete vel Isidi, militige jus, P. KAL. Pridie kalendas. monumentum jussit. POM. Pompei'us. MIL. COH. Miles cohortis. P. P. P. C. Propria pecunia ponendum curavit. MIN. vel MINER. Minerva. P. R. C. A. DCCCXLII1I. Post Romam conditam M. MON. MNT. MONET. Moneta. annis octingentis quadraginta quatuor. M. vel MS. Mensis vel menses. PRO. Proconsul. P. PR. Pro-praetor. P. PRR. ProMNF. Manifestus. praetores. PR,.

ABB

[

16

Abbrevk- I'H. N. Pro nepos. _ tion. P. pi. V. X. Popiili Romani vota decennalia. ' r ' PS. Passus, plebiscitom. PUD. Pudicus, pudica, pudor. PUR. Purpureus. Q Q. Quinquennalis, quartos, quintus, quando, quantum, qui, quae, quod, Quintus, Quintius, Quintilianus, quaestor, quadratum, quaesitus. Q. R. AN. XXX. Qui bixit, id est vixit, annos triginta. QM. Quomodo, quem, quOniam. QQ. Quinquennalis. QQ. V. QuoqUo versum. Q. R. Quaestor reipublicae. Q. Y. A. III. M. II. Qui vel quae vixit annos tres, menses duo. R 'R. Roma, Romanus, rex, reges, Regulus, rationalis, Ravennae, recta, recto, requietorium, retro, rostra, rudera, &c. RC. Rescriptum. R. C. Romana civitas. REF. C. Reficiendum curavit. REG. Regio. R. P. RESP. Respublica. RET. P. XX. Retro pedes viginti. REC. Requiescit. RMS. Romanus. 'ROB. Robigalia, Robigo. RS. Responsum. RVF. Rufus. S S. Sacrum, sacellum, scriptus, semis, senatus, sepultus, sepulcrum, sanctus, servus, serva, Servius, sequitur, sibi, situ*, solvit, sub, stipendium, &c. SAC. Sacerdos sacrificium. SiE. i>