Yale-G First Aid: Crush USMLE Step 2 CK and Step 3 [6th Edition]
This is the latest version of Yale-G's First Aid...Ed6 in the Kindle format updated as of Nov. 8, 2019. Added: Bett
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- Magdalini Tsintou
- Matthew Warner
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Citation preview
© Yale-G First Aid (6th Edition)
YALE-G FIRST AID:
CRUSH USMLE STEP 2 CK AND Step 3 (Sixth Edition) YALE GONG, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Neurology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland
© Yale-G First Aid (6th Edition)
Reviewers Magdalini Tsintou, MD Neurologist and Faculty Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Matthew A. Warner, MD Anesthesiologist and Faculty Mayo Medical School & Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
Acknowledgments
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
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© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 2: Cardiovascular Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 3: Respiratory Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 4: Digestive and Nutritional Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 5: Endocrinology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunologic Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid (5th Edition)
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 7: Renal, Urogenital, Acid-base & Electrolyte Disorders
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 8: Musculoskeletal Diseases
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 9: Neurology and Special Senses
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 10: Dermatology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 11: Gynecology
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 12: Obstetrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 13: Pediatrics
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 14: Emergency Medicine
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 15: Surgery
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 16: Psychiatry
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Prevent-Med, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
© Yale-G First Aid
Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Chapter 17: Epidemiology, Prevent-Med, Biostatistics, and Ethics
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Normal Lab Values
Normal Laboratory Values of Importance Hematology Reference Values Note: Reference values for commonly applied laboratory tests are listed in traditional units and in SI units. The tables are a guideline only. Values are method-dependent and may vary between laboratories.
Determination
Normal Reference Value
Blood, Plasma or Serum Ammonia (NH3) - diffusion Amylase Anion gap (Na+- [Cl- + HCO3 ]) (P) Bicarbonate Arterial Venous Bilirubin Conjugated (direct) Total Calcitonin Calcium Total Ionized Carbon dioxide content (plasma) Chloride Coagulation screen Bleeding time Clotting time Prothrombin time Partial thromboplastin time (activated) Glucose, fasting Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral)
Conventional units 20-120 µg/dL 35-118 IU/L 7-16 mEq/L
SI units 12-70 µmol/L 0.58-1.97 µkat/L 7-16 mmol/L
21 28 mEq/L 22 29 mEq/L
21 28 mmol/L 22 29 mmol/L
0.2-0.4 mg/dL < 1.5 mg/dl < 100 pg/ml
4-7 µmol/L < 20 µmol/L < 100 ng/L
8.6 10.3 mg/dL 4.4 5.1 mg/dL
2.2 2.74 mmol/L 1 1.3 mmol/L
21 32 mmol/L
21 32 mmol/L
95 110 mEq/L
95 110 mmol/L
< 9 min 5-15 min 10 13 sec 22 37 sec
< 540 sec 5-15 min 10 13 sec 22 37 sec
65 115 mg/dL
3.6 6.3 mmol/L
Nor mal Fasting
(mg/dL) Diabeti c
70 105
60 min
120 100 140
120 min
70 120
Hematologic Tests Fibrinogen Hematocrit (Hct) female
rmal
(mmol/L) Diabet ic
3.9
> 140
170 90 min
No 5.8 6.7
200
9.4 5.6
200
7.8 3.9
140
6.7
200 400 mg/dL
> 7.8 11.1 11.1 7.8
2 4 g/L
36%-44.6%
0.36 0.45 fraction of 1
male
40.7%-50.3%
0.4 0.5 fraction of 1
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Normal Lab Values
Hemoglobin A 1C Hemoglobin (Hb) female male Leukocyte count (WBC) Erythrocyte count (RBC) female male Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrate (MCHC) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sedrate, ESR) Reticulocytes erythrocytes Platelet count
5.3%-6.5% of total
0.053 0.065
12.1 15.3 g/dL 13.8 17.5 g/dL 3800 9800/µL
121 153 g/L 138 175 g/L 3.8 9.8 x 109/L
Hgb
6
3.5 5 x 10 /µL 6 4.3 5.9x10 /µL 3 80 97.6 mcm 27 33 pg/cell
12
3.5 5 x 10 /L 12 4.3 5.9 x 10 /L 80 97.6 fL 1.66 2.09 fmol/cell
33 36 g/dL
20.3 22 mmol/L
30 mm/hr 0.5%-1.5% 3 150 450x10 /µL
30 mm/hr 0.005 0.015 9 150 450x10 /L
Erythrocyte enzymes Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) Iron: Fem ale Mal e Ferritin Iron binding capacity Folic acid: normal Vitamin B12 Lactate dehydrogenase Lactic acid (lactate) Lead Lipase Magnesium
250 5000 IU/106 cells
30 160 µg/dL 45 160 µg/dL 10 383 ng/mL 220 420 µg/dL >3. 12.4 ng/mL 223 1132 pg/mL
250 5000 µIU/cell
5.4 31.3 µmol/L 8.1 31.3 µmol/L 23 862 pmol/L 39.4 75.2 mcmol/L 7 28.1 nmol/L 165 835 pmol/L
100 250 IU/L 6 19 mg/dL 50 µg/dL 10 150 IU/L 1.3 2.2 mEq/L
1.67 4.17 µkat/L 0.7 2.1 mmol/L 2.41 µmol/L 10 150 IU/L 0.65 1.1 mmol/L
280 300 mOsm/kg
280 300 mmol/kg
94%-100%
0.94 -fraction of 1
35 45 mmHg 7.35 7.45
4.7 6 kPa 7.35 7.45
PO2, arterial: Breathing room air On 100% O2 Potassium
80 105 mmHg > 500 mmHg 3.5 5 mEq/L
10.6 14 kPa
Prostate specific antigen
0 4 ng/mL
0 4 ng/mL
Protein: Total Albumin Globulin Rheumatoid factor
6 8 g/dL 3.6 5 g/dL 2.3 3.5 g/dL < 60 IU/mL
60 80 g/L 36 50 g/L 23 35 g/L < 60 kIU/L
Osmolality Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Oxygen saturation (arterial) PCO2, arterial pH, arterial
3.5 5 mmol/L
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Normal Lab Values
Sodium Testosterone Female Male Thyroid Hormone Function Tests: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroxine-binding globulin capacity (TBG) Total triiodothyronine (T3) Total thyroxine by RIA (T4) T3 resin uptake Transaminase: AST (SGOT) ALT (SGPT) Urea nitrogen (BUN) Uric acid
135 147 mEq/L
135 147 mmol/L
6 86 ng/dL 270 1070 ng/dL
0.21 3 nmol/L 9.3 37 nmol/L
0.35 6.2 µU/mL
0.35 6.2 mU/L
10 26 µg/dL
100 260 mcg/L 1.2 3.4 nmol/L 51 142 nmol/L 0.25 0.38 fraction
75 220 ng/dL 4 11 µg/dL 25%-38%
of 1
11 47 IU/L 7 53 IU/L 8 25 mg/dL
0.18 0.78 µkat/L 0.12 0.88 µkat/L 2.9 8.9 mmol/L
3 8 mg/dL
179 476 µmol/L
Urine Determination Calcium Catecholamines, 24-hr Creatinine: Female Male
Conventional units 50 250 µg/day < 110 µg
SI units 1.25 6.25 mmol/day < 650 nmol
0.6 1.5 g/day 0.8 1.8 g/day
5.3 13.3 mmol/day 7.1 15.9 mmol/day
pH Protein Total Phosphate Potassium Sodium Specific gravity, random
4.5 8
4.5 8
< 150 mg/24h 0.9 1.3 g/day 25 100mEq/day 100 250 mEq/day 1.002 1.030
< 0.15 g/day 29 42 mmol/day 25 100 mmol/day 100 250 mmol/day 1.002 1.030
Uric acid, 24-hr
250 750 mg
1.48 4.43 mmol
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Abbreviations
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Abbreviations
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Abbreviations
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Abbreviations
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Abbreviations