A master unit on Los Angeles for B7 special training classes

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A MASTER UNIT ON LOS ANGELES FOR B 7 SPECIAL TRAINING CLASSES

A Project Presented to the Faculty of the School of Education The University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education

toy Garvin W. Haist June 1950,

UMI Number: EP45852

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T h is project report, w ritten under the direction of the candidate’s adviser and ap p ro ved by him , has been presented to and accepted by the F a c u lty of the School o f Ed u catio n in p a r t ia l f u lf illm e n t of the requirements f o r the degree o f M a s t e r of Science in Educatio n.

Date...........................

A d v is e r

Dean

iii PREFACE The teacher of special training classes is met with a unique and inspiring challenge in comparison with the usual class assignment.

Pupils with mental and/or physical handi­

caps are lifted from regular classes in the basic skills, where they are often neglected and confused, and are placed in special classes.

The challenge to the teacher is to

discover and utilize the different techniques, methods, and classroom situations that will lead to steady growth for each pupil toward full realization of potential ability in the basic skills and toward happy adjustment in personal and social living. Mentally retarded and educationally retarded pupils form the special training classes for which this project is written. A mentally retarded pupil is one whose intelligence quotient as measured by an accepted standardized measuring instrument is below seventy-five.

These pupils have a limit­

ed level of ability in the basic skills above which they cannot go.

In the regular classroom situation they often do

not receive the teaching instruction and guidance that will lead them steadily toward this highest possible level of achievement. The educationally retarded pupil is one who is like the mentally retarded with respect to level of attainment in

Iv tlie basic skills.

A non-English, speaking home environment

or similar language difficulties, lack of schooling, long absences from school due to illness or other causes— these are some of the situations that may result in educational retardation.

In the regular classroom situation these

pupils are met with the same difficulties as the mentally retarded.

In the special training class the educationally

retarded can “get caught up“ on their basic skills so that they can return to regular classes as well adjusted pupils. Intelligence quotient test scores, achievement test scores, and classroom performance are usually the criteria by which pupils are chosen for special training classes. The special training teacher must develop the ability to determine accurately the truly mentally retarded pupil and the pupil who is only educationally retarded.

Only then can

the educationally retarded be challenged to grow beyond the point that the mentally retarded can grow.

The teacher must

take care, however, not to neglect the mentally retarded "in favor of" the educationally retarded.

The'teacher also must

realize that personal and social adjustment problems often are increased or aggravated by mental or educational retar­ dation.

The teacher is challenged to lead every pupil

toward full realization of potential ability in the basic skills and toward happy adjustment in personal and social living.

V

The statements and challenge stated above reflect the philosophy underlying this project*

This challenge is the

same as that facing the teacher in every teaching situation* Its difference for the special training teacher lies in the uniqueness of some major problems and difficulties facing /

the special training pupils.

The writer feels that too

often teachers fail to work toward the solution of these problems and difficulties.

The teacher may be inadequately

trained for special training and/or may take the attitude that "the best thing is just to keep them busy." The writer is convinced that every pupil is entitled to the best possible guidance toward the greatest possible growth.

For the special training pupils this means a care­

fully planned, closely guided and supervised daily pattern of learning which gives direction, security, and observable growth.

Meeds in the basic skills require specialized pro­

cedures and in many instances require remedial measures. There must be a carefully determined balance between individualized instruction and democratic group activity. The unit of study here presented is designed to meet these needs.

The writer hopes that it will help special

training teachers In the specific area of the curriculum for which it is written and that it also will stimulate new thinking about the challenge brought to the teacher by special training pupils.

vi The writer does not claim the origination of the daily work pattern for special training classes utilized in this project.

The pattern has been experimented with and

found successful over a number of semesters by various teachers in the Los Angeles school system.

The writer

believes that the pattern was developed originally by Mrs. Helma B. Coffin, now Supervisor of Special Education in the Los Angeles City Schools, an outstanding leader in the field of special education.

TABLE OP CONTENTS PAGE P R E F A C E ......................................... INTRODUCTION TO THE TEACHER

Hi

......................

1

Anticipated outcomes

.........

2

The reading exercises

.................... . . .

2

Procedures and evaluations

....................

The daily work pattern . . . . . Necessary pre-teaching . . .

3

................

3

....................

6

...............

7

...................

9

Meeting the diversified needs . LESSON 1

IE BECOME EXPLORERS

LESSON 2

LOS ANGELES CLOSE TO H O M E .........

14

LESSON 3

TRAVEL IN LOS A N G E L E S .............

20

LESSON 4

LOS ANGELES GEOGRAPHY

26

LESSON 5

THINGS TO DO IN LOS ANGELES

LESSON 6

THE GOVERNMENT OF LOS A N G E L E S .....

39

LESSON 7

EARNING A LIVING IN LOS A N G E L E S ...

45

LESSON 8

LOS ANGELES HAS A HISTORY AND A FUTURE . .

. '........... . . . . . . .

32

51

INTRODUCTION TO THE TEACHER There is little reading on Los Angeles available for special training classes of the junior high school that is written down to the required reading level and written to the required interest level.

up

Such books as Going Places

In and Near Los Angeles by Mackey^, commonly used on the B 7 level In.the Los Angeles schools, are far too advanced in reading difficulty for general use with special training classes.

Some elementary books are available, but their

level of interest makes them difficult to use. The lessons of this unit on Los Angeles are designed to provide a series of reading and writing exercises that will bring steady growth in the basic skills.

The lessons

also employ a daily work pattern that is adaptable to every part of the academic curriculum for special training classes.

For each lesson there are three sections; Antici­

pated Outcomes, The Reading Exercise, and Procedures and Evaluations. The daily work pattern used in these lessons is : ideally adapted to the double period English-Social Studies class. classes.

These unit lessons are most easily employed in such However, they are flexible enough to permit adjust­

ment to single period classes or to regular classes as 1 Margaret Mackey, Going Places In and Near Los Angeles (Los Angeles; The Goodwin Press, 1HJ3U), 235 pp.

2 individual work for special training pupils in those classes.

You must make the necessary adjustments to your

specific classes. Lessons for eight days of a five or six week unit on Los Angeles are outlined in this project.

These lessons

give the teacher at least eigjht reading exercises in an area of the curriculum where there is little or no suitable read­ ing for special training classes.

They may be considered

introductory lessons to more detailed studies of areas of interest represented by the lesson titles. Anticipated outcomes. to guide you, the teacher.

This section of each lesson is

It provides specific direction

to each lesson's application in the classroom. Hote that understandings, attitudes, appreciations, and effective thinking receive equal emphasis with basic skills and abilities.

The special training pupil needs a

carefully balanced diet of all of these areas of growth.

Do

not neglect any one of them in guiding the pupils’ growth. Frequent evaluation of the results of your classroom activ­ ities is necessary to make sure that the anticipated outcomes in each area of growth are being realized. The reading exercises.

The lessons are in part short

reading exercises that are not intended to be a detailed, comprehensive textbook on Los Angeles.

They are designed to

3 aid growth, in reading skill through vocabulary enrichment and reading practice on a suitable level. The reading content presents some facts; but primarily the content is aimed at arousing interest in discussion periods, question and answer periods, map studies, picture talks, motion pictures, handwork, other suitable reading, and similar class activities.

The desired subject

matter content and the desired growth in understandings, attitudes, and appreciations will result for the most part from a rich program of such activities. Procedures and evaluations.

This section of each

lesson presents an outline of the classroom activities and the written exercises to be completed by each pupil.

As

earlier indicated the activities are ideally suited to a double period English-Social Studies class. The first period is devoted to the reading exercise, discussions, and related activities. oral activity.

The emphasis is on

The second period is devoted to the mastery

of the new words, the completion of as many written exer­ cises as possible by each pupil, and individualized pupilteacher evaluation of the day’s activities.

Each activity

leads toward the realization of one or more of the .anticipated outcomes. The daily work pattern.

A more detailed explanation

4 of the daily work pattern and possible variations within the pattern will make its utilization in your classroom more effective. Whenever possible applicable reading material on the required level should be used during the first period to bring growth in reading skill.

This reading is incorporated

into the lessons of this project.

When suitable reading is

available, it furnishes the new words for the day and is the basis for the written exercises.

Other learning activities

usually related to the reading complete the first period. When no reading material is available that will aid in realizing the desired outcomes for the day, other learn­ ing activities must fill the whole period. may be the basis for the day's work. employed.

A motion picture

Map work may be

Whatever the activities, the new words for the

day are chosen from those activities and the written exer­ cises are based on them. The five new words mastered each day provide1steady growth in vocabulary.

Those words judged to be the> most

usable in the future reading and speaking experiences of the pupil should be chosen.

These words are chosen from the

reading exercise for the day or from the other learning experiences if there is no reading.

Each pupil masters the

five new words and files them before proceeding with the written exercises.

The completion exercise is the first of the written exercises.

This is designed to be very simple so that even

the slowest pupils can master it.

It provides a simple

exercise in reading comprehension. cise is a skill developing one.

The alphabetizing exer­

Penmanship and other skill :

exercises may be used at times, depending on the needs of the pupils. The matching of words and meanings is a reading comprehension exercise.

Multiple choice question?-*'

questions for complete sentence answers, or similar exer­ cises are also good for reading comprehension. little words is a vocabulary building exercise.

Finding Exercises

in building new words by using different endings or syno­ nyms and antonyms exercises are also useful vocabulary building tools. Adding missing capital letters gives exercise in grammar skills.

Various exercises can be built around the

required B 7 grammar skills of subject and predicate recog­ nition, number, time, periods, questions, and so on.. Making up sentences using each new word for the day taxes many skills of the pupil.

This should be a regular part of each

day*s writing for those pupils who can accomplish all the other exercises.

Lastly, the pupils find each new word in

the dictionary and list the words and their meanings in a special dictionary notebook.

6 The second period becomes an hour for individualized instruction by the teacher.

You should seek to spend a few

moments with each pupil every day.

Some pupils will require

only a minute of your time; others will need several minutes of.'help.

It is advisable to have a daily check sheet on

each pupil on which progress toward the desired outcomes is noted.

The pupils are encouraged to see on paper a record

of their progress; usually they are motivated to improve when a poor record shows on paper. Only a few of the many possible written exercises are mentioned above.

Whatever the pattern of written exercises

you use, be sure to include the following: a simple begin­ ning exercise, a skill exercise, a reading comprehension exercise, a vocabulary building exercise, a grammar exer­ cise, and the sentence making exercise.

The new word

mastery and dictionary work must be daily activities also. Necessary pre-teaching.

The daily work pattern

described above and utilized in the lessons of this project will not be effective with your special training pupils unless there is careful pre-teaching. The pre-teaching must include instruction in a good method to learn new words.

Usually special training pupils

require a method employing visual, auditory, and kinesthetic elements.

Also there must be instruction in alphabetizing

and using the dictionary.

Lastly, the pupils must be given

7 a complete understanding of the daily work pattern.

They

must feel at home with the written exercises and with every other activity of the daily two hour period. Meeting the diversified,needs.

The special training

class is not a homogeneous group, even though It is a special grouping of mentally and educationally retarded pupils.

In most instances there will he non-readers.

There

will he those whose reading levels are second and third grade.

Then there will he those with fourth and fifth grade

reading ability.

Their needs vary and ways of meeting these

needs vary also.

The daily work pattern described-above is

designed to meet the diversified needs. The entire class should participate In the oral activities.

Only the best readers should do oral reading

before the class.

Slow readers can read aloud to the

teacher during individual instruction minutes.

Non-readers

can be given special reading development assignments while other pupils are doing written work. The pupils participate in the written work according to their abilities.

The non-readers may master the five new

words and complete the simple completion exercise.- The second and third grade level readers may complete almost all the written exercises.

The rest may complete all assigned

work and some will have time for additional enrichment expe­ riences.

The teacher must have these enrichment experiences

8 planned. You must know the expectancy level of each pupil. You must know the specific ability levels of each pupil. With this knowledge there can be sound planning to bring optimum growth.

Only a few. of the many possibilities have

been mentioned.

Remember that the goal is to bring steady

growth in each pupil toward full realization of potential ability in the basic skills and toward happy adjustment in personal and social living.

LESSON 1 WE BECOME EXPLORERS ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Unde rstending Exploring a city through, class study can be an interesting and worthwhile experience. Attitudes and.Appreciations 1. 2.

Desire to participate in the exploration in the many ways possible. Awareness of how many things there are to explore.

Basic Skills Speaking 1* 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— Los Angeles, city, county, explore, citizen. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions .

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading— phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercise. Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts in the reading for use in the written work.

Writing 1.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise.

10 2. 3. 4. .5. 6.

Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. Spelling the five key words correctly. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. Using the correct form in all written exercises.

Abilities 1. 2.

Ability to use good study and work habits. Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way.

Effective thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills in the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills in daily living outside the classroom. THE READING EXERCISE Today we begin some of the best weeks of our study

together. Angeles.

We begin to explore the great place called Los Sometimes when we talk about Los Angeles we will

be talking about the City of Los Angeles. be talking about Los Angeles County.

Sometimes we will

Your teacher will tell

you and show you on a map what is meant by the words city and county. There are many ways that we can explore Los Angeles, pirst of all we will want to read all that we can about Los Angeles.

Maps will help us on our exploring' trips.

Pictures on the bulletin board and in our notebooks will help us learn.

Once in awhile motion pictures or still

pictures on the screen will be shown.

You can ask your

parents, your pastor, your neighbors, the grocery man, the

11 barber, and other friends about Los Angeles, will have many things to tell you.

perhaps they

Some week-end you can

visit a place in Los Angeles that you have not seen.

Then

you can tell your classmates about your visit the next week in school.

We will be able to explore by telling each other

about the places that we have seen.

We can tell each other

the things that we know about Los Angeles. many ways to learn about our city.

Yes, there are

Can you think of any

other ways to explore Los Angeles? There are so many things to learn about Los Angeles. What shall we explore?

We can learn about the geography of

our county— the ocean, hills, valleys, mountains.

We can

explore the parks, playgrounds, beaches, and other play areas to find out new things about them.

We can learn when

and how our city began and how it has grown.

We can learn

about the schools, libraries, churches, fire stations, police stations, hospitals, and shopping districts close to our homes.

We can study the government of Los Angeles and

meet the mayor and other city leaders. ways that all the people earn a living.

We can see the many We can find out the

many ways to go from place to place in this big county.

We

will want to meet all the different people living in our city.

There are many other things that we can learn.

do you think that we should explore? you to help plan the explorations.

What

Your teacher will want

12 An explorer always has reasons for exploring. have reasons for wanting to explore Los Angeles. and county of Los Angeles is our home. citizen of Los Angeles.

We too

The city

Each of us is a

As we learn more about Los Angeles,

we will appreciate and enjoy our home more.

We will want to

be good citizens so that every one may be proud of us and our city.

We will learn the duties of a good citizen.

We

will find that Los Angeles has problems that we can help solve.

What other reasons do you have for wanting-to

explore Los Angeles? And so we begin to explore Los Angeles* days as classroom explorers are coming. best explorer that we can.

Many good

Let us each be the

Let us become better and better

at exploring each day. PROCEDURES AND EVALUATIONS Read and Discuss Together Lesson Is We Become Explorers. New Words - Studythese words so that you know them when you seethem and can spell them. 1. 5.

Los Angeles citizen

2.

city

3.

county

4.explore

Word pile - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of new words mastery. total new words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the missing words.

15 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

In the days ahead we will explore ________ . Los Angeles is a very large The city of Los Angeles is smaller than the _ There are many ways that we c a n _________ our city. Each of us wants to be a g o o d _________*

Alphabetize - Put these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. Los Angeles 5. citizen 6. 10. study

2. city 3. pictures 7.

county map 8.

Matching - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Los Angeles city county explore citizen

4. explore place -9. visit Write the correct

find out about new places and things a person whose home is a certain city a large city in southern California a place where many people live together part of a state larger than a city

Pind Little Words - F i n d and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. today 2. 5. mayor 6. 10. reasons

explore 3. Los Angeles 4. problems trips 7. some 8. teacher 9. many

Capital Letters - Write these sentences adding the missing capital letters. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

we are beginning to explore los angeles.> los angeles is a city in the state of califomia. can you find the city and county of los angeles on a map? a good citizen wants to know more about his city. which ones in our class will be the best explorers?

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today. Dictionary Work - Find each new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used in the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pup11-Teacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and citizenship for the day.'

LESSON 2 LOS ANGELES CLOSE TO HOME ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Understanding In a city most every need can be met within a short distance from home. Attitudes and Appreciations 1. 2.

Desire to make effective use of the services found in the city. Realization of the tremendous task of meeting all the needs of the thousands of people in a city.

Basic Skills Speaking 1. 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— map, home, church, school, serve. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions .

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading— phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercise; Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts in the reading for use in the written work.

Writing 1.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise.

15 2. Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. 3. Spelling the five key words correctly. 4. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. 5. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. 6. Using the correct form in all written exercises. Abilities 1. Ability to use good study and work habits. 2. Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way. Effective ’Thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills in the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills in daily living outside the classroom. THE READING EXERCISE Sometimes we never see the things that are close

around us.

Let us make sure that we know what is close

around us in Los Angeles. the city to help us.

We can use a map of our part of

This will help us learn more about

maps. The map is simply a picture of the city showing the streets, highways, parks, schools, and other places. Imagine that you are high over the city looking straight down from an airplane.

Then you would see the city as the

map shows it. Where is your school on the map? to the school.

Your home Is close

Both are very important to us.

Can you draw

a small map showing the path from your home to school? of us also go to some church close to our home.

Most

This is an

16 Important part of our lives.

Let us locate all of the

churches that we go to on our big map. What would happen if your home were to catch on fire? Fire trucks would speed from the closest fire station to put out the fire.

We must know where that station is.

Also we

must learn how to let the firemen know when a house or building catches on fire. to us ready to help us. man when we need one. close to your home.

Policemen also are always close We must know how to reach a police­

There are fire and police stations Find them on the map.

When we are sick or our teeth need care, we may go to clinics.

Some of these are free clinics run by the city or

county.

Sometimes we are very sick and need to go-to a

hospital.

There is a large Los Angeles County Hospital that

takes care of everyone. will serve us.

Also there are other hospitals that

Put the clinics and hospitals close to your

homes on the map.

Find the Los Angeles County General

Hospital on the map. Close to our home are many other persons and- busi­ nesses that serve us. grocery store. stores.

Most of our food comes from-the

We buy our clothes from different -clothing

The drug store has many things that we need.

Doctor and dentist offices are close to our homes. * The barber is close at hand when our hair needs cutting.

There

are department stores, cafes, banks, and many other places.

17 Most of the time all of these places will be close together in. one area.

Such a group of stores and offices close

together is called a shopping district.

Usually there is at

least one shopping district close to every home.

The people

in every store and office in the shopping district want to serve us.. It is easy for us to find and buy the things that we need or want.

Where are the shopping districts close to

your home? There are many other things close to our homes. Parks and playgrounds are always close.

Here we can play,

have a picnic, watch a ball game, or enjoy other outdoor activities.

Perhaps in the park close to your home there is

a museum, zoo, lake, or some other special place.

-We will

learn more about our parks and playgrounds later.

There is

always a library close to home.

Here we can get all kinds

of books to read just as in our school library.

There may

be places near your home that are not close to other homes. Your home may be close to the ocean. near you.

There may be factories

What places are there close to your home that

have not been mentioned? Yes, close to our homes are all of these places ready to serve us.

Churches, schools, fire and police stations,

clinics, hospitals, shopping districts, parks, and-playgrounds--all of these and other places are near us.

None of

them can serve us unless we want and ask for their service.

18 Living in our city would not be as easy and enjoyable with­ out them.

Always remember all of the places close to your

home that are ready to serve you. PROCEDURES AND EVALUATIONS Read and Discuss Together Lesson 2: Los Angeles Close To Home. New Words - Study these words so that you know them when you see them and can spell them. 1.

map

2. home

3.

church 4.

school

5.

serve

Word File - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of new wohds mastery. total new words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the missing words. 1# 2. 3. 4. 5.

helps us to explore Los Angeles. Many"places close to our serve us. On Sunday most of us go to Theteachers in the _______ _ help us to learn new things. Policemen and firemen always are ready to • us.

Alphabetize - Put these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. map 2. home 3. church 4. school 5. serve 6. district 7. hospital 8. together 9. fireman 10. policeman Matching - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. 1. 2. 3. 4.

map home church school

Write the correct

a building for Christian worship a picture of part of the world's surface to help others the place where one lives

19 5.

serve

the place to study and learn under teachers

Find Little Words - Find and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. 5. 9.

home 2. fireman teachers

district 3. hospital 4. 6. policeman 7. important 10. department

together 8. clothing

CompleteSentences - If these are not sentences, add some­ thing to make them complete sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The map hanging on the wall. Many places close to home serve us. Going to the shopping district after school. The schools and churches near us. Policemen help us every day.

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today. Dictionary Work - Find each new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used in the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and citizenship for the day.

LESSON 5 .TRAVEL IN LOS ANGELES ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Understanding A large city could not exist without adequate transportation facilities. Attitudes and Appreciations "1. 2.

Desire to he the right kind of traveler at all times hy obeying all rules and laws of travel and by being courteous and respectful at all times. Appreciation of the job done by those who directly or indirectly keep the city moving.

Basic Skills Speaking 1. 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— travel, streets, bicycle, automobile, traffic. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions.

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading— phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercise. Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the .written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts in the reading for use in the written work.

Writing

21

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise. Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. Spelling the five key words correctly. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. Using the correct form in all written exercises.

Abilities 1. 2.

Ability to use good study and work habits. Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way.

Effective Thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills in the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills in daily living ohtside the classroom. THE READING EXERCISE Would you want to explore Los Angeles by walking?

You soon would be tired, for Los Angeles city and county are very large.

Look at Los Angeles again on the map.

How many

miles are there from edge to edge? Los Angeles could not be so large if there were no ways to travel within it. day.

Students must get to school each

Men and women must get to work.

Parents and their

children must travel to church, to visit relatives and friends, and to go other places together.

We need-to reach

shopping centers to buy food, clothing, and other needs. Wherever we go, we need to travel.

In a big city like Los

Angeles often we need to travel many miles. Some places like your school, church, or food store

22

may be so close to your home that you can walk. living in a city makes us lazy.

We ride some place even

when walking there would do us good. have a bicycle.

Sometimes

Many of you probably

Bicycles help us to travel short distances

that are too long to walk.

But it would be hard and slow to

travel all over Los Angeles on a bicycle.

Older boys and

girls may have a motor bicycle or a motor scooter.

These

can take us long distances, but they are not very fast. Sometimes we forget that when we walk, ride bicycles, or drive motor scooters we must obey all the rules and be courteous.

We must obey the same rules that automobile

drivers do. All of us have ridden on street cars and buses. of us ride them every day.

In Los Angeles we see street

cars and buses painted yellow. Angeles Transit Lines.

Some

They belong to the 'Los

The yellow street cars and buses

will take us anywhere in Los Angeles.

Men and women called

motormen and conductors drive the street cars and buses. They want to help us when we do not know what street car or bus to take.

They also will tell us how much it costs to go

where we want. Also there are red street cars and buses in Los Angeles.

These belong to the Pacific Electric Railway

Company.

These street cars and buses will take us places in

Los Angeles County.

Also they will take us many places

23 close to Los Angeles.

Do you think that you could choose

any place in Los Angeles and get there hy street car or bus? Taxicabs also will take people anywhere in Los Angeles.

They cost much more than do street cars or buses.

The taxicabs most often seen in Los Angeles are painted a bright yellow.

They belong to the Yellow Cab Company.

Trucks of all kinds are on the streets every day.

They

carry food, clothing, mail, and other things to offices, stores, and homes. Angeles.

Today even airplanes are used in Los

A special kind of airplane called a heli-ocopter

carries mail daily to different parts of Los Angeles.

Have

you seen this mail plane flying over our city? Think for a minute about all of these ways of travel used in Los Angeles.

Almost every hour of the day‘‘bicycles,

motor scooters, street cars, buses, trucks, and automobiles fill the streets. daily.

This traffic in Los Angeles seems to grow

There are many accidents and other traffic-'troubles

every day.

There would be many more traffic troubles if we

did not have rules to follow and traffic officers.- These traffic officers are policemen who help us travel and make sure that the rules are obeyed. How important it is that each one of us obeys the rules I

The rules must be obeyed whether we are walking,

riding a bicycle, or driving an automobile.

The miles must

be followed when riding in street cars, buses, or taxicabs.

24 Then we can travel safely as we live in and explore Los Angeles. PROCEDURES AND EVALUATIONS Read and Discuss Together Lesson 3: Travel in Los Angeles. Y

New Words - Study these words so that you know them when you see them and can spell them. 1. 5.

travel traffic

2.

streets

3.

hicycle

4.

automobile

Word Pile - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupll-Teacher evaluation of new words mastery. total new words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the massing words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

There are many ways to ______ in Los Angeles. Every day the _________ are almost filled with automobiles. Many students ride a to school. Almost every family has an . The ____ _ seems to increase every day. ^

Alphabetize - Put these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. 5. 9.

travel 2. streets 3. bicycle traffic 6. walk 7. rules 8. officers 10. help

Matching - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. 1.

travel

2. 3.

streets bicycle

4. automobiles accidents „ Write the correct

a small, light, two-wheeled machine travel to go from place to place the movement of people and machines streets

for on

25 4. 5.

automobile traffic

roads in a city or town a large, heavy, four-wheeled machine for travel

Find Little Words - Find and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. 5. 9.

travel 2. streets 3. automobile officers 6. machine 7. movement anywhere 10. company

4. accidents S. increase

Periods and Question Marks - if it is a question, end the sentence with a question mark. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Is there much traffic in Los Angeles The map shows all the streets of the city Do you have a bicycle What do traffic officers do Everyone must obey the traffic rules

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today. Dictionary Work - Find each new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used in the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and citizenship for the day.

LESSON 4 LOS ANGELES GEOGRAPHY ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Understanding A knowledge of the geography of an area can help one in many ways. Attitudes and Appreciations 1. 2.

Awareness of the geography of the area and what It has meant to the development of the area. Desire to know more of the geography of the area and to make that knowledge useful in -life.

Basic Skills Speaking 1. 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— ocean, coast, mountains, hills, valley. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions.

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading— phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercise. Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts in the reading for use in the written work.

Writing 1.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise.

27 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. Spelling the five key words correctly. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. Using the correct form in all written exercises.

Abilities 1. 2.

Ability to use good study and work habits. Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way.

Effective Thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills in the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills in daily living outside the classroom. THE READING- EXERCISE Geography means the study of the earth.

We learn

about oceans, valleys, mountains, hills, rivers, and lakes. We study about what these things mean to the people living on the earth. What is the geography of Los Angeles?

Maps will help

us the most as we study the geography of our area.

We can

learn how the valleys, mountains, rivers, oceans, and other things are shown on a map.

Then we will know much about the

geography of an area just by looking at a map of the area. Los Angeles Is next to the Pacific Ocean. helps make the weather warm and nice all year.

The ocean Also the

ocean brings the fog, storms, and chilly winds that some­ times come to parts of Los Angeles. the Pacific Ocean meets the land.

The coast line is where Much of our Los Angeles

28 coast line is flat and sandy.

These places are the beaches

where we enjoy playing and swimming.

Other parts of the

coast line are rocky and not straight. Los Angeles is almost completely surrounded by mountains.

North of Santa Monica and Beverly Hills are the

Santa Monica Mountains. Verdugo Mountains.

North of Burbank there are the

North of Pasadena, Monrovia, and other

places are the San Gabriel Mountains.

Quite a few miles

east of Los Angeles are the Santa Ana Mountains.

The map

will show you how these mountains almost surround the Los Angeles area.

They help keep the weather mild and-warm.

There are many hills in and near Los Angeles’.

Hills

are smaller and not as high as mountains.

Close to the

Pacific Ocean are the Palos yerdes Hills.

North of

Inglewood are the Baldwin Hills. Dominguez Hills. near Glendale.

Brookside Park is in the San Rafael Hills East of the Los Angeles area are the San

Jose Hills and the Puente Hills. we have named.

South of Compton are the

There are many more than

Find the ones that were named on the map.

Many of these hills are low enough that homes may be built on them.

Roads are built through all of these hills.

We

may drive through them and enjoy their beauty.1 Flat land between hills or mountains is called a valley.

North of the Santa Monica Mountains is the- San

Fernando Valley.

Sometimes the flat land south of the

29 Angeles National Forest is called the San Gabriel Valley. These valleys are hotter in summer and colder in winter than the rest of Los Angeles.

They do not receive the

warmth from the ocean in winter.

The cool breezes from the

ocean in the summer do not reach them. In most all of the hills and mountains there are small

lakes of water called reservoirs.

these

reservoirs comes intoour homes for drinking and

washing.

During the summer months there is very little

rain in Los Angeles.

Some of the reservoirs supply water

for growing food during these months. fresh

The waterfrom

These reservoirs hold

water, not salt water like the ocean. There areno lakes in the Los Angeles

travel a few miles to reach a lake.

area. We must

East of Los Angeles

there are Lake Mathews and Lake Elsinore.

In the San

Bernardino Mountains are Lake Arrowhead, Big Bear Lake, and Baldwin Lake.

Other very small lakes can be found in some

of the mountains and hills.

These lakes give us places to

fish, swim, and boat in fresh water.

J

Many people laugh and joke about the rivers-and creeks in the Los Angeles area.

They laugh because only

when it rains in the winter months is there any water in them.

Still our rivers are important because they drain off

the winter rains.

This helps keep the rains from flooding

the flat lands where our homes are.

30 And so we have learned some things about the geography of Los Angeles.

As we keep exploring our city

and county, knowing the geography will help us.

Do not

forget what we have learned about the ocean, coast, mountains, hills, valleys, lakes, and rivers. PROCEDURES AND EVALUATIONS Read and Discuss Together Lesson 4: Los Angeles Geography. New Words - Study these words so that you know them when you see them and can spell them. 1. 5.

ocean valley

2.

coast

3.

mountains

4,

hills

Word Pile - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of new words mastery. total new words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the missing words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The next to California is called the Pacific. Much of the of Los Angeles is flat and sandy. Los Angeles is almost surrounded by ______ . In most of the homes and roads are built. A ________ is flat' land between hills or mountains.

Alphabetize - Put these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. 5. 9.

ocean 2. coast 3. mountains valley 6. geography 7. river reservoirs 10. Pacific Ocean

Matching - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. 1.

ocean

4. hills 8. lakes Write the correct

the place where the ocean meets the land

31 2. 3. 4. 5.

coast mountains hills valley

small masses of rock or earth a big body of salt water flat land between hills or mountains very large, high masses of rock and earth

Find Little Words - Find and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. 5. 9.

ocean 2. coast . 3. mountains 4. hills valley 6. geography 7. Pacific 8. weather completely 10. national

Sub jects and Predicates - Add a subject or predicate, which­ ever the sentence needs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The ________ is the body of water next to Los Angeles. Hillsand mountains almost ____________ Los Angeles. Geography a study of the earth* A _______ is the flat land between hills or mountains. _______________ travel to the beach or mountains.

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today. Dictionary Work - Find each new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used in the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and citizenship for the day. ’

LESSON 5 THINGS TO DO IN LOS ANGELES ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Unde rstanding What one does with, leisure hours throughout life is very important. Attitudes and Appreciations 1. 2.

Appreciation of the many enjoyable and worthwhile things to do during leisure hours. Desire to make better use of leisure hours and to make use of the leisure hour opportunities.

Basic Skills Speaking 1. 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— playground, park, beach, sports, visit. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions.

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading--phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercise. Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts in the reading for use in the written work.

Writing 1.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise.

33 2. Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. 3. Spelling the five key words correctly. 4. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. 5. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. 6. Using the correct form in all written exercises. Abilities 1. Ability to use good study and work habits. 2. Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way. Effective Thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills in the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills in daily living outside the classroom. THE READING EXERCISE Boys and girls spend many hours of many days in

school.

Men and women spend many hours earning money and

keeping homes.

But each of us has some hours every week in

which to do whatever we want. to spend resting at home.

Many of these hours we like

Other times we want to go places.

What is there in Los Angeles to help fill these hours? In Los Angeles there are over 100 playgrounds to which we can go. home.

There is a playground or two near every

Find the playgrounds near your home on the map.

At

these playgrounds small children can play together'Jin swings, slides, sand boxes, and other things.

Boys and

girls can play many kinds of games and sports like basket­ ball, softball, volleyball, and tennis. be spent at a playground.

Many good hours can

34 There are over 100 parks in Los Angeles.

Almost

every park has picnic grounds and places for sports of all kinds.

Most parks have some special place such as a lake,

zoo, garden, stadium, museum, or swimming pool.

Many, many

days could be spent in seeing and enj oying the parks of Los Angeles.

Griffith Park is the largest of all.

There we

find the Observatory and Planetarium, the Zoo, a Bird Sanctuary, and many other special things. is a famous one.

Exposition Park

There we can visit the County Museum or go

through the State Exposition Building.

We can swim at the

Swimming Stadium or attend some event at the famous Memorial Coliseum.

At Echo Park and Lincoln Park there are -lakes for

fishing and boating.

There are lakes at other parks too.

Find all of the parks that we have named on the map. parks are closest to your home?

Which

-^

During warm weather many free hours may be spent in a visit to the beach.

Here we enjoy playing in the sand and

swimming in the ocean. ocean.

Some places we can fish in 'the

Los Angeles has many miles of beach.

In the moun­

tains close to Los Angeles there are places for camping, hiking, and other mountain activities.

In the winter months

snow is found in the mountains for winter sports.

Not far

from Los Angeles there are fresh water lakes where one can swim, fish, and go boating.

Somewhere in or near Los

Angeles there is a place for almost every outdoor activity.

Yes, there are things to do at the parks, play­ grounds, beaches, and mountains.

But there are many other

places of interest in and near Los Angeles.

Let us. explore

a few of them. In the very heart of Los Angeles is a very small park called The Plaza.

This marks the birthplace of Los Angeles.

Across from The Plaza is the Plaza Church, oldest public building in Los Angeles.

This church is still used today.

Not far from The Plaza is Olvera Street.

On this Street is

an interesting Mexican market place just like those of 100 years ago.

•*

Looking over downtown Los Angeles is the Civic Center. city.

Here is the City Hall, tallest building in.the The large Post Office and the California State Build­

ing are in the Civic Center.

Not far from the Civic Center

is Union Depot where all trains come into Los Angeles.

A

long ways from Union Depot is the Los Angeles Airport where airplanes come to and leave the city. Across from Lincoln Park are the Alligator Farm and the Ostrich Farm.

For a small price hours can be spent

seeing and learning about these interesting animals. Inglewood is the Chinchilla Farm.

In

Here hundreds of these

rabbit-like animals interest those who see them.

Near Los

Angeles at the Pomona Remount Depot, a beautiful ranch, Arabian horses will entertain visitors.

36 Free tickets to radio broadcasts can be secured. Motion picture theaters are close to every home. picture studios may be visited.

Motion

At Grauman’s Chinese

Theater in Hollywood the foot prints, hand prints, and autographs of motion picture stars may be seen.

They are

placed in cement. Two of the beautiful, old missions, San Gabriel Mission and San Fernando Mission, are in Los Angeles County. At Knott's Berry Farm may be seen Ghost Town, a town just like those of years ago.

In Hancock Park are the LaBrea

Pits, from which the remains of prehistoric animals have been taken. Telling about all the things to do and places to go in Los Angeles would take many more pages. spent your free hours?

How have you

What places have you gone?

enjoyed the things that are here for us?

1

Have you

Living in Los

Angeles, can you ever truthfully say, "I wish I had some­ thing to do.11? PROCEDURES AMD EVALUATIONS Read and Discuss Together Lesson 5: Things To Do In Los Angeles. New Words - Study these words so that you know them when you see them and can spell them. 1. 5.

playground visit

2.

park

3.

beach

4.

sports

37 Word File - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of new words mastery. total new words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the missing words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The ________ _____ Is an outdoor place to play. Griffith is the largest in Los Angeles. There are many miles of along the ocean. ________ he played at playgrounds and parks. There are many good places to in Los Angeles.

Alphabetize - Put' these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. 5. 9.

playground 2. park 3. beach 4. sports visit 6. zoo 7. swimming 8. Inglewood animals 10. theater

Matching - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. playground . 2. park 1

3. 4. 5.

beach sports visit

Write the correct

the sandy shore along the ocean an outdoor place to play to go to see someone or something an outdoor place to visit,- picnic, or play games or contests, like football

Find Little Words - Find and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. 5. 9.

playground 2. park 3. visit 6. swimming 7. theater 10. interest

each 4. Inglewood

sports 8. animals

Capital Letters - Write these sentences adding the missing capital letters. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

the city hall is the tallest building in los angeles. the memorial coliseum is in exposition park. there are many playgrounds and parks near your home. the plaza church is the oldest public building here. a visit to the alligator farm and the ostrich farm is fun.

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today.

Dictionary Work - Find each, new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and ' citizenship for the day.

LESSOH 6 THE GOVERNMENT OP LOS ANGELES ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Understanding A good government is essential wherever a group of people live and work together. Attitudes and Appreciations 1. 2.

Awareness of the needs for and the tasks of a good government. Growth in the desire to actively participate in the governments— school, community, state, and nation.

Basic Skills Speaking 1. 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— government, vote, mayor, city council, taxes. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions.

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading— phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercises. Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts in the reading for use in the written work.

Writing 1.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise.

40 2. 5. 4. 5. 6.

Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. Spelling the five key words correctly. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. Using the correct form in all written exercises.

Abilities 1. 2.

Ability to use good study and work habits. Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way.

Effective Thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills in the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills in daily living outside the classroom. THE READING EXERCISE What does government mean?

It means the necessary

control, regulation, and service that a group of people living together need.

In the home usually the mother and

father govern the family.

At school the faculty and student

body officers work together as the school government.

In

our City of Los Angeles the mayor and city council 'govern the affairs of the city.

Counties, states, and countries

like the United States also have governments. Every government must have leaders and other workers. At home the parents usually are the leaders.

At school the

principal and the student body president are the chief government leaders.

The chief leader in the Los Angeles

government is the mayor.

These persons are helped by many

other leaders and government workers.

Our governments will

41 be good only if our government leaders and workers are good. We want a good government in every school, city, county, and state in our country. United states government.

We also want a good

How persons become government

leaders and workers, therefore, is very important.United States is a democratic country.

The

This means^that the

citizens choose their government leaders.

In our school all

the students choose the student body president and-other leaders.

In Los Angeles all the citizens who are old enough

choose the mayor, city council, and others. voting.

This is done by

To vote means to tell your choices for leaders.

Usually this is done secretly on a ballot.

The ones who

receive the most votes become our leaders.

How important it

is that everyone vote— and vote carefullyJ What do our government leaders and workers do? mayor is our chief leader.

He must make sure that-all the

other leaders and workers do their jobs well. leaders he appoints.

The

Some of the

He works with the city council In

making plans for the city. ■ He tries in every way that he can to make Los Angeles a good city in which to live.

The

city council is an important, group of leaders. ' The city is divided into areas.

The citizens in each area choose by

vote a member for the city council. ment leaders makes all city laws. all plans for the city.

This group of govern­ The city council approves

The council helps the mayor make

42 sure that Los Angeles is governed well. There are many departments or parts in our city government.

The mayor and city council make sure that these

departments perform their duties well. Police Department. trouble.

One of them is the

The policemen help in all kinds of

They make sure that all laws are obeyed and catch

those who disobey them.

The Fire Department works -to

prevent fires and puts out fires that do start.

The Build­

ing and Safety Department sees that all houses and--buildings are built properly.

In many other ways the Department works

to make our city safe.

The Health Department works to make

Los Angeles a healthy city in which to live. is helped in the Job of staying healthy.

Every citizen

The Department of

Recreation and Parks has charge of all city parks,-play­ grounds, beaches, and other play areas.

The Los Angeles

City Board of Education provides us with schools and teachers. city.

It takes care of every education need in our

Other parts of our government make sure that we have

water, electricity, good streets, a clean city, and other needs. We have seen how a government is needed to help control, regulate, and serve our city. ment does costs a large amount of money. workers must be paid.

All that the govern­ The leaders and

Money is needed to pay for the parks,

playgrounds, schools, streets, fire trucks, police cars, and

43 other city property.

Taxes paid by the citizens provide the

government with the needed money. buy things at a store.

You pay taxes when you

This is called a sales tax.

parents may pay property tax and income tax.

Your

The government

also gets some money by charging for some of its services. When we have a good city government, we know that our money is carefully used. Los Angeles would not be a good home without a good government.

Remember this and do your part to keep a good

city government.

When you become old enough, vote every

time and vote carefully. without complaining. for us.

Help pay the cost of government

Remember all that the government does

Remember all that we can do for the government.

Always be one of the best citizens of your home, school, and city. PROCEDURES AND EVALUATIONS Read and Discuss Together Lesson 6: The Government of Los Angeles New Words - Study these words so that you know them when you see them and can spell them. 1. 5.

government taxes

2,

vote

3.

mayor

4.

city council

Word File - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of new words mastery. total new words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the missing words.

44 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

has many leaders and workers. Our city _____ Every citizen should for the government leaders. The is the chief government leader In our city. A group of leaders in our government is the ___________ . The citizens pay _______ to the government.

Alphabetize - Put these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. 5. 9.

government 2. vote 3. mayor 4.city council taxes 6. leader 7, worker 8. department money 10. living

Matching - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

government vote mayor city council taxes

Write the correct

to show your choices for leaders a group of persons who govern a city control and regulation over people money paid to the government the chief leader of a city government

Find Little Words - Find and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. 5. 9.

government 2. mayor 3. citycouncil 4. taxes leader 6. worker7. department 8. money control 10. regulation

Complete Sentences - If these are not sentences, add some­ thing to make them complete sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The citizens choose the mayor by voting. The people working for the government. Taxes paid by the citizens. Everyone must-be an active citizen. The city council elected by the voters.

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today. Dictionary Work - Find each new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used in the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and citizenship for the day.

LESSON 7 EARNING A LIVING IN LOS ANGELES ANTICIPATED. OUTCOMES Unders tanding Every person must be concerned with how he is going to support himself throughout the years. Attitudes and Appreciations 1. 2.

Appreciation of the unlimited opportunities for earning a living found in a large city area. Respect for those earning a living for us and desire to become a good, working citizen when school days end.

Basic Skills Speaking 1. 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— -earn, work, business, industry, commerce. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions.

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading— phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercise. Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts in the reading for use in the written work.

Writing 1.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise.

46 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. Spelling the five key words correctly. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. Using the correct form in all written exercises.

Abilities 1. 2.

Ability to use good study and work habits.■ Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way.

Effective Thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills In the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills In daily living outside the classroom. THE READING EXERCISE There are almost 4,000,000 persons In all of Los

Angeles County. City.

There are nearly 2,000,000 in Los Angeles

So many people would not settle and build a huge city

and county unless there were ways to earn a living. and children spend every day at play.

Babies

Boys and girls like

yourselves go to school during the year.

But the men and

women must be busy earning money for the needs of life and keeping homes.

What are some of the many ways to earn a

living in the Los Angeles area? Many thousands earn a living by working for the government.

Government offices need clerks, typists,

secretaries, bookkeepers, and other workers. policemen, firemen, postmen, and teachers.

There must be Workmen are

needed to build streets and government buildings.

Many more

47 work to keep our city clean and healthy. parks and playgrounds.

Others work in our

Yes, many people earn a living as

government leaders or workers. Many earn a living by being business men or by work­ ing in businesses.

A big city needs many grocery men,

tailors, barbers, druggists and bankers.

A city needs many

cafes, clothing stores, hardware stores, department stores, gas stations, and other businesses. many kinds of workers.

The business men need

They need clerks, sales people,

office workers, delivery men, repair men, and other workers. These and many other businesses are important to a city. They will be needed always. Many more work in an industry to earn a living.

An

industry is simply a very large business or group of businesses. Angeles area.

There are many important industries in the Los The motion picture industry is very important.

All the world receives its motion pictures.

Los Angeles

leads the United States in making sports clothing, in build­ ing airplanes, and in making oil tools. industry is growing very large.

The ceramics

Only the Detroit area makes

more automobiles than the Los Angeles area.

Other very

important industries are the rubber industry, the petroleum industry, and the furniture industry.

Many more people work

in the canning of foods or in the building industry.

These

are just a few of the many industries in the Los Angeles

area.

Many thousands earn a living in industry. Commerce is another important way that many earn a

living.

Commerce means the moving of the products of

business and industry.

The man-made Los Angeles harbor is-

important in our commerce.

Here ships can bring things to

Los Angeles from other lands.

Prom the harbor go' products

of Los Angeles to people all over the world.

Many railroads

carry people and products to and from Los Angeles.

Many

trucks travel within Los Angeles carrying products to the homes, stores, offices, and industries.

They also bring

things to Los Angeles and take things out of the city. Every hour of the day airplanes come and go at our airports. All of these ways of travel— the ships, trains, trucks, and airplanes— are part of the commerce of Los Angeles.

Many

people are kept busy seeing that things keep moving within our city.

Others keep busy moving needed things into and

out of our area. There are still many important ways that people earn a living.

Men and women are busy seeing that we have good

water, gas, electric, and telephone service.

Doctors,

dentists, nurses, and other workers are serving us in the clinics and hospitals.

People like to visit our Los Angeles

because of the nice weather and many things to enjoy. are kept busy serving and entertaining our visitors. of the Los Angeles area is good for growing foods.

Many Much

Many

49 foods that we eat come from right here at home. What can you add to our list?

There are still many

other ways to earn a living in Los Angeles.

What do your ,

parents do to earn a living for the family?

Perhaps some of

you help the family by working after school.

After school

days are over each of you will become a worker in our city. Have you thought about what you will do to earn a living? PROCEDURES AND EVALUATIONS Read and Discuss Together Lesson 7: Earning a Living in Los Angeles. New Words - Study these words so that you know them when you see them and can spell them. 1. earn 2. 5. commerce

work

3.

business

4.

Industry

Word Pile - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of new words mastery. total new words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the missing words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Many persons must a living to support a family. One must in order to earn a living. The persons who own stores are men. Building airplanes is an important ' . Trucks take ano. important part in the

Alphabetize - Put these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. 5. 9.

earn 2.work 3. business 4. commerce 6. persons 7. people important 10. moving

industry 8. stores

50 Mat oiling - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

earn work business indus try commerce

Write the correct

a place for selling products or services a big business or group of businesses to get by working to be busy, but not playing the moving of products

Find Little Words - Find and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. 5. 9.

earn 2. work 3. business 4. industry commerce 6. persons 7. stores 8. important postmen 10. dentists

Periods and Question Marks - If it is a question, end the sentence with a question mark. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

How do your parents earn a living Everyone must earn a living sometime We thank those who earn a living whilewe go to school How would you like to earn a living What businesses and industries are nearyour home

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today. Dictionary Work - Find each new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used in the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pupil-feacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and citizenship for the' day.'

LESSON 8 LOS ANGELES HAS A HISTORY AND A FUTURE ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Unde rs tanding The future of a city depends on the efforts of the citizens of the city. Attitudes and Appreciations 1. 2.

Appreciation and awareness of the forces and people that started and huilt the city. Growth in the desire to be the kind of citizen that works for a better and better city each day.

Basic Skills Speaking 1. 2.

Correct pronunciation of the key words— history, families, problems, grow, future. Correct expression in complete thoughts during discus­ sions.

Reading 1. 2. 3.

Meaning, recognition, and mastery of the key words. Correct reading— phrasing, pronunciation, emphases— of the reading exercise. Effective unit reading. a. Assimilative Getting the central thought and details of the reading exercise. Getting the necessary directions for the written work on the lesson. b. Locational Using the dictionary to find the key words of the lesson. Locating the facts In the reading for use in the written work.

Writing 1.

Alphabetizing correctly in the written exercise.

52 2. 5. 4. 5. 6.

Writing legibly for the word file and the exercises. Spelling the five key words correctly. Punctuating correctly in all exercises. Capitalizing correctly in all exercises. Using the correct form in all written exercises.

Abilities 1. 2.

Ability to use good study and work habits. Ability to participate in class activities in the American democratic way.

Effective Thinking 1. 2.

Application of knowledge and skills in the written and oral work. Application of knowledge and skills in daily living outside the classroom. THE READING- EXERCISE Our exploring of Los Angeles in the classroom is

coming to an end.

We have seen more clearly the great and

wonderful city that is our home. city began and how it grew.

We should know how our

How much of the history of Los

Angeles do you remember? It was September 4, 1781 that the first persons settled and began Los Angeles.

Before their coming no one

but Indians had lived in the area. ers had come into the area.

But now Spanish explor­

They found the place that is

now Los Angeles and-saw that it was a good place for a large settlement.

These explorers brought a small group of

families from Mexico to start the settlement.

The Plaza is

the place where these families first settled.

The town was

named nEl Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles

53 de la Poreiuneula. "

This means “The Town of Our Lady the

Queen of the Angels of the Poreiuneula."

We can be glad

that later the name was made shorter and became just "Los Angeles." So the town began that was to become our Los Angeles of today.

The first public building in the town was the

Plaza,Church.

This still stands and is used today.

first families built their homes of adobe bricks. church too was built of adobe. to make the town grow.

Since the Spanish explorers began Later Mexico took the

Finally more and more Americans came

and settled in the area. became United States land. state.

The

More families kept coming

the town, the area belonged to Spain. town from the Spanish.

The

Battles were fought and California In 1850 California became a

This made the growing Los Angeles a city of the

United States. Thousands of Americans came into California when it became a state.

Many found their way to Los Angeles and

stayed because of the fine weather and good land. kept growing and soon was to become a big city.

The town Churches,

business buildings, theaters, and homes were ,increasing in number.

Universities and other schools were started.

and playgrounds were planned and begun.

Parks

One by one all of

the things that make our city what it is today came into being.

This is the history of Los Angeles.

This is the

54 story of how Los Angeles began and how it has grown. Today our city is still growing.

With this growth

from a small settlement to a big city came maiiy problems. Many of these problems are with us today.

There is the

problem of providing homes for all the families.

Our

streets and highways almost have become unable to handle the great amount of traffic. our city must be found.

Hew ways of bringing more water to More electric power must be made to

light our homes and run our businesses and industries.

We

must work harder to have law and order and a good, clean, happy city in which to live. problems that Los Angeles has.

These are only a few of many A good government and good

citizens working together will be able to solve these problems. The future of our city depends on you. to be a good citizen.

You must do your best each day to

make Los. Angeles a better place to live. student now.

You must want

You must be a good

When school is finished, you must become a

hard working, active adult in the city. the many problems that the city has. Angeles depends on you.

You must help solve

Yes, the future of Los

What part will you play in that

future? PROCEDURES AMD EVALUATIOHS Read and Discuss Together

55 Lesson 8: Los Angeles Has a History and a Future. New Words - Study these words so that you know them when you see them and can spell them. 1. 5.

history future

2.

families

3.

problems

4.

growing

Word File - Write each new word for your word box file. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of new words mastery. total hew words score.

Emphasize

Completion - Write these sentences and add the missing words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The ____ of our city tells the story of its past. A small number of ________ began Los Angeles. We can help solve the of our city. Los Angeles is still a city that is _________. The _______ of Los Angeles depends upon us.

Alphabetize - Put these words in order and mark the number of times your voice moves when you say the word. 1. 5. 9.

history 2. families future 6. settlement depends 10. solve

3. problems 4. growing 7. American 8. thousands

Matching - Write your list of new words. meaning after each word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

history families problems growing future

Write the correct

questions to be solved the story of the past the time yet to come parents and their children getting bigger

Find Little Words - Find and make a list of the little words that you find within these big words. 1. ' history 2, families 3* problems 4. 5. settlement 6. American 7. thousands 9. Spanish 10. town

growing 8. depends

Subjects and Predicates - Add a subject or predicate, which­ ever the sentence needs. 1.

began in the year 1781.

56 2. 3. 4. 5.

Our city is _____ Los Angeles. The size of our city still . _____ will he solved’by the "citizens. The The future of Los Angeles _________ on you.

Make Your Own Sentences - Write sentences or a story of your own using each new word for today. Dictionary Work - Find each new word in the dictionary. Write the word and its meaning, as used in the story, in your dictionary notebook. Pupil-Teacher evaluation of exercises, work habits, and citizenship for the day.

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