A Treatise of Melancholie 9780231877381

Table of contents :
Introduction
A Treatise of Melancholie. Facsimile
Dedication to Peter Osbourne and friend M.
Contents
Chap. I. How diverslie the word melancholy is take
Chap. II. The causes of naturall melancholie and of excess thereof
Chap. III. Whether good nourishmente breede melancholie by fault of the bodie turning it into melancholie
Chap. IIII. The answer to the former obiections
Chap. V. A more particular and farther answer to the former obiections
Chap. VI. Th causes of the increase and excess of melancholicke humour
Chap. VII. Of the melancholicke excrement
Chap. VIII. What burnt choller is, and the causes of it
Chap. IX. How melancholoe worketh fearfull passions in the mind
Chap. X. How the bodie affecteth the soule
Chap. XI. Obiections against the manner how the bodie affecteth the soule with answer thereto
Chap. XII. The answere to the former obiections and of the simple facultie of the soule and only organicall of spirit and bodie
Chap. XIII. How the soule by one simple facultie performeth so many and diverse actions
Chap. XIIII. The particular answere to the obiections made in the II Chapter.
Chap. XV. Whether perturbations rise of humor or not
Chap. XVI. Whether perturbations which are not moved by outward occasion rise on humour, or not , and how.
Chap. XVII. How melancholy procureth feare, sadness, dispaire, and such other passions
Chap. XVIII. Of the unnnaturall melancholy rising by adustion, how it affecteth us with diverse passions
Chap. XIX. How sicknes, and yeares seeme to alter the mind, and the cause, and hoe the soule hath practice of senses separated fro the bodie
Chap. XX. The accidentes which besall melancholic persons
Chap. XXI. How melancholy altereth the quallities of the body
Chap XXII. How the melancholie altereth those actions which rise out the braine
Chap. XXIII. How affections be altered
Chap. XXIIII. The causes of tears, and their saltnes
Chap. XXV. Why and how one weepesh for joy, and laughesh for griefe, why tears and weeping indure not all the time of the cause, and why the finger is put in the eye
Chap. XXVI. Of other parts of weeping; why the conntenance is cast downe, the forehead loureth, the nose dropeth, the lippe tremblesh, the cheeks are drawn, and the speech is interrupted
Chap. XXVII. The causes of subbing and sighing and how weeping affects the heart
Chap. XXVIII. How melancholie causesh both weeping and laughing and the reasons how
Chap. XXIX. The cause of blushing and bashfulness and how melancholicke performs and given thereunto
Chap. XXX. Of the naturall actions altered by melancholy
Chap. XXXI. How melancholie altereth naturall works of the bodie, iuyce and excrements
Chap. XXXII. Of the affliction of conscience for sinne
Chap. XXXIII. Where the conscience of sinne and the affliction thereof by melancholy or not
Chap. XXXIIII. The particular difference betwixs melancholy, and the distressed conscience in the same person
Chap. XXXV. The afflicition of mind to what persons is befallesh and by what meanes
Chap. XXXVI. A consolation onto she affected conscience
Chap. XXXVII. The cure of melancholy, and how melancholicke persons are to order them selves in actions of the mind, sense and emotion
Chap. XXXVIII. How melancholicke persons are to order themselves in their affections
Chap. XXXIX. How melancholick persons are to order themselves in their affections
Chap XL. The cure by medicine, meese for melancholic persons
Chap XLI. The maner of strengthning melancholick persons after purging with correction of some of their accidents
Faults escaped in the printing, wherein the first number signifiesh the page, the 2. the line

Citation preview

A T R E A T I S E OF MELANCHOLIE iQft&i P U B L I C A T I O N NO. 5 0 OF THE FACSIMILE T E X T

SOCIETY

A TREATISE

OF

M E L A N CHO LIE By

T.

Reproduced edition

BRIGHT

from

printed

V autrollier,

the by

with an

duction by HARDIN

Published THE FACSIMILE BY C O L U M B I A

1586

Thomas introCRAIG

for

TEXT

SOCIETY

UNIVERSITY

NEW YORK :

M-CM-XL

PRESS

COPYRIGHT, 1 9 4 0 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS, NEW YORK Foreign

a g e n t s : OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS,

Hum-

phrey Milford, A m e n House, London, E.C. 4, England, AND B. I. Building, Nicol Road, Bombay, India, MARUZEN COMPANY, LTD., 6 Nihonbashi, Tori-Nichome, Tokyo, Japan M A N U F A C T U R E D IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

INTRODUCTION

T H E W O R D "melancholy" meant to the Elizabethans, as to us also, not only settled depression, sadness, downcast and dispirited dejection, distress, misery, and hysteria, but also disease itself, not merely the symptoms of disease. It was a disordered condition of the body believed to be due to excess of black bile. This was natural melancholy. There was also unnatural melancholy, arising from a disordered physical condition of black bile itself, of choler, of blood, or even of phlegm, though a disordered condition of phlegm as a cause of unnatural melancholy was in dispute. T h e earlier pages of Bright's Treatise of Melancholie will make this clear. Gloominess was the primary symptom of the disease of melancholy.

vi

INTRODUCTION

but irascibility, sullenness, despondency, hypochrondria, morbidity, frenzy, and madness were also symptoms. These symptoms were and are very general in human life. Galen and his followers in medical science made the not unusual mistake of seeking one cause for one set of symptoms which arise from various causes, just as at the present time men seek cures for headaches and colds. The study of melancholy thus became a sort of baffled exploration of the superficies of the vaguer sorts of human suffering. The erroneous hypothesis of the four humors and four qualities might do well enough for the delineation of general classes of passions and sufferings; but like all false hypotheses it required, as soon as it was specifically applied, to be patched and adjusted. Consequently it grew complex in nature and covered an area at once too vague and too extensive. Our ancestors knew little enough

INTRODUCTION

Vli

about diet, and there was much error mixed with their knowledge. W e know that their food was inadequate in variety and often unwholesome. W e know that they ate too much—as we do. Their livers and kidneys must habitually have undergone great injury, and in consequence all sorts of distressing things must have happened to their hearts, their brains, and their nervous systems. In his Treatise Bright pays much attention to diet, and in that respect he is on the right track and is in some measure original. The men of Bright's time were unhygienically clothed and badly housed. Their medication was almost worse than useless. They grouped many ailments together and said, " I am melancholy," which was equivalent to saying, " I am alive and I am not happy." The only course they knew was to analyze that state. They learned that melancholy people were not stupid, ex-

viii

INTRODUCTION

cept with a certain sort of stupidity, that they were likely to be brave, witty, and thoughtful, and that they were liable to delusions and to frenzy and madness. T h e y had no way of particularizing except to observe, to study, and to expand. This kind of study was Bright's task, and he did it well. T h e subject of melancholy was an old one. A competently trained physician could talk about the subject and write treatises about it merely on the basis of what he had learned in the university, his reading, and his experience as a physician. T h e fact that Burton cites such multitudes of authorities in his Anatomy of Melancholy makes the writing of a treatise on melancholy seem an affair of special learning; but it was not so. M a n y physicians can and do write whole books on various aspects of medicine, particularly of popular medicine, without finding it necessary to quote au-

INTRODUCTION

ix

thorities. T h e y merely draw on the great reservoir of medical knowledge which, as trained physicians, they have learned from various sources. O f their particular subjects they give their own versions; and this is what Timothy Bright did. H e refers a number of times to Galen, whose De melancholia, sive atrae bilis morbo was the basis of the subject of melancholy. Bright's Treatise and, no doubt, all treatises on melancholy derive their form from G a l e n — definitions, symptoms, kinds, causes, and cures. Bright doubtless knew other books on melancholy. H e refers casually to Aetius on page 215. H e probably knew the Hippocratic works, De humoribus and De vulneribus capitis, Constantinus Africanus, De melancholia, and the works of Levinus Lemnius, whose Touchstone of Comflexions appeared in English translation in 1576. H o w many other books in Burton's great list Bright

X

INTRODUCTION

knew there is no way of telling. Caelius Aurelianus, Melanelius, Prosper Calenus, Rodericus a Fonseca, Thomas Erastus, Jason Pratensis, and half a dozen others lay, no doubt, in his way. It would be interesting to know if Bright was acquainted with Melanchthon, Vives, Cardan, and Paracelsus. Timothy Bright wrote as an authority on a well-known subject, and as such he took his place with his contemporaries. A n d yet in saying this, one has not finished with Galen. From the earliest times there had been a difference of opinion as to the relation of the soul and the body to the sufferings due to melancholy. Burton (Pt. I, sec. 2, memb. 5, subsec. i ) states the issue as follows: F o r as the distraction of the m i n d , a m o n g s t other o u t w a r d causes and perturbations, alters the temperature of the body, so the distraction and distemper of the body w i l l cause a distemperature of the soul: & 'tis hard to

INTRODUCTION

XI

decide w h i c h of these t w o do most harm to the other. Plato, . . .

Cyprian,

& some others

lay the greatest fault upon the soul, e x -

cusing the b o d y ; others again, accusing the body, excuse the soul, as a principal agent. T h e i r reasons are, because the manners follow

the temperature

proves in his book of that subject, Calenius, Mania,

Prosper

de A tra Bile, Jason Pratensis, Lemnius,

ers. A n d

c. de

I. 4 , c. 1 6 , and m a n y oth-

that w h i c h

m e n t e d , hom.

do

of the body, as G a l e n

Gualter

hath

10 in epist. Johannis,

comis most

t r u e ; concupiscence and original sin, inclinations, and bad h u m o u r s , are radical in every one of us, causing these perturbations, a f f e c tions, and several distempers, o f f e r i n g m a n y times violence unto the soul. The soul

Platonic

position

is u n t o u c h a b l e

by

was

that

physical

the

causes

a n d , if it d o e s its d u t y t h r o u g h t h e w i l l as t h e a g e n t o f a n e n l i g h t e n e d

reason,

m a y and should protect the body

from

s u f f e r i n g . I t m i g h t t h u s b e said t h a t i n m e l a n c h o l y t h e s o u l h a s b y n e g l e c t in-

xii

INTRODUCTION

jured the body. This point of view is implicit in such works as Cardan's De consolatione. The Galenic position is the more familiar one. According to it the ills of the body affect the well-being of the soul, drive it into misery and madness, so that it may be said that the body injures the soul. All treatises on melancholy as a disease are more or less Galenic. Under the impulse of an age turning more and more to science there was in all branches of medicine a great wave of Galenism in the late sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries. From it came Vesalius, Burton, and Harvey. Bright also belongs to this wave of Galenism, although it was perhaps his reservations against Galenism that caused him to write at all. Bright was a student of divinity as well as medicine. H e gave up the cure of bodies for the cure of souls, and on June 8, 1 5 9 1 , we find him

INTRODUCTION

xiii

installed as rector of Methley, in Yorkshire.1 Although he believed with Galen that melancholy is a disease and therefore subject to medical treatment, he was unwilling completely to accept Galenic materialism. H e wished to provide a ground for the operation of his theology and therefore wrote his Treatise of Melancholie to show that, although Galenic therapeutics of melancholy was excellent and applicable, it might not be made to include contrition and those stings of conscience which God himself chooses to inflict on the sinner. Beyond this reservation there is nothing to withhold Bright from the society of writers on melancholy who became more and more numerous until Burton's time. Many of Burton's favorite authors, such as Franciscus Hildesheim, Hercules de 1 For the facts of Bright's life see William J . Carlton, Timothe Bright Doctor of Phisicke, London, 1911.

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INTRODUCTION

Saxonia, Felix Plater, André du Laurens, Montaltus, Heurnius, Huarte Navarro, Thomas Wright, and Bishop John Abernethy, had not yet written.2 It must also be understood that the subject of melancholy took on new aspects during this period of intense exploitation. Medical interest continued. Huarte and others applied the doctrine of the humors to the choice of professions. Ben Jonson and others applied it to the presentation of character in drama 3 Many writers used the doctrine of the humors and faculty psychology (not then so-called) in the expression and delineation of passion. Bright's Treatise is an early simple handbook— 2 For an account of Burton's sources' see Paul Jordan-Smith, Bibliografhia Burtoniana. Stanford University, 193 i. 3 See Percy Simpson's introduction to Everyman in His Humour and to Everyman out of His Humour in Ben Jonson, ed. by Herford and Simpson, Vol. I.

INTRODUCTION

XV

at the opposite extreme from Burton's Anatomy. It will serve to show the principles from which the literature of melancholy developed. With Bright melancholy was not a mood; it was a disease. It had become a mood in the tragedies of Shakespeare and the comedies of Jonson, in contemporary writings, and to a considerable extent in the work of Burton; although to Burton melancholy was also a disease. Nashe knew the subject well, and perhaps he, Marston, Donne, Breton, and Burton (by his own confession) furnish us examples of melancholic careers. We cannot rob these men of a genuine feeling that life was futile, for gloom hung heavily over the period. Shakespeare mocks at melancholy in his early plays, but not in Hamlet, King Lear, and Timon of Athens.* 4 See " A n Essay on Elizabethan Melancholy," in G. B. Harrison's edition of Nicholas Breton's Melancholike Humours, London, 1929.

xvi

INTRODUCTION

Shakespeare may have known Bright's Treatise of Melancholie. It was available, simple, and authoritative. The stock of Thomas Vautrollier passed into the hands of Richard Field, Shakespeare's fellow townsman and the publisher of Venus and Adonis and The Rafe of Lucrece. The accurate description of melancholic symptoms in Hamlet and other plays reminds one of Bright. In Hamlet and in the sonnets there are a number of fairly close verbal echoes.5 But the question is not easily solved, since a good deal of the phraseology is current medical language and since the knowledge which Shakespeare possessed was also available in a number of other works, such as those of Lemnius, Boaistuau, La Primaudaye, Huarte Navarro, and various others. Neverthe5 See M a r y Isabelle O'Sullivan, "Hamlet and D r . Timothy B r i g h t , " Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, X L I , 6 6 7 - 7 9 .

INTRODUCTION

XVII

less the case for Shakespeare's having known Bright is good. A Treatise of Melancholic came out in three editions: i. A T R E A T I S E OF MELANC H O L I E . LONDON, by Thomas Vautrollier, 1586. COLLATION B Y SIGNATURES: * , 8 leaves; * * , 4 leaves; A , B, C, D , E , F , G , H, I, K, L , M , N , O, P, Q, R , S, each 8 leaves; total 1 5 6 numbered leaves. Leaf [**iij] has no signature riiark. COLLATION BY P A G I N A T I O N : [title], |A T R E A T I S E OF | MELANCHOLIE. CONTAINING T H E CAVSES I thereof, & reasons of the Strange effects it worketh | in our minds and bodies: with the phisicke cure, and | spirituall consolation for such as haue thereto ad- | ioyned an afflifted conscience. | The difference betwixt it, and melancholie •with diuerse | philosophical discourses touching aSiions, and af- | fe¿lions of soule, spirit, and body: the par- | ticulars whereof are to be seene | before the booke. \ By T . Bright

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Doctor of Phisicke. | [printer's device — M c K e r r o w 1 6 4 ] | Imprinted at London by T h o m a s Vautrol- | lier, dwelling in the Black- | Friers. 1586. |, recto of [ * ] ; — [ b l a n k ] , verso of [ * ] ; — | [type-ornament head-piece] | T O T H E R I G H T | V V O R SHIPFVL M. | P E T E R O S B O V R N E , &c. | [signed] | A louer of your vertue, | T . Bright. | , recto of *ij to verso of [ * v ] ; — | [type-ornament head-piece] | T O H I S M E L A N - | cholicke friend: M . recto of [ * v i ] to recto of * * ; — [blank], verso of **; — | [type-ornament head-piece] | THE CONTENTES OF I the booke according to the j Chapters. | , recto of * * i j to verso of **iiij; — [text, with heading], | [type-ornament head-piece] | A T R E A T I S E | O F M E L A N - | CHOLIE. | , pp. 1 2 8 4 ; — | F I N I S . |, p. 2 8 4 ; — | Faults escafed in the fAnting . . . \ p. [ 2 8 5 ] ; — [ b l a n k ] , p. [ 2 8 6 ] . Page 25 is wrongly marked 35 ; 28 is 1 2 ; 102 is 82; 1 2 4 is 1 1 4 ; 138 is 1 5 8 ; 191 is 1 9 0 ; 222 is . 2 2 ; 223 and 224 are repeated; 252 is wrongly numbered 2 5 0 ; 253 is 2 5 1 ;

INTRODUCTION

xix

255 is 1 2 5 ; 2 7 3 is 1 7 3 ; 280 is 2 6 6 ; 281 is 280. C a t c h w o r d on p. 144 is "hinder" instead of " t h e " ; on p. 160, " l a r g e " ( w r o n g ) instead of " a r e " ; on p. 224, " d i n g " (right) instead of " g l o r i e " ; and on p. 246 it is " O f " instead of " a l l . " CONDITION: Size of leaf, 5 % c x 3 1 % e inches; 1 4 . 2 x 9 . 7 centimetres. Bound in brown crushed levant, gilt back, sides, inside borders, and edges; by the Club Bindery, 1 9 0 1 . T h e Hoe copy, with ex-libris; now in the Huntington Library. T h i s copy has been reproduced in the following facsimile. 2. A TREATISE OF MELANC H O L Y . LONDON,by lohn VVindei, 1586. COLLATION BY SIGNATURES : * , 8 l e a v e s ;

A , B , C , D , E , F , G , H , I, K , L , M , N , O , P , Q , R , each 8 leaves; S, 2 leaves; total, 1 4 6 numbered leaves. Leaf [Biiij] is numbered Biii. Leaves [ M i i ] , [ M i i i ] , and [Miiii] are numbered, respectively, M 2 , M 3 , and M 4 .

XX

INTRODUCTION COLLATION BY PAGINATION." [ t i t l e ] , | A

T R E A T I S E O F | MELANCHOLY. \ Contayning the causes thereof, and | reasons of the straunge effefts it worketh in our | minds and bodies: with the Phisicke cure, and | sfirituall consolation for such as haue | thereto adioyned affliSied | conscience. | The difference betwixt it, and melancholy, with di- | uerse fhilosofhicall discourses touching aSiions, and | affeSiions of soule, spirit and body: the farticu- | lars whereof are to be seene before | the booke. | By T . Bright Dodlor of | Phisicke. | [printer's device] | Imprinted at London by | Iohn VVindet. | 1586. |, recto of [ * ] ; [blank], verso of [ * ] ; | T O T H E R I G H T | WORSHIPFVL

M . P E | TER OSBOVRNE.

&c. | [signed] A louer of your vertue, T . Bright. | , recto of *ij to verso of *iij; | T O HIS ME- | lancholick friend M . | , recto of *iiij to recto of [ * v ] ; | [blank], verso of [ * v ] > | [type-ornament headpiece] | T H E C O N T E N T E S O F | the booke according to the | Chapters. | , recto of [*vi] to recto of [*viij] ; I [blank], verso of [*viij] ; |

INTRODUCTION

XXI

[text, with heading], | [type-ornament headpiece] | A T R E A T I S E | O F M E L A N - | CHOLIE. I , pp. I - [ 2 7 6 ] ; | F I N I S . | , p. [276]. N o irregularities in catchwords or pagination. Size of leaf: 5 % 6 x 3 1 % e inches; 13.5 x 9 centimetres. Bound in maroon russia. Gilt back, sides, inside borders & edges. Upper margins of pages 2 7 3 - 2 7 6 closely cropped, with loss of running titles and page numbers. T i t l e page torn, no loss of lettering. Signature on foreleaf and date, 1 8 3 7 . Huntington Library copy used in this description and collation. Faults noted in V a u trollier edition are corrected in this. 3. A n edition printed by William Stansby, 1 6 1 3 , follows the W i n d e t edition in wording of title-page: "afflicted conscience" instead of " a n afflicted conscience" as in Vautrollier edition. " F a u l t s " are corrected. T h e r e are no other apparent differences in matter.

A Treatise of Melancholie thus went through two editions in the year of its

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INTRODUCTION

publication and was sufficiently important to be reissued twenty-seven years later. Bright wrote a number of other medical works, including a commentary on the Physica of Scribonius. One of them, A Treatise wherein is Declared the Sufficiencie of English Medicines, was published twice in 1580 and again in 1615. H e also contributed Animadversiones de traduce to the ^uxoAoyta of Goclenius (1590). Burton treats Bright as an authority on melancholy with a good deal of respect. These facts seem to indicate that Bright enjoyed a considerable reputation as a scientist in his own day. His most lasting fame, however, comes from his invention of a system of shorthand writing. His well known Characterie: an Arte of Shorte, Swifte, and Secrete Writing by Character was published in 1588. HARDIN CRAIG

Stanford University Dec. 1 j, 1939

A T R E A T I S E OF MELANCHOLIE FACSIMILE

A

TREATISE

OF

M E L A N C H O L I E . CONTAINING THE CAVSES thereof, & reafons of theftrangeefflfh it woikcth in ouf minds and bodies: with the phitiche cure,and ipiritilall confolation for fuch as baue thereto adioyned an affliited confcience. Tht difference betwixt it, and tneUnchtlie v'th diurtft fhiUfuphicaU difceurfet touching tflmni, and afftctiom o f f m / f , ß>irit, and Ud/: the farticular) thereof arc to be fetnt before the bcoif.

B y T.Bright D o £ o r of Phificke.

Imprinted at London by Thomas VautrolJicrj dwelling in the Black« Frier«. 15 8 5 .

TO THE RIGHT V V O R S H I P F V L PETER

M.

OSBOVRNE,&C.

F all other praftife of phifick, that parte moil comendeth the excellecy of the noble facultie, which not only releeueth the bodily infirm ity,but after a fort euen alfo correfteth the infirmities oft he mind. For the inftrument of rcafon, thebraine, being either not of well tempered iubftance: or difordered in his parts: all exercife ofwifedomeij hindrcd: and where once vndcrftanding lodged, wit, memorie, SC quick

THK

EPISTLB

conceit, kept reiîdence.and the cxcel« lencic of man appcareth abouc all o thcr creatures : there vnconfiderate judgement, fimplicitie, & fooliflines make their feat.and as it weredifpoffeiiing rcafon, of her watch tower, fubieftcth che nature of man vnto the annoyance of infinite calamities, that force vpo vs in the courfe of this fraile life, Sc baicth it fàrre v nder the condition of brute beafts. T h e heart the feate ofaffeftion(and neither immoderate in temper, nor in figure or quantitie otherwife difpofedthen is expedient for good aftion ) the feate oftemperancie,ofiuftice,offortitndc and liberahtie, dayly pra&ice of phificke (beweth how much it is difnofed and framed to mediocritie of affection wherin vertuc coniiftçth, by iiich meanes as nature miniftreth, SC the phifitian hir great fteward according to her wilt, difpenlêth where need requireth:in fo much that what

rcafon

DEDICATOKIE. reafon bringcth to pafle by pcrfwafion and counfcll, that mcd icine and other helpcs of that kinde fcemeto worke by inftintt of nature. T h e dayly experience of phreniies, madnctte,luriafics,and melancholy cured by this heauenly gift of G o d , make manifeft demonftration hereof.Thc notable fruit Sc fuccefle ofwhich art in that kinde, hath ca®fed fomc to iudge more baiely ofthe foule, then agreeth with pictieor n a t u r e s hauc accompted all maner affcition thereo t t o be fubiett to the phiiicians had, notconiidcring herein any thing diume,and aboue the ordinarie cuents, andnaturall courfe of thinges: but hauc efteemed the vettues the felues, yea religion, no other thing but as the body hath ben tempered, and on the other fide,vice, prophanenefle,S£ neglcft of religion and honeftie, to haue bene nought elfe but a fault of humour. For correcting the iudge* iij

TH1

B U S TLB

met offuch as fo greatly mi flake the matter, and partly for the vfe of many that may neede inftruftion and coiinfeljin the (late ofmelancholy ,SC affettion of braineand hart, Si wold haue both to iatnfie their ownc doubts, and to anfwer the prophanc obie£tions of others, I haue taken this paincs to confute the abfurde errour o f the o n e , sc to fatisfie the rcafonable and modeft inquiry of the other that feek to be enformed. I haue layd open howe the bodie, and corporall things affeft the foule,&: how the body isaffefled ofitagaine:what the difference is betwixt natural melancholic, and that heauy handc of Godvpon the affli£lcd confciencc, tormented with remorfc ofiin ne, Sc feare of his iudgement: with a Chriftian refolutiS according to my skill for iucli as faint vnder that hcauie burthen. And that I might to the vttermoft of my endcuor (as other bu~ fineiTe

DF.DICATORIfc

fineflc wold permit mej comfort the in that eftate moil comfortles, I hauc added mine aduife of phificke hclpe: tvhat diet, what medicine, and what other remedie ismeete for perfons, opprefled with melanchol ie feare,&: that kind of heauinefle of hart.I haue interlaced my trcatifc befides with difputes of Philofophie that the learned ion of them, and fuch as are of quicke conceit,& delited indifcourfe ofreafon in naturall things,may find to pafle their time with, and knowe the grounds and reaibns of iheirpaffions, without which they might receaue more difcomfort, and greater caufe oferror. This I hauedcliucrcd in a fimple phrafe without any coih or port of words to a fuppoied frend i M . not ignorant ofgood lctters,that the difcourfe might be more familiar then ifit had caricd other direction itotherwife would be.Chaungethe letter, and it is indifferent to whome * iiij

THE

F.PIST11

foeuer ftandeth in need,or ihal m a k e vfcthereof. I write it in our mother t o n g that the benefit ( h o w fmall f o e ' u e r i t b e ) might be more c o m m o n , Sc as the praftifc ofall auncicntphilofophevs hath ben to write in their o w n e language their prccqus , w h c therconcerning nature, or touching maners of life, to the end their countrcy men m i g h t reapc the benefitc w i t h m o r e eafe, and fceke rather for found judgement o f vnderftanding, then for vainc oftentacion of ftrange t o n g s : which is alfoaftera fort foll o w e d in tianilations : fo I t o o k e it fneeteft to impart theiefewc poyntes ofphilofophie,ScphiiickeinEngli(h t o the end our pcople,as other natios d o , might acquaint them felues with f o m e part ofthis k i n d c , rather then with other firiuolous diicourfes, neither profitable to vie, nor delectable t o the vcrtuous, and well difpofed minde. T h i s m y (lender endeuour I dedicate

DEDICATORIE.

dedicate to your name right worfhipfull M.Oibourne, to whom besides I am particularly bcholdingc, your good nuouring of vertueand learning in certaine of my acquaintance of thebeftmatke hath moued mcto gate this fignificarion howe readie learning is to honor her fauorers. Aie hath many daughters, and they bcall knit in loue: betwixt thé there is neither cnuic, nor iealoufic: where one is honored and receiueth cntertainment,there all congratulate without dctraftion : andcuenas in a darke night one ftar breaking out ofathicke cloude, though it be but fmall, deliuereth a farre more cheerfull and comfortable light, then if it {hone with many in a cleereeuening: fo this vertue hath the more g r a c e d beauty in you , iniomuch as almoll allfuch planetshauea longtime either bene whollie edipfed, or quite fallcouc of their fphcres, to the great

THE EPIST. DEDIC. difcoforte o f fuch as trauaile in this kinde o f night workes,and buGcthc fducs at the lamps and arc carefull to vpholde with perplexed ihidie the fociety of mankinde by learning and inftruction . There be a fewe that (hinc with you, their honor grounded vpó vertuCjíhal Had for eucr:thc Mufes and the Chantes haue their names in perpetual] record: and I a feruant of theirs in their names pcrformc this duetie vnto you in this forte as I haue declared. Fare you welhfrom litle S.Bartlcmewes by Smithfieldthe 13 of May.i58¿. blotter

of your vertve,

T . Bright,

TO

HIS MELANcholicke friend: M.

X&fyteZRLT H O r G H deare vC^I^^^UW. your letter full of v^heauines , and vncom^k^y^^firtable plainits, hath in jitchfort affetted me, that (as it faireth with a true hartedfriend) your a f f l i ction draweth me into the fellowship of your mournefull eflate. Wherby lam fainetocail forfuch fnpporte, asreafon miniflrethto wifemen-.and am compelled as it were to put bit into the mouth of myouer vehement ajfefiion: andgiue checke as much as my flrenrth ferueth vnto my paffion feme what in this behalfe vnruly.Yet albeit our cafes are not equail, in fo much as the griefe isnotfo fenjibleto me as toyour f e l f e , whome it hath {I

fereeiue)entred to the quick, not oneìy of boielyfenfe : but hathpaffeddeeper andßettedthe tenderfìnevves ofthe foule andfpirite :yetl fay ,for*fmuch as futh ù the gracions prouidence of eur God,andthe manifoldgraces ofhis bountifull handvnto me», thatfearce appeareth any calamity, but if time be taken and opportuniie laid holde on, helpe and r eieafe doth asreadely prefent it felfe, to the comforte of fue h at trauiile vnder the burthen,as affli ¿lion is readie to charge them : and confidering on whome this kinde oferoffe is fatlenwpon a manexercifedin the ßudieofptetie, andapracítferof the fame, andone not ignorant ofthe préceptes of philofophie, vvherby wordly men, andfue h as are deßitute ofthe knowledge ofGod^ßay them feines in fuch cafes, which as it ferueth them butflenderly andis but a readenftaffe, to beare vp fo heauy a burthen, being *thervvife votdeì and vnfurnished

confideratton of naturall c auf es, and euentes-Jlande him inflea.de, who refleth not wholly there onjbut leaneth upon the maine pillar of Gods promt' fes, of mercy and grace > andi vaightethvvith patthe the appointed time of hü releafe. ihefe considerations to be feene in you, giue me confolation and the ratherinable me to ccmforte you my deare frtedjv vhofefoule Jper ceiue pat et h with heat of thatflamet which mofl nigh you fay in your feeling approchethvnto thofe tormentes dejenbedwher the worm diethnot andthefiregoeth not out-.whereofalthoughyouJeeme prefently tofeele the anguish for a time; yet haue comfort and attend the happie iffue , which doubtles ityourraifing'vp againeand more high aduaunctment into the affurance of Gods ¡cue andfauour. For as ef all met talis gold u tried with moß

vehement heute, and abideth the oftenefl bantering of workernen for the refyning , which being once fyned ferueth for thefeate of the Diamond, and for matter of precious vejfels to the royatifurniture of the tables of potentates and princes : fo now euen that heauenly refiner, holdeth you in this hoteflame for a time ¿ill being purified andcleared from that drojfe of finne whichcleaueth fo faß, to our degenerat nature, you may make hereafter a more glorious veffell, for hü feruice and honour of bis heauenly mateftie. Tour requefi is not onely that I should minifter vnto you, what my fender skill either in diuinitie or phificke may afford, but that I would at Urge declare vnto you the nature of melancholte,what caufethit, what effecles it worketh, how cured\ and farther to lay open, whatfoeuer may ferue for the knowledge thereof, with fush companions offeare ,fad. nes

nes,defterat/on,teares,weeping,fob. btngftghing, asfollow that mournC' fulitraine,yea ofte times, vnbrideled laughter, r'tfmg notfrom any eomforte of the heArt ,orgladnesoffpirit, hut from a difpofition in (itch forte altered, as by errour of conceits, that gefiure it in a counterfet maner beftov ved vpon that difagreeing paffion, vvhofe nature is rather to extinguish it felfe withteares, then ajpvvagedby the fvveete breath ofchearefulnes, otherwife to receiue refreshing: This your requeft chargeth me with that, whereto if my skillreatheth not ,yet mygoodwill andprompt mtnde, both in refpecl of your ejlate, whofe griefc 1 pitty and defire to mitigate, and the complaintes of diuerfe others alfo in like cafe opprejfed, drawe me, that both they ¿r you knovvingthegrouds of theft ptffwns: what parte nature path in thetragedie, and what confcience of fmne driueth vnto: what

difference betwixt them, how one nourisheth Another, how echrifeth, and the feuerali meanes, both of preventing and cure ofech, the de[perate difcouragementes, which rife vnto bodie andminde thui afflitfed may be at the leafl mitigated, andfome light giuen to the foule , (tumbling in the darke midnight ofignorance, and refreshings the comforteles hearte,diJlrailed with a thoufand doubtes and penfiue thoughtes ofdijpaire-.wherin according to your rerne(I, I haue copioufly entreated of thefe pointes, that both you might be the more comforted Andfat isfied byplentie of difcourfe, & being a matterfit ting your humor and pertinent to your prefent ejlate , you might haue wherewith topaffethe tedious time with more contentmet. Therefore as your griefe willgiue leaue and refpitt thereto ¡you may here know and learne that , which you deftre to know in this cafe, whereof

ifbyGohs blefjtngyoumay make vfe toyour cofort, I shallioye in my panes and you again ft other times of try ally by this experience, mayhaue canfe of more hope ofreleafe, and comfort in heauines, then through the ter~ tour of this ffraunge affiiciionyou prefentlyfeele.

THE

CONTENTES

OF

the booke According to the Chapters.

H

O w diucrfliethe word melancholy is takc.Cap.i. pag.i. Thecaufesof naturall melancholic, and ofthe exccfle thereof! Cap.i.pag-4. Whether good nouriihmcnte brcede mclancholie by fault of the bodie turning it into mclancholie., whether fuch humour is founde in nourilhmcnteSj or rather is made of

them, Cap-3.pag.7. Theaunfwerto obiefhons made againft the breeding of melancholicke humour out of nouriihmenr. Cap.4.pag,io. A more particular and farther anfwcrto the former obie&ions. Cap. 5.pag.iit ** ij

T h e caufes o f the increafe Sc exccffe of the melancholickc humour. C a p . 6 . pag 25. O f t h e m e l a n c h o l i c k e excremcnc Cap7.pag.31. W h a t burnt c h o l l e r i s , and the caufes thereof. Cap.8-pag.3z. H o w melancholic w o r k e t h fcarfiillpailions in the mind. Cap.9.pag.

33H o w the body affeð the foule Cap.io.pag.39. Obie&ions againft the manner h o w e the bodie affctteth the foule, w i t h a n f w e r t h e r e u n t o . C a p . i l pag. 49. A farther a u n f w e r to the former obieftions, and of the fimple facultie of the foule, andonelyorganicall of ipirit and bodie. Cap.12.pag.55. H o w e the foule by one fimple £1cultieperfourmeth f o manieand diuerfe aflions. Cap.13.pag.i7. T h e particular anfwers to the o b jections

ie&ions made in the 1 1 .Chap. C a p . 14.pag.72. W h e t h e r perturbations rife of humor,or not with a diuifion of the perturbations. Cap.15.pag.80. W h e t h e r perturbations which are not mouedby outward occaiions rife of humourjor not-.and h o w . Cap I6.pag.90. H o w melacholy procureth feare, fadnes,diipaire, and fuch other p anions. Cap.17.pag.10i ' O f t h e vnnatural melacholy rifing by aduftionrhow itaffcdech vs with diuerfc paflions. Cap.18.pag.no. H o w iickncs,and yeares feeme to alter the mind,and the caufe,Sc h o w the foule hath praftife of ienfes ieparated fro che bodie.Cap. 19.pag.n. T h e accidcntes which befall melancholieperibns. Cap.20.pag.12 3. H o w melacholy altcreth thequalitics of the bodie. Cap. 21 .pag. 115. H o w melancholy altcrcth thofc

aftions which rife out ofthe braine. Cap.22.pag.1z9. H o w a ny thing wherein we haue difplcafcd our felues w i t h , it is callcd (hame : if it be compounded with feare, it is callcd bafhfulnefTe; if the miilike betaken from another, the compoiuion is of hate and anger, and thereof fpringeth, malicc. Thus haue you the pertuibations compounded of primitiue paifions with their deriuatiucs. Of deriuatiucs betwixt them felues anfe difpairr, and confident alTurance. Dilpaire is compounded ofheauinefle , griefe and feare: the other ofioy and hope: thus haue you after my minde the perturbations raunged into their feueral claiTes: to the ende,the aflmiue of caufe and cffc& (if any be ) betwixt them and the humours, may more eafily appcare; if none be, as in deed there is none,then the contrarie truth may with greater euidence, approue it fclfc vnto your iudgement. For loue or liking, hate or miflike, being but two primitiue paflions, howe may we with reafon referre them to the humours,which are foure: and if the perturbations (hould rife ofhumour,then (hould they aunfwerech other neither mo nor fewer: and as the one is compound, primitiue and dcriuatiue, fo (hould the humours be at the i n i h n t of thofe paflions, which is impoflfible: or if they be not at the in. ftant mixed,but before, the hart (hould not lyc indifferentto all p affront,and the mixture being once m a d e , by what meanes (hould they be againe vnmixed? Againc if they rife of humour,

Or M E I ANCHOtii. 8f thenfhould thofe part* wherein humours m o d abound, be inflruments of paffions, and fo the gall of anger, and the fplenc of fadnefie,and n o t the hart,which is the fcate of all thofe affeitioJ, which we call perturbations: from which both ofthofe partes, are parted by the midrifFe. But you will lay: thefe affc&ions rife cf the temper of the hart,and that temper of the humour.Not f o : for either t h e aftc&ions rife of the frame a loncof the h a r t , orclfe at t h e leaft ioyned with the t e m p e r : n o w c t h e humours haue fo fmall force in making temper, and framing the complexion, that them ielues are all t h e r o f f r a m e d , the ipirits applying the temper of the organical parts tothatbuiinefTe. Touching t h e frame of the hart,fuch as haue bin moft couragious haue * of fubftancc firme, c o m p a f t , and of qualitie moderate,the poores neither ouerlarge n o r n a rowe: in which points the temper and complexion hath no vfe: but the frame alonc.Againe, thefe paflions being wrought of the heart by a certaine enlarging of it felfe, ifit be pleafcd,and doling, if it be contrarily a f f e f t e d : which be afiions not of complexion, but of frame & (hapc, make fufScient proofe agamft the complexion in this parte, which only beareth it felf affefted to that which it toucheth , altering it, if i t b e of Viftualls into humours , and the humours into die fubftancc of the body, which it iudueth with the fame complexion. Againe it fareth oft time* that this o r that humour aboundcth by difordered diet, yet the complexion all o n e ; neither purgations of humour alter complexion^ fixed F iii

%T

A

TIIATUI

thing,ingenerate by nature, Scnocouerthrown but by Come venimous qualitie dircit oppofit againft ic, or long cuftome of other diibrder, whereby nature is fupplanted in time, & growing in acqu*intacc,wuh which fixftisra iHikcd,u ouernutched with acounteifet nature, gotten by vfc of that otherwife is vnnaturall. Thcfe points might be more at largclayed open, if it were neceuarie, or they did not withdraw from the purpofc 1 haue in band., to reft more vppon them. But how then cometti it to palfc,that melancholickc perfons are more fad then other, 8c cholcricke more angrie See. ifthcfc humour« bearsnofway herein/ Foranfwer ofwhichquc ftion,youare to vnderftand that both ioye and fadnefie are of two forts, asalfothcrcft fprutging from them: the one is naturall rifing vpon an outward accafion,ifthe bodic be well tempcred,and fault les in his inftrumcnts, and the ob> icd made no greater nor lefle then it is in deed, and the hart, aunfvrer proportionally therunto: the other is vnnaturall, and difordered, riling either ofno outward occafion, but from inward dclufion, or elfe fuch as are ( by fault of the report of the fcnfes,or euil difpoution of the hart) otherwife taken then the obieft requireth. la this fecond kind , the humours feemc to hauc greateft rule, which whether they haucfo, as caufes or not,& in what refpeft they enrermeddle,I wil now make plainevntoyou. Of tbefirft fort of perturbations naturall, and riiing vppon cuident occafion I ncede ftand lefle vpon, fciog as the hart is by outward caufes moued, lo is it neither

Or

MIIAKCHOIII.

neither more affefted of this humour then of that, neither can there be any fuch fudden reparation of humours be wrought inthebodie, whereby through anger cholcr {hould difioyne him felfe from his fellow humours, and poflefTe the hart : or melancholie in cauics of griefe, forowe,or feare, efpecially an humour ofgrofle & earthy panes, as it were the very lies o f the reft ofthebloud.Àgaine,itwere verie contrarie to rcafon, to attribute an «Ûion of lb nectlTary vfe, as are the perturbations vnto t h a t , which is no organe of our bodies, but only matter of fbode and nourishment ; of whjch fort are all the humours, keeping them felues within compalTe of eood temper. Moreouer if through anger the n a n be moued firft,then isit firft troubled, and the perturbations wrought, before the humour receaue impreifion : if the humor admit firft the motion of the thing loucly or hurtfull, & impart that to the h earr,then (hould it receiue a degree of excellence aboue the hart in this refpeâ,beingmore attendant vpon the (pint, the chiefs ft e ward of this facultie, then the hart is , which nexttothelpirit hathgreateft place inthebodie. But why thé fay you, haue the Phdofophers defined anger a boy ling of the bloud about the hart? ifit be according to that definition, then the morccholericke a man is,Co much the more angry is he: bccaufe the choler is fi/ft apt to boyle, as it werebrimftone to the match, in rcf p e â o f t b e other humours. That definicion of anger, is tobe taken not by proper fpeech , but by a metonymical! ph. afc, whereby the caulc is

88

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attributed to the eifeft. For firft the heart moueth, kindled with a n g e r , then the bloud rilcth, which being cholericke encrealeth the hcatc, but addeth nothing to the paflion : nowc becaufe welenfibly teele anextraordinarieheate about our hearts when wc beuioucd to angrie paffions, therefore they haue defined anger by that effedt: which boylinp,nfcth n o t o f t h c i]uality of the bloud, but by a fti lfe of a contrary motion in the heart at one time,the one being a contraction of it folic,andS retraite of the bloud and ccrtaine (pints not farrc o f : with miihlce of that offendcth, as in feare, which commandcth cuenfrom the extremejnd vrmoftparts:whereby it gathcreth great heate within, which breathing out againc with reucnge ,caufeth through vchemency ,& fuddennclTc of the motion, that boyling of heat, procured of anger: cfpeciallyif it be not deliuered by word and decde, whereby liberty is giuen for the paflion to breake foorth, which retrained in any fort,brecdeth an agony offuch feruency.as it may rcfcmble the fcalding of a boyling chaldron not vncoucicd,or an hote furnace clofed vpin all vents. Moreouer if perturbation ihould be caufed of humour, to whether fliolild we attribute it ? to the natural! humor,or to the excrement i the excrcmentis tar remoucd fro the hart, & is not fo ready to affeft i;,a great diftace being betwixt their leucral plac e s ^ in iaudcs,thc gal ouerflowwg the body,& parting through the vaines,& ftaining all parts, we fee them not fo affected, more angry then at other times,or their bodies being dccred from

OF

MELANCHOLIC.

89

the t i n & u r c o f y e l l o w n e s . I f i t b e the n a t u r a l l h u mor,that is to fay,the fubtiltft part of t h e b l o u d , alwayes contained in the hart (whether you v n derftand that bloud which is comprehended in the two b o f o m s , or that wherwith the hart is f u ftained & nouriihed in etiery part)why is not the the hart alwayes afFcited wiihout i n t e r m i f f i o n , with iuch paiTionsas the bloud e n d i n e t h v n t o , feeing it is alwayes p r c f e n t , & k e e p e t h his difpofition alike? If y on wi!J haue it o f n e i t h e r , but o f that which is cotaincd in the great v a i n , rufhmg with violence into the right fide of t he h a r t , the quality o f that bloud being o f coclcr temper the tnac which the heart hath already e m b r a c e d , (hould ierue to mitigate the m o o d , rather then to adde m o ftickes to the fire. T o conclude this p o i n t , left I (hould f e e m e to light with a Iliadow: if either humor,or exc rement {hould haue part in mouing attentions, no counfel of philcfophy,nor precept o f wife men were comparable to o l r a c thefe raging p a f l l o n s , v n t o the purging potions o f P h i i i t i a n s , & in this cafe the k l l c b o rans o f Antieera-,the C o l o c y n t h i s of Spnine,and the R h u b a r b o f Alexadria,aboue all the fchools of Diuinitie or Philofophy. T h e lefle I labour a gainft thefe humors in the kinds o f naturall perturbations,or fuch as rife v p o n o c c c f i o n , b e caufe I thuike the.errour 1» f o n ; r e m o u e d , & requireth n o l o n g r e a f o n i n g . T h e other fort which moue vs w i t h o u t c a u f e , or externall o b i e f t , either t o f a d n e s , a n g e r , f e a r e , or i o y , becaufe they fceme alcogithet t o be e f f e f t s o f h u m o r s ^ i o other caufe being apparent whereto to a i c r t b e i h e m , 1 will

9°

A

TKBATISI

more copioufly debate this point in the Chap» tcr following. CHAP. XVI. yyhtthtr ptttwb*uo>,which rrt tut MlUtdby v*rd occtfioni rijt »f hfmourt tr noiiand

M*. hnt

X 7t 7 E do fee by experience certainc perfont V V which enioy all the comfortes of this life whatfoeuer wealth can procure, andwhatfoe. Her friendship offereth of kindnes*and whatfoeuer fecurity may allure t h e m : yet to be oucrwhclmed with heauines,and difmaide with fuch f e a r c , as they can neither rcceiue confolation, nor hope of afiurance, notwithstanding ther be neither matter of feare,or difconrencment, not yet caufe of daunger,but contrarily of great cofort,and gratuIation.This paiTio being not molted by any aduerilty prefent or imminent,^ attributed to melancholic the groflcft part of all the blood,either while it is yet contained in the vaines:or aboundcth in the fplene,(ordained to purge the blood of that droffc and letling of the humours) furrharged thcrwith for want offrce uent,by reafon ofobilru&ion^r any wayes elfe the paflage being let of cleare auoy dance. The rather it leemeth to be no lefle, becaufe purgatioh,opening o f a vayne,diet,and other order of cure and medicine,as phifick prefcribeth, haue ben? meanes of chaunging this difpofition, and mkigatio of thofe forowes,and quieting of fuch feares, as melancholic perfons haue fancied to chemfclues ,& haue as it feemeth r eft ore d both wit and courage. Hitherto we haue bcneled by reafon of the obiedion from humors,which im-

Op MILANCHotn. 91 poned great power in them of affe&ng the oiinde.lr wasanfwered before generally,whatfoeuerwas doneiri the body of any parte t o b e done organically,and that was applied fpeciaUy tocertaineobie&ions before aunfwered : i t r e maineth h e r e , that the fame be applyed alio to our humours, which haueno other power to affeft the minde, then to alter the fíate of the inftrumentes:which next to the minde, &fouJc « f e l f e a r e t h e onlycaufcsof alldireft aftionin the body. So here we are to confider , in what fort the humours moitethefe perturbations aboue mentioned:whetheras cheefe workers,inftruments, or other Icinde ofhclpers:and fohow they may clainie any intereft in terrifying,or foliating the minde,tnis way or that way, as the obie&ions before mentioned would beare vs in hand.11 hath ben declared before how the mind isthefole mouerinthc body, and how the reft of the partes fare as inftrumente*, andminifters:whereby in naturall affeftionsthe humors •re fecluded from checfe d o e r s , and being no organicall partes feruc for no inftrumentes.For whatfoeuer hath any conftant and feme aihon in our bodies , the ftate of health remayning firme,is done either by foule,or by the partes of the body : of which the humours are neither, and fo vtterly fecluded of nature from any peculiar aftiC to any vie o f t h e body .For that rhcy are faid to nourifh, itfignifieth only a pafliuc difpofition, by which through our nouriflung power , they receiue the Charaifter of our nature , and are altered into the fubftauceof the

9»

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TREATISB

fame, they themielucs giuingoucr their priuate a&io,and fubmitting to the naturall conco&iue T e r t u c , which deftroyeth all particularities of nouri(hment,and bnngeththem to that vnifor. mity which our nature requireth . T h e n while the body is in health,the humors beare no fway o f priuate aftion,but it being once altered, and they euilldifpofed,andbrcakingfrom that regiment whereunto they fhould be f u b i c i t , arc To farre of from fubic&ion to the difpofition of our bodies,and itrength of our partes,that they op. prefle chcm,and as it appeareth in iimptomaricall eucntcs in ficknes,difpife that gouernment, wherto by nature» la w they ftand bound . Thus then I hold humours to be occaiions of diforderly perturbations,euen as they arc oaeanes of deprauing the inftrumcnt of perturbation, and turning it dtherwife, then nature hath difpofed, whofe gouernment whenit hath ihaken o f , it affe&cth v i two maner of wayes: the one by the corporall fubftance , whereby it annoyeth the corporall maiie ofbodies,and complexion,and breaketh out into (bares, Empofthumcs, or otherfuch anoyances:the other by afpiritwhich it poffcffeih, either contrary altogether, or diuerfe at the lcaft from o u r s , wherewith many way es it difturbeth the orderly aftions,& weakneth the yigor o f t h e f a m e : now both by fubftahce , and by fpirite it altereth complexion where it preuaileth,and thereby giueth greateft itroake to the organicall members. T h e n feing all anions are performed both by fpirite ana corporall infti u m c n t , and the humours excee-

Or MilANCHoin. ding'the gouernment of nature, and withdrawing themlclues from fubieftion thereof,affeft vs both wayes/pirite againft fpirite,and corporall fijbftancc againft his like, we are toc ôfîder,how by thefe two meaner our aftions futfer through their diforder,and where their operation taketh moft place in working fuch phantaftical perturbations wherewith we are dcluded.Of all partes • f t h e body,in ech perturbation,two are cheifly aflfeftcd • hrftthebrayne, that both apprehen. deth the offenfiue or plcaiaunt obie&,& ludgeth of the fame in like f o r t , and communicateth ic with the h a r t e , which i s t h e / e c o n d p a r t affeâed: thefc being troubled carie with them all the reft of the partes into afimpathy,they of all the reft being in refpeftof aftcâior. of moil importance . The humours then to worke thefc efFe&cs,which approch nigh to naturall perturbations grounded vpon iuft occaiîon,ofneccflîty,alter either brayne or hart : if the braync be altered,and the obieft not rightly apprehended then is it deliuered otherwilc then it ftandeth in nature,and fo the hart moued to a diforderly paflion. Againe though the brayne be without faulte,and report dclyuered to the hart fincerely:yet that being diftempered, or altered in coplexion by faulte of humour,doth not aunlwere in afFeâion as the obieft requireth: but more or kfrc,as the diftemper m'iileadethùfboth parte* be oucrcharged othumour,che apprehcnfion& tffc&ionbath are corrupted, and mifle of their right aftion,and fo all thingcsmiftakcn,ingcnder that confuted fpirite , and thole ftormcs of

A TftBAflSl o b t r i g j o u t loue,hatred, hope or f c a r e , wherewith bodies io paflionare are here and there, tofTcd with difquiet.Now particularly the fpirite of the humour being fubttler,thinner,and hoter then is m e c t e , raaketh the apprehenfion quicker then itfhould b e , and the difcretion more h t f t y , then is meete for the vpright deliuery to t h e n act,what to embrace or to refute: this caufcth proncnes to a n g e r , when we are offended without caufe, commonly called teaftines, and frowardnes, If the humour alfo with his fpirite «>

/r

I

•

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1

f

if

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difperfed,which caufeth fines of fuch paflios to be of longer continuancc:and thus the har.t may b t abufed from the bray n e : n o t much vnlike as it falleth often out in communication of fpcach amongeft vs-.a man of hafty difpofition,ready to aunfwere, and quickwitted, will make reply to t h a t which fhould be faid, before the tale be halfe told,whereby h e faileth in his replication, and aunfwereth from the purpofe: which if he had bene firft aflured,whcao to reply,he fhould n o t hauc mifled.This appeareth plaine in Choh r k k e perfons,or fuch as are difpofed to anger: fuch are offended where they haue n o caule in truth, but by miftaking: and where they haue caufe t h e vehemency of the apprehenfion ,and the fuddenes o f t h e report from the brayne vnto t h e f e a t e of perturbation, infovceth double the paffion: efpecially when the h a r t is as flexible, as the brayne is light: t h e n r a u n g e t h i t into all cxtrc-

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MBIANCHOIII.

nttremity. This commeth to pafle, not by any power of anger in (be Cholcrick humour:but by rcafon the inftrumentes arc mifordercd, either by vapour riling from that humour, or (he very fiibftanceof the f a m e . They are difordered in this fort through Cholcr.The n J rural] fpirit and complexio ofthefe partes become fubtiler, thinner,and quicker,proner to action, then of their natures they fhould be,through the heat which rifeth of C holer, and his fpirit intermixed with ours:by this mobility of vapour, ourfpirit (of a quieter and more (table difpofition.) is either made more rare,then it expedient for the vfe of our bodies, or elfe ftriuingas it were to fubdue this baftard lpirite and vnwelcctnr gheft, can not giue that attendance vpon his proper duety, which naturally it fhould: andfo the adions thereupon rife depraued, and hauing wherwith kisencumbrcd within, admitterhthecaufeof difpkafure more eafily which rifeth abroad ¡being an addicio to that which molefteth at home: and thefe natures for the moll parte are troubled with a Cholerick humour, or fretting, like to Choler, about the mouth of the ftomach, which is of all the inward partes of quickeft fenfe and feeling.This caufcth them, efpecially failing, before the humour be mitigated, and delayed with nourishment, to be moft prone t o that angry paflion. I h e t e a f t y waywardnesof fickperfons , fuch as are vexed with payne or fcauer,wherby the humors of the body become more fell maketh euident proofe hercoCWc fee howiinallmatters put them out ofparicnce, 8c

96 A TABATIJZ euery thing offbndeth: whereat in h:alth the fame occaiions would litle, or nothing moue. I he teafon is becaufe,they meafure all outward accidents,bv that they findc of difcoatentmcnt within:not that the humor that difcontenteth is any inftrumcntofpafGon,or carieth with it faculty to be difplealed: but bccaufe it difquieteth the body,and giueth difcontentmcntto nature, it is occafion why difpleafures are made great: and where there is no caufe , nature troubled within, faireth as greatly diipleafed with that which outwardly (hould not difpleafc:the griefe within,being.added to anindifterct thing without,and drawing it into like fclowfhip of djfplcafurc,eucnbut for that it pleafcth not.-like as in a troubled fea,a great yeflcll is more eafily (lured with imal ftrenjgth,thenin the calme hauen, or qOict ftreame: (o our (pirites, andorganicallm. ftruments of paflion, tne parte toficd with ftorjny weather ofinteraall difcontentment^i with litle occafion difquietcd, yea with the (haking of a ru(h,tbat hath no (how of calming thofe domefticalliVornies, thatarife moretroublefome, andboiftcrous to our nature, then all the blufieringwindes intheOcean.fea. For when out paffionisonce vpby fuch occafion , the cooam& fenfe is alfo caried therewith, and diftinftion of outward t hinges hindered at ;he leaft, if not taken away,all things beingwayedby that which nature findeth offece at within:euen as the taft altered in feauers by cholerick vapours, maketh fweetething« feemebitter, and vnpleafaunt, which of thcmfclues are moft delegable to the tafte,

Oi> M i r A N C i i o L i « ,

J7

taft , a n d would greatly fatisfic the f. m t partie, the bitter relifh thic-ugh t h a t tame of choller once takenaway. And in this foi t i n my opinion arifech the dilordcrly, & vnruly pallion of choller, both incrcafed, where forne occafion is offered, and procured by inward dilpofition of t h e bodic and f p i n t , when there is n o p r e t e n c e , or iheweof caufc. T h i s i s f c e n e a s plainly in n u r t h andioye, which rifcth as well vpon inward h a r monic of fpirir, h u m o u r , and complexion, as v pon glad tidings, or external! benefitc whereof we take reioycing. A bodie of l'angunie complex i o n ^ commonly we call it, although complexion be a n o t h e r t h i n g , then condition of h u mors)rhc fpirits being in their iuft temper in refpect of q u a h t i e , a n d o f f u c h plenty as nature r e q u i r t t h , n o t mixed or defiled, i>y any ftiaunge fpirit or vapor, t h e humours in quantity &qua=litierated in geometricall, and iuft proportion, the fubfcancc alio of the b o d i : , a n d oil the m e m bers fo qualified by mixture of elemcntcs, as all tonfpire together in due p r o p o r t i o n , breedeth in indiffcrencic to all paflions.Nowe ifbloud a bound, a n d k e e p e his fincetity,and the body r e ccaue by it, and tho fpirits rifing from the fame, »comfort in t h e fenfible partes., without doubc then, as'anecr without caul's external!,rofevpo inward difpleafure; fo this fpirit,thefe humours, and this temper,may moue an inward ioy,whcrofno external! obiccft may be accompted as iuft occafion. This is the caufc t h a t maketh f o m e men prone to ioy, and laughter at fuch thinges, a« other m e n are n o t drawne with into a n y p a f -

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iïon, and maketh them pickc out, and feeke for caufes of laughter, not oncly to moue others to the like,but to expreifc their mery pafiîô,which rifcthby the ludgement of our fenfes imparted to the hart, not regarding whether the caufc be inward or outward,that m o u e i h , which taketh comfort t h e r e a t , as though the obieft were e x ternalLThis efpecially commcth to pafle if the bloud be fuch about the hart,as his purcnelTe & fincercnelle wiih fweetneffe that carieth moderation of temper doth fo c o m f o r t , and mollifie it,that it eafily,& aptly enbrgeth it fclfc thé fuch bloud or fuch vapor that hath this tickling qualifie, caufcth a delight concerned in the brainy and communicated with the h a r t , procureth, a comfortable gratulation,and inward ioy of thai whereof nature taketh pleafure.For as we hauc fights, taftes, fmellcs, noyfes, pleafant obicâei without v s , and on the contrary part, as manie odious, and hatefull, which do force our fenfes) (o hauc we alio all thefe internall, pleafaunt or vnplcafaunt:& as wc hauc of fenfuall obieôs internall,fo in like manner pleafure 8c difpleaiure is communicated fro within of the braine to the h e a r t , of fuch things as wc are not able direâiy to referre to this or that qualitie i as we fee it fare th with tafts oftentimes : fuch mixtures may

which giueth this occafion carieth force of gentle and light fpirits: as wine, and ftrong drinkc, and all aromacicall fpiccs, which hauc a power to

O F MELANcaotit. 99 to comfort the braine, and h a r t , and affeft all our bodie throughout with cclcritic and quicktic(re,before their fpirits be fpent in the paiTage: then the brainc giueth raerie report, & the hart glad for it fclfe, and all the fellow members, as it werc,daunceth for ioy, and good liking,which it receaueth of fuch internall prouocaciont.Thc as we fee wine eiue orcaiion of mirth by his excellent lpirit, wherewith our fpirit is delighted, and greatly incrcafed,if it be drunke with m o d e ration; fo fuch as arc of merie difpoliuons,enioy t naturall wine in their bodies, efpecially harts Ctbraines, which caufeth them to laugh at the wagging of a feather, and without iuft matter of laughcer,without mode ft regard of drcuftancc, to bcare them felues light & ridiculous: & this myfriende M. I take to be thecaufe of mernc greekes, who feeke rather to difcharge them Iclues of the iocond afFeihon.ftirred vp by their humour, then require true outward occafion of folaceand recrcation. Nowe a i before I haue faydthat cholerprocureih anger, not as caufc, but as occafion,to likewife blond thus tempered and replenished with thefe aromaticali and merie fpirits, giueth occafion only of this plcafantnefle,and is no caufe thereof, the hare making iuft daime to thefe atfeftiont as the only inftrutnent, & vnder the foule, chiefc author of thefe vnruly companions: which inftrument is jo difpofedjthat obeying the mind,and thofe naturall rules whereby all things are efteemcd', good or bad, true or falfe, to be done or not to be done, twothcrwifethenby a cjuilliubicftion ruled by

too

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eounfell & no conflraint, it rcpugncth o f t time« all the (Irong cocluiions whatlocuer reafon can make to the contrary. Thus you v n d c r f t i d how a m a n m a y be a n g u s and mene without external] o b i e f t , o r outward caufe : now let vs conlid c r , h o w e f a d n c f T c a n d fcare , the points which moft belong to this difcourie, »nd your prefent itate,may alio arifc without occaiion o f outward terror cither prcfently molcihng, or fearing v j by likelihood, or poflibdity of future danger. As the nature o f choler is fubnle, hote, bitter, and o f a fretting and biting qualitie, both itfelfe and the vapors that pa(Tc From it, and bloud temperate, fwcet, and full of cheerefulland comfortable fpirits, anfwcrable to t h o f c w e h i u c i n g c n e r a t c , e f p e c u l l y if they become a r o m a a c a l l , as I may termc t h e m , and o f a fragrant n a t u r e , by naturall temper, or by meanes of diet: lo melancholic of qualitie, grofle, dull, and o f f e w e comfortable fpirits; and plentifully replenifhed with f u c h as darken all ihc cl erne lie o f thofe faneuincous, and ingrofle their fubtilnefle,defile their purenelfc with the fogge'of that i l i m e , and fennie Cubflancc, and (hut v p t h e hart as it were in a dungeon o f o b f c u r i t y , c a u f e t h manic fearefull f a n c i e s , by abufing (he braine with vglie illulions, & loeketh vp the gates of the hart,whereout the fpirits lhould brcr.ke forth vpon iuft occ a l i o a , to the comfort of all the family of their fellowc members: whereby we arc in hcauincfle, fit comfortlcffc, f c a r e , diftruft,doubt, difpaire, and lament, when no caufe rcquireth it, but rather a bchauiour bcfccminge a heart vppon

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h i f l c a u f e , and found reafon m o d c o m f o r t a b l e , a n d c h e a r f u l l . T h i s doth melancholic work,not otherwife t h e n the former h u m o u r s , giuing o c c a f i o n , and falle matter o f thefe p a f f i o n s , and n o t b y any dilpofition as o f i n f t r ument t h e r e u n t o . O f all the othcj- humours mclancholie is full e f t o f v a r i c t i e o f p a f l i o n , b o c h according to the diueriitie o f place w h e r e it f c t l e t h , as brayne, iplenc, mcfaraicke v a i n c s , hart, w o m b , and ftom a c h j a s alio through the diuerfe ki'ndes,as n a tural] , vnnatu^all: natural!, either o f the f p l e n e , o r o f the v a i n e s , faultie only by cxcciTe o t q u a n t i t i e , or thickneflc o f f u b f t a n c e : vnnaturallby c o r r u p t i o n , and that either o f bloud a d u f t , c h o i e r , o r melancholic natural], by e x c c f f i u e diftemper o f h e a t e , turned in c o m p a r i f o n o f the natural], i n t o a (harpe lye by f o r c e o f aduftion. T h e f e diuerfe forts nauing diuerfe matter, caufe m o ftraunee f y m p t o m c s o f fancic and a f f e d i o n t o melancholike perfons, t h e n their humour t o f u c h as arc f a n g u i n e , c h o l c n c k c , o r flegmaticke: w h i c h fleume o f all the reft fcrueth lea ft to ftir v p any afFcdion: but b r e e d i n g rather a kind o f ftupiditie, and an impafTionate Hart, then cad ty m o u e d to embrace or r c f u f c , to forowc or ioye, a n g e r or contentcdneiTc : except it be a l a k e flcumc,th£approcheth it to the natur o f c h o l c r , & in like fort t h e r o f rifeth anger & f r o w a r d n e t . CHAP,

X V I I.

How melancholy frocurtth fttre,f*irni, difpatre, tndfucb othtrpaffioni. O w l e t vs c o n f i d e r w h a t paffions they a t e that melancholy d r i u e t h v s v n t o , and the C iij

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realonhowit dothfo diuerfiy diftra&thofe that arc opprefled therewith. The perturbations of melancholy arc for the molt parte , fadde and fearcfull, and fuch as rife of them: as diftruft, doubt, diffidence,or di1paire,fometimcs furious, and fomctimes merry mapparaunce,through a kinde ofSardonin,and falfc laughter,as the humour, is difpofed that procureth thefc diueriities.Thole which are fad and peniiuc,nfe of chat melancholick humour,which is the grotfeit pare of the blood, whether it be iuicc orexcrcmcnr, not palling the natural! temper in heat whereof it parcaketh, and is callcd cold in comparifon oncly . This for the moft part is fetled in the fpleane,and with his vapours anoycth the harte and palling vp to the braync,counterfcttcth terible obicftcs to the fanta(ic,and polluting both the fubftancc,and fpirits of the brayne, caufeth it without external! occaiio,to forge monftrous fiitions,and terrible to the conceite, which the iudg;ment taking as they arc prefented by the difordered inftrument, dcliuer ouer to the hart, which hath no iudgemcnt of difcrction in it IcJf, but gluing crcdite to the miftaken report of the braine, breaketh out into that inordinate pa (lion , againftreafon.Thiscommeth topafle,bccaulc the inftrument of difcrction isdepraued by thefc melancholick fpirites, and a darknes & cloudes ofmelancholievapours t iling from th.it pudle of the fplenc obfeure the clearenes,which our fpirite s are endued with, and is rcquilite to the due difcrction of outward obieftcs .This i t the firft is not fo cxtrcame, neither doth it fliew

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103

fo apparauntly, asinproccflcoOimc , when the fubftance of the brayne hath plentifully drunke of that fpleneticke fogge , whereby bis nature is become of the fame quality , and the pure and bright fpintcs fo defiled,and cclipf e d , that their mditicrcncy alike 10 all fenfible thinges,is now drawen to a partiality, and inclin a t i o n ^ by melancholy they are mforced. For where that naturall and internall light is darkened,their faniies arifc vayne,falfe, and voide of ground: eucn as in the externall lenfibk darkencs,afalfetllufionwill appeare vnto our imagination, which thelightbeingbroughtmis uneth,for thefe fcnfible matters repoiingtruft in the corporall miniftcrs, whofe mifcreport, no more ought to difctedite the mindc, or draw it into an acceflary crime of error, then the iudicial! fentence is to be blamed, which pronounceth vpon the oth and crcdite ot a iurie impanelled of luch as arc reported men of honefty,credite,and difcrction though their verdift be not pcraduenture according at the caufe committed to them doth require. The memory being thus fraight with perills paft: and embracing only through die braynes diforder that which is of dtfeomforte, caufeth the fantafie out of iuch recordes , to forge new matters ofiadnes and feate, whereof nooccafion was atany time before, nor like to be giuen hereafter: to thefe fanfics the hart anfweringwi:hlike melancholicke affeOion, turneth all hope into feare, afTurance into diilruft and difpaire, ioyeinto difcomforce : and as the melancholic nature,or bodie any waie corrupt, defileth the pure and holefome nouriihment, 8c conuertethit into the fame kindcof impuride: and as thefireof all kindcof matter giuetb in» crcafe of bcatc,wbcthct it be woodjftoncynctal,

toé

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or liquorrfo t h e body thus poflefled with the vn> c h e a r e f u l l , a n d difcomfortable darknes o f melác h o l i c , obfcureth the S o n n e and M o o n e , and all the comfortable planetts o f our natures , i n f u c h fort,that if they apj>earc, they a p p e a r e all d a r k e , a n d m o r e then h a l f c e c l i p f e d o f t h i s m i f t o f b l a c i ; e n e s , n í í n g f r o m t h a t l u d i o u s l a k e : and i n a l l t h i n g c s comtort;!l>le,either curioufly pryeth o u t , and fnatchech at whatfoeuer o f miiljke «nay be d r a w e n to the nourifhment o f i t f e l f e :or clfe negleifteth altogether that w h i c h is o f other q u a l i t i e s hen f o o d e , and p a f t u r e of t h o f e m o n g e r s , w h i c h nature ncuer bred, nor p e r f e t t iince c o n c e r n e d , nor m e m o r i e v n c o r r u p t would cuer allow c n t c r t a i n c r a e n t , but are h a t c h e d out of this muddie humour,by a n v n n a t u r a l l t e m p e r i e b a f t a r d fpiute,to the d i f o r d e r oí the whole regim e n t o f h u m a n e nature,both in iudgement and a f f e f t i o n . T h u s the h a rt a while being a c q u a i n ' ted,with n o t h i n g e l f e , b u t d o m e ü i c a l terror,fear e t h euery thing,and the b t a y n e (impathctically partaking with die h a r t e s f e a r e , m a k e t h doubt, d i t t r u f t c t n , & l u f p e & e t h without caufe,alwayes (landing in awe o f g r i e u a u n c e : w h e r w i t h in time it b c c o m m c t h fo tender,that the leaft t o u c h , a» it were ones nailc in an vlcer, giueth difcouragen i e n t t h e r e t o , rubbingit v p o n t h e g a l e t x u l c e r a t e with forow and fearc.-neither only doubleth it forrow vpon f m a l o c c a f i o n , b u t taketh it where n o n e is offered:euen as the C h o l e r i c k m a n f c e d c t h his p a í l i ó with ridiculous caufes of difplcaiiire.For"firft(the generall being in al natures aftions before the p a r t i c u l a r ) the h e a t t b y the braine

Op MilANCHOLII. 107 brame folicited t o paiTio,& r f e d to grief & f e a r e , takech t h e a c c u f t o m e d way of fligl lie a n d a u o y d a n c e , a b h o r r i n g & fearing t h o f e t h i n g e s , w h i c h oftheirf< lues are m o f t amiable a n d g r a t e f u l l : a t the firft n o t b e i n g a d u i f e d , w h e r e t o t o apply t h e p a f f i o n : c u e n a s o n e c o n d e m n e d to d e a t h w i t h v n d o u b t e d e x p e c t a t i o n of e x e c u t i o n , fearing e u e n c knock at t h e p r i f o n d o o r e , h.ith h o r r o u r , t h o u g h t h e m e f l c n g e r of p a r d o n with knock r e quire t o b e a d m i t t e d & let in, a n d eucry mcil'eng c r , where d a u n g c r n feared, though he come w i t h c h e r e f u l l c o u n t e n a n c e , g i u e i h c a u f c of diftruft w h e n t h e r e may b e aflurancc:cuen f o , t h e h e a r t o u e r c o m e with inward h e a u i n c s , a n d s t a red with inward f c a r c s , faireth as t h o u g h w h a t , focuer caufc of a f f e i i i o n and p e r t u r b a t i o n w e r e m i n u t e r of prefeiu gricfe,or mcflengcr of f u t u r e d a u n g e r , by m i f t a k i n g o n l y , a n d w i t h d r n w c t h it fclfe,and i h r o u d e t h it as lccretc a n d clolfe, as n a t u r e will fufFer, f r o m t h a t , which if cufionic h a d n o t b e n t i t a n o t h e r way , v p p o n aduifemcnc (nowbanifhed through fwiftnes a n d v e h e m c c y of pair>on)ic would h a u e with ic.yfi.il c h e a r c c m b r a c e d . F o r cue as we fe in outward l"enfe:the e y , or t h e care l o n g a n d vehemently a f f e i l c d with colour,or f o u n d , o r t h e nofe with ftrong fent:ret a i n c t h c verie c o l o u r , ( b u n d , a n d f e n t i n t h e i n . ftrumentes , t h o u g h t h e t h i n g be r c m o u e d t h a e yeeldcd f u c h qualities ; (o t h e intcrnall fenfes m o l e f t c d continually with this fearefull o b i c f t of i n t c r n a l l d a r k n e s , cfccemcth cuery thing ot" t h a t n a t u r e : t h e true qualitie thereof being o b icurc,by chat w h i c h h a t h taken p o i T c i f i n n o f t h ^

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befotc.The brayne thus aflfcfted, and the heart anfwermghis paillon thereafter driucthvs into t h o f j extremities othcauy ino8de,which ailaile and dilpollllle o f right vie o f reaionthofe who aremelancholickly diipoied: much more if the h e a r t b e as mclancholitkly b e n t , as thebrayne; then diucrie nines ùoih it prcuent the fancie with feare,antl as a man traniported withpafîiô it vtterly berctt of aduiiemér,caufeth the fenfes both outward & inward prepofteroufly t o c o n ceiue,as the heart vaincly feareth . T h i s melancholy a s t h e p a r t s a r e diuerfe,& a&ions vary,fo doth it as it ii feated.or paflcth this or that way, breed diuerilty of paiHon:as in the heart a trembling, in t h e f t o m a c h a greedy appetite : in the brayne f>lfe illufions,andin the other partes as they are difpofed:fo deprauing their attions, it caulcth much variety of cffcéh,which are not in the nature o f the humor,but as it difturbeth the achue inftrumentes,no more then darknes caufeth fomc to ftuble,other f o m e t o g o o u t o f t h e i r w a y , & w a n d e r , & other fomc to bringe topaiTe fuch purpofes, as light would bewray & hinder, al as they be difpofed & occupied w take thé to their builnes in th e dark,& not through any fuch efte&uall operatic of darkenes, which is naught elfe but meerc abfence o f l i g h t . Neither doth fo many ftraunge fortes of accidentes follow melScholie through diueriity o f p a n s only-.but as the niftomc oflitc hath bene before,& the fancie, & heart fome way vehemently occupied : there through this humour all the faculties afbrc named, are cai ù e d the fame w a y , as it were with

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t h e ftreameofa t i d e , d r i u e n w i t h a b o y f t e r o u s w i n d ; w h i c h c a u l e t h t h a t melancliolicke m e n , »re n o t all of o n e n a t u r e p a f l i o n a t e this w a y . t h c o n e taking his d o l o r o u s p a f l i o n f i o m h i s l o u e , • n o t h e r from his wealth: t h e o t h e r f r u h i s p l e a lures , w h e r e o f hi$ m e l a n c h i lie b e a r e t h him i n h a n d t h e p r e f e n t loflc, or i m m i n e n t d a u n g c r of t h a t w h e r e i n a f f c i h o n in f o r m e r n m e s h a d l u r e d footing: & o n t h e o t h e r pa; c , w h i c h b e f o r e a m a n moft abhorred, that newe the humor vrg e t h with molt v e h c m c n c i e . A g a m c a > i t i s m i x e d with o t h e r h u m o u r s , e i t h e r k e e p i n g m e d i o c r i t y , o r a b o u n d i n g ; fo likewiie b r c a k c t h it f o r t h intoluch diucriines, & manie times into plaine c o n t r a r i e t i e s of c o n c c i t a n d p e r t u r b a t i o n . ! h u s you v n d e r f t a n u , h e w e f e s r e s a n d f o r o w e s rile, w i t h o u t caufe f i o m n a t u r a l l m c l a n c h o h e , w h e t h e r it be i u y c e , or e x c r e m e n t , n o t t h r o u g h chiefe a f t i o n , as f r o m w o r k e o f f a c u l t i e , but by a b u f e o f i n f t r u m e n t t h r o u g h occalion . If t h e f p l e n e t i c k c e x c r e m e n t i u r c h a r g c t h e bodie,noc b e i n g p u r g e d by h e l p e of t h e f p l e n e : t h e n a r e thefe perturbations farre more outragious,and h a r d e t o b e m i t i g a t e d by c o u n l e l l o r p e r i w a Hon: and more do they enforce v s , the partes b e i n g altered with corpor.-.ll h u m o u r , t h e n with fpirituallvapour: and fo are the psflions loner in c o n t i n u a n c e , a n d m o r e e x t r c c m e in v e e t n e n c i e . F o r as t h e flame c a r r i c t h n o t luch f o r c e o f b u r n i n g as t h e colc,nci;hcr c o n t a y n c t h t h e h e s t e f o l o n g e ; c u e n ;o t h e p a i t e s aft'efted w i t h t h e h u m o u r , w h i c h c a r r i c t h b o t h grofTcnclTc of i u b f t a n c e , w i t h continuall f u p -

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plie of that dimme v a p o u r , fettlcth a more iixed paflion of fcarc and heauincffe , then t h a t which rifethfrom the vapour onely, partly of the ownc accorde more eafily vanilhing a n d partly with greater facillitie wafted by natures ftrite and refiftance. Nowe it followcth to declare,howe the other vnnaturall melancholy annoyeth with paftions, & abufeth vs with coutcrfet caufe of perturbation,whereof there is no ground in truth , b u t onely a vaine and fantalbc all conccit. Chap, xviii. Of the vttnaturaUmtiatubolie rifing dy *dufliI

u