Chess Open Sesame Book1 978-86-909473-4-8

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Aleksandar Matanović

Chess Open Sesame

Belgrade, 2012

CONTENTS

Lesson 1 – Three rules Lesson 2 – Pawn Lesson 3 – Knight Lesson 4 – Bishop Lesson 5 – Rook Lesson 6 – Queen Lesson 7 – King Lesson 8 – The object of the game Lesson 9 – Board and Pieces Fifteen centuries of chess Chess conquered the world Solutions to tests

5 15 25 31 37 41 47 55 73 77 93 94

You do not know to play a chess? It is like not knowing how to swim or ride a bicycle. But at least it is easy to learn how to play chess. And once it reveals to you its secrets, one by one, you will start liking it and you will become inseparable friends. Author

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Therefore, the chessboard is a battleground where the two armies are fighting. Each has six different pieces: king, queen, rook, bishop, knight and pawn. The rules governing the movement of pieces, and on this their strength, qualities and flaws depend, are different for each piece, as their names are different.

k q r ¥ n p

King Queen Rook Bishop Knight Pawn 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 ÇtMvWlVmT5 ÆOoOoOoOo5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 ÁpPpPpPpP5 ÀRnBqKbNr5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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The white square in the corner of the table should be on the right side of the player, white queen on white square, and black queen on a black square.

THREE RULES Both armies are on the starting position, ready for battle, expecting a command. But before that, we need to know three rules: – A player with a white piece first makes one move, then black makes one move of the black piece, and it is white’s turn again. – White and black pieces are fighting each other. The piece which captures and takes the opposing piece, removes it from the board and takes its position on the board. – The moving abilities of pieces, what they can do, and what they are worth – we will come to that later. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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NOTATION To be able to record a game of chess and help the players to remember it, the chess notation was invented by which to read and write chess books. Here is, for example, how to record the moves: Lg3 – this means that the king is going from its position to the square f2 Ee6 – queen goes to the square d5 Ud8 – rook goes to the square c7 Mh5 – bishop to g4 Tf4 – knight is going to the square of e3 1.1 – castling short (later we will see what castling is) 1.1.1 – castling long 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 c9 d9 + e9 f9 + g9 h9 +5 i9 Ç b9 + b8 c8 + d8 e8 + f8 g8 + h8 i8 5 Æ+ c7 d7 + e7 f7 + g7 h7 +5 i7 Å b7 + b6 c6 + d6 e6 + f6 g6 + h6 i6 5 Ä+ c5 d5 + e5 f5 + g5 h5 +5 i5 Ã b5 + b4 c4 + d4 e4 + f4 g4 + h4 i4 5 Â+ c3 d3 + e3 f3 + g3 h3 +5 i3 Á b3 + b2 c2 + d2 e2 + f2 g2 + h2 i2 5 À+ 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Moving knights and rooks, sometimes requires an additional indication: Thg7 – means that two knights could fit on the square f6, and specifies that the square f6 should be occupied by the knight standing on the “g” file. U9b6 – rook that is in the eighth rank goes to square a5 Only the movement of pawns is recorded without the symbol for pawn: f5 – the pawn is going from its position to square e4 fe5 – the pawn takes, eats, the piece in the square d4 de9E – in the square d8 the pawn takes the opposing piece and turns itself into a queen. (These possibilities of pawns will be discussed later). g2U – black pawn arrives to the f1 square and turns into a rook. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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In the above picture, taken in 1892, Jose Paul Capablanca, aged four, is playing chess with his father. Capablanca was world champion from 1921. to 1927. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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The dream of every pawn is to turn into the queen. (Chess saying)

Lesson 2

PAWN

“Let me introduce myself. I am a small, but there are many of us. I know all kinds of things, but I have to say, when I get to the end of the board I become very dangerous. In spite of this, the chess players underestimate us – they prefer to sacrifice their pawns rather than other pieces. Better are those who are smart with us, because we can be very useful. Four rules determine what I can and what I must.” The first rule: “I can only advance straight ahead, while all the other pieces can move forward and backward, left and right. When moving I can only move by one square. The exception is when I move from my initial stand position, because in that case I can progress and move two squares, if the player decides so.“ 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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The second rule: “I attack forward by one square diagonally to the left or right. Of course, when I am on the file “a” or “h”, I can only attack the right or left.” The third rule: “This rule is somewhat complicated, so please pay attention. When I go from my home position I can, as I said, move two squares. If I pass a square that was attacked by an opponent pawn, he can if he wants to capture me – take me and occupy the place where I was attacked. He can, but he does not have to! This rule is called “in passing”. The chess players often use the French phrase “en passant”. The fourth rule: “When I get to the end of the board (white pawn to the eighth rank, the black to the first rank) I am not a pawn 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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anymore and I promote into another piece – queen or rook, bishop or knight. I can’t convert to the king. As a result, it may happen to find on a chessboard two or more queens, more than two rooks and more than two bishops or knights. “

Let’s recall 4 rules and what a pawn can and must do. 1. Movements of a pawn. 2. How the pawns progress. 3. The rule “en passant”. 4. A promotion of the pawn into another piece. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Pawns play: Let’s check what we have learned: 4 rules. Position the pieces on the board as shown on a diagram below and then make the following moves: 2/f5!f7!3/e5!e6!4/f6!d6!5/d4!de5!6/de5!g6!7/fg7!hg7!8/g5!f6 9/gf6!gf6!:/ef6!e5!21/f7!e4!22/f8!e3!23/f9E!e2E

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 ÆOoOoOoOo5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 ÁpPpPpPpP5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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T E S T S for lesson 2*

Rewarding points for a successful tests solution: from 1 to 10

1222222223 1. White pawn is on the move. Ç + + + +5 There are two possibilities. Æ+ + + + 5 What are these? Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + +p+ +5 The correct answer scores 1 point À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

*The solutions to all test questions are given at the end of the book. Each test is scored by a certain number of points. The more points we collect, the better our knowledge of chess game. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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2. Black pawn plays, and has 1222222223 three options. What are Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 these?

Å + + + +5 Ä+ +o+ + 5 Ã +p+p+ +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 2 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ P + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 4 points 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

3. White pawn came to the seventh rank and moves – there are four possibilities. Which?

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + +o+ +5 5 points À+ + +r+ 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

4. Black pawn has reached the second rank, he is on the move and has eight possibilities. Which?

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + Op+ +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 2 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

5. In this diagram the white pawn arrived from e2 to e4. Black pawn has two options. Which?

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + +o+ 5 Ã + Op+ +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 3 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

6. From the e2 square pawn came to the square e4. Black pawns now have more options. What are these?

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Chess primarily teaches people to be objective. (Alexander Alekhine) 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Good chess player always has a bit of luck. (Capablanca) 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Lesson 3

KNIGHT “I’m slower than a bishop or a rook, not to mention a queen, but I only can jump and skip over obstacles! When I am in the center of the board, I would like to draw attention to the opponents for their own good; they need to watch what they do! My movements have a shape of the letter L and I can jump over mine as well as opponent’s pieces. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + : 5 Á + + : +5 À+ + + +n5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + N + +5 Æ+.+ +.+ 5 Å +.+.+ +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å +.+.+ +5 Ä+.+ +.+ 5 Ã + N + +5 Â+.+ +.+ 5 Á +.+.+ +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

Knights play Pawns and knights are alone on a board, with no other pieces: On your table align the positions of pieces as shown on a diagram and make the following moves: 2/f5! d7! 3/e5! e6! 4/Td4! ef5! 5/Tf5Te8! 6/Tg4! Thg7! 7/Tg7 Tg7

1222222223 Ç M + +m+5 ÆOoOoOoOo5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 ÁpPpPpPpP5 À+n+ + N 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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T E S T S for lesson 3 7. White is on the move. Which 1222222223 Ç +m+ + +5 opportunities there are for a Æ+ + +o+ 5 white knight?

Å O N + +5 Ä+p+ +p+ 5 Ã +p+o+ +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 4 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 8. Black is on the move. Which Ç +m+ + +5 and how many opportunities Æ+ + +o+ 5 there are for a black knight? Å O N + +5 Ä+p+ +p+ 5 Ã +p+o+ +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 4 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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9. In which squares can a 1222222223 white knight fit, that are not Ç + + + +5 controlled by black pieces? Æ+ M + + 5

Å + + + +5 Ä+ +o+ + 5 Ã + + + +5 ÂN + + + 5 Á +p+ + +5 3 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Lesson 4

BISHOP “No other piece in chess has so many different names in different countries as I do. These are the strange and unusual names. You will agree if I cite some of them. They call me runner, bishop, officer, elephant and even the court jester! I do not complain about it. It is important to me that chess players rate me highly. Anyway, they rate me higher than a knight, but let this remain among us. The knight is not happy because of this, but what can I do. I can in only one move, if the passage is clear, to cover a large distance. I move only diagonally, only in white or just black diagonals. Unlike pawns, in one move I can pass as many squares as possible or until I encounter an obstacle. If the obstacle is one of my friends I have to stop, and if the obstacle is the opponent’s piece I can take it if I want, and take its place.” 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Good chess player plays with his head – bad with his hands. Touch – move! The player, when on his turn, who touches certain piece must move it. He does not have to do that only if he warned the opponent in advance that he wants to correct the position of the piece on the board by telling “I adjust”“. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Lesson 5

ROOK “I am moving down the ranks and files – as many squares as I want. Of course, until I encounter an obstacle, and then I continue as a bishop does. I am placed in the corner of a table. In the beginning, and later, when there are many pieces on the board, I am avoiding the crowd. Avoiding all those pawns, knights and bishops who are eager to attack me, I prefer to operate from the background, to possess an open file or a rank from which I can provide the assistance to my friends who are on the front positions. “ 1222222223 Ç + + + :5 Æ+ + + +.5 Å + + + :5 Ä+ + + +.5 Ã + + + :5 Â+ + + +.5 Á + + + :5 À:.:.:.:r5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç.+ + + +5 Æ: + + + 5 Å.+ + + +5 Ä: + + + 5 Ã.+ + + +5 ÂT.:.:.:.5 Á.+ + + +5 À: + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 Ç + +.+ +5 Æ+ + : + 5 Å + +.+ +5 Ä:.:.T.:.5 Ã + +.+ +5 Â+ + : + 5 Á + +.+ +5 À+ + : + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

Rooks are playing Diagram shows all the pieces now in the starting position, except the kings and queens. When you align this position on the board, make the following moves: 2/e5!e6!3/Mg5!d7!4/f4!Mg6!5/!d5!Tg7!6/Td4!Tb7!7/Ud2!Ud9 8/de6!Te6!9/!Te6!de6!:/Ud9!Md9

1222222223 ÇtMv+ VmT5 ÆOoOoOoOo5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 ÁpPpPpPpP5 ÀRnB +bNr5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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T E S T S for lesson 5

1222222223

12. On which squares can a Ç + + + +5 white rook stand? Remember Æ+ + P + 5 his words, this will help you. Å +p+r+o+5

Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + +p+ +5 4 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 13. By God, this is a bit difficult 1222222223 task! Because black rook can Ç + + + +5 go to many squares, but not all Æ+ O +t+ 5 are safe. So, what the squares Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 are safe and how many? Ã + + + +5 Â+ +n+ + 5 Á + + +p+5 4 points ÀB + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Lesson 6

QUEEN “The king is the most important piece in chess – he is the KING! But I am the strongest and most people call me ‘the leadership’. Rightly. Therefore it is not right that one can’t play chess without a king and can play it without me! And to be honest, I don’t like it. But that’s how it is. It is on this one who invented the chess game. By the way, when it comes to my involvement, I am reluctant to leave my place in the beginning of the game for obvious reasons. 1222222223 Ç.+ + + :5 Æ+.+ + +.5 Å +.+ + :5 Ä+ +.+ +.5 Ã + +.+ :5 Â+ + +.+.5 Á + + +.:5 À:.:.:.:q5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç.+ +.+ +5 Æ: +.+ + 5 Å.+.+ + +5 Ä:.+ + + 5 Ãw:.:.:.:5 Â:.+ + + 5 Á.+.+ + +5 À: +.+ + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 Ç.+ +.+ +5 Æ+.+ : +.5 Å +.+.+.+5 Ä+ +.:.+ 5 Ã.:.:q:.:5 Â+ +.:.+ 5 Á +.+.+.+5 À+.+ : +.5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

Lesson 7

KING “I am a modern king. I do not give the orders, the players do. I’m not unhappy – the army preserves and protects me from the enemy. What are the other pieces have said about itself is a small part of the vast experience we have gained over many centuries. From time to time between them may arise some misunderstandings, dissatisfaction and even the envy. As between the bishop and the knight, for example. Pawns complain of being underestimated, queen is surprised that one can play without it but not without me. I often pretend as if I either do not hear, or do not understand. All in all, we are a good team, and if we are in the hands of a good chess player, it is the right thing. Otherwise, I am not as leggy as a queen, and I am moving down the diagonals and ranks and files, but I can move by only one square! In one move.” 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Castling 1222222223 Çl: + + +5 Æ:.+ + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + +.:5 À+ + + :k5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + :l: +5 Æ+ +.:.+ 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + :.: +5 Â+ +.K.+ 5 Á + :.: +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

To protect the king during the game the castling was invented. Castling is possible if the following conditions are met: – Castling king is not attacked by opponent’s pieces; – Between the king and the rook in castling there is no other piece; – Neither the king nor the rook in castling did not move before; – A squares which passes the king in castling are not attacked by opponent’s pieces, as well as the square on which comes the king. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Castling short (0-0) 1222222223 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 Á + + + +5 À+ + K +r5 À+ + +rK 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 Castling long (0-0-0) 1222222223 Çt+ +l+ +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç +lT + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Kings play Kings come into play! All the pieces are in a game. So let’s see the beginning of one real game of chess. When all pieces are set on the board according to a diagram, pull these moves: 2/f5!d7!3/e5!e6!4/Td4!ef5!5/Tf5!Te8!6/Tg4!Thg7!7/Tg7 Tg7!8/Me4!Mh5!9/d4!Ed8!:/1.1!1.1.1!21/Uf2!f7///

1222222223 ÇtMvWlVmT5 ÆOoOoOoOo5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 ÁpPpPpPpP5 ÀRnBqKbNr5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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T E S T S to lesson 7

1222222223

16. What the white squares are Ç + + + +5 that can hold the white king? Æ+ + + + 5

Å + L + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + M + +5 Â+ Ok+ + 5 Á +pPn+ +5 3 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 17. Same question for the 1222222223 black king – on which squares Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 he can come? Å + + + +5 Ä+ +l+ + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ +k+ + 5 Á + + + +5 2 points À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Lesson 8

THE AIM OF THE GAME The aim is to capture – checkmate the opponent’s king. To bring it into the position that he can’t defend itself from attacks by the opposing piece. CHECK To attack the opponent’s king is not necessary to warn the opponent with the word check! 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ +l+ + 5 Ã + +p+ +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + K + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ L + + 5 Å + +n+ +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + K + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 Ç + + +l+5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + +v5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + +k+ +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ +l+ + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + +k+5 À+ +r+ + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Çl+ + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + W + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + K5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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The king defends Attacked king has three ways to defend itself against attacks: – That he or some of his pieces take a piece that attacks him; – That the king moves to a safe place; – To protect the king by its own piece from the direction of attack. This is not possible only if the knights or pawns are attacking. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + +l+ 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ M + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+b+ + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + K + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + +l+ +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + +w5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + +k5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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1222222223 Ç + M + +5 Æ+ + +l+ 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+b+ + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + K + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

T E S T S to lesson 8 a) How to make a check?

1222222223 + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ +l+ + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á +p+ + +5 1 point À+ + K + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 25. In how many ways can a Ç + +l+ +5 black attack the white king? Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + M +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + K +5 1 point À+ + + + 5 58 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 24. White is on the move and Ç gives a check?

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

CHECK MATE When attacked the king has no way to defend itself – it is called CHECK MATE. The game is over. The winner is the one that has checkmated the opposing king.

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + +l+ 5 Á + + + +5 ÀT + +k+ 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Çr+ + +l+5 Æ+ + +oOo5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + K 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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TESTS

1222222223

31. White king gives checkÇ + +l+ +5 mate in one move. What is Æ+ + + + 5 that move? Å + +k+ +5

Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ +w+ + 5 Á + + + +5 2 points À+ + + +q5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 32. In how many different Çl+ + +b+5 ways the white can checkmate ÆP + + + 5 Å K + + +5 the black in one move? Ä+n+ + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 2 points À+t+ + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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DRAW (a tie) Draw or a tie occurs when: – Neither side has pieces that can checkmate the opponent; – Opponent’s king is exposed to the “perpetual chess”; – On the board, exactly the same position was repeated three times in a row. – At the suggestion of one of the partners, players agree to end the game as a draw. Not enough pieces to 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + L + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + K + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

make the checkmate. 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + L + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ +kB + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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STALEMATE The opponent is on the move, his king is not attacked and he can’t move the to a safe place, and there is no other piece that he can play. It is a stalemate. The result of a game that is completed by stalemate is a draw – stalemate.

1222222223 Ç + +l+ +5 Æ+ + P + 5 Å + +k+ +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

Black is on the move. Stalemate!

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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Lesson 9

BOARD AND PIECES How to arrange army if you do not know what the diagonals, files, ranks, center, and the king’s or queen’s wing are? Center

{ {

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9 Queen’s wing King’s wing 1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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PLAY + BOOK = THE REAL THING No one has learned to play piano by learning only from books. And one can learn a lot from books – all of what the thousands of chess players have ever invented. You do not need to spend time and try to find what is already written in books. But without a game and without the opponent who wants to win, to become better – one can not reveal the secrets hidden in chess at its finest. But when choosing an opponent is not good if he is much better or much worse than you – may be a little better!

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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CHESS GAME, BORN IN INDIA FIFTEEN CENTURIES AGO, HAS CONQUERED THE WORLD Chess game was born in India around 550 year, in Punjab. From India chess has spread from county to country toward the west. Over the centuries, the rules have gradually changed and the process lasted until the 16th century.

1222222223 Ç + + + +5 Æ+ + + + 5 Å + + + +5 Ä+ + + + 5 Ã + + + +5 Â+ + + + 5 Á + + + +5 À+ + + + 5 7ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ9

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CHATURANGA ”Chaturanga” is the first form of a chess game, designed as a “war game”. The game was performed with four players and each had eight pieces on the board with 64 squares. The pieces were arranged by different rules than today, and the goal of the game was to destroy the entire enemy army. Around the year 600 “chaturanga” has spread to Persia. After the Arab conquest of Persia, “chaturanga” has undergone many changes and was renamed – SHATRANJ. Played by two players, pieces were arranged as in modern chess. Some pieces: a queen, bishop, pawn, are moving by different rules. They were “slower” and therefore worth less. Piece queen, for example, was called

“firzans” meaning – a wise man. In modified form, this term is now used in Russia. We say – queen, Russians call it “ferz”. The goal was the destruction, the checkmate of the opponent’s king. Checkmate in Persian means “the king is dead.” ”Shatranj” in the ninth century, spread to the Middle and Near East, and the center of the world for chess became Baghdad. The game has gained significant popularity, and depending on their strength, the players were divided into five categories. Preserved are the names of the best chess players: As-Zuri and As-Seraksi, and names of rulers, Caliph who played and

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supported this game: Harun al- moves. The 16th century finally Rashid, Al-Amin and Al-Mamun. shaped the modern chess we Caliph Al-Mamun said: “It is play today. strange that I, who rule the world from India in the East to Andalusia in the west, can not overcome 32 pieces in a small space of chessboard.” After the Arab conquest of Seville 712th year “shatranj” spread into Europe, and in the 10th to 12th century from Spain and Italy has spread to many other European countries. The names of pieces have changed, as well as the change of the rules of their movements. Queen has become the most powerful piece, the bishop has become more mobile, the pawn could, from the starting position, go by one and two squares. The last rule introduced allowed the castling to be done in one, and not as before in two

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16th And 17th CENTURY During the 16th and 17 century, Italy was the center of chess activities. Best Italian chess players, whose names and parties were preserved, were Leonardo Cutri and Greco. They sought to discover the principles that would be grounds for chess theory. It was noted that the Greco donated his work on the theory of the opening in 1619th to the Roman Pontiff, who loved chess and played it.

the 1512th year, in Rome, DAMIANO, a chess primer was printed in Italian and Spanish language, and the first chess tournament was held at the court of Spanish king in the year 1565.

At that time was played a “sharp”, combinatory chess with the victims, without much understanding of positional play. The first international competition was held in Madrid, the 1575th between the best Italian and Spanish chess players. The Italians won. Somewhat earlier, in

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WORLD CHAMPION TITLE

held the match between Johan Steinitz and Wilhelm Zukertort. During the 19th century, more The first world champion in chess and more tournaments of best became Wilhelm Steinitz. chess players from various countries were organized. The first international tournament was held in London in 1851, and German player Adolf Andersen won being considered the best chess player of the time, until he was defeated in the match with American chess player Murphy in 1858. For Paul Murphy, who was the first one to play aggressive, combinatorial chess, but on the positional basis, the future champion Alekhine said: “The deep understanding of positional principles was the basis for his positional game.” An increasing number of chess competitions imposed the need to establish the title of world champion. In the U.S. in the 1886th was

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CORNERSTONES In the history of chess the world champions have a role of cornerstones that characterize and outline some stages in the development of the game of chess. Emanuel Lasker, after winning the match with Steinitz in 1894, won the championship, which he will hold for the record 27 years. Philosopher by profession, Lasker pointed out that the essence chess game is its social value. More than his predecessors, he has devoted attention to the endgame and psychological factors at play. The scientist Albert Einstein said: “Emanuel Lasker was undoubtedly one of the most prominent personalities I’ve met. It is very few people like him, who simultaneously possess a unique independence of thought and a wider interest in the problems of mankind.” Emanuel Lasker’s heir to the throne was a chess player from Cuba, Jose Raul Capablanca. He beat Lasker in a match in 1921. For Capablanca, who was adorned with a great chess talent, the future champion, Alekhine said: “Already in 1914 Capablanca played just as well as Lasker. Either before or after I never met such a clear and logical way of thinking in chess as Capablanca possessed.”

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New changes occurred on the throne in 1969. World champion became Boris Spassky. Botvinnik estimated Spassky in this way: “The chess throne took the most rational chess player after Lasker. His chess style is not limited. Regardless of whether he is attacking or defending himself, he understands all of the positions, maneuvers successfully using correct variants. His gift of chess is a versatile, with rich repertoire.“ A brief interruption of Soviet chess domination occurred 1972nd year. On the big stage came the American Robert Fischer. Within a few years, he defeated in a spectacular way all obstacles, reached the match with Spassky and won. He plays and understands all kinds of positions. No matter if he plays with white or black pieces, whether he is playing against weak players or with grandmasters – he plays to win. He flew over the chess sky like a meteor, enlightened his era and burned. After winning the title, he withdrew from chess competitions, and would much later play a friendly match against Spassky in Yugoslavia in 1992 year. He won this match – and that was all in his chess career.

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THE NEW RULES IN THE SYSTEM OF COMPETITION Conflict between Fischer and FIDE, and subsequent disputes between Kasparov and Karpov have imposed the need to change the competition system. Instead of the earlier three-year cycle that was supposed to beat a contender for the match with the champion, in the new system the way to the title of the competition is considerably shortened and facilitated. For a single tournament, the first consisting of 100 players with FIDE rating list, the winner will be entitled to the title match. Thus, for a short time, tournaments were much shorter than before and the new world champions became: 1999. Alexander Halifman, 2000. Indian Viswanathan Anand, 2002. Ruslan Ponomariov, 2004. Rustan Kasimjanov, 2005. Veselin Topalov and Vladimir Kramnik who won the title in 2006.

2000. Viswanathan Anand 1999. Aleksander Khalifman

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2002. Ruslan Ponomariov

2006. Vladimir Kramnik

2004. Rustam Kasimdzhanov

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2005. Veselin Topalov

2007. Viswanathan Anand

CHESS HAS CONQUERED THE WORLD Conceived as “war game” chess on its long journey through the centuries has been transformed into a means of creating friendship and cooperation between people. Because of its educational and recreational properties, chess has become a part of general culture. World Chess Federation – FIDE brings together some 150 countries – members. In addition to various competitions within some countries, FIDE organized individual championships for women, youth and seniors, male and female team competition – Chess Olympiad to be held every other year, the chess team is involving a large number of countries.

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Aleksandar Matanović Chess Open Sesame "Chess school" Book 1 Editor Oliver Knežević Publishers Aeksandar Matanović Oliver Knežević Caricature Jovan Prokopljević Translation Ljiljana Lakić-Švrakić Printed by Karganović Ltd, Belgrade

Photos Page 23 Patrick Keogh Page 93 Darja Kapš

CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 794.1(035.053.2) MATANOVIĆ, Aleksandar Chess : Open Sesame / Aleksandar Matanović; [caricature Jovan Prokopljević ; translation Ljiljana Lakić-Švrakić]. - Beograd : A. Matanović : O. Knežević, 2012 (Beograd : Karganović). - 95 str. : ilustr. ; 16 x 16 cm. - (Chess school ; #Book #1) Prevod dela: Šah za prvake. ISBN 978-86-909473-4-8 (AM) a) Шах - Приручници COBISS.SR-ID 188829452