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Table of contents :
Content: Foreword.- Preface.- Preface of the 2nd Edition.- Introduction.- 1. Reference of Brain Image Setting.- 2. Orientation of Brain Images.- I. Orientation of the image sections and planes.- II. Standard of the sectional brain image planes and sizes.- III. Adjustment of MRI brain to the reference brain.- IV. Terminology & Labeling.- V. Data collection system for clinicopathologic brain mapping.- VI. Figures (Figs. 1, 2, 3).- 3. Sources of Brain Images.- I. In vivo Images using 7.0T MRI.- II. Cadaver Images by Cryomacrotome.- III. Image reconstruction and volume rendering.- 4. 3D Images by Volume Rendering.- I. Coronal, Sagittal and Axial Cuts- Cadaver (Fig. 4).- II. Coronal, Sagittal and Axial Cuts- MRI (Fig. 5).- III. Sulcus and Gyrus- MRI (Fig. 6).- IV.Brodmann areas-MRI (Fig. 7).- Acknowledgements.- Chapter I. Coronal Images of Cadaver & Human Brain of 7.0T MRI In Vivo.- Chapter II. Sagittal Images of Cadaver & Human Brain of 7.0T MRI In Vivo.- Chapter III. Axial Images of Cadaver & Human Brain of 7.0T MRI In Vivo.- References.- Abbreviations.- Index.
7.0 Tesla MRI Brain Atlas
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Zang-Hee Cho Editor
7.0 Tesla MRI Brain Atlas In-vivo Atlas with Cryomacrotome Correlation Second Edition
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Editor Zang-Hee Cho Neuroscience Research Institute Gachon University Incheon Korea Republic of (South Korea)
ISBN 978-3-642-54397-5 ISBN 978-3-642-54398-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54398-2 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014957396 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
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This work is dedicated to Dr. Gil-Ya Lee, founder of the Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science.
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New Brain Atlas Ultrahigh-Resolution Human Brain Maps, Obtained by 7.0 T MRI In Vivo and Cadaver Cryomacrotome, Based on New Reference System
7.0 T MRI Imaging
Cryomacrotome Imaging
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*
Zang-Hee Cho, Ph.D1, 8
Min Suk Chung, MD, Ph.D2
Young-Bo Kim, MD, Ph.D1 Jae-Yong Han, Ph.D1 Hoon-Ki Min, M.Sc1, 8 Sang-Han Choi, M.Sc1
Jin Seo Park, Ph.D5 Jun-Won Lee, B.S.2 Hyo-Seok Park, B.S.5 Dong Sun Shin, Ph.D2 Dong-Hwan Har, Ph.D6 Do-Hee Cho, M.Sc.6
Neuroanatomy
Neurology
*
*
Je-Geun Chi, MD, Ph.D3 Chan-Woong Park, MD, Ph.D1 Cheol-Wan Park, MD, Ph.D1 Young-Bo Kim, MD, Ph.D1 Jong-Min Lee, Ph.D7 James H. Fallon, Ph.D8
Duk L. Na, MD, Ph.D4 So-Young Moon, MD2 Sang Won Seo, MD4 Sook-Hui Kim, MD4 Seok-Min Go, MD4
**
Principal Author
*
Coprincipal Authors
1. Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea 3. Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4. Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 5. Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea 6. Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science, Multimedia & Film, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 7. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 8. University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Foreword
I write this Foreword in gratitude to Professor Zang-Hee Cho, one of the great innovators and proponents of progress in the field of magnetic resonance imaging. The “New Brain Atlas,” prepared by Professor Cho and his colleague at the Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, will set new standards in neuroanatomy. It is indeed fascinating to browse through this atlas, which has been produced both from cadaver macrotomes and from 7.0 T magnetic resonance images (MRI). Indeed, this volume illustrates the great power and usefulness of modern MRI, which has been developed and perfected during the past decades by numerous scientists and engineers all around the world. The research group of Professor Zang-Hee Cho was instrumental in these astounding developments. Studying more closely the pictures in the Atlas reveals a wealth of details of the brain stem and midbrain structures, which were once thought impossible to visualize in vivo. I am convinced that these remarkable achievements are a triumph of modern advanced MRI and medical technology in general. MRI has already been very helpful in the past for localizing early tumors and receiving timely information on the formation of strokes and spinal cord degeneration. MRI is now entering a new era of finding deformations and atrophy of the hippocampus, which many experts believe to be the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. The new ultrahigh-field MRI investigations are not only capable of imaging the minute details of the mentioned deformations and atrophy of the hippocampus but are also in a position to distinguish the normal and abnormal neuromorphology of the substantia nigra, the key neuronal site for major movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease . In addition to all those fine structures of the brain—the most intricate of all in our human body—it can be used for finding the sites of therapeutic targets such as the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus, previously impossible to find in vivo, serving the important deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Today, it is possible to rely on the cadaver brain atlas and apply computer fitting to low-resolution MRI or CT images, taking advantage also of the microelectrode molecular probe. The same procedure could be applied in the field of submillimeter precision neuroanatomy in vivo. In close analogy to the discoveries with astronomical telescopes, where each time we are capable of improving resolution and are finding new galaxies previously unknown, in the same manner we experience new revelations in medicine and biology by improving our instruments. Especially in brain science, there is still much to be discovered, and much is waiting for interpretation and understanding at the macroscopic
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and morphological levels as well as on biomolecular and cellular grounds. Magnetic resonance studies, especially ultrahigh-field MRI, will continue to play a fundamental role in this field. I am convinced that the NEW BRAIN ATLAS will provide many answers and new inspiration for further experimental studies. It is thus a very valuable addition to any respectable library of medicine and an inexhaustible source for specialists and students. Zurich, September 9, 2008 Richard R. Ernst* ETH Zürich Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie Zürich, Switzerland
*Professor Ernst received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991 for his contribution to the development of Fourier Transform NMR, which not only revolutionized modern NMR but is also the backbone of MRI—magnetic resonance imaging—to which mankind owes so much today.
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Preface
As is true in any scientific field, the advances in neuroanatomy have been made possible by the improvement of the tools available to researchers. These tools have undergone revolutionary changes in the past 100 years. When one of the first Nobel prizes was awarded to neuroscientists Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramon y Cajal in 1906, the main research technique available to neuroscientists was staining or coloring nerve cells and observing the effect either visually or under an optical microscope. When various forms of much more powerful scanning electron microscopy were introduced later in the twentieth century, they were immediately applied to neuroanatomy, thus greatly benefiting it. Among all tools and techniques available in neuroanatomy, imaging techniques allowing the researcher to study the human brain in vivo play a special role. These imaging techniques include CT scanners using X-rays, the nuclear imaging techniques PET and SPECT, and MRI. Recent advances in MRI, especially those in the area of ultrahigh-field (UHF) MRI such as 7.0 Tesla (T), have attracted significant attention in the field of brain imaging for neuroscience research as well as for clinical applications. Many physical and engineering problems related to UHF MRI are yet to be resolved. For example, due to the increased radio frequency (RF) in UHF MRI, the RF field suffers from inhomogeneity and introduces image distortions. Nevertheless, 7.0 T MRI has begun to reveal unseen images of numerous fine structures in the human brain in vivo. With these images providing drastically improved contrast as well as resolution, researchers have begun to demonstrate that MRI is indeed capable of showing very small brain structures. These structures include the subthalamic nucleus, the substantia nigra and its surroundings in the midbrain area, as well as various abnormalities. Since these new images began to reveal numerous, strikingly fine structural details in the human brain in vivo, many experts in the field began to wonder how high-resolution MRI would affect modern medicine and neuroscience research as a whole. The advances in neuroanatomy are no longer of interest only to the anatomist. In the nervous system, structural organization is most essential in understanding functional concepts. Therefore, a solid understanding of the subtle details of the brain structure became important for a lucid communication among clinicians, scientists, and other specialists working in the field of neuroscience and clinical medicine. The wealth of information offered by modern imaging techniques made it imperative for the interpreter of the images to be thoroughly familiar with the anatomical minutiae of the brain. A specialized knowledge of the brain anatomy is a prerequisite, which goes beyond merely that of gross anatomy, including a complete familiarity with the brain in sections in various planes. It is no longer adequate to use such vague terms as
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the “frontoparietal region” or “basal ganglia.” The gyrus or a specific nucleus involved in the pathological process should be precisely defined and described. New applications of neuroimaging arise almost every day. It used to be important just to locate and determine the extent and the exact position of an intracranial space-occupying lesion. Now, that goal has been extended to define non-neoplastic lesions, i.e., cerebral hemorrhage, edema, and infarction as well as demyelinating diseases and various neurodegenerative processes. Let us consider the following analogy: When a new generation of giant cosmic telescopes became available to astronomers, the significance of these new tools was not limited to an increased resolution or to clearer and more informative images. They brought about a new level of understanding of the universe. Similarly, with increased field strength in MR imaging and hence with increased resolution, we began to obtain images of unprecedented resolution and contrast that had not even been anticipated. Improvements came from several different avenues besides the obvious signal-to-noise improvement predicted by the laws of physics. We began to see various changes in physical parameters such as changes in T1 and T2 relaxation times or, rather, in their combinations. On another front, we have witnessed great advances in the imaging of human cadavers using cryomacrotome with increased sophistication and techniques. Now, one can create cadaver images of unprecedented resolution and contrast with markedly conserved brain structures. With all these super-resolution images that can be obtained with UHF MRI such as 7.0 T and the advanced cryomacrotome technology developed recently, we thought that development of a New Brain Atlas would be an important and timely contribution to the medical and neuroscience community. Therefore, in this book, we made a set of ultrahigh-resolution brain images obtained from a cadaver by cryomacrotome and by reconstructed partner images (sagittal and coronal), together with corresponding in vivo ultrahigh-resolution human brain images obtained by 7.0 T MRI. Thus, we have been able to obtain a complete set for the entire brain atlas with axial, sagittal, and coronal images of the cadaver and a 7.0 T MRI of the in vivo brain. In this book, we applied a reference system that can be applicable to both cadaver gross anatomy and MRI anatomy. In addition, a system of Cartesian axes is defined on the midpoint of the central intercommissural distance with coordinates expressed in mm and +/− in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. This system will enable us to standardize the sectional planes and the levels of the slices in any brain that may be encountered in practice. We have also applied a “reference adjusted unit,” which is designed for the reader, the MRI user, to predict the structure to be seen at any level of plane regardless of the absolute size of the brain that is obtained by clinical MRI. We expect that our image-numbering system could contribute to the establishment of clinicopathologic mapping of the human brain through massive global feedback of related information. Eventually, we hope that this book will serve as a roadmap both in the clinical arena and for neuroscience researchers for years to come. Zang-Hee Cho Min Suk Chung Je-Geum Chi Duk L. Na
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Preface to the Second Edition
Since the publication of the first edition of this Atlas, we were convinced that the precise localization of the reference system was much in need for easier identification; therefore, we have integrated a new coordinate system in this new edition. In this revised edition, therefore, we have put a coordinate matrix in every image, both cadaver and MRI, based on a central intercommissural line to make a more convenient approach for the readers. By doing this, readers would be able to compare their images with those of others based on the same coordinate system. The other major revision is that we have reduced the book size for handiness without reduction of real brain size of the original images seen in the first edition. Because of the reduction of the book size, all the labels are abbreviated and explained at the bottom of every image. As we are also working on the 7.0 T MRI Tractography Atlas, we have learned many new fiber tracts “hidden” in the white matter, and therefore, some of the tracts are newly labeled in this Atlas based on cadaver and MRI images. For this edition, we would like to appreciate Dr. Jin Seo Park for his critical review of the revision and Sang-Han Choi for editing the manuscripts. Zang-Hee Cho Min Suk Chung Je-Geum Chi Duk L. Na
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Table of Contents
Foreword ··············································································································································· viii Preface ························································································································································ x Preface of the 2nd Edition
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Introduction ·········································································································································· xiv Reference of Brain Image Setting ·············································································································· xiv Orientation of Brain Images ······················································································································· xiv Orientation of Image Sections and Planes Standard of the Sectional Brain Image Planes and Sizes Adjustment of the MRI Brain to the Reference Brain Terminology & Labeling Data Collection System for Clinicopathologic Brain Mapping Sources of Brain Images ································································································································ xx In vivo Images using 7.0T MRI Cadaver Images by Cryomacrotome Image reconstruction and volume rendering 3D Images by Volume Rendering ············································································································· xxii Coronal, Sagittal and Axial Cuts – Cadaver (Fig. 4) Coronal, Sagittal and Axial Cuts – MRI (Fig. 5) Sulcus and Gyrus – MRI (Fig. 6) Brodmann areas – MRI (Fig. 7)
Acknowledgements ····································································································································· xxvi
Part I. Coronal Images of Cadaver and Human Brain of 7.0 T MRI In Vivo ··············································· 1 Part II. Sagittal Images of Cadaver and Human Brain of 7.0 T MRI In Vivo ··········································· 183 Part III. Axial Images of Cadaver and Human Brain of 7.0 T MRI In Vivo ··············································· 345
References ································································································································································ 510 Abbreviations ·························································································································································· 511 Index ········································································································································································ 520
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Introduction
Reference of Brain Image Setting The cadaver brain used in this atlas was designated as the “reference” brain; this is because this brain was used as a reference to be compared with brain images obtained by 7.0 T MRI. However, note that the cadaver image does not mean the “standard” brain image. All the slices are shown in a 2 mm interval (or distance) starting from the zero point in the axial and coronal axis images, ±2 mm from the center, with the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) line being aligned as the midline of the axial slice and the center point of the AC-PC line as the midline of the coronal slice. In sagittal slices, both cadaver and MRI images start from ±2 mm from the center point, with the AC-PC line being aligned to the midline. Images of the cadaver (reference) brain were juxtaposed with 7.0 T MRI images of a living subject to compare the anatomy of the brain. In each set of images, the cadaver (reference) brain image is placed on the left page while the corresponding MRI image is placed on the right page to facilitate a comparison. We have attempted to match the MRI brain images as closely as possible with the cadaver images. This type of presentation will facilitate correlational visualization of the anatomy of the reference image with that of the corresponding MR image.
Orientation of Brain Images Orientation of Image Sections and Planes Even though several common protocols exist, there is no fully defined standard for the orientation of sectional images up to now. There has been considerable confusion about axial images, for example. It is true that all the coronal images in clinical practice are now viewed as shown in Fig. 1 (i) as if the examiner and the patient viewed each other face to face. The left side of the sagittal image is seen on the right side as if we looked face to face (See Fig. 1 (ii)). The axial-view images are also shown as if the examiner looked at a patient from the bottom up. This type of arrangement of axial-, sagittal-, and coronal-view images has been widely adopted in recent years. Therefore, we will follow that convention in our New Brain Atlas also (see Fig. 1). Standard of the Sectional Brain Image Planes and Sizes For the sake of convenience, we have presented all the images of the reference brain as well as the MRI brain in our atlas on the scale of 1:1. In other words, both cadaver and MRI images are all in the actual metric base frames and systems except for the expanded images. It is known that the average shrinkage of the cerebral hemisphere resulting from freezing is approximately 1 %; therefore, that shrinkage may be neglected. For the reader’s convenience, we have displayed a few selected view images with expanded views to visualize the details of the images. We believe that the expanded or magnified images provide information not previously available.
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Extracerebral reference lines have been generally used in radiography, computed tomography (CT), and MRI studies. In 1962, the World Federation of Radiology defined Reid’s base line as the line between the infraorbital margin and the upper margin of the external auditory meatus. In radiological practice, however, the canthomeatal line has been more frequently used. The canthomeatal line is the line between the lateral canthus and the central point of the external auditory meatus. The line is tilted approximately 10° nose up with respect to Reid’s base line, which approximately parallels the “true” horizontal line. However, intracerebral reference points have not been standardized. In stereotactic surgery, the foramen of the Monroposterior commissure line or the anterior commissure–posterior commissure line has been used. Schaltenbrand et al. and Talairach et al. suggested that anterior and posterior commissures might be considered to have a constant relationship with the deep cerebral structures. They proposed using the line between these two structures as the basic reference line. In our New Brain Atlas, the horizontal plane passing through the central point of the anterior commissure (AC) and the posterior commissure (PC) of the reference brain is designated as the reference axial plane defined as the central AC–PC intercommissural line. This differs from the convention used in stereotaxy and functional MRI, where the tangential AC–PC line passes through the superior edge of the AC and the inferior edge of the PC (see Fig. 2). The central AC–PC line is approximately 10° nose up with respect to Reid’s base line. We thought, therefore, that the central AC–PC line is equivalent to the extracerebral canthomeatal line and can be used as an intracerebral reference axial line for the anatomical horizontal plane (see Fig. 3). We have extended the concept of the central AC–PC line to the entire brain. We found that our AC–PC line is easy to define and independent of the sizes of the AC and the PC, which vary from 3 to 6 mm and from 2 to 4 mm, respectively. We also found that our central AC–PC line is approximately parallel to the canthomeatal line. This line is approximately parallel to the “true” horizontal plane. We thought, therefore, that the central AC–PC line could be designated as an anatomical horizontal plane of the brain. This is close to the normal position of the head in the living subject. In our book, as mentioned earlier, we have adopted the system of Cartesian coordinates, where the x-axis is defined by the central AC–PC line and by the midpoint of the intercommissural distance as x = 0. The horizontal plane is defined as an axial plane, i.e., an x-y plane, which contains the AC–PC line at the center, with a positive sign superiorly (axial plane) and a negative sign inferiorly. The y-z plane, which contains the AC–PC line, is defined as the center plane of the sagittal planes. Similarly for the coronal plane, the x-z plane is assumed, and those planes anterior to the midline plane are set with a positive sign, while posterior planes are noted as negative. As implied, the central coronal image is defined as the image plane at the center of the AC–PC line. For the sagittal-view images, those on the left side are set as negative, while those at the right are denoted as positive. The midline image is set with the longitudinal cerebral fissure as the origin. In this book, the axial planes are sequenced from superior (1) to inferior (2), whereas the coronal planes progress from anterior (1) to posterior (2). The sagittal planes are arranged from right (1) to left (2) (see Figs. 1 and 3). Adjustment of the MRI Brain to the Reference Brain In order to easily accommodate the anatomical images of the reference brain to different sizes of in vivo brain images that will be obtained by an MRI, we have introduced a “Reference Adjusted Unit (RAU)” noted in millimeters (mm). The RAU (mm) represents the MRI image, which resembles the cadaver images. For example, the thalamus lies at the same RAU for both a given MRI and a cadaver image but not in the actual mm scale given in the atlas.
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Recognizing that the actual measurements of brains are subject to individual variations, all three standard planes of the MRI in this atlas are generated from the same individual, a 27-year-old healthy man. The actual lengths in millimeters from the reference points are shown in every slice of MRI in this atlas. Their actual measurements were shown in mm, and the corresponding RAU in mm was shown as No. X. We put the actual mm values in parenthesis next to the RAU number. For instance, “Axial-MRI: No. 162 (166 mm)” means “an axial MR image that is located at 66 mm superior to the reference axial plane (AC–PC plane), which also corresponds to the cadaver (reference) brain image at 62 mm superior to the reference axial plane, which is “No. 162.” A similar compensation technique is applied to individual variations in both the coronal and sagittal planes. Terminology and Labeling Different authors use different names for the same brain structures. In this atlas, in an attempt to use the most up-to-date anatomical terminology, we have adopted the standards used in Terminologia Anatomica by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists published in 1998. It supersedes the previous standards in Nomina Anatomica. Many commonly used positional and directional notations are abbreviated. For example, ant. stands for anterior, post. for posterior, sup. for superior, inf. for inferior, lat. for lateral, med. for medial, int. for internal, and ext. for external. Every identifiable anatomical structure was labeled on both the cadaver brain and the MRI brain. Because of the structural difference between the right and left hemispheres, important structures were labeled on both sides. The cerebral gyri were generally labeled at the white matter core rather than the cortical surface. In the brainstem, the major nuclei and tracts are labeled in the expanded views. We have also divided all the brain sections into major anatomical compartments, i.e., frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, brainstem, and cerebellum, and also depicted the laterality such as right (R) and left (L). The structures that appear more than once were labeled in number (this does not apply in expended views). Data Collection System for Clinicopathologic Brain Mapping If a clinicopathologic mapping of the human brain was available, it would be a useful supplementary source of information for clinical diagnosis by neuroradiologists as well as for the scientist in neuroscience research. We have to admit, however, that this clinicopathologic brain mapping could only be established by collecting massive amounts of data from clinicians, particularly radiologists handling MRI, scattered throughout the world. Through the collaboration and unselfish support of radiologists and clinicians, we might be able to establish a valuable database that could benefit everyone in this field. For instance, a focal lesion of any size could be traced via the image-numbering system that is presented in this New Brain Atlas. First, all MR images should be produced based on x-, y-, and z-axes at the midpoint (0, 0, 0) of the anterior commissure and the posterior commissure so that those images are consistent with our atlas in Cartesian coordinates. Images are then normalized to our New Brain Atlas. The determination of a location of the pathological finding could then be possible simply by using the grid system consisting of coronal (x), sagittal (y), and axial (z) section lines (Fig. 3). The target point is obtained, then would be indicated as single dot, or indicating a midpoint of a target area, identifying a lesion, for instance, in three dimensions. For instance, C(y) – 10, S(x) + 28, A(z) – 20 indicates axial 20 mm inferior to the AC–PC plane, coronal 10 mm posterior to the midpoint of the AC–PC distance, and sagittal 28 mm right to the midsagittal plane. This three-dimensional location of the lesion would be reported to the NRI center with pertinent neurological findings, together with an identification of the patient (see, e.g., Figs. 4 and 5).
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(i) Coronal view
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Fig. 1 Views and directions of the brain image
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Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure
Central AC-PC Diagram Tangential intercommissural line
Habenular commissure Pineal recess
Pineal body
Central intercommissural line Quadrigeminal plate
7.0T T2* Image
Central intercommissural line
1.5T T1 Image
Central intercommissural line
Fig. 2 Definition of central intercommissural line (central AC–PC line)
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ne -y Reid’s base line (RBL) Cantho meatal line (CM L)
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Fig. 3 Standardization and data set
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Sources of Brain Images In Vivo Images Using 7.0 T MRI MRI: 7.0 T Research Prototype MRI at NRI, Gachon Univ. of Med. & Sci. Volunteer: M, 27 years Axial: No. + 62 (+66 mm) ~ No. −58 (−64 mm): 2 mm interval, Central AC–PC line is set as 0 mm Sagittal: No. + 60 (+65 mm) ~ No. −60 (−65 mm): 2 mm interval, Center is set at the longitudinal cerebral fissure Coronal: No. + 64 (+66 mm) ~ No. −72 (−80 mm): 2 mm interval, Midpoint of AC–PC line is set as 0 mm
Our prototype MRI consists of a Siemens Magnetom 7.0 T with a Siemens Avanto series console and electronics. The 7.0 T MRI gradient coil consists of a water-cooled gradient with a field strength of 40 mT/m (4 G/cm). All the images were acquired using a conventional 2D Gradient Echo (GRE) sequence. The specific MRI parameters used were repetition time (TR) 750 ms, echo time (TE) 17.8 ms, flip angle 45°, total number of slices per acquisition time (TA) of 12.50 min (or 6.30 min with reduction factor 2 in SENSE mode) 17, and bandwidth (BW) 30. The in-plane resolution was 0.25 mm, with a slice thickness of 2 mm. Cardiac gating was used to minimize pulsation artifacts during in vivo human brain imaging. The nonuniformity of the whole brain imaging was then corrected by a post-processing. We used a specifically designed 7.0 T brain-optimized SENSE coil (200 mm long and 300 mm in diameter), which can cover the entire brain. Our design features include the elongation of the coil to cover the entire brain, especially the lower part. The design incorporates multiple symmetric loop coils to encompass the entire brain from the top of the brain to the lower part of the brain in a crownlike shape. Among many candidates, we have selected the image set of a healthy male volunteer in his twenties. The legal and ethical aspects of the experiments performed for this study were reviewed and approved by the institutional review board (IRB) as well as the government authority, the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Cadaver Images by Cryomacrotome
Cryomacrotome: Cryomacrotome designed and developed at Ajou Univ. Volunteer: M, 67 years Axial: No. + 62 (+62 mm) ~ No. −58 (−58 mm): 2 mm interval, Central AC–PC line is set as 0 mm Sagittal: No. + 60 (+60 mm) ~ No. −60 (−60 mm): 2 mm interval, Center is set at the longitudinal cerebral fissure Coronal: No. + 64 (+64 mm) ~ No. −72 (−72 mm): 2 mm interval, Midpoint of AC–PC line is set as 0 mm
The cadaver used for this atlas is that of a 67-year-old male, 162 cm tall, weighing 45 kg, who died of cardiorespiratory arrest. He was known to have myasthenia gravis, for which he had been treated for the last several years. He experienced several bouts of an acute upper respiratory infection prior to his death. His body was first brought to the MRI machine to get a precise axial line along the anterior commissure and the posterior commissure and a sagittal line along the longitudinal cerebral fissure. The axial and sagittal lines were marked with laser indicators. After that, the cadaver was frozen to −70 °C for 7 days. The head, together with the upper chest, were separated from the main body. The head block was placed into a specially made rectangular frame and frozen again slowly, together with embedding media.
xxi
The head block was serially sectioned to a 0.1 mm thickness using a cryomacrotome. The sectioning, the rotating speed of the cutting disc, and the advancing speed of the embedding box were adjusted so that 0.1 mm sectioning at each step was precisely accomplished. The sectioning started from the top of the head and advanced inferiorly along the horizontal plane to the upper end of the spinal cord. A total of 1,248 sectioned surfaces were made, each of which was photographed using a digital camera (Canon EOS 5D; 50 mm microlens) and digitized to produce a digital image with 0.1 mm pixel size. Image Reconstruction and Volume Rendering Based on the original digital axial image data obtained from the horizontal sectioning of the cadaver, we have reconstructed both digital coronal and sagittal images. Image errors such as misalignment and nonuniformity in brightness were corrected with image-processing techniques. To verify specific structures of the brain, 3D volume rendering was carried out with both cadaver images and 7.0 T MRI images (Figs. 6 and 7). We then have outlined the axial brain image at every 1 mm interval. The brain images are stacked to produce 3D images that were used for the identification of structures on 3D planes. Rendering of the surface anatomy of the cerebral hemisphere was also carried out on both the cadaver brain and the MRI brain so that individual gyrus and sulcus as well as deep structures could be identified and matched in all three planes.
xxii
3D Images by Volume Rendering
Superior view Left
Inferior view Right
Right
Left
No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0 No.–10 No.–20 No.–30 No.–40 No.–50 No.–60 No.–70
No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0 No.–10 No.–20 No.–30 No.–40 No.–50 No.–60 No.–70
Posterior view
Frontal view
No.60 No.40 No.20 No.0 No.–20 No.–40 No.–60 No.50 No.30 No.10 No.–10 No.–30 No.–50
Left
No.60 No.40 No.20 No.0 No.–20 No.–40 No.–60 No.50 No.30 No.10 No.–10 No.–30 No.–50
Right
Right
Right lateral view
Left
Left lateral view No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0 No.–10 No.–20 No.–30 No.–40 No.–50 XX
Fig. 4 Coronal, sagittal, and axial cuts—cadaver
No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0 No.–10 No.–20 No.–30 No.–40 No.–50
xxiii
Superior view Left
Inferior view Right
Right
No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0
No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0
No.–10
No.–10
No.–20 No.–30
No.–20 No.–30
No.–40 No.–50
No.–40 No.–50
No.–60
No.–60
No.–70
No.–70
Posterior view
Frontal view
No.60 No.40 No.20 No.0 No.–20 No.–40 No.–60 No.50 No.30 No.10 No.–10 No.–30 No.–50
Left
Left
No.60 No.40 No.20 No.0 No.–20 No.–40 No.–60 No.50 No.30 No.10 No.–10 No.–30 No.–50
Right
Right
Right lateral view
Left
Left lateral view No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0 No.–10 No.–20 No.–30 No.–40 No.–50 XX
Fig. 5 Coronal, sagittal, and axial cuts—MRI
No.60 No.50 No.40 No.30 No.20 No.10 No.0 No.–10 No.–20 No.–30 No.–40 No.–50
xxiv
Sulcus Gyrus & Lobe
Precentral gyrus Precentral sulcus Superior frontal gyrus
Central sulcus (Rolandic Fissure) Postcentral gyrus Postcentral sulcus
Inferior frontal sulcus Superior parietal lobule
Middle frontal gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal gyrus opercular part
Intraparietal sulcus
Inferior frontal gyrus triangular part
Angular Gyrus
Occipital lobe
Inferior frontal gyrus orbital part Lateral orbital gyrus
Inferior temporal gyrus Inferior temporal sulcus
Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)
Middle temporal gyrus Superior temporal gyrus
Superior temporal sulcus Paracentral lobule
Precentral sulcus
Central sulcus
Corpus callosum, body Marginal sulcus Sulcus of corpus callosum Cingulate gyrus
Precuneus
Superior frontal gyrus Cingulate sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus Corpus callosum, splenium
Corpus callosum, genu
Thalamus
Cuneus
Subcallosal gyrus Calcarine sulcus Lingual gyrus
Gyrus rectus
Occipitotemporal sulcus Lateral occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus
Medial occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus Collateral sulcus
Rhinal sulcus Uncus
Fig. 6 Sulcus and gyrus—MRI
Inferior temporal gyrus
xxv
5 4
8
31
6
7
2
9 9
10
46
40
43
45 44
7 40
6
39
41 22
47 11
18
19
38
17
21
21
19
37
20
20
6
4
1 2 5 3
8 7 31
24 9
32
23
24 33
19 10
29 26
Thalamus 25 12 25 11 38
Fig. 7 Brodmann areas—MRI
36
27
30
34 28 35
20
37
18 17 18 19
17
xxvi
Acknowledgments
This atlas was made possible through the generous support of Dr. Gil-Ya Lee, Chair of the Gil Foundation, whose vision was instrumental in establishing and supporting the Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI). All staff members of the NRI have enjoyed and appreciated the opportunity to work at one of the most advanced research facilities in the world. Thanks are also due to Dr. Chul-Ock Lee, former adviser to the NRI, whose enthusiasm, commitment, dedication, and support made the NRI what it is now. We would also like to thank Simens as well as their technical staff, who helped us make the 7.0 T system work and function. Without their help, it could not be possible to obtain these fine images, as it is seen in the book. The authors and collaborators are indebted to a large number of individuals both within and outside the NRI who greatly contributed to this project. Due to space limitations, it is impossible to list them all, but we are grateful to all of them. The following individuals deserve our special gratitude: First, we would like to express our gratitude and respect to the cadaver donor for granting permission to use his body for medical research and teaching and to the volunteer who allowed us to procure his MRI images. We would like to thank all members of the NRI who worked on this project including the students who helped create the brain maps and improve their appearance: Myung-Ho In, M.Sc., Nam-Bum Kim, M.Sc., Sung-Tae Kim, M.Sc., So-Hee Lee, B.A., Chan-A Park, B.A., Jung-Hwan Kim, B.A., Seok-Il Hwang, B.A., Sung-Yeon Park, B.A., and Keum-Hwan Ryu, B.A.. Without their efforts, this project could not be accomplished. We would like to thank the Departments of Anatomy of the Seoul National University and the Catholic University for letting us review cadaver brains to verify the consistency of the AC–PC plane. Thanks are also due to Dr. Kyu-Chang Wang, Professor of Neurosurgery at the Seoul National University College of Medicine, for his advice in formulating the reference adjustment. We would like to thank Dr. Kun-Sang Kim, Professor of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Dr. Dong-Ik Kim, Professor of Neuroradiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Dr. Gham Hur, Professor of Radiology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital; and Dr. In One Kim, Professor of Radiology, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, for their advice in formulating the reference plane. We would like to thank the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information for the financial support during the making of the reference brain images. We also appreciate the collaboration of Ki Ho Im, MS, Hanyang University; Hyun Ji Kwon, BA, Samsung Medical center; and Hong Gyun Park, MD, Yonsei University.
Chapter I Coronal Images of Cadaver and Human Brain of 7.0 T MRI In Vivo
Coronal Slices of the Cadaver
No.+64(+64mm) No.+62(+62mm) No.+60(+60mm) No.+56(+58mm) No.+56(+56mm) No.+54(+54mm) No.+52(+52mm) No.+50(+50mm) No.+48(+48mm) No.+46(+46mm) No.+44(+44mm) No.+42(+42mm) No.+40(+40mm) No.+38(+38mm) No.+36(+36mm) No.+34(+34mm) No.+32(+32mm) No.+30(+30mm) No.+28(+28mm) No.+26(+26mm) No.+24(+24mm) No.+22(+22mm) No.+20(+20mm) No.+18(+18mm) No.+16(+16mm) No.+14(+14mm) No.+12(+12mm) No.+10(+10mm) No. +8(+8mm) No. +6( +6mm) No. +4( +4mm) No. +2( +2mm) No. +0( +0mm) No. -2( -2mm) No. -4( -4mm) No. -6( -6mm) No. -8( -8mm) No. -10( -10mm) No. -12( -12mm) No. -14( -14mm) No. -16( -16mm) No. -18( -18mm) No. -20( -20mm) No. -22( -22mm) No. -24( -24mm) No. -26( -26mm) No. -28( -28mm) No. -30( -30mm) No. -32( -32mm) No. -34( -34mm) No. -36( -36mm) No. -38( -38mm) No. -40( -40mm) No. -42( -42mm) No. -44( -44mm) No. -46( -46mm) No. -48( -48mm) No. -50( -50mm) No. -52( -52mm) No. -54( -54mm) No. -56( -56mm) No. -58( -58mm) No. -60( -60mm) No. -62( -62mm) No. -64( -64mm) No. -66( -66mm) No. -68( -68mm) No. -70( -70mm) No. -72( -72mm)
Expanded view
Expanded view
Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view
Expanded view
Expanded view
2
Coronal Slices of the 7.0 T MRI
No.+64(+66mm) No.+60(+62mm) No.+62(+64mm) No.+56(+60mm) No.+56(+58mm) No.+54(+56mm) No.+52(+54mm) No.+50(+52mm) No.+48(+50mm) No.+46(+48mm) No.+44(+46mm) No.+42(+44mm) No.+40(+42mm) No.+38(+40mm) No.+36(+38mm) No.+34(+36mm) No.+32(+34mm) No.+30(+32mm) No.+28(+30mm) No.+26(+28mm) No.+24(+26mm) No.+22(+24mm) No.+20(+22mm) No.+18(+20mm) No.+16(+18mm) No.+14(+16mm) No.+12(+14mm) No.+10(+12mm) No. +8(+10mm) No. +6( +8mm) No. +4( +6mm) No. +2( +4mm) No. +0( +2mm) No. -1( +0mm) No. -2( -2mm) No. -4( -4mm) No. -6( -6mm) No. -8( -8mm) No. -10(-10mm) No. -12(-12mm) No. -13(-14mm) No. -14(-16mm) No. -16(-18mm) No. -18(-20mm) No. -20(-22mm) No. -22(-24mm) No. -24(-26mm) No. -26(-28mm) No. -28(-30mm) No. -30(-32mm) No. -32(-34mm) No. -33(-36mm) No. -34(-38mm) No. -36(-40mm) No. -38(-42mm) No. -40(-44mm) No. -42(-46mm) No. -44(-48mm) No. -46(-50mm) No. -48(-52mm) No. -50(-54mm) No. -51(-56mm) No. -52(-58mm) No. -54(-60mm) No. -56(-62mm) No. -58(-64mm) No. -60(-66mm) No. -62(-68mm) No. -64(-70mm) No. -66(-72mm) No. -68(-74mm) No. -70(-76mm) No. -72(-78mm)
Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view
Expanded view Expanded view
3
Coronal - Cadaver +64(+64mm)
A
P
ImFS
+ 80
R
MObG MFG(1)
SFS SFG
SSS
CF
SFG
SRG
SFS
MFG
L
MObG
MFG(2)
LObG LObG
FMG FMG
SOM
RIGHT
0
SRM
SOM
MRM
MRM
LaG
LaG
IOM
IOM
IRM IRM
– 80
MNC + 50
CF: Cerebral falx FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus INC: Inferior nasal concha IOM: Inferior oblique muscle IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LaG: Lacrimal gland LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LPS: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MNC: Middle nasal concha MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle
INC
INC
SepC 0
MxS: Maxillary sinus SepC: Septal cartilage SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
4
MNC
IobN – 50
MxS
LEFT
SRM
LPS
Coronal - MRI +64(+66mm)
A
P
L
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
SFG(2) + 80
SFG(1)
CF CF
SSS
R
SFS SFS
MFG
0
IFS
MFG(2)
FMG FMG
Ey
ObG + 50
ObG 0
CF: Cerebral falx Ey: Eyeball FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
5
Ey – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIG RI GHT H RIGHT
MFG(1)
Coronal - Cadaver +62(+62mm)
A
+ 80
P
MFG(2)
ImFS
R
MFG(1)
SFS
SFG
SSS
CF
SFG(1) SFG(2)
SRG
L
SFS
MFG(1)
AObG ImFS IFS MFG(2) FMG IFS
LObG
LObG
0
FMS LPS AObG SRM
SRM
SOM
SOM
LRM
LRM
IOM
IOM
IRM − 80
MRM
IRM + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus FMS: Frontomarginal sulcus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus IOM: Inferior oblique muscle IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LPS: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
MObG
SepC 0
MRM: Medial rectus muscle SepC: Septal cartilage SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
6
MObG
MRM
IobN − 50
LEFT
RIGHT
FMG FMS
Coronal - MRI +62(+64mm)
A
P
SFS
L
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
CF
SSS
SFG(1)
TFPG
R
SFG(2)
+ 80
SFS
MFG SRG
MFG
IFS 0
FMG
FMG LObG
LObG
AObG
Ey Ey
MObG + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx Ey: Eyeball FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
IRG 0
TFPG: Transverse frontopolar gyrus
7
MObG
AObG – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +60(+60mm)
A
P
MFG(1)
+ 80
R
SFS
SFG
SRG(1)
STFG
CF
SSS
SF SRG(1) STFG SRG(2) SFS
L
MFG
ImFS
ImFS IRG
SRG(2)
MFG(2) IFS IFS IFG
FMG
FMS LObG
RIGHT
AObG
LObG
0
IRG
AObG
SG SRM
LPS SRM
FZS
FZS LRM
LRM SOM SOM IOM – 80
MRM
IRM
MObG
MNC
+ 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus FMS: Frontomarginal sulcus FZS: Frontozygomatic suture IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus INC: Inferior nasal concha IOM: Inferior oblique muscle IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus
LPS: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MNC: Middle nasal concha MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
INC
MObG 0
STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
8
MRM
IobN
IRM – 50
LEFT
FMG
FMS
Coronal - MRI +60(+62mm)
A
P
L
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
CF
STFG
SSS
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
R
SFS
+ 80
MFG(1)
SFS MFG(2)
MFG IFS
SRG
IFS
0
FMG
FMG
LObG
LObG
SRG
Ey
AObG
MObG
IRG
SG(1)
+ 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx Ey: Eyeball FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG:Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus
SG(2)
IRG 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
9
MObG
AObG – 50
Ey
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STFG
Coronal - Cadaver +58(+58mm)
A
P
MFG
+ 80
R
SRG
SFS
SFG
SGFT
CF
SRG
SSS
SFG
STFG
SRG IRG
SFS
L
MFG
ImFS MFG(2)
MFG(2) SG
IRG
IFS
FMS IFG FMG
FMG LEFT
RIGHT
AObG
LObG 0
LObG SRM
SRM
SOM
SOM
LRM LRM MObG
MRM – 80
MRM IRM
MObG + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus FMS: Frontomarginal sulcus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus INC: Inferior nasal concha IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
SG
INC 0
MNC: Middle nasal concha MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
10
MNC
IRM
IobN – 50
Coronal - MRI +58(+60mm)
A
P
SFS
L
STFG
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
SSS SFG(1)
CF
SCV
STFG
R
SFG(2) SRG
+ 80
SFS
MFG(1) MFG
IFS
MFG(2)
IRG
FMG 0
FMG
LObG
LObG AObG
Ey
Ey
SRG
MObG
IRG
OlS
+ 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx Ey: Eyeball FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus
SG
SG 0
SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
11
MObG
AObG − 50
− 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +56(+56mm)
A
P
IR
+ 80
R
MFG
SRG
SFS STFG
SFG
SSS
CS
CF
STFG SFG
SRG
SFS
L
MFG(1)
ImFS(1) IRG
ImFS
ImFS(2)
SG
MFG(2)
OlS FMG
IFS
0
FMG
AObG
LObG
LObG
LObS
SG
SRM
SRM
SOM SOM LRM LRM MObG MObG MRM
MRM
IRM – 80
OlB
MNC + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CS: Cingulate sulcus FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus INC: Inferior nasal concha IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LObS: Lateral orbital sulcus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
INC
INC 0
MNC: Middle nasal concha MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle OlB: Olfactory bulb OlS: Olfactory sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
12
MNC
IRM – 50
LEFT
RIGHT
AObG
Coronal - MRI +56(+58mm)
A
P
SRG
L
SFG(2)
STFG
SFG(1)
SSS
CF
SFG(1)
R
SFG(2)
+ 80
SCV
SFS
SFS MFG STFG
MFG
IFS
FMG
0
FMG LObG
LObG
AObG SRG
Ey
MObG
IRG
+ 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx Ey: Eyeball FMG: Frontomarginal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus
SG
SG 0
SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
13
IRG
MObG
AObG − 50
Ey
− 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +54(+54mm)
A
P
ImFS
+ 80
R
CS MFG(1) SRG SFS SFG STFG SSS
CF
SFG
SFS
L
MFG
IRG SG MFG(2) MFG(3)
IFS
LObG LObG IFS
RIGHT
0
AObG
SG
SRM SRM TrM SOM ON LRM LRM ON
SOM MRM
– 80
IRM MObG
OlS + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle
OlB
OlS 0
OlB: Olfactory bulb OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus TrM: Trapezius muscle
14
MObG
IRM – 50
MRM
LEFT
IFGob
IFGob
Coronal - MRI +54(+56mm)
A
P
SFS
L
SFG
CF
SFG(1)
SSS
SFG(2)
R
SFS
+ 80
STFG
MFG(1) MFG(1)
STFG
MFG(2)
MFG(2)
IFS
0
IFGob(1) IFGob IFGob(2) CS
LObG LObG SRG
AObG
SRG
OlS
IRG
+50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus
SG
SG 0
SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STFG: Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
15
IRG
MObG – 50
AObG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +52(+52mm)
A
P
Im FS
+ 80
CG
R
M FG (1) SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
CG
SFG
SFS
MFG
L
AObG
CS IFS
MFG(2) SRG MFG(3)
IFGob
IFS(1) IRG
LObG
IFS(2)
SRM
IFGob 0
LEFT
RIGHT
LObS
MObG SOM SRM SOM
ON
LRM LRM ON
MRM MRM
IRM IRM – 80
OlS
SG + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LObS: Lateral orbital sulcus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
OlB
OlB 0
MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle OlB: Olfactory bulb OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
16
SG
MObG – 50
Coronal - MRI +52(+54mm)
A
P
L
SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG(1)
CG(1)
SFG(2)
R
SFS
+ 80
MFG(1) CS(1)
MFG(1) CS
CG
MFG(2) MFG(2)
IFS 0
IFGob(1)
IFGob
IFGob(2)
LObG
LObG AObG
AObG
CS(2)
MObG
SG
IRG
+ 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus
SG
SRG
MObG – 50
SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
17
CG(2)
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +50(+50mm)
A
P
R
SRG CS(2) MFG(1) CG
+ 80
CS(1) SFS
SFG
SSS
CF
SC V
CS(1)
SFG
SFS
L
CG
CS(2)
MFG MFG(2)
MFG(3) IFS
IRG IFS
IFGob
0
IFGob
LObG
LObG
AObG
OlS
SRM
MObG SG SOM ON ON LRM
OlB(1)
SOM – 80
SNC
MNC + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INC: Inferior nasal concha IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MNC: Middle nasal concha
MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle OlB: Olfactory bulb OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SNC: Superior nasal concha SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SRM: Superior rectus muscle
INC
OlB(2)
SNC 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
18
MObG
MRM – 50
IRM
LEFT
RIGHT
SG
Coronal - MRI +50(+52mm)
A
P P
MFG(1)
L L
SFS
CS(1)
SFG
SSS
CF
SF G (1)
SC V
SFG (2)
R
SFS
+ 80
CG CG
CS(2) MFG(1)
MFG(2) MFG(2)
IFS 0
IFGob(1)
IFGtr & IFGob
IFGob(2)
LObG LObG
AObG AObG
MObG
OlS
SG
IRG
SG
CS
SRG – 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
19
MObG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +48(+48 mm)
A
P
Im FS
+ 80
CG
R
MFG(1)
CS(1)
SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
SCV
SFG
L
CG
CS(2) SFS SRG MFG(2) CS(1)
IRG
MFG(1)
IFS MFG(2) IFGob IFS
CS(2) 0
SG IFGtr
MObG
OlB
LObG
ON
AObG
SNC
ON
MObG – 80
SNM
MNC + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcusIm FS: Intermediate frontal sulcus INC: Inferior nasal conchaI NM: Inferior nasal meatus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
INC
INM
OlB 0
MNC: Middle nasal concha MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlB: Olfactory bulb OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrusS NC: Superior nasal concha SNM: Superior nasal meatus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
20
SG
OlS – 50
LEFT
RIGHT
AObG
Coronal - MRI +48(+50mm)
A
L
P
MFG(1)
SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
SF G (1)
CG (1)
SFG(2)
R
SFS
+ 80
MFG
MFG(2) CS(1) PcA CG(2)
CG IFS
IFGtr 0 IFGtr
LObG LObG
AObG AObG
CS(2) CS MObG
OlS + 50
AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
SG
IRG 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
21
SG
SRG
OlS – 50
MObG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +46(+46 mm)
A
P
R
MFG(1)
+ 80
SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
SCV
SFG
CS(1)
L
SFS
CS(1)
CG CG MFG(1)
MFG(2)
MFG(2)
ACA
IFS
IFGtr 0
IFGtr CS(2) LObG SRG CS(2) LObG
AObG
AObG
MObG
ON ON
– 80
IRG
MxN
OlS
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve OlB: Olfactory bulb
OlB
SG
OlB 0
OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
22
SG
MObG – 50
MxN
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - MRI +46(+48mm)
A
P
L
SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG
CS(1)
SFS
R
MFG(1)
+ 80
CS(1)
CG MFG
CG(1)
MFG(2)
CG(2) IFS
IFGtr
IFGtr(1)
IFGtr(2)
0
LObG
LObG AObG
AObG
MObG
CS(2) + 50
SG
ACA 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus
23
SG
CS(2) – 50
MObG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +44(+44 mm)
A
P
R
SFS
+ 80
PcA
SFG
SSS
CF
SCV
SFG
L
CS(1)
CS(1)
SFS
CG
MFG MFG
IFS IFS
CG 0
CS(2) IFGtr
SRG
ObG LObG IRG
MObG CS(2) ON
− 80
MxN
OlS + 50
CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus OlB: Olfactory bulb OlS: Olfactory sulcus
SG
OlB
OlB 0
ON: Optic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
24
SG
MxN
MObG − 50
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr
Coronal - MRI +44(+46mm)
A
P
MFG(1)
L
SFS
CS(1)
SSS
SFG
CF
SFG
CS(1)
R
SFS
+ 80
PcA
CG
MFG(2) MFG MFG(3)
IFS
IFS
IFGtr 0
IFGtr(2)
CG CS(2)
LObG LObG
AObG
AObG MObG
ACA + 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery
OlS
SG
SG 0
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
25
IRG
MObG
CS(2) – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr(1)
Coronal - Cadaver +44(+44 mm)
A
P
R
SFG
+ 50
SSS
CF
SFG
L
MeFG
SFS SFG MFG(1)
SFS
ImFS
CS(1) CS(1) LCF
MFG(2)
MFG
PcA
CG
IFS IFS
IFG
CG 0
0
CS(2)
ACA
IRG CS(2) IFGtr LObS LObG ObG AObG
MObG – 30
ON
MObG SRG
IRG
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LObS: Lateral orbital sulcus
OlS
SG
OlB
OlB 0
MeFG: Medial frontal gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus OlB: Olfactory bulb OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
26
SG
OlS
ON – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
CG
Coronal - MRI +44(+46mm)
A
P
L
SFG
CS(I)
CF
SSS
LCF
SFG(1)
R
SFG(2)
+ 55
SFS SFS
MFG(1)
CG
MFG
CS(2)
CS(1)
MFG(2)
CG(1)
CG(1)
MFG(2) IFG CG(2)
CG(2)
CS(2) 0
CS(3)
LObG
IRG LObG AObG
AObG
MObG ACA
IRG
MObG
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
OlS
SG 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
27
OlS - 30
- 25
LEFT
RIGHT
IFG
Coronal - Cadaver +42(+42 mm)
A
P
– 80
SFS
R
CS(1)
SFG
CF
SSS
SCV
SFG
L
CS(1)
MFG(1) MFG(1)
PcA MFG(2)
MFG(2) MFG(3) IFS CG
IFS 0
IFGtr IFGtr
LObG
ACA
CS(2)
LObG
AObG
AObG
TP – 80
MObG
MxN
SRG
OlS
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve OlB: Olfactory bulb
SG IRG
SG 0
OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TP: Temporal pole
28
OlB
IRG
ON – 50
CS(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
CG
Coronal - MRI +42(+44mm)
A
P
MFG(1)
L
SFS
SFG
CF
CG(1)
SSS
SFG
CS(1)
R
SFS
+ 80
MFG CS(1)
CG(2)
MFG(2)
CG(1) IFS
IFS
0
IFGtr(1) CS(2) IFGtr(2)
LObG LObG
AObG CG(2)
CS(2)
MObG
OlS
+ 50
SG
IRG
IRG 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus ACA: Anterior cerebral artery SG: Straight gyrus AObG: Anterior orbital gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
29
SG
OlS
MObG – 50
ACA
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr
Coronal - Cadaver +40(+40 mm)
A
P
MFG(1)
+ 80
R
SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG
SCV
SFS
CS(1)
CS(1)
L
MFG(1)
MFG(2)
MFG(2) CG IFS MFG(3) FOF
CG(1)
IFGtr 0
Fmi
CCg
IFGtr ACA LS LObG CG(2) CG LObG TP IRG(1) ON – 80
SRG
MObG
MxN
OlB
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fmi: Forceps minor FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
IRG(2)
SG
SG 0
MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve OlB: Olfactory bulb ON: Optic nerve SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TP: Temporal pole
30
CS(2)
MObG
MxN – 50
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - MRI +40(+42mm)
A
P
SFS
L
CS(1)
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG
CG(1)
CS(1)
SFS
R
MFG
+ 80
MFG(1) IFS
MFG(2) IFGtr(1)
CG(1) IFGtr(2)
IFGtr(3) 0
IFGtr(1) ACA
IFGtr(2) CG(2) CG(2)
LObG
ObG
CS(2)
MObG
MObG
IRG
OlS
+ 50
SG
ACA
IRG 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus ACA: Anterior cerebral artery SG: Straight gyrus CF: Cerebral falx SSS: Superior sagittal sinus CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
31
SG
CS(2) – 50
OlS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +38(+38mm)
A
P
MFG(1)
+ 80
R
SFS
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG
CS(1)
SCV
CG(1)
L
MFG(1)
MFG(2)
CG
ImFS CCg MFG(2) IFS IFS ACA
IFGtr 0
LVa LSa IFGtr(2) IFG CNh PObG
LS
CG(2)
TP
LObG
– 80
CS(2) TP
MxN
MObG
OlS
SG
SG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcusIm FS: Intermediate frontal sulcus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LSa: Lateral sulcus, anterior ramus
LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve OlS: Olfactory sulcus OlT: Olfactory tract ON: Optic nerve PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
0
TP: Temporal pole
32
OlT
MObG
MxN – 50
ON
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr(1)
Coronal - MRI +38(+40mm)
A
P
SFS
L
CS(1)
SFG
CF
SSS
CG(1)
SFG
CS(1)
R
CG(2)
SFS
+ 80
MFG(1) MFG
MFG(2) IFS
CG(1)
CG(3)
IFGtr
ACA
0
CG(5) IFGtr CG(2) LObG LObG TP
PObG
PObG
MObG
CS(2) MObG
OlS + 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
IRG
SG
ACA 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TP: Temporal pole
33
IRG
SG
CS(2) – 50
OlS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
ACA(4) IFS
Coronal - Cadaver +36(+36mm)
A
P
R
Cg
+ 80
CG(1)
CS
SFG
SSS
CF
SFG
SFS
SCV
CG(1)
L
MFG(1)
MFG(1) CCg
MFG(2)
MFG(2)
IFS
LVa
Scc IFGtr(1)
0
ACA IFGtr(2) LS MCVs PObG LObG
CG(2)
TP
PObG TP – 80
CG(2)
MxN
MObG
OlS
IRG
SG
SG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn
MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
0
TP: Temporal pole
34
IRG
CS
MObG
MxN – 50
ON
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr CNh
Coronal - MRI +36(+38mm)
A
P
CG
L
SFS
CS(1)
SFG
ISS
CF
SSS
SCV
SFG
CS
R
SFS
+ 80
CG(1) MFG
MFG CCg IFS IFS(1) CG(2)
IFGtr 0
IFGtr
MCVs ACA
LObG
LObG
PObG
PObG
CS(2) IRG
MObG
OlS + 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
SG
ACA 0
OlS: Olfactory sulcus PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
35
SG
MObG – 50
CG(3)
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFS(2)
Coronal - Cadaver +34(+34mm)
A
P
MFG(1)
+ 80
R
Cg
CG
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG
CS(1)
CG(1)
SFS
MFG(1)
L
CCg
ACA
MFG(2)
MFG(2)
LVa
FOF
CNh
IFS
CS IN
IFGtr
IFGtr(2) 0
IN
CG(2)
LS
LS
LObG
MCVs
STG
STG
MCA
– 80
STS
MTG
LObG
ON
MxN
MObG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus
LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve ON: Optic nerve SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus: SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
IRG
SG
SG 0
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
36
MObG
MxN
ON – 50
MFG
CS(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr(1)
Coronal - MRI +34(+36mm)
A
P
MFG
L
SFS
CG
SFG
CS(1)
CF
SSS
ISS
SFG
CS
CG(1)
R
SFS
+ 80
MFG CCg CG(2)
ACA(1)
IFS
IN
IFS
IFGtr IFGtr
ACA(2)
CNh
0
LS LS MCVs LObG STG
PObG
LObG
MTG CS(2) MObG
OlS
SG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
CS(3)
IRG 0
LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
37
SG
OlS
MObG – 50
CG(3)
PObG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LVa
Coronal - Cadaver +34(+34mm)
A
P
R
SF G
+ 50
CF
SSS
L
SFG
SFS
SFS
MFG
MFG(1)
CS(1) CG(1)
CS(1) MFG CG SLF(1) MFG(2) SFO PcA
LVa
Cg SLF(2) CNh
CCg
IFO
LVa
LS 0
0
IN
CR
LS
IFGob
CS(2)
Fmi
IRG LObG LObG CG(2) MCA
PObG CS(2)
MObG – 30
ON
OlT
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CR: Corona radiata CS: Cingulate sulcus Fmi: Forceps minor IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFO: Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus IN: Insula IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus
LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus OlT: Olfactory tract ON: Optic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFO: Superior fronto-occipital fasciculus
SG
ACA
SG
0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
38
OlT
OlS
MObG – 30
IRG
LEFT
RIGHT
IN
Coronal - MRI +34(+36mm)
A
P
L
CS(2)
CS(1)
SFG
CF
SFG
R
SFS
+ 55
CG(1)
SFS
CG(2) MFG MFG
CG(1) IFS Cg PcA IFG CG(2)
FOF
CCg
CNh
IN CG(3) 0
LVa
CS(3) IFG
CG(3) LObG
LObG
PObG PObG
CS IRG
MObG
OlS
+ 30
CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn
SG
CG(4)
SG
IRG 0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus
39
OlS
MTG
MObG – 30
– 25
LEFT
RIGHT
IN
Coronal - Cadaver +32(+32mm)
A
+ 80
P
CG (1) CS
R
SFS
MFG
PcA
CMA
SFG
SSS CF
CMA
SFG
C S(1)
SFS
L
MFG(1)
CG ImFS MFG(2) MFG(2) MFG(3)
CCg
LVa
IFS
CNh
LVa IFGtr
IN 0
IN
IFGtr(2)
ACA
IFG IFGob
LS CG(2)
LS IRG STG
STG
MCA LObG STS STS MTG
– 80
ITS
ITG
MxN
MObG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ImFS: Intermediate frontal sulcus IN: Insula
IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve ON: Optic nerve
SG
IRG 0
PcA: Pericallosal artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
40
SG
ON
MxN
MxA – 50
CS(2)
MTG
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr(1)
Coronal - MRI +32(+34mm)
A
P
SFS
L
CG
CS(1)
SFG
CF
SS S CG (1)
SFG
SFS
CCg
R
CG(2)
+ 80
MFG(1) MFG
MFG(2) CS CNh IFS IFS IFGtr
IN
IN
LS
LS
IFGob
0
MCVs
STG STG LObG LObG MTG MTG
PObG
PObG CS(2)
MObG
IRG
OlS
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
SG
ACA 0
MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
41
SG
MObG – 50
OlS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr
Coronal - Cadaver +30(+30mm)
A
P
PcA
+ 80
R
SFS
CS
SFG(2) SFG(1) CMA
CF
SSS
CG(1)
CS(1)
SFG
L
SFS CG(2)
Cg MFG MFG(1) IFS MFG(2) IFS
LVa
CCg
IFGtr
LVa
CR Cl
CNh 0
EmC IN
MCVs
MCA
LS
LS STG STG LObG LObG STS
STS
MTG MTG – 80
CG
N6
MxN
ON
OlT
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CR: Corona radiata CS: Cingulate sulcus EmC: Extreme capsule IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
IN: Insula LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery: MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N6: Abducens nerve OlT: Olfactory tract
SG
ACA 0
ON: Optic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
42
SG CS(2)
MxA
MxN – 50
CG(3)
MObG
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGtr
Coronal - MRI +30(+32mm)
A
P
PcA(2)
L
CG
SFS
SFG
C S(1) PcA(1)
SS S
ISS
SFG
C S(1)
SFS
R
M FG (1)
+ 80
CG(1) MFG(1) MFG(2) MFG(2) CG(2) IFS
IFS
IFGtr CCg LS IFGtr
IN 0
IFGob MCVs
LS
IFGob
CNh
STG STG
CG
MTG
LVa ITG
PObG
CS(2)
OlS
SG
Scc
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
ACA 0
STG: Superior temporal gyrus
43
CS(2)
SG
OlS – 50
ObG
MTG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MCA
Coronal - Cadaver +28(+28mm)
A
P
Cg
+ 80
R
PcA
SFS
CS
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG
CG(1)
CS
SFS
Scc
L
MFG(1)
CCg MFG(2) MFG IFS LVa LVa
IFS
IFGop(1)
CNh
IFGop(2)
IFGop
EmC
IN 0
Cl
LS IN MCVs
LS
MCA(1) STG MCA(2)
CG(2) MCA(1)
STG CCF
MCA(2) ObG STS
STS
ITG
– 80
MOTG
MFG(3)
N4
OptN N6
MxN
ON
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EmC: Extreme capsule IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus
OlT
SG
ACA
SG
0
OlT: Olfactory tract ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
44
OlS
MxN
MxA – 50
ITG
ObG
LEFT
RIGHT
ICa
Coronal - MRI +28(+30mm)
A
P
L
SFS
IFS
SFG
CS(1)
CMA(1) SSS LCF
CS
SFG
SFS
CS(2)
R
MFG(1)
+ 80
CG(1) CG(1) MFG(2) CMA(2) IFS MFG IFGop CCg LVa IFGop
ICa
0
IN LS LS STG STG(1) MTG STG(2) LObG MTG PObG
LObG IFG
CS(2)
SG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus
ACA
CG(2) 0
LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
45
ACA
SG
CS(3) – 50
MObG
SPS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IN CNh
Coronal - Cadaver +26(+26mm)
A
+ 80
P
CCb
Cg
R
SFG(2)
CS SFG(1) PcA
SSS CF
CG(1) CS SFG(1) SFG(2) CG(2) SFS
L
MFG(1) Cg
SFS
MFG(2) IFS
MFG
LVa SLF
SP
IFGop
CNh
CCr ICa
IFGop
EmC Cl EC
IN 0
LS LS
IN
MCVs
SCG
Pu
STG
STG
CG(3) IFG
EC MCA
MCA
CCF
ObG
STS ITG
ObG
MObG OTS – 80
N4
OptN
N6
MxN
ON
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum fiber: CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
ICA: Internal carotid artery IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus: IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
CCr
ACA
IRG
SG
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
46
ICA
MxN
MxA
MObG MOTG
– 50
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
LEFT
RIGHT
ICa
Coronal - MRI +26(+28mm)
A
P
MFG
CCg
L
SFS
SFG
CG
SSS
CF
CMA
SFG
SFS
CS
R
MFG
CCr
CG(1)
+ 80
IFS
CNh
LVa IFGop
IFGop
ICa
ICa
IN
IN
MCVs
0
IFG STG
STG Pu
STS
STS
IFG
MTG MTG LObG LObG
SPtS ITG PObG
CS(1)
SG
CS(2)
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
ACA
ACA 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
47
CG(2)
SG – 50
PObG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LS LS
Coronal - Cadaver +24(+24mm)
A
P
SFS CCr
+ 80
R
SFG(2)
Cg
CS SFG(1) PcA
SSS
CF
SFG
CS
CG(1)
L
SFS
CNh
MFG(1)
CG(2) MFG(2)
MFG
IFS ICa
CCb IFGop
Cl IFGob
LVa
IN
SP
0
ICa
MCVs LS EC
Pu SCA
EmC
STG MCA MCA(1) MTG STS LObG MCA(2) ITS LObG MObG ITG ITG OTS MOTG – 80
N3
MxN
ICA
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery
IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
SG
ACA
SG
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N3: Oculomotor nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen SCA: Subcallosal area SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum
48
ICA
N3
MxA MOTG – 50
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
MObG
LEFT
RIGHT
LS
Coronal - MRI +24(+26mm)
P
A
MFG
L
PcA
SFS
SFG
CS
CMA
SSS
ISS
CMA
SFG
SFS
R
CS(1)
MFG
+ 80
CS(2)
CCb
CG LVa IFS IFGop IFGop CNh
EC
EC IN IN
0
LS
LS
STG
STG
STS
STS
ICa
MTG
MTG
Pu LObG
ITG
MObG
SG + 50
Aca: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum
CG
ACA
ACA 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein
49
SG
SV
MObG – 50
SP
LObG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
CCr
Coronal - Cadaver +24(+24mm)
A
P
R
CG CMA
+ 50
SFG
CF
SSS
CG
SFG
L
SFS CS MFG(1)
CS PcA
Cg
CCb MFG(2) IFG
CSP
FOF CNh CCr
SLF
ICa
IFG
CCF
LVa
Cl SP
Pu 0
CCr 0
EmC
ICa PTG
IN
NA
ACA
IN CCF
LObG
SCG
MCA
LS MObG
MCA
OIS – 30
LObG N3
OptN N4 N6
ICA
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum, fiber CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus CSP: Cavum septum pellucidum EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IN: Insula LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
SG
LCF
SG
ON
N3 OIS
0
N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens OIS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus
50
MObG – 30
SG: Straight gyrus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
LEFT
RIGHT
EC
Coronal - MRI +24(+26mm)
A
P
L
SFS
CS(1)
SFG
CMA
CF
CS
R
CG(1)
+ 55
CS(2) MFG
CG(2)
CCb
PcA FOF
SP LVa CNh
CCr
EC
SV
Cl
ICa
EmC
IN IN
0
CSP LS ICa MCA
MObG
CG(3)
LObG
LObG CG
OIS
SG
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus CSP: Cavum septum pellucidum EC: External capsule FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
IN: Insula LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus OIS: Olfactory sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus
CS(2)
ACA 0
SP: Septum pellucidum SV: Septal vein
51
SG
CS(3)
MObG – 30
– 25
LEFT
RIGHT
Pu
Coronal - Cadaver +22(+22mm)
A
P
LVa
+ 80
R
MFG
SFS
CG
CS
SFG
SSS CF
CS
SFG
PcG
L
CCb MFG
IFS
SP
IFS CNh ICa PrG IFGop ICa IN Pu Cl EC
LS 0
IN STG
SuCV
STS
STG
CCF
EmC
MCA(1) Cg MTG
CCF MTG
MCA(2)
SCG ObG
ITS ObG
ITG
N3 N4 – 80
MOTG
OptN
MxN N6
ICA
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery
IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve
SG
ACA
SG
0
N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcG: Paracingulate gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus
52
ON
MxN
N3 – 50
SG: Straight gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SuCV: Superficial cerebral vein
MxA
OTS
LEFT
RIGHT
SCG LS
Coronal - MRI +22(+24mm)
A
P
SFS
L
SFG
CMA(2) CS CMA(1)
SSS CFISS
CgS
SFG
PcG
SFS
R
CG
PcA
MFG
+ 80
MFG
SV CG IFS CCb CNh SP IFGop IFGop
EC
LVa
IN
RIGHT
LS IN
0
MCA(1) LS MCA(2) STG
Cl Pu
STS MTG ITS ITS
ITG LObG
LObG
MOTG
PObG
OlS
SG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part
IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OIS: Olfactory sulcus
CCr
ACA
ACA 0
PcA: Pericallosal artery PcG: Paracingulate gyrus PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein
53
SG
PObG – 50
MOTG
ITG
– 80
LEFT
Ica
EmC
Coronal - Cadaver +20(+20mm)
A
P
R
CCb MFG(1)
+ 80
SFS
CS
SFG PcA
SSS CF
SFG
CS
SFS
CG
L
MFG
LVa Cg
MFG(2) IFS CNh FOF PrG SP
ICa
SLF IFGop ICa
0
EC
Cl
LS
Pu
SCV
IN
STG
LS
EmC
STG
STS
SCG
MCA MCA(1) CCF MTG
ObG
ITS
ITS ITG
ITG
N3 – 80
N4
OptN
MxN N6
ICA(1)
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve
ICA(2)
SG ACA SG 0
N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PcA: Pericallosal artery PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
54
ON
ICA
MxN
MOTG
- 50 SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
CCF MCA(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
IN
Coronal - MRI +20(+22mm)
A
P
M FG
L
CS
SFG
CG
C M A(1) SSS CF
CG
CS
SF G
PcA
R
SFS
M FG
CMA(2)
IFS
CCb
CNh
SP
ICa
LVa
Pu
SV
EC
LS
LS 0
IN
EmC
STG
MCVs
STS
Cl
MTG
MCA
ITS ITS
LObG ITG
PObG
MOTG
OlS + 50
CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part
IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NA: Nucleus accumbens
SG
CCr
CavS 0
OlS: Olfactory sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PObG: Posterior orbital gyrus Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein
55
SCG
SG
OlS
PObG - 50
NA
LObG- 80
LEFT
IFGop
IFGop
RIGHT
+ 80
Coronal - Cadaver +18(+18mm)
A
P
LVa
+ 80
R
MFG
Cg
PcA
SFG
SSS CF SFG
CS
CG(1)
CG(2)
SFS
L
Cg
PrS
MFG(1) CCb
ICa
MFG(2) PrS
PrG
SP EC IFS IN
PrG CNh
CCF ICa IFGop
Pu
RIGHT
SCA 0
OlT
LS
LS
NA
STG IN
STS
STS ICA(1)
MTG CCF
ITS
ITS ITG
MCA ObG
OTS
PaA
N4
Ent OptN - 80
MOTG ICA(2)
N6
MxN
CavS
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AdH: Adenohypophysis CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Ent: Entorhinal cortex
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
ACA AdH
ON
0
MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens ObG: Orbital gyrus OlT: Olfactory tract ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaA: Paralofactory area PcA: Pericallosal artery
56
SG
ICA MxN
CavS MxA - 50
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SCA: Subcallosal area SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
N3
LEFT
IFGop
EmC
Coronal - MRI +18(+20mm)
A
P
MFG
L
CS
SFS
CMA
SFG
SSS CF
CMA
SFG
CS
SFS
R
CCb
MFG
+ 80
CG CNh IFS ICa
IFG Pu IFGop
IFGop EmC
SP
EC LVa
STG
IN
0
MCVs
LS
IN STG MTG
STS
MCA MTG SV
ITS ITS ITG
MOTG
ACA
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NA: Nucleus accumbens Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus
SCG 0
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein
57
ACA
NA - 50
ITG
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LS
Coronal - Cadaver +16(+16mm)
A
P
SP
+ 80
R
SFS
CS
SFG
PcA
SSS CF SFG(1) SFG(2)
CG SFS Cg MFG(1)
L
CCb MFG(2)
LVa ICa
CNh
EC
IFS
IFGop ICa PrG Pu
IN
PrG EmC Cl LS
IFGop IN SuCV
CCF 0
STG LS MCA
NA
STS
STG
LCF
MCA STS
MTG
ITS
ITS
CCF ITG
ITG
Amg
OTS
MOTG - 80
N4
OptN MxN
N6
ICA
CavS AdH OC ACA(2) ACA(1)
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AdH: Adenohypophysis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens OC: Optic chiasm Oltr: Olfactory trigone OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PrG: Precentral gyrus
58
ICA Oltr
MxN - 50
Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SuCV: Superficial cerebral vein
N3
MOTG
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Coronal - MRI +16(+18mm)
A
P
MFG
L
CG
SFS
SFG
CMA SSS CF ISS
CS
PcA
SFG
CG
SFS
R
CCb
SP
+ 80
CNh IFS
IFS
LVa
SV SCG ICa IFGop
IFGop Pu EC
LS
Cl
MCVs
LS
0
MCA(1)
STG
STS
STS
MCA(2) MTG ITS ITS GPe
ITG MOTG
ColS
Oltr
ACA
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
ACA 0
NA: Nucleus accumbens Oltr: Olfactory trigone PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein
59
Oltr
CavS
MOTG - 50
NA
ITG
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IN
Coronal - Cadaver +14(+14mm)
A
P
R
LVa
+ 80
SP
Cg
CS
SFG
PcA
SSS
CF
SFG
SFS
CG
L
MFG
PrS
PrS
LVa ICa CNh PrG PrG(1) AC Pu GPe PrG(2)
LS
IN
EmC
LS
STG
NA
0
IN STS MCA(1) STS ITS MCA(1) MTG
Amg
ITS ITG
ITG OTS
- 80
SI
MOTG
N3
MxN
CavS
AdH
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AdH: Adenohypophysis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve
NH
OC 0
N3: Oculomotor nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens NH: Neurohypophysis OC: Optic chiasm OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SI: Substantia innominata
60
ICA(2)
ICA(1)
CavS - 50
SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
MxA
PHG
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl EC
Coronal - MRI +14(+16mm)
A
P
MFG
L
CS
SFS
CG
CMA
SFG SSS
CF
ISS
CMA
SV(1)
SFS
R
SP
+ 80
CCb SV(2)
LVa
IFS IFS PrG CNh SPs IFGop
IFGop
ICa Pu LS MCVs
LS
0
EC STG
STS(1) MCA(1) EmC MCA(2) STS(2) Cl
MTG
NA
ITS
GPe ITS
MOTG
ColS
Amg
SCG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICS: Intercavernous sinus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein
ICS
ACA
CavS
0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NA: Nucleus accumbens PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SP: Septum pellucidum SPs: Stylus of septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
61
Amg
PHG
MCA - 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein
ITG
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IN
Coronal - Cadaver +14(+14mm)
A
+ 50
P
R
CCb
CS
SFG
CG
CF
PcA
SFG
SFS Cg
L
MFG
Dur SP FOF LVa SPs
PSN CeS
CNh
BN ICa GPi IFS
PrG GPe
SLF
EmC
IFG TcG
EC Pu IN 0
0
IN NA AC DB CCF UF ACA NA OlT LCF
PaA Amg
Amg - 30
Ent
MCA N3
N4
OptN
N6
ON
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AdH: Adenohypophysis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head
CS: Cingulate sulcus DB: Diagonal band of Broca Dur: Dura mater EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Ent: Entorhinal cortex FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
AdH
NH
OC ICA
- 30
0
IN: Insula LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens NH: Neurohypophysis OC: Optic chiasm OlT: Olfactory tract ON: Optic nerve
62
N3
OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PaA: Paralofactory area PcA: Pericallosal artery PrG: Precentral gyrus PSN: Posterior septal nucleus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SP: Septum pellucidum SPs: Stylus of septum pellucidum TcG: Transcapsular gray UF: Uncinate fasciculus
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Coronal - MRI +14(+16mm)
A
P
L
PcA
CS
ISS
CF
CG
CMA
CS
Cg
R
CCb
+ 55
MFG
CG
SV SPs LVa
SV CNh ICa TcG
GPe
ICa Pu
AC Pu EC SCG
EmC 0
SCG
UF SI MCA
MCA
Un Amg
ACA
EmC: Extreme capsule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SI: Substantia innominata SPs: Stylus of septum pellucidum SV: Septal vein
SI
- 25
Amg - 30
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule
CavS
TcG: Transcapsular gray UF: Uncinate fasciculus Un: Uncus
63
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Coronal - Cadaver +12(+12mm)
A
P
ICa
+ 80
R
LVa
SFG
Cg
PcA
CF
SSS
CS
CG(1)
CG(2)
CCb
L
SFS SP
Fxc
AC
CNh PrG ICa GPi PrG
EmC
Pu
LS
IN
IN
Cl
0
GPe
MCA(1)
STG
MCA(2)
LS
STS Amg
MCA(1)
ITS N3
MTG
PHG UF
ITG
AC N4 NA ITG
MOTG - 80
ColS OptN
MxN
N6
ICA AdH
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AdH: Adenohypophysis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
Ent: Entorhinal cortex Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
OC
NH 0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens NH: Neurohypophysis OC: Optic chiasm OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PaA: Paralofactory area PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus
64
ICA
MCA(2)
ColS Ent - 50
Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus UF: Uncinate fasciculus Un: Uncus
PaA
LEFT
RIGHT
EC
Coronal - MRI +12(+14mm)
A
P
M FG
CG
L
SFS
CMA
CS
SFG CF SSS
ISS
PcA
SFG
CG
CC b
R
SFS
+ 80
SP LVa CNh IFS
ICa
SV(1) PrG SV(2) PrG
EC
SCA
EmC
Pu MCVs LS
LS
Cl
STG
0
IN MCA(1) STS
ITG ITS ITS
MCA(2) ITG Amg
SI
CavS
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
Fxc: Fornix, column GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
OC
Fxc
GPi
AC
65
ColS - 50
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OC: Optic chiasm PcA: Pericallosal artery PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SCA: Subcallosal area SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SI: Substantia innominata SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
Un
SV: Septal vein Un: Uncus
MOTG
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
AC
Coronal - Cadaver +10(+10mm)
A
P
SFS
+ 80
R
Fxc
Cg
SFG
CG
SSS
CF
SFG
CS
CC
L
SFS
SP
CNb
PrS
PrS PrG ICa GPll PrG Pu EmC GP
RIGHT
LS
LS 0
MCA(1)
STG IN
STS
SI MCA(2) MTG Amg ITS ITS Amg ITG ITG PHG - 80
MOTG
CavS
AuT
AuTcp TuC
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AuT: Auditory tube AuTcp: Auditory tube, cartilaginous part CavS: Cavernous sinus CC: Corpus callosum CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CS: Cingulate sulcus EmC: Extreme capsule
Fxc: Fornix, column GP: Globus pallidus GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery
AC
NH 0
N3: Oculomotor nerve NH: Neurohypophysis OT: Optic tract PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SI: Substantia innominata SP: Septum pellucidum SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
66
OT
ICA
N3
MCA - 50
STS: Superior temporal sulcus TuC: Tuber cinereum
MxA
LEFT
IN
Cl
Coronal - MRI +10(+12mm)
P
MFG
L
CS
SFS
SFG
CG
CF
ISS
SSS
SFG
CG
CCb
CNb
R
MFG
CMA
IFS
PcA
PrG
LVb
ICa
Fxc
Pu EmC
SV
RIGHT
+ 80
V3(1)
LS
LS
Cl 0
STS
STG
IN
AC
MTG MTG ITS ITS Amg ITG
MOTG
PHG
CavS
OT
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
V3(2)
OC 0
OC: Optic chiasm OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein V3: Third ventricle
67
CavS
GPi
ColS - 50
GPe
- 80
LEFT
A
Coronal - Cadaver +10(+10mm)
A
P
R
CCb
+ 50
CS
CF CMA CG
SFG
L
SFS PcA
SFS SP
Cg
LVb
V3
CNb PrG ST Fxc ICa BN
POA EC
GPe
EmC
GPll
AC
Cl IN
0
Pu
IN
AC(1)
OlTu
AC(2)
0
MCA(1) OT UF Ent Amg
GPi
N3
NA V3
PHG
Amg - 30
Cl Pa
ColS
N4
OptN
N6
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum ClPa: Sphenoid bone, anterior clinoid process CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Ent: Entorhinal cortex Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hyp: Hypothalamus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IN: Insula LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery
Hyp
OC
NH
OT
N3
ICA
Un
- 30
0
N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens NH: Neurohypophysis OC: Optic chiasm OlTu: Olfactory tubercle OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus POA: Preoptic area PrG: Precentral gyrus
68
ColS
Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SP: Septum pellucidum ST: Stria terminalis UF: Uncinate fasciculus Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle
MCA(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Coronal - MRI +10(+12mm)
A
P
L
SV
CG
CF
ISS
CMA
CS
R
CG
+ 55
Cg Scc
FOF
CCb SP
TSV
CNb FOF
ICa
LVb GPe ICa Fxc V3(1) EC
Pu
RIGHT
V3(2)
EmC
0
UF
Un IN Amg
PHG GPi AP
PHG
Amg
OT
Ib
Hyp
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AP: Ansa peduncularis CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment Hyp: Hypothalamus Ib: Infundibulum ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body OT: Optic tract PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
OT
– 25
ColS – 30
Pu: Putamen Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SI: Substantia innominata SP: Septum pellucidum SV: Septal vein TSV: Thalamostriate vein UF: Uncinate fasciculus Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle
69
LEFT
AC
Cl
Coronal - Cadaver +8(+8mm)
A
P
LV
+ 80
PoS
R
ICV Cg
CS
SuCV
SFG
PcA
SSS
CF
CG
SFG
CCb PrS(1) PrG
L
Fxb CeS(1) CNb Fxc
PrG
PrS(2) PoG(1)
CeS ICg CeS(2)
PoG
BN
GPml
PrS(2) Pu
EmC
GPe
GPll
AC PoG(2)
IN 0
LS(1)
GPe LS
LS(2)
EC
STG
GPi
MCA
AC
STS
Amg
UF
OT
MTG SI
ITS
ITG(1) OTS Amg ITG(2)
ITG
PHG – 80
MOTG
PHG PCA
CavS
N3
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cgs: Cingulum, subcallosal Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus
CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hyp: Hypothalamus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICV: Internal cerebral vein
TuC
Hyp
V3
0
IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LV: Lateral ventricle MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery N3: Oculomotor nerve OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery
70
ICA
OT
CavS
MxA
ColS
OTS
– 50
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SI: Substantia innominata SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SuCV: Superficial cerebral vein
TuC: Tuber cinereum UF: Uncinate fasciculus V3: Third ventricle
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Coronal - MRI +8(+10mm)
A
P
SV(2)
L
SV(1)
SFS
SFG
CS
CG SSS CF
CMA
SFG
SFS
R
CS
+ 80
MFG
CNb
CG Fxb CCb Pu
LVb
PrG PrG GPe ICa IN
RIGHT
LS
EmC
STG
0
STG MCA GPll
STS
MTG
GPml Amg
ITS
ITG
Amg ITG
OTS MOTG
ColS
PHG
GPi
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cgs: Cingulum, subcallosal CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Ib: Infundibulum ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
Ib
V3
OT
0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SI: Substantia innominata SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein
71
PHG
MOTG – 50
V3: Third ventricle
SI
– 80
LEFT
EC
Coronal - Cadaver +6(+6mm)
A
P
CNb
+ 80
R
PrS
ICV
Cg
SCV SFG
CS
SSS CF
CG
SFG
PcA CCb
Fxb
L
FOF PrS
PrG
LVb PrG(1) AN
CeS
ICg PoG SLF Pu EC
GPll
Pu
PoS CeS Cl
0
IN
PrG(2)
LS LS GPe MCA STG
MTG
GPi STS LVi
EmC
Amg
GPml
UF – 80
LOTG
OTS
MOTG PHG
CavS
+ 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina ICA: Internal carotid artery ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICV: Internal cerebral vein IN: Insula
TuC
Fxc
OT
0
LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
72
ICA
CavS
ColS – 50
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TuC: Tuber cinereum UF: Uncinate fasciculus
AL
Amg
LEFT
RIGHT
EmC
Coronal - MRI +6(+8mm)
A
P
PcA
L
CG
SFS
SFG
ISS CF
SSS
CS
Fxb
SFG
R
AN
LVb
+ 80
IFS MFG
Cg ICg CCb CNb
Pu GPml
PrG
RIGHT
Cl
LS
LS
IN 0
EC
STG
STS STS GPe MTG
ITS
ITS
MCA
GPi
LVi ITG MOTG
Amg
PHG
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina ICg: Internal capsule, genu IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery
OT
V3
LVb
Amg
PHG
0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
73
ColS – 50
V3: Third ventricle
– 80
LEFT
EmC
GPml
Coronal - Cadaver +6(+6mm)
A
P
LVb
+ 50
R
Fxb
SFG
Cg
CCb
CF
CG
CS
L
Scc SP
ICV FOF V3
CNb
MFG SMT IML AN VA TcG ICg
SLF
PVN RetN AP
VA
EC
Pu
Cl GPll
EmC
GPe 0
0
Amg GPi AL
N3
AC N4
IFO SI
LVi
LHA
PHG
UF/ILF Amg
ColS – 30
PHG MOTG
TuC
N6
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus AP: Ansa peduncularis CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Ent: Entorhinal cortex FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Ib: Infundibulum ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICV: Internal cerebral vein
IR
Ib
Fxc
N3
Un Ent
ColS
0
IFO: Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IML: Internal medullary lamina IR: Infundibular recess LHA: Lateral hypothalamic area LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve OT: Optic tract
74
MOTG
– 30
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen PVN: Paraventricular nucleus RetN: Reticular nucleus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SI: Substantia innominata SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SP: Septum pellucidum TcG: Transcapsular gray TuC: Tuber cinereum UF: Uncinate fasciculus
Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
LEFT
RIGHT
GPml OT
Coronal - MRI +6(+8mm)
A
P
SP
L
Cg
CG
CS
CCb
CF
CS
CMA
Cg
R
Scc
+ 55
Fxb LVb FOF CNb
CP AN
SV
ICg
SLF
TSV
ICg
Pu
EC
Cl
Pu
EmC
GPe
GPe 0
GPi
HS
SI
GPi SI
Un
OT
Amg Amg
LVi PHG
Hyp
+ 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CP3: Choroid plexus in the third ventricle CP: Choroid plexus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HS: Hypothalamic sulcus Hyp: Hypothalamus ICg: Internal capsule, genu IVF: Interventricular foramen LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn OT: Optic tract
Fxc V3
CP3
0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SI: Substantia innominata SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SP: Septum pellucidum SV: Septal vein TSV: Thalamostriate vein Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle
75
IVF
– 25
PHG – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
EC
Coronal - Cadaver +4(+4mm)
A
P
CNb
+ 80
R
AN
PrS
SMT SCV
SFG
SSS CF PcA SFG CS
CG
CCb
Fxb
L
ICV
FOF MI
PrG ICa IML PrG
CS
SLF
CeS
CeS PoG(1)
PoG Pu
VA
EC
0
Cl
LS
IN EmC
IN
LS TTG
GPe
STS EML
STG
MTG
MCA AL
GPi
LVi ITG(1) ILF AL
ITS ITG
ITG(2) Amg – 80
OT
ColS
PHG
PCA(1)
+ 50 AL: Ansa lenticularis AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule EML: External medullary lamina FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, externalsegment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery ICV: Internal cerebral vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IML: Internal medullary lamina
PCA(2)
Fxc N3 0
IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MI: Massa intermedia MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
76
CavS
ICA
PCA
ColS
MOTG
– 50 PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
LEFT
RIGHT
PoG(2)
Coronal - MRI +4(+6mm)
A
P
CCb
L
MFG
PcA
CG
CS
SFG
CF
SSS
ISS
CS
CMA
SFS
R
SV MFG AN
+ 80
IML LVb
IFS
RIGHT
Fxb
PrG
PrG
GPml
Pu
MCA(1)
ICg
Cl
LS
EC
IN
EmC 0
MCA(2)
STG
STS STS GPll
MTG
GPe
ITS ITG
ITS AL LVi MOTG MOTG Amg
ColS
PHG OT
V3
+ 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HS: Hypothalamic sulcus ICg: Internal capsule, genu IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IML: Internal medullary lamina IN: Insula ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
HS
Fxc
0
ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen
77
GPi
Amg – 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
ColS
– 80
LEFT
VA
CNb
Coronal - Cadaver +2(+2mm)
A
P
ICV
+ 80
R
PrS
CCb
SCV SFG CF SSS
PcA CG
CS SFG
Fxb MFG(1) LVb MFG(2)
L
PrS
PrG
CNb
AN
VL PrG
CeS
CeS PoG
EC
IML
GPe Cl
VA
EmC
0
PoG
DM
LS
IN
IN
STS
STG
MTG TTG ICp GPml LVi
ICp
Hi GPi OTS Amg ITG OTS OT – 80
MOTG
PHG
ICA
IPtS
BA
PCA
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IML: Internal medullary lamina IN: Insula IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LF: Lenticular fasciculus
MB
N3 0
LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
78
IPtS
LF – 50
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
MOTG
LEFT
RIGHT
Pu LS
Coronal - MRI +2(+4mm)
A
P
Fxb
L
CCb
MFG
CG
PcA CF SSS
ISS
CG
SFG
CS
SV
R
MFG
LVb
+ 80
PrG CNb AN ICV
SMT
CeS PrG
ICp
VL
PoG Cl
Pu EC
GPll
EmC STG STS
STS
0
GPe GPml MTG MTG LVi
ITS ITG
ITS ITG
GPi
MOTG MOTG Amg
PHG
OT
AL
+ 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus
DM
V3
TF
0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami
79
Un
Amg – 50
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SV: Septal vein TF: Thalamic fasciculus Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
ColS
Hi
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LS
Coronal - Cadaver +2(+2mm)
A
P
LVb
+ 50
SP
R
CCb
CG
CS
PcA
CF
CS
SFG
CG
Cg
L
MFG Scc
AN
Fxb
ICp
ICV
EML
SMT
IML
CNb ST
LF
MTT ICp
Pu
VA GPe
DM
GPi
Pu
EmC
GPll LF
0
Cl
AL
OT
OT
Amg
ST
CrC
UF
CNt
CNt Amg
Hi
LVi
V3
Hi MB – 30
Fxc N3
N4
N5
+ 30
AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BA: Basilar artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule EML: External medullary lamina Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Ib: Infundibulum ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein
IPtS BA PCA
Ib
N3
IR
Un
0
IML: Internal medullary lamina IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IR: Infundibular recess LF: Lenticular fasciculus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve OT: Optic tract
80
PHG
ColS
– 30
PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SP: Septum pellucidum ST: Stria terminalis TF: Thalamic fasciculus UF: Uncinate fasciculus Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle
VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
0
LEFT
RIGHT
EC
Coronal - MRI +2(+4mm)
A
L
P
Cg
CS
Scc
CF
CG
CS
R
MTG CMA
PcA
+ 55
CCb SP SV LVb Fxb CNb CNb AN AN
ICV
IML VL VA
Pu
ICV
GPll
ICp
GPe
DM
EC
MI
EmC
AC
GPll
0
GPi
AL
OT
OT
Amg LVi
Amg Hi
Hi LVi
PHG
Hyp
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus HS: Hypothalamic sulcus Hyp: Hypothalamus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IML: Internal medullary lamina
V3
HS
TF
PHG
0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MI: Massa intermedia MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SP: Septum pellucidum SV: Septal vein TF: Thalamic fasciculus V3: Third ventricle
81
ColS – 30
VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
– 25
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Coronal - Cadaver ±0(±0mm)
A
P
PrG
+ 80
R
DM PrS
LVb AvN SMT
CCb PcA SSS CF CG SFG CS
Fxb
MFG
V3
LVb
L
CNb IML
VA
PrG
CeS
ICp
MI
CeS EC
PoG
GPe
VL
Cl Pu PoG IN EmC LS LS TTG
TF
IN
0
STS
GPll
STN GPi PCA MFG SN AL ITG(1) CNt
LVi ITG(2)
OT
OTS
ITG
Amg
OTS Hi
PHG – 80
CavS
ICA
MTT
MB
+ 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AvN: Anteroventral nucleus BA: Basilar artery BP: Basis pontis CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail
ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb
BA
SN
PN BP 0
IML: Internal medullary lamina IN: Insula IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MI: Massa intermedia MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus
82
IPtS
CrC CavS PCA
ColS
OTS
– 50
PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STN: Subthalamic nucleus
STS: Superior temporal sulcus TF: Thalamic fasciculus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
LEFT
RIGHT
TTG
Coronal - MRI ±0(+2mm)
A
P
CNb
L
MFG
AN
LVb Fxb
SFG CG CF SSS PcA
SFG CS
CG
MFG
R
CCb
ICV
DM
+ 80
PrG
VA DM PrG VL
MI CeS
Pu
PoG
CeS
ICp
PoG
EmC LS
LS
TTG STG
STG
EC 0
Cl
STS
STS MTT GPll GPe MTT ITS
ITG
ITG
IML
AL MOTG GPi
MOTG
PHG
Hi
STN
+ 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis AN: Anterior nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IML: Internal medullary lamina ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
MB
V3
SN
0
MB: Mammillary body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MI: Massa intermedia MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
83
CrC
PHG
Hi – 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
ColS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
TTG
Coronal - Cadaver –1(–1) mm
A
P
DM
+ 80
R
AN
PrS
CCb
SFG CF SSS PcA CG SFG
CS
Fxb MFG
L
LVb CNb PrG
V3
CS
CeS
VA
ICp
VL
EC
PoG Cl
PoG
Pu
GPe
LS
Cl
0
LS
TF
TTG
STS
IN
STN
STG
LVi
GPi MTG
SN AL ITG
OT STN
Hi
ITG OTS
Sb
Amg OTS
PHG – 80
CavS
MTT
IPC
MB
SN
+ 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery BP: Basis pontis CavS: Cavernous sinus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus
CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IN: Insula IPC: Interpeduncular cistern IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus
BA
BP 0
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MI: Massa intermedia MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus
84
PN
IPtS
ICA
CrC
ColS
– 50
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen Sb: Subiculum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TF: Thalamic fasciculus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
LEFT
RIGHT
EC MI
Coronal - MRI –1(±0mm)
A
P
IML
CNb
L
LVb
AN Fxb
CG SFG
CCb SSS CF
CG SFG
CG
MFG
ICV
R
DM
+ 80
PrG CM MI VA CeS VL
PoG
Pu
IML
CeS
ICp EC
PoG
RIGHT
TTG
TTG
STG
EC
STS
STS
MTG
GPll
GPe
AL
ITS
ITG
0
ITG LVi GPi ColS
Hi
PHG
STN
+ 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis AN: Anterior nucleus CC: Corpus callosum CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule Fxb: Fornix, body
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IML: Internal medullary lamina ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body
Scom
MB V3 0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MI: Massa intermedia MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen Scom: Supramammillary commissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
85
SN
STN
CC
PHG – 50
STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
ColS
MOTG
– 80
LEFT
LS
LS
Coronal - Cadaver –2(–2mm)
A
P
PrG
+ 80
R
LVb
PrS
AvN V3
CC SFG PcA SSS CF CG SFG
Cg
Fxb MFG
LVb
L
CNb
PrG
AN IML CeS CeS VA
ICp
PoG
EC
DM
GPe
RIGHT
0
Pu
IN Cl
LS
EC
TTG
LS
IN
TTG
STG
GPll
STS
GPml
MTG
GPi
CM
OT
LVi CNt Hi STN
PCA
ITG
FF ITG
OTS
– 80
MOTG PHG
CrC
ICA
IPtS Hyp
+ 50
AN: Anterior nucleus AvN: Anteroventral nucleus BA: Basilar artery CavS: Cavernous sinus CC: Corpus callosum CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail
ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule FF: Fields of Forel Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus ICA: Internal carotid artery
IPF
BA
PN CrC
0
ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IML: Internal medullary lamina IN: Insula IPF: Interpeduncular fossa IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OT: Optic tract
86
CavS
PCA
ICA
SN
ColS
– 50
OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
LEFT
PoG
VL
Coronal - MRI –2(–2mm)
A
P
Pr G
L
CCb
SFS
CS
CG
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG Fx b CS
ICV
DM
VA
LVb
R
PrS
VL
+ 80
PrS
PrG
CNb
GPll
MFG CeS GPe Pu EC
PoG
TTG
SMG
LS
TTG LS STG STS
STS
0
GPi Cl MTG EmC ITG ITS
ITS
GPml
LVi
GPi MOTG STN
PHG
CrC
SN
+ 50
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MI: Massa intermedia
V3
IPF
MI
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
87
PHG
Hi – 50
STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
ColS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - Cadaver –2(–2mm)
A
P
R
AN
+ 50
Fx b
CS
CG
CCb
SMT
DN
Cg
ApN
L
SZ VA
LVb FOF CNb LD V3 IML
ST
PHyA DM SLF ICp VL CM Pu
EC
GPll
Cl
GPi GPml
FF 0
GPe
STN
LF OT
OT
CrC
STN
Amg
ZI
CNt
ILF
LVi
CrC Hi
Hi Sb – 30
ColS
N5
N4
SN
+ 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus ApN: Anteroprincipal nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Ent: Entorhinal cortex FF: Fields of Forel FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus
TPF
TF
PN
SN
Ent
N5
PCA
0
ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IML: Internal medullary lamina LD: Lateral dorsal nucleus LF: Lenticular fasciculus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn N4: Trochlear nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve OT: Optic tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHyA: Posterior hypothalamic area PN: Pontine nucleus
88
ColS – 30
Pu: Putamen Sb: Subiculum SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra ST: Stria terminalis STN: Subthalamic nucleus SZ: Stratum zonale TF: Thalamic fasciculus TPF: Transverse pontine fibers V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
ZI: Zona incerta
0
LEFT
RIGHT
EmC
Coronal - MRI –2(–2mm)
A
P
L
CNb
Cg
CS
CF
CCb
CG
R
CMA
PcA
+ 55
Fxb
MI
ICV AN
VL
FOF VA
VP
DM
ICp
VL FF Pu ICp Pu
EmC Cl
GPll GPi
HS
0
ZI OT
STN CNt LVi
CrC
STN Hi Hi ColS
ColS PHG HiS + 30
AN: Anterior nucleus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule FF: Fields of Forel FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus HiS: Hippocampal sulcus HS: Hypothalamic sulcus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IPF: Interpeduncular fossa
V3
IPF
LF
SN
89
HiS – 30
0
LF: Lenticular fasciculus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MI: Massa intermedia OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen SN: Substantia nigra STN: Subthalamic nucleus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PHG
ZI: Zona incerta
– 25
LEFT
RIGHT
EC
Coronal - Cadaver –4(–4mm)
A
P
SZ
+ 80
PrG
R
LVb
PrS
DM
CCb
PcA
SFG SSS CF
CS
CG
SFG
Cg
PrS
Fxb
L
PrG LVb
CeS CNb CeS
PoS
ICp LP PoG PoG EC
IN
Cl LS
RIGHT
Pu 0
TTG STG
STS
EmC VL GPll CM MTG
LVi
GPe
ITG Hi
CNt
V3 Hi STN OTS
MOTG
ColS – 80
PHG
N5
N4
IPtS
N6 SN
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule FF: Fields of Forel Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICS: Intercavernous sinus IN: Insula IPF: Interpeduncular fossa
IPF
PN
0
IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N4: Trochlear nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve N6: Abducens nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery
90
BA
ICS
CrC ICA SN
FF
– 50
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
SZ: Stratum zonale TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
LEFT
LS
TTG
Coronal - MRI –4(–4mm)
A
P
ICp
VL
L
CeS PrG
CNb
PrS
LP SCV
SFG
CF SSS
ISS PrG
CS
CG
CCb
R
Fxb
+ 80
CeS Pu EmC
LVb
PoG
PoG
GPe ICV MCA
SMG
TTG LS STG
STG
0
IN
EC
STS
STS GPll
MTG
GPi
IFS
IFS
CNt
Hi
MOTG
ColS
ColS
PHG CM
PCA
V3
Po
+ 50
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule Fxb: Fornix, body
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
DM 0
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Po: Pons PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus
91
SN
CrC STN – 50
SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
PHG
Hi
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IN
Coronal - Cadaver –6(–6mm)
A
+ 80
P
SZ
LVb
R
PrG
Fxb
CCb
PcA
PaL
SSS CF PaL
CG
CS
PrS
L
PrG
Cg
CeS CeS LVb PoG CNb PoS DM LP ICp IN EC
Pu LS
IN LS Cl
STG 0
EmC
STS
GPe
ICp MTG
V3 STN
CNt LGN
HiS
Hi MOTG OTS LOTG MOTG PCA – 80
ColS
PHG SPtS ICA
N5
IPtS
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment Hi: Hippocampus HiS: Hippocampal sulcus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IN: Insula IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus
SN
RaN
PN 0
LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N5: Trigeminal nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
92
BA
RN
CrC
SPtS
– 50
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen RaN: Raphe nucleus RN: Red nucleus SN: Substantia nigra SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SZ: Stratum zonale V3: Third ventricle
VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
LEFT
RIGHT
VL
Coronal - MRI –6(–6mm)
A
P
CeS
LVb
L
PrG(2)
PrG(1)
CS
CCb
SFG ISS
SSS
CF
CG
PrG
CS
Fxb
R
ICV
CeS
+ 80
PoG
CNb
DM
V3
PoS LP SMG PrS
IN EC
RIGHT
LS
LS
Pu
STG 0
STS
STS
GPll
MTG ITS
GPe
CNt
ITG
Hi VP
Msi
ColS
PHG
CrC SCA
RN
VeA(1)
+ 50
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule Fxb: Fornix, body
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein IN: Insula IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body Msi: Marginal sinus
VeA(2)
IPF 0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Po: Pons PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen RN: Red nucleus SCA: Subcallosal area SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus
93
Po
SN – 50
SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PCA
– 80
LEFT
TTG
Cl
Coronal - Cadaver –6(–6mm)
A
P
R
Cg
+ 50
PcA
CCb
CG
CF
CS
L
Cg
Fxb
AN
LVb DM SMT LP
CNb SZ
EML
V3
LP
ICp
FF
Pu TF
ZI RN GP
EmC EC
STN AR
AR 0
0
LGN OR
LGN
CNt
SNr
LVi LVi OT
Hi
Hi SNr HiS
CrC
ColS
Amg – 30
MOTG
N4
N5
+ 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AN: Anterior nucleus AR: Auditory radiation CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule EML: External medullary lamina FF: Fields of Forel Fxb: Fornix, body GP: Globus pallidus Hi: Hippocampus HiS: Hippocampal sulcus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
RaN
PN
SNc
N5
PCA
0
LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N4: Trochlear nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus Pu: Putamen RaN: Raphe nucleus RN: Red nucleus
94
PHG – 30
SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SNr: Substantia nigra, pars reticularis STN: Subthalamic nucleus SZ: Stratum zonale TF: Thalamic fasciculus V3: Third ventricle ZI: Zona incerta
LEFT
RIGHT
CI
Coronal - MRI –6(–6mm)
A
P
L
CCb
Cg
CF
CG
R
CS
PcA
+ 55
Fxb ICV CNb LVb SMT EML LP AN V3
VI
VP
SMT TC
ICp
DM EC EmC
IN CM ICrl
GPll
AR
0
GPe LGN
HS CNt
Hi
LVi
DG
Hi Hif ColS
ColS CrC
PCA + 30
AN: Anterior nucleus AR: Auditory radiation BP: Basis pontis CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri
CS: Cingulate sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule EML: External medullary lamina Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria HS: Hypothalamic sulcus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb
BP
IPF
SNc
RN
0
ICrl: Internal capsule, retrolenticular ICV: Internal cerebral vein IN: Insula IPF: Interpeduncular fossa LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen RN: Red nucleus
95
SNr – 30
SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SNr: Substantia nigra, pars reticularis TC: Tela choroidea V3: Third ventricle VI: Velum interpositum VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PHG
– 25
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl Pu
Coronal - Cadaver –8(–8mm)
A
P
CeS
+ 80
R
LP
PrG
LVb
DM
PcA
PaL
SSS CF
CS
CG
Cg
L
PcA
CeS LVb
PoG
PoG
CM
CNb PoS Fxb SMG SMT VP LS
ICa
ICp
Pu TTG
STS
V3
0
LGN LVi MTG CNt ITS
ML
Hi
RN
ITG LOG PHG
PCA
MOTG
CrC
N5
ColS – 80
SPtS
PCA
SN
IPtS
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body Hi: Hippocampus
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus
PN
VTA 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N5: Trigeminal nerve PaL: Paracentral lobule PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen RaN: Raphe nucleus RN: Red nucleus
96
BA
MLF
RaN – 50
SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VP: Ventral posterior nucleus VTA: Ventral tegmental area
ICA
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - MRI –8(–8mm)
A
P
Fxb
CeS
L
PrG(2)
PrG(1)
CCb
CS
SFG
SSS
CF
ISS
PrG
CG
TCF
CS
R
CeS
LVb
+ 80
PoG
ICV DM
CNb
LP
PoS
VP
SMG
CM
V3
MCA
TTG
Pu
LS STG
EC
STS
STS
0
CNt
MTG
ITS
Hi ITG
LVi ColS
Hi
PHG
ColS
Msi CC
PHG PCA
SCbllA
RN
Po
+ 50
CC: Corpus callosum CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule
Fxb: Fornix, body Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery Msi: Marginal sinus
VeA(1)
VeA(2) 0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Po: Pons PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen RN: Red nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra
97
IPF
SN
CrC
PCA – 50
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TCF: Transverse cerebral fissure TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LS
Coronal - Cadaver –10(–10mm)
A
P
CeS
+ 80
R
LVb
PrG
SMT
PcA PaL
SSS CF
CG
CS
Cg
PrS
L
CCb
LVb PoG
PrS
CNb
DM
Fxb SMG
SMG V3 ML LS
MGN
STG
LGN
STS
CNt
LVi
MTG
ITS
SN
0
Hi PHG
ITG ITG
PCA
OTS CrC ColS
N5 – 80
MOTG
SPtS
SN
IPtS
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EV: Emissary vein
Fxb: Fornix, body Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus
MLF
PN
RaN
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N5: Trigeminal nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus RaN: Raphe nucleus
98
BA
EV
RN – 50
RN: Red nucleus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle
ICA
LEFT
RIGHT
TTG
Coronal - MRI −10(−10mm)
A
P
CeS
PrG
L
CS
CG
SFG CF SSS
ISS PrG
CG
CS
CCb
R
CeS
+ 80
PoG Fxb LVb
PoS
ICV CNb LP SMG DM SMT IN VP
V3 LS IC
TTG STG 0 STS
STS
MTG
CNt
ITS
ITS LVi
CM ITG
MOTG
Hi
ColS
PHG
CrC
SCbllA
RN
VeA(1)
+ 50
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body Hi: Hippocampus
IC: Internal capsuleI CV: Internal cerebral vein IN: Insula IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus Msi: Marginal sinus
VeA(2)
IPF 0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus RN: Red nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
99
PN
RN
Msi - 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PHG
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LS
Coronal - Cadaver −10(−10mm)
A
P
R
CS
Cg
+ 50
CF
CCb
PcA
CMA
CG
L
PrS
LVb
PrS ICV SMT
CNb
DM Fxb LP CM VL VPM V3
IML
VP VPL ML
LGN 0
MGN
OR
LGN
Hi
OR CNt LVi
RN
Hia
Hia
Hi
RaN
Sb PHG OTS ColS PCA − 30
N4 SPtS
N5
VTA
+ 30
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CM: Centromedian nucleus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body
Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICV: Internal cerebral vein IML: Internal medullary lamina LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus ML: Medial lemniscus N4: Trochlear nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve OR: Optic radiation
PN
TPF
SCP
RN
SN
CrC − 30
0
OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PrS: Precentral sulcus RaN: Raphe nucleus RN: Red nucleus Sb: Subiculum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
100
TPF: Transverse pontine fibers V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus VPL: Ventral posterior lateral nucleus VPM: Ventral posterior medial nucleus VTA: Ventral tegmental area
ColS
PHG
0
LEFT
RIGHT
MGN
Coronal - MRI −10(−10mm)
A
P
L
CS
ISS
CS
CF
CG
R
PcA
+ 55
Fxb ICV
CCb
LVb CNb SMT
LVb
LP VI
DM
TC
IN CM
ICrl TTG VPL
HS
ICrl
0
OR CNt
Hi
DG LVi
DG
Hi ColS
ColS
ML PHG
CrC
N5
+ 30
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body Hi: Hippocampus
HS: Hypothalamic sulcus ICrl: Internal capsule, retrolenticular ICV: Internal cerebral vein IN: Insula IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn ML: Medial lemniscus N5: Trigeminal nerve OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery
V3
IPF
PN
0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus RN: Red nucleus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra TC: Tela choroidea TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VI: Velum interpositum VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VPL: Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
101
RN
SN
CrC - 30
PHG
- 25
LEFT
RIGHT
VL
Coronal - Cadaver −12(−12mm)
A
P
LVb
+ 80
R
CeS
PrG
CG
PaL
SSS
CF
PaL
Cg
CS
PoS
L
CC LVb
PoG PoG
DM
CNb PoS Fxcr Pv ICV TTG
SMG PC
VP
LS
LS
TTG STS
MGN
BSC
RaN
CNt
LVi
0
MTG ILF Hi PCA ITS RN ITG ColS PCA RN OTS
SPtS
ColS CrC MOTG - 80
PHG
CLw
ICA
IPtS
+ 50
BSC: Brachium of superior colliculus CC: Corpus callosum CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
EV: Emissary vein Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICV: Internal cerebral vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus
SN
PN
VTA 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PC: Posterior commissure PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus RaN: Raphe nucleus
102
VeA
IPtS
EV - 50
RN: Red nucleus SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery VP: Ventral posterior nucleus VTA: Ventral tegmental area
SCPd
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - MRI −12(−12mm)
A
P
Fxcr
CeS
L
PrG
ICV
CS
CG
CF SSS
PrG CeS ISS
CS
CCb
R
CeS
CNb
PoG
DM
PoS
LVb
VL
VP
SMT
LS
LS
TTG
V3 STG
STG
STS 0 STS CNt MTG ILF ITS ITS ILF Hi Hi Msi ColS ColS
MOTG PHG PHG
CrC
SCbllA
SN
+ 50
BP: Basis pontis CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus Msi: Marginal sinus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
VeA(1)
VeA(2) 0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus RN: Red nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
103
BP
SCP
RN - 50
V3: Third ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
CrC
- 80
LEFT
SMG
CM
RIGHT
+ 80
Coronal - Cadaver −13(−13mm)
A
P
LVb
+ 80
R
CeS
PrG
CCb
PaL SSS
CF
PaL
CG
CS
L
PrS
Cg LVb
PoG PoG
CCs
CNb
PoS
Fxcr
DM
PC
Pv
SMG
TTG
TTG TTG
LS STG
STS
CGS
0
MTG
LVi
CNt
ILF RN
BSC
ITG Hi SN PHG
CrC N7
ColS
N8
MOTG
SPtS − 80
ML CLw
N4
PCA
IPtS
+ 50
BSC: Brachium of superior colliculus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGS: Central gray substance CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri
CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EV: Emissary vein Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn ML: Medial lemniscus
PN
SCPd
VeA(2)
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N4: Trochlear nerve N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve PaL: Paracentral lobule PC: Posterior commissure PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
104
VeA(1)
EV − 50
PrS: Precentral sulcus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus RN: Red nucleus SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
ICA
LEFT
RIGHT
VP
Coronal - MRI −13(−14mm)
A
P
Fxcr
CeS
L
PrG
ICV
CS
CG
CF
SSS
ISS PrG
CeS CG
CS
CCb
R
PoG
+ 80
LVb
CNb
PoS
DM
TC VL SMG CM SMT
LS
LS
VP
STG
STG
STS
0
Hi
STS
MTG
ITS
ITS
OR
ITG Hi MS MOTG ColS
ColS PHG PHG
CrC
SCbllA
SN
+ 50
Aq: Aqueduct BP: Basis pontis CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus
Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus
VeA
RN
VeA 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus RN: Red nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TC: Tela choroidea TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
105
BP
SCP
Aq - 50
VeA: Vertebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
CrC
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
TTG
Coronal - Cadaver −14(−14mm)
A
P
PoG
+ 80
R
CeS
PrG
LVb
PC
PaL
SSS
CF
CG
CS
PrG
L
Cg
Pv
CC PoG
PoS LVb PCA CNb TTG(1) Fxcr TTG(2)
SMG
LS
TTG
STG CGS CNt 0
LVi Hi
STS
PHG
RN MTG
ITS ITS ITG MOTG
LOTG
SN
ColS
CbllT SPtS − 80
CLw
ICA
IPtS
+ 50
CC: Corpus callosum CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGS: Central gray substance CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hi: Hippocampus
Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve PaL: Paracentral lobule
Pyd
PN
VeA(2) 0
VeA(1)
IPtS
SCPd − 50
SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus PC: Posterior commissure SSS: Superior sagittal sinus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus PN: Pontine nucleus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Pyd: Pyramid RN: Red nucleus SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra
106
N8
LEFT
RIGHT
Hif
Coronal - MRI −14(−16mm)
A
P
Fxcr CeS
L
CCb
CS
CG
PrG
ISS
SSS CF
PrG CeS
CG
PoG
R
PcA
+ 80
ICV
CNb
PoS SMG LVb Pv SMG TTG LS LS Pv
Hi
STG
0
STG
STS
MTG
LGN
ITS OR ColS ITG
CNt
MOTG ITG
PHG MOTG ColS
Msi
SCbllA
SC
+ 50
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus Msi: Marginal sinus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PC: Posterior commissure PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Po: Pons
VeA
SCPd 0
Po
PC
PQL - 50
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PT: Planum temporale Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
107
PCA
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PT
Coronal - Cadaver −14(−14mm)
A
P
R
Scc
+ 50
PcA
CS
CF
CG
CS
CMA
L
Cg
CCb
Fxcr
CV
FOF
LVb
CNb
CCs
TSV DM
CNt PG
SLF
MCA Pv HC HN TTG TTG PR MGN
PCA
Ptc 0
0
CNt Hia
Hif OR
Hi
LVi
CGS ILF Hi
PHG OTS
ML
ColS PCA
MOTG PHG
MOTG − 30
ColS N4
CLw
MpT
PN
+ 30
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGS: Central gray substance CLw: Central lobule, wing CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus CV: Cavum vergae
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxcr: Fornix, crus HC: Habenular commissure Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria HN: Habenular nucleus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus
ML
SCPd
MLF 0
ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum N4: Trochlear nerve OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PC: Posterior commissure PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PG: Pineal gland PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus
108
CLw
SN
PCA − 30
PR: Pineal recess Ptc: Pretectum Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SN: Substantia nigra TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
LEFT
RIGHT
PC
Coronal - MRI −14(−16mm)
A
P
L
CS
PcA
CF
CMA
ISS
R
CG
Cg
+ 55
CG Scc
CCb
Fxcr
LVb
LVb
CNb
Fxcr
Pv
ICV VI
HC
Pv PC PR
ICrl
Pv
CNt
0
Hia
Hi
LVi
DG
Hi PHG ColS
PHG
MOTG ColS
CbllT
ML
CGS
+ 30
Aq: Aqueduct CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCb: Corpus callosum, body CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGS: Central gray substance ChF: Choroid fissure CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus
DG: Dentate gyrus Fxcr: Fornix, crus HC: Habenular commissure Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICrl: Internal capsule, retrolenticular ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PC: Posterior commissure
SCPd
Aq
0
PcA: Pericallosal artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PR: Pineal recess Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SC: Superior colliculus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation VI: Velum interpositum
109
PQL
SC - 30
- 25
LEFT
RIGHT
ChF
Coronal - Cadaver −16(−16mm)
A
P
R
LVtr
+ 80
CeS
PrG
CCs
CS
SSS
PaL
CF
CG
Cg
PR
L
TSV
PoG PoG
Fxcr SCc
Pv PoS MpT SC SMG LS N3N Hi CNt STG
STS 0
OR
LVi
MOTG
MTG
PF
PCA
ITS
PHG
ITG MOTG MOTG
OTS
SPtS
PSF
AQL
PQL HF
SSL
IJV − 80
N7 ML
N8
IPtS
MLF
ION
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fxcr: Fornix, crus HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus IJV: Internal jugular vein
ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
PN
SCPd 0
N12: Hypoglossal nerve N3N: Oculomotor nerve nucleu N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
110
Pyd
VeA
N12
N8
MCP
− 50 PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PR: Pineal recess PrG: Precentral gyrus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Pyd: Pyramid SC: Superior colliculus SCc: Commissure of superior colliculus SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TSV: Thalamostriate vein VeA: Vertebral artery
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS
Coronal - MRI −16(−18mm)
A
P
Po G
L
CeS
CC
CG
ISS
CF
PrG SSS
PrG
CeS
PcA
CS
PoG
R
LVtr
+ 80
Fxcr PoS ICV SPL CNb Pv PG
LS SMG
SC LS
Msi OR Hi
STS
STG 0 MTG
ColS
CNt
MTG
Hi ITS ITS ITG ITG MOTG ColS
MOTG
PHG
PHG
SCbllA
Aq
+ 50 Aq: Aqueduct CC: Corpus callosum CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus
ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum Msi: Marginal sinus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
ION
VeA 0
PG: Pineal gland PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Po: Pons PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
111
Po
MCP
MpT
PQL - 50
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus VeA: Vertebral artery
PCA
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - Cadaver −18(−18mm)
A
+ 80
P
PoG
PoS
R
Cg
PrG
PoG
CeS
CS
PaL
SSS CF
PaL
CG
CCs
L
CeS
SMG
LVtr
PG
Fxcr
LS SC
CNt
N3N ST Hif Hi
PHG
PT STG LVi STS 0
ColS
LL
MTG
N4N
ITS PCA
OTS CbllT
ITG
LOTG
MOTG SPtS
AQL
PSF PF
SSL
MLF AQL
− 80
MCP
N7
ISL
ICP
SN5N
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fxcr: Fornix, crus HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LL: Lateral lemniscus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone
ION
Pyd
ML
0
MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N10: Vagus nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve N3N: Oculomotor nerve nucleu N4N: Trochlear nerve nucleus N7: Facial nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
112
VeA
SCP
N12
N10
HF
IJV
− 50 PF: Primary fissure PG: Pineal gland PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PSF: Posterior superior fissure PT: Planum temporale Pyd: Pyramid SC: Superior colliculus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SN5N: Spinal trigeminal nucleus
SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus VeA: Vertebral artery
LEFT
RIGHT
Hia
Coronal - MRI −18(−20mm)
A
P
PoG
CCs
L
CeS
CG
CS
ISS
PrG
SSS
CF
PrG
CeS
CS
PoG
R
PcA
+ 80
PoS
ICV
SPL
CNb
LVb Fxcr
SMG SMG SC Msi LS OR PHG
STS
MTG
CNt
0
ColS
MTG Hi
MOTG
ITS
ITS
ITG
PCA
ColS
PF
MOTG
SCbllA(1)
PQL PQL
SCbllA(2)
LS
Po
+ 50
Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fxcr: Fornix, crus HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
ICV: Internal cerebral vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus Msi: Marginal sinus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery
ION
Pyd
VeA
0
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Po: Pons PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus Pyd: Pyramid SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
113
Aq
MCP
HF - 50
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VeA: Vertebral artery
AQL
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - Cadaver −18(−18mm)
A
P
R
Cg
+ 50
CS
PaL
CF
PaL
CS
L
CG
Hic
Scc CCs
TSV
LVtr
FOF PG Fxcr
Hif
SLF CNt Pv SC
MCA
ST
Hif
Hi
Hi
RIGHT
CNt
Hia 0
0
PHG
PCA
N4
LVi
ColS
ColS OR
MOTG
N4 OTS
MOTG
AQL LOTG
LOTG
AQL
SPtS − 30
PF
MCP
N4N
+ 30
Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGS: Central gray substance CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus
Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hic: Hippocampus, commissure Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N4: Trochlear nerve N4N: Trochlear nerve nucleus
MLF
CGS
SN5N SCP
PF − 30
0
OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PG: Pineal gland PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SC: Superior colliculus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus
114
PQL
SN5N: Spinal trigeminal nucleus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus ST: Stria terminalis TSV: Thalamostriate vein
LEFT
PHG
Aq
Coronal - MRI −18(−20mm)
A
P
L
CS
CF
CG
CeS
R
CS
+ 55
PcA Cg
Fxc
CCb
ICV LVb
CPlv
Fxcr Pu
SC PHG
DG
0
Hi
Hi
PHG ColS ColS MOTG OTS CGS
MOTG PQL
SCP
+ 30
Aq: Aqueduct CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGS: Central gray substance ColS: Collateral sulcus CPlv: Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle CS: Cingulate sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus
Hi: Hippocampus ICV: Internal cerebral vein LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen SC: Superior colliculus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle
Aq
SCPd 0
SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation
115
PF
PQL - 30
- 25
LEFT
RIGHT
OR
Coronal - Cadaver −20(−20mm)
A
P
PoS
+ 80
R
CCs
PoG
CeS
CS
PaL
CF
SSS
PaL
CG
PrG
CS
L
LVtr PoG SC
Hif
CGS
SMG
LS
CNt
CNt
SMG Hia
Hi LS
Hi
TTG STG
PHG
ColS
0
ColS
MTG
N4
N4
CLw
MOTG
ITG
PF
OTS PQL SPtS
PSF
AQL
SSL
PQL
ISL
HF - 80
IJV GL
MLF
N10
N12 N5st&n
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGS: Central gray substance CLw: Central lobule, wing CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus
ION
ML
RF
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N4: Trochlear nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve N5st&n: Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
116
SCP
N11
MCP - 50
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PSF: Posterior superior fissure RF: Reticular formation SC: Superior colliculus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
LGF
LEFT
RIGHT
LVi
Coronal - MRI -20(-22mm)
A
P
PoG
CCs
L
CG CeS(2) ISS CeS(1) PrG
CF PrG CeS PoG
SSS
CS
PoS
R
CG
SPL
+ 80
ICV
Fxcr
PoS
SPL
GCV
LVb
SMG Hif CNt SMG SC Msi
LS ICol
ICol
STG
OR
0
MTG MTG PHG ColS
BV
MOTG IFG PF OTS AQL MOTG
PQL PF SCbllA
SCP
Aq
PICA
+ 50
Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fl: Flocculus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GCV: Great cerebral vein
Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbriaI Col: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LL: Lateral lemniscus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
ION
VeA 0
Msi: Marginal sinus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery
117
MLF
MCP - 50
SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus VeA: Vertebral artery
Fl
LL
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STS Hi
Coronal - Cadaver −22(−22mm)
A
P
PoS
+ 80
R
PrG
CG
CS
CeS
CF
CG
SSS
PaL
CCs
CeS
PCA
L
LL SCP
SMG(1)
LVtr SMG SMG(2) CGi
Hi
STG
LS
STS
LVi
ICol CLw
LG 0
ColS
MTG
AQL CbllT PF
OTS
ITG
SPtS SSL
OTS
MCP PQL
ISL LGF
PcF IJV HF GL - 80
Fl
N10
N11
N7m
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule
HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICol: Inferior colliculus ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LL: Lateral lemniscus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn
N12
ION
Pyd
VeA
0
LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N10: Vagus nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve N7m: Motor nucleus of facial nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus
118
PN
N12
BvL
ICP - 50
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus Pyd: Pyramid SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus VeA: Vertebral artery
N11
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS
Coronal - MRI −22(−24mm)
A
P
CCs
CS
L
PoS
MS
ISS
CeS
PrG
CF
SSS
PrG
MS
PoS
PcA
R
SPL
+ 80
GCV PoS LVb
ICV
SMG CPlv
SMG
Hi
LS
PHG
OR STS 0
MTG
ColS LG
ITS
ITS ColS ITG MOTG MOTG ICol PF
PQL PQL SCP
Fl
Aq + 50
Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus CPlv: Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle CS: Cingulate sulcus Fl: Flocculus GCV: Great cerebral vein Hi: Hippocampus ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein
ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery PF: Primary fissure
PICA
VeA 0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus VeA: Vertebral artery
119
SCP
MCP
AQL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - Cadaver −22(−22mm)
A
P
R
CG
+ 50
CS
PaL
CF
CS
L
CeS
PoG
Cg CCs
CG
FOF
GCV
SMG
LVtr
LVtr
CP CGi
CGi CNt
RIGHT
ICol
LS
N4
Hia
OR
Hi
0
0
AQL
PCA
ColS ILF PcF
N4N
CGS
ColS
PF
N4
PQL
MOTG
PSF CbllT
LL PF
SPtS - 30
SSL
NC
MCP
+ 30
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CGS: Central gray substance CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus CS: Cingulate sulcus
FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus GCV: Great cerebral vein Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICol: Inferior colliculus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus LL: Lateral lemniscus LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve
MLF
SCP
AQL
PQL
- 30
0
N4N: Trochlear nerve nucleus NC: Nucleus ceruleus OR: Optic radiation PaL: Paracentral lobule PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
120
SSL
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
PSF
LEFT
OR
Cg
Coronal - MRI −22(−24mm)
A
P
L
Scc
CG
MS
CMA
CF
MS
R
CG
+ 55
Cg
CCs Fxcr
ICV
ICV
LVtr CNt Hif CPlv Hif GCV OR
OR PHG
0
ILF
PHG ICol
ColS MOTG
ColS LG
MCP
CGS
+ 30
Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGS: Central gray substance CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CPlv: Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle DG: Dentate gyrus Fxcr: Fornix, crus
GCV: Great cerebral vein Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus LG: Lingual gyrus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus Msi: Marginal sinus OR: Optic radiation PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
Aq
SCc 0
SCc: Commissure of superior colliculus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle
121
SCP
AQL - 30
IC
- 25
LEFT
RIGHT
DG
Coronal - Cadaver −24(−24mm)
A
P
Po S
+ 80
CCs
R
PoG
CS
CG
PaL
CF
SSS
PaL
CL
PCA
CeS
L
PoG
MLF
SMG Hi LVtr SMG SMG SCP ICol
AQL
STS LG
STG STS
MTG 0
CLw
SSL
AQL
OTS ITG
MOTG
SPtS ITG HF
PF
MCP PSF ISL SSL GL HF LGF N7m - 80
ISL
GL
PbF
N6
N12
+50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
ICol: Inferior colliculus ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
VN
ION
Pyd
VeA
0
N6: Abducens nerve N7m: Motor nucleus of facial nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N12: Hypoglossal nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pyd: Pyramid
122
ICP
BvL
Fl - 50
SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
N11sr
IJV
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS
Coronal - MRI −24(−26mm)
A
P
CCs
L
PoG
PcA
MS
SSS CF PoG
ISS CeS PrG
MS
CG
PoG
R
GCV
+ 80
SPL
PoS
BV LVtr LVtr
SMG
CP
Hif
SMG DG LS
PR
ICol
ColS
MOTG0
STS MTG
ITS
LG OTS
ColS ITG
PF
AQL SSL
HF PQL PF
Fl
BvL
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus GCV: Great cerebral vein
GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICol: Inferior colliculus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus
PICA
V4
VeA
0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcA: Pericallosal artery PF: Primary fissure PF: Primary fissure PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PR: Pineal recess PrG: Precentral gyrus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus
123
SCP
CLw
GL - 50
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
MCP
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - Cadaver −26(−26mm)
A
P
PoS
+ 80
R
PCA
PoG
MS
PaL
CF
SSS
PaL
CG
ICol
PoG
PoS
L
LVtr
LVtr CLw SMG
LVi POS AQL LG STG LVi
RIGHT
0
MOTG
MTG
PSF
ColS
ITG ITG SPtS MOTG
SSL
SPS
LGF GL
CbllT
Fl
PbF
PQL - 80
MCP
IJV
SCP
ICP
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule ICol: Inferior colliculus ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein
ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure
V4
VN
Uv ION VeA
BvL
CL
- 50
0
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
124
VeA
Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
N11sr
LEFT
PF
STG
Coronal - MRI −26(−28mm)
A
P
LVtr
L
CC
Scc
ISS
PoG
CF
CeS SSS
PoG PaCG MS
Pc
R
CG
PoS
SPL
+ 80
ICV
Hif
SMG
SMG
SVV
Hi OR
LVtif
ColS STG AQL
STS
IFS
0
MTG OTS ColS
MOTG ITS PSF ITG PF
SSL
PSF HF
PQL CLw GL
Fl
BvL
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CC: Corpus callosum CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria
ICV: Internal cerebral vein IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LVtif: Lateral ventricle, toward the inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
SCP
V4
Lg
0
OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
125
BvL
GL - 50
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus SVV: Superior vermian vein V4: Fourth ventricle
MCP
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LG
Coronal - Cadaver −26(−26mm)
A
P
R
PoG
+ 50
MS
PaL
CF
PaL
MS
L
PoG
CG PoS PoS
CG
CGrs
CCs
Fmj
LVtr
LVtr
SMG CGi
PCA Hi
POS
Tp
TP
OR LG
OR
0
ILF
ILF ColS ICol
AQL
ColS
PF MOTG
AQL
CbllT PQL
PQL - 30
SSL PF
MCP
CL
+ 30
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Fmj: Forceps major Hi: Hippocampus ICol: Inferior colliculus
ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus LG: Lingual gyrus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus OR: Optic radiation PaL: Paracentral lobule PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
V4
SCP 0
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule Tp: Tapetum TP: Temporal pole V4: Fourth ventricle
126
CLw - 30
0
LEFT
RIGHT
POS
Coronal - MRI −26(−28mm)
A
P
L
MS
Pc
CF
CS
MS
R
CG
+ 55
SS
ISS
CGi
ICV LVtr
SLF BV
Tp
OR
CP
Hi
Hif
LVtr
RIGHT
Tp
CalS
OR
0
LG DG ColS CalS CbllT ColS AQL
LG
PF SVV CLw
SCP
+ 30
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus CS: Cingulate sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus Hi: Hippocampus
Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MS: Marginal sulcus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus
V4
CLw 0
SS: Straight sinus SVV: Superior vermian vein Tp: Tapetum V4: Fourth ventricle
127
MCP
PQL - 30
- 25
LEFT
Hi
Coronal - Cadaver −28(−28mm)
A
P
CGrs
+ 80
R
PoG
SPL(2)
PoS
CS
SPL(1)
CF
SSS
Cul
CeS
CGi
PoG
L
Fmj
PoS
SPL POS LVp
SMG SMG PcF POS ILF
LVi
ColS
STG
STG
MTG 0
IcF
LG
MTG
AQL
MOTG
ColS
PSF LOTG
ITG OTS
SSL
PF
SpS HF
PQL LGF
CL
SCP MCP - 80
Lg
To
VeA (1)
VN
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cul: Culmen Fmj: Forceps major GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure
IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
VeA(2) Pyd
Uv
0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pyd: Pyramid SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle
128
ICP
BvL
PbF
IJV - 50
SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SpS: Sphenoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
GL
LEFT
RIGHT
OR
Coronal - MRI −28(−30mm)
A
P
LVtr
L
SCbllV
Pc
PoG
MS SCV
SSS
CF
PoG
MS
Pc
SS
R
SPL
+ 80
PoS
Cu SMG
CP
CalS
SMG
LVp Cu CalS
OR
LG
LG
STS
MTG ColS
0
ColS ITG
MTG
PF
ITS ITG
PSF
PQL LOTG
HF MOTG HF
MCP
SCP
BvL
+ 50
BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus Cu: Cuneus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus
Lg: Lingula LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
V4
ICP 0
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SCbllV: Superior cerebellar vein SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCV: Superior cerebral vein SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus V4: Fourth ventricle
129
BvL
Fl
GL - 50
Lg
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STG
Coronal - Cadaver −30(−30mm)
A
P
Cul
+ 80
R
PoS(2)
PoS(1) SPL
ISS
SSS
CF
PcF
IcF
PoG
PoS
L
SPL
CL
POS
POS
SCP ColS
SMG
LG
PF
Lg
PQL
STG
STG
OR
0
MTG
ColS
ITG
CbllT
PSF SSL MOTG
SPtS
ITG HF OTS ISL
PSF PQL
GL DN PbF MCP - 80
IJV SigS
No
To
Nam
+ 50
BvL: Biventral lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus Cul: Culmen DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule
ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N12N: Hypoglossal nerve nucleus Nam: Nucleus ambiguus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation
N12N
MLF ICP VeA(2) 0
OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus
130
BvL
N11sr
VeA (1) - 50
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula VeA: Vertebral artery
Uv
LEFT
RIGHT
OTS MTG
Coronal - MRI −30(−32mm)
A
P
POS
L
SPL
SS
Pc MS PaCG
CF
SSS
PoG
Pc
POS
R
SPL
+ 80
Cu
LVtr
Cu
SMG
SMG
CalS
CalS LVp STG OR
LG
ColS
ColS
0
PF
MTG LG
PSF
ITS TS ITG SSL
MOTG
SigS HF
ISL ISL CL
GL
BvL
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus
LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure
SCP
V4 0
SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
131
To
Lg
CLw - 50
AQL
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STS
Coronal - Cadaver −32(−32mm)
A
P
CL
+ 80
R
POS
SPL
Cul
Pc
CF SSS
ISS
Pc
CG
PcF
SPL
L
Cu
POS Lg SMG LG
ColS
IcF
MOTG
ColS AQL
STG STG OR
MTG 0
MOTG
CbllT
OTS
LOTG
PQL ITG
OTS
SSL SPtS
PQL
HF PSF DN MCP ISL To
GL
SigS - 80
SigS
N10D
VeA
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IcF: Intraculminate fissure
ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N10D: Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root Nam: Nucleus ambiguus
Nam
Uv ICP VeA (2) N11sr 0
OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
132
BvL
VeA (1) PbF - 50
SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula VeA: Vertebral artery
LEFT
RIGHT
PF
Coronal - MRI −32(−34mm)
A
P
Cu
POS
L
SPL
Pc(2)
Pc(1)
MS
PoG
SSS
CF
MS
Pc
SS
SPL
R
CL
POS
+ 80
LVtr SMG SMG Cu CalS
CalS AG
LG
LVp CLw LG OR ColS
PF
0
ITS
MTG ITS
MOTG
ITG
ITG
PQL
LOTG TS
SSL SigS ISL
PQL
SCP GL
Flp
V4
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus Flp: Flocculus, peduncle GL: Gracile lobule ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure
BvL
No
To
0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
133
BvL
PbF
DN - 50
GL
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS
Coronal - Cadaver −33(−33mm)
A
+ 80
P
CL
POS
R
Cul
SPL
Pc
CF
SSS
ISS Pc CG
CGrs
Lg
SPL
Fmj
L
POS
Cu
CalS
SMG LG
PcF CalS
SMG
IcF ColS
AQL
STG
OR
RIGHT
MTG
MTG
0
LOTG LOTG
OTS PSF
ITG(1)
SPtS SSL
ITG(2) HF PQL ISL
PSF
GL DN DN - 80
SigS
BvL
SF
VeA
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DN: Dentate nucleus Fmj: Forceps major GL: Gracile lobule
HF: Horizontal fissure IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root Nam: Nucleus ambiguus
Nam Uv ICP To VeA(2) N11sr 0
OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
134
BvL
VeA(1) - 50
SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula VeA: Vertebral artery
PbF
SigS
LEFT
MOTG
PF
Coronal - MRI −33(−36mm)
A
P
CLw
POS
L
SPL
Pc(2)
Pc(1)
MS PoG CF
SSS MS
Pc
SPL
CL
POS
R
SMG(1)
+ 80
SMG(2) Cu
SMG
Cu CalS
LVp AG CalS LVp OR
LG
ColS ColS PF
MOTG 0
MTG PF
ITS
ITG ITG PQL PQL TS SigS SSL Lg HF GL
ISL
DN GL
SCP
BvL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus Flp: Flocculus, peduncle GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure
Flp
No 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
135
To
BvL
PbF - 50
V4
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG
Coronal - Cadaver −34(−34mm)
A
P
LG
+ 80
POS
R
Cul
Cu
GCV
CF
SSS
ISS
AQL
POS
IcF
SPL
L
SLF SMG
CL
ColS CalS
FN
NI PQL
PF
STG
STG
CbllT
MTG
PQL
LOTG
0
PSF LOTG ITG ITG
SSL SPtS
DN HF MCP
ISL
To
GL
GL
To
SigS - 80
SigS BvL
VN + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DN: Dentate nucleus FN: Fastigial nucleus GCV: Great cerebral vein GL: Gracile lobule
HF: Horizontal fissure IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus Nam: Nucleus ambiguus NI: Nucleus interpositus OR: Optic radiation
Nam
ICP 0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
136
VeA(2)
BvL
VeA(1) - 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
PbF
LEFT
RIGHT
OR
Coronal - MRI −34(−38mm)
A
P
POS
L
CL
Pc
SPL
SS
SSS
CF
SPL
Pc
POS
R
Cu
SMG
+ 80
Cul CalS SMG LG Cu OR LVp
CLw
ColS MTG MOTG
AQL
0
ITG
PF
PQL
LOTG
PSF PSF
HF
SSL
ISL
Dc
LGF
GN GL DN PbF
V4
Flp
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus Flp: Flocculus, peduncle
GL: Gracile lobule GN: Globose nucleus HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation
Val
CMC
Uv
To
137
No - 50
0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SF: Secondary fissure SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil
BvL
Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LG
Coronal - Cadaver −36(−36mm)
A
P
Cu
+ 80
R
CalS
SPL
POS
Pc
SSS VLac CF
Cul
SS
Pc
SPL
L
AQL
SMG
POS
SMG CalS
IPS PF LG LG AG
PQL
CL STG
MTG
RIGHT
MOTG
MTG
ITG(1)
CbllT
0
LOTG OTS ITG ITG(2) PSF PF SSL HF
PQL
ISL
SigS
LGF
SemL
GL - 80
DN
GL
No
VeA (1)
To
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule
HF: Horizontal fissure IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root No: Nodule OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure
VeA (2)
CMC
To
N11sr
VeA
BvL
- 50
0
Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SemL: Semilunar lobule SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
138
PbF
To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery VLac: Venous lacuna
SigS
LEFT
ColS
CbllT
Coronal - MRI −36(−40mm)
A
P
Cu
L
POS
Pc
SPL
SS
SSS
CF
Pc
SPL
POS
R
Cu
SMG
+ 80
CalS Cul
SMG
CalS OR
LVp LG
LG
OR
MOTG MOTG0 AQL ITG ITG PF
PF PSF
Dc
GN
DN
DN GL
V4
To + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule GN: Globose nucleus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SF: Secondary fissure SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil
Val
Uv 0
Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula
139
BvL
No - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LVp
Coronal - Cadaver −36(−36mm)
A
P
R
SPL
+ 50
CF
SS
VLac
L
SPL
Cu
SMG SMG POS FOF CalS Cu LG
POS CalS
Cul
0
LG
AQL
ILF ColS ColS MOTG
MOTG
PF
AQL
PQL
PSF - 30
SSL
PQL
CL
+ 30
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllC: Cerebellar commissure CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DN: Dentate nucleus EmN: Emboliform nucleus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus LG: Lingual gyrus
CbllC
No 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule VLac: Venous lacuna
140
EmN
DN
SSL
PF - 30
0
LEFT
RIGHT
OR OR
Coronal - MRI −36(−40mm)
A
P
L
Pc
SPL
CF
SPL
R
Pc
+ 55
SS POS
POS
Cu
Cu
Cul
CalS
CalS LG LG LVp ColS
LVp
OR PF ColS
0
MOTG MOTG
OTS
AQL
ITG PQL
PF PSF
PSF SSL
AQL + 30
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive EmN: Emboliform nucleus FN: Fastigial nucleus GN: Globose nucleus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn
GN
FN
EmN 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
141
Dc
PQL - 30
SSL - 25
LEFT
RIGHT
OR
Coronal - Cadaver –38(–38mm)
A
P
Cu
+ 80
R
POS
Cul
SPL
Pc
CF
SSS
SS
Pc
SPL
IcF
POS
L
Fmj
IPS
CalS SMG(1) IPS AQL LG
CalS
AG SMG(2)
ColS
LG
MOTG
PF Dc
OR MTG
LOTG 0
ILF PQL ColS
ITG OTS
MOTG
PSF
ITG
SSL HF SigS
PSF
SigS ISL DN GL – 80
BvL(1)
BvL(2) VeA(1)
VeA(2)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus Fmj: Forceps major GL: Gracile lobule
HF: Horizontal fissure IcF: Intraculminate fissure ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation OS: Occipital sinus
To
CMC
Uv
To
No
VeA
0
OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
142
BvL – 50
To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula VeA: Vertebral artery
OS
LEFT
RIGHT
PF
Coronal - MRI –38(–42mm)
A
P
CalS
L
Cu(1)
POS
Pc
CF
SS
SSS
Pc
SPL
POS
R
Cu
CalS
+ 80
SMG
Cu (2)
LG LVp
OR MOTG
OR AQL Cul
RIGHT
MTG
MTG(2) 0
PF
MOTG
ITG
OTS
PQL Dc
PSF
ITG
SSL HF
HF
ISL
GN
LGF DN
Flp GL
V4
BvL
FN
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus Flp: Flocculus, peduncle FN: Fastigial nucleus GL: Gracile lobule GN: Globose nucleus
HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus No: Nodule OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus
Uv
CMC
No
0
PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
143
BvL
PbF – 50
To
GL
– 80
LEFT
MTG(1)
Coronal - Cadaver –40(–40mm)
A
P
+ 80
CalS
R
Cu
POS
Pc
SPL
SS
CF
Pc
SPL
SS
L
POS
CalS
IPS IPS Fmj SMG
AG
ColS
Cul
MOTG
AG LG
AQL
MTG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG(1)
0
MOTG
LOTG
ITG ITG
ColS
PSF
LOTG
SSL
PF(1) SigS
HF SigS
SSL
ISL PQL – 80
LGF
GL
DN
PbF
BvL(1)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DN: Dentate nucleus Fmj: Forceps major GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure
IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
BvL(2)
To
CMC Uv 0
PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula
144
To
SF
BvL + 50
Py
PF(2)
Coronal - MRI –40(–44mm)
A
P
POS
L
SS
Pc
SPL
CF
SSS
Pc
SPL
Cu
LG
R
IPS CalS
+ 80
Cu(1) AG(1) Cu(2) AG(2)
CalS
OR
LG
MOTG
STS ColS
Cul
AQL
MTG
PF
0
MOTG ITG ITG PQL PF
PSF
PSF SSL HF Dc
HF
GL ISL
DN
BvL
Uv
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure
IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
CMC 0
PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STS: Superior temporal sulcus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula
145
To
BvL
PbF
GL – 50
LGF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG
Coronal - Cadaver –42(–42mm)
A
P
Cul
+ 80
R
POS
Cu
SPL
SSS
Pc
CF
Pc
SS
SPL
L
POS
AG IPS
Fmj
Cu
SMG
LG
CalS CalS ColS
LG
MOTG
AG MTG PF
CbllT 0
MOTG LOTG
ITG
ITG
LOG
AQL
CbllT PQL
PF
TS PSF
PSF
TS ISL
ISL LGF – 80
GL LGF
GL
PbF
BvL
Dc
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus Fmj: Forceps major
GL: Gracile lobule IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus
To CMC
Uv
0
PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Uv: Uvula
146
To
DN – 50
OS
PbF
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG
Coronal - MRI –42(–46mm)
A
P
Cu
L
POS
Pc
SS
SSS
CF
Pc
SPL
LG
R
Cu
IPS
CalS
+ 80
CalS
LG ColS OR AG AQL Cul
RIGHT
PQL
AQL 0
PF PSF PSF SSL SSL HF
HF
DN
ISL To
LGF
PbF
BvL + 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure
IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SF: Secondary fissure
Uv
CMC 0
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula
147
Dc
BvL
PbF – 50
GL
– 80
LEFT
MTG
PF
Coronal - Cadaver –44(–44mm)
A
P
CalS
+ 80
R
POS
Cu
SPL
Pc
CF
SSS
SS Pc(1)
Pc(2)
SPL(1)
L
POS Cu
Cul
SPL(2)
AG
CalS
LG
SMG
ColS PF AQL LG AG
PF
MTG
ITG
ColS
0
CbllT LOTG LOTG PQL
ITG
PSF
PQL
TS
TS PSF
SSL SemL ISL LGF
– 80
LGF ISL
GL
PbF
BvL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen GL: Gracile lobule ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis
Tu
CMC
To
Py
0
SemL: Semilunar lobule SF: Secondary fissure SLs&i: Superior and Inferior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
148
SF
BvL – 50
OS
GL
LEFT
RIGHT
MOTG
Coronal - MRI –44(–48mm)
A
P
IPS
Cu
L
POS
Pc
SPL
LG
SS
CF
SSS
Pc
SPL POS
Cu LG
R
CalS IPS
+ 80
AG
AG Cul
CalS
OR ColS
OR
MOTG MOTG MTG(1) MTG
ITG
0
PQL
ITG
TS PQL PSF PSF
HF
SSL
SSL
ISL
ISL
LGF
GL
AQL
BvL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IPS: Intraparietal sulcus
ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Superior sagittal fissure
CMC
Py
Tu 0
Py: Pyramis SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
149
Dc
BvL
PbF
PF – 50
GL
LGF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG(2) PF
Coronal - Cadaver –46(–46mm)
A
P
LG
+ 80
R
CalS
Cu
SPL
POS
SSS
CF
Pc
SS
POS
L
SPL
Cu
AG Cul ColS CalS PF MOTG
LG
0
AG
PQL
MTG
ITG
AQL
PSF
MOTG
SSL
ITG
TS
LOTG
Py
TS PQL
HF
PSF ISL SSL LGF
ISL – 80
GL PbF
BvL
To
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure
Uv
CMC
To 0
Py: Pyramis SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Uv: Uvula
150
Dc
OS
BvL – 50
LGF
LEFT
RIGHT
LOTG
Coronal - MRI –46(–50mm)
A
P
Cu
L
POS
SPL
SS
Pc
CF
SSS
Pc
POS
Cu
R
CalS
+ 80
LG LG CalS
AG
AG
OR OR
MTG
MOTG
AQL
MTG 0
ITG ITG PF TS HF HF ISL
LGF LGF Dc (1) GL
PbF
BvL
+ 50 AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus
LGF: Lunogracile fissure MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus Py: Pyramis SF: Secondary fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
CMC
Py 0
TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
151
Tu
Dc (2) – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MOTG
Coronal - Cadaver –46(–46mm)
A
+ 50
P
R
SPL
SSS
Pc(1)
CF
L
Pc (1)
Pc(2) SPL POS Pc(2) SS
POS
Cu CalS Cu CalS LG LG Cul AQL
ColS
0
PF AQL MOTG PF CbllT
OTS LOTG
LOTG OTS
PQL
PSF
PSF
PQL
– 30
CbllC + 30
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllC: Cerebellar commissure CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive LG: Lingual gyrus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus
Py 0
Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
152
Dc
SSL – 30
0
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS MOTG
Coronal - MRI –46(–50mm)
A
P
L
SS
SSS
Cu
R
CF
Pc
+ 55
Cu Cu LG
LGen CalS
CalS AG LGen
LG ColS
OR
OR Dc MOTG
AQL
0
LEFT
RIGHT
MOTG
LOTG AQL PF PF
OTS PSF
PQL PQL
CbllC + 30
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllC: Cerebellar commissure CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive LG: Lingual gyrus LGen: Line of Gennari LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation
Dc 0
OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
153
SSL – 30
+ 25
Coronal - Cadaver –48(–48mm)
A
P
CalS
+ 80
R
SPL(2)
POS
SPL(1) Cu
Pc
SSS
CF
Pc
POS
Cu
SPL(1)
L
SS
SPL(2)
AG CalS LG ColS AG
Dc
LG
MOTG ColS CbllT
0
ITG(1)
CbllT
ITG(2)
ITG
LOTG
LOTG
TS
TS
PSF
SSL
Fol
PSF
SSL PQL HF – 80
ISL
LGF
GL
PbF
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Preiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis
BvL
Uv CMC 0
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Uv: Uvula
154
Py
OS
GL
LGF – 50
ISL
LEFT
RIGHT
PF PQL
Coronal - MRI –48(–52mm)
A
P
Cu
L
SS
SPL(2) POS
SPL(1) Pc
CF
SSS
Pc SPL(1) POS
SPL(2)
R
Cu
CalS
+ 80
CalS LG AG AG OR OR LG MOTG MTG MTG
ITS ITG 0
MOTG PF ITG TS
PSF SSL
PSF HF SSL
ISL HF
LGF
GL
BvL
Tu
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus
LGF: Lunogracile fissure MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
Py
Val
Fol 0
TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber Val: Vallecula
155
Dc(2)
BvL
GL
LGF – 50
ISL
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
Dc(1)
Coronal - Cadaver –50(–50mm)
A
+ 80
P
CalS
R
Cu
POS
SPL
SSS
Pc
CF
Pc
POS
SPL(1)
L
SPL(2)
Cu
AG
SPL(3) LG SS
AG
Dc
CalS
MOTG
LG ColS
MTG
LOTG ITG(1)
0
ITG ITG(2) CbllT MOTG TS
CbllT TS
PSF
SSL SemL
PSF HF
LGF
– 80
PF
PQL
GL
PbF
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissue
BvL
Fol
CMC
Tu
0
SemL: Semilunar lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
156
PQL
OS
GL – 50
LGF
ISL
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG
Coronal - MRI –50(–54mm)
A
P
CalS
L
LGen
POS
LG
Pc
SSS
Pc
Cu
SPL POS
CalS
R
LG
OR
+ 80
MOTG
AG
AG
SS
AQL OT MTG
MTG
LOTG AQL
LOTG
PF 0
TS
ITG
PQL PF PSF PSF
SSL HF HF
ISL ISL LGF
PQL
GL
BvL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus Cu: Cuneus Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGen: Line of Gennari LGF: Lunogracile fissure
LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SPL: Superior parietal lobule
Tu
Py
Fol 0
SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
157
BvL
PbF
GL – 50
LGF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
ITG
Coronal - Cadaver –51(–51mm)
A
P
SPL(2)
+ 80
R
Cu
POS SPL(1)
Pc
SSS
CF
Pc
SPL(1)
POS SPL(2)
L
Cu SPL(3)
CalS
AG SS LG AG
ColS
CalS
ILF
LG
MTG
OR ColS MTG
LOTG
ITS
0
PF ITG ITG CbllT
MOTG CbllT
TS
TS
PSF
SSL
PQL
PSF
HF
SSL
– 80
HF
LGF GL
PbF
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure
BvL
Fol
CMC
Tu
0
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
158
Dc
OS
PQL
GL LGF – 50
ISL
LEFT
RIGHT
PF
Coronal - MRI –51(–56mm)
A
P
L
Cal S
SS
POS
LG (1)
Pc SSS
Pc
Cu
SPL POS CalS
R
LG
AG
+ 80
OR
MOTG LG(2) AG OR AQL ColS MTG
MTG
LOTG ITG
PF PF ITG
0
TS PSF
PQL PSF
SSL HF HF
ISL
ISL LGF
GL
BvL
Tu
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus
LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus
Py
CMC 0
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
159
Fol
BvL
GL
PQL – 50
LGF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
AQL
Coronal - Cadaver –52(–52mm)
A
P
SPL(2)
+ 80
R
POS SPL(1)
Pc
SSS
CF
Pc SPL(1)POS
SPL(2)
L
SPL(3)
Cu Cu
AG
AG CalS CalS
LG
SS
ColS MOTG
LG
RIGHT
MTG
ITG 0
LOTG
AQL
CbllT
PF
TS
TS
PQL
PSF SSL
SSL PQL
HF
HF – 80
ISL
LGF
GL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus
Fol
Tu 0
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
160
Dc
OS
GL LGF – 50
ISL
LEFT
ColS
MTG
Coronal - MRI –52(–58mm)
A
P
Cal S
L
Cu
POS
SPL
SSS
CF
POS
SPL
Cu
R
CalS
+ 80
AG
LG
LG
SS AG MOTG
MTG
MTG
LOTG
LOG
ITG
ITG
PQL
0
TS
SSL SSL
HF HF
ISL ISL LGF
GL + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx Cu: Cuneus Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
Fol(2)
Fol(1) 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PF: Primary ssure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
161
Tu
PF
GL
PQL – 50
LGF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MOTG
Coronal - Cadaver –54(–54mm)
A
P
R
Cu(2)
+ 80
SPL
Cu(1)
POS
SSS
Pc
Pc
SPL
L
POS
CF
AG
CalS
Cu
LG
AG
CalS ColS
SS
MOTG
RIGHT
ITG(2)
LG(2)
0
LOG
PQL
ColS
PSF
MOTG
TS SSL
TS
HF
SSL
PQL ISL
HF – 80
LGF
Fol
GL
Tu
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure
LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
CMC 0
Tu: Tuber
162
GL
OS
LGF(2)
PF – 50
LGF(1)
LEFT
LG(1)
ITG(1)
Coronal - MRI –54(–60mm)
A
P
L
POS
SPL
CF
SPL
SSS
POS
Cu
R
AG
+ 80
CalS
Cu LG CalS
SS
LG
PQL
LOG
PSF 0
TS
PSF
SSL SSL
HF ISL
ISL
LGF
GL(1)
GL(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern Cu: Cuneus Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus
Fol
CMC
Tu 0
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
163
GL(2)
GL(1) – 50
LGF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PQL
Coronal - Cadaver –56(–56mm)
A
+ 80
P
Cu(2)
R
SPL
POS
Pc
Cu(1)
SSS
CF
Pc
POS
SPL
Cu(1)
L
Cu(2)
AG AG CalS CalS LG SS
ColS
LG MOTG ColS ITG CbllT
LOG
LOG
SSL
0
TS
PQL
LGF
TS
HF PSF GL PbF
SSL
BvL HF – 80
ISL
LGF
GL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure
LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure RCpmi: Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus
RCpmi
RCpmi 0
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TM: Temporal muscle TS: Transverse sinus
164
RCpmj
OS
SCM – 50
TM
LEFT
RIGHT
CbllT
Coronal - MRI –56(–62mm)
A
P
L
Cu
POS
SPL
CF
SSS
SPL
POS
Cu
CalS
R
AG
+ 80
CalS SS
COG LG LG LOG ColS
RIGHT
TS
PSF
0
SSL SSL
PSF LGF
ISL
GL
Dc + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lungracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
Tu
CMC
Fol 0
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
165
GL – 50
LGF
– 80
LEFT
PQL
PQL
Coronal - Cadaver –58(–58mm)
A
P
Cu(2)
+ 80
R
SPL
POS
Pc
Cu(1)
SSS
CF
POS
SPL
Cu(1)
Cu(2)
L
CalS
AG AG
CalS
SS
LG(1) LG
LG(2)
ILF
0
ColS
ITG
LOG
LOG TS CbllT
SSL
HF
TS
LGF
SSL
GL
HF
– 80
OS ISL
LGF + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllF: Cerebellar falx CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus
GL
CbllF
RCpmi RCpmi 0
LGF: Lunogracile fissure TS: Transverse sinus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus Pc: Precuneus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus RCpmi: Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TM: Temporal muscle
166
RCpmj
SCM
TM – 50
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS
Coronal - MRI –58(–64mm)
A
P
SPL
L
POS
CF
SPL
SSS
POS
Cu
R
CalS
+ 80
LG(1)
Cu LOG
CalS
LG SS 0
LOG
TS
PSF HF
SSL
SSL
LGF
PQL + 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule
GL
CMC 0
SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
167
GL
LGF – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LG(2)
Coronal - Cadaver –60(–60mm)
A
+ 80
P
Cu(2)
R
AG(1)
POS
Cu(1)
SSS POS
CF
SPL
Cu
L
AG CalS
CalS
SS AG (2)
LG LG ColS
LOG(1) ColS
LOG(1)
LOG(2)
0
TS
CbllF
SSL TS
HF
SSL
ISL
HF LGF ISL GL LGF OS GL – 80
TM
SCM
RCpmj
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllF: Cerebellar falx CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus
RCPmi
RCpmi 0
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus RCpmi: Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TM: Temporal muscle TS: Transverse sinus
168
RCpmj
SCM – 50
TM
LEFT
RIGHT
LOG(2)
Coronal - MRI –60(–66mm)
A
P
SPL
L
POS
Cu (1)
SSS
CF
POS
R
Cu
Cu (2)
+ 80
CalS
CalS LOG
LOG
LG 0
SS
TS SSL SemL
HF
LGF
GL + 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus SemL: Semilunar lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule SS: Straight sinus
CMC 0
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
169
GL
LGF – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LG
Coronal - Cadaver –62(–62mm)
A
P
Cu(2)
+ 80
R
AG
Cu(1)
POS
CF
SSS
Cu(1)
Cu(2)
L
AG CalS
CalS SS LG LG ColS
LOG(1)
SSL LOG(2)
0
TS CbllT SSL TS ISL
HF
HF
ISL
LGF OS
GL TM – 80
TM
SCM
RCpmj
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus
RCpmi
RCpmi 0
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus RCpmi: Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TM: Temporal muscle TS: Transverse sinus
170
RCpmj
SCM – 50
LEFT
RIGHT
LOG
Coronal - MRI –62(–68mm)
A
P
L
CalS
Cu
SSS
CF
Cu (1)
R
Cu (2)
+ 80
CalS
LG
LG
0
LOG TS
SLs&i ISL
LGF
GL + 50
OS
CfS 0
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus SLs&i: Superior and Inferior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
171
GL
LGF – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LOG
Coronal - Cadaver –64(–64mm)
A
P
R
SPL
+ 80
CalS
SSS
Cu
Pc
Dur
L
SPL
LG
POS LOG(1)
Cu
LOG(2)
CF
0
LEFT
RIGHT
CalS
TS LG
LOG
SSL
TS
HF SSL
OS ISL – 80
TrM + 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses Cu: Cuneus Dur: Dura mater HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus Pc: Precuneus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle
SCM
CfS
SCM 0
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TrM: Trapezius muscle TS: Transverse sinus
172
TrM – 50
Coronal - MRI –64(–70mm)
A
P
LOG(1)
L
CalS
Cu
SSS
CF
Cu
R
CalS
– 80
LG
LOG(2)
LOG(1)
LG
LOG(2)
0
TS
HF
ISL SemL
LGF
GL + 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus SemL: Semilunar lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
CfS
Val
OS 0
TS: Transverse sinus Val: Vallecula
173
GL – 50
LGF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LOG(3)
Coronal - Cadaver –66(–66mm)
A
P
R
CalS
+ 80
Cu
SSS
POS
Cu
L
CalS
LG
LOG(1) LG
LOG(1) LEFT
RIGHT
LOG(2)
0
CfS
TS
OS
LOG(2)
ISL
TS
– 80
TM + 50
SCM
SCM 0
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses Cu: Cuneus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TM: Temporal muscle TS: Transverse sinus
174
TM – 50
Coronal - MRI –66(–72mm)
A
P
L
CalS
SSS
Cu
R
Cu
+ 80
CalS
LG
LOG(1)
RIGHT
LG 0
LOG(2) LOG(2)
CfS TS GL + 50
OS
GL 0
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus SSS : Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
175
– 50
– 80
LEFT
LOG(1)
Coronal - Cadaver –68(–68mm)
A
P
OuT
+ 80
R
SOG
Cu(1)
SubT
SSS
Epi
Der
SgB
L
IT
Cu(2)
Cu
LamS CalS MOG
LG
LEFT
RIGHT
LG(1)
IOG 0
LOG(1) TM LG(2) OMS
OB CfS OMS
TS LOG(2) – 80
ISL
TrM + 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses CG: Cingulate gyrus Cu: Cuneus Der: Dermis Epi: Epidermis IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule IT: Inner table LamS: Lambdoid suture LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
SCM
OB 0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus OB: Occipital bone OMS: Occipitomastoid suture OuT: Outer table SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SgB: Spongy bone SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SubT: Subcutaneous tissue TM: Temporal muscle TrM: Trapezius muscle TS: Transverse sinus
176
SCM
TrM – 50
Coronal - MRI –68(–74mm)
A
P
L
Cu
SOG
SSS
Cu
SOG
R
CalS
+ 80
MOG(1)
MOG
CalS
LG
0
IOG LG
TS IOG
GL
GL
OS + 50
– 80
CfS 0
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus OS: Occipital sinus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
177
– 50
LEFT
RIGHT
MOG(2)
Coronal - Cadaver –70(–70mm)
A
P
R
Lam
+ 80
SubT
Epi
SSu
OuT
L
SgB
Cu
IT
SOG LamS
LamS
SOG Cu SSS MOG
LEFT
RIGHT
Dur LOG 0
MOG
LG
LG
OMS
OMS IOG
– 80
TrM
SCM + 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dur: Dura mater Epi: Epidermis IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IT: Inner table Lam: Lambda LamS: Lambdoid suture LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus OB: Occipital bone OMS: Occipitomastoid suture
OB 0
OuT: Outer table SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SgB: Spongy bone SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture SubT: Subcutaneous tissue TrM: Trapezius muscle
178
LG
SCM
TrM
CalS – 50
Coronal - MRI –70(–76mm)
A
P
L
SOG
Cu
Cu
R
Cal S
+ 80
LG CalS
RIGHT
0
IOG
IOG
CfS LG
GL + 50
– 80
GL 0
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus
179
– 50
LEFT
MOG
MOG
Coronal - Cadaver –72(–72mm)
A
P
+ 80
LamS
R
OuT
Lam
SgB
L
Epi
SubF
IT Cu
CF
Dur
LOG
LEFT
RIGHT
Cu
0
MOG
SSS
CalS LG
LG
IOG OMS – 80
TrM + 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CF: Cerebral falx Cu: Cuneus Dur: Dura mater Epi: Epidermis IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IT: Inner table Lam: Lambda LamS: Lambdoid suture LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
SCM
OB 0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus OB: Occipital bone OMS: Occipitomastoid suture OuT: Outer table SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SgB: Spongy bone SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SubF: Subcutaneous fat TrM: Trapezius muscle
180
SCM
LG
OMS – 50
Coronal - MRI –72(–78mm)
A
P
L
R
Cu
Cu(1)
+ 80
CalS
0
LOG
LG CalS
LG + 50
– 80
OB 0
CalS: Calcarine sulcus Cu: Cuneus LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus OB: Occipital bone
181
– 50
LEFT
RIGHT
Cu(2)
Chapter II Sagittal Images of Cadaver and Human Brain of 7.0 T MRI In Vivo
184
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Expanded view
Expanded view
No. -60( -60mm) No. -58( -58mm) No. -56( -56mm) No. -54( -54mm) No. -52( -52mm) No. -50( -50mm) No. -48( -48mm) No. -46( -46mm) No. -44( -44mm) No. -42( -42mm) No. -40( -40mm) No. -38( -38mm) No. -36( -36mm) No. -34( -34mm) No. -32( -32mm) No. -30( -30mm) No. -28( -28mm) No. -26( -26mm) No. -24( -24mm) No. -22( -22mm) No. -20( -20mm) No. -18( -18mm) No. -16( -16mm) No. -14( -14mm) No. -12( -12mm) No. -10( -10mm) No. -8( -8mm) No. -6( -6mm) No. -4( -4mm) No. -2( -2mm) No. -0( -0mm) No. +2( +2mm) No. +4( +4mm) No. +6( +6mm) No. +8( +8mm) No.+10(+10mm) No.+12(+12mm) No.+14(+14mm) No.+16(+16mm) No.+18(+18mm) No.+20(+20mm) No.+22(+22mm) No.+24(+24mm) No.+26(+26mm) No.+28(+28mm) No.+30(+30mm) No.+32(+32mm) No.+34(+34mm) No.+36(+36mm) No.+38(+38mm) No.+40(+40mm) No.+42(+42mm) No.+44(+44mm) No.+46(+46mm) No.+48(+48mm) No.+50(+50mm) No.+52(+52mm) No.+54(+54mm) No.+56(+56mm) No.+58(+58mm) No.+60(+60mm)
Sagittal Slices of the Cadaver
185
Expanded view
Expanded view
Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view
Expanded view Expanded view
Expanded view Expanded view
Expanded view
Expanded view
No. -60( -65mm) No. -58( -63mm) No. -56( -61mm) No. -54( -59mm) No. -52( -57mm) No. -50( -55mm) No. -48( -53mm) No. -46( -49mm) No. -45( -51mm) No. -44( -47mm) No. -42( -45mm) No. -40( -43mm) No. -38( -41mm) No. -36( -39mm) No. -34( -37mm) No. -32( -35mm) No. -30( -33mm) No. -28( -31mm) No. -26( -29mm) No. -24( -27mm) No. -22( -25mm) No. -21( -23mm) No. -20( -21mm) No. -18( -19mm) No. -16( -17mm) No. -14( -15mm) No. -12( -13mm) No. -10( -11mm) No. -8( -9mm) No. -6( -7mm) No. -4( -5mm) No. -2( -3mm) No. +0( -1mm) No. +2( +1mm) No. +3( +3mm) No. +4( +5mm) No. +6( +7mm) No. +8( +9mm) No.+10(+11mm) No.+12(+13mm) No.+14(+15mm) No.+16(+17mm) No.+18(+19mm) No.+19(+21mm) No.+20(+23mm) No.+22(+25mm) No.+24(+27mm) No.+26(+29mm) No.+28(+31mm) No.+30(+33mm) No.+32(+35mm) No.+34(+37mm) No.+36(+39mm) No.+38(+41mm) No.+40(+43mm) No.+42(+45mm) No.+44(+47mm) No.+46(+49mm) No.+47(+51mm) No.+48(+53mm) No.+50(+55mm) No.+52(+57mm) No.+54(+59mm) No.+56(+61mm) No.+58(+63mm) No.+60(+65mm)
Sagittal Slices of the 7.0T MRI
Sagittal - Cadaver +60(+60mm)
R
L
R
CeS
+ 80
PoG(1)
PoG(2)
PoS
L
SMG(1)
SMG(2)
PrG
TTG LS SMG(3) PrS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGop
0
MCVs
MTG(1)
STG
STS
ITG
MTG(2)
– 80
MTG(3)
ITS
MM + 50
ArD: Articular disc CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MDcp: Mandible, condylar process MM: Masseter muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PaGl: Parotid gland PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
ArD
MDcp 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
186
STA
PaGl
TB – 50
Sagittal - MRI +60(+65mm)
L
R
L
CeS
PoG
PoS
SMG(1)
R
SMG(2)
+ 80
TTG PrG
STS(1)
0
MTG(1) STG
STS(2)
– 80
MTG(2) + 50
0
CeS: Central sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
187
– 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LS
Sagittal - Cadaver +58(+58mm)
R
L
R
PoG
CeS
+ 80
PoS
SMG(1)
TTG
L
SMG(2)
PrG
PrS SMG(3) IFGop
AG 0
MCVs STG(1)
STG(2) ITG
STS
TB
– 80
MTG
MM
ArD
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus ArD: Articular disc CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MDcp: Mandible, condylar process MM: Masseter muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PaGl: Parotid gland PoG: Postcentral gyrus
MDcp
STA 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
188
PaGl
ITS – 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LS
Sagittal - MRI +58(+63mm)
L
R
L
CeS
PoG
PoS
R
SMG(1)
+ 80
SMG(2) PrG
TTG
LS 0
MTG(1)
STG
ITS
STS(2)
MTG(2) + 50
– 80
ITG 0
Ces: Central sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
189
– 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
STS(1)
Sagittal - Cadaver +56(+56mm)
R
L
+ 80
PrG
R
CeS
PoG
PoS
PB
L
SMG(1) SMG(2)
PrS TTG
SMG(3)
IFGop AG
0
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr
LS MTG(1)
MCVs ITS(1)
STG(2)
ITG
TB
STS
– 80
MTG(2)
MM + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MM: Masseter muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PaGl: Parotid gland PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus
ITS(2)
STA 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
190
PaGl
SCM – 50
Sagittal - MRI +56(+61mm)
L
R
PrS
L
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SMG(1)
R
+ 80
SMG(2)
TTG IFGop
LS 0
STG
MTG(1)
STS(2) MTG(2) + 50
ITG 0
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
191
ITS – 50
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
STS(1)
Sagittal - Cadaver +54(+54mm)
R
L
R
CeS
+ 80
PoG
PoS
PB
SMG(1)
L
SMG(2)
TTG
PrG
SMG(3) PcS AG(1) IFGop AG(2)
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
STG(1) IFGtr 0
MTG(1)
LS
TS
MCVs
SigS
STG(2) TB
– 80
STS
MM + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MM: Masseter muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
MTG(2)
ITS 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
192
STA
ITG
SCM – 50
Sagittal - MRI +54(+59mm)
L
R
L
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SMG(1)
R
SMG(2)
+ 80
SMG(3)
TTG
IFGop
MTG(1) 0
LS
MTG(2)
STS(2)
ITG ITS + 50
MTG(3) 0
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
193
STG – 50
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
STS(1)
Sagittal - Cadaver +52(+52mm)
R
L
R
CeS
+ 80
TTG
PoG
PoS
PB
SMG(1)
L
SMG(2)
SMG(3)
PrG
PrS AG(1)
IFGop
TTG IFGtr MTG(1)
0
LS ITS(1)
MCVs TS
STG
SigS – 80
STS
MTG(2)
MTG(3)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcu LS: Lateral sulcuss MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
ITS(2)
STA 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
194
ITG
TB – 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
AG(2)
Sagittal - MRI +52(+57mm)
L
R
PrS
L
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SMG(1)
R
SMG(2)
IFGop
+ 80
SMG(3)
TTG
IFGtr
LS 0
MTG(1)
STG
MTG(2)
STS(2)
MTG(3)
ITS + 50
– 80
ITG 0
STS: Superior temporal sulcus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
195
– 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
STS(1)
Sagittal - Cadaver +50(+50mm)
R
L
R
Ces
PcG
+ 80
TTGp
PB
PoG
PoS
SMG(1)
L
SMG(2)
PcS SMG(3)
TTGa
STG(1)
IFGop AG(1) IFGtr(1)
ANTERIOR
LS 0
IFGob
MTG(1)
STG(2) TS(1)
TS(2)
STS
EV
MTG(2) IOG
– 80
ITS
ITG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus EV: Emissary vein IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery PB: Parietal bone
MxA 0
PoN: Preoccipital notch PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TS: Transverse sinus TTGa: Anterior transverse temporal gyrus TTGp: Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
196
TB
PoN – 50
SigS
POSTERIOR
AG(2)
IFGtr(2)
Sagittal - MRI +50(+55mm)
L
R
L
PrS
Ces
PrG
PoG
PoS
R
SMG(1)
+ 80
SMG(2)
IFGtr TTG
IFGop
LS
AG
STG
0
MTG(1)
SigS STS(2)
MTG(2)
ITS + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus
ITG(2) 0
SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
197
ITG(1) – 50
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
STS(1)
Sagittal - Cadaver +48(+48mm)
R
L
PrS(2)
+ 80
R
PrS(1)
PrG
CeS
PB
PoG
PoS
L
SMG(1)
SMG(2) IFS TTGp MFG(1)
IFGop AG(1) MFG(2) AG(2)
TTGa 0
IFGtr(2) PoN
IFGob
TS
LS
SPtS
STS(1) EV
– 80
STS(2)
ITG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus EV: Emissary vein IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery PB: Parietal bone
STG 0
PoN: Preoccipital notch PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTGa: Anterior transverse temporal gyrus TTGp: Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
198
MxA
MTG
SigS – 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr(1)
Sagittal - MRI +48(+53mm)
L
R
L
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
IPS
R
SMG(1)
+ 80
IFGop
SMG(2)
SMG(3)
IFGtr
STS(1)
AG
MTG(1) 0
LS ITS
STG
ITG(1)
STS(2) MTG(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
ITG(2)
TTG(1) 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
199
TTG(2)
SSL – 50
TS
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGob
Sagittal - Cadaver +47(+47mm)
R
L
PrS(2)
+ 80
R
PrS(1)
PrG
CeS
PB
PoG
PoS
L
SMG(1)
IFS SMG(2)
MFG(1) TTGp IFGop AG(1) AMFG(2))
ANTERIOR
TTGa 0
IFGtr(2)
IFGob
TS
PoN
LS
SPtS STG
EV
– 80
STS(1)
STS(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus EV: Emissary vein IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery
ITG
MxA 0
PB: Parietal bone TTGp: Posterior transverse temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTGa: Anterior transverse temporal gyrus
200
ILF
MTG – 50
SigS
POSTERIOR
AG(2)
IFGtr(1)
Sagittal - MRI +47(+51mm)
L
R
L
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
IPS
R
SMG(1)
+ 80
SMG(2) PrS
SMG(3)
IFGop STS(1)
ANTERIOR
MTG(1) 0
IFGob
ITS
LS ITG(1)
TS STG
STS(2)
MTG(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcusIF Gob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
TTG(1)
ITG(2) 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
201
TTG(2) – 50
SSL
– 80
POSTERIOR
AG
IFGtr
Sagittal - Cadaver +46(+46mm)
R
L
TTGa
+ 80
R
PrS
PrG
CeS
PB
PoG
PoS
SMG(1)
L
SMG(2) SMG(3)
IFS(1)
TTGP
MFG(1)
AG(1)
IFS(2)
AG(2)
IFGop
AG(3)
LOG(1) 0
IFGtr
LOG(2)
LS
TS
IFGob
PoN
STG ITG(1)
– 80
STS(1)
STS(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery
PB: Parietal bone PoN: Preoccipital notch PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus
ITG(2)
MxA
ILF
0
TTGa: Anterior transverse temporal gyrus TTGp: Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
202
MTG
SigS – 50
SPtS
SSL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MFG(2)
Sagittal - MRI +46(+49mm)
L
R
MFG
L
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
R
IPS
+ 80
SMG
IFS
TTGp
IFGop
AG(1)
IFGtr
IFGob 0
LOG
LS PoN
STG
TS
STS
ITG(1)
MTG
ITS + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus
ITG(2)
TTGa 0
TTGa: Anterior transverse temporal gyrus TTGp: Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
203
ISL – 50
SSL
HF
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
AG(2)
Sagittal - Cadaver +44(+44mm)
R
+ 80
L
R
PrS
MFG
PrG
CeS
PB
PoG
PoS
L
TTGa SMG
IFS
TTGp
IFGop AG
STG
INsg
ANTERIOR
ILF 0
LS
MTG(1) TS(1)
IFGob OB PoN MCA(1)
LRM
TS(2)
MCA(2)
– 80
SSL
STG
STS
MTG(2)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus ColS: Collateral sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INsg: Insula, short gyrus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle
LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery N7: Facial nerve OB: Occipital bone PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
ITS
ITG
ColS
MxA
0
SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTGa: Anterior transverse temporal gyrus TTGp: Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
204
N7
SigS – 50
SPtS
POSTERIOR
LOG IFGtr
Sagittal - MRI +44(+47mm)
L
R
L
MFG
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
R
IPS
+ 80
IN(1) IFS AG(1)
IFGop
IN(2)
AG(2) IFGtr
LOG 0
IFGob
PoN LS TS
STG SSL
HF STS MTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
ITG
TTG(1) 0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
205
TTG(2) – 50
ISL
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
AG(3)
Sagittal - Cadaver +42(+42mm)
R
L
R
INlg
+ 80
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
L
TTGa
SMG(1)
IFS
IFGop
TTGp
CeSIN
SMG(2)
MFG(2) AG INsg LOG
LS 0
ILF
MCA(1)
TS(1)
IFGob TS(2) MCA(2) PSF LRM PQL IOM SSL
STG SPtS – 80
STS
MTG
ITS
MOTG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOM: Inferior oblique muscle ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
LRM: Lateral rectus muscle LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MPM: Medial pterygoid muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery N7: Facial nerve OCS: Obliquus capitis superioris muscle PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
MPM
MxA 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fi ssure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTGa: Anterior transverse temporal gyrus TTGp: Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
206
N7
OCS – 50
SigS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr
Sagittal - MRI +42(+45mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
R
IPS
+ 80
AG(1)
IFGop
TTG(1) AG(2) MFG(2)
TTG(2)
AG(3)
LOG 0
IFGob
TS LS
SSL
STG
HF STS
MTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus
ITS
MOTG 0
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
207
INsg
INlg
CeSIN – 50
ISL
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr
Sagittal - Cadaver +40(+40mm)
R
L
+ 80
MFG
R
PrG
PrS
CeS
PB
PoG
L
PoS
INlg SMG
IFGop
AG
TTG CeSIN
SOG INsg MOG
IOG 0
MCA(1) TS(1) TS(2)
IFGob
PQL LS PSF LRM
SSL
IOM
HF
MCA(2)
– 80
ISL
STG
STS
MTG
ITS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula HF: Horizontal fi ssure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IOM: Inferior oblique muscle ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule
ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery N7: Facial nerve OCS: Obliquus capitis superioris muscle PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus
MOTG
MxA ILF 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fi ssure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus
208
N7
SPtS
SigS – 50
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
OCS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr
Sagittal - MRI +40(+43mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
R
SPL
+ 80
IPS
AG(1)
TTG
AG(2) MFG(2) TTG
ANTERIOR
INlg CeSIN LOG
0
IFGtr TS IFGob
SPtS
SSL LS
HF
ISL STG
MTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fi ssure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fi ssure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus
MOTG
GL 0
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
209
– 50
LGF
– 80
POSTERIOR
AG(3)
INsg
Sagittal - Cadaver +38(+38mm)
R
L
MFG
+ 80
R
IFS(1)
PrS
PrG
PB
CeS
PoG
PoS
L
SMG TTG
SFG
AG(1)
SFS
AG(2) IFGop IFS(2) SOG
IFGtr(1)
ILF(1)
MOG
INsg 0
IOG
IFGtr(2)
PoN
MCA
TS LPS Star
PSF
IFGob
SSL
HF IOM ISL LRM
SPtS – 80
LS
STG
CeSIN
INlg
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula FB: Frontal bone HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus
IOM: Inferior oblique muscle ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LPS: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle LRM: Lateral rectus muscle LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MPM: Medial pterygoid muscle MxA: Maxillary artery OCS: Obliquus capitis superioris muscle
ILF(2)
MPM MxA MOTG 0
PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus
210
LVi
OCS – 50
SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus Star: Superior tarsus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
SigS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
FB
Sagittal - MRI +38(+41mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
R
SPL
IPS
+ 80
MFG(2) AG(1)
TTG AG(2)
AG(3)
SOG
INsg
MOG 0
IFGtr CeSIN
TS IFGob SPtS LS SSL
HF STG
ISL MCA
MTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
MOTG
GL 0
STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
211
LGF – 50
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INlg
Sagittal - Cadaver +36(+36mm)
R
L
+ 80
IFS
R
INIg
PrS
PrG
CeS
SPL
PoG
IPS
L
AG(1)
SFG(1)
TTG
MFG
AG(2)
AG(3) SFS
LVi
SFG(2)
SOG
CeSIN
OR MOG
INsg 0
IOG IFGob(2)
PoN TS
ObG
PSF
MCA(1)
SSL MCA(2) HF
STG ISL ILF – 80
CNt
MTG
ColS
MOTG LPM
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus
IIPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LPM: Lateral pterygoid muslce LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery N7: Facial nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus
MxA
Hi
0
OR: Optic radiation PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
212
N7
SpS
SigS – 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
LGF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGob(1)
Sagittal - MRI +36(+39mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
R
IPS
SPL(2)
+ 80
AG(1) TTG
AG(2)
CeSIN
MFG(2) AG(3)
INlg
INsg MOG
0
IFGtr SPtS TS
IFGob
PSF
LS
PQL
SSL MCA HF
STG
MTG
ITG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure
LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PF: Primary fissure PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
MOTG
LVi 0
PSF: Posterior superior fissure SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
213
GL – 50
PF
LGF
ISL
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SOG
Sagittal - Cadaver +34(+34mm)
R
L
SFG
+ 80
R
INIg
PrS
TTG
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
L
IPS AG(1) AR
SFS
AG(2) CeSIN AG(3) CirS
SOG(1) CNt SOG(2)
Cl INsg
OR 0
EmC
MOG
LOG
IOG
MCA
PoN TS PSF
LS
SSL Amg HF
ISL
STG
LGF – 80
MTG
Hi
ColS
MOTG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AR: Auditory radiation CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
IJV: Internal jugular vein INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
N8
N7
0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve OR: Optic radiation PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus
214
IJV
SPtS
SigS – 50
SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
PQL
GL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LVi
Sagittal - MRI +34(+37mm)
L
R
TTG
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
IPS
R
AG(1)
+ 80
AG(2) MFG(2) AG(3) INlg AG(4) INsg(1)
ANTERIOR
INsg(2)
MOG 0
IOG
CeSIN
SPtS TS IFGob PSF PQL MCA
SSL
HF STG
ILF
PHG
LVi
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus
IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus
ColS(1)
CNt 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
215
MOTG
ColS(2)
BvL – 50
AQL
GL
LGF
– 80
POSTERIOR
SOG
Sagittal - Cadaver +32(+32mm)
R
L
CeSIN
+ 80
R
SLF
MFG(1)
FOF
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoS
PoG
L
SPL(1) SPL(2)
MFG(2)
IPS IFS(1) Pu AG OR(1)
MFG(3) Cl
SOG
SFS(2)
LVi
ANTERIOR
ILF CNt
MOG
0
LObG IOG Amg TS MCA PSF LS
SSL
Ey PQL HF STG
– 80
Hi
ISL
Cg
LGF
PHG
MOTG
N8
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail EmC: Extreme capsule Ey: Eyeball FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
ICA: Internal carotid artery IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IJV: Internal jugular vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
ICA
N7
SPtS
0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve OR: Optic radiation PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure
216
IJV
VeA
SigS – 50
Pu: Putamen SigS: Sigmoid sinus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus VeA: Vertebral artery
GL
PF
POSTERIOR
OR(2)
EmC
Sagittal - MRI +32(+35mm)
L
R
L
MFG
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
R
SPL(1)
SPL(2)
+ 80
TTG
SPL(3) INlg(1)
LOG CeSIN
INlg(2)
SOG
INsg(1)
MOG
IOG
0
INsg(2) SPtS TS CeSIN
PF PSF PQL
MCA SSL
LS HF
STG
PHG + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula ColS: Collateral sulcus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
ColS
MOTG 0
PSF: Posterior superior fissure SSL: Superior semilunar lobule SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
217
AR
BvL – 50
AQL
GL
LGF
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
OR
Sagittal - Cadaver +30(+30mm)
R
L
+ 80
MFG(3)
R
MFG(2)
MFG(1)
SCV
PrS
PrG
CeS PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
L
SPL(2)
IPS
SFS LVtr MFG(4) AG
ANTERIOR
0
IN
CalA
EC
DG MOG
EmC
ColS ObG PSF AC TS MCA SSL LS PF ON ISL STG AQL Cl – 80
Amg
MTG
Hia
Cg
Hi
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalA: Calcar avis CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule
Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein IN: Insula IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
ICA
SPtS 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFS: Superior frontal sulcus
218
IJV
VeA
SigS – 50
SigS: Sigmoid sinus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus VeA: Vertebral artery
MOTG
GL
POSTERIOR
Hif
Pu
Sagittal - MRI +30(+33mm)
L
R
INlg(2)
L
INlg(1)
PrS
TTG
CeS
PoG PoS
SPL(1)
SPL(2)
R
CNt
+ 80
SPL(3)
MeFG
OR INsg(1) SOG CirS MOG
IOG Pu
0
SPtS EC TS PSF
Cl
SSL HF
MCA
ISL LS
PQL
LGF Hi
ColS
PHG
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus EC: External capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus
INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MeFG: Medial frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
ILF 0
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
219
MOTG
BvL
AQL – 50
GL
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INsg(2)
Sagittal - Cadaver +30(+30mm)
R
L
R
AC
+ 30
OR
Pu
INlg
L
AR
CNt
EC LVtr CP ChF Cl(1)
Hif ILF CirS 0
DG Cl(2) LOTG ObG MOTG MCA PQL Amg
PF PSF
Hia
SSL STG AQL LVi
LGF SPtS
Hi
GL – 50
MTG
PHG + 30
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation AuT: Auditory tube ChF: Choroid fissure CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule
AuT
ColS
ICA
IJV
N8
0
EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOTG: Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus OR: Optic radiation PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
220
N7 – 30
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
EmC
Sagittal - MRI +30(+33mm)
L
R
L
INsg
IN l g
CeSIN
TTG
R
AR
+ 28
CirS
CNt
Pu
INsg DG 0
Hi Cl(1) ColS EmC
EC
ILF
MCA AQL Cl(2)
PQL
Amg STG ISL LVi
GL ColS
PHG
+ 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule Hi: Hippocampus
MOTG 0
– 40
ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen STG: Superior temporal gyrus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
221
– 52
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
OR
Sagittal - Cadaver +28(+28mm)
R
L
AR
+ 80
R
MFG(2)
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
L
CNt
RetN
SPL(2)
Pu
ANTERIOR
AC
SOG
EC
CalA
Cl
MOG
CirS DG
MFG(3) 0
IOG
EmC
PHG
ObG
PSF MCA SSL LS HF ON ColS Amg LGF GL
TP
– 80
Hi
Cg
SPtS
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation BvL: Biventral lobule CalA: Calcar avis CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
ICA(1)
ICA(2) 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen RetN: Reticular nucleus
222
MOTG
SigS
BvL – 50
SigS: Sigmoid sinus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TP: Temporal pole
PbF
AQL
POSTERIOR
LVtr
OR
Sagittal - MRI +28(+31mm)
L
R
L
Pu
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS SPL(1) SPL(2)
R
AR CNt
+ 80
SPL(3) EC
SPL(4)
MFG
SOG
LVtr
CirS
Cl
MOG 0
IOG OR(2)
EmC
TS
PSF MCA ISL
LS
PF
Hi
PHG
MOTG
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule Hi: Hippocampus
IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
ColS 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule TS: Transverse sinus
223
DG
BvL
AQL
PbF – 50
GL
LGF
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
OR(1)
Sagittal - Cadaver +26(+26mm)
R
L
MFG(2)
+ 80
DG
R
AR
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
SCV
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
L
LVtr
ICsl
SPL Pu CNt MFG(3) SOG GPe Hif OR MOG
EmC Cl
IOG
0
EC ObG
PSF
AC
TS
LS PQL ON
SSL
Amg ISL
STG LGF Hi – 80
PHG
ColS
MOTG
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation CeS: Central sulcus Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment Hi: Hippocampus
Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICsl: Internal capsule, sublenticular IJV: Internal jugular vein IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N11: Accessory nerve
N7
N8
IPtS 0
N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OR: Optic radiation PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure
224
N11
IJV
SigS AQL – 50
Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SigS: Sigmoid sinus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus
PF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MFG(4)
Sagittal - MRI +26(+29mm)
L
R
MFG(2)
L
AR
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
R
CP
SPL(2)
+ 80
OR POS Pu
GPe
LVtr
SOG
CirS
Hif MOG 0
EC IOG Cl
TS PSF SSL
MCA
HF LS ISL LVi LGF
Hia
DG
PHG
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment HF: Horizontal fissure
Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
MOTG
ColS 0
OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
225
BvL
PbF
AQL – 50
SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
GL SPtS
PF
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INsg
Sagittal - Cadaver +24(+24mm)
R
L
ICp
+ 80
R
CNt
SFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
L
SPL(1)
LVtr
Pv SPL(2) SFG(2)
Hif
Pu GPe
SOG CalS
GPi LGN ANTERIOR
MOG EC 0
OR
EmC ColS ObG
LG TS
AC
SSL
Amg
HF
LS
PQL
ON
AQL
Hi GL Cl PbF
– 80
PHG
MOTG N7
N8
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fl: Flocculus
GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone
IPtS
ICA
N12 N10 N9
0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
226
N11
SigS – 50
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
Fl
BvLl
POSTERIOR
DG
Sagittal - MRI +24(+27mm)
L
R
L
MFG
CP
PrS
CeS PoG
PrG
PoS
SPL(1)
LVtr
R
SPL(2)
+ 80
LG Hia
CalS GPe OR
SOG Pu MOG
ANTERIOR
IOG 0
CirS
PF TS
Cl AQL EmC
SSL HF
GPi ISL
MCA LGF
LS
Amg
Hi
OR
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CLw: Central lobule, wing CP: Choroid plexus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
DG
PHG 0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PaCG: Paracingulate gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus
227
CLw
BvL
PbF – 50
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
SPtS
GL – 80
POSTERIOR
MOTG
EC
Sagittal - Cadaver +22(+22mm)
R
+ 80
L
R
CR M FG (1)
PrS
PrG (2)
SC V
PrG (1) CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
L
SPL(2)
Pv
LVtr ICp
GPe SOG Hif
GPi
Pu
CalS
MFG(2)
ANTERIOR
IOG
LGN 0
LG
AC ObG
TS PSF
OT
PQL
Amg
HF ON ISL
LS
LGF Hi
GL
PbF
ColS - 80
PHG
CLw
N7
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CR: Corona radiata DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus
N8
IPtS
N12
0
LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure PcF: Preculminate fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
228
N9
N11
Fl
BvLm IbF - 50
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule TS: Transverse sinus
PcF
POSTERIOR
DG GPll
Sagittal - MRI −22(−25mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG PoS SPL(1)
SPL(2)
R
SPL(3)
POS
+ 80
LVtr
MFG(2)
SOG
CNt
CalS Pv MOG LG
GPe
IOG
0
TS GPi
PSF SSL
Hif HF
ISL
MCA
PF Amg
Hi
DG
PHG
+ 50 Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail DG: Dentate gyrus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch
PoN
CLw 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
229
AQL
BvLl
PbF - 50
GL
LGF
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Pu
Sagittal - Cadaver +20(+20mm)
R
L
R
ICa
+ 80
CNb
SFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
L
LVi ICp
SPL(2) GPe
GPll
POS Pv
Pu MOG(1) CNh
0
Cg
GPi AC
PF
LGN
PQL
ObG
SSL
MCA
ISL AQL
ON
GL Amg MOTG Hi - 80
PHG
SPtS
ICA
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
ColS
N7 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
230
IPtS
CLw
Fl
BvLm PcF - 50
Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
BvLl
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MOG(2) SFG(2)
Sagittal - MRI +20(+23mm)
L
R
LVtr
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
SPL(2)
R
SPL(3)
Cu
MFG(2)
+ 80
POS
Hif
SOG
ICp CalS
Pu
LG
ANTERIOR
PF 0
GPml IOG TS
GPe
PSF GPll
PQL HF
GPi
ISL
LGF MCA
Amg
Hi
Pv
DG
+ 50 Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
PHG
CLw
Fl
BvL
- 50
0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus
231
PbF
SPL: Superior parietal lobule TS: Transverse sinus
GL
AQL
- 80
POSTERIOR
MOG
CNh
Sagittal - Cadaver +20(+20mm)
R
L
GPm l
+ 30
R
ICp
GPi
ICp
CN b
L
LVt r
LP CP
CCs
GPll
Hif CNh Pv
LGN 0
Cg
GPe
LG AC ColS OT
PF AQL
MCA PQL PcF
ON
MOG LS CLw Amg MCP
N8 Hi BvLl - 50
Ent
PHG
SPtS
ICA
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus Ent: Entorhinal cortex
N7
IPtS
N12
N10
N11 - 30
0
Fl: Flocculus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus
LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOG: Middle occipital gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract
232
Fl
PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
BvLm
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Pu
Sagittal - MRI +20(+23mm)
L
R
L
GPl l
ICp
CN b
R
ILF
LVt r
+ 28
Pv
CNh
Cu Pu
LGen
GPe
0
LG DG
GPi
PoN OR
AQL PF
LGN
PQL
MCA
Amg MCP LS
PbF Hi
Ent + 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Ent: Entorhinal cortex Fl: Flocculus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina
PHG
PPC
- 52
BvL - 40
0
Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus LG: Lingual gyrus LGen: Line of Gennari LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure
Fl
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PPC: Prepontine cistern PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
233
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CalS
Sagittal - Cadaver +19(+19mm)
R
L
LVt r
+ 80
R
MFG
PrS
SCV
CeS
Pr G
PoG
PoS
SPL
L
SPL
POS
Hif SPL CNb
ICa
CalS
ICp
SOG MOG
ANTERIOR
Pu
LG
SFG IOG
0
GPe
PF
GPi
PQL
AC
TS
ObG OT
SSL HF
MCA ISL ON Amg LGF PHG GL - 80
MOTG
ICA
CLw
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery
IPtS
Fl
0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
234
AQL
BvLm
IbF - 50
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
BvLl
PbF
POSTERIOR
CNh
Sagittal - MRI +19(+21mm)
L
R
LVtr
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS SPL(1)
SPL(2)
R
SPL(3)
POS
+ 80
SOG
MFG(2)
Hif
Cu CalS
GPe LG
ANTERIOR
PF
Pu
IOG
0
TS
ICp
PSF GPi
HF ISL
Pv PQL
MCA
LGF
Amg
Hi
DG
+ 50 Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus N5: Trigeminal nerve
N5
PHG
CLw
Fl
BvL
- 50
0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus
235
PbF
SPL: Superior parietal lobule TS: Transverse sinus
GL
AQL
- 80
POSTERIOR
MOG
CNh
Sagittal - Cadaver +18(+18mm)
R
L
LP
+ 80
R
Pv
SFG(1)
SCV
PrG CeS PoG
PrS
PoS
SPL
L
LVb POS
CNb SPL ICp
GPll Cu
Cg
GPe
SOG GPi LG SFG(2) Pu 0
PcF PF
AC OT
PQL
ObG
PSF
Amg Hi
AQL
ON
ISL
N3
CLw LGF
N6 OptN
PbF
PHG BvL - 80
SptS
ColS
N5
N7
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body N3: Oculomotor nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve
N8
IPtS
N9
0
N6: Abducens nerve N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure PcF: Preculminate fissure
236
N12
N10
N11
BvLm
IbF
- 50 PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CNh
Sagittal - MRI +18(+19mm)
L
R
LVb
L
SFG
PrS
PrG
PrG
CeS
PoG MS
Pc
Pc
Fxcr
R
Pc
CCs
+ 80
LP SOG SFG Cu CNb
PHG CalS
Pv LG
ANTERIOR
MOG
CNh
PF IOG
GPll
0
PQL
Pu
TS PSF GPe HF SSL
GPml
ISL GPi LGF
MCA
ICp
VP
Amg
BV
+ 50 Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus
GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus
Msi
N5 0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus Msi: Marginal sinus N5: Trigeminal nerve PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
237
MCP
BvL
PbF - 50
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
DN
GL
AQL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ColS
ICa
Sagittal - Cadaver +16(+16mm)
R
+ 80
L
R
Pv
SFG
PrS
PrG CeS PoG
PoS
SPL
L
LVtr
CNb
SPL
ICp
POS
CalS
LVa
MOG
GPll
LG
0
IOG Pu PF TS
AC ObG
SSL
OT HF ON ISL Amg GL N3
- 80
Hi OptN
PHG
SPtS
N5
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina
HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOG: Middle occipital gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve
CLw
IPtS 0
ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OT: Optic tract PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen
238
MCP
PcF
Fl
SF - 50
Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
BvL
AQL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Cu CNh
Sagittal - MRI +16(+17mm)
L
R
L
LVb
SFG
PrS
PrG CeS
PrG
PoG Fxcr MS
CCs
Pc
R
Pc DG
SFG
LP
POS
CNb
GPll
CalS
ICa
MOG PHG
CNh
LG 0
GPe
IOG
GPml
TS
Pu
PSF
AC
SSL PQL
ISL GPi LGF MCA
VP
Amg
Msi
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus
Fxcr: Fornix, crus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
BV
MCP 0
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOG: Middle occipital gyrus Msi: Marginal sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure
239
Fl
CLw
BvL - 50
Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PbF
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Cu SOG
Sagittal - Cadaver +16(+16mm)
R
L
R
CNb
+ 30
SZ
CCb
LP
LVtr
ICp
L
Pv
CCs
GPml Fxb GPe
VP
ANTERIOR
0
CNh
LG
GPi
Cg MGN
Pu
CrC MOTG
AC
PF
MObG
IcF OT PHG AQL
Amg
CLw ON MCP N3 N8
LVi
Fl Hi
BvL IbF
N4
BvLm
OptN - 50
SPtS
ICA
N5
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri Fl: Flocculus
N7
IPtS
N9
N12
N10
LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve N10: Vagus nerve
240
To
- 30
0
Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn
N11
N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OT: Optic tract PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SF: Secondary fissure SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SZ: Stratum zonale To: Tonsil
VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
POSTERIOR
ICp
LVa
Sagittal - MRI +16(+17mm)
L
R
L
CNb
LP
R
LVt r
Fxcr
+ 28
CCs ICg Cu VP
GPll
Pv CalS LG
ICa
0
PHG Pu BV GPe
AQL CLw PF
GPml
PQL
GPi DN MCA
MCP
ICg Fl
PHG + 30 AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus Fl: Flocculus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
- 40
0
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
BvL - 52
PPC
PPC: Prepontine cistern PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
241
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CNh
Sagittal - Cadaver +14(+14mm)
R
L
VP
+ 80
R
TSV
SFG
CS
PrG
PrS
CeS PoG
LVb
CM
L
Pc Fxcr
CNb
CCs
ICp Pv MGN GPe LG CalS
CNh
MOTG LVa
ANTERIOR
0
MOG
SFG
PcF
GPi
IOG PQL
AC
AQL
Pu SSL ObG
HF
OT
ISL PSF DN
ON
LGF GL
Amg
PbF
N3 - 80
Hi
CrC
CavS
N6
PHG
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CavS: Cavernous sinus CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head
CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DN: Dentate nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus
N4
IPtS
MCP
0
ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve
242
N10
N9
N11
To
CLw
BvL
- 50 N10: Vagus nerve N11: Accessory nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fi ssure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule To: Tonsil TSV: Thalamostriate vein VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
POSTERIOR
PF GPml
Sagittal - MRI +14(+15mm)
L
R
LVb
L
SFG
CS
PrS
PrG CeS
PrG
CCb
MS
Pv
CM
R
CCs Pc
+ 80
LP POS CNb PHG
SFG
SOG VL Cu VP CalS MOG LG GPe ColS 0 CNh
IOG
Pu
PF TS PSF
ICg SSL HF
AC
ISL GPi PQL
MCA
Amg
PCA
Msi
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexu
CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure
SCbllA
BV 0
LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus Msi: Marginal sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus
243
MCP
CP
BvL
PbF - 50
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
DN
GL
LGF– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
ICa
Sagittal - Cadaver +12(+12mm)
R
L
CG
+ 80
R
SZ
LP
MFG
CM
Pv
CeS
PHG
SPS
Pc
L
Pc
POS CNb
CS Cu VL
IcF
ICa LG MFG LVa Cul 0
CNh Dc AC
PSF
NA
Cula Fol
OT SG Amg
Fol Tu PPF
ON
Py
N3 - 80
CavS
CrC
MGN
PN
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CavS: Cavernous sinus CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen
Cula: Culmen, anterior Dc: Declive Fol: Folium ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IPF: Interpeduncular fossa IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
IPtS
CL 0
N3: Oculomotor nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract Pc: Precuneus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PrG: Precentral gyrus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis
244
MCP
ICP
To
PcF - 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SZ: Stratum zonale To: Tonsil Tu: Tuber VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
Py
IPF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SOG
Sagittal - MRI +12(+13mm)
L
R
CS
L
SFG
LVb
PrS
PrG
PrG CeS PoG
MS
Pc(1)
R
Pc(2)
PHG
+ 80
CCb POS
CG SFG Cu LP CalS CNb
LG MOG
PF CNh IOG 0 GPe
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
VL
PSF TS
AC
PQL SSL HF
NA
ISL
GPi
LGF
GL STN
SN
PCA
CrC
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus
Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus
Pv
BV 0
NA: Nucleus accumbens PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
245
Fl
DN
BvL – 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
PbF
To
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver +12(+12mm)
R
L
R
VL
+ 30
TSV
LVb
CCb
SZ
LPN
VP
L
SPS
ICg
CCs
Pv Hif
ICa
CM Cu
GPe
Hi LG
ANTERIOR
AC
STN
CCg 0
ML GPi
PHG MGN
CCr
MOTG PF
NA
Cul
LF
IcF
SG
PcF CL
OT
N4 ON DN MCA
MCP
Amg PN N3 ICP Hi To – 50
CrC
ICA
N6
SN
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen
N4
TPF
N12
N9
0
DN: Dentate nucleus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle LF: Lenticular fasciculus LG: Lingual gyrus LPN: Lateral preoptic nucleus
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve N10: Vagus nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens
246
N10
BvLm
+ 30
ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus STN: Subthalamic nucleus SZ: Stratum zonale
To: Tonsil TPF: Transverse pontine fibers TSV: Thalamostriate vein VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
POSTERIOR
POS
CNh
Sagittal - MRI +12(+13mm)
L
R
VL
L
VPL
TSV
CCb
LVb
R
CG LP
+ 28
Fxcr
ICg CCs
Pv
CM 0
GPe STN
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CNh
BV
AC
Cul PF Dc SN GPi QC CrC
MCP V4
BP
OT
PCA + 30
AC: Anterior commissure BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive Fxcr: Fornix, crus
PPC 0
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ICg: Internal capsule, genu LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle OT: Optic tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PPC: Prepontine cistern Pv: Pulvinar nucleus QC: Quadrigeminal cistern SN: Substantia nigra
BvL – 40
STN: Subthalamic nucleus TSV: Thalamostriate vein V4: Fourth ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VPL: Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
247
– 52
Sagittal - Cadaver +10(+10mm)
R
+ 80
L
SFG
R
LVb
DM
LP
PaL
CeS
PaL
MS
L
Pc Fxcr
VL SppS MGN
CS
POS ICg Cu LG
CG
Cula
LVa VP
IcF
0
GPi
IOG Culp
STN
PF PSF
OT
HF Fol
SG
CL
ON
Tu DN
Amg
LGF Py(1)
SN Py(2) – 80
N3
Hi
CrC
N6
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cula: Culmen, anterior Culp: Culmen, posterior DN: Dentate nucleus Fol: Folium Fxcr: Fornix, crus
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICg: Internal capsule, genu IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus
IPtS
PN
N4
0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus
248
N12
SCP N11
BvLm – 50
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SppS: Sphenoparietal sinus STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil Tu: Tuber VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
To
MCP
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MOG
Sagittal - MRI +10(+11mm)
L
R
SFG(2)
L
LV b
Pv
SFG(1)
PrS
PrG CeS
PrG
MS
SPL
CCs
R
SPL
GCV
+ 80
POS
DM
CalS CS LG SFG(3)
SOG PF
LP PSF
Dc CNh IOG CM
0
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
VL
TS
GPe
PSF
ICg HF AC Fol GPi Tu NA
Cul
STN
LGF Py SN
PCA
CrC
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus Cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
Fol: Folium GCV: Great cerebral vein GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure ICg: Internal capsule, genu IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MS: Marginal sulcus NA: Nucleus accumbens
SCbllA
PN
VeA
CL
BvL
0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
249
– 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule STN: Subthalamic nucleus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
PbF
V4
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver +8(+8mm)
R
L
CMA
+ 80
R
AN
SZ
Scc
DM
Fxcr PaL MGN CeS
PaL
Pc
L
SPS
Pc LVb POS MOG
SFG
CalS Cg
PcF
0
PF LG
CNh SRG
Dc NA TS IRG
Fol(1)
OT
Fol(2) LGF Tu
ON PPF
DN N3
– 80
CrC
IPtS
PN
+ 50
AN: Anterior nucleus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus Fol: Folium
Fxcr: Fornix, crus ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IPF: Interpeduncular fossa IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens ON: Optic nerve
SCP
RF
ION
0
OT: Optic tract PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure RF: Reticular formation Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
250
CL
To
SF – 50
SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SZ: Stratum zonale To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
IPF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CM
Sagittal - MRI +8(+9mm)
L
R
CG
L
CS
DM
PaL
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
MS
SPS
R
Pc(1)
+ 80
Pc(2) SFG
POS
CCb Cu LVb
CalS
AN
LG(1)
ANTERIOR
LG(2) CNh PF
CCg
Dc VA
TS
VL
Fol
0
POSTERIOR
Scc
HF CM Tu NA Py STN
PbF PCA
CrC
SN
SCbllA
+ 50
AN: Anterior nucleus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fol: Folium HF: Horizontal fissure ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LG: Lingual gyrus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MS: Marginal sulcus NA: Nucleus accumbens PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure
PN
VeA
ION
PICA BvL
0
PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery PN: Pontine nucleus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Py: Pyramis SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus STN: Subthalamic nucleus
251
– 50
To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber V4: Fourth ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VeA: Vertebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
V4
To
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver +8(+8mm)
R
L
TSV
+ 30
R
CMA
ACG
CCb
AN
PCG
PcA
Scc
DM
L
Fxcr
CeS
CCs
LVb Pv VL
POS
BN
CalS CM LG SC PHG
ANTERIOR
ZI CNh AC 0
ICg MpT
CCr
Cul NA Hyp
PF MOG
STN
N4
POA
CL
VTA
DN
OT
SCP
ON
PN
MCA
V4
ICA EmN SNr
Uv Py
N3
To
Un – 50
CrC
SNc
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACG: Anterior cingulate gyrus AN: Anterior nucleus BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CMA: Callosomarginal artery
CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CST: Corticospinal tract Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus EmN: Emboliform nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hyp: Hypothalamus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LG: Lingual gyrus
N6
CST
0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
252
ION
BvLm
ICP
– 30
PN: Pontine nucleus POA: Preoptic area POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus Ptc: Pretectum Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis SC: Superior colliculus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SNr: Substantia nigra, pars reticularis STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil TSV: Thalamostriate vein
Un: Uncus Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VTA: Ventral tegmental area ZI: Zona incerta
POSTERIOR
CG
Sagittal - MRI +8(+9mm)
L
R
L
LVb
AN
DM
CCb
CG
Scc
R
Fxcr
+ 28
CGrs
CG
CCs SV
Pv
CM CNh BV 0
VL
QC
AC
Cul
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
VA
PcF GP CL STN SCP
SN
V4
To CrC
BvL SCbllA BP + 30
AC: Anterior commissure AN: Anterior nucleus BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri
0
Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GP: Globus pallidus ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body PcF: Preculminate fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus QC: Quadrigeminal cistern SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle
VeA
ION
ICP – 40
SN: Substantia nigra STN: Subthalamic nucleus SV: Septal vein To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VeA: Vertebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
253
– 52
Sagittal - Cadaver +6(+6mm)
R
L
CS
+ 80
R
IML
CG
DM
PaL
Pv
CeS PaL
MS
Pc(1)
CCs
L
SPS
CCb
Pc(2)
SFG
PHG AN CalS
Cg LVb
IcF
Scc N4 LG
AC
PF
CNh 0
Dc
FF SRG
CL
STN RN IRG OC
HF Fol Fol LGF
CrC
Tu
N3
PPF Py(1)
Un ML – 80
IPF
ICol
PN
SCP
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AN: Anterior nucleus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CL: Central lobule CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Dc: Declive
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EmN: Emboliform nucleus FF: Fields of Forel Fol: Folium HF: Horizontal fissure IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICol: Inferior colliculus IML: Internal medullary lamina ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IPF: Interpeduncular fossa IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure
RF
ION
N12 SN5N N11 CMC
0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body ML: Medial lemniscus MS: Marginal sulcus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve OC: Optic chiasm PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
254
SF
To Py(2)
EmN
– 50
PN: Pontine nucleus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis RF: Reticular formation RN: Red nucleus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN5N: Spinal trigeminal nucleus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus
STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil Tu: Tuber Un: Uncus
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MTT
Sagittal - MRI +8(+9mm)
L
R
L
LVb
AN
DM
CCb
CG
Scc
R
Fxcr
+ 28
CGrs
CG
CCs SV
Pv
CM CNh BV 0
VL
QC
AC
Cul
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
VA
PcF GP CL STN SCP
SN
V4
To CrC
BvL SCbllA BP + 30
AC: Anterior commissure AN: Anterior nucleus BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri
0
Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GP: Globus pallidus ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body PcF: Preculminate fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus QC: Quadrigeminal cistern SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle
VeA
ION
ICP – 40
SN: Substantia nigra STN: Subthalamic nucleus SV: Septal vein To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VeA: Vertebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
255
– 52
Sagittal - Cadaver +4(+4mm)
R
L
CS(2)
+ 80
R
AN
Fxb
DM
PaL
CS(1)
CeS PaL
MS
Pc
L
CG(1) SPS
SFG
Pc
ACG
POS
CS(3)
Cu
LVb
Cul CalS
CG(2) 0
LG
CCg AC
PSF
SRG CfS
NA
HF SCA IRG SG
PcF
PTG CL
PcF Uv OlB OC AdH – 80
N3
CrC + 50
AC: Anterior commissure ACG: Anterior cingulate gyrus AdH: Adenohypophysis AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CeS: Central sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body HF: Horizontal fissure IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body ML: Medial lemniscus MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens No: Nodule
BA
SN
Pyd
ML
0
OC: Optic chiasm OlB: Olfactory bulb PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Pyd: Pyramid SC: Superior colliculus SCA: Subcallosal area SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
256
VeA
To
SCP – 50
SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula
No
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SC
Sagittal - MRI +4(+5mm)
L
R
L
CG(1)
LVb
SMT
Fxb
PrS PaL
CeS
PoG
MS
R
Pc
SPS
+ 80
CCb
Pc CS(1) POS CG(2) Cu SFG GCV CS(2)
HN
DM
LG SC
CCg
PF
0
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CalS LVa
TS VA
Dc PSF
SG
Fol HF AC Tu Hyp PPF
RN PCA
SCbllA + 50
AC: Anterior commissure BA: Basilar artery CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fol: Folium
Fxb: Fornix, body GCV: Great cerebral vein HF: Horizontal fissure HN: Habenular nucleus Hyp: Hypothalamus LG: Lingual gyrus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
CrC
BA
SCP
V4
0
PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
257
SF – 50
SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SPS: Subparietal sulcus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber V4: Fourth ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
To
PbF
Py
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver +4(+4mm)
R
L
R
TSV
+ 30
ACG
AN
CCb
PCG
Fxb
L
DM Pv
CS Scc
CG(1)
CCs CGrs
LVb VA
ANTERIOR
RN CNh 0
PF AC CG(2)
Cul
FF ICol LF
PcF
POA
CL RNc
VTA
Lg GN
ON SCP NC
OC
Uv N3 V4 MLF PCA To – 50
ICS
BA + 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACG: Anterior cingulate gyrus AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri
CS: Cingulate sulcus CST: Corticospinal tract Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus FF: Fields of Forel Fxb: Fornix, body GN: Globose nucleus ICol: Inferior colliculus ICS: Intercavernous sinus LF: Lenticular fasciculus Lg: Lingula LVb: Lateral ventricle, body ML: Medial lemniscus
CrC
CST
Pyd
SN
ML
0
MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus N3: Oculomotor nerve NC: Nucleus ceruleus OC: Optic chiasm ON: Optic nerve PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PF: Primary fissure POA: Preoptic area Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Pyd: Pyramid RN: Red nucleus
258
SCP – 30
RNc: Red nucleus, capsule SC: Superior colliculus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SN: Substantia nigra To: Tonsil TSV: Thalamostriate vein Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VTA: Ventral tegmental area
BvLm
POSTERIOR
SC
CCg
Sagittal - MRI +4(+5mm)
L
R
CS
L
CG
CCb
SMT
Scc
Fxb
R
Pv
CCs
+ 28
GCV AN ICV LVi
CCg
QC
DM
SC 0
ICol
CCr
PF Hyp
Cul RN CL
AC SCP
OC
ML
V4 SN To
PCA BvL CrC
SCbllA + 30
AC: Anterior commissure AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery BP: Basis pontis BvL: Biventral lobule CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
BA
CST - 40
0
CST: Corticospinal tract Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body GCV: Great cerebral vein HN: Habenular nucleus Hyp: Hypothalamus ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn ML: Medial lemniscus OC: Optic chiasm PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
BP
PF: Primary fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus QC: Quadrigeminal cistern RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle
259
- 52
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
HN
Sagittal - Cadaver +3(+3mm)
R
L
DM
+ 80
R
LVb
Fxb
Pv
CS
CCs
PaL
CeS
MS
SPL(1) Pc(1)
SPL(2)
L
Pc(2) SPS
CGrs
SFG
Pc(3) CG(1)
Pc(4)
MTT POS CNh
CGi
AC CG(2)
Cul CalS PF
ANTERIOR
CCg NA
IcF 0
FF SCG SRG RN IRG SG
LG Dc CfS PSF
OC OlB
Tu
SN Py(1)
FN IpyF Py(2)
AdH PCA - 80
CrC
BA
SCPd
Po
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AdH: Adenohypophysis BA: Basilar artery CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses CG: Cingulate gyrus CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern
CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus FF: Fields of Forel FN: Fastigial nucleus Fol: Folium Fxb: Fornix, body IcF: Intraculminate fissure IpyF: Intrapyramidal fissure
CL
Lg
Pyd SCP 0
IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MS: Marginal sulcus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract NA: Nucleus accumbens No: Nodule OC: Optic chiasm OlB: Olfactory bulb PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
260
VeA
V4
No
To
CMC
Uv
- 50 PF: Primary fissure Po: Pons POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid RN: Red nucleus SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus
SN: Substantia nigra SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus To: Tonsil Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
POSTERIOR
Cu
Sagittal - MRI +3(+3mm)
L
R
LVb
L
CG(1)
Fxb
PC
ICV
PrS
PrG PaL CeS PoG
Pc(1)
R
SPS
Pc(2)
+ 80
CCb CCs
CS(1) Pc(3) SFG
POS
CG(2) Cu GCV CS(2) CalS LG DM
ICol 0
Cul
CCg
TS PF
SG
PSF Fol
AC
HF Fxc
Tu
PPF MB Py
RN
PCA
SCbllA
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure BA: Basilar artery BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fol: Folium Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein HF: Horizontal fissure ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein LG: Lingual gyrus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MB: Mammillary body PaL: Paracentral lobule
CrC
BA
SC 0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PC: Posterior commissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis RN: Red nucleus
261
SMV V4
BvL
SF − 50
SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMV: Superior medullary velum SPS: Subparietal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
Uv
PbF
− 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LVa
Sagittal - Cadaver +2(+2mm)
R
L
SFG
+ 80
R
SMT
CG
Fxb
DM
CCb PaL(1)
PC
PaL(2) MS
L
SPS PG
AN
cGrs
CS POS
TSV Aq Scc Cu Fxc
CalS
AC CG 0
PF
MTT PTG
N3N
SRG Fol
IRG SG
PcF
OC
Tu
OlB
CL MB LGF AdH Py - 80
NH
RN
SCPd + 50
AC: Anterior commissure AdH: Adenohypophysis AN: Anterior nucleus Aq: Aqueduct CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CG: Cingulate gyrus cGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fol: Folium
Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column IcF: Intraculminate fissure IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure MB: Mammillary body MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MS: Marginal sulcus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract N3N: Oculomotor nerve nucleus NH: Neurohypophysis OC: Optic chiasm OlB: Olfactory bulb
PN
RF
Pyd
MLF
0
PaL: Paracentral lobule PC: Posterior commissure PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PG: Pineal gland PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid RF: Reticular formation RN: Red nucleus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum
262
V4
To
Uv
- 50 SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus To: Tonsil TSV: Thalamostriate vein Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IcF
Sagittal - MRI +2(+1mm)
L
R
L
CS
CCb
ICV
SMT
DM
PaL
MS
ISS
CCs
R
SSS
GCV
+ 80
CG
POS SV SCbllV SFG Cu
CMA
CalS LVa
SS
ANTERIOR
Cul
CCr
PF 0
Dc CfS
Fxc
PSF
ACA
Fol
SG
HF CL Tu
AC MI
LGF
SMV V3 Py MB
PC
BA
Aq
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Aq: Aqueduct BA: Basilar artery BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CfS: Confluence of sinuses CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule
CMA: Callosomarginal artery CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Cv: Clava Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fol: Folium Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein HF: Horizontal fissure ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus
QP
PN
Pyd
0
LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MB: Mammillary body MI: Massa intermedia MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PC: Posterior commissure PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure
263
V4 Cv
Lg
BvL
SF
Uv PPF
- 50 PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid QP: Quadrigeminal plate SCbllV: Superior cerebellar vein SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SMV: Superior medullary velum SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SV: Septal vein
Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula V3: Third ventricle V4: Fourth ventricle
- 80
POSTERIOR
LG CCg
Sagittal - Cadaver ±0(±0mm)
R
L
CCb
+ 80
CF
R
SMT
Hb
PG
CCs
CeS
PaL
MS
Pc
L
CL
IcF
PF
CG SSS
ISS
POS
SZ Cu DM
SSS
MI
ANTERIOR
CfS
Fxc LG
0
PTG
PSF
SCG
Dc
IRG HF PC Tu
SG MB
OS
TuC PPF AdH Py NH Lg - 80
PCA
Aq
BA
SCPd
+ 50
AdH: Adenohypophysis Aq: Aqueduct BA: Basilar artery BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern
Cu: Cuneus Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxc: Fornix, column Hb: Habenula HF: Horizontal fissure IcF: Intraculminate fissure IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula MB: Mammillary body MI: Massa intermedia
PN
MLF
ML(1)
ML(2) VeA
0
ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MS: Marginal sulcus NH: Neurohypophysis No: Nodule OS: Occipital sinus PaL: Paracentral lobule PC: Posterior commissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PG: Pineal gland PN: Pontine nucleus
264
SCP
V4
No
CMC
BvLm
- 50 POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PSF: Posterior superior fissure PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Py: Pyramis SCA: Subcallosal area SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
SZ: Stratum zonale Tu: Tuber TuC: Tuber cinereum V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
POSTERIOR
SS CCg
Sagittal - MRI ±0(−1mm)
L
R
CS
L
ISS
CCb
PcA
SMT
PTG
PC
PaL
ISS
CCs
SC
R
Pc
GCV POS
+ 80
SFG
Cu
CG
CalS
SSS
LG Fxb ICol ICV
Cul
CL 0
CCr
PF CfS
AC
PSF Fxc
OS HF
SG
Tu
PPF
ACA
Py LT V3
MI
MB + 50
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery BA: Basilar artery BP: Basis pontis BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CfS: Confluence of sinuses CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CS: Cingulate sulcus
Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein HF: Horizontal fissure ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula
BA
BP
VeA 0
LT: Lamina terminalis MA: Median aperture MB: Mammillary body MI: Massa intermedia OS: Occipital sinus PaL: Paracentral lobule PC: Posterior commissure Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PSF: Posterior superior fissure
265
Pyd
SMV MA
V4
BvL
Uv
Lg
- 50 PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid SC: Superior colliculus SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SMV: Superior medullary velum SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula
V3: Third ventricle V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
SF
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SS DM
Sagittal - Cadaver ±0(±0mm)
R
L
R
CCb
+ 30
ICV
Scc
DM
RetN
SMT(1)
L
SMT(2)
CG
CF CCs AN
HC
Fxc
CGrs PG
AC
0
CCg
PCA
SCG
Cul SC
ACA IcF
SRG
ICol
Hyp IRG
PcF
ACA CL
SG
MpT
MTT
Lg FN
OC
SCP No V4
- 50
IR
Py
MB
Uv
PCA
BA
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
PN
SCPd 0
FN: Fastigial nucleus Fxc: Fornix, column HC: Habenular commissure Hyp: Hypothalamus IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein IR: Infundibular recess IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus Lg: Lingula MB: Mammillary body MI: Massa intermedia MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus
MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum MTT: Mammillothalamic tract No: Nodule OC: Optic chiasm PC: Posterior commissure PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PG: Pineal gland PN: Pontine nucleus PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid
266
Pyd
MLF - 30
RetN: Reticular nucleus SC: Superior colliculus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SRG: Superior rostral gyrus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
To
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
PC
Sagittal - MRI ±0(−1mm)
L
R
L
CG
CCb
ICV
DM
PcA
R
SMT
CG + 28
CMA CCs AN MI
GCV SS
CCg
PC 0
AC Cul V3 ICol CL Fxc
SMV ACA V4 LT Lg OC Uv
SoR
MB + 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule
BA
BP
SCPd
To - 40
0
CMA: Callosomarginal artery Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein Lg: Lingula LT: Lamina terminalis MB: Mammillary body MI: Massa intermedia OC: Optic chiasm PC: Posterior commissure
VeA
PcA: Pericallosal artery SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SMV: Superior medullary velum SoR: Supraoptic recess SS: Straight sinus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V3: Third ventricle V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
267
- 52
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
BV CCr
Sagittal - Cadaver –2(–2mm)
R
R
L
Scc
+ 80
AN
CCb
DM
SMT
CeS
PaL
SPS
CF
L
SSS
CS SC SFG CG(1)
SS
CG(2)
CGrs
LVb PF(1)
IVF
Cula Dc
Fxc
PrF
AC 0
SRG
PF(2)
FR PTG IRG
CL
SG
OS
Fol(1)
MTT
Fol(2)
OlB Tu PrF
FN Py
OC
Uv
AdH – 80
NH
MB
CrC
RN
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AdH: Adenohypophysis AN: Anterior nucleus BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cula: Culmen, anterior
Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus FN: Fastigial nucleus Fol: Folium FR: Fasciculus retroflexus Fxc: Fornix, column IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus IVF: Interventricular foramen LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MB: Mammillary body ML: Medial lemniscus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract NH: Neurohypophysis
SN
PN
SCPd 0
OC: Optic chiasm OlB: Olfactory bulb OS: Occipital sinus PaL: Paracentral lobule PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus PrF: Precentral fissure PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Py: Pyramis RF: Reticular formation RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum
268
ML
RF
SCP
BvLm
– 50
SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SF: Secondary fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula
SF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CG(3)
Sagittal - MRI −2(−3mm)
L
R
CS
L
PcG
CP
CCb
PaL
SMT
MS
SPS
Pc
R
CCs
+ 80
GCV
SFG POS Cu
AN
CalS LG
DM
SSS Cul CL CCr PF SRG
0
SS
AC
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CCg
CfS
IRG
Dc OS SG
HF Tu
Fxc PPF MTT Py
To OC MB
PCA
SCbllA
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AN: Anterior nucleus BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CP: Choroid plexus
CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein HF: Horizontal fissure ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein LG: Lingual gyrus MB: Mammillary body MS: Marginal sulcus
RN
BP
SC 0
MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OC: Optic chiasm OS: Occipital sinus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcG: Paracingulate gyrus PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure Py: Pyramis RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus
269
ICV
ICol
BV
V4 – 50
SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus To: Tonsil Tu: Tuber V4: Fourth ventricle
BvL
SCP
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver −4(−4mm)
R
L
R
CS
+ 80
AN
SMT
PaL CeS SSS
Pv
MS
Pc(1) SPL(1)
SPS
L
SPL(2)
CG Pc(2) Cg POS LVb PCA DM Scc
SS
LVa
Cul ICol
BN 0
SRG
PF
SCA Dc PTG
Fol(1)
IRG SG
HF
OlB
Fol(2) OS
STN
Tu
PPF
Uv
NH AdH – 80
N3
SN
RN
BA(1)
+ 50
AdH: Adenohypophysis AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CP4: Choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fol: Folium HF: Horizontal fissure ICol: Inferior colliculus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve NH: Neurohypophysis OlB: Olfactory bulb OS: Occipital sinus PaL: Paracentral lobule
PN
BA(2) 0
Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PTG: Paraterminal gyrus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis RN: Red nucleus SCA: Subcallosal area Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle
270
SCP
VN
CP4
CMC – 50
SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STN: Subthalamic nucleus Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula VN: Vestibular nucleus
Py
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Cu
Sagittal - MRI –4(–5mm)
L
R
CS
CG
L
DM
CCb
SMT
PrS
PrG CeS
PaL Pv
MS
CCs
SC
R
Pc
SPS
+ 80
POS LVb BV SFG CalS
AN
Cu VA LG ICV
ANTERIOR
Cul 0
CCg
TS
NA
POSTERIOR
ICol CNh
PF AC
Fol Dc
IRG SG
HF
MCA
Tu Hyp PPF To
OC
Py SN PCA
RN + 50
AC: Anterior commissure AN: Anterior nucleus BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CNh: Caudate nucleus, head
CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fol: Folium HF: Horizontal fissure Hyp: Hypothalamus ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
SCbllA
BP
VeA 0
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MS: Marginal sulcus NA: Nucleus accumbens OC: Optic chiasm PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
271
Pyd
SCP CL
BvL
PbF
V4
– 50
Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus To: Tonsil
TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber V4: Fourth ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VeA: Vertebral artery
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver −4(−4mm)
R
L
AN
+ 30
R
CG
DM
CCb
SMT
L
Fxb
CS CCs LVa
CGrs
AC
STN
SCG
SC
PCA
BN 0
ACA
RN
SRG
ICol
IRG
Cul
OC
CL
SG
SCPd EmN
ON
SCP
Uv
PCA
To N3 CP4 SN BvLm + 50
CrC
BA
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AN: Anterior nucleus BA: Basilar artery BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CP4: Choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle
PN
Pyd
BA
0
CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus CST: Corticospinal tract Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EmN: Emboliform nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body ICol: Inferior colliculus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn N3: Oculomotor nerve OC: Optic chiasm ON: Optic nerve
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery To: Tonsil PN: Pontine nucleus Uv: Uvula Pyd: Pyramid VN: Vestibular nucleus RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SRG: Superior rostral gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus
272
CST
VN – 30
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CCg
Sagittal - MRI –4(–5mm)
L
R
L
SMT
CCb
DM
Pv
Fxb
R
FF
+ 28
CCs
AN
CGrs
LVb
ICV
BV
SV
0
CCg SC
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SP
CNh Cul ICV AC CL
ICol
Fxc
SCP
VA
OC
V4 To
Hyp PCA
SCbllA
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure AN: Anterior nucleus BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
CrC 0
FF: Fields of Forel Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column Hyp: Hypothalamus ICol: Inferior colliculus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ICV: Internal cerebral vein LVb: Lateral ventricle, body OC: Optic chiasm PCA: Posterior cerebral artery Pv: Pulvinar nucleus RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus
BP
SN
RN – 40
SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SP: Septum pellucidum SV: Septal vein To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
273
– 52
Sagittal - Cadaver –6(–6mm)
R
L
CS
+ 80
R
CCb
SFG
IML
DM
CeS
PaL
MS
SSS
Pc(1)
L
Fxcr
SPS
PcG
Pc(2) CG Cg
CCs
LVb
Pv Cu
VA CGi CCg AC
CalS
0
LG
NA SRG
PF
STN
PSF
IRG OIS
TS Fol
SG
Tu ON LGF
PcF
OIS
Py
AdH – 80
N3
CrC + 50
AC: Anterior commissure AdH: Adenohypophysis BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CL: Central lobule
CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus CST: Corticospinal tract Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus Fol: Folium Fxcr: Fornix, crus IML: Internal medullary lamina IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
SN
MpT
CST
RF
0
MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens OIS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve PcG: Paracingulate gyrus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
274
SCP
CL
To
BvLm
DN
– 50
Py: Pyramis RF: Reticular formation SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CbllT
Sagittal - MRI −6(−7mm)
L
R
L
CS
CCb
AN
PrS
Pv
DM
PaL
Fxcr
MS
CCs
R
SPS
Pc(1)
SFG
+ 80
SCbllV
LVb
Pc(2)
POS CG Cu CGi IML
SMT
LG
VA
Cul PF
0
TS
CNh
Dc HF
CCr
Fol SG DN NI
NA
PPF MCA Py OC STN
SN
PCA
SCbllA
+ 50
AN: Anterior nucleus BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CL: Central lobule CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri
CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus Fol: Folium Fxcr: Fornix, crus HF: Horizontal fi ssure IML: Internal medullary lamina LG: Lingual gyrus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery
CrC RN
BP 0
MS: Marginal sulcus NA: Nucleus accumbens NI: Nucleus interpositus OC: Optic chiasm PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fi ssure PrS: Precentral sulcus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
275
BV
VeA
CL
BvL
V4
To
PbF
– 50
Py: Pyramis RN: Red nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCbllV: Superior cerebellar vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VeA: Vertebral artery
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CalS
Sagittal - Cadaver −8(−8mm)
R
L
CCb
+ 80
R
SMT
DM
Pv
PaL(2)
CeS PaL(1)
MS
Pc
L
Cg(1)
SPS
POS LP
SFG LVb
Cu
Cg(2)
CbllT
CG
PF
VA
ANTERIOR
Cul Dc
VL 0
PcF AC
CL
SRG
TS PSF
NA IRG
HF SG OS STN PPF
Py OT CavS – 80
N3
Un
CrC
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure CalS: Calcarine sulcus CavS: Cavernous sinus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CrC: Crus cerebri
Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus HF: Horizontal fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens
SN
PN 0
OS: Occipital sinus OT: Optic tract PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
276
CCs
ICP
MCP
CMC – 50
SG: Straight gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra SPS: Subparietal sulcus SRG: Superior rostral gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus Un: Uncus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
To
POSTERIOR
CalS CM
Sagittal - MRI −8(−9mm)
L
R
CS
L
SFG(1)
CCb
DM
LVb
PaL CeS
Fxcr
MS
Pc
R
CCs
PcG
+ 80
POS
CG Cu SFG(2)
CalS
Pv
LG BV
Cul CNh
PF
0
LEFT
RIGHT
CCg
TS VA Dc PSF
NA
ISL VL DN GPi PPF MCA Py STN
SN
PCA
+ 50
BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CL: Central lobule CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus
Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MS: Marginal sulcus NA: Nucleus accumbens
SCbllA
CrC
BP
VeA
CL
0
PcG: Paracingulate gyrus PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PPF: Prepyramidal fi ssure PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Py: Pyramis SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
277
BvL – 50
SN: Substantia nigra STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil TS: Transverse sinus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VeA: Vertebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
PbF
To
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver −8(−8mm)
R
L
R
VA
+ 30
LP
SMT
CCb
DM
L
Fxb CG
LVb
VL
CCs
ICg CM CNh CGrs Pv FF AC 0
Cg
NA ICg Fxc
PF
IRG
Cul
STN PCA ACA
PcF
SG DN
ON
N4 CL ICA
SCP
OT
To + 50
N3
CrC
SN
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery BA: Basilar artery BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CL: Central lobule CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head
CST
BA
SCPd
ION
0
CrC: Crus cerebri CST: Corticospinal tract Cul: Culmen DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus FF: Fields of Forel Fxb: Fornix, body Fxc: Fornix, column ICA: Internal carotid artery ICg: Internal capsule, genu ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IRG: Inferior rostral gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body SG: Straight gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve SMT: Stria medullaris thalami N4: Trochlear nerve SN: Substantia nigra NA: Nucleus accumbens STN: Subthalamic nucleus ON: Optic nerve To: Tonsil OT: Optic tract VA: Ventral anterior nucleus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery VL: Ventral lateral nucleus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Pyd: Pyramid SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation
278
Pyd – 30
BvLm
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CCg
Sagittal - MRI −8(−9mm)
L
R
IML
L
CS
CG
CCb
SMT
DM
R
Fxcr
Scc
CM
+ 28
LP Cg VA CCs VL
ANTERIOR
Pv CNh 0
CCg BV
POSTERIOR
CGi
NA PF CCr FF AC
CLw
GPi
DN STN
CL
SN
PCA
CrC
SCbllA
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGi: Cingulate gyrus, isthmus CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing
BP 0
CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus FF: Fields of Forel Fxcr: Fornix, crus GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment IML: Internal medullary lamina LP: Lateral posterior nucleus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle NA: Nucleus accumbens
MCP
To
BvLm – 40
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SN: Substantia nigra STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
279
– 52
Sagittal - Cadaver −10(−10mm)
R
L
VL
+ 80
R
LP
CM
DM
Pv
PaL
CeS
Fxcr
MS
Pc(1)
SPS
L
Cg
SFG
Pc(2)
LVb
POS
CS
ICa
Cu
LVa IcF CNh ICp ANTERIOR
CalS
NA 0
LG GPi
Dc
STN
PSF
OT
PcF CLw(1)
SG
ISL ON
DN MCP
CavS GL – 80
N3
Un
CrC(1)
IPtS
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CalS: Calcarine sulcus CavS: Cavernous sinus CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CM: Centromedian nucleus CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus
Dc: Declive DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GL: Gracile lobule GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IcF: Intraculminate fissure ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus
CrC(2)
PN
CLw(2)
0
LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure
280
N12
CMC
BvLm – 50
PN: Pontine nucleus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil Un: Uncus Uv: Uvula VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
To
Uv
POSTERIOR
PF
AC
Sagittal - MRI −10(−11mm)
L
R
L
CG
CS
SFG
LVb
PrS
PrG
CeS
PaL
MS
Fxcr
R
Pc
SCbllV
+ 80
CCb CCs DM POS LP Cu
CM
CalS LG
VL
CNh
PHG
GPe
PF
0
TS AC AQL PQL
ICp
SSL NA
HF
AL ISL MCA LGF
OC
DN STN
N3
PCA
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AL: Ansa lenticularis AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CLw: Central lobule, wing CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head
CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus DN: Dentate nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment HF: Horizontal fi ssure ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure
SN
CrC 0
LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens OC: Optic chiasm PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fi ssure Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fi ssure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
281
BV
CLw
BvL - 50
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCbllV: Superior cerebellar vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STN: Subthalamic nucleus TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
PbF
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Pv
Sagittal - Cadaver −12(−12mm)
R
L
VP
+ 80
R
LVb
SZ
Pv
LP
PaL(1)
CeS
PaL(2)
MS
L
Pc(1) SPS
VL
Pc(2) ICa POS LVa Fxcr CNh Cu
LG
GPe
IcF 0
GPi PcF STN
PSF HF
SG
SSL MCA CLw
OS CavS(1) DN
N3 - 80
PbF Un
CavS(2) + 50
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CavS: Cavernous sinus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CP: Choroid plexus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
HF: Horizontal fissure ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IcF: Intraculminate fissure IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve
IPtS
PcF
MCP 0
OS: Occipital sinus PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrF: Precentral fissure PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SG: Straight gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STN: Subthalamic nucleus
282
N12
CP
CMC - 50
SZ: Stratum zonale Un: Uncus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
BvLl
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CS
Sagittal - MRI −12(−13mm)
L
R
CC
L
CS
SFG(1) LVb
PrG CeS
SCV(2) PrS
PaL
MS
Pc
SCV(1)
R
Fxb CCs
SFG(2)
+ 80
POS
LP(1)
SFG(3)
Cu CalS
CNh LG LP(2)
CalS(2) PHG
AQL 0
CNh TS ICa
PF SSL
GPe
PQL HF
NA ISL GPml LGF
GPi
DN
VL
STN
VP + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CC: Corpus callosum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus Fxb: Fornix, body GL: Gracile lobule
PCA
SN
Pv 0
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment NA: Nucleus accumbens GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment PaL: Paracentral lobule GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina PbF: Prebiventral fissure HF: Horizontal fissure Pc: Precuneus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb PCA: Posterior cerebral artery ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule PF: Primary fissure LG: Lingual gyrus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus PoS: Postcentral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule LVb: Lateral ventricle, body PrG: Precentral gyrus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle PrS: Precentral sulcus MS: Marginal sulcus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
283
BV
MCP
BvL - 50
SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STN: Subthalamic nucleus TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PbF
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LVa
Sagittal - Cadaver −12(−12mm)
R
L
ICa
+ 30
R
VL
CCb
FF
SMT
LP
L
Fxcr
CNh CCs Hif LVa GPml Pv
ICa
ANTERIOR
0
MGN
CCg
PHG AC CrC CCr PF AQL
GPi
PCA
STN
CLw OT SCP ON DN
MCA N3
MCP
ICA(1)
PbF To
Hi - 50
ICA(2)
N6 + 30
AC: Anterior commissure AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCr: Corpus callosum, rostrum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CLw: Central lobule, wing CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri DN: Dentate nucleus FF: Fields of Forel
PCA
PN
BA
N12
- 30
0
Fxcr: Fornix, crus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus
N12: Hypoglossal nerve N3: Oculomotor nerve N6: Abducens nerve ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMT: Stria medullaris thalami
284
BvLm
STN: Subthalamic nucleus To: Tonsil VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
POSTERIOR
VA
GPe
Sagittal - MRI −12(−13mm)
L
R
L
VL
LP
VP
LVb
CCb
R
Fxb
+ 28
ICa CCs CNh
Pv PHG LG MGN 0 GPe
BV AC
SN NA
AQL
GPml
GPi
PcF
ICp STN
PCA + 30
AC: Anterior commissure AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BP: Basis pontis BV: Basal vein CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CLw: Central lobule, wing CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri Fxb: Fornix, body GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina
CrC
BP
CLw - 40
0
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus NA: Nucleus accumbens PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
MCP
SN: Substantia nigra STN: Subthalamic nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
285
- 52
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LVa
Sagittal - Cadaver −14(−14mm)
R
L
VL
+ 80
LP(2)
R
LVb(2)
SFG VP
Pv
LP(1)
CeS CS(1)
PaL
LVb(1)
MS
Pc(1)
L
Hif
Cg Pc(2)
ICa POS GPe GPml IcF CS CalS CNh AQL
LVa 0
PF
AC
PcF CbllT
Pu
PQL NA PSF MObG
TS
OT
ISL
ON
CLw
Amg
LGF DN
N3 GL Un
- 80
Hi
CavS
N6
PHG
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CavS: Cavernous sinus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CrC: Crus cerebri
CS: Cingulate sulcus DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IcF: Intraculminate fissure IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus
IPtS
CrC
N4 MGN
0
LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N6: Abducens nerve N7: Facial nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens
286
N7
N12
N11 CMC
BvL
MCP
- 50 ON: Optic nerve OT: Optic tract PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
SG: Straight gyrus TS: Transverse sinus Un: Uncus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CS(2)
Sagittal - MRI −14(−15mm)
L
R
L
LVb
CS
SFG(1)
SCV(2) PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
MS
Pv
Fxcr
R
Pc(1) SCV(1)
+ 80
Pc(2)
CCb
CCs LP
POS
CNb
SFG(2)
Cu CalS(1)
GPe
LG(1) CalS(2)
LVa
LG(2) PF
CNh
0
TS IC
SSL HF
GPll PQL ISL
GPml
LGF
GPi
AQL
MCA VL
VP + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DN: Dentate nucleus Fl: Flocculus
Fxcr: Fornix, crus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure IC: Internal capsule ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn
BV
PCA
PHG
0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MS: Marginal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
287
MCP
Fl
BvL - 50
Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
DN
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Pu
Sagittal - Cadaver −16(−16mm)
R
L
SFG
+ 80
R
Pv
LP
LVb
PaL(2)
CeS
LVtr PaL(1)
MS
Pc(1)
L
Pc(2) POS
ICa
PcF
VP
Cu
GPe
CalS LVa LG
PF 0
Pu
PQL IcF
NA
PSF HF
MObG SSL ON ISL Amg LGF N3
- 80
GL
Hi OptN
PHG
Cg
MCP
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CLw: Central lobule, wing CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
IcF: Intraculminate fissure IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus N3: Oculomotor nerve
IPtS
N8
0
N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PaL: Paracentral lobule PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
288
N12
Fl
CLw - 50
PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PbF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CNh
Sagittal - MRI −16(−17mm)
L
R
SFG(2)
L
Pv
LVb SFG(1)
SCV
CeS PoG
PrS PrG
MS
Fxcr
Pc(1) SCV
R
Pc(2)
POS
+ 80
CNb(1)
LP Cu CNb(2) SOG
VL ICp
CalS
LG
CNh
MOG 0
ICa IOG
GPe
TS
Pu
PQL NA HF GPi ISL
PF
GPml
LGF MCA OT
Amg
BV
VPL
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GL: Gracile lobule
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
SCbllA
PHG 0
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus NA: Nucleus accumbens OT: Optic tract Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
289
Fl
BvLl
DG - 50
Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VPL: Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
AQL
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
GPll
Sagittal - Cadaver −16(−16mm)
R
L
GPml
+ 30
R
CCb
CNb
VL
ICp
LVb
SZ
L
LP CPlv
ICa Fxcr
CC
GPe
Pv CNh
VP
Pu
DG 0
GPi
MGN
NA
BIC
AC
PF
MObG OT
AQL PcF
ON CLw CrC
- 50
DN
N3
N5
ICA
Fl
N4
N8
Hi
PbF OptN
PHG
ICA
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BIC: Brachium of inferior colliculus BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CC: Corpus callosum CCb: Corpus callosum, body CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CPlv: Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle CrC: Crus cerebri DG: Dentate gyrus DN: Dentate nucleus
IPtS
MCP
N7
N12
- 30
0
Fl: Flocculus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxcr: Fornix, crus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve NA: Nucleus accumbens ON: Optic nerve
290
BvLl
OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SZ: Stratum zonale VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
N11
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Hif
Sagittal - MRI −16(−17mm)
L
R
CNb
L
ICp
LP
CCb
R
LVb
CP
ICa
+ 28
Fxcr CCs
GPml Cu VP DG Pv CNh CalS 0 LG
GPe
VL
Pu
PHG
NA PQL
AC BV
GPi AQL
MCA
OT + 30
AC: Anterior commissure AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CP: Choroid plexus Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus Fxcr: Fornix, crus
N5
MCP - 40
0
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle NA: Nucleus accumbens N5: Trigeminal nerve
Fl
OT: Optic tract PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
291
- 52
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
GPll
Sagittal - Cadaver −18(−18mm)
R
L
CNb
+ 80
R
SFG(1)
ICp
PrS
PrG
LVb
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
LVtr
L
Hif
Pv GPml
SPL(2) GPe POS SOG
GPi
CalS
CNh
MOG
LG AC 0
IOG SFG(2) CbllT Amg PSF MObG HF TS
ON
PF N3 AQL
N4
LGF N6 OS Hi - 80
DN OptN
PHG
Cg + 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head DN: Dentate nucleus Fl: Flocculus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
SPtS
N5
N7
N8 0
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment MOG: Middle occipital gyrus GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina N3: Oculomotor nerve HF: Horizontal fissure N4: Trochlear nerve Hi: Hippocampus N5: Trigeminal nerve Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria N6: Abducens nerve ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb N7: Facial nerve IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve LG: Lingual gyrus N11: Accessory nerve LGF: Lunogracile fissure N12: Hypoglossal nerve LVb: Lateral ventricle, body ON: Optic nerve LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone OptN: Ophthalmic nerve MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle OS: Occipital sinus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure
292
MCP
N12 N11
Fl
BvLl
PcF
PbF
- 50 PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Pu
Sagittal - MRI −18(−19mm)
L
R
SFG(2)
LP
L
SFG(1)
PrS SCV
PrG
CeS
PoG
MS
LVb
Pc(1)
R
Hi
SCV
+ 80
Pc(2) CNb
POS VL Cu SOG GPll CalS ICa MOG CNh IOG
0
GPe TS PSF
Pu
PQL SSL GPi HF
ISL
MCA
ICp
Amg
Hi
BV
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BV: Basal vein BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
VP
Pv 0
MS: Marginal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCV: Superior cerebral vein
293
PHG
Fl
BvL
AQL - 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PF
GL
LGF
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LG
Sagittal - Cadaver −20(−20mm)
R
L
CNb
+ 80
R
ICp
SFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
Pv
PoS
L
LVtr SPL(1)
GPll SPL(2)
GPe
Hif
GPml
Cu SOG
MOG
SFG(1) 0
PF Pu IOG AC PSF IFGob HF MCA AQL ON OS
Amg
GL
LGN - 80
Hi
PHG
ICA
SPtS
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure
Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOG: Middle occipital gyrus N7: Facial nerve
CLw
IPtS
N7
0
N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure
294
N8
N12
PcF
MCP - 50
Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
PbF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
GPi
Sagittal - MRI −20(−21mm)
L
R
SFG(2)
L
LP
SFG(1)
PrS
PrG
PoG
CeS
LVtr
MS
Pc(1)
R
Pc(2)
POS
+ 80
Pv
VL
Hif
ICp SOG
SFG
Cu CalS MOG
LG
Pu
IOG
CNh
0
TS GPe PSF PQL GPml
SSL HF
GPi
ISL PF
MCA
Amg
VP
Hi
PHG
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery
ColS
CLw 0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen
295
Fl
BvL
AQL - 50
Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PbF
GL
LGF
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
GPll
Sagittal - Cadaver −20(−20mm)
R
L
ICa
+ 30
R
SLF
GPml
CNb
ICp
LP
EML
LVtr
L
CP
GPll LPv
OR GPe Cu
GPi
DG
Pu
LG
0
AC
LGN
OT
LVi
Amg
PQL PF AQL
MCA
SPtS
ON
CLw
MCP Hi Fl GL PbF - 50
PHG
N5
ICA
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CP: Choroid plexus Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus EML: External medullary lamina Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule
N7
IPtS
0
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LG: Lingual gyrus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LPv: Lateral pulvinar nucleus
LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle N5: Trigeminal nerve N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure
296
N12
N11
N8 - 30
PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
BvLl
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CalS
Sagittal - MRI −20(−21mm)
L
R
L
ICa
CNb
CCF
ICp
LP
VL
LVtr
R
VP
CCs
+ 28
GPe CP
Cu
Pu
ANTERIOR
Hif 0
CNh
LG Pv
GPml DG
GPi PHG PQL MCA
AQL Amg
ColS
Hi + 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CP: Choroid plexus Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
SCbllV
MCP - 40
0
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LG: Lingual gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus
Fl
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCbllV: Superior cerebellar vein VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
297
- 52
POSTERIOR
CalS
GPll
Sagittal - Cadaver −21(−21mm)
R
+ 80
L
ICp
R
SFG(1)
CNb
PrS
PrG
CeS PoG(1)
PoG(2)
LVtr
PoS
L
SPL Hif
Pv
OR
Cu
GPe
CalS
GPi
SOG
LGN
ANTERIOR
SFG(2) 0
LG
AC
PF
UF OT
IOG CbllT
IFGob
TS MCA PSF ON
HF ISL
Amg
LGF
Hi
OS - 80
PHG
SPtS
ICA
CLw
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNb: Caudate nucleus, body Cu: Cuneus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure
Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery
N7
IPtS
N8 0
MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOG: Middle occipital gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OR: Optic radiation OS: Occipital sinus OT: Optic tract PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus
298
N12
MCP VeA BvL - 50 PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus TS: Transverse sinus UF: Uncinate fasciculus VeA: Vertebral artery
PbF
GL
POSTERIOR
MOG Pu
Sagittal - MRI −21(−23mm)
L
R
SFG(2)
L
LVtr
SFG(1)
PrS
PrG CeS
PoG
Hif
MS
R
Pc
POS
LP SOG Pv Cu ICa CalS SFG(3) MOG VL
IOG
Pu
0
DG CNh TS GPe
PSF PQL
GPi SSL HF
MCA
LGF
Amg ISL
VP
Hi
PHG
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CLw: Central lobule, wing CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
ColS
CLw 0
MS: Marginal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pc: Precuneus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
299
Fl
BvL
AQL - 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
PbF
PF
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LG
Sagittal - Cadaver –22(–22mm)
R
L
Pv
+ 80
R
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
CNt
PoS
LVtr
L
SPL(1) LVp
ICp
SPL(2)
GPe
IPS AG
GPi LVa Pu
AC CalS 0
MFG(2) LG
LGN
PQL
IFGob
CbllT Amg
TS
ON HF LS PSF STG
Hi – 80
ISL Cg
PHG
SPtS
ColS
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn
N7
IPtS
N8 N12
0
LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OS: Occipital sinus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
300
BvLl
AQL – 50
PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus
OS
LGF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SOG
Sagittal - MRI −22(−25mm)
L
R
ICp
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG CeS PoG
PoS SPL(1)
SPL(2)
R
LVtr
CNt
Pv
+ 80
POS
SOG MFG(2) Cu GPe CalS
ANTERIOR
LG
GPi
0
IOG
POSTERIOR
MOG
Pu
CirS TS PQL
MCA
SSL LS
PSF HF
DG ISL
Amg LGF Hi
PHG + 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus Cu: Cuneus DG: Dentate gyrus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment:
HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
ColS
MOTG 0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus
301
BvL
AQL
PbF – 50
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
PF
GL
– 80
Sagittal - Cadaver −24(−24mm)
R
L
Pv
R
ICp
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG(1)
PoG(2)
PoS
CNt
L
LVtr SPL
GPll IPS
GPe AG Pu SOG
AC
ANTERIOR
CalS MFG(2) 0
OR IFGob
LG DG
Amg
IOG MCA
TS
ON SSL HF STG PSF Cg ISL
- 80
PHG
ICA
SPtS
N8
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail DG: Dentate gyrus GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina
HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICA: Internal carotid artery ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LG: Lingual gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone
IPtS
N12 0
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
302
AQL BvLl
VeA PbF - 50
PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus VeA: Vertebral artery
PF
GL
LGF
POSTERIOR
Hif
Hi
Sagittal - MRI −24(−27mm)
L
R
L
ICp
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
SPL(2)
R
SPL(3)
GPe
SOG Pu LVp MFG(2) MOG LOG
CirS
PQL 0 EC TS PSF Cl SSL HF MCA
PF ISL
LVi LGF
Amg
Hia
Hi
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule GL: Gracile lobule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus
ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IN: Insula IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure
DG
PHG
MOTG 0
PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
303
BvL
AQL - 50
PbF
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IOG IN
Sagittal - Cadaver -26(-26mm)
R
L
MFG(1)
+ 80
R
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG(2)
PoG(1)
CNt
PoS
L
SPL(1)
LV SPL(2)
ICp
Hif GPe AG Pu CalS Cl SOG
CbllT
MFG(2) 0
MOG
EC AC
PSF
IFGob
PQL TS
Amg
HF
ON
ISL Hi LGF ITG PF
DG - 80
PHG
SPtS
N7
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LV: Lateral ventricle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
N8
IPtS N12 N10 0
N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11: Accessory nerve N12: Hypoglossal nerve ON: Optic nerve OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
304
N11
AQL
PbF - 50
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus TS: Transverse sinus
OS
GL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
EmC
Sagittal - MRI −26(−29mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
SPL(2)
R
SPL(3)
CNt
MFG(2) SPL(4)
ICp LVp
EC SOG
IOG 0
TS
Pu
PQL PSF SSL Hia HF
LGF
Hi
PF
LVi
DG + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus
LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus
PHG
ColS 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fi ssure Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
305
MOTG
BvL
PbF - 50
AQL
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MOG IN
Sagittal - Cadaver −28(−28mm)
R
+ 80
L
MFG(2)
R
AR
MFG(1)
PrS
CeS
PrG
PoG
PoS
Hia
SPL(1)
L
SPL(2) CNt
Pu IPS Cl AG MFG(3) LVi EmC SOG EC AC DG
IFGob 0
Cg
ObG Amg
CbllT MCA
TS
ON
PQL
Hi
HF
STG
SSL
PHG LGF ColS PF MOTG - 80
GL SPtS
ICA
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus
DG: Dentate gyrus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn
N8
ICA
IPtS
0
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve ObG: Orbital gyrus ON: Optic nerve OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
306
AQL BvLl
VeA
PbF - 50
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus VeA: Vertebral artery
OS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CalS
Sagittal - MRI −28(−31mm)
L
R
MFG(2)
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
AR
R
SPL(2)
CNt
+ 80
Pu SPL(3)
EmC
SOG CirS LVi MOG OR
EmC
IOG
0
Cl PQL IFGob PSF SSL MCA HF
ISL
Amg
LGF
Hi
DG
PHG
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AR: Auditory radiation BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fi ssure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure
ColS 0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
307
MOTG
BvL
PbF - 50
PF
GL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INsg
Sagittal - Cadaver −30(−30mm)
R
L
R
MFG(3)
+ 80
MFG(2)
MFG(1)
PrS
PoG
CeS
SCV
PoG
L
PoS SPL(1)
IFS SPL(2)
IPS Pu AG(1) EmC AG(2) Cl
IN 0
MOG
EmC
IOG CbllT
IFGob HF TS
ON
SSL HF MCA ISL LGF
STG
GL - 80
Amg MOTG
ICA
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cl: Claustrum EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IJV: Internal jugular vein
IN: Insula IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve ON: Optic nerve OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure
SPtS
N8 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SCV: Superior cerebral vein SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus VeA: Vertebral artery
308
VeA
IJV
BvLl
PbF - 50
OS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SOG
Sagittal - MRI −30(−33mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
R
SPL(2)
SPL(3)
+ 80
CeSIN SOG
MCA(1) ColS
MOG
IOG
MFG(2)
0
INsg(2)
TS
PSF IFGob
SSL HF
ISL MCA(2) PQL
MCA(3)
INlg + 50
BvL: Biventral lobule CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula ColS: Collateral sulcus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure MCA: Middle cerebral artery
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
PHG
MOTG 0
SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus
309
PF
BvL
PbF - 50
GL
LGF
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INsg(1)
Sagittal - Cadaver −30(−30mm)
R
L
R
Pu
+ 30
AR
L
CirS CNt
CirS
LVi Cl OR
ANTERIOR
CalS EC 0
Hia EmC Cg IFGob Hi
MGN
MCA
PQL PF
Amg
PSF
STG LGF
LVi
GL PbF
- 50
BvLl
ColS
AuT
MOTG
0
+ 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AR: Auditory radiation AuT: Auditory tube BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral CalA: Calcar avis CalS: Calcarine sulcus Cg: Cingulum CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
ICA
GL: Gracile lobule Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IJV: Internal jugular vein IN: Insula LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve
N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve OR: Optic radiation PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
310
N7
N8 - 30
IJV
POSTERIOR
CalA
IN
Sagittal - MRI −30(−33mm)
L
R
L
R
INlg
CeSIN
+ 28
AR
CirS
INsg
DG 0
OR ColS
MOTG
MCA
PHG PF AQL LS PQL
MCP ISL
Amg
GL BvL + 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AR: Auditory radiation BvL: Biventral lobule CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CirS: Circular sulcus of insula ColS: Collateral sulcus DG: Dentate gyrus GL: Gracile lobule INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LS: Lateral sulcus
0
- 40
LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
311
- 52
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LVi
Sagittal - Cadaver −32(−32mm)
R
L
R
CNt(1)
+ 80
PrS
PoG
PrG
IN
CeS
PoG
L
TTG PoS SPL(1) SPL(2) IPS
MFG AG(1) SFS
LVi
EmC CalA CalS
Pu
AG(2)
CirS
ANTERIOR
SOG INsg IOG
0
MOG
IFGob
CbllT Hia TS LI PSF MCA
HF SSL
TP
LGF
CNt(2) - 80
Hi
MOTG
SPtS
ICA(2)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalA: Calcar avis CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail EmC: Extreme capsule GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus
Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IJV: Internal jugular vein IN: Insula INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LI: Limen insulae LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
N8
ICA(1) 0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve PF: Primary fissure PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Pu: Putamen SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus
312
IJV
VeA
PF
SigS - 50
SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TP: Temporal pole TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery
PQL
GL
POSTERIOR
Cg
Cl
Sagittal - MRI −32(−35mm)
L
R
INlg(1)
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
R
SPL(2)
TTG
+ 80
SPL(3) INlg(2)
MCA(1)
SOG
MOG
INsg(1)
IOG 0
TS INsg(2) PQL PSF IFGob SSL HF
ISL
MCA(2)
CeSIN + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula ColS: Collateral sulcus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
PHG
ColS 0
TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
313
MOTG
PF - 50
GL
LGF
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MFG(2)
Sagittal - Cadaver −34(−34mm)
R
L
R
L
+ 80
IFS
IPS
SMG MFG(2)
CNt
AG(1) LVi
IFGtr
ANTERIOR
SOG
INsg
Cg
0
IFGob
MOG IOG
IFO
TS
LS
PSF Cl HF MCA
SSL ISL
STG LGF
- 80
Hia
Hi
MOTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus Cg: Cingulum CirS: Circular sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part
IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFO: Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IJV: Internal jugular vein INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery
ICA
SPtS
IJV CbllT
0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
314
VeA
SigS - 50
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery
GL
PQL
POSTERIOR
AG(2)
CirS
Sagittal - MRI −34(−37mm)
L
R
L
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
R
SPL(2)
SPL(3)
+ 80
CirS AG
MFG (2) POS CeSIN SOG
INlg
INsg
IOG
0
TS MCA PSF IFGob PQL
SSL HF AR
CNt
LVi + 50
AG: Angular gyrus AR: Auditory radiation CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CirS: Circular sulcus of insula CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus
ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
Hi
MOTG 0
PSF: Posterior superior fissure SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
315
GL - 50
LGF
ISL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MOG
Sagittal - Cadaver −36(−36mm)
R
L
R
M FG(1)
+ 80
PrS
PrG(2)
L
Pr G(1)
IFS IPS
MFG(2)
SMG
CNt IFGop AG IFGtr SOG LVi 0
INsg
MOG
INlg
IOG CbllT
IFGob
TS LS HF MCA SSL
STG
ISL
LGF - 80
Hi
MOTG
N7
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
IJV: Internal jugular vein INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
N8
ICA
SPtS IJV 0
N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
316
VeA
SigS - 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery
GL
PSF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
CeSIN
Sagittal - MRI −36(−39mm)
L
R
L
MFG(1)
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
R
SPL(2)
+ 80
MFG(2) IPS
MFG(3) AG
INlg(3)
CeSIN
MOG
IFG(2)
0
IOG INsg TS
PSF
IFGob
PQL SSL
MCA HF
LS
INlg(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure
LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
INlg(1)
TTG 0
TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
317
GL - 50
LGF
ISL
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
SOG
Sagittal - Cadaver –38(–38mm)
R
L
R
MFG(1)
+ 80
PrS
TTG
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
L
SPL(1)
IFGop SPL(2)
IPS
MFG(2)
SMG IFS
AG IFGtr SOG MOG 0
IFGob
IOG CbllT
LS TS PSF
Ey
PQL
LRM
HF ILF MCA
– 80
STG
CeSIN
INlg
IFO
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula Ey: Eyeball GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFO: Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
IJV: Internal jugular vein ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LRM: Lateral rectus muscle LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
MOTG
IJV
0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus
318
SPtS
VeA
SigS – 50
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VeA: Vertebral artery
GL
LGF
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INsg
Sagittal - MRI –38(–41mm)
L
R
MFG(1)
L
IFS
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
R
SPL(1)
+ 80
SPL(2)
TTG IPS
MFG(2) AG IFGop
POSTERIOR
MOG 0
IOG IFGob TS MCA PSF Ey
PQL
LS(1) SSL
LS(2)
STG
INlg
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus Ey: Eyeball HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LS: Lateral sulcus
MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule
MOTG 0
STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
319
ISL – 50
HF
– 80
ANTERIOR
SOG
IFGtr
Sagittal - Cadaver –40(–40mm)
R
L
+ 80
MFG
R
PrS
TTG(2)
PrG
TTG(1)
PoG
CeS
PoS
L
SPL
IPS IFS
SMG SFG
IFG
AG
IFGop
ANTERIOR
MOG
IFGtr 0
IOG INsg TS IFGob CbllT PSF
LS
PQL HF
MCA(1)
ISL
LGF
MCA(2) – 80
INlg
STG
MTG
LPM
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fi ssure IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus
INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure LPM: Lateral pterygoid muslce LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve
MOTG
N7
SPtS
0
OCS: Obliquus capitis superioris muscle PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
320
ILF
OCS – 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
SigS
GL
POSTERIOR
SOG CeSIN
Sagittal - MRI –40(–43mm)
L
R
L
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
R
IPS
+ 80
MFG(1)
AG(1)
MFG(2) AG(2)
SOG
IFGtr
MOG
MFG
IOG
0
IFGob TS LS PSF
PQL
SSL
MCA STG
INlg
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus HF: Horizontal fi ssure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part INlg: Insula, long gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
TTG 0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SOG: Superior occipital gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
321
ISL – 50
HF
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGop
Sagittal - Cadaver –42(–42mm)
R
+ 80
L
MFG
R
PrS
PrG(2)
PrG(1)
CeS
TTG(1)
PoG
PoS
L
SPL(1) SPL(2)
IPS IFS SMG
AG
IFGop
TTG(2)
MOG 0
IFGtr IOG IFGob PoN LS TS
MCA
CbllT
HF STG(1)
– 80
STS
STG(2)
MTG
MOTG LPM
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LPM: Lateral pterygoid muslce
LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OCS: Obliquus capitis superioris muscle PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus
ILF 0
SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
322
OCS
SigS – 50
SPtS
SSL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
INsg
Sagittal - MRI –42(–45mm)
L
R
L
MFG(2)
MFG(1)
PrS
CeS
PrG
PoG
PoS
R
SPL
IPS
+ 80
AG(1)
MFG(3)
TTG
IFGop AG(2)
ANTERIOR
STS(1)0 IFGtr IOG
IFGob
TS
PSF LS PQL
STG
SSL STS(2)
MTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus
ITG
ILF 0
STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
323
SPS
ISL – 50
HF
– 80
POSTERIOR
MOG
IFS
Sagittal - Cadaver –44(–44mm)
R
L
R
PrS
+ 80
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
L
SPL(2)
IFS IPS
TTG(1) MFG SMG
AG
IFGop
IFGtr MOG 0
IOG
LS
PoN IFGob TS
CbllT
STG
– 80
STS
MOTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LPM: Lateral pterygoid muslce LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
LPM
SPtS 0
TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
324
SigS – 50
SSL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
TTG(2)
Sagittal - MRI –44(–47mm)
L
R
L
MFG
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
R
SPL
+ 80
SMG IFS
AG(1)
IFGop
AG(2)
TTG
MOG 0
IFGob IOG
LS TS
STG
SSL
STS
HF MTG
ITS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus HF: Horizontal fissure IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
ITG
ISL 0
MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
325
– 50
– 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr
Sagittal - Cadaver –46(–46mm)
R
L
R
PrS
+ 80
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
L
SMG
SPL(2)
MFG
IFS
AG
TTG(1)
IFGop
0
IOG LS PoN IFGob TS
STS STG
CbllT STS ISL
– 80
ITS
ITG
LPM
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LPM: Lateral pterygoid muslce LS: Lateral sulcus
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve OCS: Obliquus capitis superioris muscle PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus
MTG 0
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
326
N7
OCS
SigS – 50
SPtS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
TTG(2) IFGtr
Sagittal - MRI −46(−49mm)
L
R
L
PrS
MFG
PrG
PoG
CeS
PoS
SPL
R
IPS
+ 80
SMG
TTG
AG(1) IFGop(1)
AG(2)
MOG
IFGtr(1)
0
IFGob
IOG
IFGtr(2)
TS LS
STG
STS
MTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
ITS
ITG 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
327
SSL - 50
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGop(2)
Sagittal - Cadaver −47(−47mm)
R
L
R
Pr S
+ 80
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL(1)
L
SMG
SPL(2) MFG
AG
IFS
TTG(1) IFGop
TTG(3)
IFGtr 0
IOG LS PoN IFGob TS
STG CbllT
STS ISL - 80
MTG
ITS
ITG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeS: Central sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LPM: Lateral pterygoid muslce LS: Lateral sulcus
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N7: Facial nerve PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
LPM
MTG 0
STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
328
N7
STS
SigS - 50
SPtS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
TTG(2)
Sagittal - MRI −47(−51mm)
L
R
L
PrS
MFG
PrG
PoG
CeS
PoS
SPL
R
IPS
+ 80
SMG
TTG(1) AG(1) TTG(2) IFGop(1) AG(2)
MOG IFGtr(1) 0
IFGtr(2) IOG IFGob
TS
LS
STG
STS
MTG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IOG: Inferior occipital gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
ITS
SSL - 80
ITG 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
329
- 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGop(2)
Sagittal - Cadaver −48(−48mm)
R
L
R
PrS
+ 80
PrG
PoG
CeS
PoS
SPL
L
IPS
SMG(1)
MFG SMG(2)
SMG(3)
IFS
AG
TTG 0
IFGtr MTG(1)
LS
PoN
ITS(1)
STG
TS
STS
SPtS - 80
MTG(2)
ITS(2)
MTG(3)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery N7: Facial nerve
OCS: Obliquus capitis superioris muscle PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoN: Preoccipital notch PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus
MxA
ITG 0
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
330
N7
OCS
SigS - 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGop
Sagittal - MRI −48(−53mm)
L
R
L
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
SPL
IPS
R
SMG
+ 80
PrS AG(1)
IFG
AG(2) IFGop
ANTERIOR
0
IFGob
ITS
LS ITG(1)
TS
STG
STS
MTG(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
ITG(2) 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
331
TTG(2)
TTG(1) - 50
- 80
POSTERIOR
MTG(1)
IFGtr
Sagittal - Cadaver −50(−50mm)
R
L
R
PrS
+ 80
PrG
CeS
TTG
SPL
IPS
L
SMG(1)
IFGop SMG(2)
SMG(3)
PrS
AG
0
MTG
LS
STG TS
STS SPtS
- 80
MTG
ITS + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery OA: Occipital artery PrG: Precentral gyrus
ITG
MxA 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
332
DiMp
OA - 50
SigS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr
Sagittal - MRI −50(−55mm)
L
R
L
PrS
PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
R
SPL
+ 80
IPS
IFG SMG
STS
MTG(1) 0
IFGtr
LS
ITG(1)
TS STG
STS
MTG(2) + 50
CeS: Central sulcus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
ITG(2)
ITS 0
SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
333
TTG - 50
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGop
Sagittal - Cadaver −52(−52mm)
R
L
R
CeS
PrG
+ 80
L
SMG(1)
PrS
SMG(2)
TTG
IFGop
IFGtr 0
AG(2)
LS TS
STG EV
SPtS STS
- 80
ITS + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly EV: Emissary vein IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery OA: Occipital artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus
MTG
MxA 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPtS: Superior petrosal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
334
TB
DiMp
OA - 50
SigS
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
AG(1)
Sagittal - MRI −52(−57mm)
L
R
L
R
+ 80
PrS SMG(2)
SMG(3)
AG 0
IFGtr
LS MTG(1)
STG
STS
MTG(2) + 50
ITG 0
AG: Angular gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus CeS: Central sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
335
TTG - 50
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGop
Sagittal - Cadaver −54(−54mm)
R
L
R
PrS
+ 80
PrG
CeS
PoG
PB
L
PoS SMG(1)
IFGop(1) TTG
SMG(2) IFGop(2)
AG
MTG(1) 0
IFGtr(2)
ITG LS TS
EV STG SigS
- 80
STS
MTG(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly EV: Emissary vein IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery OA: Occipital artery PB: Parietal bone
ITS
MxA 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TS: Transverse sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
336
DiMp
OA - 50
TB
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr(1)
Sagittal - MRI −54(−59mm)
L
R
L
R
+ 80
LS(1)
IFGop(1) SMG(2)
RIGHT
AG 0
MCVs
LS(1) MTG(1)
STG
STS + 50
MTG(2)
ITS 0
STG: Superior temporal gyrus AG: Angular gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus
337
ITG - 50
- 80
LEFT
IFGop(2)
Sagittal - Cadaver −56(−56mm)
R
L
R
PrS
+ 80
CeS
L
PoG
SMG(2) PrG
SMG(3)
TTG
IFGop
AG(1)
AG(2) 0
LS MTG
STG ITS(1)
STS SigS
- 80
MTG
ITS(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MxA: Maxillary artery PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
ITG
MxA 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
338
DiMp
TB - 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
IFGtr
Sagittal - MRI −56(−61mm)
L
R
L
Pr S
PoG
CeS
R
PoS
+ 80
SMG(1)
IFGop
SMG(2)
ANTERIOR
MTG(1) 0
LS
MTG(2)
STG STS + 50
MTG(3)
ITS - 80
ITG 0
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrS: Precentral sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
339
- 50
POSTERIOR
TTG
IFGtr
Sagittal - Cadaver −58(−58mm)
R
L
R
PrG
+ 80
CeS
PoG
PoS
PB
SMG(1)
L
SMG(2)
PrS
SMG(3)
TTG
IFGop
LS 0
STS
STG
SigS
MTG TB
- 80
MM + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MM: Masseter muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
ITG
ITS 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SigS: Sigmoid sinus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
340
DiMp - 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
AG
Sagittal - MRI −58(−63mm)
L
R
CeS
PoS
Po G
L
R
SMG(1)
+ 80
PrG
SMG(2)
IFGop(1)
SMG(3)
ANTERIOR
TTG MCVs 0
MTG(1) LS
STG ITS
STS
MTG(2) + 50
- 80
ITG 0
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
341
- 50
POSTERIOR
IFGop(2)
Sagittal - Cadaver −60(−60mm)
R
L
R
L
+ 80
SMG(2)
TTG
IFGop
SMG(3)
AG
LS(2) 0
MTG(1)
STG
ITS
MTG(2)
TB
- 80
MM
ITG + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MM: Masseter muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PaGl: Parotid gland PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
RMV 0
RMV: Retromandibular vein SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
342
PaGl
STS
SCM - 50
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
LS(1)
Sagittal - MRI −60(−65mm)
L
R
L
CeS
R
Po G
+ 80
SMG(2)
TTG PrG
MTG(1) 0
LS
ITS
MCVs
MTG(2) + 50
0
CeS: Central sulcus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MCVs: Superficial middle cerebral vein MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
343
ITS
STS - 50
- 80
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
STG
Chapter III Axial Images of Cadaver and Human Brain of 7.0 T MRI In Vivo
Axial Slices of the Cadaver
No.+62(+62mm) No.+60(+60mm) No.+58(+58mm) No.+56(+56mm) No.+54(+54mm) No.+52(+52mm) No.+50(+50mm) No.+48(+48mm) No.+46(+46mm) No.+44(+44mm) No.+42(+42mm) No.+40(+40mm) No.+38(+38mm) No.+36(+36mm) No.+34(+34mm) No.+32(+32mm) No.+30(+30mm) No.+28(+28mm) No.+26(+26mm) No.+24(+24mm) No.+22(+22mm) No.+20(+20mm) No.+18(+18mm) No.+16(+16mm) No.+14(+14mm) No.+12(+12mm) No.+10(+10mm) No. +8( +8mm) No. +6( +6mm) No. +4( +4mm) No. +2( +2mm) No. +0( +0mm) No. -2( -2mm) No. -4( -4mm) No. -6( -6mm) No. -8( -8mm) No. -10(-10mm) No. -12(-12mm) No. -14(-14mm) No. -16(-16mm) No. -18(-18mm) No. -20(-20mm) No. -22(-22mm) No. -24(-24mm) No. -26(-26mm) No. -28(-28mm) No. -30(-30mm) No. -32(-32mm) No. -34(-34mm) No. -36(-36mm) No. -38(-38mm) No. -40(-40mm) No. -42(-42mm) No. -44(-44mm) No. -46(-46mm) No. -48(-48mm) No. -50(-50mm) No. -52(-52mm) No. -54(-54mm) No. -56(-56mm) No. -58(-58mm)
Expanded view
Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view
Expanded view
Expanded view
Expanded view
346
Axial Slices of the 7.0 T MRI
No.+62(+66mm) No.+60(+64mm) No.+58(+62mm) No.+56(+60mm) No.+54(+58mm) No.+52(+56mm) No.+50(+54mm) No.+48(+52mm) No.+46(+50mm) No.+44(+48mm) No.+42(+46mm) No.+40(+44mm) No.+38(+42mm) No.+37(+40mm) No.+36(+38mm) No.+34(+36mm) No.+32(+34mm) No.+30(+32mm) No.+28(+30mm) No.+26(+28mm) No.+24(+26mm) No.+22(+24mm) No.+20(+22mm) No.+18(+20mm) No.+16(+18mm) No.+14(+16mm) No.+12(+14mm) No.+10(+12mm) No. +8(+10mm) No. +7( +8mm) No. +6( +6mm) No. +4( +4mm) No. +2( +2mm) No. +0( +0mm) No. -2( -2mm) No. -4( -4mm) No. -6( -6mm) No. -8( -8mm) No. -10(-10mm) No. -12(-12mm) No. -14(-14mm) No. -15(-16mm) No. -16(-18mm) No. -18(-20mm) No. -20(-22mm) No. -22(-24mm) No. -24(-26mm) No. -26(-28mm) No. -28(-30mm) No. -30(-32mm) No. -32(-34mm) No. -33(-36mm) No. -34(-38mm) No. -36(-40mm) No. -38(-42mm) No. -40(-44mm) No. -42(-46mm) No. -44(-48mm) No. -46(-50mm) No. -48(-52mm) No. -50(-54mm) No. -51(-56mm) No. -52(-58mm) No. -54(-60mm) No. -56(-62mm) No. -58(-64mm)
Expanded view
Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view Expanded view
Expanded view
Expanded view
347
Axial - Cadaver +62(+62mm)
R
L
A
SFG(1)
+ 80
CSu
FB
SSS
SFG(1)
P
SFG(2) PrS(1)
SFG(2)
MFG PrS PrS(2)
PrG(1)
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
0
PrG(2) CeS Dur
PoG
CeS
PoG PoS
PoS – 80
SPL
Dur + 50
ArG: Arachnoid granulation CeS: Central sulcus CSu: Coronal suture Dur: Dura mater FB: Frontal bone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PB: Parietal bone PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
SSS
SSu 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
348
PB
ArG
SPL – 50
Axial - MRI +62(+66mm)
R
L
A
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
SSS(1)
SFG(1)
P
SFG(2)
+ 80
PrS
SCV
PrG
PrS
0
PrG(1)
PoG SCV
PrG(2)
Pc PoG
MS + 50
CeS
SSS(2) 0
CeS: Central sulcus MS: Marginal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
349
– 80
SCV – 50
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +60(+60mm)
R
A
L
CSu
+ 80
SFG(1)
FB
SSS
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
Csu
P
SFS
SFG(2)
MFG
PrS
PrS
PrG(1)
PrG(2) LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
0
CeS CeS PB
PoG
PoG
SCV PoS
PoS SPL
– 80
MS
Pc(1)
Pc(2) + 50
ArG: Arachnoid granulation CeS: Central sulcus CSu: Coronal suture FB: Frontal bone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein
ArG
SSS
SSu 0
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
350
Pc(2)
Pc(1)
MS – 50
SPL
Axial - MRI +60(+64mm)
R
L
A
SFS
SFG(1)
CF
SSS
SFG(1)
P
SFS
+ 80
SFG(2) MFG
PrS
SCV
SCV SFG(2)
PrS 0
CeS
PrG(1)
PoG PrG(2)
CeS
MS + 50
PoG
SSS 0
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
351
MS
SCV – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +58(+58mm)
R
L
CSu
+ 80
A
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
SSS
CF
SFG(1) SFG(2)
Csu
P
SFS MFG
SFS
PrS MFG PrG(1) PrS PrG(2)
0
PrG(2)
CeS
CeS
PoG
PoG
PoS
SCV PoS
SPL SPL – 80
PaL
MS
Pc
+50
ArG: Arachnoid granulation CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CSu: Coronal suture MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein
ArG
SSu
SSS 0
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
352
SPL
Pc(2)
Pc(1) – 50
MS
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG(1)
Axial - MRI +58(+62mm)
R
L
A
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
SSS
SFG(1)
SCV(1)
P
SFG(2)
SFS
+ 80
SFS
PrS
MFG
PrG
PrS
0
PrG(1)
PoS
SCV(2) CeS
SPL
PoS PrG(2) + 50
MS
SSS 0
CeS: Central sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
353
MS
PoG – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +56(+56mm)
R
L
A
SFG(2)
+ 80
SFG(1)
CF
SSS(1)
FB
SFG(1) SFG(2)
SFS
P
SFG(3)
Csu
SFS
MFG
PrS
CSu
PrG(1)
MFG
PrG(2)
PrS(1)
0
PaL LEFT
RIGHT
PrS(2) PrG
CeS CeS
PB PoG
PoG
SCV SCV PoS
PoS
– 80
SPL(1)
SPL
MS
PaL + 50
ArG: Arachnoid granulation CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CSu: Coronal suture Dur: Dura mater FB: Frontal bone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
Pc
SSS(2) 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
354
SSu
ArG
Pc
MS
Dur – 50
SPL(2)
Axial - MRI +56(+60mm)
L
A
SFS
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
SSS
SFG
SFS
P
SCV
+ 80
MFG(1)
MFG
MFG(2)
RIGHT
PrS
PrS 0
PrG PrG
CeS
PoG
PoS
PoG
MS + 50
SSS 0
CeS: Central sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
355
MS
CeS – 50
PoS
– 80
LEFT
R
Axial - Cadaver +54(+54mm)
R
L
A
MFG
+ 80
SFS
SFG
SSS(1)
FB
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
SFS
P
MFG
CSu
PB
PrS(1)
PrS PrS(2) PrG(1) PrG
PB(2)
0 CeS
CeS PoG PoG PoS SCV
CF
PoS
SPL
PaL
– 80
PaL
MS + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CSu: Coronal suture FB: Frontal bone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
Pc(1)
Pc(2)
SSS(2) 0
SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
356
Pc(2)
Pc(1)
MS – 50
SPL
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG(2)
Axial - MRI +54(+58mm)
R
L
MFG(2)
A
SFS
SFG(1)
CF
SSS
SFG(1)
SFS
P
SFG(2)
+ 80
PaL(1)
PrS MFG
SCV
PrS
PrG
0
PrG
CeS
CeS PoG
PoG
PoS
SMG IPS SPL
MS
Pc + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
PaL(2)
SSS 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
357
PaL(2)
Pc
SPL(2) – 50
MS
SPL
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PaL(1)
Axial - Cadaver +52(+52mm)
R
L
MFG
+ 80
A
SFS(2)
SFS(1)
SFG(1)
CF
SSS(1)
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
P
SFS
MFG
SFG(2)
PrS PrS
PrG
0
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
CeS CeS
PoG PoG PoS SCV SMG PoS IPS
SPL
– 80
SPL(1)
SPL(2)
PaL + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
MS
Pc(2)
Pc(1)
SSS(2) 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
358
Pc(1)
Pc(2)
MS – 50
PaL
Axial - MRI +52(+56mm)
R
L
A
SFG(2)
SFS
SFG(1)
CF
SSS(1)
SFG(1)
SFS
P
SFG(2)
+ 80
MFG PaL(1)
MFG SCV
PrS PaL(1)
PrG
0
PrG CeS CeS PoG PoG
PoS IPS
SMG
SMG
IPS
SPL
MS + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
Pc
PaL(2)
SSS(2) 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
359
Pc
MS
PaL(2) – 50
SPL
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrS
Axial - Cadaver +50(+50mm)
R
L
MFG
+ 80
SFS(2)
A
SFS(1)
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
CF
SSS(1)
FB
SFG(1)
P
SFS SFG(2)
PrS(1)
MFG
PrS(2)
PrG PrS
CeS PrG
0
CeS SMG(1) PB PoS PoG SMG(2) SCV IPS PoS
SPL SPL
– 80
AG
MS
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx FB: Frontal bone IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
Pc(1)
Pc(2)
SSS(2) 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
360
Pc(2)
Pc(1)
MS – 50
PaL
LEFT
RIGHT
PoG
Axial - MRI +50(+54mm)
R
L
A
SFS
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
CF
SFG(1)
SSS
SFG(2)
P
SFS
+ 80
MFG
MFG(1)
SCV
MFG(2)
PaL(1)
PrS
PrG 0
PrG
CeS
CeS
PoG
PoS
PoS IPS
SMG
SMG IPS SPL
MS + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SCV: Superior cerebral vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
Pc
PaL(2)
SSS 0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
361
Pc
PaL(2)
MS – 50
SPL
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PaL(1)
Axial - Cadaver +48(+48mm)
R
L
CF
+ 80
A
SFS(2) SFS(1)
SFG(2)
SSS(1)
SFG(1)
SFG
SFS
P
PaL(1)
MFG
MFG
PrS
PrG PaL(1)
PB
CeS 0
CeS PoG PoG PoS PoS SPL(1) SPL(1) IPS
PaL(2)
SMG
– 80
PaL(2)
SPL(2)
POS
+ 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
MS
Pc(1) Pc(2)
SSS(2) Pc(2) 0
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
362
Pc(1)
MS – 50
SPL(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - MRI +48(+52mm)
R
L
SFG(2)
SFS
SFG(1)
SSS
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
A
P
SFS
+ 80
MFG MFG
PaL(1) CF
PrS
PrS
PrG 0
CeS CeS
PoG PoG
PoS PoS
SPL SPL PaL(1)
Pc + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
MS
PaL(2) 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
363
SSS
Pc
MS
PaL(2) – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +46(+46mm)
R
L
A
MFG(1)
+ 80
SFS(1)
SFG(2)
SFG(1)
FB
SSS
SFG(1)
SFS
P
SFG(2)
MFG
SFS(2) MFG(2) PaL(1)
PrS PrS
PaL(1) PrG
CeS 0
CeS PB PoG PoS
PoG
SMG
PoS
CF SPL(1) IPS SPL(1)
PaL(2)
AG SPL(2) – 80
IPS
SPL(2)
MS
POS Pc(1)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx FB: Frontal bone IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
Pc(2) PaL(2)
SSu SSS 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
364
Pc(2)
POS
Pc(1) – 50
MS
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - MRI +46(+50mm)
R
L
A
SFG(2)
SFS
SFG(1)
CF
SSS
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
P
SFS
+ 80
MFG(1) MFG
MFG(2) PaL(1)
PrS PrS
PrG
0
CeS CeS
PoG PoG
PoS PaL(2)
SPL SPL(1)
PaL(1)
PaL(2)
MS
+ 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
Pc
SSS
Pc(2) 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
365
Pc(1)
MS
SPL(2) – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +44(+44mm)
R
L
MFG(1)
+ 80
A
SFS
CF
SFG
SSS(1) FB
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
SFS
MFG(1)
P
PaL(1)
MFG(2) CSu
Csu
PrS
MFG(2)
PB PrS PrG
Dur
CeS
RIGHT
0
PB
PoS
CeS PaL
PoG
SMG(1) PoS SPL(1) SPL(1) SMG(2) PaL(2) MS SPL(2)
IPS(1)
– 80
AG IPS(2)
SPL(2)
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CSu: Coronal suture Dur: Dura mater FB: Frontal bone IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus
Pc(1) Pc(2) SSS(2) SSu 0
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
366
Pc(2)
POS
Pc(1)
MS – 50
SPL(3)
LEFT
PrG
PoG
Axial - MRI +44(+48mm)
R
L
SFS
A
SFG(3)
SFG(2)
SFG(1) SSS(1)
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
P
MFG
+ 80
MFG SFS
PrS PrG
PrG
CeS(1) CeS
0
CeS(2) PoG PoG
PoS PoS
PaL SPL
CF
PaL + 50
CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
MS
Pc
SSS(2) 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
367
Pc(2)
Pc(1)
MS – 50
SPL
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +42(+42mm)
R
L
MFG(1)
+ 80
A
SFS
SFG
SSS(1)
SFG
SFS
PCG(1)
PCG(2)
P
MFG(1)
MFG(2) MFG(2) PrS
PrS PrG
CeS
PrG
0
CeS
PoS
PB
PoG
SMG(1)
PaL(1) CF
PoS
SMG(2)
SPL(1) PaL(2)
PaL SPL(1)
SPL(2)
AG – 80
IPS MS
IPS
SPL(2)
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus OL: Occipital lobe PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus
Pc(1)
Pc(2) SSS(2) 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
368
Pc OL POS
SPL(3)
MS – 50
SMG
LEFT
RIGHT
PoG
Axial - MRI +42(+46mm)
R
L
SFS
SFG
CG
SSS
CS
SFG
CS
A
P
SFS
+ 80
MFG(1)
MFG(1)
MFG(2)
MFG(2)
PrS PrS PrG
0
CeS
PoG
PoS
PoG
SMG
PoS
IPS
SPL(1)
SPL(1) SPL(2)
CF IPS(1) SPL(2)
PaL
SPL(3)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
MS
Pc
SSS 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
369
Pc
MS SPL(3)
PaL
IPS(2) – 50
AG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG CeS
Axial - Cadaver +40(+40mm)
R
+ 80
L
A
PcG(3) MFG(1) PcG(2) PCG(1) SFG SFS
CF SSS(1)
PCG(1) SFG CMA
MFG(1) PcG(2)
P
MFG(2)
PaL MFG(2)
MFG(3) MFG(3)
Cso PrS PrS PaL PrG
CeS
CeS 0
PB PoG PoG
LS
PCG(3) PoS SPL(1) SMG MS MS SMG(1)
SPL(1) Pc
SPL(2) AG IPS – 80
IPS
SPL(2)
POS SPL(3)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CMA: Callosomarginal artery Cso: Centrum semiovale IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus
OL SSS(2) 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
370
Pc POS
SPL(3)
Pc – 50
SMG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - MRI +40(+44mm)
R
L
A
MFG(1)
SFS
CG(1)
SFG
CF
SSS
SFG(1)
PCG
SFG(2)
P
SFS
+ 80
MFG(1) MFG(2)
MFG(2) MFG(3)
PrS
PrS
RIGHT
PoG
CeS 0
PoG CeS
PoS
PoS
SPL(1) SMG
IPS
IPS
AG CG(2)
SPL(1)
PaL
SPL(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
MS
Pc
SSS 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
371
Pc
MS
SPL(2)
PaL – 50
CG
– 80
LEFT
PrG
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +38(+38mm)
R
L
A
CMA
+ 80
MFG(1)
SFG
SFS
CG(1)
FB SSS(1)SFG(1) SFG(2)
CMA
CS
P
PCG
CG(2) MFG(1)
MFG(2)
CG(2)
CF
PrS
MFG(2)
PrS
CS
RIGHT
PrG
PrG
0
CeS
CeS
PoG LS PoS PoS PaL SMG(1) SMG PaL AG(1)
CS
SMG(2) – 80
IPS
SPL
AG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CS: Cingulate sulcus FB: Frontal bone IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PaL: Paracentral lobule PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus
POS
Pc
SSS(2) 0
PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
372
Pc
SPL
AG(2) – 50
IPS
LEFT
PB
Axial - MRI +38(+42mm)
R
L
A
MFG(1)
SFS
SSS
SFG(2) SFG(1) CMA
CF
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
P
CS
+ 80
CS
SFS
CG(1)
MFG(2)
MFG(1) IFS MFG(2)
CG(1)
PrS
PrS
PrG 0
PrG
CeS
CeS PoG PoG PoS PoS
SPL(1) SMG
IPS CG(2) IPS
MS
SPL
Pc
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PaL: Paracentral lobule Pc: Precuneus
Pc
SSS 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
373
Pc
MS
PaL
CG(2)
SPL(2) – 50
AG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGop
Axial - Cadaver +37(+37mm)
R
L
A
MFG(1)
+ 80
SFG
FB
SFS
CF SSS(1) PCG(1) SFG
CG(1)
CS
MFG(1)
P
CG(2)
CS MFG(2) CG(1)
PCG(2)
MFG(2)
PrS PB PrG PrS CG(2) PrG
PoG(1) 0
PoS
CeS PoG(2)
CeS PoS LS LS SMG(1) MS SMG(2) Pc(1)
CG(3) AG(1) – 80
AG(1)
IPS
AG(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus FB: Frontal bone IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus
POS
Pc
SSu SSS(2) 0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
374
Pc(2)
SPL
IPS – 50
AG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
PoG
Axial - MRI +37(+40mm)
R
L
A
CG(1)
MFG(1)
SFS
SFG
SSS
CMA
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
SFS
P
MFG(1)
MFG(2)
+ 80
CG(1)
MFG(2) IFS IFGop IFGop
PrS
PrG
PrG
CeS
0
PoG CeS SMG(1) PoG
PoS
IPS(1)
PoS
SPL(1) SMG IPS(2)
AG IPS(1)
IPS(2)
SPL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
CG(2)
Pc
Pc(2) Pc(1) 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
375
SPL(2)
MS
AG – 50
CG(2)
SMG(2)
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrS
Axial - Cadaver +36(+36mm)
R
L
A
MFG(1)
+ 80
FB
SFS
SFG
SSS
CF
SFG
CG(1)
CS
MFG(1)
P
CG(2)
CS MFG(2)
CG(1) MS MFG(2) PB PrS PrS
PrG
PoG
CeS
PoS
PoG(1)
CeS
PoG(2)
0
LS
PoS LS
SMG(1) SMG(1) SMG(2) SMG(2) AG(1) AG(1) – 80
CG(2)
IPS
AG(2)
SPS
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus FB: Frontal bone IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus
Pc(1)
Pc(2)
SSu SSS 0
POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus SSu: Sagittal suture
376
Pc
SPL
IPS – 50
AG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - MRI +36(+38mm)
R
L
A
CG(1)
MFG(1)
SFS
SFG
SSS CMA
SFG(1)
SFG(2)
P
SFS
MFG(1)
IFS
+ 80
CG(1)
MFG(2) IFGop
IFGop PrS PrS PrG
CeS CeS PoG
0
PoS
SMG(1)
PoS
IPS(1)
SPL(1) SMG
IPS(2) IPS(1) SMG(2) AG
IPS(2)
SPL
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
CG(2)
Pc
Pc(2) 0
PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
377
MS SPL(2)
Pc(1)
AG – 50
CG(2)
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +34(+34mm)
R
L
A
CF
+ 80
MFG(1)
FB
SFS
SSS
SFG
PcG SFG
CG(1)
CS
SFS
P
MFG(1)
MFG(2)
MFG(2)
CG(1) IFGop
MFG(3)
IFGop
PrS
PrS PrG PrG CeS
PoG(1)
PoG 0
PoG(2)
PoS
PB LS
PoS LS
CG CG(2) SMG SMG SPS
Pc(1)
AG AG
– 80
SPL
IPS
OL
Pc(1)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus FB: Frontal bone IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus OL: Occipital lobe PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus
Pc(2)
SSS 0
PcG: Paracingulate gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
378
SPS
POS
OL
IPS – 50
Pc(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - MRI +34(+36mm)
R
L
A
MFG(2)
CG
MFG(1)
SFS
CS(1)
SSS(1) CS
SFG
CG(1)
SFS
MFG(1)
P
MFG(2)
+ 80
IFS CG(2)
IFGop
IFS
Cso
IFGop
RIGHT
PrG
PrG
CeS
CeS 0
PoG
PoG
PoS
PoS
SMG(1)
SMG(1)
SPL(1) IPS(1)
IPS(1)
SMG(2)
IPS(2)
AG
CS(2)
MS
+ 50 AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cso: Centrum semiovale IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MS: Marginal sulcus Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
SPL SPS
SSS(2) SPS 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
379
Pc
SPL(2) IPS(2)
MS – 50
AG
SMG(2) – 80
LEFT
PrS
PrS
Axial - Cadaver +32(+32mm)
R
L
A
CS
+ 80
FB
MFG(1) SFS
SFG
SSS
CF
SFG
PCG
CS
CG(1)
CG(1)
P
MFG(1) MFG(2)
MFG(2) IFGop Cso PrS
PrS
PB
PrG
RIGHT
CeS
PoG 0
PoG SMG(1) PoS LS LS SMG(2) CG(2)
CG(2)
SMG
SMG(3) AG(1)
SPS
SPS – 80
AG AG(2)
IPS
Pc
POS Cu
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cso: Centrum semiovale Cu: Cuneus FB: Frontal bone IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PB: Parietal bone
SSS 0
Pc: Precuneus PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
380
Pc
Cu
POS
SPL
IPS – 50
LEFT
PrG
CeS
Axial - MRI +32(+34mm)
R
L
CS(1)
A
MFG(1)
SFS SFG(2) SFG(1) CMA SSS
CMA CS(1)
SFG
SFS
P
MFG(1)
MFG(2)
+ 80
CG(1)
MFG(2)
IFS
IFGop(1)
IFS
PcA
IFGop
IFGop(2) PrS PrS PrG
CeS PoS
0
PoG
SMG(1) PoS CG(2) SMG IPS(1) SPL(1) SMG(2)
IPS(1)
CS(2) AG
IPS(2)
SPS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus
CG(3)
Pc
SSS 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
381
SPS Pc
SPL(2) CS(2)
IPS(2) – 50
AG
FOF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG CeS
Axial - Cadaver +30(+30mm)
R
L
MFG(2)
+ 80
A
PaCG MFG(1)
SFS
FB
SFG
SSS(1) CS PCG SFG
CG(1) SFS
CG(2)
CG
P
MFG IFS
CS FOF MFG(3) IFGop IFS PrS IFGop CeS
PrS
PB
PrG
RIGHT
CeS
CG(3)
0
PoG(2) FOF PoS LS LS SMG(1)
SMG(1)
CF SMG(2) SMG(2) SPS(1) CG SPS(2) AG – 80
AG(1)
AG(2)
Pc
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus FB: Frontal bone FOF:Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
Cu
SSS(2) 0
PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
382
Pc
Cu
POS
SPL
SPS – 50
LEFT
PoG(1)
PoG
Axial - MRI +30(+32mm)
R
L
MFG(2)
A
CG(1)
MFG(1)
SFS
SFG
CMA
CS(1)
CMA
SFG
SFS
CG(1)
P
MFG
+ 80
IFS IFS CG(2) IFGop IFGop(1) PrS IFGop(2)
PrG
PrS
PoG 0
PoS
CeS(1)
FOF
SMG
CS(1)
PoS
SMG
FOF
IPS(1) CS(2) AG
AG
CG(2)
IPS(2)
CS(2) + 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
SPL
SPS
Pc
SSS 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
383
Pc
SPS
SPL – 50
IPS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +30(+30mm)
R
L
SFS
+ 44
A
CS
SFG
CF
PcG
CS
SFS
MFG(1)
P
MFG(1)
CG(3)
MFG(2) MFG(2) CG MFG IFS IFS IFGop
IFGop
FOF
CG(1) 0
SLF CG(2) CG(2) CG(3)
CS
SMG LS
SMG – 36
SPS + 30
SPS 0
SMG: Supramarginal gyrus AG: Angular gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PcG: Paracingulate gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus
384
AG – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
CG(1)
Axial - MRI +30(+32mm)
R
L
A
CS
CS
P
CMA
+ 44
PcA CG CF
CCF LCF
CG
FOF
0
CS
SLF SLF
CS
SPS + 30
CF 0
CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure PcA: Pericallosal artery SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SPS: Subparietal sulcus
385
SupS
CG – 30
– 36
LEFT
RIGHT
FOF
Axial - Cadaver +28(+28mm)
R
+ 80
L
MFG(1)
SFS(2)
A
CG(1)
MFG
SFS(1) SFG
CS
SSS
CS SFG
CG(1) SFS
FB
P
CG(2) MFG Cu
MFG(2)
IFS IFGop(1)
PrG
IFGop(2) LVb
PrS PrG
CeS
0
CeS CG(2) PoG LS
PoS
SMG(1)
LS
SLF
SLF SMG(1)
SMG(2) SMG(2) CF CG(3) AG CG(4) – 80
CG(3)
SPS
Pc
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus FB: Frontal bone FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus
Cu
SSS 0
PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
386
Cu Pc(2)
Pc(1)
AG(2)
SPS – 50
AG(1)
LEFT
RIGHT
PB PoG
Axial - MRI +28(+30mm)
R
L
MFG(2)
A
CS(2)
MFG(1)
SFS SFG CS(1) CMA
PcA
CS(1)
SFG
CS(2)
SFS
P
Cg
CCF
+ 80
IFS IFS IFGtr IFGop IFGop(1) PrS
IFGop(2) PrS
PrG CCF
PoG 0
CeS PoG
PoG PoS SMG(1) SMG LS
CG(1) SMG(2) IPS(1)
SMG(3) AG(1)
CG(2)
AG(2)
IPS(2)
SPL(1)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CS: Cingulate sulcus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure
LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus
SPS SPL(2) Pc
Pc LCF 0
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus
387
POS
SPS
SPL
CS(3)
– 50
FOF
SLF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +26(+26mm)
R
L
MFG
+ 80
A
SFS
Cg
SSS
SFG(2) CS SFG (1)
CF
CG(1)
FB
CS
SFS
P
MFG
IFS
CG(2) IFGop IFS PrS CNb PrG IFGop CeS
PrS
0
PB CeS
LVb
PoG(1) LS PoG(2) SMG(1)
PoS
SMG(2)
LS
CG SMG(1) SPS SLF AG(1)
– 80
Pc(1)
AG(2)
POS
Pc(2)
+ 50 AG: Angular gyrus CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus FB: Frontal bone IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus LamS: Lambdoid suture
LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus
LamS
SSS
Cu
0 SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
388
Pc
POS
CG(2)
AG(2) – 50
AG(1)
SMG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
PoG
Axial - MRI +26(+28mm)
R
L
IFS
A
MFG(2)
MFG(1)
SFS
SFG
CS PcA
CG(1)
CS
SFG
SFS
MFG(1)
P
IFS
+ 80
MFG(1) IFGtr CG(2) IFGop(1) IFGop(1) CCF Cg IFGop(2) IFGop(2) PrS PrS PrG
CeS CeS PoG
PoG
PoS
PoS
0
SMG(1) SMG LS LS CG(1) SLF SMG(2) SMG(2) CG(3)
AG(1)
AG(1)
CG(2) AG(2)
SPL(1)
SPS
SPL(2) POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CS: Cingulate sulcus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery
Pc
SSS
Pc POS
0
PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
389
SPL(2)
SPS
SPL(1)
– 50
CG(4)
AG(2)
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +24(+24mm)
R
L
MFG(2)
+ 80
A
MFG(1)
SFS
CG
SFG
CS CF
SSS
SFG
CG(1) CeS
SFS
P
FB
MFG(1)
IFGtr MFG(2)
CSu IFS IFGop
IFGtr
PrG
PB IFGop
CeS
RIGHT
CeS
CR
0
FOF
SLF
CNb
LS
SMG(1) LS
SMG(1)
SMG(2) TTG LVb LVb LCF
SMG(2) AG – 80
AG(1) CCF
SPS
ISS
Pc
LamS Cu
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CR: Corona radiata CS: Cingulate sulcus CSu: Coronal suture Cu: Cuneus FB: Frontal bone FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus
IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LamS: Lambdoid suture LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus
SSS
Cu
POS
0
PrG: Precentral gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
390
Pc
SPS
AG(2) – 50
CG(2)
LEFT
PrG PoG
Axial - MRI +24(+26mm)
R
L
MFG(2)
A
Cg(1) MFG(1)
SFG SFS
CS
CMA
SSS(1) CeS
PcA SFG
SFS
Cg(1)
P
MFG IFS
+ 80
IFS IFGtr(1)
IFGtr(2) IFGtr
CG IFGop(1)
Cg(2)
Cg(2)
IFGop
IFGop(2)
PrS
PrS
PrG
CeS
0
PoG PoS
PoS
SMG(1)
SMG(1)
LS CCF SLF LS SMG(2) SMG(2) SMG(3) PcA AG
IPS
SPL Cg(3)
SPS POS
+ 50
AG : Angular gyrus CCF : Corpus callosum fiber CeS : Central sulcus CG : Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CMA : Callosomarginal artery CS : Cingulate sulcus IFGop : Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr : Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS : Inferior frontal sulcus IPS : Intraparietal sulcus LS : Lateral sulcus MFG : Middle frontal gyrus
Pc : Precuneus PcA : Pericallosal artery PoG : Postcentral gyrus POS : Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS : Postcentral sulcus PrG : Precentral gyrus PrS : Precentral sulcus SFG : Superior frontal gyrus SFS : Superior frontal sulcus SLF : Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL : Superior parietal lobule SPS : Subparietal sulcus
Pc
SSS(2) 0
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
391
POS
SPS
SPL – 50
Cg(2)
IPS
AG – 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG CeS
Axial - Cadaver +22(+22mm)
R
L
CCb
+ 80
A
SFS
CS SFG CG(1) PaCG SSS(1) CF
SFG
CeS
SFS MFG(1)
PcA
P
MFG(2)
MFG MFG(3)
IFS IFS
0
IFGtr
PrS
IFGop(1)
PrG
IFGop(2)
CeS
PrS
PoG
CNb
CR
CeS PB
TTG SMG(1)
LS
LS LVb SMG(2) CG(2)
SMG(3)
PcA
SPS
AG(1) ISS – 80
AG
Pc
LOG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CR: Corona radiata CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus FOF:Fronto-occipital fasciculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PB: Parietal bone Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
Cu
CF SSS(2)
Cu
0
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
392
POS
LOG
Pc – 50
AG(2)
SPS
LEFT
RIGHT
FOF
Axial - MRI +22(+24mm)
R
L
CCb
A
MFG
CG
SFS
SFG
CS CMA
CG(1)
CeS SFG
SFS
P
MFG
+ 80
PcA IFS IFS CNb
IFGtr(1) IFGtr(2) IFGop(1)
PrS TSV PrG
IFGop(2) PrS
CeS
PoG
0
CeS
PoS
PoS
SMG(1)
SMG(1) LS
SLF
LS
SMG(2)
SLF
SMG(2)
AG(1)
CCF
AG(2) Cg
IPS
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCF: Corpus callosum fiber CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LS: Lateral sulcus MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus
SPS
Cu
Pc 0
SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus TSV: Thalamostriate vein
393
POS
ISS
SPL
SPS – 50
CG(2)
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - Cadaver +20(+20mm)
R
L
PcA
+ 80
A
CG
SFS
CS
CF(1) SSS(1) LCF
SFG
CS
SFS
CG(1)
P
MFG(1) CG(2)
IFS MFG(2) IFGtr IFS IFGop
LVb
PrS
IFGop(1)
PrG PrS CNb
SLF
CeS
0
PoG
LS
CR
TTG
SMG(1) SMG
LS
TSV SMG(2) CCb SMG(3) PcA
CGrs SPS
PCG AG(1) – 80
SPS
Pc
SS
LOG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs:Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CR: Corona radiata CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus Prg: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus
CF(2)
SSS(2)
Cu
POS
0
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
394
LOG
AG(3)
ISS – 50
AG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - MRI +20(+22mm)
R
L
IFGtr(1)
A
IFS
MFG
SFS
SFG
CeS
CG SSS
CMA
SFG
PcA
P
SFS
+ 80
MFG
IFGtr(2)
IFS IFGtr
CNb
CG(1) IFGop(1) CCb IFGop(2)
PrG
CNh
CeS
PrS
PrG
CeS 0
PoS
PoS
SMG(1) SMG(1) SLF SLF LVb LS LS SMG(2) SMG(2) AG AG(1)
CG(2)
IPS
AG(2)
SPL
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part Ifs: Inferior frontal sulcus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus
LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus
Pc Cu
SSS
Cu Pc
0
SPL: Superior parietal lobule SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
395
Cu
POS
SPS – 50
SPL
ISS
IPS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
IFGop
Axial - Cadaver +20(+20mm)
R
L
IFS
+ 44
A
CG
CS
CF
P
LCF CG
Cg IFG
MFG PcA
Fmi
CCtg
CNb
CCb
SLF 0
LVb CR
TTG(1)
TSV
CNb
TTG(2)
LVtt
CP
CCs PcA – 36
Fmj
CGrs + 30
CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CCtg: Corpus callosum, toward the genu CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CGrs: Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CP: Choroid plexus CR: Corona radiata CS: Cingulate sulcus Fmi: Forceps minor
SPS
PCG
SS 0
TSV: Thalamostriate vein Fmj: Forceps major TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LVb: Lateral ventricle, body LVtt: Lateral ventricle, toward the trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus PcA: Pericallosal artery PCG: Posterior cingulate gyrus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus
396
ISS
SPS
CG – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
SLF
Axial - MRI +20(+22mm)
R
L
A
CG
LCF
CeS
PcA
P
CG
CCtg
+ 44
LCF
CCb
CNb
CNb CR
TSV
TSV
CR
0
CCs SLF LVb
ICV
CG + 30
ISS 0
PcA: Pericallosal artery CCb: Corpus callosum, body SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CCtg: Corpus callosum, toward the genu TSV: Thalamostriate vein CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CNb: Caudate nucleus, body CR: Corona radiata CS: Cingulate sulcus ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
397
CS
– 36
Cg – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
CCb
Axial - Cadaver +18(+18mm)
R
L
PcA
+ 80
A
MFG(1) CG(1) SFS
SFG
CS SSS(1) CCg SFG
CeS
SFG
CG
P
LVa MFG
MFG(2)
IFGtr IFS
IFGtr CNh IFGop IFGop
PrS IC
PrS PrG
Cl 0
CeS TSV PoG
LS
IC TTG(1) SMG(1) SMG LS TTG(2) SMG(2) CP CCs AG(1) AG(1) CG(2)
Scc
AG(2) – 80
ISS
POS
LOG
SS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CP: Choroid plexus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus IC: Internal capsule IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part
IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum
Cu
SSS(2)
Pc
0
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
398
LOG
POS
AG(3) – 50
SupS
AG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - MRI +18(+20mm)
R
L
IFS
A
MFG(2)
MFG(1)
SFS
SMG
CS
SSS
CS
CMA
SFG
P
SFS
+ 80
IFGtr(1)
IFS
IFGtr(2)
PcA
CG(1)
SLF CNh
CCb
IFGop(1) LVa
IFGop(2)
PrG
IC
CeS
PoG 0
PoS TSV SLF SMG(1) IN
LS
SMG(2) LS
LVb
SMG(3)
Scc
LVb AG
CG(2)
CCs ISS
IPS
LOG
POS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCb: Corpus callosum, body CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus IC: Internal capsule IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus
IN: Insula IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus
Pc
SSS
Cu 0
PrG: Precentral gyrus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TSV: Thalamostriate vein
399
POS SPL(2)
SPL(1) – 50
IPS
AG
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +16(+16mm)
R
L
MFG (2)
+ 80
A
MFG (1) CG (1) SFS
SFG
CS
PcA SSS CF
SFG
CS
SFS
ACA
P
CG MFG
CCg
Fmi IFS
IFS
SP
IFGtr
IFGop
CNh LVa
TSV
IFGop
CeS
TM PrG CeS
Cl
0
Pu PoG
LS ICg
STG
LS SMG (1)
Jsm+stg TTG
SZ
Fxb
SMG (2)
SMG (3)
LVtr
LP
AG
AG (1) – 80
CCs
CG (2)
LOG
POS
Cu
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AG: Angular gyrus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus EC: External capsule Fmi: Forceps minor
Fmj: Forceps major Fxb: Fornix, body ICg: Internal capsule, genu IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus Jsm+stg: Junction of supramarginal and superior temporal gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone
SG SSS
Pc
0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SG: Straight gyrus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum
400
Cu LOG
SupS
AG (2) – 50
SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus SZ: Stratum zonale TM: Temporal muscle TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
Scc
Fmj
LEFT
RIGHT
EC
Axial - MRI +16(+18mm)
R
L
IFS
A
MFG
SFS
Fmi
SFG
CS
PcA SSS CMA CS(1) SFG CS(2)
SFS
P
IFS
IFGop(1)
+ 80
CG(1)
CC
CNh
IFGop(2)
IFGtr
IFGop(1)
LVa
IN IFGop(2)
PrS
PrG
RIGHT
CeS PoG
0
AN
SMG(1)
PoS
TTG
IC
LS Fxb
SMG(2)
LS
SLF
LVb
SMG(3) LP
AG(1) CCs
DM ISS
AG(2)
SPS
LOG(1) LOG(2)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AN: Anterior nucleus CC: Corpus callosum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fmi: Forceps minor Fmj: Forceps major
Fxb: Fornix, body IC: Internal capsule IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula IPS: Intraparietal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
Cu
SSS Pc SPS 0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SLF: Superior longitudinal fasciculus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPL: Superior parietal lobule
401
SPL(2) POS SPL(1) IPS – 50
SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
CG(2)
Fmj
– 80
LEFT
TSV
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +16(+16mm)
R
L
A
CCg
+ 44
PcA
CMA
CS
P
CG
LVa ICa
CNh TSV
SP EC CSP
Cl EmC
Pu TcG
LP Fxb
0
INlg PaCG ICp LP
TTG LS
CP
SZ
FOF – 36
LVtr CG
SPS
+ 30
CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CP: Choroid plexus CS: Cingulate sulcus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body GCV: Great cerebral vein
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb INIg: Insula, long gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen SP: Septum pellucidum SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus
GCV
SS 0
SZ: Stratum zonale TcG: Transcapsular gray TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
402
CCs – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
ICg
Axial - MRI +16(+18mm)
R
L
A
CS
CNh
Pc A
CC
CG
P
SP
ICa
+ 44
LVa
TSV AN
Fxb
DM
IN
0
INlg
LP
CPlv
CNt
Hic LVb
FOF
CCs + 30
AN: Anterior nucleus CC: Corpus callosum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CPlv: Choroid plexus in the lateral Ventricle CS: Cingulate sulcus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus FOF: Fronto-occipital fasciculus Fxb: Fornix, body Hic: Hippocampus, commissure
Scc
ISS
CG 0
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IN: Insula INlg: Insula, long gyrus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body PcA: Pericallosal artery Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SP: Septum pellucidum TSV: Thalamostriate vein
403
+ 36
PcA – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
CeSIN
Axial - Cadaver +14(+14mm)
R
L
LVa
+ 80
A
MFG(2)
MFG(1) Fmi
SFG CeS
CF
CG
SFG SFS CCg
SP
AvN
AN
P
VA
ICa
IFS IFS IFGtr IFGtr
Pu IFGop(1)
TSV
EC
IFGop
IFGop(2) Fxb Cl
INsg
RIGHT
0
CeSIN
CeS
LS
PoG
INlg
ICg
STG(2)
LS TTG(1)
TTG
LP
STG(1) DM
TTG(2)
Fxcr SMG(1) AG(1)
IML
Tp SMG(2) CCs
Fxcr LVtr
Fmj – 80
SPS
AG(1) AG(2)
CG
POS
Cu
LOG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AN: Anterior nucleus AvN: Anteroventral nucleus CbllF: Cerebellar falx CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
EC: External capsule Fmi: Forceps minor Fmj: Forceps major Fxb: Fornix, body Fxcr: Fornix, crus GCV: Great cerebral vein ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IML: Internal medullary lamina IN: Insula
SS
CbllF
SSS
Cu
0
INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LP: Lateral posterior nucleus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen
404
LOG(2) GCV LOG(1) – 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus Tp: Tapetum TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
Pc
AG(2)
LEFT
PrG
CeS
Axial - MRI +14(+16mm)
R
L
IFGt r (1)
A
CN h
MFG
LVa SFS
CG
SFG SSS
CMA
CS
PcA
SFS
P
CG(1) IFS
ICa
+ 80
CC
IFGtr(2) LVa TSV Pu
IFGop(1)
PrS IFGop(2)
AN
VA
PrG
RIGHT
ICg DM
0
PoG
PoS CirS
PoS
Fxb
SMG(1) LS
LS STG
SMG(2) LVtr SFG Tp AG(1)
CNt
Scc AG(2)
SPS
POS
LOG
Pc
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AN: Anterior nucleus CC: Corpus callosum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CirS: Circular sulcus of insula CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
Fxb: Fornix, body ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus Pc: Precuneus
Cu
SSS ISS LOG
POS
0
PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
405
CG(2) – 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus Tp: Tapetum TSV: Thalamostriate vein VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
CCs
LVtr
– 80
LEFT
CeS
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +12(+12mm)
R
L
Fxc
+ 80
A
MFG(2)
MFG(1) CG
CS
SFG
CCg
CF PcA SFS(1) CS
MFG SFS(2)
P
LVa CNh
IFS
IFS
IFGtr
ICa
TSV IFGop
IFGop INsg
EC
PrG Cl
CeS
LS 0
INlg
PoG
TTG
LS
STG PT STS Fxcr MTG(1) SMG MTG(2) AG(1)
AG(1) SPS
SPS
POS – 80
AG(2) Pc
LOG(1)
LOG(2)
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CeS: Central sulcus CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus EC: External capsule Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus
GCV: Great cerebral vein ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus Pc: Precuneus
GCV
SSS
SS Cu
0
PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PT: Planum temporale SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
406
LOG(2)
LOG(1) – 50
TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
AG(2)
LEFT
RIGHT
CeSIN
Axial - MRI +12(+14mm)
R
L
A
IFS
MFG
SFS
CG
CS
SFG
SSS CMA CS
SFS
PcA
P
SFS
MFG
+ 80
IFGtr(1) IFS CNh
CC
IFGtr(2)
LVa
SP IFGop(1) ICa IFGop(2)
PrS
PrG CeS
Pu INlg 0
PoG PoS PoS
SMG(1) INlg LS SMG(1) SMG(2)
LS
AG(1) STG
OR
AG(1)
POS
AG(2)
AG(2) ILF
OR
AG(3)
Pc
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CC: Corpus callosum CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CS: Cingulate sulcus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head Cu: Cuneus EC: External capsule ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part
IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus
POS SPS
SSS 0
PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum SPS: Subparietal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
407
Cu
LOG
CalS
LOG – 50
IPS
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
EC CeS
Axial - Cadaver +12(+12mm)
R
L
A
LVa
+ 44
SP
CCg
PcA
CG
CNh
P
Fxc
TSV
ICa
ICa
TcG ICg Pu
EC AN
VA DM
Cl 0
VL IML
ICa TTG
ICV
Pv DM ST
CN CNt Fxcr CPlv LVtr – 36
Fmj
Scc + 30
AN: Anterior nucleus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus CGrs : Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial Cl: Claustrum CN: Caudate nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CPlv: Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
Fmj: Forceps major Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus GCV: Great cerebral vein ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICV: Internal cerebral vein IML: Internal medullary lamina LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
CCs
GCV 0
Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SP: Septum pellucidum SPS: Subparietal sulcus ST: Stria terminalis TcG: Transcapsular gray TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
408
SPS
CGrs – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
EmC
Axial - MRI +12(+14mm)
R
L
SP
A
SV
CC
PcA
LVa
CG
CNh
P
ICa
+ 44
Fxc
TSV
AN VA
EmC
Pu
Cl
EC
ICp 0
LEFT
RIGHT
DM
AN ICV
LVtr
CNt
CP
Fxcr
Scc
+ 30
AN: Anterior nucleus CC: Corpus callosum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CP: Choroid plexus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus
CG
ISS 0
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SP: Septum pellucidum SV: Septal vein TSV: Thalamostriate vein VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
409
CCs – 30
– 36
Axial - Cadaver +10(+10mm)
R
L
Fxc
+ 80
A
MFG(2) LVa
MFG(1) SFS CS SFG PcA
CF
CG
SP
SFG SFS
CNh
SMT
P
ICa
IFS ST
IFS
IFGtr EC AN ICg IFGop Cl IML
EmC
TM
PrG
LS RIGHT
PoG 0
VP ICp DLF/MFB TTG STG PT MTG(1) Pv CNt LVb LVb SMG
AG(1)
MTG(2)
– 80
AG
CCs
CG
LOG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus AN: Anterior nucleus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DLF: Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IML: Internal medullary lamina LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
CalS SSS
SS
Cu
0
LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFB: Medial forebrain bundle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PT: Planum temporale Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
410
LOG
POS
AG(2) – 50
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SP: Septum pellucidum SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus ST: Stria terminalis STG: Superior temporal gyrus TM: Temporal muscle TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
Fxcr
LEFT
CeS
DM
Axial - MRI +10(+12mm)
R
L
LVa
A
CNh
MFG
SP
SFG
CC
PcA
SSS
CS
CG
SFS
Fxc
P
IFS
IFGop(1)
+ 80
ICa TSV VA
INsg
IFGop
IFGop(2) VL PrS
PrG
Pu
CeS
CeS
PoG INlg
ICp
0
TTG
DM
LS LS
SMG(1)
VP SMG(2) STG CNt
Pv
LVb
AG(1) OR
OR AG(2)
ICV
CCs
SPS
Pc
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CC: Corpus callosum CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus Fxc: Fornix, column ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus IPS: Intraparietal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus OR: Optic radiation
LOG SS
SSS Cu 0
Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMG: Supramarginal gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum
411
POS CalS
SPS
IPS – 50
SPS: Subparietal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TSV: Thalamostriate vein TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
Scc
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
PrS
Axial - Cadaver +8(+8mm)
R
L
IFS
+ 80
MFG
A
SP
SFG(2) PcA CS SFG(1) FB
CF CG(1) CCg
Fxc
CNh
MFG
P
IFS
IFGtr ICa INsg
ICg EC
IFGop
Cl
STA
Pu PrG
V3
CeS PoG
STG(1) 0
LS
INlg
STG(1)
STG(2)
ICp STS TTG
MTG Hif
LVb
Fxcr
– 80
MTG
STG(2)
MTG
AG
CalS POS
AG
LOG
CalS Cu CF SSS SS CG(2) Cu
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus EC: External capsule FB: Frontal bone
Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SP: Septum pellucidum SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
412
LOG
Pc
CCs – 50
STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle
LEFT
RIGHT
LS
Axial - MRI +8(+10mm)
R
L
A
IFS
M FG
SFS
SFG
CCg
CS
LCF PcA
CG
SV SFS
MFG
P
IFS
+ 80
LVa CNh
IFGtr IFGtr
IFGop
IFGop INsg
EC
CeS PrG
GPe
Pu
RIGHT
Cl
PoG 0
INlg
PoS
TTG
STG
Pv LVb LVb AG CCs
Tp
MTG Pc
LOG
SS
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus EC: External capsule GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part
IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus
Cu
SSS
Cu
0
PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus SV: Septal vein Tp : Tapetum
413
CalS
Pc
LOG
LG – 50
TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus
OR
– 80
LEFT
Pu
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +8(+8mm)
R
L
A
CNh
V3
+ 44
Fxc
SP
PcA
CCg
CSP
LVa
P
ST(1) SMT
ICa ICg
EC DM Pu
Cl
ICV
AN
GPe
EmC
Pv
GPll
0
VA ST VL AR
IML VPL
Hif ST(2)
LVb
CNt
Hit – 36
Fxcr
CS
+ 30
AN: Anterior nucleus AR: Auditory radiation CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CS: Cingulate sulcus CSP: Cavum septum pellucidum DLF: Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule
Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria Hit: Hippocampus, tail ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IML: Internal medullary lamina LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
Scc
CCs 0
PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus Scc: Sulcus of corpus callosum SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SP: Septum pellucidum ST: Stria terminalis V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VPL: Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
414
DLF
Pv – 30
DM
LEFT
RIGHT
ICp
Axial - MRI +8(+10mm)
R
L
A
CNh
ICa
SV
CCg
PcA
Fxc
LVa
P
CNh SV
+ 44
ICa ICg
Pu
VA EC EmC DM GPe
Cl
ICp
0
LEFT
RIGHT
VL
TV AN
VP TCF
CNt
CNt
Pv OR Tp
ICV + 30
AN: Anterior nucleus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CP: Choroid plexus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment
ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SS: Straight sinus SV: Septal vein TCF: Transverse cerebral fi ssure Tp : Tapetum
CCs
SS CG 0
TV: Thalamic vein VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
415
ICV
CP – 30
– 36
Axial - Cadaver +7(+7mm)
R
L
Fxc
+ 80
SP
A
SFG(2)
CS PcA
FB
SFG(1)
CF
CG(1) CS
CCg
SFS
MFG
CNh
P
ST(1)
IFS IFGtr
IFGtr
ICa INsg ICg
IFGtr
VA
V3
IFGop
LS
PrG
INlg
CeS PoG
0
STG LS SMT
MFB
STS
ICp
MTG TTG Hif
STG(1) ST(2)
Fxcr
LVb ITS CCs
STG(2)
POS – 80
AG
CG
GCV LOG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus FB: Frontal bone Fxc: Fornix, column Fxcr: Fornix, crus
GCV: Great cerebral vein Hif: Hippocampus, fimbria ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
CF SSS SS Cu CG(2) 0
LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MFB: Medial forebrain bundle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus Pc: Precuneus PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SP: Septum pellucidum
416
Pc
POS
CalS – 50
SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus ST: Stria terminalis STA: Superfi cial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VA: Ventral anterior nucleus
AG
LEFT
RIGHT
STA
Axial - MRI +7(+8mm)
R
L
A
CNh
IFS
MFG SFS
SFG CG
CF ACA
CCg
CG
SFS
LVa
P
IFG
IFS
+ 80
IFGtr ICa
GPe
VA
IFGop INsg Pu
CeS
PrG
ICp
RIGHT
Cl
PoG
VL
PoS
0
DM INlg TTG DM VP
Pv
Pv
CNt AG LVtr Tp ILF MTG
CCs
Pc
GCV
LOG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus
GCV: Great cerebral vein GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
SS Cu SSS Cu CalS 0
LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation Pc: Precuneus PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PoS: Postcentral sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
417
Pc LOG
POS
LG – 50
SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus Tp : Tapetum TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus VA: Ventral anterior nucleus VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
OR
– 80
LEFT
VA
CeS
Axial - Cadaver +6(+6mm)
R
+ 80
L
IFS
MFS
A
Fxc
SP SFS
SFG CG CF CCg
CS
FB
SFS
MFG
CNh
P
IFS
IFGtr(1)
ICa
ICg
Pu
IFGtr(2)
EC IFGop
STA
GPe Cl INlg
0
GPll
STG
LS
SMT(1)
ICp STG(1)
STS
VP
V3
STG(2)
LV
Pv SMT(2)
POS MTG - 80
CCs
LOG(1)
LOG(2)
LG CalS GCV
+ 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CeS: Central sulcus CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus EC: External capsule FB: Frontal bone
Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
SS
Cu CbllT
0
LS: Lateral sulcus LV: Lateral ventricle MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus Pc: Precuneus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SP: Septum pellucidum SS: Straight sinus
418
CG
CalS - 50
STA: Superfi cial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus V3: Third ventricle VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
Pc
LEFT
RIGHT
CeS LS
Axial - MRI +6(+6mm)
R
L
CCg
A
IFGob
PcA
SFS CS
CG
CMA
LCF SSS
CMA SFG
IFS
IFGob
P
CNh
+ 80
LVa ICa IFGtr Fxc INsg
Pu
GPll
INsg ICg
IFGop PrG CeS
Cl Gpe
ICp
EmC
PoG
0
LS
VL
TTG
DM STG(1)
STG(1)
VP V3 STG(2) STG(2) Hb LVtr
MFG(1) Tp
CP
Fmj
AG(1) CG
MFG(2)
GCV
LOG
+ 50
AG: Angular gyrus CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CeS: Central sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CP: Choroid plexus CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule Fmj: Forceps major Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein Gpe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina Hb: Habenula ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part
CalS SS
Cu SSS(2) Cu LOG CalS 0
IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INsg: Insula, short gyrus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MFG: Middle frontal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery PoG: Postcentral gyrus POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus
419
POS
AG(2) - 50
Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus Tp: Tapetum TTG: Transverse temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
OR
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
EC
Axial - Cadaver +4(+4mm)
R
+ 80
L
IFS
A
MFG
CCg
CG
CS
SFG FB FrC CF
PcA
CG
SFS
MFG
P
Fxc
IFS IFGtr(1) Csu
IFGtr(2)
MTT
STA
IFGop PrG
V3 MCA LS
LS 0
INlg STG(2): ICa
STS
Pv MTG CNt Hi STS HN SMT ITS
HC
- 80
ITG
MTG
CalS(1)
LOG
LG CalS(2) Cu
+ 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CCs: Corpus callosum, splenium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CS: Cingulate sulcus CSu: Coronal suture Cu: Cuneus FB: Frontal bone FrC: Frontal crest Fxc: Fornix, column HC: Habenular commissure
Hi: Hippocampus HN: Habenular nucleus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery
SSS CF
SS
0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract PcA: Pericallosal artery POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STA: Superfi cial temporal artery
420
LOG
CalS
POS - 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus V3: Third ventricle
CCs
LEFT
RIGHT
STG(1)
Axial - MRI +4(+4mm)
R
L
ICa
A
CNh
IFGob
SFS
SFG
PcA
CG SSS
LCF SFG
CMA
CCg
IFGob
P
IFGtr
+ 80
Lva INsg
Fxc
GPe
IFGop GPml
V3
GPi LS
MI
EmC
ICp
STG 0
STG(2) V3 STG(3) CNt MTG MTG(1) Hb Hi Hi Fmj Tp OR GCV
LOG(1)
ISS
LOG(2)
+ 50
CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CG: Cingulate gyrus CMA: Callosomarginal artery CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail Cu: Cuneus EmC: Extreme capsule Fmj: Forceps major Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hb: Habenula Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ILF: Inferior longitudinal fasciculus INsg: Insula, short gyrus ISS: Inferior sagittal sinus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus
Cu
SSSCu CalS LOG(2) 0
LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MI: Massa intermedia MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus Tp: Tapetum V3: Third ventricle
421
LOG(1)
ILF - 50
MTG(2)
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
STG(1)
Axial - Cadaver +4(+4mm)
R
L
A
CNh
+44
LVa
Fxc
LCF
CCg
SCG
BN
P
ICa
LPN GPml
Pu
EC ICg
Gpe
VL Cl DM EmC ICp LEFT
RIGHT
SMT 0
VP
MTT VL
Pv CM DM OR V3 AR
LVtr
CNt Tp CalS - 36
POS
PG
+ 30
AR: Auditory radiation BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis CalS: Calcarine sulcus CCg: Corpus callosum, genu Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column Gpe: Globus pallidus, external segment
GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HC: Habenular commissure Hit: Hippocampus, tail HN: Habenular nucleus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LPN: Lateral preoptic nucleus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVtr: Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation
HN
HC 0
PcA: Pericallosal artery PG: Pineal gland POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCG: Subcallosal gyrus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami Tp: Tapetum V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
422
Pv
Hit - 30
Axial - MRI +4(+4mm)
R
L
MI
A
CNh
LVa
LCF
CCg
SCG
Fxc
P
ICa
V3
+ 44
ICg Pu GPml
Gpe
EC
ICp
Gpi
EmC Cl
DM
V3
CM
0
Hb
VP Pv
BV
ICV
CNt
Hi
OR
LVb OR
Tp
GCV + 30
BV: Basal vein CCg: Corpus callosum, genu Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail DM: Dorsomedial nucleus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein Gpe: Globus pallidus, external segment Gpi: Globus pallidus, internal segment
GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hb: Habenula Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICg: Internal capsule, genu ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn LVb: Lateral ventricle, body MI: Massa intermedia OR: Optic radiation Pu: Putamen
0
Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SCG: Subcallosal gyrus Tp: Tapetum V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
423
- 30
- 36
LEFT
RIGHT
VL
Axial - Cadaver +2(+2mm)
R
L
AC
+ 80
A
MFG
CCg
SFS SFG CG
FrC CF
PcA
CG
SFS
CNh
P
Fxc IFS
IFS
Pu IFGtr INsg LS STA
EmC
IFGop
INlg
Hyp GPi GPml 0
STG MCA
SMT STS
Pv Hi STS
HC
CNt
MTG ITS
FR
PG
ITG
ITG - 80
CalS
POS GCV LOG + 50
AC: Anterior commissure CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CCg: Corpus callosum, genu CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail Cu: Cuneus EmC: Extreme capsule FrC: Frontal crest FR: Fasciculus retroflexus Fxc: Fornix, column
GCV: Great cerebral vein Gpi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina HC: Habenular commissure Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus INlg: Insula, long gyrus INsg: Insula, short gyrus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus
Cu
SSS CF 0
LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PcA: Pericallosal artery PG: Pineal gland POS: Parieto-occipital sulcus PrG: Precentral gyrus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus
424
SS
LG
CbllT
CalS(1) - 50
SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SMT: Stria medullaris thalami SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus
OR
LEFT
RIGHT
PrG
Axial - MRI +2(+2mm)
R
L
IFGob(2)
A
Fxc
IFGob(1)
AC SFG
LCF
CG
SFG
Fmi
CNh
IFGob(1)
P
ICa
+ 80
V3 IFGob(2) IN Pu
Gpe
IFGtr LS PrS IFGop IFG Gpi
ICp LS STG 0
VL V3 STG HC HN CNt
Pv MTG(1)
Hi
BV MTG(1) MTG(1) LVb MTG(2) MTG(2) LOG(1)
SS
LOG(2) CalS Cu SSS Cu CalS LG
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail Cu: Cuneus Fmi: Forceps minor Fxc: Fornix, column Gpe: Globus pallidus, external segment Gpi: Globus pallidus, internal segment HC: Habenular commissure Hi: Hippocampus
HN: Habenular nucleus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IN: Insula LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVb: Lateral ventricle, body
0
MI: Massa intermedia MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PG: Pineal gland PrS: Precentral sulcus Pu: Putamen SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle VL: Ventral lateral nucleus
425
LOG
PG - 50
OR
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MI
Axial - Cadaver ±0(±0mm)
R
L
IFS
+ 80
Fxc
A
MFG
AC
SFS SFG CalS CF CgS ACA
SFG
SFS
CNh
P
IFS IFGtr
IFGtr
MTT DH LS LS IFGop MCA
IN
GPll
STG(1)
GPml
0
LEFT
RIGHT
GPi
ICp ICa STG STG V3
FR
MTG
CNt
PC
STS
ITS
Hi
PG Lva
ITG - 80
ITG GCV
LOG
Cul
CalS Cl
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CS: Cingulate sulcus Cul: Culmen DH: Dorsal hypothalamus FR: Fasciculus retroflexus Fxc: Fornix, column
GCV: Great cerebral vein GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus
SSS
CF SS
0 LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract PC: Posterior commissure PG: Pineal gland SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
426
LOG
CbllT
LOG - 50
STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus V3: Third ventricle
CalS
Axial - MRI ±0(±0mm)
R
L
A
IFGob(2)
Fxc IFGob(1)
SFG
ACA
LCF
SFG
Fmi
MFG(1)
P
MFG(2)
+ 80
MI ICa IFGtr
IFGtr
IN AC
LS EmC
STG(1)
LS ICp
MTG(1)
EC 0
STG
STG(2)
V3
Pv
CNt
MTG(1) PC
MTG(2) Hi
MTG(2)
LVp MTG(3)
MTG(3) BV
LOG
SS
CalS
+ 50
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail Cu: Cuneus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fmi: Forceps minor Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IN: Insula LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MI: Massa intermedia MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation
Cu
SSS 0
PC: Posterior commissure PG: Pineal gland PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle
427
CalS
LG
PG
LOG - 50
OR
PHG
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Axial - Cadaver ±0(±0mm)
R
L
A
ICa
+ 44
Fxc
Fmi
ACA
SG
AC
BN
P
CNh ICa
EC
NA
GPll
Cl
Gpe LS EmC
Pu
ICg
GPml Gpi CeSIN
RIGHT
EC 0
ICp
AR Pv
VP
Hi
CM ZI
Hia CNt Hif LVp OR CP Tp - 36
V3
PHG
CalS + 30
AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AR: Auditory radiation BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CeSIN: Central sulcus of insula Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CP: Choroid plexus Cul: Culmen
PC
CbllT
Cul
PG
LG
0
DH: Dorsal hypothalamus ICg: Internal capsule, genu EC: External capsule ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb EmC: Extreme capsule LG: Lingual gyrus Fmi: Forceps minor LS: Lateral sulcus Fxc: Fornix, column LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn Gpe: Globus pallidus, external segment MTT: Mammillothalamic tract Gpi: Globus pallidus, internal segment NA: Nucleus accumbens GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina OR: Optic radiation GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina PC: Posterior commissure PG: Pineal gland Hi: Hippocampus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Ptc: Pretectum Hif: hippocampus, fimbria Pu: Putamen ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb
428
CalS - 30
Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SG: Straight gyrus Tp: Tapetum V3: Third ventricle VP: Ventral posterior nucleus ZI: Zona incerta
Ptc
LEFT
MTT
DH
Axial - MRI ±0(±0mm)
R
L
V3
A
ICa
CNh
Fx
AC
BN
P
GPII
+ 44
Gpe Pu
Gpi CM GPml
VP
EmC
EC Pv
0
MTT
CNt ICp
AR CP
LGN OR
LVp Hi
PHG
BV
+ 30
AC: Anterior commissure AR: Auditory radiation BN: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis BV: Basal vein Cl: Claustrum CM: Centromedian nucleus CN: Caudate nucleus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CP: Choroid plexus EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column
Gpe: Globus pallidus, external segment Gpi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation PC: Posterior commissure
PC
- 36
MGN 0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen Pv: Pulvinar nucleus V3: Third ventricle VP: Ventral posterior nucleus
429
- 30
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Axial - Cadaver −2(−2mm)
R
L
IFS
+ 80
A
MFG
MFG
SFS
SFG CS CG
CF
ACA CS SFG
CG
MFG
P
CNh
MFG IFGtr
EC
Fxc
LS AC EmC
STA STG
GPe
SFS
MCA(1)
STN 0
GPi
ICp
MCA(2)
LGN
STN
MGN
STG
Pv CNt
MTG
STS
V3 ITS
Hif ITG LVp
PC - 80
LG
ITG ICV
GCV Cul
LOG
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CS: Cingulate sulcus Cu: Cuneus Cul: Culmen
EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment Hif: hippocampus, fimbria ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb ICV: Internal cerebral vein IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFS: Inferior frontal sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus
Cu
SSS CF SS CalS 0
LG: Lingual gyrus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation PC: Posterior commissure Pv: Pulvinar nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus
430
CbllT LG
LOG - 50
SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STA: Superficial temporal artery STG: Superior temporal gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus V3: Third ventricle
OR
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Axial - MRI −2(−2mm)
R
L
A
ICa
CNh
MObG
SG
LCF
ACA SFG
Fxc
P
MTT
MFG
+ 80 LOG
GPll
LS GPe
V3
Pu
STG(1)
GPml STG
STN
ICp STN
0 STG(2)
RN
LGN LGN CNt MGN
PC
Hi
CP BV
MTG LVp PHG
PHG
SC
OR
LOG CalS(1) CalS(2)
+ 50 ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Aq: Aqueduct BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CP: Choroid plexus Cul: Culmen Fxc: Fornix, column GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment GPll: Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina GPml: Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina
Hi: Hippocampus ICa: Internal capsule, anterior limb ICp: Internal capsule, posterior limb LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LG: Lingual gyrus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVp: Lateral ventricle, posterior horn MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
SSS
SS
LG
CalS
0 MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation PC: Posterior commissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus Pu: Putamen RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STN: Subthalamic nucleus
431
Cul
- 50 V3: Third ventricle
Aq
OR
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
GPi
Axial - Cadaver −4(−4mm)
R
L
MCA
+ 80
A
Fxc
MFG
SFG CG
LCF CF
ACA SFG
SFS
CNh
P
UF Pu
IFGtr GPi
LS
LS
IN EmC AC STG
AC
MCA
Hyp
LEFT
RIGHT
GPe STS 0
CrC
MTT
MTG LGN CNt
LVi Hi
LVi
V3
STN
ITG
PC - 80
Aq
GCV
Cul
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Aq: Aqueduct CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CG: Cingulate gyrus CNh: Caudate nucleus, head CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen EmC: Extreme capsule Fxc: Fornix, column GCV: Great cerebral vein
GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IN: Insula ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery
SSS
SS 0
MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation PC: Posterior commissure Pu: Putamen SCbllV: Superior cerebellar vein SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SFS: Superior frontal sulcus SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus
432
CbllT
LOG
SCbllV - 50
STN: Subthalamic nucleus STS: Superior temporal sulcus UF: Uncinate fasciculus V3: Third ventricle
OR
Axial - MRI −4(−4mm)
R
L
A
LObG
MObG
LT
LCF
SG
MObG
P
V3
IFG
+ 80
LObG
MTT Fxc
STG(1) AL CrC
SN
STG(2)
0
RN MGN BV STG PHG Hi MTG
PHG
Hi MFG Aq OR
ColS
SS + 50
AL: Ansa lenticularis Aq: Aqueduct BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus Cl: Claustrum ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus IFG: Inferior frontal gyrus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LG: Lingual gyrus
LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LT: Lamina terminalis MFG: Middle frontal gyrus MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SG: Straight gyrus
LG
CalS
SSS Cul 0
SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus V3: Third ventricle
433
CalS
LOG
SC - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
Cl
Axial - cadaver −4(−4mm)
R
L
A
Pu
+ 44
Fxc
LCF
CG
ACA
POA
P
EC
EC
Pu
GPe
Cl
EmC
MCA IN AC
AC
EmC GPi OT GPe
Pu 0
STN
CrC STN
LGN
OR CNt LGN Hif Hi Hi LVi
MGN
MGN HiS - 36
ColS
FR
PC
+ 30 AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Aq: Aqueduct CG: Cingulate gyrus Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen EC: External capsule EmC: Extreme capsule FR: Fasciculus retroflexus Fxc: Fornix, column
GCV: Great cerebral vein GPe: Globus pallidus, external segment GPi: Globus pallidus, internal segment Hb: Habenula Hi: Hippocampus Hif: hippocampus, fimbria HiS: Hippocampal sulcus IN: Insula LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus
GCV
Cul
Aq 0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PC: Posterior commissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus POA: Preoptic area Pu: Putamen STN: Subthalamic nucleus V3: Third ventricle
434
MOTG PHG
Hb - 30
V3
LEFT
RIGHT
MTT
Axial - MRI −4(−4mm)
R
L
A
CNh
Fxc
LT
V3
P
ACA
Hyp
+ 44
MFB MTT FR
IN OT AL
CrC
SN
SN
0
RN
LGN
MGN ML CTT Hi OR CGS
ColS
MOTG
SC
CL 0
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery AL: Ansa lenticularis Aq: Aqueduct BV: Basal vein CGS: Central gray substance CL: Central lobule CNh: Caudate nucleus, head ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CTT: Central tegmental tract FR: Fasciculus retroflexus Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus
Hyp: Hypothalamus IN: Insula LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LT: Lamina terminalis MFB: Medial forebrain bundle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus RN: Red nucleus
Aq
SC: Superior colliculus SN: Substantia nigra V3: Third ventricle
435
SC
BV
PHG - 30
- 36
LEFT
RIGHT
CrC
Axial - cadaver −6(−6mm)
R
L
IFGtr
+ 80
A
IFGob
V3
SFG
ACA
FrC
CF
CgS
Fxc
NA
Pu
P
EC Cl LS
MCA
EmC IN STG Hyp AC PCA MCA STS GP OT
MTG
VTA
CrC
MTT
0
VTA
LGN
LGN SN CNt
LVi
RaN Hi
MGN
RN MLF PCA
STT
MOTG - 80
Aq
CalS
LOG
Cul
+ 50 AC: Anterior commissure ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cul: Culmen EC: External capsule
EmC: Extreme capsule FrC: Frontal crest Fxc: Fornix, column GP: Globus pallidus Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGtr: Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IN: Insula LG: Lingual gyrus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus
SSS
SS
LG(2) CbllT
0 LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract NA: Nucleus accumbens OT: Opitc tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure Pu: Putamen RaN: Raphe nucleus
436
PF
LG(1) - 50
RN: Red nucleus SFG: Superior frontal gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus STT: Spinothalamic tract V3: Third ventricle VTA: Ventral tegmental area
CalS
LEFT
RIGHT
Amg
Axial - MRI −6(−6mm)
R
L
MTT
A
MObG
ACA
LT
SG
SCG
MObG
V3
P
LObG
+ 80
Fxc
STG
LS IPF SN SN STG CrC
RN MGN
0
LGN
BV
STT
Aq
Hi Hi MTG PHG
PHG
SC MTG OR ColS
LOG + 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Aq: Aqueduct BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus IPF: Interpeduncular fossa LG: Lingual gyrus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus
LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LT: Lamina terminalis MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus ML: Medial lemniscus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OR: Optic radiation PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SCG: Subcallosal gyrus
LG
CalS SS
SSS CalS 0
SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STT: Spinothalamic tract V3: Third ventricle
437
Cul
LOG
ColS - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
ML
Axial - cadaver −8(−8mm)
R
L
A
OT
+ 80
MTT
ACA
CF
SG
Fxc
P
OT MCA(1)
SN
LS Amg
MCA(2)
STG
CrC Cl
MTG
MTG 0
LVi MTT
RN PHG
CNt Hi
ITG
VTA STT
MLF
Aq
ColS PCA MOTG(1)
MOTG(2)
- 80
MOTG
CalS
LOG
AQL CL
+ 50 ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen
Dc: Declive Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LG: Lingual gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus
Cul
SSS
SS 0
MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OT: Optic tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus RN: Red nucleus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus STT: Spinothalamic tract
438
Dc
CbllT
PF
LOG - 50
LG
LEFT
RIGHT
STS
Axial - MRI −8(−8mm)
R
L
LObG
A
MObG
ACA(1)
SoR
LCF
SG
LT
ACA
MObG
P
LObG
MCA
+ 80
ACA(2)
LS OT
IPF MB STG Un CrC
STG
RN
0
MTG(1) ColS ColS(1)
Hi ITG
BV
MTG(2)
PHG
ColS(2) OR PHG
Aq Icol
IcF
LG
+ 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Aq: Aqueduct BV: Basal vein CalS: Calcarine sulcus CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen Hi: Hippocampus IcF: Intraculminate fissure Icol: Inferior colliculus IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LG: Lingual gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LT: Lamina terminalis MB: Mammillary body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract
CalS SS
SSS
LG
0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus RN: Red nucleus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SoR: Supraoptic recess SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus Un: Uncus
439
CalS
LOG
Cul - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
SN CNt
Axial - cadaver −8(−8mm)
R
+ 44
L
A
MFB
V3
LT
CG
ACA
SG
P
POA OlS SI
MCA
Fxc OT
OT
Un
CrC
Cl
MTT
Amg 0
CrC PCA
Hia
CNt
SNc
LVi
RN LGN
ML MGN - 36
CtT Cols
STT
Cbllt
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Cbllt: Cerebellar tentorium CG: Cingulate gyrus Cg: Cingulum CL: Central lobule Cl: Claustrum CNt: Caudate nucleus, tail ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CtT: Cerebellothalamic tract Cul: Culmen Fxc: Fornix, column
Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Hyp: Hypothalamus LGN: Lateral geniculate nucleus LT: Lamina terminalis LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MFB: Medial forebrain bundle MGN: Medial geniculate nucleus ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum MTT: Mammillothalamic tract OlS: Olfactory sulcus
MpT
Cul
SC
0
OT: Opitc tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery POA: Preoptic area RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SG: Straight gyrus SI: Substantia innominata SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SNr: Substantia nigra, pars reticularis STT: Spinothalamic tract Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle
440
PCA
MOTG DTA
Cg - 30
ColS
LEFT
RIGHT
SNr
Axial - MRI −8(−8mm)
R
L
Hyp
A
Ib
LT
SoR
V3
Hypa
P
ACA
LS
+ 44
Hyp
MCAM1
MCA
OT Un MB PCA
PCA(1)
IPF
Amg
SN
CrC
0
PCA(2)
PCAa
RN Hi
Hi
PHG PHG OR ColS
PCApo + 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen Hi: Hippocampus Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus Hyp: Hypothalamus Hypa: Hypothalamus, anterior Hypm: Hypothalamus, middle
Aq
CL Cul
Icol
0
Ib: Infundibulum branch Icol: Inferior colliculus PCApo: Posterior cerebral artery, parieto-occipital branch IPF: Interpeduncular fossa PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus RN: Red nucleus LT: Lamina terminalis SN: Substantia nigra MB: Mammillary body SoR: Supraoptic recess MCA: Middle cerebral artery MCAM1: Middle cerebral artery M1 segment Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PaG: Periaqueductal gray substance PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PCAa: Posterior cerebral artery, anterior temporal
441
PaG
ColS - 30
- 36
LEFT
RIGHT
SN
Axial - cadaver −10(−10mm)
R
L
Fxc
+ 80
A
MTT
Ol
MObG
SG
CF
ACA
CgS
SG
LObG
OIS
P
Hyp
IFGob
MCA(1)
OT
OT
LS
MCA
MCA(2)
PCA
STG
SN
Amg VTA
0
CrC
Hia
DG
ML
LV
HiS
Hi N3N CTT Aq PHG ColS STT SC
PCA OTS
MOTG - 80
LG
CbllT
AQL
CL
+ 50 ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus CTT: Central tegmental tract Cul: Culmen DG: Dentate gyrus
Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus HiS: Hippocampal sulcus Hyp: Hypothalamus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part LG: Lingual gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery ML: Medial lemniscus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
PcF
SSS
SS
Cul
0 N3N: Oculomotor nerve nucleu OlS: Olfactory sulcus OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra
442
PQL
PF
MOTG - 50
SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STT: Spinothalamic tract
ColS
LEFT
RIGHT
RN
Axial - MRI −10(−10mm)
R
L
A
LObG
Ib
MObG
SG
OC
SG Hyp
MObG
ACA
P
OT
+ 80
MCA OT
LS LS MTG(1)
N3
N3
Amg
Amg IPF
CrC 0
SN
RN
MTG(2) MTG Hi PCA OR PHG ColS
N4
Icol ITG AQL
PF
Cula + 50
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CalS: Calcarine sulcus CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cula: Culmen, anterior Culp: Culmen, posterior Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus Ib: Infundibulum
IcF: Intraculminate fissure Icol: Inferior colliculus IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MB: Mammillary body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve
Culp
SS
SSS CalS 0
OC: Optic chiasm OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus RN: Red nucleus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus
443
IcF
CL LOG
Aq - 50
PHG
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MB
Axial - cadaver −12(−12mm)
R
L
IFGob
+ 80
A
MB
OT
MObG
OlS
SG
FB CF
CgS
ACA
SG
MObG
P
Hyp Oltr
LS LS MCA(1)
OT
MCA(2)
MCA
Amg
STG
SNc
SN
MTG 0
Hi RaN
LVi
Aq
ML
SC
STT PCA
OTS ITG MOTG ColS TS
- 80
OTS OTS
CbllT
Lg
CL
Cul
+ 50 ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CL: Central lobule ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CS: Cingulate sulcus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive FB: Frontal bone
Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus Lg: Lingula LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MCA: Middle cerebral artery ML: Medial lemniscus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
SSS
SS
Dc
0 MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OlS: Olfactory sulcus Oltr: Olfactory trigone OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure RaN: Raphe nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SS: Straight sinus
444
PQL
PF - 50
SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STT: Spinothalamic tract TS: Transverse sinus
AQL
LEFT
RIGHT
CrC
Axial - MRI −12(−12mm)
R
L
STG
A
MCA
ICA
SG
ObG
AdH
ICA
P
MCA
+ 80
LS Un
STG
Amg
Amg
IPF
PCA MTG
RIGHT
Hi
0
ML PHG ColS ITG PCA OR ITG Aq AQL CLw
Lg
CL
OTS
OTS LOG Cula Culp
MOTG + 50
AdH: Adenohypophysis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct CalS: Calcarine sulcus CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cula: Culmen, anterior Culp: Culmen, posterior Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery
IcF: Intraculminate fissure IPF: Interpeduncular fossa ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus Lg: Lingula LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MCA: Middle cerebral artery ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus ObG: Orbital gyrus OR: Optic radiation OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus
SS SSS CfS TS CalS(2) CalS(1) PF IcF 0
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus SG: Straight gyrus SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus SSS: Superior sagittal sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus Un: Uncus
445
PcF - 50
AQL
- 80
LEFT
SN
CrC
Axial - cadaver −12(−12mm)
R
L
A
MB
+ 44
OlS
SG
ACA
Hyp
P
V3
OT
Fxc
MCA OT LS MTT
VTA
Amg LVi
Hi
Hi 0
HiS CrC LVi ML SNr
PHG
MpT SNc SC
- 36
CLw
AQL
Aq
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CGS: Central gray substance CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus HiS: Hippocampal sulcus
Hyp: Hypothalamus Lg: Lingula LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MCA: Middle cerebral artery ML: Medial lemniscus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum OlS: Olfactory sulcus OT: Optic tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus RaN: Raphe nucleus
CL Cul
Lg
CGS
0
RN: Red nucleus SC: Superior colliculus SG: Straight gyrus SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SNr: Substantia nigra, pars reticularis STT: Spinothalamic tract V3: Third ventricle VTA: Ventral tegmental area
446
STT
PCA - 30
RN
LEFT
RIGHT
Hia
Axial - MRI −12(−12mm)
R
L
Un
A
Ad H
MCA
P
ICA
+ 44
PCA
SN CrC
SN LVi
Hi
Hi
0
ML
PHG ColS PHG
MpT
ColS N3N PCA
ICol
N4
SCbllA
MLF
+ 30
AdH: Adenohypophysis Aq: Aqueduct CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICol: Inferior colliculus Lg: Lingula LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery ML: Medial lemniscus
Lg
CL 0
MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum N3N: Oculomotor nerve nucleu N4: Trochlear nerve PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SN: Substantia nigra Un: Uncus
447
PcF
Aq
- 36
CLw - 30
LEFT
RIGHT
LVi
Axial - cadaver −14(−14mm)
R
L
IFGo p
+ 80
A
MB
Fxc
FcN
OlS
SS
CF
FB
Hyp
FrN
MObG
P
Oltr
OT
LObG MCA LS
MCA RN
Amg
STG STS
STS CrC
RIGHT
0
MTG
PCA
CTT
SN
TB
ColS
OTS N4
PCA
CLw PHG ITG
ColS
MOTG
AQL
TS
- 80
PrF
LOG
ICol
Lg
+ 50 Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CTT: Central tegmental tract Dc: Declive FB: Frontal bone FrN: Frontal nerve
Fxc: Fornix, column Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus ICol: Inferior colliculus IFGop: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus Lg: Lingula LObG: Lateral orbital gyrus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus MB: Mammillary body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
CL
OB CfS
Dc
0 MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N4: Trochlear nerve OB: Occipital bone OlS: Olfactory sulcus Oltr: Olfactory trigone OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrF: Precentral fissure
448
PcF
PF
Aq
- 50 RN: Red nucleus SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus STS: Superior temporal sulcus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TS: Transverse sinus
MOTG
LEFT
Hi
MTG
Axial - MRI −14(−14mm)
R
L
STG
A
MCA
ICA
OlB&T
LCF
Amg
P
MCA
STG
+ 80
LS Un
PCA(1)
LVi Hi
MTG
CrC
PHG(1)
LVi
0
SCPd PCA ColS MOTG
PCA(2)
PHG(2) LL OTS ITG CLw OTS
ColS
AQL Lg
CL
Cula
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cula: Culmen, anterior Culp: Culmen, posterior Hi: Hippocampus ICA: Internal carotid artery IcF: Intraculminate fissure
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure LG: Lingual gyrus Lg: Lingula LL: Lateral lemniscus LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OlB&T: Olfactory bulb and tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus
Culp
LG
SS
TS PF 0
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus TS: Transverse sinus Un: Uncus
449
LOG
IcF
PcF - 50
Aq
OTS- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
SN
Axial - cadaver −15(−15mm)
R
+ 80
L
IFGob
A
MB
OT
OlS
SG
FB
CF
Hyp
MObG
Oltr
P
LOG
LS RN
MCA
CTT
N3
STG LVi
STS
STS MTG(1)
MTG 0
CrC
Hi
PCA
MTG(2) PHG
SN ColS
ColS(1)
N4
PCA N4
ITG MOTG
ColS(2)
OTS CLw
- 80
TS
ICol
Lg
CL
+ 50 Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri CTT: Central tegmental tract Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive FB: Frontal bone
Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus ICol: Inferior colliculus IFGob: Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus Lg: Lingula LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LS: Lateral sulcus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MCA: Middle cerebral artery MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
Dc
CfS
Cul Aq 0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve OlS: Olfactory sulcus Oltr: Olfactory trigone OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule RN: Red nucleus SG: Straight gyrus
450
PQL
PF
LOG - 50
SN: Substantia nigra STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus
AQL
LEFT
RIGHT
Amg
Axial - MRI −15(−16mm)
R
L
A
Amg
PCA
BA
P
PCA
+ 80
MCA
Hi
CrC LVa MTG
PHG
ITS
ColS
MOTG
OTS 0
OTS(1)
MLF
ITG(1)
ITG(1)
ICol
MLF
CLw
Aq
Lg
PcF AQL
OTS(2)
ITG(2)
PF
+ 50 Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CfS: Confl uence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cula: Culmen, anterior Culp: Culmen, posterior Hi: Hippocampus IcF: Intraculminate fi ssure
ICol: Inferior colliculus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus Lg: Lingula LVa: Lateral ventricle, anterior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure
PQL
SS
CfS
0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SS: Straight sinus
451
Culp
IcF
Cula - 50
CL
ITG(2)
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS
Axial - Cadaver –16(–16mm)
R
+ 80
L
ON
A
SRM
FrN MObG
SG
FB
FrC
OlS
CF
LPS
SRM
P
ICA SfS
OC MCA
MCA SB
STG
Hyp
STS MTG
OT
0
V3 LVi
ColS
Hi PCA MTG CLw OTS ITG SN ITG MOTG Lg
CbllT
LOG – 80
TS + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Dc: Declive FB: Frontal bone FrC: Frontal crest FrN: Frontal nerve Hi: Hippocampus Hyp: Hypothalamus
PrF
CL
CfS
Dc: IOP
LG
0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus ICA: Internal carotid artery OC: Optic chiasm IOP: Internal occipital protuberance OlS: Olfactory sulcus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ON: Optic nerve LamS: Lambdoid suture OT: Optic tract LG: Lingual gyrus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus Lg: Lingula PCA: Posterior cerebral artery LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LPS: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrF: Precentral fissure LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn SB: Sphenoid bone MB: Mammillary body SfS: Sphenofrontal suture MCA: Middle cerebral artery SG: Straight gyrus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus SN: Substantia nigra MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
452
PQL
AQL
LamS – 50
SRM: Superior rectus muscle STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus V3: Third ventricle
LEFT
RIGHT
MB
Axial - MRI –16(–18mm)
R
L
A
Amg
PCoA
PCA
BA
PCA
PCoA
P
PHG(1)
+ 80
MCA Hi
PHG LVi MTG
PN
MTG
ITS
ColS 0
PHG(2)
MOTG
OTS(1)
ITG
ITG MLF SCP V4
CLw
PcF
Lg
CL AQL OTS(2)
PF
PQL
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus BA: Basilar artery CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Cula: Culmen, anterior Culp: Culmen, posterior Dc: Declive Hi: Hippocampus IcF: Intraculminate fissure ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus Lg: Lingula LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PCoA: Posterior communicating artery PF: Primary fissure
SS CfS
Dc Culp
0
PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SS: Straight sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
453
IcF
LOG
Cula – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS
Axial - Cadaver –16(–16mm)
R
L
ON
+ 44
A
ACA
OlS
LCF
SS
OlS
MObG
P
OC
OlT
ICA Oltr Hyp OT N3 MCA CrC V3 SN Un PHG
Amg
Hia
Hi 0
MB
OR
HiS MLF PCA N4
RN
LL ColS ICol ML CLw
MpT CGS
ICc – 36
PQL
PrF
+ 30
ACA: Anterior cerebral artery Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus: Aq: Aqueduct AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CGS: Central gray substance CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri Cul: Culmen Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus HiS: Hippocampal sulcus
Hyp: Hypothalamus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICc: Commissure of inferior colliculus ICol: Inferior colliculus LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure Lg: Lingula LL: Lateral lemniscus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MB: Mammillary body MCA: Middle cerebral artery ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
Cul
CL
Lg
AQL
0
MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve OC: Optic chiasm OlS: Olfactory sulcus OlT: Olfactory tract Oltr: Olfactory trigone ON: Optic nerve OR: Optic radiation OT: Optic tract PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule
454
Aq – 30
PrF: Precentral fissure RN: Red nucleus SN: Substantia nigra SS: Straight sinus Un: Uncus V3: Third ventricle
LEFT
RIGHT
LVi
Axial - MRI –16(–18mm)
R
L
A
MCA
Amg
BA
P
PN
+ 44
PCA MTG
CbllT
Hi
Hi ML Hia
RIGHT
0
ColS PHG
MLF
SCP MpT V4
LL CLw
SCP SMV AQL + 30
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus: AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus Lg: Lingula LL: Lateral lemniscus LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery
CL 0
ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NC: Nucleus ceruleus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMV: Superior medullary velum V4: Fourth ventricle
455
Lg
NC – 30
– 36
LEFT
LVi
PHG
Axial - Cadaver –18(–18mm)
R
L
A
SRM
– 80
LPS
OptN MObG
FSi
FB CF SG OlS
SRM SOM
OptN
P
ON
OC
OT
AdH
Dur MCA
STS Amg Ib CrC PCA STS
STS
LVi Hi ITS
ITS 0
RaN
SNc
PCA MLF
OTS
OTS
SMV IcF
ITG AQL MOTG CbllT
– 80
PcF
PQL
NC
TS
CLw
PSF Lg
PrF
CL
Cul
+ 50
AdH: Adenohypophysis Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CF: Cerebral falx CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing CrC: Crus cerebri: Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive Dur: Dura mater FB: Frontal bone
FSi: Frontal sinus Hi: Hippocampus Ib: Infundibulum IcF: Intraculminate fissure ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus Lg: Lingula LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LPS: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MCA: Middle cerebral artery MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus
OB CfS
Dc
0
MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NC: Nucleus ceruleus OB: Occipital bone OC: Optic chiasm OlS: Olfactory sulcus ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve OT: Optic tract OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure
456
PF
LOG
SSL – 50
PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrF: Precentral fissure PSF: Posterior superior fissure RaN: Raphe nucleus SG: Straight gyrus SMV: Superior medullary velum SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STS: Superior temporal sulcus TS: Transverse sinus
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG
Axial - MRI –18(–20mm)
R
L
A
PCA(1)
TPF
NC
BA
PPC
TPF
Hi
P
PHG
+ 80
SCbllA
MTG
MTG
Hi
ITG
MLF PHG
0
LL SMV
ML
ITG CTT OTS CLw Lg PCA(2) CL
SCP Cul V4
AQL
PQL
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CTT: Central tegmental tract Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive Hi: Hippocampus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus Lg: Lingula LL: Lateral lemniscus
ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NC: Nucleus ceruleus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PPC: Prepontine cistern PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle
PF
SS CfS 0
SMV: Superior medullary velum SS: Straight sinus TPF: Transverse pontine fibers TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
457
TS
Dc – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
ColS MOTG
Axial - Cadaver –20(–20mm)
R
L
PCA
+ 80
A
SRM
LPS
SOM
OlS
CrG
SG
MObG
SRM
PiG
P
N3 STG
MCA
STG STS
Amg
STS
MTG TB
Hi MTG
LL
0
ITS CLw
ITS
ITG NC OTS AQL MOTG
MOTG
CbllT
Lg
PB PQL
TB
PSF PMS PF
– 80
AQL
TS
PrF
Cul
+ 50
Amg: Amygdaloid nucleus: AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CfS: Confluence of sinuses CLw: Central lobule, wing CrG: Crista galli Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive Hi: Hippocampus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus Lg: Lingula LL: Lateral lemniscus
LOG: Lateral occipital gyrus LPS: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle MCA: Middle cerebral artery MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve NC: Nucleus ceruleus OlS: Olfactory sulcus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PB: Parietal bone PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
Tu
CfS
Dc LOG
PrF
NC
0
PF: Primary fissure PiG: Pituitary gland PMS: Parietomastoid suture PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PrF: Precentral fissure PSF: Posterior superior fissure SG: Straight gyrus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SRM: Superior rectus muscle SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone
458
SSL – 50
TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber
LEFT
RIGHT
MLF
Axial - MRI –20(–22mm)
R
L
MTG(1)
A
LVi
TPF
V4
BA
PN
PPC
Ncu
P
Amg
+ 80
MTG STS
Hi
MTG(2)
PHG
MOTG
SCbllA 0
CLw ColS
AQL SCP ITG
ColS
OTS PQL Lg
CL Cul PQL
SS
CfS
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CfS: Confluence of sinuses CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive Hi: Hippocampus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus Lg: Lingula LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PPC: Prepontine cistern PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCbllA: Superior cerebellar artery SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SS: Straight sinus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TPF: Transverse pontine fibers
0
TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
459
Dc
TS
PF – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
MOTG
Axial - Cadaver –20(–20mm)
R
L
A
MObG
+ 44
OlS
LCF SG
MObG
Oltr
P
AdH ICA
ON NH
ICA
N3
N3
VTA PHG
BA
0
Hia
SNc
Hi
SNr
SN
SCPd LEFT
RIGHT
CrC
N4 ColS ColS
N4 MOTG
ML
MLF
MpT CLw
NC
SCP
Lg
AQL (1) – 36
AQL
CL + 30
AdH: Adenohypophysis AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CbllC: Cerebellar commissure CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrC: Crus cerebri: Cul: Culmen Hi: Hippocampus Hia: Hippocampus, alveus ICA: Internal carotid artery LCF: Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Lg: Lingula ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MpT: Mesopontine tegmentum N3: Oculomotor nerve N4: Trochlear nerve NC: Nucleus ceruleus NH: Neurohypophysis OlS: Olfactory sulcus Oltr: Olfactory trigone ON: Optic nerve
CbllC
Cul
PcF 0
PcF: Preculminate fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PrF: Precentral fissure SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SG: Straight gyrus SMV: Superior medullary velum SN: Substantia nigra SNc: Substantia nigra, pars compacta SNr: Substantia nigra, pars reticularis VTA: Ventral tegmental area
460
PrF
SMV – 30
AQL (2)
Axial - MRI –20(–22mm)
R
L
A
TPF(1)
PPC
P
BA
+ 44
PCA
CST LVi
PN TPF(2)
Hi
ML
CbllT 0
CTT
V4
SCP AQL CLw AQL
SCP + 30
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing CST: Corticospinal tract CTT: Central tegmental tract Hi: Hippocampus Lg: Lingula LVi: Lateral ventricle, inferior horn ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus PCA: Posterior cerebral artery
CL 0
PN: Pontine nucleus PPC: Prepontine cistern SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SMV: Superior medullary velum TPF: Transverse pontine fibers V4: Fourth ventricle
461
Lg
SMV – 30
– 36
LEFT
RIGHT
MLF
Axial - Cadaver −22(−22mm)
R
L
CavS
+ 80
A
ICA
PiG
SpS
SOM OlS
SG CrG MObG
ICA
CavS
ACP
PCP
P
ML STG
MCA STS BA
MTG
Dur STS
CLw PN TB
PHG
RIGHT
0
ColS
OTS
OTS
ITG
SCPd
AQLa
ITG MOTG PcF CbllT
AQL
PF IcF PQL STT TS NC Lg - 80
EmN
FN
Cul
Dc
Fol
+ 50
ACP: Anterior clinoid process AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AQLa: Anterior quadrangular lobule, anterior BA: Basilar artery CavS: Cavernous sinus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CfS: Confluence of sinuses CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrG: Crista galli Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive Dur: Dura mater
EmN: Emboliform nucleus FN: Fastigial nucleus Fol: Folium ICA: Internal carotid artery IcF: Intraculminate fissure ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus Lg: Lingula MCA: Middle cerebral artery ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
Tu
CfS Val
OB
0
MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NC: Nucleus ceruleus OB: Occipital bone OlS: Olfactory sulcus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcF: Preculminate fissure PCP: Posterior clinoid process PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PiG: Pituitary gland PN: Pontine nucleus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure
462
PF
MLF
SCP
SSL
- 50
SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SCPd: Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation SG: Straight gyrus SOM: Superior oblique muscle SpS: Sphenoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus STT: Spinothalamic tract TB: Temporal bone TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber Val: Vallecula
PSF
LEFT
ITS
ITG
Axial - MRI –22(–24mm)
R
L
M TG(1)
A
PHG
PCA
ICb l l A
TPF
PCA
P
MTG
+ 80
ColS(1)
PHG MTG(2)
MOTG
ITG(1)
ML
ITG
MOTG
0
CTT ITG(2) V4
TS
ColS(2)
ColS CLw
CL
SCP
Cul PQL + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CTT: Central tegmental tract Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive ICbllA: Inferior cerebellar artery ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus OS: Occipital sinus
SS
OS
Dc 0
PCA: Posterior cerebral artery PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SS: Straight sinus TPF: Transverse pontine fibers TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
463
- 80
PF – 50
LEFT
RIGHT
AQL
Axial - Cadaver –24(–24mm)
R
L
BA
+ 80
A
PPC
PiG
SpS
SOM
SS
SS CrG MObG
OlB ICA(1)
ICA(2) CavS
P
ML
STS ZB LL STG PHG STS STS ColS
0
PN
TB
ITS
OTS
TPF
PcF
ITG
CbllT ITG
CLw
IcF
AQLa MOG
PF
AQL
PQL TS
PF
– 80
PQL
NC
MLF
DN
GN
+ 50
ACP: Anterior clinoid process AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule AQLa: Anterior quadrangular lobule, anterior BA: Basilar artery CavS: Cavernous sinus CbllT: Cerebellar tentorium CfS: Confluence of sinuses CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CrG: Crista galli Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus EmN: Emboliform nucleus
FN: Fastigial nucleus GN: Globose nucleus ICA: Internal carotid artery IcF: Intraculminate fissure ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LL: Lateral lemniscus ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MObG: Medial orbital gyrus MOG: Middle occipital gyrus MTG: Middle temporal gyrus MTN: Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
Tu
Val
CfS
Dc
0
NC: Nucleus ceruleus OlB: Olfactory bulb OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PcF: Preculminate fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PiG: Pituitary gland PN: Pontine nucleus PPC: Prepontine cistern PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SOM: Superior oblique muscle
464
FN
EmN
SCP PSF SSL – 50
SpS: Sphenoid sinus SS: Straight sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TPF: Transverse pontine fibers TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber Val: Vallecula ZB: Zygomatic bone
MTN
LEFT
RIGHT
MTG
Axial - MRI –24(–26mm)
R
L
A
PHG
TPF
AICA
P
ML
+ 80
ColS
CTT
MOTG
MOTG ColS
PHG
RIGHT
ITG 0
N5
NC
TS CLw CLw
SCP
V4
AQL CL
PQL
Cul + 50
AICA: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CL: Central lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing ColS: Collateral sulcus CTT: Central tegmental tract Cul: Culmen Dc: Declive ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N5: Trigeminal nerve NC: Nucleus ceruleus
SS
OS 0
OS: Occipital sinus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SS: Straight sinus TPF: Transverse pontine fibers TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
465
Dc
PF
PSF – 50
– 80
LEFT
ITG
Axial - Cadaver –26(–26mm)
R
L
LRM
+ 80
A
N3
CavS
MRM EthC SpS
OlB CrG
ICA
MRM
ON
ICA
N3 LRM
P
STG
OptN BA
ML
PHG
ColS
STS STS SpS MTG PN MOTG(1)
ColS
0
TB LEFT
RIGHT
N5 TPF
ITS MOTG(2)
ITG STT
AQLa
MCP IcF
IcF AQLp TS
PF
PSF MLF
– 80
V4
No
Uv
PbF
Tu
+ 50
AQLa: Anterior quadrangular lobule, anterior AQLp: Anterior quadrangular lobule, posterior BA: Basilar artery CavS: Cavernous sinus CfS: Confluence of sinuses ColS: Collateral sulcus CrG: Crista galli CTT: Central tegmental tract DN: Dentate nucleus EthC: Ethmoidal cell Fol: Folium ICA: Internal carotid artery IcF: Intraculminate fissure
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve NC: Nucleus ceruleus
Fol
Val
CfS NC
SCP TS
0
No: Nodule OlB: Olfactory bulb ON: Optic nerve OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PSF: Posterior superior fissure SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SpS: Sphenoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus
466
LGF
DN – 50
STS: Superior temporal sulcus STT: Spinothalamic tract TB: Temporal bone TPF: Transverse pontine fibers TS: Transverse sinus Tu: Tuber Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula
SSL
CTT
Axial - MRI –26(–28mm)
R
L
A
ITG
PHG
V4
CTT
P
PHG
+ 80
N5 ITG
RIGHT
CLw
0
AQL
DN SCP
Dc(1) PQL
PSF
PSF
SSL + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule CLw: Central lobule, wing CTT: Central tegmental tract Dc: Declive DN: Dentate nucleus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle N5: Trigeminal nerve OS: Occipital sinus PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure
OS
Dc(2) 0
SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SSL: Superior semilunar lobule V4: Fourth ventricle
467
PF
SSL – 50
– 80
LEFT
N5
MCP
Axial - Cadaver –28(–28mm)
R
L
IPtS
+ 80
A
LRM
N6
ON
MRM
BA
SB
OlB
IPtS
ICA
N3
CavS
P
LRM STG
PHG CST
STS
ColS
N5 N5 TB OTS TPF MTG MOTG
MOTG
RIGHT
SppS(1) ITS
0
ITG
ITG
ML
PN
MLF CTT PF PF SppS(2) PSF MCP HF V4
– 80
No
Uv
OA
LGF
PbF Py
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery CavS: Cavernous sinus CfS: Confluence of sinuses ColS: Collateral sulcus CST: Corticospinal tract CTT: Central tegmental tract DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule HF: Horizontal fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus
LGF: Lunogracile fissure LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N3: Oculomotor nerve N5: Trigeminal nerve N6: Abducens nerve No: Nodule OA: Occipital artery
Val
CfS
OB TS
0
OB: Occipital bone OlB: Olfactory bulb ON: Optic nerve OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PN: Pontine nucleus PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SB: Sphenoid bone SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SppS: Sphenoparietal sinus
468
GL
DN
SSL – 50
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone TPF: Transverse pontine fibers TS: Transverse sinus Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula
SCP
LEFT
OTS
ITS
Axial - MRI –28(–30mm)
R
L
A
MGTO
BA
ML
P
PGH
N5
+ 80
MCP N5
CLw
0
AQL
V4 TS
PQL SSL
Py + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CLw: Central lobule, wing DN: Dentate nucleus Fol: Folium MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N5: Trigeminal nerve OS: Occipital sinus PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure
Fol
OS 0
Py: Pyramis SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TS: Transverse sinus V4: Fourth ventricle
469
DN
SSL – 50
PSF
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
CLw
Axial - Cadaver –30(–30mm)
R
L
ICA
+ 80
LRM
A
BA
Star
NB CrP
SpS
MRM
IPtS
ColS
STG
P
STS MOTG
STG IPtS ITS
STS PN
TB MTG
RIGHT
0
OTS
ITG
ITG
SCP
TPF PSF Uv
CTT
PQL AQL SigS
PF
DN SigS BvLm
V4 GL – 80
SSL
To
LGF
GL
No
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CfS: Confluence of sinuses ColS: Collateral sulcus CrP: Cribriform plate CTT: Central tegmental tract DN: Dentate nucleus GL: Gracile lobule ICA: Internal carotid artery IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus
ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus LGF: Lunogracile fissure LRM: Lateral rectus muscle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus NB: Nasal bone No: Nodule OB: Occipital bone OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PLF: Posterolateral fissurez
PLF
Py
CfS
0
PN: Pontine nucleus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SCP: Superior cerebellar peduncle SigS: Sigmoid sinus SSL: Superior semilunar lobule Star: Superior tarsus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone To: Tonsil
470
SCM
BvLl
PbF – 50
TPF: Transverse pontine fibers Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
OB
LEFT
OTS
ITS
Axial - MRI −30(−32mm)
R
L
A
MOTG
MCP
PN
BA
V4
P
N5
+ 80
Uv
DN
0
SSL
SSL
ISL HF
HF
Fol + 50
BA: Basilar artery DN: Dentate nucleus Fol: Folium HF: Horizontal fissure ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus N5: Trigeminal nerve OS: Occipital sinus PN: Pontine nucleus Py: Pyramis SSL: Superior semilunar lobule Uv: Uvula
OS 0
V4: Fourth ventricle
471
Py
ISL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
DN
Axial - Cadaver −30(−30mm)
R
+ 44
L
A
ICA
N6
TPF
BA
CST
P
ICA
OptN
STG
N5(1)
OptN
N6
PN
ColS
N5(1) ColS
Dur
0
N5(2)
CTT TPF MLF
ML MCP PF PF - 36
PQL V4
To + 30
BA: Basilar artery ColS: Collateral sulcus CST: Corticospinal tract CTT: Central tegmental tract DN: Dentate nucleus Dur: Dura mater ICA: Internal carotid artery ICA: Internal carotid artery MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus N5: Trigeminal nerve N6N: Abducens nerve nucleus
No
Uv
N6N 0
No: Nodule OptN: Ophthalmic nerve PF: Primary fissure PN: Pontine nucleus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule STG: Superior temporal gyrus To: Tonsil TPF: Transverse pontine fibers Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
472
DN - 30
LEFT
RIGHT
N5(2)
Axial - MRI −30(−32mm)
R
L
A
P
N7m
BA
+ 44
CST
N6
TPF
N5
CTT
0
MCP MCP
AQL FC Uv + 30
- 36
DN 0
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CST: Corticospinal tract CTT: Central tegmental tract DN: Dentate nucleus FC: Facial colliculus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle N5: Trigeminal nerve N6: Abducens nerve N7m: Motor nucleus of facial nerve TPF: Transverse pontine fibers Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
473
- 30
LEFT
RIGHT
V4
Axial - Cadaver −32(−32mm)
R
L
ITG
+ 80
A
LRM
ICA
PN
MRM
SpS
BA
CST
ICA
IPtS
P
LRM
N6
ML IPtS
STS
MTG
LRM ITS(1)
TB ITS(2) MOTG
MOTG ITG 0
TB
MCP
PLF MLF AQL PF
MC
SigS
N6
PQL
No EV
PSF
- 80
HF
LVN V4
To
BvLm
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CST: Corticospinal tract DN: Dentate nucleus EV: Emissary vein HF: Horizontal fissure IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus
LRM: Lateral rectus muscle LVN: Lateral vestibular nucleus MC: Mastoid cell MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N6: Abducens nerve No: Nodule OS: Occipital sinus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus
IbF PbF
Val
OS
Py
Uv
0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PLF: Posterolateral fissure PN: Pontine nucleus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SigS: Sigmoid sinus SpS: Sphenoid sinus STS: Superior temporal sulcus TB: Temporal bone To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula
474
ISL - 50
V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula
DN
LEFT
RIGHT
OTS
Axial - MRI −32(−34mm)
R
L
A
TG
No
BA
CST
P
ML
+ 80
MCP MCP
DN
0
AQL DN
SSL Uv
Py
PQL
ISL + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery CST: Corticospinal tract DN: Dentate nucleus Fl: Flocculus Fol: Folium ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus No: Nodule OS: Occipital sinus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule Py: Pyramis
Fol
OS 0
SSL: Superior semilunar lobule TG: Temporal gyrus Uv: Uvula
475
ISL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
Fl
Axial - Cadaver −33(−33mm)
R
L
IPtS
+ 80
A
LRM
ICA
PN
MRM
BA
SpS
CST
ICA
IPtS
P
STG
ITS(1) TG TG
STS
ML
ITG
ITS(2)
0
MOTG
OTS
ITG
N6N LEFT
RIGHT
N6
STT
TB PLF
MCP
AQL
LVN
MC PF No PQL
SigS
PSF
EV
V4 - 80
HF MLF
To
BvLm
+ 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CST: Corticospinal tract DN: Dentate nucleus EV: Emissary vein HF: Horizontal fissure IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus ITS: Inferior temporal sulcus
LRM: Lateral rectus muscle LVN: Lateral vestibular nucleus MC: Mastoid cell MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle N6: Abducens nerve N6N: Abducens nerve nucleus No: Nodule OS: Occipital sinus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus
IbF PbF
Val OS SCM
Py
0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PF: Primary fissure PLF: Posterolateral fissure PN: Pontine nucleus PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SigS: Sigmoid sinus SpS: Sphenoid sinus STG: Superior temporal gyrus STS: Superior temporal sulcus STT: Spinothalamic tract
476
Uv
ISL - 50
TB: Temporal bone TG: Temporal gyrus To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula
DN
Axial - MRI −33(−36mm)
R
L
A
N6
BA
CST
P
FC
+ 80
V4
MCP
N8
0
To
Uv
DN
ISL
OS + 50
BA: Basilar artery CST: Corticospinal tract DN: Dentate nucleus FC: Facial colliculus Fol: Folium ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle N6: Abducens nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve No: Nodule OS: Occipital sinus Py: Pyramis To: Tonsil
Fol 0
Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
477
Py - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
No
Axial - Cadaver −34(−34mm)
R
L
ICA
+ 80
A
IRM
VB Lens
N6
PN
BA
CST
MRM
IRM
ICA
LRM
P
TGa
TGa IPtS
OTS
IPtS
MTG
N6 OTS MOTG
ITG
ITG
MLF
RIGHT
0
N7(1) LVN N8 AQL
Fl
MCP
PLF
ICP
MC PQL
SigS SigS PSF HF
EV
EV
N6N - 80
MLF
To
PopF BvLm Py SCM Val + 50
AQL: Anterior quadrangular lobule BA: Basilar artery BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CST: Corticospinal tract EV: Emissary vein EV: Emissary vein Fl: Flocculus HF: Horizontal fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LRM: Lateral rectus muscle LVN: Lateral vestibular nucleus MC: Mastoid cell MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MRM: Medial rectus muscle MTG: Middle temporal gyrus N6: Abducens nerve N6N: Abducens nucleus N7: Facial nerve N7int: Intermedius nerve
OS Uv
OB
No
V4
N7(2)
0
N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve No: Nodule OB: Occipital bone OS: Occipital sinus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PLF: Posterolateral fissure PN: Pontine nucleus PopF: Postpyramidal fissure PQL: Posterior quadrangular lobule PSF: Posterior superior fissure Py: Pyramis SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SigS: Sigmoid sinus
478
- 50
TGa: Trigeminal ganglion To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula VB: Vitreous body
ICP
ISL
LEFT
N7int
N8
Axial - MRI −34(−38mm)
R
L
A
N6
CST
BA
P
N6
FC
+ 80
V4
MCP
RIGHT
No 0
N8
To
Flp Uv
DN ISL + 50
BA: Basilar artery CST: Corticospinal tract DN: Dentate nucleus FC: Facial colliculus Flp: Flocculus, peduncle Fol: Folium ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle N6: Abducens nerve N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve No: Nodule OS: Occipital sinus
OS
Fol 0
PopF: Postpyramidal fissure Py: Pyramis To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
479
Py
PopF - 50
- 80
LEFT
N7
Axial - Cadaver −36(−36mm)
R
+ 80
L
MOTG
A
MxN
IPtS
IRM
N6
SpS
LB
NB
ICS
PN
BA
ICA
MxN
P
N6
ITG OTS MMA MN MOTG
ITG
MN
ML
IPtS
N7(1)
CST N8
0
Mal
Mal
ScD
Fl
STT
SON
ClaN
BvL
PLF
MC
ICP MLF SigS
V4
VN
EV
EV - 80
To
SF
BvL
PbF
Val
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery BvL: Biventral lobule Cla: Cochlea ClaN: Cochlear nucleus CST: Corticospinal tract EOP: External occipital protuberance EV: Emissary vein Fl: Flocculus ICA: Internal carotid artery ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ICS: Intercavernous sinus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle
ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LB: Lacrimal bone Mal: Malleus MC: Mastoid cell ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve N6: Abducens nerve N7: Facial nerve
EOP
OS SCM 0
N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve NB: Nasal bone OB: Occipital bone OS: Occipital sinus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PbF: Prebiventral fissure PLF: Posterolateral fissure PN: Pontine nucleus Py: Pyramis ScD: Semicircular duct SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus
480
OB
Py - 50
SON: Superior olivary nucleus SpS: Sphenoid sinus STT: Spinothalamic tract To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula VN: Vestibular nucleus
Uv
ISL
LEFT
RIGHT
Cla N7(2)
Axial - MRI −36(−40mm)
R
L
A
N7
BA
CP
V4
N6
P
N7
+ 80
N8
N8
V4a
0
Fl No
DN To
Uv
GL
To
BvLl + 50
BA: Basilar artery BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CP: Choroid plexus DN: Dentate nucleus Fl: Flocculus Fol: Folium GL: Gracile lobule N6: Abducens nerve N7: Facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve No: Nodule OS: Occipital sinus
OS 0
Py: Pyramis To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle V4a: Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle
481
Py
BvLm - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
Fol
Axial - Cadaver −38(−38mm)
R
L
IPtS
+ 80
ICA
A
MxN
PN
SpS
BA
CST
IPtS
ICA
IRM
MxN
MN
P
MOTG
OTS
MOTG
MMA
MN
ITG ML
N8
OvW
LEFT
RIGHT
N7
0
Sta
Fl
OvW ICP BvL MLF BvLl SigS
MC
V4 BvLm
EV - 80
ISL
Uv
Py
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery BvL: Biventral lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CST: Corticospinal tract EV: Emissary vein Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle
ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure MC: Mastoid cell ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve N7: Facial nerve N7m: Motor nucleus of facial nerve N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve
Val
OS
SCM
To
N7m
0
OS: Occipital sinus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus OvW: Oval window PN: Pontine nucleus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure Py: Pyramis SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SigS: Sigmoid sinus SpS: Sphenoid sinus Sta: Stapes To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
482
LGF - 50
Val: Vallecula
GL
PPF
Axial - MRI −38(−42mm)
R
L
V4
A
VeA(2)
Py d
VeA(1)
IO N
P
N7
+ 80
Fl
V4a
0
Fl MCP
To
Uv
SF
GL GL OS + 50
BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule ION: Inferior olivary nucleus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle N7: Facial nerve OS: Occipital sinus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid SF: Secondary fissure To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle
Py 0
V4a: Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
483
- 80
BvLm - 50
LEFT
RIGHT
To
Axial - Cadaver −40(−40mm)
R
L
A
MxN
+ 80
IRM
ML
PN
SpS
CST
IRM
MxN
BA
P
ICA IPtS
ICA MOTG
MN MMA
IPtS OTS
ITG MLF
0
IbF
Fl
BvLm
N7
BvLl
VN
PPF SigS
TB
PPF
SigS
GL GL(1)
EV - 80
V4
To
LGF
+ 50
BA: Basilar artery BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CP: Choroid plexus CST: Corticospinal tract EV: Emissary vein Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle
ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus LGF: Lunogracile fissure ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve N7: Facial nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve OB: Occipital bone OS: Occipital sinus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus
CP
Val
OS 0
PN: Pontine nucleus PPF: Prepyramidal fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus SpS: Sphenoid sinus TB: Temporal bone To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle Val: Vallecula VN: Vestibular nucleus
484
To
GL(2)
OB - 50
LGF
LEFT
RIGHT
N9 ICP
Axial - MRI −40(−44mm)
R
L
A
ION
VeA
VeA
P
V4
+ 80
Fl
Fl
0
Uv ICP
BvLm
GL
BvLm
Py + 50
OS 0
BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LGF: Lunogracile fissure OS: Occipital sinus Py: Pyramis To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
485
LGF
GL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
To
Axial - Cadaver −40(−40mm)
R
L
A
MxN
+ 44
PN
ICS
P
TPF MxN
BA MN ICA
ICA
N9 MN MOTG MMA
OTS ITG
0
CST ML
MCP Fl
MLF
N9
BvLl VN
ICP
V4 - 36
BvLm
Np
+ 30
AuT: Auditory tube BA: Basilar artery BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CST: Corticospinal tract Fl: Flocculus GL: Gracile lobule ICA: Internal carotid artery ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ICS: Intercavernous sinus ITG: Inferior temporal gyrus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus
To 0
MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MOTG: Medial occipitotemporal gyrus MxN: Maxillary nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve Np: Nucleus prepositus OTS: Occipitotemporal sulcus PN: Pontine nucleus To: Tonsil TPF: Transverse pontine fibers V4: Fourth ventricle VN: Vestibular nucleus
486
BvLm
GL - 30
LEFT
RIGHT
AuT
Axial - MRI −40(−44mm)
R
L
A
P
AICA
VeA(2)
+ 44
VeA(1) Pyd
ML ION
N12N
0
Fl VN
Fl V4a
MCP + 30
AICA: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery Fl: Flocculus ION: Inferior olivary nucleus MCP: Middle cerebellar peduncle ML: Medial lemniscus N12N: Hypoglossal nerve nucleus N8: Vestibulocochlear nerve Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle V4a: Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
Uv
To 0
VN: Vestibular nucleus
487
V4 - 30
- 36
LEFT
RIGHT
N8
Axial - Cadaver −42(−42mm)
R
L
IPtS
+ 80
V4
A
MxN
IRM
MLF
ML
Pyd
VeA(1)
MxA
IRM
VeA(2)
MN
P
ICA
MN IPtS MMA MMA ICA
N9 N10 N10
STA 0
TyM
STV IJV ECP
VN
PPF
BvL
SigS PPF GL SigS
BvL To
GL
OV - 80
OA
ISL
OB
+ 50
BvL: Biventral lobule CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern ECP: Extraventricular choroid plexus GL: Gracile lobule ICA: Internal carotid artery ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus
MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N10: Vagus nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve OA: Occipital artery OB: Occipital bone OS: Occipital sinus OV: Occipital vein PPF: Prepyramidal fissure Pyd: Pyramid SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle
CMC
SCM 0
SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus STA: Superfi cialtemporal artery STV: Superfi cialtemporal vein To: Tonsil TyM: Tympanic membrane V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
488
OS
SF
ISL - 50
LGF
LEFT
RIGHT
ICP
Axial - MRI −42(−46mm)
R
L
A
VeA(2)
Pyd
VeA(1)
P
ION
+ 80
N12N
V4
N9
0
To BvL
Uv
SF
BvLm
GL
Py + 50
BvL: Biventral lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule ION: Inferior olivary nucleus N12N: Hypoglossal nerve nucleus N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve OS: Occipital sinus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid SF: Secondary fissure To: Tonsil
OS
CMC 0
Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
489
BvLl
GL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
N9
Axial - Cadaver −44(−44mm)
R
L
A
MxN
+ 80
IOM
IRM
MLF
ML
RaN Pyd
VeA(1)
IRM IOM
MxN
P
ION
VeA(2)
MN MN Nam MMA IPtS STT ICA ICA N10
N5st
N12N
0
ICP
IJV
N7
N7
BvLm BvLm IbF
VN
SigS
IbF
BvLl
SigS
GL(1) PPF
PbF - 80
GL(2) V4
To
CMC
+ 50
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fi ssure ICA: Internal carotid artery ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle IJV: Internal jugular vein IOM: Inferior oblique muscle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle ML: Medial lemniscus
MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MxN: Maxillary nerve N10: Vagus nerve N10D: Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve N12N: Hypoglossal nerve nucleus N5st: Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve N7: Facial nerve Nam: Nucleus ambiguus Nst: Nucleus of solitary tract OA: Occipital artery OB: Occipital bone
SCM
OB 0
PbF: Prebiventral fissure PPF: Prepyramidal fissure Pyd: Pyramid RaN: Raphe nucleus SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SigS: Sigmoid sinus STT: Spinothalamic tract To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
490
Nst
BvLl - 50
OA
LEFT
RIGHT
N10D
Axial - MRI −44(−48mm)
R
L
A
VeA(2)
Pyd
VeA(1)
P
ION
+ 80
V4
ML
N10
0
To
BvLm BvLm
BvLl
BvLl
GL ISL + 50
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LR: Lateral recess of fourth ventricle ML: Medial lemniscus N10: Vagus nerve OS: Occipital sinus Py: Pyramis Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil
Uv
OS
CMC 0
Uv: Uvula V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
491
Py
GL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
LR
Axial - Cadaver −46(−46mm)
R
L
A
MxN
+ 80
IOM
IRM
N12N
MNC
MNC
Pyd
IOM
MxS
MxA
MxN
P
VeA(1)
MN ML
VeA(2)
MMA
ION
IPtS
ICA
N10 0
N11sr
IJV EAM
BvLm
N7
MC
BvLm
SigS
IbF
BvLl
BvLl
GL SCaM OA - 80
SCaM
IbF
PbF
SF
SCM
+ 50
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern EAM: External acoustic meatus GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein IOM: Inferior oblique muscle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus IRM: Inferior rectus muscle MC: Mastoid cell
ML: Medial lemniscus MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MNC: Middle nasal concha MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N5st&n: Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus N7: Facial nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N12N: Hypoglossal nerve nucleus OA: Occipital artery
OB
CMC
0
OB: Occipital bone PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pyd: Pyramid SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery
492
To MLF
N5st&n - 50
PbF
OA
LEFT
RIGHT
N10
Axial - MRI −46(−50mm)
R
L
A
ION
VeA
Pyd
VeA
P
MLF
+ 80
V4 VN
ICP
0
IbF BvLm
MA BvLl
PbF
ISL
GL LGF + 50
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ISL: Inferior semilunar lobule LGF: Lunogracile fissure MA: Median aperture MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure
ISL
OS
CMC 0
Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
493
LGF
GL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
To
Axial - Cadaver −48(−48mm)
R
L
MN
+ 80
ION
A
MxN
IOM
MLF
ML
Pyd
VeA(1)
VeA(2)
MxN
MxA
P
MN AuT
AuT MMA
STT IPtS
ICA N12
RIGHT
STA 0
IJV
N11sr
STA
IJV N7 VN BvLm BvL SigS
SF
IbF
IbF
OA OA
SCaM - 80
SCaM GL
PPF
OB
+ 50
AuT: Auditory tube BvL: Biventral lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein IOM: Inferior oblique muscle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus ML: Medial lemniscus
MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N12: Hypoglossal nerve N7: Facial nerve Nst: Nucleus of solitary tract OA: Occipital artery OB: Occipital bone PPF: Prepyramidal fissure
SCM
CMC SCM 0
Pyd: Pyramid SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus STA: Superficial temporal artery STT: Spinothalamic tract To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery VN: Vestibular nucleus
494
Nst
To - 50
BvLl
LEFT
N10
N10
Axial - MRI −48(−52mm)
R
L
ICP
A
VeA
Pyd
ML
P
VeA
N12
+ 80
BvLm ION
0
IbF IbF
BvLl
PbF
PbF BvLl
GL LGF + 50
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LGF: Lunogracile fissure ML: Medial lemniscus N12: Hypoglossal nerve OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pyd: Pyramid
OS
CMC 0
To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery
495
LGF
GL - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
To
Axial - Cadaver −50(−50mm)
R
L
Pyd
+ 80
A
MxA
MxN
LCM
NLD
NLD LCM
MxN
MxA
VeA(1)
P
AuTcp
AuT MN MN
MMA
IAF
ICA
IPtS
IPtS VeA(2)
STA 0
IJV N10 N7 N7
N11sr Ncu
ION
SigS
SF
BvLm
OA
OA
SCaM
NG
SCaM - 80
SF
MLF + 50
AuT: Auditory tube AuTcp: Auditory tube, cartilaginous part BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern IAF: Internal arcuate fibers ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus IPtS: Inferior petrosal sinus LCM: Longus capitis muscle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve
MxA: Maxillary artery MxN: Maxillary nerve N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N7: Facial nerve Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus NG: Nucleus gracilis NLD: Nasolacrimal duct OA: Occipital artery OB: Occipital bone Pyd: Pyramid RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle
SCM OB
SCM
0
SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SF: Secondary fissure SigS: Sigmoid sinus STA: Superfi cialtemporal artery To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery
496
CMC
RCpmj
To - 50
LEFT
RIGHT
N10
Axial - MRI −50(−54mm)
R
L
A
To
VeA
Pyd
VeA
P
ION
+ 80
V4
BvLm
ICP
RIGHT
BvLm 0
IbF IbF
PbF(1) BvLl
PbF(2) GL(1)
GL
BvLl + 50
BvL: Biventral lobule BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule IbF: Intrabiventral fissure ICP: Inferior cerebellar peduncle ION: Inferior olivary nucleus OS: Occipital sinus PbF: Prebiventral fissure Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle
OS
CMC 0
VeA: Vertebral artery
497
PbF
GL(2) - 50
- 80
LEFT
BvL
Axial - Cadaver −50(−50mm)
R
L
A
MxA(1)
+ 44
Pyd
P
MxA(1)
Cliv
MxA(2)
MxA(2)
LCM MN
VeA(1)
ION
MN AuT
MMA
MMA
0
VeA(2)
ICA
ICA N10 N10
IAF
MLF
SCT BvLm
N11sr – 36
BvLm
Ncu + 30
AuT: Auditory tube BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial Cliv: Clivus IAF: Internal arcuate fibers ICA: Internal carotid artery ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LCM: Longus capitis muscle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MxA: Maxillary artery N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root
NG 0
N12: Hypoglossal nerve Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus NG: Nucleus gracilis Pyd: Pyramid SCT: Spinocerebellar tract To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery
498
To – 30
LEFT
RIGHT
N12
Axial - MRI −50(−54mm)
R
L
A
VeA
Pyd
ML
P
VeA
+ 44
N12N ION
N10D N12N
BvLm
0
To
VN
BvLm
BvLl
To
secondary fissure
GL
CM C + 30
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule ION: Inferior olivary nucleus ML: Medial lemniscus N10D: Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve N12N: Hypoglossal nerve nucleus Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
BvLl 0
VN: Vestibular nucleus
499
GL – 30
– 36
LEFT
RIGHT
V4
Axial - Cadaver −51(−51mm)
R
L
M xA
+ 80
A
AuTcp
MxS
N LD
Cliv
VeA(1)
LCM
SAA
P
MxA
AuT AuT
MMA VeA(2)
Pyd
RIGHT
N10
ION 0
STA N7 IJV N11sr N10 MP N12
DiMp
N11sr
OA OA
– 80
SCaM SCaM
BvLm
RCpmj
SCM
CMC
+ 50
AuT: Auditory tube AuTcp: Auditory tube, cartilaginous part BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial Cliv: Clivus CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CuN: Cuneate nucleus CyP: Condyloid process DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly EOP: External occipital protuberance ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LCM: Longus capitis muscle
MMA: Middle meningeal artery MP: Mastoid process MxA: Maxillary artery MxS: Maxillary sinus N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N12: Hypoglossal nerve N7: Facial nerve NLD: Nasolacrimal duct OA: Occipital artery OB: Occipital bone Pyd: Pyramid RCpmi: Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
CuN
EOP 0
SAA: Superior alveolar artery SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle STA: Superficial temporal artery VeA: Vertebral artery
500
SCM
RCpmi
OB – 50
BvLm
LEFT
ICA
CyP
Axial - MRI −51(−56mm)
R
L
A
ML
Pyd
VeA
P
V4
VeA
+ 80
V4a
To 0
BvLm
BvLm
BvLl
BvLl
GL + 50
OS
CMC 0
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule ML: Medial lemniscus OS: Occipital sinus Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil V4: Fourth ventricle V4a: Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
501
GL – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
To
Axial - Cadaver −52(−52mm)
R
+ 80
L
AuTcp
A
SAA
MxS
NLD
LCM
Cliv
NLD
LCM
MxA
P
VeA(1)
MN
AuT
VeA(2)
Pyd
MMA HyC N12 N12 ICA
RIGHT
STA
ION
0
IJV N7 IAF BvLm N11sr MtN STT MP EV DiMp SCaM
OA Ncu
OV
SCM – 80
MLF
RCpmj
CMC
SCM
+ 50
AuT: Auditory tube AuTcp: Auditory tube, cartilaginous part BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial Cliv: Clivus CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly EOP: External occipital protuberance EV: Emissary vein HyC: Hypoglossal canal IAF: Internal arcuate fibers ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus
LCM: Longus capitis muscle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MtN: Mastoid notch MP: Mastoid process MxA: Maxillary artery MxS: Maxillary sinus N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N12: Hypoglossal nerve N7: Facial nerve N9: Glossopharyngeal nerve
RCpmj
EOP
OB
SCM
RCpmj
0
Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus To: Tonsil NG: Nucleus gracilis VeA: Vertebral artery NLD: Nasolacrimal duct OA: Occipital artery OB: Occipital bone OV: Occipital vein Pyd: Pyramid RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SAA: Superior alveolar artery SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle STA: Superficial temporal artery STT: Spinothalamic tract
502
NG – 50
To
LEFT
N10
N9
Axial - MRI −52(−58mm)
R
L
A
VeA
ML
Pyd
P
VeA
+ 80
V4a
To BvLm 0
BvLm
BvLl
BvLl
GL + 50
OS
CMC 0
BvLl: Biventral lobule, lateral BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern GL: Gracile lobule ML: Medial lemniscus OS: Occipital sinus Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil V4a: Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
503
GL – 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
To
Axial - Cadaver −54(−54mm)
R
L
MxA
+ 80
A
AuT
AuTcp
VeA(1)
LCM
NLD
SAA
P
MxA AuTcp LCM
Rca AuT
MN
MMA
MMA HyC Rca ICA
N10
N10
STA
0
IJV IJV STT
N7 VeA(2)
N11sr
ION DiMp
DiMp OA
EV
N11sr OA
– 80
SCaM
MLF Ncu
NG + 50
AuT: Auditory tube AuTcp: Auditory tube, cartilaginous part BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly EV: Emissary vein HyC: Hypoglossal canal ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein ION: Inferior olivary nucleus LCM: Longus capitis muscle MLF: Medial longitudinal fasciculus MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve
RCpmj SCM
RCpmi
SCM 0
MxA: Maxillary artery SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle N10: Vagus nerve STA: Superficial temporal artery N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root STT: Spinothalamic tract N7: Facial nerve VeA: Vertebral artery Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus NG: Nucleus gracilis NLD: Nasolacrimal duct OA: Occipital artery Pyd: Pyramid Rca: Rectus capitis anterior muscle RCpmi: Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle SAA: Superior alveolar artery SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle
504
RCpmj
Ncu – 50
BvLm
LEFT
RIGHT
Pyd
Axial - MRI −54(−60mm)
R
L
A
Pyd
P
VeA
+ 80
VeA
0
V4a
To
To CMC + 50
- 80
BvLm 0
BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil V4a: Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle VeA: Vertebral artery
505
- 50
LEFT
RIGHT
Ncu
Axial - Cadaver −56(−56mm)
R
+ 80
L
MxA(2)
MxA(1)
A
MxS
SAA
SepC
LCM
AuTcp
MxS
P
SAA AuT
MN LPM
VeA MN MMA
RIGHT
0
CyP
N10
STA
SyP
SyP IJV Pyd PyD
N7
BvLm
MP DiMp
OA EV
OA
Ncu N11sr
SCaM - 80
BvLm CeC
RCpmj
SCM
RCpmi EOC
+ 50
AuT: Auditory tube AuTcp: Auditory tube, cartilaginous part BvLm: Biventral lobule, medial CeC: Central canal CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern CyP: Condyloid process DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly EOC: External occipital crest EV: Emissary vein ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein LCM: Longus capitis muscle LPM: Lateral pterygoid muscle
MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MP: Mastoid process MxA: Maxillary artery MxS: Maxillary sinus N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root N7: Facial nerve Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus NG: Nucleus gracilis OA: Occipital artery PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery Pyd: Pyramid
RCpmi
SCM
0
PyD: Pyramidal decussation Rca: Rectus capitis anterior muscle RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SAA: Superior alveolar artery SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SepC: Septal cartilage STA: Superficial temporal artery SyP: Styloid process VeA: Vertebral artery
506
CMC
NG - 50
PICA
LEFT
Rca
ICA
Axial - MRI −56(−62mm)
R
L
A
VeA
P
VeA
Pyd
+ 80
0
CeC
NG
To
CMC + 50
0
CeC: Central canal CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern Ncu: Nucleus cuneatus NG: Nucleus gracilis Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery
507
To - 50
- 80
LEFT
RIGHT
Ncu
Axial - Cadaver −58(−58mm)
R
L
MxA
+ 80
ZB
A
MPM
LPP
SAA
SepC
Pyd
SAA
AuTcp
P
MPM LPP
LPM
MxA
MN
TM
LCM
Rca MMA
MMA
0
ICA LEFT
RIGHT
ICA
STA N10 N10 IJV IJV N7
VeA
OA DiMp SCT OA PyD
SCaM
N11sr
SAS – 80
RCpmj
TrM
SCM RCpmi NG
+ 50
AuTcp: Auditory tube, cartilaginous part DiMp: Digastric muscle, posterior belly ICA: Internal carotid artery IJV: Internal jugular vein LCM: Longus capitis muscle LPM: Lateral pterygoid muscle LPP: Lateral pterygoid plate MMA: Middle meningeal artery MN: Mandibular nerve MPM: Medial pterygoid muscle MxA: Maxillary artery N10: Vagus nerve N11sr: Accessory nerve, spinal root
N7: Facial nerve NG: Nucleus gracilis OA: Occipital artery Pyd: Pyramid PyD: Pyramidal decussation Rca: Rectus capitis anterior muscle RCpmj: Rectus capitis posterior major muscle SAA: Superior alveolar artery SAS: Subarachnoid space SCaM: Splenius capitis muscle SCM: Semispinalis capitis muscle SCT: Spinocerebellar tract SepC: Septal cartilage
SCM 0
SES: Spinal epidural space STA: Superficial temporal artery TM: Temporal muscle TrM: Trapezius muscle VeA: Vertebral artery ZB: Zygomatic bone
508
TrM
RCpmj
SES – 50
SCaM
Axial - MRI −58(−64mm)
R
L
A
P
Pyd
Pyd
+ 80
VeA
0
NG
To
CMC + 50
To 0
CMC: Cerebellomedullary cistern NG: Nucleus gracilis Pyd: Pyramid To: Tonsil VeA: Vertebral artery
509
– 50
– 80
LEFT
RIGHT
VeA
510
References
• Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA. Neuroscience, exploring the brain. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. • Carpenter MB. Neuroanatomy. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1991. • Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology. Terminologia anatomica. New York: Thieme; 1998. • Haines DE. Neuroanatomy. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. • Hanaway J, Woolsey TA, Gado MD, Roberts Jr MP. The brain atlas. Bethesda: Fitzgerald Science Press; 1998. • Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Sessel TM. Principals of neural science. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000. • Moore KL, Dalley AF. Clinically oriented anatomy. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. • Mazziotta JC, Toga AW, Frackowiak RSJ. Brain mapping. The disorders. San Diego: Academic; 2000. • Nolte J, Angevine Jr JB. The human brain. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995. • Park JS, Chung MS, Hwang SB, Shin BS, Park HS. Visible Korean human: its techniques and applications. Clin Anat. 2006;19:216. • Salvolini U, Scarabino T. High field brain MRI. Berlin: Springer; 2006. • Schaltenbrand G, Hassler RG, Wahren W. Atlas of stereotaxy of the human brain. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1977. • Spitzer VM, Whitelock DG. Atlas of the visible human male. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International; 1998. • Talairach J, Tournoux P. Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain: 3-dimentional proportional system: an approach to cerebral imaging. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1988. • Toga AW, Mazziotta JC. Brain mapping. The methods. San Diego: Academic; 1996.
511
Abbreviations
A
B
AC
Anterior commissure
BA
Basilar artery
ACA
Anterior cerebral artery
BIC
Brachium of inferior colliculus
ACG
Anterior cingulate gyrus
BM
Bone marrow
ACoA
Anterior communicating artery
Bmob
Bone marrow of occipital bone
ACP
Anterior clinoid process
BN
Bed nucleus of stria terminalis
ACS
Anterior calcarine sulcus
BNM
Basal nucleus of Meynert
ACV
Anterior cerebral vein
BP
Basis pontis
AdH
Adenohypophysis
BSC
Brachium of superior colliculus
AG
Angular gyrus
BV
Basal vein
AICA
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
BvL
Biventral lobule
AL
Ansa lenticularis
BvLl
Biventral lobule, lateral
Amg
Amygdaloid nucleus
BvLm
Biventral lobule, medial
AN
Anterior nucleus
AObG
Anterior orbital gyrus
AP
Ansa peduncularis
ApN
Anteroprincipal nucleus
Aq
Aqueduct
CalA
Calcar avis
AQL
Anterior quadrangular lobule
CalS
Calcarine sulcus
AQLa
Anterior quadrangular lobule, anterior
CavS
Cavernous sinus
AQLp
Anterior quadrangular lobule, posterior
Cbll
Cerebellum
AR
Auditory radiation
CbllC
Cerebellar commissure
ArD
Articular disc
CbllF
Cerebellar falx
ArG
Arachnoid granulation
CbllT
Cerebellar tentorium
ASV
Anterior septal vein
CbllWM
Cerebellar white matter
AuT
Auditory tube
CC
Corpus callosum
AuTcp
Auditory tube, cartilaginous part
CCb
Corpus callosum, body
AvN
Anteroventral nucleus
CCF
Corpus callosum fiber
C
512
CCg
Corpus callosum, genu
CR
Corona radiata
CCr
Corpus callosum, rostrum
CRa
Corona radiata, anterior
CCs
Corpus callosum, splenium
CrC
Crus cerebri
CCtg
Corpus callosum, toward the genu
CrG
Crista galli
CCts
Corpus callosum, toward the splenium
CRp
Corona radiata, posterior
CeC
Central canal
CrP
Cribriform plate
CeS
Central sulcus
CRs
Corona radiata, superior
CeSIN
Central sulcus of insula
CS
Cingulate sulcus
CF
Cerebral falx
Cso
Centrum semiovale
CfS
Confluence of sinuses
CSP
Cavum septum pellucidum
CG
Cingulate gyrus
CST
Corticospinal tract
Cg
Cingulum
CSu
Coronal suture
Cgc
Cingulum, supracallosal
CTT
Central tegmental tract
Cgh
Cingulum, hippocampal
CtT
Cerebellothalamic tract
CGi
Cingulate gyrus, isthmus
Cu
Cuneus
CGrs
Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial
Cul
Culmen
CGS
Central gray substance
Cula
Culmen, anterior
Cgs
Cingulum, subcallosal
Culp
Culmen, posterior
ChC
Chiasmatic cistern
CuN
Cuneate nucleus
ChF
Choroid fissure
CV
Cavum vergae
ChR
Chiasmatic recess
Cv
Clava
CirS
Circular sulcus of insula
CyP
Condyloid process
CL
Central lobule
Cl
Claustrum
Cla
Cochlea
ClaN
Cochlear nucleus
Cliv
Clivus
ClPa
Sphenoid bone, anterior clinoid process
CLw
Central lobule, wing
CM
Centromedian nucleus
CMA
Callosomarginal artery
DB
Diagonal band of Broca
CMC
Cerebellomedullary cistern
Dc
Declive
CN
Caudate nucleus
Der
Dermis
CNb
Caudate nucleus, body
DG
Dentate gyrus
CNh
Caudate nucleus, head
DH
Dorsal hypothalamus
CNt
Caudate nucleus, tail
DiMp
Digastric muscle, posterior belly
ColS
Collateral sulcus
DLF
Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
CP
Choroid plexus
DM
Dorsomedial nucleus
CP3
Choroid plexus in the third ventricle
DN
Dentate nucleus
CP4
Choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle
DRN
Dorsal raphe nucleus
Cpa
Choroid plexus, through lateral aperture
DRTt
Dentatorubrothalamic tract
CPlv
Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle
DSC
Dorsal supraoptic commissure
CQ
Corpora quadrigemina
Dur
Dura mater
D
513
E
G
EAM
External acoustic meatus
GA
Galea aponeurotica
EC
External capsule
GCT
Geniculocalcarine tract
ECP
Extraventricular choroid plexus
GCV
Great cerebral vein
EmC
Extreme capsule
GL
Gracile lobule
EML
External medullary lamina
GN
Globose nucleus
EmN
Emboliform nucleus
GP
Globus pallidus
Ent
Entorhinal cortex
GPe
Globus pallidus, external segment
EOC
External occipital crest
GPi
Globus pallidus, internal segment
EOP
External occipital protuberance
GPll
Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina
Epi
Epidermis
GPml
Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina
EthC
Ethmoidal cell
EV
Emissary vein
Ey
Eyeball
F
H Hb
Habenula
HC
Habenular commissure
HF
Horizontal fissure
Hi
Hippocampus
Hia
Hippocampus, alveus
FB
Frontal bone
Hic
Hippocampus, commissure
FC
Facial colliculus
Hif
Hippocampus, fimbria
FF
Fields of Forel
HiS
Hippocampal sulcus
Fl
Flocculus
Hit
Hippocampus, tail
Flp
Flocculus, peduncle
HN
Habenular nucleus
FMG
Frontomarginal gyrus
HS
Hypothalamic sulcus
Fmi
Forceps minor
HyC
Hypoglossal canal
Fmj
Forceps major
Hyp
Hypothalamus
FMP
Fasciculus mammillaris princeps
Hypa
Hypothalamus, anterior
FMS
Frontomarginal sulcus
Hypm
Hypothalamus, middle
FN
Fastigial nucleus
Hypp
Hypothalamus, posterior
FOF
Fronto-occipital fasciculus
Fol
Folium
FR
Fasciculus retroflexus
FrC
Frontal crest
FrN
Frontal nerve
IAF
Internal arcuate fibers
FSi
Frontal sinus
Ib
Infundibulum
Fx
Fornix
IBF
Interbiventral fissure
Fxb
Fornix, body
IbF
Intrabiventral fissure
Fxc
Fornix, column
IC
Internal capsule
Fxcr
Fornix, crus
ICa
Internal capsule, anterior limb
Fxpe
Fornix, precommissural
ICA
Internal carotid artery
FZS
Frontozygomatic suture
ICbllA
Inferior cerebellar artery
I
514
ICc
Commissure of inferior colliculus
ISL
Inferior semilunar lobule
IcF
Intraculminate fissure
ISS
Inferior sagittal sinus
ICg
Internal capsule, genu
IT
Inner table
ICol
Inferior colliculus
ITG
Inferior temporal gyrus
ICP
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
ITS
Inferior temporal sulcus
ICp
Internal capsule, posterior limb
IVF
Interventricular foramen
ICrl
Internal capsule, retrolenticular
ICS
Intercavernous sinus
ICsl
Internal capsule, sublenticular
ICV
Internal cerebral vein
IFG
Inferior frontal gyrus
IFGob
Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part
IFGop
Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part
IFGtr
Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part
IFO
Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
IFS
Inferior frontal sulcus
LaG
Lacrimal gland
IFStr+ob
Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part and orbital part
Lam
Lambda
LamS
Lambdoid suture
IG
Insular gyrus
LB
Lacrimal bone
IJV
Internal jugular vein
LCF
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
ILF
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
LCM
Longus capitis muscle
ImFS
Intermediate frontal sulcus
LD
Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus
IML
Internal medullary lamina
Lens
Lens
IN
Insula
LF
Lenticular fasciculus
INC
Inferior nasal concha
LG
Lingual gyrus
InG
Induseum griseum
Lg
Lingula
INlg
Insula, long gyrus
LGen
Line of Gennari
INM
Inferior nasal meatus
LGF
Lunogracile fissure
INsg
Insula, short gyrus
LGi
Lingual gyrus, isthmus
IO
Inferior olive
LGN
Lateral geniculate nucleus
IOG
Inferior occipital gyrus
LgS
Lingual sulcus
IOM
Inferior oblique muscle
LHA
Lateral hypothalamic area
ION
Inferior olivary nucleus
LI
Limen insulae
IOP
Internal occipital protuberance
LL
Lateral lemniscus
IOS
Inferior occipital sulcus
LN
Lentiform nucleus
IPC
Interpeduncular cistern
LObG
Lateral orbital gyrus
IPF
Interpeduncular fossa
LObS
Lateral orbital sulcus
IPS
Intraparietal sulcus
LOG
Lateral occipital gyrus
IPtS
Inferior petrosal sinus
LOTG
Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
IpyF
Intrapyramidal fissure
LP
Lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus
IR
Infundibular recess
LPM
Lateral pterygoid muslce
IRG
Inferior rostral gyrus
LPN
Lateral preoptic nucleus
IRM
Inferior rectus muscle
LPP
Lateral pterygoid plate
J Jsm+stg
Junction of supramarginal and superior temporal gyrus
L
515
LPS
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
MObG
Medial orbital gyrus
LPv
Lateral pulvinar nucleus
MOG
Middle occipital gyrus
LR
Lateral recess of fourth ventricle
MOTG
Medial occipitotemporal gyrus
LRM
Lateral rectus muscle
MP
Mastoid process
LS
Lateral sulcus
MPM
Medial pterygoid muscle
Lsa
Lateral sulcus, anterior ramus
MpT
Mesopontine tegmentum
LT
Lamina terminalis
MRM
Medial rectus muscle
LV
Lateral ventricle
MS
Marginal sulcus
LVa
Lateral ventricle, anterior horn
Msi
Marginal sinus
LVb
Lateral ventricle, body
MTF
Mammillotegmental fasciculus
LVi
Lateral ventricle, inferior horn
MTG
Middle temporal gyrus
LVN
Lateral vestibular nucleus
MtN
Mastoid notch
LVp
Lateral ventricle, posterior horn
MTN
Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
LVP
Levator veli palatini
MTT
Mammillothalamic tract
LVtif
Lateral ventricle, toward the inferior horn
MxA
Maxillary artery
LVtr
Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone
MxN
Maxillary nerve
LVtt
Lateral ventricle, toward the trigone
MxS
Maxillary sinus
M
N
MA
Median aperture
N10
Vagus nerve
Mal
Malleus
N10D
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
MB
Mammillary body
N11
Accessory nerve
MC
Mastoid cell
N11s
Spinal accessory nerve
MCA
Middle cerebral artery
N11sr
Accessory nerve, spinal root
MCAM1
Middle cerebral artery M1 segment
N12
Hypoglossal nerve
MCP
Middle cerebellar peduncle
N12N
Hypoglossal nerve nucleus
MCVs
Superficial middle cerebral vein
N3
Oculomotor nerve
MDcp
Mandible, condylar process
N3N
Oculomotor nerve nucleus
MeFG
Medial frontal gyrus
N4
Trochlear nerve
MFB
Medial forebrain bundle
N4N
Trochlear nerve nucleus
MFG
Middle frontal gyrus
N5
Trigeminal nerve
MGN
Medial geniculate nucleus
N5st
Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
MI
Massa intermedia
N5st&n
Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus
MiTN
Midline thalamic nuclei
N6
Abducens nerve
ML
Medial lemniscus
N6N
Abducens nerve nucleus
MLF
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
N7
Facial nerve
MM
Masseter muscle
N7int
Intermedius nerve
MMA
Middle meningeal artery
N7m
Motor nucleus of facial nerve
MN
Mandibular nerve
N7N
Facial nerve nucleus
MNC
Middle nasal concha
N8
Vestibulocochlear nerve
MNM
Middle nasal meatus
N9
Glossopharyngeal nerve
MO
Medulla oblongata
NA
Nucleus accumbens
516
Nam
Nucleus ambiguus
NB
Nasal bone
NC
Nucleus ceruleus
Ncu
Nucleus cuneatus
NG
Nucleus gracilis
NH
Neurohypophysis
NI
Nucleus interpositus
NLD
Nasolacrimal duct
No
Nodule
Np
Nucleus prepositus
Nr
Nucleus reuniens
Nst
Nucleus of solitary tract
O
P PaA
Paralofactory area
PaG
Periaqueductal gray substance
PaGl
Parotid gland
PaL
Paracentral lobule
PB
Parietal bone
PbF
Prebiventral fissure
PC
Posterior commissure
Pc
Precuneus
PcA
Pericallosal artery
PCA
Posterior cerebral artery
PCAa
Posterior cerebralartery, anteriortemporal branch
PCApo
Posterior cerebralartery, parieto-occipital branch
PCApt
Posterior cerebralartery, posteriortemporal branch
PcF
Preculminate fissure
PcG
Paracingulate gyrus
PCG
Posterior cingulate gyrus
OA
Occipital artery
PCoA
Posterior communicating artery
OB
Occipital bone
PCP
Posterior clinoid process
ObG
Orbital gyrus
PF
Primary fissure
OC
Optic chiasm
PG
Pineal gland
OCS
Obliquus capitis superioris muscle
PHG
Parahippocampal gyrus
OG
Occipital gyrus
PHyA
Posterior hypothalamic area
OL
Occipital lobe
PiC
Piriform cortex
OlA
Olfactory area
PICA
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
OlB
Olfactory bulb
PiG
Pituitary gland
OlB&T
Olfactory bulb and tract
PLF
Posterolateral fissure
OlS
Olfactory sulcus
PMS
Parietomastoid suture
OlT
Olfactory tract
PN
Pontine nucleus
Oltr
Olfactory trigone
Po
Pons
OlTu
Olfactory tubercle
POA
Preoptic area
OMS
Occipitomastoid suture
PObG
Posterior orbital gyrus
ON
Optic nerve
POF
Perpendicular occipital fasciculus
OptN
Ophthalmic nerve
PoG
Postcentral gyrus
OR
Optic radiation
PoN
Preoccipital notch
ORml
Optic radiation, Meyer's loop
PopF
Postpyramidal fissure
OS
Occipital sinus
POS
Parieto-occipital sulcus
OT
Optic tract
PoS
Postcentral sulcus
OTS
Occipitotemporal sulcus
PPC
Prepontine cistern
OuT
Outer table
PPF
Prepyramidal fissure
OV
Occipital vein
PQL
Posterior quadrangular lobule
OvW
Oval window
PR
Pineal recess
517
PrF
Precentral fissure
SCaM
Splenius capitis muscle
PrG
Precentral gyrus
SCbllA
Superior cerebellar artery
PrS
Precentral sulcus
SCbllV
Superior cerebellar vein
PSF
Posterior superior fissure
SCc
Commissure of superior colliculus
PSN
Posterior septal nucleus
Scc
Sulcus of corpus callosum
PT
Planum temporale
ScD
Semicircular duct
Ptc
Pretectum
SCG
Subcallosal gyrus
PTCS
Posterior transverse collateral sulcus
SCM
Semispinalis capitis muscle
PTG
Paraterminal gyrus
Scom
Supramammillary commissure
Pu
Putamen
SCP
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Pv
Pulvinar nucleus
SCPd
Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation
PVN
Paraventricular nucleus
SCR
Suprachiasmatic recess
Py
Pyramis
SCT
Spinocerebellar tract
Pyd
Pyramid
SCV
Superior cerebral vein
PyD
Pyramidal decussation
SemL
Semilunar lobule
Sep
Septal nucleus
SepC
Septal cartilage
SES
Spinal epidural space
SF
Secondary fissure
SFG
Superior frontal gyrus
SFO
Superior fronto-occipital fasciculus
SFPG
Superior frontopolar gyrus
SfS
Sphenofrontal suture
SFS
Superior frontal sulcus
SG
Straight gyrus
SgB
Spongy bone
SI
Substantia innominata
SigS
Sigmoid sinus
SL
Stria longitudinalis
SLF
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
SLs&i
Superior and inferior semilunar lobule
SMG
Supramarginal gyrus
SMT
Stria medullaris thalami
SMV
Superior medullary velum
SN
Substantia nigra
SN5N
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Q QC
Quadrigeminal cistern
QP
Quadrigeminal plate
R RaN
Raphe nucleus
Rca
Rectus capitis anterior muscle
RCpmi
Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
RCpmj
Rectus capitis posterior major muscle
RetN
Reticular nucleus
RF
Reticular formation
RMV
Retromandibular vein
RN
Red nucleus
RNc
Red nucleus, capsule
S
SN5T
Spinal trigeminal tract
SAA
Superior alveolar artery
SNc
Substantia nigra, pars compacta
SAS
Subarachnoid space
SNC
Superior nasal concha
SB
Sphenoid bone
SNM
Superior nasal meatus
Sb
Subiculum
SNr
Substantia nigra, pars reticularis
SC
Superior colliculus
SOG
Superior occipital gyrus
SCA
Subcallosal area
SOM
Superior oblique muscle
518
SON
Superior olivary nucleus
SoR
Supraoptic recess
SP
Septum pellucidum
SpC
Spinal cord
SPL
Superior parietal lobule
SppS
Sphenoparietal sinus
SpS
Sphenoid sinus
SPs
Stylus of septum pellucidum
SPS
Subparietal sulcus
SPtS
Superior petrosal sinus
SRG
Superior rostral gyrus
SRM
Superior rectus muscle
SS
Straight sinus
SSL
Superior semilunar lobule
SSS
Superior sagittal sinus
Ssu
Sagittal suture
ST
Stria terminalis
Sta
Stapes
STA
Superficial temporal artery
Star
Superior tarsus
STFG
Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus
STG
Superior temporal gyrus
STN
Subthalamic nucleus
STS
Superior temporal sulcus
STT
Spinothalamic tract
STV
Superficial temporal vein
SubF
Subcutaneous fat
SubT
Subcutaneous tissue
SuCV
Superficial cerebral vein
SV
Septal vein
SVV
Superior vermian vein
SyP
Styloid process
SZ
Stratum zonale
T TB
Temporal bone
TC
Tela choroidea
TCF
Transverse cerebral fissure
TcG
Transcapsular gray
TF
Thalamic fasciculus
TFPG
Transverse frontopolar gyrus
TG
Temporal gyrus
TIT
Tuberoinfundibular tract
TL
Temporal lobe
TM
Temporal muscle
To
Tonsil
TP
Temporal pole
Tp
Tapetum
TPF
Transverse pontine fibers
TrG
Trigeminal ganglion
TrM
Trapezius muscle
Tro
Trochlea
TS
Transverse sinus
TSV
Thalamostriate vein
TTG
Transverse temporal gyrus
TTGa
Anterior transverse temporal gyrus
TTGp
Posterior transverse temporal gyrus
Tu
Tuber
TuC
Tuber cinereum
TV
Thalamic vein
TyC
Tympanic cavity
TyM
Tympanic membrane
519
U
Z
UF
Uncinate fasciculus
ZB
Zygomatic bone
Un
Uncus
ZI
Zona incerta
Uv
Uvula
V V3
Third ventricle
V4
Fourth ventricle
V4a
Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle
VA
Ventral anterior nucleus
Val
Vallecula
VB
Vitreous body
VeA
Vertebral artery
VI
Velum interpositum
VL
Ventral lateral nucleus
VLac
Venous lacuna
VN
Vestibular nucleus
VP
Ventral posterior nucleus
VPL
Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
VPM
Ventral posterior medial nucleus
VS
Ventral striatum
VTA
Ventral tegmental area
520
Index
ERRNVPHGLFRVRUJ A
Ansa lenticularis (AL) 72, 74, 76, 77, 79–85, 281, 433, 435
Abducens nerve (N6) 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 62, 64, 68, 74, 90, 122, 236, 242, 246, 248, 252, 284, 286, 292, 468, 473, 474, 476–481
Ansa peduncularis (AP) 69, 74
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Abducens nerve nucleus (N6N) 472, 476, 478
Accessory nerve (N11) 116, 118, 224, 226, 228, 232, 236, 240, 242, 248, 254, 286, 290, 292, 296, 304
22, 23, 25–38, 40–54, 56–59, 61–63, 263, 265–267, 272, 278, 400, 417, 426–428, 430–432, 434–444, 446, 454
Anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) 252, 256, 258
Anterior clinoid process (ACP) Accessory nerve, spinal root (N11sr) 122, 124, 130, 132, 134, 138, 492, 494, 496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Adenohypophysis (AdH) 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 256, 260, 262, 264, 268, 270, 274, 445, 447, 456, 460
Amygdaloid (Amg) nucleus 58, 60–82, 84, 88, 94, 214, 216, 218, 220–222, 224, 226–240, 242–244, 246, 248, 286, 288, 289, 292–304, 306–308, 310, 311, 436, 438, 440–446, 448–451, 453–456, 458
Angular gyrus (AG) 133, 135, 138, 142, 144–151, 153–158, 160–166, 168, 170, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196–216, 218, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 312, 314–332, 334–338, 340, 342, 360, 364, 366, 368–371
462, 464
Anterior commissure (AC) 60, 62–70, 74, 81, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238–240, 242–247, 249, 252–263, 265–269, 271–274, 276, 278–281, 284–286, 290–292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 424–430, 432, 434, 436
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) 465, 487
Anterior nucleus (AN) 72–79, 81, 83–86, 88, 89, 94, 95, 250–256, 258, 259, 262, 266–273, 275, 401, 403–405, 408–410, 414, 415
Anterior orbital gyrus (AObG) 6–23, 25–29
521
Anterior quadrangular lobule (AQL) 110, 112–114, 116–128, 131, 132, 134, 136–153, 157, 159, 160, 215, 217–227, 229–238, 240–242, 281, 283–287, 289–297, 299–306, 311, 438, 442–444, 446, 448–465, 467, 469, 470, 473–476, 478
Anterior quadrangular lobule, anterior (AQLa)
B Basal vein (BV) 117, 123, 127, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 253, 255, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 423, 425, 427, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439
462, 464, 466
Basilar artery (BA) Anterior quadrangular lobule, posterior (AQLp) 466
Anterior transverse temporal gyrus (TTGa) 196, 198, 200, 202–204, 206
Anteroprincipal nucleus (ApN) 88
Anteroventral nucleus (AvN) 82, 86, 255, 404
78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 90, 92, 96, 98, 255–261, 263–267, 270, 272, 278, 284, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459–462, 464, 466, 468–482, 484, 486
Basis pontis (BP) 82, 84, 95, 103, 105, 247, 253, 255, 259, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 285
Bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BN) 62, 68, 70, 252, 270, 272, 422, 428, 429
Biventral lobule (BvL)
105, 109, 111, 113–115, 117, 119, 121, 262–264, 431–439, 441–451, 454
118, 122–125, 128–139, 142–151, 154–159, 164, 215, 217, 219, 222, 223, 225, 227, 231, 233, 235–243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 259, 261, 263, 265, 269, 271, 275, 277, 281, 283, 286, 287, 293, 295, 298, 299, 301, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311, 480, 482, 488, 489, 494, 497
Arachnoid granulation (ArG)
Biventral lobule, lateral (BvLl)
348, 350, 352, 354
226, 229, 230, 232, 234, 282, 289, 290, 292, 296, 300, 302, 306, 308, 310, 470, 481, 482, 484, 486, 489–495, 497, 499, 501, 503
Aqueduct (Aq)
Articular disc (ArD) 186, 188
Biventral lobule, medial (BvLm) Auditory radiation (AR) 94, 95, 214, 217, 220–225, 306, 307, 310, 311, 315, 414, 422, 428, 429
228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 240, 246, 248, 252, 258, 264, 268, 272, 274, 278–280, 284, 470, 474, 476, 478, 481–486, 489–506
Auditory tube (AuT)
Brachium of inferior colliculus (BIC)
66, 220, 310, 486, 494, 496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506
290
Auditory tube, cartilaginous part (AuTcp)
Brachium of superior colliculus (BSC)
66, 496, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
102, 104
522
C
Cavum vergae (CV) 108
Calcar avis (CalA)
Central canal (CeC)
218, 222, 310, 312
506, 507
Calcarine sulcus (CalS)
Central gray substance (CGS)
127, 129, 131, 133–181, 226–229, 231, 233–235, 237–239, 241–243, 245, 249–252, 254–257, 260–263, 265, 269, 271, 274–277, 280, 281, 283, 286–289, 291–293, 295–302, 304, 306, 310, 312, 407, 410–413, 416–422, 424–428, 430, 431, 433, 436–439, 443, 445
104, 106, 108, 109, 114–116, 120, 121, 435, 446, 454
Central lobule (CL) 24, 126, 128, 130–138, 140, 244, 246, 248–250, 252–256, 258–260, 262–269, 271–279, 435, 438, 440–457, 459–461, 463, 465
Callosomarginal artery (CMA) 40, 42, 45, 47, 49–51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67–69, 71, 75, 77, 81, 89, 100, 108, 109, 121, 250, 252, 263, 267, 370, 372, 373, 375, 377, 381, 383, 385, 387, 391, 393, 395, 399, 401, 402, 405, 407, 419, 421
Central lobule, wing (CLw)
Caudate nucleus (CN)
Central sulcus (CeS)
408, 429
62, 70, 72, 76, 78, 79, 82–86, 90–93, 96–99, 102–107, 110–113, 115–120, 122, 123, 125, 128, 186–219, 222–231, 234–239, 242–245, 248–252, 254–257, 260, 261, 264, 268, 270, 271, 274, 276, 277, 280–283, 286– 289, 292–295, 298–309, 312–324, 326–343, 348–383, 386–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416–419
Caudate nucleus, body (CNb) 66–95, 97–109, 111, 113, 230, 232–234, 236–245, 287, 289–294, 296–298, 388, 390, 392–397
102, 104, 106, 108, 116, 118, 122–127, 131, 133, 135, 137, 227–232, 234–236, 238–242, 279–282, 284–286, 288, 290, 294–296, 298, 299, 445–465, 467, 469
Caudate nucleus, head (CNh) 32, 34, 36–65, 230–247, 249–255, 258, 260, 271, 273, 275, 277–293, 295, 297, 299, 395, 398–403, 405–419, 421–426, 428–432, 435
Central sulcus of insula (CeSIN)
Caudate nucleus, tail (CNt)
Central tegmental tract (CTT)
80, 82, 86, 88–104, 106–114, 116, 117, 120, 121, 212, 214–216, 219–224, 226, 229, 300–302, 304–307, 310, 312, 314–316, 403, 405, 408–411, 414, 415, 417, 420–432, 434, 436, 438–440
435, 442, 448, 450, 457, 461, 463, 465–468, 470, 472, 473
206–217, 221, 309, 311, 313, 315–318, 320, 403, 404, 406, 428
Centromedian nucleus (CM) 85, 86, 88, 90, 91, 95–97, 99–101, 103, 105, 242–244, 246, 247, 249–253, 276, 278–281, 422, 423, 428, 429
Cavernous sinus (CavS) 55, 56, 58–61, 63, 65–67, 70, 72, 76, 82, 84, 86, 242, 244, 276, 280, 282, 286, 462, 464, 466, 468
Centrum semiovale (Cso)
Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP)
Cerebellar commissure (CbllC)
50, 51, 414
140, 152, 153, 460
370, 379, 380
523
Cerebellar falx (CbllF)
Cingulate gyrus (CG)
166, 168, 404
16–118, 120–127, 132, 134, 176, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251–253, 255–268, 270–272, 274–279, 281, 369, 371–413, 415–421, 424, 425, 430, 432, 434, 440
Cerebellar tentorium (CbllT) 109, 112, 118, 120, 124, 126, 127, 130, 132, 136, 138, 146, 148, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 164, 166, 170, 274, 276, 286, 292, 298, 300, 304, 306, 308, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444, 452, 455, 456, 458, 461, 462, 464
Cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC) 137, 138, 142–151, 154, 156, 158, 159, 162, 163, 165, 167, 169, 254, 260, 264, 270, 276, 280, 282, 286, 488–497, 499–503, 505–507, 509
Cerebellothalamic tract (CtT) 440
Cingulate gyrus, isthmus (CGi) 118, 120, 126–128, 260, 274, 275, 279
Cingulate gyrus, retrosplenial (CGrs) 126, 128, 134, 253, 258, 260, 262, 266, 268, 272, 273, 278, 394, 396, 408
Cingulate sulcus (CS) 12, 14–84, 87–120, 122, 127, 128, 242–245, 248, 249, 251, 254–263, 265, 268–272, 274, 275, 277, 279–283, 286, 287, 369, 372–374, 376, 378–394, 396–403, 405–407, 410–414, 416, 418–420, 426, 430, 436, 442, 444
Cerebral falx (CF)
Cingulum (Cg)
4–42, 44, 46–48, 50–87, 89–156, 158, 160–173, 180, 264, 266, 268, 351, 352, 354, 356–374, 376, 378, 380, 382, 384–386, 388, 390, 392, 394, 396, 400, 404, 406, 410, 412, 416–418, 420, 424, 426, 430, 432, 436, 438, 442, 444, 448, 450, 452, 456
34, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62–64, 66, 68–70, 72–75, 80, 81, 86, 88–90, 92, 94–96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108–110, 112, 114, 115, 120, 121, 216, 218, 222, 230, 232, 236, 240, 242, 250, 254, 270, 274, 276, 278–280, 286, 288, 292, 300, 302, 306, 310, 312, 314, 387–389, 391, 393, 396, 397, 440
Choroid fissure (ChF) 109, 220
Cingulum, subcallosal (Cgs) Choroid plexus (CP)
70, 71
75, 120, 123, 127, 129, 220, 225, 227, 232, 243, 269, 282, 291, 296, 297, 396, 398, 402, 409, 415, 419, 428, 429, 431, 481, 484
Circular sulcus of insula (CirS) 214, 219–223, 225, 227, 301, 303, 307, 310–312, 314, 315, 405
Choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle (CP4) 270, 272
Claustrum (Cl)
115, 119, 121, 290, 403, 408
42, 44, 46, 48, 50–55, 58–70, 72–84, 86–90, 92–95, 214, 216, 218–227, 303, 304, 306–308, 310, 312, 314, 398, 400, 402, 404, 406, 408–410, 412–415, 417–419, 422, 423, 426–430, 433, 434, 436, 438, 440
Choroid plexus in the third ventricle (CP3)
Clava (Cv)
75
263
Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle (CPlv)
524
Clivus (Cliv)
Corpus callosum fiber (CCF)
498, 500, 502
44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 62, 297, 385, 387–391, 393
Cochlea (Cla) 480
Corpus callosum, genu (CCg)
Cochlear nucleus (ClaN) 480
30, 32, 34–45, 47, 246, 251, 255–261, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269, 271–274, 277–279, 284, 398, 400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 412–424
Collateral sulcus (ColS)
Corpus callosum, rostrum (CCr)
59, 61, 64, 65, 67–74, 76, 77, 79–138, 140–142, 144–150, 152–154, 156, 158–160, 162, 164–166, 168, 170, 204, 212, 214, 215, 217–226, 228, 230, 232, 236, 237, 243, 295, 297, 299–301, 305–307, 309–311, 313, 433–435, 437–445, 447–455, 457, 459, 460, 462–466, 468, 470, 472
46–51, 53, 55, 246, 252, 259, 263, 265, 267, 269, 275, 279, 284
Commissure of inferior colliculus (ICc)
Corpus callosum, splenium (CCs) 104, 108, 110, 112–114, 116–123, 126, 232, 237, 239–243, 246, 247, 249, 252–255, 258–261, 263–267, 269, 271–279, 281, 283–285, 287, 291, 297, 396–405, 408–418, 420
454
Corpus callosum, toward the genu (CCtg) Commissure of superior colliculus (SCc)
396, 397
110, 121
Corticospinal tract (CST) 500, 506
252, 258, 259, 272, 274, 278, 461, 468, 472–480, 482, 484, 486
Confluence of sinuses (CfS)
Cribriform plate (CrP)
171–177, 179, 256, 260, 263–265, 269, 445, 448, 450–453, 456–459, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470
470
Condyloid process (CyP)
Crista galli (CrG) Coronal suture (CSu)
458, 462, 464, 466
348, 350, 352, 354, 356, 366, 390, 420
Crus cerebri (CrC) 38, 42, 228, 390, 392, 394, 396, 397
80, 82–84, 86–105, 240, 242, 244–261, 268, 272–281, 284–286, 290, 432–451, 454, 456, 460
Corpus callosum (CC)
Culmen (Cul)
66, 85, 86, 97, 102, 106, 111, 125, 283, 290, 401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411
128, 130, 132, 134, 136–150, 152, 244, 246, 247, 249, 252, 253, 255, 256, 258–261, 263, 265–267, 269–273, 275–278, 426, 428, 430–434, 436–442, 444, 446, 450, 454, 456–460, 462, 463, 465
Corona radiata (CR)
Corpus callosum, body (CCb) 46, 48–59, 61–65, 67–85, 87–95, 97–101, 103–105, 107–109, 115, 240, 243, 245–247, 251–255, 257–259, 261–269, 271–279, 281, 284, 285, 287, 290, 291, 392–397, 399
Culmen, anterior (Cula) 244, 248, 268, 443, 445, 449, 451, 453
525
Culmen, posterior (Culp)
Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF)
248, 443, 445, 449, 451, 453
410, 414
Cuneate nucleus (CuN)
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (N10D)
500
132, 490, 499
Cuneus (Cu)
Dorsomedial nucleus (DM)
129, 131–181, 231, 233, 235–239, 241, 243–246, 248, 251, 255–257, 260–265, 269–271, 274–277, 280–283, 287–289, 291, 293–299, 301, 380, 382, 386, 388, 390, 392–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410– 413, 416–421, 424, 425, 427, 430
78–105, 108, 249–281, 401, 403–405, 408–411, 414, 415, 417, 419, 422, 423
D
Dura mater (Dur) 62, 172, 178, 180, 348, 354, 366, 456, 462, 472
E
Declive (Dc)
Emboliform nucleus (EmN)
137, 139, 141–143, 145–147, 149–156, 158, 160, 165, 244, 247, 249–251, 254, 255, 257, 260, 263, 264, 268–271, 275–277, 280, 438, 444, 448, 450, 452, 453, 456–459, 462–465, 467
140, 141, 252, 254, 272, 462, 464
Dentate gyrus (DG) 95, 101, 109, 115, 121, 123, 127, 218, 220–229, 231, 233, 235, 239, 289–291, 296, 297, 299, 301–307, 311, 442
Dentate nucleus (DN) 88, 130, 132–140, 142–147, 237, 241–243, 245, 246, 248, 250, 252, 274, 275, 277–284, 286, 287, 290, 292, 464, 466–477, 479, 481
Emissary vein (EV) 98, 102, 104, 196, 198, 200, 334, 336, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 502, 504, 506
Entorhinal cortex (Ent) 56, 62, 64, 68, 74, 88, 232, 233
Epidermis (Epi) 176, 178, 180
Ethmoidal cell (EthC) 466
Dermis (Der) 176
External acoustic meatus (EAM) 492
Diagonal band of Broca (DB) 62
Digastric muscle, posterior belly (DiMp) 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Dorsal hypothalamus (DH) 426, 428
External capsule (EC) 46, 48–65, 68–95, 97, 218–227, 303–306, 310, 400, 402, 404, 406–410, 412–415, 418, 419, 422, 423, 427–430, 434, 436
External medullary lamina (EML) 76, 80, 94, 95, 296
526
External occipital crest (EOC)
Flocculus, peduncle (Flp)
506
133, 135, 137, 143, 479
External occipital protuberance (EOP)
Folium (Fol)
480, 500, 502
154–163, 165, 244, 248–251, 254, 255, 257, 260–263, 268, 270, 271, 274, 275, 462, 466, 469, 471, 475, 477, 479, 481
Extraventricular choroid plexus (ECP) 488
Forceps major (Fmj) Extreme capsule (EmC) 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52–58, 60–83, 87–90, 92, 94, 95, 214, 216, 218, 220–224, 226, 227, 304, 306–308, 310, 312, 402, 408–410, 414, 415, 419, 421–424, 427–430, 432, 434, 436
126, 128, 134, 142, 144, 146, 396, 400, 401, 404, 408, 419, 421
Forceps minor (Fmi) 30, 38, 396, 400, 401, 404, 425, 427, 428
Eyeball (Ey)
Fornix, body (Fxb)
5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 216, 318, 319
70–101, 240, 256–262, 265, 272, 273, 278, 283, 285, 400–405
Fornix, column (Fxc)
F Facial colliculus (FC) 473, 477, 479
64–70, 72, 74–77, 80, 114, 115, 255, 261–269, 273, 278, 406, 408–412, 414–416, 418–438, 440, 442, 446, 448
Fornix, crus (Fxcr) 102–115, 117, 121, 237, 239, 241, 242, 247, 248, 250, 252, 253, 255, 274, 275, 277, 279–282, 284, 287, 289–291, 404, 406, 408–410, 412, 414, 416
Facial nerve (N7) 104, 110, 112, 204, 206, 208, 212, 214, 216, 220, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 236, 240, 286, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 304, 310, 316, 320, 326, 328, 330, 478–484, 490, 492, 494, 496, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Fourth ventricle (V4) 123–127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 143, 247, 249, 251–253, 255, 257–267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 453, 455, 457, 459, 461, 463, 465–474, 476–491, 493, 497, 499, 501
Fasciculus retroflexus (FR) 268, 424, 426, 434, 435
Frontal bone (FB)
136, 141, 143, 260, 266, 268, 462, 464
210, 348, 350, 354, 356, 360, 364, 366, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382, 386, 388, 390, 412, 416, 418, 420, 444, 448, 450, 452, 456
Fields of Forel (FF)
Frontal crest (FrC)
86, 88–90, 94, 254, 258, 260, 273, 278, 279, 284
420, 424, 436, 452
Flocculus (Fl)
Frontal nerve (FrN)
117–119, 122–125, 129, 226, 228, 230–235, 238–241, 245, 287–293, 295–297, 299, 475, 478, 480–487
448, 452
Fastigial nucleus (FN)
527
Frontal sinus (FSi)
Globus pallidus, medial medullary lamina
456
(GPml)
Frontomarginal gyrus (FMG) 4–13
70–74, 77–79, 86–88, 231, 232, 237, 239–242, 283–287, 289–292, 294–297, 421–424, 426, 428, 429, 431
Frontomarginal sulcus (FMS)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (N9)
6, 8, 10
226, 228, 236, 240, 242, 246, 484, 486, 488, 489, 502
Fronto-occipital fasciculus (FOF) 30, 36, 39, 50, 51, 54, 62, 69, 72, 74–76, 88, 89, 108, 114, 120, 140, 216, 290, 381–387, 390, 392, 402, 403
Frontozygomatic suture (FZS) 8
Gracile lobule (GL) 116, 118, 122–125, 128–139, 142–151, 154–171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 209, 211, 213–223, 225–231, 234, 235, 237–239, 242, 243, 245, 280, 281, 283, 286–289, 293–296, 298, 299, 301–318, 320, 468, 470, 481–486, 488–495, 497, 499, 501, 503
Great cerebral vein (GCV)
G
117, 119–121, 123, 136, 249, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 402, 404, 406, 408, 416–419, 421, 423, 424, 426, 430, 432, 434
Globose nucleus (GN) 137, 139, 141, 143, 258, 464
H
Globus pallidus (GP) 66, 94, 253, 436
Habenula (Hb) 264, 419, 421, 423, 434
Globus pallidus, external segment (GPe) 59–64, 67–88, 90–93, 95, 224–237, 239–243, 245–247, 249, 281–304, 413–415, 417–419, 421–423, 425, 428–432, 434
Habenular commissure (HC) 108, 109, 266, 420, 422, 424, 425
Habenular nucleus (HN) Globus pallidus, internal segment (GPi)
108, 257, 259, 420, 422, 425
62, 64, 65, 67–89, 91, 226–237, 239–243, 245–249, 277, 279, 280, 282–285, 287, 289–301, 421, 423–426, 428–432, 434
Hippocampal sulcus (HiS)
Globus pallidus, lateral medullary lamina
Hippocampus (Hi)
(GPll)
78–120, 122, 125–127, 212, 214, 216, 218–224, 226–233, 235, 236, 238, 240, 242, 246, 248, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292–307, 310, 312, 314–316, 420, 421, 423–429, 431–439, 441–461
66, 68, 70–72, 74, 77, 79–83, 85–91, 93, 95, 228, 230–233, 236–239, 241, 287, 289, 291, 293–297, 302, 414, 418, 419, 426, 428, 429, 431
89, 92, 94, 434, 442, 446, 454
528
Hippocampus, alveus (Hia)
Hypothalamus, middle (Hypm)
100, 108, 109, 112, 114, 116, 120, 218, 220, 225, 227, 303, 305, 306, 310, 312, 314, 428, 440, 442, 446, 454, 455, 460
441
Hippocampus, commissure (Hic)
I
114, 403
Hippocampus, fimbria (Hif)
Inferior cerebellar artery (ICbllA)
95, 106, 108, 112, 114, 116, 117, 121, 123, 125, 127, 218, 220, 224–226, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 235, 246, 284, 286, 290, 292, 294, 295, 297–299, 302, 304, 412, 414, 416, 428, 430, 434
463
Hippocampus, tail (Hit)
Inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) 112, 118, 122, 124, 128–130, 132, 134, 136, 244, 246, 252, 253, 276, 478, 480, 482, 484–486, 488, 490, 493, 495, 497
414, 422
Inferior colliculus (ICol) Horizontal fissure (HF) 110, 112, 113, 116, 118, 122, 123, 125, 128–132, 134–138, 142–145, 147, 149–151, 154–164, 166–170, 172, 173, 203, 205, 207–217, 219, 222, 225–229, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 242, 243, 245, 248, 249, 251, 254, 256, 257, 261, 263–265, 269–271, 275, 276, 281–283, 287–289, 292–295, 298–309, 312–323, 325, 468, 471, 474, 476, 478
117–124, 126, 254, 255, 258, 259, 261, 265–267, 269–273, 439, 441, 443, 447, 448, 450, 451, 454
Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) 8, 10, 26, 27, 32, 39, 40, 45–47, 50, 57, 62, 117, 317, 318, 320, 331, 333, 396, 417, 425, 433
Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (IFGop) Hypoglossal canal (HyC) 502, 504
44–49, 52–59, 61, 186, 188, 190–208, 210, 316, 318–342, 373, 375, 377–384, 386–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416–421, 424–426, 448
Hypoglossal nerve (N12) 110, 112, 116, 118, 122, 226, 228, 232, 236, 240, 246, 248, 254, 280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 494, 495, 498, 500, 502
Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part (IFGob) 14–20, 38, 40, 41, 43, 48, 196, 198–213, 215, 294, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306–310, 312–329, 331, 419, 421, 425, 427, 436, 442, 444, 450
Hypoglossal nerve nucleus (N12N) 130, 487, 489, 490, 492, 499
Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part (IFGtr)
Hypothalamic sulcus (HS) 75, 77, 81, 89, 95, 101
19–26, 28–37, 40–43, 190, 192, 194–211, 213, 314, 316, 318–336, 338, 339, 387, 389–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410, 412, 413, 416–421, 424–427, 430, 432, 436
Hypothalamus (Hyp)
Inferior frontal sulcus (IFS)
68–70, 75, 81, 86, 252, 257, 259, 266, 271, 273, 424, 432, 435, 436, 438, 440–444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454
5–26, 28–37, 39–49, 52–59, 61, 62, 65, 67, 73, 77, 91, 125, 198, 200, 202–206, 210, 212, 216, 308, 314, 316, 318–320, 322–326, 328, 330, 373, 375, 377, 379, 381–384, 386–396, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416–420, 424, 426, 430
Hypothalamus, anterior (Hypa) 441
529
Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO) 38, 74, 314, 318
119, 123, 125, 127, 130, 132, 134, 136, 263–265, 390, 392–399, 401, 403, 405, 409, 421
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF)
Inferior semilunar lobule (ISL)
74, 76, 88, 102–104, 108, 120, 121, 126, 128, 140, 142, 158, 166, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 215, 216, 219–221, 233, 318, 320, 322, 323, 407, 417, 421
4, 8, 10, 12, 18, 20
112, 116, 118, 122, 130–138, 142–151, 154–166, 168, 170–174, 176, 203, 205, 207–214, 216, 218, 219, 221, 223–225, 227–231, 234–239, 242, 243, 245, 277, 280, 281, 283, 286–289, 293, 295, 298–304, 307–309, 311, 313–317, 319–321, 323, 325, 326, 328, 471, 474–480, 482, 488, 491, 493
Inferior nasal meatus (INM)
Inferior temporal gyrus (ITG)
Inferior nasal concha (INC)
20
Inferior oblique muscle (IOM) 4, 6, 8, 206, 208, 210, 490, 492, 494
Inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) 176–180, 196, 208, 210, 212, 214–217, 219, 222–225, 227–229, 231, 234, 235, 237–239, 242, 243, 245, 248, 249, 289, 292–295, 298, 299, 301–303, 305, 307–309, 312–329
40, 43, 44, 46–49, 52–61, 64–67, 70, 71, 73, 76–79, 82–87, 90, 93, 96–99, 102, 104–107, 110–113, 116, 118, 119, 122–125, 128–139, 141–146, 148–151, 154–162, 164, 166, 186, 188–205, 213, 304, 323, 325–333, 335–342, 420, 424, 426, 430, 432, 438, 439, 443–445, 448–453, 456–459, 462–468, 470, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486
Inferior temporal sulcus (ITS)
110–113, 116–118, 122, 124, 250–254, 278, 483, 485, 487, 489–500, 502, 504
40, 48, 52–61, 64–67, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 93, 96–99, 102, 103, 105–107, 110–113, 119, 123, 125, 129, 131, 133, 135, 155, 158, 186, 188–197, 199, 201, 203, 204, 206–208, 325–334, 336–343, 416, 420, 424, 426, 430, 451, 453, 456, 458, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470, 474, 476
Inferior petrosal sinus (IPtS)
Infundibular recess (IR)
78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 90, 92, 96, 98, 102, 104, 106, 110, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 248, 250, 280, 282, 286, 288, 290, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 468, 470, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496
74, 80, 266
Inferior olivary nucleus (ION)
Inferior rectus muscle (IRM) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 478, 480, 482, 484, 488, 490, 492
Inferior rostral gyrus (IRG) 7–22, 24–31, 33–41, 46, 250, 254, 256, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270–272, 274, 276, 278
Inferior sagittal sinus (ISS) 35, 37, 43, 49, 53, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 73, 77, 79, 91, 93, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 117,
Infundibulum (Ib) 69, 71, 74, 80, 441, 443, 456
Inner table (IT) 176, 178, 180
Insula (IN) 36–62, 64–73, 76–78, 82, 84, 86, 90–93, 95, 99, 101, 205, 218, 303, 308, 310, 312, 399, 401, 403, 404, 425–427, 432, 434–436
Insula, long gyrus (INlg) 206–215, 217, 219–221, 309, 311, 313–321, 402–404, 406, 407, 411–413, 416–418, 420, 424
530
Insula, short gyrus (INsg)
Internal cerebral vein (ICV)
204, 206–215, 217, 219, 221, 225, 307, 309, 311–318, 320, 322, 404, 406, 411–413, 416, 417, 419, 421, 424
70, 72, 74, 76, 78–81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99–103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 125, 127, 259, 261, 263, 265–267, 269, 271, 273, 397, 408, 409, 411, 414, 415, 423, 430
Intercavernous sinus (ICS) 61, 90, 258, 480, 486
Internal jugular vein (IJV) Intermediate frontal sulcus (ImFS) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 26, 32, 40
Intermedius nerve (N7int)
110, 112, 116, 118, 122, 124, 128, 130, 214, 216, 218, 220, 224, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
478
Internal medullary lamina (IML)
Internal arcuate fibers (IAF)
74, 76–78, 80–83, 85, 86, 88, 100, 254, 274, 275, 279, 404, 408, 410, 414
496, 498, 502
Internal occipital protuberance (IOP) Internal capsule (IC)
452
99, 287, 398, 399, 401
Interpeduncular cistern (IPC) Internal capsule, anterior limb (ICa)
84
45–69, 71, 76, 96, 230, 237, 239, 241, 243, 244, 246, 280, 282–286, 288–291, 293, 296, 297, 299, 402–412, 414–423, 425–429, 431
Interpeduncular fossa (IPF)
Internal capsule, genu (ICg) 70, 72–75, 77, 241, 243, 246–249, 252, 278, 400, 402, 404, 405, 408, 410, 412, 414–416, 418, 419, 422, 423, 428
86, 87, 89–91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 244, 250, 254, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445
Interventricular foramen (IVF) 75, 268
Internal capsule, posterior limb (ICp)
Intrabiventral fissure (IbF)
78–86, 88–92, 94–96, 226, 228, 230–238, 240–242, 280, 281, 285, 289–298, 300–305, 402, 409–412, 414–419, 421–423, 425–431
228, 234, 236, 240, 474, 476, 482, 484, 490, 492–495, 497
Intraculminate fissure (IcF) Internal capsule, retrolenticular (ICrl) 95, 101, 109
Internal capsule, sublenticular (ICsl)
128, 248, 288, 464,
130, 132, 134, 136, 142, 240, 244, 246, 254, 260, 262, 264, 266, 280, 282, 286, 439, 443, 445, 449, 451, 453, 456, 462, 466
224
Intraparietal sulcus (IPS) Internal carotid artery (ICA) 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 76, 78, 82, 84, 86, 90, 92, 96, 98, 102, 104, 106, 216, 218, 220, 222, 226, 230, 232, 234, 240, 246, 252, 278, 284, 290, 294, 296, 298, 302, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 445, 447, 449, 452, 454, 460, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
138, 142, 144–147, 149, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211–216, 218, 300, 302, 306, 308, 312, 314, 316–325, 327, 329–334, 357–362, 364, 366, 368–381, 383, 387, 391, 393, 395, 399, 401, 407, 411
Intrapyramidal fissure (IpyF) 260
531
J
424–427, 430–433, 436–439, 443, 445, 448–450, 452, 453, 456, 458
Junction of supramarginal and superior
Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (LOTG)
temporal gyrus (Jsm+stg)
72, 92, 106, 112, 114, 128, 129, 132–134, 136–138, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152–154, 156–161, 220
400
Lateral orbital gyrus (LObG) 4, 6–42, 45, 47–51, 53, 55, 216, 433, 437, 439, 442–444, 448
L Lateral orbital sulcus (LObS) 12, 16, 26
Lacrimal bone (LB) 480
Lateral posterior nucleus (LP)
Lacrimal gland (LaG)
90–97, 99–101, 232, 236, 237, 239–241, 243–245, 247, 249, 276, 278–291, 293, 295–297, 299, 400–404
4
Lambda (Lam)
Lateral preoptic nucleus (LPN) 246, 422
178, 180
Lambdoid suture (LamS)
Lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) 212, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 506, 508
176, 178, 180, 388, 390, 452
Lamina terminalis (LT)
Lateral pterygoid plate (LPP) 508
265, 267, 433, 435, 437, 439–441
Lateral aperture of fourth ventricle (V4a)
Lateral pulvinar nucleus (LPv) 296
481, 483, 487, 501, 503, 505
Lateral dorsal nucleus (LD)
Lateral recess (LR) of fourth ventricle 491
88
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) 92, 94, 95, 98, 100, 107, 226, 228, 230, 232, 233, 294, 296, 298, 300, 429–432, 434–437, 440
Lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) 74
Lateral lemniscus (LL) 112, 117, 118, 120, 449, 454, 455, 457, 458, 464
Lateral rectus muscle (LRM) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 204, 206, 208, 210, 318, 466, 468, 470, 474, 476, 478
Lateral sulcus (LS) 30, 32, 34, 36–38, 40–61, 64–67, 70–73, 76–79, 82–87, 90–93, 96–99, 102–107, 110–113, 116–120, 123, 186–211, 213, 214, 216–219, 222–228, 232, 233, 300, 301, 311, 314, 316–343, 370, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382, 384, 386–395, 398–402, 404–407, 410–412, 416, 418–421, 424–428, 430–432, 436–439, 441–446, 448–450
Lateral occipital gyrus (LOG) 96, 146, 161–176, 178–181, 202–207, 209, 214, 217, 303, 392, 394, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416–421,
Lateral sulcus, anterior ramus (LSa) 32
532
Lateral ventricle (LV)
Limen insulae (LI)
70, 304, 418
312
Lateral ventricle, anterior horn (LVa)
Line of Gennari (LGen)
32, 34, 36–40, 42–65, 238, 240, 242, 244, 248, 257, 261, 263, 270, 272, 280, 282–288, 300, 398–411, 413–415, 417, 419, 421–423, 426, 451
153, 157, 233
Lateral ventricle, body (LVb) 67–69, 71–88, 90–109, 113, 115, 117, 119, 236, 237, 239, 242, 243, 245–258, 260, 261, 268, 270, 271, 273–278, 280–283, 285–293, 386, 388, 390, 392, 394–397, 399, 401, 403, 410–414, 416, 423, 425
Lingual gyrus (LG) 118, 119, 121–181, 226–229, 231–246, 248–252, 254–257, 260, 261, 263–265, 269, 271, 274, 275, 277, 280–283, 285, 287–289, 291–293, 295–302, 413, 417, 418, 420, 424, 425, 427, 428, 430, 431, 433, 436–439, 442, 449, 452
Lingula (Lg) Lateral ventricle, collateral trigone (LVtr)
125, 128–132, 134, 135, 258, 260, 263–267, 444–462
110–112, 114, 116, 118, 120–127, 129, 131, 133, 218, 220, 222–229, 231–235, 238, 240, 241, 288, 292, 294–302, 400, 402, 404, 405, 408, 409, 417, 419, 422
Longitudinal cerebral fissure (LCF) 26, 27, 45, 50, 58, 62, 385, 387, 390, 394, 396, 397, 413, 419, 421–423, 425, 427, 431–434, 439, 449, 454, 460
Lateral ventricle, inferior horn (LVi) 72–75, 77–82, 84–90, 94–102, 104, 106, 108–110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 124, 128, 210, 212–216, 220, 221, 225, 230, 240, 259, 296, 303, 305–307, 310–312, 314–316, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 444, 446, 447, 449, 450, 452–456, 459, 461
Lateral ventricle, posterior horn (LVp) 128, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 300, 303, 305, 427–431
Longus capitis muscle (LCM) 496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Lunogracile fissure (LGF) 116, 118, 122, 124, 128, 137, 138, 143–151, 154–171, 173, 209, 211–217, 219, 220, 222–225, 227–229, 231, 234–237, 239, 242, 243, 245, 248–250, 254, 262, 263, 274, 281, 283, 286–289, 292, 293, 295, 298–310, 312–318, 320, 466, 468, 470, 482, 484, 485, 488, 493, 495
Lateral ventricle, toward the inferior horn (Lvtif) 125
Lateral ventricle, toward the trigone (LVtt)
M
396
Lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN)
Malleus (Mal) 480
474, 476, 478
Lenticular fasciculus (LF)
Mammillary body (MB)
78, 80, 88, 89, 246, 258
78, 80, 82–85, 261–269, 439, 441, 443, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454
Levator palpebrae superioris
Mammillothalamic tract (MTT)
muscle (LPS)
80, 82–84, 254, 260, 262, 266, 268, 269, 420, 422, 426, 428, 429, 431–438, 440
4, 6, 8, 210, 452, 456, 458
533
Mandible, condylar process (MDcp)
Medial frontal gyrus (MeFG)
186, 188
26, 219
Mandibular nerve (MN)
Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)
480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 498, 502, 504, 506, 508
98, 100, 102, 108, 240, 242, 246, 248, 250, 284–286, 290, 310, 429–431, 433–437, 440
Marginal sinus (Msi)
Medial lemniscus (ML)
93, 97, 99, 103, 107, 111, 113, 117, 121, 237, 239, 243
96, 98, 100, 101, 104, 108–110, 112, 116, 246, 254, 256, 258, 259, 264, 268, 435, 437, 440, 442, 444–447, 454, 455, 457, 460–466, 468, 469, 472, 474–476, 480, 482, 484, 486–488, 490–492, 494, 495, 499, 501, 503
Marginal sulcus (MS) 105, 119, 121, 123–127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 237, 243, 245, 248, 249, 251, 254–257, 260, 262–264, 269–271, 274–277, 280–283, 286–289, 293, 295, 299, 349–371, 373–377, 379
Massa intermedia (MI) 76, 81–85, 87, 89, 263–267, 421, 423, 425, 427
Masseter muscle (MM) 186, 188, 190, 192, 340, 342
Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) 96, 98, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 117, 120, 122, 130, 258, 262, 264, 266, 436, 438, 447, 451, 453–458, 460–462, 464, 466, 468, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492–494, 496, 498, 502, 504
Medial occipitotemporal gyrus (MOTG)
502
44, 46, 48, 52–61, 64–67, 70–74, 76–79, 83, 85–87, 90–92, 94, 96, 98, 99, 102–117, 119–126, 128–135, 137–146, 148–162, 164, 206–227, 230, 234, 240, 242, 246, 301, 303, 305–316, 318–320, 322, 324, 434–436, 438, 440, 442, 444, 445, 448–453, 456–460, 462, 463, 465, 466, 468–471, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486
Mastoid process (MP)
Medial orbital gyrus (MObG)
500, 502, 506
4, 6–42, 45, 46, 48–51, 240, 286, 288, 290, 292, 431, 433, 437, 439, 442–444, 448, 450, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464
Mastoid cell (MC) 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 492
Mastoid notch (MtN)
Maxillary artery (MxA) 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 52, 56, 60, 66, 70, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 488, 492, 494, 496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Medial pterygoid muscle (MPM)
Maxillary nerve (MxN)
Medial rectus muscle (MRM)
22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 64, 480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496
4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 466, 468, 470, 474, 476, 478
206, 210, 508
Median aperture (MA) 265, 493
Maxillary sinus (MxS) 4, 500, 502, 506
Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) 410, 416, 435, 440
Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) 464
534
Mesopontine tegmentum (MpT)
Motor nucleus of facial nerve (N7m)
108, 110, 111, 252, 266, 274, 440, 446, 447, 454, 455, 460
118, 122, 473, 482
Middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) 110–114, 116–119, 121–130, 132, 136, 232, 233, 237–244, 246–248, 276, 279, 280, 282–288, 290–292, 294, 296–298, 311, 466–469, 471–479, 483, 486, 487
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) 36, 38, 40, 42–44, 46, 48, 50–66, 68, 70–73, 76, 77, 91, 97, 108, 114, 204, 206, 208, 210–223, 225, 227, 229–235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 246, 252, 271, 275, 277, 281, 282, 284, 287, 289, 291, 293–299, 301–303, 306–322, 420, 424, 426, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438–456, 458, 462
N Nasal bone (NB) 470, 480
Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) 496, 500, 502, 504
Neurohypophysis (NH) Middle cerebral artery M1 segment (MCAM1)
60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 262, 264, 268, 270, 460
441
Nodule (No) Middle frontal gyrus (MFG) 4–63, 65, 67, 71, 73, 74, 77–80, 82–87, 198, 200, 202–213, 215–218, 222–225, 227–229, 231, 234, 235, 244, 300–309, 312–330, 348, 350–384, 386–396, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416–420, 424, 426, 427, 430–433
130, 133, 135, 137–140, 142, 143, 256, 260, 264, 266, 466, 468, 470, 472, 474–479, 481
Nucleus accumbens (NA) 50, 55–62, 64, 68, 244–246, 249–252, 256, 260, 271, 274–281, 283, 285, 286, 288–291, 428, 436
Middle meningeal artery (MMA)
Nucleus ambiguus (Nam)
480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
130, 132, 134, 136, 490
Nucleus ceruleus (NC) Middle nasal concha (MNC)
120, 258, 455–458, 460, 462, 464–466
4, 8, 10, 12, 18, 20, 492
Nucleus cuneatus (Ncu) Middle occipital gyrus (MOG)
459, 496, 498, 502, 504–507
176–180, 208, 210–219, 222–227, 229–232, 234, 235, 237–239, 242, 243, 245, 248, 250, 252, 289, 292–295, 298, 299, 301, 303–305, 307–309, 312–325, 327, 329, 464
Nucleus gracilis (NG)
Middle temporal gyrus (MTG) 36, 37, 39–43, 45, 47–49, 52–61, 64, 66, 67, 70–73, 76–79, 81, 85–87, 90–93, 97–99, 102–107, 110–113, 116–119, 122–125, 128–138, 142–151, 155–161, 186–209, 211–214, 218, 220, 320, 322, 323, 325–343, 406, 410, 412, 413, 416–418, 420, 421, 424–427, 430–433, 436–439, 443–445, 448–453, 455–459, 462–464, 466, 468, 470, 474, 478
496, 498, 502, 504, 506–509
Nucleus interpositus (NI) 136, 275
Nucleus of solitary tract (Nst) 490, 494
Nucleus prepositus (Np) 486
535
O
Olfactory bulb (OlB) 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 256, 260, 262, 268, 270, 464, 466, 468
Obliquus capitis superioris muscle (OCS) 206, 208, 210, 320, 322, 326, 330
Olfactory bulb and tract (OlB&T) 449
Occipital artery (OA) 332, 334, 336, 468, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Olfactory sulcus (OlS)
Occipital bone (OB)
11, 12, 14–16, 18–22, 24–29, 31–35, 37–39, 41, 43, 44, 50, 51, 53, 55, 274, 440, 442, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460, 462
176, 178, 180, 181, 204, 448, 456, 462, 468, 470, 478, 480, 484, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 500, 502
Olfactory tract (OlT) 32, 38, 42, 44, 56, 62, 454
Occipital lobe (OL) 368, 378
Olfactory trigone (Oltr) 58, 59, 444, 448, 450, 454, 460
Occipital sinus (OS) 142, 146, 148, 150, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170–175, 177, 264, 265, 268–270, 276, 282, 292, 294, 298, 300, 304, 306, 308, 463, 465, 467, 469, 471, 474–485, 488, 489, 491, 493, 495, 497, 501, 503
Occipital vein (OV)
Olfactory tubercle (OlTu) 68
Ophthalmic nerve (OptN) 44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 62, 64, 68, 236, 238, 240, 288, 290, 292, 456, 466, 472
488, 502
Opitc tract (OT) Occipitomastoid suture (OMS)
436, 440
176, 178, 180
Optic chiasm (OC) Occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) 46, 48, 52, 56, 58, 60, 70–72, 78, 82, 84, 86, 90, 92, 98, 100, 102, 108, 110, 112, 114–118, 122, 123, 125, 128, 130, 132, 134, 138, 141–143, 152, 153, 442, 444, 445, 448–453, 456–459, 462, 464, 468, 470, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486
Oculomotor nerve (N3) 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 76, 78, 80, 120, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280–282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 443, 450, 454, 460, 466, 468
Oculomotor nerve nucleus (N3N) 110, 112, 262, 442, 447
58, 60, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 254, 256, 258–260, 262, 266–269, 271–273, 275, 281, 443, 452, 454, 456
Optic nerve (ON) 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 56, 62, 218, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 258, 272, 274, 278, 280, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 452, 454, 456, 460, 466, 468
Optic radiation (OR) 94, 100, 101, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113–115, 117, 119–121, 125–137, 139–143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157–159, 212, 214, 216, 217, 219–227, 233, 296, 298, 302, 307, 310, 311, 407, 411, 413, 415, 417, 419, 421–425, 427–435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445, 454
536
Optic tract (OT)
Parietal bone (PB)
66–82, 84, 86, 88, 89, 94, 157, 228, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246–248, 250, 252, 276, 278, 280, 284, 286, 289–291, 296, 298, 434, 435, 438, 439, 441–444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 456
190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 208, 210, 336, 338, 340, 342, 348, 350, 354, 356, 360, 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382, 386, 388, 390, 392, 458
Parietomastoid suture (PMS) Orbital gyrus (ObG)
458
5, 24, 26, 31, 43, 44, 46, 52, 54, 56, 212, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 234, 236, 238, 242, 306, 445
Parieto-occipital sulcus (POS)
Outer table (OuT) 176, 178, 180
124, 126, 128, 130–152, 154–170, 172, 174, 225, 229–231, 234–236, 238, 239, 243–246, 248–252, 255–257, 260–265, 269–271, 275–277, 280–283, 286–289, 292, 293, 295, 299, 301, 315, 360, 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382, 386–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410–412, 416–420, 422, 424
Oval window (OvW) 482
Parotid gland (PaGl) 186, 188, 190, 342
Periaqueductal gray substance (PaG)
P
441
Pericallosal artery (PcA) Paracentral lobule (PaL) 92, 96, 98, 102, 104, 106, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 248, 250, 251, 254–257, 260–265, 268–271, 274–277, 280–283, 286, 288, 352, 356–373
21, 24–26, 28, 38–40, 42–44, 46, 48–51, 53–56, 58–60, 62–65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 76–84, 86, 89, 90, 92, 94–96, 98, 100, 101, 107–109, 111, 113, 115, 119, 123, 252, 265, 267, 381, 385, 387, 389, 391–403, 405–416, 419–422, 424
Pineal gland (PG) Paracingulate gyrus (PcG)
108, 111, 112, 114, 262, 264, 266, 422, 424–428
52, 53, 269, 274, 277, 378, 384
Pineal recess (PR) Parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) 60, 61, 64, 66–87, 89–117, 119, 121, 215–217, 219–246, 252, 254, 281, 283–307, 309, 311, 313, 427–429, 431, 433–435, 437–439, 441–443, 445–451, 453–455, 457, 459, 460, 462–469
108–110, 123
Pituitary gland (PiG) 458, 462, 464
Planum temporale (PT) Paralofactory area (PaA)
107, 112, 406, 410
56, 62, 64
Pons (Po) Paraterminal gyrus (PTG)
91, 93, 97, 107, 111, 113, 260
50, 256, 262, 264–266, 268, 270
Pontine nucleus (PN) Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) 74
82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98–102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 118, 244, 246, 248–252, 254, 262–264, 266, 268, 270,
537
272, 276, 280, 284, 453, 455, 459, 461, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470–472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Postcentral gyrus (PoG)
Posterior orbital gyrus (PObG)
70, 72, 76, 78, 79, 82–87, 90–93, 96–99, 102–107, 110–113, 116, 117, 120, 122–126, 128–131, 133, 135, 186–219, 222–231, 234–239, 242, 245, 251, 255, 257, 261, 287, 289, 292–295, 298–309, 312–331, 333–343, 348–383, 386–394, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416, 417, 419
32–35, 37–39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 53, 55
Postcentral sulcus (PoS) 70, 72, 90, 92, 93, 96, 97, 99, 102, 104–107, 110–113, 116–119, 122–126, 128–130, 186–211, 213–219, 222–230, 234–236, 238, 283, 292, 294, 298, 300–309, 312–331, 333–341, 343, 348, 350, 352–383, 386–389, 391, 393, 395, 399, 401, 405, 407, 413, 417
117, 119, 123, 251, 506
Posterior quadrangular lobule (PQL) 107, 109–111, 113–120, 123–130, 132–138, 140–150, 152–154, 156–165, 167, 206, 208, 213–217, 219–221, 224, 226, 228, 230–237, 239, 241–243, 245, 281, 283, 286–289, 291, 293, 295–297, 299–301, 303–307, 309–315, 317–321, 323, 442, 450–454, 456–459, 462–465, 467, 469, 470, 472, 474–476, 478
Posterior septal nucleus (PSN) 62
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) 70, 76, 78, 80, 82, 86, 88, 91–98, 100, 102, 104, 106–108, 110–114, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 255, 257–261, 264, 266, 269–273, 275, 277–279, 281, 283–285, 287, 436, 438, 440–458, 461, 463
Posterior cerebral artery, anterior temporal branch (PCAa) 441
Posterior cerebral artery, parieto-occipital branch (PCApo) 441
Posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) 252, 258, 368, 370–372, 374, 380, 382, 394, 396
Posterior clinoid process (PCP) 462
Posterior commissure (PC) 102, 104, 106–109, 261–267, 426–432, 434
Posterior communicating artery (PCoA)
Posterior superior fissure (PSF) 110, 112, 116, 120, 122, 124, 125, 128–132, 134, 136–150, 152–160, 162–165, 167, 206, 208, 210, 212–220, 222–225, 228, 229, 231, 234–237, 239, 242–245, 248, 249, 255–257, 260, 261, 263–265, 274, 276, 277, 280, 282, 286, 288, 292–295, 298–305, 307, 309, 310, 312–321, 323, 456, 458, 462, 464–470, 474, 476, 478
Posterior transverse temporal gyrus (TTGp) 196, 198, 200, 202–204, 206
Posterolateral fissure (PLF) 470, 474, 476, 478, 480
Postpyramidal fissure (PopF) 478, 479
Prebiventral fissure (PbF) 122, 124, 128, 130, 132–138, 143–151, 154, 156–158, 164, 222, 223, 225–229, 231, 233–237, 239, 242, 243, 245, 249, 251, 257, 261, 271, 275, 277, 281–284, 288, 290, 292, 294–296, 298, 299, 301–310, 466, 468, 470, 474, 476, 480, 490, 492, 493, 495, 497
453
Precentral fissure (PrF) Posterior hypothalamic area (PHyA) 88
268, 282, 448, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460
538
Precentral gyrus (PrG)
Primary fissure (PF)
52, 54, 56, 58, 60–62, 64–68, 70–73, 76–79, 82–87, 90–93, 96–99, 102–105, 107, 110–113, 116–119, 123, 186–218, 222–231, 234–239, 242–245, 249, 251, 255, 261, 271, 281, 283, 287, 289, 292–295, 298–307, 309, 312–338, 340–343, 348–381, 383, 386–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416, 417, 419, 420, 424
110, 112–120, 122–162, 213, 216–218, 220, 223–225, 227, 229–238, 240–243, 245–252, 254, 255, 257–265, 268–271, 274–281, 283, 284, 286–290, 292–296, 298, 299, 301–307, 309–313, 436, 438, 442–445, 448–451, 453, 456–459, 462–468, 470, 472, 474, 476
Precentral sulcus (PrS) 56, 60, 66, 70, 72, 76, 78, 82, 84, 86, 87, 90–93, 98, 100, 104, 106, 186, 188, 190–219, 222–231, 234–239, 242, 243, 245, 249, 251, 255, 257, 261, 271, 275, 281, 283, 287, 289, 292–295, 298–309, 312, 313, 315–340, 342, 348–383, 386–389, 391–395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 411, 425
Pulvinar nucleus (Pv) 102, 104, 106–111, 114, 226, 228–233, 235–238, 240–247, 249, 252–255, 258–260, 270, 271, 273–295, 297–302, 408, 410, 411, 413–415, 417, 418, 420, 422–424, 427–430
Putamen (Pu) 46–97, 115, 216, 218–243, 286–308, 310, 312, 400, 402, 404, 405, 407–409, 411–415, 417–419, 422–425, 428, 429, 431, 432, 434, 436
Preculminate fissure (PcF)
Pyramid (Pyd)
118, 120, 128, 130, 132, 134, 228, 230, 232, 236, 238, 242, 246, 249, 250, 253, 256, 258, 262, 266, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 285, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 442, 445, 447–449, 451, 453, 456, 460, 462, 464
106, 110, 112, 113, 118, 122, 128, 256, 258, 260, 262, 263, 265, 266, 271, 272, 278, 483, 487–509
Precuneus (Pc) 125, 127, 129, 131–135, 137–139, 141–160, 162, 164, 166, 172, 237, 239, 242–245, 248, 250, 251, 254–257, 260, 261, 264, 265, 269–271, 274–277, 280–283, 286–289, 293, 295, 299, 349, 350, 352, 354, 356–383, 386–395, 398–401, 404–407, 411–413, 416–418
Preoccipital notch (PoN) 196, 198, 200, 202–205, 210, 212, 214, 229, 233, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330
Pyramidal decussation (PyD) 506, 508
Pyramis (Py) 144, 148–152, 154, 155, 157, 159, 244, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 255, 257, 260–266, 268–271, 274–277, 468–471, 474–483, 485, 489, 491
Q Quadrigeminal cistern (QC)
Preoptic area (POA)
247, 253, 259
68, 252, 258, 434, 440
Quadrigeminal plate (QP) Prepontine cistern (PPC)
263
233, 241, 247, 457, 459, 461, 464
Prepyramidal fissure (PPF) 244, 250, 254, 257, 261, 263–265, 269–271, 275–277, 482, 484, 488, 490, 494
R
Pretectum (Ptc)
Raphe nucleus (RaN)
108, 252, 428
92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 436, 444, 446, 456, 490
539
Rectus capitis anterior muscle (Rca)
Semispinalis capitis muscle (SCM)
504, 506, 508
164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 190, 192, 342, 470, 476, 478, 480, 482, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Rectus capitis posterior major muscle (RCpmj) 164, 166, 168, 170, 496, 502, 506, 508
Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCpmi)
Septal cartilage (SepC) 4, 6, 506, 508
Septal vein (SV)
164, 166, 168, 170, 500, 504
49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 75, 77, 79, 81, 253, 263, 273, 409, 413, 415
Red nucleus (RN)
Septum pellucidum (SP)
92–106, 254, 255, 257–262, 268–273, 275, 431, 433, 435–443, 446, 448, 450, 454
46, 48–62, 64–66, 68, 69, 74, 75, 80, 81, 273, 400, 402–404, 407–412, 414, 416, 418
Red nucleus, capsule (RNc)
Sigmoid sinus (SigS)
258
130–136, 138, 142, 144, 192, 194, 196–198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 222, 224, 226, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 470, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496
Reticular formation (RF) 116, 250, 254, 262, 268, 274
Reticular nucleus (RetN) 74, 222, 266
Sphenofrontal suture (SfS) 452
Retromandibular vein (RMV) 342
Sphenoid bone (SB) 452, 468
S
Sphenoid bone, anterior clinoid process (ClPa) 68
Sagittal suture (SSu) 178, 348, 350, 352, 354, 364, 366, 374, 376
Sphenoid sinus (SpS) 128, 462, 464, 466, 474, 476, 480, 482, 484
Secondary fissure (SF) 130–132, 134–137, 139, 142, 144, 147, 148, 151, 238, 240, 250, 254, 257, 261, 263, 265, 268, 480, 483, 488, 492, 494, 496
Sphenoparietal sinus (SppS) 248, 468
Spinal epidural space (SES) Semicircular duct (ScD)
508
480
Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (N5st) Semilunar lobule (SemL) 138, 148, 156, 169, 173
490
540
Spinal trigeminal nucleus (SN5N)
Stylus of septum pellucidum (SPs)
112, 114, 254
61–63
Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus (N5st&n)
Subarachnoid space (SAS)
116, 492
508
Spinocerebellar tract (SCT)
Subcallosal area (SCA)
498, 508
48, 56, 65, 93, 256, 264, 270
Spinothalamic tract (STT)
Subcallosal gyrus (SCG)
436–438, 440, 442, 444, 446, 462, 466, 476, 480, 490, 494, 502, 504
46, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 260, 264, 266, 272, 422, 423, 437
Splenius capitis muscle (SCaM)
Subcutaneous fat (SubF)
492, 494, 496, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
180
Spongy bone (SgB)
Subcutaneous tissue (SubT)
176, 178, 180
176, 178
Stapes (Sta)
Subiculum (Sb)
482
84, 88, 100
Straight gyrus (SG)
Subparietal sulcus (SPS)
8–56, 242, 244, 246, 248, 256, 257, 260–266, 268–272, 274–276, 278, 280, 282, 286, 288, 400, 428, 431, 433, 437–440, 442–446, 450, 452, 456, 458, 460, 462
244, 246, 250, 251, 254–257, 260–262, 268–271, 274–276, 280, 282, 376, 378–383, 385–396, 398, 400–402, 404–408, 411
Straight sinus (SS)
Substantia innominata (SI)
127, 129, 131, 133, 137–170, 263–265, 267–270, 394, 396, 398, 402, 404, 406, 410–413, 415–420, 424–427, 430–433, 436–439, 442–445, 448, 449, 451, 453, 454, 457, 459, 463–465
60, 63, 65, 66, 69–71, 74, 75, 440
Stratum zonale (SZ)
Substantia nigra (SN) 82–93, 96–106, 108, 245–249, 251, 253, 255, 256, 258–260, 268, 270–279, 281, 283, 285, 433, 435–439, 441–445, 447–450, 452, 454, 460
88, 90, 92, 94, 240, 244, 246, 250, 264, 282, 290, 400, 402
Substantia nigra, pars Stria medullaris thalami (SMT)
compacta (SNc)
74, 76, 79, 80, 82, 88, 94–96, 98–101, 103, 105, 257, 259, 262–273, 275, 276, 278, 279, 284, 410, 414, 416, 418, 420, 422, 424
94, 95, 252, 440, 444, 446, 456, 460
Stria terminalis (ST) 68, 80, 88, 114, 408, 410, 414, 416
Styloid process (SyP) 506
Substantia nigra, pars reticularis (SNr) 94, 95, 252, 440, 446, 460
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) 82–92, 94, 245–249, 251–254, 270, 272, 274–285, 430–432, 434
541
Sulcus of corpus callosum (Scc)
Superior colliculus (SC)
34, 43, 44, 69, 74, 75, 80, 81, 108, 109, 114, 121, 125, 250–254, 258, 259, 262, 266, 268, 270, 279, 398–400, 403, 405, 408, 409, 411, 414
107, 109–117, 252, 256–259, 261, 265, 266, 268, 269, 271–273, 431, 433, 435, 437, 440, 442, 444, 446
Superior frontal gyrus (SFG) Superficial cerebral vein (SuCV)
34–37, 41–44, 46–48, 55, 57, 59, 61, 65, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 337, 341, 343
4–62, 64–68, 70–74, 76–80, 82–87, 90, 91, 93, 97, 99, 210, 212, 214, 226, 230, 236–239, 242–245, 248–251, 254–257, 260–263, 265, 268, 269, 271, 274–277, 280, 281, 283, 286–289, 292–295, 298, 299, 309, 310, 320, 348–384, 386–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416–421, 424–427, 430–432, 436
Superficial temporal artery (STA)
Superior frontal sulcus (SFS)
186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 412, 416, 418, 420, 424, 430, 488, 494, 496, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
4–62, 64–68, 71, 73, 77, 87, 210, 212, 214, 218, 312, 350–370, 372–384, 386–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410, 411, 413, 416–421, 424, 426, 432
52, 58, 70
Superficial middle cerebral vein (MCVs)
Superficial temporal vein (STV) 488
Superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO) 38
Superior alveolar artery (SAA) 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Superior and Inferior semilunar lobule (SLs&i) 148, 171
Superior cerebellar artery (SCbllA)
Superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) 38, 46, 50, 54, 62, 72, 74–76, 88, 108, 114, 127, 136, 216, 296, 384–391, 393–397, 399, 401
Superior medullary velum (SMV) 261, 263, 265, 267, 455–457, 460, 461
97, 99, 103, 105, 107, 111, 113, 117, 243, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 289, 447, 457, 459
Superior nasal concha (SNC)
Superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP)
Superior nasal meatus (SNM)
100, 103, 105, 112, 114–131, 133, 135, 248, 250, 252–260, 264, 266, 268–274, 278, 284, 453, 455, 457, 459–468, 470
20
18, 20
Superior oblique muscle (SOM) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 456, 458, 462, 464
Superior cerebellar peduncle, decussation (SCPd) 102, 104, 106–110, 115, 260, 262, 264, 266–268, 272, 278, 449, 460, 462
Superior occipital gyrus (SOG) 176, 177, 179, 208, 210–217, 219, 222–229, 231, 234–237, 239, 243, 244, 249, 289, 292–295, 298–309, 312–321
Superior cerebellar vein (SCbllV) 129, 263, 275, 281, 297, 432
Superior olivary nucleus (SON) 480
Superior cerebral vein (SCV) 11, 13, 18–20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 54, 72, 76, 78, 91, 129, 218, 224, 228, 234, 236, 283, 287, 289, 293, 308, 349–361
Superior parietal lobule (SPL) 111, 113, 117, 119, 123, 125, 128–152, 154–169, 172, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211–219, 222–231,
542
234–236, 238, 249, 260, 270, 292, 294, 298, 300–309, 312–334, 348, 350, 352–354, 356–383, 387, 389, 391, 393, 395, 399, 401
Superior petrosal sinus (SPtS) 45, 47, 92, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 130, 132, 134, 136, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208–220, 222, 225, 227, 230, 232, 236, 238, 240, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322–324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334
Superior temporal sulcus (STS) 36, 40, 42, 44, 46–49, 52–61, 64–67, 70–73, 76–79, 82–87, 90–93, 97–99, 102–107, 110–113, 117–119, 122, 123, 125, 129, 131, 145, 186–208, 322–343, 406, 412, 416, 418, 420, 424, 426, 430, 432, 436, 438, 448, 450, 452, 456, 458, 459, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470, 474, 476
Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus (STFG) 8–15
Superior vermian vein (SVV) 125, 127
Superior rectus muscle (SRM) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 452, 456, 458
Supramammillary commissure (Scom) 85
Superior rostral gyrus (SRG) 4, 6–22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 250, 254, 256, 260, 262, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276
Superior sagittal sinus (SSS) 4–38, 40–50, 52–61, 64–67, 70–73, 76–79, 82–87, 90–93, 96–99, 102–107, 110–113, 116–119, 122–125, 128–139, 142, 143, 145–178, 180, 263–265, 268–270, 274, 348–383, 386, 388–392, 394, 395, 398–401, 404–407, 410–413, 416, 417, 419–421, 424–427, 430–433, 436–439, 442–445
Superior semilunar lobule (SSL) 110, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122–126, 128, 130–138, 140–145, 147–150, 152–170, 172, 199, 201–220, 222, 224–227, 229, 230, 234, 237–239, 242, 243, 245, 281–283, 287, 288, 293, 295, 299, 301–303, 305–309, 312–317, 319, 321–325, 327, 329, 456, 458, 462, 464, 466–471, 475
Supramarginal gyrus (SMG) 87, 91, 93, 96–99, 102–107, 110–113, 116–120, 122–126, 128–140, 142–144, 146, 148, 186–204, 206, 208, 210, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324–343, 357–362, 364, 366, 368–384, 386–395, 398–401, 404–407, 410, 411
Supraoptic recess (SoR) 267, 439, 441
T Tapetum (Tp) 126, 127, 404, 405, 413, 415, 417, 419, 421–423, 428
Tela choroidea (TC) Superior tarsus (Star)
95, 101, 105
210, 470
Temporal bone (TB) Superior temporal gyrus (STG) 36, 37, 40–49, 52–61, 64–67, 70–73, 76–79, 83–87, 90–93, 96, 97, 99, 103–107, 110–113, 116–119, 122–125, 128–132, 134, 136, 138, 186–218, 220, 221, 224, 300, 302, 306, 308, 310, 314, 316, 318–343, 400, 404–407, 410–413, 416, 418–421, 424–427, 430–433, 436–439, 442, 444, 445, 449, 450, 452, 458, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470, 472, 476
186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 448, 458, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470, 474, 476, 484
Temporal gyrus (TG) 475, 476
Temporal muscle (TM) 164, 166, 168, 170, 174, 176, 400, 410, 508
543
Temporal pole (TP) 28, 30, 32–34, 126, 222, 312
338–343, 390, 392, 394, 396, 398, 400–402, 404, 406, 408, 410–413, 416, 417, 419
Thalamic fasciculus (TF)
Trapezius muscle (TrM)
79–82, 84, 88, 94
14, 172, 176, 178, 180, 508
Thalamic vein (TV)
Trigeminal ganglion (TGa)
415
478
Thalamostriate vein (TSV)
Trigeminal nerve (N5)
69, 75, 108, 110, 114, 242, 246, 247, 252, 258, 262, 393, 394, 396–406, 408, 409, 411
80, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 101, 235–238, 240, 290–292, 296, 465–469, 471–473
Third ventricle (V3)
Trochlear nerve (N4)
67–71, 73–75, 77, 79–101, 103, 263, 265, 267, 412, 414, 416, 418–423, 425–437, 440, 441, 446, 452, 454
44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 62, 64, 68, 74, 80, 88, 90, 94, 100, 104, 108, 114, 116, 120, 240, 242, 246, 248, 252, 254, 278, 286, 290, 292, 443, 447, 448, 450, 454, 460
Tonsil (To) 128, 130–139, 142–148, 150, 240, 242, 244–246, 248, 250–260, 262, 266, 267, 269, 271–280, 284, 470, 472, 474, 476–499, 501–503, 505, 507, 509
Trochlear nerve nucleus (N4N)
Transcapsular gray (TcG)
Tuber (Tu)
62, 63, 74, 402, 408
48, 149, 151, 155–163, 165, 244, 248–251, 254, 255, 257, 260–265, 268–271, 274, 462, 464, 466
112, 114, 120
Transverse cerebral fissure (TCF) 97, 415
Tuber cinereum (TuC) 66, 70, 72, 74, 264
Transverse frontopolar gyrus (TFPG) 7
Tympanic membrane (TyM) 488
Transverse pontine fibers (TPF) 88, 100, 246, 457, 459, 461, 463–466, 468, 470, 472, 473, 486
Transverse sinus (TS) 131, 133, 135, 146, 148–151, 154–177, 192, 194, 196, 198–219, 223–228, 231, 234, 235, 237–239, 243, 245, 249–251, 255, 257, 261, 271, 274–277, 281, 283, 286, 287, 289, 292, 293, 295, 298–306, 308, 309, 312–334, 336, 444, 445, 448–450, 452, 456–459, 462–466, 468, 469
Transverse temporal gyrus (TTG) 76, 78, 82–87, 90, 91, 93, 96–99, 101–108, 116, 186–195, 197, 199, 201, 205, 207–215, 217, 219, 221, 312–336,
U Uncinate fasciculus (UF) 62–64, 68–70, 72, 74, 80, 298, 432
Uncus (Un) 63–65, 68, 69, 74, 75, 79, 80, 252, 254, 276, 280, 282, 286, 439–441, 445, 447, 449, 454
544
Uvula (Uv)
Ventral posterior nucleus (VP)
124, 128, 130, 132, 134, 137, 139, 142–147, 150, 154, 252, 256, 258, 260–263, 265–268, 270, 272, 280, 466, 468, 470–483, 485, 487, 489, 491
89, 93, 95–97, 99, 100, 102–105, 237, 239–243, 246, 248, 282, 283, 285–288, 290, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 410, 411, 415, 417–419, 422, 423, 428, 429
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) 96, 102, 252, 258, 436, 446, 460
V
Vertebral artery (VeA)
Vagus nerve (N10) 112, 116, 118, 226, 232, 236, 240, 242, 246, 304, 488, 490–492, 494, 496, 498, 500, 502, 504, 506, 508
Vallecula (Val) 137, 139, 155, 173, 462, 464, 466, 468, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484
Velum interpositum (VI) 95, 101, 109
93, 97, 99, 102–107, 110–113, 117–119, 122–124, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 142, 216, 218, 249, 251, 253, 260, 264, 265, 267, 271, 275, 277, 298, 302, 306, 308, 312, 314, 316, 318, 483, 485, 487–509
Vestibular nucleus (VN) 122, 124, 128, 136, 270, 272, 480, 484, 486–488, 490, 493, 494, 499
Vestibulocochlear nerve (N8) 104, 106, 110, 214, 216, 220, 224, 226, 228, 232, 236, 240, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 316, 477–482, 487
Venous lacuna (VLac) 138, 140
Vitreous body (VB) 478
Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) 74, 76–78, 80–89, 113, 251, 253, 257, 258, 271, 273–279, 284, 404, 405, 408, 409, 411, 414–417
Ventral lateral nucleus (VL) 78, 79, 81–92, 100, 101, 103, 105, 243–249, 251–253, 255, 276–287, 289–291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 408, 411, 414, 415, 417, 419, 422, 423, 425
Z Zona incerta (ZI) 88, 89, 94, 252, 428
Ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) 100, 101, 247, 289, 414
Zygomatic bone (ZB) 464, 508
Ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) 100
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