Military Supply Chain Management and People's Liberation Army Logistics 9382652965, 9789382652960

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Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Chairman Mao Tse-tung. top right: Defence Minister V. K. Krishna Menon. bottom: Army Commanders’ Conference, New Delhi, 1959; (Left to right) Lieutenant General S. P. P. Thorat (Eastern Army Commander), Lieutenant General Pran Thapar (Western Army Commander), Lieutenant General Kulwant Singh (Southern Army Commander), Jawaharlal Nehru, General K. S. Thimayya (Chief of Army Staff) and V. K. Krishna Menon (Lieutenant General S. P. P Thorat Collection). top left:

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Satellite image of the Himalayan sweep with the Gangetic Plain to the south and the Tibetan Plateau to the north. bottom left: General K. S. Thimayya, DSO, COAS (8 May 1957 to 7 May 1961). bottom right: General Pran Thapar, COAS (8 May 1961 to 19 November 1962) (Karan Thapar). top:

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top: Lieutenant bottom: Thorat

General S. P. P. Thorat, DSO, the Eastern Army Commander. receiving Defence Minister V. K. Krishna Menon in Lucknow before Exercise Lal Qila in March 1960 (Thorat Collection).

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Prime Minister Nehru with General Thimayya, as Defence Minister Krishna Menon looks on. bottom: Chou En-lai, the Chinese premier, with Nehru during the Afro-Asia Conference in Bandung (Indonesia), April 1955. (Nehru Memorial Foundation) top:

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Tibetan monks emerge from the Potala Palace in Lhasa and surrender to Chinese troops during the 1959 unrest. middle: His Holiness the Dalai Lama on his way to India. bottom: The Dalai Lama's arrival at the 5 Assam post at Khenzemane. (Assam Rifles) top:

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Captain F. M. Bailey during the 1912 survey of the Mishmi Hills (Assam Rifles).

The Yonggyap-la with the 25,000-foot Namcha Barua visible in the distance.

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The 1914 Simla Conference with B. D. Bruce, Chen I-fan, Sir Henry McMahon, Lonchen Shatra and Teichi Trimon (Assam Rifles). bottom left: Charles Bell, the man who negotiated the Tawang deal with the Tibetans (Assam Rifles). bottom right: Major ‘Bob’ Khathing, the political officer who led the Assam Rifles expedition to Tawang in 1951 (Professor Labrang Khathing). top:

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Rare photographs of Major Bob Khathing's expedition to Tawang in 1951. Clockwise: being welcomed at Bomila; holding court in Tawang; the Assam Rifles staging a flag march; and crossing Se-la. (Khathing Collection)

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Generals Umrao Singh, Mohinder Pathania, Pran Thapar and ‘Bogey’ Sen with the governor, General Shrinagesh, in Shillong. below: Thapar

arriving at Tezpur with Kaul; moving by road to Tawang; ceremonial welcome at the monastery, Kaul, Thapar, Umrao Singh and Amrik Singh inside Tawang monastery; group photograph to mark Thapar’s visit to Tawang–Amrik Singh, Lieutenant Colonel B. S. Ahluwalia, Kaul,Thapar, and Umrao Singh. (Lieutenant General Umrao Singh Collection)

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Captain G. S. Bhatia and Major B. Avasthy in Subathu prior to 2 Rajput’s move to Walong towards the end of 1959 (Lieutenant General Milan Naidu). above right: Thapar being introduced to the staff of 7 Brigade at Tawang. above left:

Kaul with Umrao Singh sharing lunch; above left: with Lieutenant Colonel B.S. Ahluwalia at Hathung-la (Umrao Singh Collection). bottom: Troops on the move in NEFA in 1962 (Rivers of Silence). above right:

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The Tser Jong Tso from where the Nam Ka Chu originates; the stream then descends rapidly between the Thagla and Tsangdhar ridges. An Indian Army patrol visited the area in 1989 (Colonel Hunny Bakshi).

An aerial shot of the Nam Ka Chu Valley taken in 2010.

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Sen, Mohinder Pathania, Thapar, and Umrao Singh in Shillong (Umrao Singh Collection). middle: Niranjan Prasad, John Dalvi and Ahluwalia at 4 Division HQ in Tezpur (Umrao Singh Collection). bottom: Second Lieutenant Amarjit Singh ‘Tiger’ Behl, the GPO, with 17 Field Para at Tsangdhar (Brigadier Tiger Behl). top:

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Major General Niranjan Prasad (HQ 4 Division); Brigadier John Dalvi (Indian Military Academy); Lieutenant Colonel B. S. Ahluwalia (1/9 GR); Lieutenant Colonel M. S. Rikh, Major Gurdial Singh; Major B. K. Pant (all from 2 Rajput), Major M. S. Chaudhry (9 Punjab); Captain G. S. Bhatia and Captain M. S. Mangat of 2 Rajput (Lest We Forget and Rivers of Silence).

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Captain Mahabir Prasad (1 Sikh); Lieutenants Bhup Singh and Subhash Chander (2 Rajput), Second Lieutenants Onkar Dubey (2 Rajput); G. P. S. Rao (4 Grenadiers); B. D. Dogra (1/9 GR), Subedar Dashrath Singh and Naik Udai Singh (both 2 Rajput); Sepoy Chain Singh (9 Punjab). (Lest We Forget and Rivers of Silence)

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The Zimithang Valley with the Tactical HQ of 4 Infantry Division.

Artist’s impression of 1 Sikh deployed at Bum-la (HQ 14 Corps). right: Lieutenant Hari Pal Kaushik, the company commander at Tongpeng-la (Indian Military Academy). left:

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top: A

stone slab marks the spot where the 5 Assam Rifles platoon along with 1 Sikh dug in and met the first wave of Chinese attacks on Bum-la. bottom: The Tawang Monastery, the birthplace of the sixth Dalai Lama, seen while approaching from Bum-la.

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top: The

bunkers occupied by 4 Garhwal Rifles just north of Bridge 3 flanking the Nuranang Chu. The place is now known as Jaswantgarh. In the background are the slopes on the Tawang side of the Tawang/Mago Chu. bottom: Looking down from the Garhwali positions, the village of Jang sloping down towards the river that flows along the base of the valley.

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The Nuranang Valley that drops away to the north, as seen from Se-la Top and Twin Lakes.

President Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan with Anant Pathania and Kaul at Dirang Dzong (Lest We Forget and Rivers of Silence). right: Lieutenant Darshan Khullar who was with 2 Derajat Mountain Battery at Se-la. left:

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Major General Anant Pathania (HQ 4 Division); Brigadiers Hoshiar Singh (Wing Commander B. S. Rathee) and D. K. Palit (HQ 7 Infantry Brigade). below: Two Sikh LI above:

battalions (2 and 4) as well as 1 Sikh and 4 Garhwal Rifles were defending Se-la with the support of 25-pounder and 3.7-inch mountain guns. (Assam Rifles)

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Second Lieutenants S. N. Tandon and Vinod Kumar Goswami, Naib Subedar Udai Singh Rawat, Lance Naik Gopal Singh and Rifleman Jaswant Singh Rawat (4 Garhwal Rifles) (4 Garhwal Rifles).

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4 Division HQ, Dirang Dzong. below: Brigadier Gurbax Singh, Commander 48 Brigade. below: Lieutenant Colonels Jai Singh (5 Guards), Gurdial Singh (3 JAK Rif) and K. K. Chandran (1 Madras) at Bomdila (Colonel N. J. S. Pannu). below right: Gurbax Singh addressing troops from 1 Madras at Bomdila (1 Madras). above:

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Captain Amarjeet Singh and Lieutenant I. S. Chaudhry (5 Guards); Lieutenant Colonel Brahmanand Avasthy (4 Rajput) (Indian Military Academy). middle: The Lagyala Gompa where Indian troops fought the Chinese after the ceasefire. bottom: Brigadier Hoshiar Singh’s ashes being brought back by his son (Wing Commander R. S. Rathee). top:

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Major General Kadyan from the Rajputana Rifles salutes the body of Hoshiar Singh at Phudong Village during the funeral (Wing Commander R. S. Rathee). bottom: Indian officers as POWs in Chinese captivity before they were repatriated to India in 1963. The two Gurdial Singhs (2 Rajput and 3 JAK Rif) are second and fourth from left; Rikh, Tewari, Dalvi and Ahluwalia are on the right (Colonel N. J. S. Pannu). top:

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above: The

view towards Tibet from Kibithu. below: Lieutenant Colonel C. M. Madiah and Lieutenant Bikram Singh (6 Kumaon); Sepoy Kewal Singh (4 Sikh) (Mrs Meena Shyam).

An upgraded version of the rather primitive flying fox across the Lohit (Mrs Meena Shyam).

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Mishmi tribals with CO 6 Kumaon at Walong (Mrs Meena Shyam). middle: Trijunction, Green and Yellow Pimple with Ashi Hill in the background. bottom: The wing of a crashed Otter at Walong airfield. top:

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Thorat as the CGS in Ladakh in the early 1950s (Thorat Collection). bottom: Lieutenant General Daulet Singh, the Western Army Commander, addressing troops (Lieutenant General Daulet Singh Collection). top:

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top: Daulet Singh sharing a cup middle: Indian troops patrolling

of tea with Nehru at Chushul (Daulet Singh Collection). the southern side of the Pangong Tso (Yula Sector) at an altitude of 14,500 feet (HQ 50 Brigade). bottom: Soldiers hauling ammunition to the forward posts in the Chushul sector (HQ 50 Brigade).

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Chang-la; the Zanskar Range is visible in the distance (Dipti Bhalla Verma). bottom: The wounded being evacuated on yaks as an AN-12 lands (Air Marshal Bharat Kumar). top:

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Shyok River Valley.

above: Major General Budh Singh, Brigadier T. P. Raina and Lieutenant Colonel Hari Singh (Colonel B. R. S. Dahiya). right: Major Dhan Singh Thapa and Rifleman Tulsi Ram (1/8 GR) (Major Sitaram Johri Collection).

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Artist's impression of the Rezang-la battle (Battle Honours Mess/Kunal Verma).

Lieutenant Colonel H. S. Dhingra, Major Shaitan Singh and Sepoy Ram Kanwar Yadav (13 Kumaon) (Lest We Forget). left: Retrieving the remains of Charlie Company at Rezangla after the ceasefire (HQ 50 Brigade). above:

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Captain P. L. Kher, Second Lieutenant S. D. Goswami and Naib Subedar Jangbahadur Gurung (Lest We Forget). middle: AMX 13 tanks at Chushul (Air Marshal Bharat Kumar). bottom: Captain A. K. Dewan with the tank crew (Major General A. K. Dewan). top:

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Jemadar Rigzin Phunchok of 14 J&K Militia receives a Vir Chakra as Squadron Leader A. S. Williams looks on (Thorat Collection). bottom: The Post War Committee chaired by Defence Minister Y. B. Chavan in December 1962. Thorat is third from left; to his left are the air chief, Air Marshal Aspy Engineer, the COAS, General J. N. ‘Muchhu’ Chaudhury, and the CNS,Vice Admiral B. S. Soman (Thorat Collection). top:

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