Самообликовање у ренесанси : од Мора до Шекспира 9788671023955

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ypetyueaHKU o d ô o p

flyrnaH T. BaTaKOBMh CMMTba MapjaHOBMh-flymaHwh (ypedn u K ) BojMcnaB naBJioBwh AneKcaH,n;ap ria jia B e c rp a flaHMija nonoBw h

J I ukobhu y pedn u K C BeTJiaH a Bojimu;

© Clio, 2011. CBa n p aB a 3a M3flaH>e Ha cpncicoM je 3WKy 3aflp>KaHa. OBa nyÔTiHKaijMja, y uje/iMHM h tih aenoBMMa, He CMe ce yMHO>KaBara, npeuiTaMnaBaTM, noxpatt>WBara y MeMopwjy KOMnjyTepa m/im Ha 6 m/io kojm HaHMH npeHOCHTM - eneKTpoHCKM, MexaHMHKM, 0 T0 K0 nMpaH>eM, CHMMaiteM mjim Ha flpyrw HaHMH - hmtm MO>Ke Ha 6 m/io Koju HaHMH mjim 6 m/io kojmm cpeflCTBMMa 6 mtm flwcTpMÔyMpaHa 6e3 o,no6 peH>a H3flaBaHa.

Hacnoe opuzunana Stephen Greenblatt Renaissance Self-Fashioning From More to Shakespeare L icensed by The U niversity of ( i h k ago Press. ( 'hi< ago, Illin ois, 11.S. A. Ê) 1980 bv I he IJn lv ersity ol C h l i .»j,»e CaM O O Ó jiuKoeaw a y p e n e c a n c u ........................................ 11 y iio ff.............................................................................................................................. 1 9 I

! la CTOJIOM yrne^HMKa: M opO BO caM 0 0 ÓJiHK0 BaH»e m caMonoHMinTett>e................................................................................................... 3 1

ï

1*0*1 6oH (ja y BpeM eHy TexHMHKe p e n p O fly K ijM je ...............................

105

». M o h , c e K c y a r a o c T m yH yTpaniH>ocT y B a ja T O B o j n o e 3 n j n ------ 1 5 5 I

( )6/iMKOBaH>e ijeHTjiMeHa: ( lu c iic e p m y m n ir r e ib e B p T a y acM B aiba.................................................... 2 0 6

(npeeena Heeena Mptyenoeuh) 1. Map/io

m

BOJba 3a anco;iyTH y n r p y .........................................................2 5 1

v f». llMiipoBM3au(Mja M o h u .................................................................................. 2 8 9 r , i m ;i o r .................................................................................................................. 3 3 7

(nfyeae/ia Jenemi CmaKuh) Mii ^ c k c .................................................................................................................. 3 4 1

M

3 ja B e

3 a x B a n H O C T M

I Ickm fle n o B M O B e KH>wre o 6 j a B ib e H M cy y Hem/mico B e p 3 n j a : „More, I'ok- Playing and Utopia \ Yale Review 67 (®1978, Yale University); „Mar­ lowe and Renaissance Self-Fashioning“ y: Two Renaissance Mythmakers: y Pejflepy, MajK/iy PornHy, ToMacy PosenMajepy, PMHapay O rpajrpy n A/iexcy 3Bepfl/iMHry.

sh.uimm M H orM M cB o jM M n p M jaT en > M M a, K o n e r a M a

• iro caM

Kao myBeK, Moja cynpyra E/ieH Me je nennKo^ymno noflp>KaBa/ia y I “»Ay.

-----------------------------------------------

OÓHHKOBaibe C a M

o o ó n u K o e a t b a

y

p e n e c a n c u

IloiiiTO je C aM o oó n u K o eaw e y p e n e c a n c u 6 w m npBa KK>nra y k o joj caM npoHaiuao concTBeHM M3pa3, 6mho 6m n p n ja ra o tbpamtm ,n,a je iiacrana Kao n/iofl ,n;y6oKor apxMTeKTOHCKor n/iaHa, oónuicoBaHa n p e Ma yHanpefl ocMMHiTteHoj rnaBHoj cxeMM. Ha^canocT, HMje ómjio TaKO. Kit.ura je Hacra/ia noMano aiynajHO, HorneHa TioKa/iHMM n p iom caM a Koje cy ce nojaBM/ie Ha noneTicy Moje Kapujepe. flB a o^BojeHa no3MBa y RHiviecKM MHCTiiTyT - M3a30BHa npmiMKa fla roBopwM npe,n; 3awHTepecoBaHOM m cyMH.MHaBOM nyónMKOM - no^craic/ia cy n n c a fte e c e já o Map/ioy n o O m eny, Kojw cy ce n 0T0M Hauura y kh>m3m; CMMno3MjyM

„Ofl nepa «o uiTaMne“, Koju cy 1977. roflMHe 3ajeflHMHKM 0praHM30BanM ViiMBep3MTeT IJo h c XonKMHC m YHMBep3MTeT MepMneHfla, noKpeHyo )c Moje pa3MMiu7i>aH>e o TwHflny; cne^ehe roflMHe, flBe KOH(f)epeHiJ(Mje 0 IoM acy M opy, npBa Ha YHMBep3MTeTy Kanw(J)opHMje y TIoc AHl)e/iecy a Apyra y BaiHMHrroHy, yHMHMJie cy fla oncecwBHO ypoHMM y flena m >kmb o t OBe 3HanajHe timhhoctm. Han u pen „oncecwBHo“, Ma^a je npw;immho TaHHa, hmhm fla CBe t o M3rnefla MHoro 6 orb e Hero lu to je 6m/io: 1 oliaM ce flo/iacica Ha KOH^epeHijMjy y /loe AHÍ}e/iec, npaBO c OflMopa y McKcwKy, y KOMe caM M3ryóno Haonape m pa3MMin;bao o TOMe fla n p e ;uiHaH>e oflp5KMM c MacKOM 3a pon.eH.e Koja je ów/ia noflenieHa npeM a Mojoj AwonTpMjM. Y nocTiefliteM TpeHyTKy Moje Haonape cy ce nojaBMn ct iiouiTefleBuiM Me OBe ocoÓMTe (j)apce, Koja 6m npM3Bana KwHrcnMja Kjivwca. Kojim ko t o a iiacyMWHHe 6w/ie HapoHMTe o k o jih o c tm , un aK je n o o r o Jjio n;iaH, a ;in Taim/io w su eH aljyjyh e: je/jan ofl npHHijMna o b c khim-

w jecTc

K‘ KHO Me je noroflMna HeoÖMHh o c t PajiM jeBor fly>Ker (JjpameHTa ÖKeanoea ibyöae npeua Cunmuju ( Oceans Love for Synthiä). npeu,M3HMje, 6 mo caM nofl yTMCKOM 0H0ra uiTO mm je M3i7iefla;io Kao HeoÖMHHa c /im h h o c t M3Mel)y P an n jeß e necMe, c H>eHMM M3MyneHMM ocehaH>eM cßeTa m MfleHTMTeTa KojM ce pacnaflajy, m EnMOTOBe

Llycme 3eM7be (Waste Land). (To je 6 m/io

m c to Kao no3Ha-

TO ona>KaH.e fla je hckm e/ieMeHT Ha c^mi^m c ra p n x MajcTopa - ceHKa Ha 3Mfly, oapa3 y bchm kom oniefla/iy, ancTpaKTHM KOBMTTiau, MepMepHe noBpuiMHe - HeoÖMHHO HanMK Ha fleno ancTpaKTHor eKcnpecMOHM3Ma.) >Ke/iMM fl a HaniacMM fla Moja npßa peaKijMja Ha OKeanoey Jby6ae npeMa CuHmuju HMje ÖM/ia MCTopnjcKa pafl03Han0CT Hero npnjaTaH ao>kmBn>aj ecTeTCKor nyl)eH>a. H e Mory fla cxßaTMM KaKo je 6 vljio M oryhe fla Pa/mjeBa jaflMKOBKa c Kpaja 16. BeKa 3ByHM TaKO c/imhho Kao fleno m oflepHM3Ma. 143 oßor nyl)eH>a M3pac;ia je >Ke/ba 3a 3Han>eM - 3aniTO 6m PanM HanMcao TaKO HeniTO? A o b o riMTaite npeTBopM/io ce y jeflHO Behe - 3aniT o 6m npamaTMHHM e;iM3a6eTMHCKM flBopaHMH, MOHono/iMCTa m aBaHTypMCTa yonniTe n n ca o necMe, a HapoHMTO necMe Koje MMpMrny Ha MOflepHMCTMHKM eKcnepMMeHT?1

/jMcepTaijMja m,

h ck o /im k o roflMHa KacHMje, KH>Mra y Kojoj caM n oK y-

rn ao fla flaM o flro ß o p ÖMjie

cy y cp eflcp eI)eH e

Ha P a /m je B o Mrpan>e

y/iora,

Ha t t e r o B flo>KMB/Baj c e 6 e K ao TiMKa y poM aH y. H3ry6M BiiiM HaKHOHOCT KpajbMu;e (nouiTO c e TajHO o>kchmo), o h c e n peTBopM o y E e c H o r n aH fla,

no/iyfle/ior

Op-

ofl M3ry6^>eHe TtyöaBM. M m a o je to tim k o fla/ieKO fla

je M3pe>KMpao m n o K y m aj caMoyÖMCTBa - caM c e n o c e K a o M cnofl flecHe

6paflaBM u;e,

*

n peM a jeflHOM CKpMBeHOM n o c M a T p a n y - M y m cto m c r a -

T p a jn a c mcitmt ( T ripos ex a m in a tio n ): 3aBpuiHH wcnwr na KeMÖpiipy, wcnpBa caMO

m3 MaTeMaTMKe, n0T0M M3 K/iacMMHMx Hayna, 4>M/i03O(|wje u npwpoflHMX nayKa. rio p eKTio p en n je HecwrypHO, a/iM

m m ;i

ueno/i wko i . i i i h m /i . h i u i x oÖJaimi.eii.a: wmboam c e oflT p o -

H om na Ha KOMe cycryfleHTM cefle/iM np i w n i K O M iio/uu iiii.a ycM enor fle/ia m ii m a ;

iio t o m ,

ofl n o jeflHe Hore cro /iw u e i n n o 11>n tat pa/jr

- npuM, tipee.

im i . i m i m i i c

na iio/iel)m m aiefloMaiiCTBö.

( U)MiiK06a w e C au o o ô n u K o ea w a y p en eca n cu

13

n.y flyxa Hanwcao Ty^He ctmxobc c HaMepOM fla nonage CBoje c r a a e AyiueBHe noMeTeHOCTM. (A noMeTeHOCT ce, Kaxo jy je pa3yMeo Etimot, MyApw npoynaßanau, peHecaHCHe noe3nje, Mcno;baBa;ia y McnpeKM,n;a110M roBopy, MCKpMBTbeHMM MeTac|)opaMa, M3nnBMMa Tyre.) O h o hito Je na MeHe ocraBM7io yTMcan Kao hcoömhho caBpeMeHO 6mo je nyKaB HnopaHHHOB noKymaj æa 3ByHM c/ia6 aiHHO. riep4)opMaHC Hwje 6 mo y 1101 nynocTM /ia>KaH: Pa/m je , BepoBaTHO, 3aMcra 6 mo onajaH Ka#a ra je /i.y riira Kpazbmja noc/iana y Tayep. MeHe je 3aHMMao HaHMH Ha Kojw je un oBaj onaj npeTBopwo y KH)ii>KeBHM nep(f)opMaHc, hito je naK 6 mo fleo iipaiKMBOTa ynpa>KH>aBao - npeflCTaBJTbaH.a ce 6 e. Ta u p aK ca ce 3aBpniM/ia TeK Ha ryÔM/iMiuTy: oh je x/iaflHOKpBHO McnMTao

I pmiMKOBy

c e K u p y m M 3roBopw o h ck otim k o , 6 e 3 cyMKbe na>K/i>MBO y B e -

ivO.ihmx onacKM , m TeK noTOM nojlOîKMO r/ia B y

II

Ha naii>, pamwpMO p y x e

m iK iiyo: „CeijM , HOBene!” lie reTCKO Hyî)eH>e Koje je M3a3Ba/io HMTaB OBaj npojexaT

to ko m

nnca-

11..1 nnje MiHHe3no, a/ m HwcaM noKymaBao h m fla rayHMHMM fle/iOM c b o t 1 ruera. CaMo caM ce ocnaH>ao Ha n.era

a 6 m x nojanao concTBeHO aHra-

Mman.e y Be3M ca npoôneMOM Ha Kojn caM ce ycpeflcpe^MO. Cxo^ho no-

1peôaMa KH>Mre o Pannjy,

6 m /i o m m je a o b o / b h o fla onMiueM KH>M)KeBHe

iiouieflïme „flpaMaTMMHor ocehaita >KMBOTa“ je^He 3Ha*iajHe h m h h o c t m . \/in ocra/io mm je ocehaite He3afl0B0/bCTBa, Koje HMje npo/ia3n;io. Jep, mmi 11ko rofl PanM 6 m o HeoÔMHaH - a m Ha CBoje caBpeMeHMKe je, Kao m nu MCHe, ocTaBTbao yTMcaK HeMMpHor /tyflCKor 6 nha - H>eroBa Kapnjepa |i mvia/ia CMMOia caMO Kao fleo MHoro B e h e r Ky/iTypHor (J)eHOMeHa KojM |i DMoryhMO fla ce / i m h h o c t m nonyT H>eroBe M3pa3e y nyHoj MepM. O fl 1 a/ja, ieroßy KH>Mry H e ö u K a : npoMene y

HecTpn/bMBO npoHMTao, je p caM He^aBHO n p e Tora 6mo y M apoxy. IIo tom caM, noniTO Me je Kibwra oöopw/ia c Hory, noTpa>Kno niTa je jorn OBaj ayTop Hanncao.) fljiBMHaOOBe CTy^wje o no3opm uTy Har/iaiuaBane cy pwrMflHOCT flpyuiTßeHMX y jio ra y cpeflH>eM Beicy, TaKO ^a caM flo6no pe30HaHTHy cynpoTHOCT OHe npM/iaroflTbMBOCTM Kojy je onw cao IpMH. IIiiT ao caM ce Kaico je 6mtio Moryhe fla ce H3 CBeTa y KOMe je flBOpcKa eTMKeuMja 6w;ia TaKO npeu,M3Ha fla je oflpe^MBana oco ö y HMja je y/iora 6wna fla ,n;p:>KM naßop Ka^ Kpa/ßa cnona^H e MyHHMHa tokom npenacKa JlaMaHiua, npel)e y CBeT y KOMe je hcko n onyT P a tn ja , HeyMopHO Men>ajyhw y ;io re, caMOCBecHO KOHCTpyMcao (J>eHOMeH no3HaT Kao „Panw“?

¿Jok caM paflwo Ha ecejwMa 3a EHr/iecKM MHCTMTyT, a m y ßpyriiM npMTiMKaMa, MMao caM ocehan>e pacTyher y3Öyl)eH>a: He tohmko ocehaite fla OTKpMBaM KTbyHHy M^ejy kotimko ocehaite ¿ja HeniTO (J)epMeHTMpa. Obo ocehaibe, npe Hero uito noHHy cTBapHe TeuiKohe nncaHba, 3a MeHe je yßeK ömtio HajcpehHMjM TpeHyTaK y npoijecy CTBapaita: noCTajeTe 3a CBe npwjeMHMBM, yKTbynyjyhH m CTBapn Koje cBaKo, na m bm, 0flaBH0 CMaTpaTe ßoeaflHMM m HeBa>KHiiM, m CBe ca hmm ce cpeheTe, kotimko rofl cnynajHO, M3r/ie,D;a, Moryhe, npenyHO CMMC/ia. CrßapM npocTO MCKany M3 KüMra. 3Hao caM #a he ce KH>Mra cacraBMTM w npe Hero ihto caM 3Hao KaKo; 3Hao caM ^a he MMaTM CHa>KHy, KTbyHHy TeMy m npe He­ ro u ito caM MMao penn 3a OBy TeMy. Bepoßao caM y npeflMBHo oceha­ ibe npMjeMHMBOCTM jep caM Bepoßao eHepruju Kojy he flOfle^MTM caMOM HMHy nncaiba. Bepoßao caM, a m cafla BepyjeM, ¿ja caMO y HMHy nwcaiba Mo:»ceTe fla OTKpwjeTe uiTa acenMTe fla Ka>KeTe. ß ß a MMHMOua, B e o M a p a 3 /iM H M T a n o n p n p o ,n ,M , y M H o r o M e c y n o j a nana

obo

1975.

ro^ M H e. K a K o

o ce h a ib e .

IlpBH j e 6mo to ßeh Ö M ß a,

Mwuiena O y K o a H a BepK/m, m6mo ß y ö o K O M M n p e K 7 ia cu u ,U 3 M a - uito j e T a K o l ) e 6m-

flo /ia 3 a K

npoH M T ao caM

C M OHM paH M c m o p u j o M n y d u n a y d o ö a

j i o n j i o p , M o r n e n p K a i f c a - a / r a c a M M o r a o u f la n p o n y c T M M H > e r o ß y n o c e T y K a M n y c y 4 n j a c y B e/iM H M H a m 6e3/iM H H O C T y B e K HM HM /ie ß a n y je M ,

onaj o/ipKao floöpo (m^m r p o 3 H o ) je, k u k o m c je o ö a ß e c T M o n p n j a T e /b c a O f l c e K a 3 a (j)panuycKW, ^p>ieM cra b b y noK ajH M K a 3aBMCM/ia j e Ofl HMTaBe n a c T M p < \y< le x H o n o rw je , yKTbyHyjyhM C T B ap aib e noceÓHM X K aÓ M H a-M cnoB e-

H.ioiiHna paflM npMBaTHOCTM,

m

n n c a i b e CBe c/iojKeH M jux npw pyH H M Ka

hi o n e K o j m c e M cn o B eflajy . O b m npM pynH M ijM 6 m /im c y 3aMMiii7beHM ' H o y Me

cueniTeHMKe o

TOM e

KaKO ^a M3ByKy CMMC/ieHe o n n ce n cn x o n o -

IIImix cTaiba - HapaBHO, TBpflMO je OyKO, ycn yT cy noMaranw y CTBaI • i n .y y n y T p a n iH > M X >KMBOTa

Haß

K ojM M a

cy

C T M n a;iM K O H T p o /iy -

flOK

i y m TonpeMeHO noynaBa/iM BeuiTMHM MHCMHyai^Mje, KaKO 6m noMomM in none/i,HMi4MMa fla M3ByKy naK m Haj6o/iHMja m HajHenpMjaTHMja npM-

II i a 11.a

a

y yMOBe BepHMx He yHecy

30 Ta^a He3aMMC7iMBe rpexe.

11MTSB yKOOB MHTeneKTyaTiHM nepcJ)opMaHC 6 mo je y30yflÆMB:

hm -

I i.H.i iiMcaM HMKora nyo ^a TaKO roBopM, no flBa caTa ofljeflHOM 6 e3 n a V ir

(iin raiba ra HMcy 3aHMMa/ia), y3 TaKO M3BaHpeflHy npeijM3HOCT, e/ie-

hinuMjy m crp o ro cT . Oflna3MO caM McnyibeH CKopo jeBaH^eocKMM y3OybciheM, a/iM, Kafla caM noKym ao yKpaTKO ,n;a npenpMHaM apryMeHTe ii|MijaTeÆMMa, ohm cy 6m/im BeoMa CKenTMHHM m o^ynMpa^M ce MojMM MiiroHopHMa fla c/ie,n;ehM nyT floí)y Ha MHane cna6o noceheH ceMMHap.

( V, /icfl je,HHor Ofl OHMX hco6mhhmx npeoKpeTa MHTe/ieKTya/me MO^e,

IIIy lu) je c/ieflehe roflMHe nocTao BeoMa HyBeH. Ka^a ce cjiefleher ceMe■ 11m BpaTMO Ha BepKTiM Kao rocTyjyhM npocf)ecop, flo6mo je, yMecTO Ma/ic yMMOHMne, BenMKy can y 3a npeflaBaHba, HMjM orpoMaH npocTOp u u.»K 11nje Morao #a npMMM roMM/ie ^.y^M KojM cy ce 6yKBa;iHO TyKTiM ii i np aT M M a T p a > K e h M M o ry h H O C T ^ a c n y m a j y c n o ^ c e H m n p n /iM H H O c y -

lim inpan A M C K y p c H a cjjp aH L jycK O M - o CTOM ijM 3M y, aK O c e flo 6 p o c e h a M Kojn cy MHorM Mel)y H>MMa je^Ba m pa3yMenM.) ( >IIO IIITO MM je

6m/IO HapOMMTO npMB/iaHHO Ha CeMMHapy KOjM caM

■ /iy»iajno n o x a l)a o ÖM/ia je OyKOOBa TBpflH>a « a HajyHyTapn>MjM ,n;o•I mi/i.ajw nojeflMHUa - ocehan>a Koja B p eó ajy y TaMM - HMcy HeKa B p I hi VHpoBMHe Kojy 110T0 M o 6 /iMKyjy c n ;ie flpyuiTBa. Y m c c to T o ra , h>mx mImi m ua y iio c r o ja n .c n 0 6 /iWKyje MHCTMTy nwja 3 a Kojy ce TBp^M p,a. mx • iiMd iiaA rne^a« * ' 1

101

p»:w ora w cK ycTim iincy MeayreHTMMHa; H a n p o -

I IIit» TBpfluo jg O yun, ynpuHo je y 6el)eii»e y ayrcH i MMUocT HeuiTO i jjt o

C aM oo 6n u K oeaw e y p en eca n cu

i6 MHCTMTyu;Mja

0 M0 r y h a B a , ca

cbojmm y4eH>MMa, X M jepapxw jaM a, a p x n -

TeKTOHCKOM o p raH M 3an n joM , nocTynu,MMa, M^ejaMa o nepMOflMHHOCTM m flMCKyp3MBHoj npMKnaflHOCTM. YKpaTKO, M3Met)y ocehaH ba MfleHTMTe-

Ta u ,n,pymTBeHe ycTaHOBe Koja 3a ce 6 e n p u c B a ja Moh Harpafle m Ka3He nocTojn fly 6 oK, CKpMBeH, Hy>KaH o ^ h o c . O B aK B a BM3iija n p u p o ^ e yH yTpam flber >KMBOTa p;y 60 K0 je necM M M cm HKa - cK puB eH o MecTO 3a Koje ce HOBeK H an a fla h e c e y H>era n o B y h n KaKO 6 m M 36erao TOTa;iM 3yjyhy ycTaHOBy, yn p aB O je MecTO Koje je ycTaHOBa C TBopm ia - a/im je necnM M 3aM M3nie,n;ao KOHCTpyMcaH o k o M a/ior, HecBOflMBor j e 3 r p a H a^ e: 6mtio je M o ry h e BMfleTM KaKO je t o yHMH>eHO Te je cTora, y npMHii,Mny, M oryh e BiifleTM KaKO 6 m c e Morno m paiiiHMHMTM. OBaj caH o noHMuiTaBaHby Me je ^oTaKao je p mm je >kmbot, Kao m BehMHM AMepMKaHaua y t o BpeMe, 6mo no# fly6 oKMM yTMijajeM paTa y BnjeTHaMy m npoTecTa y KojMMa caM ynecTBOBao. He Tpe6 a ^a npeTepyjeM y o n n cy Tor ynen ih a y npoTecTMMa. HncaM cnanMO CBojy BojHy KibM>KMijy, cTpaTeiiiKM ce caMonoBpeflMO mhm npaBMO nnaHOBe fla

no6erHeM y KaHafly. Ycneo caM fla M3 6 erHeM Mo6 M7iM3au;Mjy npBo OflnaraubeM 3 6 or CTyfleHTCKor CTaTyca, a 3aTMM 3ro#HMM KaneHflapcKMM

cnynajeM : neKapcKM npernefl 3a 0flna3aK y BojcKy, KojM je 0 3 HanaBa0 noneTaK K/iM3aBor nyTa m/im y 6 op6 y m/im y M3rHaHCTBO, 6 mo je 3aKa3aH HeKOHMKO flaHa n oćn e Mor 2 6 . po^eH^aHa, noćne Kora BMme HMcaM MMao BojHy o 6 aBe3y. T o k o m cB o jn x npBMX roflMHa Koje caM n poB eo Ha yHMBep3MTeTy Ka/iM(|)opHMje Kao acncTeHT, Mapnmpao caM m (npn/iMHho HeBO/bHo) M3BMKMBao c/ioraHe; fle/mo caM neTKe u Miiiao Ha MacoBHe npoTecTe; ynecTBOBao y fle6 aTaMa u 6 ecKpajHMM jaBHMM pacnpaBaM a

o npMpoflM MMnepMja/me Mohu AMepMKe m M0 ryfiH0 CTMMa #a ce OHa noflpMje. Ha EepK/iMjy, y Ka/iM(])opHMjM, 6 mo je t o Bp/io 6 /iar o 6/imk aHra^CMaHa. A /im je TeMe/bHO yc/ioBMo Moj flyxoBHM >kmbot.

Y npo/iehe 1975. roflMHe - y BpeMe Ka#a je OyK0 Metsao Moje mhTeneKTyanHe xopM30HTe - CBe je M3r/ie,n;a/io Moryhe m ,n;0XBaT/bMB0. IIpeflceflHMK PMHapp, Hmkcoh npeTxoflHe ro#MHe je no^Heo ocTaBKy, Aa 6m ra KberoB Hac/ieflHMK, IJepa/ifl Oopfl, o#Max n0MM/i0Ba0. MHorw Hmkcohobm 6/imckm capaflHMnM cyoiiM/iM cy ce c omry>KHMu;aMa m npMTBopoM. /Joro^M/ia cy ce m flBa noKymaja y6ncTBa npeflceflHMKa Oopfla. TpM^eceTor anpM/ia 1975. roflMHe aMepuMKe cnare cy ce noByK/ie M3 CajroHa - c/iMKa Tbyjsyi Koju ce rpa6e ;i,a cn n ny flo xe;mKoriTepa 3a eBaKyau;Mjy ocTana mm je rpajno ype:i;ma y celiaii.e oc i ;in;i»ajyhM rpa^ BMjeTKonry m CeBepnoM Bnjcniaiviy. Ib^inic Koje cy yc;icvin;ie M3r;iej\a]\e cy noTriyno iieciaOM/nic: yt i.iii.ik y ( Onc*ry ^HH/baMKM je yrynu‘H; CjeflMn>ene flp*;u»e o/()iyiin;ic cy y/>.i/ieHOM npeTibOM, Kao M3roBopoM 3a y^Bpiiiliinuiii.e Mohw, y mom y3HeMMpaBajyheM ona>Kaiby fía ohm KojM ce cyI I I i o n 1 a B;bajy ni o r t m i a .

0B 0j

Mnore

m oFlm n o H a B / b a j y H eK e ojs, h > c h m x H ajy o n jb M B M jM X

a H e r ^ O T e , y 3 HMjy n o M o h

caM

noK ym aB ao

fía

p acB e-

I »iiim p eiiecaH CH e TeKCTOBe, M M ajy H OTy caBpeMeHOCTM. Y3mm mo ca M O

|i Hit 11 npiiMep: cnanjMBaHbe cena y Cnjepa JleoHey, c KojMM ca M noneo / u n / b e o Map/ioy, y t o B peM e je HeM3Óe>KH0 noflcehano H a n y B e H e

II /i« nn:mjcKe chmmkc aMepMHKMx BojHMKa KojM nane c/iaMHe KpoBOBe ihi iM);m6aMa BMjeTHaMCKMx cejbaKa. J\a /im obo cna;t>MBaH>e acoijM pa Hii

111 ro, neTBpT CTO/ieha KacHMje? He 3HaM. Ahm, c r p a c r c KojoM caM ce

i" noiino na npwny m yTKao je y CBojy npMHy o TaMep/iaHy, ^MpeKTHO je IHlili' llllia Ca My'Ul/bMBMM MCTOpMjCKMM TpeHyTKOM. I n ie p a ijM jc K a n o ó y H a y Kojoj ca M ynecTB O B ao TaKol)e je O H M m eflH a

III 01101a 111 ro mu M3iviefla Kao M 3H eH al)yjyha HOTa onTMMM3May kh>m3m. Iiim ro lin ro 6 m;io H 3H eH al)yjyhe? 3aTO i u t o je KH>Mra CaMooónuKoea-hbe \¡wiurnncu necTO 6 n ;ia onMCMBai-ia ie y p en eca n cu

18

c a M M o r a o f la bm ^mm n a K , HeKOHTaMMHMpaH o iio 3 m ijm o h m C T aB - n a K m M a p n o o B C ) c B e T o r p l ) e , TBpflM O c a M , M M ano j e H eniT O o # n o T H M H b aB aib a. A/im K p e T a i t e K p o 3 O B a fle , H a ^ e y

MHoro

nornaBTba H e n o r p e n iM B O bop;m n p M H ijM n H a-

pa37iM iiM TM x o6/iMKa> n e c T O CM pBTbeH e, K o ja c e 3aTMM

noHOBO p a l j a , y n p K O C C B eM y. IloM ano 36yH>eHa o6jaBa B e p e y e n M / io ry KKbMre, mmc/imm, H M je a H O M a/ m ja; t o j e n p M 3 H a it e T a jH o r n o y 3 f l a i b a K o ­ j e j e n M c a i t e O Be KH>Mre y xiMHM7io p a flo cH M M a He cy M o p H M M . B e p o B a o c a M f la h e M 3M y n eH e CMJie K o je c e c y n p o T c r a B ;i > a jy r p y 6 o j B o jH o j M ohM KOHanHO oflH eTM n o 6 e # y . M B e p o B a o c a M f la on M C M B aib eM HeKM X M ex a H M 3 a M a o 6 ;iM K O B a K .a M ^eH TM TeTa y p eH ecaH C M y M e c T B y je M , H a Ma/rn, HayHHMHKM HaHMH, y

MHoro B e h e M n p o je K T y , n p o je K T y ca 3 H a B a H > a K a-

k o c m o n o c r a n M TaKBM KaKBM jecM O . I I p o je K a T HM je n o f lp a 3 y M e B a o n y k o o n M C M B a ib e: M M ao j e ijm Jb f la HaM 0 M 0 r y h M

a n o 6erH eM O o ^ 0 H 0 r a

i h t o n p e 3 M p e M O m npM rp/iM M O CBe o h o i h t o hm h m fla c e ^ m b m m o , H aflaM O , M7IM IHTO HaM npMHMH>aBa 3aflOBOn>CTBO. O b O 3aflOBOn>CTBO 3 a M eH e j e o 6 y x B a T a / io - m y B e K o 6 y x B a T a - e e T e T e K O o,n;yiiieB;i>eH>e K o je j e jk m b o t h m M 3B o p M o je c n M c a T e ;b C K e e H e p r n je .

13. jaHyap 2005.

YßOff

M oja reMa je c a M o o ö n u K o e a w e , op, M opa p;o IIIeK cnnpa; Moje noneT-

M-- uo/iasnuiTe je cacBMM jeßH ocraßH o: y EHrnecKoj 16. BeKa nocrojanM ( V n ;i mmhm MfleHTMTeT m ocehaH>e ^a ce o h MO>Ke oönMKOBaTM. H a p a ß iii » ;i,.i jo MCTMu;aH>e H en era TaKO OHMrneflHor noMano ancypflHO: Ha Kpah ' pajeBa, MfleHTMTeTM yßeK n o cT o je - ocehaibe /iMHHor nopeTKa, o c o i" 11n naMMH oöpahaHja CBeTy, CTpyKTypa npMTeniHbeHMx ^a - a y ß e K n im'km e/ieMeHTM HaMepHor oönMKOßaiba y rpal)eH>y m McnojbaBatby MMt iiTMTeTa. HoßeK caMO T p e ö a fla noMMcnM Ha H ocepoße M3BaHpeflli«i cyn T M /m e m nyKaße MaHMnynau,Mje n ep co n o M fla

6 m cxßaTMO KaKO

mmo iiito upeflna>KeM 3a McnMTMBaHbe He HacTaje hm M3 nera y TpeHyTKy i .im, M99. iio c ra je 1500. roflMHa. IÜTaBMiiie, nocToje MHorM eMnnpMjcKM JtKy m fla;ieKoce>KHMjy flMci^Mn/iMHy CBojMM noflaHMu;MMa M3

|m in m.i c p e /u ^ e K/iace m n/ieMCTßa. AyTOHOMMja jecTe nMTaH>e, a/rn He h hmiio, a hm cpeflMiiiH>e: Moh fla ce caMOM ceÖM HaMeTHe oönMHje jecT e M» iirit i Miioro onniTMje Mohn fla ce KOHTpo/inine MfleHTMTeT - npyrMX, »M|> in I O TO/1MKO MCCTO KOTIMKO M COnCTBeHM. (>110

iiito j e c m e y cp eflM iirry , to

je ona^caH>e - aKa^eMCKa TeMa CTapa

......u ko n liypK xapr m Mniu/ie - fla y paHOM MOflepHOM nepMOfly n o c r o |u npoMciia y Mure/ieKTya/iHMM, .npyniTBeHMM, hcmxotioihkmm m ecTeTimimi

i pyKTypaMa Koje ynpaB/bajy cm apaibeM M^eHTMTeTä. O ßy n p o -

m. u v je rein ko o6ja
Ke-

m11 it< li n cna>Kiio .nnjaneKTMMKa. Ako ikcmo fla nocTojM hobo Harviaiihiiitiii.r .............. .

moIim

uo/be, MopaMO pelin /ja nocTojn

m najynopHMjM

u nii)neyMopiiMjn n.tn.iß na Bo/i.y; aiKaBe, Koje oflpel)yjy CBano KpeTaH>e y OKBMpy

ApyniTBa; ano Ka^ceMO fla nocTojM noBMineHa CBecT o a/iTepHaTMBHMM HaHMHMMa flpyniTBeHe, Teo/ioniKe m ncMxo/iouiKe opraHM3au;Mje, Mopamo pefiM m fla nocTojw HOBa n0CBeheH0CT HaMeTaity KOHTpone tm x HaHMHa m, KOHaMHO, yHMHiTaBaiby obm x a/ixepHaTMBa. M o ^ fla je HajjeflHOCTaBHMje yoHMTM m pehM fla je y 16. BeKy, Kano M3rnefla, nocTojana noBehaHa caMOCBecT y n o n iefly oó/iMKOBaiba TbyflCKor MfleHTMTeTa Kao BeniTMHe, nocTynKa nofljioiacHor MaHMnynaijMjM. OBaKBa caMOCBecT ÓM/ia je pacnpocrpaH>eHa Mel)y e/iMTOM y aHTMHkom CBeTy, ann je xpMiuhaHCTBO flOHeno pacTyhy cyMH>y y Moh qoBeKa fla cáM ceóe oónMKyje: „P yxe flaite ofl ce ó e “, M3jaBM0 je ABrycTMH. „ÜOKymaj fla rpaflMiii cáM ceó e m M3rpaflMhein - pymeBMHy.“1 OBanaB CTaB HMje ómo jeflMHM y CTonehwMa Koja cy ycneflM/ia, anw je 6 mo yTmijajaH , a CHa»(Ha anTepHaTMBa none/ia je y noTnyHOCTM fla ce apTMKynwnie Ten noneTKOM MOflepHor nepuofla. Kafla CneHcep 1589. roflMHe oójaiiiHbaBa cMMcao BununcKe Kpa/buu,e m Rapice fla je tmm cneBOM HaMepaBao fla „oó;iMKyje rocnoflMHa“, mjim Kafl H>eroB BMTe3 Ka;iMflop M3jaBibyje fla je „y 6 why cBaKor HOBena... / fla oó;iMKyje concTBeHM >kmb o t“, m;im Kafl y jeflHOM ofl coHeTa M3 3ÓnpKe Aftiopemu CBojoj BOTBeHoj Ka>Ke: „3 apo6^>aBam mm mmcjim m oónMKyjeiii Me M3HyTpa“2 ,oh ce o cjiaib a Ha HapoHMTy KOHOTaijMjy Kojy je y H>eroBo BpeMe iiMao r/iaron o ó n u K o e a m u (fa s h io n ), pen Koja ce yonniTe He nojaB/byje y H ocepoBoj n o e 3Mjn. Kao TepMMH kojm 03 HanaBa flenaTHOCT mjim nocTynaK CTBapaH>a HapoHMTMx 0 fl7iMKa M3rnefla, oflpel)eHor CTM/ia mtim o ó p a cija , pen je ÓM/ia fly ro y ymyrpeÓM, ahm je , M3rnefla, y 16. BeKy oónuKoeawe yum o y niMpoKy ynoTpeóy Kao HaHMH fla ce 0 3 HaHM oó/iMKOBatbe concTBeHor MfleHTMTeTa. O bo 0 Ó7iMK0 BaH>e Mo^ce ce p a3yMeTM npMTiMHHO óyKBanho, Kao HaMeTatt>e timhhoctm TenecHor oó/iMKa - ,,3 ap Hac He oó/imKy je y yTpoÓM?“ nMTa Job y Bu.6nu.ju

Kpaiba IfejMca3, a o k cy 6 aÓMij;e y

1 AßrycTHH, nponoßefl 169, Haß. y Peter Brown, Religion and Society in the Age o f Sa­ int Augustine (London: Faber and Faber, 1972), 30. 2 Faerie Queene, „A Letter o f the Authors Expounding His Whole Intention in the Course o f this Worke“; Faerie Queene 6.9.31; Amoretti 8. HaBOflM M3 CueHcepoBe noe3nje fla™ cy npeMa The Works o f Edmund Spenser: A Variorum Edition, yp. Edwin Greenlaw

et al. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1 57). 3 Job 31: 15. OKC(})opflCKM peMHMK emvieCKOi j c : i n k n : i KOia c c n au oflc miioim ofl cneflehwx npwMepa, HaBOfln npeBOfl c Kpaja 16. iicmi 'I'pam tycKc aKtidcM iijc I,a Prim au d a y e-a: „CeM e... neflo6w o 6 /in iijeoflM ax no c m o p n i .y , itch ieMy“,aok I imko maiiOM >KeHeBCKOM npeBOfly HoBor 3 aBeTa M 3 1557. roflMHe hm|«M't )\>\ je XpwcTOc „yHaKa>KeH Aa 6 m Hac 06 ;iMK0 Ba0 , oh je yMpo 3 a Mill /KMhot“. AkO je XpMCTOC BpXOBHM y30p, OH HM y HOBOM 3aBeTy n••ii' imjo jcamhm: „CBMMa caM 6 mo CBe,“ Ka>Ke naBJie KopMHhaHMMa, I Inii.nmmoM npeBOfly, „Aa cnaceM MaKap jeflHora; cna6 MMa nocTaAOx ■•i*>imt6 ,Aa c/ia6 e npHAo6 MjeMK (1 Kop 9: 22). OBaj npMHU,Mn npM/ia|nhiimi«ii.a ommto HMje orpaHMHeH caMO Ha nponarMpaibe JeBaH^e^ba: y /II'inv Mydpocmu PnnapA TaBepHep (1539), Ha npMMep, Ka^ce fla ano it- i" ivc/iii fla creKHe 3Han>e m MCKycTBO y jaBHMM noc/ioBMMa, „Mopa i ii a *•’ynoAo6 M riOHamaH.y flpyrMX ^byflM“5,m OBaj caBeT ce HeyMopHO itflltiiwi.n. ( »Ahojeiio na OBaj HanMH

oa

onoHamaHba XpMCTa - a obo OABajaite,

i no hi i o Iicmo BMAeTM, Mo^ce Aa noACTaKHe nonpMTiMHHy crp en ib y - c a ­ A«6 nja hobm hm3 3HaHeita: oho o n n cy je oho ih to pa-

ll«......... f|| I'm»ah i tvi.li n|"

m

y iiMTen>M; n 0 B e 3 a H 0 j e c a MaHMpMMa

iii n p y i’MMa, napoHMTO n o H a m a ite M e/iMTe;

lim it |*M«*pje n ;m o6M aibM B aH .e,

c k /io h o c t

oho

m /im

noH am aH beM

MO^ce Aa yna>K e Ha

n p e M a nyKOM c n o T ta m ib e M

The Disciplines o f Criticism, yp . Peter llmmas ( Jivene n Lowry Nelson Jr. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), I n I - I 11Miiioik > no;ia:»MiUTe je rupflii.a I lniKe fla n s a p>|u itii 11 yo(»;inMu ( effingere) Kainvid I In ill, Parents and Children in History: 'the Psychology o f Family Life in ffiii/i Mudnn I ’r anee (New York: Basic Books, I‘>72), 132. OiaopflCKM pennMK ennie►Iti" ........ -a nano/m PoutloH' Pii'iapfla Ma/iKanepn: ,.Am> je o iafiocr o6;im je /lome" (sb 2a). Hit ImiiI I'avfi itci. i inhlrii o f Wisdom (l.omlon: I ii »9), llviiiv. 3a OBy HariOMeHy :»a*i ....... i i I’li'i.ip/tv liiiimtnuy, ..Tudor Altitudes Toward the Power of language“ (floi< ■ji h l ii |tin iipniia o MfloiriMTeTy, MO>Ke ce Hahn y

l i n t ! '' i

11*1 ini niti epniHMjtl, I llllvri«tily t ............ ..

CaM 006nuK 06 an>e y p en eca n cu

22

npeflCTaB7LaH>y; y K a 3 y je Ha npe,n;cTaB/i>aH>e HeHMje n p n p o fle m/im HaMepe

y

r o B o p y m/im Ha fle/iy.

A

c a npe,n;cTaB7baH>eM c e BpahaM O Ha kh>m-

^ceBHOCT, m/im, n p e , m o k c m o fla cxBaTMMo fla caM 006 /iMK0 BaH>e m3bo,[];m CBoj MHTepec yn p aB O M3 HMH>eHMu;e fla o h o 4>yHKu,MOHMme 6 e 3 o63M p a Ha o n iT p y pa3/iMKy M3Mel)y khjM ^kcbhoctm m flp yn iT B eH or >KMBOTa. O h o 6 e 3 M 3y3eTKa npe/ia3M rp aH M ijy M3Mel)y C T B a p a ita KH>M>KeBHMX /iMKOBa,

06 /iM KOBaita

co n cT B e H o r MfleHTMTeTa, flo>KMB/baja fla B ac o 6/iMKyjy cm-

/ie BaH B arn e KOHTpo/ie, n o K y m a ja fla o 6/iMKyjeTe m flp y re M#eHTMTeTe. H apaBH O ,

y KpMTMU(M c e

OBaKBMx rpaHM u;a C T p o ro npMflp^caBaMO, m c to

Kao i h t o cm o cnocoĆH M fla pa3/iMKyjeMO KH>M^ceBHM c tm /i m c tm /i

y no-

HamaH>y, a/iM MMHehn TaKO mm nnahaM O BMCOKy ijeH y je p noHMiieMO fla r y 6MMO o c e h a i t e 3a c/io^ceH e MHTepaKijMje 3HaHeH>a Mm

0 flBajaM 0

y

flaToj Ky/iTypM.

KH>M)KeBHM CMM6 o/iM3 aM ofl cmm 6 o/im hkm x CTpyK Typa

Koje y CBeMy flpyroM fle/iyjy, Kao ,n;a je caMO yMeTHOCT /Ly«CKa T B o p eBMHa, K ao fla caMM

ibyjiyi

HMcy, KaKO Ka>Ke K nM ^opfl Tepu,, Ky/iTypHM

apTe(J)aKTM .6

,,He nocTojM /tyflCKa npMpofla He3aBMCHa ofl Ky/iType,“ nMine Tepu;, MMcnehM nofl Ky/iTypOM He Hajnpe Ha „KOMn/ieKce KOHKpeTHMX o 6pa3au,a noHamaH.a - oĆMnaje, ynoTpe 6e, Tpa^MijMje, CKynoBe HaBMKa“ - Beh, npe, CBera Ha ,,CKyn kohtpo/ihmx MexaHM3aMa - n/iaHOBe, penenTe, npaBM/ia, ynyTCTBa... - 3a ynpaB/i>aibe noHamaHbeM.“7 TaKO je o 6nwKOBaH>e MfleHTMTeTa peHecaHCHa Bep3Mja obmx MexaHM3aMa kohTpo/ie, Ky/iTypHM cmctcm 3HaHeH>a KojM CTBapa cnenM^MMHe jeflMHKe ynpaB/bajyhM npo/iacKOM ofl ancTpaKTHor noTeHijnja/ia Ka KOHKpeTHOM MCTOpMjCKOM OTe/IOB/beH>y. KH>M)KeBHOCT 4>yHKU;MOHMnie y OKBMpy oB or cM deM a Ha TpM Mel)yco 6HO noBe3aHa HaHMHa: Kao MaHM(J)ecTau;Mja K0HKpeTH0r noHainaiba oflpel)eHor nMcu,a, Kao caM M3pa3 KOflOBa KojMMa je

06/iMK0BaH0 noHainaH>e m Kao pe(j)/ieKCMja o obmm KOflOBMMa.

TyMaHeH>a Koja caM noKym ao fla flaM y nornaB/tMMa Koja c/iefle Mopajy ce TMu;aTM CBaKe

03; OBe TpM (J)yHKLi;Mje. A ko ce TyManeEbe orpaHMHa-

Ba Ha noH aniaite ayTopa, o h o nocTaje KH>M>KeBHa 6Morpa(|)Mja (6m/io Ha y o 6MHajeHO McropnjcKM, m/im ncnxoaHa/iMTMHKM HanMH), m pM3MKyje ry 6MTaK o c e h a ita 3a niMpe Mpe^ce 3HaHeK>a y KojMMa y iiecTByjy m ayTop m HberoBa fle/ia. A ko ce naK khjM ^ccbhoct nocMaTpa MCK/byHMBO Kao W3-

pa3 ,n;pyniTBeHMx npaBM/ia n ynyTCTaBa, OHa pn:»MKyje #a je M^eo/ioniKa Haflrpafliba n 0TnyH 0 a n co p 6yje. CaM Mapia ce om rpo o n y n n p a o

0B0j 4>yHKnM0 Ha/iH0j a n co p n n n jii yMeTiiocT m, a Kacu uja MapKCMCTMHKa 6 ClifFord Geertz, The Interpreta! ion of(. uli m rs (Ncvv York: Basic Itook.s, 1973), 51, 7 Ibid., 44 ,49.

23 I • iri'MKa, ynpKOC CBOjoj CHa3M M COCjjMCTMIJMpaHOCTM, HMKafla HMje Ha (n ^oiio/baB ajyhM HanwH p a3p eu iM ;ia T eop n jcK e n p o 6neMe n ocraB T b eH e V(h

HoaaMa

m flp y r ^ e .8 KoHaMHO, aKO c e kh>m^k6b h o c t bmam caMO K ao

Mw iiojeiia p e(J)n eK cnja o n peoB7ial)yjyhM M KOflOBMMa noHamaHba m c b o -

kii 11.1 nor/iefl c a 6e36eflH e yn;a7beHOCTM, mm apacTMHHO yMaibyjeMO c b o I* » itaiiUbe KOHKpeTHMX 4)yHKu;Mja yMeTHOCTM y OflHOCMMa c nojeflM H I( itm>i h ycraH O BaM a, a nun',

06 a

c e C K yn /b ajy y o 6 a B e 3 H y „MCTopwjcKy n o 3 a -

iyn;cKoj cyniTMHM, m/im, ajiTepHaTMBHo, KOHijenTy

lyitm oM H or, Ha c e 6 e ycM ep eH or, 3aT B o p eH o r CMCTeMa - y 06 a c /r y q a ja |•» 'i jr o yMeTHOCTM Kao cynpoTHOCTM flp yu iT B eH or >KMBOTa. 0 6 h m k o -

m.* 11••* ioiiCTBeHor MfleHTMTeTa TaKO n o c T a je TeMa caMO 3 a c o ijM o n o ra jy , li 11.11/IvCBHOCT 3 a KHjM»;eBHy KpMTMKy.

It

V m ci t o

Tora, noKymao

c a M ^ a c e 6 a B M M a H T p o n o n o u iK O M K pM TM -

Hiim

u o jii B M iu e na>KH>e o 6 p a h a H a K y n T y p y -

liiiMt

o i i ^ e MMCTiMMO H a T y M a n e i b a K y / i T y p e K o ja c y flan M r e p u ;, I J e jM C

aKO n o #

„ a H T p o n o ;io -

ElyII.

M e p w / l , a r n a c , > K a H ^ m b m h jO , n o n

Pa6M H O B , B m k to p T a p H e p

m

•iIm i it ’ O b m a y T o p M H e c r a j y , aK O 6 m c t c m x n v n a j i i / i , n o # MCTy 3 a c T a B y ,

•

.................... M n ib e

^ene mctm HayHHM MeTOfl, a;iM mm je 3ajeflHMHKO y B ep e-

ii.• a,.i» y ;i.y;\n pol)eHM Kao „HeflOBpmeHe >KMBOTMH>e“, fla cy MMH>eHMu,e •Miitm.i Maibe y^a/beHe o# yMeTHOCTM Hero ih to t o M3rnefla, a a cy m imi |•. I), iic* Ky/iType m nocMaTpaHM obmx Ky/iTypa HeM3 6 e>KHO yByneHM y m« ia(|)0 pMHK0 cxBaTaH>e CTBapHOCTM, fla aHTponononiKO TyManeibe Piiin.« i pc 6 n Aa ce 6 aBM MexaHMKOM o 6 MHaja m ycraHOBa, a BMiiie k o h . i |m i. nwjuMa TyManeHja Koje npMnaflHMijM flpyniTBa npMMeibyjy Ha ^um|ii in KycTua. UpoynaBaKbe KHbM>KeBHOCTM Koje je cktioho OBaKBoj

I u I Mnrx: ( irundrisse: Foundations o f the Critique o f Political Economy, npeB. M ar•1li. itltlUH (New York: Vintage, 1973), 110-111. IliiM ( 'lillonl Cleertz, '¡he Interpretation o f Cultures m Islam Observed (New Haven: !i i InlvriNlly Press, 1968); James Boon, From Symbolism to Structuralism: Lévi-Strauss .i I ih hit r Tradition (Now York: Harper & Row, 1972) n The Anthropological Rom aniiI thill IW 7-I972: Dynamic Perspectives in Marriage and Caste, Politics and Religion • •••In lily,'’ ( 'nmhridge University Press, 1977); Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An hitl i .'/ ■••. 11 I'irv,, I‘>77), Vlilm I'urner, Dramas, i'iehls and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in IIIan \t lelv ( Illia« a: ( •*i nell I Jnlversity Press, 1974) u Hie Ritual Process: Structure an d n luietnie (llhtint, ( m mill I lulverslty Press, 1969),

C aM ooön u K oeaw e y p en eca n cu

24

n p aK C M M o p a 6 m tm c ß e c H O c o n c T B e H o r c T a T y c a : T y M a n e it a m H a M e p e fla c e KH>M>KeBHOCT p a 3 y M e K a o f le o CMCTeMa 3H aK O B a k o jm h m h m fla T y K y n T y p y ; H>eH m c tm h c k m u y ii b , ko/ im ko r o f l j e t o T eniK O cxB aT M T M , j e CTe n o e m u K a K y n m y p e . O ß a K a B n p n c T y n j e Hy>KHO JK O H r/ m paube - m cn p a B Jb a H > e C B a n e o fl KHO j e h c h m c t : H > eroB a r n a B H a ö p u r a c n p e n a ß a r a f la jeflH O M s a y ß e K o flB o jM je fla H T u n flM C K ypc a o fl f l p y r o r , m/im f la H a o fl/ iy n y jy h M Ha^MH o flB o jM f le ;i a yM eTH OCTM o fl y M O B a m Ä M B O T a k > m x obm x T B o p a u ;a m i t M x o B e nyö/ iM K e. H a p a B H O , M eHe m f l a j h e 3aH M M ajy n o c / ie fln u ,e yM eTH M M K or n p e f l c r a B / b a i b a K a o o c o 6 e H e zbyßC K e a K T M B H o e r n - L U e K c n n p o B o n p n K a3M B aH > e y O m e n y jy H a K a K o jw c e c a M C T B a p a m y H M iH T aB a H M je H a n p o c T O m c t o b c t h o c o h m m o 6 p a c u ,M M a caM O O Ö /iM KO Baiba m c a M o n o H M iH T e ita K o je M C Tpa>K yjeM y K a p w je p a M a HeKOJiMi^MHe o fla ö p a H M X a y T o p a - a ; i n , HaHMH f l a c e

Mcrpa-

>Ke O B e n o cT ieflH i^ e H M je hm y n o p M ija ifc y c ß a K o r o flH O ca M 3M et)y f lp a M e m f lp y n iT B e H o r >KMBOTa, h m tm y n o T B p ^ M B a H .y fla j e T a j flp y u iT B e H M > k m b o t „ C T B a p n o c e ö n “, He3aBMCHO o fl T y M a^ eH > a. f lp y n iT B e H O f le / ia ite j e , ca M O n o ceÖM , y ß e K yK /ionn>eH O y c n c r e M e ja B H M x 0 3 H a H a ß a n .a , y ß e K c e c x ß a T a , n a K m k o a o h m x KojM r a C T ß a p a jy , y HMHy T y M a n e i t a , flOK c y p e n n K o je ^MHe f le n a k h jM ^ c c b h o c t m o K ojM M a O B fle ro ß o p M M O caM OM C B o jo M n p n p o flO M caM OOH eßM flH O n o T B p ^ M B a w b e cnM H H e y K n o n ;b e H O c t m . Je3M K j e , K a o m flp y r M c m c tc m m 3H aK O B a, K on eK T M B H a K O H crp y K ijM j a ; H a m 3 a fla T a K TyM aH eH>a M o p a 6 h t m M H o r o oceT/BM BM je c a m e f la B a K b e n o c n e flM U ,a O Be H M raeH M ije, MCTpa>KMBaH>eM KaKO f lp y n i T B e H o r n p e f l C T aB /taK ba KH>M>KeBHor T eK C T a C B eT y T a K o n flp y u iT B e H e n p n c y T H O c t m C B e T a y KH.M^ceBHOM TeK CTy. KH>M>KeBHM t c k c t o c T a je cp efln iiiH b M n p e flM e T M o je na>KH>e y o ß o j CTyflM jw o c a M 0 0 6 ;iM K 0 BaHby fle^ O M 3aTO niT O c e H aflaM fla h e O B a n o n ia B / b a n o K a s a m KaKO j e B en M K a yM eTH OCT M 3y3eT H O oceTJL H B M p e r w c T a p c / i o k c h m x 6 o p 6 w n xap M O H M ja K y n T y p e , a fle n o M 3aTO h i t o c e M o h TyM anefta K o jy MMaM, o f lp e l) e H a MojMM CKTioHOCTMMa m B e > K 6 a ib e M , o c n o 6 a l ) a

y casBy'-ijwMa

k h iM ^ c c b h o c t m .

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c a K a o TyManeiba, OBa cß ecT M o p a fla c e n p o T e r H e Ha n p w x B a r a H > e H e-

MoryhHOCTM n o r a y H o r peKOHCTpyMcaH>a

m

npoflwpaiba y K y / iT y p y 16.

BeKa, Ha ocraB ;i> aH > e 3a c o ö o m con cT B en e C M T y au M je: CByfla j e y kh>m3m OHMrneflHO fla c y nnTaHba K o ja nocTan;i.aivt o chom M a 'r e p w ja n y , K a o m o n p n p o flM

0 B0 r

M a T e p n ja / ia ,

o 6 /iwcouaua n m .u i.M M a iKMM ofl obmx iiciwt roh.i oßaK B or npMCTyna

on o i y nena, a MOWfla m np/i wna

a ;in caM iiokynino fla iiafloKHaflmvi nco^pcl)eHOCT

25 iiiM ioT n yH O C T K o j y OHe C T B a p a jy c r a n H M M B p a h a i b e M H a K O H K p e T H e

ii

■ M in o re m K O H K p eT H e C H T y a i^ n je , H a M a T e p iija T iH e Hy>KHOCTM m f l p y -

iii i noue npMTMCKe c K ojM M a ce M y m K a p ijM m >KeHe CBaKM flaH c y o n a B a jy , ii.i

ii

m ü /im

6 p o j p e30H aH T H M X TeK C T O Ba. C B aK M Ofl

o bm x

T eK C T O Ba n o -

•m>i i pa ce Kao >KapnuiHa Ta^Ka KOHBepreHTHMX /iMHMja CM/ie y KynTyI m U>. n c K a ; HbMxoB 3Hanaj 3a Hac HMje y TOMe lu to m o jk c m o fla b m r m m o h/»i» • h . m x OHe n o 3aflM H C K e m n p e T x o f l e h e MCTOpMjCKe n p n H ijM n e , B e h

111" • y roMe l u t o MO>KeMO fla TyM anM M O M e l)y M rp y H jH x o b m x c m m ô o h m h -

rpyKTypa c OHMMa BMfl/bMBMM y K a p w je p a M a h> m xobm x a y T o p a m y

KM s i

i n 111h’m

flpyniTBy, K o ja mmhm je fla H cn o ^ ce H n p o i j e c c a M O O ô n n K O B a ib a ,

h n.i c e , n o cp e flC T B O M 0 B 0 r T y M a n e ib a , np nônM JK M M O p a 3 y M e B a ti> y t o -

i m m k o cy ce y o b o j K y n T y p M o6n M K O B an M KH>M:>KeBHM m flp y u iT B e H M mm.

HTMTeT. T o jecT, K a^pM c m o fla n o cT M rH eM O KOHKpeTHO cxBaTaKbe

u«m /it-flMHa n o /byflCKO M 3pa:>KaBaEbe -

no

ja

-

c n e n n ^ M H H o r oÔTiM Ka

M oIim , m oIïm y m c t o B p e M e n 0 K a n M 3 0 B a H e y O flpel)eH M M y c T a H O B a M a -

Mi“ »I*y» npK BM , K o n o H M ja n H o j y n p a B M , n a T p n ja p x a n H o j nopoflM U jM -

m

|iti;wiMHCHe y M fleo / io u iK e C T p y K T y p e 3HaHeH>a, KapaKTepM CTM H H e HaHMiM m i|)a>iKeBHOCTM MMajy TOKHby fla

CBeT BMfle

i i«o i Kii.M>KeBHe y3ope, a flenoM m 3aTO u ito cy HaniM concTBeHM >kmiii m m

cacBM M 0 flB 0 je H 0 ofl n p o ^ ecM O H an H e fle ^ o p M a ijM je - 3 a c M h e -

IIM yMCTHMHKM OÔTIMKOBaHMM flO JK M B /bajM M â. A K O y OnMCMBaH>y CBO jM X

II I m o ra CTa/IHO KOpMCTMMO M3ÓOp M 0 6 nMK 0 BaH>e, aKO MHCMCTMpaMO m i im m a jy M 3BecH M X „ n p e o K p e T a “ mhm „K pM 3a“ mtim, y r n e f l a jy h n c e H a • l'i'o jflo H MyBeHM ca B p eM eH M n p n M e p , Ha o c H O B y C o(j)O K / iO B e T p a r e f l M je iMip.nv lep M iu eM O 3ajeflH M M K y „ n o p o flM H H y p o M a H c y “, OH fla HM je M 3H e( iiil)y jy h e i j i t o k o p m c tm m o c/iMHaH M 3 0 o p H ap aT M B a K a fla pa3M M in7i> aMo o lajeflHMHKOM MCTopMjcKOM n o p e K / iy . Y r io K y u i a jy f la 3aBM pM M O y i i n .ip a ib e M fleH TM Te'ra y e H r/ ie c K o j p e H e c a n c M mm c e He m o> k cm o 3 a f l o »10/1.h tm CTaTMCTMMKMM T aÓ eT iaM a, HMTM CMO flOBO/bHO CTpnTbMBM f la

• tii/iho npMuaMO XM/bafle npMLia, c He3HaTHMM pa3/iMKaMa. ripoóneM HMje

i

aiMO HeflocTaraK CTpn/beii>a Beh

u p n i ia

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x w /b a fly ,

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m npn TOMe yonuiTe

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M.ir/iefla, hm.iiv y icü h

flo c ra

ofl ouora m ro iiaM je iio rp eó n o ,

K o ju

C aM ooön u K oeaw e y p en eca n cu

26 mcto

To/unco Harpal)yjy CHa>KHy,

na>KH>y,

ko /imko

o 6e-

haB ajy npncTyn mnpMM KyjiTypHMM o6pacE(MMa. M

mctimm a a t o i h t o o h m

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obm m

m

TiMKOBMMa

Ha

b o t lh m , mtim a c t im m m h h o b o jb h m

k o jm ,

m

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K Ba/iM TeT

KaKO n p e T n o cT a B T ta M O n o a H a n o rM jii c a

H aM a caM M M a, caMM 6 w p a j y u o 6/iM K y jy , u M 3 rn e ^ a

aa

c e K p eh y npeM a

HajoceTTLMBiijMM no,n;pyHjM M a c o n c T B e H e K y n T y p e , KaKO 6 m M 3 p a 3 Mhm

m

n a K CMMin/beHO OTenoBMTiM H>eHa B /ia,n ,ajy h a 3afl0B 0n > C T B a u C Tpenn>e. B o /b a fla 6 y a y n i a c K y /iT y p e - fla c T B o p e a n c T p a K T H e u K paT K e xp oH M K e B p eM eH a - M el)y yM eTHM ijM M a j e y o 6 n H a je H a , a hm c e T a M c r a B o ; t a M O * e n p o T e rH y T M u M3BaH yMeTHOCTM. M / im n p e , H a n o n e T K y ho ct

16.

B e K a yM eT -

H e n p e T e H f ly je H a ayTOHOM wjy; n n c a H a p e n j e caM O C BecH O y K n o -

n /b e H a y o p ;p el)eH e 3ajeflH M ije, >k m b o t h c C M T yaijH je, C T p y K T y p e M o h u . M

m

HeMaMO H en o cp eflH M n pM C T yn

obm m

TiMKOBMMa

m / im

K y/iT yp M K o jy

fle /ie , a / m j e onepaTM BH M y c /i o B C B aK o r n>yflCKor p a 3 y M e B a n > a p a H aniM X caB peM eH M K a mo

n o c p e f la H n p M C T yn ,

k o / im k o m

m /im

to bo -

n n c a i f c a n p e M M H y /m x - Taj ^ a MMa-

6 a p « a C B o je KOHCTpyKu;Mje flO K M B/baBaM O

K a o npo^KMBTbeHe eK BM B a/ieH T e 0 B a K B 0 r n p M C T y n a.

y Be3M ca oco6aM a

M3

16. BeKa Ha Koje ce ycpep;cpel)yje OBa cryflMja,

Tpe6a p,a npMMeTMMO je#aH 3ajeflHMHKM HMHM/iaij KojM Mo^ce fla noMorHe y o6janiH.eHjy h > m xo b c cnMcaTe/bCKe oceT/bMBOCTM Ha KOHCTpyMcan.e MfleHTMTeTa: cbm o h m , Ha OBaj m/im OHaj HaHMH, o/iMMaBajy cyniTMHCKy n0KpeT7bMB0CT. m

y BehMHM c7iynajeBa OBa noKpemnBOCT je flpyniTBeHa

eKOHOMCKa: M op, cm h npM/iMHHO ycneuiH or n0Hfl0HCK0r a^BOKaTa,

n o cT aje BMTe3, npeflce^HMK /Joiber ^OMa, KaHije/iap B0jB0#CTBa JlaHKaCTep, eKOHOM yHMBep3MTeTa KeM6pMij[ m, KOHaHHO, nopfl KaHu;e/iap E h r/iecKe, noBepeHMK XeHpMja V I I I ; CneHcep, cm h CKpoMHor HaflHMnapa cno6oflH>aKa y npefly3ehy MepHanm Tejnop, nocTaje 3HanajaH k o /io h m ja/iHM 3eM7bonoce3HMK KojM ce y Kpa/beBCKMM flOKyMeHTMMa onMcyje Kao „ ro cn o flM H KojM oĆMTaBa y OKpyry KopK“10, Map/io, cm h o6yhapa m napoxM jcKor c/iy)K6eHMKa L(pKBe CBeTe M a p n je y KeHTep6epMjy, flMnnoMMpa Ha yHMBep3MTeTy KeMĆpni,! - lu to je cKpoMHMjM ycnoH, a/iM je MnaK ycnoH; IIIeKcnMp, cm h MMyhHor pyKaBMnapa, y cn eo je #a npe^ Kpaj CBoje KapMjepe CTeKHe nopoflMHHM rp 6 Ha MMe CBor ou,a m ^a KynM flpyry no Be/iMHMHM Kyhy y CTpaTcj)opAy. Cbm ohm Ta/ieH TO BaH M Jhyp,vi

10 Haß. yyBOfly E. de Selincourt, Spenser IW tku l Works, yp. J. (: Sm ilim l\. dcSelin court (London: Oxford University Presu. I'M2), hhhvlll

27 ii

i c pefltt>e K/iace MCKopanMTiM c y M3 TecHO Mci^pTaHe flpyniTBeHe c(J)epe

V « lie r Koju mm je flOHeo 6/mcKe Be3e ca MohHMMa m Be/iMKMMa. TaKol)e l'pcôa pehM p,a cy cbm 6m/im y no/um ajy ^¡a npM/iMHHO ßoöpo no3Hajy I h o n e KojM HeMajy Moh, cra T y c, hm 06p a30B aH > e. C a T mha ^ om MMaMO lloi /ia ne c a noKpeT/bMBomhy Ha ro p e , y yoÔMHajeHOM coi^motiouikom i m moi y, Beh

ca M3y3eTHO CHa>KHOM reorpacJ)CKOM m MfleononiKOM n o -

• l»n ;i.M Bom hy, c npe/iacKOM KaTOJiMHKor CBeniTeHMKa y n p o T e c r a H T a , I m i hiocrep u iM p a y KOMe je >KMBe/ia H>eroBa ycneuiH a c ;io 6 oflH>aHKa c e I

m.

Ml IIOpOflMIia y JIOHflOH, a 3aTMM M y nporOHCTBO Ha KOHTMHeHTy, M3

i»-

111,1‘iajHOCTM y onacHy cnaBy BOfleher jepeTMKa. KoHaHHO, c BajaTOM,

•IM)a ce nopoflMija y3flMrvia y CTaTycy m óoraTCTBy TeK y npeTxoflHOM llniKo/ieity, MMaMO HeyMopHy noKpeTJbMBOCT - OpaHijycKa, I4Ta/mja,

Il Iu.i mmja, OnaHflpwja - jeflHor flMn/ioMaTe.

IJ..I «ne, rnecT nMcaija Koje OBfle pa3MaTpaM M3MeniTeHO je Ha 3HanajaH I iiii'i u u M3 craÔMTiHor, Hacne^eHor flpyniTBeHor CBeTa, m cbm Ha CHa^caH i 11 \ i u naja h

HaHMH MaHM^ecTyjy acneKTe peHecaHCHor caMOOÔnMKOBa-

I II.il, A/im, acneKTM HMnoniTO HMcy mctm. HapaBHO, Moja opraHM3au;Mja \ h u.u im 3aBMCM ofl cxBaxaKba flBe paflMKajme aHTMTe3e, oæ Kojnx CBana V i y na u p e « o io jk c h m m TpefiMM MCKa30M y KOMe ce ono3M u;M ja n o H a -

HM..I m iipeoô/iMKyje: cyKOÔ M3Mel)y M o p a m TiiHfl/ia noHOBO ce jaBjba y

I ii u h y Najara, cyKoô M3Meî)y CneHcepa m Map/ioa y IIIeKoiMpoBOM nMKy. i i|.u ne noflM>Ke cynpoTCTaB/beHOCT M opa m TMHflna Ha bmiiim hmbo, ii

Hi.i cy noc;ieflMi4e Te cynpoTCTaBTbeHOCTM flyÓMHCKM yTMijane Ha H>e-

I i ..... i i .iMoo 6nMKOBaH>e; IIIeK cnnp He p a 3peinaBa ecTeTCKM m M opanH M I |vh o 6 i nojcTBeH flenMMa C neH cepa m M ap n o a, Mafla KberoBo n o 3opw-

...... , en mi'MaTMHHO, flenyje c a 06 e no3Mii;Mje. ü p e he 6mtm fla BajaT m

III* lu imp y CBOjMM KH.M5KCBHMM fleTIMMa M3pa>KaBajy, MHOrO CHaÂHMje I iini'o 611/10 ko Ofl HjMxobmx caBpeMeHMKa, MCTOpwjcKM npMTMcaK H epa3l p* iiunoi m rpajHor cyKOÔa. IÜTaBMiiie, nMTatt>a nocT aB /teH a Ha T eo/io! in i««im iiiiBoy y /je/iMMa Mopa m TMHflna noHaBJbajy ce Ha ceKy/iapHOM I u u m iy y ^e/iMMa !

CneHcepa m Mapjioa, flOK IIIeKcnMp y Omeny mÆpyrwM

1*•m11Mil

iierpa>Kyje ceK cya/m e c r p e n i t e koa M yu iK ap aija - c T p a x o a h 3 -

m•«i• , » yi

iipe:ian>e m oc/io6al)aH>e arpecMje, noBepaBaH>e caynecHMiiiTBa

V i ii " ii l jo j M y im - M 3pa>KeHey ßajaTOBM M CTMXOBMMa.

Mo;iaBaH>a. C / im h h o

I 11»Mr, mi i/KCMo Aa ympAMMo n p a n a u 'KCBiia Ae/ia y c n o » i ii mi /m y miM in hi'viiitm om: aaoK pei

y rori;iiCHOCTM y :«ajcvu'nny,

CaM 006nuK06 a w e y p en ecan cu

28

penMrMjy, mtim flMnnoMaTMjy, npeMa ycnocTaBTbaH>y KH>n>KeBHor ctbep a ita Kao 3ace6He npo(J)ecMje. Atim, MopaMO ^a npM3HaMO fla oBaKBe npM6^M>KHe m cxeMaTCKe KapTorpakmmo ayTopMMa m h>mxobmm fleTiMMa, ohm MaH>e M3rneflajy Kao noroflHM MrpaHM Ha bctimkom MeTopMjeKOM nnaHy. Hm3 npoMeH7bMBMX, HecTa6MHHMx npMTMcaKa cycpehe ce ca pa3HOBpcHMM flMCKyp3MBHMM oflroBopMMa, peaKijMjaMa y noHamaH^, M3yMMMa m KOHTpanpMTMCI^MMa.

He nocTojM HMiiiTa nonyT je^He „MCTopnje M^eHTMTeTa“ y 16. BeKy, ocmm Kao np0M3B0fl Harne noTpe6e fla cno>KeHa m KpeaTMBHa 6Mha CBefleMO Ha 6e36eflHy BpcTy Koja ce MO»e KOHTpOTiMcaTM. O Ba KHbMra Hehe noHyflMTM HMKaKBO CBeo6yxBaTHO „o6janiH>eH>e“ caM 006TiMK0BaH>a y eHrnecKoj peHecaHCM; CBaKO nornaBTbe je 0CMMiu/i>eH0 3a ce 6 e, Kao MCTpa>KMBaH>e HMjM cy o6pMCM o6/iMKOBaHM HauiMM cxBaTaH>eM cnenM(J)MHHe CMTyau;Mje ayTopa mtim TeKCTa. Me!)yTMM, mojkcmo fla 3aKTby-

hmmo c HaBot)eH>eM BnaflajyhMX ycnoBa 3ajeflHMHKwx BehMHM npMMepa caM 006/iMK0BaH>a - 6 mtio caMMX ayTopa 6 mtio h>mxobmx TiMKOBa - KojM ce OBfle McnMTyjy: 1. H mko ofl pa3MaTpaHMX He HacTiei)yje TMTy/iy, CTapo nopo#MHHO npeflaube

mtim

nono>Kaj y xMjepapxnjM KojM 6 m Morao ,n;a yKopeHM H>eroB

TIMHHM MfleHTMTeT J MfleHTMTeT 6paTCTBa MTIM CTa/IOKa. C flenMMMHhmm M3y3eTKOM BajaTa, cbm obm nMcu,M npMnaflajy cp e^ iboj KTiacn. 2 .CaM0 0 6 nMK0 BaKbe 3a h>mx yK^ynyje noTHMH>aBaH>e anconyTHoj moh n mtim ayTopMTeTy, KojM cy 6ap actimmmhho CMeniTeHM M3BaH o co 6 e - Bor, CBeTa KH>Mra, ycTaHOBa nonyT npKBe, ffBopa, K0Ti0HMjanHe mtim BojHe ynpaBe. M apno je M3y3eTaK, a/iM je KberoBO CHa»;HO HenpMjaTeTbCTBO npeMa XMjepapxMjcKoj B/iacTM, Kao u ito heMO bm«e-

tm, MMa/io HeniTO on CM/ie noTHMH>aBaH>a.

3.

CaMOOć/iMKOBaibe ce nocTM>Ke y o#Hocy c hchmm iiito Ba Kao CTpaHO, Tyl)e mtim HenpMjaTeTbCKO. O bo npeTehe bpyzo - jepetmk, flMB/baK, BeiiiTMna, npezby6 HMii;a, M3flajHMK, Ahtmxpmct - Mopa ce OTKpMTM MTIMM3MMCTIMTM, KaKO 6m 6 mTIO HanaflHyTO MyHMUITeHO.

4 . A yTopM TeT 3aMMiHTba Tyl)MHa mtim K ao HeoĆTiMKOBaHor mtim xaoTM H-

H or ( H e n o c T o ja ite n o p e T K a ) mtim K ao n o rp e u iH O r mtim H eraTM BH or (fleMOHCKa n a p o flM ja n o p e T K a ). D o i i n o oiim cm Tyt)MHa HeM36e>KHO Te>Ke

a r a o p ra H M 3 y jy mtim TeM aTM 3yjy, xa0TMMH0 c t u t i h o ktim3m y

AeMOHCKO, m KOHanHO ce ryl)WH yi»c*iv ivoiic i p y n m c K ao m iaBajy Kao yHyTapH>e Hy>KHocTM, m

noTHMH>aBaH>e m yHmnTeH>e yBeK Beh noyHyTpeHM.

(AiMoo67iMKOBaH>e ce yBeK, naKO He

mck^

hmbo ,

oflBMja y je3MKy.

II). M oh reH epM caH a pa,n;M H a n a /ja Ha Tyi)MHa y HMe ayTopw T eTa n p e K o McpHa je , u npeflC TaBn.a npeTH>y 3 a ayTopwTeT k o ju T p e 6 a ^ a

6 paHM.

( ) ryA caMOOĆnuKOBaHbe yBeK o 6y x B a T a M3BecTaH flOKMBTbaj n p e T n.e, HeuiTO n oB /ian eib a y no3aflM H y mjim noflpnBaH>a, M ano r y 6 nTK a

ce6e. PaflM cyMMpaH>a obm x oncepBaijMja, npe Hero i h t o ce 0 KpeHeM0 6 oi .i riiM >KMBOTMMa mflejiMMa Koju mx ynoflo6;i>yjy n yc/io>KH>aBajy, MO*emo p eh u na ce caM 00 6 /mK0 Baii>e jaB/ba y TanKM cycpeTa ayTopMTeTa m i v l)m ia , fla o h o i h t o Hacraje H3 0 B0 r cycpeTa MMa u yfleo ayTopnTeTa m \A‘‘< > ryl)HHa k o ju je MeTa Hana^a, m fla OTyfl CBaKii nocTMrHyTM MfleHi n re r yBeK y ce6 w MMa 3HaKOBe concTBeHor noflpMBaiba mtim ry 6nTKa.

3 a CTOJiOM ym eflH H K a:

M oposo

caM 0 0 6 n n K 0 BaH»e

7

m

caM o n o H H u iTeib e

, Je ^ M H C T seH a y n o r a “

liciepa KOff Kap^MHana By;i3Mja. IbflMHaMa KacHMje, y Tayepy, Mop i - »cha OBe npwnwKe m npeo6nnKyje je y YmeiuHOM pa32oeopy (A D ialo t'lh o f C om fort A gainst Tribulation) Kao „Beceny npMHy“, jeflHy ofl ohmx inrpcTCKMX mana KojwMa je npoTKaHO KberoBO Hajo36MJbHMje fle/io. 111m i'ia n ^ e A a n e K O y H a 3 a f l , y n p o n u i o c T K o ja j e y n p e T e h o j TaM M 1 5 3 4 . n >n mu e

M o p y M o n i a M 3rn eflaT M totobo M M TCKa, o ^ M r p a B a c e M H o r o

■ uioMa i t e r o B e K a p n j e p e , c ;iO M a H M T a B o r

111

H>eroBor

C B eTa. M o ^ f l a je

id it) t o / i m k o 3 H a M a jH 0 iiiT o M fle f lo B p e M e H a K a f la j e M o p O flnyH M O ^ a

Oh

tit mom lie C B o jy K a p w je p y .

in u n\

M /ia f lw h a ,

it

>Ke;tHor

u j /j e p a : y B e p 3 n j n

o n w c y je c e 6 e K ao a M 6 n ijM 0 3 H 0 r, n a M e T -

f la o c T a B M f l o 6 a p y T M c a K ,

M3

a/r a

M CTO BpeM eH O m

M3

M a u i T e , oh j e n o c e T M /ia u ; K ojw

M a l)a p c K e

u< mi,i in y H e M a n K y . P a3M eT ib M B M n p e n a T - O H M rne^H O B y n 3 M I*

no coiicxBeHoj

(hi n iv ia M a j(it

oneKyjyhw fla

n.i MUCKpeTaH ...

in ra

H an w H

r a toctm

XBane.

3anoHHe TeMy,

r io iH T O j e

hobck

n iroBopwo CBoj ;iacKaBM

y3anyfl

Benepa

tckct .

noK ym aB ao

m p a3ro B o p c y

je 3 a n a o y TaKO fly6oKe

mao i iei e r 0 B 0 M r o B o p y .

ii ii /io npeKMHyTii: „CBaKM ih

Tor

n p o n e H M , o f l p ^ a o TaK O flM B aH r o B o p f la j e c e f l e o K a o

toct ,

mmc/im ^ a

6m

jeflaH 3a flpy-

Kap;a je M/iaflM M op o^M rpao OBy

\ Dialogue o f Comfort /[gainst Tribulation, yp. Louis L. Mart/, n Frank Manley, The I .¡'hie Works of St lhomii\ More 12 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976), 213. II v)(il»i.r i r liaitOflM iwtn I 'ilO/UUia i>C/IU.

32

CaM 006nuK 0 e a w e y p en ecan cu

ynory, 6mo je cnrypaH fla je t o flo6po ypaflMO, yTOJiMKO BMine iu to je n0T0M Tpe6ano fla roB opn cBeuiTeHMK HesHa/iMija. Anu, CBeurreHMK (npeBa3Miuao m nooieflKbM roBopHMK, ,,flo6pM, CTapM, yBa>KeHM nacKaBau,“ Koju, Kafla je yBMfleo «a He MO>Ke fla HaflMaiim Beh M3peneHe npoMMinn>eHe KOMn/iMMeHTe, HMje M3r0B0pM0 hm pen, „Hero je, Kao fla ra je noTepa/io y paj flMB7beH>e MyflpocTM m enoKBeHijMjM Kojy je Moj rocnoflap mmtioctmbo M3ycTMO y cbom roBopy, McnycTMO flyr y3flax, y3 jeflHO o x ’ M3 fly6MHe n/iyha, m noflurao o 6e pyKe, u niaBy, y n p o ohm npeMa He6y, m 3ajeu,ao“ (215-216). K otim ko je MHoro Mopa y 0B0j KpaTKoj npMHn! Ta])eH.e Hafl CBeniTeHMKOM He3Ha;mijoM Kojw ,,yonniTe He roBopM naTMHCKu“ u Hafl 6oraTMM, oTMeHMM KapflMHanoM, nooieflibe cy MCKpe ral)ett>a 0B0r xyMaHMCTe Hafl 3 n o y n o T p e 6 a M a cBeuiTeHCTBa, Koje je Henafla flenno ca Epa3MOM m Koje cy HeKaKO npe>KMBene neTHaecT roflMHa oropneHMX aHTMnpOTecTaHTCKMx noneMMKa. IlpM3op npM3MBa 6oraTCTBO CMMCTia OBe Benepe 3a Mopa, Benepe Koja je 6wna 03HaKa n>yflCKor flpyniTBa my CBojoj 6yflanacToj TaniTMHM m y flparoijeHMM TpeHyu;MMa 3ajeflHMiiiTBa. M3Hafl CBera, npeijM3HO ocMaTpame flpyniTBeHe KOMeflMje noBe3yje npnny c M o p o b o m > k m b oth om onHMH>eHomhy n rp a M a Koje jbyjj,vi Mrpajy. Y o b om cnynajy y nMTaH>y je Hrpa 3aflOBO^>aBaH.a caMO/by6iba, Kojy cy Mrpane 6yfla/ie 3afl0B0>nbHe noMMm/by „KaKO he mx CTanHO xBannTM, Kao fla HMTaB c b c t He hmhm HMiiiTa flpyro hm flaH>y hm Hohy, Hero camo ceflM m n eB a mm Cejamu\ C ejam ul C eja m u l“ (212). BoraTM m MohHM MMajy HaHMHa m fla ocTBape OBy ManiTapMjy: y cb o m „npMjaTHOM 6e3yM7byca Kpa^ba m KapflMHa/ia: HaflyBeHa TaniTMHa, HeyTa>KMB aneTMT, nyflOCT. llpM3op ra je MCTOBpeMeHO m OflĆMjao m o n H M K b aB ao ; HMKafla HMje Morao fla ce H aTepa fla npocTO ofl6au;M cb ct y cbctom rHeBy. HanpoTMB, oh je ofl ce6e yHMHMO caBpmeHO ycneuiH or M3Bol)aHa; ofl ckpomhmx noneTaKa paHMX fleBefleceTMx roflMHa 15. BeKa, y y/io3M MJiaflor na>Ka y flOMahMHCTBy nopfla KapflMHana MopTOHa, Mop je hbkoh neTMpM fleijeHM je KapMjepe y o6nacTMMa npaBa, flMn/iOMaTMje, napjiaMeHTapHe nojiMTMKe m flBopCKor >KMBOTa, nocTao 1529. roflMHe By/i3MjeB nac/ieflHMK, /iopfl KaHijenap, m 3aflo6Mo HajBMiiiM no/io>Kaj y Kpa;i»eBCTBy. IIotom, Kao noTBpfla H>eroBMX HajmpibMX n o M M a ib a Mohu h upnBM7ierwja, iberon concTBeHM no/io>Kaj je 6p3o c/ia6wo nofl npmtuKOM iCBor pu nioca. V Majy 1532. roflMHe, noi i Mec ra kbh

In unonoM yzneÓHUKa: Mopoeo ca u o o ó n u K o ea w e u caM onoH uium ewe

33

nc/iapa nofl M3roBopoM fla je norner 3flpaB7ba, anw je 6n o npeBMiue 3HaMajaH m npeBMiue bmatbmb fla (k m

6 m M y 6mho flonyniTeHO tm xo noBTiaMeite

n poraib aib a. O fló n ja ite fla n o T n m u e 3aK/ieTBy o cynpeMau,Mjn - Tj.

n.i npw3Ha fla je Kpan> bpxobhm n on iaB ap u;pKBe y EHniecKoj - flOBe/io i .1 j e 1534. roflMHe y T ayep, a 6. jy n a 1535. roflMHe Ha ryÓMTmiiiTe. O b o nornaBjbe onncyje cno>KeHy M e ^ y n r p y c a M O O Ó H M K O B a i b a m c a Ma y M opobom ) KMBOTy m flejiMMa, C T B a p a ü e jaBHe ynore ti M y 6 w H C K y >Ke;by fla noóerHe ofl Tor cTBOpeHor MfleHTMTeTa, m npeflii/KCM fla H M a M O Ha y M y c n m c y M o p a Kano ceflM 3a cto /io m B ennK am a y iicoómhhom pacnono>KeH>y C M e m a H O M Ofl aMÓMijMje, M p o H M H H e 3 a(MiwbeHOcm, 3 HaTM^cen>e m oflóojHoeTM. T o je Kao fla n o c M a T p a oflM-

i |MBaH>e 4>MKD;Mje, m jeflHaKO ra norata HecTBapHocT u;ene npeflCTaBe m o m ibeHa orpOMHa M o h fla ce H a M e T H e CBeTy.

Y

cTBapM, t o je jeflHa

ufl ipeflMiujbMX nepmeniíwja y YmetunoMpa3¿oeopy, c r a ;m o

M 3HOBa n o ­

li.ni/baHa, y ó e c K p a j H M M H M 3 0 B M M a npepymaBaiba. Hmm ce jeflHa 4>aHhi wja ocTaBM n o crpaHM, MCRa^e H O B a c KojoM ce T peóa M 3 Ó o p M T M m H O p iUMTM je, flOK H M T a B CBeT, BeJIMKM C K y n H O B e K O B M X TOKHbM, CTpenn ii ii nii/beBa, óneniTM Kao M 3 B p H y T O or/iefla;io, npMB/iaHHO, y n o p H O m •*l•\yIICKI4 HecTBapHO.

- Moh,

A/im, 3aniTO 6m ce /byflM noTHMibaBaTiM c|)aHTa3njaMa Koje Hehe fla^be i ii|i11 h iijim oflp>KaBaTM? M opoB oflroBop je fle/iMMMHHO

hmjn je

•viiitmhckm 3HaK cnocoÓHOcr fla ce concTBeHa (|)MKL(Mja HaMeTHe CBe'

u n o je (j)MKu,nja Heo6y3flaHMja, t o je MMnpecnBHMja MaHMcjjecraijMja

m»»lili. l’auiTM KapflMHan MO>Kfla jecT e Tiyfl, a/im je Kaflap fla HaTepa flpyi » flii ii oh myt)y y /iyflM/io m noflp^ce ra. M cto TaKO je , noKo;ieH>e paH nje, l'iri.ipfl III cB o je HeMM/iocpflHO ocB ajaíbe n p ecro n a MacKnpao y pa3I* il)i*iin nocTynaK noHyfle, oflÓMjaiba, noHaBibaiba noHyfle n HeBo;tHor •»I •11 \ii.rraiba. H iije CTBap y TOMe fla ce obom mapaflOM ómjio ko oÓMaHe, i*» Ii y i OMe fla ce cbm npncM/ie mtim fla y tt>oj y^ecTByjy mtim fla je rnefla-

|\ lie \ pcMM. Y jeflHOM ópnTbaHTHOM oflnoMKy CBoje Mcmopuje Kpaiba

l'ii'idpdii III,

M op 3aMnm/ba pa3roBop Mef>y oómhhmm cb ctom , Kojn je

\ii|Miio 6 Mo CBCflOK 3noKo6He (jjapee. Ohm ce flnBe HMTaBoj npeflcraBM , n o ce un ofl Kora He MO>Ke oneKMBaTM fla je y H>y noBepoBao, au n •m i i i ,i ,

k u o

h i t o

j e f l a H

ofl h>mx

n p i i M e h y j e ,

,,/byfln noHeKafl Mopajy, 3Ó or

M*'in*i iionau iaiba, caKpiiTM o h o u ito 3iiajy“2. H a K p a jy KpajeBa, ó iicK y n n imiflu i»p;io c/iM 'iny n peflcraB y na chom nocBeheiby, Mafla cbii 3Hajy fla i» u mi no :»a CBojy c;iy>K6 y. M o ó p a m o , y n p cflcra im , cbm Mo>Kfla 3Hajy

lite Illsto ry o f Khiy K lihiirtl III, yp. U. S. Sylvcsiri, (!i>tinii dc/ia ' (1 9 6 3 ), H().

C aM ooön u K oeaw e y p en ecan cu

34

fla je HOBeK Koju Mrpa cynTaH a, y CTBapw, o ö y h a p , an n aKO je Heno flo-

BO/bHO nyfl fla ra „Ha30Be npaBMM mmchom a o k CTojw y CBoj CBojoj Betimhmhm, jeflaH ofl H.eroBMx MyHMTe/ba M orao 6m My pa3ÖMTM rnaBy.“ 14 TaKO ohm peKorne fla c y OBe CTBapn KpaxbeBe wrpe, Kao i h t o c y npeflCTaBe, m fla ce BefiMM fle/iOM oflw rpaBajy Ha ryÖM/iMiiiTMMa, Ha KojMMa cy cMpoManiHM n>yflM caMO nocMaTpaHM. A ohm KojM cy MyflpM BMine ce y t o Hehe MernaTM. Jep ohm KojM noHeicafl M CTyne m Mrpajy c H>HMa, Kafl He yMejy fla o flM rp a jy CBoje y n o re , caMO p a c T y p e n p e fld a B y a ceÖM He HMHe hmuiTa floöp o. (81)

ÜOKymaj onoBpraBaiba cjjMKijMje je onacaH - hobck M o^e fla 3apaflM pa3ÖMjeHy rnaßy. iloK ym aj fla ce Mrpa concTBeHa ynora, „fla ce McrynM m Mrpa c HbMMa“, jeflHaKO je onacaH. C jeflHe CTpaHe, BejiMKaniM MMajy epefleTBa fla HaMeTHy cß o je npoMMinn>eHe, TeaTapcne oöpefle oxo/ioctm; c flpyre CTpaHe, obm oöpeflM ce oöm hho

M3BOfle,

3nocnyTHO, Ha ry-

ÖMTIMIUTMMa. Atim, aKO cy öoraTCTBO m CM;ia peKBM3MTM Ha KojMMa ce 3acHMßajy OBaKße nepeMOHMje, 3aniTO 6m ce ßejiMKam yonuuTe m ritaBMO c MacKapaflOM? M opoßa onacK a fla caMO HeKOJiMHMHa, aKO m ohm, Mel)y M3ßol)aHMMa m/im nyöuMKOM, ß ep y jy y na>K7bMBO npeTßapaHbe, n p eflcraß ib a mmc t o nojiMTMHKO o6janm>eH>e, KaKBO HaM flaje m MaKMjaße;iM, o n n cy jy hm CTiMHHe pMTyane. 3a MaKMjaBe/mja, npMHu; ce ynyniTa y oÖMaHe M3 jeflH or cacßMM jacH or pa3nora: fla 6m o n cra o . YcnemaH ßnafla/iaij Mopa

fla 6yfle „BeoMa npMTBopaH m flBOTiMHaH; a TtyflM cy TaKO HaMBHM m t o timko ce noKOpaBajy noTpeöaM a fla he OHaj ko Bapa yBeK Hahn HeKora ko he flonycTMTM fla 6yfle npeBapeH“3. OnacKa ce KapaKTepMCTMHHO Jien y ja M3Mel)y u;MHM3Ma m peßOTiTa, xnaflHor caBeTa m caTMpe, anM Ty 6ap no cT o jn caMO jeflaH c;ioj oÖMaHe: ckmhm tc OBaj cnoj m Hahn heTe rone peanHOCTM aneTMTa m CTpaxa. YnyheHM nocMaTpa^ yBeK MO^e fla bmflM Mcnofl noBpniMHe m fla cxBaTM KaKO BeniTM ßnaflanau; MaHMnynMine OHMM UITO je BMflJbMBO.

Kofl M opa cno/bHM M3mefl MMa npoöneMaTMMHMjM oflHoc ca CTBapHomhy. EberoB c b c t je OHaj y KOMe je CBaKO flyÖMHCKM nocBeheH noflp^aBan>y KOHßeHijnja y Koje hmko He Bepyje; B ep o B aite je HeKaKO npecra/io fla 6yfle Hy>KHO. KoHBeHijnje He c/iy>Ke HMKaKBoj onnrneflHoj

3

Bnadanau,, n p eß eo Mwoflpar T. Koctm Ii, l’a;u lieorpafl, 1982, 63. Tpeöa pehw fla

je MaKHjaBe/iHjeBO o6jaim ben»e TaKol)e iiejm im: o n e iiera na/iwK 3aKOHy ripwpofle /in tim e i«i)a ynrh imjcflc kokoiii; t f lp y ir t i paiie, TMii.ajylin 6 e c 3Öor niynocTM xtpi'unn u it.ii» m > i floO poiio/i.iior y icin h .i y wrpn.

T y je

hi i inonoM yznednuKa: Mopoeo caM ooón u x oeaw e u cau on oH u u im ew e

35

luyflCKoj CBpcM, HaK hm oÔM aHii, a Kpan> M ÓMCKyn n n a K He M o ry fla ä m im* ÓC3 h>mx. C k m h m tc cjioj n 0 3 0 p n u iH e oÓMaHe m H eh eT e a o 6 m tm aM a .im iirn u T a. 3aTO pafl03H a/i0M y M y M a K H ja B e n n je B c b c t M 3r;iefla m h o 10

iipwcTynaHHMjM ofl M opoBor: „ C oÓ3MpoM Ha t o fla mm je H aM ep a iia iim u e M HeuiTO Ha KopMCT OHMMa KojM p a 3 y M e jy , M 3n iefla mm n p n -

I 'uifliiuje fla MfleM c a u;e/i0M m ctm h o m o T oj CTBapM H e ro fla np M K a3y jeM ii.i*ii laMMuiTbeHM fle o ; a MHorM c y 3 a M M iu a a n n p en y ó n M K e m k h o k c b m II«

Koje y CTBapHOCTM HMKafla HMcy hm BM^eHe hm tm je k o o H>MMa 3H ao

u.! nocToje; je p , HaHMH Ha KojM ä m b m m o je to tim k o yflan>eH ofl HaHMHa Mil Koju 6m T p e ó a n o fla >kmbmmo, fla OHaj k o 3aH eM ap y je o h o h i t o j e yHM-

M. no 3apafl O H ora i i i t o T p e ó a yHMHMTM, BepoBaTH O h e BMine flo n p n iit i u m o jo j n p o n a cT M H ero onyBaH >y“

(56). Y o b o m nyBeHOM o fln o M K y

m i li/ia d a o u ,a H a n a 3 e ce BpT7io3M MpOHMje, a;iM B p T o rn a B M ijy 3aycT aB n> a

• 11 mi i HCHa nocBeheHocT >KMBOTy y obom CBeTy m HBpcTO, TeMeibHO n o -

y ifltin.e fla je Moryhe

npoflpeTM

y „cTBapHy MCTMHy CTBapn“.

Mop, napaBHO, MO^ce fla TBpflM, ca jo in fly6n>MM yBepen.eM, fla 3Ha (1ii|-*iBy MCTMHy“, anM je H>eroBa MCTMHa ÓM/ia ofl jeflHe cacBMM flp y ra-

•III|i upcre, cnocoÓHa fla nonummu, a/in He fla pa3jacnu , nonuTMKy. Hm V |>fliiOM ofl CBojMx Be/iMKMx noTiMTMHKMX flena, Mcmopuju Kpaiba Pu-••/•«>eH>e: y Mcmopuju oh nMine MCTopMjcKM HapaI tilt, oiionauiajyhM KnacMHHe y30pe; y Ymonuju o c B e m a B a nonMTMKy

t ««-i »i MfiiMKa He CBeT/iOM CBoje Bepe Beh MMarMHaijMje, M3MMin/bajyhM OHMX peny6/iMKa „3a Koje hmko HMje BMfleo m/im nyo fla nocTOj# \ i i napiiocTM“. TaKo H>er0B0 fleno HeMa hm xnaflHy jacH ohy u,MHM3Ma mi i u noy3flaH >e cmmctichoctm MCTopMjcKor npoBM ^eita Koje noK a3yje • m " I lor OTKpMBa CBoj Be/iMKM njiaH y3 noM oh flp y rn x y3poK a. 3 a M a -

• •i |,im« ;i iija m MCTopMHape KojM c e o c n a ib a jy Ha npoBMl)eHbe

hotimtmhkm

■ u* i |( ipancnapeH TaH ; 3a M o p a je Henpo3MpaH. A M 3rneflafla c y H>ero-

H i i" MiiKii itepa, iheroBO o c e h a it e 3a a n c o T iy ra y MCTMHy, caMO n o ja n a n n k m M»iipo:iMpHOCT, T e je CBeT noTiMTMKe, y cyuiTMHM, o c T a o

ancypdan.

lo p je cuaKdKO n p o B e o bctim km fle o CBoje KapMjepe M rp ajyhn Kao

lliip;UIMCHT, ,iI,p>JKajy H>eMy Hm oio u ii,a o n o j iiopoflMUM. I’parMMiia flpaMa n > ero B o r iKe fla Hum iiiM .tran m c ro ity im v ia jiiy cnocoÔHOCT fla npe>KMB/baBa m y cn e B a •i •" m i jitMU y o m u mum iio;im i MMKMM uoflaMft. lia K pajy K pajeBa, c t o $-• miii raiiK.i oiim.h i nj i i i y (>h;im uaj6/lM>KM X e u p u jy VI I I upn7lW‘in o

CaMooónuKoeawe y penecancu

36

timhm Ha flenoBOflHMK Ilp B o r n o 7iMTÓMpoa. TeniKO fía 6m M op tojim ko fly ro oncrao fía ce H>eroBa peaKijMja Ha Mofr c a c ro ja n a caMO o# yonaBaHba H>eHe ancypflHOCTM. O h je ohm to o n p e3HO npou;eH>MBao ^>yflCKe MOTMBe, m floópo p a3yMeBao cno>KeHy Mpe^cy MaTepMjanHMx MHTepeca KojM cy 6m/im y n o 3aflMHM cno>KeHMX (JjopM anHocm Bnafle T jy so p a , m Bp/io je floópo 3Hao KaKO fía y OKBMpy obmx (J)0 pMa;iH0 CTM Hal)e CBoje MecTO. M ctm hcko tkm bo H>eroBor ^ y ro r >KMBOTa y jaBHOCTM npoTKaHO je npMKa3MBaH>eM Mohn. A MnaK, Kafl noKymaBa fía oójacHM 3auiTO ce Be/iMKaiiiM ó ax h y obmm u,epeMOHMjaMa, 3auiTO nocTaBJbajy cno>KeHe TeaTapcKe pMTyane, oh 3aK/bynyje He y KopMCT pau,MOHa/iHe KanKy/iaijMje Beh y KopiiCT ancypfla: jep cy nyfíM, onceflHyTM „JiaKOBepHMM 4>aHTa3MjaMa“, HecnocoÓHM fía HanpaBe p a37iMKy M3Mel)y mctmhc m (pMKU,Mje. He caMO MaKMjaBenwcTMHKa KanKy/iaijMja Beh m xyMaHMCTMHKa pe(J)opMa cycp ehy ce c orpaHMHetbMMa y obom nyfíid/iy: hotimtmhkm >kmbot He MOHKe ce TpeTwpaTM Kao KÓfl Kojw nocBeheHM pa3yMejy m MaHMny/iMiiiy K>MMe, jep je y o ch o bm nyfl, a H>eroBM npaKTMHapM 3axBaheHM „MaxHMTomhy“. Pí He n p o ijeiby je ce Ha Taj HaHMH caMO hotimtmhkm >kmbot y y^ceM CMMcny Beh HMTaB Kopnyc hobckobm x flpyniTBeHMx 0 ,n,H0 ca. /Ja ómcmo pa3yMenM M opa, MopaMO Bpno 03Óm^h0 y3eTM y oÓ3Mp tberoB flo>KMBnjaj cBeonniTer nyfíMna, He caMO Kao peTopMHKM yKpac mtim 3roflHy Mrpy peHM Beh Kao cpeflMiHH»y m TpajHy peaKijMjy Ha n oCTojaite. To je MMiHTbeibe Koje je , Kao m totimko Tora flpyror, flenno ca Epa3MOM, HMja je I J o x e a n a n y d ocm u iberoB HajBMiiiM m Hajo,ijpe])eHMjM M3pa3. Atim, T lo x e a n a n y d ocm u je onacHO opyl)e 3a npoijeH y M opoBe peaKii,Mje Ha >kmbot, ^enoM 3Óor (|)yHñaMeHTanHMx pa3/mKa M3Mel)y Epa3Ma m M opa (Epa3MO je 6 mo pa3onapaHM MOHax, HecTpnjbMB y oóy3flaB aity ; M op je 6 mo pa30HapaHM naMK, HecTpnjbMB y cnoóoflM), a flenoM m 3Óor ycnexa m nyBeiba Epa3M 0B0r BenMKor fíena. TeK Kafla npel)eMO ca n o y 3flaita, npMnaroflTbMBOCTM m mapMa 0B 0r KibM>KeBHor peMeK-flena Ha HepB03Hy HecTaÓM/iHOCT Hafl KojoM je oho TpnjyMíJjoBano, Mo^ceMo fía oceTMMO kotimko je o ce h a ite an cyp ^ a, Kao npo>KMB^>eHO MCKycTBO, y3HeMMpaBajyhe, KaKO je 3a M opa o h o 3Ha*iM;io TeMe^Ho OTyl)eH>e o/j H>eroBor flpyuiTBa, ofí Beher fíen a no3HaHMKa, ofl ce 6 e caMor. Kao /ja je , ycpefl CHa»CHO flo>KMB;baBaHMx npMBp>KeHocTM nopoflMii,M m npwja Te/bMMa, y ceÓM hocmo nepcneKTMBy MUTcpiiara TIoh^oh HapTepxayc'

' /Ioh,hoh H a p re p x a y c ( L on d on C h a r lc r h o n -i ), i om ii/ickc 3rpaA¡i na CMMT^M/iAy» m 14. ueKa. 14Me je ;to 6 n o n o Hapi yanjam kum muiuh in py, 0CH0BaiiKe M op CBojoj KhepKM y C Bojoj he/mjM y T a y ep y , t,fln 11n je 6wno Moje >KeHe m B a c, Moje fle ije , KojMMa caM fly ro B a o CBoje iia)fly6/be o 6 a B e 3 e , ja 6mx ce B eh flaBHO 6mo 3aTBopwo y KaKBy M any co Ov, y - h e n n jy .tKMBOTa. Mop ciuiKaKO p eary je Ha KapaKTepwcTMHHO 6pw/baHTaH m, m oh io 6m

••• prim, flyxoBMT HanMH Ha y^cacHe ycnoBe y KojMMa ce Harnao: oh Te­ lim ( nojy KhepKy npeo6pa>KaBajyhM naTKby Koja My je HaMeTHyTa y flap • I’HiipajyhM, nocneflMHHo, ofl CBoje cyfl6MHe - concTBeHM M36op. (Ha-

|•>»m 10, cyfl6MHa jecTe, y CTBapHOM CMMCTiy, 6n na H>eroB M36op, Mafla He hi Ivan KaKBOM 6m aKTMBHO Te»;MO.) A/im obo je BMine ofl yTexe; ohmm

.......... .....

CBojoj KhepKM MaprapeTM, M op M3pa>KaBa CBoj u;e;io:>KMBOT-

iiii upc3Mp npeMa CBeTy CBefleHOM y H>er0B0M yMy Ha nyflM/io, Ofl6aUvl vhu ne caMo caB noHoc, OKpyTHOCT m aM6Mu;Mjy /byflM, Beh m MHoro i mi

nn o je M3rneflano fla caM ijeHM, ^cen>y fla no6erH e y caM ohy he/inje.

t l mmi i c raB ce fle/iOM, 6e3 cyMH>e, Mae>e MO>Ke npnnncaTM KBa/iMTeTM-

Mn tu o6eHMM 3a M opa, a BMme CTM/iy KacHe cpeflH>OBeKOBHe Ky/rrype | ii .i h u m

I mi mi

CHa>KHMM crpecaiBeM ofl 0flBpaTH0CTM npeMa CBeTy KojM ce

n p iix B a T a .5 Ahm, H arne

3Han>e o MopoBQM

y n e rn h y y uiMpeM K yn-

H «| 'm \ /iriu’i'o p im a Ka/iyl)epa yivipna c y ofl r/iaflw y o6/in>Ktt>eM 3aTBopy HjyrejT, a fle ce rn ■ I i m Im |> nory6;i,eH je Ha Tayep x n ;iy , Tpw roflMHe KacHwje. Y Majy 1 6 1 1 . roflMHe 3ipa,ne

I || i yim o I'oMac C aroH kojm ce oöoraTwo ofl Ha/ia3MiuTa yr/ba Ha CBojoj 3eM/bw; npeMa rci IaM cn ry ocHOBaHa je cj)OHflai;Mja Koja je npy>Ka/ia aom H eTpfleceTopim n H | i i iiMiiii'pa (ocnpoM am eH a ro cn o fla , ocfwnMpM, TproBijM kojm c y n p o n a /m 3 0 o r nwpaTa R i im ii|M»^o;ioMa, n;in o iy r e y flOMahwHCTBy Kpa/ba/K pa/bnne), h iiiKO/iOBaH>e H erp,nece-

■ f i i ...... ... .

LLlKO/ia je y 20. BeKy npece/beHa, a/in je HapTepxoyc w aa/te

aom

3a cra-

H ' n i ' i iiinominKe. fla n a c c e y 3rpaflaM a M aH acm pa Ha/ia3ii 6 o /m n n a C e m ’ BapTo/ioM jy y H j n hm|'\ Mo/IMUMHCKor (J)aKynTeTa. - npuM . n pce.

I * V William Roper, The Life o f Sir Thomas More, yp. Richard S. Sylvester n Davis R I ■Billing (New I laven: Yale University Press, 1962), 239. I la m c h c je Cn;iBecrepon imoI |lii|i tut pMWtKTiniMO flyfioK y rn caK ; bum., HapoMwro, „A Part o f His Own: Thomas M ores i |Mi iill v IVrsonality in I lis I'.arly Works“, M om m a lü (1967), 29-42. Bn/*. n ncMxoana/iMH in i m IIOKymaj iiOBCMMitnii.a Moponor nncaii.a ca ,,napo»inro niu|)aiiim ;i i i h m MO^ann ■|im i.i I >iivid Bleich, „Moros Utopia-. Confessional Modes", American Imago 28 114711, I H Hi ’ I Hid mum mim mini i|icmomi'iih na;ia:in cc y loxmi Xoj:mm n, Itrcn epränMHKa n p e flcra ß a I t p i im'ikc ;io 6aH»e. rneflaHa cn p e^ a, /ioöaEba je Hepa3a 3HaT/bMBa (J)neKa V ■pi'flMiirry n p B o r n n aH a c/iMKe; OHa c e M3HeHafla OTKpMBa TeK c a n p a N* M Mi'C'ra, K a^a c e c/in K a rn efla n o c T p a H ije .10

Kiii liiii’l I rvey, '¡he German School, National Gallery Catalogues (London: National Gall> i s I '»'•')), 4 6 -5 4 ; Carl Georg Heise, Hans Holbein d. /.: Die Gesandten (Stuttgart: Philipp i liiin |im., 1959); Ernst B. Gilman, The Curious Perspective: Literary and Pictorial Wit in m p Si 11 nhrnth Century (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978), 98-104. Itii'tyls BaltruSaitis, Anamorphoses, ou perspectives curieuses (Paris: Olivier Perrin, I'iv , i, o'», /layra je CTaHflapflHM npeflMeT y yneH>y nepcneKTMBe, a no3HaTa je M3 flwpe.......... apnopoaa Partition M3 1525. roflMHe. Albrecht Dürer, The Painters Manual, npeB. V till*' I Strauss (New York: Abaris Books, 1977), 392. I Ii Iiio, Platonic theology, npeB. Josephine I. Burroughs, y Journal o f the History o f I II 11 >1 I'M I): 235. O iiepcneKTMBM y pciiecanciioM c/inKapcTBy BMfl., HapoHMTO, Samuel V * tl|t' i Ion |r., I he Reneissance Discovery o f Linear Perspective (New York: Basic Books, jn 'I ( liiiullo ( iuillön, „On the Concept and Metaphor of Perspective“, y Comparatists h IViuA, yp, Stephen G. Nichols Jr. m Richard B. Vowlcs (Waltham, Mass.: Blaisdell Pub. | n I'KiM), 2H lH); n Hrwln Panofsky, „Die Perspektive als Symbolische Form“, Vorträge tfi t Hil'lliilheA Wärburg ( 1924 25). I’ .in iin o he ce tu i^ eiii, ja c ;im cyMii.MMUi» y i*o:im ca CeMjyenOBOM TeopMjoM fla je I .......n o ipeOu/m fla nn/uiania neMfleHTMa He Mo>Ke ^a cxBaTM.

11 Bwfl. Baltrusaitis, 5 8 -7 6 , m Fred Leeman, Hidden Images (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1976), 13-14. JleBM icao M3y3eTH0 HeBepoBaray oflöaijyje cyrecTwjy, Koja ce noHeKafl nojaB/byje, fla je no6aft>a ßyxoBMTM noTnwc hohle Bein, Tj. „uiyruba k o c t“. CiMKa je y CBaKOM cnynajy, ohmto c/iaB/bette X07i6ajH0B0r ayxa. 12 Hervey, 203-207.

13 OßaKBO M3pyrnBaH.e tmitohho je 3a npeflcraße TCMe „Memento mori“; bma. Hnp., Bpojrenoß TpujyMtß CMpmu. 3a xepa/iflMHKy ynorpe6y ;io6aii.e bma. Dürer, ipö ca 7106a HiOM (1503) n XonöajHOBy c/wKy ipö CMpmu ( 1538). 14 MoKeMO, TaKot)e, fla y04MM0 m n e o 6 n ‘ino wioivoöuy Kyrnjy :ia ;ia y r y MCitOfl cto/i.i m napoHMT 3Haitaj cyHwaHnx MacomimKeBHocTM, y niuliit fla 3acTpauiM

m y3pOKyje

HenoflHom/bMB 60 ji, Hero y CBojoj TajaH-

■ iin iio j iieripiicTynaMHocTM m o,n;cycTBy. O ho u ito ce He bm^m, m/im je w iu Iu m io

caM O

Kao (JmeKa, MHoro BMine y3HeMMpaBa Hero oho ca

mum

miwkcmo x p a 6 p o m H enocp eflH O cyoHMTM, HapoHMTO K afla c e orp aH M •1» 11..1 iiMfla c x B a T e Kao Ihi i

1 . 111 .a

cmpyKmypHa, h i t o je BMuie n o c/ ieflM ija n p w p o fle

n e r o KyKaBMH/iyKa n o c M a T p a n a .

A n.iMop(j)MHKa /io 6 aH>a 6 aija ceHKy Ha eneraHTHM nofl - ceHKy ceHih . m1>rii, ieHy

1 i|'Ikkt, anii ceHKa nafla y flpyrannjeM npaBu,y 03 ohmx Koje 6 au,ajy iiMihu .i^opM 11/111 npeflMeTM Ha cro n y .16 TaKo ce H>eHO npiicycTBO m cto m|" Mriio 11 noTBp^yje m nopMne; aKO MO>Ke fla HaM nocTaHe BM/ybMBa, kim i i.iy:iMCMO oflroBapajyhw no;io:>Kaj Ha y rny c/iMKe, OHa ohm to hmI# 111

ryriaHHa /iMKOBMMa Ha c/imu;m (y CMMCJiy y KOMe ce CMaTpa #a

Mi.Hir u 11HCTpyMeHTii jecy flocrynHM). CBaKaKo, flaHTeBMn MMa CBoj pi'i i »|iiim 6 poui c MpTBaMKOM r/iaBOM, a/iM HecaMepjBMBOCT OBor yKpa-

!•« u ;io 6 an»e Ha no^y ocehaM o MHoro cHa>KHMje Hero h>mxob CKTiafl. A 111.1..IH'l aMep/bMBOCT MOTBp^yje ce HMHjeHMlJOM fla MOpaMO

a MCKpM-

.........Ml, y CyUITMHM, MOHMUITMMO TIMKOBe fla 6 MCMO BMflejIM no 6 aHby. T o

Uha I 1 wiii Panofsky, Tomb Sculpture, yp. H. W. Janson (New York: H. N. Abrams, I Wn1) 1#

I li 1vcy, .>05. I m in 'iiio je :ia CBeoiiun y npoHMjy X o /i6 a jn o n o r Ae/ia Aa ce OBa TBap1 him .1 iy|e ceiiKOM. ileun y o n a B a fla ce BpcMOia iipMkauana ua rpw no/ineAapcKa cyH -

H

• * u iiiiimKa pa umivyjy „ ( )i»e pa:i;ima -

ihto

nceTaHiije,

hm

hm ijb c t ,

ysa^>eHM nej3a>K KojM Ha3MpeMO Kpo3 OTBopeH n p o -

3eMn>a npMcyTHM cy caMO Kao o6jeKTM Mepe

m

np eflcraB e,

o6jeKTM BeuiTMHe TBopua m o 6y ca. TeK Ka^a noHHeTe ^a HanyniTaTe Taj CBeT - 6yKBa/mo fla ra HanyniTaTe, noMepajyhM ce oa ctimkc - MO^ceTe fla BMflMTe je^aH je^MHM Tyl)MHCKM npeflMeT, no6aH>y. JIo6aH>a je CMpT Kojy je nocMaTpan, y CTBapM, caM flOHeo, MeH>ajyhM yrao rn e^ a fta , npeKM^ajyhM CBoje nocM aTpaite TiMKOBa Ha c/imu ,m. Jep obo nocM aTpaite je, MMn7iMijMpa /io6atba, ocTBapeH>e; 6e3 ite r a , o6jeKTM TaKO /bynKO npeflCTaBTbeHM y CBojoj /ia>KHoj TBapHOCTM - HecTajy. Yfla7baBaHje HeK07iMko

KopaKa ofl 4>poHTanHor cyonaBaH>a ca

hito

je Ha H>oj,

m yBol)eH>e

CMpTM y

ctimkom

jecTe 6pMcaH>e CBera

cbct .

O mo

no6aH>M caM roBopMo Kao o Tyl)MHCKoj m He7Byn,cKoj, a jiM je t o cano ce6M m p o h m h h o MCKpMB7baBaH>e, je p je OHa jeflMHM npe^MeT Ha

C7Imd;m KojM je MCTOBpeMeHO m /ty#CKM

m

n0TnyH 0 n p u p o d a n y CMMC/iy

#a ra HMje flOTaK/ia BeniTMHa. HapaBHo, Ty cy nMi^a m

m

pyKe

C enBa, a MnaK je o ceh aib e no3e BeoMa CHa»CHO, noniTO

cjiMKa TaKO fla y nopel)eH>y ca

aHTeBMTia m x

Xon6ajH

ocra;iMM npeflMeTMMa Ha

cbm m

c /im ijm

M3r;ie,n;ajy HajBMine yMeTHMHKM M3paI)eHM. Ofl/iMKyje m x cpanyHaTa HeflOflMp/bMBOCT Koja Ha pyKaMa cyrepM ine 6 p m >k ; b m b o o6;iMKOBaHy oćm hhoct

6

m

Kojy 6 m nocaBeTOBao KacTMTbOHe, a Ha n Mu,MMa MacKe Koje

npeflno>KMO MaKMjaBenM.17 7Io6aH>a je TaKO npaKTMHHO jeflMHCTBeHa

y CBojoj Henpo6ojHOCTM 3a Moh 7byn,CKor l)yje y cBeMy Ocra/IOM Ha

c /i m i j m

;

06/iMK0BaH>a, Koja ce noTBp-

OHa je jeflMHM CTaHOBHMK KaTeropnje

Koja je , MnaK, npoTMBTe}Ka c b m m ocTa/iMM npeflMeTMMa. I4naK je napa^OKca/iHO fla ce OBa /io6aH>a, o6ene>Kje OHora onnpe

bciutmhm m

HMjMM npMKa30M reHMjanHOCTM AOKcanHO MpTBaHKy r/iaBy, TeBMn

hocm

ce

m

BeniTMHe c/iMKapa, Kao

cmm 6 oh

HeraijMje

hobckobmx

uito

napa-

y cn ex a , flaH-

Kao MOflHM ,n;eTa;b, 03HaKy CTaTyca C7iMHHy Mefla/bOHy CBe-

Tor MnxaM/ia KojM

17

luto

npeTpajaBa je, ecreTCKM TpeTMpa c HajcneKTaKynap-

np o(f>ecop

hocm oko

BpaTa.* ^ejcTBO

obmx

napaflOKca jecTe fla

Majic/i BeKceHfleji, KOMe caM iu*ii3McpHO 3axBa/iaH s 6 o r MparonenH\ i«>jy npciiopy>iyjy

cy re cT n ja , CMaTpa fla OBe n o 3 e ĐepoBaTiinji1 o ^ p tn u aiu j y yKOHeHOcm ceBepubaHKM mhcijh npnpyMHmKe TioijMpaTM, Ha

k o jm

vaM0 y

CMcreM

ui.iKOBa KojM c

toh m ko

MannpaKby CBeTa, fla

cbom

h oth m h m

ce

noBepeHba KopMCTMMO 3 a Behe cyMH>e. XonóajH

• 11.1ja K op eH M T y y n n T H O C T

o craib y C B eT a ca KOpeHMTOM y n M T H o m h y o

• 1.111,y yMeTHOCTM. Jep aiMKa MHCMCTMpa, CTpacTBeHO u flyÓMHCKM, Ha upo^craBHoj Mohn yMeTHOCTM, raeHoj cpeflMiiiiboj y;i03M y hobckobom • h na i a n ,y u K O H T p o/iM p e a n H O C T M , n a K K a o p a . MHCMCTMpa, c a H e 3 e M a 7b i|kOM y ô e f lÆ M B o m h y , H a M3 M a iirr a H O M K a p a K T e p y H M T aB e O B e T a K 0 3 B a -

II«

poa/iH O C T M m yM eTH O CTM K o j a n p e T e H f l y j e

pa

i r i u i y i i a u i e r H o p M a / m o r o f l H o c a c a c tim k o m -

h i 'i ' i nor CTaBa KojM i

mo

o,/ui6pa/iM

oómhho

3ay3MMaMO npe^

je n p e flcra B M .

Y koh-

H a p a B H O , y K O H T eK C T y

hckmm

oöjeKTOM KojM

p a ocMOTpMMO - MaprMHaziHM no/io>K aj je eKcu,eHTpMH-

II11 fici ManiTe, npaKTM HHO, He-MecTO, mcto K ao iiito Tioóaita nocTojw u ,» n e

MecTy, y nopel)eH>y ca cbmm o cra n M M oójeKTMMa Koje XonóajH

i /mua. A/im, y/ia3aK Ha obo He-Mecro jecTe M3MeHa CBera Ha ctimijm m I »inu., u.c H eM oryhM M oÓMHHor noBpaTKa HOpMa/iHOM BM^y. HapaBHO, l>iM . c npahaM O m noHOBO ycnocTaBJbaMO OHy nepcneKTMBy Koja M3rne-

II.i i>ao Ai» HaM „Aaje“ cb ct, anM t o hmhmmo y CTaH>y OTyl)eHOCTM. Y mcIihm y Me* THMMKOM TpeHyTKy, TpeHyTKy nponacKa o p cpe^MiiiTa cnMKe I > ii' pn(|)epnjM, >kmbot n o cra je HenpMMeTaH npe,n; CMphy, a n p eflcraB a lip i'A iumiitmhom. TaKO je He-MecTO o h o MecTO Koje je /io6an.a flocer/ia H*

M.ii.noia u o ja B H y CTBapHOCT, 3apa3MBOiM je concTBeHMM OTyl)eH>eM.

M * an ;jr (/(aHTeBMTi m )Kop>K p e C e;iB, totimko CHa)KHO npncyTHM y c b o |"i h iiim i) xa/iynMHaHTHoj cTBapHocTM, oTKpMBajy ce Kao nn m eH T Ha IlM'itiiiy, rpiiK n;iy3MOHMCTe. Ohm KojM M3rneflajy TaKO CTBapHO npefl WdM.i iif u o c io je n u r / j e , paK jie, no cT o je y yTonM jM . 1 Mi.i k o

Ayry pacnpaBy o A M Ó acadopuM a onpaBflaBaM TMMe u i t o Hac

■ m i i h in a , c a

'ly/iHOM HenocpeflHomhy

m

MCTOBpeMeHOinhy, Koje caMO

W i

m i MO)iKeHOCT MopOBor OTyl)eH>a

H

m

in n

ii.ci’oue yMeTHOCTM. C b c t y KOMe ce Kpehy flaHTeBM/i

lm i »li«’ je

M opon eu er; ca c /im k o m Mcnpe# ce 6e Ha Kojoj je

cto

m

m

60 -

C enB

HaTpnaH

III ...... «mm u Miu rpyMeHTMMa, mo>kcmo ce npMceTMTM PonepoB or o n n ca

h o»......»'piio^a tokom K ojerje M op 6mo, KaKO pene E/itoh, „ommächm x y -

| i...... i.i" \cnpnja VIII. „Kafla 6m 3aBpuiMO ca concTBeHMM MOTiMTBa-

ni m in ' ion.i i«iiii/i.y llpm iaflHJm w c y A o6nja/in 3 ;ia n in npnBe3aK c timkom a p -

HmI> . i Miih.ih/i.i 1. 0)11 .

m|ii

11a pAy

(M o n C eil M m no/i)

maubm

3Mwjy. ripnBe3aK je

^ H i i . . ..i i/iii 11101 m um .i y i it 1/111« y ocuM iiiko/i.kii (o3HQKQ xo^oMacnMKa), ii()BC3aim x itilii. ip t i. IIM •lltopilhllMil

/ l/'IIM. njH’tI.

C aM ooön u K oeaw e y p en ecan cu

44

Ma“, nnrne Ponep, Kpan> 6 m nocnao no M o p a „fla floi)e y H>eroBe oflaje, TaMO 6 m HeKo BpeMe cefleo

m

ca ß eio B a o ce c

acTpoHOMMje, reoMeTpMje, TeonorMje, HeKafl 6m

c

m

m

h>mm,

flp y rn x

m

HeKafl o riMTatt>MMa

c/imhhmx

BeiiiTMHa, a

o CBojMM nocnoBMMa. A flpyrM nyT 6 m ra Hohy no3Bao Kano

H.MM pa3MaTpao pa3/iMKe, nyTaH>e, K peTaita,

m

flejcTBo 3Be3fla

m

nnaHeTa.“18 3aK7bynaK aHerflOTe KOfl P on epa je M3BaHpeflHO n p o cB e m y jyhM: noniTO je OBy nacKaßy Kpan>eBCKy na>KH>y CBe BMiue flo>KMB;i>aBao Kao 3aMKy, M op je „noneo fla flOHeK/ie npMKpMBa CBojy npMpofly“, ApyrMM peHMMa, nocTajao je flocaflaH, CBe a o k H>er0B0 flpyniTBO BMine HMje 6 mho TOTiMKO Tpa>KeHO. A ko

obo

M3rnefla Kao fla Hac y ^ a^ aB a ofl

XonöajHOBMX AMÖacadopa, 3a Koje ce npeTnocraBTba fla »cyfle 3a KpaTteBOM na>KH}OM, t o je caMO 3aTO i i i t o je M op y Hajßehoj MepM MMao OHy yMeniHOCT peTopMKe ho

m

yneHOCT Koje 6 m jeflaH flaHTeBMn Mopao npefla-

fla pa3BMja. Mel)yTMM, M op HeMa HajBMine c ji m h h o c t m ca (J)paHu,ycKMM xyMa-

HMCTMMa Beh ca reHMjeM KojM m x je Hac;iMKao (a m o > k cm o fla cneKyHMineMO m o TOMe fla BenMHaHCTBeH y cn ex nopTpeTa M op a m ttero ß e nopoflM ije, Koje je ypaflMO XonöajH, noHeniTO fly ryje HapoHMToj h m tm pa3yMeBatba Kojy Oßfle noKymaßaMO fla CKMijMpaMo). MaKO cy M opoBa MHTepecoBaKba oöyxßaTana acTpoHOMMjy, My3MKy, peTopMKy, reoMeTpMjy, reorpa(J)Mjy m apMTMeTMKy, o h je TaKol)e 6m o cacBMM cnocoöaH fla ce noByne ofl o b m x MHTepecoßaita, Men.ajyhM CBoje BMl)ett>e CTBapM Ha TaKaB HaHMH fla M30KpeHe CBaKy npeTnocTaBKy Ha Kojoj cy noHMBaTiM cb m ob m MeTOflM ypel)etba m MepeH>a CBeTa. MnaK, jorn je Ba>KHMje t o iu to

OBaj aHra>KMaH m yflan>aBaH>e He 3ay3MMajy flBa oflBojeHa, cyK-

ijecMBHa TpeHyTKa y M op oßoj KapnjepM - M/iafla/ianKO ynecTBOBaHbe y CBeTy, noćn e Kora cnefl m p a36M jaH > e M/iy3Mja m noB/iaHeite, Ha npMMep, MHM naK cno>KeHMje Me^ycoÖHo CMeHjMBaH>e o b m x craflba - Beh cy TecHO noße3aHM jeflHO c flpyrMM t o k o m HMTaBor HberoBor >KMBOTa, a o k cy y EberoBMM HajßehMM flenMMa cnojeHM c TaKBOM CHaroM m Mohn KaKBe cm o

BMfleÄM Ha XonöajHOBoj ctim ijm . HapaBHO, t o M3Hafl CBera Ba>KM 3a

Ymonujy, HMje cy cynTM/me 3aMeHe, MCKpMB7baBaH>a

m

npoMeHe yrna

rneflatba Haj6;iM>KM eKBMBa/ieHT y peHecaHCHoj npo3M aHaMopcJ)MHKoj

18 Roper, Life, 202. Moryhe je fla je XeHpn VIII onoHaiuao MTa/wjaHCKe npnHHeBe; BMfl., H n p . , Becna3HjaHOB onnc wHTe/ieKTya/umx iamiMaii.a e - M MCTO CMO TOTIMKO M3 H epBM paH M n p O B a jIM jO M KO|l) u s ac/im ; m hm m c n o y 3 flaH>eM M3 MepMMO n p o B a jiM jy , o f lM a x H aM c e

v iu i ty je h o b m e n e M eH T KojM M3 n i e f l a K a o p a M el)y ftH M a y c n o c r a B / b a H e ­ in *i p e iu w B y B e 3 y. T o j e M H o ro B M iu e H e r o „y h c k m m a cn eK T M M a c jim h h m ,

.

ii

y flp y rM M “, K a o

p a mm3 m o flB a n o c e Ö H a o ö je K T a K o je m o -

l i ' i mo fla flp^M M O jeflaH n o p e# f lp y r o r m y n o p el)yjeM O mx, je p ßBa CBeTa w \m o tiu ju 3a y 3MMajy mctm n p o c T o p m cyuiTMHCKM c y y HecTaÖM/iHOM I i/ ( ik u y jeflaH n p e M a flp y ro M . Y to m n o rn efly, n o fle n a p en a Ha flBe kh>mi'r |< JcAHa ofl M o poB M X rn an a c KaMeHMM /raijeM , je p H ac n o 3MBa p a y c .........h im m o jeflHOCTaßaH n o p e fla K KO HTpacTa KojM « e n o OMeTa: Y t o i i m -

ju

ii

n.oj c/imhhm HacTan>yjy c b c t npBe KitMre, mcto Kao ih to EHrnecKa

Uiimi i .ilia y /tpyroj kh>m3m. Ctimhho TOMe, /imkobm M opa m XMT/iofleja ce -

»•' \ iK roM »pTy m pa3roBapajy, a/ra, Kao m Ha XonöajHOBoj c/imu;m, ohm yi.iu.ljy CCHKe y pa37IMHMTMM npaBLiMMa M, y KTbyHHMM CTBapMMa, OHM || V liy/MiO c/ieim jeflaH 3a ap y ro ra. ( )n.ij yaiieM M paBajyhM yH y T p am ibM p a c ije n - OBaj o c e h a j, y o n iir r e M In i'iip y fle ;ia , H eycK naflM B M X nepcneK TM Ba M3Mel)y KojMX c e H M Tanaij H efct 111 'Ho K p eh e - o r n e ^ a c e Ha npaKTMHHO CBaKOM HMBoy TeKCTa, o fl H ajm I i i i v ^e;iO Ba K 0M ri03nij,M je flo H ajcM TH M jM XBep6a;iH M XfleTa;i>a. E ;iM 3 a IK i M i'Kkum oh iie A a B H o je y K a 3 a n a H a 3 H a H a j p e n e H o r y (|)MHoj p a c n p a B M !•

I*tp o iio j n:iy:»cTMO n e c T o j yn oTpeÖ M ti m t o t c , peTopM HKe (f)M rype „y *

eroB e c y n p o r a o c T M “.19

M»i| •ok.i y n o r p e ö a O B e c t m t i c k c c})M ry p e, n M in e OHa, y K a 3 y j e Ha „ T eH fleH ii ii I . ,n»i c e BMflM K H ine o fl je f l H o r a c n e K T a n M T a it a “;

llito

j e j o i n Ba^C H M je,

■ i H.mi un/I», o n a iip w M o p a B a Ha M eH ra/iHO K p era H b e, n c M X o n o iiiK M n p e ni i * * ir/i,n r r a n k c n a f lp y r y , m i i a r p a r .20 P e K a o 6 w x

pa je o b o H eyM opH o

1 /li (J)Miinunjy liimoflM Klizabeth McCuteheon, „Denying the Contrary: M ores Use ■ i I null , In Utopia", y I in‘MIhll Article’s fo r the Study oj Humias More , yp. R. S. Sylvester n II I1 tin« hmlour (I liumlrn, ( m ill,: Archon Rooks, 1977), 263. Mi ( uk heon, .’ /I

Jlp yifle y

cbom

cjajiioM rcKi ry ona npwMehyje;^a ,, mh

iim -

1 1it.i it id mo i m luiM i m vpiin ifle cmo y ymonuju,,, I In naJiiiDKCM c mhtukcmmkom Huuoy

C aM ooôn u K oeaw e y p en eca n cu

46

M e ita tb e n o r n e fla Ha CTBap 6nw 3aK eKBMBa/ieHT, Ha Bepôa/iHOM HMBoy, BM 3yanH e TexHMKe aH aM 0p (J)03e, HMja c a M a eTM M onorw ja y K a 3 y je Ha K peTatfce H a n p e fl-H a 3 a fl, cran H O o6/MKOBaH>e

m

npeo6nM KOBaH>e.

HaK m Kafl 6mcmo 6m7im Kaflpu fla t o M3BefleMO, OHMnieflHo 6m HaM ofly3eno MHoro BpeMeHa fla fleTa;i>HO oôjacHMMO CBe aHaMop(J)MHKe TexHMKe y Ymonuju, ajiM, ocmm TiMTOTa, MO^ceMO fla yKa>KeMO Ha Mpe-

>Ky n0Be3aH0CTM m npoTMBpeHHOCTM Koje je Tlyj MapeH y Utopiques M3Beo c MaHflapMHCKOM cno^ceHomhy. MapeH noKa3yje, 6ap fle;iMMMHHO ycneniHO, fla Ha r;iaTKoj noBpuiMHM )KMBOTa YronM je nocTojw

M H o ro

nojiycKpMBeHMX nyKOTMHa, Koje ce M3flajy cynTMTiHMM Hefloc/ieflHOCTMMa m npoTMBpeHHOCTMMa y Tonorpa(J)MjM, eK0H0MCK0j pa3MeHM, wcnoTbaBaity Mohn, KOHuenTMMa KpwMMHanMTeTa m ynoTpeÔM HacMTba. O ße nyKOTMHe, npeMa MapeHy, OTKpMBajy y fleny npwcycTBO Hanona M3ôpMcaHMX 3HaKOBa concTBeH or CTBapaita, npwcycTBO ohmx flpyiiiTBeH0 -MCT0pMjcKMX cn/ia KojwMa Y r o n n ja fly ry je CBoje nocTojanbe, u Koje cy 3aMMiu7beHe fla ocTaHy HeBMfl/bMBe. Ycpefl onMca Y r o n n je - 6e3BpeMeHor, HenoKpeTHor, CMHxpoHor, HanMK Mann - oncTajy mpazoeu HapaTMBa Kojw y 3aBpmeHOM np0M3B0fly 03HanaBajy CKpMBeHe npomece noM ohy Kojwx je HaHMHbeH. O ße KpaTKe, MCijenKaHe HapaTMBHe eHK/iaBe yHMuiTaßajy cTpyKTypHO jeflMHCTBO onw ca, KMflajy n/iaTHO, n u m e M a­ peH, Ha KOMe ce oaiM KaBa Hajôo/ta B/iaflaBMHa.21 A hm , TaMO rfle MapeH

roBopw o n0KMflaH0M nnaTHy, ja 6mx roBopwo, 6ap y BehwHM npwMepa Koje

oh

aHanM3Mpa, o cynTMTiHoj BeiiiTMHM aHaM0pcf)O3e Koja CTarao

CTaBTBa y nMTaH>e concTBeHM CTaTyc m CTaTyc CBeTa Koju npeTeH flyje fla npeflCTaBM. To jecT, M3niefla fla MapeH noTijett>yje M opoßy caMocßecT, caMOCBecT Koja je 6ap OBfle jeflHaKa H>eroBHM rancKMM napitaijM M a. A k o y YTonwjM n ocT oje BeoMa 3HanajHe „c/iene MpTbe“ - Ha npMMep,

ypôaHO ypel)eH>e Koje He M3i7iefla Kao fla fl03B0/baBa ijeHTpa/iM30BaHo Mcno^aBaHje Mohn Koje cmctcm, nnaK, 3axTeBa - OHe n o c ro je Kao m BeTiMKa, cpeflMUiH>a c/iena Mp/ta y Xo/i6ajHOBMM AMÔacadopuua: Kao npeflMeT flyôoKe, 3awrpaHe na>KH>e yMeTHMKa.

nocTojw m T a K B a je fla ce HMicafl H e M O * e y n o T n y H O C T M pa3peumra, B e p 0 BaTH0 m HaMepHo“ (272). Y Self-Consuming Artifacts: The Experience o f Seventeenth Century Literature (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972) Cren/ni i>mu flaje CHa>KHy KpwTMMKy aHa;iM3y eKBMBaneHTa aHaMopcj)()3c y k i i . i d k c b h o c t m ; BMfl., napoMWTO, r/i. 3, „The Dialectic of the Self in Herberts Poetry“, 156 223. 21 Louis Marin, Utopiques: jeu x despaces (Paris: Minuit, 1973), HI V „l.ies and the Limitable Inane: Contradiction in Mores Utopia" (Renaissance Quarterly 26 11973], 173180), A/ian Hejre/i TBpflM fla Mop y «mm V roiin je itiiMcpno y6auyje upoimipeMnoc in KaKO y y/iory m y kh>m3m m iitt yHKij;Mje y CBaKOflHeBHOM >KMBOTy, a;iM cy OB^e npncyTHe Kao pi Kpeai^Mja, eneraHTHa n rp a yBa^ceHMx m 036m;bhmx Jbypvi. XyMaHMCTM ni»y m py He BMfle Kao 6 c k c tb o 0 « 036m ;bh0ctm Hero Kao HeniTO rpal)aH -

•i>t),

iio 6 on>maBaH>e

cneijncjjHHHo /byflCKnx mo!im. Kao TaKBM, rno6ycM

11 hOMnacM, y3 nayTy m 4>nayTe, CMenrreHM cy 6 e3 npoTMBpenHOCTM no|" ,n Kii.wre o TproBaHKoj apnTMeTMijM, c jeflHe crpaHe, m 6 orocnoBCKe i* 11•11re, c flpyre CTpaHe, 6 am Kao l l i t o cy 7ia>KHM an(J)a6 eT m Mane Ymotw ir noBe3aHM - a o c tio b h o m 4>MrypaTMBHO - ca TparaiteM 3a n3Bopw-

1m

/i.y^cKe

6e ^ e

m M oryhH ocTM M a BnaflaBMHe

Jbypvi.

M cK p w B ^eH a

jio-

OniM n a Xon6 ajHOBOj ctimijm, ynpKoc cb o jo j cyMopHOcrM, n p eflcraB T b a in mi in nocMaTpany Ha nrpy, aok je HMTanau; Ymonuje no3BaH fla yl)e y ftpM 'lObMBO 0 rpaI)eH0 nrpaTranrre, Koje unaK MMa 3aroHeTaH 0flH0 c ca |n< i dm BaH H>era.22 To i h t o ce 3anrpaHOCT y AMĆacadopuMa ycpeflcpehv I« im ;io6 aH,y yKa3yje Ha t o fla TexHMKa aHaM0p(J)03e MOJKfla flenoM ...... II Me MM3 Cpe^HjOBeKOBHMX MeTOfla MeflMTaiJiMje, HapOHMTO KOHLjeHI pnunj e Ha o6jeK aT - necTO MpTBaHKy r/iaBy - u ito 0 M 0 r y h a B a o c n o Onlniii.e Ofl CBeTa, c x B a T a a e TaniTMHe TbyflCKor >KMBOTa m M ny3opH or

i n i M inn a CTBapHOCTM.23 M or/io 6 m c e tbp^mtm # a Xa/i6ajHOBa cnMKa •in nu/iM3Mpa nponadawe obmx MeTOfla, ry6MTaK MHTeH3MTeTa kojm c e

l l i 'l i r C;lMO flenMMMHHO 06 HOBMTM y3 nOMOh M7iy3MOHMCTMHKMX TpM........ .win, aKo je TaKO, MopaMO 3aK7byHMTM fla je obo npona,n;aibe n p o im mo ue/iMHaHCTBeHM eeTeTeKM Hycnp0M3B0fl. M, flOK m Ymonuja Ta­ l i •!(• MtttK/ja A yryje noHeuiTO TexHMi^M MeflMTaijMje, o^BojeHoj o# CBoje M|'iii»()n rne CBpxe, mobck 6 m ce M3 M opoBor p e r n TeniKO Morao yBepMTM n i !• irxiiMKa y craiby nponaflaH>a. \' (»e iMano cmmm cBojMM TeKCTOBMMa M op ce CTa;mo M3HOBa Bpali i h i M>/ie6/bMBOCT HOBeKOBor o ce h a ja 3a cTBapHOCT, Ha ynMTaHocT o n i i •miiM cpeflCTHMMa Mepeiba m npeflCTaB/ban>a, Ha yKa3MBan>e c/ieiiii ■. i\ip/ba y iberoBOM bm^hom no/by. Y YmeuiHOM p a 3 2 o e o p y E h to h m

’ ' inonuja upaKTM'ino mfl0B0n>aBa cbc ycnonc nrpe Koje onwcyje JoxaH Xoj3nnray ■ . a KaKO je 6 yflaH, mtim p a can>a KaKO ra M3a3MBajy p a flOKa>Ke CBojy 6 yflHOCT, mtim can>a fla je 0 flr 0 B 0 pM0 Ha OBaj M3a30B noMepaibeM yflOBa mtim pa3yMHMM roBopoM, mtim fla caiba KaKO caMO o n n cy je TaKaB caH CBojnM npnjaTeTBMMa,

h / im

c a ita Kano je KOHaMHO npM3BaH, BaH Tena u penn,

HenoMepjbMBOM yBepen>y y flyiim fla je 6 yflaH. HnjeflaH ofl B m h cch to bmx oflroBopa He

hm hm

HMiiiTa fla 3aycTaBM BpTornaBM nafl y 6 ecKO-

HaHHO B p ah aite CHOBa Koju ce orneflajy jeflaH y flpyroMe; Kao ih to je cny*iaj m ca ctimhhmm nrpaM a Hmkotic Ky 3 aHCKor, yM je MCTOBpeMeHO npMMopaH Ha npM3HaBait.e craH>a flOMum/baita y cbmm cBojMM onepaLjMjaMa, m Ha ncnoBeflaHbe Bepe .24 Y obmm pacnpaBaM a, Ka>Ke Ehtohm , KOHa^Ho M0 paM 0 fla ce npnKTiOHMMO ,,kh>m3m 6 o:»cjoj“

m

,,3ajeflHMHKoj

Bepw XpwcTOBe KaTOTiMHKe u;pKBe“25. T p e 6 a H arn acM T M fla OBa Bepa hmje o b z o e o p Ha cneKy/iau;Mje o CHy u 6 yl)eH>y; n p e 6 m ce, u onpaBflaH nje,

Morno pehu fla fl03B0TbaBa fla OBe cneKyTiaijnje n p eo 6 pa>KaBajy y Mrpy mmctim Koje 6 h MHane Mor/ie boamtm, KaKO M op yKa3yje, y caM oy 6 nctb o

hhm

y jep ec.

OBfle 6mcmo MoraM fla ce noflceTMMO jeflH or o 6jeKTa Ha X 0 Ti6 ajH0 B0j

ctimljm Kojn cmo flo cafla jeflBa u npMMeTMTiM: pacn eh a, caMO Hanona BMfl/BMBor Ha KpajH>eM py 6 y 3aBece. O Baj 3HaK Huje OTnopaH Ha noHMnrreibe - Ha Kpajy KpajeBa, m oh, Kao m cBe ocTano, n ocT aje 3aMai7i>eH Kafla ce y (|)OKyc craBM n o 6 aiba - a iinaK ce MO^e pehu fla MMa M3BecHy KynTHy HenponycHOCT 3a K0p03MBH0 flejcTBO aHaM0p(J)03e. Y tom cmmCTiy, MaprMHanHO npncycTBO pacneha - cnM 6 o/ia >KMBOTa MCKynn>eHor ofl cmptm - caHKU,MOHMine MapruHanHO npncycTBo no 6 aii.e - CMM6 oTia CMpTM Koja Bpe 6 a Mcnofl JKMBOTa. Ctimhho TOMe, EHTOHujeBa Bepa je TeopnjcKM nofl/io^KHa onTy>K6 n fla je caH, anvi M op 0 fl6 n ja fla M3Befle apryMeHT totimko flaneKO, jep ynpaBO Bepa npM3MBa cneKynau;Mjy, naK

m Kafla MCKZbynyje 6 ecKOHaHHM perp ec. A tim MMa hm Ty MKaKBor jeMCTBa HenponycHOCTM 3a noflpMBaHKO flejcTBO aHaM0p(J)03e? Mmctimm fla HeMa, hm y ctimijm hm y kh>m3m: CBaKy CMrypHOCT Mopa fla HaMeTHe cnoTta, nojeflMHau;, mam 3ajeflHMu,a Koja TyMann, c MHTepecoM fla ce yTBpflM MBpcTa TaHKa, BaH 6 ecKpajHMX ocu,M7iau,nja HenoMnpTBMBMx yr/iOBa rneflaH>a. X 0 Ti6 ajH 0 Ba CTiMKa M3rnefla HaMepHO flBocMMcneHa y n o n iefly Kpajn.er M3Bopa OBe cnrypHocrM : npM3BaHM cy m KaTOTMHKa utpKBa

m

/iyTepaHCKa Bepa,

m

mo>kcmo fla yoiiMMo fla cy u n.eroBM paHM-

u Kao mro PoHa/ifl /IeBao noKa:iyjc y c i i o m ;ie Ky3aHCKor pa3BMja; H»en iiajno u i - m i j i i ii|»uk.« 25 D ialogue o f Com fort, I M.

t |r

omi rcMa ce t o k o m luipiijepe y D cd octa ignonm thi

H h k o

lu i monoM yzneduuKa: Mopoeo caMooônuKoeawe u caMononuiumewe

49

jii A p B o p e 3 M c TeMOM n n e c a CMpTM M3 pal)eH M , c p a 3 MaKOM ofl h c k o t im k o I'«»MilHa,

m

KOfl KaTonMHKMX m KOfl n p oT ecT aH T C K M X u iT a M n a p a y TIm o-

ii v f> M o p o B y m e w .H U p a 32 o e o p , H an p o T M B , HM M a/io Hwje flB o cM M cn eH : h n o i i H j e B a CMrypHOCT He n oH M B a Ha o c e h a i b y B ep e n o jeflM H ija, H e r o Mil M ohw K o jy fle n e C b c t o nw cM O m y cT aH O B a K o ja K O H T p o n m n e HberoBO i

\M.uieibe.

C M en ocT

Ymonuje T p e 6 a

MepMTM

KpajibOM MaprMHanM30Ba-

itm n h y C B e T o r n w cM a m B e p e X p u c r o B e KaTonM H K e u,pK Be: y O flô p a H y \ miiM jcKM X n pM H ijM na X M T /io flej h c k o tim k o n y T a n pM 3 MBa „y n en b e“ m Ktiy ro p iiT e T “ X p w c T a , a n u MHCTMTyijMOHa/iHe nocne,n,MLi;e 0 B 0 r a y T o p w i • i .i o c x a j y H en o M e H y T e. K a o m X o n ô a jH , M o p j e M cn p efl p a c n e h a p e n v i M M'iiio n a B y K a o 3 a B e c y .27 ( ) n o i h t o c je f lM H b y je Y m o n u j y U pH O BH O M a y T o p M T e T y i ^ p K B e -

eH M rM aT M H H y y c b o m o f l H o c y n p e M a

m Y m e t u n u p a .3 Z 0 6 0 p

-

H e flB O C M M O ie -

ii" n o t u e h e H o b o m a y T o p M T e T y - j e c T e M o p o b o a o > k m b o th o 3aH M M aH >e

hi n p o H w j e K o j e M 3 p a c T a j y M 3 H O B e K O B o r H B p c r o r B e p o B a i b a y M 7 iy 3 M je . i

m ,.w ian i ii

K o jn

M HCM CTM pa H a T O M e f la j e ô y ^ a H

f i n \O H H M a H 3

M opoBe

M pe-

M n a f lO C T M . „ C T a p m M T ia fl, M y n i K a p a u ; m > K e H a ,

O ui .11 h c w p o M a x , n p M H E [ m n a ^ c “ , n w r n e o h

H|'iiieiie ■ in

caM O je je ^ H a y

n \ K B M X M p o H M ja K o j e M O » e M O f l a H a ^ e M O j o u i m y n p e T e H u ,M 0 3 H M M

i y,

llo c n e d w e n em u p u

caMO

c m o 3 a T O H e H M u ;M , m y

Miuti'K ne MOHce fla Him m \n flit mi

cm eap u

(1 5 2 2 ),

K apaK T epM C T M H H O y H e f lo ,,C B e ^ o k ) k m b h m o

6e3ÔeflHOM

n o ô e r H e “, a caM O

Ha

obom

3 a T B o p y , M 3 K o r a H M je ,n ,a H

HeKO/iMi^MHa

H a c je y c n e n a fla 6 a ijM

n a 3 M flM H e , m n o H O C M M O c e K a o f l a c m o c j i o ô o æ h m . M / i m , „ H M T a B

/ k m b o t c a M O j e H e M 3 7 ie H M B a 6 o n e c T , K a o H e M 3 n e H M B M H M p , i h t o

ce

1 1i i n o i n o j w m H aH O B O p a c T e , O T M ^ e m > k m b m k o j i m k o m m m , m K O H a ^ H O ih « y M ibM B O y M w p e o f l M C Te 6 o / i e c T M , K a o p ,a r a H M je h m 6 m / i o “ 28 -

a /iM

hn;|. Natalie Zemon Davis, „Holbeins Pictures o f Death and the Reformation at I w ii’i Studies in the Renaissance 3 (1956), 97-130. ( ) o/jHocy M3MeI)y Ymonuje m MopoBor x p n m h a H C T B a ômtio je flocTa pacnpaBe. I |,i|mi inpri Hmmja h najcyiiTM;iHnja je, no mom MMin/beH>y, pacnpaBa y . X. XeKcrepa y Hit iMMiiM MajcTopcKOM yBOfly 3a Jej/IOBO n3flaH>e Ymonuje, yp. Hexter m Edward Surtz, I I , » omplctc Works 4 (1965), Haponwro crp. lxiv-lxxxi. XeKCTepoBy TBpflH>y noflynwpe I ....... ... (Oucntin Skinner) y „Mores U to p ia P a s t and Present 38 (1967), 152-168, w y IIii1 I iiiindiltlons o f Modern Political Thought, 2 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University I'h I'i'/H), I: 19311. Mc-byTHM, CKmiep nperepyje Kafl TBpflM fla Mop nMn/imjwpa « a i" i • iloc ra ru canpiiKMiM xpmuhaHMH 6 e 3 HKaKBor ii03iiaBaH ,a npKBe w i n ibeHwx

m

( .’ 11), M op jc na/iwi.Mu h iberoBM cranoiiHMUM Y ro in ije iipe^BMbajy eBO/iyijMjy

...... 11• I'i mii MjcKMx yiicpni.u , m ouw eyjeficH M rno yiio!)CHiC „MMeiia XpncTOBor, n»eroB or

#i>'ii i i-.ipuKTcpa, 'iy;in, n ne Maii.c neny oflanoCT miioi mx My'U’imKa" (217). l our l.ast 'Ihlngy y lliomns More, '¡he Workcs... in the Hnglysh longe (London, h'» i h i. h i .

CaM 006nuK 06 a w e y p en ecan cu

50

caMO HeKO/MijMHa Mel)y HaMa pa3yMe Harne CTaibe, m mm ce y 3H0 CMM0 , Kao fla cmo 3flpaBM. MCTy BM3Hjy BMflMMO M3pa>KeHy TOTOBO MCTMM peHMMa y MopoBMM MnaflanaHKMM enMrpaMMMa m n 0 H0 B0 , npefl Kpaj >KMBOTa, y Y m eiu H O M

pa32oeopy:

OBa fle;ia jacHO npeflcraBTbajy ynopaH mnoHaBTbaHM MMnync

npeMa y 3HeMMpyjyhoj CTBapHOCTM. A y CBojoj flyöoKoj jimiuchoctm M7iy 3Mja, OHa cy ochob HberoBor nyBeHor xyMopa HMja je HajocoöeHMja ofljiMKa onMCMBaBbe TbyflM ynneTeHMX y concTBeHe (J)aHTa3Mje: A k o BMflMin fla je h ck o mctmhckm noHocaH u i t o h och n en y 3/iaTHy xa;ty , flOK, waKO HMinTapwja, Mrpa nopfla y npeflcraBM, 3ap ce Hehern CMejaTM H>eroßoj /iyffOCTM, 3acw rypH 0 3HajyhM fla he oh , Käß ce npeflCTaßa 3aBpm n, o r a h u Kao cn y ra, y cbom crapoM KanyTy?

Cafl tm

mmc/imiii o ceö n Kano cm

flOBOTbHO Myßap, flOK ce y3H0CMm y concTBeHoj xa/bw niyMHa, m 3a6op aBTbarn fla hem, Kafl ce n p eß craB a 3aBpniM, OTnhn m cto TaKO CMpoMamaH Kao m oh. Hmtm hem ce cctm tm fla TBoja npeflCTaßa, Kao m tte ro B a , Mo^ce fla ce 3aBpmw.29

n o 3opMuiHe MeTa^ope Mopy cy ÖM/ie OMM/beHe, m c flOÖpMM pa3noroM: to je TaHKa y Kojoj ce 0 flB0jeHM m HaM3r/iefl flMCKOHTMHyanHM acneKTM H>eroBe er3McreHE(Mje cnajajy, flOflMpyjy m pe30 HMpajy. Jep, no3opHMi;a, Kao cmmöoti TbyflCKor nocTojaH>a, KOMÖMHyje cyKo6 n>eHe nepcneKTMBe XonöajHOBe c/iMKe: TeaTap oflaje npM3HaH>e CBeTy KojM bo/im - m/im 6 ap 6 e3 Kora He Mo^ce fla *mbm - naK m aok Taj cbct pacKpMHKaBa Kao Ke nyflocT HOBeKOße npeTeHi^M03 H0 CTM, fla noflceTM Ha ße/MKy paßHaTe/bCKy Moh CMpTM, Koja /iMinaßa Kpa/ba H>eroBe öoraTe Ofle^fle m CBOflM ra Ha Kpajy Ha mcto craibe y KOMe je HajyöorMjM npocjaK. MeTa-

4>opa MMa paBH0 Te^KH0 flejcTBo naK m6 e3 npM3MBaH>a cmptm, jep 3aMMui7baH>e Kpan>a Kao flpaMCKe ynore, ca CKynMM koctmmom m floöpo yße>KÖaHMM TeKCTOM, noTeHi^MjanHo je mcto uito m HberoBa fleMMCTM^JMKaijMja, CBof)eH>e nocBeheHe cmmöotimkc Ha umoKMije. OnacHe MMnnMKa ijMje OBe fleMMCTM(|)MKaijMje Mory ce cacBMM jacHO BMfleTM y MopoBöM enMrpaMy „O Kpajby m cejbaKy“. Ce;baK KojM je pacTao y rnyMM flo;ia3M y rpafl mBMflM Kpa/beBCKy noBopKy. Kafl roMn;ia y 3BMKHe „>KMBeo Kpa/b!" mycxMheHO 3ypM y Bnaflapa, ce/baK bmkiic „I fle je Kpa/b? I'fle je Kpa/b?“

29 Ibid., 84. Yn. Translations o j l.tu lun. v|• < t«In 1< Thompson, y More, Complc’c Works 3: 1 (1974), 176 177.

hi i mo/ioM yznednuKa: Mopoeo caM ooón u K oeaw e u caM onoH um m ew e

51

A jeflaH ofl nocMaTpana o^ roB ap a: „Ebo ra , OHaj iu to ce^M Ha ohom KOH>y.“ ( '.ivi.aK Ka)Ke: „To je Kpa/b? Mmchmm fla Me 3aBMT/iaBaTe. MeHM M3r/iefla K a o

'loneK y yKpameHoj oflefrw.“30

( )flaBfle je caM O je^aH KopaK flo peBonyijnoH apH or 6 eca IJoH a B o n a , .......6 ap #o r o p K e /byTH>e M o p o B o r /raKa Pa(J)ae/ia XnT/io,n;eja, K o jn ce

(i\ hm n poTM B

3aB e p e

ó o ra T w x . A hm, n o 3o p im iH a MeTa(|)opa c e y M o p o -

luiM /je/raM a M H oro n e n ih e OKpehe y H y T p a, M cn o /b aB ajyíra H>er0 B 0 T p a |IIMtMMMHO CXBaTaübe ^KMBOTa KOjM 5KMBMMO y CTa/IHOM yfla/I>aBaH>y Ofl ■ I n.ipiiocTM. C

bm

c y jbyRM. yxB aheH M y niiiH e3/raM c/iojeBH M a (J>aHTa-

Hii)• iiocM aTpan c e CMeje n /r a je

6 ecaH

Kap, bm^m KaKO c e flp y r n ropflM

■ •hi 11y ie po r/iy M aij, y n n e i» 'n y t|)anTa3Mjy. M o p o b o o c e f r a i t e /byzjcKe ancypflHOCTM TaKO r a m c t o Iju m c iio bo,íi¡m n p eM a ñpyniT B eH oj KpnTMijn, m noflpw Ba OBy KpMTMKy, Bm 'u yluiBajyfiM My fía MCMeje n fle o /io r n jy m oÍíhm x, a /r a y 3 030M7bHe ■ i « m ilje npaKTMHHMx n o c/ie^ M ija

0B0r

n cM eB aib a. P eB o n y i^ n ja, KaKO je

III M npKc MMCTiMo, He MO>Ke fía KOMyHMijnpa c a yHyTpauiH>MM o ó ja B a Ifltt MCC’I BapHOCTM.

M fl)yriiM , 6m/io 6m norpeniHO ocraBMTM pacnpaBy o no3opMinHoj ■MT>u|u)pi4 KOfl M opa Ha HMBoy H>eroBor yHyTpaniH>er >KMBOTa, je p Mel(u|inp.i

11pii/iMHHO 6 / im ck o KopecnoHflMpa ca CTBapHOM TeaTpa/ra3aijM-

il»M |iimior >KMBOTa y flpyniTBy KojwM cy B/ia,u,a/ra XeHpn VIII m KapflM|| wi lly/i:»M. XeHpwjeB yKyc 3a /iyKcy3He xa/be, oópeflHe ro3Óe, na^ceBe, Ih> iu

11 n p o c n a B e 3anaH.no je H>eroBe caBpeMeHMKe n flyóoKO yTHijao noMne-

P » mu sony KOHijenijHjy Mohn. MopoB xyMopncTHHKn npwKa3 |n

ivp.ui.eBCKe noBOpKe fla/ieKO npeBa3nna3e fíerajbH m o n n cn Kpa/ba

1py 1u x n,eroBMX caBpeMeHMKa, o n n cn Kojn CKopo yBeK SBy^e Kao 11 napoflMja, w TOTOBO HHKafla t o HMcy. HaK ce m XeHpnjeBO CHa| ii" 11 iiiiMCT/bMBO Te/10 6e3Ma/io ry ó n ncno# noBe/inKe Mace CBanera

Mr*

« p i i i y;i»a, nepja, M e r a p a óoraTMx TKaHHHa - KojoM ce 3aTpnaBa; 1. 1M .1, n o u y r

ocm m

Na/inja y CnjeHn\ Hajpa3MeT/bMBnjnx, onepeTCKnx

lp > "i \i iu 'ia. y Hamoj Ky/iTypn HeMa Hnnera

u it o

naK u 6/iefío H aroBe-

Iim im oi»y MaxiiM iy crpacT npeMa yKpamaBaH>y:

//ir I iilhi lipigrams o) 'Iliornas More, yp. u upen. I.cicester Bradner u Charles Arthur mi«' lt |( lili ugo: Univcrslty ofChicago Press, 1953), 205 206. I limito (Pulió di Sima), i iieTKOBMHa Koja ce OAp>Kana y CMjeiiM 2. jyna, Ha /JaH MaW ' "• I Ipimeimaini, m 16, ¡mi y c r a , na Ba3Heceii.e lio ro p o flu n c, y Kojoj y iiecTByje 10 ja B

a yHeTMx y H>eroBy y n o T p e 6y n o 3o p M iiiH e Mc i a(|)ope. M op oB >kmbot je, H a K p a jy K p a je B a , mctm hckm 3 6 yH>yjyhw m

Hryro^aH, yTOJiMKO Burne ih t o c e oflBMja y E H rn e cK o j noneTKOM 16. B e­ n i. r^e upeflCTaBTba HeuiTO cacBMM M3y 3eTHO. Jep, H>eroB >kmbot M3n ie Kao HMiiiTa MaH.e po obo: M3yM y 3HeM M paBajyhe Heno3HaTor o 6 nMKa i mi\ i m, HaneTor, MpoHMHHor, AyxoBM Tor, CM eiHTeHor M3M el)y aH ra^KM aihi u yAa/baBaH>a u, M3Hafl C B e r a , n 0 T n y H 0 CBecTaH c o n cT B e H o r CTaTy• ti K a o w 3 y M a . O b m e n e M e H T M M o r y c e 3aMMC/iMTM y >KMB OTMMa A p y r M x |)iiju c y M y n p e T x o f l M n n , a p a n i T p K a H O , M 3 o n o B a H o ; k o a M o p a c y o h m i »i m o c

B e c H O M H T e r p M c a H M u C T a B T b eH M y n o K p e T m y KH iM ^ ceB H O M « m c -

»• \ |ic y m y C T B a p H O M C B e T y . H a p a B H o , p a 3 H M K a M 3 M e l ) y KH>M>KeBHOCTM m ll|io/KMB/beHe c T B a p H O C T M , K o j y M M n / i M i jM p a K p a j n p e T x o f l H e p e n e H M L j e , k u p a n o c e y K M f l a M o p o B M M HaHM HO M >KM BO Ta. J e p , j e # H a o a n o c n e f l i i t(n

K n n o T a n p o jK M B T b e H o r H a H a n i iH xMCTpMOHCKe M M n p o B M 3 a u ;M je j e -

P T r y T o is ie p a c e K a T e r o p M j a C T B a p H o r C T a n a c K a T e r o p n j o M (J )M K T M B H o r ; Hi l o p i i j c K M M o p j e H a p a T M B H a (J )MKu;Mja. H a n p a B M T M c a M C B o j y y / i o r y ,

u uc

im

c B o j >k m b o t K a o K a p a K T e p ypoH >eH y a p a M y , c r a / m o c e M M n p o -

ttn n m a n o o 6 H a B / b a jy h M u 6 m t m y B e K c B e c T a H c o n c T B e H e H ecTBapH O C TM i i k .ii» j e 6 m o M o p o B >k m b o t , II n je

iii

a jy h e y B e3M c TaKBM M n p o je K T O M je c T e c r a / m a

• ii i' i0|K*(|)/ieKCMBH0CT K o jy

oh 3 a x T e B a m, c tom caMope4)neKCMBHomhy,

i 1.1 ui io caMOOTyl)eH>e. M o p je n ocB eh eH cra/raoM nocraB;baH >y nMTa-

ii i

II l ra 6m ’M op’ peKao o OBOMe?“, a nocTaBTbaTM TaKBO nMTaH>e nofl-

|io i y mc*i»a M0ryhH0CT p;pyrMX MfleHTMTeTa HeMcnyH>eHMx oppe^eHOM i

noi

ih

Kojy ynpaB o npojeKTyje. OpaT/ie

om

ofirne

M i n .i

ceH K e

u iM M c n M

Koje

cy

cy

ce,

M3 T a M e , n p M i n y H > a n e

ra npaTMne tokom HMTaBe Kapnjepe, He

C B ecH or

M aH M n y/ racaH > a

MacKOM, B e h ceH K a

caM O

flp y r M x

n i' im irrcTa. TpanaK cb cttio ctm noHeKafl o 6 a cja HeKe oa HjMX, Kao Kapa Mo|> k.dkc MaprapeTM fla 6m ce, pa HMje 6mho nopoAMije, OflaBHO 6mo

ImmipMo y KaKBy ycKy

h e / iM jy ,

m/im Kapa nMine o CBojMM

y 3H eM M py-

iHniM iioc/iobhmm o6aBe3aM a y nMCMy riMTepy rM7iMcy, y npeA roBopy v I n m n u ju : i i .unio liiM :iaoiy caMor MAeHTMTeTa, Kpaj CBaKe MMnpoBM3au;Mje, 6 c k c tb o M3 HapaTMBa. CaH ce, KaKO he ce bmactm, OAMrpaBa y Ymonuju , a H>eroBa je nocneAMija Aa M opoB >kmbot, m He caMO n > ero B jaBHM >kmbot y cyAHMijM MJiM y Kpa^beBCKoj ynpaBM, Beh m HberoB npMBaTHM >kmbot y

concTBeHOM AOMahMHCTBy, mtim Mel)y npMjaTe/bMMa, M3i7ieAa komtioho-

ean o, u3MuuubeHO. A ko mojkcmo Aa BepyjeMO Ponepy, OBaj KBa/iMTeT n p oT e3ao ce HaK m Ha H>eroB M36op cy n p y re: KaKO n p n n a Ka>Ke, M op

je Bojieo Apyry Khep M acTepa KonTa, a/iM KaAa je cxBaTMO Aa he CTap n ja Khep 6mtm n o c m l)e H a TMMe u ito je npecKoneHa, o h je „M3 M3BeCHe caMMnocTM ycMepMO CBojy na>KH>y npeMa Hboj, m y 6 p 3 0 n0T0M ce BeH^ao c KbOMe“ (199). Mo>KAa je o b o nopoAMHHM mmt, a/in nocToje n ApyrAe MHorM AOKa3M, yK/bynyjyhM m M opoBo M3pa>KajHO CBeAoneH>e

y nMCMy IJaj/icy, o concTBeHoj cnpeMHOCTM Aa „ycMepM CBojy na>KH>y“. „MaKO ce tm, npeMa BaHpeAHoj 6mctpmhm CBora yMa, MHoro pa3HMKyje n i oa BehMHe npMnpocTMx Tbyj\W\ nMine Epa3MO y npeAroBopy Ilo-

xean u nydocmu, „MnaK y tbom c

K a p a K T e p y MMa H e B e p O B a T H e TbynKOCTii

m npMnaroAHjMBOCTM Aa m /iaKO m ca y>KMBan>eM onniTMin ca CBaKMM K a o MOBeK

ca hobckom “” . M opa „H e B pel)ajy hm noTBpl)eHM ktiobhobm“,

Ka^ce Epa3MO Y/ipnxy cJ)oh XyTeHy HeK0/inK0 roAMHa paHMje, „jep ce npMnaroi)aBa c M3BaHpeAHOM naKohoM yKycMMa CBeTMHe; ao k je ca >KeHaMa, na naK m ca concTBeHOM >kchom, H>eroB pa3roBop n y H xyMopa M pa3M rpaH O C T M .“ 36

35 Utopia, 4. * ToMac Mop, Ymonuja, Beorpafl, 2002, 34. Cbm HaBOfln m3 Ymonuje p,arvi cy npeMa o b o m M3flaH.y KHbHre - npuM. npee. ** Epa3M o PoTepAaMCKM, Tloxeana nydocmu, Pufl, beorpafl, 1980, 5. C bm HaBOflM h i Floxeanenydocmu npeHeTM c y npeMa o b o m n: w m .y I Ip U M . npen. 36 Praise o f Folly, npee. Hoyt Hopewell Hudson (New York: Modern Library, 1941), 2; The Epistles o f Erasmus, npe». h a n d s Morgan Nit liols, 3. vols (New York: Russell & Russell, 1963), 3: 392. ,,l»n;io on reiiiKo' . iip H M ch yje Hpa:iMo y c u o m um My, „nahn 6n;ioJ

I.«, tim/ioM yenednuKa: Mopoeo caM OodnuKoeawe u caM onoH uium ewe

57

( >n,i npoTejcica npMnaroflTBMBOCT TecHO je noBe3aHa ca MopoBMM k t i ,i'iiinm oc/iaH>aH>eM y nncaH>y Ha xwnoTeTMMKy CMTyaijMjy. O b o je , H h iiix ik o , jeflHO ofl KapaKTepMCTMHHMx opyl)a npaBHMKa m peTopMHapa, ■/IK y cu ojoj MCTpajHOCTM

■ .....

m

MHTeH3MTeTy, 3a M opa oho M3rnefla fla je

uwwe. „ripeTnocTaBM ^a“, „UTra aKO 6m“, „Hexa, paflM n p eT n o-

■ i ..... vc", „3aM M C/m“, „IlpeflCTaBM cc6 m“ - H>eroB yM paflw 6pM^>aHTHO

B , ii n /ic/ja, HeyMMTHo Ha OBaj HannH.37 MopoBM HenpwjaTeibM CBaKaxo

■ rtiwiM neoMa B i

i •01 i i Ko

CBecHM itero B e c k tio h o c tm npeMa cjDMKiinjaMa:

,,r.

M op

Ayro KopMCTWo CBoje necHMHKe (Jjwrype“, nurne TMH/yi, ,„n;a

■ I f (ii|>c riiocTaBjbaM) Ka^a je HajBMine rpenm o, 36o r ^yre HaBMKe B ep o i .»ko roBopw noTnyHy MCTMHy.“38 3 a TnHfl/ia je noe3Mja cmhohmm

M n

H x 'i,u ¡iii.e; t o je norpfla: „ O necHMne, 6e3 cpaM a!“ E b e r o B jeflMHM ycTy-

H i,ti rtoi aTiijeM CMMcny jecTe flonyniTaHje fla je M o p M o^fla nonycTw o ■ | " Mt oncTBeHMM 4)ancM(J)MKaTiiMa. A nn 3a M o p a , Kao iu to cm o BMfle■ n

«I'Mknwje cy MMane flaneKO cno^ceHwjy w HeyxBaT/bMBnjy (JjyHKi^wjy.

■

...... narnacMTM fla

oh

He MCKjbynyje, HanpocTO, T mhatiob cMMcao;

oh

H|ti>i ■ iia>Kno ocehaH >e m 3 a HaHMH Ha KojM Tbypn KopwcTe „necHMHKe

1|"11 vpo

1

:»a /ia ra H .e , m 3 a HaHMH Ha Kojn c e

jhypn

y n e m a j y y c o n cT B e H e

■ • I iniini.oTH iie. A n n , o h noTOM CTBapa co n cT B eH y y n o r y m w rp a je y 3

l i< myivine. A aKO je

■

obo

o6nMKOBaH>e MfleHTMTeTa 03HaKa OTyl)eH>a

I m it \' iirm im jcr y rcm opy ex tem p ore, nouiTO HajcpehHwje m hctm noxoflM HajcpetiHHjw ■•tiii

;|hk paayM, Kojn XBaTa m npeflBnl)a cBe u ito npo/ia3M, h cnpeMHO c e h a ite , nouiTO

H k i m m («• On/io HMa Ha /iarepy, oflMax flajy o h o lu to BpeMe, mtim npw/iMKa, 3axT eB ajy“ 1................ cMa lip a 3 My, Kafla ce M o p o k c h m o , ,,M3 a 6 p ao je BeoM a M/iafly fleBojK y, flaM y ^ ■ l 1'nlii'iiiy, jo in HC0 6 /iMK0 BaH0 r KapaKTepa, Koja je yBeK 6 n/ia Ha ce/iy, c a poflMTen>MMa ■ t > ■ i |',iMa

I|itH ' '

raiK6 a jy „M opam io ycaBpmaBaH>e aM6 n BaneH H nje“ Bn# . H | l \llin.iu, //;HBHjoM,

In y« pc/i CBor

n a ^ M B o r p eann 3M a, opM ax n p n p a je X n T n o p e jy óajKOBM-

! ....... u MMarwHapHOCT. J^ok ce XnT/iopej y p a 3 ro B o p y c a M opoM n I J a j-

I «i.

m m

i ne ycneuiHMje yTBpl)yje Kao noy3paH, opBnja ce nocTynaK Kojn je

I ihm u y no cynpoTaH nojanaHOM pea;iH3My. ToMac M op, co/inpaH, cp ep o ! in hin Ap>KaBHM c/iy>K6eHHK, ca ocMexoM Ha Tinny, cBojnM ophocom ca i

11' i imeM npeTBapa ce y (JjnKnnjy. M opoB ouiTap oceh aj y concTBeHOM

K i u no i y p a je „M op“, CMnniTbeH tih k Kojn n rp a Kao pa je Ha no3opH nnn, im11" m ho ce MaHM(J)ecTyje y TOMe u ito n o c ra je ynpaBO to : Mop, tih k y ti h iiiiiui.chom flnjanory. A y je^HOM TpeHyTKy M3BaHpeflHe caMOCBecTn u upornije, Mop n XnT/iopej pa3MaTpajy ynpaBO Taj n p o n ec npeTBapaI ii ■i y i|iniKaBHe c/iy>K6e. X n T n o p e j I i 'i ii M) o p ó a n y je npep/ior Iln T e p a T n n n c a pa c e , K ao n p o c B e h e H n e n o -

■ i....... .mi MOBeK, ,,npMppy>KH hckom K pa/by“. H n n iT a , npoTH Bn c e o h , He

I Mtmim mime pa HepBwpa nun pa 6y pe óecKopncH nje n, KaKO 6 n t o poKa-

I Ri i

mu c e 6 e 3aMMiii/ba y pp>KaBHOM caBeTy (J)paHnycKor Kpa/ta, KaKO

..........

u p poK cbm p p y r n H aB n jajy 3a paT, c a B e T y jy h n Kpan>y p a y M ep n

i 11........... icily M HfloneHnnjy n a p o r a n n n j y poK n x

cbh

o c ra /in n op cT n n y,

I p h m lo p in ia jy h n ia pa n p n n a ro p n CBoje rpouiKOBe n p n x o p n M a , poK I m i . nu ocra/ in c a n n y j y pa o p o 6 n Hapop. ,,3aMHC7in, paKne, pa caM ja

Miim. IVier R. Allen, „U/i»/»/« und Huropean I Imnanlfim: 'Hie Function of the I’rcfaI lm i i Hi ns mul VcrNofi", Slinili'* In the Renaissance 10(1 ‘XS3), I 107.

CaMoočnuKoeatbe y penecancu

6o

OBe n OBMMa cjiMHHe CTBapM M3Heo n p e fl n>yfle Kojn c y ck 7io h m p a Te CTBapn n o craB / i> ajy Ha y n p aB O cyn pO T aH H anuH ! K a K B a n p n n a rnyBM M a!“

(80). Mop

je n p n H y l)eH p a o,D(o6 pM X M T 7i0,qejeB0 no/ia3M HiTe, a/iM

y 3 B p a h a TBpflH>OM p a je n o T n y H a n y flo c T npoiHMpMTM pa^M K a/m e v ip eje Ha nojeftMHije o fl K o jn x c e HMKaico He MO^ce oneKMBaTM p a m x n p n x B a T e , m/im n aK 0 3 6 m / b h o

pa3MOTpe. T a K B o j aK afleM CKoj 4>nn030(J)MjM HMje Me-

c t o Ha flBopoBM M a B n a ^ a p a , a/ m n o c T o ji i f l p y r a (|)n/i030(|)nja, jo r n n M T O M n ja ,

Koja j e ^ o 6 p o yno3Hana

C B o jy n o 3 o p H M iiy n a j o j c e n p n / ia r o l) a B a , T e C B o jy y / io ry y CBaKOM KOMa-

fly Koju c e f la je o / jM rp a B a npuK/ia/jH O m H a 3aflM B^>yjyhM HaHMH. O B aK B O M (J)M 7i0304)M j0M tm T p e 6 a # a c e c/iy>KMm. J e p , aKO tm , a o k c e npnKa3yje Heica I I n a y T O B a KO M eflM ja y Kojoj počoBM M 3M el)y c e 6 e 3 Ć M ja jy m a n e , M 3 a l)e m Ha c u ;eH y y (J)H n 030(J)C K 0M o f le n y m C TaH ern p a p e n n T y je m o h o M ecT O M3 Okm a e u j e rp e CeH ena p a c n p a B / t a c a H ep O H O M , 3 a p OH/ja He 6 n 6m /io 6o/ be « a cm M rp a o H eM o r c T a T M e r y H e r o u i t o cm , p e u ,M T y jy h n o h o i h t o He n p n c T a je , C T B o p w o TparM KOM M HHy C M T yaijM jy? r io K B a p M h e m m y n p o n a c T M h e m C B akm KOMafl hmm y Hb y H e c e n i H e n iT o

6e3 M K aK Be Be3e, n a M a K a p t o h i t o # a -

je n i 6m /io n o c e 6 n m M H o ro 6 o/be. M a K a K a B 6m o KOMafl u i t o c e npn K a3yje, y H>eMy n r p a j, m t o u i t o 6on >e MOJKern m He K B a p n M y ne/iM H y caM O 3aTO i u t o c n c e tm n p n c e T M O H e n o r p ;p y r o r K ojw j e 6o/bm. (81)

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(fa b u la e )

Koje

M op caBeTyje mcto u ito m /iaraibe ( fa ls a ), a Ta noKBapeHOCT je yT 0 /iMK0 onacHMja jep ce jaBTta y BMfly flp>KaBHe cny»c 6 e. He caMO h ito ce HMiiiTa flo 6 po y flp>KaBM Hehe nocTMhM Hero he HaBOflHO Bp/iM caBeTHMK M3ry-

6 mtm CBojy c;io 6 ofly

m

n o c r a m , nocneflMHHO, r/iyMaij y npeflcraBM KHe-

3a, npeflCTaBM Koja je 3noKo6Ha mcto ko/imko

m

Hepa3yMna.

OBa pacnpaBa, ca CBojMM caMOGBeuiMM iio,ncehaii.Mivia na OnaTona m

CeHeKy, KH>M>KeBHo je peMeK-Ae/io, mito cy npBM

mmtuohm

y m o n u jc

BepoBaTHO npeno3iia/m, a/m ona ri|Hyu i u»/i»a CTnapiin n ropyhn npoi)/ieM, Kaico y MoponoM n hm mom /Mii»oTy Ta ko

m

y Mti'i'oiioj Ky/rrypM.

Ie TiaMKa, m o |hwim cy fla oĆHOBe CBoje cx B a T a ib e o^HOca c a MohHMMa, a HapoHMTO ca pii. ryhoM Mohu Kpa7beBCKMX flB op oB a. 3 a BehwHy je, ihto m He M3Heii.il)yjc, obo Hanpocro 3HaHMno fla 6p30 m )KMypehKM noTpne y cny>K6y h li« ia; Kano X aM neT Ka>Ke o Po3eHKpaHu;y n rnnfleHCTepHy, ohm cy c e y^Mapa/m to m noc/iy. A /im nocToja/io je n 036m;bh 0 m yTeMe/beHO Mcnninmiibe MMnnMKaiiMja OBaKBor noćna, H>eroBMX 0,u;r0B0pH0CTM m onapim rii, a caMO je HeKo;inu(MHa /i>yflM, Kao iuto cy IImko flena MnpaHflomt n lipa3M O, OK/ieBa/ia, o,n;ynHpa/ia ce n 6wna onpe3Ha. Mop, MCTOBpem. n o

aM6mj,M03aH m nofl BenMKMM yTMiiajeM m IlMKa m Epa3Ma, 6mo je

V. |'CflMiiiTy obmx TeMa. floK je nncao npBy KH>Mry y m o n u j e noKymaBao |