ADA in details : interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design 9781119277583, 1119277582, 9781119277590, 1119277590, 9781119277606, 1119277604, 9781119277613, 1119277612

Table of contents :
Content: Preface v Acknowledgments vi Chapter 1 Accessible Routes 1 Accessible Routes & Clearances 1 Clear Floor, Turning, & Maneuvering Spaces 6 Walking Surfaces 11 Protruding, Post-Mounted, & Overhanging Objects 14 Reach Ranges 19 Doors & Gates General 23 Doors & Gates Maneuvering Clearances 26 Doors & Gates Opening Configurations 29 Power-Assist, Low-Energy, & Automatic Doors & Gates 34 Doors, Gates, & Windows Specific Types & Uses 38 Machines, Controls, & Other Items 41 Chapter 2 Site Elements 47 Accessible Parking In General 47 Accessible Parking Signage 51 Accessible Parking Spaces 54 Valet & Passenger Drop-Off & Loading Areas 59 Transportation Boarding & Alighting Areas 63 Curb Ramps 66 Corner Curb Cut Ramps 72 Island Conditions & Blended Transitions 76 Detectable Warning Surfaces 80 Accessible Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Requirements 85 Pools, Spas, & Other Recreation 92 Pools, Spas, & Water Entry Systems 96 Chapter 3 Vertical Access 103 Stairways 103 Pedestrian Ramps 107 Pedestrian Ramp Landings 111 Edge Protection 118 Handrails 121 Elevator Lobby & Landing Area 127 Elevator Car 131 Platform Lifts Non-Enclosed Runway 135 Chapter 4 Architectural Elements 139 Counters Check-Out, Food, Sales, & Service 139 Seating At Tables, Bars, & Work Surfaces 144 Kitchens & Kitchenettes 149 Drinking Fountains 157 Common Use Plumbing Fixtures 160 Sign Types 163 Sign Components 167 International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA) 172 Telephones Wheelchair Access 174 Telephones & Other Communication Features 177 Chapter 5 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities 181 Restroom & Bathing Facility Signage 181 Restroom & Bathing Facility Accessories 185 Lavatory 189 Toilet Fixture 193 Grab Bars 196 Restroom & Bathing Facilities Single-User 200 Toilet Compartments 206 Restroom Multi-User 210 Ambulatory Compartment 217 Urinals 220 Showers 222 Bathtubs 229 Chapter 6 Other Elements 233 Children s Suggested Requirements 233 Storage, Lockers, and Fitting & Dressing Rooms 238 Assembly Circulation & Seating 243 Assembly Assisted Listening Systems 248 Transient Lodging 251 Multi-Family Dwelling Units 260 Employee Only Spaces 271 Chapter 7 A Word or Two on Existing Projects 275 Overview 275 Barrier Removal 275 Alterations 278 Summary 279 Chapter 8 Innovative Ideas on Access World-Wide 281 Access Overall 281 Visiting 281 Designing Universally 281 As We Age in Place 282 Life-Long Communities 282 Other Topical Approaches 282 Access Overall In Summary 285 References 286 Index 287

Citation preview

ADA in Details Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design Janis Kent, FAIA, CASp

Cover design: Wiley Cover image: © Janis Kent This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/ permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. For general information about our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-ondemand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Names: Kent, Janis, author. Title: ADA in details: interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act   Standards for Accessible Design/Janis Kent. Description: Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2017. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017005373 (print) | LCCN 2017000444 (ebook) | ISBN   9781119277583 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119277590 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN   9781119277606 (ePub) Subjects: LCSH: United States. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. |   Barrier-free design–United States. Classification: LCC NA2545.P5 K46 2017 (ebook) | LCC NA2545.P5 (print) | DDC  720.87–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017005373

About the International Code Council® The International Code Council is a member-focused association. It is dedicated to developing model codes and standards used in the design, build and compliance process to construct safe, sustainable, affordable and resilient structures. Most U.S. communities and many global markets choose the International Codes. ICC Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) is the industry leader in performing technical evaluations for code compliance fostering safe and sustainable design and construction. Washington DC Governmental Affairs Office: 500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001-2070. Regional Offices: Eastern Regional Office (Birmingham, AL); Central Regional Office (Chicago, IL); Western Regional Office (Los Angeles, CA) 888-ICC-SAFE (888-422-7233) www.iccsafe.org

Contents Preface v

Island Conditions & Blended Transitions  76

Acknowledgments vi

Detectable Warning Surfaces  80

Chapter 1

Accessible Routes  1 Accessible Routes & Clearances  1 Clear Floor, Turning, & Maneuvering Spaces  6 Walking Surfaces  11 Protruding, Post-Mounted, & Overhanging Objects 14

Accessible Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – Requirements 85 Pools, Spas, & Other Recreation  92 Pools, Spas, & Water Entry Systems  96 Chapter 3

Vertical Access   103 Stairways 103 Pedestrian Ramps  107

Reach Ranges  19

Pedestrian Ramp Landings  111

Doors & Gates – General  23

Edge Protection  118

Doors & Gates – Maneuvering Clearances  26

Handrails 121

Doors & Gates – Opening Configurations  29

Elevator Lobby & Landing Area  127

Power-Assist, Low-Energy, & Automatic Doors & Gates 34 Doors, Gates, & Windows – Specific Types & Uses 38 Machines, Controls, & Other Items  41 Chapter 2

Site Elements  47 Accessible Parking – In General  47

Elevator Car  131 Platform Lifts—Non-Enclosed Runway  135 Chapter 4

Architectural Elements   139 Counters – Check-Out, Food, Sales, & Service  139 Seating At Tables, Bars, & Work Surfaces  144 Kitchens & Kitchenettes  149 Drinking Fountains  157

Accessible Parking Signage  51

Common Use Plumbing Fixtures  160

Accessible Parking Spaces  54

Sign Types  163

Valet & Passenger Drop-Off & Loading Areas  59

Sign Components  167

Transportation – Boarding & Alighting Areas  63

International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA)  172

Curb Ramps  66

Telephones – Wheelchair Access  174

Corner Curb Cut Ramps  72

Telephones & Other Communication Features  177 iii

Chapter 5

Restrooms & Bathing Facilities 181 Restroom & Bathing Facility Signage  181 Restroom & Bathing Facility Accessories  185 Lavatory 189 Toilet Fixture  193 Grab Bars  196 Restroom & Bathing Facilities – Single-User  200 Toilet Compartments  206 Restroom – Multi-User  210 Ambulatory Compartment  217 Urinals 220 Showers 222 Bathtubs 229

Multi-Family Dwelling Units  260 Employee Only Spaces  271 Chapter 7

A Word or Two on Existing Projects  275 Overview 275 Barrier Removal  275 Alterations 278 Summary 279 Chapter 8

Innovative Ideas on Access World-Wide 281 Access Overall  281 Visiting 281 Designing Universally  281

Chapter 6

As We Age in Place  282

Other Elements   233

Life-Long Communities  282

Children’s Suggested Requirements  233

Other Topical Approaches  282

Storage, Lockers, and Fitting & Dressing Rooms 238

Access Overall – In Summary  285

Assembly – Circulation & Seating  243 Assembly – Assisted Listening Systems  248 Transient Lodging  251

iv Contents

References 286

Index 287

Preface How to Use this Book A Word to the Wise and Others While I have been working with these details for more years than I can count, tweaking, correcting, and adding more information, there always seems to be some small item that is not quite right. Please do reference the applicable codes and regulations before using the information—that’s why the Sources are there. There are additional exceptions in the source material as well, that may not be notated within these pages. Be aware that the Administrative Authority, for local jurisdictions, may have modified these provisions and interpretations, although it should not be less stringent than the ADA. And then of course, there is the continual refining of gray areas with court interpretations, which could have further implications. Also, federal government projects have slightly differing requirements under the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) for facilities that use federal funds for design, build, or alteration, or are leased by a federal agency. The Act was initially passed in 1968 and modified, expanded, and updated over the years. depending on whether the branch is GSA, DOD, or USPS, with HUD temporarily adopting the ADA, with eleven exceptions, as an equivalent standard for UFAS. So use this book as a starting point. Another item to note that has come up numerous times. When referencing standards such as BHMA, ANSI, ASME, ASTM, ICC/IBC, and NFPA, I am purposefully not referencing the most current version of each. The reason is that both the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation do not provide ‘blanket approval’ to these standards, but rather review specific referenced editions that need to be complied with at a minimum. So depending upon local jurisdiction requirements, you may need to comply with more than one edition. If there is a conflict with a newer version, the older Director of the Federal Register approved edition takes precedence. This is discussed in the Scoping section – ADA Chapter 1: Application and Administration, 105 Referenced Standards. Although this book was originally created for projects within California, it has grown and expanded to

include all projects under the Americans with Disabilities Act—for projects outside of California, just ignore the blue print, whether blue text or blue strike-out lines. Remember, the local Administrative Authority may have other parameters for the project location that you would need to consider and overlay on top of this information. Items in black are per the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards (ADAS), which became mandatory March 15, 2012, with the exception of pools and spas for transient lodging, which received an extension until January 31, 2013, and are the minimum of what we need to comply with. If the black text has no blue strike-out line, the 2016 California Building Code (CBC) is either in conformance with the ADA Standards, or ADAS takes precedence because it is more stringent and provides for greater access than CBC. Items in blue are CBC only, where CBC is more stringent, or provides more parameters, or doesn’t allow (if there is a strike-out) the less restrictive/less access standards of ADAS. And last, but definitely not the very least, remember that our population has close to 20% with some form of disability, and by the time we hit 65 that percentage increases to over half per the U.S. Census Bureau Report of July 2012. With this last census, the percentage of the overall population with disabilities has stabilized, unlike previous projections, but the actual percentage of people with severe disabilities has increased. So making our environment accessible is a huge priority for us all!

Overall Background Accessibility for places of public accommodation has two components: The first is meeting the requirements for the Americans with Disabilities Act Standards (ADAS), and the second is meeting requirements for local jurisdictions, whether city, county, or state. The ADA is a civil rights act and is subject to interpretation by the courts. The second component is subject to code review with the Administrative Authority having jurisdiction. A facility needs to comply with both, and if one is more

v

stringent, providing greater access than the other, it would be the one that rules. All new buildings and alterations that are post-ADA need to comply, with very few exceptions. Existing buildings that are pre-ADA need to have barriers removed—where this is considered readily achievable—for places of public accommodation and commercial buildings. Public buildings—city, county, or state—are required to provide program accessibility rather than barrier removal for existing facilities. As of

March 15, 2012, new portions were integrated into the regulations. These elements, if they already existed, would be required to have barriers removed where readily achievable for places of public accommodation, or to be part of a transition plan for public entities. Facilities that were built after the 1991 ADA went into effect should have complied. If not, noncomplying elements would need to be fixed according to the new Standards—it would not be considered barrier removal. 

Acknowledgments I wish to thank all of those people, or as many as I can, who have generously offered support and encouragement over the years, as well as their expertise. Their assistance before, during, and particularly at the end of the process with comments and proofing of this book was particularly invaluable. Many of these people are experts in their own right and work for public or federal agencies, while others are in private practice and consulting. I am grateful for the endless and often ongoing conversations that I have had on different aspects of

vi Preface

Accessibility and their interpretations, and wish to specifically thank – A. Bauman, P. Bishop, F. Bostrom, K. Braitmayer, J. Brogan, J. Clancy, T. Durbrow, V. Fletcher, R. Halloran, C. Hansen, B. Hecker, J. Hoewisch, T. Kohut, M. Krinsky, M. Mazz, W. & P. Meyer, M. O’Brien, J. Orland, R. Pace, J. Pecht, S. Sabatini, E. Steinfeld, E. Takahashi, J. Terry, S. Toji, and everyone else, including those at the U.S. Access Board and my local AIA chapters. And last but not least, David and Kiara and Jenn, who had to put up with me during this process. I thank you all!

Chapter 1

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

Accessible Routes Accessible Routes & Clearances Accessible routes or paths of travel in new and existing projects are essential aspects of Accessible design. If you cannot even get to an area, no matter how accessible that portion is, it will still not be accessible. Not only is the route or path itself required to be accessible, but there are a variety of component requirements that make it accessible. This chapter will look at a broad view of these elements and their specific requirements.

General Notes ▪▪ A minimum of one accessible route within the site connects all site arrival points from the public right of way and public transportation stops, to accessible parking, accessible loading zones, accessible building elements and spaces on the site, and required building entrances ▪▪ If the only means of access is a vehicular way with no pedestrian access, then an accessible route is not required to connect the site arrival points with the building entries, but instead from the accessible parking and passenger drop-off areas to the building entries Note  Access aisles for accessible parking spaces are considered to be part of the accessible route

▪▪ The accessible route is located in the same general area and coincides with the circulation path, but does not include stairs or escalators [nor can it pass thru kitchens, restrooms, storage rooms, or closets, unless explicitly permitted by Chapter 10 of the CBC] ▪▪ Qualified historical buildings that are allowed exemptions for alterations are required to have one minimum accessible path of travel from the public right of way to the entry Note: Path of travel is a concept that only applies to alterations and existing buildings. It not only includes

the area where pedestrians move—such as corridors, hallways, lobbies, sidewalks, ramps, parking access aisles, walkways, doorways, and elevators—but, by definition, it also includes the restrooms, phones, and drinking fountains. Generally a path of travel connects an exterior approach, to an entry, to an altered area. The required width and height meet the same requirements as accessible routes. The term path of travel is used when providing an approach to an altered area that is required to be upgraded using 20% of the construction costs for proportional spending. CFR § 36.403(e) and § 35.151(b)(4)(ii): A path of travel includes a continuous, unobstructed way of pedestrian passage by means of which the altered area may be approached, entered, and exited, and which connects the altered area with an exterior approach (including sidewalks, streets, and parking areas), an entrance to the facility, and other parts of the facility. An accessible path of travel may consist of walks and sidewalks, curb ramps, and other interior or exterior pedestrian ramps; clear floor paths through lobbies, corridors, rooms, and other improved areas; parking access aisles; elevators and lifts; or a combination of these elements. For the purposes of this section, the concept of path of travel also includes the restrooms, telephones, and drinking fountains serving the altered area. 

▪▪ A minimum of one accessible route within the building/facility connects all accessible entries with all accessible spaces and elements connected by a circulation path unless specifically exempted ▪▪ Both manual and powered revolving doors/gates/ turnstiles are not part of an accessible route, although they can be considered part of a common use circulation path

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 1

▪▪ In new construction with over 10,000 SF per floor where elevators are required, a vertical accessible route is provided within 200 LF of each stairway and escalator; in existing projects when new stairs or escalators are added (if not used only for emergency egress), a vertical accessible route is also provided per CBC

▪▪ The accessible route [preferably] does not go behind parking spaces, with the exception of the specific space the person is parked in [per CBC]

▪▪ Accessible routes are not required to connect ­[mezzanines in one-story buildings, or] levels and stories within places of public accommodation that are less than 3 stories or multi-story buildings with less than 3,000 SF per each floor, unless they are offices of health care providers or shopping centers/malls, with a few other exceptions [per CBC]

▪▪ Aisles serving 2 sides are 44" minimum clear per CBC

CBC Note While the intent in the CBC is to always connect mezzanine levels with an accessible route, this is not how it is actually stated in the code

▪▪ Accessible routes connect required clear floor spaces at accessible elements—one full unobstructed side of the clear floor space adjoins the accessible route or overlaps the route where not prohibited ▪▪ Units in self-storage facilities that are not required to be accessible are not required to be located on an accessible route

Route Clearances ▪▪ Sidewalks and exterior walkways are a minimum of 36" clear [only if restrictions exist caused by rightof-way, natural barriers, or other existing conditions causing an unreasonable hardship, otherwise it is 48" minimum clear per CBC] ▪▪ If the overhang of parked cars intrudes upon the minimum required clear width of sidewalks or walkways, then wheelstops, bollards, or some other means must be provided to prevent encroachment into the minimum required clear walkway width Note Bollards are considered a viable and appropriate alternative to stop a vehicle, whereas wheelstops can easily lead to trip and falls when there is no vehicle parked in the space, and cars can jump the wheelstop if going too fast

2 Accessible Routes

▪▪ Walking surfaces are 36" minimum clear [if it is an aisle serving 1 side (ie, check stand, employee work area, food service, fixed seating, tables, or counters) per CBC] ▪▪ Routes to the accessible toilet compartments in multi-accommodation restrooms are 44" minimum clear except at doors per CBC ▪▪ Corridors are 44" minimum clear if serving 10 or more people and 36" minimum if serving less than 10 people per CBC ▪▪ Protrusions of 24" maximum in length parallel to the direction of travel can reduce the route from 36" minimum down to a 32" clear width if separated by a distance of at least 48" between each occurrence of the protrusion ▪▪ Protrusions more than 24" in length parallel to the direction of travel, as well as openings more than 24" in depth, are required to have a clear width of 36" minimum ▪▪ In multi-accommodation restrooms, the area in front of the accessible toilet stall door is [42" minimum clear for a latch approach] [48" minimum clear for push side approach and 60" minimum clear for pull approach per CBC] ▪▪ Ambulatory stalls with latch side approach have a minimum clear route minimum width of [42] [44" per CBC] Note: Accessible route is a term used to describe a route taken by pedestrians that is accessible for people with limited mobility meeting specific requirements. With a few exceptions, the accessible route connects the accessible parking spaces and accessible passenger loading zones with the public right of way, and public transportation stops to the accessible building entrance and to accessible elements and spaces both on the site and within the building including each story and mezzanine. The term path of travel is generally used for existing projects and is also accessible. If spaces and elements are connected by a circulation path, then for the most part they are also required to be connected by an accessible route, preferably in the same

Assembly Areas

Accessible Route Clear Widths

According to HUD’s May 23, 2014, deeming document, ADAS can be used as an alternative accessibility standard for projects under their jurisdiction, with some exceptions. For housing, the exception allowed by ADAS for common use areas not serving mobility feature dwelling units per 203.8, is not allowed, and all common use areas are required to be accessible unless there is another specific exception that applies.

24" max protrusion

48" min clr between protrusions

vicinity. If spaces or elements are accessible, they are located on an accessible route and are to coincide or be in the same general area as circulation paths. Accessible routes are comprised of walking surfaces with a 5% maximum slope, doorways, pedestrian ramps, curb ramps excluding their flared sides, elevators, and lifts. Revolving doors, gates, and turnstiles are not part of an accessible route, although they are part of a circulation path. An accessible route is considered to be a volume of 80" minimum clear height. The minimum width is 36" per ADAS [whereas in California it is 48" on the exterior, 44" on double-loaded and 36" on single-loaded interior routes]. There are further width requirements for U-turns, doorways, and passing spaces. This required minimum clear width of an accessible route cannot be reduced by any protruding objects.

32" min clr between protrusions 36" if protrusions or openings are greater than 24" deep 36" min clr 48" min clr on exterior walkways & sidewalks per CBC*

▪▪ Accessible routes directly connect performance areas to assembly seating if a circulation path directly connects both areas ▪▪ Performance areas have an accessible route connecting the performance area to ancillary areas used by performers unless it is a place of public accommodation (private building) with less than 3 stories or a private multi-story building with less than 3,000 SF per each story; [orchestra pits and similar performance areas are considered to be a level and are required to be inter-connected per CBC]

Public Multi-Family Housing Dwelling Units

▪▪ In multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity, common spaces not serving mobility dwelling units [nor serving units with adaptable features] are not required to be accessible or on an accessible route [per CBC] ▪▪ Within the mobility feature dwelling unit, the accessible route connects all spaces with the exception of unfinished attics and basements ▪▪ All rooms in a mobility feature dwelling unit are located on an accessible route, and have a turning space, which includes all bathrooms and walk-in closets, with the exception of small exterior spaces with 30" maximum in one direction ▪▪ If there is only one accessible route thru the dwelling unit, it does not pass thru bathrooms, closets, or similar spaces

* Exterior exit balconies are typically 44" minimum clear depending upon exiting requirements per CBC

Accessible Routes & Clearances

3

Employee Only Areas ▪▪ Employee work areas [and work stations] are located on a common use circulation path and are able to be approached, entered, and exited [excepting portions that are less than 300 SF and elevated 7" or more for the space to function][per CBC] Note Individual work stations and offices have doors or openings 32" minimum clear and allow for a 30" x 48" clear floor space just over the threshold within the room or space itself—no requirement for a turning space inside the individual work station or office

▪▪ Within employee work [station] areas, a common use circulation path exists that complies with accessible route requirements for clear widths, door requirements, slope, and floor height change components; unless it is an exterior work area fully exposed to the weather, or if it is an integral component of work area equipment, [or if the area is less than 1,000 SF and defined by permanent partitions, counters, casework, or furnishing] although these areas are still required to be on an accessible route just not within [per CBC] ▪▪ Employee work stations are on an accessible route and spaces and elements within are on a common use circulation path complying with means of egress, floor surface and change in level requirements, and clear width at doors per CBC ▪▪ Machinery spaces used only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional monitoring are not required to comply or be on an accessible route Note Elevator pits/penthouses, mechanical, electrical, and communication equipment rooms are considered machinery spaces, and if only frequented on an occasional basis by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional monitoring, are not required to be accessible or on an accessible route

4 Accessible Routes

▪▪ Common use circulation paths within employee work areas can be reduced in width by work area equipment if it is required for the equipment to function Note: Circulation path is a general term. It can be a common use circulation path within an employee work area, which has several specific exceptions, or just a circulation path in general. Circulation paths are where pedestrians move from one place to another, and do not necessarily mean they are accessible. Circulation paths thru vehicular ways and unpaved paths are required to either be designed to be accessible or have an accessible route nearby. Stairs are considered vertical circulation paths, which obviously are not accessible for the majority of people with mobility issues. There still are requirements such as tread/riser dimensions, nosing profiles, and handrails to assist people who can navigate stairs. If a vertical circulation path leads to an accessible area or element, there is to be an accessible route within the same general area— whether lift, elevator, or ramp—unless there is a specific exemption. The accessible route can overlap the circulation path or be separate in the same area. Compliant protruding objects can project into a circulation path if they do not protrude into the minimum required clearance of an accessible route, if it does overlap the circulation path. Circulation Path. An exterior or interior way of passage provided for pedestrian travel, including but not limited to, walks, hallways, courtyards, elevators, platform lifts, ramps, stairways, and landings. Common Use. Interior or exterior circulation paths, rooms, spaces, or elements that are not for public use and are made available for the shared use of two or more people.

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 106.5 Definitions – Defined Terms – Circulation Path 106.5 Common Use 203 General Exceptions 203.4 Limited Access Spaces 203.5 Machinery Spaces 203.8 Residential Facilities 203.9 Employee Work Areas 206 Accessible Routes 206.2.1 Where Required – Site Arrival Points 206.2.2 Where Required – Within a Site 206.2.3 Where Required – Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities 206.2.4 Where Required – Spaces and Elements 206.2.6 Where Required – Performance Areas 206.2.8 Where Required – Employee Work Areas 206.3 Location 206.4.5 excep Entrances – Tenant Spaces 305.6 Clear Floor Or Ground Space – Approach 305.7 Maneuvering Clearance 402.2 Accessible Routes – Components 403.5 Walking Surfaces – Clearances 403.5.1 Clear Width 403.5.3 Passing Spaces 404.2.1 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles 404.2.3 Clear Width 404.3.7 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles 502.7 Parking Spaces – Relationship to Accessible Routes 604.8.1.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Doors 604.8.2.2 Ambulatory Accessible Compartments – Doors 809.2 Residential Dwelling Units – Accessible Routes

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-203 General Exceptions 11B-203.4 Limited Access Spaces 11B-203.5 Machinery Spaces 11B-203.8 Residential Facilities 11B-203.9 Employee Work Stations 11B-206 Accessible Routes 11B-206.2.1 Site Arrival Points 11B-206.2.2 Within a Site 11B-206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities 11B-206.2.3.2 Distance to Elevators 11B-206.2.4 Spaces and Elements 11B-206.2.6 Performance Areas 11B-206.2.8 Employee Work Areas 11B-206.3 Location 11B-206.4.5 excep Tenant Spaces 11B-302 Floor Or Ground Surfaces 11B-303 Changes In Level 11B-402.2 Accessible Routes – Components 11B-403.5 Walking Surfaces – Clearances 11B-403.5.1 Clear Width 11B-403.5.3 Passing Spaces 11B-404.2.1 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles 11B-404.2.3 Clear Width 11B-404.3.7 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles 11B-502.7 Parking Spaces – Relationship to Accessible Routes 11B-604.8.1.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Doors 11B-604.8.2.2 Ambulatory Accessible Compartments – Doors 11B-809.2 Residential Dwelling Units – Accessible Routes

809.2.1 Location

11B-809.2.1 Location

809.2.2 Turning Space

11B-809.2.2 Turning Space Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

5

Clear Floor, Turning, & Maneuvering Spaces General Notes

Turning Spaces

▪▪ Maneuvering, turning, and clear floor spaces are level with a maximum slope of 1:48 (2.083%) with no height changes greater than ½"—with ¼" vertical + an additional ¼" beveled with a 1:2 maximum slope ▪▪ Maneuvering, turning, and clear floor spaces require a firm, stable, and slip resistant surface and can use knee/toe clearance under objects with a clear height of 27" minimum, which can extend 25" maximum under an element ▪▪ T-shaped turning spaces can use knee and toe clearance on one of the three ends of the T only ▪▪ One full unobstructed side of a clear floor or turning space adjoins an accessible route or another clear floor space [and can overlap the accessible route unless specifically prohibited per CBC]

in

Øm

60" Diameter ▪▪ Accessible routes with a clear width of less than 60" have either a 60" × 60" minimum clear passing space, or a T intersection where 2 walking surfaces meet and extend 48" minimum beyond the intersection in all 3 directions of the T every 200 LF maximum

60"

Note  Having the route widen out more often not only helps those in wheelchairs or the elderly to rest, but also helps those who are Deaf, by providing them with space to view each other for communication

24"

36"

60"

60"

12"

36"

12"

Only one of the 3 arms of the T can go underneath an object with knee/toe clearance below

60" T-Shaped

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 6 Accessible Routes

60" x 60" Passing Space

Accessible Route

Centered 60" x 60" passing space

Accessible Route

Off-Centered 60" x 60" passing space If the accessible route is less than 60" wide every 200 LF maximum provide a 60" x 60" passing space

accessible route

48"

as required for

T-Shaped Intersection Passing Space

48"

as required for

48"

accessible route If the accessible route is less than 60" wide provide every 200 LF maximum a T-intersection that extends 48" minimum in all 3 directions of the T

Clear Floor, Turning, & Maneuvering Spaces

7

▪▪ A clear floor space is generally 30" × 48" unless located in an alcove or otherwise restricted on all or part of 3 sides Note  Elevator call controls require a clear floor space preferably to a volume of 80" above finished floor (AFF) with no recessed or protruding objects at or within that volume of space

Note:  Generally a clear floor space is considered to be a volume to a height of 80" that can have a counter, table, work surface, lavatory, or drinking fountain protrude into it

Unobstructed Clear Floor Space

▪▪ If the required clear floor space is confined for more than half of its distance along all or part of 3 sides, the space increases—alcoves more than 24" deep for forward approach increase from 30" to 36" × 48" minimum, and those more than 15" deep for parallel approach increase to 30" × 60"

30" x 48" Clear Floor Space

Obstructed Clear Floor Spaces if greater than 15" deep

36" wide x 48" length

Front Approach

then increase to 60" min clr

if greater than 24" deep

then increase to 36" min clr

30" wide x 60" length

Parallel Approach

Clear Floor Spaces in Alcoves or Otherwise Blocked on All or Part of Three Sides

▪▪ In multi-accommodation restrooms, doors cannot swing into a required clear floor space for any fixture, but can swing into turning spaces [12" maximum unless it is the accessible compartment door, which does not have any limitations per CBC] ▪▪ In single user restrooms, doors can swing into clear floor spaces of fixtures and the turning space 8 Accessible Routes

if there is a 30" × 48" clear floor space beyond the arc of the door swing [in mobility dwelling units in public housing only—in all other single-accommodation restrooms, doors can swing into clear floor spaces of fixtures if there is a 30" × 48" clear floor space beyond the arc of the door swing, but are limited to a 12" maximum intrusion into the turning space itself per CBC]

180° Turning Aisles Around An Element ▪▪ Approach aisles with less than 42" clear width leading to a 180° turn around an element with less than a 48" width, have a minimum of 60" clear at the end aisle ▪▪ Approach aisles with a minimum of 42" or more clear width leading to a 180° turn around an element with less than a 48" width, have a minimum of 48" clear at the end aisle CBC Note If the approach aisles are 2-sided, they are required to be a clear width of 44" minimum, then the end aisle has 48" minimum clear if the element is less than 48" in width per CBC

▪▪ If the element is at least 48" minimum in width, all of the aisles, including the end aisle, are to comply with the required clear widths for accessible routes

Note Speed Rails If speed rails are placed in a switchback configuration, rather than having the queue as a single straight line, the question is whether providing 36" continually between the rails is adequate. Typically, 36" would be fine if there is 36" clear between the edges of the stanchion base, or the stanchion itself supporting the speed rail with no base, and presuming that the queue is a single straight line. But if there are switchbacks, the end at the switchback requires more space in order to navigate the 180° switchback turn. This clear dimension at the end is 60" minimum with a 36" minimum aisle leading to it, or it can go down to 48" if the aisles are increased to 42" minimum. It can also decrease if the switchback is around an object that is 48" or wider. In the latter case, you would only need 36" at the end. [If you have a queue that is double-loaded, such as with merchandise on both sides, the minimum width of the queue goes up from 36" minimum to 44" per CBC.] In this case, with a switchback, you only need 48" minimum clear at the end, rather than 60", since the aisles leading to it are greater than 42" minimum.

180° Turning Aisles Around an Element

less than 48"

End Aisle

Aisle

Aisle is 36" min clr with a 60" min End Aisle if serving 1 side per CBC

Element - less than 48" in width

Aisle

Aisle is 42" min clr with a 48" min End Aisle or if serving 2 sides then 44" min clr with a 48" min End Aisle per CBC

if End Aisle is 60" min clr - Aisles are 36" min If End Aisle is 48" min clr - Aisles are 42" min If an Element is 48" or more in width then all Aisles and End Aisles comply with the required accessible route clear widths

Clear Floor, Turning, & Maneuvering Spaces

9

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 303.3 Changes in Level – Beveled 304 Turning Space 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 305.6 Approach 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 306.3.2 Knee Clearance – Maximum Depth 307.4 Protruding Objects – Vertical Clearance 403.5.2 Walking Surfaces – Clearances – Clear Width at Turn 403.5.3 Passing Spaces 407.2.1.3 Elevators – Elevator Landing Requirements – Call Controls – Clear Floor or Ground Space 603.2.3 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances – Door Swing Advisory 407.2.1.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space

10 Accessible Routes

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-303.3 Changes in Level – Beveled 11B-304 Turning Space 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-306 Knee and Toe Clearance 11B-306.3.2 Knee Clearance – Maximum Depth 11B-307.4 Protruding Objects – Vertical Clearance 11B-403.5.2 Walking Surfaces – Clearances – Clear Width at Turn 11B-403.5.3 Passing Spaces 11B-407.2.1.3 Elevators – Elevator Landing Requirements – Call Controls – Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-603.2.3 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances – Door Swing

Walking Surfaces General Notes ▪▪ Ground and floor surfaces are stable, firm, and slip resistant, with the exceptions of sports activity areas and animal containment areas ▪▪ A stable surface is one remaining unchanged when an applied force or contaminants are removed ▪▪ A firm surface is one that resists deformation of either indentation or particles moving along its surface ▪▪ A slip resistant surface provides enough friction when walking on the surface so that it is not slippery, whether it is wet or dry NOTE If permeable surfaces are used on an accessible route, such as compacted decomposed granite, use stabilizing admixtures or binders to create a firm and stable surface along with edging. Many of these surface types can be high maintenance, which should be taken into consideration when specifying. If not maintained, the route may very well become not accessible.

▪▪ Walking surfaces have a cross slope of 1:48 (2.083%) maximum with a slope of 1:20 (5%) or less in the direction of travel [with the exception of running slopes on sidewalks that are a maximum slope matching the grade of the adjacent street in the direction of travel per CBC] ▪▪ Walking surfaces greater than a 1:20 slope are considered either curb ramps or pedestrian ramps  

▪▪ Walking surfaces with an abrupt change in level exceeding 4" at the edge require a 6" ­minimum height curb, or if a handrail or guard rail is ­provided, a guide rail can be centered a minimum of 2" to 4" maximum above the walking surface or sidewalk—this is not required along an adjacent vehicular way per CBC ▪▪ Changes in level can be vertical up to ¼" maximum height, and changes between ¼" to ½" are to have a bevel with a maximum slope of 1:2 (≈ 26.6° from the horizontal); changes in level more than ½" are to comply with requirements for ramps, except within areas of sports activities and animal containment areas ▪▪ Thresholds have a maximum height change of ½" with ¼" vertical and from ¼" to ½" a 1:2 maximum slope – existing thresholds [can be ¾" with a 1:2 maximum bevel on each side] [comply with the ½" maximum height differential per CBC] ▪▪ Carpet and carpet tiles have ½" maximum height pile and are securely attached to the floor with firm or no cushion/pad, and with all exposed edges trimmed and fastened to the floor ▪▪ The carpet edge trim is required to have ½" maximum surface differential to the adjacent floor with a maximum of ¼" vertical and an additional ¼" at a 1:2 slope [—if the edge is ¼" maximum, no edge treatment is required per CBC]

Level Changes Note  Walking surfaces of 1:20 or less are considered sloped walkways, not ramps and therefore do not have to meet pedestrian ramp requirements

▪▪ Level area is defined as having a maximum slope in any direction of 1:48 (2.083%) ▪▪ Sloped walkways have a level area (1:48 or less) of 60" minimum in the direction of travel for the full width of the walkway at every 400 LF maximum per CBC | Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Walking Surfaces

11

▪ Openings in ground and floor surfaces are ½" maximum whether in grates, tree wells, or between pavers, with the exceptions of the elevator/lift hoistway edge to the car platform edge, as well as the rail flanges on circulation paths at boarding platforms where the paths cross tracks  Note Openings in circulation paths are sized so a sphere greater than ½" in diameter cannot pass thru

openings In Floor & Ground Surfaces

12 Accessible Routes

▪ Elongated openings located on walking surfaces are ½" maximum with the ½" slot openings perpendicular to the direction of travel ▪ Shower floors have a 1:48 maximum slope and drains in showers have grates flush with the adjacent floor surface with openings of ¼" maximum per CBC

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 302.1 Floor or Ground Surfaces – General 302.2 Carpet 302.3 Openings 303 Changes in Level

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-302.1 Floor or Ground Surfaces – General 11B-302.2 Carpet 11B-302.3 Openings

305.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Floor or Ground Surfaces

11B-303 Changes in Level

403.3 Walking Surfaces – Slope

11B-305.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Floor or Ground Surfaces

404.2.5 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Thresholds 404.3.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Thresholds 407.4.3 Elevators – Elevator Car Requirements – Platform to Hoistway Clearance 410.4 Platform Lifts – Platform to Runway Clearance

11B-303.5Warning Curbs

11B-403.3Walking Surfaces – Slope 11B-403.7 Continuous Gradient 11B-404.2.5 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Thresholds 11B-404.3.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Thresholds

810.10 Transportation Facilities – Track Crossings

11B-407.4.3 Elevators – Elevator Car Requirements – Platform to Hoistway Clearance

Advisory 302.1 General

11B-410.4 Platform Lifts – Platform to Runway Clearance

Advisory 302.2 Carpet

11B-608.9 Shower Compartments – Shower Floor or Ground Surface 11B-810.10 ­Crossings

Transportation

Facilities

–

Track

Advisory 11B-302.1 General Advisory 11B-302.2 Carpet

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

13

Protruding, Post-Mounted, & Overhanging Objects Protruding Objects ▪▪ Protruding objects can project into a circulation path but cannot reduce the minimum required clear width on an accessible route or path of travel ▪▪ Objects can project from a vertical surface into the circulation path 4" maximum when the leading edge is more than 27" above finished floor (AFF) and less than 80" AFF, unless there is a cane detectable barrier Note: Lavatories can be a protruding object, depending upon the restroom layout and approach. If the leading edge is greater than 27" AFF and if the approach is from the front, it is fine. This would be similar to the typical single user restroom where the lavatory shares

the same plumbing wall as the toilet, or if the lavatory is placed in an alcove. If there is enough space for a side approach, then the lavatory could be considered a protruding object requiring a cane detectable barrier. If the lavatory is placed precisely so its leading edge is at 27" AFF, by definition it would not be considered a hazardous protruding object, since it is not greater than 27" AFF—the definition of limitations on protruding objects. [California requires the front edge of a lavatory to be at a minimum of 29" AFF; therefore, if there is enough space for a side approach, it does require a cane detectable barrier.] ▪▪ Objects can project any amount if the leading edge is either greater than 80" AFF or 27" or less AFF; otherwise, a cane detectable barrier is required

Protruding Objects any protruding depth

more than 80" AFF

4" max

more than 27" AFF

27" AFF or less

any protruding depth

If the leading edge is at 27" or less AFF then there is no limitation on the protruding depth

If the leading edge is greater than 27" AFF then the protrusion is 4" maximum without a cane detectable barrier

If the leading edge is greater than 80" AFF then the protruding depth does not have a limitation

Leading Edge 27" AFF or Less AFF

Leading Edge Greater Than 27" AFF

Leading Edge Greater Than 80" AFF

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 14 Accessible Routes

▪▪ At doorways, no projections are allowed into the required clear opening width below 34" AFF and 4" maximum projection between 34" AFF and 80" AFF, with the exception of alterations for a ⅝" door stop on the latch side 

Note  Consideration should be given to not project or overhang anything into the volume of a required clear floor space below 80", such as the 18" x 18" clear floor space required in front of a tactile sign

▪▪ Casement and awning type windows cannot project into a circulation path more than 4" if their leading edge is greater than 27" AFF and less than 80" without a cane detectable barrier

Protruding Objects – Windows

multi-family housing if at the minimum width of 36", with no protrusion in the required clear width at stairs per CBC] ▪▪ Surface mounted fire extinguishers generally protrude more than 4", requiring a cane detectable barrier if the leading edge is greater than 27" AFF or grade

Post-Mounted Objects ▪▪ Post-mounted objects can overhang circulation paths 12" maximum when the leading edge is above 27" AFF and below 80" AFF, unless there is a cane detectable barrier ▪▪ Sloping portions only of stair handrails can project from a post more than 12" ▪▪ Edges of post-mounted objects have ⅛" minimum radius corners if less than 80" above grade per CBC

4" max

more than 27" AFF

Post-Mounted Objects

Casement & awning type windows opening onto a circulation path can project 4" maximum if their leading edge is greater than 27" AFF unless there is a cane detectable barrier Leading Edge Greater Than 27" AFF - Example

▪▪ Handrails are allowed to protrude from the face of the wall 4½" maximum, [and 3½" maximum into the required clear width on both sides of ramps, with the exception of residential ramps at public

▪▪ Double post-mounted objects can have 12" maximum clear between posts if the leading edge is greater than 27" AFF and less than 80" AFF; otherwise, a cane detectable barrier is required

Protruding, Post-Mounted, & Overhanging Objects

15

Double Post

12" max

leading edge is 80" or more AFF

no limit between posts

greater than 27" and less than 80"

leading edge is 27" or less

Double Post-Mounted Objects

no limit between posts

Double Post

Note Valves on standpipes located within stairwells are not considered post-mounted objects, since they are located on a pipe, not a post. If the valves extend greater than 4" from the face of the pipe and if its leading edge is greater than 27" AFF, it would require a cane detectable barrier below.

Double Post

Overhanging Objects

▪▪ Overhanging objects provide 80" minimum clear below or the leading edge is 27" maximum AFF ▪▪ Door stops and closers are located 78" minimum clear AFF ▪▪ Staircases that are open below onto a circulation path require a cane detectable barrier where the underside of the stairs is greater than 27" and less than 80" AFF or grade Note  Cane detectable barriers below stairs can be a railing with a portion 27" maximum AFF, or a platform or curb at a suggested minimum height of 12"

16 Accessible Routes

80" min clr

Overhanging Objects

Provide a cane detectable barrier underneath overhanging objects having less than 80" minimum clear height

Stairs as an Overhanging Object

less than 80" AFF

27" max

greater than 27" AFF

area requiring a cane detectable barrier

permanent cane detectable barrier to have a portion located at 27" max AFF - some options include a rail or a 12" min height curb

▪▪ All accessible [van] parking spaces, their access aisle, and the full vehicular route from the entry, to the space, and to the exit, have a 98" minimum clear height [per CBC] ▪▪ Provide vertical clearance of 114" minimum for the accessible passenger loading zone—the accessible pull-up space, loading area, and the full vehicular route serving the area

▪▪ Within play areas there is no projection limitation into the circulation paths, provided the accessible routes serving the ground level play components have a minimum vertical height clearance of 80" ▪▪ Within areas of sports activity there is no projection limitation into circulation paths

▪▪ Where a guy support is located in or within 24" of a circulation path, a vertical guy brace, sidewalk guy, or similar device is required per CBC

Protruding, Post-Mounted, & Overhanging Objects

17

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 204.1 excep Protruding Objects – General 307 Protruding Objects 307.2 Protrusion Limits 307.3 Post-Mounted Objects 307.4 Vertical Clearance 307.5 Required Clear Width 404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 502.5 Parking Spaces – Vertical Clearance

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-204.1 excep Protruding Objects – General 11B-307 Protruding Objects 11B-307.2 Protrusion Limits 11B-307.3 Post-Mounted Objects 11B-307.4 Vertical Clearances 11B-307.4.1 Guy Braces 11B-307.5 Required Clear Width

503.5 Passenger Loading Zones – Vertical Clearance

11B-404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width

1008.2.1 Play Areas – Accessible Routes – Ground Level and Elevated Play Components

11B-502.5 Parking Spaces – Vertical Clearance

11B-405.5 excep Ramps – Clear Width 11B-503.5 Passenger Drop-Off and Loading Zones – Vertical Clearance 11B-1008.2.1 Play Areas – Accessible Routes – Ground Level and Elevated Play Components

18 Accessible Routes

Reach Ranges General Notes ▪▪ Reach ranges are from a 30" × 48" level clear floor space with a maximum slope of 1:48 ▪▪ If the object is located within an alcove greater than or blocked more than 24" deep and requires a forward approach, the level clear floor space increases to 36" × 48" ▪▪ If the object is located within an alcove greater than or blocked more than 15" deep and requires a parallel approach, the level clear floor space increases to 30" × 60" ▪▪ One full unobstructed side of a clear floor space either adjoins an accessible route or another clear floor space or overlaps if allowed ▪▪ All required operable parts are within compliant reach ranges with the exception of parts used by service or maintenance personnel and dedicated electrical or communication receptacles Switches, non-dedicated outlets, security and intercom systems, environmental controls, appliance and plumbing fixture controls, and circuit breakers if operated by the public, are all required to be accessible, within reach range from a clear floor space, and operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. ▪▪ Controls, outlets, and switches for use by an occupant are measured to the top of the receptacle box for the outlet or switch for the upper reach range, and to the bottom of the outlet box for the lower reach range per CBC ▪▪ At each location that a depository, vending, or change machine is provided, 1 minimum of each type has controls within compliant reach ranges; a level clear floor space; controls that are operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; an operating force of 5 lbs. maximum; and located on an accessible route with the exception of drive-up depositories ▪▪ 5% of lockers and interior mailboxes are accessible, with 1 minimum of each type being within compliant reach range, from a level clear floor space, having compliant operating force, and located on an accessible route

▪▪ Mailboxes for multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity have one minimum for each mobility unit with compliant reach ranges, clear floor space, operation, and on an accessible route [and one minimum meeting these requirements for each adaptable unit per CBC] ▪▪ Operable windows in accessible rooms to be operated by the occupants, including mobility guest rooms in transient lodging and student housing mobility sleeping rooms, have one minimum window and all required operable windows accessible, which includes compliant reach ranges, clear floor space, operation, and located on an accessible route ▪▪ Mobility and communication feature dwelling units in multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity are exempt from the window requirements ▪▪ Fuel dispensers have highest operable parts at 54" maximum measured from the vehicular way if located on existing curbs ▪▪ Electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) have all operable parts within reach range per CBC ▪▪ Pedestrian traffic control buttons are 48" maximum above the adjacent ground surface per CBC Note Clear Floor Spaces – Are They Really Clear? There are certain things in Access that, at first glance, appear to be clear. But many of the simple things are not as intuitive as you might imagine, particularly if you are not a wheelchair user, or not blind nor deaf—clear floor spaces, for instance. We know that a clear floor space is 30" x 48" unless confined on all or part of three sides. But how do we apply it, how do we show it—particularly when we have enough space so the long edge can be either parallel or perpendicular to an element? When we talk about clear floor spaces, think of the approach to an element, whether forward or parallel, and in some circumstances both. It is not just a matter of providing a space, or drawing a rectangle perpendicular or parallel to an element. In most cases, a clear floor space relates directly to reach ranges. So one of the questions is: What do I need to reach? If it is something on a vertical surface, then either a front or side approach is feasible. The rectangular space can then be placed either parallel or at right angles to this vertical surface, depending upon the space you have. If what you need to reach is set back from the edge of a counter, you cannot do a front approach without having knee/toe clearance below. In this latter case, you will need to show a parallel approach.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Reach Ranges

19

Forward Reach Range With A Forward Approach ▪▪ Unobstructed forward reach range is 15" minimum to 48" maximum AFF ▪▪ Obstructed forward reach ranges have the same or less reach depth above the obstruction as the clear knee/toe depth below Note A forward reach from a wheelchair only allows you to reach as far as your toes. This is why we need the same clear depth at a minimum below as the reach depth above. Although some people can reach further than their toes, this is not the norm.

▪▪ Obstructed forward reach range over an object with a maximum depth of 20" is 48" maximum AFF ▪▪ Obstructed forward reach over an object with a minimum depth greater than 20" to 25" maximum is 44" maximum AFF ▪▪ Nothing on the back wall is accessible if located greater than a depth of 25" Typical kitchen cabinets cannot have flush-mounted objects on the back wall if the operable parts are located more than 44" AFF, since they would not be within reach range for front approach, presuming the counter with the nosing is 25" maximum in depth. If the counter is 24" deep and at a maximum height of 34" AFF, 46" AFF is within side reach range.

Forward Reach from a Forward ­Approach

48" max

15" min

object is flush with the face of the wall - not recessed

Unobstructed Reach

44" max

27" min

48" max

greater than 20" to 25" max

27" min

20" max

Clear floor space below an object is the same depth as the reach depth above the object at a minimum

Obstructed Shallow Reach 20 Accessible Routes

Obstructed Deeper Reach

Side Reach Range With A Parallel Approach ▪▪ Unobstructed side reach range is 15" minimum to 48" maximum AFF

▪▪ Nothing beyond 24" deep is accessible or if the side reach is over an object greater than 34" AFF

▪▪ Obstructed side reach range over a narrow object a maximum of 10" in depth is also 15" minimum to 48" maximum AFF if the object is 34" maximum AFF

▪▪ Obstructed side reach range above a counter greater than 34" AFF can only have objects within reach range if the objects project enough to be located at the front edge and 48" maximum AFF

▪▪ Obstructed side reach over an object more than 10" to a maximum of 24" in depth is a maximum of 46" AFF, presuming the object is 34" maximum AFF

10" max

48" max

34" max

48" max

15" min

Side Reach with a Parallel Approach

10" max

If the obstruction is higher than 34" then items on the back wall are outside of the reach range

46" max

34" max

Narrow Obstruction

more than 10" to 24" max If the obstruction is deeper than 24" then items on the back wall are outside of the reach range

Deeper Obstruction Reach Ranges

21

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 205.1 excep Operable Parts – General 225.2.1 Storage – Lockers 228 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, and Fuel Dispensers 228.2 Mail Boxes 229 Windows 305.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Floor or Ground Surfaces 305.3 Size 305.6 Approach 305.7 Maneuvering Clearance 308.2 Reach Ranges – Forward Reach 308.3 Side Reach 309 Operable Parts 811 Storage

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-205.1 excep Operable Parts – General 11B-225.2.1 Storage – Lockers 11B-228 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, Fuel Dispensers, and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations 11B-228.2 Mail Boxes 11B-228.3.1.2 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – Operable Parts 11B-229 Windows 11B-305.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-305.3 Size 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-305.7 Maneuvering Clearance 11B-308.1.1 Reach Ranges – General – Electrical Switches 11B-308.1.2 Electrical Receptacle Outlets 11B-308.2 Forward Reach 11B-308.3 Side Reach 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-703.7.2.7 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Symbols – Pedestrian Traffic-Control Buttons 11B-811 Storage

22 Accessible Routes

Doors & Gates – General Entrance Notes ▪▪ [60% of all public entries unless specifically noted otherwise][100% of all entrances] are required to be accessible and on an accessible route [per CBC] ▪▪ 100% of all entrances and exterior ground floor exits are required to be accessible, with the exception of those serving smoke-proof enclosures, exit doors serving stairs or stairwells only, and exits located greater than 24" above grade that are in excess of what is required by exiting codes per CBC ▪▪ Direct access entries from parking structures to a building are all required to be accessible ▪▪ Direct access from each tunnel or elevated walkway to a building have one entry minimum accessible [with all being accessible per CBC] ▪▪ Tenant spaces and rooms have one minimum entry accessible [with all being accessible per CBC] ▪▪ Each room or space has a minimum of one door, doorway, or gate accessible [with all being accessible per CBC] ▪▪ Self-storage facility units not required to be accessible are not required to be on an accessible route ▪▪ Doors, doorways, and gates operated only by security personnel do not need to comply with the requirements of hardware, closing speed, and operating force ▪▪ Power-assisted and automatic doors operated only by security personnel do not need to comply with the requirements of maneuvering clearances, doors in series, control clear floor space, break-out opening, and revolving doors, gates, or turnstiles ▪▪ When security personnel operate the entries for everyone, provide a sign on the approach side stating – Entry restricted and controlled by security personnel per CBC ▪▪ Each dwelling unit in public multi-family residential facilities has at least the primary entry door accessible and not located in a bedroom ▪▪ Restricted entrances to a building have a minimum of one entry accessible [with all being accessible per CBC] ▪▪ Service entrances that are the only entry to a building or tenant space have 1 entry minimum a­ ccessible

▪▪ In existing buildings, a service entry is not the only accessible entrance unless it is the only entrance per CBC ▪▪ At medical and long-term care facilities where the period of stay could exceed 24 hours, weather protection is to be provided from the passenger loading zone to a minimum of 1 entry, including the full accessible drop-off and loading area (not the vehicle pull-up space), and the full accessible route to the accessible entry per CBC

Door & Gate Notes ▪▪ Revolving doors, revolving gates, and turnstiles are not considered part of an accessible route and therefore require a swinging or sliding door in the same vicinity ▪▪ Width of a door or gate opening, or the active leaf in a pair of doors, is 32" minimum clear, measured from the face of the door in the 90° open position to the door stop, and has the required maneuvering space ▪▪ If the opening is deeper than 24", provide a door with a clear opening width of 36" in the 90° open position ▪▪ Door openings have an 80" minimum clear height with the exception of door closers and door stops, which can be at 78" minimum AFF to the bottom of the mechanism ▪▪ No projections into the required clear opening width below 34" AFF, except in alterations where a ⅝" maximum latch side stop is permitted ▪▪ A 4" maximum projection is allowed on the push side of the door into the required clear width of the opening from 34" to 80" AFF ▪▪ Force for both the push and pull sides of all interior doors or gates and sliding or folding doors is 5 lbs. maximum; the Administrative Authority can increase the maximum effort to operate fire doors but not to exceed 15 lbs.; [15 lbs. maximum required for fire rated doors per CBC] ▪▪ Exterior doors located at a single location leading to the same space, if a minimum of 1 powered door out of 8 leafs or fraction of 8 leafs has 5 lbs. ­maximum operating force, then the other doors can go up to 8.5 lbs. maximum per CBC

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Doors & Gates – General

23

▪▪ Swinging doors and gates have a smooth surface free of sharp or abrasive edges extending 10" AFF or ground for the full width on the push side; joints on this 10" surface can have a 1/16" maximum surface differential; cavities created by adding kickplates are capped

self-latching device at 54" above grade maximum, if the gate is not also self-locking, requiring the use of a key, electronic opener, or integral combination lock ▪▪ Hardware is required to be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, with 5 lbs. maximum operating force

▪▪ A kickplate or smooth surface is not required on sliding doors, or doors/gates that do not extend to within 10" of the floor or ground, or tempered glass doors without stiles having a bottom rail or shoe tapering 60° minimum from the horizontal on the top edge

▪▪ Latch bolts and other devices holding the door in the closed position are not required to comply with the 5 lbs. maximum operating force

▪▪ If vision lights are present in or adjacent to a door that permits viewing, one panel minimum has its leading edge at 43" maximum AFF; this is not required if the lowest edge of panel is greater than 66" AFF 

▪▪ Existing glazed doors without stiles and existing overhead rolling doors/grilles can have existing locks in any location with the locks activated at the top or bottom rail ▪▪ Closers have a closing time of 5 seconds minimum from 90° open position to 12° from the latch strike side

Note  Be aware that if vision lights are located on the strike side of the door, this may conflict with the location of any permanent room signage if signage is required.

▪▪ Spring hinges have a closing time of 1½ seconds minimum from 70° to the closed position

Hardware Notes

▪▪ Operating hardware is fully exposed on both sides of sliding doors when the door is fully opened

▪▪ All operable door hardware is located 34" minimum to [48"maximum AFF][44" maximum AFF per CBC]

▪▪ The arm of  lever hardware is curved to return to within ½" of the face of the door for required exit doors, with some exceptions per CA State Fire Marshal

▪▪ Access gates at pools, spas, and hot tubs can have the operable part of the latch release on a

Doors

24 Accessible Routes

80" min

43" max

34" min to 48" max

44" max per CBC

10"

this location for a window or vision light on the strike side of the door conflicts if there is a permanent room sign for the door or space beyond and needs to be taken into account

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 206.4 Accessible Routes – Entrances 206.4.1 Public Entrances 206.4.2 Parking Structure Entrances 206.4.3 Entrances from Tunnels or Elevated Walkways 206.4.5 Tenant Spaces 206.4.6 Residential Dwelling Unit Primary Entrance 206.4.7 Restricted Entrances 206.4.8 Service Entrances 206.5.2 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Rooms and Spaces 307.4 Protruding Objects – Vertical Clearance 309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 404.1 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – General 404.2 Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates 404.2.1 Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles 404.2.2 Double-Leaf Doors and Gates 404.2.3 Clear Width 404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances 404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware 404.2.8 Closing Speed 404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force 404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces 404.2.11 Vision Lights 404.3.7 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles 703.4.2 Signs – Installation Height and Location – Location

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-206.4Accessible Routes – Entrances 11B-206.4.1 Entrances and Exterior Ground Floor Exits 11B-206.4.2 Parking Structure Entrances 11B-206.4.3 Entrances from Tunnels or Elevated Walkways 11B-206.4.5 Tenant Spaces 11B-206.4.6 Residential Dwelling Unit Primary Entrance 11B-206.4.7 Restricted Entrances 11B-206.4.8 Service Entrances 11B-206.4.10 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 11B-206.5.2 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Rooms and Spaces 11B-307.4 Protruding Objects – Vertical Clearance 11B-307.4.1 Guy Braces 11B-309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 11B-404.1 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – General 11B-404.2 Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates 11B-404.2.1 Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles 11B-404.2.2 Double-Leaf Doors and Gates 11B-404.2.3 Clear Width 11B-404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances 11B-404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware 11B-404.2.8 Closing Speed 11B-404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force 11B-404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces 11B-404.2.11 Vision Lights 11B-404.3.7 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles 11B-703.4.2 Signs – Installation Height and Location – Location Advisory 11B-404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware

CA State Fire Marshal Part 12 Sources: Section 12-10-202(f) Exits – Single-Point Latching or Locking Devices – Design Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

25

Doors & Gates – Maneuvering Clearances General Notes ▪▪ All required clear floor spaces are to have a maximum slope of 1:48 (2.083%), and any vertical height changes are limited to ¼" maximum vertical with an addition ¼" at a 1:2 slope for a total of ½" height differential ▪▪ Maneuvering clearances are firm, stable, and slip resistant; if openings exist in the floor surface, they are ½" maximum, and carpet, if exists, has a pile height of ½" maximum measured to the backing, cushion, or pad with all exposed edges fastened to the floor ▪▪ Where doors are recessed more than 8", use clearance requirements for forward approach ▪▪ One minimum of the active leafs of double-leaf doors or gates has the required clear opening width and maneuvering space

▪▪ Restroom compartments have [42" minimum clear with latch approach] [48" minimum clear] from the face of the door to the wall or other obstructions outside of the compartment [for push side approach or 60" if pull approach per CBC] ▪▪ Power-assisted doors and gates comply with manual door clearances ▪▪ Automatic doors and gates without standby power comply with manual door clearances if serving an accessible means of egress system, unless the doors remain open in the power-off mode ▪▪ Controls for powered doors have a level 30" × 48" clear floor space outside of the door swing ▪▪ Powered doors have 32" minimum clear in both the power-on and power-off mode based on [both leafs in the open position] [one leaf in the 90° open position per CBC]

▪▪ Hospital patient room entry doors [do not require latch side clearance] [have the required clearances per CBC]

Forward Approach

18" min 18" min interior 24" min exterior per CBC

48" min

12" min

Push Side with Both Closer & Latch

60" min

Pull Side

18" min 18" min interior 24" min exterior per CBC

48" min

60" min

Pull Side

Push Side

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 26 Accessible Routes

22" min

44" min per CBC

42" min

36" min

60" min

alternate of 54" with 42" on latch side

48" min

60" min

Pull Side

alternate of 54" with 42" on latch side

Hinge Approach Pull Side

36" min

22" min

Push Side with Both Closer & Latch

Push Side

Latch Approach Pull Side

Push Side with Closer

60" min per CBC 44" min per CBC

24" min

48" min

60" min per CBC

24" min

42" min

48" min

54" min

Pull Side

24" min

24" min

Push Side

Doors & Gates – Maneuvering Clearances

27

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 305.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Floor or Ground Surfaces 404.2.2 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Double-Leaf Doors and Gates 404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances 404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates 404.2.4.4 Floor or Ground Surface 404.3.1 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Clear Width 404.3.2 Maneuvering Clearance 404.3.5 Controls 604.8.1.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Doors

28 Accessible Routes

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-305.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-404.2.2 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Double-Leaf Doors and Gates 11B-404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances 11B-404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates 11B-404.2.4.4 Floor or Ground Surface 11B-404.3.1 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Clear Width 11B-404.3.2 Maneuvering Clearance 11B-404.3.5 Controls 11B-604.8.1.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Doors

Doors & Gates – Opening Configurations General Notes ▪▪ All openings have 32" minimum clear width in the open position, including folding, sliding, and pocket doors – measure from the 90° open position if hinged or if folding, from the face of the door to the door stop ▪▪ For folding, sliding, and pocket doors, the door hardware should be fully exposed on both sides in the open position and graspable without hitting the door casing

Since sliding and pocket door hardware needs to be fully exposed on both sides in both open and closed positions, provide a suggested minimum amount of 1½" clear between the hardware and the door casing on both sides so that it is easily graspable. Provide a door stop to leave this amount clear. The door and its opening will need to be made larger than the minimum and most likely at least 5" wider than the minimum required clear opening width depending upon the width and placement of the door pull.

Sliding Door Hardware

Recessed Doors/Gates

▪▪ An intrusion into the door required clear floor space can project 8" maximum on the strike side, measured from the face of the door for forward approach only

▪▪ If the intrusion is over 8" deep on the strike/latch side, it would need to be removed to allow for 12" clear on the push side with both a closer and latch, and on the pull strike/latch side, regardless of whether there is a closer or latch, to allow for 18" clear [or 24" on the exterior pull side per CBC]

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Doors & Gates – Opening Configurations

29

60" min

Partially Recessed Doors/Gates

48" min

door can be recessed 8" maximum from the edge of the required clr flr space for front approach only

additional 12" space required only if door has both a closer and a latch

8" Maximum Intrusion

48" min

60" min

if greater than 8" intrusion into required clr flr space, pull back the intrusion from the strike side clearance

additional 12" space required only if door has both a closer and a latch

More Than 8" Intrusion Recessed doors with front approach can be recessed 8" maximum from the required clear floor space measured from the face of the door - if greater than 8" the intruding object needs to be pulled back to allow required strike side clearances for forward approach

Recessed Doors/Gates

48" min

60" min

8" max intrusion from face of door to edge of required clr flr space

36" min

if opening depth is more than 24" increase width to 36" min

Greater Than 24" Recess on Doors without Both a Latch & Closer or Openings without Doors 30 Accessible Routes

Doors In Series

Openings Without Doors

▪▪ Openings without doors having less than 36" clear width are required to have 42" minimum clear depth on both sides for the full opening width for side approach, or 48" minimum deep for front approach

▪▪ Hinged or pivoted doors in series require 48" minimum between any part of their swing to the face or edge of the door depending upon the swing direction

32" min clr opening

42" min

42" min

Openings without Door

Openings without doors less than 36" wide with side approach, have 42" minimum clear depth on each side of the opening for the full opening width

Doors in Series

48" min

48" min

Swing in same direction

Swing outwards from vestibule

Vestibule Doors

48" min

Doors on Opposite Walls

Doors & Gates – Opening Configurations

31

for the full width of the opening, and extending it an additional 22" on both pocket/hinge sides

Sliding, Pocket, & Folding Doors

▪▪ For front approach, provide a minimum clear depth of 48" on both sides of the opening and for the full width of the opening

▪▪ For latch or strike side approach, provide a minimum clear depth of 42" on both sides of the opening for the full width of the opening, and extending it an additional 24" on both strike/latch sides

▪▪ For pocket or hinge side approach, provide a minimum clear depth of 42" on both sides of the ­opening

48" min 48" min

48" min

48" min

Sliding & Folding Doors

Sliding/Pocket

Bi-Fold

Front approach has 48" minimum depth on both sides of the door/gate for the full opening width

42" min

42" min

Front Approach

22"

42" min

42" min

22"

Sliding/Pocket

Bi-Fold

Hinge or Pocket Side approach has 42" minimum depth on both sides of the door for the full opening width plus an additional 22" on the pocket/hinge side

42" min 24"

24" 42" min

42" min

42" min

Hinge or Pocket Side Approach

Bi-Fold

Sliding/Pocket

Latch Side approach has 42" minimum depth on both sides of the door for the full width of the opening plus an additional 24" on the latch/strike side

Latch Side Approach 32 Accessible Routes

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 404.2.4.2 Maneuvering Clearances – Doorways without Doors or Gates, Sliding Doors, and Folding Doors 404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates 404.2.6 Doors in Series and Gates in Series 404.2.7 Doors and Gate Hardware

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 11B-404.2.4.2 Doorways without Doors or Gates, Sliding Doors, and Folding Doors 11B-404.2.4.3 Recessed Doors and Gates 11B-404.2.6 Doors in Series and Gates in Series 11B-404.2.7 Doors and Gate Hardware

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

33

Power-Assist, Low-Energy, & Automatic Doors & Gates General Notes How do you differentiate between the different types of powered doors? Automatic Power-Operated doors are not so much an issue—basically, sensors cause them to open automatically when you approach and close afterwards, without any action on your part, but Low-Energy and Power-Assist doors are another matter and require a knowing act. A door with a button or switch, if the door automatically opens when the button is pushed, is a Low-Energy Powered door. If you push the button and then have to manually push/pull the door, then you have a PowerAssist door. A Power-Assist door is powered by a manual control or mechanism that reduces the operating force of a self-closing door when the opening force is greater than 5 lbs. and is not frequently used. ▪▪ Power-operated doors comply with Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association (BHMA) A156.10, (1999 edition) and low-energy and power-assist comply with A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition) including signage requirements, rails, and sensing devices [and where vertical actuation bars are provided, the operable parts are a minimum of 2" in width with an ISA and located at 5" maximum AFF and the top at 35" minimum, and if push plates are provided there are 2, either a 4" square or diameter with an ISA, and centered at 7" to 8" AFF with the upper centered at 30" to 44" AFF per CBC] ▪▪ Opening width of power-operated, low-energy, and power-assist doors in both the power-on and power-off modes is 32" minimum clear, measured from face of door in the 90° open position, or the fully retracted position for sliding doors to the door stop depending upon the occupancy ▪▪ The minimum clear width of 32" for power-operated doors is based on clear opening width provided by [both leaves in the open position] [one leaf in the 90° open position per CBC] ▪▪ All required maneuvering clearances comply with manual doors ▪▪ Doors without stand-by power serving an accessible means of egress system have maneuvering clearances provided, unless the door remains open in the power-off mode

▪▪ Thresholds are ½" maximum with ¼" vertical and from ¼" to ½" at a 1:2 slope maximum ▪▪ Exterior doors located at a single location l­eading to the same space, if one powered door is 5 lbs. maximum out of 8 leaves or fraction of 8 leaves, then the other doors can have 8.5 lbs. maximum operating force – the 5 lb. door is located closest to the accessible route and marked with an ISA on or adjacent to the accessible leaf per CBC ▪▪ Manually operated controls for both power-assist and low-energy doors have a 30" × 48" clear floor space beyond the arc of the door swing, and are operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, and have an operating force of 5 lbs. maximum

Power-Assist Swinging Doors per BHMA ▪▪ Power-assist doors and gates require maneuvering clearances ▪▪ A power-assist door requires the push or pull force to be 15 lbs. maximum ▪▪ The switch mechanism is used to reduce the opening operating force and the door is self-closing ▪▪ The power-assist operated door sign is mounted at 50" ±12" AFF to the centerline and visible from both sides with ⅝" minimum height white lettering on a blue background ▪▪ If a separate switch is used to activate the door, place a sign on both sides stating Easy Open Door – Activate Switch Then Open Door ▪▪ If door motion is used to activate the door, place a sign on one side stating Easy Open Door – Push To Operate and on the other side Pull To ­Operate ▪▪ If a remote sensor or device is used to activate, place a sign on both sides stating Easy Open Door – Power Assisted  Note A power-assist door is operated by either pushing or pulling the door. A separate mechanism can be activated that puts the door in the power-assist mode, which is used to lessen the opening force of the door. The door closes automatically.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 34 Accessible Routes

Low-Energy Power-Operated Doors per BHMA

Automatic Doors (Power-Operated) per BHMA

▪▪ A low-energy door can be either a door that both opens and closes automatically when a mechanism is activated, or one that only opens automatically when a mechanism is activated

▪▪ Force for both the push and pull sides of interior automatic power-operated sliding doors or gates is 5 lbs. maximum and 15 lbs. maximum in case of a power outage per BHMA

▪▪ Force to stop a door from opening or closing is 15 lbs. maximum

▪▪ Break out openings for power-operated swinging or sliding doors without stand-by power that are part of a means of egress, have a 32" minimum clear opening in emergency mode, unless compliant manual doors are located in the same area

▪▪ A low-energy door remains fully open for 5 seconds minimum ▪▪ During a power failure, the low-energy door requires 15 lbs. maximum of operating force to release the latch, 30 lbs. to break the inertia, and 15 lbs. to fully open the door ▪▪ The low-energy operated door sign is a 6" minimum diameter with ⅝" minimum height black lettering on a yellow background, mounted at 50" ±12" AFF to the centerline and visible from both sides saying Automatic Caution Door ▪▪ If a separate switch is used to activate the door, place another sign on both sides of the door stating Activate Switch To Operate in white letters on a blue background ▪▪ If door motion is used to activate the door, place a sign on one side of the door saying Push To Operate and on the other side, Pull To Operate with white lettering on a blue background Note

▪▪ Automatic power-operated swinging doors require two guide rails or walls on the pull side of the door that project at a minimum to the leading edge of the widest door in the open position; if it is an egress door, add an additional 55" ▪▪ Automatic power-operated folding doors require one guide rail on the pull fold side that projects out beyond the leading edge of the door either 5" or 12" minimum, depending upon approach and direction of travel ▪▪ Guide rails are 30" minimum above grade with either a second rail or panel with its leading edge at 27" maximum above grade ▪▪ The rail has a clearance of 2" minimum to 6" maximum to the door ▪▪ Guide rails are either mounted on the jamb or are floor-mounted 2" maximum from the jamb

A low-energy door has two varieties: one, a poweropen door, which has a powered mechanism that opens the door only when the mechanism is activated and is closed by other means; and the second, is a poweroperated door that automatically opens and closes from a powered actuating signal

Power-Assist, Low-Energy, & Automatic Doors & Gates

35

▪▪ All swinging, sliding, and folding automatic doors serving egress and ingress have signs that are a 6" minimum diameter with ½" minimum height black lettering on a yellow background, mounted on the door at 58" ± 5" AFF to the centerline and visible from both sides, saying Automatic Caution Door

Automatic Door Sign

▪▪ There are other signage requirements depending upon whether it is a swinging, sliding, or folding door Note  Basically, a fully automatic power-operated door opens when you approach and closes afterwards, without having to do anything or touch the door.

AUTOMATIC

CAUTION DOOR

Rails for Power-Operated Doors free-standing guide rails have 2" maximum between the rail and the jamb guide rail or wall the full length of the widest door at a minimum

2" min to 6" max 2" min to 6" max

2" max

Power-Operated Swinging Door

guide rail projects beyond the fold-open position 12" for 2-way traffic 12" for 1-way fold-side approach 5" for 1-way strike side approach 2" min to 6" max

Power-Operated Folding Door

36 Accessible Routes

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 404.2.4 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Maneuvering Clearances 404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force 404.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates 404.3.5 Controls

BHMA Sources:

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-404.2.4 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Maneuvering Clearances 11B-404.2.9 excep Door and Gate Opening Force 11B-404.3 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates 11B-404.3.5 Controls

A156.10-1999 ANSI/BHMA For Power Operated Pedestrian Doors 6 Guide Rails 11 Signage A156.19-2002 ANSI/BHMA For Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated Doors 3 Requirements for Swinging Power-Assist Doors 6 Signs

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

37

Doors, Gates, & Windows – Specific Types & Uses Security & Restricted Doors & Gates ▪▪ If turnstiles are used for crowd control, an unlocked gate is located in the immediate vicinity ▪▪ If security barriers obstruct the circulation path, provide an accessible route adjacent that allows the person to keep visual contact with their personal items ▪▪ Manual entries that are latched and always controlled by an attendant are not required to comply with door hardware, closing speed, and operating force [and have a sign posted stating Entry Restricted And Controlled By Security Personnel per CBC] ▪▪ If all entries are restricted, [one entry is required to be fully accessible] [all are still required to be accessible per CBC] ▪▪ If a service entry is the only entry to a building or tenant space, then that entry is to be accessible ▪▪ In existing buildings, the service entry is not the only accessible entry unless it is also the only building entry per CBC ▪▪ Access gates in fences surrounding pools, hot tubs, and spas have the operable part of the latch mechanism of a self-latching device at 54" maximum above grade, if it is not also self-locking and operated by a key, electronic opener, or combination lock

Doors & Gates – Other Uses ▪▪ All doors providing user passage in transient lodging guest rooms and student housing sleeping rooms that have mobility features are fully accessible ▪▪ Transient lodging guest room doors providing user passage into and within guest rooms that are not designated mobility feature rooms comply with clear width requirements, have no projections below 34" into the clear opening width, 4" maximum projection between 34" and 80" AFF, and 78" AFF minimum clear to door closers and door stops, with the exception of the non-mobility room shower and sauna doors ▪▪ One entry minimum, at licensed medical and longterm care facilities where the period of stay may be over 24 hours, has a canopy or roof overhang covering the route and the accessible passenger dropoff and loading area to the entry per CBC ▪▪ In self-storage facilities, only the storage spaces required to be accessible are located on an accessible route and are required to have accessible doors, as well as all common and public spaces ▪▪ Powered revolving doors, gates, and turnstiles are not part of an accessible route, although they can be considered part of a common use circulation path

Revolving Doors & Accessible Route

circulation path accessible route

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 38 Accessible Routes

▪▪ Mobility feature dwelling units in both multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity and in social service center establishments, as well as student housing that includes a sleeping room with mobility features, have all doors providing user passage comply with door size, clear floor space, thresholds, door hardware, operating force, and door surface requirements

Operable Window Clear Floor Space

Windows ▪▪ Operable windows in accessible rooms operated by the occupants, including mobility feature guest rooms in transient lodging, and mobility feature student housing sleeping rooms, have one minimum window, and all windows required by the administrative authority, to be operable and accessible, which includes compliant reach ranges, clear floor space, operation, and on an accessible route—this is not applicable to residential dwelling units or to social service center establishment sleeping rooms

if an operable window is provided, one minimum in each space has a 30" x 48" clr flr space in front within both mobility feature guest rooms and student housing sleeping rooms

International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss

▪▪ Windows located in transient lodging guest rooms and student housing sleeping rooms that are non-mobility feature are not required to comply ▪▪ Mobility and communication feature dwelling units in multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity are exempt from the window requirements ▪▪ Non-mobility transient lodging guest rooms are exempt from the window requirements Consideration should be given to the operation of window coverings, and the window itself, in order to make accessible for opening and closing, particularly in all transient lodging guest rooms—a vertical rod would not be considered accessible since it requires tight grasping, pinching, and twisting of the wrist. ▪▪ Counters or teller windows with security glazing separating the public from a worker have a method to facilitate voice communication, such as a grille, slats, baffles, intercom, telephone, or other assistive listening device ▪ If a telephone is provided at security glazing, it complies with volume control requirements ▪ If an assistive listening device is provided at security glazing, an International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss is provided Doors, Gates, & Windows – Specific Types & Uses

39

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 206.4.5 excep Accessible Routes – Entrances –Tenant Spaces 206.4.7 Restricted Entrances 206.4.8 Service Entrances 206.5.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Transient Lodging Facilities 206.5.4 Residential Dwelling Units 206.8 Security Barriers 225.3 Storage – Self-Service Storage Facilities 229.1 Windows – General 404 Doors, Doorways, and Gates 404.1 excep General 404.2.1 Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles 404.2.3 Clear Width 404.2.7 excep 2 Door and Gate Hardware 404.3.7 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles 704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones 806.2 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms – Guest Rooms With Mobility Features

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-206.4.5 excep Accessible Routes – Entrances – Tenant Spaces 11B-206.4.7 Restricted Entrances 11B-206.4.8 Service Entrances 11B-206.4.10 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 11B-206.5.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Transient Lodging Facilities 11B-206.5.4 Residential Dwelling Units 11B-206.8 Security Barriers 11B-225.3 Storage – Self-Service Storage Facilities 11B-229.1 Windows – General 11B-404 Doors, Doorways, and Gates 11B-404.1 excep General 11B-404.2.1 Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Revolving Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles 11B-404.2.3 Clear Width 11B-404.2.7 excep 2 Door and Gate Hardware 11B-404.3.7 Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates – Revolving Doors, Revolving Gates, and Turnstiles

904.6 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters – Security Glazing

11B-704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones

Advisory 904.6 Security Glazing

11B-904.6 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters – Security Glazing

ADA Implementing Regulations: § 35.151 (e) New Construction and Alterations – Social Service Center Establishments § 36.406 (d) Standards for New Construction and Alterations – Social Service Center Establishments

40 Accessible Routes

11B-806.2 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms – Guest Rooms With Mobility Features

Machines, Controls, & Other Items General Notes ▪▪ All accessible controls such as switches, circuit breakers, convenience outlets, environmental and appliance controls, plumbing fixture controls, security and intercom systems, and operable parts on accessible devices have a clear floor space; are within reach range; are operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; and require 5 lbs. maximum force, unless they are dedicated for specific elements, or for service or maintenance personnel use only, or have specific exemptions ▪▪ If redundant controls are provided in a space for a single element, one control is not required to be accessible, with the exception of light switches ▪▪ Electrical and communication receptacles serving a dedicated use do not need to be accessible ▪▪ If two or more outlets are located above kitchen counters that are uninterrupted by a sink or appliance, [one does not need to be accessible] [all are required to be accessible per CBC] ▪▪ Floor outlets and HVAC diffusers are not required to be accessible ▪▪ Exercise machines and equipment do not need to be accessible, although one of each type in each area does need to be on an accessible route ▪▪ One minimum of each type of vending machine, depository, change machine, and fuel dispenser is accessible at each location, with compliant reach range, clear floor space, and operation, with the exception of drive-up depositories ▪▪ Gas pump nozzles are not required to comply with 5 lbs. maximum operating force ▪▪ One minimum of each type of ATM, self-serve fare vending, collection, or adjustment machine provided is accessible at each location, with clear floor space, reach range, and has the same degree of privacy as a non-accessible device ▪▪ ATM and fare machines either have a clear or correct key, or each operable part is differentiated by sound or touch without activation ▪▪ Where 2 or more ATMs or fare machines are provided at a single location 50% minimum comply

with clear floor space, operation and operating force, reach range, degree of privacy, speech output, user control, receipts, input device, display screen, and Braille; the remaining machines comply with basically the same requirements, with the exception of the screen angle and clear floor space per CBC ▪▪ Where bins and waste receptacles are provided at ATMs and fare machines, 1 minimum of each type is accessible ▪▪ All point of sale (POS) devices are operable with one hand, without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; have 5 lbs. maximum operating force; meet screen character requirements; have instructions in Braille; if a video touch screen exists, it also includes a tactilely discernible numeric keypad or equivalent other technology; and each operable part is either differentiated by sound or touch without activation, or a Clear or Correct key is provided per CBC ▪▪ If POS devices are located at accessible check stands or sales/service counters, then they also comply with clear floor space and reach range requirements per CBC ▪▪ Interior mailboxes have 5% with one minimum per type accessible, with compliant reach ranges, clear floor space, and operation ▪▪ Mailboxes in multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity, have one accessible with compliant reach ranges, clear floor space, and operation for each mobility dwelling unit [and for each adaptable unit per CBC]

Display Screens & Input ▪▪ Display screens are visible from a point 40" AFF centered on the clear floor space in front of the equipment, except for drive-up ATMs and fare machines ▪▪ The maximum heights of display screens measured to the centerline are 34" AFF if the screen is horizontal up to a slope of 30°; 44" AFF if the display screen is between 30° and 60°; and 52" AFF if the display screen is 60° to vertical per CBC

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Machines, Controls, & Other Items

41

▪▪ Drive-up ATMs and fare machines do not require clear floor space or compliant reach ranges ▪▪ Input keyboard devices are arranged in a 12-key ascending (the number one key on the top) or descending (number one key on the bottom) telephone keypad layout, with the number 5 key tactilely distinct from other keys; keys not on the active display areas are raised ▪▪ Function keys should contrast visually with background surfaces, and character keys contrast with the characters or symbols on the keys themselves, with a light-on-dark or dark-on-light visual contrast ▪▪ Function key surfaces have tactile symbols of a raised circle for Enter/Proceed, a raised left arrow for Clear/Correct, a raised letter X for Cancel, a raised + or – sign for Add/Decrease Value, which do not need to contrast with their background ▪▪ Display screen characters are sans serif and 3/₁₆" minimum height based on the uppercase letter I, and contrast with their background with either a light-on-dark or dark-on-light contrast [including POS devices per CBC] ▪▪ If no Clear or Correct keys exist, each operable part is differentiated by sound or touch without activation, except drive-up devices [including POS devices per CBC]

NOTE  Handsets may be more difficult to reach for some people, and a different method to facilitate voice communication might be preferred

▪▪ Two-way communication for the purpose of gaining admittance to a building or restricted area is to have both visible and audible signals, and the visible signal has a sign designating the meaning of the signal ▪▪ If an assistive listening device is used, it has signage with the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss with appropriate information on its use ▪▪ If multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity have a communication system between the public entry and the dwelling unit, both sides have the capability to support both voice and TTY

International Symbols of Access

Volume Control Telephone

▪▪ For POS devices, if the keypad is non-tactile or consists of a video touch screen, it is also required to have a tactilely discernible keypad or other equivalent technology per CBC ▪▪ Braille instructions for initiating speech mode are provided

Access for Hearing Loss

▪▪ There are further requirements for speech output and Braille instructions

Security Glazing & 2-Way Communication ▪▪ Where security glazing is located at counters, separating the public from personnel, facilitate voice communication by means of a grille, slats, baffles, intercoms, or telephone handset devices ▪▪ If telephone handset devices are used, they have volume controls and a cord of a 29" minimum length, and display the International Symbol of Volume Control Telephone

42 Accessible Routes

TTY

Fire Alarms & Emergency Signage ▪▪ Fire alarm systems comply with NFPA 72 (1999 or 2002 edition) and [ADA 702.1] [11B-702.1 per CBC]

▪▪ Public and common use areas with an alarm system having audible alarms also have visible alarms, [including restrooms, corridors, and lobbies per CBC] ▪▪ Employee work areas with audible alarms also have wiring for future visible alarms ▪▪ Transient lodging guest rooms with communication features have both visible and audible alarms complying with NFPA 72 Section 4-3 and 4-4 of the 1999 edition, or 7-4 and 7-5 of the 2002 edition [which are activated by room smoke, building fire alarm system, and carbon monoxide per CBC] ▪▪ In multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity, the dwelling units with communication features have the system wiring extended within the unit near the unit’s smoke detector system, and if alarm appliances are provided within the unit, they are activated when the building’s alarm is activated, and the same device can be used for the unit smoke alarm [and the provided carbon monoxide alarms per CBC] ▪▪ Existing facilities do not require visible alarms until the existing system is replaced, or a new system is installed ▪▪ Visual characters are not required to comply with height AFF for floor exit signs or floor exit plans with emergency procedures per CBC ▪▪ Floor exit plans are not required to comply with character height, although it is preferable to have the text at ⅝" minimum height on the plans with upper/lower case per CBC

Note Accessible Means of Egress An accessible means of egress is a continuous way of egress travel from within a building that provides an accessible route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit, and to the public way. This is defined in the 2000, 2001 Supplement, and the 2003 International Building Code (IBC), as accepted by the ADA Standards, and allows the use of exit stairways, platform lifts, and evacuation elevators, along with horizontal exits and areas of refuge. Note that proportional spending for path of travel does not apply to an accessible means of egress system, unless that portion is also the approach to an altered area. Accessible Means of Egress. A continuous and unobstructed way of egress travel from any point in a building or facility that provides an accessible route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit, or a public way.

Controls ▪▪ All controls and devices, including coin slots, are operable with one hand; do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; and require 5 lbs. maximum operating force ▪▪ Controls are viewed and operated from a 30" × 48" level clear floor space—unless located in an alcove where additional space is required—and are within compliant reach range ▪▪ Each accessible machine or control has one full unobstructed side of its clear floor space adjoining an accessible route, or another clear floor space, or overlapping the accessible route, if allowed ▪▪ Controls used only by service or maintenance personnel, as well as dedicated electrical or communication receptacles, are exempt ▪▪ Light switches and electrical receptacles are within reach range and 15" minimum to 48" maximum AFF [measured to the bottom and top of the receptacle box for the switch or outlet if the electrical is on circuits of 30 AMP maximum per CBC]

Machines, Controls, & Other Items

43

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 106.5 Definitions – Defined Terms – Accessible Means of Egress 205.1 Operable Parts – General 215 Fire Alarm Systems 215.3 Employee Work Areas 220 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 228.1 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, and Fuel Dispensers – General 228.2 Mail Boxes 230 Two-Way Communication Systems 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 305.6 Approach 308 Reach Ranges 309 Operable Parts 702 Fire Alarm Systems 703.7.2.3 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Symbols – Volume Control Telephones 703.7.2.4 Assisted Listening Systems 704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones 707 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 707.3 Operable Parts 707.4 Privacy 707.6 Input 707.7 Display Screen 707.7.1 Visibility 708.1 Two-Way Communication Systems – General 708.2 Audible and Visual Indicators 708.3 Handsets 708.4 Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems 809.5 Residential Dwelling Unit – Residential Dwelling Units with Communication Features 809.5.1 Building Fire Alarm System 809.5.2 Residential Dwelling Unit Smoke Detection System 809.5.3 Interconnection

44 Accessible Routes

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 907.5.2.1 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems – Occupant Notification Systems – Alarm Notification Appliances – Audible Alarms 907.5.2.3 Visible Alarms 11B-205.1 Operable Parts – General 11B-215 Fire Alarm Systems and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Systems 11B-215.3 Employee Work Areas 11B-220.1 Automatic Teller Machines, Fare Machines, and Point-of-Sale Devices – Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 11B-220.2 Point-of-Sale Devices 11B-228.1 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, and Fuel Dispensers, and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – General 11B-228.2 Mail Boxes 11B-230 Two-Way Communication Systems 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-308 Reach Ranges 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-702 Fire Alarm Systems 11B-703.5.5 excep Signs – Visual Characters – Character Height 11B-703.5.6 exceps 2, 3 Height from Finished Floor or Ground 11B-703.7.2.3 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Symbols – Volume Control Telephones 11B-703.7.2.4 Assisted Listening Systems 11B-704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones 11B-707 Automatic Teller Machines, Fare Machines and Point-of-Sale Devices 11B-707.3 Operable Parts 11B-707.4 Privacy 11B-707.6 Input

904.6 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters – Security Glazing

11B-707.7 Display Screen

Advisory 904.6 Security Glazing

11B-707.9 Point-of-Sale Devices

11B-707.7.1 Visibility 11B-708.1 Two-Way Communication Systems – General 11B-708.2 Audible and Visual Indicators 11B-708.3 Handsets 11B-708.4 Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems 11B-809.5 Residential Dwelling Units – Residential Dwelling Units with Communication Features 11B-809.5.1 Building Fire Alarm System 11B-809.5.2 Residential Dwelling Unit Smoke Detection System and Carbon Monoxide Detection System 11B-809.5.3 Interconnection 11B-904.6 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters – Security Glazing

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

45

Chapter 2

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

Site Elements  There are a myriad of requirements for a site, starting from the point where we are transitioning as passengers to pedestrians. Whether it is a question of parking, passenger drop-off, valet service, transportation, or recreation such as pools and spas, there are a variety of differing site requirements, all of which need to connect with an accessible route. This chapter will also review Access requirements for the new technology of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS), which are being implemented in California.

Accessible Parking – In General General Notes  ▪▪ Accessible parking is located on the shortest accessible pedestrian route to the building or facility entry and dispersed at all accessible entries ▪▪ Parking facilities that do not serve a specific building have accessible parking located on the shortest accessible route to the accessible pedestrian entrance of the parking facility ▪▪ In multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity, parking spaces for the mobility dwelling units are located on the shortest accessible route to the dwelling unit it serves; additional accessible parking is dispersed ▪▪ The accessible route [preferably] does not pass behind parking spaces other than the accessible stall in which the person is parked [per CBC] ▪▪ Where direct access is provided for pedestrians from a parking structure to a building, each direct entry from the structure is accessible ▪▪ Provide wheel stops, bollards, curbs, or some other method for all vehicles along an accessible pedestrian route if the vehicular overhang intrudes upon the minimum required clear width of the adjacent circulation path ▪▪ Pedestrian circulation routes with blended transitions or zero curbs adjacent to parking spaces have a 36" deep strip of detectable warnings per CBC

▪▪ Accessible parking is calculated by each parking facility, whether a lot or a parking structure, as opposed to the total parking on the site ▪▪ Accessible parking can be located in different parking facilities if equivalent or greater access is provided, but calculations are still determined by each facility   Note  An open on-grade parking lot is not considered equivalent to a parking structure unless it has equivalent security, lighting, and protection from the weather

▪▪ Van accessible parking can be grouped on one level in a multi-story parking facility, but standard accessible stalls are still required to be dispersed if the parking facility has entrances on different levels leading directly to adjacent buildings ▪▪ Accessible spaces and access aisles cannot have built-up curb ramps, curbs, or swales located within the space unless the slope in all directions is 1:48 maximum ▪▪ Curb ramps leading to access aisles are required to have detectable warnings per CBC ▪▪ Dimensions are taken to the centerline of striping where marked, except when the space or aisle is not adjacent to another parking space or access aisle, the full width of the striping can be included in the dimension

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 47

▪▪ Provide vertical clearance of 98" minimum for all [van] accessible spaces, including the parking stall, access aisle, and full vehicular route serving them, whether on-grade or within a parking structure [per CBC]

▪▪ Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) are not considered parking spaces, and should be considered separately from the parking count, in terms of the number of accessible charging stations provided  

valet and passenger loading areas have 114" min clr ht

98" min clear for all accessible and van accessible vehicles

80" min clr for pedestrians

98" min clr for vans only

Vertical Clearance for Accessible Vehicle Spaces

Provide the clear height for the full vehicular route from the vehicular entry to the exit, to and including the parking space and access aisle, or the pull-up space with its drop-off and loading area ▪▪ Designated recreational vehicle parking spaces, including spaces for motor homes, and camping or boating trailers, require accessible parking spaces provided with the access aisle the full length of the RV parking space – scoping should be calculated separately for RV spaces from regular car spaces 48 Site Elements 

NOTE Although there are no specific requirements for recreational vehicle parking or EVCS, a proportion of spaces should be accessible and located on an accessible route – using the parking charts would be a reasonable equivalent in the absence of specific scoping requirements, although California does now have EVCS requirements

▪▪ Parking spaces used exclusively for buses, trucks, other delivery vehicles, [law enforcement vehicles,] or vehicle impound, do not require accessible parking, but if accessed by the public, then an accessible passenger loading zone is provided [per CBC] ▪▪ Parking facilities with valet parking are also required to have the compliant number of accessible spaces per CBC

Parking Spaces Required per Facility or Lot ▪▪ For every 6 accessible stalls or fraction of, 1 is van accessible, with a minimum of 1 Total # of Stalls Per Facility

Minimum Required Accessible Stalls

1–25

1

26–50

2

51–75

3

76–100

4

101–150

5

151 –200

6

201–300

7

301–400

8

401 –500

9

501–1,000

2% of total

1001 and over

20 + 1 per 100 or fraction of 100 over 1000

▪▪ Rehabilitation facilities specializing in treating mobility impairments and outpatient physical therapy facilities have 20% of the total patient and visitor parking accessible   Note  Outpatient physical therapy facilities that are located in a hospital, even with no overnight stay, require the higher percentage of accessible parking spaces

▪▪ If multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity has a parking space provided for each dwelling unit, then each required mobility unit has an accessible parking space; additional residential parking has 2% accessible; parking for guests, employees, and other non-residents is calculated per preceding chart; [if there is less than one parking stall for each dwelling unit then the preceding chart is also used for calculations on the minimum number of accessible spaces to be provided per CBC] ▪▪ In public multi-family residential facilities, private individual, or multiple individual garages, supporting mobility feature units are to be accessible – if an attached garage, then provide either a door directly connecting the unit to the garage; or an accessible route from the unit to an exterior door at the garage; or an accessible route from the unit main entry door to the vehicular garage entrance per CBC

▪▪ Outpatient facilities located in a hospital with no overnight stay, have 10% of the total patient and visitor parking accessible [which includes free-standing buildings providing outpatient clinical services of a hospital per CBC]

Accessible Parking – In General

49

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  206.4.2 Accessible Routes – Entrances – Parking Structure Entrances 208.1 excep Parking Spaces – General 208.2 Minimum Number 208.2.1 Hospital Outpatient Facilities 208.2.2 Rehabilitation Facilities and Outpatient Physical Therapy Facilities

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-206.4.2 Accessible Routes – Entrances – Parking Structure Entrances 11B-208.1 excep Parking Spaces – General 11B-208.2 Minimum Number 11B-208.2.1 Hospital Outpatient Facilities

208.2.3 Residential Facilities

11B-208.2.2 Rehabilitation Facilities and Outpatient Physical Therapy Facilities

208.2.4 Van Parking Spaces

11B-208.2.3 Residential Facilities

208.3.1 Location – General 208.3.2 Residential Facilities

11B-208.2.4 Van Parking Spaces 11B-208.3.1 Location – General

406.5 Curb Ramps – Location

11B-208.3.2 Residential Facilities

502.1 Parking Spaces – General

11B-208.3.3 Private Garages Accessory to Residential Dwelling Units

502.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces 502.5 Vertical Clearance 502.7 Relationship to Accessible Routes Advisory 208.2.1 Hospital Outpatient Facilities Advisory 502.3 Access Aisle

U.S. Access Board Technical Guide Sources: Parking Spaces – Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Parking Spaces – Common Questions

11B-209.4 Passenger Drop-Off and Loading Zones and Bus Stops – Valet Parking 11B-406.5.1 Curb Ramps, Blended Transitions and Islands – Common Requirements – Location 11B-406.5.12 Detectable Warnings 11B-502.1 Parking Spaces – General 11B-502.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-502.5 Vertical Clearance 11B-502.7 Relationship to Accessible Routes 11B-502.7.1 Arrangement

CA Department of Transportation (DOT) Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) CA DOT RSP A90A Accessible Parking Off-Street CA DOT RSP A90B Accessible Parking On-Street

50 Site Elements 

Accessible Parking Signage Signage  ▪▪ If a site has a total of 4 or fewer parking spaces, the accessible space [does not need to be demarcated by signage] [still needs to be identified and reserved by signage per CBC] ▪▪ Within parking facilities, [only means of egress and parking signs ][all signs] are required to be accessible [per CBC] ▪▪ Parking assigned to specific dwelling units in multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity does not require accessible resident parking to be identified with signage

▪▪ Each accessible parking space is identified by a reflectorized sign 70 square inches in area minimum, with an ISA in white contrasting on a blue background (approximating color No 15090 in federal standard 595C) per CBC ▪▪ Provide an additional sign stating Minimum Fine $250 below the ISA as part of the sign or as a separate sign per CBC ▪▪ A CA Tow-Away sign is located at each vehicular entry or visible and adjacent to each accessible space per CBC

▪▪ Signs identifying accessible parking spaces include the International Symbol of Access (ISA) [and are visible from each parking space, either post or wall-mounted, immediately adjacent to or California Parking Signs directly in front of the space per CBC] ▪▪ A sign identifying van accessible spaces, in addition to the ISA, has the words Van Accessible [as part of the ISA sign or as a separate sign, and both are to be reflectorized per CBC] ▪▪ All accessible parking signs along with the ISA are non-glare and mounted 60" minimum above the grade where located to the bottom of the edge of the sign itself, [and 80" minimum above grade to the bottom when the sign is located over a circulation route per CBC] ▪▪ Post-mounted signage below 80" above grade can overhang the post 12" maximum [and requires ⅛" minimum radiused corners per CBC]

60" min

Parking Sign

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Accessible Parking Signage

51

▪ Signs have a white border, are 84" minimum above grade to the bottom, and have other specific requirements under CA DOT jurisdiction only ▪ The words Parking Only are required to be placed below the ISA on wall and post-mounted signs for projects under CA DOT jurisdiction only

California Dot Parking Signs

CA Tow-Away Signs:  ▪ Install a CA Tow Away Sign that is either visible from each accessible stall OR located at each vehicular entry to off-street parking ▪ The sign is to be 17" × 22" minimum with ⅛" minimum radiuses if mounted less than 80" above grade per CBC or 24" × 24" per CA DOT ▪ Letters are to be 1" minimum high ▪ Address and phone number are to be filled in with designated information as a permanent part of the sign ▪ The sign is to state the following in 1" high letters and fill in both towing address and phone number: Unauthorized vehicles parked in designated accessible spaces not displaying distinguishing placards or special license plates issued for persons with disabilities will be towed away at the owner’s expense. Towed vehicles may be reclaimed at: (fill in address) or by telephoning (fill in phone number)

52 SitE ElEmEntS 

California tow-Away Sign

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 216.1 excep 2 Signs – General 216.5 Signs – Parking 307.3 Protruding Objects – Post-Mounted Objects 502.6 Parking Spaces – Identification 703.7.2.1 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Symbols – International Symbol of Accessibility

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-216.1 excep 2 Signs – General (Reserved) 11B-216.5 Parking 11B-216.5.1 Parking Spaces 11B-216.5.2 Parking Facilities 11B-307.3 Protruding Objects – Post-Mounted Objects 11B-307.3.1 Edges and Corners

Advisory 502.6 Identification

11B-502.6 Parking Spaces – Identification   11B-502.6.1 Finish and Size   11B-502.6.2 Minimum Fine   11B-502.8 Additional Signs 11B-703.7.2.1 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Symbols – International Symbol of Accessibility Advisory 11B-502.6 Identification

CA DOT Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) RSP A90A Accessible Parking Off-Street RSP A90B Accessible Parking On-Street

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

53

Accessible Parking Spaces Accessible Parking Spaces in General An accessible route connects the accessible parking spaces and accessible passenger loading zones to the public right-of-way, and public transportation stops with the accessible building entrance, and to accessible elements and spaces on the site. If spaces and elements are connected by a circulation path, then, for the most part, they are also required to be connected by an accessible route. ▪▪ The space and access aisles are measured to the centerline of the striping unless they are not located adjacent to another parking space or access aisle, in which case the full stripe can be included in the width ▪▪ The slope is 1:48 (2.083%) maximum in all directions, and both the aisle and the space are located on the same level with no height changes in between If a parking space is being altered to create a level surface, extend the asphaltic topping a distance beyond the stall. You do not want to have a steep slope just outside of the required space and access aisle area—feather the slope so that it is more gradual. Sometimes people need to walk behind their own vehicle or have access located at the rear of the van. Even though the slope is not regulated beyond the required stall length, a steeper slope immediately adjacent is not recommended and could be dangerous. ▪▪ Provide bollards in front of the space, or wheel stops within the space, if the vehicle overhang encroaches on the minimum required circulation route for all parking spaces, not just the accessible

Accessible Space  ▪▪ The space without the access aisle is a minimum width of [8' (96")] [9' (108") per CBC] Note  The length of the space and access aisle is controlled by the local jurisdiction

▪▪ The space length is 18' minimum per CBC ▪▪ The space is marked with an ISA painted white on a blue background, a minimum of 36" × 36" per CBC ▪▪ The ISA is centered within 6" of the space width, and aligned with the end of the space per CBC

▪▪ If the space is outlined in blue or totally painted in blue, the ISA is either just white or in a contrasting color, and 36" × 36" minimum per CBC  Note  Although “contrasting color” has not been specifically defined, a 70% difference of light reflectance value of light to dark contrast is an industry standard

Van Accessible Space  ▪▪ Van accessible spaces have a minimum width of [11' (132") with a 5' (60") minimum access aisle OR an alternate of a minimum width of 8' (96") if the access aisle is increased to 8' (96") minimum] [12' (144") with a 5' (60") minimum access aisle OR an alternate of a minimum width of 9' (108") if the access aisle is increased to 8' (96") minimum per CBC] ▪▪ The van access aisle is always located on the passenger side for angled parking and [preferably] on the passenger side for perpendicular parking [per CBC] ▪▪ Van accessible spaces can be grouped on one level within a multi-storied parking structure

Access Aisle The areas in accessible parking spaces and their respective access aisles are sized to accommodate lifts, wheelchairs, and walkers in order to allow people to easily get in and out of their vehicles. This equipment can take up a large amount of space and if the area is blocked even a small amount, it might make the difference between someone being able or not able to get out of his or her vehicle. The intent is for both the aisle and the parking space to be entirely free of objects. This means no columns, no signs, no parking meters, and no movable objects. Nothing but open space. ▪▪ For standard accessible spaces, the access aisle is a minimum width of 5' (60") ▪▪ For van accessible spaces, the access aisle is a minimum width of 5' (60") if the parking space is increased in width, OR if it remains the same width as a standard accessible space, the minimum width of the aisle increases to 8' (96")

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 54 Site Elements 

▪▪ Aisles are to be the full length of the space they serve, both on the same level, and with their long edge fully contiguous with each other  NOTE In angled parking, the space and aisle cannot slip down from each other; one long edge between them must be fully contiguous, creating a single rectangle. Generally, this will take up more area since the corner of each space or aisle is not aligned with the curb.

▪▪ Access aisles are required to adjoin an accessible route that [preferably] does not pass behind other parked vehicles [per CBC] ▪▪ Access aisle can be located on either side of an accessible space and can be common to 2 spaces with the exception of [angled] van parking, which is required to be on the passenger side [per CBC]

Single Parking Space bollards if provided are outside of the parking space wheelstop if provided

36" min 48" min per CBC

foot of curb cut ramp or blended transition

36

Access Aisle

" ax

m

Accessible space

alternate location for foot of curb cut ramp or blended transition

er nt

ce BC

18' min per CBC

rC

pe

length per local jurisdiction

on

striping 36" max on center with color constrasting to paving surface preferably white on black asphalt or blue on concrete per CBC EQ ±6"

CL EQ ±6" per CBC blue border on all 4 sides of access aisle per CBC

NO PARKING 96" min for cars

CL

132" min for van * 108" min for cars per CBC 144" min for van per CBC **

60" min

CL

CL

12" min height white letters per CBC

white ISA on blue background 36" x 36" min aligned with outer edge of space per CBC

* Van space can be 96" minimum in width if the access aisle increases to 96" minimum ** Van space can be 108" minimum in width if the access aisle increases to 96" minimum per CBC • Access aisle can be located on either side of the accessible parking space • For van accessible parking the access aisle is preferably on passenger side only per CBC Accessible Parking Spaces

55

Double Parking Space foot of curb cut ramp or blended transition bollards if provided are outside of the parking stall

blue border on all 4 sides of access aisle per CBC

36" min

wheelstop if provided

48" min per CBC

36

Van Accessible or Accessible space

striping color constrasts to paving surface preferably white on black asphalt or blue on concrete per CBC

"

Access Aisle

ax m

Accessible space

on er nt

18' min per CBC

BC rC

pe

length per local jurisdiction

ce

12" min height white letters per CBC

EQ ±6" per CBC

CL EQ ±6" per CBC

EQ ±6"

CL EQ ±6" per CBC white ISA on blue background 36" x 36" min aligned with outer edge of stall per CBC

NO PARKING 132" min for van *

CL

96" min for cars 144" min for van per CBC ** 108" min for cars per CBC

60" min

CL

96" min for cars

CL 108" min for cars per CBC

CL

* Van space can be 96" minimum in width if the access aisle increases to 96" minimum ** Van space can be 108" minimum in width if the access aisle increases to 96" minimum per CBC • Access aisle can be located on either side of the accessible parking space • For van accessible parking the access aisle is preferably on passenger side only per CBC

▪▪ Paint markings to prevent parking in the access aisle ▪▪ Outline the access aisle with a blue border on all 4 sides and place diagonal stripes a maximum of 36" on center with a color contrasting to the aisle surface, preferably blue or white per CBC CBC Note Typically, a blue color for the diagonal striping contrasts with concrete while white contrasts with asphalt

56 Site Elements 

▪▪ Paint the words No Parking in a minimum of 12" high white letters within the aisle near the end along the drive aisle per CBC

Angled Parking Spaces possible locations for foot of curb ramp or blended transition

bollards if provided are outside of the parking space

wheelstop if provided

curb edge

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* Van space can be 96" minimum in width if the access aisle increases to 96" minimum ** Van space can be 108" minimum in width if the access aisle increases to 96" minimum per CBC Angled van parking spaces have the access aisle always on the passenger side

Accessible Parking Spaces

57

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  208.3.1 excep 1 Parking Spaces – Location 502.1 Parking Spaces – General 502.2 Vehicle Spaces 502.3 Access Aisle 502.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-208.3.1 excep 1 Parking Spaces – Location – General 11B-502.1 Parking Spaces – General 11B-502.2 Vehicle Spaces 11B-502.3 Access Aisle 11B-502.3.3 Marking 11B-502.6.4 Identification – Marking Advisory 11B-502.3.3 Marking

58 Site Elements 

Valet & Passenger Drop-Off & Loading Areas General Notes  ▪▪ If vehicle (not bus) passenger loading zones are provided, provide a minimum of one accessible loading zone for every 100 LF or fraction thereof of designated loading zone ▪▪ Valet parking is to provide 1 minimum accessible passenger loading zone ▪▪ Valet parking also has accessible parking spaces provided so people can self-park if there is a parking facility [on the same site] [per CBC] ▪▪ Mechanical access parking garages have one minimum accessible passenger loading area at vehicle drop-off and at vehicle pick-up areas ▪▪ Pull up space is 20' minimum wide × 96" minimum deep ▪▪ Pull up space and its access aisle slope in all directions a maximum of 1:48 (2.083%) and both are located on the same level ▪▪ Provide vertical clearance of 114" minimum for all passenger loading areas, the accessible pull-up spaces, loading area access aisles, and the full vehicular route serving them

someone to safely maneuver into and out of the car. If it is not blocked, another car may come up and pass on the passenger side. Providing a safe and protected drop-off loading area that separates vehicles from pedestrians is an important consideration. ▪▪ Loading area must adjoin an accessible route ▪▪ Loading area has a minimum depth of 60" and the full length of the pull-up space, which is 20 LF minimum ▪▪ Loading area access aisle is to be on the same level as and contiguous to the pull-up space ▪▪ Paint markings to prevent parking in the loading area ▪▪ Licensed medical care and long-term care facilities (where the stay may be over 24 hours) require 1 minimum passenger loading zone at the accessible entry [with weather protection over the loading area and an accessible route to and including the entrance of either a roof overhang or canopy per CBC] ▪▪ Loading area access aisle has a painted border around the perimeter with hatched lines 36" maximum on center in a color contrasting to the aisle surface per CBC

Drop-Off & Loading Area Access Aisle Many times the drop-off and loading access aisle is parallel and aligned with the face of the curb, rather than being inset to be outside of the active traffic lane. There is no requirement that the aisle should be inset, but even with striping there is no apparent difference between a drive lane and the loading aisle. This space should allow

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Valet & Passenger Drop-Off & Loading Areas

59

Drop-Off & Loading Area Alternatives vertical curb 36" deep strip of detectable warnings for the full length of the blended transition or curb ramp which can be limited to 48" minimum in width per CBC slopes or curb ramps start at the edge of the drop-off & loading access aisle

Drop-Off & Loading Access Aisle

60" min

Pull-Up Space

96" min

Accessible Route

20' min Drop-off & loading access aisle is located on the same level as the pull-up space

Access Along the Long Edge of the Aisle

60 Site Elements 

36" deep strip of detectable warnings for the full width of the blended transition or curb ramp which is 48" minimum in width per CBC

Drop-Off & Loading Access Aisle

60" min

up

Pull-Up Space

96" min

Accessible Route

Accessible Route

Vertical curb

20' min Drop-off & loading access aisle is on the same level as the pull-up space

Access Along the Short Edge of the Aisle

Valet & Passenger Drop-Off & Loading Areas

61

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 209.2.1 Passenger Loading Zones and Bus Stops – Type – Passenger Loading Zones 209.3 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 209.4 Valet Parking 209.5 Mechanical Access Parking Garages 503 Passenger Loading Zones 503.5 Vertical Clearance

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-206.4.10 Accessible Routes – Entrances – Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 11B-209.2.1 Passenger Drop-Off and Loading Zones and Bus Stops – Type – Passenger Drop-Off and Loading Zones 11B-209.3 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities

U.S. Access Board Technical Guide Sources:

11B-209.4 Valet Parking

Parking Spaces – Common Questions

11B-209.5 Mechanical Access Parking Garages 11B-503 Passenger Drop-Off and Loading Zones 11B-503.3 Access Aisle – Marking 11B-503.5 Vertical Clearance

62 Site Elements 

Transportation – Boarding & Alighting Areas General Notes  ▪▪ Specified Public Transportation is defined as tour and charter buses, taxis, limos, and hotel shuttles operated by private entities ▪▪ Designated Public Transportation is defined as buses, shuttles, and vans operated by public transit agencies ▪▪ Paratransit is transportation services required by ADA for individuals with disabilities who cannot use fixed route transportation systems—depending upon whether it is a fixed route or demand responsive transportation service, it might require boarding and alighting areas or passenger loading zones per DOT 49 CFR37 ▪▪ Both Specified and Designated Public Transportation have a boarding and alighting area for buses that is 60" wide (parallel to the curb) × 96" minimum deep (perpendicular to curb or roadway); the slope parallel to the roadway is at the same slope as the roadway surface (to the maximum extent practical), and perpendicular to the roadway the cross slope is a maximum of 1:48 (2.083%)

▪▪ Boarding and alighting areas are connected to streets, sidewalks, bus shelters (if exist), or pedestrian paths by an accessible route, and have a firm and stable surface ▪▪ New bus stops have a 90° vertical curb to a maximum slope of 35° from the vertical, between the boarding and alighting area and the road; otherwise a 36" strip of yellow detectable warnings is provided at blended transitions or zero curbs for the full width of the boarding and alighting area per CBC ▪▪ Bus boarding and alighting areas located at a shelter can be located within or outside of the shelter ▪▪ Bus shelters have a minimum of one 30" × 48" level clear space, or larger if partially enclosed on three sides, for a wheelchair located totally within the shelter and connected by an accessible route to the boarding and alighting area

Bus Boarding & Alighting Area

96" min

60" min

cross slope of the boarding & alighting area is parallel to the roadway and matching the roadway slope as much as feasible slope perpendicular to the roadway is 2.083% maximun face of vertical curb or vehicle roadway edge

Designed for lift or ramp access from a bus or a van

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Transportation – Boarding & Alighting Areas

63

Transportation Information & Signage  ▪▪ Bus route identification signs are visual signs complying with all visual signage requirements, except height above grade and line spacing, and should comply as much as possible with character height requirements ▪▪ Schedules, timetables, and maps posted at a bus stop or bay are not required to comply with sign requirements ▪▪ If public address systems provide audible information to the public, the same information is provided in visual format ▪▪ When clocks are provided, the face is uncluttered, and the hands and numerals contrast with their background either light-on-dark or dark-on-light Note  Avoid glare on the clock face when finding a location for mounting; otherwise, it will be difficult to read

▪▪ Overhead clocks have the numerals sized according to height AFF to viewing distance similar to visual characters in signage

Variable Message Signs  ▪▪ Currently, the 2010 ADA Standards do not show any technical requirements for variable message signs, but as in everything else in access, ADA is a civil rights law and if this sign type is provided, it should also be accessible

64 Site Elements 

▪▪ If variable message signs are provided in transportation facilities and showing transportation-related information, they comply with the requirements per CBC ▪▪ If variable message signs are provided in buildings designed as emergency shelters and showing emergency-related information they comply with the requirements per CBC ▪▪ If variable message signs have high resolution, then they comply with visual sign requirements, and have a non-glare protective coating if used, adjust automatically in exterior locations to ambient light levels, and if the information is displayed on a single screen it is motionless for 3 seconds, or 1 second for every 7 characters and spaces, whichever is longer per CBC ▪▪ If variable message signs have low resolution, the characters are uppercase, sans serif, with no italics or highly decorative fonts, with character height based on viewing distance to height AFF with 2" minimum per Table 11B-703.8.4, along with other requirements per CBC

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  209.2.2 Passenger Loading Zones and Bus Stops – Type – Bus Loading Zones 703.5 Signs – Visual Characters 810.2 Transportation Facilities – Bus Boarding and Alighting Areas 810.3 Bus Shelters 810.4 Bus Signs 810.7 Public Address Systems 810.8 Clocks Advisory 209.2.2 Bus Loading Zones Advisory 810.2 Bus Boarding and Alighting Areas

DOT Sources:  49 CFR 37 Transportation Services for Individuals With Disabilities 49 CFR 37 Subpart F Paratransit as a Complement to Fixed Route Service

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-209.2.2 Passenger Drop-Off and Loading Zones and Bus Stops – Type – Bus Loading Zones 11B-216.13 Signs – Variable Message Signs 11B-247.1.2.4 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture – Detectable Warnings – Where Required – Bus Stops 11B-703.5 Signs – Visual Characters 11B-703.8 Variable Message Signs 11B-705.1.1 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture – Detectable Warnings – General 11B-705.1.2.4 Locations – Bus Stops 11B-705.2 Detectable Warnings – Detectable Directional Texture 11B-810.2 Transportation Facilities – Bus Boarding and Alighting Areas 11B-810.3 Bus Shelters 11B-810.4 Bus Signs 11B-810.7 Public Address Systems 11B-810.8 Clocks

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

65

Curb Ramps General Notes  ▪▪ Built-up and curb cut ramps are not located within a vehicular route, a parking space, or an access aisle, and can be perpendicular or parallel to the roadway ▪▪ A curb ramp has a minimum clear width of [36"] [48" per CBC] ▪▪ Ramps for residential use with an occupancy load of 50 maximum have a required width of 36" minimum per CBC ▪▪ Ramp running slope is a maximum of 1:12 (8.33%) in the direction of travel with a maximum cross slope of 1:48 (2.083%)   Note  Slopes of 1:20 (5%) or less are considered sloped walkways or blended transitions, not curb ramps

▪▪ Ramp surface is stable, firm, and slip resistant, and any openings are ½" maximum perpendicular to the path of travel, with no changes in level other than the curb ramp slope ▪▪ Side flares have a maximum slope of 1:10 and are not considered part of the accessible route   Note  Built-up curb ramps have side protection or flares

▪▪ Top landings are designed to prevent accumulation of water [with a 1:48 maximum slope in all directions, excluding parallel curb ramps per CBC] ▪▪ Top landing depth is a minimum of [36"][48"], and the landing width is a minimum of the curb ramp width of [36"] [48" per CBC] ▪▪ In alterations with limited space, the top landing can [be eliminated if the side flare slope is decreased to 1:12 maximum] [not be eliminated per CBC] ▪▪ In existing sites where space is limited, a 3" maximum rise can have a maximum slope of 1:8 (12.5%); and a 6" maximum rise can have a maximum slope of 1:10 (10%) [for historical facilities only, and if the run is 60" maximum with signs posted at the top and bottom indicating a steep slope per CHBC] 

CHBC NOTE The California Historical Building Code (CHBC) allows a small ramp at a 1:6 (16.7%) slope extending 13" for the run, which is not allowed per the ADA Standards. It is not stated whether or not the CHBC will allow the 1:8 (12.5%) slope to extend for a 24" run—this is a grey area and left for interpretation.

▪▪ Adjoining gutters and surfaces immediately adjacent to bottom of a curb cut ramp have a smooth transition with a 1:20 maximum slope in the direction of travel [extending 24" minimum beyond the face of the curb per CBC]   NOTE A suggested relationship of the curb ramp slope to an adjoining gutter slope is a sum of both slopes of 12% maximum for the slope and counter slope to prevent the wheelchair from getting stuck

▪▪ Perpendicular curb cut ramps at marked crossings have the bottom transition contained totally within the markings, not including the flares ▪▪ Double curb ramps with a shared bottom landing or parallel curb ramps require a 48" × 48" level turning area with a 1:48 maximum slope at the bottom per CBC—this increases to a 60" wide turning area measured along the curb edge where it adjoins the road with a 1.5% slope in all directions, and the curb ramp has a slope of 7.5% maximum with 1.5% maximum cross slope per CA DOT ▪▪ Grade breaks at top and bottom of curb ramps are perpendicular to the direction of the ramp run, with no grade breaks on the landing surface and flush transitions to the adjacent surfaces in the direction of travel per CBC

Curb Ramps & Detectable Warning Surfaces The ADA and ABA Standards no longer require detectable warnings on curb ramp surfaces, although if placed should meet the requirements for size, spacing, and contrast. The intent is that detectable warnings will be addressed when the Public Right-of-Way Guidelines becomes implemented.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 66 Site Elements 

▪▪ Detectable warnings are a minimum of [24"] [36"] in depth in the direction of travel [starting from the back face of the curb] [per CBC] ▪▪ For perpendicular or diagonal curb ramps, detectable warnings are 36" deep and the full width, less 2" maximum on each side, and starting 6" minimum to 8" maximum from the street face of the curb per CBC

▪▪ Double or parallel curb ramps require detectable warnings the full bottom landing width adjoining traffic, less 2" maximum on each side, and 36" minimum deep per CBC ▪▪ Detectable warnings for parallel curb ramps are located instead on the turning space at the flush transition from the street and not on the ramp surface per CBC

▪▪ Detectable warnings are not located on the side flares

Straight Curb Cut Ramp with Flares full width of ramp top landings are designed so there is no water accumulation with a 2.083% max slope in all directions per CBC

36" min

48" min per CBC

Sidewalk

ramp run has 8.33% maximum running slope with 2.083% maximum cross slope

1:

Street

up m ax

per CBC

24" min

10

detectable warning surface for the full width of the curb ramp less 2" max on each side per CBC 36" min per CBC

up

2" max space on each side per CBC

face of curb

36" min

detectable warnings start 6" to 8" from the street face of the curb per CBC

48" min per CBC 5% max slope at bottom of curb ramp*

* ADA does not stipulate the distance from the base of the curb ramp for the 5% CBC states the 5% slope is a minimum of 24" from the bottom of the curb ramp or blended transition

Curb Ramps

67

48" min per CBC

Sidewalk

36" min

Straight Curb Cut Ramp without Flares full width of ramp

ramp run has 8.33% maximum running slope with 2.083% maximum cross slope

up

2" max space on each side per CBC 36" min per CBC

top landings are designed so there is no water accumulation with a 2.083% max slope in all directions per CBC

detectable warning surface for the full width of the curb ramp less 2" max on each side per CBC

Street

per CBC

24" min

planter or other non-walkable surface to prevent foot traffic from walking across the ramp face of curb

36" min

detectable warnings start 6" to 8" from the street face of the curb per CBC

48" min per CBC 5% max slope at bottom of curb ramp * * ADA does not stipulate the distance from the base of the curb ramp for the 5% CBC states the 5% slope is a minimum of 24" from the bottom of the curb ramp or blended transition

68 SitE ElEmEntS 

Built-Up Curb Ramp

2" max space on each side per CBC

ax

m

Parking Area

face of curb

detectable warning surface for the full width of the curb ramp less 2" max on each side per CBC

per CBC

36" per CBC

10 1:

top landings are designed so there is no water accumulation with a 2.083% max slope in all directions per CBC ramp run has 8.33% maximum running slope with 2.083% maximum cross slope

up

up

24" min

full width of ramp

48" min per CBC

36" min

Sidewalk

36" min

5% max slope at bottom of curb ramp*

48" min per CBC

* ADA does not stipulate the distance from the base of the curb ramp for the 5% CBC states the 5% slope is a minimum of 24" from the bottom of the curb ramp or blended transition • The built-up curb ramp & its flares can not be located within an accessible stall, its access aisle, or in vehicular drive lanes • Non-accessible parking can not overlap the ramp but there is no prohibition from overlapping the flares

Curb Ramps

69

Parallel or Double Curb Ramp with Common Bottom Landing walkway or sidewalk - running slope follows the slope of the street if exists otherwise 5% max provide a barrier to prevent foot traffic from walking across the ramp ramp run has 8.33% max running slope with 2.083% maximum cross slope

Up

Up

per CBC

Street

24" min

Sidewalk

face of curb

36" min, 60" preferable 48" min per CBC 60" min per CA DOT

slope bottom area at curb ramps to drain with 2.083% max slope in all directions and 36" deep strip of detectable warning per CBC 5% max slope at bottom of curb ramp*

* ADA does not stipulate the distance from the base of the curb ramp for the 5% CBC states the 5% slope is a minimum of 24" from the bottom of the curb ramp or blended transition

70 Site Elements 

48" min per CBC

36" min

2" max space on each side per CBC

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  302 Floor or Ground Surface 403.3 Walking Surfaces – Slope 405.2 Ramps – Slope 405.3 Cross Slope 405.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces 405.5 Clear Width 405.10 Wet Conditions 406 Curb Ramps 406.2 Counter Slope 406.3 Sides of Curb Ramps 406.4 Landings 406.5 Location

ABA Sources:  705 Detectable Warnings

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-405.4 Ramps – Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-405.10 Wet Conditions 11B-406 Curb Ramps, Blended Transitions and Islands 11B-406.1 General 11B-406.2 Perpendicular Curb Ramps 11B-406.3 Parallel Curb Ramps 11B-406.5 Common Requirements 11B-406.5.1 Location 11B-406.5.2 Width 11B-406.5.3 Landings 11B-406.5.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-406.5.5 Wet Conditions 11B-406.5.6 Grade Breaks 11B-406.5.7 Cross Slope 11B-406.5.8 Counter Slope 11B-406.5.12 Detectable Warnings 11B-705.1.2.2 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture – Detectable Warnings – Locations – Curb Ramps

California Historical Building Code Part 8 Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 603.6 Alternatives – Exterior and Interior Ramps and Lifts

CA DOT Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) RSP A88A Curb Ramp Details – Case C

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

71

Corner Curb Cut Ramps Perpendicular Curb Ramps 

Diagonal Corner Curb Cut Ramps 

▪▪ If there are marked crosswalks, the bottoms of curb cut ramps are fully contained within the markings, not including the flares ▪▪ Clear space at the bottom area beyond the ramp has a 1:20 (5%) maximum slope [within 24" minimum of the bottom edge per CBC] ▪▪ Perpendicular curb ramps located at corners comply with the other requirements of curb ramps, including slopes, ground surfaces, and clear width of pedestrian ramps

▪▪ Bottom areas of diagonal or angled curb cut ramps have an additional 48" minimum in length outside active traffic lanes, and if a marked crosswalk exists there is 48" minimum fully contained within the markings ▪▪ Diagonal curb cut ramps with flared sides have an additional 24" of vertical curb from the top of the flares within the marked crosswalks, if flares exist

Double Perpendicular Corner Curb Ramp

up

crosswalk

full width of ramp

up

up

Sidewalk

crosswalk

Street bottom of curb ramp fully contained within crosswalk 5% maximum slope in the direction of travel and extending 24" min per CBC

Having 2 separate perpendicular curb ramps is a preferred & safer solution than diagonal curb ramps • The crosswalk is placed further away from the intersection • People who are blind or partially sighted orient themselves on the face of the curb before crossing • With diagonal ramps they may end up in the center of the intersection | Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 72 Site Elements 

24

"m

in

Vehicular lane

Diagonal Corner Curb Ramp with Flares

up

48" min clear outside of active traffic lanes and within marked crosswalk if exists

Sidewalk up

crosswalk

Vehicular lane

area outside of active vehicular lanes crosswalk

24" min of vertical curb within crosswalk if exists

The curb radius has to be large enough so that the 48" at the bottom of the ramp is actually outside active vehicle lanes

Diagonal Corner Curb Ramp with Defined Edges

planter or other non-walkable surface

returned edges parallel to the direction of travel

Sidewalk up

48" min clear outside of active traffic lanes and within marked crosswalk if exists crosswalk

crosswalk

Street

Street area outside of active vehicular lanes

The curb radius has to be large enough so that the 48" at the bottom of the ramp is actually outside active vehicle lanes Corner Curb Cut Ramps

73

▪▪ Edges of diagonal or corner curb ramps are parallel to the direction of travel if they have returned curbs or other well-defined edges ▪▪ Clear space at the bottom area beyond the ramp has a maximum slope of 1:20 (5%) [within 24" minimum of the bottom edge per CBC] ▪▪ Diagonal corner curb ramps comply with the other requirements of curb ramps

NOTE Diagonal corner curb cut ramps have become more and more popular since the installation cost is half—placing one curb ramp rather than two. There are several issues, though, with diagonal ramps. For people who are blind or partially sighted, getting lost in the middle of the intersection can be problematic, since there is no straight edge they can use for grounding before crossing the roadway, and audible signals cannot easily be differentiated for the route direction. The other issue is that the foot of the curb ramp is now located in two active traffic lanes, unless the curb radius is very large and pulled back from the vehicular traffic flow. Someone using a mobility device would now be in an area where traffic can come from two directions rather than just one. The requirement of having 48" minimum outside active traffic lanes, if crosswalks are marked, does help. What I have seen, however, is just a painted stripe parallel to the bottom of the ramp and 48" out connecting to the two crosswalks–basically a cropped right angle. My experience leads me to believe that having a painted stripe on the ground is not adequate to separate vehicles in an active traffic lane from pedestrians. It is preferable to have two perpendicular curb ramps at corners rather than one diagonal. It also lends itself to being safer for all who cross in this area, since the crossing area is further away from the intersection. And if you cannot see well, you can ground yourself before crossing to go directly across the street.

74 Site Elements 

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  406.1 Curb Ramps – General 406.2 Counter Slope 406.4 Landings 406.5 Location 406.6 Diagonal Curb Ramps

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-406.1 Curb Ramps, Blended Transitions and Islands – General 11B-406.2 Perpendicular Curb Ramps 11B-406.5 Common Requirements 11B-406.5.1 excep Common Requirements – Location 11B-406.5.9 Clear Space at Diagonal Curb Ramps 11B-406.5.8 Counter Slope 11B-406.5.10 Diagonal Curb Ramps

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

75

Island Conditions & Blended Transitions Island Conditions  ▪▪ Raised islands at crossings have either cut-thru walkways or curb cut ramps ▪▪ Cut-thru islands are treated as accessible routes with a minimum width of [36"] [60" per CBC] ▪▪ The Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) will be regulating detectable warning locations at cut-thru islands – the proposed Guidelines do not require detectable warnings if the cut-thru is less than 6' deep in the direction of travel

▪▪ Cut-thru island walkways or cut-thru medians have detectable warning surfaces extending a minimum depth of 36" from the edge of the island for the full width, less 2" maximum on each side, with a 24" minimum strip in between both warning surfaces without any detectable warnings; if the overall depth of the island is less than 96", then detectable warning depth is reduced to 24" minimum per CBC ▪▪ Islands that are ramped up have a 48" minimum deep level area at the top, which can be combined for the two curb ramps with a minimum width of [36"] [60" per CBC] ▪▪ Curb cut ramps at island locations meet requirements for perpendicular curb ramps

Cut-Thru Island Conditions 36" min clr

Face of curb

60" min clr per CBC

less than 96" per CBC

24" min space without detectable warnings per CBC

24" min deep if the overall cut-thru length is less than 96" per CBC 2" max per CBC

detectable warnings start 6" to 8" from the outside face of the curb and are the full width of the cut-thru less 2" maximum on each side per CBC

Shallow Cut-Thru Islands

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 76 Site Elements 

36" min clr

Face of curb

36" per CBC

24" min without detectable warnings per CBC

96" or more per CBC

60" min clr per CBC

2" max per CBC

detectable warnings start 6" to 8" from the outside face of the curb and are the full width of the cut-thru less 2" maximum on each side per CBC

Deep Cut-Thru Islands

Ramp Up Island Conditions Face of curb

up

48" min

level top landing of 2.083% max slope in all directions and the same width min as the ramp leading to it

up

36" min clr 60" min clr per CBC

detectable warnings start 6" to 8" from the outside face of the curb and are the full width of the curb ramp less 2" maximum on each side per CBC

Ramp Up to Islands

Island Conditions & Blended Transitions

77

Blended Transitions & Zero Curbs 

▪▪ If a pedestrian accessible route crosses or adjoins a vehicular traffic way, a 36" deep strip of a detectable warning surface is required for the full width if crossing, and full length if adjoining per CBC 

▪▪ Blended transitions at zero curbs have a 1:20 (5%) maximum running slope with a minimum clear width of [36" ][48" per CBC] ▪▪ Blended transitions have a minimum depth of 48" for the top landing, for the full transition width with 48" minimum wide per CBC ▪▪ If the blended transition slope exceeds 1:48 (2.083%), a top landing is required for the full width of the transition, with a minimum depth of 48" and a 1:48 maximum slope per CBC

CBC Note Parking structures with elevator lobbies adjoining vehicular traffic oftentimes are not raised. This creates a blended transition or zero curb going directly into a drive aisle. If it is a 5% or less slope, detectable warning surfaces would be required. If there is a curb with a curb ramp, this would also require detectable warnings.

Blended Transition & Zero Curb Transitions level top landing for full length of blended transition if transition is greater than 2.083% slope per CBC

front edge of (zero) curb

Vehicular Side of Blended Transition

78 Site Elements 

36" per CBC

24" per proposed PROWAG

Sidewalk

48" per CBC

detectable warnings per CBC

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  406 Curb Ramps 406.7 Islands

Proposed PROWAG Sources:  R208.2 Detectable Warning Surfaces – Where Not Required R305.1.4 Detectable Warning Surfaces – Placement – Size R305.2.4 Pedestrian Refuge Island

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-247.1.2.3 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture – Detectable Warnings – Where Required – Islands or Cut-Through Medians 11B-406.1.3 Curb Ramps, Blended Transitions, and Islands – General – Blended Transitions   11B-406.1.4 Islands 11B-406.4 Blended Transitions 11B-406.5 Common Requirements 11B-406.5.3 Landings 11B-406.5.12 Detectable Warnings 11B-406.6 Islands 11B-705 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture 11B-705.1.1 Detectable Warnings – General 11B-705.1.2.3 Locations – Islands or Cut-Through Medians

CA DOT Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) CA DOT A88B - Curb Ramp and Island Passageway Details

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

79

Detectable Warning Surfaces General Notes  ▪▪ The 2010 ADA Standards currently are not showing locations for detectable warning surfaces with truncated domes, except at rail platforms and platform boarding edges with the intent that the Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) will be approved, which will address locations and requirements for areas within the public right-of-way

Detectable Warnings  ▪▪ Truncated dome pattern on the detectable warning strip is a square grid (in-line) ▪▪ If detectable warnings are used, they need to comply with the technical requirements, even if located at an area where they are not required  CBC Note The CBC states that only Division of the State ArchitectAccess Compliance (DSA-AC) approved detectable warning products can be installed—currently there are none that have gone through the process and have been approved

▪▪ Dome spacing: base of domes are 1.6" to 2.4" on center [for radial patterns only at curved curb ramps] and .65" minimum between closest domes [and typically 2.3" to 2.4" on center per CBC]

▪▪ If domes are in a radial pattern the diameter and center-to-center spacing may vary within the detectable warning sheet, but they need to be within the required range ▪▪ Dome size: [diameter at base is .9" to 1.4" with a top diameter of 50% to 65% of the base diameter and] has a height of .2" [and diameter at base is .9" to .92" tapering to .45" to .47" for top diameter per CBC] ▪▪ Detectable warning surfaces with truncated domes are to contrast visually with the adjacent walking surface, either light-on-dark or dark-on-light and are yellow (FS 33538 of Federal Standard 595C) at transit boarding platform edges, bus stops, hazardous vehicle areas, reflecting pools, and track crossings, with color as an integral part per CBC ▪▪ Detectable warning surfaces at areas other than previously listed either comply with the yellow color OR provide a visual contrast of 70% minimum with the adjacent walking surface using Light Reflectance Values (LRV); if the warning surface does not provide sufficient contrast, provide a 1" minimum wide border contrasting to both the detectable warning surface and the adjacent walking surface, either light-on-dark or dark-on-light per CBC ▪▪ Sound-on-cane or resiliency of the detectable warning surface is to differ from the adjoining surface except when located on curb ramps, islands, or cut-thru medians per CBC

Truncated Domes .9" to 1.4" .9" to .92" per CBC .45" to .91" .45" to .47" per CBC

.2"

top diameter of dome tapers 50% to 65% of base diameter

Dome Section | Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 80 Site Elements 

1.6" to 2.4" on center for radial patterns

.65"

on curved curb ramps only per CBC

.65"

2.3" to 2.4" on center per CBC

on curved curb ramps only per CBC

1.6" to 2.4" on center for radial patterns

2.3" to 2.4" on center per CBC

.9" to 1.4"

.45" to .91"

.9" to .92" per CBC

.45" to .47" per CBC

Truncated Dome Plan

Locations  ▪▪ Detectable warnings are required for the full width less 2" maximum on each side at perpendicular and diagonal curb cut ramps, excluding the flared sides, and are 36" deep per CBC ▪▪ Detectable warnings start 6" minimum to 8" maximum from the street edge of the curb per CBC ▪▪ Double ramps with a shared bottom landing or parallel curb ramps require detectable warnings for the full turning space width, less 2" maximum on each side, at the bottom area adjoining vehicular traffic, and are 36" minimum deep per CBC ▪▪ If the bottom break on both sides of the sloped surface of the curb ramp are less than 5' from the face of the curb, then the detectable warnings are located on the surface of the curb ramp; if one or both sides are greater than 5', then the detectable warnings are placed starting from the back of the curb per CA DOT ▪▪ Detectable warnings at hazardous vehicular areas are 36" in depth, measured perpendicular to the traffic per CBC ▪▪ Detectable warnings are typically not required at driveways but might be helpful in high-traffic areas per CA DOT

▪▪ Islands with cut-thru medians or curb ramps have a 36" depth of detectable warnings on both sides unless the overall depth of the island is less than 6', in which case it is reduced to a 24" depth per CBC ▪ Platform boarding edges have detectable warning surfaces extending the full length of the public use areas and are 24" deep ▪  R ail platforms without rail screens or guards have a strip of detectable warnings at a depth of 24" minimum for the full length of the public use area ▪▪ Track crossings have a 36" minimum deep strip of detectable warning surfaces for the full width of the circulation path per CBC ▪▪ When detectable warning surfaces are provided at bus stop boarding and alighting areas, they are 36" deep and extend the full width of the boarding and alighting area per CBC ▪▪ Edges of reflecting pools without curbs, walls, or railings have a 24" to 36" deep detectable warning surface per CBC

Detectable Warning Surfaces

81

Detectable Warning Locations 48" min per proposed PROWAG 48" min per CBC

Sidewalk

2" max space on each side per CBC

Street

Up

36" min per CBC

detectable warning surface for the full width of the curb ramp less 2" max on each side per CBC

60" or less

60" or less

24" min per proposed PROWAG

face of curb

If both sides of the grade break at the bottom of the curb ramp are 60" or less from the back of the curb, provide detectable warnings on the surface of the curb ramp per proposed PROWAG and CA DOT

Both Sides of Curb Ramp Grade Break are 5' or Less from Curb

82 Site Elements 

48" min per proposed PROWAG 48" min per CBC

Sidewalk

Street

Up

face of curb

24" min per proposed PROWAG

more than 60"

36" min per CBC

If one or both sides of the grade break at the bottom of the curb ramp is more than 60" from the back of the curb provide detectable warnings on the lower landing per proposed PROWAG and CA DOT

Curb Ramp Grade Break is More Than 5' from the Curb

Detectable Warning Surfaces

83

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  705 Detectable Warnings 705.1 General 705.2 Platform Edges 810.5.2 Transportation Facilities – Rail Platforms – Detectable Warnings

Proposed Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) Sources:  R305.1 Detectable Warning Surfaces R305.2.1 Detectable Warning Surfaces – Perpendicular Curb Ramps

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-247.1 Detectable Warning s and Detectable Directional Texture –Detectable Warnings 11B-247.1.2 Where Required 11B-406.5.12 Curb Ramps, Blended Transitions and Islands – Common Requirements – Detectable Warnings 11B-705.1 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture – Detectable Warnings 11B-705.1.1.2 General – Dome Spacing 11B-705.1.1.3 Color and Contrast 11B-705.1.1.4 excep Resiliency 11B-705.1.2 Locations 11B-705.3 Product Approval 11B-810.5.2 Transportation Facilities – Rail Platforms – Detectable Warnings

CA DOT Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) CA DOT RSP A88A Curb Ramp Details CA DOT RSP A88B Curb Ramp and Island Passageway Details CA DOT DIB 82-05 10/1/2013 DOT Design Information Bulletin - Pedestrian Accessibility Guidelines for Highway Projects 4.3.14 Detectable Warning Surfaces

84 Site Elements 

Accessible Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – Requirements Overview  ▪▪ Currently, the 2010 ADA Standards do not show any technical or scoping requirements for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS), but ADA is a civil rights law, so—as with everything else concerning access—if this feature is provided for the able-bodied population, then it should also provide for access for the disabled population ▪▪ All parked vehicles including EVCS should have wheel stops, bollards, curbs, or another barrier provided to prevent the vehicular overhang from intruding upon the minimum required clear width of the circulation path in front, if it exists ▪▪ An electric vehicle charging station is not considered a parking space and is not included in the parking counts—it is considered separately ▪▪ The US Access Board suggests making the EV charging station stall 10' to 13' wide, with a 36" minimum aisle on each long side leading to an accessible route at the head ▪▪ Only use the ISA where the EVCS is reserved exclusively for people with disabilities ▪▪ The Access Board suggests providing access to a “reasonable number” of EVCS or to using the scoping Table 208.2 for accessible parking stalls as an equivalent

New & Altered EVCS Requirements per CBC ▪▪ The EVCS is located on an accessible route that connects to an accessible entrance ▪▪ For new EVCS, the accessible route does not pass behind other charging or parking spaces other than the space in which the person has left his or her charging vehicle, and only to the maximum extent feasible for existing charging stations ▪▪ Existing EVCS will need to comply when altered ▪▪ EVCS can be located in different parking facilities if greater access is provided ▪▪ Electric vehicle charging stations are not considered parking spaces, but rather charging spaces with differing requirements and they are not included within the parking count since they have their own separate scoping requirements

▪▪ The number of accessible EVCS is based on the number provided per each facility, not the total site, and includes both existing and new EVCS for calculation purposes ▪▪ If the charger is multi-port, then the number of spaces it can serve at one time is considered the number of EVCS for calculation purposes ▪▪ Where EVCS are for common or public use, the numbers of accessible, van, and ambulatory charging stations are to comply with the following chart, which includes both the existing and new EVCS   Total EVCS Van per Facility Accessible

Standard Accessible

Ambulatory

1–4

1

0

0

5–25

1

1

0

26–50

1

1

1

51–75

1

2

2

76–100

1

3

3

101 and over

1 + 1 per 300 3 + 1 per 60 or fraction or fraction over 100 over 100

3 + 1 per 50 or fraction over 100

▪▪ There are no surface markings with an ISA on the accessible charging stations – an ISA is only required on a sign for the van accessible station when there are 5 or more EVCS, and if there are 26 or more EVCS, an ISA is required at all van and standard accessible EVCS ▪▪ Dedicated EVCS, such as assigned to an employee, and public or private fleet vehicles not available to the general public are not required to comply with the scoping numbers for charging stations ▪▪ In public multi-family residential facilities, if a EVCS is used by a tenant at his or her specific residence, the scoping numbers are not applicable ▪▪ Alterations consisting solely of installing new EVCS do not trigger the 20% proportional spending for path of travel requirements

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Accessible Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – Requirements

85

▪▪ If the facility’s primary function is for vehicle fueling, charging, parking, or storage, then the proportional spending on path of travel is limited to 20% for any alteration costs for installation of the EVCS

EVCS General Notes  ▪▪ Dimensions are measured to the centerline of the striping if marked ▪▪ If the charging station or its access aisle is not adjacent to another vehicle space, then the full line width can be included in the space measurement ▪▪ The station and access aisle are on the same level, with 2.083% maximum slope in all directions, and are stable, firm, and slip resistant with openings of ½" maximum, if exists ▪▪ Detectable warnings are not located within the vehicle station or access aisle per CBC ▪▪ The accessible charging space, its access aisle, and the full vehicular route serving the station have 98" minimum clear height per CBC

Electric Vehicle Chargers per CBC  ▪▪ Operable parts are operable with one hand, are within compliant reach ranges from a level clear floor space, and do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist ▪▪ Electric vehicle connectors are exempt from complying with the 5 lbs maximum operating force, which is not required ▪▪ The EV charger has a clear floor space in front connecting with an accessible route to the vehicle space it serves, with compliant slopes and clear widths ▪▪ Cables and other elements do not obstruct the accessible route when in use, and if overhead cables are used, they provide 98" minimum clear height over the EVCS ▪▪ Chargers are located in front of the space within the projected width of the space or within the combined projected width, if serving more than one space ▪▪ If a point-of-sale (POS) device is provided, screen characters are a sans serif font with a 3/₁₆" minimum height based on the upper case letter I, and they contrast with their background either lighton-dark or dark-on-light 86 Site Elements 

▪▪ Either a clear or correct key is provided, or each operable part is differentiated by a sound or touch without activation ▪▪ If the POS device has a video touch screen or other non-tactile keypad, provide a tactilely discernible numeric keypad with a raised dot on the number 5 key or other equivalent technology to assist someone who is visually impaired ▪▪ For alterations, where there is no accessible route or circulation path at the head of the space, the charger is to be located within 36" maximum of the projected width of the access aisle from the head end of the space ▪▪ Where the vehicle is parallel to the direction of traffic, the charger is located 48" maximum from the head or foot end of the space or aisle served in either direction

Charging Stations per CBC  ▪▪ EVCS spaces are 18′ long, with the exception of spaces parallel to the direction of traffic, which are 20′ long ▪▪ Van accessible EVCS are 12′ wide with an access aisle located on the passenger side only ▪▪ Standard accessible EVCS are 9′ wide with an access aisle located on either side ▪▪ The space has markings in 12" minimum height letters centered within 6" of the space centerline and aligned with the outside edge, stating EV Charging Only

EVCS Access Aisle per CBC  ▪▪ Access aisles are contiguous to the full length of the charging space at a minimum and are 18' in length or 20' if parallel to the direction of traffic, and are 5' minimum in width ▪▪ The access aisles can be shared ▪▪ The access aisles adjoin an accessible route ▪▪ Access aisles are a minimum width of 60" and completely outlined on all 4 sides and have hatched lines 36" maximum on center inside the outline, in any color that contrasts with the paving surface other than blue ▪▪ The words No Parking are striped on the end of the access aisle in 12" high letters in a color that contrasts with the paving surface other than blue

Double Accessible EVCS per CBC bollards if provided are outside of the parking stall wheel stop if provided

30" x 48" clr flr space in front of charger

2.083% slope in all directions detectable warning at curb cut ramp or blended transitions

EV charger

Accessible Route

Access Aisle

Accessible EVCS

outline access aisle on all 4 sides and stripe 36" max on center, both in a color contrasting to the paving surface other than blue

ax

"m

36

18' min

Van Accessible EVCS

on er nt

ce

EV CHARGING ONLY 12' min

NO EV CHARGING PARKING

ONLY

5' min

9' min

12" min height letters in a color other than blue contrasting with the paving surface • When 4 or less EVCS are provided the stations are not dedicated with an ISA • When 5 to 25 EVCS are provided, one van station is reserved with an ISA • When 26 or more EVCS are provided, all standard and van accesible are reserved with an ISA

Accessible Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – Requirements

87

EVCS Signage per CBC  ▪▪ Signage with an ISA is not required with 4 or fewer EVCS ▪▪ With 5 to 25 EVCS, only 1 van accessible shall be reserved and marked with an ISA ▪▪ With 26 or more EVCS, all required van and standard accessible stations are to be identified and reserved with an ISA ▪▪ Ambulatory and drive-up charging stations are not to be reserved with an ISA ▪▪ Van accessible EVCS are to have a sign with the words Van Accessible ▪▪ The signs are to be reflectorized and 70 square inches minimum ▪▪ Signs are located 60" minimum above the ground surface, or 80" minimum if located within an accessible route to the bottom of the sign

88 Site Elements 

▪▪ Signs, if required, are to be visible from the EVCS they serve and located immediately in front or within the vehicle space width on a wall or post directly in front

Ambulatory EVCS per CBC  ▪▪ Ambulatory spaces are 18′ in length by 10′ wide and do not have an access aisle ▪▪ The space has markings in 12" minimum height letters centered within 6" of the space centerline and aligned with the outside edge stating ev Charging Only ▪▪ The accessible route requirements of not passing behind other parked cars or EVCS are not applicable to ambulatory EVCS ▪▪ Ambulatory spaces are not required unless there are more than 25 charging stations

Ambulatory Stall per CBC 30" x 48" clr flr space in front of charger bollards if provided are outside of the parking stall 2.083% slope in all directions

18' min

wheel stop if provided

EV CHARGING ONLY 10' min

12" min height letters centered within 6" of the stall centerline in a color contrasting with the pavement other than blue

Ambulatory charging stations are meant to be universal and are not dedicated with an ISA nor are they connected by an accessiblre route

Accessible Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – Requirements

89

Drive-Up Charging Stations per CBC

▪▪ All drive-up charging stations are to be accessible

The drive-up electric vehicle charging station is where the car pulls forward into the space, charges, and then continues forward to depart the space, similar to a gas filling station. All drive-up charging stations meet the following requirements:

▪▪ Drive-up spaces have a 30 minute time allotment maximum

Drive-Up Charging Station per CBC

▪▪ The space is not required to be demarcated ▪▪ The drive-up space is not reserved with an ISA, since all are to be accessible

2.083% slope in all directions

4' max

20' min

4' max

4' max

17' min

▪▪ Drive-up spaces are 20′ long by 17′ wide minimum—no access aisle is required

4' max

EV CHARGING ONLY direction of travel EV charger locations

12" min height letters contrasting with the paving surface in a color other than blue

Drive-up charging stations are meant to be universal and are not dedicated 90 Site Elements 

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards U.S. Access Board Technical Guide Sources:

2016 CBC Sources:

Parking Spaces Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

(Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 202 Definitions 11B-202.4 excep 10 Existing Buildings and Facilities – Path of Travel Requirements in Alterations, Additions and Structural Repairs 11B-208.1 Parking Spaces – General 11B-220.2 excep 2 Automatic Teller machines, Fare Machines, and Point-of-Sale Devices – Point-Of-Sale Devices 11B-228.3 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, Fuel Dispensers, and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations –Electric Vehicle Charging Stations 11B-228.3.1 General 11B-228.3.2 Minimum Number 11B-228.3.2.1 Public Use or Common Use EVCS 11B-302 Floor Or Ground Surfaces 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-707.2 Automatic Teller Machines, Fare Machines, and Point of Sale Devices – Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-707.3 Operable Parts 11B-707.7.2 Display Screens – Characters 11B-707.7.9 Point-Of-Sale Devices 11B-812.1 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – General 11B-812.2 Operable Parts 11B-812.3 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-812.4 Vertical Clearance 11B-812.5 Accessible Routes 11B-812.5.1 Accessible Route to Building or Facility 11B-812.5.2 Accessible Route to EV Charger 11B-812.5.3 Relationship to Accessible Routes 11B-812.5.4 Arrangement 11B-812.5.5 Obstructions 11B-812.6 Vehicle Spaces 11B-812.6.3 Ambulatory 11B-812.6.4 Drive-Up 11B-812.7 Access Aisle 11B-812.8 Identification Signs 11B-812.9 Surface Marking 11B-812.10 Electric Vehicle Chargers 11B-812.10.3 Point of Sale Devices 11B-812.10.4 Location Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

91

Pools, Spas, & Other Recreation Pools 

Spas 

▪▪ Swimming pools with a perimeter of less than 300 LF are required to have a minimum of one means of entry that is either a pool lift or a sloped entry ▪▪ Swimming pools with a perimeter edge of 300 LF or more have two means of entry, one of which is either a pool lift or a sloped entry ▪▪ Wave pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools, or other pools where access is limited to one area, require one means of entry only, which is either a pool lift, sloped entry, or transfer system ▪▪ Catch pools (i.e., at the bottom of water slides) are required to be on an accessible route, but are not required to have an accessible entry

▪▪ 5% of the provided spas, with one minimum per cluster of each type, is accessible ▪▪ Spas require one means of entry of either a pool lift, transfer wall, or transfer system ▪▪ Gates in fences protecting spas, hot tubs, and pools can have the operable parts of the release latch on self-latching devices at 54" above grade, if the latch is not also self-locking and operated by a key, electronic opener, or integral combination lock ▪▪ Pool lifts for spas are not required to have footrests

Saunas & Steam Rooms 

▪▪ Wading pools have one means of entry via a sloped entry

▪▪ 5% of the provided saunas or steam rooms, with one minimum per cluster of each type, is accessible

▪▪ Water slides and raised diving boards and platforms are not required to be accessible or on an accessible route; [however, an accessible route is to be provided to the ground level entry points of stairs, ladders, etc. per CBC]

▪▪ A 60" turning space of a diameter or T-shape space is provided within the room ▪▪ If seating is provided, one accessible bench is provided with a 30" × 48" clear floor space adjacent to its end

Saunas and Steam Rooms fixed bench - 17" to 19" AFF

20" to 24" deep

the 2nd seating platform is to be 18" min above the fixed bench in order for the riser to act as back support

readily removable bench

42" min

30" x 48" clr flr space at end of fixed bench

48" min per CBC 60" turning space

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 92 Site Elements 

▪▪ The accessible bench either has an integral seat back or is affixed to the wall, [and is either fixed to the floor or the wall per CBC] ▪▪ Doors do not swing into the clear floor transfer space at the end of the accessible bench ▪▪ An easily removable bench can obstruct both the turning space and the clear floor space at the end of the accessible bench ▪▪ Doors to showers and saunas located within transient lodging non-mobility guest rooms are not required to have the minimum clear width

Exercise Machines & Fitness Areas  ▪▪ One minimum of each type of exercise machine is located on an accessible route with a clear floor space adjacent of 30" or 36" × 48" for front approach or equivalent side approach ▪▪ Clear floor spaces can be shared or can overlap with another clear floor space ▪▪ Location and approach of the clear floor space depend on the type of equipment ▪▪ Exercise machine equipment and controls are not required to be accessible

Exercise Equipment Clear Floor Space shared clr flr space - increase to 36" x 48" if recessed more than 24"

Accessible Route

Pools, Spas, & Other Recreation

93

Sports Areas  ▪▪ Court sports have an accessible route connecting to both sides of the court, with the exception of raised boxing or wrestling rings [which have the ground level entry points on an accessible route per CBC] ▪▪ Each area of sports activity has an accessible route to the boundary of the activity area

▪▪ Provide one wheelchair space minimum in team or player seating areas serving areas of sports activity - space is 36" × 48" for front or back approach, and 36" × 60" if side approach ▪▪ Objects within areas of sports activity located on circulation paths are exempt from protrusion and overhanging limitation requirements

▪▪ 5% of bowling lanes, with one minimum of each type of lane, is on an accessible route

Court Sports Accessible Route alternate option for accessible route

a minimum of one accessible route directly connects both sides of the court

94 Site Elements 

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  203.11 General Exceptions – Water Slides 203.13 Raised Boxing or Wrestling Rings 203.14 Raised Diving Boards and Diving Platforms 204.1 Protruding Objects – General

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-203.11 General Exceptions – Water Slides 11B-203.13 Raised Boxing or Wrestling Rings 11B-203.14 Raised Diving Boards and Diving Platforms

205.1 excep 8 Operable Parts – General

11B-204.1 Protruding Objects – General

206.2.11 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Bowling Lanes

11B-205.1 excep 8 Operable Parts – General

206.2.12 Court Sports 206.2.13 Exercise Machines and Equipment

11B-206.2.11 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Bowling Lanes 11B-206.2.12 Court Sports

206.5.3 excep Doors, Doorways and Gates – Transient Lodging Facilities

11B-206.2.13 Exercise Machines and Equipment

221.2.1.4 Assembly Areas – Wheelchair Spaces – Number and Location – Team or Player Seating

11B-206.5.3 Doors, Doorways and Gates – Transient Lodging Facilities

236 Exercise Machines and Equipment 241 Saunas and Steam Rooms 242.2 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Swimming Pools 242.3 Wading Pools 242.4 Spas 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space

11B-206.2.18 Area of Sport Activity

11B-221.2.1.4 Assembly Areas – Wheelchair Spaces – Team or Player Seating 11B-236 Exercise Machines and Equipment 11B-241 Saunas and Steam Rooms 11B-242.2 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Swimming Pools 11B-242.3 Wading Pools 11B-242.4 Spas

404.2.7 excep 2 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways and Manual Gates – Door and Gate Hardware

11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space

612 Saunas and Steam Rooms

11B-612 Saunas and Steam Rooms

802.1 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats – Wheelchair Spaces 903 Benches 1004.1 Exercise Machines and Equipment – Clear Floor Space 1009.2.6 excep Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Pool Lifts – Footrests and Armrests Advisory 206.2.2 Within a Site

11B-404.2.7 excep 2 Manual Doors, Doorways and Manual Gates – Door and Gate Hardware 11B-802.1 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats, and Semi-Ambulant Seats – Wheelchair Spaces 11B-903 Benches 11B-1004.1 Exercise Machines and Equipment – Clear Floor Space 11B-1009.2.6 excep Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Pool Lifts – Footrests and Armrests

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

95

Pools, Spas, & Water Entry Systems General Notes  ▪▪ Small pools of less than 300 LF perimeter require one means of entry—either a dedicated lift or a sloped entry ▪▪ Large pools of more than 300 LF perimeter require an additional second entry ▪▪ Spas require one means of entry—a lift, transfer wall, or transfer system ▪▪ Wading pools require one means of entry—a sloped entry ▪▪ Wave pools, leisure pools, and sand bottom pools each require one means of entry of a pool lift, sloped entry, or transfer system

Lifts for Pools & Spas Pool lifts have very specific requirements, from the mechanism itself to the level clear floor space adjacent to the water edge. Lifts are typically required for both pools and spas, although there are alternative means of entry into the water that are also acceptable. This requirement first became mandatory on March 15, 2012, but an extension was provided until January 31, 2013, for existing pools. What was cause for great confusion at the time, was the difference between the industry language of portable lift versus fixed, and the ADA requirements. Basically, the ADA states that the lift has to be fixed—whether this means a portable lift that is fixed in

place or a typical fixed lift—both appear to be acceptable, as long as they meet all of the other lift requirements. In addition to hard-wired electric or battery-operated lifts, there are also hydraulic lifts. This is another alternative to explore which does not use batteries or electricity. The concern with the batteries is a maintenance issue—they tend to be stored continually charging, and the battery no longer holds a charge. This is a constant source of frustration for facility staff as well as users. Many times staff remove the batteries to make the lift unusable when they feel the lift is not needed. The rationale behind this, for unsupervised pools, is concern that children may play with the mechanism, causing an accident. Perhaps a better solution for this situation is to have a locking device that a guest room key or other card key can unlock, so the lift is always immediately available. The lift should be installed and operable whenever the pool is open to the public. This is not an on-demand feature. ▪▪ A pool lift is required to be fixed in position, and is always available for immediate use whenever the pool is open to the public ▪▪ A pool lift is located where the water level is [36" minimum to] 48" maximum and submerges a minimum of 18" below the water level [per CBC] ▪▪ If there is more than one pool lift to the same pool, only one is required to be placed where the water depth is 48" maximum

18" min

36" min per CBC

48" max

17" - 19" per CBC

16" - 19"

12" min per CBC

Pool Lift – Side View

Pool Deck

16" min

CL Water

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 96 Site Elements 

▪▪ If the water level of the entire pool is greater than 48", the lift placement is exempt from the 48" maximum depth requirement [and if the entire pool is less than 36" then it is exempt from the 36" minimum per CBC] ▪ The centerline of the lift seat is over the deck and located 16" minimum from the pool edge ▪ The deck slope from the centerline of the lift seat to the pool edge is 1:48 (2.083%) maximum, including the coping—no steps or walls can be placed in this area ▪▪ A 36" × 48" clear deck space is provided along the open side of the lift seat parallel to the pool edge and on the opposite side of the water, with the 48" edge extending 12" behind the front of the seatback with a maximum slope of 1:48 (2.083%) ▪▪ The height of the lift seat stops at [16"][17"] to 19" above the deck, and the seat itself is a minimum of 16" in width ▪▪ The seat is rigid with a 12" minimum height back support per CBC ▪▪ A seat restraint is provided for use by the occupant per CBC ▪▪ Foot rests move with the lift seat but are not required for spas

▪▪ Arm rests, [if provided] [are provided on each side and] have the one on the non-water side removable or folding clear of the chair when in the load position [per CBC] ▪▪ The lift is capable of unassisted operation in both directions [and is stable when getting into or out of the seat per CBC] ▪▪ Lifts have a weight capacity of 300 lbs. minimum and a static load capacity of 1½ times that amount ▪▪ Lift controls are operable with 1 hand without requiring tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, with 5 lbs. maximum operating force ▪▪ The controls are unobstructed and can be reached both from the deck and from the water, regardless of the position of the lift Aside from the technical requirements for the lift itself and its location, the intent is that a person who needs a lift to get in and out of the pool or spa can do so unassisted. Controls are to be available both from the water and from the pool deck. Since more than one person needing the use of a lift can be swimming at the same time, it is critical for controls to be accessible from both the deck and the water, regardless of the location of the lift for its vertical travel. Many pool lift installations do not meet this requirement of control locations. Some have an attachment on

Pool Lift – Plan View 16" min

36" min

48"

12"

CL

Water

Pool Deck

both clear deck spaces have a 1:48 slope max

water level at the pool lift is 48" deep max and 36" min per CBC Pools, Spas, & Water Entry Systems

97

the back of the lift chair. This makes it very difficult if one needs both hands to transfer from a wheelchair— either they have to hold the controls in one hand while transferring or twist around to reach behind once in the lift chair. In this case, though, the controls are located only where the chair is at the moment. Another non-compliant situation is one in which the controls are located only at or on the armrest. This is easier to use and travels with the chair into the water. It becomes an issue if several people are using the lift. If the only control travels with the chair, someone may be stranded in the water with no means to call down the lift, which might now be located over the deck—or vice versa. When specifying a pool lift, be aware that a set of controls needs to be reachable both from the water and the deck, and that the user has to be able to operate the lift while seated in it. And, as with many other products out on the market, just because a manufacturer places an International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA) on it does not mean that the lift actually meets access requirements. So when designing an area for a lift and specifying the lift itself, be sure to review the actual requirements in the ADA Standards and other regulations.

Sloped Entry  ▪▪ Sloped entries extend to a depth of 24" minimum to 30" maximum below the water surface ▪▪ Where landings are required, they are submerged below the water surface a minimum of 24" to 30" maximum below ▪▪ The maximum slope is 8.33% and complies with the requirements of sloped walkways or pedestrian ramps, except that the surface is not required to be slip resistant   ▪▪ In wading pools, the sloped entry extends to the deepest part and is not required to have handrails ▪▪ Handrails are required on both sides, with 33" to 38" in between the railings—this clear width is not required for wading pools, wave action pools, leisure rivers, and sand bottom pools ▪▪ Handrails are required to be 34" to 38" to the top and do not extend below the stationary water level ▪▪ Handrail extensions are not required at the bottom landings Note  Landings are required when the rise is greater than 30", or if there is a change in direction, presuming the slope is greater than 5%

Sloped Entry 12"

30' max run without landing

33" - 38" clr

curb or wheel guide rail on open edge

72" min per CBC

Down

water level handrail with 12" extensions on top only

Pool Deck

98 Site Elements 

60" min

Pool

landing at 24" to 30" below the water surface

Pool Stairs 

Pool Stairs

▪▪ Tread widths are uniform

20" - 24" clr

▪▪ Risers are uniform and otherwise do not have any specified height requirements ▪▪ The width between handrails is 20" to 24" 34" to 38" to top

▪▪ Pool stairs otherwise meet stair and handrail requirements ▪▪ Contrasting striping, complying with stair requirements, is placed on each tread and landing for exterior pool stairs, and on just the bottom tread and top landing for interior pools per CBC

Pool Deck

water level Water

Transfer Systems  ▪▪ Transfer platforms are located at the top of the transfer steps and are a minimum height of 16" to 19" maximum above the deck surface ▪▪ Platform is a minimum clear width of 24" aligning with the top transfer step and a minimum depth of 19"

eq eq eq eq

▪▪ Handrail extensions are not required

▪▪ The clear deck transfer space is a minimum of 60" × 60" with a 1:48 (2.083%) maximum slope and centered on the 24" width of the platform ▪▪ Surface of transfer platform is not sharp and has rounded edges

Transfer System – Side View 14" - 17"

16" - 19"

8" max

4" - 6"

water line

18" min

60" x 60" clr deck space centered on the transfer platform with a 2.083% slope max

19" min

Pool Deck

transfer platform is 24" minimum clear in width

Stepped Grab Bars 14" - 17"

60" x 60" clr deck space centered on the transfer platform with a 2.083% slope max

19" min

4" - 6"

18" min

16" - 19"

8" max

water line

Pool Deck

transfer platform is 24" minimum clear in width

Sloped Grab Bars Pools, Spas, & Water Entry Systems

99

▪▪ Transfer steps are a maximum height of 8", and the bottom tread has its surface located 18" minimum below the water level ▪▪ Treads are 14"–17" deep by a minimum of 24" in clear width ▪▪ Either place a minimum of one grab bar horizontally on each step and the platform measured 4"- 6" to the top, or provide a continuous angled bar measuring the height at 4"- 6" above each step nosing to

Transfer Wall

the top, and then horizontally across the platform depth at 4" - 6" above the platform, and otherwise meets the requirements of grab bars

Transfer Walls  ▪▪ Transfer walls are 16" - 19" above the deck surface and 12" - 16" deep by a minimum length of 60" ▪▪ The clear deck space is 60" × 60" with a 1:48 (2.083%) maximum slope and centered on the base of the transfer wall 60" x 60" clr pool deck space centered on the transfer wall with a 2.083% slope max

16" - 19"

4" - 6"

12" - 16"

Pool Deck or Lower Transfer Area

Water Transfer wall is 60" minimum clear in width If the pool edge is flush with the pool deck, provide a sloped walkway or ramp down to the lower deck transfer space

Side View 60" x 60" clr deck space centered on the transfer wall with a 2.083% slope max 24" min clr

CL

24" min clr

60" min

transfer wall

Water

Pool Deck

Transfer Wall with 1 Grab Bar Raised Pool Edge 100 Site Elements 

Note  If the pool wall is not raised above the deck surface, it might be necessary to ramp a portion of the deck down to the 60" × 60" transfer space, in order to attain the 16" to 19" height differential for the transfer wall

▪▪ Surface of the transfer wall is not sharp and has rounded edges

▪▪ Grab bars are located 4" - 6" above the transfer wall surface measured to the top of the bar ▪▪ If one grab bar is provided, it has 24" minimum clear on both sides and is centered on the clear deck space; if two grab bars are provided, there is 24" minimum clear in between them, and this space is centered on the clear deck space

▪▪ Grab bars are located perpendicular to the water edge and extend the full depth of the transfer wall, and otherwise meet the requirements of grab bars lower 60" x 60" clr deck space centered on the transfer wall with a 2.083% slope max

24" min clr

60" min

transfer wall

Water

C L

Pool Deck

slope down from pool deck to lower transfer space - provide handrails as required

Transfer Wall with 2 Grab Bars Pool Edge Flush with Pool Deck - Lower Transfer Space

Pools, Spas, & Water Entry Systems

101

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  242.2 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Swimming Pools 242.3 Wading Pools 242.4 Spas 309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 1009.2 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Pool Lifts 1009.3 Sloped Entries 1009.4 Transfer Walls 1009.5 Transfer Systems 1009.6 Pool Stairs

U.S. Access Board Technical Guide Sources: Guide on Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas Sloped Entries Handrails

102 Site Elements 

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-242.2 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Swimming Pools 11B-242.3 Wading Pools 11B-242.4 Spas 11B-309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 11B-504.4.1 Stairways – Tread Surface – Contrasting Stripe 11B-1009.2 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas – Pool Lifts 11B-1009.3 Sloped Entries 11B-1009.4 Transfer Walls 11B-1009.5 Transfer Systems 11B-1009.6 Pool Stairs

Chapter 3

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

Vertical Access For someone who has a disability or is elderly, ascending or descending across levels is a key mobility challenge. This is addressed by providing elements such as ramps, elevators, or lifts that take people from one level to another. This chapter provides in-depth information on the component pieces for each of these elements, as well as edge protection and handrails.

Stairways General Notes  ▪▪ Stairs are not part of an accessible route, but rather a circulation path ▪▪ In alterations, if an accessible route connects different levels, stairs do not need to be modified ▪▪ If existing stairs are altered, compliant handrails are required [along with striping on the treads per CBC] ▪▪ [Only] [All] stairs [that are part of a means of egress system] are required to comply with accessible stair requirements [per CBC] ▪▪ Landings at stairs are a minimum width and depth of the width of the stair run if there is a change in direction; otherwise the depth is 48" minimum per CBC ▪▪ All stairways are to have uniform riser heights and tread depths ▪▪ Risers are a minimum of 4" to 7" maximum in height and can slope 30° from the vertical ▪▪ Risers are closed [but can have open gratings with ½" maximum openings, on exterior stairs only per CBC] ▪▪ Treads are stable, firm, and slip-resistant and can have openings of ½'' maximum. If the openings are linear, they are located parallel to the edge of the tread  CBC Note CBC allows a ½" slot at the bottom of all exterior risers where they meet the tread, but it is unclear whether this actually complies with the intent of the ADA Standards—if perforated with ½" maximum openings, risers will most likely be acceptable 

▪▪ Treads are 11" minimum in depth measured from the edge of the tread nosing to the edge of the nosing above, with a maximum slope of 1:48 (2.083%) for drainage when exposed to water ▪▪ If a tread does not have a nosing, the edge of the tread has a maximum radius of ½" ▪▪ Nosings that project from the face of the riser are required to have the leading edge curved or beveled where it meets the riser, and with a maximum projection over the tread below of [1½"] [1¼" per CBC] ▪▪ Enclosed stairs have additional floor identification signs at the landings on the strike side of the door, identifying the floor level; the exit discharge level also has a five-pointed star located to the left of the floor designation, at the same height as the floor designation; the floor designation has raised characters, Braille, and visual characters with a non-glare finish and with the characters contrasting to its background—the visual characters can be omitted if the raised characters have a stroke thickness of 10-15% based on the height of the uppercase letter I per CBC ▪▪ There are further stair exiting identification signage requirements in buildings with more than three stories per the CA Fire Marshal and CBC ▪▪ There is 48" minimum clear between handrails for a means of egress that includes stairs or is accessed from an area of refuge—if the building has an automatic sprinkler system or the stairs are accessed from a horizontal exit, minimum clearance between handrails may be reduced to 44" per CBC

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 103

tread Striping per CBC stripe continues for the full width of the tread or landing where occurs top landing

up

2" to 4"

intermediate landing

same width min as stair run

bottom landing

1" max 11" min

48" min or the same width as the stair run if stripe continues for the full width of the tread or landing where occurs

intermediate landing

48" min or the same width as the stair run if there is a change in direction

Interior Stair Striping per CBC

treads and Risers

104 VerticAl Access

Exterior Stair Striping per CBC

11" min

up

2" to 4"

top landing

same width min as stair run

bottom landing

1" max

there is a change in direction

Stair Nosings

▪ If the occupant load is 50 maximum, then the clear width between rails can go down to 36" per CBC ▪ Handrails are required on both sides of stairs

▪ Stairs connecting play area components are not required to comply [but compliant striping is to be placed on the treads per CBC]

▪ Aisle stairs in assembly areas are not required to comply with stair requirements for treads, risers, and nosings [with the exception of compliant striping on the treads and landings per CBC] stAirwAys

105

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  210 Stairways 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 402.2 Accessible Routes – Components 504.2 Stairways – Treads and Risers 504.3 Open Risers 504.4 Tread Surface 504.5 Nosings 504.7 Wet Conditions 505.2 Handrails – Where Required

US Access Board Technical Guide Sources:  Chapter 5: Stairways 210 Required Compliance

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 1009.3 Accessible Means of Egress – Stairways 1011.2 Stairways – Width and Capacity 1011.6 Stairway Landings 1023.9 Interior Exit Stairways and Ramps – Stairway Identification Signs 11B-210 Stairways 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-402.2 Accessible Routes – Components 11B-504.2 Stairways – Treads and Risers 11B-504.3 Open Risers 11B-504.4 Tread Surface 11B-504.4.1 Contrasting Stripe 11B-504.5 Nosings 11B-504.7 Wet Conditions 11B-504.8 Floor Identification 11B-505.2 Handrails – Where Required

106 Vertical Access

Pedestrian Ramps General Notes  ▪▪ Pedestrian ramps have a slope of 1:12 (8.33%) maximum in the direction of travel with a maximum of 1:48 (2.083%) cross slope, and have a firm and stable surface Note  Slopes of 1:20 (5%) or less are considered sloped walkways, not ramps

▪▪ Pedestrian ramps have a minimum clear width between [handrails and] curbs of [36"] [48", with the handrails protruding 3½" maximum on each side per CBC]

▪▪ Multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity can have pedestrian ramps with a minimum clear width of 36" between hand rails and curbs if serving an occupant load of 50 or less per CBC ▪▪ Edge protection is provided on both sides of pedestrian ramp runs and landings ▪▪ Pedestrian ramps have landings at the top and bottom of the run with a 30" maximum height differential without an intermediate landing

Bottom Landing

Up 8.33% slope max

12" min

• The length of the ramp run is controlled by the slope & the 30" maximum rise

Top Landing +30" max

60" min per CBC*

handrail on both sides - typ

36" min clr

same width as ramp run min

72" min per CBC

60" min

same as ramp run min

60" min

48" min clr between curbs & walls per CBC

Pedestrian Ramps – Plan Configurations

12" min

• Top landing can be centered or offset on the ramp run

Straight Run handrail on both sides - typ

Bottom Landing

12" min

Up 8.33% slope max

Intermediate Landing +30" max

• The length of the ramp run is controlled by the slope & the 30" maximum rise • Top landing can be centered or offset on the ramp run per CBC • There is 30" maximum height differential between any landings in series

Top Landing +30" max

60" min per CBC*

12" min

36" min clr

same width as ramp run min

72" min per CBC

same as ramp run min

60" min

60" min 48" min clr between curbs & walls per CBC

60" min

12" min

Straight Run with Intermediate Landing

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Pedestrian Ramps

107

60" min 72" min per CBC

Up

Top Landing

8.33% slope max

Bottom Landing

Up 8.33% slope max

48" min clr between curbs & walls per CBC

handrail on both sides - typ

36" min clr

same width as ramp run min

60" min per CBC

60" min

12" min typ

Intermediate Landing +30" max

12" min typ The length of the ramp run is controlled by the slope & the 30" maximum rise

60" min 72" min per CBC

Switchback

60" min per CBC

Top Landing 12" min

Up 8.33% slope max

• The length of the ramp run is controlled by the slope & the 30" maximum rise • Top landing can be centered or offset on the ramp run * Increase intermediate landing to 72" in length measured from the upper ramp leg if there is any change of direction per CBC

Intermediate Landing +30" max

*72" min per CBC

Bottom Landing

Up

12" min

12" min

same width as ramp run min

72" min per CBC

36" min clr 48" min clr between curbs & walls per CBC

60" min

60" min

handrail on both sides - typ

60" min

same width as ramp run min

60" min

Dog-Leg

▪▪ Landing surfaces are stable, firm, and slip-resistant with a 1:48 (2.083%) maximum slope in all directions with no height changes or openings greater than ½"

108 Vertical Access

▪▪ Existing sites with space limitations can have a slope greater than 1:12 (8.33%)—a 3" maximum rise can have a 1:8 (12.5%) maximum slope and a 6" maximum rise can go up to a 1:10 (10%) maximum slope [for historical properties only, with signs posted on both the bottom and top indicating a steep slope, per California Historical Building Code (CHBC) and CA DOT]

CBC Note Note that both the CHBC and CA DOT currently allow a 13" maximum run with a 1:6 (16.67%) maximum slope that does not comply with ADAS—it is a grey area whether a 12.5% slope allowed by ADAS would be acceptable for a 3" rise, since the slope is less steep, but the run is longer

▪▪ Handrails are required on both sides and extend in the same direction as the ramp run, unless it is the inner handrail on a switchback or dogleg ramp— the gripping surface portion of the extension is 12" minimum, located at both the top and bottom of the ramp NOTE The extension should be measured along the straight portion of the rail to the spring-point where the railing curves back to the wall or post, since the curved portion does not comply with the gripping surface requirements

▪▪ Full handrail extensions that are hazardous because of existing plan configuration can be [shortened or omitted] [turned 90° per CBC]

▪▪ Pedestrian ramps [with a rise of 6" or less] are not required to have handrails [if located at door landings with a rise of less than 6" or run of 72" maximum per CBC] ▪▪ A level landing is always required for ramps when a change of direction occurs—since curved ramps continually have a change in direction, it would be difficult for these to technically comply if they have a slope greater than 5%—if the slope is 5% or less, it is not considered a ramp, so a level landing is not required at a change in direction CBC Note CA DOT states that curved ramps with the maximum slope of 8.33% require a 50' minimum radius to the inner side, and a curved walkway with a 5% maximum running slope requires a 30' minimum radius to the inner side to allow a 2% maximum cross slope. Note that this still may create a compound cross slope that is not compliant

▪▪ Assembly seating aisle ramps not serving accessible elements are not required to comply

Pedestrian Ramps

109

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 405 Ramps 405.8 Handrails 405.9 Edge Protection 505.2 Handrails – Where Required 505.10 Handrail Extensions 505.10.1 Top and Bottom Extension at Ramps Advisory 405.7 Landings

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-405 Ramps 11B-405.5 excep 3 Clear Width 11B-405.8 Handrails 11B-405.9 Edge Protection 11B-505.2 Handrails – Where Required 11B-505.10 Handrail Extensions 11B-505.10.1 Handrail Extension Top and Bottom Extension at Ramps

CA Historical Building Code Sources:

(Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) CHBC Part 8 – 603.6 Alternatives – Exterior and Interior Ramps and Lifts

CA DOT Sources:

(Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) CA DOT 4.3.7 DIB 82-05, October 1, 2013 Ramps – Table 4.3.7 Helical Radius Requirements

110 Vertical Access

Pedestrian Ramp Landings General Notes 

▪▪ Bottom landings are the same width or greater than the widest ramp run leading to it, with a minimum length in the direction of the ramp run of [60"] [72" per CBC]

▪▪ Top and bottom landings are required at pedestrian ramps ▪▪ Intermediary landings are required where there is any change in direction or wherever the vertical rise is greater than 30"

▪▪ Intermediate landings are the same width or greater than the widest ramp run leading to it, and 60" minimum in length

▪▪ Landing surfaces are firm, stable, and slip-resistant with no openings greater than ½"

▪▪ Intermediate landings are located where there is any change in direction and are 60" × [60"] [72", measuring the longer length from the upper ramp run and in the same direction as the upper run per CBC]

▪▪ All landings have a maximum slope of 1:48 (2.083%) ▪▪ Exterior landings are sloped to drain at 2.083% maximum, so there is no accumulation of water

▪▪ Intermediate landings on curved ramps are considered to have a change in direction and also require a minimum landing of 60" × [60"] [72", measuring the longer length from the upper ramp run and in the same direction as the upper run per CBC]

▪▪ All landing size requirements are for clear width and length with no railing extensions protruding within the clear dimension

Intermediate Landings at a Change in Direction grade break line in ramp slope

Intermediate Landing

60" min

Up

72" min per CBC

15" min *

Up

handrail extension typ

60" min * This presumes a 12" extension + 3" from the spring-point of the radius to the outside of the rail

Option 1 - Offset

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Pedestrian Ramp Landings

111

grade break line in ramp slope

Intermediate Landing

72" min per CBC

60" min

Up

15" min *

Up

handrail extension typ

60" min * This presumes a 12" extension + 3" from the spring-point of the radius to the outside of the rail This is the preferred configuration for a dogleg type of ramp

Option 2 - Inset

handrail extension typ

Up

Intermediate Landing

60" min

36" min clr

15 "

*

Up

grade break line in ramp slope

60" min * This presumes a 12" extension + 3" from the spring-point of the radius to the outside of the rail

ADA Option 3 - Inset & Angled

112 Vertical Access

48

"m in

Up

grade break line in ramp slope

60

60" min

CB C 72

"m in pe r

"m in p

er

Up

60" min

48" min

Intermediate Landing

15 "

*

handrail extension ±15" overall *

CB

C

* This presumes a 12" extension + 3" from the spring-point of the radius to the outside of the rail This configuration is a bit more complex & is left for interpretation - if only the CBC 60" x 72" landing is provided there will be less than a 60" space for turning into the upwards direction - the solution above superimposes both ADA and CBC requirements

CBC Option 3 - Angled

▪▪ Top landings are the same width or greater than the widest ramp run leading to it and 60" minimum in length [with a minimum width of 60" per CBC] ▪▪ Pedestrian ramp landings located at doors are to provide for the compliant strike and/or hinge side clearances that can overlap the level landing but not the sloped ramp run

▪▪ Door maneuvering clearances can overlap the required landing area [but doors in any position cannot reduce the minimum landing dimension to less than 42" and cannot encroach on the landing width more than 3" in the fully open position per CBC]

Pedestrian Ramp Landings

113

72" min clr for bottom landing per CBC

12" min with closer & latch

break line in ramp slope handrails both sides Dn

60" min

Bottom Landings

36" min 48" min clr per CBC

Front Approach Push Side of Door Top & Bottom Landings 3" max encroachment per CBC

18" min 42" min per CBC

24" min ext 18" min int per CBC

handrails both sides

36" min clr 48" min clr per CBC 60" min clr at upper landing per CBC

Front Approach Pull Side of Door 114 Vertical Access

extention

12" min

Up or Dn

break line in ramp slope

Top Landings

Up

12" min

break line in ramp slope

extention

60" min

12" min with closer & latch

handrails both sides

36" min clr 48" min clr per CBC 60" min clr at upper landing per CBC

Front Approach Push Side of Door

24" min 60" min clr

48" min clr per CBC

Up

36" min clr

60" min clr per CBC

42" min clr & 48" min clr with closer

12" min handrail extention

handrails both sides break line in ramp slope

Latch-Side Approach Push Side of Door

Pedestrian Ramp Landings

115

24" min 42" min clr per CBC 60" min clr

Latch-Side Approach Pull Side of Door ▪▪ Pedestrian ramps do not require handrails [with a maximum rise of 6"] [if located at door landings with a rise of less than 6" or run of 72" maximum per CBC]

116 Vertical Access

48" min clr per CBC

Up

36" min clr

12" min handrail extention

60" min clr per CBC

48" min clr & 54" min clr with closer

3" max encroachment per CBC

handrails both sides break line in ramp slope

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 405.4 Ramps – Floor or Ground Surfaces 405.6 Rise 405.7 Landings 405.7.1 excep Slope 405.7.2 Width 405.7.3 Length 405.7.4 Change in Direction 405.7.5 Doorways 405.8 Handrails 405.10 Wet Conditions Advisory 405.7 Landings

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-405.4 Ramps – Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-405.6 Rise 11B-405.7 Landings 11B-405.7.1 excep Slope 11B-405.7.2 Width 11B-405.7.3 Length 11B-405.7.4 Change in Direction 11B-405.7.5 Doorways 11B-405.8 Handrails 11B-405.10 Wet Conditions 11B-505.2 excep 3 Handrails – Where Required

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

117

edge Protection Pedestrian Ramp Edge Protection  ▪ Pedestrian ramp runs and their landings require edge protection on each side unless bounded by a barrier, such as a wall or fence, or the landing adjoins stairs or another ramp ▪ Landings do not require edge protection if the vertical drop is ½" maximum within 10" horizontally of the minimum required landing edges ▪ Edge protection for pedestrian ramps can consist of a 4" minimum height curb, or a wheel guide rail placed so a portion is located at 4" above the ramp surface, or a combination of the two that does not allow a 4" diameter sphere to pass within 4" of the ramp surface, either above or below the barrier [and is continuous along the full length of the ramp per CBC]

Note ADAS requires that a curb or wheel guide rail be placed so a 4" diameter ball cannot go anywhere within 4" of the ramp surface. This means that if the curb is only 2" in height, vertical pickets have to be placed with less than a 4" space, or a second rail has to be provided at less than 4" above the curb surface. [Either the rail itself has to hit the 4" mark or the curb should be increased from the CBC minimum of 2" to 4" in height.]

▪ An extension of the ramp run or landing can [also act as edge protection if it extends 12" minimum beyond the inner face of the handrail] [not act as edge protection per CBC] ▪ No edge protection is needed on a ramp run that is not required to have handrails with a rise up to [and including] 6" if it has side flares with a 1:10 (10%) maximum slope [and located at a door per CBC]

edge Protection at Pedestrian Ramp Runs & Landings

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 118 VerticAl Access

Miscellaneous Edge Protection per CBC 

▪ If a pedestrian route crosses or adjoins a vehicular way not separated by a curb, railing, or other element, a continuous 36" strip of detectable warnings is placed between the pedestrian and vehicular area

▪ If ramp runs, landings, walkways, stepped walkways, stairs, mezzanines, or landings have a greater than 30" drop within 36" horizontally from its edge, provide a continuous guard rail at 42" high measured from the walking surface or tread nosing with openings less than 4"

▪ Abrupt changes in level greater than 4" adjacent to circulation routes, including at planters or fountains, have a 6" minimum height warning curb, unless there is a wheel guide rail centered 2" to 4" above the walking surface along with a guard or handrail—not applicable at curb edges along sidewalks adjacent to streets or driveways

planter, fountain, etc 6" min

▪ The triangular opening on the sides of stairs between the railing and riser/tread can increase but a 6" diameter ball cannot pass thru

edge Protection at Changes in Level per CBC

greater than 4" drop

▪ The portion of the guard rail between 36" and 42" above the walking surface can have the opening increased, but the space is to be less than 4⅜"

▪ Edges at reflecting pools are to have either railings, walls, warning curbs, or a 24" to 36" deep strip of detectable warnings

Circulation Route

Warning Curb at Drop-Offs Other Than at Streets

edge Protection

119

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  405.9 Ramps – Edge Protection 405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface 405.9.2 Curb or Barrier 406.3 Curb Ramps – Sides of Curb Ramps

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 1015.2 Guards – Where Required 1015.3 Height 1015.4 Opening Limitations 11B-247.1.2 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture – Detectable Warnings – Where Required 11B-303.5 Changes in Level – Warning Curbs 11B-405.9 Ramps – Edge Protection 11B-405.9.1 Reserved 11B-405.9.2 Curb or Barrier 11B-705.1.2 Detectable Warnings and Detectable Directional Texture – Detectable Warnings – Locations 11B-705.1.2.6 Reflecting Pools

120 Vertical Access

Handrails General Notes 

▪▪ Pedestrian ramps do not require handrails [when the rise is 6" or less] [if located at door landings with a rise of less than 6" or run of 72" maximum per CBC]

▪▪ Handrails are required on both sides of stairs and ramps, with the exception of aisle ramps in assembly areas where one handrail can be located either on a side or within the aisle width

▪▪ Walking surfaces with a slope less than or equal to 5% are not required to have handrails, but, if provided, they are to comply, with some exceptions— there is no limitation for obstructions along the underside of the rails if the rail is integral to a crash rail or bumper guard; two handrails along a walkway are not required; continuous railings are not required, nor are handrail extensions—these listed items are only required for stairs and ramps, not sloped walkways

▪▪ Railings as well as adjacent surfaces have rounded edges free of sharp or abrasive elements ▪▪ Handrails are continuous within each stair flight or pedestrian ramp run, and inner handrails on dogleg or switchbacks are continuous with the next run ▪▪ Continuous handrails are not required on ramps in assembly areas serving seating

Handrails

34" to 38" above the nosing

CBC Note Housing built for seniors is required to have handrails on all walkways and hallways located in common use areas per CA Civil Code and CBC

34" to 38" measured vertically

Stairs

34" to 38" measured vertically

Handrails at Sloped Walkways

Sloped Walkway ▪▪ Support rails in elevator cars or platform lifts are located on a minimum of one wall at 31" to 33" AFF to the top, with 1½" minimum space to the wall behind, and located within 6" of the adjacent side walls, which are free of sharp or abrasive elements per CBC

Pedestrian Ramp | Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Handrails

121

Note Elevator and lift rails are not required to comply with handrail requirements, since they are considered support rails, not handrails

▪ If both sides of a stair run are not parallel to each other and perpendicular to the nosing, one railing at a minimum is placed perpendicular to the nosing without reducing the required minimum stair width per CBC

Stairs with Non-Parallel edges per CBC

up

contrasting stripe per CBC

Stairs with nonparallel sides have one handrail that is perpendicular to the nosing per CBC

Gripping Surface Notes ▪  Handrails do not rotate within their fittings ▪ Handrails are located 34" to 38" AFF to the top of the rail and are consistent in height ▪ The height of the stair railing is measured from the front of the tread and landing nosing ▪ Handrails have 1½" minimum clear to the face of the adjacent wall ▪ Handrails have 1½" minimum clear below the rail before an attachment can return to the wall or any other obstruction—this distance can be reduced by ⅛" for each ½" of railing perimeter exceeding 4" ▪ Tops and sides of handrails cannot be obstructed, with the exception that the bottom of the rail can have up to 20% maximum obstruction along its length

122 VerticAl Access

▪ Handrails are allowed to protrude from the face of a wall 4½" maximum ▪ Handrails are allowed to protrude into the required clear width of a pedestrian ramp 3½" on each side, except at residential facilities serving an occupant load of 50 or less per CBC ▪ Handrails can be located in a 3" maximum recess if it extends 18" minimum above the top of the rail per CBC ▪ Rails with a circular profile are 1¼" to 2" in diameter and noncircular rails have a perimeter dimension of 4" to 6¼" with a 2¼" maximum dimension in their largest cross section

Gripping Surface

Handrail Profiles

Handrails

123

Rail Extension Notes  ▪▪ Both ramp and stair extensions extend in the same direction as the ramp run or stairs ▪▪ In alterations, full extensions are not required if rails are hazardous due to existing plan configuration [in which case they can be turned 90° per CBC]

▪▪ Stair handrail extensions extend horizontally at the top an additional 12" minimum from the landing nosing, and at the bottom they extend at the same slope as the railing for one tread depth minimum, measured from the bottom tread nosing [plus an additional 12" horizontally at the same height as the railings, measured from the stair nosing per CBC]

Pedestrian Ramp Handrail Extensions Stair Handrail Extensions

12" min

34" to 38"

Handrail Extension Plan Detail

124 Vertical Access

34" to 38"

1 tread depth

27" max

12" per CBC

34" to 38"

12" min

wheel guide rail to have a portion of its vertical dimension located at 4" above the ramp surface for the full length of the ramp

▪▪ The gripping surface of the ramp handrail extensions extends horizontally 12" minimum, measured from both grade breaks of the ramp run slope, at top and bottom, to the spring-point of the rail radius before it returns at the end ▪▪ Handrail extensions do not protrude into the required clear dimensions of ramp landings ▪▪ Extensions return to the wall, post, or landing surface, or are continuous to the adjacent run—the extension is measured to the spring-point of the rail radius before it returns ▪▪ If returning to a post, the horizontal portion can protrude 12" maximum without being considered a hazardous protruding object

▪▪ The sloped portion of a handrail extension is not considered a protruding object, nor is it limited in the length of its projection ▪▪ Extensions are not required on the inside turn of switchback or dogleg stairs and ramps if the handrails are continuous, nor in assembly area ramp aisles serving seating if the rail itself is discontinuous for access to seating and crossover aisles ▪▪ Handrail extensions can protrude into a door clear floor space only if the door has front approach and if the distance from the outside face of the handrail to the face of the door is 8" maximum

Handrails

125

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  307.2 excep Protruding Objects – ­Protrusion Limits 307.3 excep Post-Mounted Objects 403.6 Walking Surfaces – Handrails 405.7 Ramps – Landings 405.8 Ramps – Handrails 505.2 Handrails – Where Required 505.3 Continuity 505.4 Height 505.5 Clearance 505.6 Gripping Surface 505.7 Cross Section 505.8 Surfaces 505.9 Fittings 505.10 Handrail Extensions  Advisory 505.1 General

US Access Board Technical Guide Sources: Chapter 4: Ramps and Curb Ramps 405.7 Landings 405.9 Edge Protection 505 Handrails Common Questions

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11A Housing Accessibility – Note 2 11B-307.2 excep Protruding Objects –­Protrusion Limits 11B-307.3 excep Post-Mounted Objects 11B-403.6 Walking Surfaces – Handrails 11B-405.5 excep Ramps – Clear Width 11B-405.8 Handrails 11B-405.7 Ramps – Landings 11B-407.4.10 Elevators – Elevator Car Requirements – Support Rail 11B-505.2 Handrails – Where Required 11B-505.2.1 Orientation 11B-505.3 Continuity 11B-505.4 Height 11B-505.5 Clearance 11B-505.6 Gripping Surface 11B-505.7 Cross Section 11B-505.8 Surfaces 11B-505.9 Fittings 11B-505.10 Handrail Extensions

CA Civil Code Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) Part 251.2. (d)(2)

126 Vertical Access

Elevator Lobby & Landing Area General Notes Consider an older two-story building that is a place of public accommodation—the question is: Are you required to install an elevator? The answer to this is: It depends. For a new building that has less than 3,000 SF per floor or is a two-story building, generally an elevator is not required. This is based upon the types of tenants located on the other floor(s). If there are any medical offices or over a specified number of retail shops, an elevator is required. And last, if space is provided for a public agency, an elevator most likely will be required. There are a few more exceptions where an elevator is required as well, such as at an airport passenger terminal or specified public transportation facility. Those are the requirements for new buildings. But let’s say the building was built pre-ADA without an elevator and there are medical offices on the second floor. If there is an alteration on the second floor, the requirement is to spend an additional 20% proportional spending on the path of travel supporting this altered space that could include an elevator. [In California, the path of travel obligation for the elevator, whether above or below the valuation threshold, is always limited to 20%, similar to ADA.] So unless it is a substantial alteration where the 20% additional expenditure can buy an elevator, the 20% proportional spending will be for other upgrades to the path of travel. Of course, one can always choose to make the facility more accessible than the minimum requirements. If the space is to be used by a public agency, it may be required in order to have them as a tenant. One additional note: Even if other levels do not have elevator access, they are still required to make each element on those levels accessible. ▪▪ Elevators have complex requirements and are to comply with ASME A17.1 [and Title 8 of the CA Code of Regulations]—items listed below are a partial summary [per CBC] ▪▪ In new buildings greater than 10,000 SF per any floor, a vertical accessible route is to be provided within 200 LF of each stair or escalator if elevators are required per CBC

▪▪ A pedestrian ramp or lift can be used instead of an elevator for a connection as an accessible route ▪▪ Elevators (and ramps) are not required in privately funded two-story buildings or buildings with less than 3,000 SF per story, unless the building has offices of a healthcare provider or is a shopping center with retail on the 2nd floor (with a few other exceptions)

Note  ADAS defines a shopping center as having five or more retail establishments [whereas the CBC defines a shopping center as having a minimum of one retail establishment]

▪▪ Dedicated freight elevators do not need to be accessible, but if they are used both for freight and passengers, then they do need to comply and be accessible per CBC ▪▪ Elevators and ramps are not required to connect one-story buildings to their mezzanine in buildings that are exempt from the elevator requirements; if a building does have an elevator (or ramp), it is required to connect to the mezzanine level, if it exists CBC Note The intent of the CBC is to provide an accessible route in one-story buildings connecting to the mezzanine, regardless of whether or not the building meets the elevator exception—but this is a matter of interpretation, since currently it is not clearly stated in

▪▪ Elevators are required in public buildings [with the exception of connecting to stories having an occupant load of 5 or less with no public use spaces] [regardless of the occupant load per CBC] ▪▪ If not all existing elevators are compliant, the compliant elevator is to be identified with an ISA [and the location and directions to the compliant elevator are to be posted in the lobby with a visual sign including an ISA per CBC]

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Elevator Lobby & Landing Area

127

▪ If elements of an existing elevator are altered, all elevators responding to the same hall call control are also similarly altered

▪ Call controls are either buttons or keypads which are raised [or flush and existing can be recessed] [with square shoulders per CBC]

▪ Car landing sill areas are to have a minimum of 5 foot candles for lighting

▪ Call buttons or keypads are located within compliant reach range measured to the centerline of the highest button [and existing buttons can be at 54" AFF] [per CBC]

Hall Signals  ▪ Hall signals are both visual and audible, located at each hoistway entry, and visible from the hall control buttons indicating which car is answering the call along with its direction of travel, [except the car travel direction is not required for existing elevators] [which is required for existing buildings per CBC]

elevator Hall Call Controls centerline of the top hall call control button is within reach range from a forward or side approach

▪ Both audible signals and annunciators are to be between 10-80 dB above ambient measured at the hall call buttons, [except for existing elevators] [including existing elevators per CBC]

▪ The visible signal is 2½" minimum vertically [and 2½" minimum wide per CBC]

80"

▪ Visible signals are centered 72" minimum AFF and are visible from the hall call controls, [except for existing elevators] [including existing buildings per CBC]

call buttons are internally illuminated with a white light over the full surface

CL 48" max

▪ Audible signals sound once for up and twice for down, with a frequency of 1500 Hz maximum, or have a verbal annunciator saying Up and Down with a frequency between 300-3000 Hz

▪ Call buttons are ¾" minimum, except for existing, with the up button on top and the down on bottom and raised [1⁄32]" [minimum] [⅛" ± 1⁄32" above the surrounding surface per CBC]

elevator Visual Hall Signals Provide a 30" x 48" clr flr space in front of the hall call controls preferably to a height of 80" creating a volume with no protruding or recessed objects

▪ Call buttons have visible signals indicating when a call is registered and extinguished when answered, [except for existing elevators] [and are internally illuminated with a white light over the entire surface per CBC]

Call Controls  ▪ Provide a level clear floor space in front of the controls of 30" × 48", preferably with a volume of 80" AFF, without any recessed or protruding obstructions

128 VerticAl Access

▪ Controls are operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist with an operating force of 5 lbs. maximum ▪ If keypads are provided, they are in a standard telephonic keypad arrangement with a raised dot on the number 5 button, along with other size requirements

Hoistway Jamb Signs  ▪ Floor designations are located on both jambs for each elevator and are located within 48" to 60" AFF to the baselines of the highest and lowest rows of tactile characters [with white on a black background per CBC] ▪ Floor designations are 2" [minimum] height raised characters with Braille below [per CBC] ▪ The on-grade level has a tactile star on both jambs with the word Main below in Braille in addition to the floor number in raised characters with its corresponding Braille below ; [the star is placed to the left of the floor designation with points of equal length per CBC]

Hoistway Jamb Signs

Elevator Doors  ▪ Elevator hoistway and car doors are automatic and horizontally sliding only ▪ Reopening devices are located at 5" and 29" AFF to sense an obstruction without requiring physical contact and remain effective for 20 seconds minimum, with the exception of existing elevators with manually operated doors ▪ Doors remain fully open in response to a call for a minimum of [3 seconds] [5 seconds per CBC] ▪ The time from when the signal notifies that a car is answering a call until the doors start to close is 5 seconds minimum depending upon the distance the call controls are located from the centerline of the elevator doors ▪ Centered doors provide a 42" minimum clear opening and off-centered doors have 36" minimum clear, with the latter having a ⅝" tolerance

eleVAtor lobby & lAnding AreA

129

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  206.2.3 excep Accessible Routes – Where Required – Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities 206.2.4 Spaces and Elements 206.6.1 Elevators – Existing Elevators 216.7 Signs – Elevators 308 Reach Ranges 309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 407.1 Elevators – General 407.2 Elevator Landing Requirements 407.2.1 Call Controls 407.2.1.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space 407.2.1.6 Keypads 407.2.2 Hall Signals 407.2.3 Hoistway Signs 407.3 Elevator Door Requirements 407.4.1 Elevator Car Requirements 407.4.5 Illumination 407.4.7.2 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls – Keypads 703.4.1 Signs – Installation Height and Location – Height Above Finish Floor or Ground 

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 202 Definitions 11B-206.2.3 excep Accessible Routes – Where Required – Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities ­ 11B-206.2.3.2 Distance to Elevators 11B-206.2.4 Spaces and Elements 11B-206.6 Elevators 11B-206.6.1 Existing Elevators 11B-216.7 Signs – Elevators 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-308 Reach Ranges 11B-309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 11B-407.1 Elevators – General 11B-407.1.1 Combined Passenger and Freight Elevators 11B-407.2 Elevator Landing Requirements 11B-407.2.1 Call Controls 11B-407.2.1.6 Keypads 11B-407.2.2 Hall Signals 11B-407.2.3 Hoistway Signs 11B-407.3 Elevator Door Requirements 11B-407.4.5 Illumination

Advisory 105.2.2 ASME Advisory 206.2.3 Multi-Story Buildings and Facilities Advisory 407.2.1.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space

11B-407.4.7.2 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls – Keypads 11B-703.4.1 Signs – Installation Height and Location – Height Above Finish Floor or Ground 

ASME Sources:  ASME A17.1-2000 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators ASME A17.1a-2002 Addenda and ASME A17.1b2003 Addenda

130 Vertical Access

Advisory 11B-407.1 General

Elevator Car General Notes  ▪▪ Elevators have complex requirements and are to comply with ASME A17.1 [and Title 8 of the CA Code of Regulations]—items listed below are a partial summary [per CBC] ▪▪ Floor surface inside the car is level, stable, firm, and slip-resistant, with ½" maximum carpet pile height, if carpet exists ▪▪ Illumination level for car controls, platforms, and car thresholds is a minimum of 5 foot candles

▪▪ Existing elevators are considered accessible if they have [16 SF minimum of clear floor space with 54" minimum in depth by 36" minimum in width] [18 SF minimum of clear floor space with 54" minimum in depth by 48" minimum in width, if it is technically infeasible to alter due to shaft configuration per CBC]

Elevator Car Door Locations 80" min clr

▪▪ An emergency two-way communication system is provided and is within compliant reach range with tactile symbols and characters [in white on a black background per CBC] ▪▪ Provide a smooth support rail located on a minimum of one wall at a height of 31" to 33" AFF to the top, providing 1½" minimum clear from the wall surface and 6" maximum from adjacent walls per CBC

54" min clr

▪▪ Each car has a self-leveling feature which automatically brings and maintains the car to within ½" of the floor landings whether or not the car is loaded

51" min clr

▪▪ The clearance between the car platform sill and the edge of the hoistway landing has a maximum space of 1¼"

locate car control panel in either location

42" min

Centered

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Elevator Car

131

Other Car Configurations

Car Control Panels  ▪▪ Car control panels are located at 48" maximum AFF to the top of the highest operable part, or if there are more than 16 openings then 54" with a parallel approach—existing elevators with a parallel approach can also be at 54" ▪▪ If a new accessible panel is provided in an existing elevator, an additional existing non-accessible panel can remain operational ▪▪ Floor designation buttons have visible indicators to show when a call has been registered and extinguishes when the car arrives ▪▪ Emergency control buttons are 35" minimum AFF to the centerline and are grouped at the bottom of the car control panel along with the emergency alarm ▪▪ Buttons have a minimum diameter of ¾" in ascending order and are raised [flush, or recessed if existing]; if there are two columns it reads from left to right; [buttons are raised ⅛" ± 1⁄32" above the control panel surface with ⅜" minimum space between the rows per CBC] ▪▪ Buttons are illuminated with square shoulders and activated by mechanical motion per CBC ▪▪ Car control buttons are identified by tactile characters—raised characters or tactile symbols that are located to the left with Braille immediately below [or adjacent], and a 1⁄16" minimum space between [per CBC] ▪▪ Raised characters or symbols are placed to the left of the car control buttons at a minimum height of ⅝", with white characters or symbols on a black background, and raised 1⁄32" minimum above the surface per CBC ▪▪ Visual and tactile characters are not required to comply with height requirements for elevator car controls ▪▪ Keypads, if they exist, have a standard telephone keypad arrangement with a raised dot on the number 5 key of .118" to .120" for the base diameter ▪▪ The button for the on-grade entry level has the floor designation in Braille and raised characters, as well as a tactile star to the left with the word Main in Braille below

132 Vertical Access

▪▪ Control buttons for emergency stop, alarm, door open/close, main entry floor, and emergency twoway communication are identified by tactile symbols and Braille, and are within reach range

Car Position Indicators  ▪▪ Car floor position indicators are both visual and audible ▪▪ Visual characters are a minimum height of ½", located above the car control panel or above the door, and illuminate along with the floor designation button numbers when the car stops at or passes a floor

▪▪ An audible indicator is a verbal annunciator announcing the floor where the car is about to stop and is 10 dB minimum to 80 dB maximum above ambient, with a frequency of 300 Hz to 3000 Hz maximum ▪▪ Elevators rated at 200 feet per minute or less can have a non-verbal audible signal instead with 1500 Hz maximum, which sounds as the car is passing or about to stop on a floor

Elevator Car

133

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 308 Reach Ranges 407.1 Elevators – General 407.4 Elevator Car Requirements 407.4.5 Illumination 407.4.6 Elevator Car Controls 407.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls 407.4.7.1 Buttons 407.4.7.1.3 Symbols

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-308 Reach Ranges 11B-407.1 Elevators – General 11B-407.4 Elevator Car Requirements 11B-407.4.5 Illumination 11B-407.4.6 Elevator Car Controls 11B-407.4.7 Designations and Indicators of Car Controls 11B-407.4.7.1 Buttons 11B-407.4.7.1.3 Symbols

407.4.7.2 Keypads 407.4.8 Car Position Indicators 407.4.9 Emergency Communication 703.2 Signs – Raised Characters 703.3.2 excep Braille – Position 703.4.1 excep Installation Height and Location – Height Above Finished Floor or Ground 703.5.6 excep Visual Characters – Height From Finished Floor or Ground

11B-407.4.7.1.5 Button Spacing 11B-407.4.7.2 Keypads 11B-407.4.8 Car Position Indicators 11B-407.4.9 Emergency Communication 11B-407.4.10 Support Rail 11B-703.2 Signs ­– Raised Characters 11B-703.3.2 excep Braille – Position

708 Two-Way Communication Systems 

11B-703.4.1 excep Height Above Finished Floor or Ground

Advisory 105.2.2 ASME

11B-703.5.6 excep Height From Finished Floor or Ground 

US Access Board Technical Guide Sources: Chapter 4: Elevators and Platform Lifts 407.4.6 Car Controls

ASME Sources:  ASME A17.1 (2000) Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators including A17.1a (2002) and A17.1b (2003) Addenda

134 Vertical Access

Advisory 11B-403.6 Handrails

CA Code of Regulations Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) Title 8

Platform Lifts—Non-Enclosed Runway General Notes  ▪▪ Platform lifts are to comply with ASME A18.1 (1999 or 2003 edition) in conjunction with other applicable codes [including Title 8 Section 3142.1 and Sections 3094.2(d), (e), (g), and (p) of the California Code of Regulations per CBC] ▪▪ Lifts are not attendant-operated and provide for unassisted entry and exit into and from the lift ▪▪ Inclined stairway chairlifts without platforms are not compliant ▪▪ The travel distance for the vertical rise is 5' maximum, 2' maximum for courtroom lifts, and 14' for enclosed lifts per ASME ▪▪ Vertical and inclined platform lifts and inclined stairway lifts are required to have 80" minimum height clearance to be considered part of an accessible route ▪▪ The clearance between the platform sill and the edge of the runway landing has a maximum space of 1¼" ▪ Landing size is a minimum of 60" × 60" for new construction and is considered part of an accessible route per CBC ▪▪ Emergency lighting is .2 foot candles for 4 hours minimum per ASME ▪▪ Locate a visual sign at each landing and within the platform enclosure itself with an ISA and stating No Freight with letters of a minimum height of [¼"] [⅝" with non-glare surfaces and contrasting background at 40" height AFF] per ASME [and CBC]

Lifts & Accessible Routes  ▪▪ Lifts are a permitted component for an accessible route for a number of uses, including but not limited to the following list: access to performance areas, speaker platforms, judicial areas, access to incidental spaces not for public use occupied by 5 people maximum, existing buildings, play areas, and to provide access where exterior site constraints make use of a ramp or elevator infeasible— in the latter case this can be an interior lift ▪▪ Lifts can also be part of an accessible route for assembly wheelchair positions dispersed for viewing and line-of-sight requirements ▪▪ Lifts that are part of an accessible means of egress are provided with stand-by power [or a selfrechargeable battery that provides sufficient power to operate all lift functions for 5 round trips minimum] per ASME [and CBC]

Lift Platforms None of the regulations actually state the minimum required clear floor space inside the lift; instead, they refer to the clear floor space requirements—the 30" × 48" clear floor space increased to 36" × 48" or 30" × 60" depending upon approach. So if the doors are on opposite sides, the clear space is 36" × 48" minimum, since it is enclosed more than 24" deep. If the doors are on adjacent sides, this is a bit more complex; it appears that the clear floor space should be 60" minimum deep by 36" minimum in width—but this latter point is left for interpretation, and the width is limited by the maximum allowable area within the lift itself.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Platform Lifts—Non-Enclosed Runway

135

▪▪ Lift platform enclosure walls are 42" minimum height with courtroom lifts having 36" minimum height per ASME

Platform Lift Clearances 32 min clr 18" min clr on interior per CBC 24" min on exterior per CBC

Lift Mechanism

60" x 60" min clr landing area per CBC

Platform provide 36" x 48" min clr on the lift platform

▪▪ Vertical and incline lift platforms have 36" × 48" minimum clear if doors/ gates are on opposite sides; if doors/ gates are on adjacent sides, the lift increases to 36" × 60" minimum ▪▪ The area inside the lift is 18 SF maximum, 25 SF maximum for courtroom lifts, and 12 SF maximum for inclined platform lifts per ASME ▪▪ A grab rail is provided for the full length on one of the long sides at 34" height per ASME ▪▪ Floor surfaces are level, firm, and slip-resistant, with no level changes and ½" maximum carpet pile height, if carpet exists ▪▪ Lifts have 5 foot candles minimum of illumination on the floor and controls per ASME

Doors on Opposite Walls

32 min clr 18" min clr on interior per CBC

provide 36" x 60" min clr on the lift platform

24" min on exterior per CBC

provide gate pull strike side clearance

Doors on Adjacent Walls 136 Vertical Access

42 min clr

24" min on exterior per CBC

Platform

18" min clr on interior per CBC

Lift Mechanism

60" x 60" min clr landing area per CBC

Lift Controls 

Lift Doors & Gates 

▪▪ The lift call controls are within compliant range from a 30" × 48" level clear floor space with a maximum slope of 1:48 (2.083%), having one full side adjoining another clear floor space or accessible route—the lift door cannot overlap the minimum required clear floor space

▪▪ Platform lifts have low-energy power-operated doors or gates complying with ANSI/BHMA A156.19 (1997 or 2002 edition)

▪▪ An emergency stop switch marked Stop and Run, an alarm button marked Alarm, and a phone or intercom system are the only controls located within the lift and meet the requirements for reach range

▪▪ Lift doors have the required strike side clearances, dependent upon approach

▪▪ All controls are operable with one hand with 5 lbs. maximum operating force; do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; and are within reach range

▪▪ A clear width of 32" minimum is provided in both power-on and power-off modes for end doors and 42" minimum clear for side doors

▪▪ The door is a minimum height of 42" and 36" minimum height for courtroom lifts per ASME ▪▪ Doors or gates are low-energy doors, are to remain open a minimum of 20 seconds, and are self-closing ▪▪ Lifts serving two landings with doors on opposite sides can have self-closing manual doors or gates

Platform Lifts—Non-Enclosed Runway

137

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  105.2.2 ASME 206.7 Accessible Routes – Platform Lifts 206.7.1 Performance Areas and Speakers’ Platforms 206.7.2 Wheelchair Spaces 206.7.3 Incidental Spaces 206.7.4 Judicial Spaces 206.7.5 Existing Site Constraints 207.2 Accessible Means of Egress – Platform Lifts 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 303 Changes in Level 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 309 Operable Parts 404.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates 404.3.5 Controls 410 Platform Lifts  Advisory 206.7.5 Existing Site Constraints Advisory 410.1 General

US Access Board Technical Guide Sources: Chapter 4: Elevators and Platform Lifts 410.6 Doors and Gates

ANSI/BHMA Sources:  ANSI/BHMA 156.19 (1997 or 2002) Power Assist and Low Energy Doors

ASME Sources:  ASME A18.1 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts Advisory 105.2.2 ASME

138 Vertical Access

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-206.7 Accessible Routes – Platform Lifts 11B-206.7.1 Performance Areas and Speakers’ Platforms 11B-206.7.2 Wheelchair Spaces 11B-206.7.3 Incidental Spaces 11B-206.7.4 Judicial Spaces 11B-206.7.5 Existing Site Constraints 11B-207.2 Accessible Means of Egress – Platform Lifts 11B-302 Floor and Ground Surfaces 11B-303 Changes in Level 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-404.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Automatic and Power-Assisted Doors and Gates 11B-404.3.5 Controls 11B-410 Platform Lifts 11B-703.5 Signs – Visual Characters  Advisory 11B-410.8 Restriction Signs

Chapter 4

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

Architectural Elements  There are a countless number of different building elements, each with its own parameters, all of which are connected by an accessible route. The requirements are not only for the item itself but also for the way it relates to the facility as a whole. Whether furnishing or cabinetry, drinking fountains or sinks, machines or telephones, signage or kitchens, all are overlaid with their own requirements relating to reach ranges, clear floor space, and other parameters. This chapter reviews a number of these elements in terms of their technical and scoping requirements to better increase our language for compliant implementation.

Counters – Check-Out, Food, Sales, & Service General Notes ▪▪ Components required to be accessible are adjacent to a compliant clear floor space, within compliant reach ranges, and operable with one hand without requiring tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; and the force to operate the controls is 5 lbs. maximum NOTE  Counters over 34" AFF cannot have items located on the back wall and be within compliant side reach range

▪▪ Queues and aisles leading to accessible sales, service, or check-out counters are a minimum of 36" clear width, and if applicable, comply with accessible route clearances for 180° turns around an element [if the aisle is serving two sides, provide 44" minimum clear width per CBC] ▪▪ Shelves and self-service displays in retail, libraries, and similar places, are located on an accessible route but are not required to be within compliant reach ranges, with the exception of food service for selfservice tableware and condiment areas, where 50% of each item with one minimum is within reach range ▪▪ One minimum of each vending machine type that is located in an area is accessible, with a compliant clear floor space, and controls within compliant reach range, operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, and with 5 lbs. maximum operating force

▪▪ All Point-of-Sale (POS) devices are operable with one hand requiring a maximum operating force of 5 lbs. without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; if located at an accessible sales, service, or checkout counter, the device is also located within reach range, and has a clear floor space in front per CBC ▪▪ If the POS has a clear or correct key provided, then each operable part is not required to be differentiated by sound or touch without activation; and if there is a video touch screen, then it also has a tactile numerical keypad per CBC ▪▪ All screen characters used on a POS device are a sans serif font that is a minimum height of 3/₁₆" and contrast with their background per CBC

Check-Out Aisles & Counters  ▪▪ If all check-out counters are not accessible, provide an ISA on the accessible counters at the same location as the aisle identification, if one exists, [of 4" × 4" minimum per CBC] ▪▪ Counter height is a maximum of 38" AFF with edge protection 2" maximum above the counter surface on the aisle side Note  If the check-out counter is greater than 34" AFF, then any items located on the back wall are not within side reach range

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 139

▪▪ If check-writing surfaces are provided at accessible check-out counters, the writing surface is located at 28" to 34" AFF ▪▪ The required number of accessible check-out counters is dependent upon the number that are open at any given time at each function area—with one minimum required for 1 to 4 aisles in the same function area; 2 if there are 5 to 8 aisles at each function; 3 for 9 to 15 aisles; and 3 + 20% if 16 or more aisles are open at the same time in each function area ▪▪ Selling spaces under 5,000 SF require a minimum of one accessible check-out counter [for existing buildings only per CBC] ▪▪ Check-out counters are located adjacent to an accessible walking surface a minimum width of 36" clear [if one-sided and 44" if two-sided per CBC]

Check-Out Aisle & Counter – 38" Maximum Height

38"

2" max

items located at the back of the check-out aisle counter can not be within side reach range if the counter or lip is greater than 34" AFF

aisle

36" min if one-sided 44" min if 2-sided aisle per CBC

Sales & Service Counters  ▪▪ Provide one minimum accessible counter for each type of sales or service counter, such as orders, pick-up, returns, express, check-in, concierge, or information ▪▪ If the counters are dispersed, then accessible counters are also dispersed ▪▪ If a cash register is provided at a sales or service counter, the accessible counter portion is preferably located near the register ▪▪ Counter surface height for the accessible portion is [36"] [34"] maximum AFF [per CBC] 140 Architectural Elements 

NOTE Whether you have a reception counter in an office, a reservation counter at a restaurant, a sales counter in a store, or a check-in counter at a hotel, it does need to be accessible. Since a project consisting only of cabinetry does not require a building permit, the business owner is responsible and often relies upon the cabinetry fabricator to make the counter compliant. After all, they do specialize in this, right? To make a surface compliant should be relatively easy, but to understand how many accessible counters are needed, and where they are located, is more involved. What most people do not understand is that not only must the accessible portion of the counter be clear of all items, but a clear floor space in front must also be provided. This is well beyond the fabricator's responsibility. The accessible counter is a maximum height of 36" (or 34" in California) and a minimum width of 36" for the full depth, with a clear floor space in of 30" x 48" running parallel to the counter. Both the counter and the clear floor space are to always remain clear of items. Fabricators are often not aware of this criterion, which depends upon installation and use. So what do you need?

•• Provide one minimum accessible counter for each

type of sales or service, such as orders, pick-up, returns, cash vs. credit card payment, express, etc. •• Disperse accessible counters throughout the store if other counters are also dispersed •• Preferably locate the accessible counter portion near the cash register, if a cash register is provided •• If a clear depth of 17" to 25" is provided below, by a minimum width of 30" [(19" to 25" deep by 36" wide per CBC)] for knee/toe clearance, then a clear floor space for front approach can be provided instead of parallel approach If all counters are 34" maximum above the finished floor, you do not need to lower a specific portion; however, you will still need to have a 36" minimum clear width for the full depth on the counter itself and a clear floor space for side approach in front. If the counter is less than 36" wide, such as at a restaurant reservation counter, then the full counter should fall within the height requirements. Also, if stock or other items are placed on the floor near the counter, the clear floor space in front may need to be increased from 48" to 60" wide for side approach.

▪▪ Parallel approach requires the counter surface to have a minimum width of 36" clear for the full depth, with a 30" × 48" clear floor space in front ▪▪ In alterations, if there would be a reduction in the number of work stations, a 24" minimum clear counter surface width is allowed if centered on the clear floor space for parallel approach

▪▪ Forward approach requires the counter surface to be a minimum of [30"] [36"] in clear width for the full depth, with knee and toe clearance below extending [17"] [19"] minimum to 25" maximum with a 30" × 48" clear floor space for forward approach [per CBC]

▪▪ Counters less than 36" in total width require the full counter to be at a maximum height of [36"] [34"] AFF [per CBC] 

Sales & Service Counter – [36" Maximum Height] [34" Maximum Height per CBC] 36" min clr + 36" AFF

15" where occurs

display is less than

+ 34" AFF per CBC

clear transaction counter 30" x 48" clr flr space

• In alterations, if the number of work stations gets reduced by using a 36" clear transaction area, provide 24" min clr centered on the clr flr space • Increase clr flr space to 30" x 60" if displays are more than 15" deep from the front edge of the counter

Parallel Approach 30" min clr

17" to 25"

24" where occurs

display is less than

+ 36" AFF + 34" AFF per CBC

Clear transaction counter

19" to 25" per CBC

36" min per CBC

30" x 48" clr flr space

Increase clr flr space to 36" x 48" if displays are more than 24" deep from the front edge of the counter

Forward Approach Counters – Check-Out, Food, Sales, & Service

141

Food Service Lines & Condiment Counters 

▪▪ If the counter is over 10" deep to 24" maximum, the highest operable part of any dispenser is 46" AFF maximum on the back wall

▪▪ 50% minimum of self-service shelves and dispensing devices, including condiment, beverage, and tableware, have their parts within compliant reach range, with one minimum of each type

▪▪ Provide a minimum of 36" clear for the aisle measured from the front of the tray slide [if serving one side, and 44" minimum if serving two sides per CBC]

▪▪ Condiment counters and tops of food service tray slides are a minimum of 28" to 34" maximum AFF

Food Service & Tableware/Condiment Counters – 34" Maximum Height

46" max

28" min to 34" max

24" max for side reach range

36" min clr if one-sided 44" min if 2-sided aisle per CBC

Food Service Lines

50% with one minimum of each type of item has to be within reach range including its operable parts 28" min to 34" max

46" max

24" max

36" min clr if one-sided 44" min if 2-sided aisle per CBC

Self-Service Tableware & Condiment Counters

142 Architectural Elements 

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:

2016 CBC Sources:

ADA Sources

(Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA)

216.11 Signs – Check-Out Aisles

11B-216.11 Signs – Check-Out Aisles

225.2.2 Storage – Storage – Self-Service Shelving

11B-220.2 Automatic Teller Machines, Fare Machines, and Point-of-Sale Machines – Point-of-Sale Devices

226.1 excep 2 Dining and Work Surfaces – General 227 Sales and Service 227.2 Check-Out Aisles 227.3 Counters 227.4 Food Service Lines 227.5 Queues and Waiting Lines 228.1 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, and Fuel Dispensers – General 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 308 Reach Ranges 308.3 Side Reach 309 Operable Parts 309.4 Operation 403 Walking Surfaces 902.3 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Height 904 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters 904.3 Check-Out Aisles 904.4 Sales and Service Counters 904.5 Food Service Lines  Advisory 902.1 Dining and Work Surfaces

11B-225.2.2 Storage – Self-Service Shelving 11B-226.1 excep 2 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – General 11B-227 Sales and Service 11B-227.2 Check-Out Aisles 11B-227.3 Counters 11B-227.4 Food Service Lines 11B-227.5 Queues and Waiting Lines 11B-228.1 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, Fuel Dispensers, and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations – General 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-306 Knee and Toe Clearance 11B-308 Reach Ranges 11B-308.3 Side Reach 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-309.4 Operation 11B-403 Walking Surfaces 11B-707 Automatic Teller Machines, Fare Machines, and Point-of-Sale Devices 11B-707.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-707.3 Operable Parts 11B-707.7.2 Display Screen – Characters 11B-707.9 Point-of-Sale Devices 11B-902.3 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Height 11B-904 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters 11B-904.3 Check-Out Aisles 11B-904.4 Sales and Service Counters 11B-904.5 Food Service Lines

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

143

Seating At Tables, Bars, & Work Surfaces General Notes 

▪▪ 5% of dining/drinking surfaces are accessible based upon seating and/or standing spaces; these spaces are dispersed throughout the facility [by each type of seating and functional area per CBC]

▪▪ An accessible route leads to all dining and function areas, including raised, sunken, mezzanine, and outdoor dining areas, and within these areas; if there is accessible seating, then provide an accessible route to these accessible seats only

▪▪ A 30" × 48" level clear floor space for forward approach at accessible seating is provided, with one full side adjoining an accessible route or another clear floor space—the seating space cannot be within the circulation path

▪▪ In buildings not requiring an accessible route between stories, an accessible route is not required to a mezzanine dining area if it is less than 25% of the total combined seating and dining area and the decor and service are the same [for alterations only, not new construction per CBC]

▪▪ Table or work surface height is 28" minimum to 34" maximum AFF to the top, with a minimum clear height of 27" for a width of 30" below ▪▪ The clear floor space of 30" × 48" minimum extends [17"][19"] minimum to 25" maximum under the surface with [compliant knee and toe clearance below a volume of 19" minimum deep by 30" minimum wide and 27" minimum height below per CBC]

▪▪ An accessible route is [not] required for alterations to existing raised, sunken, or exterior dining areas [if the decor and services are the same in an accessible space that is integrated per CBC] ▪▪ Aisle width leading to accessible seating is 36" minimum [if serving one side and 44" if two sides per CBC]

▪▪ If seating is provided at a fixed counter or bar, also provide accessible seating at an accessible counter or bar—a loose table cannot be substituted

Table & Work Surface Seating 19" - 25" per CBC 17" - 25" 11"

CBC

28" - 34"

27" min clr

9"

27" min clr per CBC

8"

ADA required knee-toe space below table & work surface

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 144 Architectural Elements 

Bar & Counter Seating

30"x 48" clr flr space

19" - 25" per CBC

+ 34" AFF max

17" - 25"

29" max per CBC*

31" max*

Accessible Route

60" min per CBC • Space provided from the edge of the counter to the accesible route depends upon how deep the knee/toe space is below the counter • Counters and bars greater than 34" AFF have a lowered 60" wide portion at 28" to 34" AFF for a wheelchair & companion seat per CBC

▪▪ If dining/drinking surfaces are greater than 34" AFF, provide a lower 60" wide portion at 34" maximum AFF for each surface needing to meet the 5% requirement, and locate it at the main counter with knee/toe clearance below of 19" minimum deep and a 27" minimum clear height below per CBC ▪▪ Seating requires a forward approach with knee/toe clearance below at tables, counters, or work surfaces

▪▪ If seating is located in an alcove, there is either a minimum of 36", 48", or 60" clear from the table or work surface edge to the seating wall or obstruction, dependent upon approach to the alcove, and the depth provided from the aisle side of the table to the back wall—this presumes the aisle side of the table or work surface is obstructed below by legs or posts 

Table Seating Backed Up to a Wall or Other Obstruction

seat wall

30" min clr

Accessible Route

back wall 60" min

17" - 25" 19" - 25" per CBC

This is similar to a parallel approach in an alcove - since it is deeper than 15" the 30" x 48" clr flr space needs to be increased to 30" x 60"

Parallel Approach for Seating in an Alcove

Seating At Tables, Bars, & Work Surfaces

145

seat wall

48" min clr

Accessible Route

back wall 36" min

17" - 25" 19" - 25" per CBC

If the table has 48" minimum clear to the back wall, a 'T'- shaped manuevering space can be used with 36" minimum clear from the table edge to the seat wall and a portion of the 'T' overlapping with the accessible route

48" min clr

Accessible Route

seat wall

42" or more = 48" to seat wall

36" to less than 42" = 60" from table to seat wall

Parallel Approach for Seating in a Deeper Alcove

back wall 48" or 60" depending upon

17" - 25"

width of accessible route

19" - 25" per CBC

• If the accessible route width is 36" to less than 42" provide 60" from table edge to seat wall • If the accessible route width is 42" or more provide 48" min from table edge to seat wall

U-Turn Approach for Seating in an Alcove 146 Architectural Elements 

NOTE Seating Seating Backed Up to an Aisle

How much space is required for the seating itself? This is not clearly delineated anywhere and requires that some consideration be given to maneuvering space. A wheelchair space takes up 30" x 48" if it is not in an alcove. Tables and counters require a minimum of 17" knee/toe clearance below, up to a maximum of 25". Presuming the minimum dimension of 17", the wheelchair space would stick out 31" beyond the edge of the table/counter. So if the table/counter backs up to an aisle, we know the table edge should be inset 31" minimum from the required aisle width (31" + 17" = 48" for the clear floor space). [California requires a minimum of 2" more under the table/counter—19"—which translates to 29" clear to the aisle, rather than 31".]  Seating Backed Up to a Wall or Other Obstruction

What happens if the seat backs up to a wall or some other obstruction? Presuming that the aisle side of the table is obstructed by a leg or post, there are several things to keep in mind. And do note that a table with a pedestal cannot have the pedestal base within the clear floor or maneuvering space underneath the table. 

Work Surfaces  ▪▪ 5% of work surfaces and study carrels, not for employee use, are to be accessible with a height of 28" to 34" AFF, and are dispersed throughout the space or facility Note  The 5% also applies to employee work surfaces in federal buildings only per ABA

▪▪ Check writing surfaces at accessible check-out aisles are 28" to 34" AFF to the top ▪▪ Baby changing stations are considered a work surface, requiring a height of 28"–34" maximum AFF to the top surface in the open position, and with knee/toe clearance below of 27" minimum AFF for forward approach—the operating mechanism (handle) is also required to be within reach range

Parallel Approach

Assuming the table itself has 30" minimum clear from the aisle towards the back wall, it in essence creates an alcove. For side approach into the alcove, the clear floor space would be 60" from the table edge to the seat wall, by 30" minimum clear below the table from the aisle to the back wall. It would require the full 60" length to be contiguous to the circulation aisle itself. Parallel Approach with a T-Shaped Turning Space

Another situation—if the table has 48" minimum clear from the aisle towards the back wall, with a front approach of 36" clear between the table edge and seat wall, is to provide a T-shaped turning space (60" x 60" with two 12" x 24" notches). The table with 48" minimum from the aisle side towards the back wall will have an extra 12" of turning space for the T located within the aisle itself leading to the seating. The bottom leg of the T would be under the table. In the first option, you would need 60" clear from the table edge to the seat wall/obstruction with a minimum of 30" clear below the table to the back wall. With the second option, the 60" could be reduced to 36" to the seat wall, but a minimum 48" clear below the table to the back wall would be required.  U-Turn Approach

With the second option, you may also need to consider the approach —whether it is a parallel approach or a U-turn from the aisle, which also has requirements of either 48" or 60" deep, depending upon whether the aisle width leading to the table is 36" or 42" minimum. And just note, these dimensions are calculated for one seat only on this side; the table depth will need to increase if the table is to seat more than three people.

Seating At Tables, Bars, & Work Surfaces

147

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  206.2.5 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Restaurants and Cafeterias

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA)

226 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces

11B-206.2.5 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Restaurants, Cafeterias, Banquet Facilities, and Bars

305 Clear Floor or Ground Space

11B-226 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces

305.6 Approach 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 306.2.3 Toe Clearance – Minimum Required Depth 306.3.3 Knee Clearance – Minimum Required Depth 306.3.4 Knee Clearance – Clearance Reduction 403.5 Walking Surfaces – Clearances 902 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces

ABA Sources:  Advisory F226.1 General

148 Architectural Elements 

11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-306 Knee and Toe Clearance 11B-306.2.3 excep 2 Toe Clearance – Minimum Required Depth 11B-306.3.3 excep 2 Knee Clearance – Minimum Required Depth 11B-306.3.4 excep Clearance Reduction 11B-403.5 Walking Surfaces – Clearances 11B-902 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces

Kitchens & Kitchenettes General Notes  ▪▪ Kitchens are defined as a space with cooking elements where food is prepared ▪▪ Kitchens with a cooktop or range are required to have 40" minimum clear if a pass-thru with two entries, or 60" minimum clear if U-shaped, measured from the face of the counter, walls, or appliances, not including the hardware ▪▪ Generally, the ADA only applies to elements that are built in, such as cooktops and ovens. While microwaves can be loose, often they have a dedicated outlet or shelf that meets the requirements of “built in,” and some microwaves are large and remain in a dedicated space as well.

▪▪ Kitchens and kitchenettes are required to have a 60" turning space, whether T-shaped or diameter; a pass-thru kitchen with only 40" clear does not generally require a turning space, since it is presumed you can easily pass-thru to an adjacent space in the same room to turn around ▪▪ Housing at a place of education follows the requirements for transient lodging with an exception that in kitchens, either within housing units or on floors containing mobility feature sleeping rooms, there is a 60" turning space diameter or T-shaped, a work surface with knee/toe clearance centered below adjacent to the oven, and compliance with the other requirements of multi-family dwelling unit kitchens, but unlike residential there is no cabinetry, removable or otherwise, allowed below the sink or work surface

Kitchens, Kitchenettes, & Break Rooms 40" min clr 30" x 48" clr flr space or 36" x 48" if the counter is deeper than 24" R

no cabinetry below sink

DW

work surface with knee/toe clearance below only required for residential dwelling units, student housing sleeping units, & social service center establishments with temporary sleeping accommodations supporting mobility feature units 50% of all shelf storage is required to be accessible & within reach range

Pass-Thru Kitchens | Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Kitchens & Kitchenettes

149

clear floor space for refrigerator

R loose coffee maker

clear floor space for counter clear floor space for dishwasher

DW

clear floor space for front approach at sink

Only one of each type of storage is required to be accessible & within reach range

Common & Public Space Break Rooms with No Built-In Cooking Elements

150 Architectural Elements 

Cabinetry  ▪▪ 50% of the shelf storage space is to be within compliant reach range from a clear floor space located in front

▪▪ Wall cabinets located over a 34" high base cabinet have the front edge of the shelf at 46" AFF maximum to be within side reach range or, if the front edge extends to within 10" of the front of the base cabinet, it can be located at 48" AFF

Kitchen Storage

Kitchens & Kitchenettes

151

Generally, the reach range for cabinetry is measured to the front of the shelf or the pull hardware on a pull-out shelf. When calculating the 50% requirement of the overall shelving within reach range, shelving is typically measured as a linear length along the front edge of the cabinet. Consider providing pull-out shelves with full extensions for the base cabinets to provide more storage within reach range, and use a surface area calculation overall rather than a linear length calculation. Note that the Federal Access Board has interpreted drawer space as equivalent to shelf storage space. If you use their interpretation, include the drawers in your overall calculation. If the drawer pull hardware is within reach range, you can include that drawer as part of the 50% within reach range, even if the bottom of the drawer is below 15".

152 Architectural Elements 

▪▪ If the counter depth is greater than 24", the clear floor space under the sink and work surface counters will need to increase in clear width from 30" to 36" ▪▪ Cabinetry that is easily removable below the sink is only an option for residential dwelling units and social service center sleeping accommodations, and only if the floor, surrounding walls, and cabinetry surfaces are finished

NOTE Sinks located in kitchens or kitchenettes are required to have knee-toe clearance below—the exception of removable cabinetry is for residential dwelling units only. If there is no built-in cook-top or range, then a side approach to the sink is acceptable; therefore cabinetry can be placed under the sink, and the sink can be accessed with a side approach. This presumes there is another type of cooking element, such as a built-in convection oven or large microwave with a dedicated outlet, since having a cooking element is what defines a kitchen. This would still be considered a kitchen requiring 50% of the shelf storage space to be within reach range.

▪▪ If there are no cooking elements, only one minimum of each type of storage is required to be accessible and within compliant reach range ▪▪ Work surfaces are located adjacent to the oven, if exists, and are only required in kitchens supporting mobility feature residential dwelling units, mobility feature student housing sleeping rooms, and social service center establishments supporting mobility feature sleeping accommodations

If you have an employee break room, or a similar common or public space, with no cooking elements, the sink is required to have front approach with knee/toe clearance below. Since this is not defined as a kitchen, only one of each type of storage is required to be within reach range.

Ranges, Cooktops, & Ovens Clear Floor Space cooktops & ranges have their controls located in front or positioned so it does not require reaching across burners

clear floor space for cooktop or range

A work surface adjacent is not required unless it is in a mobility feature dwelling unit, supporting a mobility feature student housing sleeping room, or supporting mobility feature sleeping accommodations in a social service center establishment

Sinks  ▪▪ If there is no built-in cooktop or range provided, the sink can have a parallel approach ▪▪ Wet bars can have a parallel approach ▪▪ Sinks have a clear floor space with knee/toe clearance below of 27" minimum AFF for forward approach and a depth of [17"][19"] to 25" [per CBC] ▪▪ Sinks require a 30" wide clear floor space below, but if the counter is greater than 24" deep, this clear space will need to increase to a minimum width of 36"—there is no requirement to center the clear floor space on the sink

▪▪ The overflow drain is not considered an intrusion into the knee/toe clearance under the sink, but a garbage disposal would be an intrusion if located within the required knee/toe clearance ▪▪ Multi-bowl sinks only require knee/toe clearance under one bowl ▪▪ Cover all rough edges, and cover or insulate all water supply and drain pipes under the sink to prevent contact ▪▪ Sink rims and counters are to be a maximum of 34" AFF

Kitchens & Kitchenettes

153

Sinks in Kitchens with a Built-In Cooking Element

27" min clr

34" max

finish the floor, inside face of cabinet, & back wall for front approach

Side View

counter depth

25" max

19" min per CBC

17" min

provide 36" x 48" clr floor space with knee-toe clearance below for front approach if the counter is greater than 24" deep

provide 30" x 48" clr floor space with knee-toe clearance below for front approach if the counter is 24" maximum in depth provide 30" x 48" clr floor space for side approach if the cooking elements do not include a cooktop or range

Plan View ▪▪ Faucets are operable with one hand and require 5 lbs. maximum operating force without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; or the controls can be electronic if it remains open for 10 seconds minimum ▪▪ If the kitchen is a large kitchen with a number of sinks, such as in a culinary teaching room, 5% with one minimum are required to be accessible

154 Architectural Elements 

▪▪ Adjustable-height sinks at 29" to 36" to the top are allowed in mobility feature dwelling units and in social service center establishment mobility sleeping accommodations, if the rough-in plumbing allows supply and drain pipe connections to a sink mounted at a 29" height ▪▪ Only multi-family mobility feature dwelling units and social service center establishment mobility sleeping accommodations are allowed to have cabinetry under the sink if it is removable without removing the sink, and if the floor, wall, and cabinets below are finished

Appliances  ▪▪ Each appliance has a clear floor space in front, which can overlap with another clear floor space ▪▪ Appliances are operable with one hand and require 5 lbs. maximum operating force without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, with the exception of appliance doors and latching devices

▪▪ If a forward approach is provided at cooktops, provide compliant knee/toe clearance below; the underside of the appliance is insulated to prevent contact and heat transfer ▪▪ The controls for operating ranges and cooktops are in a location that does not require reaching across burners ▪▪ Oven controls are located on the front panel

▪▪ All operable parts are within compliant reach range with the exception of bottom-hinged appliance doors in the open position

▪▪ Combination refrigerator/freezers are required to have a minimum of half of the freezer space at 54" maximum AFF

▪▪ The dishwasher clear floor space is adjacent rather than in front—when the dishwasher door is in the open position, it cannot obstruct its own clear floor space or the clear floor space of the sink

▪▪ Refrigerator/freezers require a clear floor space for parallel approach where the centerline of the clear floor space is offset 24" maximum from the center of the refrigerator space

Dishwasher & Sink Clear Floor Space DW

sink clr flr space

dishwasher clr flr space Clear floor space is only required under one bowl of a multi-bowl sink

Refrigerator Clear Floor Space CL

centerline of the space for the refrigerator

R

24" max offset

CL

centerline of the clear floor space Kitchens & Kitchenettes

155

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  212.3 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Sinks 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 309 Operable Parts 606.2 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space 606.2 excep Clear Floor Space 606.3 Height 606.4 Faucets 606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces 804 Kitchens and Kitchenettes 804.2 Clearance 804.3 Kitchen Work Surface 804.4 Sinks 804.5 Storage 804.6 Appliances 804.6.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space 804.6.2 Operable Parts 804.6.3 Dishwasher 804.6.4 Range or Cooktop 804.6.5 Oven 804.6.6 Refrigerator/Freezer 811 Storage

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources: 

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 202 Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education 11B-212.3 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, Wet Bars, and Sinks – Sinks 11B-233.3.6 Residential Facilities – Public Housing Facilities – Graduate Student and Faculty Housing at a Place of Education 11B-306 Knee and Toe Clearance 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-606.2 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space 11B-606.2 excep 1, 3 Clear Floor Space 11B-606.3 Height 11B-606.4 Faucets 11B-606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces 11B-606.7 Sink Depth 11B-804 Kitchens, Kitchenettes and Wet Bars 11B-804.2 Clearance 11B-804.3 Kitchen Work Surface 11B-804.4 Sinks 11B-804.5 Storage 11B-804.6 Appliances 11B-804.6.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-804.6.2 Operable Parts

Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.104 Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education

11B-804.6.3 Dishwasher

Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.151(f) New Construction and Alterations - Housing at a Place of Education

11B-804.6.5 Oven

Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.104 Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.406(e) Standards for New Construction and Alterations ­– Housing at a Place of Education

156 Architectural Elements 

11B-804.6.4 Range or Cooktop 11B-804.6.6 Refrigerator/Freezer 811 Storage

Drinking Fountains General Notes 

▪▪ High drinking fountains have spout outlets for standing persons at a minimum height of 38" to 43" maximum AFF—there are no other requirements for a high fountain except for protection as a protruding object [and located within the protected area as delineated for a drinking fountain later in this section per CBC]

▪▪ If drinking fountains are provided, two minimum in each area are provided with 50% accessible— one minimum high and one low, either as a single high-low unit or two separate units—an odd number can be rounded up or down with the exception of detention or correctional facilities serving holding or housing cells not required to be accessible

▪▪ Provide a 30" × 48" level clear space centered on the low drinking fountain, or 36" × 48" if alcove is greater than 24" deep for forward approach along an accessible route

Low Drinking Fountain 32" min per CBC

18" - 19" per CBC

17" min

18" to 25" per CBC *

17" - 25"

CL 15" min clr

30" x 48" clr floor space centered on low drinking fountain OR 36" x 48" if alcove is deeper than 24" If the drinking fountain is cantilevered 19" from a post or wall, the alcove depth is required to be 19" min deep per CBC

Combination High-Low Drinking Fountain varies

eq

eq

18" - 19" per CBC

18" to 25" per CBC

17" - 25"

CL 15" min clr

30" x 48" clr floor space centered on low drinking fountain OR 36" x 48" if alcove is deeper than 24" | Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Drinking Fountains

157

▪ Toe clearance is 30" wide from 0" to 9" AFF and a minimum depth of 17" from the front and 6" maximum beyond the lowest point of the knee clearance ▪ Knee clearance is 30" wide from 9" to 27" AFF and the depth at 9" AFF is 11" minimum tapering to 8" minimum deep at 27" AFF ▪ The 48" deep level clear floor space can go underneath the low drinking fountain [17"] [18"] minimum to [25"][19"] maximum [per CBC] ▪ The clear floor space has one full unobstructed side adjoining an accessible route or another clear floor space NOTE If the bottom of the drinking fountain is exactly 27" AFF it is not considered a protruding object but if it is greater than 27" AFF it can protrude 4" maximum into the circulation route without a cane detectable barrier, wing walls, or placing the fountain completely within an alcove. California requires drinking fountains to always be protected and not protrude into the circulation path.

▪▪ Both the high and low drinking fountains are located in a protected area within an alcove, between wing walls, or positioned not to encroach into the circulation route per CBC

Combination Hi-Low Drinking Fountain – Side View

▪▪ The protected area is the same depth as the drinking fountain with a minimum depth of 18" and a minimum clear width of 32" for a single unit – if the wing wall is cantilevered off of the back wall, it starts no higher than 6" AFF per CBC ▪▪ Cantilevered drinking fountains protrude a minimum of 18" to 19" maximum from the back wall or post per CBC

Controls & Spouts  ▪▪ Controls are operable with one hand and do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist with 5 lbs. maximum force; lever-operated, push-type, and electronically controlled are compliant ▪▪ The activator is either front- or side-mounted within 6" of the front edge or an electronically controlled device per CBC ▪▪ Spout outlets are located a maximum of 5" from the front edge and 15" minimum from the support at the back of the unit, [although wall- and postmounted drinking fountains have an 18" to 19"cantilever per CBC] ▪▪ If the spout is located less than 3" from the front of the unit, the water stream angle is 30° maximum measured horizontally from the front face of the unit, and if the spout is 3" to 5" from the front face of the unit, the angle is 15° maximum ▪▪ Low spout outlets are 36" maximum AFF with an additional 4" minimum height water flow

17"-25" 18" - 25" per CBC 18" - 19" per CBC

5" max 15" min 4" min ht water flow from centerline of spigot typ

158 Architectural Elements 

Required knee-toe space below

9"

27" min clr

CL 36" max

CL

38" to 43" for standing persons

centerline of spigot

8" 11" 6"

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  211 Drinking Fountains 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 305.6 Approach 305.7 Maneuvering Clearance 305.7.1 Forward Approach 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 307.2 Protruding Object – Protrusion Limits 309 Operable Parts 602 Drinking Fountains

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-211 Drinking Fountains 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-305.7 Maneuvering Clearance 11B-305.7.1 Forward Approach 11B-306 Knee and Toe Clearance 11B-307.2 Protruding Object – Protrusion Limits 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-602 Drinking Fountains

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

159

Common Use Plumbing Fixtures Common Use Sink  ▪▪ Provide 5% with one minimum accessible sink for each type in each accessible room or space, with the exception of mop and service sinks [and scullery and scrub sinks per CBC] ▪▪ Provide a 30" × 48" level clear space in front of the sink for front approach with compliant knee and toe clearance below the sink ▪▪ If front approach is required, provide a 48" deep clear floor space with a [17"][19"] minimum portion of that space to 25" maximum underneath the sink [per CBC] ▪▪ Parallel approach is allowed at wet bars, sinks in a kitchen space with no built-in cooktop or range, mop and service sinks, [and scullery and scrub sinks per CBC]

Parallel Approach to Sinks

▪▪ With a forward approach having knee/toe clearance below, accessories, outlets, and switches located on the back wall are 44" maximum AFF to the highest operable part, if the counter depth is greater than 20" up to 25", and cannot be located on the back wall if the face of the operable part is deeper than 25" from the front edge of the counter Note  Be aware, that in order to reach the back wall or an item at the back of the counter, knee-toe clearance is to be provided at a minimum of the same depth below as the desired reach above, with 25" minimum

▪▪ With parallel approach, if the counter is a maximum height of 34" AFF and the reach depth is more than 10" up to 24" deep, then accessories, outlets, and switches can be located on the back wall at 46" maximum AFF ▪▪ Multi-bowl sinks require knee and toe clearance under one bowl only

Faucets  ▪▪ Faucets are operable with one hand without requiring tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, and are within reach range provide a parallel approach of 30" x 48" clr floor space at sinks in kitchens with no built-in cooktop or range, at mop and service sinks, and scullery & scrub sinks per CBC

▪▪ The clear floor space has one full unobstructed side adjoining an accessible route or another clear floor space ▪▪ All drain and water supply pipes under the sink need to be insulated or covered with a boot or shield to protect against contact ▪▪ All sharp and abrasive surfaces under the sink need to be covered to protect against contact ▪ ▪Top of the sink rim or counter is 34" maximum AFF

▪ Electronically controlled faucets and lever-operated or push-type faucets are compliant with a maximum force of 5 lbs. Hand-operated metering faucets are to remain ▪  open 10 seconds minimum

Washing Machines & Dryers  ▪ All parts operate with one hand and do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist with a maximum operating force of 5 lbs. ▪ All controls, including lint screens, soap/bleach compartment dispensers, and coin or payment slots, are located within compliant reach range ▪▪ Where three or less washing machines are provided, one minimum has a compliant clear floor space in front, with all controls accessible and within reach range, and if more than three exist, two are accessible

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 160 Architectural Elements 

▪▪ Where three or less dryers are provided, one minimum has a compliant clear floor space in front, with all controls accessible and within reach range; if more than three exist, two are accessible NOTE Housing projects that receive HUD funds are required to have all common space washers and dryers to be front loading—this is one of the exceptions in the May 23, 2014, deeming notice that HUD issued allowing the use of the 2010 ADAS as an alternative accessibility standard to the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS)

▪▪ Provide a 30" × 48" level clear floor space centered in front of the equipment for parallel approach with one full side adjoining an accessible route or another clear floor space ▪▪ Top-loading machines are to have the laundry compartment door 36" maximum AFF ▪▪ Front-loading machines have the bottom of the opening to the laundry compartment located at 15" minimum to 36" maximum AFF  NOTE Not only do the openings of front-loading machines have to be within a specific height AFF, but the operable handle to the door is required to be within reach range, as well as all controls and payment slots

Washing Machines & Dryers – Plan

CL

CL

CL 30" x 48" clr floor space for parallel approach centered on each machine

If laundry machines are located in a closet or alcove, they should be flush with the opening or the opening widened so the 48" length of the clear floor space is contiguous with the face of the machines

highest operable part

48" max to top of

36" max

controls are to be located on the front of the machine to be within compliant reach range

to bottom of opening

Washing Machines & Dryers – Top Loading

15" min to 36" max

Washing Machines & Dryers – Front Loading

All controls, money slots, soap dispensers, & lint screen access is to be within compliant reach range of 48" max AFF on the front of the machine Common Use Plumbing Fixtures

161

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  212.3 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Sinks – Sinks 214 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 305.6 Approach 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 308.2.2 Reach Ranges – Forward Reach – Obstructed High Reach 308.3.2 Side Reach – Obstructed High Reach 309 Operable Parts 606 Lavatories and Sinks 606.2 excep 1, 7 Clear Floor Space 606.3 Height 606.4 Faucets 606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces 611 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers

HUD Sources:  24 CFR Part 8 May 23, 2014 Provision 10

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-212.3 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Wet Bars – Sinks 11B-214 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-306 Knee and Toe Clearance 11B-306.2.3 excep 2 Toe Clearance – Minimum Required Depth 11B-308.2.2 Reach Ranges – Forward Reach – Obstructed High Reach 11B-308.3.2 Side Reach – Obstructed High Reach 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-606 Lavatories and Sinks 11B-606.2 excep 1, 7 Clear Floor 11B-606.3 Height 11B-606.4 Faucets 11B-606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces 11B-606.7 Sink Depth 11B-611 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers

162 Architectural Elements 

Sign Types Signage at Permanent Rooms & Spaces If signs are provided that identify permanent interior or exterior rooms or spaces, they have raised characters, Braille, and visual characters—if the raised characters contrast with their background and are enlarged, then visual characters are not required. Interior permanent rooms or spaces designated by pictograms also have raised characters, Braille, and visual characters—if the raised characters contrast with their background and are enlarged, then visual characters are not required.  NOTE The question arises of whether or not rooms need to be designated in tactile characters by their number or their functional name or both – #157 vs Conference Room vs 157 – Conference Room. The answer: It depends. If the rooms are organized in a systematic manner and the numbering is sequential, then tactile numbers may be easier for wayfinding, and include visual characters for the functional use name. If a room is used by several different user groups and the public, a combination of both is suggested to be tactile. If the rooms are not sequentially numbered, then the rooms with permanent names should have the function name in tactile characters and perhaps the numbers as well. This becomes a design issue, and understanding the best way to combine both tactile and visual characters creates easier wayfinding. Give consideration to also making the visual characters larger than the minimum allowed, since ⅝" is quite small for architectural use.

▪▪ Exterior signs not located at doors have visual characters only ▪▪ Temporary signs of 7 days or less do not need to comply ▪▪ Replacement or addition of signage on existing sites does not trigger any proportional spending on the path of travel

Entrance Signs  ▪▪ Where not all entrances are accessible, provide an ISA at the accessible entrances, and at the non-accessible entry provide visual directional signs locating accessible entrances

International Symbol of Accessibility

Elevator Signs  ▪▪ Buildings that have been altered to create specific accessible elevators have a visual sign with an ISA posted in the lobby or entrance with information on the location and directions to the elevator per CBC ▪▪ If not all elevators are accessible, identify the accessible elevator with an ISA

Informational Signs  ▪▪ Informational signs for interior spaces and site facilities—such as occupant load, rules of conduct— are visual and, where applicable, have the appropriate symbol for site and building elements Note  Symbols include the International Symbol of TTY, International Symbol of Accessibility, etc.

▪▪ If not all check-out aisles are accessible, provide an ISA at the same location as the check-out aisle id number, letter, or function, if exists, preferably higher up [and the ISA is 4" × 4" minimum per CBC] ▪▪ Building addresses, directories, seat/row designations in assembly areas, menus, and occupant or company names, as well as temporary signs of 7 days or less do not need to comply ▪▪ Parking facility signs for permanent rooms and spaces, directional and informational signs for interior spaces, accessible entrances, elevators, and restrooms are [not] required to comply with signage requirements [per CBC] ▪▪ Amusement rides have visual signs identifying types of access located at the entry to queues, as well as where the accessible load/unload areas are located [with an ISA per CBC]

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Sign Types

163

▪▪ Assembly areas required to provide assisted listening systems have visual informational signs on their availability, with the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss placed at each assembly area, or at each ticket office or window, if exists, [and have the words Assisted Listening System Available per CBC]

International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss

▪▪ Variable Message Signs (VMS) located in transportation facilities with transportation-related information, as well as VMS in buildings designated as emergency shelters with emergency-related information, have further requirements based on whether they are high or low resolution signs per CBC

Directional Signs  ▪▪ Directional signs to site facilities and interior rooms and spaces are visual ▪▪ Directional signs to the accessible building entrances are visual, with an ISA indicating the accessible route to the accessible entrance, and locate where the accessible path of travel diverges from the circulation path per CBC ▪▪ Directional exit signs for accessible means of egress are visual ▪▪ Wherever there are directional signs locating banks of public pay phones, also provide visual directional signs to the TTY locations, with the International Symbol of TTY

International Symbol of TTY

164 Architectural Elements 

▪▪ Banks of public pay phones without a TTY have directional signs locating the TTY with visual characters; and identify the TTY with the International Symbol for TTY ▪▪ If a building has individual phones not located in banks, provide directional signs with visual characters and an International Symbol for TTY at the building entrance or lobby per CBC

Exit Door Signs  ▪▪ Exit doors at exit passageways, discharge, and stairway floor ID signage have raised characters, Braille, and visual characters on the strike side [stating Exit (at an exit door); Exit Stair Up/ Down (at stairway doors at grade-level exterior exits); Exit Ramp Up/Down (at ramp enclosure doors at grade-level exterior exits); Exit Route (at an exit door leading directly to a grade-level exterior exit via an exit enclosure, or exit passageway, or an exit access door from an interior room/ area to a corridor requiring a visible exit sign); or To Exit (at each exit door thru a horizontal exit) per CBC] ▪▪ Delayed egress locks have two signs, one with raised characters and Braille on the strike side, and another in visual characters saying Keep Pushing. This Door Will Open In 15 (30) Seconds. Alarm Will Sound. in 1" minimum height letters with a ⅛" minimum stroke width, located on the door above the release device and within 12" of the device per CBC

Areas of Refuge & Assisted Rescue Signs  ▪▪ Instructions and information in Areas of Refuge and exterior Areas for Assisted Rescue are visual ▪▪ The areas are identified with a permanent room sign at the door stating Area Of Refuge or at the exterior exit Exterior Area For Assisted Rescue in raised characters, Braille, and visual characters with an ISA per CBC

Restroom & Bathing Room Signs  ▪▪ Where not all restrooms and bathing rooms are accessible, the accessible restroom and bathing room have a sign with an ISA, and if identified by a permanent room sign, the sign also has raised characters, Braille, visual characters, and preferably an optional pictogram Note  A permanent room sign is not actually required at restrooms, and neither are pictograms, although both are helpful to provide

▪▪ Provide geometric symbols on restroom and bathing room doors, or doorways, if no doors exist— regardless of whether or not they are accessible; not required off of private or semi-private rooms such as patient sleeping rooms, guest rooms for transient lodging, sleeping rooms for student housing, residential dwelling units, or rooms within private offices—the geometric symbol designates which sex the restroom or bathing room is for, not whether it is accessible per CBC  NOTE

▪▪ Inaccessible restrooms have directional signs that are visual, with an ISA locating nearest accessible restroom ▪▪ Buildings that have been altered with specific accessible restrooms or bathing rooms have a visual sign with an ISA posted in the lobby or entrance, with information on the location and directions to the room per CBC

There are a multitude of sign types, each with separate requirements for location, size, text type, and whether or not it requires tactile characters. Some sign types have no requirements at all, such as building address signs, company names and logos, directories, seat/ row designations in assembly buildings, and menus. It is helpful to have tactile signs with the address/suite number located at separate tenant entry doors, such as in a strip mall, similar to permanent room signs. Even though this could be interpreted as an address sign, which has no requirements, it is similar to a suite number identification that is helpful in terms of wayfinding. Although there are no requirements for menus in restaurants, perhaps some thought should be given to providing a menu with enlarged text available upon request. In other words, you can go one step further toward being more accessible than is actually required, many times at little cost.

Sign Types

165

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  212 Signs 216.1 excep General 216.2 Designations 216.3 Directional and Informational Signs 216.4 Means of Egress 216.6 Entrances 216.7 Elevators 216.8 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 216.9 TTYs 216.10 Assistive Listening Systems 216.11 Check-Out Aisles 216.12 Amusement Rides

DOJ Guidance on the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design Sources:  207 Accessible Means of Egress

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 1009.9 Accessible Means of Egress – Signage 1010.1.9.7 Doors, Gates, and Turnstiles – Doors – Door Operations – Delayed Egress 1013.4 Exit – Raised Character and Braille Exit Signs 11B-216 Signs 11B-216.1 General 11B-216.2 Designations 11B-216.3 Directional and Informational Signs 11B-216.4 Means of Egress 11B-216.6 Entrances 11B-216.7 Elevators 11B-216.8 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 11B-216.9 TTYs 11B-216.10 Assistive Listening Systems 11B-216.11 Check-Out Aisles 11B-216.12 Amusement Rides 11B-216.13 Variable Message Signs 11B-703.8 Signs – Variable Message Signs 11B-904.3.4 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters – Check-Out Aisles – Identification Signs

166 Architectural Elements 

Sign Components Visual Character Notes  ▪▪ Visual characters and their background have a nonglare finish and contrast with each other, either light-on-dark or dark-on-light [with a horizontal format per CBC] ▪▪ If the sign has both raised characters and Braille, and the raised characters contrast to the background, light-on-dark or dark-on-light, with a non-glare finish, it is preferable, even though not required, to also use visual characters

If the sign is located 40" to ≤ 70" AFF with a viewing distance of:

••< 72" then the character height is a minimum of ⅝" ••≥ 72" then the character height is ⅝" + ⅛" per linear foot of viewing distance greater than 72"

If the sign is located > 70" to ≤ 120" AFF with a viewing distance of:

••< 180" then the character height is a minimum of 2" ••≥ 180" then the character height is 2" + ⅛" per linear foot of viewing distance greater than 180"

Note  Visual characters contrast from the sign background, and this is a light-to-dark contrast. Although it is not stipulated what “contrast” specifically means, some industry standards define this as a 70% contrast.

▪▪ If visual characters and tactile characters are used as part of the same sign or two separate signs and they have the same information, [the raised characters can be reduced to ½" minimum height and] the visual characters are only required to comply with finish and contrast [stroke thickness, and horizontal format per CBC] ▪▪ Signs required to have visual characters can be in uppercase, lowercase, or a combination, but cannot be in italics, script, or other highly decorative fonts ▪▪ Width of the uppercase letter O is a minimum of [55%] [60%] to 110% maximum of the height of the uppercase letter I [per CBC] ▪▪ Stroke thickness is a minimum of 10% to [30%] [20%] maximum of the height of the uppercase letter I [per CBC] ▪▪ Line spacing between baselines of text rows is 135% to 170% of character height ▪▪ Character spacing within a word is 10% to 35% of the character height ▪▪ The minimum height of visual characters is based on the uppercase letter I and is dependent upon height AFF, with 40" minimum to its baseline, and the horizontal viewing distance from the sign to an obstruction preventing closer approach

If the sign is located > 120" AFF with a viewing distance of:

•• < 21' then the character height is a minimum of 3" ••≥ 21' then the character height is 3" + ⅛" per linear foot of viewing distance greater than 21'

▪▪ Elevator car controls are not required to comply with height AFF [and neither are floor level exit signs or floor plans providing information on emergency procedure per CBC]

Tactile Notes Raised Characters 

▪▪ Signs with raised characters with no visual characters have a non-glare finish for both the characters and the background, which contrast with each other either light-on-dark or dark-on-light. ▪▪ If signs with raised characters have the same information as the visual characters, then the [raised characters can be reduced to a minimum height of ½" and] visual characters are only required to comply with finish and contrast, [along with stroke thickness and a horizontal format per CBC] NOTE  If visual characters are provided, the raised characters are only required to be tactile and do not need to be differentiated from, or contrast to, their background; the raised characters can be the same color as the background

▪▪ Raised characters are to be uppercase, sans serif, with no script, italic, or highly decorative fonts allowed, and duplicated in Braille below

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Sign Components

167

▪ Raised characters are to be in a horizontal format per CBC ▪ Characters are to have a minimum of ⅜" separation from any raised borders or elements ▪ Raised characters have a minimum height of ⅝" to 2" maximum based on the uppercase letter I

Tactile – Raised Characters

▪ Character spacing for other types of cross sections is 1/₁₆" minimum to a maximum of 4 times the stroke width measured at the base of the cross section, and ⅛" minimum to a maximum of 4 times the stroke width measured at the top of the cross section  braille 

▪ Braille letters and numbers are comprised of cells with 6 dots/spaces per each cell—two columns and three rows ▪ Uppercase letters are reserved for typical capitalization such as names, acronyms, and first letter of sentences ▪ Where raised characters are multi-lined, Braille is placed below all lines of raised characters ▪ Braille is to be flush left or centered on the raised characters in a horizontal format per CBC

▪ Raised characters are raised a minimum of 1/₃₂" above their background NOTE Raised characters are raised from the surface of the sign a specified distance. These do not need to actually contrast to the sign background, but if they are a minimum specified height AND contrast, you can substitute these raised characters instead of having both raised and visual characters. Although it sounds like it makes sense to enlarge the raised characters and provide contrast, since the words are placed once, however for some types of vision, it is more comprehensible to have larger visual characters. In which case the raised characters can be the same color as the sign background similar to the Braille. If the raised characters are enlarged to substitute for visual characters, they are meant to be read both visually and by touch.

▪ Width of the upper case letter O is a minimum of [55%] [60%] to 110% maximum, based on the height of the uppercase letter I [per CBC] ▪ Stroke thickness is 15% maximum of the height based on the uppercase letter I, typically measured on the top surface of the letter ▪ line spacing between baselines of raised character rows is 135% to 170% of the character height ▪ Character spacing for a rectangular cross section is ⅛" minimum to a maximum of 4 times the stroke width 168 ArchitEcturAl ElEmEnts 

▪ Braille is positioned a minimum of ⅜" below the raised characters and any raised borders or elements, [and with a maximum space of ½" from the Braille to the raised characters above per CBC]

Tactile – Braille

NOTE Contracted and Grade II Braille are the same. Basically, it is abbreviated, where some letters are combined in a shorthand into one cell. Grade I Braille has no contractions, and Grade II has approximately 187. Currently, they are referred to as either uncontracted or contracted Braille. For instance, there is a one-cell designation for some letter groupings such as the th sound, or the ing placed at the end of a word. There are also single designation cells for words such as and, of, and with, where the full word is not spelled out. And some common words have short forms, such as fr for friend, tm for tomorrow, or ll for little.

▪▪ Braille dots are a rounded or domed shape with a base diameter of .059" to 063" ▪▪ Braille is to be contracted (Grade 2) [with spacing of dots within cells and adjacent cells per CA Braille standards per CBC] ▪▪ Braille dots are [.09" to][.1"] on center within cells, [.241" to][.3"] between corresponding dots in adjacent cells, .395" to .4" between corresponding dots in the cell below, and raised a minimum of .025" to .037" maximum from the background [per CBC]  NOTE Contracted Braille is to be placed below the raised characters. Braille does not need to contrast with the sign background since it is predominantly read by touch. The Braille dots should not have any rough or sharp edges and can either be rounded or dome-shaped. Be aware that within California, the requirements differ for dot and cell spacing, so California Braille should be specified for all projects within the state.

▪▪ Provide a minimum of an 18" × 18" clear floor space centered on the tactile characters beyond the arc of any door swing in the closed position and 45° open position and preferably to a volume of 80" AFF with no protruding objects in the volume

Tactile Sign Location – Plan

18" x 18" min clr flr space centered on the tactile characters on the sign, beyond any door swing in the closed or 45° open position

Permanent Tactile Sign Location (Not Visual Signs) 

▪▪ Tactile signs are located 48" minimum to 60" maximum AFF from the baseline of the lowest row of Braille to the baseline of the highest row of raised characters, with the exception of elevator car controls

60" max AFF to baseline of highest tactile character - Rasied Characters

48" min AFF to baseline of lowest tactile character - Braille

18" clr flr space centered on the tactile characters

▪▪ For double doors with an inactive leaf—locate sign on inactive leaf ▪▪ For double doors with both leafs active—locate to right side of right door

Tactile Sign Location – Elevation

A OF UGE

▪▪ Locate tactile signs at the latch side of door

▪ If there is not enough space on the latch side of a single door or the right side of double doors, locate sign on nearest adjacent wall ▪ Signs with tactile characters are permitted on the push side of doors that have closers without holdopen devices [in alterations where space is not available or is obstructed adjacent to the latch side of the door per CBC]

Pictograms Identifying Rooms & Spaces Notes  ▪ Pictograms are only visual and are not required to be raised ▪▪ Pictograms and their background have a non-glare finish and contrast with each other, light-on-dark or dark-on-light ▪▪ When pictograms are used for room or space designations, they are located in a separate 6" minimum height field with no raised characters or Braille within the field Sign Components

169

6" min

Pictogram

International Symbol of TTY

MEN

▪▪ Pictograms always have a tactile text description directly below the pictogram field, such as Men, Women, or Restroom, in raised characters and Braille, located 48" minimum to 60" maximum AFF to the base lines of the tactile characters 

Volume Control Telephone NOTE Pictograms contrast with the background of the sign, are non-glare similar to visual characters, and are required to have tactile text descriptors below. These do not need to be raised, but when pictograms are used they are to be placed in a separate field from the raised characters and Braille. Examples are the Men and Women pictograms used for restrooms.

Symbol Notes 

Access for Hearing Loss

▪▪ Symbols are visual only and are not required to be raised ▪▪ Symbols and their background have a non-glare finish and contrast to each other, light-on-dark or dark-on-light ▪ ▪Symbols are not required to have any text descriptors ▪▪ Symbols include the International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA), the International Symbol of TTY, Volume Control Telephones, International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss, and No Smoking

International Symbols

No Smoking ▪▪ The ISA is a white figure on a blue background or another contrasting color if approved by the administrative authority per CBC  NOTE

International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA) 170 Architectural Elements 

Symbols are actually a type of pictogram; however, it is important to differentiate since symbols do not need a text descriptor. Some examples are the International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA), International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss, and others, including the No Smoking symbol. These contrast with their background and are non-glare but do not need to be raised, nor do they need text descriptors.

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  216.2 Signs – Designations 703.2 Signs – Raised Characters 703.3 Braille 703.4 Installation Height and Location 703.5 Visual Characters 703.6 Pictograms 703.7 Symbols of Accessibility Advisory 216.2 Designations Table 703.3.1 Braille Dimensions

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-216.2 Signs – Designations 11B-703.2 Signs – Raised Characters 11B-703.3 Braille 11B-703.4 Installation Height and Location 11B-703.5 Visual Characters 11B-703.6 Pictograms 11B-703.7 Symbols of Accessibility Table 11B-703.3.1 Braille Dimensions

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

171

International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA) General Notes 

Directional Signs

▪▪ The International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA) is a symbol that contrasts with its background, darkon-light or light-on-dark, with a non-glare finish and no text descriptors

International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA)

▪▪ Where not all entrances, restrooms, bathing rooms, or elevators are accessible, all accessible entrances, restrooms, bathing rooms, and elevators have an ISA ▪▪ Inaccessible entrances have visual directional signage indicating the nearest accessible entry ▪▪ Inaccessible restrooms and bathing rooms have visual directional signage with an ISA, indicating the nearest accessible restroom

Light-On-Dark

Dark-On-Light

▪▪ In existing buildings where specific restrooms or bathing rooms have been altered to be accessible, a visual sign including an ISA is posted in the building lobby or entry with the location and directions to the accessible elements per CBC ▪▪ In existing buildings where not all elevators are accessible, a visual sign with information, including an ISA, is posted in the building lobby with the location and directions to the accessible elevator per CBC ▪▪ Where not all check-out stands are accessible, provide an ISA near the check-out stand id number, letter, or function of the accessible stand [using a 4" x 4" minimum ISA per CBC]

Not to be used when an ISA is specifically required

SEGD Version

▪▪ Designated aisle seats with removable, folding, or no armrests are identified [with an ISA per CBC]

(Society for Environmental Graphic Design)

▪▪ An ISA is placed on each 4" diameter or square push plate of a powered door accessible leaf per CBC

▪▪ ISAs are not tactile but rather visual symbols and therefore are not raised above their surface

▪▪ Powered doors at Assembly occupancies of 300 or more have a 6" × 6" ISA above the door on both the interior and exterior sides per CBC

▪▪ The ISA is a white figure on a blue background matching color #15090 in Federal Standard 595C or other colors that provide contrast and are approved by the enforcement agency per CBC ▪▪ Major junctions where the accessible route diverges from the main circulation path have a visual sign with a directional arrow or directions that identify the accessible route or accessible entry [along with an ISA per CBC]

▪▪ Powered doors with vertical actuation bars have an ISA on the 2" wide operable portion per CBC ▪▪ Accessible parking stalls are identified with an ISA except if [there are four or less parking spaces, or] they are assigned spaces for mobility dwelling units in multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity, which do not require any designated access signs, [and are white on a blue backgroundper CBC]

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 172 Architectural Elements 

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  216.5 Signs – Parking 216.6 Entrances 216.7 Elevators 216.8 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 216.11 Check-Out Aisles 502.6 Parking Spaces – Identification 703.7.1 Symbols of Accessibility – Finish and Contrast 703.7.2.1 International Symbol of Accessibility 802.4.2 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats – Designated Aisle Seats – Identification

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-216.5 Signs – Parking 11B-216.6 Entrances 11B-216.7 Elevators 11B-216.8 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 11B-216.11 Check-Out Aisles 11B-404.2.9 excep c, e Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Door and Gate Opening Force 11B-502.6 Parking Spaces – Identification 11B-703.7.1 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Finish and Contrast 11B-703.7.2.1 International Symbol of Accessibility 11B-802.4.2 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats, and Semi-Ambulant Seats – Designated Aisle Seats – Identification

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

173

Telephones – Wheelchair Access General Notes 

▪▪ Provide a level 30" × 48" unobstructed clear floor space with one full unobstructed side adjoining another clear floor space or accessible route, or a 36" × 48" space if the enclosure extends more than 24" from the face of the phone

▪▪ Public phones, whether coin-operated or coinless pay phones, public closed circuit, courtesy, or other types, have one minimum of each type that is wheelchair accessible, with the exception of drive-up phones

enclosure

24" max

of counter

enclosure

36" x 48" clr flr space with knee/toe clearance below counter at a minimum the same depth as the face of the phone

10" max

Parallel Approach

Shallow Enclosure

> 24" max

▪▪ A parallel approach has a distance of 10" maximum from the phone enclosure or surrounds to the face of the phone unit itself

30" x 48" clr flr space with knee/toe clearance below counter at a minimum the same depth as the face of the phone

of counter

▪▪ If there are two or more banks of public phones, provide one minimum wheelchair-accessible phone per bank, [with 50% of each bank and one minimum per floor having forward approach per CBC]

20" max to edge

Note  A bank of phones is defined as two or more adjacent phones

Forward Approach with an Enclosure

20" max to edge

▪▪ Public phones, installed either as single units or in a bank, have one minimum wheelchair accessible per floor, level, or exterior area [with 50% per floor, bank, or exterior site being accessible per CBC]

Deep Enclosure

30" x 48" min clr flr space

▪▪ A forward approach has a distance from the front edge of the counter to the face of the phone of 20" maximum, with an equal amount of depth at a minimum for knee/toe clearance below Note  If the phone has a counter below, the counter can be 34" maximum AFF, and if it has a forward approach, it requires 27" minimum clear AFF to the underside, with knee/toe clearance below

▪▪ Phones cannot reduce the minimum required clear width for an accessible route ▪▪ Clear floor surfaces are firm, stable, and slip-resistant with a maximum slope of 1:48 in all directions ▪▪ All operable parts are within reach range of 48" maximum AFF and do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, and can be operated with one hand using 5 lbs. maximum force ▪▪ Handset cords are 29" minimum in length ▪▪ Telephones have push-button controls

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 174 Architectural Elements 

▪▪ Provide a cane-detectable barrier if the bottom of the phone, or its surrounding surfaces, are greater than 27" AFF and protrude more than 4" if wallmounted, or more than 12" if post-mounted

▪▪ All public phones, including wheelchair accessible, have volume controls [that are hearing-aid compatible, with a receiver that generates a magnetic field near the receiver cap per CBC]

▪▪ Telephone directories, if provided, are to be 15" minimum AFF and not located within the required clear floor space

Telephones – Wheelchair Access

175

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  217.1 Telephones – General 217.2 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 307.2 Protruding Objects – Protrusion Limits 307.3 Post-Mounted Objects 307.5 Required Clear Width 308 Reach Ranges 309 Operable Parts 704.2 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-217.1 Telephones – General 11B-217.2 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-307.2 Protruding Objects – Protrusion Limits 11B-307.3 Post-Mounted Objects 11B-307.5 Required Clear Width 11B-308 Reach Ranges 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-704.2 Telephones – Wheelchair Accessible Telephones 11B-704.3 Volume Control Telephone

176 Architectural Elements 

Telephones & Other Communication Features Auditory Communication Features  ▪▪ All public phones, including wheelchair-accessible phones, have volume controls, are identified by the symbol for Volume Control Telephone, [and are hearing aid–compatible with a receiver generating a magnetic field near the receiver cap per CBC]

Symbol for Volume Control Telephone

like one, it can cause panic, since it sounds like an emergency alarm. If I am hard of hearing or cannot hear at all, I see just the flashing strobe, which also resembles an alarm notification. Often you see guest rooms where the emergency alarms are labeled. This means I am supposed to first check if there are any other alarms labeled as emergency, and if this flashing strobe does not have a label (which could fall off), then am I to presume it is the doorbell? This is confusing and requires the occupant to make an assumption in preparation for an unexpected emergency scenario. And then the best part is: The doorbells on the hallway or corridor side are labeled “depress the button for at least 5 seconds.” So now I get to see the flashing light or hear the noisy alarm for a period of time. Does this really trigger the reaction that there is someone at the door, or does it trigger an emergency reaction? In my opinion, it triggers the latter.

▪▪ Receiver volume control has adjustable gain up to 20 dB or incremental volume control with at least one intermediate step of 12 dB minimum gain with an automatic reset ▪▪ Two-way communication systems require both audible and visual signals with handset cords of 29" minimum, if provided ▪▪ Visual communication signals can be just a lit button, but signage should be provided describing the meaning of the visual signal  NOTE Doorbells Doorbells have a variety of requirements with the implementation of the 2010 ADA Standards. This applies within communication-feature units for transient lodging guest rooms and student housing, as well as for dwelling units. These features are for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, and blind or partially sighted. The issue is that the regulations state the sound and visual notification devices for doorbells are NOT to be tied into the emergency warning system. Therefore, it is often assumed that the same device is used but just not connected to the alarm system. This is an incorrect assumption. Not only is it not required, but it leads to much confusion and uncertainty. If I cannot see well, or at all, how do I know that the alarm sound is really the doorbell? If it doesn’t sound

A communication-feature dwelling unit is to have a button or switch hard-wired at the corridor or exterior side of the primary entry. This is to trigger both a visible and audible signal on the interior. If there is a visible appliance in a sleeping room, then it also has an on-off control to deactivate it in that room. This does not mean there is a requirement to actually have the notification device placed in the sleeping room—it just applies if there is one. If it is a transient lodging guest room or a student housing sleeping room with communication features, it is only required to have a doorbell or a door knocker tied into a visible notification device, not an audible signal. Again, this should not be tied into a visible alarm signal. Regardless of whether or not there is a visible alarm system, a visible notification device is to be provided both for an incoming phone call and for a door knocker or door bell. There are a number of products that allow for an adjustable volume that sounds like a normal doorbell, as well as a flashing light. There are also products that are sensitive to someone knocking at the door or stepping on a mat at the door. Some products have sophisticated receivers that will recognize a doorbell, or an incoming phone call, or an alarm clock, that will vibrate or flash an LED light or can connect to a watch or a smartphone. These transmitters do need to be hard-wired for residential dwelling units with communication features. So, just because the regulations state that a door notification system is not to be tied into a fire safety system, that does not mean it should look and sound like one.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Telephones & Other Communication Features

177

Text Phones – Teletypewriter (TTY)  ▪▪ [Required] TTYs at public pay phones are permanently affixed within or adjacent to the phone enclosure, and keypads are 34" minimum AFF when in use, unless seats are provided [and applies to all TTYs whether required or not per CBC] ▪▪ Public pay phones required to accommodate portable TTYs have a shelf with 6" minimum vertical clearance above and an electrical outlet adjacent ▪▪ Provide one minimum TTY per bank of four or more public pay phones, [not required at banks located within 200 LF of another bank on the same floor containing a public TTY] [regardless of its proximity to another bank per CBC] ▪▪ Public buildings with one public pay phone per building, public use area, or floor are to have one TTY minimum in that respective area ▪▪ Private buildings (places of public accommodation) with four or more public pay phones per building interior, or floor, have one TTY minimum in that respective area ▪▪ Exterior sites with four or more public pay phones are to have one minimum TTY ▪▪ Rest stops, emergency roadside stops, and service plazas having one minimum public pay phone, are to have one minimum public TTY ▪▪ Hospitals having one minimum public pay phone in emergency, recovery, or waiting rooms are to have one minimum TTY at each location ▪▪ Stadiums, conventions centers, hotels with a convention center, or covered malls with interior public pay phones are to have one minimum public TTY per CBC ▪▪ Transportation facilities with public pay phones located at an entry to bus or rail areas are to have one minimum TTY at each of those entries, in addition to the previous requirements for building, floor, and site ▪▪ Airports with four or more public pay phones in a terminal outside of a security area, or a concourse within a security area, or a baggage claim area, have one minimum TTY at each location, in addition to the previous requirements for building, floor, and site

178 Architectural Elements 

▪▪ Multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity and sleeping accommodations of a social service center establishment have communication features with systems capable of supporting voice and TTY communication on the public or common use side and a telephone jack capable of supporting voice and TTY on the dwelling unit side ▪▪ Detention/correctional facilities with one pay phone in a secured area used by detainees and security personnel are to have one minimum TTY in a secured area ▪▪ Banks with three or more interior public pay phones are to have one phone minimum, with a shelf having 6" minimum clear height above, and an electrical outlet for a portable TTY, except at phone banks that already have a TTY, or at correctional facilities where prohibited for security reasons ▪▪ All public text phones are identified with an International Symbol for TTY; if some phone banks do not have a TTY, provide directional signage with the International Symbol for TTY at those public banks, with directions to the nearest public text phone; if there is directional signage to public pay phones, include signage with the TTY symbol and directions to the public TTY phones; directional signage is visual, with a TTY symbol [if there are no phone banks, provide directional signage at the building entry or directory, identifying the location of the text phone per CBC]

International Symbol for TTY

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  216.9 Signs – TTYs 217.3 Telephones – Volume Controls 217.4 TTYs 217.5 Shelves for Portable TTYs 703.7.2.3 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Symbols – Volume Control Telephone 704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones 704.4 TTYs 704.5 TTY Shelf 708 Two-Way Communication Systems 708.4 Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-216.9 Signs – TTYs 11B-217.3 Telephones – Volume Controls 11B-217.4 TTYs 11B-217.5 Shelves for Portable TTYs 11B-703.7.2.3 Signs – Symbols of Accessibility – Symbols – Volume Control Telephones 11B-704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones 11B-704.4 TTYs 11B-704.5 TTY Shelf 11B-708 Two-Way Communication Systems 11B-708.4 Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

179

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

Chapter 5

Restrooms & Bathing Facilities Although restrooms and bathing facilities have been around forever and the new ADA Standards for more than a few years, we still have facilities with restrooms that are not completely compliant. The major question is: Why? Is it the designer? The builder? Or is it an on-going maintenance issue? Each component within a restroom or bathing room has a myriad of requirements that need to fit together like a puzzle. This chapter will give you an in-depth understanding of how all the pieces inter-relate.

Restroom & Bathing Facility Signage General Notes ▪▪ If all restrooms and bathing facilities are accessible, no signage is required—if signage is placed, it is considered a permanent room sign and complies with signage requirements for raised characters, Braille, and visual characters ▪▪ If a pictogram is provided, it is located in a separate field 6" minimum in height, and always has raised characters and Braille below, separated from the pictogram field Note  Although pictograms are not required, they are recommended, as they more easily differentiate the restrooms or bathing rooms

▪▪ Pictograms and symbols, including the ISA, have a non-glare finish and contrast with their background either light-on-dark or dark-on-light and if enlarged raised characters are being used instead of visual characters, they also contrast with their background ▪▪ If not all restrooms or bathing facilities are accessible, then an ISA identifies the accessible restrooms or bathing facilities CBC Note The ISA can be located on the California geometric symbol, which is placed on the door; this allows the permanent room sign to be less cluttered and the ISA to be more visible

▪▪ Inaccessible restrooms or bathing facilities have directional signage with an ISA and visual characters on a contrasting background with a non-glare finish, providing directions to the accessible rooms or facilities ▪▪ If not all restrooms or bathing facilities are accessible, the accessible rooms or facilities have an ISA, [and in existing buildings with specific restrooms and bathing facilities that have been altered to be accessible, post a visual sign in the lobby or building entry, with an ISA and information on the location directing to the accessible restroom or bathing room per CBC] ▪▪ Restroom and bathing room signs, if provided, are permanent room signs, and if a pictogram is provided, it always has tactile text description below in a separate field stating Men, Women, Boys, Girls, Restroom (if unisex), Family Restroom, or Companion Restroom ▪▪ Mount sign so that the baseline of the top row of raised characters is 60" maximum AFF and the baseline of the lowest row of Braille is 48" minimum AFF with a minimum of ⅜" [to ½" maximum] space between the two [per CBC] ▪▪ Restroom and bathing room signs are located adjacent to the latch side of the door, with an 18" × 18" minimum clear floor space centered on the tactile characters, beyond the arc of any door swing in the closed to 45° open position, and preferably to a volume of 80" without any protruding objects

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 181

Restroom Sign CL

center symbol within 1" of the vertical centerline of the door per CBC

highest row of raised characters

60" max to baseline of the

the lowest row of Braille

48" min to baseline of

C

58" - 60" per CBC L

suggested location for ISA

an 18" clear floor space is centered on the tactile characters of the sign outside of the door swing in the closed or 45¡ open position

▪▪ Accessible portable toilets and bathing units are identified with an ISA if not all portable toilets and bathing units are accessible

Restroom & Bathing Facility Geometric Symbols per CBC

▪▪ Female facilities are to have a 12" diameter circle with a light-on-dark or dark-on-light contrast to the door color

CA Door Symbol – Women’s

▪▪ A geometric symbol is required for all restrooms and bathing rooms, whether they are accessible or not ▪▪ Geometric symbols are not required if the toilet or bathing room is off a private or semi-private room or space, such as a patient sleeping room, a transient lodging guest room, a student housing sleeping room, a residential dwelling unit, or a private office ▪▪ The symbol is centered 58" minimum to 60" maximum AFF ▪▪ If there is a door, the symbol is centered within 1" of the door’s side-to-side centerline otherwise it is placed adjacent to the opening ▪▪ The geometric symbol is ¼" thick and has eased or rounded edges of 1/16" minimum, or chamfered at ⅛" maximum (measured along the front and side surface, rather than on the chamfer itself) 182 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

▪▪ Male facilities are to have an equilateral triangle of 12" per each edge with a vertex pointing upwards with a light-on-dark or dark-on-light contrast to the door color, and the vertices of the triangle have a ⅛" minimum to ¼" maximum radius

CA Door Symbol – Men’s

▪▪ All single occupancy facilities are unisex and have both an upward pointing equilateral triangle and a contrasting 12" diameter circle with the triangle superimposed on top and its vertices located within ¼" of the edge of the circle; both are ¼" thick and contrast with each other and the door with a light-on-dark-on-light or dark-on-light-ondark contrast CBC Note Although not specifically stated, if there is no door and the symbol is being placed on the adjacent wall, consider having the symbol contrast with the wall on which it is mounted as well. The tactile letters can be placed directly on the symbol in this instance.

▪  Geometric symbols have a non-glare finish ▪  A geometric symbol is not required in detention facilities where only one gender is housed, nor is it required to be ¼" thick if located within a secure perimeter of a detention or correctional facility CBC Note If an ISA is required, consider locating it on the California door symbol and contrasting it with the symbol, since the code does not state a required location for the ISA; this allows for a less cluttered strike side sign

CA Door Symbol – Unisex

Restroom & Bathing Facility Signage

183

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.2 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 216.2 Signs – Designations 216.8 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 703.3.2 Signs – Braille – Position 703.4 Installation Height and Location 703.5.1 Visual Characters – Finish and Contrast 703.6 Pictograms 703.7.1 Symbols of Accessibility – Finish and Contrast 703.7.2.1 International Symbol of Accessibility

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.2 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 11B-216.2 Signs – Designations 11B-216.8 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 11B-216.8.1 Geometric Symbols 11B-216.8.1 excep 1 Geometric Symbols 11B-703.3.2 Signs –Braille – Position 11B-703.4 Signs – Installation Height and Location 11B-703.5.1 Visual Characters – Finish and ­ ontrast C 11B-703.6 Pictograms 11B-703.7.1 Symbols of Accessibility – Finish and Contrast 11B-703.7.2.1 International Symbol of Accessibility 11B-703.7.2.6 Toilet and Bathing Facilities Geometric Symbols Advisory 11B-703.7.2.6 Toilet and Bathing Facilities Geometric Symbols

184 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Restroom & Bathing Facility Accessories General Notes:

▪▪ Provide a 30" × 48" minimum level clear floor space at each accessible accessory, with one full unobstructed side adjoining an accessible route or another clear floor space

▪▪ For each type of provided accessory, 1 minimum is accessible and located on an accessible route—if located in any toilet or bathing compartments, it is also provided in the accessible compartment ▪▪ If mirrors are provided, one minimum is accessible

Note  Free-standing accessories cannot be located in the clear floor space of any doors or another accessory—the clear floor spaces can overlap each other, but not the item itself

▪▪ All controls on accessible accessories, including coin slots, require 5 lbs. maximum force to operate or activate; are operable with one hand without requiring tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; and are within compliant reach ranges [and 40" maximum AFF, with the exception of the handle on baby changing stations per CBC]

of reflecting surface

40" max to bottom

top of reflecting surface

recommend 74" min AFF to

Mirrors

Full Length

top of reflecting surface

18" min

recommend 74" min AFF to

bottom of reflecting surface

20" max AFF to

54" min

in dressing & fitting rooms per CBC

35" max AFF to bottom of reflecting surface

Above Lavatory Or Counter

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Restroom & Bathing Facility Accessories

185

▪▪ Operable parts of soap or other dispensers located on the back wall of the lavatory are located within reach range—[48" AFF maximum if the lavatory or counter is 20" or less in depth; if greater than 20" to 25" maximum in depth then the highest operable part is 44" AFF maximum] [40" maximum AFF per CBC]

Note Recessed combination toilet paper and seat-cover dispensers are typically not flush with the wall. If the dispenser is placed behind the grab bar, the space will be less than 1½", which is not compliant—many installations of this accessory type tend to bow out further from the wall depending upon the attachment, which also has an impact on compliance.

15" to 48" AFF to outlet

* Depending upon reach range

186 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

28" min to 34" max AFF to top surface when open

27" min clr below when open

Baby Changing Station

Baby-Changing Stations

48" max to highest operable part

▪▪ Baby changing stations are installed for a forward approach, having the handle within reach range, the top at 34" maximum AFF in the open position, and do not intrude in any required clear spaces or clear width of the accessible route in the open position, and [preferably] are not located inside the accessible stall [per CBC]

19" min to outlet & mounted below grab bar per CBC

Toilet Paper Dispenser

Seat Cover

Hand Dryer

Sanitary Napkin

Paper Towel

Waste Receptacle

Towels & Waste

Soap Dispenser

operable part per CBC *

48" 40" max to highest

Dispenser-Type Accessories

▪ Seat-cover dispensers typically cannot be located behind the toilet on the back wall due to reach range limitations, unless the toilet compartment is wider than the minimum, allowing for 36" minimum clear on the side of the toilet so the dispenser can be placed in front of this clear floor space

Grab bars, dispensers, sanitary napkin disposal ▪  units, coat hooks, shelves, and other clear floor spaces can overlap the clear floor space of the toilet fixture

▪ The toilet paper dispenser provides for continuous flow of the paper

▪▪ Top of shelves are at 40" minimum to 48" maximum AFF

▪▪ If a medicine cabinet is provided, there is at least 1 shelf at 44" maximum AFF per CBC

Shelf

44" max for 1 shelf min in a medicine cabinet per CBC

40" min - 48" max to the top of the shelf

Electrical Receptacle on circuits 2 30 AMP per CBC bottom of receptacle box & top for upper range per CBC

15"- 48" AFF within reach range

Light Switch

measured to top of receptacle box per CBC

48" max & within reach range

to top of hook

48" max & within reach range

Coat Hook

Other Accessories

Restroom & Bathing Facility Accessories

187

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.5 Toilet Facilities and Bath Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Mirrors 213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 305.6 Approach 308 Reach Ranges 308.2 Forward Reach 309 Operable Parts 603.3 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Mirrors 603.4 Coat Hooks and Shelves 604.3.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance – Overlap 604.7 Dispensers 902.2 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Clear Floor or Ground Space 902.3 Height

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.5 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Mirrors 11B-213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves 11B-226.4 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Baby Changing Tables 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-308 Reach Ranges 11B-308.2 Forward Reach 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-603.3 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Mirrors 11B-603.4 Coat Hooks, Shelves, and Medicine ­ abinets C 11B-603.5 Accessories 11B-604.3.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance – Overlap 11B-604.7 Dispensers 11B-902.2 Dining and Work Surfaces – Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-902.3 Height

188 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Lavatory General Notes ▪▪ Where lavatories are provided, [10% of all lavatories, with] 1 minimum is accessible and preferably not located within an accessible toilet compartment, unless the compartment is greatly increased in size—[if a lavatory is located inside the accessible stall, it cannot be counted towards the 10% with 1 minimum requirement per CBC] ▪▪ Lavatory is located 18" minimum from an adjacent wall or partition to its centerline on both sides per CBC ▪▪ The dip of the overflow can be within the knee clearance ▪▪ Top of the lavatory or counter is 34" maximum AFF ▪▪ The bottom of the front counter apron edge is [27" minimum AFF to 8" back from the front edge] [29" minimum AFF, tapering down to 27" at 8" back from the front edge per CBC] Note Lavatories project from a wall more than 4". Depending on approach, the lavatory may need a cane detectable barrier. This would only be required if the underside of the lavatory is greater than 27" AFF, and you can approach it from the side. A typical single accommodation restroom where the lavatory is on the same plumbing wall as the toilet would typically be a forward position only, but in larger restrooms, if this side edge is not protected and you can approach it from the side, you may need a permanent cane detectable barrier. If the lavatory is placed exactly at 27" to its underside, it would not be considered a protruding object, but note, in California, the underside is required to be a minimum of 29" at the front edge and tapering down to 27" AFF at 8" back, so this would become an issue for a side approach.

▪▪ Knee clearance height is from 9" to 27" AFF, with a depth of 11" minimum clear at the lower portion, tapering to a depth of 8" minimum clear at the upper portion

▪▪ Toe clearance is a height from 0" to 9" AFF and a depth of 6" beyond the lowest point of the knee clearance, starting a minimum of 11" from the front edge of the lavatory, and is free of all equipment or obstructions ▪▪ Toe clearance is a minimum depth of 17" to 25" maximum ▪▪ All drain and water supply pipes under the lavatory are insulated or covered with a boot or shield to protect against contact ▪▪ All sharp and abrasive surfaces under the lavatory need to be covered to protect against contact

Lavatory Clear Floor Space ▪▪ Provide a 30" × 48" level clear space in front of the lavatory for forward approach ▪▪ If the lavatory is in an alcove with more than a 24" depth or is obstructed on all or part of 3 sides, the clear floor space increases to 36" × 48" ▪▪ Clear floor space has one full unobstructed side adjoining an accessible route or another clear floor space ▪▪ Doors cannot swing into the clear floor space, except in single-accommodation restrooms, if there is another 30" × 48" clear floor space beyond the door swing ▪▪ The 48" deep clear floor space goes underneath the lavatory a minimum depth of 17" to [25"][19"] maximum, but additional space can be provided [beyond the 19"per CBC] ▪▪ Provide 30" minimum clear width for knee and toe clearance ▪▪ Public multi-family residential facilities can have cabinetry located below the lavatory in mobility feature dwelling units only if it is removable, without removing the lavatory itself, and if the floor and surrounding walls and cabinetry below have a finished surface

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Lavatory

189

Lavatory – Side Elevations faucet controls can not be further back than the toe space below knee clearance tapers from 29" AFF to 27" AFF at 8" back per CBC

8" min

34" max 9" min

27" min

toe clearance from 0" AFF to 9" AFF extends 6" max beyond the knee clearance

29" min per CBC

knee clearance from 9" AFF to 27" AFF is 11" min deep tapering to 8" min deep at top

48" deep lavatory clr flr space

11" min

6" min

17" min to 19" max clr flr space below the lav per CBC 17" min to 25" max The taper from 9" AFF to 27" AFF has a 3" differential Ð if you are using the minimum depth under the lavatory this would allow for 11" for knee + 6" for toe = 17" giving you the same reach depth above the lavatory of 17" maximum

Shallow Depth for Reach Range Above Lavatory 16" max

48" deep lavatory clr flr space

34" max 9" min

27" min

29" min per CBC

8" per CBC

19" max

6"

17" min to 19" max clr flr space below the lav per CBC 25" max In order to provide the maximum reach above the lavatory of 25", provide the same depth for knee-toe clearance below The 3" taper from 9" AFF to 27" AFF will need to start at 6" from the back wall at the edge of the toe clearance (19" from the front) and then taper 3" towards the front or 16" from the front of the counter. A clear height of 27" is required from the front of the lavatory to 16" back

Maximum Depth for Reach Range Above Lavatory 190 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

the lavatory 17" min to 19" max per CBC

the 48" deep clr floor space extends under

18" min per CBC 17" min to 25" max

provide a clr depth of

CL

30" x 48" clr floor space 36" x 48" clr flr space if located in an alcove greater than 24" deep

Lavatory Accessories

Faucets

▪▪ The highest operable part of any accessible accessories located on the back wall is a maximum of [48" AFF if they are located 20" or less from the front edge of the lavatory/counter; if the depth is more than 20" up to and including 25" maximum, the height is 44" AFF maximum][40" AFF per CBC]

▪▪ Faucets are operable with one hand and do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; lever-operated, push-type and electronically controlled are accessible faucet types

▪▪ Any accessory located on the back wall will need to have its operable part extend to within 17" to 19" of the front edge of the lavatory/counter, depending upon the depth of the toe clearance provided below in order to be accessible per CBC

▪▪ Self-closing valves are to remain open 10 seconds minimum

▪▪ The force to operate the faucet and any controls is 5 lbs. maximum

Lavatory

191

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.4 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Lavatories 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 305.6 Approach 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 308.2 Reach Ranges – Forward Reach 309 Operable Parts 603.2.3 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances – Door Swing 606 Lavatories and Sinks 606.2 Clear Floor Space 606.3 Height 606.4 Faucets 606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.4 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Lavatories 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-306 Knee and Toe Clearance 11B-308.2 Reach Ranges – Forward Reach 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-603.2.3 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances – Door Swing 11B-606 Lavatories and Sinks 11B-606.2 Clear Floor Space 11B-606.3 Height 11B-606.4 Faucets 11B-606.5 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces 11B-606.6 Adjacent Side Wall or Partition

192 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Toilet Fixture General Notes

▪▪ Flush valve is hand-operated or electronic; if handoperated, locate on the open/wide side of toilet, within reach range, [and 44" maximum AFF per CBC]

▪▪ Where toilets are provided, [5% of all toilets, with] 1 minimum is accessible [per CBC]

▪▪ Flush valve requires a maximum of 5 lbs. force to operate, and is operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist

▪▪ Locate both the front and back of the toilet a minimum of [16"][17"] to 18" maximum from the side wall to its centerline [per CBC]

Toilet Fixture – Side View

CL

outlet is 15" min to 48" max AFF & can not be behind bar

15" to 19" in residential units

17" to 19" to top of seat

7" to 9" to centerline

outlet is 19" min to botom of opening & mounted below grab bar per CBC

toilet paper dispenser

• 56" min clr for toilet fixture • 56" min deep clr flr space for wall-hung fixture in toilet compartments * • 59" deep clr flr space for floor-mounted fixture in toilet compartments * * Compartments have additional depth requirements depending upon door swing and location per CBC

▪▪ There are additional maneuvering space requirements if the toilet is located in a toilet compartment per CBC

flush valve on open (wide) side 24" 2" max seat ht per CBC

▪▪ Toilet fixtures require a minimum clear floor space of 60" wide measured along the plumbing wall, by a minimum of 56" deep in a single accommodation restroom, bathing room, or wall-mounted in a stall; a 59" deep space is required for a floor-mounted fixture in a toilet compartment—no other fixtures or door swing can be located in this clear floor space

Toilet Fixture – Front View

17" to 19" to top of seat

Clear Floor Space

12"

CL

60" wide clear space for toilet fixture

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Toilet Fixture

193

▪▪ In multi-family dwelling units built by or on behalf of a public entity and in social service center establishment sleeping accommodations, the lavatory can overlap the toilet clear floor space if the edge of the lavatory is 18" minimum from the centerline of the toilet, and the overall depth of the clear floor space is increased to 66" minimum ▪▪ Toilet fixtures inside accessible toilet compartments require a minimum depth of 56" for wallhung or 59" for floor mounted fixtures, [with an additional 36" clear in front of the toilet clear space for in-swinging doors per CBC] ▪▪ Grab bars, dispensers, sanitary napkin disposal units, coat hooks, shelves, and other clear floor spaces can overlap the toilet clear floor space

Toilet Seat

▪▪ Toilet seat does not automatically spring to a lifted position ▪▪ Seat is a maximum height of 2", and can be 3" at existing fixtures that are less than 15" AFF per CBC

Toilet Paper Dispenser ▪▪ The toilet paper dispenser allows for continuous paper flow, does not control paper delivery, and is operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist ▪▪ The toilet paper dispenser is located in front of the toilet 7" to 9" from the front edge of the toilet to the centerline of the dispenser ▪▪ The toilet paper dispenser outlet is located [a minimum of 15" to 48" maximum AFF] [19" minimum AFF and mounted below the grab bar per CBC]

▪▪ Top of the toilet seat is 17" to 19" AFF, with the exception of mobility feature dwelling units in ­public multi-family residential which can be at 15" to 19" AFF

toilet clear floor space 16" to 18" to centerline

60" min clr

60" min clr for side opening door per CBC

48" min clr for end opening door per CBC

48" min clr for single accommodation restroom per CBC

in-swinging door in a toilet compartment per CBC

17" to 18" to centerline per CBC

36" min clr

66" min clr in public multi-family dwellings with a lav in the clr flr space

59" min clr for floor mounted in a compartment

56" min clr for wall-hung fixture in a compartment

56" min clr for fixture

Toilet Fixture Clear Floor Space Requirements – Plan

additional maneuvering space per CBC 194 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.2 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Water Closets 309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 604.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – ­Location 604.3 Clearance 604.3.2 Overlap 604.4 Seats 604.6 Flush Controls 604.7 Dispensers 604.8.1.1 Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Size

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources:

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.2 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Water Closets 11B-309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 11B-604.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Location 11B-604.3 Clearance 11B-604.3.2 Overlap 11B-604.4 Seats 11B-604.6 Flush Controls 11B-604.7 Dispensers 11B-604.8.1.1 Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Size

Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.104 Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.151(e) New Construction and Alterations – Social Service Center Establishments §35.151(f)(3) Housing at a Place of Education Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.104(1) Definitions  – Housing at a Place of Education; Place of Public ­Accommodation Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.406(d) Standards for New Construction and Alterations ­– Social Service Center Establishments §36.406(e)(3) Housing at a Place of Education

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

195

Grab Bars General Notes ▪▪ Grab bars are installed horizontally with the top of the bar at 33" to 36" AFF, with the exception of the lower grab bars at tubs and grab bars at children’s toilets ▪▪ The specified lengths for grab bars are for the gripping surface portions of the bar

NOTE  The wall clearance space of 12" minimum above the bar and 1½" minimum below and at each end is recommended to be on the same place and exactly 1½" from the back face of the bar

Grab Bar Clearances

Note Although it appears to be an industry standard to measure to the centerline of the attachment for grab bars, in actuality, the length dimension of a grab bar is for the gripping surface, and the radiused portion returning to the wall does not meet the gripping surface requirements

▪▪ The grab bars and their supporting structure allow for a vertical and horizontal bending stress, and shear and tensile forces of 250 lbs. minimum ▪▪ The grab bar itself and all adjacent surfaces are free of sharp or abrasive elements and have rounded edges ▪▪ Grab bars do not rotate within their fittings ▪▪ Grab bars with a circular cross section have a minimum outside diameter of 1¼" to 2" maximum ▪▪ Grab bars with a non-circular profile have a cross section of 2" maximum with a perimeter dimension of 4" minimum to 4.8" maximum ▪▪ Space between the wall and the grab bar is exactly 1½" clear

Grab Bar Profiles

▪▪ L-shaped or U-shaped grab bars have 1½" minimum clear to the wall for a distance of 6" on both ends for inside corners, per CBC ▪▪ In multi-family dwelling units built by or on behalf of a public entity, grab bars are not required to be installed, but reinforcement within the walls is required for future grab bar installation

Note  Be sure to oversize the length and height of the reinforcement and center it at the required location, to provide some leeway for future installation of grab bars

▪▪ Space between the grab bar and any projecting object below or at each end is 1½" minimum clear ▪▪ The space between the grab bar and any projecting object above is 12" minimum, except for shower controls and fittings, and other grab bars, which have 1½" minimum clear

▪▪ Student housing at a place of education does require grab bars installed in the bathrooms supporting the mobility feature rooms ▪▪ Social service center establishments having mobility accommodation sleeping rooms with over 50 beds do require grab bars and a seat installed in at least one roll-in shower for each sex

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 196 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

toilet Grab Bars – Side Wall

Toilet Grab Bars

toilet Grab Bars – Back Wall

▪ Grab bars are located on the back and side walls [and can be combined into 1 continuous bar per CBC] ▪ The gripping surface of the side grab bar is 42" minimum in length, located 12" maximum from the back wall, and extends 54" minimum from the back wall [with 24" minimum in front of the toilet per CBC] ▪ Ambulatory stall grab bars are located on both side walls only ▪ The gripping surface of the back grab bar is 36" minimum in length, located 12" minimum from centerline of toilet towards the side wall and 24" minimum towards the open side ▪ The back grab bar can be reduced down to a 24" minimum length and centered on the toilet where there is not enough space on the back wall due to a recessed fixture ▪ Where flush valve controls are required by the administrative authority in a location that conflicts with the rear grab bar location, the rear bar can be split or shifted to the open side of the toilet gRaB BaRs

197

Toilet Grab Bars with Adjacent Recessed Fixture 16" to 18" to centerline 17" to 18" to centerline per CBC

CL

24" back grab bar due to adjacent recessed fixture accommodation restroom per CBC

12" 12"

48" min clr for single

17" min to 25" max

provide a clr depth of

18" min per CBC

additional maneuvering space per CBC

Shower Grab Bars ▪▪ Where multiple grab bars are used, the required horizontal bars are mounted at a consistent height AFF ▪▪ Grab bars start 6" maximum from adjacent walls ▪▪ Grab bars are located on the opposite and adjacent walls to the seat, starting from the front edge of the seat, [and can be continuous in an L-shape per CBC] ▪▪ No grab bars are located above seats ▪▪ [If no seat is provided, grab bars are located on all 3 sides, starting 6" maximum from adjacent walls] [seats are always provided per CBC] ▪▪ Transfer-type showers [have a continuous grab bar along the control wall to 18" along the back wall] [are not allowed per CBC] ▪▪ Social service center establishments with over 50 beds do require grab bars and a seat installed in at least one roll-in shower for each sex

Bathtub Grab Bars ▪▪ Bathtubs with permanent seats require 3 grab bars, and those with removable in-tub seats require 4 grab bars: 1 located on the control end wall, 2 on the back wall, and if there is a removable seat, a fourth bar is located on the head end wall ▪▪ The control end wall has one 24" bar starting on the open edge of the tub ▪▪ Both back wall grab bars start 12" maximum from the control end wall, and have differing lengths dependent upon whether there is a permanent or removable seat ▪▪ The height of the lower grab bar on the back wall is 8" to 10" above the bathtub rim ▪▪ For tubs with removable seats, a fourth 12" bar is located at the head end wall, starting at the open edge of the tub ▪▪ All of the grab bars except the lower back bar are located at 33" to 36" AFF measured to the top ▪▪ If grab bars on adjacent walls are at a consistent height, an L- or U-shaped continuous bar can be used per CBC

198 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 604.5 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Grab Bars 604.8.1.5 Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Grab Bars 604.8.2.3 Ambulatory Accessible Compartments – Grab Bars 607.4 Bathtubs – Grab Bars 607.4.1 Bathtubs With Permanent Seats 607.4.2 Bathtubs Without Permanent Seats 608.3 Shower Compartments – Grab Bars 609 Grab Bars 609.3 Spacing 609.4 Position of Grab Bars 609.5 Surface Hazards 609.6 Fittings 609.7 Installation 609.8 Structural Strength

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources:

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-604.5 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Grab Bars 11B-604.8.1.5 Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Grab Bars 11B-604.8.2.3 Ambulatory Accessible Compartments – Grab Bars 11B-607.4 Bathtubs – Grab Bars 11B-607.4.1 Bathtubs With Permanent Seats 11B-607.4.2 Bathtubs Without Permanent Seats 11B-608.3 Shower Compartments – Grab Bars 11B-609 Grab Bars 11B-609.3 Spacing 11B-609.4 Position of Grab Bars 11B-609.5 Surface Hazards 11B-609.6 Fittings 11B-609.7 Installation 11B-609.8 Structural Strength 11B-609.9 Alternate Configuration

Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.104 Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.151(e) New Construction and Alterations – Social Service Center Establishments §35.151(f)(3) Housing at a Place of Education Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.104(1) Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education; Place of Public Accommodation Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.406(d) Standards for New Construction and Alterations ­– Social Service Center Establishments §36.406(e)(3) Housing at a Place of Education

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

199

Restroom & Bathing Facilities – Single-User General Notes ▪▪ Restrooms with one lavatory and up to two toilets or a toilet and a urinal are considered single-user if a privacy lock is provided ▪▪ Bathing rooms with a shower, or both a shower and a tub, a lavatory, and a toilet are considered single-user if a privacy latch is provided ▪▪ A privacy lock or latch with a flip-over, sliding, or other style device, requires 5 lbs. maximum force, and is operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist ▪▪ If not all restrooms or bathing facilities are accessible, the accessible ones get an ISA; the non-accessible have visual directional signage with an ISA, providing directions to the accessible facilities, unless they are located in the same cluster ▪▪ All single accommodation restrooms and bathing rooms get a door symbol, whether or not they are accessible, unless they are located in patient sleeping rooms, transient lodging guest rooms, dwelling units, or student housing sleeping rooms, or thru a private office per CBC ▪▪ In alterations, if providing accessible multi-user toilet or bathing rooms is technically infeasible, then a single-user accessible toilet or bathing room is provided in the same area and same floor as the existing inaccessible toilet or bathing rooms ▪▪ In facilities not required to have an accessible route to other stories, the accessible toilet facilities are located on a story connected by an accessible route to the accessible entry ▪▪ Toilet facilities for exclusive use of separate user groups have toilet rooms accessible for each group per CBC ▪▪ Floors are stable, firm, and slip-resistant, with a maximum slope of 2.083% in all directions ▪▪ If floor drains exist, the grate openings are ½" maximum, and the floor has a maximum slope of 1:48 with the drain cover flush or with a maximum surface differential of ¼"; [shower drains have ¼" maximum opening per CBC]

Note Single-accommodation restrooms located in a pre-ADA building, that is a place of public accommodation, will have several items to consider. What you end up doing depends on whether or not any alterations have been done to the building or to the restroom. If no alterations have been done to the building since January 26, 1992, there is still the minimum obligation of removing barriers that are readily achievable. Depending upon the space and the owner’s finances since 1992, this could mean widening doors or, if not feasible, installing offset hinges, removing door knobs and installing lever hardware, installing grab bars, insulating pipes and rough edges under the lavatory, putting in a raised toilet seat, lowering accessories to be within compliant reach ranges, and a number of other items, including signage. But do remember this is an ongoing task and should be revisited annually until the restroom complies as much as possible. If there has been an alteration since January 26, 1992 that this restroom supports, then there is the requirement to spend an additional 20% of the construction budget on path of travel obligations supporting the space being altered. This would also include restrooms that support the altered space. The restroom is considered third in prioritization in the case of disproportionality and would need to be upgraded. In California, if the construction budget was over the valuation threshold, then a single unisex restroom, at a minimum, should have been altered to meet the standards and be accessible.

Single-User Toilet & Bathing Rooms or Units ▪▪ Where there are multiple portable single-user toilet or bathing units clustered at a location, provide 5% with one minimum accessible at each cluster and marked with an ISA, with the exception of construction sites used exclusively by construction workers, which are exempt [but those serving construction support facilities have 5% with one of each type of portable toilet or bathing unit accessible per CBC] ▪▪ Where there are multiple single-user toilet rooms clustered at a single location, 50% with one minimum are accessible ▪▪ If not all of the single-user toilet rooms or portable toilet units and bathing rooms are accessible, identify the accessible ones with an ISA, and the inaccessible toilet rooms and portable units not in the same cluster, have visual directional signs with an ISA locating the accessible restrooms or bathing room

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 200 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Single-User Restroom or Bathing Room Clearances

▪▪ The door can swing into the turning space if there is a 30" × 48" minimum clear floor space beyond the door swing [in public multi-family dwelling units, and 12" maximum in all other restrooms and bathing facilities per CBC]

▪▪ Provide a turning space of a 60" diameter or a 60" × 60" T-shaped space with two 12" × 24" notches removed ▪▪ The turning space can overlap clear floor spaces of other fixtures; clear floor spaces can overlap other clear floor spaces, and can use the 27" knee/toe space under lavatories and counters for the turning diameter—however, using space underneath a lavatory or counter is limited to one side only for the T-shaped turning space

▪▪ The toilet clear floor space is a minimum of 56" clear depth, regardless of whether it is floor or wall mounted, and 60" minimum in width with nothing else located in the space ▪▪ Provide a 60" wide by 48" deep clear floor space in front of the toilet and 36" deep minimum within residential dwelling units in multi-family housing built by or on behalf of a public entity per CBC

▪▪ Doors can swing into the required clear floor space of fixtures if a 30" × 48" minimum space is beyond the arc of the door swing

Single-User Toilet Rooms

Assumptions– toilet 31" d × 19" w lavatory 18" d × 22" w & drain is located close to the wall 34" wide door providing 32" min clr opening starting 4" from adjacent wall door has both a latch and a closer dimensions are to face of finish overall dimensions include 1" tolerance

83" min clr

18" min per CBC

16"-18" 17" to 18" per CBC

CL

CL

80" min clr per CBC 60" min clr per CBC

54" min clr at door

± 67" min clr depending on toilet tank size

90" min clr per CBC

geometric symbol per CBC

Corridor

18" x 18" clr flr space centered on tactile letters on restroom sign

Out-Swinging Door

Restroom & Bathing Facilities – Single-User

201

Controlling factors for prototype room size: Width - toilet clr flr space + width of lav = 60" + 22" + 1" tolerance = 83" Depth - door clr flr space + depth of lav = 60" + 18" + 1" tolerance = 79" 83" min 16"-18"

with no closer

42" min clr at door

79" min

CL

Corridor

18" x 18" clr flr space centered on tactile letters on restroom sign

ADA In-Swinging Door

202 RestRooms & Bathing Facilities

▪▪ Multi-bedroom units, whether dwelling, student housing, or social service center sleeping accommodations that include a mobility feature bedroom in the unit, also require a 60" turning space in all bathing and toilet rooms, even those that are not specific to the mobility feature bedroom

▪▪ Mobility feature toilet rooms located within residential dwelling units in multi-family and within social service center establishment sleeping accommodations, the lavatory can overlap the toilet clear floor space if the edge of the lavatory is a minimum of 18" from the centerline of the toilet, and the overall depth of the toilet clear floor space increases to 66" minimum

Dwelling Unit Alternative Toilet Room 76" min 77" min per CBC

L 18" min 16"-18" C 17" - 18" per CBC toilet clr flr space

36" min per CBC

66" min *

lavatory clr flr space

60" T-shaped turn

door clr flr space

toilet maneuvering space per CBC

* In order to provide a 60" x 60" T-shaped turn, if the toilet room is a depth of 66" min the toilet would need to protrude 30" max from the back wall

Residential Dwelling Unit Alternative

Medical & Long-Term Care Patient & OnCall Restrooms/Bathing Rooms ▪▪ In resident or patient sleeping rooms that have mobility features, provide a toilet or bathing room with one minimum accessible toilet, lavatory, and tub or shower ▪▪ Common use toilet rooms used by patients only, have a restroom with a toilet and a lavatory accessible, and if there is more than one toilet room in the same cluster, 50% are accessible, per CBC ▪▪ Toilet rooms that are part of a hospital patient sleeping room for critical or intensive care, do not require mobility features

▪▪ In licensed long-term care facilities of 24 hours or more [(including skilled nursing facilities, intermediate care facilities, and nursing homes),] 50%, with 1 minimum, of the resident sleeping rooms [or patient bedrooms] are accessible with mobility features including the toilet rooms located within each [per CBC] ▪▪ Hospitals, rehabilitation, psychiatric, and detoxification facilities, or units within these facilities specializing in treating conditions affecting mobility, 100% of the patient sleeping rooms, and toilet rooms located within each, are accessible

Restroom & Bathing Facilities – Single-User

203

▪▪ Hospitals, rehabilitation, psychiatric, and detoxification facilities, or units within these facilities not specializing in treating conditions that affect mobility (general hospitals, psychiatric, and detoxification facilities), 10% of the patient sleeping rooms, with 1 minimum, including their toilet rooms, are accessible with mobility features Note  Facilities that treat conditions that affect mobility but do not specialize in it, such as general rehabilitation hospitals, are required to provide 10% of the patient sleeping rooms accessible, not 100%

204 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

▪▪ 10% with 1 minimum of on-call sleeping rooms for physicians and staff have an accessible toilet/ bathing room, with one toilet, lavatory, and tub or shower per CBC ▪▪ Geometric symbols are not required on the restroom or bathing room door if the room is off a patient sleeping room per CBC

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 203.2 General Exceptions – Construction Sites 213.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – General 213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 213.2.1 Unisex (Single-Use or Family) Toilet and Unisex Bathing Rooms 216.8 Signs – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 223.1 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities – General 223.2 Hospitals, Rehabilitation Facilities, Psychiatric Facilities and Detoxification Facilities 223.3 Long-Term Care Facilities 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 304 Turning Space 304.3 Size 304.4 Door Swing 309 Operable Parts 603.2 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances 604.3 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance 604.3.2 Overlap 805.4 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities – Toilet and Bathing Rooms Advisory 223.2.2 Facilities Specializing in Treating Conditions That Affect Mobility

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-201.4 Application – Construction Support Facilities 11B-203.2 General Exceptions – Construction Sites 11B-213.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – General 11B-213.2 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 11B-213.2.1 Unisex (Single-User or Family) Toilet and Unisex (Single-User or Family) Bathing Rooms 11B-213.2.2 Unisex (Patient) Toilet Rooms In Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 11B-213.2.3 Unisex (Patient) Bathing Rooms In Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 11B-216.8 Signs – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms 11B-223.1 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities  – General 11B-223.2 Hospitals, Rehabilitation Facilities, Psychiatric Facilities and Detoxification Facilities 11B-223.2.3 On-Call Rooms 11B-223.3 Long-Term Care Facilities 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-304 Turning Space 11B-304.3 Size 11B-304.4 Door Swing 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-603.2 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances 11B-603.2.3 Door Swing 11B-604.3 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance 11B-604.3.2 excep Overlap 11B-608.9 Shower Compartments – Shower Floor or Ground Surface 11B-805.2.4 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities – Patient Bedrooms and Resident Sleeping Rooms – Toilet and Bathing Rooms

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

205

Toilet Compartments General Notes ▪▪ Toilet compartment doors can swing into the restroom turning space, but may not swing into the minimum required compartment area of the toilet fixture clear floor space ▪▪ Restrooms with toilet compartments have a minimum of one accessible stall per restroom, [with 5% minimum of the combination of toilet compartments plus urinals per CBC]

▪▪ The toilet fixture itself has to have a clear floor space of 60" wide by 56" deep if it is wall hung, or 59" deep if it is floor mounted—nothing, not even the door swing, can encroach into this space except the toilet fixture. However, there are a number of wall mounted objects that can overhang the space—this presumes the compartment door opens outwards and ADA presumes the end partition is raised 9" AFF, or the length of the stall is increase by 6"

▪▪ Baby-changing stations [should not be located in the accessible compartment unless it is greatly increased in size to have the changing station free from overlapping any clear floor spaces in the open and closed position] [are not located in accessible toilet compartments per CBC]

▪▪ For an end door opening outwards, CA requires an additional 48" clear in front of the toilet fixture itself

▪▪ Toilet compartments can include an accessible lavatory if the compartment is increased in size to provide required clearances, and if there is an accessible lavatory outside of the compartment [and the lavatory inside the compartment is not included in the required minimum for accessible lavatories per CBC]

▪▪ For a side door opening outwards, CA requires 60" in front of the toilet fixture

▪▪ If other compartments have coat hooks and/or shelves, the accessible stall also has these accessories, with the hook installed at a maximum of 48" AFF to the top of the hook and within reach range, and the shelves between 40" and 48" AFF to the top ▪▪ The accessible route to the accessible compartment is 44" minimum clear per CBC NOTE Restrooms are one of the more difficult rooms to design, with numerous specific requirements—solve one requirement and it is likely a new dimensional issue may arise, particularly in existing facilities. When trying to minimize space as much as possible, it adds another layer of complexity. And just addressing the accessible toilet stall compartment within a multi-accommodation toilet room is complex enough with numerous factors to consider. First, the partition itself—be aware that if it goes down to the floor, the minimum clear width of 60" inside of the stall needs to increase to 66". This is often overlooked, but it is required. It is assumed that if the partition stops 9" above the floor there is enough space for toe clearance underneath and beyond the partition, making maneuvering in a wheelchair easier. The required length, on the other hand, is dependent upon a number of factors.

▪▪ For an end door opening inwards, an additional 36" is needed in front of the toilet clear floor space, and CA requires 48" in front of the toilet fixture itself

▪▪ For a side door opening inwards, an additional 36" is needed in front of the toilet clear floor space, and CA requires 60" in front of the toilet fixture itself As you can see by these requirements, it is not possible to state a specific length for all accessible toilet stalls. It depends on whether the fixture is wall hung or floor mounted, and what size the toilet fixture is, which can vary from about 26" to 31" deep. For a side opening door, if there is an adjacent compartment, more length may be required to achieve the 18" pull strike side clearance or the 12" push side clearance, if there is a closer other than a gravity closer. For end opening doors, the space allocation is dependent upon approach, and CA has slightly differing requirements than ADAS.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 206 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Toilet Compartments 6"

flush valve on wide side

60" min clr

provide 6" min clr beyond the side partition by 9" ht if the compartment width is 66" or less clr

6"

4" max

32" min clr opening 34" min clr side opening per CBC

provide 6" min clr beyond the front partition by 9" ht if compartment depth is 62" or less for wall-hung or 65" or less clr for floor mounted toilets

32" min clr opening 4" max

Toilet Compartment Clearances ▪▪ Toilets have a 60" minimum wide clear space along the plumbing wall ▪▪ Toilets have 59" deep clear space from the back wall if floor mounted and 56" if wall mounted ▪▪ No other fixtures or doors can overlap the toilet clear floor space except for grab bars, dispensers, sanitary napkin disposal units, coat hooks, shelves, clear floor space of other fixtures, and turning spaces ▪▪ An in-swinging door can swing into the space in front of the toilet clear floor space, but it cannot encroach into the minimum of 56" or 59" depth required for the toilet clear space ▪▪ Compartments with end opening doors require a minimum depth of 48" × 60" wide clear floor space directly in front of the toilet fixture per CBC ▪▪ Compartments with side opening doors require a clear floor space of a minimum of 60" × 60" directly in front of the toilet fixture per CBC

▪▪ All compartments with in-swinging doors provide a minimum depth of 36" × 60" wide clear floor directly in front of the toilet clear floor space per CBC ▪▪ Toe clearance of 9" height and 6" deep minimum beyond one side partition is provided if the compartment is 66" or less wide exclusive of partition support ▪▪ Toe clearance of 9" height and 6" deep beyond the front partition is [provided if the compartment is 62" or less deep for wall-hung toilets or 65" or less deep for floor mounted exclusive of partition support] [not required since stalls are required to be deeper than the ADAS minimum allowed per CBC] ▪▪ Toilet compartment toe clearances are smooth, with no rough or abrasive surfaces per CBC ▪▪ If a toilet compartment has more than one fixture, provide a 60" clear maneuvering space within the compartment itself

Toilet Compartments

207

Toilet Compartment Doors in Accessible Compartments The compartment door itself is located 4" maximum from the wall or partition on the hinge side and placed catty-cornered or diagonally across from the toilet. Clear width of doors is 32". [If the project is located in California and the door is located on the long edge, then it needs to increase to 34" clear.] Accessible compartment doors are also required to have the door clear floor space, a closer, door pulls on both sides at the correct height, and a locking mechanism that is accessible, as well as compliant closing speed, operating force, and kick plates. If the door has a gravity closer, then the push side of the door will not be required to have an additional 12" on the push strike side, although 18" is still required on the pull strike side. ▪▪ Compartment door is located catty-cornered to or diagonally across from the toilet ▪▪ Compartment door opening starts 4" maximum from the adjacent wall or partition ▪▪ Door is self-closing and takes 1.5 seconds minimum from 70° to the closed position for spring hinges, and 5 seconds minimum from 90° to 12° for closer ▪▪ Door pulls are provided on both sides near the latch ▪▪ Latch is a flip-over, sliding, or other device operable with one hand, not requiring tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of wrist

208 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

▪▪ Operable parts of door hardware are located a minimum of 34" to [48"] [44" AFF maximum per CBC]

Note  Compartment doors are required to have the compliant strike and hinge side clearances, depending upon the approach—if the door has a gravity closer, the push side will not require the additional 12" on the strike side

▪▪ Compartment doors have a clear unobstructed opening width of 32" minimum clear [for end opening and 34" minimum clear if located on the side partition per CBC] ▪▪ Compartment doors [with latch-side approach have 42" minimum clear, measured perpendicular to the closed compartment door] [have a minimum of 48" clear on the push side, and 60" on the pull side, regardless of approach per CBC] ▪▪ Doors within 10" of the floor have a smooth surface or kick plate on the push side for the full width to 10" minimum AFF ▪▪ Door opening force is 5 lbs. maximum, which does not apply to latch bolts keeping the door in a closed position ▪▪ The accessible compartment door can swing into the 60" restroom turning space without limitation, [but other doors are limited to a 12" encroachment per CBC]

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Toilet Compartments 213.3.4 Lavatories

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities  – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Toilet Compartments 11B-213.3.4 Lavatories

213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves 304.4 Turning Space – Door Swing 309 Operable Parts 404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware 404.2.8 Closing Speed 404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force 404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces

11B-213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves 11B-226.4 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Baby Changing Tables 11B-304.4 Turning Space – Door Swing 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-403.5.1 excep 5 Walking Surfaces – Clearances – Clear Width 11B-404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width

603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms

11B-404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware

603.4 Coat Hooks and Shelves

11B-404.2.8 Closing Speed

604.3.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance – Overlap 604.8 Toilet Compartments

11B-404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force 11B-404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces 11B-603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms

604.8.1.1 Wheelchair Accessible Compartments  – Size

11B-603.2.3 Clearances – Door Swing 11B-603.4 Coat Hooks, Shelves, and Medicine ­Cabinets

604.8.1.2 Doors 604.8.1.4 Toe Clearance 604.8.3 Coat Hooks and Shelves

11B-604.3.1 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance – Size 11B-604.3.2 Overlap 11B-604.8 Toilet Compartments

Advisory 213.3.1 Toilet Compartments

11B-604.8.1 Wheelchair Accessible Compartments

Advisory 604.8.1.1 Size

11B-604.8.1.1 Size 11B-604.8.1.1.1 Maneuvering Space with In-Swinging Door 11B-604.8.1.1.2 Maneuvering Space with Side-Opening Door 11B-604.8.1.1.3 Maneuvering Space with End-Opening Door 11B-604.8.1.2 Doors 11B-604.8.1.4 Toe Clearance 11B-604.8.3 Coat Hooks and Shelves   Advisory 213.3.1 Toilet Compartments Advisory 604.8.1.2 Doors Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

209

Restroom – Multi-User General Notes ▪▪ The room outside of the compartment requires a 60" diameter or a 60" × 60" T-shaped space with two 12" × 24" notches [and a 44" minimum clear route to the accessible stall per CBC] ▪▪ The turning space can overlap clear floor spaces of other fixtures, can use the knee/toe clearance under lavatories and counters for the turning diameter, and is limited to one side only for the T-shaped turning space ▪▪ Doors can swing into the turning space [a maximum of 12" with no limitation on the accessible compartment door per CBC] ▪▪ Clear floor spaces can overlap other clear floor spaces, but doors cannot swing into the required clear floor space of any fixture ▪▪ Facilities not required to have an accessible route to other stories have the accessible toilet facilities on a story that is connected by an accessible route to an accessible entry ▪▪ Baby-changing stations cannot project into the minimum required accessible route in the open position and [preferably] are not located inside the accessible compartment [- if located inside the compartment, when closed or opened they are not in the required clear space of the compartment door or toilet] [per CBC] ▪▪ Floors are stable, firm, and slip-resistant ▪▪ If floor drains exist, grate openings are ½" maximum, and the floor has 1:48 maximum slope with a maximum of ¼" vertical surface differential

Toilet Compartments ▪▪ Where toilet compartments are provided, one minimum is accessible [and 5% of the combination of toilets and urinals is accessible, whichever is greater,] and if there are 6 or more toilets and urinals, then an ambulatory stall is provided [in the same quantity as the accessible stalls per CBC] ▪▪ Latch-side approach for the compartment door is measured perpendicular to the closed door and has a minimum clearance of [42"] [48" on the push side and 60" on the pull side, regardless of approach per CBC] ▪▪ Compartments with end opening doors have a 60" wide × 48" deep clear floor space in front of the toilet fixture per CBC ▪▪ Compartments with side opening doors have a 60" × 60" clear floor space in front of the toilet fixture per CBC ▪▪ All compartments with in-swinging doors have an additional 60" wide × 36" deep clear floor space provided in front of the toilet clear floor space per CBC ▪▪ Toilet clear floor space is either 59" deep for a floor mounted toilet or 56" deep for a wall-hung toilet within the toilet compartment Note  A restroom with one toilet compartment is considered a multi-accommodation restroom if the entry door itself does not have a privacy lock

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 210 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Toilet Compartments – Side Opening Door Configurations Assumptions – toilet is flr mount & 31" d door stile is 4" door has a latch partitions are 1" thick & start 10" min AFF presuming there is a 60" d adjacent toilet stall dimensions are to face of finish overall dimensions include 1" tolerance

Controlling factors for compartment size: Depth - path of travel + adj stall = 36" + 61" + 1" tolerance = 98"* * add 12" if there is a closer mechanism other than a gravity closer Controlling factors for compartment size per CBC: Depth - path of travel + adj stall = 44" + 61" + 1" tolerance = 106"* * add 6" if there is a closer mechanism other than a gravity closer

8'-10" min per CBC

36" min per CBC

4" max

8'-2" min

56" min clr for wall-hung

60" min clr

60" min clr per CBC

44" min clr per CBC

36" min clr

* provide 12" min strike push side clearance only if there is a closer other than a gravity closer

59" min clr for flr mounted

6" d x 9" ht min toe space if stall is 66" or less in clr width

32" clr min opening 34" min clr opening per CBC

In-Swinging Door

Restroom – Multi-User

211

Controlling factors for compartment size: Depth - strike pull + door + hinge space + adj stall = 18" + 32" + 4" + 61" + 1" tolerance = 116" Controlling factors for compartment size per CBC: Depth - strike pull + door + hinge space + adj stall = 18" + 34" + 4" + 61" + 1" tolerance = 118"

32" clr min opening 34" min clr opening per CBC

Out-Swinging Door

212 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

9'-10" min per CBC

9'-8" min

56" min clr for wall-hung 4" max

18" min

60" min clr per CBC

44" min clr per CBC

36" min clr

60" min clr

59" min clr for flr mounted

6" d x 9" ht min toe space if stall is 66" or less in clr width

Toilet Compartments – End Opening Door Configuration Assumptions – toilet is flr mount & 31" d door stile is 4" door is 32" door has a latch partitions are 1" thick & start 10" min AFF presuming there is a 60" d adjacent toilet stall dimensions are to face of finish overall dimensions include 1" tolerance

Controlling factors for compartment size: Depth - toilet clr flr + partition + door pull space = 59" + 1" + 42" + 1" tolerance = 103" Controlling factors for compartment size per CBC: Depth - toilet + 48" maneuvering space + partition + door pull space = 31" + 48" + 1" + 60" + 1" tolerance = 141"

provide 6" d x 9" ht min toe space if stall is 62" or less in clr length for wall-hung or 65" or less for floor-mount

11'-9" min per CBC

8'-7" min

60" min clr per CBC

42" min clr

48" min clr per CBC

56" min clr for wall-hung

60" min clr

59" min clr for flr mounted

provide 6" d x 9" ht min toe space if stall is 66" or less in clr width

4" max 32" clr min opening

Out-Swinging Door

Restroom – Multi-User

213

Controlling factors for compartment size: Depth - toilet clr flr + door + partition + door push space = 59" + 32" + 1" + 42" + 1" tolerance = 135" Controlling factors for compartment size per CBC: Depth - toilet clr flr + 36" maneuvering + partition + door push space = 59" + 36" + 1" + 48" + 1" tolerance = 145"

32" clr min opening

In-Swinging Door

214 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

12'-1" min per CBC

11'-3" min

48" min clr per CBC

42" min clr

4" max

36" min per CBC 56" min clr for wall-hung

60" min clr

48" min clr per CBC

door can not swing over the toilet fixture clr flr space

59" min clr for flr mounted

6" d x 9" ht min toe space if stall is 66" or less in clr width

Controlling factors for compartment size: Depth - toilet clr flr + door + partition + door push space = 59" + 32" + 1" + 42" + 1" tolerance = 135" Controlling factors for compartment size per CBC: Depth - toilet clr flr + 36" maneuvering + partition + door push space = 59" + 36" + 1" + 48" + 1" tolerance = 145"

12'-1" min per CBC

4" max

36" min per CBC 56" min clr for wall-hung

48" min clr per CBC

42" min clr

48" min clr per CBC

60" min clr

11'-3" min

door can not swing over the toilet clr flr space

59" min clr for flr mounted

6" d x 9" ht min toe space if stall is 66" or less in clr width

32" clr min opening

In-Swinging Door

Restroom – Multi-User

215

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – ­General 213.3.1 Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Toilet Compartments 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 303 Changes in Level 304 Turning Space 603.2 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances 603.2.3 Door Swing 604.8.1.1 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Size 604.8.1.2 Doors Advisory 604.8.1.1 Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Size

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – General 11B-213.3.1 Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Toilet Compartments 11B-226.4 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Baby Changing Tables 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-303 Changes in Level 11B-304 Turning Space 11B-403.5.1 excep 5 Walking Surfaces – Clear Width 11B-404.2.4.1 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Maneuvering Clearances – Swinging Doors and Gates 11B-603.2 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Clearances 11B-603.2.3 Door Swing 11B-604.8.1.1 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Size 11B-604.8.1.2 Doors Advisory 11B-604.8.1.2 Doors

216 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Ambulatory Compartment 35" - 37" clr

Out-Swinging Door

44" min clr for latch approach per CBC

42" min clr

54" min

17" - 19"

12" max

CL

42" min

▪▪ Ambulatory compartments have a 60" minimum depth from the plumbing wall with 35" to 37" clear width

Ambulatory Compartment

60" min clr

▪▪ Provide 1 ambulatory compartment in large restrooms when the toilet and urinal fixture count together totals 6 or more, [and in the same quantity as the required number of accessible stalls when there are two or more per CBC]

CL

17" - 19"

if this adjacent space is increased to 60" min clr there is enough space for an accessible stall

18"

42" min

54" min

60" min clr

12" max

35" - 37" clr

60"

In-Swinging Door

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Ambulatory Compartment

217

▪▪ The centerline of the toilet is located in the space between 17" minimum to 19" maximum from a side wall

▪▪ Door pulls are provided on both sides of the door near the latch

▪▪ The door does not swing into the required compartment area

▪▪ The latch is a flip-over, sliding, or other device that does not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist

▪▪ The door clear opening is 32" minimum in the 90° position

▪▪ Door operating force is 5 lbs. maximum, which does not apply to latch bolts

▪▪ Side grab bars are located on both sides of the compartment, similar to the accessible toilet stall

▪▪ Doors with the bottom edge within 10" of the floor have a smooth surface on the push side, the full width to 10" AFF, [and are free of sharp or abrasive edges per CBC]

▪▪ Latch-side approach measured perpendicular to the closed door has [42" minimum clear] [44" minimum clear per CBC] ▪▪ Compartment door is self-closing and takes 1.5 seconds minimum from 70° to closed position for spring hinges, and 5 seconds minimum from 90° to 12° for closer ▪▪ Operable parts of door hardware are located 34" to [48" maximum AFF][44" maximum AFF per CBC]

218 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

▪▪ If other compartments have coat hooks or shelves, then the ambulatory compartment also has these accessories, with the coat hooks at a maximum of 48" AFF and within reach range to the top, and the shelf between 40" and 48" AFF

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Toilet Compartments 213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves 309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware 404.2.8 Closing Speed 404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force 404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces 604.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – ­Location 604.5.1 Grab Bars – Side Wall 604.8.2 Toilet Compartments – Ambulatory Accessible Compartments 604.8.3 Coat Hooks and Shelves 609 Grab Bars

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.1 Toilet Compartments and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Toilet Compartments 11B-213.3.7 Coat Hooks and Shelves 11B-309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 11B-404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 11B-404.2.7 Door and Gate Hardware 11B-404.2.8 Closing Speed 11B-404.2.9 Door and Gate Opening Force 11B-404.2.10 Door and Gate Surfaces 11B-604.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Location 11B-604.5.1 Grab Bars – Side Wall 11B-604.8.2 Toilet Compartments – Ambulatory Accessible Compartments 11B-604.8.3 Coat Hooks and Shelves 11B-609 Grab Bars

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

219

Urinals General Notes ▪▪ If [two or more] urinals are provided, then [one minimum is accessible] [10% with 1 minimum, is to be accessible per CBC] ▪▪ Provide a 30" × 48" level clear space in front of the urinal for forward approach; if the wall or shield projects more than 24" from the plumbing wall on both sides, provide a 36" × 48" clear floor space

Urinal – Plan

▪▪ Clear floor space has one full unobstructed side adjoining an accessible route or another clear floor space ▪▪ Flush controls are operable with one hand and do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist ▪▪ Hand operated flush controls are within reach range - [side reach is 46" maximum AFF if more than 10" back] [44" AFF maximum per CBC] ▪▪ The force to activate the flush valve is 5 lbs. ­maximum ▪ Stall type and wall hung urinals project a minimum of 13½" deep to the outer face of the urinal rim ▪ The rim of wall hung urinals is 17" maximum AFF

Urinal – Side View

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 220 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.3 Toilet Rooms or Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Urinals 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 305.6 Approach 305.7 Maneuvering Clearance 308.3 Reach Ranges – Side Reach 309 Operable Parts 605 Urinals

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.3 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Urinals 11B-305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 11B-305.6 Approach 11B-305.7 Maneuvering Clearance 11B-308.3 Side Reach 11B-309 Operable Parts 11B-605 Urinals

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

221

Showers General Notes

▪▪ Thresholds are a total height of ½" maximum with ¼" vertical and ¼" at a maximum slope of 1:2

▪▪ When showers are provided, 1 minimum is accessible [and if two or more accessible showers are provided in the same area, the controls are opposite hand from each other per CBC]

▪▪ Transfer shower [threshold can be a beveled, rounded, or vertical edge at ½" maximum height or for existing if the structural floor slab interferes it can go up to 2"] [is not an option for an accessible shower per CBC]

▪▪ All measurements for clear space within accessible compartments are taken from the centerpoint of the face of finish of opposing walls

▪▪ Transfer-type showers [have a 36" × 36" clear dimension with a 36" × 48" clear floor space outside of the stall, with the 48" aligned with the control wall and extending 12" beyond the seat wall] [are not an option for an accessible shower per CBC]

▪▪ The slope for the shower floor is 1:48 (2.083%) maximum per CBC Note  Although the ADA does not specifically call out slopes within a shower, the clear floor space requirements for controls and the seat itself do require a slope at 1:48 (2.083%) maximum

▪▪ A standard roll-in shower has a minimum clear space within of 30" × 60", with one full 60" side open and aligned with the clear floor space adjacent and outside of the shower, of [30" x 60"] [36" × 60" per CBC]

▪▪ Floor drain grate covers have a ¼" maximum opening which are flush with the floor or have a ¼" maximum height differential per CBC

Shower Configurations 60" min clr to centerpoints of face of finish on opposite walls 27" max 6"

36" min clr per CBC

30" min clr

Seat Wall

3" max

Side Wall

clr flr space

30" min clr

19" min per CBC

Back Wall 6"

location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit if a seat is provided - 27" from seat wall

location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit with its handle - 19" to 27" from seat wall per CBC

full opening width along long side

60" min clr

lavatory opposite seat wall with knee/toe clearance below

Standard Roll-In Compartment | Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 222 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

▪▪ A lavatory [with knee-toe clearance can be placed in the clear floor space of the roll-in shower if it is located on the side opposite the controls and seat, if a seat is provided] [cannot be placed in the shower clear floor space per CBC]

▪▪ An alternate roll-in shower has a clear dimension of 36" deep with a minimum length of 60"—the 60" side is partially enclosed, leaving a minimum of a 36" clear opening and a minimum of 24" for the seat wall ▪▪ In sleeping accommodations for social service center establishments with over 50 beds, a roll-in shower is to be provided for each sex, with grab bars and a seat installed alternate location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit only if a seat is provided - 15" from centerline of seat on back wall

36" clr

Entry Side Wall

Control Side Wall

6" max 17" to 19"

19" min per CBC

CL Back Wall

Seat Wall

location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit with its handle - 19" to 27" from seat wall per CBC

shower spray unit & handle - 17" to 19" from seat wall per CBC

3" max

location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit whether or not a seat is provided - 27" from seat wall

36" min opening 60" min clr to centerpoint of walls

Alternate Roll-In Compartment 36" clr at centerpoints of face of finish of wall 18"

a folding or non-folding seat is provided 15" max

Control Wall

Seat Wall

3" max

CL

Back Wall 36" clr

27" max

alternate location of shower spray unit & handle - 15" from centerline of seat on back wall per CBC

6" max

6" max

water controls & shower spray unit - within 15" of the seat centerline to the open side

36" x 48" min clr floor space - short end aligned with control wall

Transfer Compartment - Not Allowed per CBC Showers

223

Water Controls & Spray Units

▪▪ The height of operable parts of the controls and faucet is centered 39" to 41" above the shower floor and located on the wall adjacent to the seat per CBC

▪▪ Water controls and shower spray units are operable with one hand; do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; and with a maximum of 5 lbs. operating force

▪▪ Operable parts of the shower spray unit, including its handle, are 48" maximum above the shower floor, and for roll-in showers are located on the back wall 19" to 27" from the seat wall; or for alternate roll-in showers, the location can either be on the end wall adjacent to the seat at 17" to 19" from the seat wall, or can be located on the back wall 15" on either side of the seat centerline per CBC

▪▪ Water controls and faucet are of a single-lever design per CBC ▪▪ Transfer compartments [have the controls, faucets, and spray unit 38" minimum to 48" maximum above the shower floor and located on the side wall within 15"of either side of the seat centerline] [are not an option for the accessible shower per CBC]

▪▪ The spray unit can be used both as a fixed shower head and a hand-held with an on/off control with a non-positive shut-off; if the showerhead is ­adjustable on a vertical bar, the bar does not obstruct grab bars and provides 1½" clear above the grab bar

▪▪ Controls and faucets [and shower spray units] are installed above the grab bar at 48" maximum above the shower floor and located [a minimum of 19" to] a maximum of 27" from the seat wall [and in alternate roll-in showers they can also be located on the back wall centered within 15"of either side of the seat centerline] [per CBC]

▪▪ The spray hose length is 59" minimum ▪▪ The water temperature is 120° maximum for shower spray units

Shower Controls location of controls & faucet Ð 19" to 27" from seat wall & centered 39" to 41" above shower floor per CBC location of operable parts of the spray unit with its handle - 19" to 27" from seat wall & 48" max above shower floor per CBC location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit if a seat is provided - 27" max from seat wall, above the grab bar, & 48" max above the shower floor

27" max 19" min per CBC

fold-up seat

Back Wall 6" max when

seat is folded per CBC

Roll-In Shower 224 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

39" to 41"

17" to 19"

33" to 36"

CL

48" max

6" max

▪▪ Hand-held spray units preferably deliver the equivalent water pressure as fixed shower heads

▪▪ A fixed shower head can be used instead of a hand-held device if provided at 48" maximum above the shower floor with the exceptions of medical care, long-term care, transient lodging guest rooms, and residential dwelling units, [but only if located in high-vandalism areas and only if 2 fixed shower heads are provided that can operate independently of each other, with swivel angle adjustments both vertically and horizontally, with one at 48" maximum AFF per CBC] location of operable parts of the spray unit with its handle - 17" to 19" from seat wall & 48" max above shower floor per CBC location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit if a seat is provided - 27" max from seat wall, above the grab bar, & 48" max above the shower floor

27" max 19" min per CBC

Fold-up seat

17" to 19"

33" to 36"

CL 39" to 41"

48" max

6" max

Control Side Wall 6" max when

location of controls & faucet - 19" to 27" from seat wall & centered 39" to 41" above shower floor per CBC

folded per CBC

Alternate Roll-In Shower - Control Wall Back Wall

alternate location of controls, faucet, & shower spray unit if a seat is provided - 15" max from centerline of the seat, above the grab bar, & 48" above the shower floor max

15" max 6" max

Fold-up seat

33" to 36"

48" max

6" max

alternate location of operable parts of the spray unit with its handle - 15" max from the centerline of the seat & 48" max above shower floor per CBC

CL of seat on opposite wall

Alternate Roll-In Shower - Back Wall Showers

225

Seats ▪▪ Showers are not required to have seats in public multi-family mobility dwelling units, but reinforcement is to be provided for future ­installation ▪▪ Folding seats are to be provided in mobility feature guest rooms in transient lodging, in mobility feature sleeping rooms for student housing, and mobility feature sleeping accommodations for social service center establishments, [and in all other accessible roll-in showers except in multi-family dwelling units built by or on behalf of a public entity per CBC] ▪▪ Transfer shower compartments [have a folding or non-folding seat provided] [are not allowed per CBC] ▪▪ Top of seat is a minimum of 17" to 19" maximum above the shower floor ▪▪ The seat and supporting structure allow for vertical and horizontal bending, shear, and tensile forces of 250 lbs. minimum

Shower Seat Configurations

226 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

▪▪ Folding seats project 6" maximum from wall per CBC ▪▪ Grab bars are not located above the seat ▪▪ Seats can be either rectangular or L-shaped ▪▪ Seats start within 3" of the compartment entry, and their length is set by the length of the seat wall ▪▪ Both rectangular and L-shaped seats are located with a maximum space of 2½" from the seat wall and 1½" maximum from the adjacent wall ▪▪ Rectangular seat edges are 15" minimum to 16" maximum from the seat wall to the front ▪▪ L-shaped seats are also 15" minimum to 16" maximum from the seat wall to the front edge, but the bottom leg of the L is located on the wall furthest from the entry and extends 22"–23" from the seat wall and a minimum of 14" to 15" maximum from the adjacent wall

Accessories ▪▪ [Grab bars for transfer showers are located on the control-side wall and from this wall to the centerline of the back wall] [transfer showers are not an option per CBC] ▪▪ Grab bars for standard roll-in compartments are located on the back and side wall opposite the seat [and on the other side wall if there is no seat] at 33"–36" AFF to the top—not over the seat—and within 6" maximum from an inside corner [per CBC] ▪▪ Grab bars for alternate roll-in compartments are located on the back wall and the side wall furthest from the entry, starting at the outside edge of the seat at 33"–36" AFF to the top, and within 6" maximum from adjacent wall

▪▪ Grab bars are installed at the same height when multiple grab bars are provided rather than an L-shaped grab bar ▪▪ Bathrooms in multi-family dwelling units built by or on behalf of a public entity are not required to have grab bars if reinforcement is provided for future installation ▪▪ Bathrooms supporting student housing sleeping rooms with mobility features are required to have grab bars installed ▪▪ Shower enclosures do not obstruct the controls, faucet, spray unit, or the transfer from a wheelchair to the seat ▪▪ If a soap dish is provided, it is located on the control wall, 40" maximum above the shower floor, and within reach range of the shower seat per CBC

Showers

227

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.6 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Bathing F ­ acilities 309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 608 Shower Compartments 608.2 Size and Clearances for Shower Compartments 608.2.1 Transfer Type Shower Compartments 608.2.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments 608.2.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments 608.3 Grab Bars 608.4 Seats 608.5 Controls 608.5.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments 608.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water 608.7 Thresholds 608.8 Shower Enclosures 610.3 Seats – Shower Compartment Seats 610.4 Structural Strength

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources: Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.104 Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.151(e) New Construction and Alterations – Social Service Center Establishments §35.151(f)(3) Housing at a Place of Education Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.104(1) Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education; Place of Public Accommodation Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.406(d) Standards for New Construction and Alterations ­– Social Service Center Establishments §36.406(e)(3) Housing at a Place of Education

228 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.6 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Bathing Facilities 11B-309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 11B-608 Shower Compartments 11B-608.2 Size and Clearances for Shower Compartments 11B-608.2.2 Standard Roll-In Type Shower Compartments 11B-608.2.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments 11B-608.3 Grab Bars 11B-608.4 Seats 11B-608.5 Controls 11B-608.5.3 Alternate Roll-In Type Shower Compartments 11B-608.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water 11B-608.7 Thresholds 11B-608.8 Shower Enclosures 11B-608.9 Shower Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-608.10 Soap Dish 11B-610.3 Seats – Shower Compartment Seats 11B-610.4 Structural Strength

Bathtubs

▪▪ A tub with a permanent seat has a clear floor space with a minimum width of 30" for the full length of the tub, extending an extra 12" minimum at the head end wall [for parallel approach, and a 48" minimum width with forward approach per CBC] ▪▪ A tub with a removable seat has a clear floor space with a minimum width of 30" for the full length of the tub [for parallel approach, and 48" minimum with forward approach per CBC] ▪▪ A lavatory with knee and toe clearance can be located in the clear floor space at the control end wall only ▪▪ Bathtub enclosures do not obstruct any controls, faucets, or shower spray units, nor can they obstruct transfer from a wheelchair into the bathtub or onto the seat ▪▪ Enclosures, if provided, do not have tracks on the rim of the open face of the bathtub ▪▪ Multi-family dwelling units built by or on behalf of a public entity are not required to have grab bars installed in the units, but do have reinforcement for future installation of grab bars ▪▪ Transient lodging mobility guest rooms, and student housing mobility sleeping rooms do have grab bars installed in the bathroom that supports the mobility sleeping room

Water Controls & Spray Units ▪▪ All controls except the drain stopper are located on the control end wall between the bathtub rim and below the grab bar, and from the centerline of the control end wall out towards the open front edge of the tub ▪▪ Faucets and shower spray units are operable with one hand; do not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist; and operate with 5 lbs. maximum operating force

all tub controls other than the drain stopper

24" min

8" to 10"

▪▪ When bathtubs are provided, 1 minimum is ­accessible

Bathtubs – Control-End Wall Elevation

33" to 36"

General Notes

CL ▪▪ Spray unit can be used both as a fixed showerhead and a hand-held with an on/off control with a non-positive shut-off; if the shower head is adjustable on a vertical bar, the bar does not obstruct or come within 1½" of the grab bars ▪▪ Spray hose length is 59" minimum ▪▪ Shower spray units deliver 120° maximum water temperature ▪▪ Hand-held spray units preferably deliver the equivalent water pressure as fixed shower heads

Bathtub Seats ▪▪ A permanent seat at the head end wall or a removable in-tub seat is provided ▪▪ Top of bathtub seat is 17" minimum to 19" maximum AFF of the bathroom ▪▪ The seat and supporting structure allow for a vertical and horizontal bending stress, shear, and tensile force of 250 lbs. minimum ▪▪ A removable seat is a minimum depth of 15" to 16" maximum and requires secure placement without slipping during use ▪▪ A permanent seat is a minimum depth of 15" from the head end wall and extends from the back wall to or beyond the outside bathtub edge ▪▪ An L-shaped or U-shaped bar is permitted when grab bars are required on adjacent walls at a common height per CBC

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Bathtubs

229

Bathtubs with Permanent Seats ▪▪ Two grab bars are located on the back wall—one at 33" minimum to 36" maximum AFF to the top and the second located at 8" minimum to 10" maximum above the bathtub rim ▪▪ Both grab bars are located 15" maximum from the head end wall and 12" maximum from the control end wall

▪▪ A third grab bar is located on the control end wall starting at the open edge of the bathtub and at 33" to 36" AFF to top with a minimum length bar of 24" Note  Although not required, consider extending the control end wall grab bar beyond the outside of the tub—this is helpful for balance when operating the controls

Bathtubs with Permanent Seat 15" max

forward approach tub + permanent seat

12" min

optional lavatory location within tub clr flr space with knee/toe clearance below at control end wall only

Plan View

Head End Wall 15" min

Elevation View

230 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

17" to 19"

15" max

Control End Wall

8" to 10"

33" to 36" to top of bar

12" max

30" min clr for parallel approach 48" min clr for forward approach per CBC

clr flr space

30" min

15" min

parallel approach

built-in seat is 17" to 19" above bathroom flr & 15" min deep

Head End Wall

Control End Wall

Back Wall

CL

18" min per CBC

24" min

12" max

Bathtubs with Removable In-Tub Seats ▪▪ Two grab bars are located on the back wall—one at 33" minimum to 36" maximum AFF to the top, and the second located at 8" minimum to 10" maximum above the bathtub rim ▪▪ Both back grab bars are 24" minimum in length and located 24" maximum from the head end wall and 12" maximum from the control end wall

▪▪ A third grab bar is located on the control end wall starting at the open edge of the bathtub and at 33" to 36" AFF to top with a minimum length bar of 24" ▪▪ A fourth grab bar is located on the head end wall starting at the open edge of the bathtub and at 33" to 36" AFF to top with a minimum length of 12"

Bathtubs with Removable Seat 12" max 24" min 24" max

12" min

Head End Wall

30" min

parallel approach

clr flr space

CL

Control End Wall

Back Wall

forward approach tub length

optional lavatory location at control end wall only within tub clr flr space with knee/toe clearance below lavatory

Plan View

17" to 19"

24" max

Head End Wall

Control End Wall

8" to 10"

12" max

33" to 36" to top of bar

18" min per CBC

24" min

15" to 16"

30" min clr for parallel approach 48" min clr for forward approach per CBC

removable seat is 17" to 19" above bathroom floor & 15" to 16" deep

Elevation View

Bathtubs

231

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources: 213.3.6 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Plumbing Fixtures and Accessories – Bathing F ­ acilities 309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 607 Bathtubs 607.2 Clearance 607.3 Seat 607.4 Grab Bars 607.5 Controls 607.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water 607.7 Bathtub Enclosures 609.4 Grab Bars – Position of Grab Bars 610.2 Seats – Bathtub Seats 610.4 Structural Strength

232 Restrooms & Bathing Facilities

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-213.3.6 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Bathing Facilities 11B-309.4 Operable Parts – Operation 11B-607 Bathtubs 11B-607.2 Clearance 11B-607.3 Seat 11B-607.4 Grab Bars 11B-607.5 Controls 11B-607.6 Shower Spray Unit and Water 11B-607.7 Bathtub Enclosures 11B-609.4 Grab Bars – Position of Grab Bars 11B-610.2 Seats – Bathtub Seats 11B-610.4 Structural Strength

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

CHAPTER 6

Other elements  Hotel and motel guest rooms, multi-family dwelling units, student housing sleeping rooms, and social service center sleeping accommodations each have numerous requirements, some of which overlap. Although there is some similarity, each of these have diverse elements, with their own set of technical and scoping requirements. This chapter also provides technical and scoping information on other building use types such as assembly, storage, employee areas, and suggested requirements for children areas.

cHIldren’S SuggeSted reQuIrementS Children’s Reach Ranges  ▪ Children’s reach ranges vary by age group ▪ Suggested children’s reach ranges are the same for forward and side reach for coat hooks, lockers, or operable parts, etc. Ages 3-4

20" minimum to 36" maximum AFF

Ages 5-8

18" minimum to 40" maximum AFF

Ages 9-12

16" minimum to 44" maximum AFF

▪ Use adult reach ranges for children over 12 years of age

Handrails for Children

Handrails & Ramps for Children  ▪ When children are the primary users, a second handrail can be located on stairs and ramps at a maximum height of 28" AFF to the top of the rail with a suggested 9" minimum space below the standard handrail

Table & Work Surfaces for Children  ▪ The tops of table and work surfaces for children are 26" minimum to 30" maximum AFF ▪ Knee and toe clearance is provided with 24'' minimum clear height below and with the same depth as for adult knee/toe clearance ▪ Children 5 and under can use a 30" x 48" clear floor space for parallel approach instead of a front approach

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 233

Tables & Work Surfaces for Children – Side View 19" - 25" per CBC 17" - 25" 11" 8"

▪ A parallel approach is permitted for drinking fountains for children’s use, with the spout at 30" maximum AFF and located a maximum of 3½" from the front edge of the unit—alcoves need a minimum of 48" in width, or 60" if recessed over 15" deep

26" - 30"

24" min clr

9"

24" min clr per CBC

Play Areas for Children 

Required knee-toe space below table & work surface

Children's Tables & Work Surfaces Tables & Work Surfaces for Children 5 Years & Younger

30" x 48" clr flr space for parallel approach

Drinking Fountains for Children 32" min per CBC

18" to 25" per CBC

CL 15" min clr

17" - 25"

Drinking Fountains for Children 

EQ

EQ

30" x 48" clr floor space centered on low drinking fountain for parallel approach OR 60" x 30" if alcove is deeper than 15"

Plan View 234 Other elements 

▪ One minimum accessible route is provided within a play area connecting to accessible ground level and elevated play components, and to soft-contained play structure entry points ▪ Circulation paths within play areas have no limitations for protruding objects, provided the accessible routes serving the ground level play components have a minimum vertical height clearance of 80", with the exception of accessible routes for water play components that are submerged ▪ An accessible route for ground level play is a minimum width of 60", which can narrow down to 36" wide for a distance of 60" maximum, if there is 60" minimum length between each side of the narrowed area ▪ If the play area is less than 1,000 SF, the accessible route can be reduced to 44" minimum clear and includes a turning space if this narrowed route is greater than 30 LF ▪ Elevated accessible routes are a minimum width of 36", which can narrow down to 32" wide for a distance of 24" maximum if there is 48" minimum in between each narrowed area

▪▪ Ramps at ground level use zones for play equipment do not require handrails ▪▪ Ramps connecting ground level play area equipment have a maximum slope of 1:16 (6.25%) and in elevated play are 1:12 (8.33%) maximum ▪▪ Children’s play area ramps have differing requirements for handrail heights and gripping surfaces ▪▪ Handrails at play area equipment have an outside diameter of .95" to 1.55" and are located 20" to 28" above the ramp surface ▪▪ Handrail extensions are not required on any ramps serving play components ▪▪ Stairs connecting play components are not required to comply with stair requirements [with the exception of the contrasting striping on the treads and landing per CBC]

Restrooms for Children  ▪▪ Children’s restrooms used primarily by ages 12 years and younger have the same requirements as adults’ except as noted below ▪▪ Dimensions for children’s restrooms are optional, but if used, are consistently applied by age group for the full toilet installation and all other elements

▪▪ Toilet compartments solely for children’s use, have a minimum clear width of 60" by 59" in depth from the back wall for the toilet clear floor space and comply with adult requirements except as noted below, [including required clearances in front of the toilet per CBC] ▪▪ Toilet compartment partitions have a minimum clear height of 12" AFF, extending 6" beyond one side partition [and the front partition; this is not required at the front partition if the compartment is over 65" in depth from the back wall], and is not required at the side partition if the compartment is over 66" in width [and the bottom of the partitions are smooth without any sharp or abrasive surfaces per CBC] ▪▪ The flush valve is located on the open side of the toilet at 36" maximum AFF with a maximum operating force of 5 lbs.—the valve requires a clear floor space of 30" x 48" or 36" x 48" if the toilet is greater than 24" deep from the back wall ▪▪ The toilet paper dispenser is located in front of the toilet 7" to 9" from the front edge of the toilet to the centerline of the dispenser, allowing for continuous paper flow without controlled delivery, and is operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist—the suggested height is dependent upon dominant age group

Toilet Compartments for Children

CL

toilet paper dispenser outlet is 14" min to 19" max AFF*

11" - 17" to top of seat*

18" - 27" *

7" to 9" to centerline

59" deep clr flr space for children's toilet compartments with additional depth requirements depending upon door swing and location per CBC * Range of dimensions are dependent upon age of predominiant user group and are to be applied consistantly

Children’s Suggested Requirements

235

Lavatories for Children 6–12 Years Old

knee clearance from 9" AFF to 24" AFF is 11" min deep tapering to 8" min deep above

8" min

9" min

24" min

31" max

toe clearance from 0" AFF to 9" AFF extends 6" max beyond the knee clearance

48" deep lavatory clr flr space

11" min

6" min

17" min to 19" max clr flr space below the lav per CBC 17" min to 25" max

▪▪ Grab bars are located at 18" to 27" AFF, depending upon the age group, and otherwise located similarly to adults with the same requirements ▪▪ A lavatory for use by children ages 6 to 12 years of age has knee clearance at a minimum of 24" AFF where the rim of the counter is 31" maximum AFF ▪▪ Lavatory for use by children 5 years and younger can use a parallel approach with no knee clearance ▪▪ Ambulatory compartment has the toilet centered 17"-19" from a side wall

236 Other Elements 

Children’s Restroom Component Locations:  ▪▪ Choose according to the age of the primary user group and apply consistently Item

Ages 3 & 4

Ages 5 thru 8

Ages 9 thru 12

Toilet seat height

11"–12"

12"–15"

15"–17"

Toilet centerline from wall

12"

12"–15"

15"–18"

Grab bar height AFF to top

18"–20"

20"–25"

25"–27"

Dispenser height

14"

14"–17"

17"–19"

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  204.1 excep 2 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Protruding Objects – General 206.2.17 Play Areas 210.1 excep 4 Stairways – General 305.7.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Maneuvering Clearance – Parallel Approach 309.2 Operable Parts – Clear Floor Space 309.4 Operation 602.2 excep Drinking Fountains – Clear Floor Space 604.1 excep Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – General 604.2 Location 604.3 Clearance 604.5 Grab Bars 604.8.1.1 Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Size 604.8.1.4 Toe Clearance 604.9 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments for Children’s Use 604.9.5 Flush Controls 604.9.6 Dispensers 606.2 excep 4, 5 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space 609.4 Grab Bars – Position of Grab Bars 902.4 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces for Children’s Use 1008.2 Play Areas – Accessible Routes 1008.2.4 Clear Width 1008.2.5 Ramps  Advisory 308.1 General Advisory 505.4 Height Advisory 604.9 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments for Children’s Use

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-204.1 excep 2 Accessible Routes – Where Required –Protruding Objects – General 11B-206.2.17 Play Areas 11B-210.1 excep 4 Stairways – General 11B-305.7.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Maneuvering Clearance – Parallel Approach 11B-308.4 Reach Ranges – Suggested Reach Ranges for Children 11B-309.2 Operable Parts – Clear Floor Space 11B-309.2 Operation 11B-602.2 excep Drinking Fountains – Clear Floor Space 11B-604.1 excep Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – General 11B-604.2 Location 11B-604.3 Clearance 11B-604.5 Grab Bars 11B-604.8.1.1 Toilet Compartments – Wheelchair Accessible Compartments – Size 11B-604.8.1.4 Toe Clearance 11B-604.9 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments for Children’s Use 11B-604.9.5 Flush Controls 11B-604.9.6 Dispensers 11B-606.2 excep 4, 5 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space 11B-609.4 Position of Grab Bars 11B-902.4 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces for Children’s Use 11B-1008.2 Play Areas – Accessible Routes 11B-1008.2.4 Clear Width 11B-1008.2.5 Ramps

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

237

Storage, Lockers, and Fitting & Dressing Rooms Storage  ▪▪ A level clear floor space of 30" x 48" is provided in front of the accessible storage ▪▪ All parts of accessible storage are within reach range and operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist and require 5 lbs. maximum of force ▪▪ Where storage is provided in an accessible space, one of each type is accessible, which can include but is not limited to closets, cabinets, shelves, hang rods, hooks, and drawers Like most other things in Access, the requirements for storage depend upon its use. In order for storage to be considered accessible, it needs to be within reach range, whether side or forward reach, and from a level clear floor space that is along an accessible route. If it has any operable parts, then they are required to be operable with one hand and with 5 lbs. maximum operating force without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The issue though, is the scoping—how much do we need, which depends upon storage type. General storage is required to have one minimum of each type of storage, located in each accessible storage area, to be accessible. Different types of storage include shelving (open and closed shelving), drawers, clothes hang rods, hooks, towel rods, lockers, cabinets, etc. Additional storage can be provided that is not within reach range, as long as one of each type, in each area, is accessible. Some examples are: ▪▪ A linen closet with a shelf in a mobility feature dwelling unit in public residential facilities and in social service center mobility sleeping accommodations ▪▪ A clothes closet in a mobility feature guest room in transient lodging, and mobility feature student housing units, for both the hang rod and shelf ▪▪ An iron and ironing board wall storage device in transient lodging mobility feature guest rooms ▪▪ Shelves and drawers in an employee lounge or break room with a sink but no cooking elements ▪▪ A guest room in a hotel with a wet bar, refrigerator, and counter but no built-in cooking elements— coffee machines are generally not considered cooking elements per the US Access Board

One of each type is somewhat a loose designation. If you had a clothes closet split with a hang rod and shelf at the typical height and an additional lower one of each, within reach range, that is all that is required— the full closet is not required to have everything within reach range. If a linen closet shelf has full extension hardware, it would make it more usable, but this is not required. NOTE Defining Kitchen and Kitchenette The term kitchen or kitchenette has not been defined by ADAS but standard dictionaries define it as a room or area where food is prepared and cooked, with a kitchenette being a small kitchen. According to these definitions, if the kitchen or kitchenette does have cooking elements, then 50% of the shelving space is required to be accessible. DOJ does not address drawer space or other types of storage in kitchens— just shelving. The US Access Board has a broad interpretation equating drawers as being synonymous with shelving; however, this has not yet been tested or determined as equivalent by DOJ. Kitchen storage is challenging since typical wall cabinets are not within reach range. A nonviable solution is removing all wall cabinet shelving to help meet the 50% criteria. This, though, is not really practical or commonly accepted, since the storage would not be equivalent to a non-mobility unit kitchen. Some alternatives for making kitchens accessible with 50% of the shelving within reach range are:

•• Provide pull-out shelves in the base cabinets with full extensions

•• Provide half height pantries and with pull-out shelves if they are base cabinet depth

•• Provide islands with end-cap half height cabinets along the ends of the island

•• Make the base cabinets deeper than typical and bring some of the wall cabinets down to the counter surface— if the bottom 2 shelves of the wall cabinets are on full pull-out extensions, they would be within reach range There is no standard for calculation purposes of the 50%, although the US Access Board suggests measuring the linear dimension of the front edge of the shelves. This equates the storage in wall cabinets as being the same as base cabinets since you cannot reach into the base cabinets. As an option, consider using fullextension hardware on the base cabinet shelves and calculate the surface area of the shelves instead of the linear frontage.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 238 Other Elements 

▪▪ Shelf storage in kitchens has 50% minimum of the shelf space within reach range ▪▪ Self-service shelving is located on an accessible route, but is not required to be within reach range including shelving and displays in stores and post offices ▪▪ Library book stacks for public use, are 54" maximum AFF unless an attendant is available for assistance per CBC ▪▪ Library book stacks for employee use only, are not required to be within reach range per CBC

▪▪ If coat hooks, shelves, and mirrors are provided within group rooms, then one minimum is also provided within accessible reach range in group rooms; and if provided in individual compartments, they are provided in the accessible compartment as well ▪▪ An accessible bench is provided in both rooms and compartments ▪▪ A 60" turning space is provided within the room or compartment

Self-Storage Facilities  ▪▪ Self-storage facilities must have 5% of the units accessible, with a minimum of 1; if more than 200 units, provide 10 accessible units plus an additional 2% of the total over 200 ▪▪ Accessible self-storage units are dispersed by class (types) and located on an accessible route, but are not required to be dispersed by buildings if the facility is multi-building

Dressing Room – Plan 72" min clr depending upon bench width 78" min clr depending upon bench width per CBC 42" min 48" min per CBC

▪▪ Non-accessible self-storage units are not required to be on an accessible route

Locker, Fitting, & Dressing Rooms:  ▪▪ Where dressing rooms, fitting rooms, and locker rooms are provided, 5%, with a minimum of one of each type of use within each cluster is accessible

80" to 84" depending upon bench depth

self-service shelving is located on an accessible route

▪▪ The door does not swing into the room unless a [30" x 48" clear floor space] [60" turning space] is provided outside of the door swing, [and the arc of the door swing does not overlap the turning space per CBC]

20" min to 24" max

an attendant per CBC

54" max in library without

Shelving no reach range limitations for shelving

▪▪ In alterations, if it is technically infeasible to provide 5% accessible for dressing, fitting, or locker rooms, provide one accessible room for each gender on each floor

60" turning space 30" x 48" clr space at end of bench

Storage, Lockers, and Fitting & Dressing Rooms

239

▪▪ If lockers are provided, one minimum of each type is accessible with 5% minimum of the total, which includes reach range, located on a 36" minimum wide accessible route, 5 lbs maximum force, and operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist

Note  The requirement of one-of-each-type of locker may actually require more than 5% of the total lockers be provided

▪▪ If coat hooks and shelves are provided within the space, shelves are located at 40"–48" AFF, and the hooks within reach range [and not located above the bench or other seating per CBC] ▪▪ If mirrors are provided, an accessible mirror is to be provided in the group rooms and individual compartments

▪▪ Mirrors have the bottom edge of the reflecting surface 20" maximum AFF, with a minimum width of 18" and a minimum height of 54", and are to be viewable to someone seated on the bench or standing per CBC

Fixed Benches for Changing of Clothes:  ▪▪ The bench has a clear floor space of 30" x 48" perpendicular to its short end with a 1:48 maximum slope to allow for side transfer onto the bench ▪▪ The bench has integral back support or is affixed to an adjacent wall, with a minimum length of [42"][48"] and with the back support starting 2" maximum above the seat surface and extending to 18" minimum above the seat surface [per CBC] ▪▪ Benches are fixed to the floor or wall per CBC ▪▪ The bench has a 2½" maximum space measured horizontally between the back edge of the seat to the face of the wall/back support

Mirrors in Locker Rooms, Fitting Rooms, & Dressing Rooms

240 Other Elements 

top of reflecting surface

recommend 74" min AFF to

18" min * 35" max AFF to bottom o reflecting surface

of reflecting surface *

20" max AFF to bottom

54" min *

* in dressing & fitting rooms per CBC

Fixed Benches

▪ The seat is 20" minimum to 24" maximum deep, a minimum of [42"][48"] in length, and 17" minimum to 19" maximum AFF [per CBC] ▪ The seat and supporting structure allow for a vertical and horizontal bending stress, shear and tensile forces of 250 lbs. minimum ▪ In exterior locations or at showers or pools, the seat surface should be slip resistant and not allow for any accumulation of water

stOrage, lOCkers, and Fitting & dressing rOOms

241

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  206.4.5 excep Accessible Routes – Entrances – Tenant Spaces 222 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 225 Storage – Storage 225.2.1 Lockers 225.2.2 Self-Service Shelving 225.3 Self-Service Storage Facilities 305.3 Clear Floor or Ground Space – Size 803 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 804.5 Kitchens and Kitchenettes – Storage 811 Storage 903 Benches

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-206.4.5 excep Accessible Routes – Entrances – Tenant Spaces 11B-222 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 11B-222.3 Mirrors 11B-225 Storage 11B-225.2.1 Storage – Lockers 11B-225.2.2 Self-Service Shelving 11B-225.2.3 excep Library Book Stacks 11B-225.3 Self-Service Storage Facilities 11B-304.3 Turning Space – Size 11B-803 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 11B-803.5 Coat Hooks and Shelves 11B-803.6 Mirrors 11B-804.5 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Wet Bars – Storage 11B-811 Storage 11B-903 Benches

242 Other Elements 

Assembly – Circulation & Seating General Notes:  ▪▪ If a circulation path directly connects the assembly seating to the performance area, then an accessible route also directly connects both areas ▪▪ Provide an accessible route from performance areas to ancillary areas used by performers [unless the elevator exemptions apply (i.e., less than 3,000 SF per floor or less than 3 stories)], [which includes orchestra pits, stages, and platforms in new construction and temporary installations since they are considered levels and are not stories per CBC] ▪▪ Accessible lawn seating and exterior overflow seating areas connect to an accessible route even if the seating is not fixed ▪▪ A wheelchair space has an additional 3 contiguous seats in the same row available for purchase

Assembly Wheelchair Seating – Options for Contiguous Seats companion seat - can be movable or fixed

▪▪ Wheelchair spaces adjoin the accessible route, but do not overlap the required minimum circulation path, and cannot be thru another wheelchair seating space—the minimum required circulation path is adjacent to and does not overlap the required seating space Note  If the circulation path is wider than the required minimum set by fire and life safety codes, the wheelchair space can overlap the area of the circulation path that is in excess of this required minimum

▪▪ Wheelchair seating has a maximum slope of 1:48 (2.083%) and is stable, firm, and slip resistant, and if carpeted, it has ½" maximum pile height ▪▪ Wheelchair seating accessed from front or back has a minimum depth of 48", and if only side accessed, has a 60" minimum depth ▪▪ An individual wheelchair space is a minimum width of 36", and if 2 spaces are adjacent, then provide 33" minimum in width for each

Wheelchair & Companion Seating – Front Approach 36" min

36"

36"

companion seat - can be movable or fixed

48" min deep

companion seat - can be movable or fixed

Single Wheelchair & Companion Seat

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue strikeout line itself—everything in black pertains | Assembly – Circulation & Seating

243

33" min

33" min

36"

36"

companion seat - can be movable or fixed

36"

48" min deep

companion seat - can be movable or fixed

Double Wheelchair & Companion Seat

Wheelchair & Companion Seating – Side Approach 36" min

36"

▪▪ In areas of fixed seating, an accessible route is not required to seating areas where no accessible seats are located ▪▪ Aisle ramps require handrails within the aisle or on one side, at a minimum, and they are not required to be continuous [in aisles that directly serve any seating per CBC]

Single Wheelchair & Companion Seat 33" min

companion seat - can be movable or fixed

36"

36"

60" min deep

companion seat - can be movable or fixed

33" min

Double Wheelchair & Companion Seat

244 Other Elements 

36"

36"

60" min deep

companion seat - can be movable or fixed

▪▪ Wheelchair spaces are dispersed with lines of sight provided over the row immediately in front of the wheelchair (or if staggered, then 2 rows), and if standing spectators, sight line requirements are applicable as well to the row directly in front and two rows in front, if staggered, with the exception of team or player seating

Required Accessible Seating in Assembly Areas  ▪▪ Wheelchair and companion seating are to be provided where there is fixed seating and are to be integrated within the seating plan ▪▪ Arenas, stadiums, and grandstands calculate the number of required accessible seats per each luxury box, club box, and suite, placing the accessible seating within each area, as well as separately calculating and providing within the general seating area ▪▪ Other boxes (i.e., performing arts tiers) base the number of required accessible seats on the total number in all tiered boxes, dispersing the seats thru 20% of those tiers or areas, as well as separately calculating and providing within the general seating area ▪▪ The number of wheelchair and companion seats in the general seating area is based on the following chart

Total Number of Seats

Minimum Number of Wheelchair Spaces

4–25

1

26–50

2

51–150

4

151–300

5

301–500

6

501–5,000

6 + 1 per [150] [100] or fraction over 500

5,001 and over

[36] [46] + 1 per 200 or fraction over 5,000

▪▪ Wheelchair and companion seats are also dispersed within specialty seating areas that provide services and amenities not available in the general seating area—there is no requirement for additional accessible seats other than the proportional disbursement of the accessible seating; for existing buildings, if it is not readily achievable, then these services are to be provided at no additional cost to the wheelchair and companion seats in the general seating area per CBC ▪▪ Team and player seating areas of sports activity have 1 minimum wheelchair space in each of these areas with the exception of non-accessible bowling lanes—these are not required to meet sight line requirements

▪▪ Disperse accessible seats horizontally, except if there are 300 or less seats and wheelchair spaces and companion seats are located within the 2nd or 3rd quartile of the total row length ▪▪ Assembly areas with seating fully or partially surrounding a playing field or performance area have the wheelchair spaces and companion seats also dispersed horizontally around the perimeter of the area per CBC ▪▪ Disperse accessible seats vertically and at each balcony and mezzanine located on an accessible route, except if there are 300 or less seats and the wheelchair spaces and companion seats have equal or better than the average viewing angles provided ▪▪ Stadium-style movie theaters have wheelchair spaces located on a riser or cross aisle in the rear 60% of the auditorium, or within the 40th to 100th percentile of vertical viewing angles measured from the first row to the last row and to the top of the screen ▪▪ Temporary platforms or other movable structures do not obstruct nor do they have accessible seating located on them, unless an entire seating section is located on the temporary seating platform without fixed seating ▪▪ If the wheelchair and companion seating spaces are not occupied, a movable seat can be placed in those spaces ▪▪ Bleachers have wheelchair and companions spaces provided only on rows located at entry points to the bleacher seating—stepped or tiered aisles are not considered points of entry

Companion Seating  ▪▪ Each wheelchair seat has one minimum companion seat immediately adjacent and both are integrated into the seating plan ▪▪ In row seating, align the shoulders of companion seats with wheelchair seats measured 36" from the front of the wheelchair space to the seat back ▪▪ Companion seats are located on the same floor level as the wheelchair space ▪▪ Companion seats are similar in size, quality, and comfort to other seats in the area—companion seats are not required to be fixed Assembly – Circulation & Seating

245

Designated Aisle Seating 

Designated Aisle Seat

▪▪ Designated aisle seats have armrests that are either folding, removable, or retractable on the aisle side, if armrests are provided on other seating ▪▪ Designated aisle seats are identified with a sign preferably light-on-dark or dark-on-light, and it is suggested that it be photo luminescent, [including the ISA per CBC]

Aisle

▪▪ Designated aisle seats are calculated based on 5% minimum of all aisle seating and are located closest to the accessible route, with the exception of team/ player seating

folding, removable, or retractable armrest

CA Semi-Ambulant Seat

▪▪ Semi-ambulant seating requires 24" clear leg space from the front edge of the seat to any obstruction located in front, and calculate the quantity based on 1% of the total seating, with 2 minimum per CBC

246 Other Elements 

Aisle

Semi-Ambulant Seating 

24" min clr

▪▪ The ticket office has visual signage displayed regarding the availability of designated aisle seats, or if there is no ticket office, then the display at the lobby or assembly entrance per CBC

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  206.2.4 excep 2 Accessible Routes – Spaces and Elements 206.2.6 Performance Areas 206.2.11 Bowling Lanes 221.1 Assembly Areas – General 221.2 Wheelchair Spaces 221.2.1 Number and Location 221.2.2 Integration 221.2.3 Lines of Sight and Dispersion 221.3 Companion Seats 221.4 Designated Aisle Seats 221.5 Lawn Seating 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-206.2.4 excep 2 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Spaces and Elements 11B-206.2.6 Performance Areas 11B-206.2.11 Bowling Lanes 11B-221.1 Assembly Areas – General 11B-221.2 Wheelchair Spaces 11B-221.2.1 Number and Location 11B-221.2.1.5 Stadium-Style Movie Theaters 11B-221.2.1.6 Specialty Seating Areas 11B-221.2.2 Integration 11B-221.2.3 Lines of Sight and Dispersion 11B-221.2.4 Temporary Structures

505.2 excep Handrails – Where Required

11B-221.3 Companion Seats

802 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats

11B-221.5 Lawn Seating

802.1 Wheelchair Spaces

11B-221.4 Designated Aisle Seats 11B-221.6 Semi-Ambulant Seats

802.2 Lines of Sight

11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces

802.3 Companion Seats

11B-505.2 excep 1 Handrails – Where Required

802.4 Designated Aisle Seats  Advisory 221.2.1.2 Luxury Boxes, Club Boxes, and Suites in Arenas, Stadiums, and Grandstands

11B-505.3 excep Continuity 11B-802 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats, and Semi-Ambulant Seats 11B-802.1 Wheelchair Spaces

Advisory 221.2.1.3 Other Boxes

11B-802.2 Lines of Sight

Advisory 221.2.3.2 Vertical Dispersion Exception 2

11B-802.3 Companion Seats

Advisory 802.1.5 Overlap

11B-802.4 Designated Aisle Seats

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources:  Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.138(d) Ticketing – Purchasing Multiple Tickets Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.151 (g)(3) and (4) New Construction and Alterations – Assembly Areas

11B-802.5 Semi-Ambulant Seats  Advisory 11B-206.2.6 Performance Areas Advisory 11B-802.4.2 Identification

Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.302 (f)(4)(i) Modifications in Policies, Practices, or Procedures – Ticketing – Purchasing Multiple Tickets Title III 28 CFR Part 36 Subpart D - §36.406 (f)(3) and (4) Standards for New Construction and Alterations – Assembly Areas

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

247

Assembly – Assisted Listening Systems Assisted Listening Systems (ALS)  ▪▪ Provide an Assisted Listening System (ALS) that is permanently installed, where audible communication is integral to the use of the assembly space, regardless of the number of seats and whether they are fixed or not ▪▪ If the ALS is required, provide visual signage on the availability of an ALS at each ticket window/office, along with an International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss, or posted at a prominent location at or near each assembly entrance if ticket windows/ offices do not exist, [and the signage states Assistive-Listening System Available per CBC]

▪▪ A portable ALS can be used in conference rooms and meeting rooms, which can serve more than one room if electrical outlet and supplemental wiring to support an ALS is provided per CBC ▪▪ Religious facilities also require an ALS per CBC ▪▪ If the provided ALS is limited to a specific area, then that area should be located within 50' viewing distance of the stage and have a complete view of the stage or playing area per CBC ▪▪ There are more requirements concerning ALS for receivers, hearing aid compatibility, sound pressure level, signal to noise ratio, peak clipping level, etc

ALS Technologies  International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss

▪▪ If a space, where audible communication is integral to its use, has 50 or more fixed seats, or less than 50 fixed seats with audio amplification, a permanently installed ALS is provided per CBC ▪▪ If the space does not have any fixed seats, or if there are less than 50 fixed seats with no audio amplification, a portable ALS can be used and additional electrical outlets and supplemental wiring is provided for the system per CBC

▪▪ ALS are either hardwired, or are 3 modes of wireless—induction loop (Hearing Loop Systems), infrared (IR Systems), and FM radio transmission, also called radio frequency (FM or RF Systems) ▪▪ The Hearing Loop System has a wire installed within the room, creating an induction field that the majority of hearing aids with an induction coil can tap into—the signal is transmitted directly to the hearing aid thru a neck-loop without need of an additional receiver—this system does not work with ear buds, earphones, or headsets ▪▪ The IR system uses infrared light to transmit to a receiver and is considered a secure system—it is less effective in sunlight ▪▪ The FM or RF System uses radio frequencies to transmit to a receiver—it can cover a large area both indoors and outdoors with no line-of-sight issues

▪▪ An ALS is not required [if there is no audio amplification provided with the exception of courtrooms] [for paging and/or background music per CBC]

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 248 Other Elements 

Receivers  ▪▪ In assembly areas where audible communication is integral to the use of the space, an ALS is provided [as well as in conference rooms, meeting rooms, and places of worship with the exception of systems for paging and/or background music per CBC] ▪▪ The number of receivers is based on the seating count: Total # Seats

Min # Receivers

[50 or less]

[2]

[51-500]

[2 + 1 per 25 seats over 50 or fraction]

[501-1,000]

[20 + 1 per 33 seats over 500 or fraction]

[1,001- 2,000]

[35 + 1 per 50 seats over 1,000 or fraction]

▪▪ In assembly areas, conference, and meeting rooms, provide ALS with receivers for 4% of total seating with a minimum of 2 per CBC ▪▪ 25% with a minimum of 2 receivers are hearing aid compatible unless all seats are served by an induction loop ALS, in which case, no hearing aid compatible receivers are required ▪▪ If there are multiple assembly areas under one management, then the number of receivers can be based on the total number of seats if all use the same ALS ▪▪ Receiver jacks include a ⅛" standard mono jack

[2,001 or over] [55 + 1 per 100 seats over 2,000 or fraction]

Assembly – Assisted Listening Systems

249

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  216.10 Signs – Assistive Listening Systems 219 Assistive Listening Systems 219.2 Required Systems 219.3 Receivers

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 11B-216.10 Signs – Assistive Listening Systems 11B-219 Assistive Listening Systems 11B-219.2 Required Systems

706 Assistive Listening Systems 

11B-219.3 Receivers

Advisory 706.1 General

11B-219.5 Permanent and Portable Systems

11B-219.4 Location 11B-244 Religious Facilities 11B-706 Assistive Listening Systems  Advisory 11B-219.5 Permanent and Portable Systems

250 Other Elements 

Transient Lodging General Notes  ▪▪ Transient lodging is comprised of hotels, motels, inns, dormitories, resorts, bed and breakfasts, and student housing at a place of education that are short-term in nature, and does not include lodging with 5 guest rooms maximum for rent when the proprietor lives on the premises ▪▪ The 2010 ADAS states if a property has its interiors substantially controlled by its individual owner, although it may be rented out by an entity that owns, leases, or operates the overall facility, there is an exception for compliance with the ADAS, and for alterations and barrier removal requirements as well Transient & Non-Transient Lodging Types

Aside from hotels, motels, and inns there are other types of vacation rentals that people use. Some fall under the definition a bed and breakfast, while others are considered short-term private rentals, where people rent out their homes, or rooms within their homes whether through an agent or thru online companies. The latter has become quite controversial because of its growing impact on the market in terms of what codes to follow for construction as well as other issues. The main question is: what are the requirements under the ADA Standards for privately owned facilities? The definition of a place of lodging, as one of the types of places of public accommodation, is defined by the implementing regulations as; (1) Place of lodging, except for an establishment located within a facility that contains not more than five rooms for rent or hire and that actually is occupied by the proprietor of the establishment as the residence of the proprietor. For purposes of this part, a facility is a “place of lodging” if it is— (i) An inn, hotel, or motel; or (ii) A facility that— (A) Provides guest rooms for sleeping for stays that primarily are short-term in nature (generally 30 days or less) where the occupant does not have the right to return to a specific room or unit after the conclusion of his or her stay; and

(B) Provides guest rooms under conditions and with amenities similar to a hotel, motel, or inn, including the following— (1) On- or off-site management and reservations service; (2) Rooms available on a walk-up or call-in basis; (3) Availability of housekeeping or linen service; and (4) Acceptance of reservations for a guest room type without guaranteeing a particular unit or room until check-in, and without a prior lease or security deposit. Bed and Breakfast

Bed and breakfast facilities are straightforward. If the facility has 5 rooms maximum for rent AND the proprietor lives at the facility as their place of residence, then by definition, the facility is not considered transient lodging per item (1) above. Therefore, bed and breakfast facilities are not required to meet Accessibility requirements under the ADA Standards, although, if there are 4 or more units on the ground floor, it may very well be covered under FHA. If the proprietor does not live there, and there are 5 or less rooms for rent, or if the proprietor does live there but there are more than 5 rooms for rent, then the bed and breakfast might fall under the same requirements as transient lodging in terms of access for parking, guest rooms (both mobility and communication features), common space, accessible routes, and readily achievable barrier removal if it is an existing facility. This would depend upon whether it meets both criteria (A) and (B) from the definition above. Short Term Private Rentals

Short-term private rentals are a bit more complex as to interpretation, but they are becoming more prevalent as a vacation rental option. Generally these would not meet criteria B(2) thru B(4) listed above and most do not meet the other criteria listed under (B) of the ADAS definition for a place of lodging. So this type of vacation rental would generally not fall under the access requirements of ADA and neither would there be any requirements for barrier removal.

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Transient Lodging

251

▪▪ Guest rooms with mobility features and communication features are dispersed by class—if not enough mobility or communication rooms are required in order to disperse to each guest room class, then priorities are by guest room type, number of beds, then amenities Note  The class options can include room size, bed type, cost, inclusion of hot tub/spas, smoking vs non-smoking, number of rooms in a suite, etc.

▪▪ All non-mobility guest room doors providing user passage into and within the guest room comply with clear width requirements of 32" minimum, or 36" minimum if recessed more than 24" deep; no protrusions below 34", and 4" maximum protrusion between 34" and 80" into the door opening; closer and stop at 78" minimum AFF ▪▪ Shower and sauna doors are exempt from the requirements in non-mobility guest rooms—no other requirements apply to non-mobility guest room doors NOTE All passage doors in all guest rooms and sleeping rooms are required to have the compliant clear width. In addition, there are to be no protrusions on the push face of the door below 34" AFF into the required clear width of the opening. An additional exception for all nonmobility guest rooms is that the doors to showers and saunas are not required to comply. California requires bathrooms that are located in all guest rooms other than mobility guest rooms or sleeping rooms to either have the door swing out of the bathroom or to have a sliding door. All doors providing user passage into and within mobility guest rooms are required to comply with all door requirements, such as operating force, closing speed, maneuvering space on both sides, locks, etc.

▪▪ Signage is not required within the guestroom identifying the bathroom [nor is a bathroom door symbol required per CBC]

252 Other Elements 

▪▪ In non-mobility guest rooms, bathroom doors are either sliding or swing out of the bathroom in the direction of egress and the bathroom has a 30" x 48" space touching each fixture per CBC ▪▪ On-call sleeping rooms for doctors or staff have 10% with one minimum of the total sleeping rooms, comply with transient lodging requirements for mobility sleeping rooms, for the bed clear floor space, bathing facilities, doors, and turning space per CBC ▪▪ For alterations or additions, the number of mobility and communication feature rooms is based on the number being renovated rather than the total rooms in the lodging ▪▪ Apartments or townhouses at places of education, which are leased on a year round basis only to graduate students or faculty, and do not contain any areas for educational programming, are considered residential, not transient lodging, and are required to comply with the ADAS requirements for residential regardless of the funding sources ▪▪ Social service center establishments fall under the requirements for residential housing with some modifications and do not fall under the requirements for transient lodging CBC Note The CBC incorrectly states social service center establishments are to follow transient lodging requirements as well—this will not meet the requirements for quantity of mobility and communication feature rooms as required per the ADA

Student Housing at a Place of Education – Mobility Sleeping Rooms  ▪▪ Student housing at a place of education follows transient lodging requirements for technical and scoping, equating sleeping rooms with guest rooms and complies with some of the requirements for residential usage as well NOTE For example, a multi-bedroom student housing unit comprised of 3 bedrooms would be counted as 3 sleeping rooms and would be equivalent to 3 separate guest rooms under transient lodging. The number of beds within the room does not have any impact. The number of required mobility and communication feature sleeping rooms is based on the total number of sleeping rooms.

▪▪ The additional requirements are for the kitchens serving a mobility sleeping room whether the kitchen is within a suite or located in a common space on the floor ▪▪ The kitchen is required to have a 60" turning space ▪▪ If the kitchen is a pass-thru it is still required to have a 60" turning space within the room, which can be a T-shaped turn using a 36" minimum width clear space under the counter All kitchens, whether or not they support mobility feature sleeping rooms, are required to comply with the ADA Standards for kitchens. It is just the kitchens supporting mobility feature sleeping rooms that have the two additional requirements of work surface and turning space within the kitchen. ▪▪ The kitchen supporting the mobility feature sleeping room has a work surface with a minimum width of 30" placed adjacent to the oven and at 34" maximum AFF with knee/toe clearance centered on the space below, similar to the requirements for residential dwelling units ▪▪ The kitchen sink and work surface cannot have any cabinetry located below and are required to have the knee/toe space clear below

▪▪ All spaces and elements within the student housing unit are connected by an accessible route—if only one accessible route is provided, it does not pass thru bathrooms, closets, or similar spaces ▪▪ Only the bathing room that supports the mobility feature sleeping room is required to be fully accessible, but all bathrooms and powder rooms in a multi-bedroom unit with a mobility feature sleeping room are required to have a 60" turning space NOTE For the bathing rooms, you cannot use the residential requirements, but rather the transient lodging requirements with installed grab bars and seats for the shower or tub, and no cabinetry below the lavatory. Also, you cannot place the lavatory within the toilet clear floor space, similar to a residential unit—the toilet clear floor space is required to be completely clear. One fully accessible bathing room is required in units at a place of education that have mobility feature sleeping rooms, but all of the others within that unit still are required to provide the 60" turning space.

▪▪ All rooms have a 60" turning space, except for exterior spaces having one dimension of 30" or less ▪▪ All walk-in closets in units with mobility feature sleeping rooms are required to have a 60" turning space regardless of whether or not they support the mobility sleeping room ▪▪ Non-mobility sleeping rooms additionally follow the requirements for public multi-family housing adaptable features per CBC

Mobility Feature Guest Rooms – Additional Requirements  ▪▪ The guest room has a 60" turning space provided within the room ▪▪ One sleeping area has a 36" x 48" clear floor space provided parallel to both sides of the bed, or if two beds are in the same area, the clear floor space can be located between the two beds instead

▪▪ The space below the kitchen work surface has no sharp or abrasive surfaces, and the floor and all surfaces below are finished

Transient Lodging

253

Mobility Feature Guest Rooms provide a 30" deep x 7" min height AFF clr flr space under the bed starting within 12" from both ends per CBC

if there is an operable window, provide a 36" min accessible route to the window with a clr flr space in front

12" max per CBC

12" max per CBC

provide a 36" x 48" clr flr space shared between two beds

36" min

60" turning space

Two Beds provide a 30" deep x 7" min height AFF clr flr space under the bed starting within 12" from boh ends per CBC

36" min

12" max per CBC

provide a 36" x 48" clr flr space on both sides of the bed

36" min

60" 'T'-shaped turning space

One Bed 254 Other Elements 

NOTE

NOTE

If there is only one phone located within the room, be careful of not placing it on the nightstand between two beds. Unless that nightstand has knee/toe clearance below, more than likely, that phone will not be within reach range. Consideration should be given to having two phones—one at a desk or table with an outlet adjacent, and the other at the nightstand. This works for access in mobility guest rooms and also works with guest-provided TTY placement for communication feature rooms.

Loose rugs are often placed in the guest rooms, and other places, to provide a more residential feel. Unfortunately, although these may not be directly regulated, they can become a tripping hazard since they are not firm and stable. In order to avoid this, remove the rugs, secure them to the floor, or place special double-sided tape along the underside edges so the rug is fixed to the floor. This will need to be ‘re-taped’ in order to keep it securely fastened to the floor depending on how often it is lifted and the floor is cleaned.

▪▪ Exterior spaces such as terraces and balconies are accessible ▪▪ Underneath the long side of the bed, there is a 30" deep x 7" minimum height clear floor space parallel to the edge of the bed and adjacent to the clear floor space, starting within 12" of both ends of the head and foot of the bed per CBC NOTE How high do the beds need to be? Currently this is not regulated. With that being said, it is suggested to track which guest rooms have beds that are low and which ones have beds that are high. The height of the bed can be provided as a choice when someone books a room. Higher beds work better for some people, whereas lower beds work better for others. It is about choice and communication.

▪▪ Mobility guest rooms with operable windows are required to have one window accessible at a minimum, as well as all windows that are required by the administrative authority to be operable, along an accessible route with clear floor space, and with controls that require 5 lbs. maximum operating force, are within reach range, and are operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist per each room or space where operable windows occur ▪▪ Items required to be accessible within the mobility feature guest rooms and mobility sleeping rooms at a place of education are located on an accessible route—this includes the operable window if exists, thermostat controls, and any controls for window covering

▪▪ A kitchen or kitchenette, if provided, is accessible with knee/toe clearance below the sink if there is a cooktop or range—if there is no cooktop or range, but it has a microwave or similar cooking appliance, then a parallel approach can be used for the sink—50% of the shelving space is required to be within reach range ▪▪ If the kitchen or kitchenette has a sink but no cooking element, then a forward approach is required and only one of each type of storage is required to be within reach range ▪▪ One bathing room meets the requirements for an accessible single accommodation with an accessible toilet, lavatory, and a tub or shower, with a 60" turning space ▪▪ Wet bars can always use a parallel approach ▪▪ Showers and bathtubs have grab bars and seats installed NOTE If the guest room has a tub with a separate seat, thought should be given to seat storage when the seat is not in use. This is better if actually stored in the room itself and not a “seat-on-call.” Although many hotels say it only takes 5 minutes to bring a seat, it often takes longer. Another thought, if storing the seat in the room is not desirable, is to modify policies, practices, and procedures by asking at check-in or when reserving the room, if a tub seat is required and have it placed in the room ahead of time.

Transient Lodging

255

Mobility Feature Guest Room – Accessible Bathroom with Tub 115" min 122" min per CBC 16"-18"

18" min per CBC

17" to 18" per CBC

CL

CL

Control End Wall

Head End Wall

15" min

12" min

44" min clr per CBC

42" min

88" min

Back Wall

12" max per CBC

Hallway

• Presumes a 32" x 60" tub with permanent seat • Presumes lavatory is 22" wide, dimensions are to face of finish, & includes 1" tolerance • The width may need to be increased to provide equivalent vanity space as non-mobility bathrooms

In-Swinging Door - Bathtub with Permanent Seat

▪▪ If a vanity counter is provided in non-mobility guest room bathrooms, then provide one with an equivalent surface storage area within the mobility bathroom ▪▪ Each type of storage located within the room has 1 accessible with clear floor space, controls within reach range, and operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist and with 5 lbs. maximum operating force—this can include shelves, hang rods, safes, ironing board storage, etc.

256 Other Elements 

NOTE Another item is closet space – one of each type of storage is required to be within reach range for mobility guest rooms. This could be hang rods or shelves or drawers. Be aware of placement for a safe or a small refrigerator under a lower hang rod since this often interferes with the ability to hang pants, dresses, or other longer garments. Also, consider placing only a partial amount of the storage at a lower reach range, since a companion using the closet may be able-bodied and a higher hang rod might be desirable. Aside from clothes, often loose irons or extra blankets and pillows are placed on shelves that are not within reach range; so other storage options should be implemented. Also consider how and where hair dryers are stored. Often they are placed in a bag hanging from a coat hook in the bathroom, which is not within reach range and requires two hands to remove, making it quite difficult to access.

Communication Feature Guest Rooms – Additional Requirements ▪▪ Communication feature guest rooms have a visible notification device not tied into the alarm system, alerting for incoming phone calls and a door knock or bell A communication feature guest room is only required to have a doorbell or a door knocker tied into a visible notification device. It is not required to have an audible signal for transient lodging. The regulations state the visual notification devices for doorbells are NOT to be tied into the emergency warning system. Therefore, everyone assumes you use the same device but just not connected to the alarm system. This is an incorrect assumption, and not only is it not required, but it leads to much confusion and uncertainty. The doorbell should not be tied into any visible alarm signal nor should it look like a visible alarm. Regardless of whether there is a visible alarm system in existing facilities, a visible notification device is to be provided both for incoming phone calls and for a door knock or bell. There are a number of products that allow for an adjustable volume that sound like a normal doorbell as well as a flashing light. There are also products that are sensitive to someone knocking at the door or stepping on a mat at a door. Some products have sophisticated receivers that will recognize a doorbell or an incoming phone call or an alarm clock, that will vibrate, or flash an LED light, or that can connect to a watch or a smartphone. So just because the regulations state door notification systems are not to be tied into a fire safety system does not mean that the devices should look and sound like a fire alarm/strobe. One other item: dormitories, one of several types of student housing, are considered to be transient lodging, so only a visible, not audible, notification device is required for a door bell or knock and the phone. ▪▪ Phones have a volume control with an adjustable receive volume up to 20 dB minimum or an incremental volume control providing one intermediate steps of 12 dB gain minimum with an automatic reset [and are equipped with a receiver that generates a magnetic field at the receiver cap and are hearing aid compatible per CBC] ▪▪ Phones have an electrical outlet within 48" for a guest-provided TTY located within compliant reach ranges

▪▪ In transient lodging, if emergency warning systems are provided, then they have permanently installed audible and visible alarms complying with NFPA 72 (Section 4.3 and 4.4 in the 1999 Edition or Section 7.4 and 7.5 in the 2002) [and 907.5.2.3.3 and carbon monoxide alarms per Chapter 9 of the CBC]

Accessible Guest Room Requirements Total Guest Rooms

# Rooms # Rooms with no roll- with roll-in in showers* showers

1–25

1 [0 per CBC] [0] [1 per CBC] 2

26–50

2 [1 per CBC] [0] [1 per CBC] 4

51–75

3

1

7

76–100

4

1

9

101–150

5

2

12

151–200

6

2

14

201–300

7

3

17

301–400

8

4

20

401–500

9

4

22

501–1,000 2% of total

1% of total

5% of total

1,001 and 20 + 1 for over each 100 or fraction over 1,000

10 + 1 per each 100 or fraction over 1,000

50 + 3 per each 100 over 1,000

Communication Feature Rooms**

* This would be a tub [or transfer shower] [only per CBC] ** One guest room minimum has a combination of both mobility and communication features, with 10% maximum of the mobility guest rooms overlapping with the required number of communication feature guest rooms

CBC Note Note that when there are 1–25 guest rooms, CBC does not comply with ADAS since the CBC requires roll-in showers and the ADAS requirement is for one otherthan-a-roll-in shower, so in California, either 2 mobility rooms will need to be provided one with a tub and the other with a roll-in shower, or one guest room that has both a tub and a roll-in shower; and when there are 26–50 rooms, 3 mobility rooms will need to be provided or one with both a tub and a roll-in shower in order to meet both requirements

Transient Lodging

257

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  106.5 Definitions – Defined Terms – Transient Lodging

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA)

206.5.3 Accessible Routes - Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Transient Lodging Facilities

Section 202 Definitions – Transient Lodging

213.2 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms

11B-206.5.3 Accessible Routes – Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Transient Lodging Facilities

224 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms

11B-213.2 excep 5 Toilet Rooms and Bathing Facilities – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms

224.1 General 224.1.1 Alterations 224.1.2 Guest Room Doors and Doorways 224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features 224.4 Guest Rooms with Communication Features 224.5 Dispersion 225.2 Storage – Storage 229 Windows 404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 606.2 excep 3 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space 702 Fire Alarm Systems

11B-203.8 General Exceptions – Residential Facilities

11B-215.4 Fire Alarm Systems and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Systems – Transient Lodging 11B-216.8.1 excep 1 Signs – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms – Geometric Symbols 11B-223.2.3 Medical and Long Term Care Facilities – Hospitals, Rehabilitation Facilities, Psychiatric Facilities, and Detoxification Facilities – On-Call Rooms 11B-224 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms, Housing at a Place of Education and Social Service Center Establishments 11B-224.1 General 11B-224.1.1 Alterations 11B-224.1.2 Guest Room Doors and Doorways

704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones

11B-224.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features

804.3 Kitchens and Kitchenettes – Kitchen Work Surface

11B-224.4 Guest Rooms with Communication Features

806 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms

11B-224.5 Dispersion

806.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features 806.2.4.1 Toilet and Bathing Facilities – Vanity Counter Top Space 806.2.5 Kitchens and Kitchenettes 806.2.6 Turning Space 806.3 Guest Rooms with Communication Features 809.2 Residential Dwelling Units – Accessible Routes  

809.2.2 Turning Space

Advisory 224.5 Dispersion

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources:  Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.151(d) New Construction and Alterations – Scope of Coverage §35.151(f) Housing at a Place of Education 258 Other Elements 

11B-224.6 Storage 11B-224.7 Housing at a Place of Education 11B-224.8 Social Service Center Establishments 11B-225.2 Storage – Storage 11B-229 Windows 11B-233.3.1.2 Residential Facilities – Public Housing Facilities – Minimum Number: New Construction – Residential Dwelling Units With Adaptable Features 11B-233.3.6 Graduate Student and Faculty Housing at a Place of Education 11B-404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 11B-603.6 Toilet and Bathing Rooms – Guest Room Toilet and Bathing Rooms

Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.104(1) Subpart A Definitions – Housing at Place of Education; Place of Public Accommodation

606.2 excep 3 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space

Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.406(c) Standards for New Construction and Alterations – Places of Lodging

11B-704.3 Telephones – Volume Control Telephones

§36.406(e) Housing at a Place of Education

11B-702 Fire Alarm Systems 11B-804 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Wet Bars 11B-806 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms 11B-806.2 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features 11B-806.2.3 Sleeping Areas 11B-806.2.3.1 Personal Lift Device Floor Space 11B-806.3 Guest Rooms with Communication Features 11B-809.2 Residential Dwelling Units – Accessible Routes

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

259

Multi-Family Dwelling Units General Notes:  ▪▪ Multi-family residential facilities built by or on behalf of a public entity is required to have 5% of the dwelling units with mobility features and 2% with communication features—these percentages generally do not overlap each other CBC Note Some government agencies, such as Low Income Housing Tax Credits, may require the proportion to be increased from 5% and 2%, as do those receiving tax credits from California TCAC, which requires 10%|4%

▪▪ Mobility feature units are located on an accessible route ▪▪ Common use areas not serving mobility feature dwelling units [or adaptable units] are not required to be on an accessible route [per CBC] NOTE HUD has temporarily adopted the 2010 ADAS as of May 23, 2014, with 11 exceptions, that can be used as an alternative to UFAS. ADA Standards state that common spaces not supporting mobility feature dwelling units are not required to be accessible or on an accessible route. UFAS requires that all common spaces are to be accessible and on an accessible route whether or not they support mobility dwelling units. Their only exception is if the building is non-elevatored and there is an equivalent accessible space on the ground floor. If the facility is receiving just HUD funds and they are not channeled thru a public agency, then there is a choice of using either UFAS or the 2010 ADAS with the 11 exceptions. If HUD funds are channeled thru a public agency or the housing project is a program of a public agency, ADAS with the 11 exceptions are required to be used as the standard.

▪▪ If an existing public residential project has an addition added to it, the 5%|2% proportion applies to the newly added units ▪▪ In alterations if it is technically infeasible for a unit to be altered to be made accessible or to be on an accessible path of travel, then another comparable unit can be substituted Note  Comparable units includes size, location, number of bedrooms, amenities, proximity to public transportation and shops, and other factors

▪▪ If a multi-family residential project is vacated for alterations, and the building has 15 or more units, then the alterations are to include provision of 5%|2% ▪▪ If a public entity has a program providing new individual units for purchase, they need to comply with the 5%|2% [with the exception of existing dwellings or dwelling units acquired by a public entity and being sold without any alterations or additions per CBC] ▪▪ If the interior of a building is removed, including all structural portions of floors and ceilings, the building is considered a new building per FHA [and CBC] ▪▪ If the multi-family residential project has 15 or fewer dwelling units, then the requirements for 5%|2% apply to the full construction or alteration contract even if the dwelling units are located on another site—this is true for both new construction and alterations ▪▪ If dwelling units are altered in an existing facility, and if a kitchen or bathroom is substantially altered and one other room is altered, then the 5%|2% applies to the altered units ▪▪ A substantial alteration of a dwelling unit is defined by ADAS as replacement of cabinetry or rearrangements in plan configuration of either a kitchen or a bathroom, but is not limited to this criteria NOTE An alteration and a substantial alteration are defined differently in the ADA. An alteration is a change that could affect the usability, including remodeling, renovation, a change to structure, and rearrangement of plan layouts. It does not include normal maintenance such as reroofing, painting, mechanical, and electrical, unless it affects the usability of the space. Notice, plumbing is not included under normal maintenance. ADA also states that alterations to windows, hardware, controls, outlets, and signage are not alterations that are deemed to affect the usability of, or access to, an area containing a primary function and therefore do not trigger path of travel requirements.

▪▪ If a dwelling unit bathroom or kitchen has been substantially altered and one other room is altered, then the 5%|2% apply to the units being altered

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | 260 Other Elements 

▪▪ Both mobility and communication feature dwelling units are required to be dispersed by the different unit types and integrated within the overall facility plan ▪▪ Single-story dwelling units with mobility features are allowed to be substituted for multi-story units if equivalent space and amenities are provided

Mobility Feature Dwelling Units – In General  ▪▪ Mobility units have compliant accessible routes throughout the dwelling unit that connects all spaces and elements, with the exception of unfinished attic and basement spaces ▪▪ If there is only one accessible route, it cannot pass through bathrooms, closets, or other similar spaces ▪▪ Each room served by an accessible route has a turning space of either a 60" diameter or a 60" T-shaped turn—this includes all bathrooms, powder rooms, kitchens, and walk-in closets ▪▪ Exterior spaces that are 30" maximum in one dimension are not required to have turning spaces

Bathrooms in Mobility Feature Units  ▪▪ A bathroom has a minimum of one of each type of fixture accessible and located in the same area without travel to other parts of the dwelling unit, and follows the requirements for restrooms as modified below ▪▪ Although only one bathroom is required to be accessible, all bathrooms in mobility feature dwelling units are required to be on an accessible route and have a 60" turning space

▪▪ A lavatory can be placed on the same plumbing wall as the toilet and within the toilet clear floor space, if located 18" minimum from its edge to the toilet centerline, and if the toilet clear floor space is increased to 66" in depth ▪▪ The toilet requires an additional clear floor space of 36" in front of the fixture by 60" in width per CBC ▪▪ If vanity countertops are provided in non-mobility units, suggest providing them in mobility feature units with comparable vanity top surfaces and as close as possible to the lavatory ▪▪ Cabinetry can be located in the knee/toe space below the lavatory if the floor, and surrounding wall and cabinetry surfaces below are finished with no rough or sharp surfaces and can be removed without removing the lavatory ▪▪ In addition to the mobility feature bathroom, all other bathrooms and powder rooms served by an accessible route are required to have a 60" turning space ▪▪ Powder rooms are not required to have clear floor spaces at fixtures unless it is in a multi-level dwelling unit and is the only toilet room on the entry level ▪▪ If there is more than one bathroom and a shower exists, at least one shower is required to be made accessible per CBC

Kitchens Serving Mobility Feature Dwelling Units & Social Service Center Sleeping Accommodations 

▪▪ Grab bars and seats are not required to be installed but reinforcing is required within the walls, allowing for future compliant placement of both elements

▪▪ Kitchens in mobility feature dwelling units comply with other kitchen requirements, in addition to the items listed below, which are only required for residential kitchens located within mobility dwelling units or serving student housing mobility sleeping accommodations, or sleeping units for social service center establishments

▪▪ Bathing rooms, serving mobility feature sleeping accommodations in social service center establishments with more than 50 beds, require grab bars and a seat installed in a provided roll-in shower for each gender

▪▪ In residential dwelling units and social service center sleeping accommodations, the sink is either fixed at 34" maximum AFF or it can be adjustable from 29" to 36" AFF if rough-in plumbing supports the connections at this range of heights

▪▪ The toilet seat height is a minimum of 15" to 19" maximum AFF

Multi-Family Dwelling Units

261

Mobility Feature Dwelling Unit – Accessible Bathrooms Presuming: 30" deep toilet 32" wide tub 19" deep lavatory counter with knee/toe clearance below 1" additional overall tolerance 108" min 109" min per CBC 16"-18"

18" min

17" - 18" per CBC toilet seat height is 15" to 19" AFF

30" x 48" lavatory clr flr space

CL

60" x 66" toilet clr flr space 67" min

provide clr knee space on the side of the counter adjacent to the tub

30" wide tub clr flr space

48" deep pocket door clearance

60" x 36" clr flr space per CBC 60" turning clearance Ð 'T'-shaped

Bathroom with a Tub Presuming: Depth - 66" toilet clr flr space + 1" tolerance (30" d toilet fixture) Width - 17" for toilet to wall + 60" for 'T'-space + 42" wide alternate shower including seat wall 19" deep lavatory counter with knee/toe clearance below 1" additional overall tolerance 118" min 119" min per CBC 16"-18" 18" min

18" min per CBC

17" - 18" per CBC toilet seat height is 15" to 19" AFF

30" x 48" lavatory clr flr space

CL

67" min

60" x 66" toilet clr flr space

36" clr

48" deep pocket door clearance

60" x 36" clr flr space per CBC 60" turning clearance - 'T'-shaped

Bathroom with an Alternate Shower 262 Other Elements 

Mobility Feature Dwelling Units – Powder Rooms Presuming: 30" deep toilet x 20" wide tank 19" deep lavatory counter with knee/toe clearance below

Controlling factors for room size Depth - 36" for the arm of the 'T'-space + 30" deep toilet + 1" tolerance = 67" - 48" clr for the pocket door clr flr space* + 19" for the lavatory cabinet = 67" Width - 48" for one arm & the base of the 'T' space + 10" for half of the toilet tank + 15" space for half of the toilet + 1" tolerance = 74" * presumes the door is inset from the face of the wall 1" to 2"

67" min

74" min

48" deep pocket door clearance 60" turning clearance

▪▪ Cabinetry can be located in the knee/toe space under the sink and work surface if the floor, all walls, and cabinetry surfaces are finished below with no sharp or abrasive surfaces, and the cabinetry can be removed without having to remove the sink or work surface itself ▪▪ The 40" or 60" minimum clearances are only required in kitchens that have a cooktop or a range ▪▪ If the counter depth is greater than 24", then the clear floor space underneath the sink and the work surface increases from 30" x 48" to 36" x 48"

▪▪ In mobility feature residential dwelling units and social service center sleeping accommodations, one section of the countertop is a work surface at 34" maximum AFF ▪▪ The work surface has a minimum width clear of 30" with a clear floor space below for knee/toe space centered on the space for forward approach ▪▪ If an oven or range is provided, the work surface is located adjacent to the latch side of the oven door if side-hinged, or located on either side if the door is bottom-hinged

Multi-Family Dwelling Units

263

Mobility Feature U-Shaped Kitchens

▪▪ The work surface is 34" maximum AFF unless it is adjustable from 29" to 36" AFF ▪▪ The work surface has no sharp or abrasive elements underneath

264 Other Elements 

▪▪ Student housing units with mobility features at a place of education, which are considered transient lodging, also have a work surface meeting the above requirements, but cabinetry cannot be placed below

Mobility Feature Pass-Through Kitchens if the kitchen is less than 60" minimum clear, provide a T-shaped maneuvering space under the sink or the work surface

R

DW

36" min clr space below

40" min clr

easily removable cabinetry below sink in residential mobility dwelling units & social service center mobility sleeping accommmodations

30" x 48" clr flr space 30" min width work surface with knee/toe clearance centered below in residential dwelling units, student housing sleeping units, and social service center sleeping accommodations that support mobility feature units • 50% of all shelf storage is required to be accessible & within reach range • Only dwelling units and social service center establishment sleeping accommodations with mobility features, can have easily removable cabinetry below the sink and work surface if the floor, wall, and all sides are finished below • Student housing units with mobility feature sleeping rooms can not have any cabinetry located below the sink or work surface regardless of whether or not it is easily removable • If the counter is deeper than 24" provide 36" x 48" clr flr space below the sink and the work surface

Mobility Kitchen Work Surfaces in Dwelling Units, Social Service Center Sleeping Accommodations, & Student Housing 30" min clr

kitchen work surfaces in in mobility feature dwelling units, student housing supporting mobility feature sleeping rooms, and social service center establishments supporting mobility feature sleeping accommodations work surface clear floor space below clear floor space for cooktop, oven, or range

Plan View at Range Multi-Family Dwelling Units

265

Communication Feature Dwelling Units  ▪▪ 2% minimum of the dwelling units have communication features with one minimum ▪▪ If a building fire alarm exists, it is to be extended within the unit to a point located near the smoke detection system ▪▪ Visible fire alarms provided within the units are to be activated when the building fire alarm system is activated for that area ▪▪ All smoke detection devices within the unit shall activate a visible alarm when smoke is detected ▪▪ All carbon monoxide detection devices within the unit shall activate a visual alarm when carbon monoxide is detected per CBC ▪▪ The same visible alarm used for the unit smoke detection can be used for the building fire detection, [and the unit carbon monoxide detection,] but for nothing else [per CBC]

266 Other Elements 

▪▪ The primary entrance doorbell is hard-wired with a button or switch on the unit exterior, which activates both a visible signal and an audible tone within the unit—if a visible signal is located in a sleeping area, then provide a deactivation button for the signal in that room ▪▪ Where an intercom system is provided, allowing voice communication between a visitor and the dwelling unit occupant, the public or common use interface of the system has the capability of supporting both voice and TTY communication with the dwelling unit and the dwelling unit has a telephone jack capable of supporting both voice and TTY with the public or common use side ▪▪ A peephole is to be provided at the entry door allowing for a 180° view installed at an appropriate height for a standing person in a communication feature dwelling unit

Note  Consider also providing a second peephole in mobility feature units for seated height, and if provided in a non-mobility unit, then it should also be provided in a mobility unit

Adaptable Dwelling Units per CBC   ▪▪ All units that do not have mobility features comply with the requirements of adaptable units per Chapter 11A Division IV ▪▪ All non-mobility dwelling units located in nonelevatored buildings that are on the ground floor are to be adaptable, or if the first residential floor is located above grade, all non-mobility units on that floor are to be adaptable—having an elevator just to access this first residential floor, by definition, is not considered an elevatored building ▪▪ All non-mobility feature dwelling units located in elevatored buildings are adaptable except the upper floor of a multi-storied dwelling unit ▪▪ Multi-storied non-mobility dwelling units located in elevatored buildings have the primary entry on an accessible route served by the elevator, with at least one powder room or bathroom within the unit located on this entry level, and all rooms and spaces on this level are on a 36" minimum wide accessible route ▪▪ Multi-storied non-mobility dwelling units located in non-elevatored buildings have 10% of the total number of multi-story units in the project adaptable, with 1 minimum, and locate the first floor of these adaptable units on the ground floor ▪▪ All rooms and spaces required to be adaptable are on an accessible route with interior doors having a 42" deep clear floor space on both sides of the door with a 32" minimum clear opening or 39" deep if the clear width of the door is widened to 34"; and 44" deep for the primary entry door and required exit doors; plus 18" clear on the interior strike pull side and 24" on the exterior strike pull

▪▪ In non-elevatored buildings meeting any of the 3 site impracticality tests as stated in 1150A.1, the number of adaptable units are determined by the criteria in that section—the remaining ground floor dwelling units comply with grab bar reinforcement, all door requirements, hardwired doorbell with audible and visual notification at the primary unit entry door, 180° range peepholes in the door, height and reach ranges for electrical outlets and switches, an adaptable bathing room with a shower if it exists, and a removable cabinet under the kitchen sink having the floor, and surrounding wall and cabinetry surfaces finished below ▪▪ See section 11B-233.3.1.2.5 for more specific requirements

Housing at a Place of Education  ▪▪ Apartments or townhouses at places of education that are leased on a year-round basis only to graduate students or faculty, and do not contain any areas for educational programming, are considered residential, not transient lodging, and are required to comply with the ADAS requirements for residential regardless of the funding sources ▪▪ Housing at a place of education follows transient lodging requirements with the exception of some requirements for an accessible route and kitchens within the units or on a floor with clustered sleeping rooms that include mobility feature sleeping rooms, which are required to comply with residential requirements (see Transient Lodging –Student Housing at a Place of Education for more information)

Social Service Center Establishments  ▪▪ Group homes, halfway houses, shelters, or similar establishments that provide either temporary sleeping accommodations or dwelling units are considered social service center establishments ▪▪ Social service center establishments fall under the residential category and meet all of the residential requirements with some additional criteria, regardless of the funding sources

Multi-Family Dwelling Units

267

CBC Note The CBC states that Social Service Center Establishments are to follow both transient lodging and residential requirements. It does not provide direction on how one is to meet both requirements. Do note, that if transient lodging requirements are followed, it will not meet the scoping requirements of the ADA Standards. ADAS provides very specific requirements in addition to meeting the residential criteria.

▪▪ If a single sleeping room has more than 25 beds, then 5% of the beds have a clear floor space on both sides of the bed with the 48" length along the side of the bed—a clear floor space can be shared between 2 beds without providing an additional space on the other side

268 Other Elements 

▪▪ If the facility has more than a total of 50 beds and if there is a common use bathing facility, one roll-in shower minimum with a seat and grab bars is to be provided ▪▪ If separate shower facilities are provided for men and women, then a separate roll-in shower with grab bars and a seat is to be provided

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  106.5 Definitions – Defined Terms 203.8 General Exceptions – Residential Facilities 233.3 Residential Facilities – Residential Dwelling Units Provided by Entities Not Subject to HUD Section 504 233.3.1 Minimum Number: New Construction 233.3.2 Residential Dwelling Units for Sale 233.3.3 Additions 233.3.4.1 Alterations – Alterations to Vacated Buildings 233.3.4.2 Alterations to Individual Residential Dwelling Units 233.3.5 Dispersion 604.3.2 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance – Overlap 604.4 excep 2 Seats 604.5 excep 2 Grab Bars 606.2 excep 3 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space 606.3 excep 2 Height 607.4 excep 2 Bathtubs – Grab Bars 608.3 excep 2 Shower Compartments – Grab Bars 608.4 excep Seats 708.4 Two-Way Communication Systems – Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems 804 Kitchens and Kitchenettes 804.2 Clearance 804.3 Kitchen Work Surface 804.6.5 Appliances – Oven 806.2.3 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms – Guest Rooms with Mobility Features – Sleeping Areas 809.2 Residential Dwelling Units – Accessible Routes 809.3 Residential Dwelling Units – Kitchen 809.4 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities 809.5 Residential Dwelling Units With Communication Features 809.5.1 Building Fire Alarm System 809.5.2.1 Residential Dwelling Unit Smoke Detection System – Activation

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 1150A.1 Site Impracticality Tests 11B-215.5 Fire Alarm Systems and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Systems – Residential Facilities 11B-216.8.1 excep 1 Signs – Toilet Rooms and Bathing Rooms – Geometric Symbols 11B-224.8 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms, Housing at a Place of Education and Social Service Center Establishments – Social Service Center Establishments 11B-233.3 Residential Facilities – Public Housing Facilities 11B-233.3.1 Minimum Number: New Construction 11B-233.3.1.1 Residential Dwelling Units with Mobility Features 11B-233.3.1.2 Residential Dwelling Units With Adaptable Features 11B-233.3.1.2.4 Multi-Story Dwelling Units

Residential

11B-233.3.1.2.5 Public Housing Facility Site Impracticality 11B-233.3.1.3 Residential Dwelling Units with Communication Features 11B-233.3.2 Residential Units for Sale 11B-233.3.3 Additions 11B-233.3.4.1 Alterations – Alterations to Vacated Buildings 11B-233.3.4.2 Alterations to Individual Residential Dwelling Units 11B-233.3.5 Dispersion 11B-233.3.6 Graduate Student and Faculty Housing at a Place of Education 11B-604.3.1 excep Water Closets and Toilet Compartments – Clearance – Size 11B-604.3.2 Overlap 11B-604.4 excep 2 Seats 11B-604.5 excep 2 Grab Bars 11B-606.2 excep 3 Lavatories and Sinks – Clear Floor Space 11B-606.3 excep 2 Lavatories and Sinks – Height

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards

269

809.5.3 Interconnection

11B-607.4 excep 2 Bathtubs – Grab Bars

809.5.4 Prohibited Use

11B-608.3 excep 2 Shower Compartments – Grab Bars

809.5.5 Residential Dwelling Unit Primary Entry 809.5.5.1 Notification 809.5.5.2 Identification  

809.5.6 Site, Building, or Floor Entrance

11B-608.4 excep 2 Grab Bars 11B-708.4 Two-Way Communication Systems – Residential Dwelling Unit Communication Systems 11B-804 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Wet Bars 11B-804.2 Clearance

Advisory 233.3.4 Alterations Exception

11B-804.3 Kitchen Work Surface

Advisory 233.3.4.2 Alterations to Individual Residential Dwelling Units

11B-804.6.5 Appliances – Oven

Advisory 809.4 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources:  Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.104 Definitions – Housing at a Place of Education Title II 28 CFR Part 35 - §35.151(e) New Construction and Alterations – Social Service Center Establishments §35.151(f)(3) Housing at a Place of Education §35.151(b)(4)(i)(B) Alterations – Path of Travel – Primary Function Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.104(1) Definitions – Housing at Place of Education; Place of Public Accommodation Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.403(c)(2) Alterations – Path of Travel – Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary Function Title III 28 CFR Part 36 - §36.406(d) Standards for New Construction and Alterations ­– Social Service Center Establishments §36.406(e)(3) Housing at a Place of Education

Other Federal Regulations Sources:  Fair Housing Act Design Manual Rev 1998 Introduction Examples of Covered Multi-Family Dwellings – New Construction Behind Old Facade 7.33 Usable Kitchens and Bathrooms – Part B: Usable Bathrooms – Powder Rooms HUD – 24 CFR Part 8 Instructions for Use of Alternative Accessibility Standards May 23, 2014 Common Use Areas in Residential Facilities – Section 203.8 of the 2010 Standards

270 Other Elements 

11B-809.2 Residential Dwelling Units – Accessible Routes 11B-809.3 Kitchen 11B-809.4 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities 11B-809.4.1 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities – Subsequent Bathrooms 11B-809.5 Residential Dwelling Units With Communication Features 11B-809.5.1 Building Fire Alarm System 11B-809.5.2 Residential Dwelling Unit Smoke Detection System and Carbon Monoxide Detection System – Activation 11B-809.5.3 Interconnection 11B-809.5.4 Prohibited Use 11B-809.5.5 Residential Dwelling Unit Primary Entry 11B-809.5.5.1 Notification 11B-809.5.5.2 Identification 11B-809.5.6 Site, Building, or Floor Entrance

Employee Only Spaces The question that often comes up is, what do we do for employee only spaces? The answer is, it depends on whether it is an existing employee only space or a new or altered employee only space; whether it is an employee only work area or an employee only common space; and then whether it is inside California or outside. Federal government employee areas are looked at differently under the ABA and are required to have more access. The 1991 ADA had required employee only work areas to be on an accessible route so someone with a disability can approach, enter, and exit the area, just not necessarily get in and around the space. With the new 2010 ADAS, this has been increased to also include a common use circulation path within the employee-only work area. The common use circulation path requirement states that all elements within the work area are located on a 36" wide accessible circulation path, aside from a few exceptions and a few other requirements. Employee common use spaces are required to be fully accessible, although not specifically stated in that manner. Smaller spaces (less than 1,000 SF or work stations) such as stock rooms, file rooms, or storage areas accessed by employees only have to be on an accessible route and have the ability to be approached, entered, and exited. If an area is an employee research library accessed by more than just the librarian, then this is considered a common use space that would require a common use circulation path per ADAS with compliant aisle widths between stacks per CBC. Typically, a private office, and even a trash enclosure, need only be on an accessible route and be able to be approached, entered, and exited—in other words, get to the door, open the door, and get completely over the threshold. Machinery rooms such as mechanical, electrical, and communications equipment rooms used by service personnel are specifically exempt from being required to be on an accessible route.

General Notes:  ▪▪ An employee work area is defined as all or any portion of a space used only by employees and used only for work

▪▪ An employee work station is defined as an area set by equipment or work surfaces, used only by and for one or a small number of employees, such as ticket booths, store check stands, the back area behind a bar, restaurant kitchen counter and equipment areas, file rooms, etc. per CBC ▪▪ Work areas for employees are not required to have 5% of the work surfaces accessible, since this is provided as a reasonable accommodation under Title I of the ADA—if the project is federally funded, 5% of the employee permanently installed work surfaces are to be accessible under the ABA ▪▪ Employee work areas do not include employee common spaces such as corridors, toilet rooms, kitchenettes, and break rooms, which are required to be accessible NOTE A sink located in an employee break room will need to be made accessible with a front approach, if there are no built-in cooking elements, and one of each type of storage is to be made accessible. If there is a built-in cooktop or range, then the break room turns into a kitchenette that requires knee/toe clearance below for front approach as well as 50% of the shelving space within reach range. If there is no cooktop or range, but there is a cooking element such as a microwave, the sink can have a side approach. If a sink within the employee work area is used for washing equipment and is integral to the job, it would not be required to be accessible.

▪▪ Common use circulation paths within employee only work areas [and within employee work stations] are required to be accessible and have walking surfaces that are stable, firm, and slip resistant; compliant clearances along the route, including turns and passing spaces; any level changes to comply with accessible route criteria for ramps, thresholds, and elevators; and compliant doorways [per CBC] ▪▪ Employee only work areas less than 1,000 SF and defined by installed partitions, counters, casework, or furnishing [are exempt from accessible common use circulation path requirements] [are required to meet the general work area requirements per CBC]

| Items in black are where ADAS provides for greater access or where ADAS and CBC are equivalent | Items in blue are where California provides greater access | Outside of California ignore blue text and the blue [strikeout] line itself—everything in black pertains | Employee Only Spaces

271

▪▪ Spaces and elements within employee work areas [and within employee work stations] are [only] required to be located on an accessible common use circulation path, which allows employees to approach, enter, and exit the work area or portions of the work space, with an accessible means of egress, [and are required to meet the general work area requirements per CBC] ▪▪ Elevated employee only work areas that are raised 7" minimum in order for the space to function, other than raised courtroom stations, and with less than 300 SF, [are exempt from the accessible common use circulation path requirements, from the approach/enter/exit requirements, and wiring for future visible alarms if an audible alarm system is installed] [are required to meet the general work area requirements per CBC] ▪▪ Employee only work areas [and employee work stations] exposed to the weather are exempt from the accessible common use circulation path requirements within the space [per CBC] ▪▪ Ramps and common use circulation paths within employee only work areas can have the clearances reduced by work area equipment if it is essential to the function of the work—if stairs and elevated walkways are part of turbines, pumps, etc., they are exempt from accessible common use circulation path requirements ▪▪ Ramps within employee only work areas are [not required to have handrails installed if the ramp is designed for future installation with compliant clear widths, except handrails are not required if the ramp is reduced by work area equipment] [required to have handrails per CBC] ▪▪ If the only elevator provided is a freight elevator used both by employees and the public, it is also required to be accessible per CBC ▪▪ Parking provided for employees including in public multi-family residential facilities [and in hospital outpatient facilities] is based on the general requirements in Table 208.2 [per CBC] Note  If there is not a separate employee only parking facility, then pro-rate the required number of parking spaces based on the intended use of the overall lot

272 Other Elements 

▪▪ Operable parts used only by service or maintenance personnel are not required to meet accessible control requirements ▪▪ Book stacks for employee use only, are not required to comply with reach range heights ▪▪ Home offices used for business are required to meet both interior and exterior requirements for accessible path of travel items, used by employees and business visitors NOTE Home Office Accessibility Do I need to make my home office accessible? The answer is, it depends. If you never have clients or employees come to your home office, then there are no accessibility requirements. This assumes you do all of your work on the internet, or phone, or go to your clients’ offices for meetings, or use some other type of conferencing, if needed, to interface with people. On the other hand, if someone comes to your home office, whether clients or employees, then the portion of the house used for work, or the area overlapping work with residential is considered a place of public accommodation and should be accessible. This includes the path of travel from the street to the entry and to the office space, including the hallway and bathroom used by a visitor. All of these elements should be accessible. If you have parking on your property used for your clients and employees, then an accessible parking space should also be provided. For a home office where the public does come, be aware of height changes in the path of travel, whether steps, thresholds, or uneven walkways, or thick carpeting, as well as clear widths along the full route. Doors with the correct clearances, with the appropriate clear floor space on both sides of the door, and compliant hardware and force to operate are required. Provide cane detectable barriers under protruding and overhanging objects along this route. This can include wall sconces projecting more than 4" or hanging light fixtures below 80" or landscaping that needs to be trimmed. A restroom, if available, and on-site parking, if it exists, need to also comply. Remember, there is no barrier removal requirement for employees, but there is if your clients (the public) can come to the work space.

▪▪ For both public buildings and places of public accommodation, employee lounges or locker rooms, mechanical rooms, supply storage rooms, and janitor closets are not considered a primary function area for purposes of alterations

▪▪ Where audible alarms are provided in employee only work areas [and within employee work stations], the wiring system provided includes the capacity for future visible alarms to be integrated into the system [per CBC] ▪▪ Barrier removal does not apply to employee only areas

NOTE There is no barrier removal program for employee only areas in existing buildings. Barrier removal is for clients and customers only, in places of public accommodation, and in those limited areas within commercial facilities where clients and customers might come would also be considered areas of public accommodation. Employees, though, have some measure of protection, since employers with 15 or more employees are required by Title I of the ADA to provide reasonable accommodation in its workplace for those employees needing consideration. This is a different concept than barrier removal and is individualized for the specific employee.

Employee Only Spaces

273

Sources – Relevant Codes and Standards 2010 ADA Sources:  106.5 Definitions – Defined Terms – Employee Work Area 203.4 General Exceptions – Limited Access Spaces 203.5 Machinery Spaces 203.9 Employee Work Areas 205.1 excep 1 Operable Parts – General 206.2.8 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Employee Work Areas 207.1 Accessible Means of Egress – General 208.2.3.3 Parking Spaces – Minimum Number – Residential Facilities – Parking for Guests, Employees, and Other Non-Residents 215.3 Fire Alarm Systems – Employee Work Areas 226.1 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces – General 402 Accessible Routes 403.5 excep Walking Surfaces – Clearances 405.5 excep Ramps – Clear Width 405.8 excep Handrails   Advisory 226.1 General Advisory 902.1 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces - General

ADA Implementing Regulations Sources:  Title II 28 CFR Part 35 – §35.151(b)(4)(i)(A) New Construction and Alterations – Alterations – Path of Travel – Primary Function Title III 28 CFR Part 36 – §36.401(b)(2) New Construction – Commercial Facilities located in Private Residences Title III 28 CFR Part 36 – §36.403(b) Alterations: Path of Travel – Primary Function Guidance on the 2010 Standards: Title II and III – 203, 206 and 215 Employee Work Areas

ABA Sources:  Advisory F226.1 General

274 Other Elements 

2016 CBC Sources: (Sources shown in blue italics differ from ADA) 202 Definitions – Workstation 907.5.2.3.1 excep Fire Alarm and Detection Systems – Occupant Notification System –Alarm Notification Appliances – Visible Alarms – Public Use and Common Use Areas 11B-203.9 General Exceptions – Employee Workstations 11B-205.1 excep 1 Operable Parts – General 11B-206.2.8 Accessible Routes – Where Required – Employee Work Areas 11B-207.1 Accessible Means of Egress – General 11B-208.2.3.3 Parking Spaces – Minimum Number – Residential Facilities – Parking for Guests, Employees, and Other Non-Residents 11B-215.3 Fire Alarm Systems and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Systems – Employee Work Areas 11B-225.2.3 excep 2 Storage – Storage – Library Book Stacks 11B-245.3 Public Accommodations Located in Private Residences – Accessible Items Required 11B-302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 11B-303 Changes in Level 11B-402 Accessible Routes 11B-403.5 excep Walking Surfaces – Clearances 11B-404.2.3 Doors, Doorways, and Gates – Manual Doors, Doorways, and Manual Gates – Clear Width 11B-405.5 excep 1 Ramps – Clear Width 11B-405.8 Ramps – Handrails 11B-407.1.1 Elevators – General – Combined Passenger and Freight Elevators   Advisory 1.9.1.1.2 DSA – Application – Access Compliance – Leases Advisory 11B-208.2.1 Hospital Outpatient Facilities

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

Chapter 7

A Word or Two on Existing Projects  The nature of our practice has changed, with a higher proportion of renovation and re-use. Under the ADA Standards, there are differing requirements for new construction versus alteration. Since these are federal laws, local public agencies can only offer limited direction. This chapter reviews the criteria for existing buildings to provide a better sense of the implications of the law and how it applies to public buildings and places of public accommodation.

Overview

●●

Accessibility for privately funded places of public accommodation and commercial projects have two ­components:

●●

1. Meeting the requirements for the Americans with Disabilities Act Standards (ADAS) and

●●

2. Meeting requirements for California or other local jurisdictions, whether State, County, or City. The first is a civil rights act and is subject to interpretation by the courts. It is recommended that the building owner and/or tenant consider both legal and financial implications when choosing how to proceed. The second component is subject to code review by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). A facility needs to comply with both, and if one is more stringent than the other in providing greater access, it would be the one that governs.

Barrier Removal The ADA requires all privately funded buildings open to the public that affect commerce (places of public accommodation and commercial facilities) to perform barrier removal that is readily achievable, even if there is no construction being proposed; with the exception of private clubs and religious facilities. A commercial facility is one that has operations affecting commerce between several states or a state and a foreign country. Note that barrier removal is not applicable to public buildings since the concept of program accessibility applies instead. Readily achievable barrier removal is applicable to existing buildings in the following instances:

Built before the Act went into effect on January 26, 1992; or Permitted by this date and then first occupied before January 26, 1993; and Building elements listed in the Supplemental Requirements (listed below) constructed after those dates until March 15, 2012

What is considered readily achievable by the Department of Justice (DOJ), is defined in the Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) § 36.304(b) as follows: ●●

Installing ramps

●●

Making curb cuts in sidewalks and entrances

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Repositioning shelves

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Rearranging tables, chairs, vending machines, display racks, and other furniture

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Repositioning telephones

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Adding raised markings on elevator control buttons

●●

Installing flashing alarm lights

●●

Widening doors

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Installing offset hinges to widen doors

●●

Eliminating a turnstile or providing an alternate path of travel

●●

Installing accessible door hardware

●●

Installing grab bars in toilet stalls

●●

Rearranging toilet partitions to increase maneuvering space

●●

Insulating lavatory pipes under sinks to prevent burns

●●

Installing a raised toilet seat

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Installing a full-length bathroom mirror 275

●●

●● ●●

Repositioning the paper towel dispenser in a bathroom Creating designated accessible parking spaces Installing paper cup dispenser adjacent to a drinking fountain

●●

Removing high pile, low density carpeting

●●

Installing vehicle hand controls

While the DOJ does provide the preceding itemized list of examples of what is considered as readily achievable barrier removal, they also specifically state it is not an exhaustive or definitive list, and what would be considered readily achievable is not limited to just the above listed items. Be aware that buildings built after the 1991 ADA went into effect were required to comply. If an item was non-compliant, it is not considered barrier removal but rather a non-conforming element which is required to be altered to comply with the standards, and would now be required to meet the 2010 ADA Standards.

Supplemental Requirements The 2010 ADA Standards has provided additional scoping and technical requirements for new elements that were previously not addressed in the 1991 ADA. As of March 15, 2012, these items are required to comply in new construction, but if they exist from before that date, then they need to be revised as a barrier removal task. These items are: (A) Residential facilities and dwelling units (B) Amusement rides (C) Recreational boating facilities (D) Exercise machines and equipment (E) Fishing piers and platforms (F) Golf facilities (G) Miniature golf facilities (H) Play areas (I) Saunas and steam rooms (J) Swimming pools, wading pools, and spas (K) Shooting facilities with firing positions (L) Miscellaneous. (1) Team or player seating (2) Accessible route to bowling lanes (3) Accessible route in court sports facilities

276 A Word or Two on Existing Projects 

If these elements are existing, they also need to have barriers removed that are readily achievable. If they are part of a public facility, the transition plan will need to be updated to address these items for program accessibility. We now also have the concept of safe harbor for any elements that met the 1991 ADA on an item-by-item basis. According to Safe Harbor provisions, it will not be necessary to revise these elements to align with the new standards if they are a path of travel item supporting an area being altered. If the element itself is being altered, it will need to comply with the new 2010 ADAS. The Supplemental Requirements listed above do not receive safe harbor since there were no preceding requirements for these elements.

What is the Criteria for Readily Achievable? The ADA implementing regulations acknowledges that barrier removal may not be readily achievable, which is defined as, “easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty or expense.” There are five factors to be considered when determining whether an action is readily achievable for the owner and/or tenant as defined in § 36.104. Note that it is only the first point listed below with which architects and designers can assist their clients, since the remaining items have to do with financial and ownership considerations rather than building issues. Legal and accounting analyses are beyond the scope of services that architects or designers are permitted or are licensed to perform. (1) The nature and cost of the action needed under this part; (2) The overall financial resources of the site or sites involved in the action; the number of persons employed at the site; the effect on expenses and resources; legitimate safety requirements that are necessary for safe operation, including crime prevention measures; or the impact otherwise of the action upon the operation of the site; (3) The geographic separateness, and the administrative or fiscal relationship of the site or sites in question to any parent corporation or entity; (4) If applicable, the overall financial resources of any parent corporation or entity; the overall size of the parent corporation or entity with respect to the number of its employees; the number, type, and location of its facilities; and

(5) If applicable, the type of operation or opera­ tions of any parent corporation or entity, including the composition, structure, and functions of the workforce of the parent corporation or entity. If the owner/tenant feels that removing a barrier is not readily achievable, they would need to demonstrate the above and provide alternative methods to barrier removal. There is no central entity that this needs to be shown to for approval, but rather this would be necessary if they were challenged in court. Another item to consider when contemplating alterations is that new rules for the 2010 ADA Standards became mandatory as of March 15, 2012. In doing any alterations, if the supporting path of travel to the altered area does not meet the 1991 ADA Guidelines, then it would need to be brought up to these new standards. This is on an item-by-item basis, and if an element was compliant with the original 1991 ADA, it has safe harbor and there is no requirement to modify this specific path of travel element in order to comply with current requirements, unless the remodel or alteration is for that specific area. The exception to this is if a path of travel element is actually being altered, then it needs to comply with today’s standards. In California, there is now an additional requirement to meet the preceding code cycle for the supporting path of travel to the altered area. This would also be analyzed on an item-by-item basis, and if the path of travel element does meet the preceding code, then it does not need to be revised unless the remodel or alteration is for that specific area, in which case it will need to have the current CBC standards applied.

Priorities for Barrier Removal If not all items are readily achievable to remove barriers, then the priorities are listed in the following order per CFR § 36.304(c): (1) First, a public accommodation should take measures to provide access to a place of public accommodation from public sidewalks, parking, or public transportation. These measures include, for example, installing an entrance ramp, widening entrances, and providing accessible parking spaces.

(2) Second, a public accommodation should take measures to provide access to those areas of a place of public accommodation where goods and services are made available to the public. These measures include, for example, adjusting the layout of display racks, rearranging tables, providing Brailled and raised character signage, widening doors, providing visual alarms, and installing ramps. (3) Third, a public accommodation should take measures to provide access to restroom facilities. These measures include, for example, removal of obstructing furniture or vending machines, widening of doors, installation of ramps, providing accessible signage, widening of toilet stalls, and installation of grab bars. (4) Fourth, a public accommodation should take any other measures necessary to provide access to the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of a place of public accommodation. Barrier removal is an ongoing obligation of building and business owners even if no construction is being done. There is a federal tax credit that allows small businesses to remove barriers on an annual basis and receive an annual tax credit if they qualify by income and number of employees. The intent is that over a number of years, businesses should be fully accessible.

Public Buildings/Facilities If the building is a public building or facility, there is no barrier removal requirement but rather program accessibility. A public entity is required to make each service, program, or activity when viewed in its entirety readily accessible and available to the public per CFR § 35.150(a). If the action would result in an undue financial and administrative burden, there is a process that the public entity needs to follow in order to substantiate this opinion. If any structural changes need to happen in order to provide program accessibility, a public entity with 50 or more employees is required to create and implement a transition plan per CFR § 35.150(d). This too has a prescribed method and requirements for the components of the transition plan. Note that the concept of structural changes is more synonymous with any physical facility changes rather than just the columns and beams holding up a building.

Barrier Removal

277

Employee Spaces Since employees are protected under Title I of the ADA, employee-only areas are exempt from the requirements of barrier removal, however if these areas are altered, the employee-only areas will then be required to comply with today’s standards. Newly constructed employee spaces will need all common areas to be accessible. Employee-only work areas are required to be designed so the area is located on an accessible route and the work area itself has an accessible common use circulation path. Individual workspaces allow employees to approach, enter, and exit. Generally, the term enter is interpreted to mean that there is a 30" × 48" clear floor space just inside the workspace. There are a number of other requirements and exceptions for employee spaces found within the Standards. Pre-ADA, public entities were suppose to comply with the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS). However, once the ADA was implemented, public entities had a choice of complying with either ADAS or UFAS. Now with the 2010 ADA Standards, public entities no longer have a choice and are required to comply with ADAS only.

Alterations When an element or space is altered, it is now required to comply with the 2010 ADA Standards. When this element or space is a primary function area, an additional 20% of the construction budget is to be spent on the path of travel supporting the altered area. If alterations are done over time, it is calculated over a 3 year period. The path of travel is not only the circulation path to get to the altered area, comprised of walks, sidewalks, curb and pedestrian ramps, paths thru lobbies, corridors, rooms, parking access aisles, elevators, and lifts, but also by definition, it includes restrooms, telephones, and drinking fountains that serve the altered primary function area. However, the path of travel does not include an existing means of egress system with its various components of exit access (from within the building including exit stairs), the exit (the exit door area itself), and the exit discharge (from the exit to the public way) unless the egress system itself is being altered. If the cost to make the full path of travel accessible exceeds 20% of the construction costs it is then considered disproportionate. When choosing which path of

278 A Word or Two on Existing Projects 

travel elements to address within the 20% budget, there is a priority for which elements are to be altered per CFR§ 36.403(g) and CFR § 35.151(b)(iv)(B) (i) An accessible entrance; (ii) An accessible route to the altered area; (iii) At least one accessible restroom for each sex or a single unisex restroom; (iv) Accessible telephones; (v) Accessible drinking fountains; and (vi) When possible, additional accessible elements such as parking, storage, and alarms. Notice that items on this list are considered path of travel elements by definition. Alterations to the path of travel elements do not trigger additional proportional spending. Certain spaces are not considered primary function areas and hence will not trigger an additional 20% proportional spending of the construction budget. These areas can include a number of different types of spaces— mechanical rooms, boiler rooms, supply storage rooms, employee lounges or locker rooms, janitorial closets, entrances, corridors, and restrooms. None of these is considered an area containing a primary function. Additionally any alterations made to windows, hardware, controls, electrical outlets, and signage are not considered alterations that affect the usability of a space, hence no proportional spending is triggered by altering these elements. Another item of interest: if a tenant is doing alterations to areas that only they occupy, the proportional spending would be limited to their space. Their proportional spending would not trigger an obligation onto the building owner for areas of the facility under the landlord’s authority, if those areas are not also being altered.

California Requirements (CBC) California Building Codes do not require upgrades of facilities if they were built before the ADA went into effect in January 26, 1992 unless performing alterations, additions, or structural repairs. In which case, those areas being revised do need to meet today’s accessibility standards as do their supporting path of travel elements. When alterations, additions, or structural repairs are done, not only will the space being altered need to meet new codes, but a number of items not actually within the specific space, but

supporting it, will need to comply as well. These supporting elements are prioritized under CBC: ●●

A primary entrance to the building or facility,

●●

Toilet and bathing facilities serving the area,

●●

Drinking fountains serving the area,

●●

Public telephones serving the area, and

●●

Signs

Notice that the CBC varies a bit from the ADAS. The CBC states as the first priority a primary entrance to the building or facility, whereas the ADAS states an accessible entrance as the first priority and an accessible route to the altered area as a second priority. The CBC combines both by definition into one priority. The CBC has reversed the priority of drinking fountains and phones from the prioritization under the ADAS. The CBC also states signs as the fifth priority, whereas ADAS lists other elements such as parking, storage, and alarms with no specific mention of signs. In this case, it appears that the ADAS overrides CBC since the federal standards provide for more access. Egress components are not path of travel elements and, therefore, are not subject to mandatory upgrading, unless the egress features themselves are being altered. Similarly to the ADA Standards, the CBC states that one only needs to spend up to an additional 20% of the construction costs (not including project management fees and expenses, testing and inspection fees, architectural/engineering fees, utility connection, and service district fees, or components) for path of travel modifications as listed under the preceding prioritization, but modifies it by stating that this is true if the construction budget is under the valuation threshold. This amount increases annually and is $156,162 in 2017. When the construction budget is over the valuation threshold, the CBC requires the full path of travel supporting the altered area to be made accessible, regardless of the cost. If it is determined to be an unreasonable hardship by the administrative authority, one is still obligated to spend the additional 20% of the construction costs for path of travel modifications but is not required to make the full path of travel accessible. If alterations were done consisting solely of HVAC, reroofing, electrical work (not including placement of switches or receptacles), parking, carpet, painting or other cosmetic work not regulated by building codes, one is not obligated for any proportional spending over the construction budget on the path of travel.

Additionally, items that are altered solely to remove barriers or to make the facilities more accessible do not invoke additional proportional spending to the construction budget. Another difference to note: The ADAS provides for safe harbor if an element fully complied with the 1991 ADA. If one modifies that element, then it is required to meet the 2010 ADAS, but there is no obligation to upgrade a path of travel element supporting an altered area if it does meet the 1991 ADA. The CBC, though, only provides a form of safe harbor if the element complies with the preceding version of the CBC. So for an alteration project being permitted in 2017, if the path of travel element met the 1991 ADA, you are not required to update it for ADA, but in order for the element to have the same consideration under the CBC, it would need to have met the 2013 edition of the code.

Summary If any renovation has happened after January 26, 1992, the altered space should have been upgraded to fully comply with ADA and the local Administration Authority requirements in place at that time, as well as addressing path of travel items previously listed. Although there is no safe haven, the more that can be brought into compliance, the less risk or exposure the owner/tenant has and the more accessible the building will be. For buildings built prior to January 26, 1993, there is the definition of readily achievable barrier removal for places of public accommodation and program accessibility for public buildings. Both of these concepts require the facilities to be made more accessible, even if there are no alterations being made, within specific differing parameters both financial and physical. This is determined on a case-by-case basis. There are also some new elements in the 2010 ADAS to which readily achievable barrier removal or program accessibility apply. There is a federal tax incentive for small businesses to assist them with implementing more access. New projects or alterations to existing facilities will now need to comply with the 2010 ADA Standards. Existing projects and path of travel elements will not need to be altered to meet the 2010 ADA Standards as long as they met the requirements of the original ADA and will receive safe harbor on an item-by-item basis.

Summary

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The 2010 ADAS has provided supplemental requirements for scoping and technical criteria for new elements that were not previously addressed. These newly defined elements will need to have barriers removed or be part of a transition plan for a public agency. Only items that were addressed in and met the original ADA, or UFAS if a facility is a public or federal building, have safe harbor.

280 A Word or Two on Existing Projects 

Lastly, if a facility was built after January 26, 1993, and has elements that do not comply with the requirements of the 1991 ADA, the non-complying elements are required to be fixed and will need to meet the 2010 ADA Standards. This obligation for correction of noncomplying elements does not have safe harbor nor would it be considered a barrier removal task since they were non-complying facilities or elements in the first place.

Chapter 8

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

Innovative Ideas on Access World-Wide Access Overall One of the issues that comes up with architectural design is how to integrate access into our environment. The ADA, in my opinion, is a technical look at the kit-of-parts or language that we can use to make our environment more accessible whether through scoping or technical requirements. It provides a framework of requirements for how to provide access. The overall issue is more than just access, however. In the broadest sense, it is about living independently, doing the things you want to do, and doing them for as long as possible. Putting in a set of grab bars or creating a space that makes grab bars or handrails easy to install is one step that might address our future stability/mobility issues, whether we will eventually require them or not. Installing storage, whether in the kitchen or other areas that have a larger portion that is lower than the typical wall cabinets allows not only someone who is a wheelchair user, but also children to have more independence. It also allows people who are shorter to get rid of the step stool, which could be dangerous as one ages. The ADA is just one element in the overall language of making our lives more independent no matter what stage of life we are in or what, if any, disability we may have. Remember that the ADA gives us the technical tools, but what are the concepts behind this?

Visiting Visitability is a broad design concept encompassing the idea that, even though a home may not be designed for someone with a disability, it acknowledges and incorporates minimal access for others who might visit. This is not only important for the here and now, but also for later on, when the current owner may need access or have friends or family who do. Knowing that a home may be around much longer than the current owners, this added flexibility becomes important.

What visitability means is having at least one entry that is accessible with no steps and one route to the entry with a maximum slope of 8.33%. This allows a friend or family member the ability to actually enter the home. Another feature of visitability is having one bathroom or powder room on the main floor level that is approachable and large enough to be used by someone in a wheelchair. The third component is that all passage doors provide for a minimum of 32" clear width, although 34" is better, so the visitor can get from one place to another. These three basic features allow for not only visitability, but also, if necessary, easier modifications in the future. More can certainly be done, but these three basic items should be easy to incorporate into new construction and alterations.

Designing Universally Universal design addresses our environment, in terms of either products or space, so that it is usable by all to the greatest degree possible without the need for major adaption. Rather than installing one counter height at a location, the counter can be installed at multiple heights. Signage and information with an audible component could also incorporate a visual element. How many times have we heard that a ramp is used not only by people with mobility issues but also for strollers, carts, or people who have had an accident and are temporarily hampered? Many items can meet the needs of a variety of people no matter what their disability or lack of a disability is. It is about creating a diverse environment with diverse solutions, where one size does not fit all, where multiple solutions are incorporated, and can be provided all at the same time. In other words, this is about environments that are designed to be inclusive.

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As We Age in Place

Picking up items from the floor, such as scattered mail coming through a mail slot, becomes a bigger task because it is more difficult to bend over and keep our balance

In the microcosm of the single-family home, people can physically change which room is theirs as they age and have different requirements for community verses privacy, or can have a room on the first floor with no stairs if mobility becomes an issue. Perhaps the extended family living style of our past can be better integrated if we have a better understanding of what each generation needs now in terms of both community and privacy. The concept of lifelong communities can also be applied to new multi-family housing projects. If separate studio units are located adjacent to multi-bedroom units and an interconnecting door is framed on either side for future doors, they can still be leased separately now. Yet, at a future time, doors can be installed and this adjacency creates a larger apartment with the connectivity for multi-generational housing units—providing the capability to be less isolated and at the same time the quiet or private space one might need. How the space is used evolves around us as people rather than forcing people to adapt to fixed rigid structures. From the community and urban design standpoint, there would be more neighborhood markets that would be easy to get to that do not require driving, or that are located on public transportation stops. As we lose our reflexes and our ability to drive, or whether we are too young or even not have the funds be able to drive, having another method to move around our community would provide for much greater independence. Again, all of this goes full circle. The intent is to keep people from being isolated and to be able to go out into the community and be as active and as independent as possible for as long as possible.

Handrails on stairs, even if they are not required, provide more security, preventing falls

Other Topical Approaches

One of the concepts about independent living as we get older is aging in place, whether it is our home or the space where we work. If we develop the space now so that it is either accessible or easily adaptable for future modifications, changes in the future will be less onerous. There are certain elements that affect everyone as they age, whether it is our eyesight, our strength, our hearing, or our mobility. The U.S. census shows that in the year 2000, people over the age of 65 were roughly 12.5% of the population with a projected increase to 20% by the year 2030. The primary cause of unintentional injury-related death is trips and falls (41% of the population over the age of 73) and second greatest cause in those aged 60 to 72. How we integrate this, keeping the goal of aging in place in mind is beyond the prescriptive elements of just the ADA. Some of this is common sense, but some items can be more of a challenge to incorporate into our live/ work environments unless we start thinking outside of the box. As we age: ●●

We will need more light to see

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Background noise can interfere with our hearing

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Glare off of reflective surfaces is an irritant

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Variations in temperature can have more impact on our comfort and how we feel

To make this personal, what do you want to keep doing as you get older, and how can you design for it now to accommodate as you slow down in the future?

Life-Long Communities Another concept to consider is lifelong communities, where our environment is designed to evolve as we progress through life. This could be the microcosm of a single-family home that is designed to house multi-generations, incorporating the needs of privacy verses community for each generation within the home, or the even broader aspect within our communities of convenient transportation, shops, and entertainment. 282 Innovative Ideas on Access World-Wide

A number of studies have been conducted and abstracts written on access both in the United States and abroad. Some are more investigative, others are more topical, and some are conceptual to start people thinking in a certain direction. These studies, abstracts, and papers were not reviewed for how well the research was documented or the premises used, but rather what appeared to be interesting ideas that are outside of the typical design approach for access. Remember, as the population is aging, there is indeed an increased need for access. Following are some very basic overviews of interesting projects and concepts being explored. It is by no means a definitive list of what is happening everywhere

but rather thoughts and ideas on how better to design for different types of needs.

Kitchen Cabinets A study was done in Slovenia that addresses how to make use of the optimal range for kitchen cabinet storage. The abstract basically states that the optimal height for kitchen storage is known to be between 31" (800 mm) and 43" (1100 mm) and that there is reduced visibility and access when the height increases to the range of 55" to 67" (1400 to 1700 mm), particularly for the elderly. What the study suggests is to make the work surface on the base cabinets deeper and bring the wall cabinets lower so that they rest on the counter or work surface itself. What is interesting about this approach is that if the base cabinets were increased to a depth of 30" and the wall cabinets were brought down to the counter surface with full extension shelving (or drawers), two wall shelves would now be within reach range. Also, with full extension hardware on the shelving and drawers in the base cabinets, there would be a higher percentage than typical of easily reachable storage space.

Bathtub Grab Bar Placement for Seniors A Canadian study analyzed 5 different placements for grab bar locations in bathtubs used by seniors, including the American UFAS configuration. Depending on whether a person is going into the tub or getting out, and whether they are sitting down or standing up, they may use differing grab bar locations more often. The open edge of the bathtub rim itself was found by the study to be used by most people for sitting down and standing up, and many used the side walls. The study recommended a minimum of 2 grab bars—a vertical bar on the short control/faucet wall, which assists the user in getting into and out of the tub, and a horizontal or angled bar on the back long wall, which assists the user in sitting down and standing up. The configuration of the bar on the back wall would depend upon the needs of the specific user. What I found interesting was the recommendation of a third horizontal bar on the control/faucet wall that extends beyond the edge of the tub that helps for entering and exiting. Since the open edge of the bathtub rim was frequently used, another approach to consider is to have non-slip surfaces on the bathtub rim itself as well. This is important if you understand that one of the greatest causes of non-disease-related death and injury is slips and falls in

the elderly population. The bathroom frequently has wet floors and, with the motions of sitting and standing when getting into and out of the tub, it is one of the more common places for this type of injury to occur. A good percentage of the elderly also have problems with balance. So this is an area that is worth a better understanding.

Toilet & Toilet Grab Bar Placement for Seniors An American study reviewed placement of grab bars for people needing assistance transferring from a wheelchair to the toilet. It found that the traditional placement of bars on the side and back walls are for those who can transfer without assistance either by a diagonal or side approach. The toilet, in this case for independent self-transfer, is generally centered 16" to 18" from the side wall. However, this location does not allow enough space for a caregiver. Sometimes there might be one or two people assisting those who cannot transfer independently. What this study does address is the placement of grab bars and the spacing of toilets for this situation. The study recommends that the toilet is located 24" minimum from any obstructions along the side. A following study stated that 30" was easier to use. It also recommends a space 5'-6" minimum in width and 6'-6" minimum in depth from the back wall. Some people transfer directly from the wheelchair, but the majority stand to transfer from a front approach. Grab bars placed along the sides were easier for most seniors to use. This position was also helpful for individuals keeping their balance, if they needed help with clothing removal while standing. The grab bars are placed along both sides of the toilet and can swing away or fold up. Also found helpful was an additional lower grab bar that was attached to the seat itself at approximately 30" AFF along with the upper bars. The lower bars were beneficial for support while lowering and getting up from the toilet seat, whereas the upper bars helped in the initial transfer to and from the wheelchair. This will need to be studied further in order to provide more specifics. Realize this is not just for seniors, but addresses assisted transfer for all. Note that this is not yet accepted as a standard for the ADA.

Encouraging the Use of Grab Bars Another Canadian study on ways to increase the use of grab bars tested a group of seniors on the usage of bars and compared bars without cues to smart-bars with visual or auditory cues or a combination of both. They Other Topical Approaches

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found there was an increase of about 39% of seniors using the bars with the smart-bar cues as opposed to those with no cues. Although the participants in the study preferred the visual cues, it was the audible cues that triggered the increased usage. The study states that seniors often are reluctant to install grab bars, and once installed they tend not to use them even with the proven safety benefit. The thinking is: “I am not old and do not need something like this” or “I am not disabled” or people just forget to use them. This goes back to the psychology of being independent, even if it means not using a self-assist feature such as a passive grab bar. Having the cues reminds people that the bars exist and they tend to make more use of them, which is particularly helpful in a high-hazard area such as a bathroom.

Autism Design for the Built Environment When we think of access, we typically think of mobility issues in the built environment. As we all are aware, there are other types of disabilities, but we may not be as familiar with how the built environment can have an impact on them. What has been referred to in the past as three different types of cognitive developmental conditions are all now known under the blanket name of autism spectrum disorder, or being on the spectrum. This disorder has increased in prevalence in the population, and as of 2014 affected about 1 out of every 68 children, although it is unclear whether the increase is due to better diagnosis or an increase in the condition itself. People who are on the spectrum, whether in early childhood, adolescence, adulthood, or geriatric, have difficulty synthesizing sensory input, which can easily lead to sensory overload. Designing spaces that are simple and predictable allows affected people to more easily adapt to the space. This does not mean the space should be a totally plain white cube, but rather a controlled use of items that provide sensory input, whether visual, audible, olfactory, or lighting. In fact, people on the spectrum tend to learn and interact with their environment differently. Autism-design involves having the sensory features focus on what someone is doing rather than on the background elements that support the ‘doing’. Having additional spaces that are calming also helps when someone experiences sensory overload.

Visual Font The Royal National Institute for the Blind in the United Kingdom developed a sans serif font, where individual 284 Innovative Ideas on Access World-Wide

characters are easy to distinguish from each other. This font is highly legible on low-resolution displays, such as transportation information terminals. It was originally developed for the blind and partially sighted community and can be machine read.

Built Environment Design for the Deaf Community One of the things we learn as designers and architects is how to organize design and incorporate wayfinding by means of axes and focal points. We learn about the more formal architecture with its linear and more direct arrangements of space, as opposed to informal with its cluster arrangements and less direct connections. We also learn a lot more about design for the mobility impaired since it directly affects the architectural environment. For the deaf and hard-of-hearing (HOH) community, we generally think in terms of placing visual signals or alarms, or sound attenuated devices where the volume is adjustable, since this is what is required by most access regulations. And this is mostly in interior environments only. It may not be apparent, but the principals of good design also have a great impact on those who are Deaf or HoH. For the Deaf community a visual path is critical. Understanding and creating nodes leading to or at destination points assists in navigation, where these nodes allow for visual cues along the route. The Deaf community does rely heavily on visual clues, which is very much what we deal with as architects and designers. It is for this reason that I personally find it very perplexing that, when we think of access for this segment of our population, we think of technical electronic-type aids and for interior use only, not visual architectural elements. What is interesting is that we are required to have maneuvering nodes every certain distance for wheelchairs. There is an overlap for the Deaf community, where these nodes can also be useful for stopping and having conversations off the direct circulation route. For this purpose, the nodes are helpful if placed more often and enlarged for conversations where people need to face each other to interact as well as have space for someone navigating in a chair to turn around or even rest. It would also be helpful to have pedestals, shelves, or other objects to rest items on. This helps not only those who sign and need both hands to communicate or who lip read and need to face each other and see facial expressions and body language, but also helps the elderly, who

cannot bend down easily, when they may want to rest a moment and perch objects that they are carrying. And then, considerations of providing enough light to see without glare, with clear lines of sight, is extremely important for both the interior and exterior environment. Remember, people who are Deaf or HoH navigate the world by seeing, which is the world designers and architects create.

Lighting Impact as We Age Light is extremely important to our well-being and health, but becomes even more critical as we age. A healthy circadian rhythm is affected by 3 components; ●●

narrow spectrum blue light

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lighting intensity

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lighting duration

If one of these components is lessened, the others need to increase in order to compensate. Narrow spectrum blue light controls a variety of our biological settings, which allows our body to produce the correct balance of daytime alert neurotransmitters and night-time restorative hormones that affect our circadian rhythm and melatonin production. If the secretion of melatonin is reduced, there is a higher incidence of disease. Less light enters the eye for many reasons as we age, requiring higher light levels: ●● ●●

●●

yellowing of the lens, which reduces detail increased floaters in the eyes, which causes more light scatter, increasing glare darkening of the lens, which filters out and reduces narrow spectrum blue light and compromises our circadian rhythms

Circadian disruption with fragmented sleep then leads to a number of physiological ailments—higher stress, a decrease in cognitive performance, cardiovascular disease, and a higher incidence of breast and prostate cancers. Some other interesting facts are: ●●

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A middle-aged adult averages 58 minutes per day of daylight; people in assisted living homes have about 35 minutes a day, and those in nursing homes about 2 minutes A 60-year-old requires 3 times the amount of light as a 20 year-old Time for light-to-dark adaption increases from 30 minutes in a 20-year-old to over 45 minutes in a 60-year-old

Numerous studies show that, within a short period of time, increased light levels show a normalization of circadian sleep cycles. Additionally, within a few months there is a lessening of sleep restlessness and sleep onset latency, less cognitive disorientation, and greater sleep duration with less depression and functional deterioration. Studies also show that increased light levels reduce the functional deterioration of dementia and Alzheimer’s patients similar to medications. When designing or altering spaces whether for work, home, or play, providing more light is better for our health across all ages, but for the aging population this becomes crucial. Provide cool bright light during the day and warm dim light in the evening with even illumination. Balance daylight with artificial light, which eliminates glare and high contrast from shadows caused by direct sunlight and clear glazing. Provide gradual changes in the lighting level from one room to another, and provide contrast in finishes not lighting. When lights are provided at exterior doors or even above sinks, consider providing 2 light sources for more even illumination. This is also helpful at keyed entries, where our bodies may block a single light source. All of these considerations help everyone who relies on their sight.

Access Overall – In Summary All of this is about the ability to live independently for as long as possible and to have an environment that supports a good quality of life, whatever that might be for each individual. How do we avoid institutions and institutional design? Although we may not be able to be rid of them entirely, there may be ways to create environments so institutions are a very last resort, and even then, they can be improved and designed for less of an institutional feel. Designing so one can intuitively understand a building or a site makes way-finding much easier for all. The more clarity we have moving from one point to the other helps each one of us with navigation whether or not we have a disability. And for those who do have a disability, there is a much greater reliance on intrinsic elements that help us better interact with our environments. There are a number of studies that have been happening both here in the United States and internationally. The main questions to consider are: ●●

Where do you want to be when you get older?

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How do you want to live? Access Overall – In Summary

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●●

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Even if you are slowing down as you age, what would make it all worthwhile as you continue on your journey? Then the important question: How does this get implemented in the built environment?

This last question is one designers, architects, and those who deal with the built environment are uniquely trained to address—if we can put our creative energy to work, and use access as a tool to creatively implement solutions into the built environment for today’s culture and needs, it helps all of us.

References “World Report on Disability.” World Health Organization, 2011, www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/en/ “Universal Design Guidelines – Dementia Friendly Dwellings for People with Dementia, Their Families and Careers.” Grey, Pierce, Cahill, Dyer, 2015. TrinityHaus and DSIDC’s Living with Dementia Research Programme, School of Social Work and Social Policy, Trinity College Dublin; National Disability Authority (NDA), 2015, http://universaldesign.ie/Web-Content-/UD_Guidelines-Dementia_ Friendly_Dwellings-2015-Introduction.pdf “Impact of Interior Design on Autistic Adults and Children.” Provided by Lamin-Art. “Ergonomic Suitability of Kitchen Furniture Regarding Height Accessibility.” Hrovatin, Prekrat, Oblak, Ravnik, Collegium Antropologicum, [2015, 3(1):185-191]. “Smart Grab Bars: A Potential Initiative to Encourage Bath Grab Bar Use in Community Dwelling Older Adults” Guitard, Sveistrup, Fahim, Leonard, October 12, 2012 Assistive technology: The Official Journal of RESNA, 25:3, 139-148, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1040043 5.2012.732654

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“Evaluation of Optimal Bath Grab Bar Placement for Seniors.” Sveistrup, Loclett, Edwards, Aminzadeh for CMHC, July 2003 Socio-economic Series 03-010, www.cmhc-schl.gc .ca/odpub/pdf/63245.pdf?fr=1442086808238 “Visitability – What Is It?” August 10, 2016www.visitability.org “Maximizing Health and Sleep in the Elderly” Mercier, October 2012 LD+A, www.thefreelibrary.com/Maximizing+health+and+sleep+in+the+elderly%3A+a+postoccupancy+study…-a0304467154 “Effect of Bright Light and Melatonin Cognitive and Noncognitive Function in Elderly Residents of Group Care Facilities” Riemersma-van der Lek, Swaab, Twisk, Hol, Hoogendijk, June 11, 2008, Journal of American Medical Association, http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx? articleid=273623 “Tiresias Font.” Gill Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB), www.myfonts.com/fonts/bitstream/tiresias/, www.johngilltech.com/guidelines/fonts.htm “DeafSpace Design Guidelines.” Bauman, August 11, 2010, Gallaudet University, www.gallaudet.edu/campus-design/ deafspace.html “How Gallaudet University’s Architects Are Redefining DeafSpace.” Kolson Hurley, March, 2016, www.curbed. com/2016/3/2/11140210/gallaudet-deafspace-washington-dc “Gallaudet University’s Brilliant, Surprising Architecture for the Deaf.” Kolson Hurley, January 13, 2016, Washingtonian, www.washingtonian.com/2016/01/13/gallaudet-universitys-brilliant-surprising-architecture-for-the-deaf/ “Proposal for Additions to Accessibility Standards for Nursing Home & Assisted Living residents in Toileting and Bathing” Lynch, August 20, 2012 sponsored by Hulda B & Maurice L Rothschild Foundation; AIA Design for Aging Knowledge Community White Paper, http://network.aia. org/HigherLogic/System/DownloadDocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=2ba57296-2538-435d-b1d5-f53fe5c5c1dc&forceDialog=0 “3 Lessons in Designing for Autism.” Anne DiNardo, November 15, 2015, www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/?s=autistic.

Index # 2-way communication elevator car, 131 security glazing, 42 systems, 177 2010 ADA Standards, 273–278

A ABA, xi, 66, 147, 271 Access aisles accessible routes, 2 built-up curb ramps, 47 requirements, 54–56 Access for hearing loss symbol, 164, 170 Accessible elements signage, 172 Accessible routes. See also Circulation paths access aisles, 54–56 aisles, 2 boarding and alighting areas, 63 bowling lanes, 274 catch pools, 92 clear width, 14 court sports facilities, 274 cut-thru islands, 76 dining areas, 144–146 diving boards, 92 edge protection, 119 elevated play areas, 234 exercise machines, 93 function areas, 144–146 junctions, signage at, 172 level area, 11 levels, 2 machines, 19 multi-family housing, 3, 260, 261, 267 overflow seating, 243 parking, 47 passing space, 6, 7 performance areas, 243 phones, 174 platform lifts, 135 play areas, 234 projections, 2 protruding objects, 14 revolving doors/gates, 1, 38 seating, 144–146 self-service shelving, 239 site elements and arrival points, 1 slides, 92 sports areas, 94 stairs, 1, 2, 103 stories, 2 toilet facilities, 200, 210 turnstiles, 1, 38

ADA in Details: Interpreting the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design By Janis Kent Copyright © 2017 by Janis Kent

vehicular way, at, 119 wheelchair seating, 243, 244 Accessories baby changing stations, 186, 206 clear floor space, 185–187 coat hooks, 187 dispensers, 186–187 medicine cabinet, 187 reach ranges, 185–187 restroom, 185–187 shelves, 187 Actuation bars, 172 Adaptable residential units, 267 mailboxes, 19, 41 ADA Standards, 273–278 Adjustment machines, 41 Aging in place, 280 AHJ, 273 Airports, phones, 178 Aisles, 2, 139–140, 142 180° turns, 9 check-out, 139–140 dining areas, 144, 145, 147 employee work area, 271 ramps, 109 stairs, 105 Alarm system communication feature dwelling units, 177, 266 communication feature guest rooms, 177, 257 employee areas, 272, 273 public and common use areas, 43 Alcoves, 6, 8, 19 drinking fountains, 157, 158 seating, 145–147 ALS, 164, 248–249 signs, 39, 42 Alterations, 165, 239 alarms, 43 barrier removal, 273–276 door projections, 23 door stops, 16, 17 elevators, 128 handrail extensions, 124 handrails, 103 path of travel, 276 proportional spending, 276, 277 safe harbor, 275, 277–278 sales/service counter, 140 single user restrooms, 200 stairs, 103 thresholds, 11 transient lodging, 251, 252 unreasonable hardship, 277 Ambulatory stalls, 210, 217–218

accessories, 218 children, 236 grab bars, 197 stall door clearances, 2 Amusement rides, 163, 274 Ancillary performance areas, 243 Angled van parking, 57 Apartments at education, 252, 267 Appliance controls, 41, 155 Areas for assisted rescue signage, 164 Areas of refuge signage, 164 Arena seating, 245 Art tiers seating, 245 ASME A17.1, 127, 131 A18.1, 135 Assembly areas accessible routes, 3 aisle ramps at seating, 109 ALS, 248–249 handrails, 121 lines of sight, 245 platform lifts, 135 powered doors, 172 seat/row designations, 163–165 stairs, 105 Assisted listening system. See ALS ATM, 41, 42 Audible alarms, 43 Audible signals, elevator car, 128, 131 Audio amplification, ALS, 248 Authority Having Jurisdiction, 273 Autism, 282 Automatic doors, 26, 34–36. See also Powered doors guide rails, 35 kickplate, 24 maneuvering clearances, 34 signs, 34, 36 Automatic sprinkler system stairs, 103

B Baby changing stations, 147, 186 multi-user, 210 toilet compartments, 206 Background of signs, 167–170 Baffles at security glazing, 42 Barrier removal, xii, 251, 273–278 employee only areas, 272, 273, 276 priorities, 275 readily achievable, 274–275, 277 Bars, 144, 145 Bathing room signs, 165, 172 287

Bathtubs, 229–231 grab bars, 198, 229–231, 281 lavatories, at, 229 multi-family housing, 229, 262 seats, 229–231 transient lodging, 255, 256 Bed and breakfasts, 251. See also Transient lodging Benches changing clothes, 240–241 clear floor space, 240 fixed, 240–241 locker rooms, 239 pools, 241 saunas and steam rooms, 93 showers, 241 BHMA. See Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association Bins, 41 Bleachers, 245 Blended transitions, 78. See also Zero curbs bus stops, 63 islands, 78 passenger loading areas, 60–61 Boarding and alighting areas, 63–64 Boating facilities, 274 Bolts, 24 Book stacks employees only, 272 library, 239 Bottom ramp landings, 111, 114 Bowling lanes, 94, 245 accessible routes, 274 Boxes, performing arts tiers, 245 Braille, 168–170 ATM/fare machines, 41 display screens, 41 input devices, 42 instructions/speech mode, 42 Break out openings powered doors, 35 Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association powered doors, 34, 35 Buildings address signs, 163, 165 directories, 163, 165 Built-up curb ramps, 66. See also Curb ramps access aisles, 47 Bus charter, 63 designated public transportation, 63 parking, 49 specified public transportation, 63 Bus stops, 63 detectable warnings, 81

C Cabinets, 151–153, 261, 281 hardware, 149, 152 288 Index

reach range, 20, 238, 281 sink, 152, 189, 263, 267 work surface, 152, 263 CA DOT curved ramps, 109 detectable warning surfaces, 80–83 driveways, 81 parking only, 51, 52 ramps, 108, 109 tow away signs, 51, 52 California CA Title 8, 127, 131, 135 CHBC ramps, 108, 109 restroom symbols, 182–183 State Fire Marshal, 24 tow away signs, 51, 52 Call controls, 128 Cane detectable barrier, 14–17, 175, 189 Canopy, medical facilities, 23 Carbon monoxide alarms, 43, 257, 266 Car control panels, 132–133 Car landing. See Elevator lobbies Carpet, 11 barrier removal, 274 doors, at, 26 Car position indicators, 133 Catch pool, water slides, 92 Change machines, 19, 41 Check-out aisles, 139–140 signs, 163 Check-out counters, 139–140 check writing surfaces, 140 Check stands aisles, 2 signs, 172 Check writing surfaces, 140 heights, 147 Children drinking fountains, 234 play areas, 234–235 rails, 233, 235 restrooms, 235–236 table/work surfaces, 233, 234 Circuit breakers, 41 Circulation paths, 54, 243 assembly seating, 245 employee work areas, 4, 271, 272 guy supports, 17 historic, 1 performance areas, 245 play areas, 234 projecting objects, 14 sports, within, 17 Clear floor spaces, 2 alcoves, 6, 8 bathtubs, 229 benches, 240 controls, 41, 43 dining tables, 144–146 doors, 26 drinking fountains, 158

dryers, 161 exercise machines, 93 grab bars, 194 hall call controls, 128 lavatories, 189–191, 261 level changes, 6 machines, 19 maneuvering space, 6 phones, 174 power assisted doors, 26 reach ranges, 19 restroom accessories, 185–187 restroom doors, 201, 210 showers, 222, 223 signs at doors, 169 sink, 160 sizes, 8 storage, 238 toilets, 193–194, 201, 261 unobstructed, 8, 19 urinals, 220 washing machines, 161 work surfaces, 144 Clear opening automatic doors, 34 doors, 23 Clocks, 64 Closers, 16, 24 clear height, 23 Closets accessible route, 1 Coat hooks ambulatory stall, 218 children’s, 233 dressing/fitting rooms, 239, 240 locker rooms, 239, 240 restrooms, 187 toilet compartments, 206 toilets, at, 194 Coin slots, 43 Commercial projects, 273–274 Common use areas alarm system, 43 Common use circulation paths employee only work area, 271, 272 employee space, 4 revolving doors/gates, 1 turnstiles, 38 Common use sink, 160 Communication features, 177–178 alarms, 43 assembly, 248–249 dwelling units, 19, 39, 177–178, 261, 266–267 elevators, 131 guest rooms, 255, 257 security glazing, 39, 42 transient lodging, 257 Communication systems, 177–178 multi-family housing, 178 Companion seating, 243–245

Company name signs, 163, 165 Condiment counters, 139, 142 Conference rooms, ALS, 248, 249 Construction sites portable single-use toilets, 200 Contracted Braille, 168, 169 Control end wall, bathtubs, 229, 230 Controls, 19 coin slots, 43 communication receptacles, 43 drinking fountain, 158 power assist doors, 34 powered doors, 26 redundant, 41 restroom accessories, 185 Convenience outlets, 41 Convention center phones, 178 Cooktop, 149, 153, 155, 255, 263, 271 Corner curb ramps, 72–74 Corridors, 2 alarm system, 43 Counters, 139–142 aisles, 2 bars, 144, 145 check-out, 139–140 communication, 42 condiment, 142 food service, 139, 142 kitchens, 41, 152, 153 reception, 140–141 sales, 140–141 security glazing, 39, 42 service, 140–141 Courtroom stations, 272 Court sports, 94 facilities, 274 Critical care rooms patient toilet rooms, 203 Crosswalks curb ramps, 72 Crowd control, 38 Curb ramps, 66–69 angled, 72 barrier removal, 273 bottom area, 72, 81 detectable warning location, 81–83 detectable warnings, 66–67 diagonal, 67, 72–74 double, 66, 69 edge protection, 118, 119 flares, 66, 67 gutters, 66 islands, 76–78, 81 marked crossings, 66 parallel, 66, 67, 69 parking, 47 slope, 66 sloped walkways, 66 top landings, 66 Curbs abrupt level changes, 11

bus stops, 63 edge protection, 118, 119 Curved ramps, 109 landings, 111 Cut-thru median/walkways, 76–77

D Deaf design, 282–283 Delayed egress locks, 164 Delivery vehicle parking, 49 Depository, 19, 41 Designated aisle seats, 172, 246 Designated public transportation, 63 Detectable warnings radial pattern, 80 Detectable warning surface. See also Truncated domes bus pads, 80, 81 bus stops, 63 contrast, 80 curb ramps, 66–67, 81–83 curved curb, 81 cut-thru median/walkways, 76–77 dome requirements, 80 double ramps, 81 driveways, 81 elevators, 78 EVCS, 86 islands, 76–77, 81 location, 81–83 parking, 47 pedestrian route, 78, 119 platform boarding edges, 81 PROW Accessibility Guidelines, 80, 82–83 radial pattern, 80 rail platforms, 80, 81 reflecting pools, 81 slip resistant, 80 track crossings, 80, 81 Detention/correctional facilities phones, 178 restroom door symbol, 183 Diagonal curb ramps, 67, 72–74 Dining/drinking surfaces, 144–147 Directional signage, 164, 165, 172 restrooms, 181 TTY, 178 Directories. See Buildings, directories Dishwasher, 155 Dispensers barrier removal, 274 children, 235 devices, 142 seat cover, 186, 187 soap, 186 toilets, at, 197 Display racks, barrier removal, 275 screens, 41–42

Diving boards, 92 Domes. See Truncated domes Door bells dwelling units, 177, 266 guest rooms, 177, 257 Doors active leaf, 23 actuation bars, 172 attendant controlled, 38 automatic, 24, 34–36 automatic sliding, 35 barrier removal, 273 bolts, 24 break out openings, 35 clear width, 23 closers, 16, 23, 24 closing speed, 24 delayed egress lock sign, 164 double leaf, 26 elevator, 129, 131–132 exit signs, 164 exterior powered leaves, 34 folding doors, 29, 32, 35 glass, 24 hardware, 24 height, 23 interior, 23 intrusion, 29 kickplates, 23, 24 lavatory clear floor space, 189 low energy, 26, 34, 35 maneuvering clearances, 34, 39 mobility rooms, 39 multi-family residential, 39, 266, 267 openings, 29–31 operating force, 23, 35 patient rooms, 26 platform lift, 137 pocket doors, 29, 32 power assist, 26, 34–36 powered, 172 projections, 15, 17, 23 ramps, 109 recessed, 26, 29–30 restroom compartment, 26 restroom symbol, 181, 182 revolving, 1, 38 in series, 31 sign location, 169 single user toilet rooms, 200–204 sliding, 23, 24, 29, 32 spring hinges, 24 stand-by power, 26 stops, 16, 17, 23 swinging, 24 toilet compartments, 206–208, 217–218 transient lodging, 38, 252, 253 tunnels, 23 vision lights, 24 Dormitories. See Transient lodging Index

289

DOT 49 CFR37, 64 Double curb ramps, 66, 67, 69 detectable warning surface, 81 Double leaf door clearances, 26 Drains bathtub stopper controls, 229 lavatory pipes, 189 showers, 12, 200, 222 Dressing rooms, 239–240 Drinking fountains, 157–158 children, 234 Drive-up phones, 174 Drive-up machines, 41, 42 ATM, 41, 42 depositories, 19 fare machines, 41, 42 Driveways, detectable warning, 81 Dryers, 160–161 Dwelling units. See also Residential dwelling units adaptable, 19, 41, 267 alteration, 260 communication feature, 19, 39, 177–178, 261, 266–267 dispersion, 261 exterior spaces, 261, 266 mobility feature, 154, 261–266 multi-story units, 261, 267 purchase, for, 260 substantial alteration, 260

E Edge protection, 118–119 level changes, 119 ramps, 107, 118 reflecting pools, 80, 81, 119 wheel guide rail, 118, 119 Education faculty housing, 252 graduate housing, 252, 267 housing, 251–253, 267 student housing, 149, 153, 182, 196, 200, 203, 227, 229, 251–253, 265–266 transient lodging, 251–253 Egress, lifts, 135 Electrical receptacles, 43 box, 19 heights, 43 restrooms outlets, 187 Electrical vehicle charging stations. See EVCS Elevated play areas accessible routes, 234 Elevator lobbies parking structures, 78 requirements, 127–129 Elevators. See also Elevator lobbies accessible route, 1 290 Index

building directory, 163, 165 call buttons, 128 car handrails, 121–122, 131 car requirements, 131 directional signage, 172 doors, 129 emergency communication, 131 existing, 127–129, 131 floor designations, 129 floor openings, 12 freight, 127 hall signals, 128 healthcare provider, 127 hoistway jamb signs, 129 illumination, 128, 131 landings. See Elevator lobbies lifts. See Platform lifts lobby, 78, 127–129 location signs, 169 mezzanines, 127 passenger, 127 reopening devices, 129 retail, 127 shopping center, 127 signs, 163, 165, 167, 172 stairs, location, 127 two-way communication, 131 Elongated openings, 12 Emergency elevators, 131 procedures, 43 roadside stop phones, 178 shelters, 164 signs, 42–43, 164 Employees barrier removal, 273–276 book stacks, 239, 272 break room, 149–150, 153, 238, 271 common space, 271 freight elevator, 272 home offices, 272 locker rooms, 272 lounges, 272 multi-family residential, 49 parking, 272 primary function areas, 272 work areas, 2, 4, 43, 271–273 work stations, 271–273 work surfaces, 147, 271 Employee work areas, 271–273 aisles, 2 alarms, 272, 273 alarm systems, 43 common use circulation path, 4, 271, 272 definition, 271 exterior, 4, 272 visible alarms, 43 Enclosed stair signage, 103 Enclosures at bathtubs, 229

Entries, 23 accessible route, 1 attendant controlled, 38 directional signage, 172 ISA, 163, 164 long term care facilities, 23 medical facilities, 23 restricted, 38 service, 38 signs, 172 tenant space, 23 Environmental control, 41 Equipment employee only, 4 employee work areas, 272 Escalators accessible route, 1, 2 stairs, location, 127 EVCS, 19, 48 access aisle, 85–88 alterations, 85–86 ambulatory, 85, 88–89 cables, 86 charger, 19, 48, 85–87, 89, 90 dedicated, 85 detectable warnings, 86 drive-up charging stations, 48, 90 existing, 85 multi-port, 85 POS devices, 86 public multi-family, 85 signage, 88 surface markings, 85, 86 Exercise machines, 93 equipment, 274 Existing facilities, 163 barrier removal, 273–276 check-out counter, 140 door clear opening, 23 elevators, 127–129, 131 handrail extensions, 122 historical, 108 pedestrian ramp, 108 thresholds, 11 visible alarms, 43 Exits, 23 Exit signs, 43, 164 Extensions handrails, 109, 111, 121, 122, 124–125 play areas, 235 ramp/landing, 118, 119 Exterior door leaves, 34 signs, 163

F Fare vending machines, 41 Faucets bathtubs, 229 common use sinks, 154, 160

lavatories, 191 self-closing valves, 160, 191 showers, 222–225, 227 Federal government projects, xi Fire alarm systems, 42–43, 266 door operating force, 23 Fishing piers, platforms, 274 Fitness areas, 41, 93 Fitting rooms, 239–240 Fixed shower head, 224, 225 Flares, 66, 67 diagonal curb ramps, 72, 73 edge protection, 118 Floor drains, 200 restrooms, 210 showers, 12, 200, 222 Floor height changes clear floor space, 6 employee work areas, 4 turning space, 6 Floor mounted toilets, 194 Floors elevator designations, 129 openings, 12 Flush controls, 193 children, 235 toilets, 193 urinals, 220 FM radio transmission, 248 Folding doors, 29, 32, 35 Fonts, 64, 86, 139, 167, 282 Food service aisles, 2 lines, 142 seating, 144–147 Foot rests pool lifts, 92 Forward approach. See Front approach Fountains edge protection, 119 Freight elevators, 127 employees, 272 Front approach, 20 hinged or pivoted doors, 26 phones, 174 sliding and pocket doors, 32 Front reach range, 20 Fuel dispensers, 19, 41 Function keys, 42 Furniture, barrier removal, 273

G Gas dispensers. See Fuel dispensers Gates. See also Doors hot tubs, 24, 38 pools, 24, 38 spas, 24, 38, 92 turnstiles, 38

Geometric symbols, 165 restrooms, 182–183, 204 Golf facilities, 274 Grab bars, 196–198 ambulatory stall, 197 bathtubs, 198, 281 children, 236 clear floor space, 194 flush valves, 197 pool, means of entry, 99–101 showers, 198, 226, 227, 268 shower seats, 198 toilet, 197, 281 Grade 2 Braille, 168, 169 Graduate housing, 252, 267 Grandstand seating, 245 Grates, 12 Grilles security glazing, 39, 42 voice communication, 42 Gripping surfaces children handrails, 235 handrails, 122–124 Ground and floor surfaces, 11 Ground level use zones, 235 Group homes, 267 Guard rails, ramps, 119 Guest rooms, 251–257. See also Transient lodging sauna doors, 93 Guide rails abrupt level changes, 11 automatic swinging doors, 35 ramps, 118, 119 Gutters at curb ramps, 66 Guy brace/supports, 17

H Halfway houses, 267 Hall signals, elevators, 128 Hand dryer, 186 Hand held spray units, 224–225 Hand rails, 121–124 alteration, 103 assembly areas, 121 children, 233, 235 clearance, stairs, 103 elevator cars, 121–122, 131 elevator lifts, 136 employee work areas, 272 extensions, 109, 111, 121, 122, 124–125 gripping surface, 122–124 multi-family housing ramps, 107 pedestrian ramps, 107 platform lifts, 121–122 protruding objects, 15, 111, 122, 124, 125 ramp extensions, 109, 124–125 ramps at doors, 116

sloping portion, 15 stair rail extensions, 124–125 stairs, 105 walking surfaces, 121 Handset cords, 174 Hardware closers, 24 doors and gates, 24 elevator reopening devices, 129 gates, 24 latch bolts, 24 lever, 24 privacy lock, 200 sliding door, 24, 29 spring hinges, 24 toilet compartment doors, 208 Healthcare provider elevators, 127 Hearing aid compatible ALS, 248, 249 phones, 175 Hearing loop system, 248, 249 Hinge side approach folding doors, 32 hinged or pivoted doors, 27 pocket doors, 32 Historic, 1, 66, 108 Hoistway jamb signs, 129 Home offices, employees, 272 Hospitals intensive care rooms, 203 outpatient facilities, 49 parking, 49 patient room door clearance, 26 patient toilet rooms, 203, 204 phones, 178 rehabilitation facilities, 49 Hotels. See Transient lodging Hot tub gates, 24, 38 Housing, 161, 260. See also Residential dwelling units HUD, xi, 3, 161, 260

I Illumination, elevator cars, 131 Inclined lifts, 135, 136 Induction loop, 248, 249 Informational signs, 163–164 Infrared, 248 Inns. See Transient lodging Input devices. See also Key pads keyboards, 42 Intensive care rooms patient toilet rooms, 203 Intercoms security glazing, 39, 42 systems, 42, 266 Intermediary ramp landings, 111–113 Intermediate care facilities single user toilet rooms, 203 Index

291

International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss, 39, 42, 164, 170 ALS, 248 International Symbol of Accessibility. See ISA International Symbol of TTY, 164, 170 International Symbol of volume control telephone, 177 IR Systems, 248 ISA, 85, 139, 163, 170, 172 accessible elements, 172 area of assisted rescue, 164 area of refuge, 164 automatic doors, 34 check stands, 172 designated aisle seats, 172 directional signage, 172 elevators, 127 entrances, 163, 164 geometric symbols, 181, 183 non-glare finish, 170 parking, 51, 54, 172 platform lifts, 135 portable toilets, 200 powered doors, 172 restrooms, 181, 183 single user toilet rooms, 200 valet and passenger loading area, 59 Island walkways, 76

K Keyboard devices, 42 Keypads elevators, 128 keys, 42 Kickplates, 23, 24 Kitchens, 149–155 accessible route, 1 cabinets, 151–153, 281 counters, 41 dwelling units, 149, 152–154, 260, 261, 263–266 employee, 271 kitchenettes, 149–155, 238, 255, 271 outlets, 41 pantry, 238 pass-thru, 149, 253, 265 reach range, 151–153, 155 shelves/storage, 239 social service center establishments, 152–154, 261, 263–266 storage, 151–153, 238, 239 student housing sleeping accommodation, 153, 253, 265–266 transient lodging, 253, 255 turning space, 149 u-shaped, 149, 150, 264 work surfaces, 149, 152, 153, 253, 263, 265–266 292 Index

Knee/toe clearance, 158 children, 233, 234, 236 clear floor spaces, 6 lavatory, 189, 190 restaurant tables, 144, 145, 147 turning spaces, 6

L Landings. See also Curb ramps; Pedestrian ramps blended transitions, 78 bottom, corner curb ramp, 72 bottom, curb ramp, 66 change in direction, 111–113 curved ramps, 111 doors and ramps, 113–116 edge protection, 118, 119 islands, 76 pedestrian ramps, 107, 108, 111–116 platform lifts, 135, 137 slope, 111 stairs, 103 top, curb ramps, 66 Latch projection, 23 Latch side approach, 115–116 folding or pocket doors, 32 hinged or pivoted doors, 27 Laundry, 160–161 Lavatories, 189–191, 223, 261 accessories, 191 bathtubs, at, 229 cabinetry, 189, 261 children, 236 faucets, 191 overflow drain, 189 protruding object, 14, 189 recessed fixture, 186, 198 single accommodation, 200 Law enforcement parking, 49 Lawn seating, 243 Leisure rivers, 92, 98 Level area controls, 19 definition, 11 reach range, 19 walkways, 11 Levels abrupt change in, 11, 12 accessible routes, 2 Lever hardware, 24 Libraries book stacks, 239 employee book stacks, 272 shelves, 139 Life-long communities, 280 Lifts accessible route, 1, 3, 135 controls, 97–98, 137 courtroom, 135–137

gates, 137 grab rail, 136 incline, 135, 136 landing, 135, 137 lighting, 135 pool, 96–98 signs, 135 travel distance, 135 Lighting, 135, 283 Light switches, 43 height, 187 restrooms, 43 Limos, 63 Lines of sight, seating, 245 Line spacing, raised characters, 168 Loading areas accessible routes, 1 mechanical access parking, 59 parking, 49 vehicle, 59–61 Lobbies alarm system, 43 directional signs, restrooms, 181 Lockers, 19 children’s, 233 employees, 272 rooms, 239–240 Lodging, 251–257. See also Transient lodging Long term care facilities. See also Medical facilities entry, 23 passenger drop-off, 23 sleeping rooms, 203–204 Lounges, employees, 272 Low energy doors, 34, 35 door clearances, 26 maneuvering clearances, 34 signs, 35 Low income housing tax credits, 260

M Machinery spaces common use circulation, 4 Mailboxes interior, 19, 41 multi-family housing, 41 Maintenance personnel controls, 43 Malls. See Shopping center Maneuvering space clear floor space, 6, 193 Marked crossings curb ramps, 66 diagonal ramps, 72 Means of egress, 43 break out opening doors, 35 signs, 164 stairs, 103 Mechanical access parking, 59

Medical facilities entry canopy, 23 parking, 49 passenger drop-off, 23 passenger loading zone, 59 patient doors, 26 patient toilet room, 203–204 TTY, 178 weather protection, 59 Medicine cabinet, 187 Meeting rooms, ALS, 248, 249 Menus, 163, 165 Mezzanines accessible route, 2 assembly seating, 245 dining areas, 144 elevators, 127 function areas, 144 Microwave, 149, 153, 255, 271 Miniature golf facilities, 274 Minimum fine sign, 51 Mirrors barrier removal, 273 dressing/fitting/locker rooms, 239, 240 restrooms, 185 Mobility guest rooms transient lodging, 238, 253–255 Mobility residential units doors, 39 kitchens, 154, 239, 261, 263–266 mailboxes, 19, 41 Mop sinks, 160 Motels. See Transient lodging Motion activated door signs, 34, 35 Movable structures, seating, 245 Movie theater seating, 245 Multi-accommodation restrooms, 210–215 ambulatory stalls, 210, 217 clear floor space, 8 door swing, 8 lavatories, 189 stall door clearances, 2 toilet compartments, 206–208 urinals, 220 Multi-bowl sinks, 160 Multi-family residential facilities accessible route, 3 additions, 260 alarms, 43 alterations, 260 bathtubs, 229 carbon monoxide alarm, 43, 266 communication systems, 178 employee parking, 49, 272 grab bars, 196 guest parking, 49 lavatory, 194 mailboxes, 19, 41 parking, 47, 49 parking signs, 51, 172

ramps, 107 showers, 226, 227 smoke alarm, 43, 266 toilet, 194, 201 TTY, 178, 266 user passage, doors, 39 vacated, 260 Multi-lined raised characters, 168 Multiple portable toilets, 200 Multiple single user toilet rooms, 200 Multi-story buildings accessible routes, 2 parking, 47 van accessible stalls, 54

N Narrow spectrum blue light, 283 Nosings, 103, 105 No Smoking, 170 Notification device transient lodging, 257 Nursing homes single user toilet rooms, 203

O Obstructed reach ranges, 20 Occupant load signs, 163 On-call sleeping rooms, 252 toilet/bathing rooms, 204 Openings ground/floor surfaces, 12 without doors, 31 Operable parts children’s reach range, 233 phones, 174 reach range, 19, 20 Operating force automatic sliding doors, 35 controls, 19 doors, 23 machines, 19 power assisted doors, 35 Orchestra pits, 3, 243 Outlets, 19, 41 Outpatient facility parking, 49 Oven, 149, 153, 155, 253, 263 Overflow drain, 189 Overflow seating accessible routes, 243 Overhanging objects, 16 parked cars, 2 passenger loading, 59

P Pantry, 238 Paper towels, 186 Parallel approach, 21 children lavatory, 236

children work surfaces, 233, 234 phones, 174 sinks and wet bars, 160, 255, 271 Parallel curb ramps, 66, 67, 69 Paratransit, 63 Parking, 47–49. See also EVCS access aisles, 54–56 accessible routes, 1, 2, 47 barrier removal, 274 blended transitions, 47 built-up curb ramps, 47 bus, 49 calculation, 47, 49 CA tow away sign, 51, 52 curb ramps, 47 delivery vehicles, 49 detectable warnings, 47 dimensions, 54 elevator lobbies, 78 employee, 272 facilities, 47 ISA, 51, 163, 172 law enforcement, 49 mechanical access, 59 medical, 49 minimum fine $250 sign, 51 multi-family housing, 49, 51 multi-story facility, 47 reflectorized signs, 51 signs, 51–52 signs at multi-family housing, 172 striping, 54–56 structure entrances, 23 swales, 47 trucks, 49 valet, 49, 59 van accessible stall, 47, 48, 54 vehicle impound, 49 vertical clearance, 48 wheel stops, 47 zero curbs, 47 Parking structure elevator lobbies, 78 entry, 47 parking calculation, 47, 49 signs, 51 van parking, 47, 48 Passenger drop-off long term care facilities, 23 medical facilities, 23 Passenger elevators, 127 Passenger loading zones/areas, 59–61 buses, 63 clear height, 17, 59 curb surface, 63 delivery vehicles, 49 designated public transportation, 63 law enforcement, 49 signs, 63 specified public transportation, 63 Index

293

Passenger loading (Continued) trucks, 49 vehicle, 59–61 vehicle impound, 49 Passing space, 3, 6, 7, 271 Path of travel, 260, 273–277 alterations, 276 barrier removal, 274 safe harbor, 275 Pavers, spacing, 12 Pedestrian ramps, 107–109 assembly seating, 109 change in direction, 111–113 curved ramps, 109 dogleg, 108 edge protection, 107, 118 existing sites, 108 guard rails, 119 handrails, 121, 124–125 historical properties, 108 intermediary landings, 111–113 landings, 107, 108 multi-family housing, 107 play area, 235 pool sloped entries, 92, 98 switchback, 108 Pedestrian route. See also Accessible routes detectable warning surface, 119 vehicular way, 78, 119 Peephole, 266, 267 Performance areas accessible routes, 3, 243, 245 Permanent room signs, 163, 169 restrooms, 181 Phones, 177–178 airports, 178 banks, 164, 174 barrier removal, 273 convention centers, 178 detention/correctional facilities, 178 directories, 175 drive-up, 174 emergency roadside stops, 178 hospitals, 178 private buildings, 178 public buildings, 178 public pay, 177–178 public phones, 174–175 rest stops, 178 security glazing, 39, 42 service plazas, 178 shopping center, 178 stadiums, 178 transient lodging, 178, 255, 257 transportation facilities, 178 TTY, 164, 178 volume controls, 42, 175 wheelchair accessible, 174–175 Physical therapy facilities parking, 49 294 Index

Pictograms, 169–170 restrooms, 181 Pivoted doors, 31. See also Doors Place of lodging, 251 Place(s) of public accommodation, 272–274 Planters, edge protection, 119 Platform boarding edges, 81 detectable warnings, 81 Platform lifts, 135–137 clear floor space, 135, 136 enclosure, 135, 136 floor openings, 12 grab rail, 136 handrails, 121–122 Play areas, 105, 234–235, 274 Player seating areas, 244, 245, 274 wheelchair space, 94 Plumbing fixture controls, 41 Pocket doors, 29, 32 side approach, 32 Ponding of water ramp landings, 111 Pool lifts, 96–98 arm rests, 97 foot rests, 97 seats, 97 swimming pools and spas, 92 water level, 96–97 Pools, 274. See also Reflecting pools benches, 241 decking, 97–98 gates, 24, 38, 92 handrails, 98, 99 leisure rivers, 92, 98 lift controls, 97–98 lifts, 92, 96–98 means of entry, 96–101 sand bottom, 92, 96, 98 sloped entry, 92, 98 stairs, 99 transfer systems, 99–100 transfer walls, 100–101 wading, 92, 96, 98, 274 wave action, 98 Portable ALS, conference rooms, 248 toilets, 182, 200 TTY, 178 POS devices, 41, 42, 139 EVCS, 86 Post-mounted objects, 15–16 Power assist doors, 23, 34–36. See also Automatic doors; Powered doors clear floor space, 26 controls, 34 signage, 34 Powered doors, 172 actuation bars, 172 BHMA, 34 control clear floor space, 34

controls, 26 opening width, 34 operating force, 35 signage, 24 Primary function areas employees, 272 Privacy latch single user bathing rooms, 200 single user restrooms, 200 Private buildings phones, 178 readily achievable barrier removal, 273–274 TTY, 178 Privately funded projects, 273–274 Program accessibility, xii, 273–275, 277 Projections clearances, 2 doors, 23 Proportional spending, 276, 277 Protruding objects accessible route, 14 drinking fountains, 157, 158 grab bars, at, 196 guy support, 17 handrail extensions, 111, 124, 125 handrails, 15, 122 overhanging, 16 play areas, 234 post-mounted, 15–16 route clear width, 14 shower controls, 196 sports, 17 vertical surfaces, 14 PROWAG detectable warnings, 76, 80, 82–83 Psychiatric facilities single user toilet facilities, 203, 204 Public areas address systems, 64 agencies, 275 alarm system, 43 library book stacks, 239 phones, 164, 177–178 TTY, 164, 178 Public buildings multi-family housing, 19, 260 multi-family housing parking, 49 phones, 178 residential dwellings, 274 transition plan, xii, 275, 278 TTY, 178 Public way accessible route, 1 Pull-up space, 59–61 Push plates, 34 sign, 172

Q Queues amusement ride signage, 163 clearances, 9 counters, 139

R Radio frequency, 248 Rail platforms detectable warnings, 80, 81 openings, 12 Rails, automatic doors, 34 Raised characters, 167–169 Raised island curb ramps, 76, 77, 81 Ramps. See also Curb ramps; Pedestrian ramps barrier removal, 273 curved, 109 doors, 109, 113–116 edge protection, 107, 118, 119 employee work areas, 272 existing sites, 108 guard rail, 119 handrails, 118, 119, 121, 124–125 historical sites, 108 landings, 111–116 limited space, 108 multi-family housing, 107 play areas, 235 pool sloped entry, 92, 98 Range, 149, 153–155, 255, 263, 271 Reach ranges accessories, 185–187 children, 233 counters, 139 machines, 19 self-service display units, 139 shelving, 139 Readily achievable, 273–275, 277 barrier removal, xii, 273–275, 277 Receivers ALS, 249 Recessed doors, 26, 29–30 Recreational boating, 274 Reflecting pools detectable warning, 81 edge protection, 119 Reflectorized parking sign, 51 Refrigerator, 155, 238, 256 Rehabilitation facilities patient toilet rooms, 203, 204 Religious worship ALS, 248, 249 Renovation, 277–278 Residential dormitories, 251, 257 faculty housing, 252 graduate student housing, 252, 267 Residential dwelling units. See also Dwelling units

adaptable units, 19, 41, 267 bathing rooms, 182, 203, 252, 253, 255 communication feature units, 19, 39, 177–178, 261, 266–267 kitchens, 149, 152–154, 253, 255, 261, 263–266 mobility units, 19, 39 social service center, 252 student housing, 251–253 windows, 39 Residential facilities alterations, 260 Resident sleeping room toilet rooms, 203, 204 Resorts. See Transient lodging Restaurants, 144–147 Restricted entries, 38 Restrooms. See also Multiaccommodation restrooms; Single accommodation restrooms accessible route, 1 accessory, 185–187 alarm system, 43 ambulatory stalls, 217–218 barrier removal, 275 building directory, 165 children’s, 235–236 compartment doors, 26 compartments, 147, 186, 189, 206–208, 210–214, 217–218, 235, 236, 273 directional signage, 172, 181 floor drains, 200, 210 grab bars, 196–198 identification symbols, 165, 181–183 large, 210, 217 lavatory, 189–191 location signs, 165 on-call sleeping rooms, 252 pictograms, 181 privacy lock, 200 signage, 165, 172, 181–183 toilet compartments, 147, 186, 189, 206–208, 210–214, 217–218, 235, 236, 273 toilet fixture, 193–194 turning space, 210, 261 urinal, 220 Restroom signs/symbols, 165, 181–183 Rest stop text phones, 178 Retail check-out aisles/counters, 139–140 elevators, 127 self-service display units, 139 shelves, 139 Revolving doors/gates, 23, 38 accessible route, 1, 38 Risers, 103–105 Roll-in showers, 196, 198, 222–225, 227, 257, 268 Rules of conduct signs, 163

S Safe harbor, 274, 275, 277–278 Sales counters, 140–141 Sand bottom pools, 92, 96, 98 Sanitary napkin disposals, 187, 194 Saunas, 92–93, 274 doors, transient lodging, 38 Seat cover dispensers, 186, 187 Seating accessible route, 144–146 aisles, 2 alcoves, 145–147 ALS, 248, 249 arenas, 245 assembly, 245 bars, 144, 145 bathtubs, 198, 229–231, 256 benches, 240–241 bleachers, 245 companion, 243–245 counter, 144, 145 designated aisle, 172, 246 designation, seat/row, 163, 165 dining, 144–147 dispersion, assembly, 244, 245 grandstands, 245 lawn seating, 243 movable structures, 245 movie theaters, stadium style, 245 overflow, 243 performing arts tiers, 245 player, 244, 245, 274 pool lifts, 97 purchasing, 243 semi-ambulant seating, 245 shoulder alignment, 245 showers, 226 stadiums, 245 study carrels, 147 tables, 144–147 team, 244, 245, 274 temporary platforms, 245 tiered boxes, 245 wheelchair space, 243–245 work surfaces, 147 Security, 38 communication, 39, 42 glazing, 39, 42 personnel, 23, 178 systems, 42 SEGD, 172 Self-closing valves, 191 Self-serve display units, 139 Self-serve shelving accessible route, 239 Self-serve vending collection, 41 Self-storage facilities, 239 non-accessible, 2, 23, 39 Semi-ambulant seating, 246 Index

295

Senior design, 121 bathtub grab bars, 281 toilet grab bars, 281 Service controls used by employees, 43 counters, 140–141 entries, 23, 38 Service plaza phones, 178 Service sinks, 160 Shelters, 64, 164, 267 at bus stops, 63 Shelves, 139 ambulatory stall, 218 barrier removal, 273 dressing/fitting/locker rooms, 240 kitchens, 151, 239 libraries, 139 retail, 139 tableware, 139, 142 toilet compartments, 206 toilet fixture clear floor space, 187 toilets, at, 194 Shooting facilities, 274 Shopping center elevators, 127 phones, 178 Shoulder seating alignment, 245 Showers, 222–227, 262 alternate roll-in, 223, 225 bench, 241 doors, transient lodging, 38 enclosures, 223, 227 faucets, 222–225, 227 fixed shower head, 224, 225 floor drain covers, 12, 200, 222 grab bars, 198, 226, 227, 268 grates, 12 measurements, 222–223 roll-in, 196, 198, 222–225, 227, 257, 268 seats, 226 soap dish, 227 spray units, 224–225 thresholds, 222 transfer, 222–224, 226, 227 transient lodging, 252, 253, 255, 257 transient lodging, seats, 226 water temperature, 224 Shower spray unit bathtubs, 229 showers, 224–225 Side approach. See Parallel approach flares, 66, 67 reach range, 21 Sidewalk guy, 17 Sidewalks accessible routes, 2 passing space, 6 slopes, 11 walking surfaces, 11 296 Index

Signs accessible elements, 172 aisle seats, 246 amusement rides, 163 areas for assisted rescue, 164 areas of refuge, 164 automatic doors, 34, 36 background, 167–170 bathing rooms, 165, 172 Braille, 168–169 building addresses, 163, 165 bus route, 64 CA tow away, 51, 52 check out aisles, 163 check stands, 172 company names, 163, 165 designated aisle seats, 246 directional, 164, 172, 181 directional TTY, 178 directories, 163, 165 elevator hoistway jamb, 129 elevators, 163, 165, 167, 169, 172 elevator/stairs, 127, 129 enclosed stairs, 103 entries, 172 exit, 164 exterior, 163 finish, 169 geometric bathing room symbols, 165, 204 geometric restroom symbols, 165, 204 hoistway, 129 informational, 163 ISA, 163, 164, 172 lobby, 172 location, tactile signs, 169 low energy doors, 35 menus, 163, 165 minimum fine $250, 51 occupant load, 163 parking, 51–52 parking at multi-family housing, 172 passenger loading, 59 permanent room, 163, 169 pictograms, 169–170, 181 platform lifts, 135 portable toilets, 182 power assist door, 34 push plates, 172 raised characters, 167–168 restrooms, 165, 172, 181–183 rules of conduct, 163 seat/row designations, 163, 165 stairs, 103 suites, 165 symbols, 170 tactile characters, 167–169 tactile sign location, 169 temporary, 163 tenant spaces, 165 valet and passenger loading area, 59

van accessible stalls, 51 variable message, 64, 164 viewing distance, visual, 167 vision light location, 24 visual characters, 167 Single accommodation restrooms, 200–204 doors, 200–204 door swing, 8 floor drains, 200 geometric symbols, 183, 204 multiple, 200 patient sleeping room, 200, 203–204 privacy lock, 200 resident sleeping room, 203–204 signs, 183 turning space, 201 unisex, 183 Single user toilet rooms, 200 Sinks, 160, 271 common use, 160 faucets, 154, 160 kitchens, 153–154, 160, 253, 255, 261 mop, 160 scrub, 160 service, 160 wet bar, 153, 160 Site arrival points, 1 Skilled nursing facilities single accommodation restrooms, 203 Slats security glazing, 39, 42 voice communication, 42 Sleeping rooms, 39, 203–204, 252, 253, 255, 267, 268 Slides, catch pools, 92 Sliding doors, 23, 24, 29, 32 Slip resistant detectable warning surface, 80 Sloped entries, 98 swimming pools, 92, 98 Slopes clear floor space, 6 level area, 11 turning space, 6 walking surfaces, 11 Smoke alarm multi-family, 43, 266 Soap dispenser, showers, 227 Social service center, 154, 252, 267–268 Social service center establishments, 152–154 bathing rooms, 196, 198, 203, 223 graduate housing, 252, 267 sleeping accommodations, 196, 203, 223, 253, 261–266 social service center, 154, 252, 267–268 student housing, 196, 203, 251–253 Spas, 92, 274 access gates, 24 gates, 38, 92

means of entry, 96–101 Specified public transportation, 63 Speech mode Braille instructions, 42 Speed rails, 9 Sports areas, 94 changes in level, 11 ground and floor surface, 11 projecting objects, 17 Spray units bathtubs, 229 showers, 224–225 Spring hinges, 24 Stadiums phones, 178 seating, 245 TTY, 178 Stages, 243, 248 Stairs. See also Hand rails accessible route, 1, 2, 103 aisle, 105 alterations, 103 assembly areas, 105 automatic sprinkler system, 103 chair lifts, 135 edge protection, 119 elevator location, 127 enclosed, 103 escalators, 127 exit signs, 164 handrails, 121, 124–125 landings, 103 means of egress, 103 non-parallel sides, 122 nosings, 103, 105 play areas, 235 protruding handrails, 15 signage, 103 striping, 103, 104 treads and risers, 103–105 Stairway chair lifts, 135 Stand-by power, doors, 26 Standpipes, 16 Stars, elevator signs, 129 Steam rooms, 93, 274 Stops, door, 16, 17 height clearance, 23 Storage, 238–239 Storage rooms accessible route, 1 kitchens, 238, 239 Stories, 2 Striping at stairs, 103, 104 play areas, 235 Student housing, 196, 251–253 bathrooms, 182, 196, 200, 203, 227, 229, 253 kitchen, 149, 153, 253, 265–266 non-mobility sleeping rooms, 253 Study carrels, 147 Swales, 47

Swimming pools, 92, 274 Switches, 19, 34, 41, 43 Symbols, 170, 172. See also ISA restrooms, 182–183, 200 volume control telephone, 177

T Tables aisles, 2 barrier removal, 273 children, 233, 234 dining, 144–147 Tableware, 139, 142 Tactile characters, 163, 165, 167–170 elevator car control signs, 167, 169 sign location, 169, 183 Tax credits, 260, 275 Tax incentives, 277 Taxis, 63 TCAC, 260 Team seating, 274 areas, 244, 245 wheelchair space, 94 Telephones. See Phones Teletypewriter. See TTY Teller window communication, 39 Temporary platform seating, 245 signs, 163 Tenant spaces entrances, 23 service entries, 38 signs, 165 Text Phones. See TTY Thermostats, 255 Thresholds, 11, 12, 34 showers, 222 Ticket office signage ALS, 248 designated aisle seats, 246 Tiered box seating, 245 Title 8, 127, 131, 135 Title I, 276 Toilet compartments, 210–214, 217–218 baby changing stations, 147, 186, 206 barrier removal, 273 children, 235, 236 lavatory, 189 requirements, 206–208 Toilet paper dispenser, 186, 187, 194 children, 235 Toilets, 193–194, 201, 206, 261, 281 children, 235, 236 Top landings curb ramps, 66 pedestrian ramps, 113–116 stairs, 103 Tow away sign, 51, 52 Towels and trash cans, 186

Townhouses, schools, 252, 267 Track crossings, 12, 80, 81 Traffic control buttons, 19 Transfer showers, 222–224, 226, 227 transient lodging, 257 Transfer systems, 99–100 spas, 92 Transient lodging. See also Guest rooms alarms, 43, 257 barrier removal, 251 bathrooms, 182, 200, 229, 252, 253, 256 bed and breakfast, 251 carbon monoxide alarm, 43, 257 closets, 238, 253, 256 communication features, 43, 257 definition, 251 dormitories, 251, 257 five guest rooms, 251 guest room doors, 38 guest room toilet rooms, 253, 255 hotel shuttles. See Transportation mobility features, 253–255 non-mobility guest rooms, 252, 253, 256 on-call sleeping rooms, 252 phones, 178 room types/class, 251, 252 sauna doors, 38, 93 short term private rentals, 251 shower doors, 38 shower seats, 226 storage, 238, 255, 256 TTY, 178, 255, 257 windows, 19, 39 Transition plan, 275, 278 Transportation accessible routes, 1 boarding and alighting area, 63–64 clocks, 64 designated public, 63 facility phones, 178 paratransit, 63 public address systems, 64 rail platforms, 12 specified public, 63 track crossings, 12 TTY, 178 variable message signs, 64, 164 Trash enclosures, 271 Trash receptacles. See Waste receptacles Tray slides, 142 Treads, 103, 104 striping, play areas, 235 Tree wells, 12 Trucks, parking, 49 Truncated domes. See also Detectable warning surface requirements, 80–81 T-shaped turning space, 6 Index

297

TTY, 42, 178, 266 communication feature guest rooms, 255, 257 symbol, 164, 170 Tunnel entries, 23 Turning spaces, 6, 9, 261 toilet rooms, 201 Turnstiles, 38 accessible route, 1, 38 barrier removal, 273 common use circulation path, 38

U UFAS, xi, 161, 260, 276, 278, 281 Unisex restroom. See Single accommodation restrooms Universal design, 279 Unreasonable hardship, 277 Urinals, 220 User passage residential doors, 39

V Vacation rentals, 251 Valet parking, 49, 59. See also Passenger loading zones/areas Van accessible stalls access aisle, 54–55 clear height, 17 multi-story parking garages, 54 proportion, 47 signs, 51 size, 54–55 Vanity counter dwelling units, 261 transient lodging, 256 Variable message signs, 64, 164 Vehicle accessible routes, 1 impound parking, 49 pedestrian route adjoining vehicular route, 78

298 Index

pull up space, 59–61 route clear height, 17 Vending machines, 19, 41, 139 barrier removal, 273 Verbal annunciators, 128 Vertical actuation bars, 34 Vertical clearance clear floor space, 6 passenger loading areas, 59 van parking, 48 Vertical surfaces projecting objects, 14 Vestibules, 31 Video touch screen keypad, 41 Viewing distance, 167 Visible alarms, 43 Vision lights, 24 Visitability, 279 Visual characters, 167–170, 172 elevator cars, 132 emergency procedures, 43 exit signs, 43 Volume controls phone handset, 42 phones, 170, 174 phone symbol, 177

W Wading pools, 92, 274 means of entry, 96, 98 Walkways elevated, 23 handrails, 121 sidewalks vs, 11 slopes, 11 Wall-hung toilets, 194 Washing machines, 160–161 Waste receptacles ATM/fare machines, 41 restrooms, 186 Water level, pool lifts, 96–97 Water pressure

bathtub spray unit, 229 shower spray unit, 225 Water slide catch pools, 92 Water temperature, showers, 224 Wave pools, 92, 96 Wet bars, 153, 160, 255 Wheel guide rail, 118, 119 Wheel stops, 2, 47, 54–57 Windows, 19, 39 controls, 39, 255 guest rooms, 39, 255 operable, 39, 255 protruding, 15 sleeping rooms, 39, 255 transient lodging guest rooms, 255 Work areas/stations, 4 employee only, 271, 272 Work surfaces, 147 baby changing stations, 147 children, 233, 234 employees, 271 kitchens, 149, 152, 153, 253, 263, 265–266 residential, 263 social service center, 263, 265–266 student housing, 253, 263–266 transient lodging, 253, 264 Worship, places of ALS, 248, 249 Wrestling rings, 94 Writing surfaces, 140

Z Zero curbs. See also Blended transitions access aisles, 55–57 bus stops, 63 islands, 78 passenger loading areas, 60–61