Conceptual Modeling - ER 2000: 19th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, October 9-12, 2000 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1920) 3540410724, 9783540410720
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER 2000, hel
127 59 7MB
English Pages 588 [603] Year 2000
Table of contents :
Conceptual Modeling – ER 2000
Preface
Organization
Table of Contents
Data Warehouse Scenarios for Model Management
1 Introduction
2 Model Representation and Operations
3 Data Warehouse Scenario 1: Integrating a New Data Source
3.1 First Solution
3.2 Alternative Solution
4 Data Warehouse Scenario 2: Adding a New Data Mart
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Reflections on Computer Science and Information Systems Research
1. Introduction
2. The Nature of Science and Scientific Research
3. Research in Entity-Relationship Modeling
4. What, then Should We Study?
References
From Entities and Relationships to Social Actors and Dependencies
Introduction
A Model of Distributed Intentionality
Formal Specification of i* Diagrams
Conclusions and Directions for Further Research
A Pragmatic Method for the Integration of Higher-Order Entity-Relationship Schemata
Introduction
Higher-Order Entity-Relationship Structures
Schema Dominance and Equivalence
The Method for Integration
Case Study
Conclusion
Explicit Modeling of the Semantics of Large Multi-layered Object-Oriented Databases
Introduction
Multi-layered Description-Driven Systems
Object-Oriented Models and Semantic Expressiveness
Design Patterns
Justification for a Combined Meta-model/Ontology Approach
An Ontology of Design Patterns
The Need to Have an Explicit Account of Schema Semantics
The Ontology of the Item Description Pattern
Patterns for Dynamic Data Structures
Discussion
The CRISTAL Project
Conclusions
Declarative Mediation in Distributed Systems?
Introduction
Running Example
Canonical Wrappers
Declarative Mediation
Static Transformations
Dynamic Transformations
Interface Descriptions
Challenges of Integrating Distributed Services
Architecture of the Prototype
Related Work
Temporal Constraints for Object Migration and Behavior Modeling Using Colored Petri Nets
1 Introduction
2 Consistency Constraints for Object Migration
2.1 Object Migration
2.2 Consistency Constraints
3 Consistency Constraints Representation for Object Migration
3.1 Temporal Transitional Constraints Representation
3.2 Temporal Multiplicity Constraints Representation
4 Object Migration Behavior Modeling
4.1 Colored Petri Nets
4.2 Modeling Overview
4.3 Temporal Transitional Constraints Modeling
4.4 Temporal Multiplicity Constraints Modeling
5 Related Works
6 Conclusions
References
SQLST : A Spatio-Temporal Data Model and Query Language
Introduction
The Data Model of SQL$^{ST}$
Temporal Operators
Spatial Operators
Properties of Directed Triangles
Spatial Relationships
Spatial Operations
Spatio-Temporal Queries
Implementation of SQL$^{ST}$
Mapping between Different Representations
Spatial Operators for Regions
Conclusion
TBE: Trigger-By-Example?
Introduction
Background and Related Work
{sf TBE}: Trigger-By-Example
Difficulty of Expressing Procedural Triggers in Declarative {sf QBE}
Trigger Name
Event-Condition-Action Triggers
Triggers Event Types
Triggers Activation Time and Granularity
Transition Values
The {tt REFERENCING} Construct
Procedural Statements
The Order among Action Trigger Statements
Expressing Conditions in {sf TBE}
Complex SQL3 Triggers Examples
Integrity Constraint Triggers
View Maintenance Triggers
Implementation
Applications
Conclusion
Decomposition by Pivoting and Path Cardinality Constraints
Introduction
The Data Model to Be Used
Decomposition by Pivoting
Cardinality Constraints
Pivoting under Cardinality Constraints
Preserving Cardinality Constraints
Path Cardinality Constraints
Concluding Remarks
IS=DBS+Interaction: Towards Principles of Information System Design
Introduction
Databases, Information Systems, and Their Users
Historical Perspective
Statics vs. Dynamics
Individualization of Interactive Services
Modeling the User
Formal Models of DBs and ISs
Algorithmic vs. Interactive Dynamics
Algorithmic vs. Interactive Solution Spaces
Towards Principles of Information Systems
Conclusions and Acknowledgements
A Viewpoint-Based Framework for Discussing the Use of Multiple Modelling Representations
1 Introduction
2 Using Multiple Representations to Describe a Phenomenon
3 Viewpoint Concepts
3.1 Perspectives and Viewpoints
3.2 Representations
4 The Extended Viewpoint Framework
4.1 Representations
4.2 Descriptions
4.3 Constructs and Elements
5 A Notation to Express Representations, Descriptions, Constructs, and Elements
5.1 Description and Representation Notation
5.2 Construct and Element Notation
6 Conclusion
References
Practical Approach to Selecting Data Warehouse Views Using Data Dependencies
Introduction
Background
Motivating Example
Problems
Design Heuristics
Reduce Access Cost Using Data Dependencies
Reduce Access Cost Using Physical Database Principles
Do Not Introduce Anomalous Data
Conclusions
Semantic Analysis Patterns
1 Introduction
2 Analysis Patterns and Their Use
2.1 Semantic Analysis Patterns
2.2 An Example
2.3 Looking for Analogies
2.4 Pattern Generalization
3 Analysis Method Using SAPs
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Tool Support for Reuse of Analysis Patterns - A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Related Work on Analyses Patterns
3 The Modelling Wizard Tool
4 The Motivation and the Goal of the Study
5 Method and Design of the Study
6 Results
7 Evaluation
7.1 Were the Questions Implemented in the Wizard Clear?
7.2 Did the Students Use the Help Examples?
7.3 Did the Tool Support Reflection?
7.4 Shall Such a Tool Be Used for Teaching Aims?
7.5 General Observations
8 Conclusions and Further Work
Acknowledgements
References
Ontological Analysis of Taxonomic Relationships
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Basic Notions
2.2 Related Notions
3 The Formal Tools of Ontological Analysis
3.1 Rigidity
3.2 Identity
3.3 Unity
3.4 Dependence
3.5 Constraints and Assumptions
4 Methodology
4.1 First Layer: Foundations
4.2 Second Layer: Useful Property Kinds
4.3 Third Layer: Ontology-Based Modeling Principles
4.4 Fourth Layer: Top Level Ontology
4.5 Question/answer system
5 Example
6 Conclusion
References
A Conceptual Model for the Web
Introduction
Conceptual Model for the Web
Converting HTML Documents
Converting Sections
Converting Paragraphs
Converting Tables
Conclusion
Adapting Materialized Views after Redefinition in Distributed Environments
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Principle of Our View Selection
2.2 Example of Multi View Materialization Graph
3 View Adaptation after Redefinition
3.1 Adding a Join Relation by Redefinition
3.2 Adding an Attribute and/or a Condition by Redefinition
3.3 Deleting an Attribute and/or a Condition by Redefinition
4 Related Work
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
On Warehousing Historical Web Information?
Introduction
Temporal Web Data Model
Node and Link
Core Operators
Global Couple
Web Concatenate
Web Select
Web Project
Supporting Operators
Intervalize
Meta Operators
Create
Related Work
On Business Process Model Transformations
1 Introduction
2 Process Modelling Structures
3 Structural Transformations
3.1 Equivalent Relationship
3.2 Imply Relationship
3.3 Subsume Relationship
4 Transformation Operations
4.1 Structurally Equivalent Transformation
4.2 Imply Transformation
4.3 Subsume Transformation
5 Formal Considerations
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Towards Use Case and Conceptual Models through Business Modeling1
1 Introduction
2 Use Cases in Practice
3 Our Proposal in Brief
4 Business Modeling
4.1 Role Identification in the Business Context
4.2 Describing the Business Use Cases
4.3 Business Rules Specification
5 Requirements Analysis: Use Case and Conceptual Models
5.1 Transition to the Initial System Use Case Model
5.2 Transition to the Initial Conceptual Model
6 Conclusions
References
A Conceptual Modeling Framework for Multi-agent Information Systems1
1 Introduction
2 The Multi-agent Paradigm
3 A Conceptual Modeling Framework
3.1 Requirements Specification
3.2 Multi-agent Solution Definition
3.3 Multi-agent Society Modeling
3.4 The Agent Model
4 Conclusion
References
Object Role Modelling and XML-Schema
1 Introduction
2 XML-Schema
3 ORM and XML-Schema
4 Major Object Types
5 ORM to XML-Schema Mapping
5.1 Step 1: Generate a Type Definition for Each ORM Object Type
5.2 Step 2: Build a Complex Type Definition for Each Major Fact Type Grouping
5.3 Step 3: Create a Root Element and Add Keys and Key References
6 Options and Limitations
6.1 Limitations
7 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Constraints-Preserving Transformation from XML Document Type Definition to Relational Schema?
Introduction
Background and Related Work
Transforming DTD to Relational Schema
Semantic Constraints in DTD
Discovering and Preserving Semantic Constraints
CPI: Constraints-Preserving Inlining Algorithm
Experimental Results
Conclusion
X-Ray - Towards Integrating XML and Relational Database Systems
1 Introduction
2 Basic Kinds of Mappings between XML and RDBS
3 Determining Reasonable Mappings between XML and RDBS
3.1 Element Type Characteristics
3.2 XML Attribute Characteristics
4 The X-Ray Meta Schema
4.1 Database Schema Component
4.2 XML DTD Component
4.3 Mapping Knowledge
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Conceptual Model for Remote Data Acquisition Systems
1 Introduction
2 Data Acquisition System
3 The RoMain System
4 A Data Acquisition Conceptual Model
4.1 Device Models
4.2 Device Items
4.3 Report Definitions
4.4 Observations
4.5 Final Data Acquisition Model
5 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
A Modeling Language for Design Processes in Chemical Engineering
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of Design Processes
2.1 Case Study of a Process Design
2.2 Characteristics of Activities during the Design Process
2.3 Workflow in Design Processes
2.4 Dependencies between Work Processes and Products
3 A Representation of Design Processes
4 Computer–Based Support
5 Related Work
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
VideoGraph: A Graphical Object-Based Model for Representing and Querying Video Data
Introduction
Video Data Representation
Query Language
Syntax of VideoGraph Queries
Semantics of VideoGraph Queries
Examples
Implicit Information Inference
Conclusions
Object-Oriented Modelling in Practice: Class Model Perceptions in the ERM Context
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Analysis of Responses
3.1 Survey Respondents
3.2 Respondents’ Perceptions of Data Model Use
3.3 Respondents’ Use of Model Semantic Constructs
3.4 Respondents’ Perceptions of Modelling Usability for Analysis
3.5 Using Previous ERM Knowledge
4. Conclusions
References
ROVER: A Framework for the Evolution of Relationships ?
Introduction
Background
Minimal Primitives for Relationship Evolution
Evolution of Unary Relationships
Evolution of Bi-directional Relationships
Compound Evolution Operations for Relationships
Flexible Evolution of Relationships
Contract-Based Solution for Consistent Relationship Evolution
Conclusion
Improving the Reuse Possibilities of the Behavioral Aspects of Object- Oriented Domain Models
1. Introduction
2. A Generic Domain Model for Product Usage
3. Adding Behavioral Aspects
3.1 Motivation for an Event-Based Approach
3.2.The Generic Behavioral Schema for Product Usage
4. Improved Reuse of the Object Interaction Schema
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Algebraic Database Migration to Object Technology
1 Introduction
2 Redesign Environment
3 The Migration Process
3.1 Transformation of the Relational Schema into an SOT Schema
3.2 Redesign of the SOT Schema
3.3 Transformation of the SOT Schema into an Object-Oriented Schema
4 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
A Layered Software Specification Architecture
1. Introduction
2. The Need for Integration of Workflow Aspects in Information System Modeling
2.1 Requirements for an Adequate Workflow System Support
2.2 The Lack of a Business Process View in Object-Oriented Systems Development
2.3 Advantages to Gain
2.4 Using Business Events as Bridging Concept
3. First Set of Basic Layers
4. Refining the Layers
5. Conclusion
References
A Reuse-Based Object-Oriented Framework Towards Easy Formulation of Complex Queries
Introduction
Concepts, Structure, and Functions of QUERYAID
Concepts
Structure and Functions of QUERYAID
Query formulation for reuse.
Query formulation by reuse.
QUERYAID: A Query Formulation Model For Reuse
Identification of Query-Definition Components
Canonical Format of Query-Definitions.
Decomposition of Canonical Expressions.
Reification of Query Definitions
Incorporation of Query-Definitions into the Library
The principle of query subsumption.
The principle of subsumption of query-definition composite.
QUERYAID: A Query Formulation Model by Reuse
Searching for and Selection of Component Queries
Assembly of Component Queries
Adaptation of Component Queries
Discussion and Related Work
Conclusion
References
Evaluating the Quality of Reference Models
Introduction
The Linguistics-Based Comparison Framework
Semantic Properties
Application of the Framework: Electronic Commerce Reference Models
OMG Electronic Commerce Reference Model
Secure Electronic Market Place for Europe (SEMPER)
Comparison of Models
Syntactic Properties
Pragmatic Properties
Conclusion
Directions for Future Research
Measures for Assessing Dynamic Complexity Aspects of Object-Oriented Conceptual Schemes
1 Introduction
2 Quality and Complexity in Conceptual Modeling
3 Previous Work on Conceptual Schema Measures
4 Event-Driven Object-Oriented Conceptual Modeling
5 Complexity Measures for Event-Driven Object-Oriented Conceptual Modeling
5.1 A Size Measure
5.2 Structure Measures
5.3 Measures for Dynamic Behaviour Complexity
6 Some Observations on Measure Validity
7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Measuring the Quality of Entity Relationship Diagrams
1 Introduction
2 Metrics for ER Diagram Complexity
2.1 RvsE Metric
2.2 EAvsE Metric
2.3 RAvsR Metric
2.4 M:NRel Metric
2.5 1:NRel Metric
2.6 N-aryRel Metric
2.7 BinaryRel Metric
3 Empirical Validation of the Proposed Metrics
3.1 Experimental Design and Data Collection
3.2 Data Analysis Technique and Results
3.3 Experiment Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Behavior Consistent Inheritance in UML
1 Introduction
2 UML Behavior Modeling from an OBD Perspective
2.1 Life Cycles and Substates
2.2 Simplifying Statecharts
3 Consistent Extension
3.1 Kinds of Behavior Consistency
3.2 Checking Behavior Consistent Extension in UML
4 Behavior Consistent Re nement
4.1 Checking Behavior Consistent Re nement in UML
4.2 Specialization in UML
5 Related Work
6 Conclusion
References
The Viewpoint Abstraction in Object- Oriented Modeling and the UML
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries: Terminology and Introductory Example
3 OO View Mechanisms: Features and Trade-Offs
4 Embedding Views into the UML
4.1 Features of the UML that Support Aspects of the Viewpoint Abstraction
4.2 Stereotypes for Modeling View Classes and View Contexts
4.3 Operations and Implementation
5 Conclusion and Related Work
References:
XML Conceptual Modeling Using UML
Introduction
XML
XML Documents
XML DTD Constructs
Related Work
Relevant Modeling Concepts and Their Transformation
Aggregation and Composition
Packages
Implementation Dependent Concepts
Aggregation
Conclusion
The Five-Tier Five-Schema Concept
Introduction
Three-Schema Concept
Five-Schema Concept
Three-Tier Five-Schema Concept
Five-Tier Concept Five-Schema Concept
Documenting Meta Data Transformations
1 Introduction
2 Base Attribute Mapping
3 Transformation Mapping
Advanced Data Model Patterns
Information Quality at Every Stage ofthe Information Chain
A Fact-Oriented Approach to Business Rules
Personalized Digests of Sports Programs Using IntuitiveRetrieval and Semantic Analysis
Author Index
