Anatomy of the Digestive System (Quick Study Academic) [1 ed.] 1423234626, 9781423234623

Table of contents :
Anterior Digestive System & Viscera
Posterior Digestive System & Viscera
Lateral Mouth & Tongue
Mouth & Throat Muscles
Mouth
Tongue
Tongue Taste Buds
Tooth
Mouth & Salivary Glands
Small Intestine (Schematic)
Large Intestine
Stomach
Stomach & Pancreas Lymphatics
Large Intestine Lymphatics
Hepatic Portal Veins
Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas
Liver Lobule
Pancreas
Anterior Nervous System
Ileocecal Sphincter & Appendix
Rectum
Esophagus
Stomach
Digestive Wall Layers
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

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Anterior Digestive System & Viscera

Posterior Digestive System & Viscera Abbreviations

** = cut (l.i.) = large intestine l. = ligament m. = muscle (s.i.) = small intestine trans. = transparent

Oral cavity

Superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Tongue Pharynx**

Parotid duct Buccinator m.

Parotid duct

Parotid gland

Parotid gland

Middle pharyngeal constrictor m.

Sublingual salivary gland

Submandibular gland

Submandibular salivary gland

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Trachea**

Circular esophageal m. Esophagus Longitudinal esophageal m. Stomach (trans.)

Stomach

Spleen (lymphatic system)

Liver (trans.) Gallbladder

Pancreas

Pancreas (behind stomach)

Ascending colon (l.i.)

Edge of the stomach

Duodenum (s.i.) (behind transverse colon)

Jejunum (s.i.)

Transverse colon (l.i.) (trans.) Cecum Appendix Ileum (s.i) (trans.)

Spleen

Mesocolic tenia

Descending colon (l.i.) behind (trans.) (s.i.)

Descending colon (l.i.)

Jejunum (s.i.) (trans.)

Ileum (s.i.)

Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Rectum

Anus

Hard palate** Soft palate (uvula) Tongue** Orbicularis oris m.** Genioglossus m.** Mandible** Geniohyoid m.**

Anus

Lateral pterygoid Superior pharyngeal constrictor Buccinator** Styloglossus Stylohyoid l. Stylopharyngeus Medial pharyngeal constrictor Trigonum membrane Stylohyoid** Hyoglossus

Mylohyoid m.** Hyoid bone** Hyoepiglottic l.**

Thyrohyoid membrane Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Tongue surface** Genioglossus Mylohyoid** Hyoid bone Omohyoid** Thyrohyoid cartilage Thyrohyoid

Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage** Vocal fold Transverse arytenoid m.**

Cricothyroid

Cricoid cartilage

Esophagus**

Tracheal cartilage Trachea**

Cricoid cartilage**

Lateral Mouth & Tongue

1

Digastric: anterior belly

Mouth & Throat Muscles

Mouth

Tongue Abbreviations

** = cut a. = artery m. = muscle n. = nerve n.n. = nerves v. = vein

Superior lip Superior labial frenulum Gingiva

Esophagus

Interarytenoid notch

Epiglottis

Vocal cords Palatopharyngeal arch & m.**

Hard palate Palatine raphe

Median glossoepiglottic fold

Soft palate Palatoglossal arch

Palatine tonsil Palatoglossal arch & m. **

Foramen cecum

Palatopharyngeal arch

Vallate papillae

Uvula

Lingual tonsil

Palatine tonsil

Median sulcus

Posterior wall of oropharynx

Vestibule

Inferior lip

Filiform papillae

Tongue Taste Buds

Gingiva

Inferior labial frenulum

Foliate papillae

Fungiform papillae

Tongue

Circumvallate papilla

Foramen caecum

Apex Filiform papillae

Lingual tonsils

Fungiform papillae Lymph follicles Crypt

Taste buds

Furrow Mucous glands

Connective tissue

Duct of gland Intrinsic muscle layer

Lingual glands (serous glands of Ebner)

Enamel Crown Contact area Dentin Pulp Pulp chamber

Cusp

Pore Gustatory receptor cells

Microvilli containing taste receptors Stria of Retzius Sustentacular Tuft Enamel cell Fissure spindle Basal cells Enamel prism Pulp horn Contour line of Owen Interdental papilla Pulpal vessels & n.n. Dentogingival fibers Circular fibers Trans-septal fibers

Neck Gingiva

Squamous epithelium (stratified)

Taste buds Nerve fiber containing taste Palatine glands fibers of cranial nerve Parotid gland Uvula** Tongue Parotid gland

Cementum Root

Sublingual caruncle with opening of submandibular duct

Parotid duct

Oblique fibers of periodontium Dentinal tubules

Saliva

Root canal** Interradicular septum Buccinator m.**

Pulpal sensory n. Apical foramen

Masseter m.**

Apical fibers

Anterior lingual glands Salivary pool Submandibular duct Mylohyoid m.** Submandibular glands Sublingual gland Sublingual ducts

Compact bone Cancellous bone Alveolar n., a. & v. Mandible**

Tooth

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Mouth & Salivary Glands

Small Intestine (Schematic) Duodenum

Ampulla

Duodenum: Superior part Descending part Ascending part Horizontal part

Large Intestine Transverse colon (below)** [Indications of section below]

Duodenojejunal flexure R. colic (hepatic) flexure

L. colic (splenic) flexure Haustra

Jejunum Ghost of the transverse colon**

Ascending colon Omental tenia** Mesocolic tenia** Semilunar folds** Ileum**

Ghost of the descending colon

Ghost of the ascending colon

Descending colon

Free tenia (tenia libera)

Free tenia (tenia libera)

Cecum

Ileum

Vermiform appendix Rectosigmoid junction

Ghost of the appendix Ghost of the rectum**

Sigmoid colon

Stomach Cardiac notch Abdominal esophagus

Fundic stomach Serosa

Rectum Exterior anal sphincter m. Anus

Z line (zigzag) junction of gastric & esophageal mucosa

Stomach musculature**: Longitudinal layer Circular layer Oblique layer

Cardiac opening Lesser curvature Superior (1st) part of duodenum

Gastric canal Pyloric sphincter m.



Abbreviations

** = cut a. = artery L. = Left m. = muscle R. = Right

Greater curvature

Thoracic duct** Superior mesenteric nodes

Duodenum Ampulla Pyloric opening

Pyloric canal

Esophagus**

Cisterna chyli Paracolic nodes

Middle colic nodes L. gastric nodes

Thoracic duct** Celiac nodes Cisterna chyli Pancreas (behind stomach) R. superior pancreatic node Suprapyloric nodes

Diaphragm**

Inferior mesenteric nodes

R. colic nodes

Splenic nodes Pancreas (behind stomach) L. gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) node

Pyloris Infrapyloric nodes

Epicolic nodes

Paracolic nodes

Gastric folds (rugae) Aorta**

Celiac nodes

L. colic nodes

Ileocolic nodes

Preaortic nodes Sigmoid nodes

Cecal nodes

L. superior pancreatic nodes

Head of pancreas

R. gastroepiploic (gastroomental) nodes

Stomach (trans.) Duodenum Preaortic nodes

Appendicular nodes

Superior mesenteric nodes Superior mesenteric a.**

Stomach & Pancreas Lymphatics

Paracolic nodes Common iliac nodes Superior rectal nodes

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Large Intestine Lymphatics

Hepatic Portal Veins Inferior vena cava ­Hepatic v.v.

R. branch

Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas

Esophagus

Falciform l.** Coronary l.** L. lobe of liver

Round l.** R. lobe of liver Gallbladder

L. gastric v. Stomach (trans.)

Liver (trans.) Spleen

Portal v. Cystic v.

L. branch

Gallbladder Pancreaticoduodenal v.v.

L. hepatic duct R. hepatic duct Common hepatic duct Cystic duct Common bile duct Tail Body Neck Pancreas** Pancreatic notch

Splenic v.

Pancreas

R. gastric v.

Duodenum

L. gastro-epiploic v.

R. colic flexure Middle colic v.

Inferior mesenteric v.

Superior mesenteric v.

L. colic v.v.

Inferior vena cava

Inferior mesenteric v.

R. colic v. Ascending colon

Jejunal & ileal v.v.

Ileocolic v.v. Cecal vv. Cecum

Lesser duodenal papilla Major duodenal papilla Duodenum** Duodenal longitudinal folds Accessory pancreatic duct Main pancreatic duct

Descending colon

Ileum

To inferior vena cava

Sigmoid colon

Appendix Common iliac v.v. Superior rectal v.

Jejunum** Duodenojejunal flexure

Liver Lobule

Sigmoid v.v.

Appendicular v.

Head

Sublobular v. (tributary to hepatic v.)

Rectum

Central v. Hepatocytes

Abbreviations

** = cut a. = artery L. = Left l. = ligament R. = Right v. = vein v.v. = veins

Sinusoids

Perisinusoidal spaces (of Disse) Groove for bile canaliculi

Periportal bile ductule Bile canaliculi

Portal arteriole

Inlet venule

Pancreaticoduodenal v.** Portal v.** Common bile duct**

Inferior vena cava** Abdominal aorta** Common hepatic a.** L. gastric a.**

Flow

Pancreatic lobule Splenic a. & v.**

Celiac trunk Duodenum** Lesser duodenal papilla Greater duodenal papilla**

Tail of pancreas Pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct Superior mesenteric a. & v.** Jejunum**

Head of pancreas Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.

Pancreas

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Flow

Branch of portal v. Branch of hepatic a. Portal triad Bile duct

Anterior Nervous System Supraorbital n. Zygomaticofacial n. Infraorbital n. Buccal branch of facial n. Mental n. Ventral rami: 3 4 5 L. phrenic n. L. vagus n. Bronchial branch

Abbreviations

** = cut a. = artery L. = Left m. = muscle n. = nerve n.n. = nerves R. = Right trans. = transparent

Supratrochlear n. Auriculotemporal n. Parotid gland & duct Anterior scalene m. Esophagus** Trachea** R. common carotid a.** R. subclavian a.**

Pulmonary plexus

R. brachial plexus

Axillary n.

Axillary a.

Musculocutaneous n. & canal

Medial brachialcutaneous n.

Esophageal plexus

R. lung (trans.)

Phrenicoabdominal branch of phrenic n.

Window cut in pericardium**(trans.)

Anterior gastric branches

Inferior vena cava

Stomach**

Anterior vagal trunk

Posterior vagal trunk celiac branch

Hepatic branch

Splenic plexus

Pyloric branch

Spleen

Diaphragm

Celiac ganglion

Liver**

Superior mesenteric ganglion Aorticorenal ganglia

Gall bladder

L. kidney

Duodenum**(trans.)

Sympathetic trunk

Pancreas**(trans.) R. colic n. with autonomic plexus

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Grey rami communicantes

Superior hypogastric plexus

Ascending colon**

Descending colon**

Psoas major m.**

L. ureter & plexus**

Femoral n.

Lateral femoral cutaneous n. lumbosacral trunk

Hypogastric n.n.

Sympathetic trunk sacral ganglia

Sciatic n.

Obturator n. Sacral plexus

Omental tenia** Ascending colon** Free tenia**

Submucosa** Colon**

Mesocolic tenia** Ileocecal a.**

Peritoneum**

Superior rectal valve**

Longitudinal m. of colon**

Middle rectal valve** Longitudinal m. of ileum**

Circular m. of colon**

Circular m. of ileum**

Submucosa**

Terminal part of ileum**

Papilla ilealis**

Ileocecal fold

Ileocecal valve & opening**

Appendicular a.

Longitudinal m. layer** Rectal fascia** Peritoneal reflection

Semilunar fold**

Vermiform appendix** Opening of vermiform appendix**

Ileocecal Sphincter & Appendix

5

Inferior rectal valve Levator ani m.** Internal anal sphincter m.** External anal sphincter m.: Deep** Superficial** Subcutaneous**

Anal column Internal venous plexus in submucous space Fat Anal sinus

Cecum**

Circular m. layer**

Anal verge Anorectal (dentate) line Anocutaneous line

Fibrous septum** Corrugator cutis ani m.** Anal gland** Anal crypt** Anal valve**

Rectum

Stomach

Esophagus

Surface epithelium Gastric pits Surface epithelium Lamina propria with blood, lymph vessels & nodules Lymphatic nodule (follicle) Gastric glands Muscularis mucosa Circular m. layer Longitudinal m. layer Submucosa Oblique layer

Esophageal glands in submucosa Stratified squamous epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa Mucous membrane

Circular m. layer Longitudinal m. layer Submucosa

Submucosa

Gastric mucosa

Lymphatic nodule Circular m. layer

Submucosa Muscularis externa

Longitudinal m. layer

Circular m. layer Longitudinal m. layer

Neural plexus

Subserous layer

Muscularis externa Tunica adventitia

Serosa

Serosa

Nerve Lymphatic duct

Areolar tissue with scattered muscular bundles

Vein Artery

Digestive Wall Layers Abbreviations

m. = muscle

Openings of intestinal glands (gastric pits)

Microvilli

Simple columnar epithelium with many mucous cells

Villi Simple columnar epithelium

Goblet cells

Contracting villi Lamina propria with blood, lymph vessels & nodules (follicles)

Central lymph capillary lacteal Capillary bed Mucous Opening of crypts membrane (of Lieberkühn) Muscularis mucosa Circular m. layer Longitudinal m. layer Submucosa Submucosa Muscularis Circular m. layer externa Longitudinal m. layer

Mucous membrane

Submucosa Muscularis externa

Muscularis mucosa Circular m. layer Longitudinal m. layer Submucosa Circular m. layer Longitudinal m. layer

Subserous layer Serosa

Tenia coli

Serosa

Subserous layer

Serosa

Mesentery

Mesentery

Vein Artery Nerve Lymphatic duct

Mesentery

Lymphatic duct Artery Vein

Large Intestine

Small Intestine NOTE TO STUDENT

Serosa Mesentery Nerve

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