Chimie organique 1, 2e édition [2 ed.] 9782765055785

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Citation preview

Résumé de la nomenclature Groupement fonctionnel

Acide carboxylique

Structure

Préfixe (si la fonction est traitée en tant que substituant)

-(C)OOH

Suffixe (la fonction prioritaire détermine le nom de la chaîne principale)

Exemple (structure)

0

acide -oïque

Il

-COOH

carboxy-

acide -carboxylique

CH3- C - OH

Halogénure d'acyle (ou d'acide)

-COX

halogénurecarbonyl-

halogénure de -oyle

0

Anhydride

-cooco-

Il

X = Cl, Brou I

CH 3- C - Cl anhydride -oïque

0

0

Il

Il

CH3- C-O-C -CH3 Ester

Amide

-COOR

alkoxycarbonyl-

-CONH 2

Exemple (nom)

acide éthanoïque

chlorure d' éthanoyle anhydride éthanoïque

-oate d'alkyle

0

(ou d'aryle)

Il

éthanoate de méthyle

0

éthanamide

-amide

CH 3- C - OCH 3

Il

- CONHR

CH 3- C - NH 2

-CONRR' Nitrile

Aldéhyde

Cétone

-(C)N

-nitrile

- CN

cyano-

-carbonitrile

-(C)HO

oxo-

-al

-CHO

formyl-

-carbaldéhyde

-CO-

oxo -

-one

CH3- C - N

0

éthanenitrile

éthanal

Il

CH 3- C - H 0

Il

propanone

CH 3- C -CH 3

Ë.~0 {

Aloool

-OH

hydroxy-

-ol

CH 3- 0H

méthanol

::::S

Thiol

-SH

sulfanyl-

-thiol

CH 3 - SH

méthanethiol

Amine

-NH 2

ammo-

-amme

CH 3- NH2

méthanamine