Woods, Wolds and Groves: The woodland of medieval Warwickshire 9780860549338, 9781407318998

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Preface
Abbreviations
Frontispiece
Chapter One INTRODUCTION: "VERY OLD ARE THE WOODS"
Chapter Two THE WOODLAND OF SOUTH AND EAST WARWICKSHIRE 1086-1500
Chapter Three THE WOODLAND OF NORTH AND WEST WARWICKSHIRE 1086-1500: A PARISH SURVEY
Chapter Four THE WOODLAND OF NORTH AND WEST WARWICKSHIRE 1086-1500: AN ANALYSIS
Chapter Five THE WOODLAND OF WARWICKSHIRE IN THE EARLY MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Chapter Six WOODLAND AND REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN TOPOGRAPHY
Chapter Seven CONCLUSIONS: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
APPENDICES
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Citation preview

Woods, Wolds and Groves The woodland of medieval Warwickshire

Sarah J. Wager

BAR British Series 269 1998

Published in 2019 by BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR British Series 269

Woods, Wolds and Groves © Sarah J. Wager and the Publisher 1998 The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780860549338 paperback ISBN 9781407318998 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860549338 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com BAR Publishing is the trading name of British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd. British Archaeological Reports was first incorporated in 1974 to publish the BAR Series, International and British. In 1992 Hadrian Books Ltd became part of the BAR group. This volume was originally published by John and Erica Hedges in conjunction with British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd / Hadrian Books Ltd, the Series principal publisher, in 1998. This present volume is published by BAR Publishing, 2019.

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CONTENTS L i s to ff i gure s

p age

P reface

i i i v

Abbrev ia t ion s Chap ter One : I n troduc t ion : " Very o ld a re t he w ood s" T he i n sp i ra t ion A im s D ef in i t ion so fw ood land Wo rd sf o rw ood land C h rono log ica lt e rm s T he c oun ty o f Wa rw ick sh i re T he p hy s ica lb ackg round Un i t s f o r t h e s t udy o f t opog raph i ca l h i s to ry D ocum en ta ry e v idence O the rs ou rce so fe v idence Chap ter Two : T he w ood land o fs ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh ire 1 086 -1500 D ome sday B ook Wood land i nt h e l a te rm ed ieva lp e r iod L a te rm ed ieva lt imbe rs upp l ie s C on tempo ra ry c ommen t sc . 1500 C hange a nd c on t inu i ty : t h e p re serva t ion o fw ood s C onc lu s ion s

1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 7

1 0 1 0 1 3 1 8 1 8 2 0 2 3

Chap ter T hree : T he w ood land o f n or th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh ire 1 086 -1500 : ap ar i sh s urvey I n t roduc t ion S t ra t f o rd -upon -Avon B in ton G raf ton H a se lo r H amp ton L ucy Warw ick a nd Wedgnock Woodco te a nd L eek Woo ton t K en i lwo r th A show S tone le igh B ag in ton W i lenha l l l B in ley ,B randon , B r ink low a nd C ombe T he C oven t ry a r ea B edwo r th C h i lve r sC o ton Nunea ton C a ldeco te A the r s tone ,O ldbu ry a nd Mance te r t H a r t sh i la nd An s ley l Me reva le G rendon P o le swo r th ,F rea s ley a nd B adde s ley E n so r T amwor th

2 7 2 7 2 7 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 3 0 3 2 3 2 3 5 3 7 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 6

King sbu ry M idd le ton S u ton C o ldf i e ld t W i shaw a nd Mc od iu l l C u rdwor th a nd M inwo r th E rd ing ton A s ton S h e ldon B i ck enh i la nd Ma r s ton C u ly l C o le sh i l l S hu s tok e B en t ley Max s toke A r ley F i long ley l C o r ley A l spa th a nd Mer id en P a ck ing ton H amp ton in -A rden S o l ihu l l B a r s ton K now le B a l sa l l B e rk swe l l P a ckwood T anwo r th in -A rden N u thu r s t L apwo r th a nd B u shwood B adde s ley C l in ton Wroxa l l R ow ing ton S h r ew ley H a se ley B eau sa le H on i ley H a ton t B udb rooke a nd L aG rave Woo ton Wawen t B eaud e se r t P re s ton B ago t C lave rdon Wo lve r ton B ea r ley S n i t e rf ie ld t A s ton C an t low A ln e Mo r ton B ago t S pema l l S t ud ley S amboume C ough ton A lce s te r A row a nd O ve r s ley r Wee th ley S a lf o rd B idf o rd

5 4 5 5 5 6 5 8 5 8 6 0 6 0 6 1 6 1

Chap ter F our :

6 2

w e s t Warw ick sh ire 1 086 -1500 : a na na ly s i s

6 3 6 5 6 7 6 9 7 0 7 1 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 4 7 5 7 5 7 6 7 6 7 8 7 9 8 0 8 0 8 1 8 3 8 4 8 6 8 8 9 0 9 0 9 2 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 1 00 1 00 1 01 1 02 1 04 1 04 1 05 1 07 1 07 1 08 1 08 1 09 1 09 1 09 12 12 12 13 15 16 17 18

T he w ood land o f n or th a nd 1 37

I n t roduc t ion T h e s i lva o f D om e sday B ook a nd l a t e r m ed ieva lw ood land L a t e rm ed ieva lw ood p a s tu re T h ed i sappea rance o fw ood land Wood sw i th in w ood s : m ed ieva lc opp ice s T he h ay so fn or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e G rove s Wood land c l ea rance a nd t h e my th o f c o lon iza t ion P a rk s F o r e s t s C onc lu s ion s

1 37 1 38 1 39 1 41 1 41 1 42 1 46 1 46 1 46 1 47

C hap ter F ive : T he w ood land o f Warw ick sh ire i nt he e ar ly m ed ieva lp er iod I n t roduc t ion E a r ly m ed ieva lc ha r te r s P lace -name sa st opog raph ica le v idence P lace -name si n c lud ing l e ah P lace -name si n c lud ing h y r s t T h ew o ld so f Warw ick sh i re O ld E ng l i sh w o rd s f o r w ood i n m ino r p l ace -name s

1 62 1 63

T he d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land A rden ,F e ldon a nd Wood land I n t e r common ing i nw ood s P r ima ry a nd s e conda ry w ood land : i f th a nd s i x th c en tu r ie s f C onc lu s ion s

1 65 1 66 1 68

a nd

t h e 1 70 1 71

r eg iona l

S e t lem en t t L and u se R eg iona lv a r ie ty i nw ood land R eg iona l v a r ia t ion s i n Wa rw ick sh i re : f i e ld sa nd s e t lemen t s t Warw ick sh i re 's w ood land a nd r e g iona l v a r ia t ion si nr u ra lt opog raphy Chap ter S even : C onc lu s ion s : c on t inu i ty a nd c hange A im sa nd o b jec t ive s : t h er e su l t s C on t inu i ty a nd c hange i n t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land C on t inu i ty a nd c hange i nt h e m anagem en t a nd a ppea rance o fw ood s

1 77 1 77 1 78 1 80 1 81 1 82 1 84 1 87

1 93 1 93 1 94 1 96

Append ice s A ppend ix 1 :

G aze teer o f r e corded m ed ieva l t

w ood si nW arw ick sh i re

1 99

A ppend ix 2 : E v idence o f w ood land i n W arw ick sh i re s ou th a nd e a s to ft h eR ive rA von i n t h el a ter m ed ieva lp e r iod

a pparen t ly i n c lud ing l e ah a nd h y r s t

2 54

A ppend ix 4 : T he w o ld so fW arw ick sh ire

2 56

A ppend ix 5 : H ay s

2 58

A ppend ix 6 : Managemen t o ft wo c opp ice w ood s

1 50 1 50 1 51 1 52 1 54 1 57 1 57

g raf a nd G raf ton , w udu a nd Woo ton t

C hap ter S ix : Wood land v ar ia t ion si nt opography I n t roduc t ion O pen f i e ld s

A ppend ix 3 : P lace -name s s ugge s t ive o f w ood land i ns ou th a nd e a s t W arw ick sh i re i nt h e e ar ly m ed ieva l p e r iod : m inor p lace -name s

1 37

2 50

1

i nW arw ick sh i re i nt h em id -f if t een th c en tury

2 59

B ib l iography

2 60

L i s to f Figure s

F ig . 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0 6 1

F ron t i sp iece : Wa rw ick sh i re : i n f er x ten tc . 1086 ,w i th red e a nc ien te cc le s ia s t ica lp a r i she s F ig . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

We s tg rove Uf ton a nd L ong I t ch ing ton Wood s R a t ley B a r f o rd -We s tham T ho rn ton Wood a nd Wa lco tG rove Wood land i n Wa rw ick sh i re s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h eR ive rA von , 1 086 -c .1500 C he s t e r ton Wood O ak ley Wood

p age 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 6

6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7

1 7 1 9 2 0 2 0

S o l ihu l -S he ley a nd S ou thay l l B a r s ton a nd H enwood Know le B a l sa la nd B e rk swe l l l B e rk swe l l P ackwood T anwo r th in -A rd en ( s ou th ) Nu thu r s t L apwo r th a nd B u shwood B adde s ley C l in ton , Wroxa la nd l R ow ing ton Wood A sp ley a nd S h rew ley Wood s H a se ley , B eau sa le a nd H a ton t H on i ley B udb rooke Woo ton Wawen -F o rwood a nd O f o rd t f Woo ton Wawen -A sp ley , Mock ley a nd t U lenha l l l B eaude se r t P re s ton B ago t ,C lave rdon , L ang l ey , S onga ra nd P in ley B ea r ley a nd S n i te rf i e ld t A lne S pe rna la nd Mor ton B ago t l S tud ley S amboume , C ough ton a nd A lce s te r A row a nd O ve r s ley r Wee th ley S a lf o rd P r io r s M ino rp l ace -nam e sp robab ly i n c lud ing l e ah a nd h y r s ts ou th a nd e a s to ft h er i ve r A von Wa rw ick sh i r e ' sw o ld s S n i t e r f ie ld a nd Wo lve r ton Wo ld s t B i shop ' sI t ch ing ton ,K ing s ton a nd G aydon Wo ld s K ine ton ' s Wo ld S ou tham , L adb roke a nd N ap ton Wo ld s H op sf o rd ' s Wo ld a nd w e s t Wo lvey Wo ld si n Wo lvey , W i thyb rook ,W ib tof t a nd W i ley l

p age 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 9 9 0 9 1 9 3 9 5 9 7 9 9 1 00 1 0 1 1 02

1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8

T he L ee G rove T he w ood so fR y ton -on -Dun smo re , B ubbenha l , S t re ton -on -Dun smo re a nd l t Wappenbu ry We le sbou rne Wood l G raf ton a nd H a se lo r H amp ton Wood Wa rw ick , Wedgnock , Woodco te a nd Wood low K en i lwo r th K en i lwo r th ( we s t ) A show S tone le igh ( s ou th )a nd We s ton Wood

1 9 2 0 2 1

S tone le igh S ton e le igh ( c en t ra l ) B ag in ton

2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8

B in ley ,B randon a nd W i lenha l l l B r ink low a nd C ombe T he C oven t ry a r ea S owe a nd F o le sh i l l A s th i la nd H o rwe l l l P in ley A le s ley ( e a s t )a nd C oundon l B edwo r th C h i lve r sC o ton Nunea ton a nd C a ldeco te Wood A the r s tone , O ldbu ry , Mance t e r ,H a r t sh i l t l G rendon Wood a nd B adde s ley E n so r F rea s ley Am ing ton a nd A lveco te T amwo r th -S t re tf o rd K ing sbu ry M idd le ton , S u ton C o ldf i e ld ( e a s t )a nd t

4 3 4 5 4 8 4 9 5 1

3 9 4 0

W i shaw S u ton C o ldf i e ld t C u rdwo r th

6 6 6 8 6 9

* r ep roduced b y k ind p e rm is f Wa rw ick sh i r e C oun ty sion o R eco rd O f ice f

4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6

M inwor th a nd B erwood S he ldon a nd C o le sh i l( we s t ) l B ickenh i l l S hu s toke Max s toke a nd P ack ing ton A r ley Wood

C onven t ion sc ommon t oa lm ap s l

4 7 4 8

F i long ley a nd K inwa l sey l C o r ley

4 9 5 0 5 1

A l spa th a nd Me r iden H amp ton in -A rden S o l ihu la nd T anwor th in -A rden l

7 0 7 2 7 3 7 5 7 6 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 9

1 1 2 1 3 1 4

2 1 2 2 2 9

6 8 6 9

3 0

7 0

3 1 3 3 3 5 3 6

7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4

3 7 3 9 4 1

7 5 7 6 7 7

4 2

7 8

7 9 8 0 8 1

5 2 5 3 5 4 5 6 5 7

8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5

5 9 6 1

8 6

6 2 6 3

87

6 3 6 4

8 8 89 9 0

E x t rac t sf r om l i s to ff i rewood s o ld i n Meg rewod e , 1 425 -6* D eed , Wa l ton , c . 1196* D eed ,E t ing ton ,c . 1246 -59* t D eed , C ough ton , c . 1241* L i s to fw ood sc u ti nO ld F i long ley* l

1 03 1 04 1 06 1 07 1 09 10 11 14 16 17 17

1 56 1 58 1 59 1 59 1 60 1 6 1 1 61 1 62 2 78 2 79 2 79 '2 80 2 80

a nc ien t e cc le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh b ounda ry ( t aken f r om i the m ap s o r , i nd ef au l to ft h e se , o l de s ta te m ap s o r t O rdnan ce S u rvey m ap s ) b ounda ry b e tween t own sh ip s w i th in ( s ou rce sa sf o rp a r i sh b ounda r ie s ) ?

8 1 8 2 i i

p a r i she s

s ugge s t s as i te t a ken n o t f r om am ap b u t i n f er red f r om o th e rd ocum en ta ry s ou r ce s

Mu seum k i nd ly g ave m e a ces o t h e Mu seum ' s n a tu ra l c s t h i s to ry r e co rd s .

PREFACE T h i s b ook i s e sen t ia ly t h e t h e s i s w r i t en u nd e r t h e s l t s up er v i s ion o fD r . S .R . B as t o ft h e S choo l o fH i s to ry i n se t t h eU n ive r s i ty o fB i rm ingham a nd a cep t ed f o rt h e d eg r ee o f c D oc to r o fP h i lo sophy i n 1 996 . D r . B as t ' s u nf a i l ing h e lp , se t g u idan ce a nd i n t e r e s ta r e mo s tg r a tef u ly a cknow ledged . l

P e rm is ot a ke a nd r e p roduce p ho tog raph s o fd ocum en t s sion t w a sk i nd ly g i ven b y Wa rw i ck sh i re C oun ty R eco rd O ff i ce . T h em ap sw e r ed r awn b yM r . H . B ug las s. M r . R . S and land k i nd ly g ave m e p e rm is ov i s i t Wa l ton sion t Wood a nd S i rR icha rd H am i l ton t ov i s i tT ho rn ton Wood .

Af ew a dd i t ion sh ave b een m ad e s i n ce t h et h e s i sw a sw r i t en , t i nt h e l i gh t o ff u r the r r e sea r ch a nd s ugge s t ion s m ad e b y t h e e xam in e r so ft h et h e s i s . R e spon s ib i l i ty f o ra ny e ro r s o ff a c t r o ri n t e rp r e t a t ion r e s t sw i th m e .

T h e w o rk o ft h e Wa rw ick sh i r e W i ld l if e T ru s t i nc on se rv ing s om e o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s r ema in ing m ed ieva l w ood s i s a cknow ledged i n t h e t e x t . Ia m g r a t ef u l t o t h e T ru s t ' s D i r ec to r ,D r .T a sk e r , f o rh i si n t e re s ti nt h i sb ook .

D r . R ackham ' s r e sea r ch a nd b ook s f i r s t s t imu la t ed my i n t e r e s ti na n c ien tw ood s . My o wn s t udy o fH amp ton Wood a nd P rof es rD ye r ' s r e sea rch i n to P endock ( Wo r ce s t e r sh i r e ) so h e lped t o p r omp t t h e q ue s t ion s a bou t D om e sday B ook ' s r e co rd o fw ood land w h ich l e dt ot h er e sea r ch f o rt h i sb ook .

T h e i n t e r e s t a nd e n cou ragem en t o ff am i ly a nd f r i end s h ave b een much a pp rec ia t ed . Ia m e spec ia ly g r a t ef u l t ot h o se l w ho w e lcom ed m e t oH amp ton Wood , t a ugh t m e a bou t i t s w i ld l if e a nd m anagem en t , a nd e ncou raged m e t o w r i t e i t s h i s to ry , w h ich b egan t h e r e sea r ch d e sc r ibed i nt h e f o low ing l p age s .

T h e t h e s i s d r ew o n d e ta i led d ocum en ta ry r e sea r ch i n al a rge n umbe r o fr e co rd r e po s i to r ie s a nd l i b ra r ie s f o r w ho se h e lp a nd a dv ice Ia mv e ry g r a t ef u l . T hank sa r ed ue s p ec if i ca ly t o l s t af fB i rm ingham R ef e r ence L ib ra ry ,t h eB od l e ian L ib r ar y f o i n O xf o rd , t h e B r i t i sh L ib ra ry , C amb r idge U n ive r s i ty L ib ra ry , C oven t ry R eco rd O ff i ce , D evon R eco rd O f ice , f G lou ce s t e r sh i r e R eco rd O ff i ce , H e r ef o rd a nd Wo r ce s t e r R eco rd O f i c e ( S t . H e l e n ' s B r a n c h ) , t h e J o h n R y l a n d s f U n ive r s i ty L ib ra ry o f Man ch e s t e r , K ing ' s C o lege i n l C amb r idge , L e ice s t e r sh i r e R eco rd O f ice , L i chf i e ld J o in t f R eco rd O ff i ce , Magda len C o lege i n O xf o rd , l N o r thamp ton sh i r e R eco rd O ff i ce , Un ive r s i ty o fN o t ingham t L ib ra ry , N un ea ton P ub l ic L ib ra ry , t h e P ub l ic R eco rd O ff i ce , T h e Q ueen ' s C o lege i nO xf o rd , t h e S hake spea r e B i r thp lace l T ru s t R eco rd s O f ice i nS t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon , S t af rd sh i r e f fo C oun ty R e co rd O ff i ce , Wa l sa l L oca l H i s to ry C en t r e , l Wa rw ick sh i r e C oun ty R eco rd O ff i ce , We s tm in s t e r A bbey , a nd t h e W i l iam S a l t L ib ra ry i nS t af rd . A r ch iv i s t s a tt h e l fo Wa rw ick sh i r e C oun ty R eco rd O ff i ce , t h e S hak e spea r e B i r thp lace T ru s t R eco rd s O ff i ce a nd t h e C oven t ry R eco rd O ff i ce i n p a r t icu la r d r ew a ten t ion t o p o t en t ia ly u sef u l t l s ou r ce s . T h e P ub l ic R eco rd O ff i ce m ad e s p ec ia l a rangem en t s f o r t h e p roduc t ion o f l a rge n umbe r s o f r d ocum en t s . P e rm is oe xam ine s om e o ft h e m anu sc r ip t s sion t a t Me r eva l e H a l w a s k i nd ly g i ven b y S i r W i l iam D ugda l e l l a nd a ranged b yM r s .M . May . r

S arah J .W ag e r J anuar y , 1 998

Ia m a l so g r ea t ly i n d eb t ed t ot h e m any s cho la r s w ho h ave w o rk ed o n r e co rd s o f m ed ieva l Wa rw ick sh i r e p r ev iou s ly , e d i t ing d ocum en t sf o rp ub l ica t ion o ro b ta in ing m ic rof i lm s o f t h em a nd t h e r eby m ak ing t h em mo r e a ces l e f o r o t he r s , c sib o r , i nt h e i rs t ud ie s o ft h e t o pog raph ica l , e conom i c a nd s o c ia l h i s to ry o f t h e c oun ty , d r aw ing a t en t ion t o s ou r ce s o f t p o t en t ia l u s e f o r t h i s s t udy . I n a dd i t ion , Ia m g r a t ef u l f o r a dv i ce o n t h e e x i s t en ce a nd l o ca t ion o fv a r iou s u npub l i sh ed d ocum en t s f r om P rof es r C .C . D ye r , D r . N .W . A lcock a nd so t h el a t eM r .C ha r le sI v in . Wa rw i ck sh i r e C oun ty C oun c i l ' s S i t e s a nd Monum en t s R eco rd w a sh e lpf u li np rov id ing i n f o rm a t ion o ns p ec if i cs i t e s a nd Ia mg r a t ef u lt oM is .J on e s , t h e S i t e s a nd Monum en t s s E R eco rd O ff i ce r . M s . P . C op son o f t h e Wa rw ick sh i r e i v

Abbrev ia t ion s BD B .L .

B rom ley D avenpor t Manu sc r ip t si nt h eJ ohn R y land sU n ive r s i ty L ib ra ry o f Manche s te r . B r i t i sh L ib ra ry .

B ook o fS ea l s B .R .L .

t S i rC hr i s topher H a ton ' sB ook o f Sea l s( e d . L .C . L oyd a nd D .M . S t en ton , 1 950 ) . B i rm ingham R ef e rence L ib ra ry .

C .B .A . C .R .O .

C ounc i lf o rB r i t i sh A rchaeo logy . C oven t ry R eco rd O ff i ce .

DB

ri D ome sday B ook . 2 3 . W arw ick sh i re ( e d . J .Mor s , 1 976 )w h ich r e p roduce st h et r an sc r ip t ion i n sion D ome sday B ook ( Reco rd C omm is , 1 783 ) a nd g i ve st h ef o l ia t ion f r om t h eo r ig ina l . W . Dugda le , T he A n t iqu i t ie so fW arw ick sh ire ( r ev i sed e d i t ion , 1 730 ) . l W arw ick sh i re F ee to f Fine s , V o l . I( e d . F .C . We l s tood , D ugda le S oc ie ty , X I , 1 932 ) , V o l . I (e d . l I I F .C . We l s tood , Dugda le S oc ie ty , XV , 1 939 ) , V o l . I I( Dugda le S oc ie ty , XV I , 1 943 ) . T he se

D ugd a l e FF

F ormu lare

v o lume sg i ve a b s t rac t si nE ng l i sh ( w i th o cca s iona lq uo ta t ion s i nL a t in ) o ft h eo r ig ina l s , s o l whe re t h ey a r ec i ted t h eE ng l i sh t r an s la t ion i s usua ly g i ven i ns qua re b rack e t s . T . Madox ,F ormu lare A ng l icanum ( 1702 ) .

HR

l s o Hund red R o l sf o r 1 279 -80 . Un les t h e rw i se s t a ted , t h ec i ta t ion sa r e f r om t h ep r in ted e d i t ion ,

LC M . MSS .

l e d . T .J ohn , T he W arw ick sh i re Hund red R o l so f1 279 -80 : S tone l e igh a nd K ine ton H und red s ( ed . T .J ohn ,Br i t i sh A cademy R eco rd so fS oc ia la nd E conom ic H i s to ry ,N ew S e r ie sX IX , 1 992 ) . T he L ang ley C ar tu la ry ( ed . P .R . C os ugda le S oc ie ty , XXX I , 1 980 ) . s, D I M idd le ton Manu scr ip t s i nt h e Un ive r s i ty o f No t ingham . t

M in i s te r s 'A ccoun t s

M in i s ter s 'A ccoun t so f th e W arw ick sh i re E s ta t e so f th eD uke o fC larence 1 479 -80 ( ed . R .H . H i l ton ,D ugda le S oc ie ty P ub l ica t ion s XX I( 1952 ) ,b e ing at r an sc r ip to fP .R .O . , DL29 /642 / 10 ,421 .

Mona s t i con P .R .O . n . d . R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s

W . Dugda le , Mona s t icon A ng l icanum ( e d . J . Ca ley ,H . E l i s , a nd P .B and ine l , 1 849 ) . l P ub l ic R eco rd O f ice f n od a te ( r ef er ou nda ted d ocum en t s ) ring t R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s I( ed . B .R . K emp , C amden F ou r th S e r ie s , 3 1 , 1 986 ) .

R o lo fJ u s t ice s l

R o lo ft h eJ u s t ice s i nE y re . i nG louce s ter sh ire , W arw ick sh ire a nd S taf ord sh i re , 1 221 , 1 222 l f ( ed . D .M . S t en ton , S e lden S oc ie ty , L IX , 1 940 ) ,b e ing at r an sc r ip to ft h ee y r er o l si nt h eP .R .O . l R eco rd O ff i ce .

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Chapter IN T R O D U C TI O N:

"V E R Y

T he i n sp ira t ion T h i s s t udy s p rang f r om a f a sc ina t ion w i th t h e t h eory t h a t a nc ien t w ood s a r e a mong s t t h e mo s t e ndu r ing t o pog raph ica l nd f r om a p e r sona l f e a tu re s i n t h e E ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide 2 a i n t e res ti no ne o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s a nc ien tw ood s . T he h i s to ry nH amp ton L ucy , w a s s em ina l t ot h i s o fH amp ton Wood ,3 i s t udy b ecau se i tr a i sed q ue s t ion s a bou t t h e n a tu re a nd h ich w a s r e co rd ed f o r d i s t r ibu t ion o f t h e s i lva 4 w Wa rw ick sh i r ei nD om e sday B ook a nd t h er e la t ion sh ip o ft h a t s i lva t ol a t e r m ed ieva l w ood s . T he i d ea f o r t h i s s t udy w a s b orn w hen t h e i n adequacy o ft h e D om e sday r e co rd b ecam e a ppa ren t . I tw a s f u e led b y d oub t s o ve r t h e a dequacy a nd l a ccu ra cy o f an umbe r o f s t ud ie s , s om e o f w h ich h ad b een p ub l i shed b ef o r e d eve lopmen t s i n E ng l i sh t opog raph ica l h i s tory p rov ided an ew c on tex tf o rt h eh i s tory o fw ood land . A im s T he f i r s t a im o f t h e r e sea rch w a s t o s t udy t h e e x ten t a nd d i s t r ibu t ion o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w ood land i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva lp e r iod . T h i s w a s i n tended t ot e s tt h e a se r t ion t h a t s Wa rw ick sh i re s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e A von w a s " wood les n s" i on s ide r w he the r much o f t h e w ood land a leged ly 1 086 ,5 c l c ove r ing l a rge a r ea s o f n or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re w a s w ood p a s tu re , c on s ide r w he the r t h e re w a s a g ene ra l d i s t inc t ion b e tween c opp ice w ood s a nd w ood p a s tu re , a nd t r ace t h eh i s to ry o fi nd iv idua l a r ea s o fw ood land a sf a ra st h e d ocum en ta ry e v idence a . T he s e cond a im w a s t o lowed e xam ine t h e i mp l ica t ion s o ft h i s r e sea r ch f o r l a te r m ed ieva l a g r icu l tu re a nd s e t lemen t , i np a r t icu la r t oc on s ide r w he the r t t h e i n c r ea se i n a r ab le l a nd i n t h e t we lf th a nd t h i r teen th c en tu r ie s w a s a t t h e e xpen se o f w ood p a s tu re r a the r t h an c opp ice w ood s a nd t o q ue s t ion t h e u se o f t h e w o rd ' c o lon iza t ion ' i n r e la t ion t o t h e e xpan s ion o f c u l t iva t ion . T he se a im s a r e c ove red i nC hap te r s Two , T h ree a nd F ou r o f t h i s s t udy . T he t h i rd a im , t h e s ub jec t o fC hap t e r F ive , w a s t oe xam ine t h e e v idence f o r t h e e x t en t a nd d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land i n Warw ick sh i re d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod . I np a r t icu la r i tw a s i n tended t os e h ow f a rb ack t h e s e pa ra te t r ad i t ion s o f e c opp ice w ood s a nd w ood p a s tu re c ou ld b e t r aced , t e s t t h e r e levance o ft o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s t ot h e a im s o ft h e s t udy , c on s ide r t h e n om enc la tu re o fi nd iv idua l a r ea s o fw ood land , e xp lo re i n te rp re ta t ion o fc e r ta in p l ace -nam e a ppe la t ive s a nd l o t he r p l ace -name s a soc ia ted w i th w ood land , a nd a temp t t o s t t r ace t h e h i s to ry o fi nd iv idua l a r ea s o fw ood land b eyond t h e d ocum en ta ry e v idence i n o rde r t o c ompa re t h e e x t en t a nd d i s t r ibu t ion o f w ood land i n t h e e a r ly a nd l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod sr e spec t ive ly . I n t h e c ou r se o f t h a t c ompa r i son i tw a s i n tended t o s e e w he the r t h e r e w e re g round s f o r t h e t h eo ry t h a t c opp ice w ood s w e r e r e la t ive ly p ermanen t f e a tu r e s i n ac hang ing c oun t ry s ide w ho se w ood p a s tu re , i n c on t ra s t , m igh t h ave

One

OL D

A RE

TH E

W O O DS "

r e ve r ted f r om a r ab le l a nd o r w a s l i ab le t o c onve r s ion t o a g r icu l tu re a s ar e su l t o f c hange s i n p opu la t ion l e ve l s a nd o t he r e conom ic f a c to r s . I tw a s a l so h oped t o a ses h e s s t d eg ree o fc hange i nt h e t o pog raphy o f Wa rw ick sh i r e d u r ing t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod , w i th p ar t icu la r r e f e r ence t oi n d iv idua l a r ea s o f w ood land , a nd t o c on s ide r h ow , w hen a nd w hy d i f e r en t t r ad i t ion s o f w ood land m anagemen t e vo lved a nd f t h e e x t en t t ow h ich t h ey c oex i s ted i n Wa rw ick sh i r e . I tw a s a n t ic ipa t ed t h a tt h i sm igh t i n vo lve c ompa r ing t h e se t r ad i t ion s i nr e la t ion t ot h e l o ca t ion o f w ood s o n p a r t icu la r s o i l s , t h e p o s i t ion o fw ood s w i th in l a nd u n i t s , t h e o wne r sh ip o rt e nu r e o fw ood s a nd t h en om enc la tu r e o fw ood s . T h e f i na l a im w a s t o s ugge s t h ow t h e c onc lu s ion s o f t h e s t udy m igh t b e u sed i nt o pog raph ica l s t ud ie s o f o t he r a r ea s o fl ow land E ng land . T h i s a im i sc ove red l a rge ly i nr e la t ion t ot h e o r ig in s o fr e g iona l v ar ia t ion s i nt o pog raphy w h ich a r e d i scus n C hap te r S i x , a nd t h e t h eme o f c on t inu i ty a nd sed i c hange , c ove r ed i nC hap te r S even . D ef in i t ion s o fw ood land Wood land i su sed i nt h i s s t udy t oc ove r l a nd o n w h ich t r ee s h ave g rown n a tu ra ly t o f o rm t h e d om inan t v ege ta t ion . I t l e xc lude s p l an ta t ion s . T ree s d eve loped a st h e n a tu ra l c l imax o f b o tan ica l s u cces n mo s t p a r t s o f B r i ta in f r om sion i c . 10 ,000 B .C . a f t e r t h e e nd o ft h e l a s t I c e A ge . A s d i f e ren t f s pec ie s o f t r ee a ppea red d ur ing c l ima t ic c hange s i n s ucceed ing m i lenn ia , v a r ie t ie s o f w ood land g r ew , i n i t ia ly l l f r ee f r om h uman i n terven t ion . I ti st h ough t t h a t v i r tua ly l n one o f t h i s s o -ca led w i ldwood s urv ive s u nd i s tu rbed i n l s w h ich o ccupy l a nd w h ich h a s b een E ng land . 6 Wood c on t inuou s ly w ooded s i nce t h e p o s t -g lac ia l f o rma t ion o ft h e w i ldwood b u t w h ich h ave b een s ub jec t t o h uman m anagemen t a r e c a led p r ima ry . T h ey r e ta in n a tu ra l l v ege ta t ion i n he r i t ed f r om p reh i s to ry . I ti sd i ff i cu l t t op rove t h a ta ny p ar t icu la rw ood i sp r ima ry .7 Mo s t l a nd i nE ng land , i f neg lec ted f o r s eve ra l d ecad e s , w i l l t u rn i n to s e conda ry w ood land t h rough t h e n a tu ra l g ene ra t ion o f s ed b rough t b y w ind o r b i rd s o r t h rough u nde rg round e s u cke r s f r om a d jacen t t r ee s . A nc ien t w ood land i s a d ecep t ive t e rm , f o ri th a sb een v ery w ide ly d ef ined t oi n c lude a ny s em i -na tu ra l w ood i n e x i s tence b y c . 1600 , w he the r nc ompa r i son w i th p r ima ry w ood s , p r ima ry o rs e conda ry .8 I t h e r ef o r e , s om ea nc ien tw ood sm ay b ev e ry y oung . T he a im s s e t o u t a bove o f ten r e f e rt ot h e d i s t in c t ion b e tween c opp ice w ood s a nd w ood p a s tu re . T he d i f e ren t f m anagemen t t r ad i t ion s w h ich t h e se t y pe s o f w ood land r e p re sen t a r e f undam en ta l t o t h i s s t udy . T hey h ave b een c a ref u ly d e sc r ibed b y D r . R ackham i n v a r iou s w o rk s t o l w h ich t h i s s t udy i s in deb ted .9 C opp ice w ood s a r e m anaged i n ten s ive ly t o p roduce he t r ee s g row s u cces r op s o f w ood a nd t imbe r . 1° T sive c

n a tu ra ly a nd r e gene ra te a f t e r t h ey a r e c u t , e i the r b y n ew l

e a ten b y g r az ing a n ima l s , o t he r s a r e t r amp led u nd e rf oo t o r s haded o u t b y m a tu r e t r ee s . I fr e cen t ly c opp iced a r ea s a r e e n c lo sed f o r p ro tec t ion o f t h e c opp ice s p r ing , c a ref u ly l l im i ted g r az ing b y c e r ta in a n ima l s c an t a ke p l ace w i thou t c au s ing u ndue d amage .

s hoo t s s p r ing ing f r om t h e s t ump , w h ich i st h en k nown a s a s t oo l , o r b y s ucke r s wh ich s p read u nde rg round . T he r e g row th h a s t ob e p ro tec ted f r om g r az ing a n ima l s , w i ld o r d om e s t ic . T he ref o re c opp ice w ood s h ave t ob e f e nced o n a t empo ra ry b a s i s f o r af ew y ea r s , u n t i l t h e n ew g row th i s t o ugh e nough t o b e s a f e f r om g r az ing , o r p ermanen t ly e nc lo sed , g ene ra ly b y ab ank a nd d i tch r a the rt h an af e nce . l

7 T he r e h a s b een c onf u s ion b e tween p a s tu re a nd p annage .1 P annage w a s ap aym en t , i n money o r k ind , w h ich t e nan t s m ade t ot h e i r l o rd i nr e tur n f o r f a ten ing p i g s o n m a s t f r om t

T he w o rd c opp ice i st h ough t t oc om e f r om t h e O ld F rench c ope i z , t o c u t . I td oe s n o t a ppea r t o h ave b een u sed i n

o ak o r b eech t r ee s . I tw a s p a id i nr e spec t o f b o th c opp ice w ood s a nd w ood p a s tu r e a nd p re sumab ly a l so a ny c ommon p a s tu re b y h edge s w i th m a tu re o ak o r b eech . A cor n s a nd b eechma s t d o n o t c r op h eav i ly e ve ry y ea r . P annage i s t h e ref o r e l e s t h an s e a sona l . I t s i mpo r tance h a s b een s

u ti sn ow t h e g ene ra l E ng land u n t i lt h e t h i r teen th c en tury ,1 b t e rm f o r amuch o l de r t r ad i t ion o f w ood land m anagem en t . T h e r e i s a r chxo log ica l e v idence o f c opp ic ing i n w ooden t r ac i cway sw h ich h ave b een p re served i nt h e S ome r se tL eve l s

o ver ted i nr e la t ion t ot h er e gu la r g r az ing p rov ided b yw ood ra 8 p a s tu re .1

s i n ce t h e f our th m i lenn ium B .C .1 l 2 C opp ic ing c yc le s m ay v a ry f r om f ou r y ea r s u pwa rd s , d epend ing u pon t h e s i ze o f w ood r e qu i red , t r ee g row th a nd m anagemen tp rac t ice s . T hey

Word sf o rw ood land

a ppea rt oh ave b een much s hor te r i nt h e m ed ieva lt h an i nt h e mod er np e r iod .1 l 3 U sua ly , s om e t r ee s i n aw ood a r e l e f t t o l g row t om a tu r i ty b ef o re t h ey a r e f e led t op rov ide t imbe r a nd

Wood land i su sef u l a s ag ene ra l t e rm a nd h a sb een s ou sed i n t h i s s t udy . H oweve r , s u ch g ene ra l i ty o b scu r e s n o t o n ly t h e v a r ie ty o fw ood s i nt h e m ed ieva l p er iod b u t a l so t h e n umbe r o f w o rd s f o r w ood land w h ich w e re u sed i nL a t in a nd O ld

e a r e r e p laced b y s ap l ing s w h ich h ave g rown f r om s ed . T h i s l t y pe o f m anagemen t i s c a led c opp ice w i th s t anda rd s . f T imbe r a nd w ood h ave d i f e ren t u se s . T imbe rp o s t s , b eam s a nd p l ank s a r e u sed i n b u i ld ing s a nd o the r l a rge o b jec t s .

E ng l i sh .

Wood p rov ide s f i r ewood a nd m a ter ia l f o r f enc ing a nd m any o t h e rd ome s t ic a nd a g r icu l tu ra lp u rpo se s .

Mo s t m ed ieva l d ocumen t s w e re w r i ten i nL a t in , w h ich h ad t

T h e t e rm u nderwood i so f ten u sed f o rb ranche s a nd p o le s o f l r e la t ive ly s ma l s i ze . T ree s w h ich p roduce u nderwood f o rm

v a r iou s w o rd s f o r w ood land . S i lva i st h e mo s t c ommon i n p r e -Conque s t c ha r te r s a nd i nD om esday B ook . I tw a s u sed s pa r ing ly t h e reaf te r . N emu s o ccu r s i n s om e p re -Conque s t d ocumen t s . I ti sn o t u nknown i n D ome sday B ook , b u t i s

l t h e l a ye r o f s ma l t r ee s a nd s h rub s w h ich g row a bove t h e g round v ege ta t ion b u tb e low t h ec anopy o ft imbe rt r ee s .

mo re c ommon i nr e co rd s l i nked t ot h eD om e sday s u r vey , t h e 9 I t is f ound o cca s iona ly i n l l l s o -ca led ' Dom e sday s a t e l i te s ' .1

I n w ood p a s tu re , t h e l a nd i ss ha red b y t r ee s a nd l i ve s tock . T he t wo a r e i n compa t ib le , b ecau se l i ve s tock e a t y oung t r ee s

p o s t -Conque s t d eed s , u sua ly o f t h e t we lf th c en tu ry , l e s l s o f ten o f t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry . I th a s b een t r an s la ted a s u tt h i s i s to o ve r look t h e e x i s tence o ft h e l a t in ized ' g rove ' , 2°b g rava , o f t en s pe l t g raua , f r om t h e O ld E ng l i sh w o rd g raf , w h ich a ppea r s i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l v er n a cu la r a s g rove , 1 I ta l so o ve r look st h e L a t in g roue a nd , o cca s iona ly ,g rowe .2 l v i rgu l tum , wh ich i s o pen t o c onf u s ion w i th v i rgu l ta ( a h e t r ad i t iona l l a te r v a r ian t o f v i rga ta , E ng l i sh v i rga te ,2 t m ed ieva l p ea san t ' s l a ndho ld ing ) a nd w h ich h a s a l so b een e qua t ed w i th g ard inum a nd o r tu s a s " a p i ece o f l a nd s, t c on ta in ing g r as r ee s a nd c u l t iva ted p l an t s , o f ten 3 H oweve r , r l s u rounded b y aw a l , h edge , f ence o r d i t ch " .2 t h e o ccur fo r tu s a nd v i rgu l tum i nt h e s ame d eed ( c um rence o 4 i nd ica te s s epa ra t e , d i s t inc t m e suag io & o r to e t v i rgu l to )2 m ean ing s a nd v i rgu l tum h a s b een f ound i n af ew r e co rd s 2 5 O n t h i s b a s i s w i th t h e u namb iguou s m ean ing ' g rove 1.

o rt h eb ranche s o fl a rge rt r ee s a nd b ecau se t h e s hade o ft r ee s r e s t r i c t s t h e g row th o f g r as he ref o re w ood i sp roduced s. T f r om w ood p a s tu re e i the r b y p o la rd ing , c u t ing c r op s o f l t p o le s w h ich g row f r om t h e t r ee t r unk a ta le ve l a bove t h e r e ach o f g r az ing a n ima l s , o r b y f e nc ing o fa r ea s o fy oung f

n o te w he re t h e m ean ing i s uncer ta in .2 6 B oscu s i sb y f a r t h e mo s t c ommon w o rd f o r w ood . L ike t h e E ng l i sh w o rd , i t m ean s e i th e r at o pog raph ica l f e a tu re o rt h e p roduc t o ft r ee s . l T he L a t in f o ru nderwood i su sua ly s ubbo scu s .

T he p r e sen tt e n se h a sb een u sed i nt h e f o rego ing d e sc r ip t ion b ecau se t h e re a r e af ew w ood s i nE ng land w he re c opp ic ing 4 T he re a r e o the r s l i s st i lp rac t i sed f o rc omme rc ia lp u rpo se s .1 w he r e c opp ic ing i su nder taken f o r n a tu re c on serva t ion .1 5 H oweve r , c opp ic ing i sn o l o nge r f am i l ia r t ot h e ma jo r i ty o f t h e p opu la t ion . Mo s t p eop le r e ly o n e l ec t r ic i ty a nd g a s t o h ea t t h e i rh ome s a nd d o n o t l ok t o al o ca l w ood f o r f u e l o r o o t he rn eed s . S om e c oun t ry -dwe le r s s t i l b ur nw ood ; o t he r s l l m ay h ave o ld m emo r ie s o f c opp ic ing o r b e a wa re o f t h e r e cen t d eve lopmen t o f s hor t ro ta t iona l c opp ic ing o f w i low l a nd p op la r p l an t ed o n f o rme r a r ab le l a nd a s o ne k ind o f moder na g r icu l tu ra ld i ve r s if i ca t ion .

i n s tance s o ft h e t e rm h ave b een i n c luded i nt h i s s t udy w i th a

t r ee s o r c opp ice s t oo l s u n t i l t h ey g row l a rge e nough t o b e i n ed ib le . Wood p a s tu re i s al e s i n ten s ive u se o fl a nd t h an s

f T he d i f e r ence b e tween s i lva , n emu s a nd b o scu s m ay b e 7 H oweve r , t h i s p u re ly o ne o f f a sh ion a nd c h rono logy .2 s t udy w i l i n c lude s om e e v iden ce w h ich s ugge s t s t h a t a t l

c opp ice w ood s .

s om e t im e t h e se w o rd s m igh t h ave r e f lec ted d i f e ren t f m anagem en t p rac t ice s . P a r t s o f t h e D ome sday s u rvey

6 T he Managem en th a s ag r ea ti n f luence o nw ood land f l o ra .1

g round f l o ra o fa n a nc ien t c opp ice w ood i sd i s t ingu i shed b y a n a bundance o f w i ld s p r ing f l owe r s , p a r t icu la r ly i n t h e

q ua l if y s i lva w i th t h e a d jec t ives p a s t i l i s ( p a s tu re ) o rm inu ta ( sma l ) , w i th t h e l a t e r r e f er o t h e u nderwood o f a l t ring t c opp iced w ood . H oweve r , f o r mo s t c oun t ie s , i n c lud ing

r e cen t ly c opp iced a r ea s . T he f l o ra o fw ood p a s tu re i s usua ly l l e s s p ec tacu la r a nd m ay b e v ery p oo r . S om e p l an t s a r e s 2

Warw ick sh i r e , t h e re i sn o s u ch q ua l if i ca t ion a nd t h e k i nd o f 8 F o r t h e se w ood land c ove red b y t h e t e rm i su nce r ta in .2

T he a d jec t ive ' med ieva l ' h a s b een u sed t od e sc r ibe t h e w ho le l o ft h e p e r iod c ove r ed b y t h i s s t udy , f r om t h e c o lap se o ft h e a dm in i s t ra t ive s t ruc tu r e o ft h e w e s ter nR om an Emp i r e i nt h e 6 T h i s d ef in i t ion h a s b een w ide ly f i f th c en tu ry t o c . 1500 .3 u sed i nm a in land E u rope a nd i n c r ea s ing ly s o among s tB r i t i sh

r e a son s ,t h eL a t in s i lva i s used i nt h i s s t udy w hen r e f er o ring t t h e i n forma t ion i nD ome sday B ook . T he re a r e s ome L a t in w o rd s f o r w ood s d om ina t ed b y a p a r t icu la r s p ec ie s o ft r ee . B o th a l ne tum , m ean ing a n a l de r 9 ( p re sumab ly o f g r ove o r c an , a nd s p ine tum , as p i tu iey 2

h i s to r ian s . I t a vo id s h i s to r ica l a sump t ion s s

M ig ra t ion P e r iod f o r t h e f i f th , s i x th a nd e a r ly s e ven th c en tu r ie s a nd i nt h e u se o ft h e t e rm Ang lo -Saxon f o rt h e r e s t

h aw thorn o rb l ack thorn ) a r er e co rded f o r Wa rw ick sh i r e . A s n o ted a bove , t h e w o rd c opp ice i so f l a t e d e r iva t ion .

t h e e t hn ic c onno ta t ion s a nd t h e w h ich a r e i mp l ic i t i n t h e t i le

o ft h ep er iod u p t ot h e N o rman C onque s t . T he p os i l i ty o f sib c on t inu i ty n o t o n ly i ns om e R omano -B r i t i sh s e t lem en t s a nd t i n s t i tu t ion s b u t a l so i nt h e m a jor i ty o ft h e n a t ive p opu la t ion

I t s

a ppea rance m ay b e l i nked t ot h e u se o fF rench b y t h e u ppe r c l a sse s a nd i n as i gn if i can tn umbe ro fl e ga l d ocum en t s i nt h e

i s t h e s ub jec t o f c on t inu ing d eba te a nd r e sea rch . N one the les t i s s t i l c ommon i n E ng land t o c onf ine s, i l

t h i r teen th a nd f ou r teen th c en tu r ie s . T he F rench b o i s o rb oy s i sg ene ra ly u sed f o r w ood i n s u ch d ocumen t s . A no the r l F rench w o rd , m ean ing t og rub u p o rr oo t o u t , h a s f ound i t s w ay i n to m ed ieva l L a t in a s e x sar tum , s ar tum ( a nd v a r ian t s ) a nd i n to E ng l i sh a s a sar t . I ti sf ound a s e a r ly a s 1 086 , i n s D ome sday B ook . I t i s u sua ly r e ga rded a s d eno t ing l w ood land w h ich h a s b een c l ea red o ft r ee s , b u t h a s a l so b een oweve r , i nt h e a soc ia ted w i th o t he r k i nd s o fl a nd u se . 3° H s d ocumen t s r e la t ing t o Wa rw ick sh i re w h ich w e re c on su l ted

' m ed ieva l ' t op o s t -Conque s t , o r e ven p o s t -No rman , h i s tory . F o r h i s to r ian s w ho f o low t h e se c onven t ion s , t h e l a t e r l m ed ieva l p e r iod e qua te s r ough ly t o t h e f ou r teen th a nd i f teen th c en tu r ie s . I n t h i s s t udy , h oweve r , l a t e r m ed ieva l f m ean s a f te r 1 066 , o r , i np r ac t ice , a f te r 1 086 , t h e d a te o ft h e c omp i la t ion o f D ome sday B ook . E a r ly m ed ieva l r e f e r s t o t h e c en tu r ie sb ef o r e 1 066 .

d u r ing r e sea r ch a sa r t s w e re a lmo s t i n va r iab ly a soc ia ted s s 1 O the r w o rd s , s u ch a st h o se d e r ived f r om w i th wood land .3

I nd a t ing d ocumen t s , h i s to r ica l y ea r s s t a r t ing o n i s t J anua ry h ave b een u sed , r a the r t h an t h e r e gna l y ea r s g ene ra ly g i ven l i nt h e d ocumen t s t h em se lve s . F o r c onven ience , n o a temp t t

t h e v e rb a pproware , w e re u sed t or e f e r t ot h e e n c lo su re a nd i mp rovemen to fw a s te g round .3 2 T he E ng l i sh w o rd s r i dd ing ( ac l ea red p i ece o f g round ) a nd s t ock ing ( t he u p roo t ing o f t r ee s o r p l an t s )3 a r e u sua l ly a s soc ia ted w i th f o rm e r w ood land .

h a sb een m ade t of o low t h e l a t e rm ed ieva l a nd e a r ly m oder n l p rac t ice o fr e co rd ing t h e s t a r to ft h e y ea ro n2 5 th Ma rch .3 7 T he c oun ty o f Warw ick sh ire

T he re i s u ncer ta in ty a bou t t h e p rec i se m ean ing s o f O ld

T o t a lk o f Wa rw ick sh i re a tt h e b eg inn ing o f t h e m ed ieva l p er iod i sa n a nach ron i sm . I t s b ounda r ie s w e re e s tab l i shed

s E ng l i sh w o rd s f o r w ood land o r f e a tu re s a soc ia t ed w i th i t . l T he l i ke ly m ean ing o fg raf ( mode rn E ng l i sh g rove ) w i l b e s ed i l d i scus n C hap te r s Two a nd F ou r . C hap te r F ive w i l

r e la t ive ly l a t e i n c ompa r i son w i th t ho se o f c oun t ie s i n t h e s ou th o f E ng land a nd e ven w i th t h o se o f s om e o f t h e

sion a i n c lude a d i scus bou t t h e s i gn if icance o f t h e O ld E ng l i sh w o rd s l e ah , f tr th , h o l t , h y r s t , s haw a nd w udu , a s l w e l a st h e c ompound s wh ich h ave b ecome t h e p l ace -name s t G raf ton a nd Woo ton . T he E ng l i sh w o rd s f i rebo te , h aybo te l a nd h ou sebo t er e f e rt oc ommon r i gh t s , c o lec t ive ly k nown a s e s tove r s ,t og a the rw ood f o rf u e l , f e n c ing a nd h ou se s .

m id land s s h i re s . K en t a nd S us , f o r e xamp le , a r e t h ough t sex t ob e b a sed o n e a r ly m ed ieva l k ingdom s , e ven i f th ey d o n o t 8 T he p e rpe tua te t h e e xac t b ounda r ie s o f t ho se k ingdom s .3 f i r s t s u rv iv ing d ocumen ta ry r e f e rence t o t h e m id land s c oun t ie s o rs h i re s a ppea r s i nt h e e a r ly e l even th c en tu ry i nt h e A ng lo -Saxon C h ron ic le . I t ha s b een a r gued t h a t t h e c on tex t i n w h ich t h e se r e f e rence s a ppea r i n d ica t e s t h a t t h e s h i r e s w e re c r ea ted f o r m i l i ta ry a nd a dm in i s t ra t ive p u rpo se s a nd

Ak nown p r e -Eng l i sh w o rd f o r aw ood , c e to , i sm en t ioned h e re b ecau se i ta ppea r s t h a t t h e re a r e t wo p l ace -nam e s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e wh ich i n c luded c e to a nd b ecau se t h e re w a s a l so awood w ho se n ame a ppea r s t oh ave i n c luded t h e w o rd 4 A l though t h e re a r e s eve ra l a s l a te a s t h e t we lf th c en tu ry .3 p l ace -nam e s i nE ng land i n c lud ing c e to , t h e re a r e n o t m any l e xamp le s o fw ood s who se n ame s i n c luded t h i sw o rd ,u sua ly r c o rup ted t oc he t . T ho se w h ich h ave b een i d en t if i ed h ave

w e r e f o rma ly e s tab l i shed a r ound t h e t own s o n w h ich l d ef en s ive a rangemen t s h ad b een b a sed a f te r t h e D an i sh r i n va s ion s o ft h e l a te n in th a nd e a r ly t e n th c en tu ry a nd f r om w h ich mo s t o f t h e s h i re s t ok t h e i r n ame s .3 9 I th a s b een o s ugge s ted t h a t t h e a r ea k nown f r om t h e e l even th c en tu ry a s Warw ick sh i re m ay h ave b een a n a dm in i s t ra t ive e n t i ty i nt h e nd a l so t h a t t h e c r ea t ion o f t h e m id land s t e n th c en tu ry4°a s h i r e s a nd t h e c omp i la t ion o f t h e d ocumen t k nown a s t h e

s b een a soc ia t ed m a in ly w i th l a rge a r ea s o fw ood land , r a the r l t h an w i th r e la t ive ly s ma lw ood s .3 5

C oun ty H idage m ay d a t e f r om t h e f i r s t h a lf o f t h e t e n th 1 Mo r e r e cen t ly , i th a s b een a r gued t h a t s eve ra l o f c en tu ry .4

T h i s s t udy t r i e s t o i mag ine w ha t L a t in a nd O ld E ng l i sh w o rd s f o r w ood land m igh t h ave m ean t o n t h e g round , a nd

t h e w e s t m id land s s h i re s p r e se rve , i n p a r t a t l e a s t , e a r l ie r p rov in c ia lb ounda r ie s a nd t h a t Wa rw ick sh i re em e rged f r om a d e l ibe ra te d i s tu rbance o f s om e o f t h e se e a r l ie r t e r i to r ia l r d i v i s ion s .4 2

f h ow t h e m ed ieva l r e a l i t ie s m igh t h ave d i f e red , n o t o n ly f r om p o s t -m ed ieva l w ood land m anagemen t a nd moder n s a sump t ion s a bou t t h e p a s t , b u t a l so w i th in t h e v e ry l ong p er iod , at h ou sand y ea r s o rs o , c ove r ed b yt h i s s t udy .

B y t h e e nd o ft h e e i gh th c en tu ry t h e a r ea w h ich l a te rb ecame Wa rw ick sh i r e w a sp ar t o ft h e k i ngdom o f Me rc ia . H oweve r , l o n ly ac en tu ry e a r l ie r t h e a r ea h ad b een d i v ided p o l i t ica ly ,

C hrono log ica lt e rm s

w i th t h e s ou th -we s ter np a r t b e ing w i th in t h e k ingdom o ft h e Hw icce . T ha tk ingdom i s th ough tt oh ave b een c o te rm inou s , 3

t imbe r -f ram ed h ou se s , c on t ra s t ing w i th t h e p i c tu r e sque l v i lage s o fC o t swo ld l ime s tone i nt h e s ou th -ea s ter nf r inge o f t h e c oun ty .

a ti t s f u le s t e x t en t , w i th t h e m ed ieva l d i oce se o f Wo rce s te r , l w ho se b oundary r un s t h rough Warw ick sh i re . I ti s i t s e lf l i ke ly t o h ave b een a n a ma lgama t ion o f s ma le r p o l i t ica l l u n i t s , o ne o f w h ich , k nown l a te r a s W inchcombe sh i re , p robab ly i n c luded t h o se Warw ick sh i re m ano r s w h ich i n

R a the r t h an m a rk ing t h e e dge o f t h e c oun ty , t h e w a te r shed b e tween t h e T ren t a nd S ever n r i ve r sy s tem s l i e s w i th in i t .

1 086 l a y s ou th o ft h e r i ve r A von a nd w e s t o f at r ibu ta ry o f 3 t h eA von , t h er i ve rS tou r .4

e T h e c ou r se s o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s r i ve r s w h ich f ed t h e se s y s tem s , t h e A von a nd i t s t r ibu tar ie s i n t h e s ou th , a nd t h e T am e a nd B ly the i nt h e n o r th , p o s t -da te t h e e x i s tence o f a ri g r ea t p ro -g lac ia l l a ke , k nown a s L ake H ar son , w h ich

W inchcombe sh i re i s unu sua l i nt h a t e v idence s u rv ive s w h ich h a s e nab led i t s e x ten t t ob e d educed w i th s ome c onf idence . O the r e a r ly m ed ieva l p o l i t ica l t e r i to r ie s i nt h e m id land s a r e r

c ove red much o ft h e a r ea o ft h e l a te r c oun ty d u r ing p ar t o f l e 5 T he A von v a ley c an b e s en a s an o r ther n t h e I c e A ge .4 e x ten s ion o ft h e S ever np l a in . A pa r t f r om t h e m idd le A von l f v a ley s ou th o f S t raf o rd -upon -Avon , t h e r i ve r p l a in i s

n o t s o e a s i ly d ef ined . T he D om e sday c oun ty o f Wa rw ick sh i re i s th e ref o r e aw e l -known a nd c onven ien t u n i t l o nw h ich t ob a se r e sea r ch .

row r e la t ive ly , a nd i np a r t sv ery , n ar . I tc ou ld b ea r gued t h a t at o pog raph ica l s t udy s hou ld b eb a sed o n ag eog raph ica l r e g ion . H oweve r , t h e i n t r ica t e v a r ie ty o f

T he s o i l s a r e v ery v a r ied . P ar t s o f t h e c oun ty h ave b een c ove red b y r e la t ive ly r e cen t v o lume s o ft h e S o i l S u rvey o f

t o pog raphy i nt h e m id land s make s i td i ff i cu l t t od ef ine s u ch ar e g ion w i th t h e p rec i s ion n eeded f o r t h e r e sea rch m e thod s a dop ted i nt h i s s t udy . Mo reove r , t h e t o pog raph ica l v a r ie ty w i th in Wa rw ick sh i r ep rov ide s a ne xce len tf r amewo rk w i th in l

6 T he se s how t h a t c l ay s o i l s w e re E ng land a nd Wa le s .4 c ommon i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re . Wh i l s t s o i l t y pe s m ay b e r e levan t t o t h e i n c idence o f m ed ieva l w ood land l l o ca ly , i th a s r e cen t ly b een a cknow ledged t h a t o n ar e g iona l t r 7 b a s i st h e re m ay b e l i t le c o re la t ion b e tween t h em .4

w h ich t op u r sue t h e s t udy ' s a im s a nd o b jec t ive s . I ta low s l t h e s t udy t o f o cu s o n s im i la r i t ie s a nd d i f e rence s i n aw ay f w h ich e nhan ce s t h e i n te rp r e ta t ion o f t h e e v idence . I n

T he p hy s ica l b ackg round t o ah i s to ry o fm ed ieva l w ood land

p a r t icu la r t h e o f ten q uo ted c on t ra s t b e tween t h e n o r th a nd w e s t o f Wa rw ick sh i re a nd t h e s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e c oun ty

c mu s t a l so t a ke i n to a coun t t h e p reh i s to ry o f w ood s , a s l r e co rded i np o len d epo s i t s . S uch e v idence s how s w ood land l f d eve lop ing g r adua ly a f t e r t h e l a s t I c e A ge , w i th d i f e ren t t y pe s o ft r ee s s u cceed ing e ach o the ri nc o lon i s ing t h e t u nd ra . B i rch w a s o n e o f t h e e a r l ie s t t r ee s . H aze l w a s w ide sp read

c r ie s o u tf o rc on s ide ra t ion i nt h e l i gh to fr e cen tr e sea rch i n to m ed ieva l s e t lemen t a nd t o pog raphy . F o r t h e p u rpo se s o f t t h a t r ev iew t h e r i ve rA von , a n e a s i ly r e cogn i sed a nd d efmed t o pog raph ica l f e a tu re , h a s b een u sed a s an o t iona l d i v id ing l i ne w i th in t h ec oun ty .

a nd a bundan t a t ar e la t ive ly e a r ly d a t e , p robab ly b y c .6 000 B .C . , b yw h ich t im e e lm a nd l ime w e r e a l so c ommon . T he re l l w a s d i ve r s i ty o fv ege ta t ion r e g iona ly , a nd p robab ly l o ca ly . I th a s b een a r gued t h a t t h e b o tan ica l v a r ie ty o f E ng l i sh 8 w ood sh a sb een i n he r i ted f r om t h i sp reh i s tor ic d i ve r s i ty .4

T he p hy s ica lb ackground A t o pog raph ica l h i s to ry d ea l s w i th t h e e f ec t s o f h uman f e ndeavou r o nn a tu ra l f e a tu re s a nd v ege ta t ion . T he l a te r a r e t o r ig ina ly t h ep roduc t s o fg eo logy , s o i l s , r e l ief , d r a inage a nd l c l ima te . Wa rw ick sh i re , i n t h e c en t re o f t h e E ng l i sh m id land s , i sp a r t o f ar e g ion wh ich h a s g r ea t v a r ie ty , r a the r t h an s t a rk c on t ra s t s , i np hy s ica l f e a tu re s . I t sh i l s a r e n o t l i ke l t h e g r ea t h i l s o ft h e L ake D i s t r ic t a nd s ome o t he r p ar t s o f l n o r the rn E ng land ; t h ey a r e much l owe r , p a r t o f a gen t le ,

U n i t s f o rt he s t udy o ft opograph ica l h i s tory l T he i n f o rma t ion c o lec ted d u r ing t h i s s t udy i sp re sen t ed a nd a na ly sed o n t h e b a s i s o f a nc ien t e cc le s ia s t ica l p a r i she s a nd t own sh ip sw i th in t h em . T he p a r i sh h a s l o ng b een r e cogn i sed 9 A nc ien t a s a u n i t f o r t h e s t udy o f l o ca l h i s tory .4

r o l ing l a nd scape . E ven t h e s c a rp o fE dge H i l , o nt h e s ou th l l e a s te rn e dge o f Wa rw ick sh i re , d oe s n o t h ave t h e h e igh t a nd d r ama t ic i mpac t o f , s ay , t h e Ma lve rn H i l s i n a d jo in ing l Wo rce s te r sh i r e .

l e cc le s ia s t ica l p a r i she s a r e u sua ly e a sy t o d ef ine , b y r e f e rence t o t i t he m ap s a nd a ppo r t ionmen t s o r t o e a r l ie r h e e cc le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh b ounda r ie s s hown o n t h e m ap s . 5° T

T he B i rm ingham P la teau a nd o the rh igh g round i nt h e n or th o f t h e c oun ty c on ta in c oa l a nd o t he r m ine ra l s w ho se p r e sence w a se xp lo i ted o n as ma l s c a le i nt h e l a te rm ed ieva l l a nd e a r ly moder n p e r iod s . F rom t h e e i gh teen th c en tu ry m in ing a nd m anuf ac tu r ing t r an sf o rmed l a rge p a r t s o f t h e

Wa rw ick sh i re i n t h e f i r s t h a lf o f t h e n ine teen th c en tu ry . H oweve r , t h e se b ounda r ie s a r e t h ough t t o p e rpe tua t e n o t o n ly l a te r m ed ieva l b ound s , b u t a l so e a r ly m ed ieva l l a nd u n i t s , a s c hu r che s w e re f ounded t o s e rve e i the r l a rge

m ap s w h ich i u s t ra te t h i s b ook a r e t a ken f o r t h e mo s t p a r t l f r om t i the m ap s a nd s or ef l ec tt h e e cc le s ia s t ica l g eog raphy o f

1 S om e e cc le s ia s t ica l t e r i tor ie s o r s ubd iv i s ion s o f t h em .5 r p a r i sh b ounda r ie s w e r e c hanged b y t h e i n t roduc t ion o fc i v i l 2 b u t i n Wa rw ick sh i re o u t s id e u rban p a r i she s a f t e r 1 879 ,5 a r ea st h e a d ju s tmen t sw e re r e la t ive ly f ew .

c oun ty . T h e B lack C oun t ry s t re tched w e s twa rd s f r om B i rm ingham o ve r t h e c oun ty b ounda ry , a nd t h e re w a s i n du s t r ia l d eve lopmen t a r ound t h e n or th Wa rw ick sh i re c oa lf i e ld s . I n t h e t wen t ie th c en tu ry f u r the r u rban d eve lopmen t g r ea t ly i n c r ea sed t h e a r ea l o s t t o a g r icu l tu re .

c At own sh ip w a s as ub -d iv i s ion o fa n e c le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh , a d i sc re te a r ea i d en t if i ed b y i t s o wn n ame . I t s i n hab i tan t s

T hu s t h e moder n c on t ra s t s b e tween t h e se i n du s t r ia l a nd u rban a r ea s i nt h e n or th a nd t h e l a rge ly r u ra l a r ea s o f t h e

r e cogn i sed t h em se lve s a sb e long ing t oi t and i t had i t s own f i e ld s . L ike ap a r i sh , i tm igh t b e c o te rm inou s w i th am ano r .

he se a r e s ou th r e f lec t u nde r ly ing g eo log ica l d i f e rence s .4 T f a ppa ren t e ven i nt h e r ema in ing r u ra l p a r t s o ft h e n or th , w i th t h e i r s and s tone c hu r che s a nd p redom inan t ly r ed -b r ick o r

L ike a p a r i sh , i ti s t h ough t t o r e p r e sen t au n i t o f l a nd l i n he r i ted f r om t h e e a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod , a l though , a sw i lb e 4

f e xp la ined i n C hap t e r S i x , t h e r e a r e d i f e r en t v i ew s a s t o w h en a nd h ow l a nd d i v i s ion s o f t h i s s i ze e m e rged . T h e f l d i f e r ence b e tween t own sh ip s a nd s ma l p a r i sh e s o f s im i la r c s i z e l a y i nt h e i rr e spec t ive e c l e s ia s t i ca l s t a tu s . At own sh ip d i d n o t h ave i t so wn p a r i sh c hu r ch . I t migh t h ave ac hape l d ependen t o n t h e p a r i sh c hu r ch . I ft h a t c hape l g a ined i t s i n d epend en ce f r om i t s mo th e r c hu r ch t h e t own sh ip w h i ch i t s e rved a cqu i r ed p a roch ia l s t a tu s . T h e r e a r e m any i n s tan ce s o fs u ch c hange s i ne cc le s ia s t ica l s t a tu s i n Wa rw i ck sh i r e ; f o r l e xamp le , t h e c hu r che s o f A le s ley , L eam ing ton P r io r s a nd l L i l ing ton h ave b een i n d epend en t s i n ce t h e t h i r t een th f 3 S om eh i s to r ian sh ave u sed t ow n sh ip i n ad if e r en t c en tu ry .5 s e n se , t o d e sc r ibe t h e p eop l e l i v ing i n ac ommun i ty r a th e r t h an t h e a r ea w h ich t h ey f a rm ed . Ma i t land , f o r e xamp le , l t i i c a l ed t h e l a t e r av i r a th e r t h an at own sh ip .5 4 T h i s s t udy a dop t s t h e g eog raph ica l d ef in i t ion o ft own sh ip ,5 a su sed i n s om et i the a wa rd s .

T h e v a r i e ty o f t h e d ocum en t a t ion o n w h ich i th a s b een sa s n eces ry t od r aw i st h e r ef o r ea na se ti ni t s e lf . T h e p u rpo se o ft h e m ed i eva l r e co rd s o n w h ich t h i s s t udy i s l a rge ly b a sed w a s e conom ic ,n o tt o pog raph ica l . I n f o rm a t ion a bou tw ood land w a s i n c lud ed o n ly i n sof a ra si tw a s r e l evan t t o t h i s p u rpo se . E ven w h en i tc am e t o s a l e s o f w ood , c l o a coun tr o l s d on o tr e vea lh ow a nd w h e r e t r an sac t ion s t ok p l a ce n o r t h e d e s t ina t ion o ft h e w ood ( s ee F i g . 8 6 ) . Mo s t , l een u t h ough n o ta , o ft h ed ocum en t sw h i ch h ave b sed s h a r e o t h e rs i gn if ican tl i m i t a t ion s . t Many d o cum en t s w e r e w r i t en a nd p r e serv ed a sr e co rd s o f s l u ppe r a nd m idd l e c l as a ndho ld ing s a nd t h e p rof i t s t ob e d e r ived f r om t h em . T enu r ia l u n i t s , o r m ano r s , d i d n o t a lway s f o rm d i sc r e t e g eog raph ica l a r ea s ; f o r e xamp le , t h e l a nd s o ft h e m ano r s i nC h i lve r s C o ton w e r e i n t e rm ing led .5 8 c B y t h e l a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod m ano r a nd e c le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh w e r e r a r e ly c o t e rm inou s , a l though , a s i n d ica t ed a bov e , r p a r i she s a r e t h ough t t o r e f lec t e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i to r ia l d i v i s ion s . Mano r ia l f r agm en t a t ion i sa ppa r en t i nD om e sday B ook ; t h e r e w e r e mu l t ip le e n t r ie s f o r s e ve r a l p l ace s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e . C on sequen t ly , w h e r e m ed ieva l r e co rd s o fa l t p a r t icu la r m ano r s u rv ive , t h ey a r e u n l ike ly t oc ove r a h e l a nd i n ap a r i sh o rm igh te ven e x t end i n to a na d ja cen tp a r i sh . O v e r s ley m ano r , f o r e xamp l e , w a s d i v id ed b e tw een t h e r p a r i sh e so fA row a nd W ixf o rd .5 9

T h e a l ter n a t ive t o p a r i sh e s a nd t own sh ip s a s s t udy u n i t s w ou ld b e l a t e r m ed ieva l o r m oder n m ano r s . T h e w o rd m ano r , a su s ed i nD om e sday B ook , i s th ough tt oh ave a r i sen l a s at e chn i ca l t e rm , i n i t ia ly d efm ing a la nd -ho ld ing l i ab l e l f o r t h e n a t iona l l e vy c a led t h e d an ege ld , b u t t h e r eaf t e r s a soc ia ted m o r e w i th t h e p ow e r s o f t h e l o rd o ft h e m ano r o v e r t h o se w ho h e ld l a nd i n t h e m ano r . Mano r s v a r ied g r ea t ly i n s i ze . S om e e x t end ed o ve r s e ve r a l p a r i sh e s o r r t own sh ip s , s om e c o re spond ed t o a s i ng le p a r i sh o r t t own sh ip , s om e c on s i s t ed o fd i sc r e t e a r ea s o rs c a t e r ed l a nd s i n t e rm ing led w i th t h e l a nd s o fo t he r m ano r s w i th in ap a r i sh 6 T he b ounda r i e s o f m ed ieva l m ano r s w e r e o r t own sh ip .5 o f t en u nknown , a s i s a ppa r en t f r om t h e v o lum e s o f t h e V i c to r ia H i s to ry o f Wa rw ick sh i r e . T h e e x t en t s o f mod er n l f so m ano r s m ay w e l d i f e r f r om t h e i r m ed i eva l p r ed eces r s . Many s ou rce so fe v id en ce o r ig ina t e f r om m ano r sr a the rt h an l p a r i sh es o rt own sh ip s , b u tt h ey u sua ly d e sc r ibe t h e l o ca t ion o f l a nd b y r e f e r en ce t o p a r i sh o r t own sh ip r a th e r t h an t o l t c m ano r . F o r a h e se r e a son s a n c ien t e c le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh e s a nd t own sh ip s a r e t h e o bv iou s u n i t s f o r t h i s t o pog raph ica l s t udy .

Much o f t h e s u rv iv ing m a t e r ia l d a t e s f r om t h e l a s t t wo l c en tu r ie s o ft h e m ed ieva lp e r iod . E ven c o lec t ion s o fe a r l i e r and d ocum en t s , s u ch a s t h e d eed s r e la t ing t o M idd le ton6° C h i lve r sC o ton ,6 1 d on o tp r e -d a t et h et h i r t een th c en tu ry . T h e a va i lab i l i ty o f e a r l ie r r e co rd s i n af ew c a se s e ncou rage s sa a r gum en t b y a na logy i n o t h e r s . I th a s b een n eces ry c on s tan t ly t oq ue s t ion t h e v a l id i ty o fs u ch a n a r gum en t a nd l t oe xp la in i ne a ch c a se w hy i th a sb een f o lowed . S om e o f t h e p r ima ry s ou r ce s w h i ch h ave b een u sed a r e a va i lab l e i n p r in t ed t r an sc r ip t ion s o r p ub l i sh ed c a lenda r s . T h e mo s t o bv iou s e xamp le o f t h e f o rm e r i s D om e sd ay t B ook .6 2 E xamp l e s o f t h e l a t e r a r e t h e l o ng s e r ie s o f l p ub l i sh ed c a lenda r s o f t h e P a t en t a nd C lo se R o l s i n t h e P ub l ic R eco rd O ff i ce . S om e p ub l i sh ed t r an sc r ip t s o r t r an s la t ion s o f d ocum en t s h ave b een u s ed , b u t w i th r e se rva t ion s i nc a se s w he r e i tc an b e s hown t h a t t h e r e h ave 3 C op ie s o f s om e b een m i s in t e rp r e t a t ion s o f t h e o r ig ina l .6 l o r ig ina l d ocum en t s h ave b een a va i lab le l o ca ly o n 4 H ow eve r , t h e g r ea t m a jo r i ty o f d ocum en t s m i c rof i lm .6 c on su l t ed f o r t h i s s t udy a r e a va i lab le o n ly i n t h e o r ig in a l m anu sc r ip t s . C on sequen t ly , t h i s s t udy i sg r ea t ly i n d eb t ed t o t h e s e rv i ce s p rov id ed b yr e co rd o ff i ce s , l i b r a r i e s a nd p r iva t e a r ch ive s i np r e se rv ing t h e se d ocum en t s a nd i nm ak ing t h em a ces le f o rr e sea r ch .6 5 c sib

D ocumen tary e v idence T h e i n f o rm a t ion o n w h ich t h i s s t udy i sb a sed c om e s f r om l v a r iou s t y pe so fd ocum en tw h ich w i lb e f am i l ia rt os t uden t s een o fm ed i eva l E ng l i sh t o pog raphy . T he se s ou r ce s h ave b u s ed p r im a r i ly t oe s tab l i sh t h e e x i s t ence o fi n d iv idua lw ood s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e . T he f i r s t a im h a s b een t o a ch ieve a s sib c omp le t e ac ove rage o f t h e c oun ty a s p os l e g i ven t h e f r agmen ta ry n a tu re o f t h e s u rv iv ing e v id en ce . A dd i t iona l i n f o rma t ion a bou t s p ec if i c w ood s , t h e i r l o ca t ion , s i ze o r m anagem en t , h a s b een s p a r se , b u t v i ta l i n t h e t a sk o f i n t e rp re t ing t h ee v iden ce . T h e u neven s u rv iva l o fm ed i eva l d ocum en t s m ean s t h a t t h e p i c tu r e i si n comp le te , a nd f o rs om ep l a ce sb l ank . I th a sb een s a id , o f m ed ieva l h i s to ry , t h a t " t h e t a sk o f t h e h i s to r ian s l e mb race s l e s t h e s k i l s o fs e lec t ion t h an t h o se o fd i scove ry , 7 T h i si s ce r ta in ly t r u e f o rt h e d e t ec t ion , a nd i n te rp r e ta t ion ." 5 h i s to ry o ft h e w ood land o fm ed ieva l Wa rw ick sh i r e . P l a ce s f o r w h ich s e ve ra l t y pe s o fd ocum en t s u rv ive e xemp l if y t h e s o i n ad equac ie s o f a si ng le s ou r ce a nd h e igh t en a wa r en es f t h e d ange r s o fb a s ing a r gum en t s o n l im i t ed d ocum en t a t ion .

T h r ee t y pe s o f e v id en ce , D om e sday B ook , t h e H und r ed l R o l s o f 1 279 , a nd p r e -Conqu e s t o r' Ang lo -Saxon ' c ha r t e r s , sed i a r e d i scus nC hap t e r s Two , F ou r a nd F i ve r e spec t ive ly , l b ecau se t h e i rd ef i c i en c ie s , a sw e la st h e i ri mpo r tance , a r ea n i n t eg ra lp a r to ft h ea r gum en t sd eve loped i nt h o se c h ap t e r s . t Af t e r t h e N o rman C onque s t , c ha r t e r s , t h e w r i t en r e co rd s o f l g r an t s , u sua ly r e la t ing t ol a nd ,b ecam e av e ry c ommon t y pe 5

o f d ocum en t . T hey h ave b een p re se rved i nv a r iou s p ub l ic r e po s i to r ie s a nd p r iva te c o lec t ion s . T hey w e re u sed b y l p eop le i nl owe ra sw e la si nu ppe r l e ve l s o fs oc ie ty . C er ta in l c ha r te r s w e re w r i ten i ns uch e xce len t s c r ip t t h a t t h ey a r e a t l d e l igh t t o r e ad . S om e t ime s w ood land w a s t h e s ub jec t o f

a bou tt h em ano ro f Woo ton Wawen i n1 337 wh ich i s sa id t o t h ave i n c luded " ag r ea t w ood " .7 1 T he o r ig ina l e x t en t s how s t h e " g rea t w ood " t ob e o ne o ft h e p roduc t s o ft h e u nnamed d eme sne w ood , n o t t h e w ood land i t se lf . T he " g rea t w ood " 2 P re sumab ly t h i s w a s d i s t ingu i shed f r om t h e u nderwood .7

g r an t s o r l e a se s ; s ome w ood s w e re m en t ioned i n c iden ta ly , l f o r e xamp le a s ma rk ing t h e b ounda ry o f a pi ece o f l a nd . Many w ood s d i scove r ed d u r ing t h i s s t udy a r e k nown o n ly f r om s u ch r e f e rence s . F o r e xamp le , t h e m ed ieva l g rove o f

d i s t inc t ion w a s m ade b ecau se t i the s w e re u nderwood ,b u tn o to nw ood o fg r ea te rs i ze .7 3

p ayab le

o n

T he a va i lab le m ano r ia l e x ten t s a tached t oi nqu i s i t ion s p o s t t mo r tem v a ry i nt h e d e ta i l s w h ich t h ey i n c lude . Af ew , s u ch

S onga ri s known o n ly f r om g ran t s made t oB o rde s ley A bbey ; o ne g r an t , r e co rded o n as ma l s t r ip o f p a rchmen t i n n ea t l w r i t ing , s t a ted t h a t t h e g rove w a s n ex t t ot h e monk s ' g r ange eed s a r ea l so u sef u lf o rf i e ld -name s w h ich a r e o fS onga r .6 D a r guab ly i n he r i ted f r om t h e e a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod a nd w h i ch

a s t h o se f o r Wa rw ick i n 1 268 a nd 1 316 , f o r B ubbenha l i n l 1 391 , a nd F u lb rook i n 1 478 , n am ed f i e ld s a nd o t he r 4 T he F u lb rook s u rvey a l so r e vea led t o pog raph ica l f e a tu re s .7 t h e l o ca t ion o ft h e a d jo in ing b i shop s ' p a rk i nH amp ton L ucy ( wh ich h ad b een a ma te r o f p re sump t ion , b a sed o n f i e ld t n am e s i n e i gh teen th -cen tu ry s u rvey s , w hen t h e a u tho r ' s

d eno t e f o rme r w ood land . A l though d eed s a r e f a r f r om c omp rehen s ive i n t h e i r t o pog raph ica l c ove rage , t h ey a r e a v a luab le s upp lemen t t o t h o se m ano r ia l r e co rd s d ea l ing l p r inc ipa ly w i th d eme sne l a nd s . F o rt h e se r e a son s t h ey h ave b een e x ten s ive ly c on su l ted a nd h ave p roved e x t reme ly u sef u l f o r t h i s s t udy . T opog raph ica l h i s to r ian s w i th s im i la r 7 e xpe r ience h ave e choed t h e se f i nd ing s .6

h i s tory o fH amp ton Wood w a s f i r s t w r i t en ) . Mo s t e x ten t s t a r e l e s d e ta i led , m e re ly s umma r i s ing t h e a c reage s o f s

l F requen t ly r e l ig iou sc ommun i t ie sa nd o cca s iona ly i mpor tan t

e x ten t n am ed t h ree w ood s , b u t o n ly o ne n ame w a s c ommon t ob o th . O the r r e co rd s r e la t ing t o B e rk swe l t e s t if y t o t h e l

d i f e ren t t y pe s o f d eme sne l a nd . O n ly o cca s iona ly w e re f l w ood sn amed , a si nB e rk swe l , H a r t sh i la nd A le s ley .7 5 T he l l l t wo B e rk swe l e x ten t s o f 1 316 t h row s om e d oub t o n t h e l a ccu racy o ft h e i n qu i s i t ion s . T aken i nt h e s ame y ea r , e a ch

r l a ymen a ranged f o rd eed s r e la t ing t ot h e i rl a nd st ob e c op ied s t i n to a ca r tu la ry . T h i s s e rved t o p re serve t h em , u n les h e c a r tu la ry i t se lf w a s l a te r d e s t royed , a s h appened i nt h e c a se

e x i s tence o f t h e w ood s , s o e ach e x ten t w a s i n comp le te , p re sumab ly i n c lud ing o n ly t ho se w ood s f r om w h ich u nde rwood w a s s o ld d u r ing t h e a ccoun t ing p er iod i nw h ich t h e e x ten tw a sm ade .

o f ac a r tu lary o fC oven t ry C a thed ra lP r io ry w h ich w a sl o s ti n t h e f i r e w h ich d e s t royed t h e f i r s t B i rm ingham R ef e ren ce 8 C a r tu la r ie s c ou ld a l so b e u sed t o d i sgu i se L ib ra ry .6 f o rger ie s f r om c on tempo ra r ie s . F o r e xamp le , s om e o f t h e

Mano r ia l e x t en t s c an b e u sef u ly s upp lem en ted , a tl e a s t f o r l d em e sne w ood s , b y mano r ia l a ccoun t s . Mo s t o ft h e se d a t e

r e la t ive ly e a r ly c ha r te r s a t r ibu t ed t o t h e e a r l s o f C he s t e r t 9 h ave b een s hown b y mode rn r e sea rch t o b e f o rge r ie s .6 Whe re b o th o r ig ina l d eed s a nd c op ie s h ave s u rv ived i ti s sib p os le t oc heck t h e a ccu racy o ft r an sc r ip t ion . I n t h e c a se sed i l o f R a t ley d i scus n t h e f o low ing c hap te r s ome o f t h e o r ig ina l d eed s h ave s u rv ived , s o t h a t s uch ac heck c ou ld b e m ad e ; t h e c a r tu la ry a l so i n c luded o the r d eed s w h i ch s upp lemen ted t h ei n f o rma t ion g a the red f r om t h eo r ig ina l s .

f r om t h e f ou r t een th a nd f i f teen th c en tu r ie s . S ome t im e s t h ey g i ve d e ta i l s o f t h e m anagemen t o f w ood s , t h e a moun t o f u nde rwood c u t i n t h em o r a rangem en t s t o r e new t h e i r r f en c ing . H oweve r , w ood s a le s may b e i n c lud ed i n t h e a ccoun t sw i thou tr e f e rence t ot h e s ou rce o ft h e w ood . l Mano r ia lc ou r tr o l s a r e n o t o f ten o f much u se f o rt h eh i s tory o f w ood land . H oweve r , t h e re h ave b een s om e v a luab le e xcep t ion s . A c our t r o l p rov ide s t h e o n ly m ed ieva l l r e f e ren ce t o H amp ton Wood b y n am e . C ou r t r o l s g ave l i mpor tan ti n f o rma t ion a bou tw ood land i nS ambou rne a nd t h e l s i ng le e xamp le o f ag rove i nH a r t sh i l .

T enan t s ' l a nd s w e re a l so r e co rded i ns ome m anor ia l s u rvey s , b u t t h i s w a s mo re c ommon i nt h e e a r ly moder n s u rvey s o f Wa rw ick sh i r e p a r i she s t h an i n t h e r e la t ive ly f ew m ed ieva l l s u rvey s . Wroxa l a nd t h e s u rvey s o f C oven t ry C a thed ra l P r iory ' s l a nd s c on ta ined i nt h e P r iory ' s R eg i s te rp roved t ob e l w e lcome e xcep t ion s . S u rvey s m igh tn o t g i ve af u l a ccoun t , e ven o f d em e sne l a nd s . F o r e xamp le , t h e h i s tory o f H amp ton Wood w h ich p romp ted t h i s w ide r s t udy c ou ld b e t a ken b ack t o t h e l a t e t we lf th c en tu ry t h rough o ne o f a

T he p roceed ing s i nv a r iou s c r own c our t sh ave a l so b een v e ry s u sef u l . T he e y re a nd a s ize s i n p a r t icu la r p rov ided i n f o rma t ion a bou t t h e m anagemen t o f an umbe r o fw ood s a s w ood p a s tu r e i nt h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry . T he r e co rd s o f t h e

l c o lec t ion o fs u rvey s o ft h e b i shop r ic o f Wo rce s te r , b u t t h e l b i shop s ' w ood i nH amp ton w a s m en t ioned o n ly i n c iden ta ly i nt h a ts u rvey . 7°

l p roceed ing s u sua ly l a ck d e ta i l s s uch n am e s o f w ood s , a l though t h e re e xcep t ion s , s u ch a st h e c a se i n vo lv ing t h e -Hea th , w he r e i n f o rma t ion a bou t

I nqu i s i t ion s p o s t mor tem , s u rvey s o f t h e l a nd s o f d ecea sed l a y t e nan t s i nc h ief o ft h e C rown , a r e v ery v ar iab le i nt h e i n f o rma t ion w h ich t h ey o f e r . D e ta i led s u rvey s w e re m ade f o n ly f o r t h o se m ano r s wh ich h ad n o t b een s ub inf euda ted t o u nde r tenan t s . C on sequen t ly , t h e t opog raph ica l i n f o rma t ion p rov ided b y t h e i nqu i s i t ion s i sc onf ined t o ar e la t ive ly s ma l l n umbe r o f m ano r s i n Wa rw ick sh i re . A s t h e p r in t ed

g i ven . I n a dd i t ion , b ecau se o ft h e i r c oun ty -w ide c ove rage , f t h ey a nd t h e r e co rd s o ft h e c our t o fK ing ' s B ench o f e r t h e o n ly e v idence f o r t h e e x i s tence o fw ood land i ns om e p l ace s f o r w h ich f ew o the r r e co rd s h ave s u rv ived , l i ke B a r ton -on t h eH ea th . Whe re m ed ieva l d ocumen t s g i ve a d jacen t f i e ld -nam e s , o r sib o t he r d e ta i l s a bou t t h e s i te o f aw ood , i tm ay b e p os le t o

c a lenda r s g i ve v ar y ing a moun t s o f i n f o rma t ion a bou t t h e s u rvey s , t h e o r ig ina l s i nt h e P ub l ic R eco rd O ff ice h ave b een c on su l t ed .

a s t h e s i te s , s i ze s o r a r e s ome w e lcom e aw ood a tB a r ton -on a d jo in ing l a nd w a s

t r ace t h e s i t e , o r a t l e a s t p a r t o f i t , t h rough moder n m ap s . T i the m ap s a nd e s ta te m ap s h ave b een u sed f o r w h icheve r

T he c a lenda r h a s m i s in te rp re ted t h e i n f o rma t ion 6

p a r i she s o rm ano r s t h ey w e r e d r awn . O f ten t h ey h ave b een v i t a l t o l s i n t h e d e t ec t ion o f t h e s i t e s o f f o rm e r w ood s . o A lmo s t a s f r equ en t ly t h ey h ave b een a s ou r ce o f d i sappo in tm en t , e i th e r b ecau se a m ap d oe s n o t e x i s t , o r b ecau se m ed ieva l t o pog raph ica l n am e s w e r e r e p laced b y m od e rn n am e s b ef o r e t h e p l ace w a s f i r s tm apped . C oven t ry h a s b een ap a r t icu la r ly f r u s t ra t ing a r ea f o r t h a t r e a son . T h e t a d ja cen t p a r i sh o f S t on e le igh f a r ed much b e t e r . F o r r e xamp le , a m ap o f 1 597 c a r ied t h e f i e ld -nam e s B r ad l ey w h ich p r e sumab ly i n d ica t e t h e a pp rox im a t e l o ca t ion o ft h e f o rm e r w ood o ft h a t n am e , b u t o n am ap o ft h e s am e a r ea 6 I f al a rge r d r awn i n 1 766 t h e f i e ld s h ad b een r e nam ed .7 n umbe r o f s i x teen th -cen tu ry e s ta t e m ap s l i k e t h o se o f S t on e le igh a nd B ra i le s7 w e r e a va i lab l e , t h e t a sk o f i d en t if y ing t h e s i t e s o ff o rm e rw ood sw ou ld h ave b een m u ch e a s ie r .

F o r as umma ry o ft h e a u tho r 's r e sea r ch o n H amp ton Wood , s e e C hap te rT h ree . e 4 F o rt h em ean ing o ft h i s L a t in w o rd , s et h e s e c t ion o n w o rd s f o r w ood land b e low . 5 R a ckham ,H i s tory o f th eC oun try s id e ,p .8 3 . 6 F o r as umma ry o ft h e d eve lopmen t o ft h e w i ldwood , R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land ,p . 6a nd C hap te r8 , espec ia l ly p p . 9 7 -9 . 7 i b id . ,p .6 . 8 R ackham , A nc ien t W ood land , p p . 7 ,v i i i , a nd C hap t e r 8 ; i d em , H i s tory o f th e C oun t ry s id e ,p p . 6 4 -8 ; t h is d ef in i t ion w a sa pp l ied i n R . L ean a nd D .P . R ob in son , W arw ick sh ir e : I nven to ry o fA nc ien t W ood land ( Na tu re C on se rvancy C ounc i l , 1 989 ) . 9 S ee n o te 2a bove . 1 0 T h i s a nd t h e s u cceed ing p a rag raph s d r aw u pon R a ckham , l H i s tor yo ft h e C oun tr y s ide , e spec ia ly p p . 6 4 -7 , 8 7 -92 , 19 -22 a nd i d em , A nc ien t W ood land , p p . 3 5 , w he re m o r e d e ta i led a c coun t s m ay b ef o und . 1 R .E . L a tham , D ic t ionary o f Med ieva l L a t in f rom B r i t i sh 3

Wh i l s t t h e l o s o fm any d ocum en t s i sr e g r e tab le , t h i s s t udy s t h a s b een m ad e p os le b y t h e p r e se rva t ion o fo t h e r s , e ven sib s om et h a tw e r e d e sc r ibed a s" o ld w r i t ing s o fn ou s e " .7 8 T h e l l c h ap t e r s w h ich f o low w i l s how h ow much c an b e g l ean ed e v en f r om l a t e a nd f r agm en ta ry r e co rd s , p a r t i cu la r ly i nt h e c on t ex to fo t h e re v id en ce f o rt h eh i s to ry o fr u ra lt o pog r aphy .

S our ce s ,F a sc icu le I C(1 98 1) ,p .4 87 . 1 2 0 . R a ckham , ' Neo l i th ic Wood land Managem en ti nt h e S ome r se t L eve l s : G a rv in 's , Wa l ton H ea th , a nd R ow la nd 's T ra ck s ' , e d . J .M . C o le s , B . J . O rme , F .A . H ibbe r t , G .J . Wa inw r igh t , C . J . Y oung , S omer se t L ev e l s P ape r s , 3( 1 977 ) , p p . 6 5 -7 1 ; i d em , A nc ien t W ood land ,p p . 1 06 -7 . 1 3 0 . R a ckham , H ay le y W ood : I t s H i s tor y a nd E co lo gy ( 1 975 ) , p . 2 8 -31 . p 1 4 N o tab ly t h e B radf ie ld Wood s i nS uf fo lk -R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land ,p p . 2 6 -7 . 1 5 F o r e xamp le , i nt h e Wa rw ick sh i r e W i ld l if e T r u s t ' s r e se rve a t a s r e sum ed i nt h e 1 980 's a f te r a lo ng H amp ton Wood , w he re i tw p e r iod o f n eg lec t , a nd i n t h e p r iva te ly o wned w ood s o f L ong I t ch ing ton a nd U f ton . 1 6 0 . R ackham , T r ee s a nd W ood land i nt h e B r i t i sh L and scape ( 1 976 ) ,p p . 7 ,1 26 -7 . 1 7 F o r e xamp le , H .C . D a rby , D ome sday E ng land ( 1 977 ) , p . 1 82 , w he r e t h e L a t in p h ra se n on p as t i l i s i s t r an s la ted a s " w i thou t p annage " i n s tead o f" w i thou tp a s tu r e " . 1 8 R a ckham ,H i s tory o f th eC oun tr y s id e ,p .1 22 . 1 9 D a rby ,D ome sday E ng land ,p p . 1 74 , 1 76 , 1 78 . 2 0 F o r e xamp le , R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land , p . 1 40 ( t he L a t in t e x t t r an s la ted i n to E ng l i sh o n t h a t p age h a s n emu s w he re t h e t r an s la t ion g rove a ppea r s ) ; D . H ooke , ' P r e -Conque s t Wood land : i t sD is t r ibu t ion a nd U sage ' ,A g r icu l tura lH i s tory R ev iew ,3 7 ( 1 989 ) , p p . 13 -29 ,s e ep .1 2 1 . 2 1 F o r e xamp le , i nT anwo r th in -A rden c . 1500 , DR37 /74 /30 a nd N ewbo ld o nA von ,P .R .O . , S C 1 /685 . 2 2 R .E . L a tham ,R ev i sed Med ieva lL a t in W ord L i s t( 1 965 ) ,p .5 14 . 2 3 C .D ye r ,E veryday L if ei n Med ieva lE ng land ( 1 994 ) ,p . 13 . 2 4 K ing 's C o l lege , C amb r idge , WO W /87 r e f e r s t o a cr o f t a nd m es s uage e t c . i nU l lenha l l . 2 5 F o re xamp le , i nB adde s ley C l in ton i n1 465 , v i rgu l tum v oca tum G eg e sG rove , S .B .T . , DR 3 /793 . G egge G rove w a sw ood land i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod , s e e S .B .T . , DR3 / 103 , 1 58 . A l so i n K en i lwo r th , c um d uabu s g rau i s s i ue v i rgu l t i s i n v i l la d e K ene lwor th ,P .R .O . ,C 54 /200 r o t2 3d . 2 6 A si nS t re t ton -on -Fos se a nd T y soe ,s e eG a ze t t ee r ,A ppend ix 1 . 2 7 D a rby , D ome sday E ng land , p . 1 74 , s ugge s t s t h a t n emu s a nd s i lva w e r ei n t e r chang ea b l e . 2 8 i b id . ,p .1 76 . 2 9 i b id . ,p .1 87 . i 3 0 b id . , p . 1 89 ; L a tham , R ev i sed Med ieva lL a t in W ord L i s t , p p . 3 , 1 80 , 4 20 . F o rt h ev i ew t h a t a n a s sa r tw a sn o tn eces sa r i ly t a ken o u t o fw ood land , s e e R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land , p . 1 34 ( c i t ing J .A . ,R af t i s ,A s sar tD a ta a nd L and V a lue s : T wo S t ud ie si nt h eE as t M id land s ( 1 974) ) a nd e d . H .E . H a l lam , T he A g rar ian H i s tory o f E ng land a nd W a le s , V o lume I , 1 042 -1350 ( Camb r idge , 1 988 ) , p . 2 27 .

O ther s ource so fe v idence T h e r e h a s b een n o l a rge sca le a r chwo log i ca l f i e ldwo rk i n Wa rw ick sh i r ew h ich c ou ld h ave c omp lem en t ed d ocum en ta ry r e co rd s . Mu ch a r chwo log ica li n ve s t iga t ion i nt h e c oun ty h a s c on cen t ra t ed o n R omano -B r i t i sh u rban s e t lem en t s o r o n t s i t e s t h r ea t en ed b y t h e i mm inen t c on s t ruc t ion o f r o ad s o r b u i ld ing s . S om e e xcava t ion i n Wa rw ick sh i r e h a s v e r if i ed t h e s t ra t ig r aphy o fr o ad a nd b ounda ry a l ignm en t s i na n a r ea t o w h ich t o pog raph ica l a n a ly s i s h a s b een a pp l ied . T h e l r e su l t s o ft h i st e chn ique , w h ich w i lb ed e sc r ibed i nC h ap t e r s F i ve a nd S i x , h ave s i gn if i can t i mp l ica t ion s f o rt h e h i s to ry o f r u r a lt o pog r aphy a nd c on sequen t ly o fm ed ieva lw ood land i n t h ec oun ty . I n a dd i t ion , t h e r e su l t s o f f i e ldwo rk i no t he r c oun t i e s h av e s hown h ow v a luab l e s u ch r e sea r ch c an b e f o r t o pog raph ica l s o h i s to ry . Awa r enes f t h e s i gn if i can ce o f t h e r e su l t s o f a r chwo log i ca lf i e ld s u rvey e l sewhe re p rov id e s av i ta lc on t ex t f o r t h e i n t e rp r e ta t ion o f d ocum en t a ry e v id en ce f o r Wa rw ick sh i r e . D e sp i t e t h e i n ad equa c ie s o f t h e a va i lab le r e co rd s , t h e f o l low ing c hap t e r s w i l l s how t h a t t h e r e i s e nough e v id en ce , s ub jec t t o c a r ef u l i n t e rp re t a t ion , f o r a n a t t emp t t ob e m ad e t of u lf i l t h e a im s a nd o b jec t ive s o ft h i s s t udy .

a Ma re ,A l lT ha t ' sP as t . IW a l t e rd el 0 . R ackham , T he H i s tory o ft h e C oun try s id e ( 1986 ) , p p . 8 -90 ; i d em , T ree s a nd W ood land i n t h e B r i t i sh L and scape ( s econd e d i t ion , 1 990 ) ,p p . 6 2 ,7 7 -82 ; i d em ,A nc ien t W ood land : i t sh i s tor y , v eg e ta t ion a nd u se s i n E ng land ( 1 980 ) , p . 1 37 . T h i s s t udy i s g r ea t ly i n deb ted t oD r . R a ckham ' sr e sea rch a nd w r i t ing s .

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7

3 1 T he re i sa n e xcep t ion i n t h e c a lenda r o f t h e m anu sc r ip t s a t l Me r eva le H a l , c opy i n W .C .R .O . , M I 2 11 , i n w h ich n o . 6 10 , a d eed d a ted t ot h el a te t h ir teen th c en tu ry , i n c lude st wo a s sa r t so nt h e r h ea th i nt h et e r i to ry o fS hu s toke . 3 2 S ee , f o r e xamp le , d eeds r e f er ring t o A l le s ley a nd C oundon , C .R .O . , BA /B /A J47 /3 11 a nd BAJB /AJ55 / 110 a nd t o S t one le igh , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/ 1130 , 147 ,P .R .O . , E 326 /6 180 , E2 10 /7314 . 3 T he C ompac tE d i t ion o ft h e O xf ord E ng l i sh D ic t ionary ( 1 97 1) , V o l . I ,p p . 2 54 1 , 3 062 . 3 4 M . G e l l ing , ' Why A ren ' t We S peak ing We lsh ' i ne d . W . F i lme r S ankey ,A ng lo -Saxon S t ud ie si nA rchaeo logy a nd H i s tory 6( 1 993 ) , p p . 5 1 -6 f o r t h e t wo p l a ce -name s ; i d em , p e r sona l c ommun ica t ion , f o rc onf i rma t ion o ft h ed i s t inc tp os i l i ty o ft h e s u rv iva l o fc e to i n sib t h e n ame o f am ed ieva l Wa rw ick sh i re w ood -s e e C hap te r T h ree u nde rB in ley a nd a l so C hap te rF ive . 3 5 M . G e l l ing , P lace -N ame s i nt h e L and scape ( 1 984 ) , p p . 1 90 1 ;

R a ckham ,A nc ien t W ood land ,p p . 1 32 -3 . S ee , f o r e xamp le , t h e t i t le o f t h e p e r iod ica l M ed ieva l A r cheo log y , a l so P .H . S awye r , ' Med ieva l E ng l i sh S e t t lemen t : N ew I n te rp re ta t ion s ' , e d . P .H . S awye r , E ng l i sh Med ieva l S e t t lemen t ( 1 979 ) ,p p . 1 8 ,e spec ia ly p .8 . l 3 7 e d . C .R . C heney , H andbook o fD a te sf or S t ud en t s o fE ng l i sh H i s tor y( Roya lH is to r ica l S oc ie ty , L ondon , 1 978 ) ,p p .4 5 . 3 8 N . B rook s , ' T he c r ea t ion a nd e a r ly s t ruc tu re o ft h e k i ngdom o f K en t ' a nd M . We lch , ' The k i ngdom o f t h e S ou th S axon s : t h e o r ig in s ' , e d . S . B as t , T he O r ig ins o fA ng lo -Saxon K ingdoms se t ( 1 989 ) ,p p . 5 5 -74 , 7 5 -83 . 3 9 C .S . T ay lo r , ' T he O r ig in o f t h e Me rc ian S h i r e s ' , e d . H .P .R . F i nbe rg , G louce s ter sh i re S t ud ie s( 1 957 ) ,p p . 1 7 -51 . 4 0 T .R . S l a te r , ' T he O r ig in s o f Wa rw ick ' , M id land H i s to ry , 8 ( 1 983 ) ,p p . 1 13 , s ep .3 . e 4 1 F .M . S t en ton , A ng lo -Saxon E ng land ( t h i rd e d i t ion , 1 97 1) , p . ; C .R . H a r t , T he H ida t ion o fN or thamp tonsh i re , U n ive r s i ty o f 37 L e ice s te r D epa r tmen t o fE ng l i sh L oca l H is to ry O cca s iona l P ape r s , S econd S e r ie s ,N umbe r 3( 1970 ) ,p p . 1 4 -5 . 4 2 S . B as t , ' T he a dm in is t ra t ive l a nd scape o f t h e d i oce se o f se t Wo r ce s te r i nt h e t e n th c en tu ry ' , e d . N . B rook s a nd C . C ub i t t , S t . O swa ld o fW or ce s te r : L if e a nd i nf luence ( 1996 ) , p p . 1 47 -73 , s e e p p . 1 5 1-7 . 4 3 S .B as se t t , ' I n s e a r ch o ft h e o r ig ins o fA ng lo -Saxon k i ngdom s ' , e d . i d em , T he O r ig ins o f A ng lo -Saxon K ingdom s , p p . 3 -27 , s e ep p . 6 17 . 4 4 A .E . T rueman , G eo logy a nd S cenery i n E ng land a nd W a le s ( r ev i sed e d i t ion , 1 972 ) , C hap te r 1 0 , p rov ide s au sef u l l a yman 's g u ide . 4 5 G .H . D u ry , T he F ace o ft h e E ar th ( f ou r th e d i t ion , 1 976 ) , p p . 1 87 -8 . 4 6 W .A .D Wh i tf ie ld , S o i l S urvey R ecord N o . 1 9 : S o i l s i n W arw ick sh ir e 1 : S hee t S P36 ( L eam ing ton S pa ) ( 1974 ) ; W .A .D . Wh i tf ie ld a nd G .R . B ea rd , S o i l S urvey R ecord N o . 2 5 : S o i l s i n W arw ick sh ir eI : S hee tS PO5 ( A lce s ter ) ( 1975 ) ; i d em , S o i lS ur vey R ecord N o . 4 5 : S o i l si nW arw ick sh ire I I : S hee t sS P47 / 48 ( Rugby W e s t /W o lvey ) ( 1977 ) ; i d em , S o i lS ur vey R ecord N o . 6 6 : S o i l s i n W arw ick sh ire I V : S hee tS P29 / 39 ( Nunea ton ) ( 1980 ) ; G .R . B ea rd , S o i l S ur vey R ecord N o . 8 1 : S o i l s i n W arw ick sh ir e V : S hee t S P27 / 37 ( Coven try S ou th ) ( 1984 ) ; W .A .D . Wh i tf ie ld , S o i lS ur vey . R ecord N o .101 : S o i l s i n W arw ick sh ire V I . S hee t S P 2 5 / 35 ( S t ra tf ord -upon -Avon E as t )( 1986 ) . 4 7 T . W i l l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s : Wood land a nd C hamp ion i n S ou the rn a nd E a s ter n E ng land ' , L and scape H i s tory 1 0 ( 1988 ) , p p . 5 13 , s e e p . 7 ; C . D ye r , H anbu ry : S e t t l emen t a nd S oc ie ty i n aW ood land L and scape , U n ive r s i ty o f L e ice s te r D epa r tmen t o fE ng l i sh L oca l H i s to ry O cca s iona l P ap e r s , F ou r th S e r ie s ,N umbe r 4( 199 1) , p p . 1 0 11 . H oweve r , ab e l ief t h a t h eavy c l ay s o i l s i nf luence t h e r e g iona l i n c idence o f w ood land p e r s i s t s i n , f o r e xamp le , A . S qu i re s a nd M . J e eve s , L e ice s te r sh ir e a nd R u t land W ood land sP as ta nd P re sen t( 1994 ) ,p .3 0 . 4 8 R a ckham ,A nc ien t W ood land ,p p . 9 7 -9 . 3 6

W .G . H o sk in s , L oca l H i s tory i n E ng land ( s econd e d i t ion , 1 972 ) ,p p . 2 3 -7 . 5 0 J . B . H a r ley , Map s a nd t h e L oca l H i s tor ian ( 1972 ) , p p . 3 5 -6 ; F .G . Emm i son ,A rch ive sa nd L oca lH i s tor y( 1 966 ) ,p p . 6 2 -4 . 5 1 S ee C .N .L . B rooke ,' Ru ra lE cc le s ia s t ica lI n s t i tu t ion si nE ng land : t t h e s e a r ch f o rt h e i ro r ig in s ' , S e t imane d iS t ud io d e l C en tro I t a l iano l I I d iS t ud i S u l 'a l to Med ioevo , XXV I ( 1 982 ) , V o l . 2 ,p p . 6 85 -7 11 ; G .W .O . A dd le shaw , T he B eg inn ing s o ft h e P aroch ia l S y s tem , S t . l A n thony ' s H a l P ub l ica t ion s N o . 3( t h i rd e d i t ion , 1 970 ) , p . 12 ; G .W .O . A dd le shaw , T he D eve lopmen t o f t h e P aroch ia l S y s tem f rom C har lemagne ( 768 -814 ) t o U rban I ( 1088 -1099 ) , S t . l A n thony ' sH a lP ub l ica t ion sN o . 6( s econd e d i t ion , 1 970 ) ,p .1 4 . 5 2 J . B . H a r ley , O rdnance S urvey Map s : ad esc r ip t ive m anua l ( 1 975 ) ,p .8 1 . 5 3 V CH ,V o l . V I ,p p . 7 ,1 60 , 1 63 . 5 4 F .W . Ma i t land , D ome sday B ook a nd B eyond ( 1 897 ) , p p . 1 47 5 0 . 5 5 R . O l ive r , O rdnance S urvey Maps : ac onc i se g u id e f or h i s tor ians ( 1993 ) ,p .7 3 . 5 6 Ma i t land ,D ome sday B ook a nd B eyond ,p p . 1 07 -28 . 5 7 W .B . S t ephen s ,S ource s for E ng l i sh L oca lH i s tory ( 1 98 1) ,p .5 . 5 8 W .C .R .O . , CR 136 N 122 . 5 9 S .B .T . , DRS /2246b ; V CH ,V o l . I I ,p .3 0 . . MSS . 6 0 M 4 9

W .C .R .O . , CR 136 . Ar e ad i ly a va i lab le e d i t ion i sp ub l i shed i nc oun ty v o lum e s b y l ri P h i l imo r e . T he v o lume f o r Wa rw ick sh i r e , e d . J . Mor s , red t D ome sday B ook . 2 3 . W arw ick sh ire ( 1 976 ) i sr e f er o i n t h i s s t udy b yt h ea bb rev ia t ion DB . f 6 3 A s i ne d . W .B . B ick ley ,A b s trac t o ft h e b a i l if s 'a ccoun t so ft h e m ona s t ic a nd o t he r e s ta te s i n t h e c oun ty o f W arw ick u nd e r t h e s uper v i s ion o ft h e C our t o fA ugmen ta t ion f or t h e y ear e nd ing a t M ichae lmas , 1 547 , D ugda le S oc ie ty P ub l ica t ion s , V o l I( 1 923 ) , a t r an s la t ion o f B .R .L . , 1 68 ,255 . O n p .4 2 i tt r an s la te s " d im id [ ia ] r g ran [a rum ] " a s" ha lf ag rove " ,a ne ro rw h ich l e dt o as e a r ch i nv a in f o r ' g rove ' p l a ce -name s i nH a rbu ry u n t i l p e ru sa l o fa no the r s e t o f c I I mona s t ic a coun t s , P .R .O . , S C 6 /Hen .V I /3738 , i n w h ich t h e H a rbu ry e n t ry r e ad " d im id ' G rana r ' " , r e vea led t h e p ub l i shed m i s in te rp r e ta t ion . 6 4 T h i s i st h e c a se f o r m o s t o f t h e A s ton MSS . i n t h e B r i t i sh L ib ra ry , f i lmed f o ru se w i th al o ca lh i s to ry g roup i nN unea ton ,h e ld i n Nunea ton L ib ra ry a nd c on sequen t ly o fg r ea tb enef i tt ot h i ss t udy i ns a v ing j ou rney st oL ondon . W .C .R .O . h o ld sm ic rof i lm c op ie so f t h e B eauchamp c a r tu la ry ( B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , W .C .R .O . , M I 1 77 ) , t h e K en i lwo r th c a r tu la r ie s ( B .L . , H a n. MS . 3 650 a nd A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , W .C .R .O . , M I 3 92 ) , t h e C oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry R eg i s te r ( P .R .O . , E 1 64 /2 1 , W .C .R .O . , M I 4 09 ) a nd v a r iou s s u rvey si nt h eP ub l ic R eco rd O ff ice . I ta l so h a s ap ho tos ta tc opy o f t h e c a r tu la ry o fS t . Ma ry 's , Wa rw ick ( P .R .O . , E1 64 /22 , W .C .R .O . , Z 251(Sm ) ) . 6 5 Al i s t o f t h e r e co rd o f f ice s , l i b ra r ie s a nd p r iva te r e po s i to r ie s v i s i ted d u r ing t h ea u tho r 's r e sea rch i s gi ven i nt h eP ref a ce . 6 6 BD . 6 7 F o r e xamp le , J .B la i r , E ar ly Med ieva l S ur rey . L andho ld ing , C hur ch a nd S e t t lemen tb ef or e 1 300 ( 199 1) ,p .1 , d e sc r ibe sp r iva te d eed sa s" t he mo s tu sef u lw r i t ten s ou r ce s " . 6 8 I n 1 879 , s e e G .R .C . D av is , Med ieva l C ar tu lar ie s ,o f G r ea t B r i ta in : as hor tc a ta logue ( 1 958 ) ,p .3 . 6 9 P .R . C os s, T he E ar ly R ecord so f M ed ieva lC ov en t ry ( 1986 ) ,p p . 1 10 . 7 0 R BW ,p .2 77 . 7 1 C a lendar o fI nqu i s i t ions P o s t Mor tem VI I I, n o . 1 26 ,p .7 1 . 7 2 P .R .O . , C 135 /51/7 r e ad s , i n t h e r e levan t p a r t , B oscu s c u iu s s ubbo scus n u l lus q uare d uobu s a nn i s e l ap s i s t am s ubboscu s q uam m agnus b oscus p ros tra tus f u i t e t p as tura i b id em n i ch i l v a le t p rop ter s a lvac ionem i u ven i sb o sc ii b id em c r e scen t i s . 7 3 N . A dam s , ' T he J ud ic ia l C onf l ic t o ve r T i the s ' , E ng l i sh H i s tor ica lR ev iew ,L I I( 1937 ) ,p p . 1 22 ,s e ep p . 2 0 -2 1 . 6 1

6 2

8

P .R .O . , C1 32 /35 / 13 , C1 34 /49 a nd 5 1 , E1 49 /60 / 16 , C1 40 /67 . P .R .O . , C 1 34 /49 a nd 5 1 , C 1 33 / 14 /2 , C 1 34 /91/27 a nd DL 4 3 / 14 / 3 . 7 6 F o r ac opy o ft h e m ap o f 1 597 , W .C .R .O . , Z 14 1/ 1(U ) , a nd o f t h em ap o f1 766 ,Z 142 (L ) . 7 7 W .C .R .O . , CR 3231 , a n e s ta te m ap o f B ra i le s d a ted c . 1585 , s how s w ood land i nU ppe r B ra i le s , i nt h e a r ea w he r e d ocum en ta ry e v idence s ugge s t st h a tt h em ed ieva lw ood land w a ss i tua ted . 7 8 T h i s n o te w a s f ound i n ab ox i n t h e B rom ley D avenpo r t c o l lec t ion i nt h e J ohn R y land s U n ive r s i ty L ib ra ry o f Manche s te r ( BD ) . 7 4 7 5

9

Chapter TH E

W O O DL A ND

Two

OF SO U T H AN D

W A R WI C KS HI RE

T h e t o pog raphy o f Wa rw ick sh i r e s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e r i ve r A von i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod , t y p i ca ly a r e g ion o f l r e gu la ro pen f i e ld s a nd n uc lea t ed s e t lem en t s , h a s o f t en b een t c on t ra s t ed w i th t h e c oun t ry s id e i nt h e n o r th a nd w e s t o ft h e c oun ty , w h e r e e n c lo sed f i e ld s w e r e mo r e p r eva len t , w h e r e s e t lem en t w a s m o r e s c a te red a nd w he r e t h e r e w a s much t t w ood land .1 S u ch d e sc r ip t ion s i mp ly t h e a b sen ce o f l a rge a r ea s o fw ood land s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e r i ve r A von . S om e s c ho la r s h ave b een m o r e e xp l ic i t a nd h ave d r awn as t a rk e r c on t ra s t , d e sc r ib ing t h a tp a r to f Wa rw ick sh i r e a s" wood les , s" o rv i r tua ly s o ,b yt h e e nd o ft h e e l even t hc en tu ry .2 O n eh a s l g on e s o f a r a st oc l a im t h a t t h e l i t le w ood land r e co rd ed i n t D om e sday B ook w a s " r ea ly l o ca ted m any m i le s a way i nt h e l he se c l a im sh ave b een a compan ied m o r e w ooded p a r t s " .3 T c b y d e ta i l ed a n a ly s i s a nd r e pea t ed t o t h e p o in t w h e r e t h ey h ave b ecom ea na cep t ed v i ew . c

EAS T

1 086-1500

t o pog raph i ca l r e co rd .6 T h e l o ca l v a r ia t ion s i n t h e d e sc r ip t ion a nd m ea su rem en t o f w ood land r e f l ec t b o th t h e c oun ty b a s i so ft h er e tu rn sm ad et ot h ek i ng ' sc omm is e r s sion a nd t h e e x t en t o f t h e c i r cu i t s i n w h ich t h ey t r ave l ed t o l c o lec tt h ei n f o rm a t ion .7 l Mo s t e n t r ie s i nD om e sday B ook u se o n e o f t h e f o low ing l f o rmu lw : -8 -sw in e t o ta l s , o ve r w h ich t h e r e i s ad i f e r en ce o fo p in ion f a st ow h e the r t h ey r e f e r t ot h e e s t ima t ed n umbe r o fp i g s f o rp a s tu r eo rf o rp annage ;9 s w in e r e nd e r s o rr e n t s , w h ich w e r e a ppa ren t ly r e la t ed t o p ann age ; l i n ea r d im en s ion s , u sua ly e xp r es n l e agu e s a nd l sed i f u r long s , p r e sumab ly b e ing t h e c ompo s i t e l e ng th a nd b r ead th o ft h e a r ea ( s ) o fw ood land a ed t ot h em ano r tach a nd p r e sum ab ly a tt h em ax imum e x t en tw i thou ta ing low f o ri la r ,i n d en t ed s h ape s ; regu

I tw i l b e a r gu ed h e r e t h a t t h i s v i ew o f s ou th a nd e a s t l Wa rw i ck sh i r ei sm i s tak en . Wh i l s tt h i sp a r to ft h e c oun ty d i d n o t h ave n ea r ly a sm uch w ood land a st h e r e s t i nt h e p e r iod 1 086 t o 1 500 , i td i d h ave a si gn if i can t n umbe r o f w ood s , c e r ta in ly e nough t ob e l i et h ea d jec t ive " wood les . s"

-ac r e s ,w h i ch p rov id e ar e a sonab ly a cu ra t e m ea su r em en t , c a l though t h e r e i sn o i n d ica t ion a st ow h e th e r t h e s t a tu t e a c r eo r al a rge ra c r ew a su sed . 1°

D ome sday B ook T h e c l a im t h a t Wa rw ick sh i r e s ou th a nd e a s to ft h eA von h ad v i r tua ly n ow ood si sb a sed o n al a rge ly u n c r i t i ca la cep t an ce l c o f t h e i n f o rm a t ion a bou t Wa rw ick sh i r e i n t h e D om e sday B ook . I t o v e r look s t h a t d ocum en t ' s i n ad equa c i e s a nd i n con s i s t enc ie s , w h ich h ave b een e xpo sed i nr e la t ion t ot h e w ay i nw h i ch , a nd t h e p u rpo se s f o r w h ich , t h e D om e sday s u rvey w a s u nd e r t ak en . D om e sday B ook i sp a r t icu la r ly i n ad equa t e a s ar e co rd o f s e t lem en t , c hu r che s , p a s tu r e , t t s v a r ia t ion s a nd l im i ta t ion s a r e v e ry m a r sh a nd h ea th .4 I a ppa r en ti ni t st r ea tm en to fw ood land .

T h e r e w e r e o cca s iona ly e n t r ie s w h i ch d epa r t ed f r om t h e l f o rmu la w h i ch w a st y p ica lo ft h ep a r t i cu la rc oun ty o rr e g ion , o r w h ich u s ed t e rm s o t h e r t h an t h e s t anda rd f o rmu l. 1 S om e o f t h e se e n t r ie s m ak e t a n ta l i s ing r e ad ing , g i v ing a t g l imp se o fw ha tm igh th ave b een w r i t en i ft h e c omp i le r s o f 2 M o s t D om e sd ay B ook h ad b een m o r ei n t e r e s t ed i nw ood s .1 o ft h e Wa rw ick sh i r e r e f e r en ce s u sed l i n ea r d im en s ion s , b u t t h e r ea r et wo e n t r i e sw h ich a r ec omp le t e ly d i f e r en tf r om t h i s f n o rm a lf o rmu la . T h e i rs i gn if i can ce w i lb ed i scus e low . l sed b Mo s t o f D om e sday B ook ' s r e f e r en ce s t o w ood land s h a r e t h r ee d ef i c ien c ie s . G ene ra ly , t h e r e i sn o i d en t if i ca t ion o r l l o ca t ion o f w ood land w i th in m ano r s , j u s t a s f i e ld s a nd m eadow sa r en o tn am ed o rl o ca t ed ; o n ly s e ven e n t r i e sn am e w ood s .1 3 I th a s b een s hown t h a t t h e w ood land o f s om e m ano r s w a s d e ta ch ed g eog raph ica ly , p e rhap s b y m any l m i le s , f r om t h e m ano r ia l c en t r e , b u t D om e sday B ook g i ve s 4 T h ec a se n o rm a ly c i t ed i n n oi n d i ca t ion o ft h i ss e pa ra t ion .1 l Wa rw i ck sh i r e i s B ra i le s , f o r w h ich D om e sday B ook r e co rd ed s i lva m ea su r ing t h r ee l e ague sb yt wo , a rm o s to f l o

As umm a ry o fs om e o ft h e r e sea r ch i n to D om e sday B ook ' s r e co rd s o fw ood land i sp r e sen t ed h e r e i no rd e r t oc on s id e r t h e i mp l i ca t ion so ft h a tr e sea r ch f o rt h eD om e sday s u rvey o f Wa rw ick sh i re . T he re a r e a bou t s e ven t h ou sand r e f e ren ce s t ow ood land i n D om e sday B ook , w h i ch c ove r s mo s to fE ng land a nd as m a l l p a r t o f Wa le s .5 T h e d i ff i cu l t ie s i n i n t e rp r e t ing t h e se r e f e ren ce s a r e d u e l a rge ly t o t h e e mpha s i s o n m ano r ia l i n com ei nt h eD om e sday s u rvey ; D om e sday B ook w a sn o ta

1 0

w h ich i st h ough t , f o low ing S i r W i l iam D ugd a l e , t o h av e l l b een i nT anwo r th in -A rden , o ve r t wen ty m i l e s t ot h e n o r th . T anwo r th w a s am ano r ia l d epend en cy o f B ra i le s a nd a p a ro ch ia l d epend en cy o f B ra i le s c hu r ch a nd h ad p l en ty o f w ood land i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod . I5 I n m any o f D om e sd ay B ook ' s e n t r ie s t h e re i s no p r ec i se m ea su r em en to f t h e q uan t i ty o r a r ea o f w ood land . Wa rw ick sh i r e i sl e s s d ef i c i en t i nt h i s r e spec t . Mo s t e n t r ie s m ak e n o r e f e r en ce t o t h e m an agem en t o ft h e w ood land ; u sua ly w e d o n o t k now l w h e the ri tw a sc opp ice w ood o rw ood p a s tu r e .

6 T h e D om e sday B ook t o w ood land i n e i th e r p l a ce .2 I nqu i s i t io c om i ta tu s C an tabr ig ien s i s m en t ion ed w ood s i n t wo C amb r idge sh i r e m ano r s f o rw h ich t h e r e i s no w ood land 7 i nt h ee n t r ie si nD om e sday B ook .2

Wha ta r et h ei mp l ica t ion so ft h e se c on c lu s ion sf o rD om e sday B ook ' s r e f e r en ce s t o Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w ood land ? T h e c omp i le r s o fD om e sday B ook u sed t h e L a t in s i lva , g en e r a ly l t r an s la t ed a sw ood , i nr e f er o Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w ood land ring t a nd u sua ly g ave i t s l i nea r d im en s ion s . T h e n oun w a s n o t l q ua l if i ed b y t h e a d jec t ive s m inu ta a nd p a s t i l i s u s ed i n t h e L in co ln sh i r ee n t r ie s , s ot h e r ew a sn oi n d i ca t ion a st ow h e th e r t h e s i l va c on s i s t ed o f u nd e rwood o r w ood p a s tu r e o r a m ix tu re o fb o th . I th a sb een e s t ima t ed t h a tn i n e t een p e r c en t o f Wa rw i ck sh i r ew a ss i lva i n1 086 ,b u tt h a tt h ep ropo r t ion i n

I nt h e se c i r cum s tan ce s i t is h a rd ly s u rp r i s ing t h a t s t ud ie s o f D om e sd ay B ook ' s r e co rd s o f w ood land h ave p roduced c on c lu s ion sw h ich d on o te n t i re ly c o re spond . r D r . R a ckh am h a s c l a im ed t h a t D om e sday B ook ' s r e co rd s o f w ood land a r e g en e ra ly r e l iab l e , I6 t h a t t h e r e w a s n o r a ndom l u nd e r r e co rd ing I7 a nd t h a t t h e p a te rn o f w ood ed a nd t w ood les e g ion s r e vea led i nD om e sday B ook i ss uppo r t ed s r b yd o cum en ta ry e v id en ce f r om t h el a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod a nd f r om e a r ly m ed ieva l c ha r t e r b ounda r ie s» D r . R a ckham ' s a r gumen t h a s b een s uppo r t ed b y h i s d e t a i led s t udy o f h es e c t ion o fD om e sday B ook d ea l ing w i th L in co ln sh i r e . I9 T L in co ln sh i r e i s u n iqu e i n h av ing a n e xp l ic i t d i s t in c t ion b e twe nd e rwood ( s i lva m inu ta ) , w ood p a s tu r e ( s i l va en u Th e l a t e rp h ra se h a s p a s t i l i s ) a nd s i l va p a s t i l i sp er l o ca . 2° ( t b een i n t e rp r e t ed v a r iou s ly a s w ood p a s tu r ed i np l ace s , i e . . c opp i ce w ood sa nd w ood p a s tu re i n t e r spe r sed w i th in as i ng l e 1 a nd a sw ood p a s tu r ei np l ace s ,i e . mo r et h an o n ea r ea a r ea ,2 . t udy o f c en t r a l o f w ood p a s tu r e w i th in t h e m ano r .2 ) A s L in co ln sh i r e b y D r . G .F . P e t e rken f ound t h a t p l ace s w i th r e co rd s o fw ood s a nd w ood p a s tu r e i n 1 086 m a t ch ed v e ry t c l o se ly m od er n s e t lemen t s w i th a n c ien t w ood s a nd t h a t i n m any c a se s t h e s i z e s o ft h e se w ood s w e r e r ough ly t h e s am e 3 A s im i la r a s t h e a c r eage s g i ven i n D om e sday B ook .2 r e la t ion sh ip b e tw een e l even th -cen tu ry a nd l a t e r w ood s h a s 4 T h e se b een c l a im ed f o rt h e L iza rd p en in su la o fC or nwa l 1 .2 s t ud i e s s u gge s t s t ab i l i ty i n w ood land o ve r a t l e a s t n i n e c en tu r ie s .

t h e n o r th a nd w e s t o ft h e c oun ty w a s o ve r o n e t h i rd , t h i r ty l f i ve p e rc en t . T h e q uan t i t i e so fs i lva w e r ei n d iv idua ly l a rge ; i nt h e c oun ty a s aw ho le t h e r e w e r e 1 20 r e f e r en ce s t os i lva 8 c ompa r ed w i th 4 32 i nL inco ln sh i r e .2 I th a s b een c a l cu la t ed t h a t t h e e l even th -c en tu ry w ood s o f L in co ln sh i r e , a s r e co rd ed i n D om e sday B ook , c ove r ed a pp rox im a t e ly f ou rp e rc en to ft h e l a nd s u rf a ce .2 9 S ub jec tt o r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s i np opu la t ion d en s i ty a nd a va i lab i l i ty o f a l t er n a t ive s ou r ce s o ff u e l a nd b u i ld ing m a t e r ia l s , i tm ay b e r e a son ab le t o a sum e t h a t a broad ly s im i la r p r opo r t ion o f s w ood land w ou ld m ee t l o ca l n s e l sewh e r e . O n t h i s eed a sump t ion i tw ou ld n o t h ave b eces ry t om an age a s een n sa l o f Wa rw i ck sh i r e ' s l a rge a r ea s o f s i lva i n t en s ive ly b y c opp i c ing , b u t a s t h e s i l va w a s v a luab le e nough t oj u s t if y e n t ry i nD om e sday B ook i t mu s t h ave b een u s ed t o s om e p u rpo se a nd p rof i t ,p r e sumab ly a sw ood p a s tu r e . A n u nu sua l e n t ry f o r O f ley i nH e r t f o rd sh i r e s u ppo r t s t h i s f s ugge s t ed l i nk b e tw een s i lva a nd w ood p a s tu r e . I tr e ad s S i lva c xp or c i s . N emu s a ds epe s -s i l va f o r 1 20 p i g s , n emu s x h e s ub s t i tu t ion i no t h e r r e co rd s o fs i lva f o r f o r f e n ce s . 3° T n emu s h a s b een h e ld t on u l if y t h e d i s t in c t ion s u gge s t ed b y l t h e e n t ry f o r O f ley , 3Ib u t f o r t h e p eop l e w ho p r ov id ed t h e f i n f o rm a t ion a bou t O f ley t h e re w a s ad i f e r en ce . S om e f f s c ho la r sh ave t r an s la t ed n emu sa sg r ove .3 2

I ts em s s c a r ce ly c r ed ib le t h a t L in co ln sh i r e w a s t h e o n ly e c oun t y i nE ng land i n w h ich p r ec i se d i s t in c t ion s c ou ld b e d r awn b e tw een u nd e rwood a nd w ood p a s tu r e . D r . R a ckh am h im s e lf h a s a ppa r en t ly r e ached t h i s c onc lu s ion i nr e spec t o f fo S uf lk . H i s s t ud i e s o f t h a t c oun ty , f o r w h ich D om e sday s s en B ook ' s a sesm t o f w ood land w a s i n s w in e t o t a l s , c on c lud e t h a t a bou t h a lf t h e w ood land w h ich e x i s t ed i n fo t S uf lk i n t h e l a t e e l even th c en tu ry w a s om i t ed f r om D om e sd ay B ook . H e s ugge s t s t h a t t h e n umbe r s o f p i g s r e f le c ted ,n o tt h er e la t ive n o rt h e a b so lu t e s i ze o fw ood s ,b u t e t h e i r m anagem en t , b ecau se w ood p a s tu r e c ou ld f ed m o r e l l p i g s t ot h e a c r e . Sm a l a nd w ho ly c opp iced w ood s w e r e t l t o m i t ed f r om t h e r e co rd a l toge the r o ra lo t ed af ew n o t ion a l 5 T h e se c on c lu s ion s a bou t S uf lk ' s w ood land fo p i g s .2 p o s tu la t e al a rge u nd e r reco rd ing o f w ood s i n 1 086 w h i ch w a s s y s t em a t i c , n o t r andom , a nd b a sed o n ad i s t in c t ion b e twe opp ice w ood sa nd w ood p a s tu r e . en c

O th e re v id en ce s ugge s t s t h a tn o t o n ly m uch o f , b u tp r obab ly a f , Wa rw i ck sh i r e ' s s i l va a sr e co rd ed i nD om e sd ay B ook l o w a s p r edom inan t ly w ood p a s tu r e . T h i s e v id en ce c om e s p a r t ly f r om t h e b ounda ry c l au se s a t ach ed t o t wo o f t h e t r e la t ive ly f ew p r e -Conque s t c ha r te r s w h i ch h av e b een p r e se rv ed f o r t h e D om e sday c oun ty o f Wa rw i ck sh i r e .3 D om e sday B ook i t s e lf p rov id e s mo r ee v id en ce . t T h e b ound a ry o f S ho t e ry , n ea r S t ra t f o rd -upon -Avon , i s ta t a ched t o ac ha r t e r w h i ch i sa t r ibu t ed t ot h e d e cad e 6 99 4 T h eb ounda ry i s l 7 09 a nd i su sua ly r e ga rd ed a sa u th en t i c .3 t h ough tt ob e o f al a t e r d a t e .3 5 I t s c ou r se h a s n o tb een f u l ly 6 H owev e r ,B i lk sl e ah i s t r a ced i nr e la t ion t om od er nm ap s .3 p r e sum ab ly B i le s ley o nt h ew e s t e rn e dge o fS ho t e ry .3 l t 7 T h e n ex t p o in t i nt h e b ounda ry i sw e s tg raf , w h ich i st h ough t t o c o r r e spond t o t h e w ood w h ich i sc a l led We s tg rov e t o day . T h a t w ood , w h ich i sr e co rded b y n am e i n t h e s i x t een th c en tu ry ,3 8 i si nH a se lo r p a r i sh , n ea r t o , b u t n o t a tp r e sen t a d jo in ing , t h e b ounda ry w i th B in ton a nd n o t f a r f r om l B i l e s l ey ( F ig . 1 ) .

O th e r s t ud ie s p o in t t o u nde r r eco rd ing o f w ood s i n o t h e r c oun t ie s . S eve ra l c ha r t e r s r e la t ing t ot h e l a nd s o fA b ingdon A bbey i nt h e e l even th a nd t we lf th c en tu r ie s r e f er ot h e red t w ood s o f C la mo r a nd B ag ley ; t h e r e i sn o r e f e r en ce i n 1

T he b ounda ry o f L ong I t ch ing ton , s ome m i le s e a s t o f Warw ick , i s d e scr ibed i n ac l au se a ppend ed t o ac ha r te r 3 w h ich i sd a ted t o 1 00 1 a nd i sa l so r e ga rded a sa u then t ic .4 A f te r l e av ing t h e r i ve r I t chen t h e b ound s r e f e r t o ah i gh o ak l i nt h em idd le o fw u luh tg raf T he p ref ix t og raf c on t a in st h e s am e p e r sona l n am e a s i sf ound i n t h e p l a ce -nam e o f t h e Wood land s t radd le s t h e p r e sen t a d jacen t p a r i sh , U f ton .4

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b ounda ry b e tween U f ton a nd L ong I t ch ing ton a t ap o in t r l w h ich c o re spond s t o t h e w u luh t g raf , e a ch p ar t o f t h e w ood i sn amed a f te r t h e r e spec t ive p a r i sh . Am ap o f 1 672 5 l s how s ac l o se c a led G rove F u r long b y U f ton Wood .4 T he se w ood s , o r t h e c o r e o f t h em , a r e t h ough t t o b e t h e 6 H oweve r , D ome sday B ook w u luh tg raf r e co rded i n1 00 1 .4 l 7 af a c t d oe s n o t r e co rd s i lva f o r L ong I t ch ing ton o rU f ton ,4 8 w h ich h a sb een s t range ly o ve r looked .4

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v e ry l a rge t e r r i tory , w h ich i s t h ough t t o h ave i n c luded B in ton . 4° S t ho te ry i sn o t m en t ioned i nD om e sday B ook ; i t i s pr e sumed t oh ave b een i n c luded i nt h e e n t ry f o r S t ra tf o rd , 1 o fw h ich i tw a s ad ependency i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod .4 T he re i sn o r e f e rence t o a ny s i lva i n t h e D ome sday B ook l e n t r ie s f o r S t ra tf o rd , B i le s ley , B in ton o r H a se lo r ( a l though t h e r e s e em st oh ave b een s om e i nU p ton t own sh ip i nH a se lo r

9 O ld E ng l i sh g raf h a s b ecome t h e modern E ng l i sh g r ove .4

I n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l a nd e a r ly mode rn p e r iod s t h e n oun s e em s t o h ave b een a tached t o r e la t ive ly s ma l , p r iva t e t l w ood s . 5° S tud ie s o f p l ace -nam e s t e nd t o a soc ia te i tw i th s w ood s w h ich w e r e as t r ik ing , a nd t h e r ef o re p r e sumab ly i s o la ted , w ood land f e a tu re , c on t ra s t ing w i th o pen c oun t ry a r ound . T he re i sn o s ugge s t ion t h a t g raf e v e r m ean t w ood 1 U n l ik e s om e o t he r O ld E ng l i sh w o rd s f o r p a s tu re .5 w ood land , g raf m ay t h e r ef o r e b e t a ken t os i gn if y ac opp ice w ood .

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T he s umma ry e n t r ie s i nD om e sday B ook c ou ld n o t i n c lude l l a l m ano r ia l a ppu r t enance s . I ta ppea r s t h a t s ma l a r ea s o f l t w ood land w e re u sua ly om i ted . T he re a r e o n ly s even a l de r r l c a r s o rg rove s ( La t in , a l ne tum ) a nd t wo w i low b ed s ( La t in , 2 S u re ly a l de r s a l ic tum ) i nt h e w ho le o fD ome sday B ook .5 c an s a nd w i low b ed s w e r e f a r mo re c ommon i nE ng land a t l t h a t t im e . I t s em s r e a sonab le t o s ugge s t t h a t f o r e

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Wa rw ick sh i re , a nd p r e sumab ly f o r m any o t h e r c oun t ie s , t h e c omp i le r s o fD om e sday B ook e xc luded g rove s a nd i n c luded at y pe o fw ood land w h ich t h ey t e rmed s i lva . T h e Wa rw ick sh i re f o l io s o f D ome sday B ook s uppor t t h i s a r gumen t w i th t wo e xcep t iona l e n t r ie s w h ich s e em t op rove t h e r u le . T he se t wo e n t r ie s u se w o rd s o t h e r t h an s i lva . U nde rL igh thorne ag rove , u na g rava , t wo f u r long s l o ng a nd t wen ty p e rche s w ide , w a s r e co rded a nd i n t h e e n t ry f o r We s ton -unde r - We the r ley t h e re w a s as p inney , s p ine tum , t wo 3 H e re D ome sday B ook i t se lf f u r long s l o ng a nd o ne w ide .5 d i s t ingu i shed g rava f r om s i lva . We k now f r om t h e t wo e a r ly m ed ieva l c har te r r e f e ren ce s t h a t L igh tho rn e i su n l ike ly t o h ave h ad t h e o n ly g rove i n Wa rw ick sh i re i n t h e e l even th c en tury . I ti s re a sonab le t os uppo se t h a ts om e o t he rp l a ce s i n

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s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw i ck sh i re w h ich h ad n os i lva i n1 086 h ad ag rove ( o r s p inney ) a tt h a t t ime . E v idence o fw ood land i n Wa rw ick sh i re i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod s uppo r t s t h i s c onc lu s ion .

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c hn ic teg raue o r k n ic teg raue s how t h a t t h e monk s c ho se t o c l ea r t h e w ood a nd s ugge s t t h a t t h e w ood o fe s t l ee a nd t h e g rove o fe s t l ee w e r e s ynonymou s , f o r i no ne o ft h e se d eed s t h em eadow i s de sc r ibed a su nde rt h eg rove r a the rt h an u nde r ne o ft h e se c onf i rma t ion s6 7 w a s b y Wa le ran , t h e w ood .6 O 8 a no th e r e a r l o f Warw ick f r om 184 t o 1 204 /5 ;6 c onf i rma to ry g r an t b y t h e s ame e a r l r e f er red t o t h e g rove r a th e r t h an t o a s sa r t s . T h i s p o in t s t o t h e a s sa r t ing o f c hn ic teg raue d u r ing Wa le ran ' s e a r ldom , i . e . b e tween 184 a nd 1 204 /5 . A t l e a s t p ar t o f t h e g rove o f e s t lee s e em s t o h ave s u r v ived t ob ecom e t h e A sh ley Wood m en t ioned i n a

I th a s b een a r gued t h a tw ood sw h ich a ppea rf o rt h e f i r s tt ime i n l a te r m ed ieva l d ocumen t s a r e much o l de r t h an t h e i r 4 T he r e a r e g ood r e a son s f o r t h i s r e co rded h i s tory .5 a r gumen t , w h ich i sa n e sen t ia l p rem i se t ot h e t h e s i s w h ich s f o low s . l I t i s g ene ra ly a cep t ed t h a t d ur ing t h e t wo c en tu r ie s l c f o low ing t h e D om e sday s u rvey t h e re w a s al a rge g row th i n l p opu la t ion , n o t q uan t if iab le i n a b so lu te n umbe r s n o r n eces r i ly s t eady a nd u n if o rm ly d i s t r ibu t ed b u t m ak ing a sa

9 a nd a re f e ren ce t o N yg rove i nt h e s ame t e r r ie r o f 1 6 12 ,6 d ocumen tm ay p r e serve t h en am ec hn ic teg raue .

g r ea t i mpac t o n t h e e conomy a nd t o pog raphy o fE ng land .5 T he g row th i n p opu la t ion s t imu la ted d emand f o r f ood , l e spec ia ly g r a in ,w h ich e ncou raged c u l t iva t ion a tt h e e xpen se o f o t he r t y pe s o f l a nd u se , s uch a s m a r sh , h ea th a nd w ood land . I n p a r t s o f Wa rw ick sh i re t h e re a r e n ume rou s l 6 e xamp le s o f w ood land c onve r ted t o t i lage o r p a s tu re .5 D u r ing t h e t we lf th a nd t h i r t een th c en tu r ie s l a nd w a s n o t l e f t low s v acan t f o r l o ng e nough t o a e conda ry w ood land t o d eve lop . I ti st h e ref o re l o g ica lt op o s tu la te t h a tw ood sw ho se

P a r t o ft h e s i t e o fA sh ley , a l ia s A s t ley , Wood c an b e t r aced 0 T h i s t h rough mode rn d eed s a nd am ap o f1 808 ( s ee F ig . 3 )7 s i t e f i t s o t he rr e f e rence s i n as ma l c a r tu la ry o fR a t ley , w he re l i ti ss t a t ed t h a t g round s l oped f r om a s t ley g rove t owa rd s H o rn ton ( t he a d jacen tp a r i sh , i nO xf o rd sh i re ) a nd t h a tn ea rby t h e re w a s as wyne s temedowe , w h ich c an b e l i nk ed t o t h e s w in s t ie s i de a l o tm e n t o f 1 8 0 8 . 7 1 A m ap o f R a t ley l 2 i n c lude s t wo f i e ld s c a led B ea s twood b y f i e ld s G range 7 l

e x i s t ence w a s r e co rded d u r ing t h a t p e r iod e x i s ted i n 1 086 . A l though p opu la t ion i sb e l ieved t o h ave s t a r t ed t o d ec l ine l e a r ly i n t h e f ou r teen th c en tu ry , t h e d r ama t ic f a l d i d n o t o ccu ru n t i lt h ep l ague o f1 348 -9 a nd , g i ven t h a ti tt a ke s s ome d ecade s f o r s e conda ry w ood land t og row , i ti sr e a sonab le t o

c a led p a rk a nd m eadow . I st h i s n ame ac o rup t ion o ft h e l r P ry s twood ( p re sumab ly P r ie s twood ) o f t h e t e r ie r o f 1 612 r a nd t h e ref o re i n d ica t ive o ft h e p a r t s o fA s t ley G rove i nt h e p a rk w h ich w e r e g ran ted t ot h e monk s o fS t one le igh A bbey?

s a sume t h a t a w ood r e co rded b ef o re 1 350 , o r e ven b ef o r e 1 400 , w a s w ood land i n 1 086 . (Whe the r t h e re h ad b een c hange s i n t h e c ha rac t e r o f t h a t w ood land i s a no the r l sed i q ue s t ion , w h ich w i lb ed i scus n al a te r c hap te r . ) S eve ra l

T he r e f e r ence s t ob rad ewe ie i nr e la t ion t ob o th A s t ley g rove a nd c hn ic teg raue s ugge s tt h a tt h ey w e re i nt h e s am e v i c in i ty . Moder n m ap s w i th f i e ld -name s c ove r o n ly p a r t s o f R a t ley a nd n one i n c lude s an am e w h ich r e semb le s c hn ic t eg raue . I t h a sb een s ugge s ted t h a t t h e G rove C or n e r o nt h e f i r s t e d i t ion o ft h eO rdnan ce S urvey o ne inch m ap sr e f e r s t ot h em ed ieva l 3 T he i d en t if ica t ion a sume s t h a tt h em a in r o ad a l ong s g rove .7

p l a ce s i n Wa rw ick sh i re f o r w h ich n o s i lva w a s r e co rd ed i n D om e sday B ook h ad g rove s o r w ood s b ef o r e 1 350 . T h i s l t s t udy p o s tu la te s t h a t a h e se g rove s a nd w ood s e x i s ted w hen D ome sday B ook w a sc omp i led .

t h e r i dge o f E dge H i l w a s t h e b rad ewe ie , b u t , g i ven t h e l l o ca t ion o fA s t ley G rove , t h e r oad r unn ing f r om w e s tt oe a s t t o t h e n or th o f A sh ley Wood i s a mo re l i ke ly c and ida te .

T h i s t h e s i s i ss uppor ted b y t h e n am e o fo ne o f t h e g rove s , s w h ich w a sr e co rded l e s t h an ac en tu ry a f t e r t h e c omp i la t ion o f D om e sday B ook . K n ic thegraue ( a nd v a r ian t s s u ch a s e c n ih t eg raue ) i n R a t ley s em s t o i n c lude t h e O ld E ng l i sh c n ih t , ' r e ta ine r ' , s u re ly ap o in te r t o ap re -Conque s t o r ig in f o r 7 I t s d i sappea rance i n t h e s e cond h a lf o f t h e t h e g rove .5 t we lf th c en tu ry c an b e t r aced t h rough a s e r ie s o f d eed s c op ied i n to aS t one le igh A bbey c a r tu lary , o fw h ich p a r t h a s 8 T h ree o r ig ina l d eed s h ave s u r v ived b een p r e se rved .5 e l sewhe r e . A c ompa r i son o f t h em w i th t h e c op ie s i n t h e c a r tu lary s how s t h a tt h e i rt e x tw a s c op ied a ccu ra te ly ( s ub jec t t o s om e w o rd s b e ing a bb rev ia ted o r a bb rev ia t ion s 9 e x t ended ) .5

G rove C or n e rm ay t a ke i t sn am e f r om t h e m ed ieva l w ood o f d odd e sg rove i nR adway o rt h e w ood c a led T he G rove i nt h e l 4 a d jo in ing t own sh ip o f We s tco te .7 R a t ley ' s g rove s a nd t h e o t he r w ood s f o r w h ich d ocum en ta ry e v id ence h a s b een f ound b ef o re 1 350 a r e l i s ted i nA ppend ix 2 . I n t h a t l i s t i sL igh tho rne ' s g rove , s i x a c re s i ne x ten t i n 5 1 3 16 c ompa r ed w i th a pp rox ima te ly t e n a c re s i n 1 086 .7 T h e re i sn o l a te r m ed ieva l r e co rd o f We s ton ' s D om e sday s p inney , b u t t h e re w a s aw ood i n We s ton i n t h e t h i r t een th c en tu ry . S t one le igh A bbey ' sL eger B ook s t a te st h a tt h e w ood o f t h e l o rd o f We s ton w a s i n a n c ien t t ime s p a r ce l o f

T he e a r l ie s tg r an t s t oS t one le igh A bbey , b y H ugh d e A rden , i n c luded ag rove c a led c n ih teg raue a sb rad ewe id i v ided i t .6° l T homa s d e A rden , w ho i na no the r d eed d e sc r ibed H ugh a s 1 c onf i rmed t h e g ran t o fK n ic theg raue a nd h i s g r andf a the r ,6 a lowed t h e m onk s t o e n c lo se i t o r a sa r t i t a t t h e i r l s 2 T homa s , o r h i s s on o f t h e s ame n am e ,6 3 a l so p l ea su re .6 g r an t ed a m eadow i n R a t ley w h ich w a s u nde r t h e w ood 4 a nd t e n a c re s a nd ar ood o fh i s g rove ( bo sco ) c a led e s t lee ,6 l

. We the r ley , i e . w i th in S tone le igh p ar i sh , s ot h a t We s ton m ay h ave h ad s om e s i lva i n 1 086 w h ich w a s i n c luded i n t h e 6 T he re w a s ag rove i n c ompo s i te e n t ry f o r S tone le igh .7 U f ton , w h ich i s a r guab ly t h e g rove o f t h e p r e -Conque s t c har te r . T h e re w e re a l so g rove s o r w ood s i n E t t ing ton , C he s t er ton , T achb rook , L ong I t ch ing ton , C ubb ing ton , B e r ico te i n A show , B a r ton -on the H ea th , T y soe , R adway , t se G r ea t Wo lf o rd , S t re ton -on -Fos , B i rd ingbu ry a nd L ong s L awf o rd . T he l o ca t ion o f ag rove a soc ia ted w i th B a r f o rd i s sed b d i scus e low .

( g raua ) o f e s t lee , o f w h ich f i ve a c re s a nd o ne r ood w e re b e tween b rad ewe ie a nd t h e g rove o fe s t lee w h ich w a s o fh i s 5 T he o t he rf i ve a c re s o ft h e g rove w e re i ne s t l eeende . p a rk .6 T he monk s w e r e a lowed t oa sar t o re nc lo se t h i s w ood a l so . l s C onf i rma tory g r an t s r e f er o t h e a sa r t s ( e sar ta ) o f ring t s s

T o t h e g rove s a nd w ood s f o rw h ich d ocumen ta ry e v id ence i s a va i lab le b ef o r e 1 350 m igh tb e a dded g rove s a nd w ood s f i r s t 1 3

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Mo re ton Mor l , B a sco te , We s tco te a nd B ur ton D as t , a s re l se t t h e l a ck o f e a r l ie r r e f e ren ce s may b e d ue s imp ly t o t h e i n ad equacy o f t h e d ocumen ta ry r e co rd . F o r e xamp le , m ano r ia l a t s a nd c our t r o l s f o r Wo rm le igh ton d o n o t ccoun l s u r v ive b ef o r e t h e s e cond h a lf o f t h e f ou r teen th c en tu ry .7 F o r m any p l ace s o n ly mode rn r e co rd s a r e a va i lab le i n a ny d e ta i l . Af ew o ft h e se p l ace s h ave w ood s t oday . S om e o f t h e se w ood s , s u ch a s I d l ico te G rove , h ave n ame s w h ich s ugge s t t h a tt h ey m ay b e a so ld a st h e g rove s f o r w h ich l a te r m ed ieva le v idence s u rv ive s . T he re w a s ag rove i nI d l ico t e i n 1 527 .7 8 F o r t h e s ame r e a son Mo re ton Wood i n Mo r e ton

c l a im ed t h a tD ome sday B ook ' s " wood land e n t r ie s a ppa ren t ly l o ca ted i n t h e s ou th o f t h e c oun ty a r e n ow k nown t o b e

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T he r e a r e s om e e a r ly mode rn g rove s a nd a l so s ome r e co rd s o f f i e ld s l c a led g rove wh ich p robab ly r e f e r t of o rm e r

w ood land . T he se a r e a l so g i ven i nA ppend ix 2 . I tc anno tb e

T o t h e w ood s a nd g rove s o f s ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh i re f ound i n l a t e r m ed ieva l r e co rd s s hou ld b e a dded , f o r t h e

s l a sum ed t h a tt h e se g rove s w e r e s t i l w ood land i n1 086 , l e ave a l one i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod ; t h ey m ay h ave b een 1 4

c onv e r t ed t ot i lage o rp a s tu r e b ef o r e t h a t d a t e . Wh i l s t t h e l p o t en t ia l s i gn if i can ce o f s u ch f i e ld -nam e s mu s t n o t b e o ve r look ed , c a r e m u s t a lway s b e t a ken i na soc ia t ing t h em s a u tom a t i ca ly w i th w ood land . I n n o r th -ea s t Wa rw ick sh i r e , l f o r e xamp le , t h e m od em G rove F a rm i n Wo lvey d oe s n o t a ppe a r i n t h e e n c lo su r e a wa rd o f 1 797 , b u t o n e o f t h e l a ndho ld e r s n am ed i nt h e a wa rd , t h ough n o t f a rm ing i nt h a t 6 p a r t o f t h e p a r i sh a tt h e t im e , h ad t h e s u rnam e G rove .8 T h e r ei sa l so s om ed oub ta bou tt h ea n t iqu i ty o ft h en am eo fa f i e ld c a led ' Meadow o rG rove ' i nB a rf o rd w h ich o t h e rw i se l c ou ld h ave b een a soc ia t ed w i th a n o b scu r e m ed ieva l w ood s c a led P e r se l eg rov e . l

T h e r e i s an e a r l ie rr e f e r en ce t ot h e w ood i na n u nd a t ed , b u t eed i p r e sum ab ly t h i r t een th -cen tu ry , d n w h i ch Wa l t e r d e l l l h B e r ef o rd g r an t ed t o Wa l t e r d ' Eyv i le ( d e iu i la ) a i s l m eadow o f B a r f o rd w h ich w a s c a led t h e g r ea t m eadow u nd e rt h e w ood o fP e r se le ( t o tum p ra tum m eum d e b e r ef ord 9 T he q uod v oca tur m agnum p ra tum s ub b o sco d ep e r se l e ) .8 d ' Eyv i l l e f am i ly h e ld p a r t o f Wa l ton ( h ence t h e n am e o ft h e m ano ro f Wa l ton D ev i le ) s oi ts e em s l o g ica lt oc on c lud et h a t t h e m eadow w h i ch w a s g r an t ed t o Wa l t e r d ' Eyv i l le b ecam e t h e h a lf o f am eadow i nB a rf o rd w h ich w a s c onvey ed w i th nd w a s t h e Wa l ton D ev i le a nd Wa l ton Maudu i t i n 1 551 9°a w a l ton m edow w h i ch w a s m en t ion ed i nd e sc r ib ing l a nd s i n 1 T he l o rd so f Wa l ton h e ld t h ev i c in i ty o f We s tham i n1 574 .9 ap i ece o fm eadow i nB a r f o rd i nt h ee i gh t een th c en tu ry 9 2 j u s t a c ros h e r i ve rf r om t h e s t eep , h i gh b ank w h ich w a sp a r to f s t

P e r se leg rove , w h ich c omp r i sed am es , a ca ruca t e o f s uage l a nd a nd t e n s h i l ing s r e n t i n 1 336 , h a s b een s o c omp le t e ly l f o rgo t en t h a t t h e e d i to r s o f t h e C a lendar o f C lo se R o l s t l p l a ced i t in Wo r ce s t e r sh i r e a nd t h e a u tho r s o f T he P lace N ame s o f W arw i ck sh i r e a t r ibu t ed i tt o B a r s ton ( on t h e t 7 S i r s t r eng th o f s om e f i e ld s c a led t h e P a r s ley B ed ) .8 l W i l i am D ugda le , w ho h a sp roved t ob er em a rkab ly a cu ra t e l c i nh i st o pog raph ica lr e f e r en ce sr e la t ing t ow ood land , f ound a r e f e r en c e t ot h e p l a ce i nt h e e ndowm en t o f ac han t ry i nt h e c hu r ch o f S t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon w h ich n o t ed t h a t P e r se l eg rov e w a s b y H amp ton L ucy , af a c t c onf i rm ed b y a c a se a tt h e a s iz e s i n 1 3 16 , w h en t h e h o ld ing i n d i spu t e s on e o f t h e p a r t ie s t o t h a t i n c lud ed a n a c r e o f w ood .8 N i d i spu t e w a s s a id t ob e l v ing i nH amp ton ; Wa spe r ton a nd B a r f o rd ,o nt h eo ppo s i t eb ank o ft h er i ve rA von ,w e r en am ed a sl o ca lp l ace so fr e s id ence .

H amp ton Wood i n 1 736 a nd p os ly i n t h e m ed ieva l sib p e r iod .9 3 T h e m ino rp l ace -nam e G rove o ccu r s i nH amp ton 4 a nd L u cy i ni t ss imp lex f o rm -G rava -a se a r ly a sc . 1100 9 s im i la r ly i na coun t r o l s f o r t h e m ano r o fH amp ton i nt h e c l f o u r t een th a nd f i f t een th c en tu r ie s ,9 5 b u t t h e n am e P e r se l e d oe sn o ta ppea ri na ny r e co rd s a soc ia t ed w i th t h em ano r . A s m eadow i nH amp ton L u cy c a led P a r show i ss hown o n t h e l e s t a t e m ap o f 1 7 36 o ppo s i t e B a rf o rd F i e ld ; i f Pa r show h a s t h e s am e f i r s te l em en ta sP e r se l ei tm ay p o in tt ot h e l o ca t ion o ft h e l a t e ra c ros h er i ve r . T he b a lance o fe v id en ce s em s t s t e t op l ace P e r se l eg rov e i nB a rf o rd , t h ough n o t n e ces r i ly o n sa 6 f o r t h e s i t e o ft h e f i e ld c a led Meadow o r G rove c . 1853 ,9 l 7 t h a tf i e ld w a sk nown s imp ly a sL ong Meadow i n1 8 10 .9 T h e s i ze s o fm o s to ft h e l a t e rm ed ieva l g rove s a nd w ood s o f s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw i ck sh i r e a r e u nknown . E ven w h e r e s i z e s w e r e r e co rd ed i ni n qu i s i t ion s , t h e a r ea q uo t ed m igh t h ave b i m i t ed t ot h e w ood o ru nd erwood r e ady f o r s a le . een l L igh thom e ' s g r ove w a s a ppa r en t ly s ma l , t h e d im en s ion s l b e ing g i ven a st wo f u r long sb yt w en ty p e r ch e s i nD om e sd ay B ook a nd s i x a c r e s b e ing r e co rd ed i n 1 3 16 . C h e s t e r ton ' s g r ove w a s s a id t oh ave i n c lud ed t e n a c r e s i n1 353 , af a r c r y f r om t h e 1 c r e s i nC h e s t e r ton Wood i nt h e m idd le o ft h e 33 a 8 T h e r e f e r en ce s t o s m a l a c r eage s i n e i gh t een th c en tu ry .9 l w ood s i n t h e H und r ed R o l s o f 1 279 a nd r e la t ed l d ocum en t s9 c an b e r e ad a sr e f er ring n o t t ot h e s i ze o ft h e w ood b u t t ol a nd , p os sib ly a s sa r t ed , w i th in w ood s , a s w i th t h e b o scum c on t inen t em x a c ra s t e r r e i n U f ton a nd t h e b o scum c on t inen t em i j a c ra s t e r re i n We s ton -und e r h e w ood s t h em se lve s w e r e p r e sumab ly We the r l ey . 1° T l a rge r , ap robab i l i ty w h ich i sd i scus u r th e r i n C hap t e r sed f F ou r .

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Wood land m ay h ave b een m o r e e x t en s ive i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw i ck sh i r e i n 1 086 t h an t wo o r t h r ee c en tu r ie s l a t e r . I nd eed , t h e r e a r e af ew r e co rd s w h ich i n d ica t e w ood land c l ea ran ce d u r ing t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod . I n t h a t p a r t o f S t on e le igh s ou th -ea s t o f t h e r i ve r A von i tw a s e x t en s ive . S t on e l e igh A bbey ' sL eg e rB ook n am e s t h e f i e ld s w h ich w e r e b rough t i n to c u l t iva t ion f r om t h e b ru i lum ( a rguab ly a n l A ng lo -Saxon g am e -pa rk ) o f E ch e l s a nd t h e b ru i lum o f l l We th e r ley ; s e ve ra l o f t h e se f i e ld s , a s d e sc r ibed i n t h e f o low ing c hap t e r , c an b e l o ca t ed o n m ap s . 1°1 I n l B i rd ingbu ry i nt h e t h i r te th c en tu ry t h e r e w a s a n a sa r tb y en s 2 I n S t an id e lf , w h ich w a s b y L e G roue o f B i rd ingbu ry . 1° 1 392 t h e r e w e r e e i gh t a c re s o fa r ab le l a nd i nl eg rove i n f ra 3 I n 1 246 -7 s epe -i nt h e g r ove w i th in t h e f e n ce o rh edge . 1°

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F igu r e4 : B arf ord -W e s tham

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Wa l te r l ef r auncey s a nd A l ine h i s w if e c l a im ed t h a t T homa s d e B is sden , l o rd o fT horn ton , h ad d ep r ived t h em o ft h e i r s ope c ommon p a s tu re i n T ho rn ton i n a ce r ta in w ood c on ta in ing s t h i s a move t o e nc lo se t h e w ood o r t e n a c re s . 1°4 Wa c onver tp a r t o fi tt oa g r icu l tu re? M igh t t h e w ood i nd i spu te h ave b een p a r t o f a la rge r a r ea o f w ood land o f w h ich t h e

b u t t h e f i e ld -name w h ich h a s s u rv ived i sg r ove . C oven t ry C a thed ra l P r iory c a led i t s w ood land i n U f ton a w ood l ( bo scu s ) , b u t t h e c ha r te r o f 1 00 1 r e f er o ag r ove , a nd a red t G rove f u r long a d jo ined t h e w ood i n1 672 . A sw i lb e s hown l l a te r i nt h i s c hap te r , t h e t e rm s w ood a nd g rove s e em t oh ave b een u sed i n t e rchangeab ly i nC he s ter ton .

p re sen t w ood i sa remnan t? ( The p re sen t w ood i ss a id t o h ave b een f i r s t p l an ted a s ac over t b e tween 1 822 a nd 1 854 ,

Whe r e t h e u se o f t h e n oun w ood a ppea r s t o h ave b een

b u t , i ft h a t i st h e c a se , i t wa s p l an ted o n t h e s ame s i t e a s a he w ood o f 1 765 , t h e w ood s hown o n am ap o f 1 765 . 1°5) T a d jacen t G rove F u r long a nd R o l ing G round , a nd t h e f i e ld s l b e tween t h em a nd t h e b rook t o t h e n or th f o rm a compac t

c on t inuou s , a s i n Wh ichf o rd , i tm ay i n d ica te a n a r ea o f f o rm e r w ood p a s tu re . T he a g reemen t t oi mpa rk Wh ichf o rd l Wood a lowed p ig s i nt h e w ood t h e re a nd i nt h e w ood o f L ong C omp ton b e tween M ichae lma s a nd Ma r t inma s , nt h e p re sumab ly t h e c on t inua t ion o fp rev iou s p r a c t ice . 1°8 I

a r ea o n t ow h ich o the r c l o se s o r f i e ld s a bu t , s ugge s t ing t h a t t h ey m igh to nce h ave b een as i ng le u n i t . P a r t o ft h e mod er n T hor n ton F a rm h a s a f l o ra a soc ia ted w i th a nc ien t s 0 6 w ood land .1

9 0

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l a s t d ecade o f t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry t h e w ood a t L ong l C omp ton w a s b e ing m anaged p r inc ipa ly f o r w ood a nd t imbe r . I nt h e w in t e r o f 1 293 -4 t we lve c o l t s a nd t wen ty -f ou r o the r a n ima l s w e re a g i s ted ( p a s tu red ) t h e re , b u t i n t h e l f o low ing w in t e r t h e re w a s n o a g i s tm en t b ecau se t h e w ood h ad b een c u t ; i n 1 296 -7 i tw a s r e co rded t h a t t h e w ood h ad b een e nc lo sed t h a t y ea r ( pon i tur i n d ef en so h oc a nno ) o n sionem a ccoun t o ft h e r eg row th o ft h e w ood ( p rop t e r s ucces

5 00 tme t res

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b o s co .1 0 9 WELLESBOURNE

I t is pos le t h a tw ood s a nd g rove s c oex i s t ed n o t o n ly i nt h e sib c oun ty b u t a l so w i th in t h e s am e m ano r . H oweve r , t h e o n ly

HAST INGS

e v idence o f s uch c oex i s tence w i th in m ano r s s ou th a nd e a s t o f t h e r i ve r A von ( a pa r t f r om S t one le igh ) a r e t h e f a ggo t s f ac t i s d ef or inceco b o sco i nL igh tho rne i n 1 398 -9 , 1 °u n les s t h e se w e re m ade f r om w ood b rough t i n f r om o u t s ide t h e m ano r . N one o f t h e e x ten t s o f L igh tho rn e t a ken f o r i nqu i s i t ion s p o s t mor tem r e f e r s t o a n o u twood a nd D om e sday B ook d id n o ti n c lud e a ny s i lva .1 1 T h i s s t udy d oe s n o t c l a im t h a t t h e re w e re m any w ood s i n

E TT INGTON

s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re i nt h e l a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod n o r i n 1 086 . C e r ta in ly t h e re w e re f a r f ewe r t h an i n mo s t o ft h e r e s t o ft h e c oun ty , s ugge s t ing s om e l o ca l s hor tage s . G iven t h e i mpor tance o fw ood p roduc t s i nm ed ieva l s o c ie ty o n e i s t b ound t oa sk h ow t h e i n hab i tan t s o fp l ace s w i th l i t le o rn o

G rove F ur long i n1 765 , e s ta te map , W .C .R .O . , CR 7 11 Wa l ton G rove i n1 728 , e s ta te map ,W .C .R .O . , CR 7 50 / 1

F igure 5 : T horn ton W ood a nd W a l ton G rove

s t w ood land m anaged w i thou t e a sy a cces o H edge row s a nd t r ee s a r ound h om e s tead s p rov ided e nough w ood f o ri t em s o fe qu ipm en t . t h e i r l o rd s , m igh t h ave b ough t s ome w ood

l T he re a r e r e f e r ence s t ow a s te i nU f ton , B ag in ton , L i l ing ton a nd B a rf o rd ( i nB a rf o rd ' sw a s te t h e re w a sc ommon p a s tu re i n l though t h e re i sn o i n d ica t ion t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry ) . 1°7 A

l o ca l w ood s . m igh t h ave T enan t s , l i k e f r om f u r th e r

a f ie ld ; Wood S t ree t i n S t ra tf o rd b o rough s ugge s t s a lo ca l ma rke t . A l t er n a t ive f u e l s m ay h ave b een u s ed , p a r t icu la r ly p ea t . T he re i s ev idence o fp ea td i gg ing i nL ong L awf o rd ; i n

t h a t t h e w a s te h ad f o rm e r ly b een w ood land , a na logy w i th w a s te i nn o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re ( s ee C hap te r s T h ree a nd F ou r ) s ugge s t st h a ti tm igh th ave b een .

1 210 t h e monk s o fP ipewe l h ad p e rm is od i g t u rve s f o r l sion t f u e l i nt h e moo r o fL ong L awf o rd f o r t h e i r g r ange t h e r e . 12 T he re i sa r ch z eo log ica l e v idence o fc oa l f r om t h e v i c in i ty o f se t Nun ea ton b e ing u sed i nC h ipp ing D as t . 13

T he l a te e l even th -cen tu ry d i s t inc t ion b e tween s i lva a nd g rove s may h ave b een p e rpe t ua t ed i n t h e n om enc la tu re o f l a te r m ed ieva l w ood s i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e . Mo s t o f t h e p l ace s w i th s i lva i n 1 086 s em t o h ave h ad w ood s e i n s tead o f , o ra sw e l a s , g rove s i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva lp e r iod . l Mo s t , t hough n o t a l , o ft h e p l ace s w i thou ts i lva i n1 086 h ad l g rove s r a the r t h an w ood s i nt h e l a te r med ieva l p e r iod . T he p i c tu re i sc omp l ica ted b y c hange s i nt e rm ino logy d u r ing t h e

N one the les s, Warw ick sh i re s ou th a nd e a s t o f t h e A von c anno t b e d e sc r ibed a s w ood les s, n o r v i r tua l ly s o , a nd i t s w ood s w e r e n o t n eg l ig ib le f e a tu re s i nt h e l o ca l t o pog raphy .

p e r iod . I tw i l b e s en f r om A ppend ix 2 th a t B a r ton h ad a l e m ed ieva l w ood b u t t h a t t h e n ame wh ich h a s p e r s i s t ed i s B ar ton G rove . S im i la r ly , i nt h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry t h e r oya l c ou r t s r e f er o aw ood i nT hor n ton , w he rea s t h e p re sen t red t

f r om t h e c l u s te r a r ound B ubbenha l , R y ton , S t re ton a nd l t Wappenbu ry , w ood s a nd g rove s w e re s c a t e r ed t h roughou t t t h e r e g ion . U f ton , L ong I t ch ing ton , C he s t e r ton , L igh thorn e re l a nd Mo r e ton Mor lw e re i nt h ev e ry h ea r to fi t( F ig . 6 ) .

T he l a rge r w ood s m ay h ave s upp l ied w ood f o r o t he r p l ace s , a sd i d Wappenbu ry Wood i nt h e s i x t een th c en tu ry .1 t 1 4 Apar

T ho rn ton Wood i s a d jo ined b y a G rove F u r long . P e r se leg rove w a s ap l ace -name ; i th ad aw ood , n o t ag rove , 1 6

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T h e r e w a s ag r ea t d ea l o f s i lva i n Woo t ton Wawen a nd s u r round ing m ano r s i n 1 086 . Woo t ton ' s s i lva w a s t wo l e ague s l o ng b yo n ew id e , p os sib ly o ve rt wo t h ou sand a c r e s . O f f o rd h ad s i l va o n e l e ague l o ng a nd h a lf a le ague w id e , p e rhap sa tl e a s tf i ve h und r ed a c r e s , E d s ton eh a lf al e ague b y h a lf af u r long , Wh i t l ey h a lf al e ague b y t wo f u r long s , a nd U l lenha l lh a lf al e agu eb yo n ef u r long . 1178

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c and ida t e f o r t h o se p a r ce l s o fw ood w h ich a moun t ed t o f i ve a c r e s i n 1 4 19 -20 . T h e p r e sen ce o ft h e f i e ld -nam e s R idd ing s a nd S t ubb s 181 s ugge s t sf o rm e rw ood land .

T he w ood o f H a le s toue ( v a r iou s ly h a lue s tou , h o l ew e s tow e ) b y K ing ton w a s m en t ion ed i n a t l e a s t t wo h ich s how t h a t t h e w ood t h i r t een th -cen tu ry d eed s , 182 w b ecam e , o rf o rm ed t h e n uc leu s o f , t h e mod er nA u s ty Wood , w h ich a d jo in s K ing ton a nd E d s ton e ( F ig . 6 9 ) . O ne d eed l r e co rd ed t h a t t h e a bbo t a nd c onven t o fS t . P e t e r C a s te l ion e t ( o f w h i ch Woo ton P r io ry w a s a d epend en cy ) h ad r h i s s ugge s t s t h a t s u r end e r ed t h e i rc u s tom i nt h ew ood ; 183 t t h ey h ad c ommon r i gh t s t h e r e . I nt h e fe i f ten th c en tu ry t h e

F igur e6 6 : W oo ton W awen -F orwood a nd Of ord t Woot ton Wawen T h e d ocum en ta ry e v id en ce f o r t h e e a r ly m ed i eva l t o pog r aphy o f t h e a r ea a nd t h e s i gn if i cance o f t h e p l ace n am e Woo ton a r e d i scus nl a t e r c hap t e r s . E v id ence f o r t sed i l a t e rm ed ieva l w ood s i nt h e a r ea w i l i n f o rm t h a t d i scus l sion a sw e la sc on t r ibu t et ot h ep a r i sh s u rvey i nt h i sc hap t e r . l

1 02

e a r l s o fS t af rd s o ld f a ggo t so ff i rewood f r om t h e w ood . 184 fo

m en t ioned i nt h e s ame e n t ry i na ccoun t s f o r 1 487 a nd 1 506 1 f 7 . 19 4 T he s i t e o f O f o rd G rove w a s p r e sumab ly t h e f i e ld

Ar o ad f r om E d s tone t o t h e p a r i sh c hu r ch o f Woo t ton r a n t h rough o rb y( p er ) t h ew ood o fh a lewe s towe . 185

l l c a led t h e G rove s hown o n t h e m ap o f 1 736 . Ac ou r t r o l o f red t se f 1 386 r e f er o t r e spas s i n O f o rd Wood a nd i n t h e

I t ha s b een s ugge s ted t h a t H a le s toue o rA u s ty , w ho se n ame ay b e a s soc ia ted w i th t h e i s Old E ng l i sh f o r' h o ly s po t ' , 186 m A s e xp la ined a bove , t h e c hu r ch o f Woo t ton Wawen . 187 c hu r ch w a s a n e a r ly m ed ieva l m in s te r , r e co rded i na n e a r ly e i gh th -cen tu ry c ha r te r , w i th t h e e a r l ie s t p ar t s o ft h e p r e sen t f a b r i c d a ted t o t h e t e n th o r e l even th c en tur ie s . 188 T he n a tu r e a nd l o ca t ion o f t h e ' h o ly s po t ' a r e u nknown , b u t t h e

l y tu lg rove ; 195 t h e l a t te r m ay h ave b een a n e a r l ie r n ame f o r O f f o rd G rove . T he p re sence o f b o th d eme sne w ood a nd d eme sne g rove i sr a re i n Warw ick sh i re . T he t own sh ip o fA sp ley , i nt h e n or th -we s t o ft h e p a r i sh , w a s n o t r e co rded s epa ra te ly i nD ome sday B ook . T he t i t h e m ap o f 1 842 s how s t h ree c l o se s w i th O ldbo rough Wood i nt h e i r n ame s , b u t t h e se p r e sumab ly r e f e r t ot h e a d jacen t p a r i sh o f

e x i s t en ce o f aw ood o fH a le s toue i n d ica t e s t h a tt h ep l ace w a s i mpo r tan te nough t on ame a n a r ea o fw ood land .

row O ldber , w h ich w a s i n Wo r ce s te r sh i re . A d eed o f 1 285 d e scr ibed as t ream wh ich r a n f r om t h e w ood o ft h e l o rd o f row a s t O ldber c ros h e moo r o fE lye t ot h e d i t ch o f Mock ley ( p r e sumab ly t h e s ame s t ream w h ich r un s t ot h e n or th o ft h e

f l T he s i t e o fO f o rd h a s b een l o ca ted t r ad i t iona ly t owa rd s t h e t s ou th e rn e dge o ft h ep a r i sh o f Woo ton Wawen . E a r thwo rk s t t y p ica l o fl a te rm ed ieva l s e t lemen t s i te s h ave b een f ound i n l l l a nd o n t h e e dge s o f G rey M i l a nd P ennyf o rd H a l T h i s l o ca t ion i sc onf i rmed b y m a tch ing f i e ld F a rm s . 189 op l ace s i nO f f o rd w h ich w e re n am e s o n am ap o f 1 736 19 °t n am ed i n l a te r m ed ieva l a nd e a r ly s i x teen th -cen tu ry

n t h e w e s ter ne dge o fA sp ley p r e sen t Mock ley Wood ) . 196 O aG rove C lo se o n t h e t i the m ap p robab ly m a rk s t h e s i t e o f E ly s G rove , w h ich i n 1 565 w a s d e scr ibed a s a" g rove o f g r ea t e t imbe r &w ood " c on ta in ing o ne a c r e a nd b o rde red b y A sp ley i n c luded Mock ley rowe W U luebar ood syde . 197

d ocumen t s . I n 1 736 H awf o rd ( i . e . O f f o rd ) F i e ld s t re tched f r om t h en or th -ea s te dge o f Woo t ton P a rk t owa rd st h e v i l lage o f Woo t ton ,b u ti tw a s o fs u ch a n e l onga ted , d i s jo in ted s h ape t h a t o n e s u spec t s t h a t i t s w e s ter n p o r t ion h ad d i sappea red i n to t h e p a rk . O n t h e p a rk ' s s ou th -ea s t ern e dge w a s C a s t le n G r een , m en t ioned i na c coun t s o ft h e e a r l s o fS t af fo rd . 191 I l t h e s ou ther n t i p o f t h e p a rk R ound H i l m a tche s a no the r f O f o rd n ame . 192

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F igu re 6 7 : W oo t ton W awen -A sp ley , Mock l ey a nd U l lenha l l ( as im i la r m ino r p l ace -name i sa s soc ia t ed w i th w ood land i n S perna l l ) w e r e g r an ted t oS t one P r io ry b y R obe r t d e S t af fo rd

S i rW i l l iam D ugda le s aw ar e co rd o f ag r an tm ade d u r ing t h e r e ign o fH en ry I ( 1 154 -89 ) w h ich i n vo lved a l t h e l a nd i n

a nd s i x ty a c re s o fa s sa r t ed l a nd w e re r e co rded i n ad eed o f 2° 0 P a r to ft h e s i te o fU lenha l ' s w ood i s known f r om 194 .1 l l ac opy o f at we lf th -cen tu ry c ha r te r i nt h e c a r tu la ry o fS t one p r io ry . 120 1 T he g r an t g ave t h e b ound s o fp a r t o ft h e w ood .

O f f o rd e xcep tt h a th e ld b yt h ree f r eeho ld e r s a nd a l lt h e w ood o n t h e l e f t h and s i de o f t h e r o ad f r om Woo t ton Wawen t o h i sh a rden st h e s u sp ic ion , r ou sed b yt h e Mo r ton B ago t . 193 T a b sence o f a ny f i e ld -nam e s s ugge s t ive o f t h e l o ca t ion o f f f O f o rd Wood , t h a t t h e Wood , w i th p ar t o fO f o rd f i e ld , w a s t f a b so rbed i n to Woo ton P a rk . Of ordg rove w a s n o t a n

S om e o ft h e m ino r p l ace -name s , s u ch a sS t an ie ta , h ave n o t 2° 2b u tt h e b ounda ry o f s u rv ived t oa ppea r o n moder nm ap s ,1 B o t ley s e rve s t og i ve t h e g ene ra l l o ca t ion a nd t h e t h r ee g r ea t d i t che s w h ich t h e p ar t o f t h e w ood c omp rehended ( c um

f a l t er n a t ive n ame f o rO f o rd Wood , b ecau se b o th w ood s w e r e 1 03

t r ibu s m agn i sf o sa t i s ) mu s tb et h em as a r thwo rk c a led s sive e l H obd i t ch w i th t wo c onn ec t ed b ank s a nd d i t ch e s . T h e se a r e n o l a t e r t h an t h e c en tu r ie s i mm ed ia t e ly f o low ing t h e l R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod a nd p os ly o f I r on A ge d a t e .1 2° 3 sib Mu ch o ft h em od er n Mer ' s F a rm w a s t h e r ef o r e w i th in ryman t h e m ed ieva l w ood o fU lenha l . T h e e a r thwo rk s s how t h a t l l p a r to ft h ew ood mu s th ave b een s e conda ry w ood land .

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f i e ld s t h e r e a nd t o w ood land i n S onga r ( s ee b e low u nd e r C lave rdon )b u tn o tt oa ny w ood o ra sa r t s e xp l ic i t ly s i tua t ed s i nE d s ton e i t s e lf . T he r e i s ar e co rd o fc ommon p a s tu r e i n l a nd i n E d s ton e , f r om c he l ewe l e s iche t o h u tur e l u nd e r f oxho l e a nd t h en t o t h e s p r ing c a led W od ewe l e , v a r iou s l l a sa r t s a nd t h e c o rn e r o f B i r chur s t e ( wh ich w a s i n o r s a d jo in ing L ang ley -s e b e low u nd e r C lave rdon ) ; o t h e r e 2° 6 I tm ay b e t h a t t h e r e s t o f d s a l so r e f e r t oB i r chur s t .1 eed t h e d ed s c ove r ed o n ly t h e s ou ther n p a r t o f e E d s ton e a nd t h a t t h e r e w a s w ood land t ot h e n o r th i nt h e a r ea o ft h e mod er n S ho r t G rov e ( a rguab ly t h e S ho r t G rove r e co rd ed i n 1 449 5 0 120 7 ) , A shen C opp i ce a nd K now le s Wood . T h e s h ape o f t h a t n o r ther n p a r t m a t che s t h e l o ng , n a row m ea su r em en t s o ft h e D om e sday r s i l va .

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A l though t h e r e w a s n o s i lva i nt h e m ano r o f 1 086 w h i ch b ecam e t h e l a t e r B eaud e se r t ,1 2° 9 t h e r e a r e r e co rd s o f w ood land i nB eaud e se r t i nt h el a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod . A sd r awn o nt h e i t h e m ap a nd f i r s t e d i t ion o f t h e O rdnance t S u rvey B eaud e se r t i n c lud ed a n a r ea o f l a nd l l w h ich p ro t ruded i n to U l enh a l a nd w a s r l l 2 1 ° s u round ed b y U lenha l o n t h r ee s i de s .1 T h i sp rom in en td ev ia t ion i nt h eb ound a ry l i n e s ugge s t s t h a t t h e l a nd w i th in i th ad s om e p a r t icu la r v a lue a nd h ad b een d e t ach ed f r om l l U lenha lf o rs om ep u rpo se . T h el a nd w a st h e s i t e o f B eaud e se r t ' s g r ea t p a rk ( t he r e w a s a t o l i t le p a rk , t o , b e s id e t h e r i ve r ) w h i ch c on ta in ed t h r ee h und r ed a c r e s o f w ood i n 1 1 326 . 121 T he r e w e r e t wo g r ove s i n B eaud e se r t i n1 463 .1 2 12 O n e o ft h em w a s i n l ac l o se c a led ' t h e m ano r o f l ym sey s ' , t h e l o t h e r i n ac l o se c a led P enke s . T he f i e ld l 2 13 m ay c a led L ind s ley s i n t h e t i t h e a wa rd 1 c o re spond t o t h e f i f t een th -cen tu ry c l o se r c a led l ym sey s , b u t t h e r e i sn o f i e ld c a led l l g rove t o m a rk t h e s i t e o f e i the r m ed ieva l w ood . P re s ton B ago t

T he s i lva o f t h e m ano r o f P r e s ton B ago t m ea su r ed o n e l e ague b y h a lf a l e agu e i n 2 14 T h e s h ape o ft h e p a r i sh , w ho se s ou th er np o r t ion 1 086 .1 w a s ar e c t angu la r a r ea j o in ed t ot h e r e s t o ft h e p a r i sh b y a row n n ar eck o f l a nd , s ugge s t s t h a t t h e p a r i sh b ounda r i e s w e r e d r awn t oi n c lud e ap a r t icu la r ly v a luab l e o ru s ef u l a r ea . T o t h e s ou th -ea s t a r e s im i la r a ppendage s t o K ing ton i n t C lave rdon a nd E d s ton e i n Woo ton Waw en . A s f a r a s K ing ton i sc on cer n ed ( s ee b e low u nd e r C lave rdon ) t h e r e i s e v id en ce t o i n d i ca t e t h a t t h e v a lue o f t h i s a r ea l a y i n i t s w ood land . F ew m ed ieva lr e co rd sg i ve m ino rp l a ce -nam e si n P r e s ton B ago tw h ich c an b em a t ched w i th n am e s o nt h et i he

F igur e6 8 : B eaud e ser t s s F ou r a c r e s o f w ood a nd a sa r t ( b o sc i e t e sar t i ) w e r e 2 0 4 D e sp i t e t h e p r e serva t ion r e co rd ed f o r Wh i t ley i n 1 2 12 .1 o fv a r iou sd eed sr e la t ing t o Wh i t ley , n or e co rd s o fm ed ieva l w ood land h ave b een f ound . T h e r e w a s af u r long c a led t h e l s h aw ( c u l turam v oca tam l e S chawe ) , an am e p r e sumab ly 2° 5 d e r ived f r om a nO ld E ng l i sh w o rd f o rw ood land .1 Mo s t o ft h e s u rv iv ing m ed i eva l d eed s d ea l ing w i th l a nd i n E d s ton e r e f e r t oh o ld ing s d i s t r ibu t ed i ns m a l p a r ce l s i nt h e l

1 04

2 15 T he m ap a nd am ap o f Woo ton Wawen d rawn i n1 736 .1 t l l l n am e o f E ggwe l Wood , c a led H agwe l C opp ice i n 1 736 , m ay c om e f r om t h e m ed ieva l E gge , wh ich o ccu r s i n t wo

C lave rdon a s w e l a s i n P in ley t h i s d eed d oe s n o t p rov ide l c onc lu s ive e v idence f o rt h e s i te o ft h ew ood .

t h i r teen th -cen tu ry d eed sr e la t ing t oP re s ton B ago t a nd s e em s t oh ave t h e s am e d e r iva t ion a nd m ean ing a st h e E gge wh ich

T he re w e re o t he r a sa i l s i nC lave rdon . A n i n qu i s i t ion p o s t s mo r t em o f 13 25 r e co rded t h i r ty a c re s n ew ly a sa i l ed a sp a r t s 2 3 1 C lave rdon ' s p re sen t w ood s c anno t b e o ft h e d eme sne .1

l b ecame t h e mode rn E dge H i l i n s ou th -ea s t 2 16 H oweve r , E ggwe l l Wood a nd t h e E dge Wa rw ick sh i r e .1 a bove B eaude se r ta r es om ed i s tance a pa r t . ring O ft h e t wo d eed s i nt h e R ead ing Abbey c a r tu la r ie s r e f er t t o w ood land i n P r e s ton B ago t o ne , a t r ibu ted t o 1 226 -38 , 2 17 m en t ion s ag rove b u t g i ve s n o i nd ica t ion o fi t s l o ca t ion .1 Ano the r , p os sib ly f r om 1 221-38 , r e f e r s t ow ood b y t h e l a nd h e ld o f G eof frey C h imbe l a nd a s soc ia te s t h e l a nd w i th a mil l.1218 A l a t e s i x teen th -cen tu ry s u rvey o fl a nd s f o rm e r ly

r e ga rd ed a st h er emnan t s o fm ed ieva lw ood land , f o rH ang ing Wood , k nown a s H ad ley K ing s C opp ice a nd A rm ley C opp ice i nt h e e i gh teen th a nd n ine teen th c en tu r ie s , i n c lude s r i dge a nd f u row , s how ing t h a t i ti sa tl e a s ti np a r t s e conda ry r w ood land .1 2 32 T he r ea r er e co rd so fa sa i l s o nt h eh igh g round s ou th -we s to f s K ing ton G range wh ich l i e s b e tween P r e s ton B ago t a nd E d s tone a nd e x tend s t o Au s ty Wood . T h i s mu s t b e t h e s i te o f C hy rho l t a l ia s S i rhou l te . H ugh d e B u r le ia g r an ted t o Woo ton Wawen P r io ry p a r t o f h i s a sa i l s i n C lave rdon t s b e tween h a lwe s towe ( Au s ty ) a nd S i rhou l te t o ge the r w i th t h i r ty s ix s e l ion s i nS i rhou l te i t se lf , wh ich w a s d e sc r ibed a s 2 33 L ike H e se lho l ti nP re s ton B ago tt h e b e ing i nC lave rdon .1 n am e S i rhou l te s e em s t o p re serve t h e O ld E ng l i sh h o l t m ean ing w ood .

b e long ing t oR ead ing A bbey i nt h i sa r ea i n c lude sC he lomb i s l m eadow b y t h e b rook t ot h e n or th o ft h e l o rd 's l a nd c a led l f ox ley ( wh ich m ay b e m a tched t o t h e F ox ley o n modem m ap s ) a nd s ou th o ft h er oad f r om P re s ton t oH en ley . 1219 An a l de r -g rove i n P r e s ton w a s g ran ted t o B o rde s ley A bbey c .1 23 1 _ 58 ; 12 20 i tw a sp r e sumab ly o n w e t l a nd , b u tt h e re a r e n of u r the rc l ue st oi t sl o ca t ion . I th a s b een s ugge s t ed t h a t H e se lho l t , a n a r ea i nt h e n o r th o f t h e p a r i sh w h ich p roduced r en t f o r t h e l o rd o fB eaude se r t i n 1 265 , 12 2 1 w a s a m ano r c r ea ted b y p o s t -Conque s t s 2 2 T h e p l ace -nam e i t se lf a ppea r s t o c on ta in t h e a sa r t ing . 12 sib O ld E ng l i sh h o l t , t r an s la t ed a s wood , p os ly aw ood w i th a 2 2 3 T h i s i sn o p roof t h a t t h e s i ng l e o r ma in s p ec ie s o ft r ee .1 a r ea w a s w ood land i nt h e l a te r , a s d i s t inc t f r om t h e e a r ly , m ed ieva lp e r iod o re ven i n1 086 .

A no the r d eed r e f er o S i rhou l te d ea l t w i th l a nd i n ring t K ing ton b y t h e r oad f r om Au s ty Wood ( bo sco d e h a leu s tou ) 2 34 T h i s m ino r p l ace -nam e s e em s t o t owa rd s P i r if ord .1 s u rv ive i n t h e f i e ld -nam e s P er o rd C lo se a nd P er o rd ryf ryf K eyn ton a nd t h e d i tch a soc ia ted w i th t h e l a nd m ay b e s 2 35 r e f lec t ed i nt h en ame o ft h e f i e ld c a led Moa ted K eyn ton .1 l T he l a nd a d jo in ed a m a r lp i t b e long ing t o t h e p r io ry b y

K inghemeg raue . T he f i r s tt wo e l emen t s o ft h i s n am e a ppea r t o b e k ing ( a s i n K ing ton ) a nd t h e O ld E ng l i sh h aeme

C laverdon

2 36 T h e s am ee l emen t s a ppea ri nK ingemewo ld e ( p eop le o f ) .1 i nK in e ton b y We le sbou rne .1 2 37 T he u se o ft h ew o rd h aeme l

T he p a r i sh o f C lave rdon i n c luded L ang ley , K ing ton a nd

s ugge s t s ap r e -Conque s t h i s to ry f o r t h e g rove o ft h e p eop le o f K ing ton . I n 15 75 t h e T h roc i cmo r ton l a nd s i n K ing ton

S onga r . O n ly o ne d imen s ion , al e ague , w a s g iven f o r C lave rdon ' s s i lva i nD ome sday B ook ; L ang ley ' s m ea su red o n e l e ague b y h a lf al e ague a nd t h a t i nK ing ton w a s w or th l 2 24 t e ns h i l ing s ay ea r .1

2 38 T h i s w ood -nam e i n c lud ed aw ood c a led G rove Wood .1 l h a s n o tb een t r aced o n a ny mode rn m ap o rd ocum en tb u tb y m a t ch ing f i e ld n ame s i nt h e s u rvey o f 1 575 w i th n am e s o n

t h e t ihe map i th a s b een d educed t h a t t h e s i t e o f t h e s i x teen th -cen tu ry g rove w a s p robab ly L i t le Meadow t C opp ice ; t h e m ed ieva l g rove p robab ly e x tend ed t o t h e p a r i sh b ounda ry 1 2 39 .

T he re a r e r e f e rence s t o t h e e a r l o f Wa rw ick 's w ood o f C lave rdon i n s ome t we lf th -cen tu ry d eed s , t h e e a r l ie s t o f 2 2 5 T h ir teen th -cen tu ry d eed s w h ich h a sb een d a ted t o 123 .1 r e la t ing t oB i rchur s t i nL ang ley ( s ee b e low ) , ar e f e rence t o A rme ley ( an am e w h ich s u rv ived i n to t h e modem p e r iod ) a s s 2 2 6 a nd t h e c on t ex t o fo ne o ft h e t we lf th -cen tu ry a n a sa r t ,1 g ran t s s ugge s t t h a t t h e w ood w a s i nt h e w e s t o fC lave rdon , n o r th o fL ang ley a nd E d s tone . T he g ran to fc ommon p a s tu re i nt h e w ood o fC lave rdon t oR ead ing A bbey a nd i t s t e nan t s 2 27 w ou ld h ave b een much mo re c onven ien ti n i nR ow ing ton 1 aw ood a d jo in ing t h e i ro wn l a nd st h an i no ne s i tua ted f u r the r

S u rv iv ing e v idence s ugge s t s t h a t much o f L ang ley ' s w ood land h ad b een c l ea red b y c . 1300 . I n t h a t y ea r B i rchur s te w a s d e sc r ibed a s a t e nem en t b e long ing t o B o rd e s ley A bbey b e tween t h e r oad l e ad ing f r om K in e ton 2 4 ° A t owa rd s L ang ley a nd t h e c ommon f i e ld o fE d s ton e .1 d eed d ea l ing w i th l a nd i n E d s tone i n c lud ed a n a sa i l a nd s B i r chur s ta sb ounda ry p o in t s .1 2 4 1 Ano the rr e f er oa sa i l s red t s i n L ang ley b y C he lewe le s iche a nd t h e b ound s o f l l E d s ton e .1 2 4 2 R ead ing A bbey h e ld l a nd i nL ang ley n ex t t o B i rchur s t .1 2 4 3 A l a te s i x teen th -cen tu ry s u rvey o f l a nd s a tach ed t o t h e A bbey ' s mano r o f R ow ing ton i n c luded t 2 44 I ts em sr e a sonab le t oi n f e r L ang ley Moo ri nC lave rdon .1 e t h a t L ang ley Moo r w a s h e ld b y t h e A bbey i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd t h a t i t s s i te , n ea r t oE d s tone , h e lp s t o l o ca t eB i rchur s t .

e a s t . I n t h e l a te s i x teen th c en tu ry t h e modem B ammoo r G reen w a sk nown a sC lave rdon C ommon , an ame s ugge s t ive 2 2 8 T he s im i la r ly s ugge s t ive m ino r o f f o rm e r w ood land .1 p l ace -nam e s o f R idd ing a nd R edd ing w e re l o ca ted i n t h e 2 29 T homa s , n o r th a nd w e s to ft h ep a r i sh i nt h et ihe a wa rd .1 e a r l o f Wa rw ick , i ss a id t oh ave g ran ted t oP in ley P r io ry a n s a sa r t b e tween t h e w ood o f C lave rdon a nd t h e P r io ry ' s 2 3 ° bu t a s t h e P r io ry i s s a id t o h ave h e ld l a nd i n l a nd s ,1

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L ang ley G rove w a s r e co rd ed i n t h e s i x t een th c en tu ry . 1245 P r e sum ab ly i to ccup ied t h e a r ea m a rk ed b y G rove n am e s o n t h e e nc lo su r e a nd t i t h e m ap s .1 2 4 6 I n 1 383 ac ou r t r o l f o r l L ang ley i n c lud ed ag r an t o f l a nd i n af i e ld c a led G rof e ld l f s ub tu s h ay i c d e E d s ton ( G rove F i e ld u nd e r t h e h edge o f E d s ton e ) s o i ti sr e a sonab l e t o i n f e r t h e e x i s t en ce o f t h e S om e d eed s m en t ion g r ove i nt h e f o u r t een th c en tu ry . 1247 S ne l e sg rov e ,n ea rt o am a r lp i t ,b u tt h e r ea r en oo t h e rc l u e st o l t h i sg r ove ' sl o ca t ion .1 2 4 8

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Wo lve r ton T h e r e i sl i t t l e i n f o rm a t ion o n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l t o f Wo lve r ton . T he r e a r e n o c l u e s t o por gaphy o t h e d i sappea r an ce o f t h e s ma l l a r ea o f s i lva ( a f u r long i nl e ng th a nd h a lf af u r long i nw id th -a m ax imum o ff o u r a c r e s ) r e co rd ed i nD om e sday B ook u nd e r t h e l a rge r o f Wo lve r ton ' s t wo m ano r s .1 2 5 7 N o r i st h e r e a ny r e co rd o f ag r ove w h ich w ou ld h ave m a t ch ed t h e e n c lo su r e c a led l T he G rove w h ich w a s s hown o n am ap o f 18 20 l 2 5 8 A f ew a t t h e n o r th e nd o f t h e v i lage .1 m ed ieva l d eed s d o r e f e r t o f i e ld -nam e s w h ich c an b e t r a ced o n t h e m ap o f 1 820 , b u t t h e se a r e o f i n t e r e s t p r in c ipa ly i n r e la t ion t o t h e e a r ly l m ed i eva l , r a th e r t h an t o t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l , p e r iod .1 2 5 9 B ear ley

N e i th e r o f B ea r ley ' s t wo m ano r s h ad s i l va i n 1 086 ,1 2 6 0 b u tt h e re w a s ag r ove i nt h e t h i r t een th c en tu ry . R icha rd , s on o f G er i , g r an t ed t o W i l l iam d e B u r l e a l t h e g r ove ( t o tam g rauam ) w h i ch l a y b e tw een t h e l a nd o f t h e m onk s o f B o rd e s l ey a nd P a th low a nd a l t h e c r of t l y ing 2 6 1 b e tw een t h e s am e g r ove a nd P a th low .1 R obe r t , s on o f W i l iam d e B u r le ia , g r an t ed t o l B o rd e s ley A bbey l a nd a nd a i s g r ove w h ich l h h i sf a th e rh ad a cqu i r ed f r om G er ii n ap l ea i nh i s l o rd ' s c ou r t ( t o tam g rauam m eam q uam p a te r m eu s a dqu i s iu i t d e g enii n c ur ia d om in i m e i p lac i to ) . B o rd e s ley A bbey w ou ld h o ld f r om R obe r t ' s l o rd , W i l iam C um in .1 2 6 2 R obe r t ' s g r an t w a s t h e l 2 6 3 J ohn d e B u r le ia s ub jec t o f a tl e a s t t h r ee o t h e r d eed s .1 m ad e a no th e r g r an t t o t h e A bbey o f l a nd i n t h e f i e ld o f B ea r l ey e x t end ing f r om t h e a sa r t o ft h e m onk s t ot h e f o rk s s ( f ur ca s ) o f P a th low n ex t t o t h e p a th f r om t h e g r ove o f 2 6 4 O the r g r an t s r e f er ot h e B ur l e ia t owa rd s C lop ton .1 red t w a s t eu nd e rt h eg r ove o fJ ohn ( p r e sumab ly J ohn d eB u r l e ) , a g r ove a bu t ing o n S t on iewe i a nd t h e a sa r t b e tw een l e t s 2 6 5 T h e se d eed sg i ve t h e S t anwe ia nd l a nd t owa rd sP a th low .1 g r ove ' sa pp rox im a t el o ca t ion , s ugge s tt h a ti tc ou ld h av eb een n am ed a f t e r e i th e r t h e p l a ce o r t h e f am i ly o f B ea r l ey a nd s how t h a ti th ad b een p a r to f al a rge ra r ea o fw ood land .

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F igur e 7 0 : B ear l ey a nd S n i t t ed ie ld R ef e r ence s t o t h e g r ove o f S onga r o ccu r i n s e ve ra l t h i r t een th -cen tu ry d eed s w h i ch r e co rd ed g if t s t o B o rd e s ley 2 4 9 O n e d eed r e co rd ed A bbey o fa d ja cen t l a nd i nE d s ton e .1 t h eg r an to ft h eg r ove i t s e lf . R a lph , s on o fH ugh o fE d s ton e , g ave t h e m onk s a i s g r ove n ex t t o t h e monk s ' S onga r l h G range ( t o tam g rauam q ue m ea f u i t i u x ta s uhang ra g rang ia e or und em m onachorum ) ,e xp la in ing t h a th eh ad d on et h i sf o r t h es ou lo fh i sl o rd T hu r s t an d e Mon t f o r t ,w ho h ad g i ven h im 2 5 °T hu r s tan d e Mon t f o r tI , t h e s am e g r ove f o rh i s s e rv ice .1 f a th e r o fP e t e r d e Mon t f o r t w ho w a s aw i tn es ot h e g r an t , s t d i ed i n 1 21 6 ,1 2 5 1 s o t h e g r an t w a s p robab ly m ad e s ho r t ly a f t e rwa rd s . Aw ood ( s ad ly r e cen t ly r e p lan t ed ) a d jo in s t h e p r e sen tS onga rG range i nC lave rdon . I nt h ee a r ly n i ne t een th l l 2 52 I t is now c a led S onga r c en tu ry i tw a sc a led N u t Wood .1

B ea r ley g r ove a ppea r s t o h ave r e ve r t ed t o t h e l o rd o f t h e m ano r , u n les tw a s d i v id ed b e tw een t h e l o rd a nd t h e s i 1 07

A bbey , f o r i n 1 3 17 S i r J ohn C an t i lupe , l o rd o f S n i te rf i e ld t

t h e o nce a d jacen t B ea r ley B u she s i nB ea r ley w e re f o rme r ly

a nd o fp ar t o fB ea r ley , g ran ted t oh i s s on a nd h e i r t h e w ho le o f h i s g rove c a led B ur leye g roue i n h i s l o rd sh ip o f l 2 6 6 B ea r ley G rove w a s s t i l l p a r t o f S n i t te rf ie ld S n i t e rf ie ld .1 t

a r ea s o f p e rmanen t c ow p a s tu re , w h ich b ecam e r edundan t f o low ing i mp roved a g r icu l tu ra l r o ta t ion s i n t h e e i gh teen th l 2 78 T h i s c en tu ry a nd r e ve r ted t o s c rub a nd w ood land .1 s t a temen t p re sen t s ap rob lem i n h i s to r ica l e co logy , f o r

m ano r i n 1 816 , w hen p a r t o fi t wa s s hown o n am ap o ft h e 2 67 T he s ugge s t ion t h a tt h e l o rd h e ld o n ly p a r t o ft h e e s ta t e .1 g rove i ss uppor ted b ym ano r ia l a ccoun t s f o r 1 439 a nd 1 46 1 ,

S n i te rf ie ld B u she s c on ta in s pec ie s o f p l an t s , p a r t icu la r ly t h e rb p a r i s , w h ich a r e a soc ia ted w i th a nc ien t w ood land s r a the rt h an w i th c ompa ra t ive ly l a te s e conda ry w ood land .

i nw h ich i tw a s s t a ted t h a t t h e d em e sn e l a nd s w e re o u t t o l f a rm , i n c lud ing a lt h a tp a r to ft h eu nde rwood i nB ur l eyg rove 2 6 8 T he w ood land w h ich w a s w h ich b e longed t ot h em ano r .1 m apped i n 1 8 16 may n o t h ave b een p a r t o f t h e o r ig ina l

S n i te rf ie ld B u she s a r e f i r s t m en t ioned i n m ano r ia l t 2 79 s o t h ey a n t eda t e t h e i r a d ocumen t s d a ted 1 560 ,1 leged e i gh teen th -cen tu ry o r ig in b y a tl e a s t o ne h und red a nd f i f ty y ea r s . I nt h e s e cond h a lf o ft h e s i x teen th c en tu ry t h ey w e r e u sed f o r g raz ing s heep a t c e r ta in , p re sc r ibed t im e s o f t h e 2 8 ° T he e v idence t h a t t h e B u she s w e r e a r ab le l a nd i n y ea r .1 t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod i sa s f o low s . Ac r of t c a led A l se l l 2 8 1 I n l e y sa ppea r so n amoder nm ap b y S n i te rf ie ld B u she s .1 t 1 309 a deed d e scr ibed p loughed l a nd ( c u l tura ) c a led A l i s l l e yen a sb e tween l a nd o fR obe r t Mo r in a nd l a nd o fJ ohn l e C au s a nd e x tend ing i nl e ng th f r om t h e k ing ' s h ighway u p t o 2 82 I n m ano r ia l a coun t s t h e p loughed l a nd o f Wo lver ton .1 c f o r 1 46 1 u ncu l t iva ted l a nd ( t er r i s t e ) c a led A l i s l e y s w a s re f l

g rove , b ecau se t h e re a r e r e co rd s o ft h e g rove ' s e n la rgem en t . l A ccoun t s o f 1 46 1 s t a ted t h a t ac r of t c a led N ew lond , w h ich u sed t or ende r 2 s . 6 d . p e r a nnum , h ad b een e nc lo sed w i th in l t h e g rove c a led B ur ley g rove o n t h e o rde r s o f T homa s H uggef o rd a nd N icho la s R odey , e xecu to r s o f t h e l a te 2 69 T h i s i s ac l ea r , a nd r a r e , R icha rd , e a r l o f Wa rw ick .1 r e co rd o f t h e e s tab l i shmen t o f a n a r ea o f s e conda ry

w ood land t owa rd st h e e nd o ft h e l a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod . T he i n c lu s ion o fN ew land c rof t e i nB ur leyg rove w a s m en t ioned 2 70 a nd t h e n ew a r ea o f w ood land ccoun i n a t s f o r 1 480 -1 1 2 7 1 B y 1 668 l a nd c a led s t i lh ad as epa ra t e i d en t i ty i n1 545 .1 l l B ear ly G rove c on ta ined 1 60 a c re s a nd i n1 692 t wo c opp ice s 2 7 2 c a led B ea r ley G rove c on ta ined 1 20 w ood a c r e s .1 l P re sumab ly t h e p a r t s o f t h e e a r ly moder n w ood t owa rd s

n ex tt oS onga ri nG res ldf e ld a nd w a s i nt h e l o rd ' s h and s s ewo 2 8 3 L and s c a led G re swo ld s l a y t o t h rough l a ck o ft e nan t s .1 l t h e s ou th o f S n i t e rf i e ld B u she s i n t h e modem p e r iod a nd t G re swo ld w a s m eadow l a nd i n 1 461 , b u t G res ldf e ld a s s ewo 2 84 T h i s d ocum en ta ry e v id ence s uch d oe s n o t r e appea r .1 s ugge s t s t h a tt h e f i e ld w a s w i thd rawn f r om c u l t iva t ion i nt h e i f teen th c en tu ry a nd b ecame t h e B u she s . Mano r ia l a coun t s f c

P a th low w e r e t h e o r ig ina l m ed ieva l g rove , b u t t h e e xac t b ounda r ie so ft h a tg rove a nd o ft h ew ood w h ich w a s a sa r ted s a r eu nknown . T he re i s no e v idence t oa soc ia te t h em ed ieva l s 2 7 3 w a s t ew i th t h eB u she sC ommon o fc . 1775 .1 T h r ee e xp lana t ion s c an b e s ugge s ted f o rt h e a b sence o fs i lva f r om t h e D om e sday r e co rd o fB ea r ley ' s m ano r s .

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s c r ibe may h ave om i ted s i lva a cc iden ta ly . S econd ly , t h e t l D om e sday mano r s may h ave e xc luded t h ee a s t er np a r to ft h e e cc le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh w he re t h e l a te r m ed ieva l w ood land t s e em s t oh ave b een s i tua ted . S n i te rf i e ld m ano r m igh t h ave e x tended i n to B ea r ley i nt h e e l even th c en tu ry a si td id i nt h e

f o r 1 430 -1 r e co rded t h ir ty s e l ion s o fu ncu l t iva ted l a nd n ex t t oB ea r ley a nd a no the r t wen ty s e l ion s n ex t t oB ea r ley f i e ld . T he h e rbage o f t h i s l a nd p roduced n o th ing b ecau se i tw a s 2 8 5 I t b e ing p a s tu red b yt h e c a t le a nd a n ima l s o ft h e m ano r .1 t i s n o t c l ea r whe the r t h i s l a nd l a y n or th o r s ou th o f t h e moder n r oad r unn ing e a s t t o w e s t t h rough S n i t e rf i e ld t B u she s . Howeve r , g iven t h e amoun t o f w ood land i n t h e e a s ter np a r t o fB ea r ley i nt h e moder np e r iod , t oge th e r w i th t h e p re sence t h e r e o f m ed ieva l w ood land i n t h e f o rm o f B ea r ley G rove ( s ee a bove , u nde r B ea r ley ) i t c an b e s ugge s ted t h a t p l an t s c ha rac t e r i s t ic o f a nc ien t w ood land s p read f r om B ea r ley ' s w ood land i n to S n i te rf i e ld o ve r t h e t c en tu r ie s . I tc ou ld a l so b e s ugge s ted t h a t a ts om e s t age i n t h e i r d eve lopmen t t h e B u she s w e r e a ugmen ted b y s ome

f t i f teen th ; h oweve r , S n i te rf i e ld h ad n o s i lva i n D ome sday 2 74 T h i rd ly , B ea r ley ' s w ood land i n1 086 m igh t B ook e i the r .1 f h ave d i f e red i ns ome w ay f r om t h e s i lva o fo t he r mano r s ,i n t t h e Woo ton a r ea . T he n om enc la tu r e o f B ea r ley ' s g rove sib p o in t s t ot h e t h i rd o ft h e se p os i l i t ie s , a na logou s w i th t h e g rove so fs ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e . T he re w a sn oh in to f p a s tu r e r i gh t s i nt h e m ed ieva l g rove o fB ea r ley . H oweve r , s t h e r e co rd s o fa sa r t s a nd t h e s i ng le r e f e ren ce t o w a s te a r e r em in i scen t o f many o the r p l ace s i n n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re f o r wh ich s i lva w a s r e co rded i n D ome sday

s ap l ing s f r om aw ood i nw h ich h e rb p a r i s g r ew a nd t h a t t h e p l an tc ame w i th t h et r ee si nt h es o i la r ound t h em . A s ton C an t low

B ook . T he re i sn oa ppa ren ts o lu t ion t ot h ep rob lem . T he p a r i sh o fA s ton C an t low i n c lud ed W i lmco te , S he lf i e ld S n it ie ld terf

2 86 D om e sday B ook r e co rd ed s i lva a nd N ewnham .1 m ea su r ing o ne s qua r e l e ague u nde rA s ton ,b u tn os i lva u nde r N ewnham o rW i lm co te .1 2 8 7 T he re w a sn o s epa ra te e n t ry f o r S he lf i e ld .

T he re w a s n o s i lva i nt h e mano r o fS n i t e r f ie ld i n 1 086 .1 2 7 5 t T he re w a s a w ood c a led C o ldwe lhu l i n 1 306 1 2 76 wh ich l l l m ay b em a t ched t ot h e C awde la l s . H ead sh i lf f e i ld o f1 672 , l l w h ich w a sp a r to f Hunge rh i lf i e ld i nt h ee x t r em ee a s to ft h e l p a r i sh i n 1 765 , a nd t o t h e moder n w ood c a led C a ldwe l l l 2 77 S p r ing Wood .1

T he re s em s t oh ave b een w ood land i nS he lf i e ld i nt h e l a te r e m ed ieva l p e r iod . I n t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry W i l iam d e l

S n i t e rf i e ld o f e r s a n e xamp le o ft h e f o rma t ion o fs e conda ry t f w ood land o nl a nd wh ich w a s c u l t iva ted i nt h e l a te rm ed ieva l

A s ton .1 2 8 8 P a rk n ame s i n S he lf ie ld t h e r efo re p o in t t o t h e a pp rox ima te l o ca t ion o f t h e a s sa r t ed w ood land .1 2 89

p e r iod . I th a s b een s t a t ed t h a t b o th S n i t e rf i e ld B u she s a nd t

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2 9 ° H oweve r , n o t r e f e r t o a ny w ood land o u t s ide t h e p a rk .1 a ccoun t s f o rt h e y ea r 1 467 -8 d ea l tn o t o n ly w i th t h e l a ck o f s a le o fw ood f r om t h ep a rk o fS he lf i e ld b u ta l so w i th t h e s a le 2 9 1 T he p re sen tA s ton G rove i s o ft h o rn s f r om A s tong rove .1 t h e s am e s hape a si n 1 776 , when i t con ta ined n ea r ly t h i r ty -

f i ve a c r e s , b u t t h a t s hape s ugge s t s t h a t a ts om e t ime c l o se s h ad b een a dded t oo rt a ken o u to fi t .1 292 T he g rove i s on t h e s ou the rn e dge o ft h ep a r i sh , a d jo in ing W i thycombe Wood i n

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a n ima l s i n f o r ty a c r e s o f w ood a nd l a nd i n R ouna lne .1 2 9 6 S om e t e nan t s h e ld b y c u s tom o f a sa i l ( c on sue tud inem s 2 9 7 I ti sh a rd ly s u rp r i s ing t h a t a sar t i ) i n 1 361-2 .1 s l a nd c a led N ewe lond a d jo ined t h e w ood o fA lne i n l 1 316 .1 2 9 8 T he mode rn A lne Wood p re sumab ly c on ta in s s om er emnan t s o ft h e m ed ieva lw ood w h i ch ASTON w e r e n o t c l ea red ; l a nd c a led N ew land s a d jo ined i t l CANTLO y o n am ap o fc . 1695 .1 2 99 T he re i s a s i ng le r e co rd o fa

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d ocum en ted w ood s . T he p rox im i ty o fC lou se Wood t o Mor ton C ommon , a l ia s Mo r ton Wa s t i n 1 695 , s ugge s t s t h a t C lou se Wood w a s t h e e nc lo sed w ood 3° 3 T he n am e i s s epa ra ted f r om t h e c ommon w ood .1 l s im i la rt ot h a to fC lowe s Wood i nF o r shaw , S o l ihu l , w h ich i sa r guab ly d e r ived f r om t h e F r en ch o r L a t in f o r c l o se . Mo r ton B ago t i sp oo r ly d ocum en t ed i n r e spec t o fm ino r m ed ieva l p l ace -nam e s , s o i t is n o t sib p os le t os ay w he the rt h e mode rn B annam s Wood , much o f w h ich i s d emon s t rab ly s e conda ry 3° 4 a nd P oo l s Wood h ave m ed ieva l w ood land ,1 a n t eceden t s .

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l S perna l l D ome sday B ook ' s e n t ry f o r S pe rna l i n c luded s i lva m ea su r ing t h ree f u r long sb y o ne , n o mo r e t h an t h i r ty a c re s o u t o f t h e 1 , 090 a c re s w h ich f o rmed t h e 3° 5 T he re a r e r e co rd s o fb o th e cc le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh .1 w ood p a s tu r e a nd e nc lo sed w ood s i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p er iod w i th e nough d e ta i l t o s ugge s t t h e s i te o fo ne o ft h o se w ood s i nt h e n o r th o ft h e p a r i sh , b u tn oi n f o rma t ion o nt h ea r ea c ove r ed b yw ood .

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F igu re 7 1 : A lne A lne D om e sd ay B ook r e co rded s i lva m ea su r ing h a lf al e ague b y f ou r f u r long s u nde r A lne , wh ich w a s h e ld b y W inchcombe A bbey .1 2 9 3 I n t h e s e cond h a lf o f t h e t we lf th c en tu ry t h e

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c on t iguou sw i th , l am ereg rave a nd g i ven t h ep a s tu re r i gh t s i n J ohn D u rvas l ' s w ood w h ich w e re s u rend e r ed b y t h e l o rd sa r o f Mor ton B ago t , i ti s re a sonab le t os ugge s tt h a tt h e w ood o f S pe rna l a d jo in ed Mor ton B ago t . N ower s , af i e ld -name o n l

t h e s ou the rn e dge o f Mor ton B ago t , 13 10 a d joi ni ng S pe rna l l p a rk , b ea r s e nough r e semb lan ce t o o ue re s t o p romp t t h e s ugge s t ion t h a t L e s o uere s d i sappea red i n to S pe rna l l p a rk . T he c r ea t ion o f ap a rk c ou ld a l so e xp la in t h e d i sappea rance o ft h en am e sh or t so le a nd a rab le . sa f T he D ur vas l w ood a nd t h e w ood o fR obe r to fO f o rd w e r e l l a ppa ren t ly n o t t h e o n ly w ood s i nS pe rna l . T h e l a nd c a led l S t . G i le s ' s , f o rme r ly o fC ookh i l P r io ry , i n c lud ed ac opp ice l w ood c a led N unwood e c on ta in ing f i f teen a c r e s a t t h e 3 1 1 O n am ap o f c . 1695 t h e N un s Wood w a s so D is lu t ion .1 3 12 T he s ame m ap s hown a s t wen ty -f ive a c re s i n e x ten t .1 t a t r ibu ted o ve r t h i r ty -one a c r e s t o Mo rgon s C opp ice . T he moder n s i ze c anno t b e u sed a s a gu ide t o t h e s i ze o f t h e m ed ieva l w ood s , a l though t h e a ppa ren t i n c rea se i n s i ze o f t t h eN un s Wood m ay b e a t r ibu tab le t ot h eu s e o fw ood a c re s , so l a rge rt h an s t a tu te a c re s , a tt h eD is lu t ion .

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A l l s t ud ie s h ave a dd r es sed t h e f a c t t h a t w o ld , a tl e a s t f r om 9 T h i s i s c . 1205 , h a s a no the r m ean ing open u p land .8 g en e ra ly r e ga rd ed a s as e conda ry m ean ing w h ich a r o se f r om l t o pog raph ica l c hange s . A s l a rge a r ea s o f w ood land s d i sappea r ed p eop le c am e t o a soc ia t e w a ld o r w o ld w i th a

A s w i th l e ah , t h e m ean ing s o f h yr s t -mod ern h u r s t -a r e a mb iguou s . I th a sb een t r an s la ted a sb o th h i lock a nd w ood . l "Wood ed h i l " m ay b e t h e " be s t r e nde r ing " i n t h e l 5 b u tt h e re i s no c er ta in ty i nt h i s c omp rom i se . c i r cum s tance s ,8 H yr s t h a s n o t a t rac t ed t h e s ame l e ve l o f d eba t e a s l e ah , t b ecau se i td oe s n o t h ave t h e m ean ing " c lea r ing " a nd t h e c o re spond ing c onno ta t ion w i th s e t lemen t a nd b ecau se i t r t o ccu r s much l e s f r equen t ly i nm a jo r p l ace -name s . T he r e i s s

l r t b a r e , h i ly t e ra in b e te r s u i ted t op a s tu r e t h an t oa r ab le l a nd . T he Wea ld o fK en t w a s an o tab le e xcep t ion . S ome s cho la r s a r gue t h a t , o n ce t h em ean ing c hanged , w o ld w a s t h en a pp l ied t o o t he r t r a c t s o f u p land p a s tu re , b u t o t he r s m a in ta in t h a t

aw e l a u then t ica ted e a r ly e xamp le o f i ti n a ma jo r p l ace l n am e i n Wa rw ick sh i re . N u thu r s t w a s u sed a s ap l ace -nam e i n ac ha r te rd a t ed t ot h e d ecade 6 99 -709 . A sa l ready p o in ted o u t , t h e re w e re p re sumab ly o the r h u r s t s i n t h e n e ighbou rhood w hen t h e n ame w a s f o rmed ; o t he r c ompound s i n c lud ing h u r s t a r e d ocumen ted f o r t h e p a r i sh i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod . I n m ino r p l ace -nam e s h y r s t i s p o ten t ia ly a so l da si nm a jo rp l ace -name s . l H y r s t o ccu r s i n m ino r p l ace -name s i n n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e . I nS u ton C o ldf i e ld , f o r e xamp le , E che lhu r s t , t B rockhu r s t , R am shu r s t a nd L ang leyhu r s t , w hen a dded t o m ino r n am e s i n l e ah - Wynd ley , R ough ley , L ang ley , Wa lm ley , W y t e l e , l a L ee , R avenn s ley a nd W y lnerd e s leye s ugge s t ac omb ina t ion o fh i ly a r ea s o fw ood land a nd p i ece s l 6 H yr s t o fo pen l a nd n ea rby , e ach w i th ad i s t inc t i d en t i t y .8 a l so o ccu r s i n m ino r p l ace -name s i n s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e . I f h y r s t c an i n deed b e t a ken t o d eno te w ood land , t h en i tp rov ide s f u r the r e v idence o f w ood land s ou th a nd e a s to ft h eA von i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod . T he e v idence i ss hown i nF igu re 7 8 a nd A ppend ix 4 . T he p l ace s w h ich h ad h u r s t s w e re w ide ly d i spe r sed . I n S t re ton -on t D un smo re t h e n ame B u rn thu r s t w a s a tached t o aw ood t w h ich s u rv ived i n to t h e moder np e r iod .

s w o ld w a s a lway s a soc ia ted w i th l a nd w h ich h ad b een o r e xamp le , i t w ooded w hen t h e n am e w a s f i r s t g i ven . 9° F h a s b een s t a ted u nque s t ion ing ly t h a t w o ld u sed a s am ino r p l ace -name i nY o rk sh i re " de s igna te s o ne c ommun i ty ' s s h a r e o ft h e u p land p a s tu re " a nd t h a t s uch m ino rp l ace -nam e s " a r e 1 I n c on t ra s t , sion o n o t r e levan t t oa ny d i scus fw ood land " .9 t h e re h a s b een n o h e s i ta t ion i n a se r t ing t h a t am ed ieva l s f i e ld -name ( Moo r O ld ) i n P endock , Wo r ce s t e r sh i r e , 2 A s im i la r " p re served t h e m emo ry o f f o rme r w ood land " .9 l i ne h a s b een t a ken i nr e la t ion t of i e ld -nam e s i n c lud ing w o ld i nN o r thamp ton sh i re i nr e la t ion t or e sea rch i n to t h e o r ig in s l 3 T he a l ter na t ive s pe l ing s h ave n o t o f o pen f i e ld s t h e re .9 f b een l i nked t o a ny d i f e r ence i n m ean ing d u r ing t h e m ed ieva l p er iod , b u t w o ld h a s b ecome t h e moder n f o rm a nd r n ow c a r ie st h em ean ing o pen , u p land p a s tu re . N o a r ea o f Wa rw ick sh i re h a s a cqu i red t h e t i le o f t h e l Wa rw ick sh i re Wo ld s , b u t S i r W i l iam D ugda le c e r ta in ly s aw l ap a ra le l w i th w o ld s e l sewhe r e w hen h e w ro te u nde r C o ton l i nC hu rchove r , w h ich h ad b een c a led C o ton s uper W a lda s l i nt h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry , o f" t he se h i ly p a r t s b e ing t h en , a nd l a f te r , c a led Wou lde s a sm any o t he r o ft h a t k ind a r e t ot h i s 4 I n t h e o n ly p ub l i shed s t udy o f d ay i n o t he r C oun t ie s " .9 w o ld s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e t h e h i gh a l t i tude n o ted b y D ugda le h a s b een e mpha s i sed b y d e scr ib ing t h em a s " t he u p land 5 w o ld sw h ich f o rm t h e e a s ter nf r inge o f Warw ick sh i re " .9

T he w o ld s o f Warw ick sh ire T he r e w e re n ea r ly f o r ty p l ace s i n Wa rw ick sh i re w h ich h ad a w o ld . T hey a r e l i s ted i nA ppend ix 5 . T h i s n umbe r i s m uch l a rge rt h an h a sb een r e cogn i sed h i ther to . Mo reove r , c on t ra ry sion g 6 t h e r e a r e t o t h e i mp res i ven i nt h e p ub l i shed s t udy ,9 l a te r m ed ieva l r e co rd s f o r a l l e xcep t t wo o f t h em . S om e

U n ce r ta in ty a bou t t h e m ean ing o fw a ld a nd i t s v a r ian t w o ld i n p l a ce -nam e s i sr e la ted t o t h e c h rono logy o f i n d iv idua l n ame s . A l t h e e xamp le s i n Warw ick sh i re c ome f r om l a te r l m ed ieva l s ou r ce s . H oweve r , i ti s wide ly a cep ted t h a t m a jo r c p l ace -name s a r e much o l de r t h an t h e e a r l ie s t s urv iv ing r e co rd s o f t h em , a nd t h i s s t udy h a s a r gued t h a t t h e s ame a pp l ie s t om ino rp l ace -name s w h ich i n co rpo ra te O ld E ng l i sh l em en t s . A s t udy o f w a ld a nd w o ld s t reng then s t h i s e a r gumen t .

w o ld s , u sua l ly c o r rup t ed t o h o l t i n s tead o f w o ld , h ave s u rv ived i n to t h e moder n p e r iod a nd s e rve a s p l ace -name s t oday ; Wo lvey Wo ld s , S ou tham H o l t , N ap ton H o l t , l I t ch ing ton H o l t a nd K ing ton H o l t a r e a l m a rked o n mod er n 7 O rdnance S ur vey m ap s .9

T he g eog raph ica l d i s t r ibu t ion o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w o ld s i s r ema rkab le . I t is wid e rt h an h a s b een t h ough t h i th er to , e ven c t a k ing i n to a coun t t h e r e cen t i n te rp re ta t ion o f t h e m ino r p l ace -nam e w o ld a t C omp ton V erney a s m ean ing f o rm e r 8 Wo ld s o ccu r n o t o n ly a l ong t h e n or th -ea s t ern w ood land .9 f r inge o ft h e c oun ty b u t a l so s ou th o ft h e r i ve r A von , s i ng ly a nd i nc l u s te r s , a nd t h e r e a r e a few e xamp le s i nt h e A von

T h e t o pog raph ica l s i gn if i cance o f w a ld a nd w o ld h a s b een d i scus n v a r iou s o cca s ion s . I n r e la t ion t o K en t , w e s t s ed o C amb r idge sh i re , Y o rk sh i re , L inco ln sh i re , L e ice s te r sh i re a nd t h e C o t swo ld s i t ha s b een s ugge s t ed w i th g r ea te r o r l e se r s c onv i c t ion t h a t w o ld s i gn if ied a n e x t en s ive u p land a r ea w h ich h ad b een w ooded a ts om e t ime i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod b u t w h ich h ad b een l a rge ly o r w ho ly c l ea red o f l

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F igur e 7 9 : W arw ick sh i r e ' sw o ld s 1 58

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t T he p ar t s o f Woo ton Wawen w h ich s e em t o h ave b een c ove red b y t h e c ha r te r h ad u p land w ood s i n t h e l a t e r he se l m ed ieva l p e r iod a s w e l a s i nt h e e i gh th c en tury . 1°7 T w ood s w e re n o t f a r f r om t h e w o ld s o f S n i te rf ie ld a nd t Wo lver ton . F rom t h e l o ca t ion o fl a te rf i e ld -name s , t h e w o ld s o ft h e se t wo p a r i she s w e re a r guab ly a d ja cen tt oe ach o t he r i n t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry . I nC hap te r T h ree i ti s ar gued t h a t t h e t n o r ther n p a r t o f t h e mod er n S n i te rf ie ld B u sh e s w a s t h e l s ewo m ed ieva l f i e ld c a led G res ldf e ld . Wo lve r ton ' s m ed ieva l

T he w o ld s w h ich h ave b een t r a ced t h rough s u rv iv ing m ino r p l ace -name s o n moder nm ap s w e r e u sua ly o n o rn ea r p a r i sh l o r t own sh ip b ounda r ie s a nd o f ten a d jo ined o t h e r w o ld s . S upe rf i c ia ly , t h ey s em t o b e long t o t h e c l as i ca t ion o f l e sif m ino r n ame s d eno t ing a sha r e o f u p land p a s tu r e . I ndeed , s e ve r a l o f t h em , C hadde sdon W o ld a nd G aydon W o ld i n ing s ton Wo ld i n 1 3 10 ,1 0 0 W a lda i n N ap ton i n 1 495 ,9 K nd l e W aud i n S ou tham i n 1 262 a l ia s S ou tham 1 4 11 , 1°1 a e r e s pec if i ca l ly d e sc r ibed a s c ommon W o ld e i n 1 481 , 1°2 w p a s tu r e i n m ed ieva l d ocum en t s . D oe s t h i s i n d ica t e t h e s e conda ry m ean ing o fu p land p a s tu r e o r w a s i t a l e gacy o f f o rm e r a r ea s o f w ood p a s tu r e? A l though t h e r e i sn o e a r ly m ed ieva l r e co rd o ft h e w o rd w a ld o rw o ld i n Warw ick sh i r e ,

l W a ldf e ld i n c luded af u r long c a led k emenhu l ; i n1 820 c l o se s l c a led K imne l w e re n ea r t o t h e b ounda ry w i th L ang ley , s ugge s t ing t h a t t h e f i e ld o ccup ied t h e s ou th -we s ter n p a r t o f t he re i sn o l a t e r m ed ieva l t h e p a r i sh , b y S n i te rf ie ld . 1°8 T t r e co rd o f w ood land o n t h e w o ld s o f S n i te r f ie ld a nd Wo lver ton .

t h e re i si n d i r ec t e v idence t h a t , i nt h i s c oun ty a s e l sewhe re , m ino r p l ace -name s w e re f o rm ed f r om w o ld i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , b ef o re t h e c hange i n m ean ing t o u p land p a s tu r e . A l is L eyes

P age , S n i t te r f ie ld :t he 1 766 e nc losu res

I tc an b e s ugge s ted f r om t h i s e v idence t h a tt h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f w o ld s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e r e f lec t s t h e e a r ly d i sappea ran ce o f w ood land b ef o r e u se o ft h e w o rd w a ld o rw o ld g ave w ay t o w udu . I th a sb een s ugge s ted i n dependen t ly o ft h i s s t udy t h a t t h e u se o fw a ld w a s i nf luenced b y c h rono logy r a the rt h an b y h i s a r gumen t w ou ld e xp la in w hy f o r e s t s a nd m ean ing . 1°9 T l d i s t r ic t s e l sewhe re i n E ng land w h ich w e re w e l w ooded i n r t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod c a r ied n am e s i n c lud ing w ood The m ino r p l ace -nam e S herwo ld i n r a the r t h an w o ld .1° (

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/WOLVERTON

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F igure 8 0 : S n i t terf i e ld a nd W o lver ton W o ld s T en th -cen tury c har te r s w i th b ounda ry c l au se s s u rv ive f o r s e ve ra l p l ace s , S ou tham , R adbour n e , L adb roke , K ine ton a nd

GAYDON

Wo rm le igh ton , i n wh ich t h e m ino r n am e w a ld o r w o ld w a s r e co rd ed i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p er iod , b u t n e i the r e l emen t a ppea r s i n t h e b ounda ry c l au se s . 1°3 H oweve r , t h e e i gh th c en tu ry c ha r te rc onvey ing l a nd i n Woo ton Wawen i s un ique t t o t h e w e s t m id land s i n u s ing t h e L a t in s a l t ibu s ( up land he n oun s a l tu s h a s w ood s ) i ni t s l i s t o fa ppur tenance s . 1°4 T

F igure 8 1 : B i shop ' sI t ch ing ton , K ing s ton a nd G aydon W o ld s

b een f ound i n af ew K en t i sh c har te r s i nw h ich i tr e f e r s t ot h e na dd i t ion , t h ep l ace -nam eK ingemewo ld Wea ld o fK en t . 1°5 I i nK ine ton s ugge s t s a n e a r ly m ed ieva l o r ig in b ecau se i n i t w o ld w a sc ompounded w i th t h eO ld E ng l i sh h aeme , m ean ing " p eop le o f ' . 1°6 1 59

T he l o ca lt o pog raphy o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w o ld s m ay p r e sen t a c onc lu s ive a r gum en t f o r t h e i r h i s to ry . Wh i l s t t h e s e condary m ean ing o fw a ld o rw o ld i si n va r iab ly g i ven a su p land o pen sa s pace o r p a s tu re , t h e p r ima ry m ean ing w a s n o t n eces r i ly h i s r e s t r ic t ed t ow ood land w h ich w a s o n h i gh g round . 12 T w a s n o t ed i n a st udy c ove r ing w o ld s i n Warw ick sh i re b u t w a s n o t r e cogn i sed a sp er t inen t t ot h e c oun ty b ecau se o fa n a sump t ion t h a ta rw ick sh i re ' s w o ld sw e re u p land s . 13 s l Wa

a l though o t he r e xamp le s o f s uch a r oad -name i n Wo r ce s t e r sh i re a nd O xf o rd sh i re h ave b een r e la t ed t o r e g iona l r a the r t h an l o ca l l i nk s . 17 D id t h e r o ad s c a l led W od ewe i i n Warw ick sh i re o nce l e ad t o l o ca l w ood land w h ich r ema ined a f t e r t h e n oun w a ld w a s r e p la ced b y w udu b u tw h ich d i sappea red af ew c en tur ie s l a te r? O ne o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w o ld s b e longed t o at own sh ip f o r w h ich t h e re i sn o r e co rd o f aw ood o r g rove i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod , b u t w he r e t h e l o rd o ft h e m ano r c o lec t ed l p annage f r om t h e t e nan t s . T he s um o fe i gh teen p ence w a s c o lec ted i nt h e m ano ro fC had shun t , b e long ing t ot h eb i shop l o f C oven t ry a nd L ichf ie ld , i n 1 305 -6 . 18 T h i s s um m igh t h ave b een r e nde red i n r e spec t o f a co rn s f r om o ak t r ee s t s c a t e red i nh edge s , o r e ven a few o dd t r ee s o n C had shun t Wo ld i t s e lf , b u t p annage i sa n a nc ien t c u s toma ry p aym en t w h ich i s l i ke ly t o r e f lec t at ime w hen t r ee s w e r e m o r e p l en t if u li nC had shun t . F igure 8 2 : K ine ton ' sw o ld

Wa s t h e d i sappea rance o ft r ee s f r om t h e w o ld s l i nked t ot h e f o rma t ion o fg rove s? A s g r az ing o rc l ea rance t h rea tened t h e t r ee s o f t h e w o ld s , d id l o rd s e nc lo se p or t ion s o f t h e

N one o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w o ld s a ppea r s t oh ave b een o n l ow g round , b u t s ome w e re n o t u p land a r ea s i n r e la t ion t o t h e s u round ing t e ra in . T he w o ld s o f S n i te rf i e ld , B udb rook e r r t a nd H a ton w e r e a n h ighe r g round b u t n o t d r ama t ica ly t l o l

w ood land a sg rove s? T he re i s no s t rong e v iden ce t os ugge s t t h a t t h i s w a s t h e o r ig in o f t h e g rove s o f s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw i ck sh i r e . N o g rove w ho se e xac t s i t e c an b e s ugge s ted a d jo in s ak nown w o ld . A l though g rove s a nd w o ld s c ou ld h ave c oex i s ted , t h ey a r e s e ldom f ound i n t h e s am e t t own sh ip s . U f ton a nd B udb rooke ( t he l a t e r n o r th -we s t o f t h e A von ) a r e e xcep t ion s . I n 1 590 t h e w o ld o fB udb rooke

s o . I t ch ing ton H o l t , K ing s ton H o l t a nd G aydon Wo ld s w e re s im i la r ly s i tua ted . O ne c ou ld g i ve t h e se p l ace s t h eb enef i to f t h e d oub t , a sw i th S ou tham H o l t , wh ich l i e s o n as ma lr i dge , l b u t t h e n ea rby L adb roke a nd N ap ton Ho i t s a r e r e la t ive ly l e ve l l a nd o ve r looked b y t h e s t eep N ap ton H i l t ot h e n o r th l

w a s i nt h e s am e a r ea a ss ome g rove s a nd n ea r t oG rove P a rk . T h e a b sen ce o fa ny o bv iou s r e la t ion sh ip b e tween w o ld s a nd

a nd t h e h i l s o f P r io r s Ma r s ton t o t h e e a s t . W ib tof t ' s w o ld l d oe s n o t s t and o u t f r om t h e s u round ing t e ra in . B y n o r r

g rove s m ean s t h a t i tw a s p os le t h a t t h ey r e p r e sen ted sib s epa ra t e t r ad i t ion s o f w ood land m anagem en t w h ich p r e d a ted t h e d i sappea rance o ft r ee s f r om t h ew o ld s .

s t re tch o ft h e i mag ina t ion c an K ine ton 's w o ld , b y t h e s i t e o f t h e b a t le o fE dge H i l ( c omm emo ra ted i nB a t le ton H o l t ) i n t l t t h e p l a in b e low t h e s t eep e s ca rpm en t o f E dge H i l , b e l d e sc r ibed a s u p land . O n p h i lo log ica l a nd t o pog raph ica l g round s t h e e v idence f o r K ine ton ' s w o ld h av ing b een w ood land a ts ome t im e i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p er iod i sv e ry s t rong . T he e v idence f o r t h e o r ig in s o f t h e o the r w o ld s i s i n conc lu s ive , b u t i tc e r ta in ly d oe s n o t a low t h em t o b e l d i sm is nque s t ion ing ly a s u p land p a s tu re w i th n o s ed u t r ad i t ion o ff o rme rw ood land .

Wood land d i sappea red f r om t h e w o ld s i n u nknown c i r cum s tan ce s . I t ha s b een s ugge s ted t h a t t h e S cand inav ian p l ace -nam e s c ha rac t e r i s t ic o f wo ld s i ns om e o t he r c oun t ie s " may r e p r e sen t n ew c o lon iza t ion b e tween t h e e nd o f t h e n in th c en tu ry a nd t h e e l even th " a compan ied b y " t he c d eve lopm en t o f am a tu re c o mmon -f i e ld s y s t em i nt h e v a le s " I n t h e n e ighbou r ing c oun ty o f b e low t h e w o ld s . 19 t N o r thamp ton sh i re t h e r e o rgan i sa t ion o f f i e ld s a tached t o t e v a r iou s s e t lem en t s s em s t o h ave s t a r ted i n t h e n i n th I ti st h e ref o re r e a sonab le t o s ugge s t a sim i la r c en tu ry . 120 c h rono logy f o r t h e d eve lopmen t o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s o pen

I f Wa rw ick sh i re 's m ino r p lace -nam e s o fw o ld a nd h o l t d a te f r om t h e c en tu r ie s b ef o re c . 800 t h ey a lmo s t c e r ta in ly m a rk t h e s i te s o f f o rme r w ood s . S uch w ood land mu s t h ave d i sappea red d u r ing t h ee a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod , a l though s om e o fi tm ay h ave r ema ined t ob e c a led w ood r a the r t h an w o ld . l T he re a r e r e co rd s o f l a te r m ed ieva l w ood land i n s eve ra l p l ace s w h ich a l so h ad w o ld s Ha ton , B udb rooke a nd t P a i l ton . 14

f i e ld s a nd f o r t h e t r an sf o rma t ion o f w ooded w o ld s. i n to s p sib w ood les a s tu re s . T he p os i l i ty o f al i nk b e tween t h e se sed i l c hange s i n r u ra l t o pog raphy i sd i scus n t h e f o low ing c hap t e r .

S ou tham h ad s i lva i n 1 086 a nd b o th a W a ldwe i

Warw ick sh i r e ' s l a te r m ed ieva l w o ld s a nd mode rn h o l t s a r e c r uc ia l t o t h e h i s tory o f e a r ly m ed ieva l w ood land i n t h e l c oun ty . P o t en t ia ly t h e n ame s a r e a so l d a st h e a dop t ion o f

a nd aW udewe ia tt h eb eg inn ing o ft h et h i r teen th c en tu ry . 15 T he re w e re s eve ra l o the r l a te r m ed ieva l w oodway s i np l ace s w i th n o k nown w ood land a t t h e t ime -Fa rnbo rough , l G randbo rough , H odne l , N ap ton , N ew ton a nd a l so C aw s ton

t h e O ld E ng l i sh l a nguage i n t h i s p a r t o f E ng land . T he e v id ence f o r t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l o r ig in s o f K ine ton ' s w o ld l a low s s im i la r o r ig in s t ob e p ropo sed f o r t h e o the r w o ld s . I f t h ey w e r e i n deed w ood land a t o ne s t age , t h ey p u t t h e t o pog raph ica l h i s to ry o fs ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re i n to a n ew p e r spec t ive .

a nd T hu r s la s ton i n C l if ton -on -Dun smo re , P r io r s Ma r s ton , l S huckbu rgh , W i loughby , Wo l fhampco te a nd W i thyb rook I th a s b een c l a im ed t ( t he l a t e r a l so h ad aw ou ld w eye ) . 16 l t h a t am ed ieva l W od ewe i l e d f r om t h e m ed ieva l v i lage o f t se t l S t re ton -on -Fos oa n a r ea c a led H u r s t Q ua r te r a nd mu s t t h e ref o re r e f e r t o a pe r iod when t h e H u r s t w a s w ood land , 1 60

l ' a i em s , . .w

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L a rge a st h e a c reage s o ft h e s w o ld s m ay b e , t h ey a r e l e s t h an t h e e s t ima ted t h ou sand s o fa c re s o fD om e sday t s i lva a tached t om any p l ace s i nn o r th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i r e . I t i s t h e ref o re r e a sonab le t o s ugge s t t h a t e ven i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p er iod s ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh i r e d id n o t h ave a s much w ood land a s a ppea r s t o h ave e x i s t ed e f u r the r n o r th a nd w e s t . I t s em s t h a t Wa rw ick sh i re 's w o ld s w e r e t h e s i t e s o f

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f o rme rw ood sw h ich w e r en o te x ten s ive o r c oncen t ra t ed e nough t og i ve t h e i rn am e t o ar e g ion l i k e t h e w o ld s o f L inco ln sh i re , Y o rk sh i re o rt h e C o t swo ld s . Wh i l s tn o to f s r e g iona li mpor tance t h ey w e re n on e the les l l o ca ly s i gn if i can t .

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T he e x i s t ence o f w o ld s i ss i gn if i can t n o t o n ly f o r t h e r eg ion s ou th o ft h e A von b u t a l so f o r t h e n o r th -ea s t o f t h e c oun ty , a n a r ea l a rge ly n eg lec t ed h i ther to i n t h i s t s t udy b ecau se t h e re i ss ol i t le e v id en ce o f w ood land t h e re i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l

F igure 8 4 : H op sf ord ' s W o ld a nd w e s t W o lvey

p e r iod . I tm ake s p l au s ib le t h e m ean ing o f 1 6 1

t h e p l ace -name Wo lvey , t h e e a r ly s p e l ing s o f w h ich a r e l t h ough t t o p erpe tua t e t h e O ld E ng l i sh w o rd s f o r " wo lf i s land " o r " wo lf e n c lo su r e" , n am e s wh ich h ave b een d e sc r ibed a s " s u rp r i s ing " i n v i ew o f t h e l a te r a b sence o f w ood land f r om t h e a r ea .1 2 3 T he w o ld s i n a nd a r ound

t h e A von , f o r t h e f o rme r r e g ion h ad f ewe r w ood s t h an t h e t l a te ri nt h e l a te rm ed ieva lp e r iod . T he m ino r n a tu re o fp l ace -name s w i th t h e e l emen t w o ld i n Warw ick sh i re m ay e xp la in w hy t h e i r t o pog raph ica l l s i gn if icance h a s n o t b een a pp rec ia ted f u ly h i ther to . S ome o t h e r O ld E ng l i sh w o rd s f o r w ood a r e a l so m a in ly c onf ined t om ino rp l ace -nam e si n Wa rw ick sh i re .

Wo lvey s ugge s t t h a t t h e re c ou ld h ave b een p l en ty o f w ood land p rov id ing s u i tab le h ab i ta t s f o r w o lve s . T he p o s i t ion o f t h e w o ld s o n t h e e a s t ern e dge o f Wo lvey a nd l l W i thyb rook a nd o ff i e ld s c a led h o l t i nW ib tof t a nd W i ley s ugge s t t h a t t h e se p l a ce s , t o ge the r w i th Monk s K i rby a nd C op s ton Magna , e ach h ad a p o r t ion o f as i ng le a r ea o f w ood land c en t red o n C loude s ley B u sh a nd c ove r ing s eve ra l h und red a c re s .

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F igure 8 5 : W o ld s i nW o lvey , W i thybrook , W ib tof ta nd W i l ley b een t r an s la ted a s w ood , b u t m ay b e b e t te r t r an s la t ed a s " l and o ve rg rown w i th b ru shwood , s c rub o n t h e e dge o f t 2 4 T he l a te r t r an s la t ion i mp l ie s s e conda ry f o re s t " .1 w ood land . S crub c ou ld h ave d eve loped i n to m a tu re

F u r the r w e s t , w o ld s i n t h e n o r th -we s ter n c or n e r o f W i thyb rook p a r i sh b e long ing t o t h e t own sh ip o f H op sf o rd a nd t h e n ea rby f i e ld c a l led A shu r s t i n Wo lvey p o in t t o a no the ra r ea o ff o rme rw ood land ( F ig . 8 4 ) . T he c hange f r om a coun try s ide w i th p l en ty o f w ood land t o o ne w h ich w a s c ha rac te r i sed b y o pen f i e ld s a nd p a s tu re w a s e ven mo re m a rked i nt h e n or th -ea s to ft h e c oun ty t h an s ou th a nd e a s t o f

l w ood land l o ng b ef o re w ood s c a led F r i th w e r e r e co rd ed i n t h e l a te rm ed ieva lp er iod . O ft h e e i gh te xamp le s o ft h en am e f ound i n Warw ick sh i re , t h o se i n K en i lwo r th a nd S h rew ley w e re c e r ta in ly w ood s ; p a r t o fC oombe A bbey ' s F r i th w a s a 2 5 T he re i so n ly amoder n r e co rd o f F r i th Wood i n w ood .1 1 62

l r e xcep t iona l , b u t t h a t o cca s iona ly s epa ra te a rangemen t s w e re m ade t om anage t h e g rove , w h ich t h en g ave i t sn ame t o r l as ub s id ia ry f a rm w i th in al a rge r t e r i to ry . T he a ppe la t ive t Woo ton m ay h ave as im i la r r e la t ion sh ip t oe a r ly m ed ieva l r t e r i tor ia lo rgan i sa t ion .

Am ing ton ( i n T amwo r th ) , a nd o n ly i n c iden ta l r e f e r ence s t o t h eF r i thbrok o nt h e b ounda r ie s o fC oundon a nd Whobe r ley , F r id i nT anwor th in -A rden , F yr the i nC ough ton a nd f r i th i n 2 6 F rom t h e i r n ame s , h oweve r , i t is r e a sonab le t o Wo lvey .1 p r e sume t h a tt h ey r e f er ow ood s , o rf o rme rw ood s , w i th a red t p r e -Conque s th i s tory .

w udu -" wood " -h a s b een d e sc r ibed a s " p robab ly t h e mo s t 3 4 s o l c o lou r les fO ld E ng l i sh t e rm s f o r ac o lec t ion o ft r ee S " .1 I th a s b een u s ed s o c ommon ly i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l a nd m oder np e r iod s t h a t o fi t s e lf i tg i ve s n o i n d ica t ion o ft h e a ge f o f aw ood . I t is d i f icu l t t os ugge s t , f o r e xamp le , w hen t h e W y ld ewod e w h ich g ave i t s n ame t o o ne o f S t ra tf o rd ' s t wo 5 l o s t i t s t r ee s . f i e ld s ( r eco rd ed i n as u rvey i n l 299 ) '3 P ackwood b ecam e am a jo rp l ace -name a nd i s al so u nu sua l i n 3 6 T h e n ea rby c omb in ing w ood w i th a p e r sona l n ame .1 K ing swood a nd B u shwood w e re p rope r n am e s u sed

T he r e s e em t oh ave b een f ew s haw s ( s ceaga -O ld E ng l i sh f o r ' sma l w ood ' ) i n Wa rw ick sh i re . T he m a jo r p l ace -name l 2 7 Wood s c a led W i shaw p robab ly m ean s w i low s haw .1 l l s haw i n c lud ed C lap shawe a nd D ernshawe i n D un ton i n C u rdwor th , l eS hawe i n Mon l c spa th , W is nN unea ton s hawe i 2 8 T he re w a s a fu r long a nd R oke s l ey schawe i n C o le sh i l .1 l ( c u l tura ) i n Wh i t ley b y Woo ton Wawen c a led l e t l 2 9 S chawe .1

t p r ima r i ly t o d e scr ibe w ood s r a the r t h an s e t lemen t s i n t h e s l a t e r m ed ieva l p er iod , a l though B u shwood i n c lud ed a sa r t s b y t h e e nd o ft h e t h i r teen th c en tury a nd c ou ld b e r e ga rded a s 3 7 K ing swood a nd o the r ap l ace -nam eb y t h en i fn o te a r l ie r .1 l w ood s o f t h e s ame n ame i n Wroxa l , T amwo r th a nd S t one le igh ( a nd f r om t h e s i x teen th c en tu ry t h e F r i th o f 3 8 K en i lwo r th )w e r ep r ima r i ly w ood s .1

H o l t t o i sr a re ly f ound . I to ccu r s i n t h e s c i r h o l t o f t h e o T eod ece s l e ag e c har te r , i nH a se lho l t i nP re s ton B ago t , a nd 3 0 I t s r a r i ty m ay b e a p os ly i n H o l t i n K ing sbury .1 sib c on sequence o fb o tan ica l f a c to r s ; Warw ick sh i re m ay h ave h ad m ixed d ec iduou s w ood sr a the rt h an w ood s d om ina ted b y as i ng le s p ec ie so ft r ee . I tc ou ld b e s ugge s ted t h a t t h e se w o rd s w e re s e ldom u sed b ecau se , o nce w o ld h ad f a len o u t o f u se , t h e w o rd s w ood l a nd g rove w e r e f ound mo re a pp ropr ia te t o d e sc r ibe

t t Woo ton Wawen , L eek Woo ton , Woodco t e a nd Wood lowe

g raf a nd G ra f ton , w udu a nd Woot t on

a r e i n dub i tab ly t h e n am e s o fp l ace s r a the r t h an o fw ood s . I n e a ch o ft h em w udu i st h e f i r s te l emen tr a the rt h an t h e l a s ta nd 3 9 T he p r e sence o f q ua l if i e s a no th e r t o pog raph ica l t e rm .1 l t t wo p l ace s c a led Woo ton i n ac oun ty w h ich i st h ough t t o h ave h ad m any w ood sr e qu i re s e xp lana t ion .

A s s hown i n C hap te r T h ree a nd A ppend ix 1 , m o s t l a te r m ed ieva lw ood land w a s c a led aw ood o r ag rove . H oweve r , l f ew w ood s a nd g rove s g ave t h e i r n ame s t o s e t lemen t s . I n t p a r t icu la rt h e se w o rd s a r er a re a st h e f i r s te l emen t i n ap l ace n am e . A p l ace -name w h ich i n c lude s g rove o r w ood

t T h e p l ace -nam e Woo ton c omb ine s t h e O ld E ng l i sh w udu , e a r l ie r w idu , w i th t u n , av ery c ommon p l ace -nam e e l emen t m ean ing v a r iou s ly " an e nc lo su re , f a rm s tead , e s ta te , l t 4 °o r as e t lemen t " i no pen c oun t ry " .1 4 1 T he f o rm i n v i lage "1 ring t t K ing l E the lba ld ' s c ha r te r o f 71 6 -37 r e f er o Woo ton

t h e ref o r e p o in t s t o s om e th ing v e ry d i s t inc t ive a bou t t h a t w ood land .

Wawen , U u idu tuun , s how s t h i s d er iva t ion c l ea r ly . 142 T he t c ompound o ccu r s i nt h i r ty th ree ma jo r s e t lemen t n ame s i n 4 3 b u t a s y e t n o s t udy o f t h em h a s b een E ng land ,1 4 4 T he t e n ta t ive t r an s la t ion " s e t t lem en t w h ich u nder taken .1 p e r f o rm s s om e f unc t ion i n r e la t ion t o aw ood " h a s b een f 4 5 o f e red a s ah ypo the s i s .1

Warw ick sh i r e ' sw ood land i nt h e e a r ly , a sw e l a si nt h e l a te r , l m ed ieva lp e r iod .

T he t h r ee c a se s o f G rave ( i n B udb rooke , C lop ton a nd H amp ton L ucy ) w e re d i scus nC hap t e r F ou r . T he r e i sa sed i s i ng le e xamp le o f G raf ton i n Wa rw ick sh i r e , i n t h e A von v a ley n o r th o ft h e r i ve r . O n ly r e cen t ly h a s i tb een a cep ted l c t h a t G raf ton m ay h ave i n c luded t h e O ld E ng l i sh w o rd f o r g rove , r a th e r t h an a no the r w o rd o f s im i la r s pe l ing b u t l 3 1 T he p l ace d i f e ren tp ronunc ia t ion m ean ing p i t o rt r ench .1 f n ame o ccu r s i n s eve ra l o t he r c oun t ie s , b u t i n n o c a se a r e t h e re mo re t h an t wo e xamp le s i n ac oun ty . I th a s b een t s ugge s ted t h a t " t he se s e t lemen t s d e r ived s pec ia l a dvan tage s 3 2 I n Wa rw ick sh i re t h e r e co rd o f ag rove f r om t h e g rove ." 1

T he re mu s t h ave b een s ome th ing n o tewor thy a bou t t h e t w ood ( s ) o f Woo ton t o p romp t t h e n am e . T he s ugge s t ion t l t t h a t s e t lem en t s c a led Woo ton " had a s p ec ia l f unc t ion i n 4 6 s e em s p l au s ib le b y r e la t ion t ot h e w ood a nd i t sp roduc t s "1 l ring t a na logy w i th o t he r a ppe la t ive s r e f er o t h e p ar t icu la r t f e a tu r e o rp roduc t o f ad ependen t s e t lemen t w i th in al a rge r e conom ic u n i t , s u ch a s B a r ton ( b a r ley , c or n o r d eme sne 4 7 o rH a rdw ick ( h e rd f a rm ) ,1 4 8 o r , a ss ugge s t ed a bove , f a rm )1 t G raf ton ( g rove f a rm ) . F o r e xamp le , t h e f ou r Woo ton s i n l S h rop sh i r e w e r e a l d ependen t t own sh ip s w i th in l a rge r l 4 9 a nd m igh th ave f u lf i led as p ec ia lf un c t ion w i th in p ar i sh e s1 r a ne a r ly m ed ieva lt e r i to ry .

i nS ho te ry o rH a se lo r i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd t h e t l a rge n umbe r o fg rove s k nown f r om l a te r m ed ieva l s ou r ce s i mp ly t h a t t h e p l ace -name w a s p romp ted b y mo r e t h an t h e m e re e x i s ten ce o f ag rove . N o r i sA rden ' s G raf ton u n ique i n t t h e a ppa r en tp rox im i ty o ft h e l a te rm ed ieva ls e t lem en tt ot h e 3 3 Mo reove r , t ou se s uch e v idence i s al so t o s i t e o f ag rove .1 sib t o ve r look t h e p os i l i ty o fs e t lem en t s h if t . At r an s la t ion o f

t t A t f i r s t s i gh t Woo ton Wawen a nd L eek Woo ton d o n o t f i t l t h e a na logy w i th t h e a ppe la t ive s B ar ton a nd H a rdw ick . T h ey w e r e q u i te t h e o ppo s i te o f m ino r , d ependen t t s e t lem en t s . E ach h ad a l a t e r m ed ieva l c hu r ch w i th 5 0 I nt h e n ume rou s d ependen t c hape l s s e rv ing o t he r p l ace s .1 c a se o f Woo ton Wawen c e r ta in ly , a nd i nt h e c a se o f L eek t

t " f a rm b y t h e g r ove " o r " g rove s e t lemen t " i st h e ref o r e n o t e n t i re ly s a t i sf ac tory . R a the r i tm igh tb e r e levan tt or e la te t h e r n ame t ot h e m anagemen t o ft h e t e r i tory t ow h ich t h e g rove b e longed . I tc ou ld b e s ugge s ted t h a t mo s t g rove s f o rm ed p a r t o f t h e d eme sne o r h ome f a rm , w he r e t h ey w e re n o t 1 63

Woo ton t

w a s

i tw ou ld h ave r e co rded a ny s im i la r l i nk s w i th t h e c hu r ch o f

e s tab l i shed i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod . Ac en t ra l r o le w a s af e a tu re o fa tl e a s t t h ree o t he r Woo ton s i nE ng land w h ich t 5 1 w e re t h e c en t re so fm ed ieva lh und r ed s .1

p robab ly ,

t h e

e cc le s ia s t ica l

i mpor tan ce

L eek Woo ton h ad s u ch l i nk s e x i s t ed . A p re -Conque s t t t e nu r ia l l i nk b e tween O p tone a nd S tone le igh i su nden iab le , b u t i tm ay n o t h ave b een a s o l d a s L eek Woo ton ' s o t he r t 6° T he D ome sday a ppa ren t e a r ly m ed ieva l c onnec t ion s .1

T he m in s te r c hu r ch a t Woo t ton Wawen s e r ved a l a rge p aroch ia w h ich i st hough t t oh ave b een a pp rox ima te ly c o e x t en s ive w i th t h e r eg io o f t h e S t opp inga s n am ed i nK ing i z E the lba ld ' s c ha r te r . T he n a tu r e o ft h i s r eg io , a nd o fm any r s im i la r t e r i to r ie s , h a s b een e xp lo r ed i nr e cen t s t ud ie s o ft h e r 5 2 T h e t e r i to r ie s h ave o r ig in s o f Ang lo -Saxon k ingdom s .1 b een d e f ined a s " d i s t inc t p o l i t ie s" o r " emb ryon ic k ingdom s " i nt h e f i f th a nd s i x th c en tu r ie s . When a ma lgama t ed i n to t h e

h und r ed o f S t one le igh m ay b e a n a gg lom e ra t ion o f v a r iou s e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i to r ie s , f o r i t i n c lude s p l ace s w h ich r b e longed o r ig ina ly t o o t he r t e r i to r ie s . F o r e xamp le , l r B i shop ' s I t ch ing ton , i n t h e e x t r eme s ou th o f t h e h und r ed , mu s t

h ave

b e longed ,

f r om

i t s

n ame ,

t o

t h e

s am e

a dm in i s t ra t ive u n i t a s L ong I t ch ing ton i n t h e h und red o f Ma r ton .

l a rge r Ang lo -Saxon k ingdom s , w h ich w e re t h e s ub jec t o f l h i s to r ica l r e co rd , t h ey b ecam e " t yp ica ly t h e l a nd u n i t s o n

T he p l ace -nam e s Woodco t e a nd Wood lowe a r e i mpo r tan t c l ue s t o t h e t e r i tor ia l a ff i l ia t ion s o f L eek Woo ton . L eek r t

w h ich m in s te rc hu rche sw e r es e tu p i nt h e s e ven th a nd e i gh th 5 3 C on sequen t ly , t h ey c an b e t r aced w h e r e l a te r c en tu r ie s " .1

Woo ton w a s b o rde red b y K en i lwo r th t ot h e n or th , A show t a nd M i lver ton ( i t s p re sumed d ependenc ie s ) t o t h e e a s t a nd

m ed ieva lp a roch ia l l i nk s s u rv ived . T he c oa le scence o ft h e se r e g ion s i n to s ma l k ingdom s p robab ly i n vo lved b o th l 5 4 B y t h e e a r ly e i gh th c en tu ry c onque s t a nd i n te rmar .1 riage t h e r eg io o ft h e S t opp inga s w a s p a r t o ft h e k ingdom o ft h e Hw icce , w ho se t e r i to ry i st h ough t t o h ave c o re sponded r r a pp rox ima t e ly t o t h e a r ea o f t h e m ed ieva l d i oce se o f

Wa rw ick t ot h e s ou th . Woodco te w a s d i v ided b e tween t h e e cc le s ia s t ica l p a r i she s o fL eek Woo ton a nd K en i lwo r th , b u t t t h i s d i v i s ion m ay h ave a ccompan ied t h e c r ea t ion o r e n la rgemen t o f t h e p a rk o f K en i lwor th a nd t h e ref o re h ave t a ken p l ace i nt h e t we lf th c en tu ry .1 6 1 T he p l ace -nam e c ou ld d eno t e ac o tage s e t lem en tw h ich w a sp a r to f Woo ton r a the r t t t t h an c o tage s w h ich w e r e a d jacen t t o aw ood . S im i la r ly , t h e t n am e Wood lowe m igh t r e f e r t o t h e b ar r t umu lu s o f row o

5 5 T he re w e re p robab ly s e ve ra l s t age s i n t h e Wo rce s te r .1 f o rma t ion o ft h ek ingdom .

6 2 Woo ton r a the r t h an t h e t umu lu s wh ich a d jo ined aw ood .1 t T he s e t lemen t o f Wood lowe , h oweve r , w a s i nt h e p a r i sh o f t S t . N icho la s , Wa rw ick , i mm ed ia te ly a d jacen tt o Woodco t e i n Woo ton . I ndeed , i th a s e ven b een c l a imed t h a t Wood lowe t

f T h i s p o l i t ica l c on tex t o f e r s a n e xp lana t ion f o r t h e s t a soc ia t ion o f t h e p l ace -nam e Woo ton w i th k nown o r red e r i n f er a r ly m ed ieva lt e r i tor ie s . D e ta i led s t udy o ft h e a r ea t t a r ound Woo ton Wawen s ugge s t s t h a t Woo ton , a l though i t w a s t h e s i te o ft h em in s te rc hu rch ,w a sn o tt h e a dm in i s t ra t ive 5 6 r c en t re o f t h i s o nce i n dependen t t e r i tory .1

6 3 We r e t h e s e t lem en t l a y i nb o th Woo ton a nd Wa rw ick .1 t t a nd t umu lu s n am ed m e re ly f r om t h e i rp rox im i ty t o Woo ton t o r w e re t h ey o nce p a r t o f Woo ton? Wa s Woo ton i t s e lf t t

T he s t a tu s o f

L eek Woo ton i nr e la t ion t oe a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i to r ie s i sf a r t r f r om c l ea r , b u t t h e re i se nough e v iden ce t o s ugge s t t h a t i t

o nce p a r to ft h e s ame t e r i tory a s Wa rw ick? r

t o , w i th i t s e cc le s ia s t ica l d ependenc ie s , o nce l a y w i th in a o l a rge rt e r i to ry . r

L eek Woo ton a nd Wa rw ick w e re i nt wo d i f e ren t d i oce se s . t f I th a s b een s ugge s ted t h a tt h i s n eed n o tb e as t rong a r gumen t 6 4 I th a sb een a ga in s ta n e a r ly t e r i to r ia l l i nk b e tween t h em .1 r r e cogn i sed t h a t e l sewhe re t h e d i oce san b ounda ry m ay n o t 6 5 F o r r ef l ec t t h e e xac t b ounda ry o ft h e Hw iccan k ingdom .1 e xamp le , t h e c hu rch o fA s ton i nt h e d i oce se o fC oven t ry a nd L ichf i e ld m ade p e r s i s ten t c l a im s o n Y a rd ley c hu rch i nt h e d i oce se a nd c oun ty o f Wo r ce s te r t ot h ep o in t w he r e i tc an b e c onc luded t h a t , a sY a rd ley w a s amano r o fP e r sho re A bbey i n t h e d i oce se o f Wo r ce s te r , e cc le s ia s t ica l i nf luence h ad d i ver ted t h e b ounda ry a tt h a t p o in t t ot a ke Y a rd ley i n to t h e 6 6 T he re i sn o e v idence o fc r os s-bo rde r Wo r ce s te r d i oce se .1 e cc le s ia s t ica l o rt e nu r ia ll i nk s i nt h e v i c in i ty o f Wa rw ick a nd

L eek Woo ton i st h ough t t ob e t h e O p tone w h ich i se n t e red t i n D om e sday B ook u nde r t h e l a nd o f t h e k ing a nd i mmed ia t e ly b ef o re K en i lwor th . O p tone h ad t wo p r ie s t s , w ho p re sumab ly m in i s te red t o al a rge p a r i sh .1 5 7 O p tone c on ta ined t h ree h ide s ; t h e D ome sday m ano r s w h ich i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod w e r e s e rved b y t h e c hape l s d ependen t o n L eek Woo ton c hu rch b rough t t h e t a xab le v a lue o f t h a t t 5 8 T h i s w a s a r ea t ot wen ty seven a nd ah a lf h ide s i n 1 086 .1 o n ly j u s t o ve r h a lf t h e h idage o ft h e p r e sumed r eg io a r ound Woo ton Wawen . Mo reove r , L eek Woo ton i t s e lf d i d n o t t t o ccupy ac en t ra lp o s i t ion i nr e la t ion t ot h ep l ace sw h ich w e re l i nked w i th i t .

L eek Woo t ton .

H oweve r , t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r r i tor ia l

a ff i l ia t ion s o f Warw ick a r e e ven mo r e o b scu re t h an t h o se o f L eek Woo ton . t

I n D om e sday B ook O p tone a nd K en i lwor th w e re d e sc r ibed a s m embe r s o f t h e k ing ' s m ano r o f S t one le igh . I tc ou ld t h e ref o re b e s ugge s ted t h a t t h e a r ea w h ich w a s e cc le s ia s t ica ly d ependen t o n L eek Woo ton c hu r ch w a s a l t s ubd iv i s ion o f a l a rge r t e r i tory b a sed o n S t one le igh . r S t one le igh w a s ar oya l m ano r b ef o re 1 066 a nd t h e c en t re o f t h e D om esday , a nd l a te r m ed ieva l , h und r ed o f t h a t n ame . H oweve r , t h e r e w a s n o e cc le s ia s t ica l l i nk b e tween t S t one le igh a nd L eek Woo ton i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod . T he c a r tu la ry o f K en i lwor th P r iory r e co rded l i nk s b e tween S t one le igh c hu rch , w h ich w a sa pp rop r ia ted t ot h eP r io ry , a nd 5 9 s op re sumab ly c hape l s i nB ag in ton a nd N ewnham R eg i s ,1 1 64

I t is u nce r ta in w he the r Warw ick ' s i n i t ia l i mpo r tance d e r ived s o le ly f r om t h e e s tab l i shm en t t h e re o f af o r t if i ed b urh i nt h e e a r ly t e n th c en tu ry , p re sumab ly " t o c on t ro l t h e n or th -ea s te rn g a teway i n to t h e Hw iccan p rov ince " , o r w he the r Wa rw ick h ad a ne a r l ie rh i s to ry a s ar oya l a dm in i s t ra t ive c en t r e w i th i t s 6 7 I f Wa rw ick w e re t h e a dm in i s t ra t ive o wn m in s te r c hu rch .1 c en t re o f a n i n dependen t t e r i to ry i n t h e s i x th o r s even th r c en tu ry , i t sg eog raph ica lp o s i t ion o nt h e e dge o ft h a tt e r i tory r w ou ld h ave b een u nu sua l . I t a l so s e em s ar ema rkab le c o inc idence t h a t t wo p l ace s , b o th w i th i mpor tan t c hu r che s r a nd b o th o n t h e e dge s o f t h e i r p re sum ed t e r i tor ie s r a the r

A von a t t h e t ime w hen t h o se n ame s w e r e f o rmed . T he s i tua t ion i nt h e l a t e rm ed ieva lp er iod , w hen l a rge p ar t s o ft h i s r e g ion h ad o n ly s ma l w ood s o r g rove s o rn o w ood s a ta , l l c anno t b e p ro jec t ed b ack t o , s ay , t h e e i gh th c en tu ry . T he e v id ence f o r t h i s h i ther to u n su spec ted a nd w ide sp read d i s t r ibu t ion o f w ood land i so f f undam en ta l i mpor tan ce f o r t h eh i s to ry o ft h et o pog raphy o ft h er eg ion .

t h an i n t h e c en t re o f t h em , w e r e i mmed ia te ly o ppo s i te t o s t e a ch o the ra c ros h e d i oce san b ounda ry . T h i sj ux tapo s i t ion t a nd t h e l o ca t ion o f Wood lowe s ugge s t t h a t L eek Woo ton m ay h ave b een as ub s id ia ry p a r t o fa n e a r ly m ed ieva l r eg io w h ich i n c luded Wa rw ick . T h i s c onc lu s ion l e ave st wo q ue s t ion s u nan swe red . Wha tw a s t s o s pec ia l a bou tt h e w ood s o f Woo ton t op romp t t h e u se o f t h e n am e i n t h e se t wo p l ace s a nd n owhe re e l se i n Warw ick sh i r e? Why w e re b o th p l ace s t h e s i t e s o fi mpo r tan t c hu rche s?

Wo rd s w h ich c e r ta in ly d e sc r ibe w ood land -f r i th , s haw a nd h o l t - t e nd t o b e c oncen t ra ted i n n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e . T he p l ace -name e l em en t l e ah , t h ough i t s p r ec i se s i gn if i cance i s u nce r ta in , i s n one the les o b e s t a soc ia ted w i th w ood land . T oge the r w i th t h e p l ace -nam e s Woo ton a nd t h e c ha r te r e v idence f o r w ood s i n Woo ton t t Wawen a nd N u thu r s t , t h e e v idence o f p l ace -nam e s d oe s s ugge s tt h a tt h e r e g ion w a s a tl e a s tp a r t ia ly w ooded a nd t h a t l i th ad mo re w ood land t h an t h e r eg ion w h ich b ecam e t h e

t T he r e la t ive a moun t s o f w ood land i nL eek Woo ton a nd i n r o t he r p lace s i nt h e s u round ing a r ea i n , s a y , t h e s i x th a nd t s e ven th c en tu r ie s a r e u nknown . Woo ton Wawen d oe s n o t e s em t oh ave h ad at o pog raphy w h ich w a s s i gn if ican t ly mo re w ood ed t h an mo s t o t he r p l ace s i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l r t e r i to ry . T he c ha r te r o f 7 16 -37 r e f e r s t o h i gh w ood s ( s a l t ibu s ) , b u t a l so t of i e ld s a nd m eadow s ; t h e a r ea w a s n o t e xc lu s ive ly , p e rhap s n o t e ven p redom inan t ly , w ood land . I n 1 086 p l ace so u t s ide t h e a r ea wh ich i s th ough tt oe qua t e t ot h e f t wen ty h ide s c onveyed b y t h e c ha r te r , s u ch a s O f o rd a nd l C lave rdon , h ad p l en ty o fs i lva . I t m ay b e t h a t p l ace s c a led t Woo ton e xp lo i ted w ood land f o r mo re t h an l o ca l u se , w i th ring t t h e w o rd w udu o r w idu r e f er o t h e p roduc t o f w ood s r a the rt h an t ot h e w ood st h em se lve s .

s ou th a nd e a s to ft h ec oun ty . T he re i so t he r e v idence w h ich h a s b een u s ed t o a r gue t h a t w ood land w a s p r e sen t i nl a rge q uan t i t ie s n or th o f Woo ton t Wawen i n c on t ra s t t o p l ace s w i th l i t le o r n o w ood land t f u r the r s ou th . T h i s e v iden ce r e qu i re s c r i t ica l e xam ina t ion , n o t o n ly b ecau se t h e a r gum en t o ve r look s t h e e v idence f o r s om e w ood land s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e A von b u t a l so b ecau se i t d oe s n o t t a ke a coun t o f r e cen t t h ink ing a bou t t h e c f o rma t ion o fA ng lo -Saxon k i ngdom s .

sion a T h i s d i scus bou t t h e s i gn if i cance o f w udu a s ap l ace n ame e l emen ti si n conc lu s ive . I tf a i l st ot h row much l i gh to n t h e n a tu re o rd i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod .

I t ha s b een c l a im ed t h a t " ab l ock o fw ood land s i tua t ed n ea r 9 r e semb led t h e h eadwa te r s o ft h e r i ve r s A row a nd A lne " I6 r t r ac t s o fw ood land a nd p a s tu r e e l sewh e r e i nE ng land w h ich w e r e o r ig ina ly u s ed f o r c ommuna l , s e a sona l g r az ing b y t h e l i n hab i tan t s o f a l a rge t e r i tory b u t w e re " g radua ly r l a pp rop r ia ted t o r e g ion s , t h en p a r t icu la r i n d iv idua l 7° T h i s c l a im i sb a sed o n k nown t e nu r ia l a nd s e t lem en t s " .1 t

T he d i s tr ibu t ion o fw ood land T he d i s t r ibu t ion o f p l ace -nam e e l emen t s d eno t ing , o r s a soc ia ted w i th , w ood land , h a s l o ng b een u sed a s e v idence 8 o ft h ep re sen ce o fw ood land i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva lp er iod . I6 S uch n ame s g i ve n o i nd ica t ion o ft h e s i ze o ft h e w ood s t o w h ich t h ey r e f er . Mo reove r , t h e w o rd s w ood a nd g rove red h ave b een i na ppa ren t ly c on t inuou s u se s i nce t h e a dop t ion o f t h e O ld E ng l i sh l a nguage a nd t h e ref o re m a sk t h e h i s to ry o f w ood s t ow h ich t h ey b ecame a tached . T h i s s t udy h a s a l so t s ugge s ted t h a t l e ah w a s c ha rac te r i s t ic o f r e t rea t ing o r e nc roach ing w ood land a nd t h a t i t s a b sence f r om t h e

e cc le s ia s t ica l l i nk s b e tween p l ace s i n t h e A row a nd A lne r w a te r shed a nd p l ace s s ou th o ft h e A von . T he f o rm e r w e re i n va r iab ly d ependen t i ns ome w ay o n t h e l a t e r . T he c hu rch t o f T anwo r th in -A rden w a s a c hape l o f B ra i le s c hu rch t wen ty -f ive m i le s t ot h e s ou th -ea s t .1 7 I B u shwood w a s p a r t o f t h e p ar i sh , a nd m ano r , o f S t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon . I7 2 P ackwood c hape l w a s d ependen t o n t h e c hu rch o f 3 T he H und red R o l s o f 1 279 s t a ted t h a t t h e Wa spe r ton . I7 l t e nan t s o f We le sbou rne h ad c ommon i n K ing swood l 7 4 I t ha s i n vo lv ing c ar t load s o fw ood , p annage a nd p a s tu re .1 b een a sumed t h a tN u thu r s tw a s l i nked t oS ho t ery a nd A r ley s t 5 T h e e xp l ic i t r e co rd t oL ong I t ch ing ton i nt h e s am e w ay . I7 o f We le sbou rne ' s t e nan t s ' c ommon r i gh t s i nK ing swood , t h e l

n omenc la tu r e o f a par t icu la r l o ca l i ty may i n d ica te t h a t t h e a moun t o fw ood land i nt h a t a r ea r ema ined s t ab le d u r ing t h e p e r iod when l e ah w a s u sed i np l ace -name s . T hu s t h e m any n ame s i n c lud ing l e ah i n n or th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i re , i n b o th m a jo r a nd m ino r p l ace -name s , may i n d ica te p l en ty o f

n ame K ing swood a nd t h e n ame s o ft h ree o ft h e o t he r p l ace s i n vo lved , P ackwood , B u shwood a nd Nu thu r s t , t o ge the r w i th

w ood s b u t d o n o t i nd ica te h ow l a rge , o r s ma l , t h e w ood s l w e r e . Wh i l s t m ino r p l ace -name s i n s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e r e vea l u n su spec ted e a r ly m ed ieva l w ood land t h ey t oo f a i l t oq uan t if y i t . Al e ah b y at e n -ac re w ood m ay b e p a r t o f av ery d i f e ren t c oun t ry s ide f r om o ne i nw h ich a f l e ah w a sa soc ia ted w i th ah und red -ac re w ood . s D e sp i t e t h e se r e serva t ion s , p l ace -name s p rov ide i mpo r tan t e v idence f o rt h ed i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land i n Wa rw ick sh i r e i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod . T h e n umbe r s o f m ino r p l ace n ame s wh ich i n c lude t h e e l emen t s l e ah , h ur s t a nd w a ld a nd t h e ma jo r p l ace -nam e D as t s ugge s t t h a t t h e re w e re se t s i gn if i can t q uan t i t ie s o fw ood land s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e r i ve r

t h e t r ad i t ion o fd ependen ce , c e r ta in ly s ugge s t t h a t t h e l i nk s i n vo lved t h e e xp lo i ta t ion o fw ood land r e sou r ce s b y p l ace s t o t h e s ou th . T he l i nk s h ave b een t hough t t o p r e -da t e t h e N o rman C onque s t . I ndeed , t h e g ran t o f N u thu r s t t o t h e c hu r ch o f Wo rce s te r w a s r e co rded c . 700 . H oweve r , t h e s t a tu s o f Nu thu r s t d oe s n o t s uppor t t h e t h eo ry t h a t i tw a s s epa ra ted b y t h e g r an t f r om ab l ock o f c ommon w ood land w h ich h ad o r ig ina ly b een u sed f o r t r an shumance b y t h e l p eop le o ft h e Hw icce . T h i s t h eo ry i sb a sed o n a n e xp l ic i t a sump t ion t h a t e ach o f s t h e k nown l i nk s w a s b e tween p l ace s i n t h e s am e A ng lo -

1 65

S axon k ingdom . I th a s e ven b een s t a ted t h a t n one o f t h e l i nk s c r os h e d i oce san b ounda ry , w h ich i sp re sumed t o sed t r e p r e sen t t h e b ounda ry o f t h e k ingdom o f t h e Hw icce .

8 1 d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood p a s tu re .1

T he re d oe s n o ta ppea rt ob e

a ny r e a son t o d i sbe l ieve t h e e v idence f o r as ub s tan t ia l a moun to fw ood land i nt h e a r ea n o r th o f Woo t ton Wawen , a t l e a s t f r om t h e e nd o f t h e s even th c en tury . T he e v idence s ugge s t s t h a t t h e t r ad i t iona l t o pog raph ica l d i v i s ion b e tween

H oweve r , t h ey d id c r os na tl e a s t t wo c a se s . S ho tery w a s s i t i n t h e d i oce se o f Wo r ce s te r , b u t N u thu r s t c hape l w a s d ependen t o n t h e c hu rch o f H amp ton in -A rden , w h ich w a s 7 6 A n a temp t h a s i nt h e d i oce se o fC oven t ry a nd L ichf ie ld .1 t b een m ade t oe xp la in a way t h e d i sc r epan cy a s al a te rt r an sf e r t oH amp ton in -A rden f r om af r agmen t ing l a nd u n i tb a sed o n

A rden a nd F e ldon p re -da te s t h eN o rman C onque s t . A rden ,F e ldon a nd Wood land

7 7 T he o ppo s i te i se qua l ly p os sib le , i fn o t mo re t S ho te ry .1 l i ke ly . N u thu r s t c ou ld h ave b een d e tached f r om at e r r i to ry

T he t o pog raph ica l d i s t inc t ion b e tween A rden a nd F e ldon i sa c ommonp lace i n mod er nh i s to r ica l a nd g eog raph ica l s t ud ie s o f Wa rw ick sh i re . A b road d i s t in c t ion h a s b een d r awn b e tween t h e w ood ed r e g ion o ft h e A rden i nt h e n o r th o ft h e c oun ty a nd t h e v i r tua l ly w ood les s F e ldon i n t h e s ou th .1 8 2 T he se r e g iona l n ame s h ave n o t b een u sed i n t h i s s t udy

b a sed o n H amp ton in -A rden a s ag i f t t o t h e c hu rch o f Wo rce s te r . T he f a c t t h a t P ackwood , w h ich w a s n o t m en t ioned i nt h e T axa t io E cc le s ia s t ica o f 1 291 , w a s a l so i n 7 8 h a s b een t h e d i oce se o f C oven t ry a nd L ichf i e ld i n 1 535 1 o ve r looked .

h i the r to , b ecau se a spec t s o f t h e e a r ly moder n c oun t ry s ide w h ich h ave b een a s soc ia ted w i th t h em m ay o b scu r e t h e

G iven t h et h eory t h a tt h ek ingdom o ft h e Hw icce w a sf o rm ed r b y t h e a cc re t ion o f f o rm e r ly i ndependen t t e r i to r ie s i ti s sib f p os le t o f o rmu la te q u i te ad i f e ren t t h eory f o r t h e l i nk s . A s t h e Hw iccan k ingdom e xpanded f r om i t s a ppa ren t ly r o r ig ina l c en t r e a r ound W inchcombe t h e t e r i to r ie s o n i t s

e v idence f o r t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd b ecau se t h e i r b ounda r ie s a r e u nknown . H oweve r , t h ey s hou ld b e sion o c on s ide red i na ny d i scus f r e g iona l t o pog raphy i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p er iod , b ecau se F e ldon i sa n O ld E ng l i sh w o rd a nd A rden m ay b e e ven o l de r a nd o f p r e -Eng l i sh

n or th er ne dge w ou ld h ave b een t h e l a s tt ob e a cqu i r ed . Any a r ea o fc ommon w ood land o n t h a t b oundary c ou ld n o t h ave b een p ar to ft h eo r ig ina lk i ngdom .

o r ig in .

B y t h e e nd o f t h e s even th c en tu ry t h e k ingdom w a s a 7 9 T he Hw iccan r oya l d yna s ty s em s t o e p rov ince o f Me rc ia .1 h ave a cep ted i t s d emo t ion , p re sumab ly a s t h e p r ice o f a c c on t inu ing , a l be i t s ub serv ien t , r o le . I tc ou ld b e s ugge s ted t h a t t h e k ing s o f Me rc ia u sed g r an t s o f l a nd t o e n cou rage

s uch a cqu ie scence a mong s t t h e Hw iccan p r ince s , t h e Hw iccan c hu rch a nd t h e Hw iccan n ob i l i ty . T h i s l a nd n eed

T he e v idence f o r t h e e x i s tence a nd p a r t ia l e x ten t o f t h e se r e g ion s c om e s m a in ly f r om l a te rm ed ieva l a nd e a r ly m oder n s ou rce s , b u t i s a r guab ly a r ef l ec t ion o f ap r e -Conque s t d i s t inc t ion w h ich p e r s i s ted i n to t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod . T he l a te r m ed ieva l e v idence i sn o t p l en t if u l . I ti sl a rge ly i n t h e f o rm o f p l ace -nam e s a nd r oad -name s . O n t h e a s sump t ion t h a t l a t e rr e co rd s m a in ta ined m ed ieva lt r ad i t ion s , t h e l a te r m ed ieva l e v iden ce m ay b e a mp l if i ed b y r e f e r ence s

n o t h ave b een w i th in t h e Hw iccan k ingdom . I n t h e se c i r cum s tance s P ackwood c ou ld h ave b een g i ven t o a p rom inen t Hw iccan l a yman w h i l s t Nu thu r s tw a s g i ven t ot h e c hu rch o f Wo rce s te r . Whe the r T anwo r th , K ing swood a nd B u shwood w e re w i th in t h e Hw iccan b o rde r o r n o t i s u n ce r ta in ; i ti st h eo re t ica ly p os le t h a t i n t h e se p l ace s l sib e x i s t ing e cc le s ia s t ica l l i nk s w e re b roken a nd an ew l i nk w i th t h e d i oce se o f Wo rce s te rf o rmed . Y a rd ley i n Wo r ce s te r sh i r e h a s a l ready b een c i ted a sa n e xamp le o ft h e i n f luence o ft h e

i ns om e s i x t een th -cen tu ry s u rvey s a nd b y t h e c ommen t s i n t o pog raph ica la nd h i s to r ica l a ccoun t s o f Warw ick sh i r e w h ich w e re w r i ten i nt h e s i x teen th a nd s even teen th c en tu r ie s . B y t c omb in ing t h e e v idence f r om t h e se s ou rce s a few r e g iona l b ounda ry p o in t sc an b el o ca ted f a i r ly p rec i se ly . T rave l l ing t h rough Wa rw ick sh i re b e tween c . 1535 a nd 1 543 1 8 3 J ohn L e land l e ar n ed " t ha tt h e mo s tp a r te o ft h e s h i re o f Wa rw ike , t h a tl y e th a sA von r i ve r d e scend i the o nt h er i gh t h and o rr ype o fi t ,i si nA rden ( f o r s oe i sa un c ien t n ame o f

c hu r che s i n t h a t d i oce se i n t r y ing t o b reak e a r l ie r e cc le s ia s t ica l l i nk s a nd f o rm n ew o ne s . As t udy o fh und red s i n t h e d i oce se o f Wo rce s t e r h a s c onc luded t h a t t h i s w a s a 8° T he l i nk " common o ccur " i n t h e w e s t m id land s .1 rence b e tween L ong I t ch ing ton a nd A r ley , t hough n o tf ound i na ny s ur v iv ing r e co rd b ef o re 1 00 1 , m ay h ave f o lowed as im i la r l p roces fp o l i t ica l a gg rand izemen t i nn or th Wa rw ick sh i re ; s o a s a l ready n o ted i n t h e d i scus bou t e a r ly m ed ieva l sion a c ha r t e r s , t h e r e i s v e ry l i t le i n f o rma t ion a bou t t h e a r ea t c ove red b y t h e d i oce se o f C oven t ry a nd L ichf i e ld i n c ompa r i son w i th t h a to ft h e d i oce se o f Wo rce s t e r . Wh i l s t t h e r e i s n o e v idence t o s uppor t t h e t h eo ry t h a t N u thu r s t , K ing swood , B u shwood , P ackwood a nd T anwo r th h ad b een p a r to f aw ood w h ich w a s c ommon t ot h ep eop le o f

t h a t p a r te c e r ta in ly , s t eep .1 8 5 H amp ton

8 4 A rden i sp robab ly , t h ough n o t o f t h e s h i re ) " .1 d e r ived f r om ap r e -Eng l i sh w o rd m ean ing h i gh o r I n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod i tw a s s uff ixed t o l t ( by S o l ihu l ) , H en ley ( by Woo ton Wawen ) ,

l i n Mor ton ( Bago t ) , C o le sh i l , S tone le igh , D un ton . ( C u rdwo r th ) , a nd We s ton ( i nB u lk ing ton ) . 1 86 T he r e a r e af ew r e f e rence s t o A rden a s ad i s t r ic t i ndependen t ly o f p l ace n am e s , s u ch a st h a ti nS tone le igh c . 1290 .1 8 7 C u s toma ry l a nd m ea su r e s o f A rden w e r e u sed i n S o l ihu l l a nd C h i lve r s 8 8 T he c hu rch o f A rden , m en t ioned i n 130 , i s C o ton .1 t h ough t t o h ave b een t h e c hu rch o f C o le sh i l l i n t h e 8 9 Two d ocumen t s e cc le s ia s t ica l d eane ry o f A rden .1 9° a soc ia te Y a rd ley i n Wo r ce s te r sh i re w i th A rden .1 s T he g eog raph ica l d i s t r ibu t ion o f t h e se r e f e rence s i s l c ompa t ib le w i th t h e i n f o rma t ion c o lec t ed b y J ohn L e land a nd s how s t h a t t h e A rden e x tended o ve r much o f t h e a r ea n o r th a nd w e s t o f t h e r i ve r A von . H oweve r , t h e r e i sn o t e nough e v idence f o r t h e r e g ion ' s e xac t b ounda ry t o b e

t h e k i ngdom o ft h e Hw icce , t h e re i sn o r e a son t od i spu te t h e s ugge s t ion t h a t t r an shumance , t h e movemen t o f l i ve s tock f r om o ne r e g ion t o a no the r , w a s p rac t i sed b y l a ymen o r c hu r che s w ho h e ld , o rh ad a cces o , l a nd i nn or th a nd w e s t s t Warw ick sh i r e o r t h a t t h i s p rac t ice w a s l i nked t o t h e

d educed . 1 66

I te x t ended a t l e a s t a s f a r a s t h e r i ve r A von a t

S t on e le igh , b u t f u r the r w e s t i ti s no t c e r ta in w he the r Mor ton

Wood land w a s ar e g iona l n ame i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd , u n l ike A rden , w a s u sed i n s om e s i x t een th -cen tu ry m ano r ia l s u rvey s . I n t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry a nd l a te r t wo p l ace s i n Wa rw ick sh i re w e re g i ven t h e s uff ix Wood land ,

B ago t a nd H en ley in -A rden m a rked t h e s ou the rnmo s t l im i t . C on sequen t ly i ti s n o t p os le t o s ay w he the r t h e e a r ly sib m ed ieva l t e r i to ry o f Woo ton Wawen w a s w ho ly o r o n ly r t l p a r t ly w i th in t h et o pog raph ica lr e g ion o ft h eA rden .

H a ton i n l e W od e land i n 1 272 ( a l so i n o t he r t h i r t een th t c en tury d eed s a nd i n 1 324 , 1 411 a nd 1 457 )2 0 6 a nd P re s ton 0 7 I n as u rvey m ad e i n W ode land ( P re s ton B ago t ) i n 1 311 .2 i n 1 547 A the r s tone b y Mance t e r w a s d e scr ibed a s s t and ing t

T he c o mmon a soc ia t ion o f A rden w i th l a rge a r ea s o f s w ood land m ay r e f lec t l a te r m ed ieva l e v id en ce . A t ap opu la r l e ve l i th a sb een a t r ibu ted t ot h ep oe tM ichae l D ray ton , w ho t w a s b o rn i n Wa rw ick sh i re a nd w ho i n1 6 12 d e sc r ibed A rden a s af o r es t w h ich h ad o nce s t re t ched f r om t h e r i ve r T ren t t o 9 1 T he p opu la r v i ew m ay a l so b e t h e r i ve r S eve rn .1 t a t r ibu tab le t ot h e i mag ina ry F o r e s t o fA rden m ade f amou s b y S hake spea re 's ' A s Y ou L ike I t ' . I n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod p eop le d i d n o t u se t h e p h ra se F o r e s t o fA rd en , e ven ring t w hen r e f er o t h e c u s tom o f A rden i n r e la t ion t o 9 2 H i s to r ian s w ho a r e s en s i t ive t o t h e t r ue w ood land .1 m ean ing o f' f o re s t ' i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod h ave r e f er red 9 3 f o low ing m ed ieva l a nd s i x teen th s imp ly t o t h e A rden ,1 l a nd s even t een th -cen tu ry u sage . R eg re tab ly , i nv i ew o fb o th t t h e m ed ieva l a nd moder n m ean ing s o f t h e w o rd , n o t a l l 9 4 E ven w hen om i t ing t h e s cho la r s h ave b een s o c a ref u l .1 t

" i nt h e g r ea t e h ye w ay c a led Wa t l ing s t r e te o n t h e b o rde r o f l t t h e f e lden C oun t rey j oyn ing t o t h e Wood lannde " .208 I n a s u rvey o f c . 1545 K en i lwo r th w a s d e sc r ibed a s " i n t h e w oodd land c oun t r ee " . 2°9 I n 1 590 a d e ta i led s u rvey o f red t l B udb rooke r e f er o " t he Q ueene s h i gh w aye c a led Mu sewa ie l e ad ing f r om B a rf o rd i n to t h e w ood land " a nd " t he Q ueene s h i gh w aye l e ad ing f r om H amp ton i n to t h e 1 ° I ti mp l ied t h a t b o th B a rf o rd a nd H amp ton w ood land " .2 o n the -H i l ( i n B udb rooke p ar i sh ) w e re o u t s ide t h e l Wood land . A s H a ton , t h e a d jo in ing p a r i sh t ot h e w e s t , w a s t i n t h e Wood land , t h e b ounda ry o f t h e Wood land c an b e l o ca ted f a i r ly p rec i se ly a tt h i sp o in t . I n C hap te r Two i t wa s e xp la ined t h a t i nt h e l a te r s i x teen th

w o rd f o r e s t , s om e h ave a sumed t h a t t h e A rden w a s s 9 5 o r ig ina ly t h en ame o fa na r ea o fw ood land .1 l

c en tu ry s ome w r i te r s u sed t h e t e rm w ood land t or e f e r t o a h edged c oun t ry s ide w h ich h ad much w ood b u tm ay h ave h ad f ew w ood s . L a t e r m ed ieva l r e co rd s s how t h a t t h e g r ea te r

F r equen t u s e o f t h e t e rm F o re s t o f A rden h a s h e lped t o p e rpe tua te t h em i s taken b e l ief t h a tt h e r e g ion w a s av a s tt r ac t o fl a rge ly u n in ter ted w ood land . T he r e i s as i ng le k nown rup m ed ieva l r e f e r ence t o af o re s t o f mo r e p robab ly i n A rden .1 9 6 I th a s b een c l a imed t h a t t h i s r e f e rence s uppo r t s 9 7 H oweve r , i t is t h e p opu la r v i ew o ft h e m ed ieva l f o re s t .1

p ar t s o f n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e h ad b o th . C amden 1 1 T he re i sn o t a n a soc ia ted t h e Wood land w i th w ood s .2 s o bv iou s c on t ra s t , a tm any c en tur ie s d i s tance a nd w i th s pa r se d ocumen ta t ion , b e tween t h e l a te r m ed ieva l t o pog raphy o f t f B udb rooke a nd H a ton , b u t t h e re a r e m a rked d i f e rence s , i n t e rm s o ft h en umbe ro fw ood s ,b e tween p l ace s t ot h e n or th o f t h e se t wo p a r i she s o n t h e o ne s i de a nd p l ace s t ot h e s ou th o n t h e o t he r .

o bv iou s f r om t h e c on t ex t t h a t w hen , i n 148 , R obe r t , e a r l F er r s , g ave Me reva le A bbey h i s w ho le f o re s t o f A rden re 9 8 h e mu s t h ave b een ( t o tam f ore s tam m eam d e A rd ena )1 c onvey ing ar e la t ive ly s ma l p r iva te c ha se i nt h e v i c in i ty o f l Me reva le . T h e p h ra se d e A rdena d i s t ingu i shed t h e l o ca t ion o ft h e c ha se f r om t h e e a r l 's l a nd s b eyond t h e A rden , s uch a s t h e m ano r o f O r ton -on the -H i l i n L e ice s t e r sh i re , a l so l 9 9 a nd l a te r c a l led g r an t ed t o Me reva le A bbey i n 148 ,1 O r ton s ub tu s A rdern . m T he e a r l ' s f o re s t p robab ly r e semb led t h e p r iva t e f o re s t w h ich G eof frey d e C l in ton w a s p e rm i t ted t oe s tab l i sh i nK en i lwo r th . 2°1

F e ldon , u n l ike A rden a nd Wood land , w a s n o t u sed i np l ace n ame s . J ohn L e land d oe s n o t s e em t oh ave b een a wa re o fi t a s al o ca l n ame . H oweve r , i ta ppea red i n t h e s i x teen th c en tu ry s u rvey s o f A the r s tone -w he re i ta pp l ied t o s ou th w e s t L e ice s te r sh i re -a nd K en i lwor th , w h ich l a y w i th in t h r ee 2 12 T oday i ti s u sed b y m i le s o f t h e " f e lden C oun t re ". h i s to r ian s a nd h i s tor ica l g eog raphe r s t o d e sc r ibe Wa rw ick sh i re s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e r i ve rA von , a l though i ti s 1 3 a ccep ted t h a tt h e a r ea h a sn eve rb een d e f ined p rec i se ly .2

T he w o rd A rd en w a s u sed a s a di s t r ic t -nam e , w i thou t a ny s p ec ia l c onno ta t ion w i th w ood land . Mo reove r , t h e r e i s e v idence t h a ti tw a s n o tu sed t od eno te w ood land i nt h e l a t e r m ed ieva lp er iod . C on t empo ra r ie sw ho w e r ec on sc iou s o ft h e w ooded n a tu re o f p a r t s o f c oun ty u sed t h e v e ry w o rd w ood land a s ar e g iona ln ame . C amden , i nh i sB r i tann ia , a nd l S i r W i l iam D ugda le , w r i t ing h a lf a c en tu ry l a t e r , u sed i t i n s tead o f A rden . 2°2 I n t h e p r ef ace t o T he A n t iqu i t ie s o f l W arw ick sh i r e S i r W i l iam e xp la ined t h a t t h e r i ve r A von d i v ided " t he Wood land ( f o r s o t h a t p a r t o ft h e C oun t ie l y ing l amden s t a t ed N or th t h e reof i s ca led ) f r om t h e F e ldon " . 2°3 C 4 t h a tt h eA von " do th a f t e r as or ts eve r o ne f r om t h e o t he r ." 2° S i rW i l iam u sed t h e n ame a l so i nh i s m a in t e x t , f r om w h ich l w e l e ar n t h a t t h e Wood land e x tended f r om j u s t n or th o f Wa rw ick t o t h e e nv i ron s o f T amwo r th , a nd i n c luded l t s p ec i f ica ly H amp ton in -A rden , A the r s tone b y Mance te r a nd A s t ley . 2°5

F e ldon i sd e r ived f r om t h e O ld E ng l i sh f e ld , i n t e rp re ted a s ' o pen c oun t ry ' i nc on t ra s tw i th w ood land , h i l l s o rm a r sh . F o r re mo s t o ft h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod f e ld w a s u sed i spec t ive o f c u l t iva t ion a nd a ppa ren t ly d id n o t a cqu i r e t h e moder n s en se o ff i e ld u n t i l t h e t e n th c en tu ry . I t ha s b een s ugge s t ed t h a t i n s e t t lemen t n ame s i tp robab ly m ean s ' o pen l a nd 1 4 T he d i s t r ic t n ame F e ldon p rev iou s ly u sed f o r p a s tu r e ' .2 m ay b e a cor t ion o f t h e d a t ive p lu ra lf e ldum , i n w h ich rup 1 5 H oweve r , i ti si na c a se i tw ou ld m ean ' a tt h e o pen l a nd s ' .2 d i f e ren t f o rm t h a t i ti sf ound i n a n e a r ly m ed ieva l c ha r t e r f a nd s ome l a te rm ed ieva ld eed s .

T he e l em en t f e lden( e ) o r f i ldene a ppea red i n v a r iou s sing p Warw ick sh i r e r oad -nam e s a nd c r os o in t s i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod . I ti st h ough t t o b e a n O ld E ng l i sh w o rd l m ean ing ' o f t h e d we le r s i n o pen c oun t ry ' r a the r t h an a n t a d jec t ive o f l a te r o r ig in d e scr ib ing l a nd a tached t o a 1 6 Ac ha r te rd a t ing f r om 1 0 16 r e f er t red p ar t icu la rs e t lemen t .2 1 67

o t f o rm e r l oked t o t h e l a t e r a s a n i mpor tan t p l ace . T h e s a soc ia t ion o f F e ldon a nd r oad s i s n o t u n iqu e t o Wa rw ick sh i re . F o r e xamp le , t h e re w a s af i ld ene s t re t i n

t o af e ldene s t rae to nt h eb ounda ry o fB i shop ton , at own sh ip w i th in t h e p a r i sh o f S t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon . T he s t ree t i s t h ough t t oh ave b ecom e t h e mode rn A 34 ( now d e mo ted t o

B engewor th o n t h e e a s ter n s i de o f E ve sham i n 3 5 T h e re w e r e a F i ldenewey a nd a Wo rce s t e r sh i re .2 3 6 H oweve r , F i ld enbr ige i n O ld Wa rdon i n B edf o rd sh i re .2 t h e F i ld enewoda o f B roadf ie ld i n H er tf o rd sh i re s how s t h a t f e ld w a su sed i no the rt y pe s o fc ompound .2 3 7 I t s s u r v iva l a s ad i s t r ic t n ame a ppea r s t ob e e xc lu s ive t o Wa rw ick sh i r e a nd p robab ly o we s much t o t h e c on t inu ing i n t e re s t o f t o pog raphe r s a nd h i s to r ian s i nt h e r e g iona l c on t ra s t s i nt h e

1 7 T ha t r oad p as s t h rough S t ra t f o rd a nd t h e A 3400 ) .2 se a c ros h e r i ve r i n to s ou th Warw ick sh i re . T he f i ldene s t re te s t

w h ich w a sm en t ioned i n at h i r teen th -cen tury d eed r e la t ing t o 1 8 a nd t h e r oad c a led F e ldon E d s tone i n Woo ton Wawen 2 t l 1 9 w e re p re sumab ly t h e s am er oad ; w ay i nW i lmco t ei n1 464 2 t h e f o rme rA 34 p as s t h rough b o th p l ace s . T h i s r oad -nam e se w a s o bv iou s ly w e l -e s tab l i shed b yt h e e a r ly e l even th c en tu ry l a nd a ppea r s t o h ave b een o f r e g iona l r a the r t h an l o ca l s i gn if i can ce .

c oun ty . T he F e ldon s em s t o h ave b een i n t h e v e ry s ou th o f t h e e

O the r e xamp le s o ff i ldene c an a l b e l i nked t o t h ree o t he r l l o ng -d i s tance r ou t e s , t wo o f wh ich l e d f r om n or th t o s ou th Wa rw ick sh i re a nd t h et h i rd o fw h ich , l i ke t h e F e ldenbr igg o f e di n to L e ice s te r sh i re . A the r s tone , 2 °l

c oun ty , r ough ly c or spond ing t ot h a t p a r t s ou th a nd e a s t o f re t h e A von w h ich w a s i n t h e d i oce se o f Wo rce s te r a nd t h e r ef o r e p r e sumab ly i n t h e k ingdom o f t h e Hw icce . I t

T he f i ldenef ord o fP in ley n ea r R ow ing ton 21 w a s n ea r t h e t l s ou th -we s t p a r t o f H a ton , whe re a r oad c a led v a r iou s ly 22 was V i ld eneweye , N e theref i ldeneway a nd l ef i ld enewey 2

m igh t b e s ugge s ted t h a t i t wa s t h e n am e o f a no the r A ng lo S axon r eg io , l i ke t h e S t opp inga s , b u t t h e f r equen cy o f F e ldon e l sewhe re i nt h e m id land s a r gue s a ga in s t i t su se a sa r d i s t in c t ive n ame f o r ap o l i t ica l t e r i to ry . I t is mo r e l i ke ly t o

r e co rded i nt h i r teen th -cen tu ry d eed s . T he re w a s aV i ld ene W ey o r aF y ld enewey i nS he rbou rne . 23 T he c ou r se o ft h i s t r oad a ppea r s t o h ave b een e a s twa rd s t h rough H a ton a nd G rove P a rk i nB udb rooke . ( A m ap o f 1 721 , d rawn b ef o re t h e e n la rgemen t o f t h e p a rk t o i t s moder n e x ten t , s how s

l h ave b een ap u re ly t o pog raph ica l t e rm . T he h i l s a r ound t h e e dge o f t h e Warw ick sh i r e F e ldon , a l so w i th in i t( a s a t

G rove P a rk L ane r unn ing e a s t f r om Nun O ld C o rnmon 24 , a f t e r w h ich i t tur n ed s ou thwa rd s t or un t h rough t h e e a s t er n s t s i de o f S he rbour n e p ar i sh a c ros h e A von t o b ecom e t h e moder n A 429 t h rough B a rf o rd . ) A ppa ren t ly n e i the r

c on t ex t s f o rt h e f o rma t ion o ft h e n am e .

W inder ton i nB ra i le s ) , a nd t h e p re sence o fw ood land i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod , t o ge the r w i th s ome m ino r n am e s l p d e r ived f r om w a ld , a rov ide s u i tab le t o pog raph ica l

B udb rook e n o r S h e rbou rne w a s i n t h e F e ldon , a s t h e r oad sed t h ad n o tr e ached i t sd e s t ina t ion w hen i tp as h rough t h em . Y e t w e k now f r om t h e s i x teen th -cen tury s u rvey o f B udb rook e t h a t B udb rooke w a s n o t i nt h e Wood land e i the r . T h i se v id ence s ugge s t st h a tt h e re w e re p a r t s o f Wa rw ick sh i r e w h ich w e re n e i the r A rden n o r Wood land n o r F e ldon . T he c on c lu s ion i sr e inf o r ced b yt h e c ou r se o ft h e o t he rr ou te s . ay h ave b een t h e A no the r F i ld enef ord , i n S tone le igh , 25 m l s t a r t ing p o in t f o r ar ou te wh ich w a s c a led L ef i ldenewey i n B ubbenha l 1 , 26 f i ld enewey i nC ubb ing ton , 27 a nd f i ld enewey i n L ong I t ch ing ton . 28 T he c ou r se o f t h i s r oad i s v e ry s i gn if i can t f o r t h e r e g iona l d i v i s ion s o f Wa rw ick sh i r e . I t s ugge s t s t h a t as i zeab le p ar t o f t h e s ou th o f t h e c oun ty , a t l e a s ta sf a ra sL ong I t ch ing ton , w a sn o ti nt h e F e ldon .

I n s umma ry , F e ldon m ay b e u sed a s e v id en ce o f o pen c oun t ry , A rden o f h i gh g round a nd Wood land a s s e lf e xp lana tory . T hey d i dn o tc ove rt h e w ho le o f Wa rw ick sh i re . T he A von w a s c er ta in ly n o tt h e b ounda ry b e tween t h em . O f t h e t h r ee r e g iona l n ame s , o n ly t h e A rd en c an b e p r e sum ed t o h ave b een i n u se t h roughou t t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod . F e ldon m ay n o t h ave c om e i n to u se b ef o r e , s a y , t h e s e ven th o re i gh th c en tu r ie s o re ven l a t e r . Wood land m ay h ave b een a dop ted a s ar eg iona ln ame o n ly i nt h e l a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod . T he se n ame s t h e ref o re d o n o t p rov ide e v id ence o f t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod . T h e i r s a soc ia t ion w i th t h e p r e sen ce o ra b sence o fw ood land i nt h e l e a r ly moder np e r iod i sp o ten t ia ly m i s lead ing . I nc on t ra s t , t h e b ounda r ie s o fp a r i she s a nd t own sh ip s , r a the r t h an o fr e g ion s , may b e v ery s i gn if i can t i nt h e i r r e la t ion sh ip w i th w ood land .

e T he n o r th -ea s ter n c or n e r o f t h e c oun ty a l so s em s t o h ave b een o u t s id e t h e F e ldon . l e F i ldeneweye i n R y ton i n

I n tercommon ing i nw ood s

ay h ave b een t h e r oad w h ich r an t h rough B u lk ing ton 29 m 3 ° Wo lvey a s t h e F i ldenewey i n to L e ice s te r sh i r e .2 F i e ldenway w a s r e co rded a s af i e ld -name o n a n e s ta t e m ap 3 1 Af e ldenewey r an f o r Wo lvey i n 1 794 ( s ee F ig . 8 4 ) .2

T he l o ca t ion o f m any o f Warw ick sh i r e 's w ood s o n t h e b ounda r ie s o f p a r i she s o r t own sh ip s i sa ppa ren t f r om l a te r m ed ieva l r e co rd s . I n s ome c a se s aw ood i ns u ch ap o s i t ion

t h rough B i l ton a nd T of ti n Dunchu rch .2 3 2 Ar o ad c a l led F i ld ene s t re te 2 3 3 w a s r e co rded i nt h e t h i r teen th 3 4 c en tu ry i nA l spa th ( i n Me r iden ) a nd e a r l ie ra s fi ld ene s t re t .2 I t s c ou r se i s unknown , b u t i tm igh t h ave b ecome t h e moder n A 45 t h rough C oven t ry , a no the rl ong -d i s tance r ou te . T he d i cho tomy b e tween t h e u se o fA rden a nd Wood land i n p l a ce -name s a nd t h e u se o f F e ldon i n r oad -nam e s a nd sing p c r os o in t s i ss t r ik ing . I ti mp l ie s t h a t p eop le i n t h e

c an b e s hown t oh ave a d jo ined t h e w ood o fa no the rp a r i sh o r t own sh ip . T he re w e r e s ome n o tab l e c oncen t ra t ion s o f a d jo in ing w ood s , s uch a st h o se o nt h eb ounda r ie s o fH on i l ey , l l K en i lwor th , B a l sa l , H a se ley a nd Wroxa l , o f R ow ing ton , l B adde s ley C l in ton a nd Wroxa l , o fK ing sbu ry , F rea s ley a nd B adde s ley E n so r , a nd o fB in ley , B randon a nd B r ink low . I n s uch c a se s i t w a s n o t u nu sua l , i n n or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re , f o r t h e t e nan t s o f t wo a d jo in ing p a r i sh e s t o e n joy c ommon r i gh t s i n b o th w ood s . T h e w ood s , a l be i t s ha r ed , w e r e d i s t inc t .

1 68

mu s t p r e -da t e 1 086 , w hen S tone le igh a nd K en i lwor th w e r e

E xamp le s o f i n te rcommon ing i n w ood s h ave b een f ound b e tween R ow ing ton a nd S h rew ley , P ack ing ton a nd K inwa l sey , F r ea s ley i n P o le swor th a nd K ing sbu ry , C a s t le B romw ich i nA s ton a nd Y a rd ley i n Wo rce s te r sh i re , W idney

h e ld b y t h e k i ng a nd B e rk swe l b y t h e C oun t o f Meu lan .2 l 4 3 c T he re a r e n o k nown e c le s ia s t ica l l i nk s t o i n d ica te e a r l ie r t e nu r ia l l i nk s . I ndeed , a s h a s a l ready b een p o in ted o u t , l t B e rk swe ls e em st oh ave b een a tached t oH amp ton in -A rden r a the r t h an t o S ton e le igh . I t m ay b e s i gn if i can t t h a t l B e rk swe l ' s t e nan t s ' c o mmon r i gh t s w e r e c onfmed t o a p a r t icu la r w ood w i th in S tone le igh a nd d i d n o t e x tend t o o t he r c ommon w ood s i n t h a t p a r i sh . P e rhap s t h ey d a t ed t f r om ap er iod b ef o re , a s s ugge s ted a bove , A rme le , C ra t e le l a nd D o le b ecame w ood s .

l i n S o l ihu l a nd K now le , S tone le igh a nd K en i lwor th , l K en i lwor th a nd A show , A lne a nd K inwa r ton , A le s ley a nd C oven t ry , S t one le igh a nd p a r t s o f C oven t ry ( a l though h e r e t h e w ood s w e re n o t o bv iou s ly c on t iguou s b y t h e l a te r 1 l m ed ieva l p e r iod ) , B a l sa 1 a nd B e rk swe l , R udf en i n l K en i lwo r th a nd B e rk swe l , We s twood i n S t one le igh a nd l l t B e rk swe l , S perna l a nd L i t le A lne i nA s ton C an t low , a nd 3 8 l S perna la nd Mor ton B ago t .2

l sed Mor ton B ago t ' s i n t e rcommon ing i nS pe rna l 's w ood s c r os r t t h e b ounda ry o f t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i tory o f Woo ton Wawen . I n t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry R ober t B agod , l o rd o f

When , a nd i nw ha t c i r cum s tance s , t h e se l i nk s w e r e f o rm ed , i s po ten t ia ly c r uc ia l t ot h e h i s tory o fw ood land i nt h e e a r ly l m ed ieva lp e r iod . I n te r co rnmon ing c ou ld h ave b een aw ay o f a vo id ing t h e l a bou r o fc r ea t ing a nd m a in ta in ing s t ock -p roof b ounda r ie s b e tween a d jacen t w ood s , a l though s u ch b ounda r ie s w ou ld h ave b een n eces ry b e tween t h e w ood s sa a nd a d jo in ing a r ab le l a nd , a nd a l so w i th in t h e w ood s t o p ro tec tt h e r e g row th o fa ny u nderwood f r om g r az ing . I tc an a l so b e s ugge s ted t h a t i n te rcommon ing a r o se w hen t wo s e t lem en t s w h ich w e re d i sc r e te e n t i t ie s c ame u nde r j o in t t l o rd sh ip . A l te rna t ive ly , t h e c u s tom m ay h ave o r ig ina t ed a ta t ime w hen t h e w ood s w e re as i ng le w ood s e rv ing m o r e t h an o ne s e t lem en tw i th in al a rge rt e r i tory a nd m ay h ave b een s o t r

r sa Mor ton B ago t , s u r ende red t o J ohn D urvas l , l o rd o f l l S perna l , h i s c ommon r i gh t s i nt h e w ood o fS perna l . I nt h e a g r eem en t n o r e f e rence w a s m ade t o a ny c ommon r i gh t s 4 4 I t cou ld t h e ref o re b e s ugge s t ed t h a t e xe rc i sed b y t e nan t s .2 t h e c ommon r i gh t s a r o se f r om ap e r iod o fc o mmon l o rd sh ip . l D om e sday B ook r e co rded t h a t Mor ton a nd S pe rna l , a l be i t f l u nde r d i f e r en t o ve r lo rd s , w e re e ach h e ld b y s om eone c a led 4 5 a r guab ly t h e s ame p e r son . H ugh , o r ap r edeces r so H ugh ,2 o r s u cces r i n t h e l o rd sh ip , c ou ld h ave i n t roduced t h e so p r ac t ice f o r h i s o wn a n ima l s . H oweve r , t h i s a r gumen t l o se s

s t rong a nd s o h i gh ly v a lued t h a t i tw a s m a in ta in ed e ven w hen t h e t e r i tory w a s f r agmen ted a nd t h e w ood d i v ided r b e tween t h e c on s t i tuen t s e t lemen t s . I t c ou ld a l so b e t s ugge s ted t h a t t h e c u s tom o fi n te rcommoni ng p r e -da t ed t h e f o rma t ion o fw ood land a nd t h a t t h e w ood s i nw h ich i tw a s

f o r ce i n t h e f a ce o f t wo o t he r d eed s w h ich t e s t if y t o t h e r s u r ende r o f c ommon r i gh t s i n t h e w ood s a nd l a nd s o f l l S pe rna lb yJ ohn o fG reenh i l( i n Mo r ton B ago t ) a nd T homa s 2 46 T he se w e re t R uf u s o f L i t le A lne ( i n A s ton C an t low ). p r e sumab ly f r eeho ld t e nan t s . Mo reove r , A s ton C an t low w a s n o ti nt h e s ame l o rd sh ip a sS pe rna l i n1 086 .2 4 7 N o r i s th e r e l a ny s ugge s t ion o f e cc le s ia s t ica l l i nk s b e tween S pe rna l a nd l Mor ton B ago t .

p r ac t i sed w e r e s e conda ry w ood s w h ich h ad d eve loped o n a r ea s o f c ommon p a s tu r e a t at im e w hen t h ey w e r e g r azed s l e s i n t en s ive ly t h an b ef o re . I n s om e o f t h e c a se s c i ted a bove , t h e i n te rcommon ing i s m a tched b y a dm in i s t ra t ive l i nk s w h ich a r e a r guab ly e a r ly m ed ieva l i n o r ig in . I n C hap te r O ne i tw a s e xp la ined t h a t c e c le s ia s t ica l p a r i sh b ounda r ie s a r e t h ough t t o p e rpe tua te e a r ly m ed ieva l l a nd u n i t s . A s n o ted e a r l ie r i nt h i s c hap t e r , Y a rd ley w a sp a r to fA s ton p a r i sh . K en i lwo r th w a s am embe r 3 9 K inwa l sey w a s a l o f S tone le igh , A le s ley o f C oven t ry .2 d e tached p a r t o f t h e p a r i sh o f H amp ton in -A rden , b e ing d i v ided f r om i tb y G rea t P ack ing ton , w ho se c hu r ch w a s c l a im ed a s ac hape l o fB ickenh i l c hu r ch .2 4 ° T he p a r i sh o f l H amp ton in -A rden a l so i n c luded B a l sa 1a nd N u thu r s t , a nd a t 1 4 1 o ne s t age H amp ton 's c hu r ch c l a imed A l spa th c hu r ch .2 B a l sa 1 ' s p o s i t ion b e tween B e rk swe l a nd B e rk swe l ' s 1 l l

I tc ou ld t h e r ef o re b e s ugge s ted t h a t t h e i n te rcommon ing l b e tween t h e w ood s o f Mor ton B ago t a nd S pe rna l p r e -da t ed r t t h e f o rma t ion o f t h e t e r i tory o f Woo ton Wawen . T ha t r r t e r i to ry i st h ough t t o h ave b een p a r t o f al a rge r t e r i to ry w h ich i n c luded A lce s te r i nt h e R omano -Br i t i sh p e r iod a nd 4 8 T he t wo r e l ic t r o ad sib p os ly f o r s ome t im e a f terwa rd s .2 a nd f i e ld b oundary s y s tem s i d en t if i ed i nt h e Woo ton Wawen t a r ea e x tended b eyond t h e p re sum ed e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i to ry . r T he l a t e ro ft h e t wo r o ad s y s tem s w a s s or e gu la r i ni t sl a you t a st ob e a r guab ly p a r t o fp l anned , p ub l ic d eve lopmen t d u r ing t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod ; s u ch d eve lopmen t mu s t h ave 2 49 r t a ken p l a ce o ve r au n if i ed t e r i to ry . T h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod a nd t h e c en tu r ie s i mm ed ia te ly f o low ing i tf o rm p l au s ib le c on tex t s f o r t h e e xe rc i se o f l i n t e rcommon ing b e tween Mor ton B ago t a nd S pe rna l . l Whe the r t h e i n te r common ing t ok p l a ce o ve r l a nd w h ich o w a s a tt h a t t im e w ooded i sa no the r m a t e r . A s s ugge s ted t a bove , i tc anno t b e a sum ed t h a t t h e w ood s o ve r w h ich s

c hape l ry o f B a r s ton s ugge s t s t h a t B e rk swe l a nd B a r s ton l w e re a l so p a r t o f a n e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i to ry w i th i t s r a dm in i s t ra t ive c en t re a t H amp ton in -A rden .2 4 2 T h e se r e la t ion sh ip s s ugge s t t h a t i n o the r c a se s i n te rcommon ing m ay b e ap o in te r t of o rme r a dm in i s t ra t ive l i nk s o fw h ich n o o t h e rt r a ce r ema in s .

c ommon r i gh t s w e re e xe rc i sed i nt h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod h ad a lway s b een w ood land . T hey m igh t h ave b een

H oweve r , s om e o f t h e l i nk s c r os nown e a r ly m ed ieva l sed k t e r i tor ia l b ounda r ie s . T he re w a s i n te rcommoni ng n o t o n ly r b e tween B e rk swe l a nd B a l sa 1 b u t a l so b e tween B e rk swe l l 1 l a nd We s twood i n S t one le igh ( bu t n o t i n t h e r e s t o f S t one le igh ' s c ommon w ood s ) a nd b e tween B e rk swe l a nd l R udf en i nK en i lwor th . A ny t e nu r ia l l i nk b e tween B e rk swe l l o n t h e o ne h and a nd S t one le igh a nd K en i lwor th o nt h e o t he r

s e conda ry w ood land w h ich w a s f o rm ed a f te r t h e R omano B r i t i sh p er iod , p e rhap s o n a r ea s a l ready u sed a s c ommon p a s tu r e .

1 69

P r imary a nd s e condary w ood land :

t he f i f th a nd s i x th

O ak ley m ay h ave b een t h e n am e o f a n a r ea o f s e conda ry sib w ood land ,p os ly o ne a d jacen tt oa no l de rw ood .

I n s om e o t he r p a r t s o f E ng land a r chxo logy h a s p rov ided

w i th in aw ood o r o n t h e e dge o f aw ood w ho se e x t en t h ad

I f , a sa r gued i nt h i s c hap te r , f i e ld -name s i n c lud ing t h e w o rd w o ld o rh o l t i nd ica te s i te s o fw ood land w h ich l o s t i t s t r ee s d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , t h ey p r e serve t h e s i t e s o f c e a r ly m ed ieva l w ood s w i thou t l a te r a c re t ion s . T h e r ef o re t a ny r e co rd s o fp re -m ed ieva lc u l t iva t ion o rs e t lemen to n s u ch s i t e s w ou ld s ugge s t t h a t t h e w o ld s w e re , i n p ar t a t l e a s t , s e conda ry w ood land . T he s i t e s o f w o ld s i n Warw ick sh i r e

a l te red o ve rt h ec en tu r ie s .2 5 1

sib w h ich i th a s b een p os le t oi d en t if y f r om l a te r f i e ld -name s

c en tur ie s

e v idence t h a t c e r ta in a r ea s o f l a te r m ed ieva l w ood land h ad b een d en se ly s e t led i nt h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod a nd w e re t 5 ° H oweve r , w he r e t h e ref o r e l a rge ly s e conda ry w ood land .2 t h e a r ch z eo log ica l e v id en ce i s o f s c a t e red , p os ly t sib i ndu s t r ia l , s e t lem en t , i tm ay p o in t t o e conom ic a c t iv i ty t

a r e , w i th o ne e xcep t ion , f r ee o fa ny k nown e v idence o fp r e t m ed ieva l c u l t iva t ion o rs e t lemen t . H oweve r , t h e re h a s b een

I n Warw ick sh i re a r cheo log ica l i n ve s t iga t ion h a s c oncen t ra ted v e ry much o n k nown o r i n f er e d R om a n o r

n o l a rge sca le f i e ld s u rvey i n Wa rw ick sh i re a nd t h e l o ca t ion row o o fa n a ppa r en t B ronze A ge b ar n t h e e dge o fI c h ing ton H o l t b y t h e b ounda ry w i th K ing ton i n C he s ter ton d oe s s ugge s t t h a t a tl e a s t p a r t o fI t ch ing ton ' s w o ld w a s s e conda ry

B r i t i sh h ab i ta t ion s i te s , e spec ia ly t own s , a nd o n r e scue l e xcava t ion s . T he re h a s b een r e la t ive ly l i t le o f t h e t s y s tema t ic f i e ld s u rvey w h ich h a s b een u nde r taken i no t he r

Warw ick sh i r e ' s m ed ieva l w ood land o ve r lay R omano -B r i t i sh t s e t lem en t s o r f i e ld s , b ecau se m ed ieva l r e co rd s r a re ly g i ve

5 8 F i e ld s u rvey s o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w ood land .2 r s, t c u ren t ly u nde r g r as o e s tab l i sh w he the r c u l t iva ted d u r ing t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod o r l c en tu r ie s i mm ed ia te ly f o low ing , c ou ld s i gn if ican t ly t o t h e d eba t e a bou t t h e e x ten t

p rec i se i n f o rma t ion a bou t t h e e xac t l o ca t ion a nd e x ten t o f m ed ieva l w ood s . Med ieva l w ood b ank s a r e n o t a re l iab le

s e conda ry w ood land d eve loped b e tween t h e R omano -Br i t i sh 5 9 a nd e a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod s .2

c oun t ie s , s uch a sN or thamp ton sh i re , o r e ven a tp a r i sh l e ve l , 5 2 E ven u s ing f i e ld s u rvey a sa tH anbury i n Wo rce s te r sh i re .2 t e chn ique s , i t w ou ld b e d i ff i cu l t t o s how t h a t a ny o f

s s ub s t i tu te , b ecau se s uch b ank s w e re a soc ia t ed w i th c opp ice w ood s o r c opp ice c ompa r tmen t s w i th in w ood p a s tu re , a nd

w o ld s n o t t h ey w e re d u r ing t h e c on t r ibu te t o w h ich

T opog raph ica l a na ly s i s i nr e la t ion t o f i e ld s i nt h e Woo ton t Wawen a r ea w i lb e d i scus n mo r e d e ta i l i nt h e f o low ing l sed i l

l c anno t b e ag u ide t ot h e f u l e x ten t o fw ood p a s tu re b ef o r e c l ea rance o r e n copp ic ing . Mo reove r , w hen a w ood w a s c onve r ted t oa r ab le o rp a s tu re a ny b ounda ry b ank c ou ld h ave l s b een l e ve led . I t ce r ta in ly c anno t b e a sumed t h a t t h e e a r ly mod e rn b ounda r ie s o f w ood s e qua t e t o t h o se i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod ; s eve ra l o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s e x tan t w ood s

c hap t e r , b u t a l so p rov ide s ac on t ex t f o r t h e h i s to ry o f Warw ick sh i re 's w ood s . T he t e chn ique h a s b een u sed t o s how t h e s u rv iva l o fp r e -m ed ieva l r e c t i l inea r f r amewo rk s o f r oad s a nd b ounda r ie s o ve r t h e g r ea t e r p a r t o f t h e a r ea , l e ad ing t ot h e c onc lu s ion t h a t much o ft h e l a nd h a s b een i n mo r e o r l e s c on t inuou s a g r icu l tu ra l u se s i nce a t l e a s t t h e s 6 ° I n t h e se c i rcum s tan ce s t h e r e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod .2

w h ich a r e t h ough t t o h ave e x i s ted i n t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod r i n c lude a r ea s o f r i dge a nd f u row d eno t ing f o rme r a r ab l e l and .2 53

A rchxo log ica l i n ve s t iga t ion i n G las se Wood , i n t h e s hou p a r i sh o fA show , h a s s hown i tt ob e s e conda ry w ood land . I t c on ta in s t h e s i t e o f aR omano -Br i t i sh d we l ing a nd a l so o f l a ppa ren t R omano -Br i t i sh f i e ld s . T he d we l ing i st h ough t t o l h ave b een d e ser ted t owa rd s t h e e nd o f t h e R omano -B r i t i sh e p e r iod a nd t h e a d jo in ing l a nd s em s t o h ave b ecom e 5 4 G las se Wood w a s k nown a s s hou w ood land t h e r eaf te r .2 5 5 T he n ame s ugge s t s t h a t aw ood C ooke s g rove i n 1 597 .2 h ad e x i s t ed i nt h e m ed ieva lp e r iod , t hough n o tn eces r i ly o f sa t h e s ame s i ze a si n 15 97 . T he re w a s c e r ta in ly w ood land i n t h e v i c in i ty i nt h el a te rm ed ieva lp e r iod ( s ee C hap t e rT h ree ) .

c ou ld n o t h ave b een g r ea t , u nd iv ided t r ac t s o f w ood land . H oweve r , t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s d oe s n o t s how w he the r t h e p ocke t s o f l a nd i n w h ich n e i the r o f t h e t wo p r e -m ed ieva l f i e ld s y s t em s o f t h e a r ea h a s b een t r aced w e re w ood land , moo r o r p a s tu re , l e ave a l one w he the r a ny w ood land w a s p r ima ry o r s e conda ry . I ti sp os le t h a t p r ima ry w ood land sib d i d s u rv ive i n p a r t s , b u t e qua ly p os le t h a t t h e f i e ld l sib y s tem s w e r e d i s rup ted b y t h e d eve lopmen t o f s e conda ry s w ood land a f te r t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod . I n a nd a r ound S perna l P a rk a nd Mor ton C ommon ( t he p r e sumed a r ea o f l l a te r m ed ieva l w ood land ) t h e R oman f i e ld s y s tem s h ave i n deed b een i n ter t ed , b u tw he the rb y s e conda ry w ood land rup o ro t he r p o s t -Roman d eve lopmen t s , i s unknown . Mo r eove r , ac omb ina t ion o f t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s a nd d ocum en ta ry e v iden ce f o r o ne p a r t o f t h i s a r ea o pen s u p t h e p os i l i ty sib t h a t p r e -m ed ieva l f i e ld b ounda r ie s c ou ld h ave s u rv ived t h e g row th o f s e conda ry w ood s . T h i s p o ss ib i l i ty h a s b een d i scoun t ed q u i t e r e cen t ly , o n t h e b a s i s t h a t mo s t f i e ld 6 1 T he e xamp le b ounda r ie s w e re p robab ly w i thou t d i t ch e s .2 d i scus e low q ue s t ion s t h a ta sump t ion . s ed b s

O ak ley Wood , s ou th o f Wa rw ick i n t h e p a r i sh o f B i shop ' s T achb rook , i n c lude s , w i th in t h e wood b ank , e a r thwo rk s t l w h ich h ave b een a t r ibu ted t o a n I r on A ge h i lf o r t , b u t t h i s i d en t if i ca t ion h a s b een d i spu ted a nd t h e n a tu re o f t h e 5 6 A t h i r teen th -cen tu ry d eed ,2 5 7 e a r thwo rk s i su n re so lved .2 l w h ich d e sc r ibed l a nd c a led P ley s towe ( an ame s u r v iv ing i n t t h e moder nP l e s towe s F a rm ) i nB a rf o rd a sa bu t ing o n t ot h e h ea th t owa rd s t h e w ood o f O cc le t o t h e e a s t , s ugge s t s t h a t O ak ley Wood e x tended t o t h e b ounda ry b e tween B i shop s T achb rook a nd B a rf o rd . T he e a r thwo rk s , t h e ref o re , t h ough e n c lo sed w i th in t h e g r ea t w oodbank , m ay h ave b een

T he a r ea i n a nd a r ound t h e p re sen t Mer ' s F a rm i n r yman U lenha l p r e sen t s a n i n te re s t ing c omb ina t ion o f l l t o pog raph ica l a nd d ocum en ta ry e v iden ce w h ich h a s p o t en t ia ly s i gn if ican t i mp l ica t ion s f o r t h e t e chn ique o f l t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s a nd f o r t h e h i s tory o f m ed ieva l w ood land . A s e xp la ined i nC hap te rT h ree , at we lf th -cen tu ry g r an t o f p ar t o f t h e w ood o f U lenha l i n d ica ted t h a t i t l l

l o r ig ina ly p e r iphe ra l t oa n a r ea o fe a r ly m ed ieva l w ood land w h ich w a s n o t e nc lo sed u n t i l al a te r d a te . Mo reove r , a s sion a s ugge s ted a bove i nt h e d i scus bou tt h e m ean ing o fl e ah , 1 70

i n c luded s ub s tan t ia l e a r thwo rk s i n t h e f o rm o f t h ree g r ea t s d i tche s ( c um t r ibu s m agn i s f o sa t i s ) .26 2 F rom t h e i r

a nd Woo ton Wawen . E ng l i sh p l ace -nam e e l emen t s c anno t t b e a pp l ied t o ap e r iod b ef o re O ld E ng l i sh w a s i ng ene ra l u se . T he re w e r e p agan A ng lo -Saxon c eme t e r ie s i nt h e v a ley o f l t h e A von f r om t h e b eg inn ing o ft h e s i x th c en tu ry , b u t f r om p hono log ica l c r i te r ia i ts em s t h a t B r i t i sh s p eech p e r s i s ted i n e s ou th S t af rd sh i re , n ea rt h e Wa rw ick sh i r e b o rd e r a tH in t s ( a fo B r i t i sh n ame ) i n t h e s e cond h a lf o f t h e s i x th c en tu ry a nd a r ound L i chf i e ld a sl a t e a st h e m id -seven th c en tu ry .26 6 T he

p rox im i ty t o B o t ley , n amed i n t h e g r an t a s b o rde r ing t h e w ood , t h e se c an b e i d en t if i ed a sH obd i tch a nd t wo c onnec t ed s b ank s , w h ich h ad a soc ia ted d i tche s a nd a r e a tt h e l a te s t o f 6 3 sib e a r ly p o s t -Roman d a te a nd p os ly o f I r on A ge o r ig in .2 T h i s i s r a r e e v idence o f t h e p r ec i se s i te o f m ed ieva l w ood land wh ich w a s s e conda ry i no r ig in , f o r t h e w ood land mu s t h ave d eve loped a f te r t h e e a r thwo rk s w e re c on s t ruc t ed .

d a t e o ft h ea dop t ion o ft h e O ld E ng l i sh l a nguage i nn or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re i su nce r ta in , b u t t h e re m ay w e l h ave l b een ap er iod o ft wo c en tur ie s a f te r t h e e nd o ft h e R omano -

T he w e s ter ne a r thwo rk , t h e g ene ra l t r end o ft h e r i ve r v a ley , l a nd t h e r oad a l ong t h e v a ley f o rmed a lo o se ly r e c t i l in ea r l f r am ewo rk w h ich c ou ld h ave i n f luenced t h e b ounda r ie s i n 6 4 T he ref o re t h e b ounda r ie s t h e i mm ed ia te a r ea a ta ny t im e .2 o n Mer ' s F a rm , w i th in t h e a r ea o ft h e m ed ieva l w ood , ryman c ou ld h ave b een i n ser ted w hen t h e t r ee s d i sappea r ed . H oweve r , s ome o f t h e b ounda r ie s c on t inue b eyond t h e i mm ed ia te a r ea o f Mer ' s F a rm a nd f o low t h e ryman l d om inan t a l ignm en t o f t h e Woo ton Wawen b ounda ry t 6 5 y s t em , w h ich i s of p re -med ieva lo r ig in .2 s

B r i t i sh p e r iod b ef o re E ng l i sh p l ace -name s w e re i n t roduced , g i v ing p l en ty o f t ime f o r t h e f o rma t ion o f s e conda ry w ood land . T he t h ree Warw ick sh i r e n ame s t h ough t t o c on ta in t h e B r i t i sh w o rd f o r w ood , c e to , c anno t t h e ref o r e b e t a ken t or e f e r t oR omano -B r i t i sh w ood s ; t h ey m ay r e f e r t o s e conda ry w ood land f o rmed b e tween t h e e nd o fR oman r u le a nd t h e a dop t ion o fE ng l i sh p l ace -nam e s . C onc lu s ion s

O n f i r s t c on s ide ra t ion , Mer ' s F a rm a ppea r s t op r e sen t r yman T h e q ue s t ion s a bou t p r ima ry a nd s e conda ry w ood land , a s

e xamp le s o ft h e w ay i nw h ich s om e b ounda r ie s i d en t if i ed b y t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s a s p a r t o f a pr e -med ieva l b ounda ry y s t em c an p o s t -da te t h a t s y s tem . H oweve r , t h e g r ea t s w e s t er n e a r thwo rk mu s t h ave p r eceded t h e w ood land , a nd , p r e sumab ly b ecau se o f i t s s i ze , w a s p r e served w i th in U lenha l 's m ed ieva l w ood t or e -eme rge a t al a te r d a te . I t is l l p os le t h a tt h et r ee c ove ro ft h ew ood w a s s pa r se e nough t o sib

w i th t h o se a bou t t h e p r ec i se a moun t s o f w ood land i n d i f e r en t p ar t s o f Wa rw ick sh i re a t d i f e r en t s t age s i n t h e f f e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , h ave n o c e r ta in a n swe r s . N one the les h ey s hou ld b e a sked . T he t e n ta t ive a n swe r s s, t g i ven t o t h em s how t h a t much o f t h e e v idence o n w h ich v i ew s o ft h e c oun ty ' s e a r ly m ed ieva l t o pog raphy h ave b een b a sed h i the r to i sc apab le o f d i f e ren t i n t e rp r e ta t ion . N ew f i n t e rp re ta t ion s o we s ome th ing t ot h e c a r ef u l e xam ina t ion o f d e ta i led e v idence f r om t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod . T hey a l so

a low o t he r , l e se r , b ounda ry d i tche s o rb ank s , n o tab ly t h o se l s w ho se a l ignm en t c on t inued n or thwa rd s a c ros h e r i ve r , t o s t s u rv ive f o r r e -u se i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l f i e ld s y s tem . T h e s ugge s t ion a dvanced i nt h i s s t udy , t h a t s ome , i fn o t much , m ed ieva l w ood land w a s o pen a nd u sed a s p a s tu re , t h u s a low ing t h e s u rv iva l o f s ome p re -ex i s t ing b ounda r ie s , l m ak e s a n i mpor tan t c on t r ibu t ion t o t h e l a te r a r gum en t . I t t m ay r e con c i le t h e d eve lopm en t o f s e conda ry w ood land i n U lenha l w i th t h e s u rv iva l , o nt h e s ame s i te , o f as i gn if ican t l l n umbe r o fa ppa ren t ly p re -med ieva l f i e ld b ounda r ie s . Mo r e g ene ra ly , i ts ugge s t s t h a t t h e re m igh t h ave b een m o r e l r e g row th o fw ood land i np a r t s o fE ng land a f te rt h e R omano B r i t i sh p e r iod t h an t h e p rac t i t ione r s a nd a dvoca t e s o f t o pog raph ica la na ly s i sh ave i d en t if i ed h i ther to .

o we much t o r e cen t a r ch z eo log ica l r e sea rch a nd c ur t ren t h ink ing a bou t e a r ly m ed ieva l s e t lemen t , w h ich w i l b e t l d i scus tg r ea te rl e ng th i nt h e f o low ing c hap te r . sed a l T he d e ta i led e v idence h a s s hown p r e ty c onc lu s ive ly t h a t t t h e re w a s s i gn if i can t ly mo re w ood land i n Warw ick sh i re b ef o re 1 086 t h an i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod . I th a s a l so m od if i ed s ome o f t h e t r ad i t iona l v i ew s a bou t t h e t o pog raph ica l d i v i s ion s w i th in Warw ick sh i re . T he b road d i s t inc t ion b e tween t h e a r ea s o n e i the r s i d e o ft h e A von i n t h e l a te rm ed ieva lp er iod m ay h ave b een l e s m a rked i n , s ay , s t h e e i gh th c en tu ry . D e ta i led r e sea r ch h a s n o t s o lved t h e d i ff i cu l t ie s i n vo lved i n i n te rp r e t ing t h e e v idence o f p l ace -

A long s ide t h i sp os i l i ty i s th e e v idence p re sen ted a bove f o r sib ap r e -med ieva l o r ig in f o r t h e l a te r m ed ieva l c u s tom o f i n t e r common ing i nw ood s a nd f o r t h e w ood s t h em se lve s . I f

n ame s , b u t i th a s c onf i rmed t h e i mpor t an ce o fs u ch e v idence a nd h a s c on t r ibu ted t o t h e c a se f o r c on t inu ing r e v iew . I n p a r t icu la r t h e re i s a n eed f o r mo r e w o rk o n m ino r t o pog raph ica l p l ace -nam e s . T h i s s t udy h a s a l so h i gh l igh ted t h e n eed f o r much mo r e a r chxo log ica l i n ve s t iga t ion a nd t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e .

t h e i n te rcommoni ng h ad o r ig ina ted o n p a s tu r e i tw ou ld s ugge s t as ub s tan t ia l g row th o fs e conda ry w ood land a ts om e t ime a f t e r t h e c u s tom o r ig ina ted . I tw ou ld a l so i mp ly t h a t p r e -med ieva l c ommon p a s tu re w a s u n if o rm ly a o lowed t r e ver t t o w ood land , i n s tead o f s ome b e ing p r e served a s p a s tu re . T he a soc ia t ion b e tween c ommon g r az ing r i gh t s s

D e sp i te t h e i mpe rf ec t ion s o f t h e e v idence , e nough n ew i n f o rma t ion h a s e me rged a bou tw ood land i n Wa rw ick sh i re t o

a nd l a te r m ed ieva l w ood s a nd w o ld s i ss o s t rong t h a t t h e b a lan ce o ft h e a r gum en t may b e i nf a vou r o f ap r e -m ed i eva l o r ig in f o rw ood si nw h ich i n te rcommon ing w a sp r ac t i sed .

p romp t q ue s t ion s a bou t t h e i mp l ica t ion s f o r o t he r a spec t s o f t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l t o pog raphy o f t h e r e g ion . T he n ex t c hap te r w i l c on s ide r i np a r t icu la r t h e r e la t ion sh ip b e tween l t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land a nd r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i nr u ra l t o pog raphy .

T he d eba te a bou t t h e r e la t ive p ropo r t ion s o f p r ima ry a nd s e conda ry w ood land i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod h i gh l igh t s t h e l a ck o f e v idence f o r t h e f i f th a nd s i x th c en tu r ie s . T he o n ly d a tab le e v idence f o r t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f w ood land i n n o r th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i r e i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod c om e s f r om t h e e a r ly e i gh th c en tu ry , i nr e la t ion t oN u thu r s t 1 71

I E ng l i sh H i s tor ica l D ocumen t s c . 500 -1042 ( e d . D . Wh i te lock , s e cond e d i t ion , 1 979 ) ,p p . 4 10 . 2 P . S im s -W i l iam s , ' T he S e t lemen t o fE ng land i nB ede a nd t h e l t C h ron ic le ' , A ng lo -Saxon E ng land , 1 2 ( 1983 ) , p p . 1 4 1 ;

i d em ,

' G i lda s a nd t h e A ng lo -Saxon s ' , C ambr idg e Med ieva l C e l t ic S t ud ie s , 6( W in te r , 1 983 ) ,p p . 1 30 ; J . Campbe l , ' B ede ' , e d . T .D o rey ,L a t in l H i s tor ians ( 1966 ) , p p . 1 59 -90 , s e p . 1 72 ; B rook s , ' T he c r ea t ion e a nd e a r ly s t ruc tu re o ft h e k ingdom o fK en t ' ; B . Y o rke , ' T he J u te s o fH amp sh i re a nd W igh t a nd t h e o r ig in s o f Wes ' , i ne d . B as t , sex se t T he O r ig ins o fA ng lo -Saxon K ingdoms ,p p . 8 4 -96 . sim l 3 S awye r , A ng lo -Saxon C har ter s , p as ; G e l ing , S ignpos t s t o t h e P as t , p .2 08 ; Wh i te lock , E ng l i sh H i s tor ica lD ocumen t s , p p . 3 , 3 74 -5 ; S .K eyne s , T he D ip lomas o fK ing A e the l r ed ' T he U nr eady ' : As t udy i nt h e i ru se a sh i s tor ica le v idence ( 1980 ) ,p .1 . l l e 4 F o r s umma r ie s o f t h e p o s i t ion n a t iona ly a nd l o ca ly , s e , f o r l e xamp le , J . C ampbe l , T he A ng lo -Saxons ( 1982 ) , C hap te r s O ne a nd l Two ; C . H i l s , ' T he a r chaeo logy o f A ng lo -Saxon E ng land i nt h e

b id . ,p p . 3 97 -400 . i b id . ,p p . 1 20 1 . i 2 0 R ef e rence s t o p ub l i shed t r an sc r ip t ions o r t r an s la t ion s o ft h e se c ha r te r s a nd t oc ommen t s u pon t h em a r e g i ven i nS awye r , A ng lo 1 8 1 9

S axon C har ter s . T he e nume ra t ion o ft h ec ha r te r s a nd d a te sg i ven i n t h a tw o rk a r ea sf o low s : 6 4 -S ho te ry , N u thu r s t ( 6 99x709 ) ; 1 278 l t -N u thu r s t ( 872 ) ; 177 -I ngon ( 704x709 ) ; 1 20 -H amp ton L ucy ( 7 81) ; 1 252 -S t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon ( 699x717 ) ; 1 257 -S t ra tf o rd , S t ure a nd H amp ton L ucy ( 781) ;

1 388 Bishop ton , Wa rw ick

( 10 16 ) ; 1 358 -C lop ton ( 988 ) ; 1 42 1 -L udd ing ton ( bound s o n ly ) ; 9 4 -Woo ton Wawen ( 7 16x737 ) ; 1 307 -A sp ley a nd T eod ece s t l e ag e( 9 63 ) ; 7 20 -D udde s ton ( 9 63 ) ; 1 536 -A u s t r ey ( 1002x 1004 ) ; 5 88 -Wo rm le igh ton ( 9 56 ) ; 1 574 -Wo rm le igh ton ( bound s o n ly ) ; 9 37 -Wo rm le igh ton a nd F a rnbo rough ( 990x 1006 ) ; 6 1 -S h ip s ton o n -S tou r ( 7 64x775 ) ; 1 573 Sh ip s ton -on -S tou r ( bound s o n ly ) ; 3 10 -A lve s ton ( 9 66 ) ; 1 334 -T idd ing ton i nA lve s ton ( 969 ) ; 1 3 18 1 -T idd ing ton i nA lve s ton ( 977 ) ;

1 350 -T idd ing ton a nd A lve s ton

p agan p e r iod : ar e v iew ' , A ng lo -Saxon E ng land , 8( 1979 ) , p p . 2 97 3 29 ; P .H . S awye r , F rom R oman B r i ta in t o N orman E ng land

( 9 85 ) ; 7 51 -B ickma r sh i n We lf o rd -on -Avon ( 967 ) ; 7 73 -K ine ton ( 9 69 ) ; 8 92 -S ou tham , L adb roke a nd R adbou rn ( 98 ) ; 8 98 -L ong 9

l ( 1 978 ) ; C .C . T ay lo r , V i lag ea nd F arms tead ( 1983 ) . l 5 G e l ing , S ignpo s t st ot h eP as t ,p ass im ; i d em ,P lace -Name s i nt h e sim L and scape , p as ; S awye r , F rom R oman B r i ta in t o N orman E ng land , p p . 1 50 -63 . -Saxon E 6 S ee , f o r e xamp le , S t en ton , A ng lo ng land , p .4 3 ; f o r a n

I t ch ing ton , A r ley ( 100 1) ;

9 11 -L i t le C omp ton , S tud ley ( 1005 ) ; t

9 67 a nd 9 73 -My ton i n Wa rw ick ( 1033 -34 ) ; 1 098 a nd 1 099 C oven t ry ( 1043x 1053 ) ; 1 407 -We s ton -on -Avon ( 1 053x 1056 ) . 2 1

S awye r , A ng lo -Saxon C har te r s , n o . 7 9 ;

H .P .R . F inbe rg , T he

a cknow ledgemen t o f h ow r e cen t t h e c hange h a s b een D ye r ,

E ar ly C har te r so f th e W e s tM id land s( s econd e d i t ion , 1 972 ) , p .8 . 2 2 G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o fW arw ick sh ir e , p .

H anbur y , p .1 2 . l 7 T ay lo r , V i lag ea nd F arms tead , C hap te r s 6a nd 7 .

2 3

8

D ye r , Hanbur y ,p p . 1 5 18 .

sim N . H igham ,R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h eA ng lo -Saxons ( 1992 ) ,p as ; l T ay lo r , V i lag e a nd F arms tead , C hap te r s 6a nd 7 ; P . J . D r u ry a nd l t W . R odwe l , ' S e t lemen t i nt h e l a te r I r on A ge a nd R oman p e r iod s ' , s e d . D .G . B uck ley , A rchaeo logy i n E sex t o A .D . 1 500 , C .B .A . 9

1 23 f o rt h eb ound so fA r ley . D . H ooke , ' The O ldber row C ha r te r a nd b ounda ry c l ause ' , W e s t

M id land s A rchaeo log ica l N ew s S hee t , 2 1 ( 1978 ) , p p . 8 1 -3 ; D . H ooke a nd D . Ma r sha l l , T he A r row V a l ley P ro jec t . 2 .O ldber row , A P ar i sh S ur vey , U n ive r s i ty o f B irm ingham , D epa r tm en t o f G eog raphy , O cca s iona l P ub l ica t ion Numbe r 3 0 ( 1 994 ) , p p . 1 3 -20 ; G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o fW arw ick sh ire , p p . 2 82 ( K ine ton ) , 1 44 -5 ( Sou tham ) , 1 35 ( Ladb roke a nd R adbou rn ) .

l R e sea rch R epo r t 3 4 ( 1 980 ) , p p . 5 9 -75 ; T . W i l iam son , ' S i te s i nt h e L and scape :

sib F o r a re ad i ly a cces le i n te rp re ta t ion o f t h e b ound s , G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -Name so fW arw ick sh ir e ,p p . 1 33 -4 . 2 5 B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , V o l I I( 1893 ) ,n o . 182 . 2 6 H ooke , T he A ng lo -Saxon L and scape : t h e k i ngdom o f t h e

t a pp roa che s t o t h e p o s t -Roman s e t lemen t o f s ou th -

2 4

e a s te rn E ng land ' , A r chaeo log ica l R ev iew f rom C ambr idg e , 4 . 1 ( 1 985 ) , p p . 5 1 -64 ; i d em , ' P a r i sh b ounda r ie s a nd e a r ly f i e ld s : c on t inu i ty a nd d i scon t inu i ty ' , J ourna l o f H i s tor ica l G eog raphy , 1 2 .3 ( 1986 ) , p p . 2 4 1-48 ; H . H a rke , ' F ind ing B r i ton s i n A ng lo -

Hw icce ,p .2 05 . 2 7 B i r ch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , V o l I ,n o s . 2 39 a nd 2 4 1 ( pp . 32 -3 , 35 -6 ) f o r H amp ton L ucy ; i b id . , p . 1 78 f o r I ngon . F o r a sion a e l d i scus bou t t h e i d en t i ty o f I ngon , s e P . S im s -W i l iam s , s o row ' Cu th sw i th , s even th -cen tu ry a bbes f I nkber , n ea r Wo r ce s te r , a nd t h e Wu rzbu rg m anu sc r ip t o fJ e rome o n E cc le s ia s t ice s ' , A ng lo e S axon E ng land , 5( 1976 ) , p p . 1 2 1 , s ep .1 2 . 2 8 RB T —,p 2 76 . 2 9 S awye r ,A ng lo -Saxon C har te r s ,n umbe r s5 76 , 7 20 , 1 388 . 3 0 B i r ch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , V o l . I ,n o . 1 23 ; o n t h e d a te o f t h eb ounda ry c l au se , C ox , ' The P la ce -Name s o ft h e E a r l ie s t E ng l ish

S axon g rave s ' ,B r i t i sh A rchaeo log y , 1 0( Decembe r , 1 995 ) ,p .7 . t t 1 0 M .G . We lch , ' Ru ra l s e t lemen t p a ter n s i nt h e E a r ly a nd M idd le A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod s ' , L and scape H i s to ry , 7( 1985 ) , p p . 1 3 -25 , l t e spec ia ly p p . 1 3 14 ; J .N .L . My re s , T he E ng l i sh S e t l emen t s , V o lume 1 B i nt h eO xf o rd H is tory o fE ng land ( 1986 ) . 1 G . C rawf o rd , ' Wa sper ton , Wa rw ick sh i re . E xcava t ion o fg r ave l s i t e ' , W e s t M id land s A r chaeo logy , 2 4 ( 198 1) , p p . 1 2 1-29 ; i d em , ' E xcava t ion s a t Wa spe r ton : 3 rd i n te r im r e po r t ' , W e s t M id land s A r chaeo logy , 2 6 ( 1 983 ) , p p . 1 5 -27 ; P .W i se , ' Wa spe r ton ' , C ur t ren A r chaeo logy , 1 26 ( 1 99 1) ,p p . 2 56 -59 . 1 2 B asset t, T he W oo t ton W awen P ro jec t : i n te r im r epor tn o . 4 ,p p .

l R eco rd s ' , p .6 6 , c i ted i nH ooke , ' V i lage D eve lopmen t i nt h e We s t M id land s ' ,p .1 43 . 3 1 H ooke , T he A ng lo -Saxon L and scape ,p p . 2 04 , 5 7 . 3 2 B i r ch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , V o l . I ,n o . 1 57 .

1 4 -2 1 . 1 3 S .R . B as t ,p e r sona l c ommun ica t ion . se t se t 1 4 S .R . B as t , ' Chu rche s i n Wo rce s te r b ef o re a nd a f te r t h e c onve r s ion o ft h e A ng lo -Saxons ' , T he A n t iquar ie s J ourna l , LX IX , P a r t I( 1989 ) , p p . 2 25 -56 ; i d em , ' Chu rch a nd d i oce se i nt h e We s t M id land s : t h e t r an s i t ion f r om B r i t ish t o A ng lo -Saxon c on t ro l ' , i n e d . J . Bla i r a nd R . S ha rpe , P as tora l C are B ef or e t h eP ar i sh ( 1 992 ) , p . 1 3 -40 . p 1 5 Wh i te lock , E ng l i sh H i s tor ica l Documen t s , p . 3 69 ; V i c tor ia H i s tory o ft h e C oun ty o fS t af , V o l . I I ( e d . M .W . G r een s lade , ford 1 970 ) ,p .1 74 .

3

A s i nA . S ha re r , D ie a ng e l sachs i sche K on ig surkunde i m 7 .u nd

8 .J ahrhunde r t , V e rof t l ichunge d e s I n s t i tu te s f u rO s ter ich i sche fen re G e sch ich t sf o r schung , XXV I ( 1982 ) , p p . 1 76 -8 , w h ich a t r ibu te s t h e t

I n i t ia ly b y G .B . G rundy , ' S axon C ha r te r s o f Wo rce s te r sh i re ' , l T BAS , L I a nd LI ( 1927 , 1 928 ) , p p . 1 183 a nd 1 8 131 I I I r e spec t ive ly , a nd m o re r e cen t ly i nH ooke ,A ng lo -Saxon L and scape s

c ha r te rt o al a te rr a the rt h an a n e a r l ie rd a te w i th in t h ey ea r s 7 18 -37 . 3 4 B as t , W oo ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r epor t n o . 4 ,p .2 1 ; se t t W . C oope r , W oo ton W awen : i t s h i s tor ya nd r e cord s ( 1936 ) , p .4 ; t H ooke , A ng lo -Saxon L and scape s o f t h e W es t M id land s : t h e C har te rE v id ence ,p .1 65 . 3 5 B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , V o l . I ,n o s . 1 9 1 , 2 47 a nd S awye r ,A ng lo -Saxon C har ter s ,n o . 1 23 . 3 6 B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum ,V o l . I ,n o . 3 03 a nd B rook s , ' T he

o f t h e W e s t M id land s : t h e C har te r E v id ence a nd i d em , W or ce s ter sh ir e A ng lo -Saxon C har ter -Bound s , S tud ie s i n A ng lo -

3 7

1 6

c r ea t ion a nd e a r ly s t ruc tu re o ft h ek i ngdom o fK en t ' ,p .7 0 . L a tham ,R ev i sed Med ieva lL a t in W ord -L i s t ,p .4 17 . S .R . B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r epor tn o . 7 , se t t U n ive r s i ty o f B irm ingham ( 1989 ) , p . 3 ; i d em , p e r sona l

S axon H is tory I I( 1 990 ) . 1 7 F o r e xamp le s o f g rove s , i b id . , p p . 2 05 -7 , 2 54 , 2 6 1-4 , 2 84 -6 ,

3 8

3 11-4 , 3 59 -60 , 3 68 -70 , 3 77 -83 . 1 72

l s on G e l ing , P lace -N ame s i nt h eL and scape , p p . 1 98 -9 ; J ohans , O ld E ng l i sh P lace -N ame sa nd F ie ld -N ame sc on ta in ing l e ah , p .3 1 . l 7 1 G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape , p .1 99 .

c ommun ica t ion ; G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o f W arw ick sh i r e , p .2 17 . 3 9 S ee C hap te rT h ree u nde r Woo ton Wawen . t 4° F i nbe rg , T he E ar ly C har ter so f th e W e s tM id land s , p .8 . 4 1 H ooke , ' T he O ldber ha r te r a nd b ounda ry c l au se ' i n c lude s row C t h e b ounda ry c l au se o fT eodece s l e ag e o n p .8 3 ; f o r av a r ia t ion t o t h e s ugge s ted n o r the rn b ounda ry o f O ldber , H ooke row Ma r sha l , T he A row V a ley P ro jec t . 2 .O ldber , p p . 1 3 -20 . l r l r ow 4 2 ibi d

7°

7 2 7 3 7 4

a nd

i b id . , p p . 1 98 -9 . l G e l ing , T he W e s tM id land si nt h eE ar ly M idd le A g e s ,p .1 4 . S ee C hap te r Two .

H ooke , A ng lo -Saxon L and scape s o ft h e W e s t M id land s : t h e C har ter E v idence , p . 1 54 ; i d em , ' The A ng lo -Saxon L and scape ' , i n e d . T .R . S l a te r a nd P . J J a rv i s , F ie ld a nd F or e s t : a n h i s tor ica l

7 5

l G e l ing , P lace -N ame s i nt h e L and scape , p . 1 96 , s ugge s t s t h a t h o l td e sc r ibe s aw ood w i th as i ng le o rd om inan ts pec ie so ft r ee .

g eog raphy o fW arw ick sh ire a nd W orce s te r sh ir e( 1982 ) , p p . 7 9 103 , e s ep .8 5 .

4 3

S .B .T . , DR37 /853 . R obe r t s , S e t t l emen t , L and U se a nd P opu la t ion , F igu re 4 4 . F o r t h et i t he a wa rd , W .C .R .O . , CR328 /53 . t 4 6 S awye r , ' E ng l ish Med ieva l S e t lemen t : N ew I n te rp re ta t ion s ' , p . 4 4

7 6

4 5

S i x . 7 7 H ooke , W orce s ter sh ire A ng lo -Saxon C har ter -Bound s , p as sim ; l e ah i sr e pea ted ly t r an s la ted a s " wood ( o r g l ade /c lea r ing ) " . I n a dd i t ion , t h e p os i l i ty t h a t i ns ome c a se s i tc ou ld h ave b ecome a sib

l sim 4 ; G e l ing ,S ignpo s t st ot h eP as t ,p as . f 4 7 F o ra n e xp l ic i t r e cogn i t ion o ft h e d i f e rence , D ye r , H anbu ty , p .

p r ope r n ame b y t h e t ime t h e b ounda ry c l au se w a s w r i ten i s t o ve r looked , n o tab ly o n p .3 99 , w he re l e ah i ss a id t od eno te a n a r ea

1 4 8

l G e l ing , P lace -Name s i nt h e L and scape , d eve loped a n i n te re s t

o fw ood land w hen i tc ou ld h ave b een p a r t o f ap rope rn ame f o rt h a t a r ea o fl a nd . t 7 8 E ve r i t , C on t inu i ty a nd C o lon i za t ion : t h e e vo lu t ion o fK en t i sh t s e t l emen t , p p . 3 0 -31 , 5 4 ; W i tney , ' T he Wood land E conomy o f K en t ' , p p . 2 2 -7 .

b egun i ni d em , S ignpo s t st ot h eP as t . c 4 9 T h i s a coun t o f t h e d eve lopmen t o f O ld E ng l i sh p l a ce -name l s t ud ie s i sb a sed o n G e l ing , S ignpos t s t o t h e P as t , C hap te r 5 (pp . 1 06 -29 )a nd a ddenda , p p . 2 53 -5 . l 5° G e l ing ,S ignpos t st ot h eP as t , p .8 8 . i l 5 1 b id . , m ap o n p . 9 1 , a s mod if ied i n M . G e l ing , T he W e s t

7 9 R ackham , T ree s a nd W ood land i n t h e B r i t i sh L and scape ( s econd e d i t ion ) ,p .5 6 . l 8° G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape , p .1 98 . i 8 1 b id . ,p .2 06 . l e 8 2 F o r w ood s c a led l e i nH amp ton in -A rden , B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld

M id land si nt h eE ar ly M idd le A g es ( 1992 ) ,p .5 7 . 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6

l G e l ing , P lace -N ame s i n t h e L and scape , p . 2 34 a nd C hap te r

i l b id . a nd G e l ing ,S ignpos t st ot h eP as t ,p .9 2 . i b id . ,p .9 3 .

t D igby MSS . , A 1/2 . A 3 , A 4 , A S , S u ton C o ldf ie ld , PR O . , C

i b id . ,p p . 8 3 -5 . i b id . ,p .9 3 . l M . G e l ing , ' Why A ren ' t We S peak ing We lsh? ' , e d . W . F i lme r -

1 33 /86 / 1 , N unea ton , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,49 1 , a nd C an ley , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/838 . L e T ( h )ache ley , PR O . , E 1 64 /2 1 , f . 1v , c opy i n W .C .R .O . , M I409 a nd S .B .T . , DR 10 /223 . F o r O ak ley Wood a nd

S ankey ,A ng lo -Saxon S t ud ie s i nA rchaeo logy a nd H i s tory 6( 1 993 ) , p . 5 1 -6 , e xp la in s t h a t t h e B r i t ish o r ig in o f t h e se t wo n ame s h ad p b een r e jec ted a s l a te a s 1 982 b ecau se " i t s emed q ue s t ionab le e w he the r t h e re c ou ld e ve r h ave b een a n o ak f o re s t e x tend ing a l ong t h e e a s te rn p a r t o f Wa rw ick sh i re " a nd t h a t t h e r e se rva t ion h ad b een s ub sequen t ly " r emoved b y ab e te r u nde r s tand ing o f Wa rw ick sh i re t g eog raphy " . 5 7 F o rt h es ou r ce o ft h is n ame ,D ugda le , V o l . I ,p .2 27 , t a ken f r om t l t h e o r ig ina l , B .L . , C o ton V i te l iu s Ai ,f .4 4 . ( VCH , V o l . V I , p .3 6 l t r ans la te s n emus a s g rove . ) D r . G e l ing , p e r sona l c ommun ica t ion , sib h a s k i nd ly c on f irmed t h a t m uneche t i s a" d i s t inc t p os i l i ty " f o r a l c e to n am e , b u t , i nt h e a b sence o f moun ta in s o rg r ea t h i l s i nB in ley , i su nab le t ot h row a ny l i gh to nt h ee l emen tm une . l 5 8 G e l ing , W e s tM id land si nt h eE ar ly M idd l eA g e s , C hap te r 3a nd

e f B rad legh s e A ppend ix 1u nde rB i shop sT achb rook a nd O f chu r ch ; t h e s uff ix t oO ak ley , W .C .R .O . , CR 1908 / 104 / 1 a nd CR 1908 / 105 /3 . F o r S t one le igh , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .7 6 , c opy i n W .C .R .O . , M I 3 92 / 1 ; S LB , p .4 ; S .B .T . , DR 10 / 10 17 . 8 3 R a ckham ,H i s tory o ft h e C oun t ry s id e ,p .8 3 . e 8 4 F o r e xamp le , PR O . , E4 0 /4380 , s e C a lendar o fA nc ien t D eed s , A 4380 . l 8 5 G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape , p .1 97 . t 8 6 S u ton C o ldf ie ld 's m ino r p l ace -name s i n c lud ing h u r s t : E che lhu r s t , M . MSS . , M i M 1 34 /9 ; B rockhu r s t , B .R .L . , 3 48 ,028 ; R am shu r s t , B .R .L . 3 48 ,039 ; L ang leyhu r s t , W .C .R .O . , Z 75 / 3 . M ino r p l ace -name s i n c lud ing l e ah : Wynd ley , M . MSS , M i M 1 34 / 1 ; R ough ley -n om ed ieva l r e co rd l o ca ted ; L ang ley , Wa lm ley ,

p .5 3 . i l 5 9 b id . a nd G e l ing ,S ignpo s t st ot h eP a s t ,p p . 2 2 , 8 8 .

R av enns l ey a nd W y lne rd e s leye , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f . 1 0 1 , c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 1 77 ; W y te lee , M . MSS . , M i D3 949 / 1 a nd

6°

e B .R .L . 3 48 ,04 1-2 ; l al e , P .R .O . , C1 33 /86 / 1 . t 8 7 A . E ver i t , ' R ive ra nd w o ld . R ef lec t ions o n t h e h i s to r ica l o r ig in o fr e g ions a nd p ay s ' ,J ourna l o fH i s tor ica l G eog raphy , 3 . 1 ( 1977 ) ,

t S awye r , ' E ng l i sh Med ieva l S e t lemen t : N ew I n te rp r e ta t ion s ' , p .

1 6 1

s on C . J ohans , O ld E ng l i sh P lace -N ame s a nd F ie ld -N ame s

p p . 1 19 ; D . H ooke , ' E a r ly C o t swo ld Wood land ' , J ourna l o f t H i s tor ica l G eog raphy , 4 . 4 ( 1978 ) , p p . 33 -4 1 ; A . E ve r i t , ' T he

c on ta in ing l e ah ( S tockho lm , 1 975 ) , p .2 8 . 6 2 S ee , f o r e xamp le , G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o f W arw ick sh i r e , p p . 1 23 ( A r ley ) , 1 44 -45 ( Sou tham ) ; H ooke , ' T he row C O ldber ha r te r a nd b ounda ry c l au se ' ; f o r l a te r m ed ieva l f i e ld e n ame ss et h ep a r i sh s t ud ie si nC hap te rT h ree . 6 3 H .S .A . F ox , ' App roa che s t o t h e a dop t ion o f t h e M id land s y s tem ' , i ne d . T . R ow ley , T he O r ig ins o fO pen F ie ld A g r icu l tur e

w o ld so nce mo re ' ,J ourna lo f Hi s tor ica l G eog raphy , 5 . 1 ( 1979 ) , p p . 6 7 -7 1 ; T .R . S l a te r , ' Mo re o n t h e w o ld s ' , J ourna l o fH i s tor ica l G eog raphy , 5 . 2 ( 1979 ) , p p . 2 13 -8 ; L and scape ,p p . 2 22 -7 .

l G e l ing , P lace -N ame s i n t h e

8 8 H .S .A . F ox , ' T he P eop le o f t h e Wo ld s i n E ng l ish S e t t lemen t H is to ry ' i n e d . M . A s ton , D . A u s t in a nd C . D ye r , T he R ura l S e t l emen t so f M ed ieva lE ng land ( 1989 ) ,p p . 7 7 10 1 . t

e ( 1 98 1) ,p p . 6 4 111 , s ep p . 8 9 -90 . t 6 4 S awye r , ' E ng l ish Med ieva l S e t lemen t : N ew I n te rp re ta t ion s ' , p . l 4 ; G e l ing ,S ignpo s t st ot h eP as t , p .1 26 . l 6 5 T ay lo r , V i lag ea nd F arms tead , p p . 1 04 -5 , 11 , 1 22 -3 . 6 6 M . G e l l ing , ' T he E v idence o f P la ce -Name s I 'i n e d . P .H . S awy e r , E ng l i sh Med ieva l S e t t lemen t ( 1976 ) , p p . 10 -2 1 , s e e p . 1 1 . l sim 6 7 G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p . 7a nd p as . i 6 8 b id . ,C hap te rS i x . l 6 9 F o re xamp le , S k ipp , T he O r ig ins o f So l ihu l , p .8 .

8 9

9°

G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .2 23 . l F o rt h e l a te r v i ew , E ve r i t , ' R ive r a nd w o ld ' , p . 1 ; i d em , ' T he t t

w o ld s o nce m o re ' , p .6 8 ; S la te r , ' Mo re o n t h e w o ld s ' , p .2 17 . F o r t h ef o rme rv i ew , G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .2 22 . l 9 1 b id . ,p .2 24 . i 9 2 C . D ye r , ' D i spe r sed S e t lemen t s i n Med ieva l E ng land . AC a se t S t udy o fP endock , Wo r ce s te r sh i re ' , Med ieva lA r chaeo log y , XXX IV ( 1 990 ) , p p . 9 7 12 1 , s ep .1 08 . e 1 73

c an b e f ound i nt h e e nc lo su r e a wa rd f o r Wo lvey , w i th p l an , d a ted 1 8 th J une , 1 797 , w h ich i n c lude s l a nd " i n t h e Wo ld s " c ove r ing 1 9 3 a c r e s , 2 rood s a nd 9 pe rche s ( W .C .R .O . , CR 1124 / 1) . I t ch ing ton H o l t i n B i shop ' s I t ch ing ton i n c luded o ve r 8 6 a c re s i n t h e t i t he a wa rd (W .C .R .O . , CR569 / 135 ) . 1 23 M . G e l l ing , ' S ome n o te s o n Wa rw ick sh i r e p l a ce -nam e s ' ,

l l D . H a l , ' T he L a te S axon C oun t ry s ide : V i lage s a nd t h e i r t F i e ld s ' , i ne d . D . H ooke , A ng lo -Saxon S e t lemen t s ( 1988 ) , p p . 9 9 e 1 22 ,s ep p . 1 09 10 , 12 -3 . 9 4 D ugda l e ,V o l . I ,p .1 8 . 9 5 F ox ,' T he P eop le o ft h e Wo ld s ' ,p .7 9 . i 9 6 b id . ,p .8 1 . l 9 7 T he c hange f r om w o ld t o h o l t i sw e l d ocumen ted i n d eed s d a ted 1 620 r e la t ing t o L adb roke , W .C .R .O . , CR 1 849 /2 , a nd S ou tham , W .C .R .O . , CR 1248 /bund le 1 4 1/7 ; f o r t h e l o ca l d i a lec t , G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -N ame so fW arw ick sh ire ,p .1 44 . 9 8 C .C . D ye r a nd C . J . B ond , C omp ton Murdak . D e ser ted t Med ieva l S e t lemen t a nd i t sH i s tor ica l a nd A rchc eo log ica l C on tex t ( 1994 ) ,s e c t ion 4 . 1 . 9 9 S .B .T . , DR 10 /2606 . 1 0 0 S .B .T . , DR98 /278 . 1° 1 P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 48 r ,c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,M I4 09 . 1 02 W .C .R .O . ,L 1/34 ; P .R .O . , E4 1/517 . 1° 3 T he b ound s o f S ou tham a nd L adb roke , w i th R adbou rn , a r e a t ta ched t o ac ha r te rd a ted 9 98 ,p r in ted i nT he C rawf ord C o l l ec t ion o f E ar ly C har te r s a nd D ocumen t s ( e d . A .S . N ap ie r a nd W .H . S t even son , 1 895 ) , n o . 8 . T he b ound s o fK ine ton a r e a t tached t oa c ha r te r d a ted 9 69 , p r in ted i n B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum ,

9 3

e T BW AS , 8 6( 1 974 ) ,p p . 5 9 -79 , s ep .7 9 . 1 24 G e l l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .1 9 1 . 1 25 K en i lwo r th , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 , r o t 6 4 r ; S h rew ley , R y land , R ecord s o fR ow ing ton , p p . 1 24 -5 ; B r ink low , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 117 a nd DR 37 /box 14 . 1 2 6 F r i th Wood i n Am ing ton i nT amwo r th , L i chf i e ld J o in t R eco rd O ff ice , D /W / 1851/ 10 /3 ; f f r i thbrok b y C oundon a nd Whobe r ley , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .6 r , c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 4 09 , a nd C .R .O . , BA /B /A / 19 / 1 a nd BA /B /A /54 / 13 ; l aF r id i nT anwo r th in -A rden , S .B .T . , DR37 /43 ; l e ,f im the i nC ough ton , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 3 5 /bund le K ; f r i th i n Wo lvey ,L e ice s te r sh i r eR .O . , DE2559 / 106 . l 1 27 G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p p . 2 08 -9 ,3 24 . B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f . 1 03v 104 r , c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I l 1 77 ; S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/260 ; S .B .T . , DR37 /box 15 ; B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,760 ; B .R .L . ,W ing f ie ld D igby MSS . ,A 108 . 1 29 P .R .O . , E3 15 /4 1/99 . 1 30 G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -N ame so fW arw ick sh ir e ,p p . 2 17 , 1 9 ; i ni b id . ,p .3 64 , ' o l t ' i nB i shop 's I t ch ing ton i s tr an s la ted a s h o l t ,n o tw o ld . 1 3 1 G e l l ing , P lace -Name s i nt h e L and scape , p p . 1 92 -3 ; G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -Name so fW arw ick sh i re ,p .2 09 . l 1 32 G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .1 9 3 . 1 33 F o re xamp le , Wo lve r ton ,s e em ap i nS .B .T . ,E R 103 /2 . 1 34 G e l l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .2 27 . 1 35 R BW ,p .2 43 . l 1 36 G e l ing , P lace -N ame s i n t h e L and scape , p . 2 29 ; G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o f W arw ick sh ir e , p p . 2 90 1 ; S .B .T . , DR 10 /258 . 1 37 R BW ,p p . 2 54 -5 . l 1 38 K ing swood i n Wroxa l , S .B .T . , DR3 /48 , 5 0 ; i nT amwo r th , l f l C o lec t ions f or a H i s tory o f S t af ord sh i re , W i l iam S a l t A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty ,P a r tI ,V o l . V( 1 884 ) ,p .8 ; i nS t one le igh , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/696 ; P .R .O . , L R2 / 185 . 1 39 G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -Name so fW arw ick sh ire ,p p . 1 90 1 , 2 42 -3 ,2 65 -6 . 1 4 °S m i th ,E ng l i sh P lace -Name E lemen t s ,P a r tI ,p .1 88 . 1 4 1 G e l l ing ,S i gnpos t st ot h eP a s t ,p .1 28 . 1 42 B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum ,V o l . I ,n o . 1 57 . 1 43 G e l l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .2 27 . 1 44 M . G e l l ing , T he P lace -N ame s o fS hrop sh i re -P ar t O ne : T he 1 28

V o lume I I , n o . 1 229 a nd i n t r an s la t ion i n Wh i te lock , E ng l i sh H i s tor ica l D ocumen t s , p p . 5 63 -4 . Two s e t s o fb ound s s u rv ive f o r Wo rm le igh ton , i n B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , n o s . 9 46 a nd 9 47 . C ommen ta r ie so n a h e se b ound sa r eg i ven i nG ove r , Mawe r l t a nd S t en ton ,P lace N ame so fW arw ick sh ire ,p p . 1 35 ,2 75 ,2 82 . 1° 4 T h i sc ha r te r ,d a ted t o7 16 -37 , s u rv ive so n ly i n al a te rc opy ,b u t e i sr e ga rded a sa u then t ic , s eS awye r ,A ng lo -Saxon C har ter s ,n o . 9 4 , a nd S ha re r ,D ie A ng e l sachs i sche K on ig surkunde ,p p . 1 76 -8 . 1 05 B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , V o l . I ,n o s . 1 9 1 , 2 47 , 3 03 ; S awye r ,A ng lo -Saxon C har ter s ,n o . 1 23 ; B rook s , ' T he c r ea t ion a nd e a r ly s t ruc tu re o ft h ek i ngdom o fK en t ' ,p .7 0 . e l 1 06 O n a no the r e xamp le o fh aeme i n Wa rw ick sh i re , s e G e l ing , ' T he p l a ce -name v o lume s f o r Wo rce s te r sh i r e a nd Wa rw ick sh i re : a n ew l o ok ' ,p .7 0 . 1° 7 S ee a bove , i nt h e s e c t ion o n t h e e v idence o f e a r ly m ed ieva l c ha r te r s ,a l so C hap te rT h ree . 1° 8 O n Wo lve r ton 's w a ldf e ld , BD ; S .B .T . , ER 103 /2 ( map ) . 1 09 G e l l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .2 25 . 1 °F ox ,' T he P eop le o ft h e Wo ld s ' ,p p . 8 2 -5 . 1 1 F o r S hy rewo l t , S .B .T . , DR37 /853 , a nd S herwo ld , S .B .T . , DR 37 /box 7 4 . F o rt h es c ir h o l te sw eg , s e e a bove , i nt h ed i scus sion o nc ha r te r s . 12 G e l l ing , P lace -N ame s i nt h e L and scape , p p . 2 23 , 2 25 , 2 27 ; E ve r i t t ,' T he w o ld so nce m o re ' ,p .6 8 . 13 F ox ,' T he P eop le o ft h e Wo ld s ' ,p .8 2 . 14 C hap te rT h r ee f o r H a t ton a nd B udb rooke ; B ook o fS ea l s , n o . 2 60 ( B .L . ,C o t t . C h . x x ix 9 0 )f o rP a i l ton . 15 DB ,2 38d ; FF ,V o l . I ,n o . 1 59 . 16 S .B .T . , DR37 /2 116 ; S t af fs . R .O . , D 641/ 1/4V /2 ; P .R .O . , E 4 0 /7220 ; B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,162 ; W .C .R .O . , CR 1284 /72 /2 ; W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /222 a nd B .L . , C o t ton C a l igu la A x i i i , i f . 6 4 , 12 , 1 20 ; N o r thamp ton sh i re R .O . , S pence r MSS . 1 559 ; P .R .O . , C P 2 5 / 1/243 /2 1 ; S .B .T . , DR98 /867 a nd B .L . , C o t ton V i te l l iu s Ai , f . 81 ; S .B .T . , DR37 /2804 a nd N o r thamp tonsh i re R .O . , D 4 137 a nd D 1116 ; W .C .R .O . , CR2026 / 12 , s u rvey o fR ec to ry o fW i thyb rook , 1 595 . 17 F o rd , T he P a t te rn o fS e t t lemen t i nt h e C en tra l R eg ion o ft h e W arw ick sh ire A von ,p .1 44 . 18 L i ch f ie ld J o in tR eco rd O ff ice ,D 30 /N6 . F ox ,' T he P eop le o ft h e Wo ld s ' ,p p . 9 2 ,9 4 . 19 1 20 H a l l , ' T he l a te S axon C oun t ry s ide : V i l lage s a nd t h e i r F i e ld s ' ,

Ma jor N ame so fS hrop sh ire ( 1 990 ) ,p p . 3 25 -6 . 1' b i b id . ,p .3 26 . 1 46 G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .2 27 . l lace -N ame E l emen t s ,P a r tI ,p .3 1 . 1 47 Sm i th ,E ng l i sh P 1 48 i b id . ,p .2 44 . 1 49 G e l l ing ,P lace -N ame so fS hropsh i re ,p .3 26 . 1 5 ° V CH , V o l . V I , p . 1 67 , f o r L eek Woo t ton c hu rch a nd i t s d ependen tc hape l s ; f o r Woo ton Wawen ,s eb e low . t e 1 5 1 T he t h ree h und reda l c en t r e s i d en t if ied t od a te a r e Woo t ton i n O xf o rd sh i re ( V ic tor ia H i s to ry o ft h e C oun ty o fO xf ord , V o l . X I ( 1 983 ) , p .2 59 ) ; Wo t ton ( s ic ) i nS ur rey ( V ic tor ia H is tor y o ft h e C oun ty o fS ur rey , V o l . I I , p p . 1 54 -64 ) ; a nd Woo t ton -unde r -Edge i nG louce s te r sh i r e ( R . A tkyn s , T he A nc ien t a nd P re sen t S t a te o f G louce s ter sh i re ( r epub l i shed 1 974 ) , p . 8 53 s t a te s t h a t B e rke ley H und red h ad b een c a l led Woo t ton H und red ) . se t sim 1 52 B as t , O r ig ins o f A ng lo -Saxon K ingdoms , p as ; o n

p . 9 9 122 . p 1 2 1

W .C .R .O . , CR 1248 /bund le 1 4 1/7 ; Io we t h i sr e f e rence t oM r .

C ha r le sI v in . 1 22 F o rS ou tham ,s e em ap so f1 775 a nd 1 778 (W .C .R .O . , CR927 / 1 a nd CR8 / 184 . F o r L adb roke , W .C .R .O . , Z 358 . O the r e xamp le s 1 74

Woo t ton Wawen , i d em , ' I n s e a rch o ft h e o r ig in s o f A ng lo -Saxon k i ngdom s ' ,p .1 8 . 1 53 i b id . , p . 1 9 . T h i s v i ew h a s b een s t ong ly d i spu ted ; s e e , f o r e xamp le , D . R o l la son , ' t he e c c le s ia s t ica l c on tex t ' , e d . H .S .A . F ox , T he O r ig ins o f t h e M id land V i l lag e , p ap e r s p r epa red f o r a

d i scus sion s e s s ion a t t h e E conom ic H i s to ry S oc ie ty ' s a nnua l c onf e rence , L e ice s te r ,A p r i l , 1 992 ,p p . 7 3 -90 . se t 1 54 B as t ,O r ig ins o fA ng lo -Saxon K ingdoms ,p p . 2 3 -4 . se t 1 55 B as t ,' Chu r che si n Wo rce s te rb ef o r ea nd a f t e rt h ec onve r s ion o o ft h eA ng lo -Saxon s ' ,p .2 30 a nd f o tno te s . se t 1 56 S .R . B as t , p e r sona l c ommun ica t ion . Ia m i n deb ted t oD r . se t B as t f o r s ha r ing h i s v i ew s o n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l s t a tu s o f t t Woo ton Wawen a nd L eek Woo ton w h ich h ave i n f o rmed t h i s sion a t d i scus bou tt h ep l a ce -name Woo ton . 1 57 V CH , V o l . V I ,P . 1 67 . 1 58 I n a dd i t ion t ot h e t h ree h ide s i n O p tone i n 1 086 t h e h i dage s s en a sesm t so fo t he rp l a ce sw i th in t h e l a te rm ed ieva lp a r ish o fL eek t s Woo ton w e re : A show ( t wo ) , B e r ico te ( two ) , M i lve r ton ( two l e s l o ne v i rga t e ) , Woodco te ( two ) , L i l ing ton ( f ou r a nd a h a l f ) , L eam ing ton ( t wo ) ,C ubb ing ton ( t en ) -DB , 2 38b , 2 4 1c , 2 4 1d , 2 39d , 2 40c ,2 39b ,2 38d ,2 42b . 1 59 B .L . ,H a r ley 3 650 , f .3 6 -7 ,c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,M I3 92 / 1 . se t 1 6 0 S .R . B as t ,p e r sona lc ommun ica t ion . t 1 6 1 S ee C hap te rT h ree ,u nde rK en i lwo r th a nd L eek Woo ton . 1 62 G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -N ame so fW arw ick sh ire ,p p . 1 l 9 1 ,2 66 ; G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p .3 25 . I I, p 1 63 V CH , V o l . VI .4 23 . se t 1 64 S .R . B as t , p e r sona lc ommun ica t ion . se t 1 65 B as t ,' I n s e a rch o ft h e o r ig in so fA ng loS i ngdom s , p . - axon k ' 6 . 6 1 6 Wage r , E ar ly Med ieva lL and U n i t s i nt h e B irm ingham A r ea , p p . 1 77 -81 . se t 1 6 7 S l a te r , ' T he O r ig in s o f Wa rw ick ' , p p . 1 13 ; S .R . B as t , p e r sona lc ommun ica t ion . l 1 68 G e l ing ,P lace -N ame si nt h eL and scape ,p p . 2 ,1 88 . t t 1 69 W .J . F o rd , ' S ome S e t lemen t P a te rn s i nt h e C en t ra l R eg ion o f t t h e Wa rw ick sh i re A von ' , i n e d . S awye r , Med ieva l S e t lemen t : e C on t inu i ty a nd C hange ,p p . 2 74 -94 , s ep .2 82 . i 1 7 0 b id . , p p . 2 79 -80 ; t h e t h eo ry o f l o ng -d is tance t r an shumance c w i th in t h e Hw iccan k i ngdom h a s b een a cep ted b y S awye r , F rom R oman B r i ta in t oN orman E ng land , p p . 1 46 -7 , b y H ooke , A ng lo S axon L and scape so f th e W e s tM id land s : t h e C har ter E v id ence , p . l 1 49 , a nd , m o r e r e cen t ly , b y G e l ing , W e s t M id land s i nt h e E ar ly M idd l eA g e s ,p . 13 . t t 1 7 1 F o rd ,' S ome S e t lemen tP a ter n s ' ,p p . 2 79 -80 . 1 72 S ee C hap te rT h ree , u nde rL apwor th . 1 73 V CH , V o l . V ,p .1 32 . 1 74 H R ,p p . 1 65 -7 , 1 69 . t t 1 75 F o rd , ' S om eS e t lemen tP a ter n s ' ,p .2 79 . sion 1 76 T axa t io E cc le s ias t ica ( Reco rd C omm is , 1 802 ) ,p .2 42 . t t 1 77 F o rd , T he P a tern o fS e t lemen t i nt h e C en t ra lR eg ion o ft h e W arw ick sh i r eA von ,p .4 4 . sion 1 78 V a lor E cc l e s ia s t icus , V o l . I I ( Reco rd C omm is , 1 8 17 ) , p . 8 2 . 1 79 F i nbe rg ,E ar ly C har ter so f th e W es tM id land s ,p .1 77 . se t 1 80 B as t , ' T he a dm in i s t ra t ive l a nd scape o f t h e d i oce se o f Wo r ce s te r ' ,p p . 1 62 -3 . 1 8 1 H .S .A . F ox , " I n t roduc t ion : t r an shumance a nd s e a sona l t t s e t lemen t ' , e d . i d em , S ea sona l S e t lemen t , V aughan P ape r 3 9 , U n ive r s i ty o fL e ice s te rD epa r tmen to fA du l tE duca t ion ( 1 996 ) , p p . e 1 23 ,s ep p .7 -9 . e 1 82 F o r as umma ry o f s uch v i ew s , s e D ye r , ' T he R e t rea t f r om Ma rg ina lL and ' ,p p . 5-7 a nd r e f e rence sg i ven t h e re . I I, p 1 83 I t ine rar yo fJ ohn L e land ,P a r t sI -I .x x i . 1 84 i b id . ,P a r t s I Va nd V ,p .4 7 .

1 9 1 R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land , p . 1 77 r e f e r s t o t h e p opu la r e l b e l ief , b u t d i spu te s i t s o r ig in , f o r w h ich s e t h e f o low ing p a rag raph ; f o r t h e t h ir teen th s ong o f P o lyo lb ion d ea l ing w i th e Wa rw ick sh i r e a nd t h e A rden s e e d . R . H oope r , T he C omp l e te W ork so fM ichae lD ray ton ,V o l . I (1 876 ) ,p .1 44 . 1 92 S ee t h e p e t i t ion f r om t h e t e nan t s o fS t one le igh e n A rd e rne t o s t h e k i ng c . 1290 , c omp la in ing a bou t e nc lo su r e a nd a sa r t ing o f w ood land i nS tone le igh c un t re l eu sag e d e A rderne -P .R .O . , S C 8 / 269 / 13404 1 93 S ee , f o r e xamp le , D ye r , ' T he R e t r ea t f r om Ma rg ina l L and ' , p . 5 ; H i l ton , T he S oc ia l S t ruc ture o fR ura l W arw ick sh ir e i n t h e M idd le A g e s , p .1 . S ee a l so t h e p r ec i s ion o fE .S h i r ley , D ee ra nd o D ee rP ark s( 1 867 ) ,p .1 59 , f o tno te . t 1 94 S ee , f o r e xamp le , R obe r t s , S e t lemen t , L and U se a nd sim l P opu la t ion , p as ; G e l ing , W e s t M id land s i nt h e E ar ly M idd l e A g e s , p .1 3 , w he re i ti ss t a ted t h a t " A rden w a s af o r e s ti nt h e l i t e ra l s e n se " ; Wa tk in s , ' T he Wood land E conomy o ft h eF o re s t o fA rden ' , p . 1 9 , w he re i ti ss t a ted t h a t " mo s t o f Wa rw ick sh i re l y ing t ot h e l n o r th o ft h eA von V a ley w a sc ove red b yt h eF o r e s to fA rden " . 1 95 F o re xamp le , H igham ,R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h eA ng lo -Saxons , p . 7 9 . 1 96 R t obe r t s ,S e t lemen t , L and U se a nd P opu la t ion ,p .8 . 1 97 R a ckham ,A nc ien t W ood land ,p .1 77 . 1 98 Mona s t icon ,V o l . V ,p .4 82 . 1 99 i b id . 2 00 I I I nqu i s i t ions a dq uod d ampnum , N o . CXLV I ; D ugda l e , V o l . I ,p . 104 . 2 0 1 S ee C hap te rT h ree ,u nde rK en i lwor th . l 2 02 W . C amden , B r i ta in ( t ran s la ted i n to E ng l i sh b y P . H o land , 1 sim 6 10 ) ,p .5 6 1 ,5 65 ; D ugda l e ,p as . 2 03 D ugda le , V o l . I ,p .v i .

C amden ,B r i ta in ,p .5 6 1 . ugda l e ,V o l . I ,p p . 3 72 , 13 ,V o l . I ,p p . 130 ,9 57 , 1 083 . "5 D 2 06 F F ,V o l . I ,p .1 90 ; BD ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1243 /7 . 2 04

2 07

G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o fW arw ick sh i r e , p .

2 17 . W .C .R .O . , L 2 /86 . P .R .O . , S C 1 2 / 16 /22 . 2 10 W .C .R .O . , CR895 /80 / 1 . 2 11 C amden ,B r i ta in ,p .5 65 . 2 12 P .R .O . , S C 1 2 / 16 /22 . 2 13 S ee D ye ra nd B ond , C omp ton Murdak ,s e c t ion 2 . 5 . l 2 14 G e l ing ,P lace -Name si nt h eL and scape ,p p . 2 35 -7 . 2 15 i b id . ,p .2 4 1 . 2 16 Hooke , W orce s ter sh ir eA ng lo -Saxon C har te r -Bound s , p .1 76 , i c t ing T eng s t rand t , A C on t r ibu t ion t o t h e S t udy o f G en i t iva l C ompos i t ion i nO ld E ng l i sh P lace -N ame s ( Upp sa la , 1 940 ) , p p . 9 9 1 05 . 2 17 H ooke , T he A ng lo -Saxon L and scape : t h e k i ngdom o ft h e Hw icce ,p .2 05 . 2 0 8

2 09

2 18

BD .

2 19

W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/ 12 .

2 20 G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -Name s o fW arw ick sh ir e , p .

1 5 ; t h e e x is tence o f l o ng -d is tance r ou teway s h a s b een n o ted i n r e la t ion t oa leged t r an shumance w i th in t h e Hw iccan k i ngdom b y H ooke , A ng lo -Saxon L and scape s o f t h e W e s t M id land s : t h e C har ter E v id ence ,p .1 49 . 2 2 1 G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o fW arw ick sh i r e , p . 9a nd W .C .R .O . , CR284 / 1 . 2 22

l G e l ing , W e s tM id land si nt h eE ar ly M idd le A ge s ,p p . 5 7 -8 . 1 8 6 G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -N ame so fW arw ick sh ir e ,p p .

2 23

1 85

24 2

1 12 . P .R .O . ,S C8 / 269 / 13404 . t 1 88 R obe r t s ,S e t l emen t ,L and U se a nd P opu la t ion ,p .8 2 . i 1 89 b id . ,p .8 7 . i 1 9 0 b id . ,p p . 8 9 -90 .

25 2

BD .

S .B .T . , DR98 /776 . W .C .R .O . , CR895 / 19 . G ove r , Mawe r a nd S t en ton , P lace -N ame s o fW arw ick sh ir e , p .

1 5 .

1 87

C .R .O . , BA /D /K / 13 /3 . P .R .O . , E3 15 /37 /56 . 2 28 BD .

2 26

27 2

1 75

2 29

c s t F o r a ces o t h e Wa rw ick sh i r e C oun ty C ounc i l ' s S i te s a nd Monumen t s R eco rd I am i n deb ted t o M s . E . J one s , S i te a nd Monumen t s R eco rd O ff ice r . T he B ronze A ge r o und b a r row i s d e sc r ibed i nn umbe r WA811 i nt h eR eco rd . l 2 59 As ma l s t a r ti s be ing m ade a sp a r to ft h ef i e ld s u rvey i nT y soe l b e ing u nde r taken b y t h e E dge H i l P ro jec t , av o lun ta ry i n i t ia t ive w o rk ing w i th t h e Wa rw ick sh i re S i te sa nd Monumen t sR eco rd . 2 60 B as se t t , W oo t ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r e por tn umbe r4 ,p p . 1 5 -2 1 . 2 6 1 H igham ,R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h eA ng lo -Saxons ,p .1 3 1 . 2 62 I nt h eS tone P r io ry c a r tu la ry ,B .L . , C o t ton V e spa s ian E x x iv , f . 4 . 2 63 B as se t t , W oo t ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r e por tn o . 4 ,p p . 2 1 2 3 ; i d em , W oo t ton W awen P ro jec t : i n te r im r e po r t n o . 5 ,p p . 2 1 2 5 . 2 64 i d em ,p e r sona lc ommun ica t ion . 2 65 i b id . 2 66 G e l l ing ,S ignpos t st ot h eP as t ,p p . 1 00 1 .

G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -Name so fW arw ick sh ire ,p p .

2 58

8 9 . P .R .O . , E3 26 /8950 . W .C .R .O . , CR 1124 /7 . 2 32 B .L . ,C o ton C a l igu la A x i ,i f .6 5 , 7 6 , 7 9 . t i i 2 33 S .B .T . , DR 10 /534 . 2 34 B .R .L . ,6 08 ,88 1 . 2 35 H ooke , A ng lo -Saxon L and scape s o ft h e W e s t M id land s : t h e C har ter E v id ence ,p .1 49 . 2 36 C ar tu lar yo f th eA bbey o fO ld W ardon , B edf o rd sh i re H i s to r ica l R eco rd S oc ie ty , XI 1 930 ) ,p p . 2 27 , 2 30 . I I ( 2 37 i b id . ,p .2 89 . 2 38 F o r R ow ing ton a nd S h r ew ley , R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s , V o l . I ,p p . 4 56 -7 ; P a ck ing ton a nd K inwa lsey , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f . x x i i j -xxv , c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 3 92 /2 ; F rea s ley a nd K ing sbu ry , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 1316 , r o t 4 d ; C a s t le B romw ich a nd Y a rd ley , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 955 ,r o t4 r ; W idney a nd K now le , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 1245 , r o t 7 r ; S tone le igh a nd K en i lwor th , S LB , p . 1 0 1 ; K en i lwo r th a nd A show , S .B .T . , DR 10 /516 ; A lne a nd K inwa r ton , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 955 , r o t 6 r ; A l le s ley a nd C oven t ry , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 955 , r o t 1 0d ; S t one le igh a nd C oven t ry , S LB , p .1 0 1 ; B a l sa l l a nd B e rk swe l , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 1283A , r o t 7 d ; R udf en a nd B e rk swe l , l l P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 955 , r o t 1 4d ; S t one le igh a nd B e rk swe l l , S LB , p . 0 1 ; S pe rna l a nd L i t le A lne , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /AA7 / 11 l t 2 ; S pe rna l l a nd Mo r ton B ago t , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /AA2 a nd AAS / 1-3 . 2 39 F o r K en i lwo r th a nd S t one le igh , DB , 2 38b ; A le s ley a nd l C oven t ry , V CH ,V o l . V I ,p .4 . 2 40 W .C .R .O . , CR328 /22 ( Hamp ton in -A rden t ihe a wa rd ) ; B .L . , 2 30 2 31

A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 ,f .x vi opy i nW .C .R .O . ,M I3 92 /2 . i i, c 2 4 1 W .C .R .O . , CR328 /22 ; B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .x xx , xi xxi ij ,

c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,M I3 92 /2 . 2 4 2 V CH ,V o l . I V ,p p . 2 4 , 3 . 2 43 DB ,2 38b ,2 40b ,2 24a -b . 2 44 W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /AA2 . 2 45 DB ,2 42d ,2 43c . 2 46 W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box42 /AA5 / 1-3 a nd AA7 / 1-2 . 2 47 DB ,2 44a . 2 48 Ba sse t t , W oo t ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r epor t n umber 4 , p p . 1 8 -9 . 2 4 9 i b id . ,p .1 9 . 2 50 T ay lo r , V i lag e a nd F arms tead , p . 1 2 1 ; f o r al o ca l e xamp le , l

D ye r ,H anbury ,p .1 7 . 2 51 B . B e l lamy , ' Ang lo -Saxon d i spe r sed s i te s a nd w ood land a t G edd ing ton i n t h e R ock ingham F o re s t , N o r thamp ton sh i re ' , L and scape H i s tory , 1 6( 1994 ) ,p p . 3 1-7 . 2 52 S ee v o lume so ft h e W e s tM id land sA rchaeo log ica lN ew sS hee t c on t inued b y W e s t M id land s A rchaeo logy ; T ransac t ions o ft h e B i rm ingham a nd W arw ick sh i re A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty ; a nd Wa rw ick sh i re C oun ty C ounc i l ' s S i te s a nd Monumen t s R eco rd ; R oya l C omm is sion o n H i s to r ica l Monumen t s ( Eng land ) , A n I n ven tory o f t h e H is tor ica l Monumen t s i n t h e C oun ty o f se t N or thamp ton , V o l s . I -V I ( 1975 1985 ) ; S .R . B as ta nd C .C . D ye r , ' Hanbu ry , H e ref o rd a nd Wo rce s te r . D ocumen ta ry a nd F i e ld S u rvey S O 9 6 6 4 ' , W e s t M id land s A rchaeo logy , 2 3 ( 1980 ) , p p . 8 , 9 0 -9 1 , a nd 2 4 ( 198 1) , p p . 7 3 -78 . T he E dge H i l l P ro jec t , av o lun ta ry i n i t ia t ive w o rk ing i nc o -ope ra t ion w i th t h e Wa rw ick sh i r e S i te s a nd Monumen t s R eco rd , h a s r e cen t ly s t a r ted as y s tema t ic f i e ld s u rvey i nt h e p a r i sh o f T y soe ; t h e a im i st o e x tend t h e s u rvey i n d ue c ou r se t oa d ja cen tp a r ishe s . 2 53 E xamp le s i n c lude H amp ton Wood i nH amp ton L ucy , R ough H i l l Wood i nS ambour ne , K ing sbu ry Wood . 2 54 E . W i l la cy a nd R . Wa l lwo rk , ' E xp lo ra tory E xcava t ion s a ta R omano -Br i t ish s i t e i n G las s hou se Wood , K en i lwor th , 1 97 1 ' , T BW AS , 8 8( 1 976 -7 ) ,p p . 7 1-81 . 2 55 E s ta te m ap ,c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 14 1(U ) . 2 56 Wa rw ick sh i re C oun ty C ounc i l 's S i te sa nd Monumen t sR eco rd . 2 57

P .R .O . , E 315 /52 / 125 . 1 76

Chapter S ix W O O DL A N D

AN D

RE GI O N A L

VA RI A TI O NS

I n troduc t ion R eg iona l d i f e rence s i n Warw ick sh i re h ave b een r e cogn i sed f f o r c en tu r ie s . I ndeed , t h e r e g iona l v a r ie ty o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w ood land h a s b een f undam en ta l t o t h i s s t udy , w bh ich h a s s hown t h a tt h e r e w e re r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s i nw ood land i nt h e e a r ly a s w e l a s i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd t h a t t h e l d eg ree o f v a r ia t ion s e em s t o h ave c hanged o ve r t ime . A l though t h e e v idence h a s b een u sed t o mod if y e x t r eme v i ew s a bou tt h e a moun t s o fw ood land wh ich w e re p r e sen t i n d i f e ren t p a r t s o ft h e c oun ty i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod , i t f d oe s c onf i rm t h ep re sence o ff a r mo re w ood land i nt h e n o r th a nd w e s to f Wa rw ick sh i r et h an i nt h e s ou th a nd e a s t . I n sof a r a sw ood land i s conce rned , r e g iona l d i ve r s i ty i s at l e a s t a so l d a s D om e sday B ook , e ven a low ing f o r t h a t d ocum en t ' s l i mpe rf ec t ion s . T he s i tua t ion d u r ing t h e f i ve o rs i x c en tu r ie s p r eced ing t h e N o rman C onque s t i s much mo re d i ff i cu l t t o a ses u tt h e re a r e c e r ta in ly p o in te r s t or e g iona l v a r ia t ion s , s s, b

IN

T O P O G R AP H Y

Wa rw ick sh i re i so f ten r ega rded a s am ic roco sm o f t h e se c on t ra s t s a nd v a r ia t ion s . T he r e la t ion sh ip b e tween t h e p r e sen ce o r a b sence o f w ood land a nd t y p ica l f i e ld a nd s e t lem en tp a ter n s , w i th in Warw ick sh i r e a nd n a t iona ly , h a s t t l r e sum ed l i nk b een t h e s ub jec t o f s eve ra l s t ud ie s .4 A p b e tween t h e d i sappea rance o f w ood land a nd a n i n c r ea se i n c u l t iva t ion h a s l o ng b een a x ioma t ic t o s t ud ie s o f m ed ieva l s e t lem en t . I ndeed , u neven d i s t r ibu t ion o f s e t lem en t a nd t t p opu la t ion h a s o f ten b een t a ken a s t h e m a in r e a son f o r t h e d i v i s ion o f l ow land E ng land b e tween w ood land a nd c hamp ion r e g ion s . H oweve r , mo re r e cen t s t ud ie s o ft h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod h ave s hown t h a t , w h i l s t i n c rea se s i n p opu la t ion l e d t o mo r e l a nd u nde r c u l t iva t ion a nd mo r e d we l ing s , t h e se d eve lopmen t s t ok p l ace w i th in av a r ie ty o f l o n te rd i sc ip l ina ry f i e ld s y s tem s a nd s e t lemen t p a ter n s .5 I t t s t ud ie s , t o w h ich a r chxo log ica l d i scove r ie s h ave b een c r uc ia l , h ave s hown t h a t many p a r t s o f E ng land w e r e i n ten s ive ly s e t led e a r l ie r t h an w a s p r ev iou s ly t h ough t a nd t t h a t t h e i r s ub sequen t t o pog raph ica l h i s tory d i sp layed much r e g iona l a nd l o ca lv a r ie ty .6

a l be i tu nquan t if iab le , i na moun t s o fw ood land . T he r e sea r ch f o r t h i s s t udy w a s p romp ted b y d oub t s a bou t nt h e t h e a dequacy a nd a ccu racy o fs ome p ub l i shed s t ud ie s1i l i gh to fn ew t h ink ing a bou tE ng l i sh t o pog raph ica l h i s to ry . I t

T he r e su l t s o f t h e se t o pog raph ica l s t ud ie s h ave a l te red p r ev iou s t h eor ie s a bou t t h e o r ig in s o f c e r ta in a s pec t s o f r e g iona lv a r ia t ion . T hey h ave d ea l t ma in ly w i th t h e e x ten to f c u l t iva t ion , t h e o rgan i sa t ion o ff i e ld s a nd t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f h ich h ave d we l ing s . W i th s om e n o tab le e xcep t ion s ,7 w l c oncen t ra t ed o n t h e c on t r ibu t ion s o f w ood land t o l o ca l s o c ie ty a nd e conomy , w ood land h a s b een o f p e r iph e ra l i n te re s t i n a smuch a si t s d i sappea rance h a s b een u sed s imp ly a s a n i n d ica to r o f e x t ended a gr icu l tu re c on sequen t o n e xpand ing s e t lem en t . H oweve r , r e cen t t o pog raph ica l t r e sea r ch m ay h ave o t he r i mp l ica t ion s f o r t h e h i s to ry o f w ood land .

c oncen t ra t ed f i r s t ly o n s ek ing t o d ef ine t h e e x ten t a nd e n a tu r e o f t h e w ood land o f m ed ieva l Wa rw ick sh i r e . A s i t p rog res , i tw a s s t imu la ted b y ad e s i re n o t o n ly t of i nd t h e sed e v idence f o r t h a t d ef in i t ion b u t a l so t o s ek a n swe r s t ot h e e q ue s t ion s r a i sed b y t h e e v idence . T h i s c hap t e r c on s id e r s w hy t h e r e w e r e s uch r e g iona l d i f e rence s i nt h e d i s t r ibu t ion f a nd managemen t o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w ood land , w hen t h ey f i r s t a ppea r ed a nd t ow ha t e x ten t t h ey c ou ld b e e xp la ined b y r e sea r ch i n to , a nd t h eo r ie s a bou t , r e g iona l v a r ia t ion e l sewhe re i n E ng land . A s t h e e v idence f o r Wa rw ick sh i r e w a s a na ly sed i t s e emed t h a t i t m igh t m ake a s ma l l c on t r ibu t ion t owa rd st h e c on t inu ing p roces fu nde r s tand ing s o t h eh i s to ry o ft h eE ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide .

T h i s c hap te r w i l s umma r i se r e cen t r e sea r ch i n to r e g iona l l d i f e r ence s , c oncen t ra t ing o n t h e s e a rch f o r s om e f e xp lana t ion o f t h em , o r a tl e a s t f o r a n i n d ica t ion o f w hen t h ey f i r s t e m e rged . I tw i l e xam ine n o t o n ly f i e ld s y s tem s l a nd s e t lem en tp a ter n sb u ta l so w ha ti sk nown a bou tt y pe so f t t

Wood land i so n ly o ne i n d ica to r o f r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n t o pog raphy . I n t h e l ow land z one a broad d i s t inc t ion h a s b een d rawn , a t l e a s t s i n ce t h e s i x teen th c en tu ry , b e tween o pen o r' c hamp ion 'a r ea sa nd w ood land a r ea s . A na l ter n a t ive n ame f o r t h e f o rme r , t h e ' p lanned c oun t ry s id e ' , r e f lec t s t h e

l a nd u se . I tw i l t h en c on s id e r t h e i mp l ica t ion s o f t h e l r e sea r ch f o r t h e h i s to ry o fw ood land . F ina ly , i t wi l r e la t e l l t h e f md ing s o fr e cen tr e sea rch t o Wa rw ick sh i re , a nd s ugge s t h ow t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f d i f e ren t t y pe s o f w ood land m igh t f i n f o rm f u tu r er e sea r ch i n to m ed ieva lt o pog raphy .

p r e sence o f g r ea t o pen f i e ld s a nd c ompac t v i lage s i n t h e l m ed ieva l p er iod a nd t h e e nc lo su re o ft h o se f i e ld s a nd o t he r c ommon l a nd i nt h e mod er np e r iod . Ano the r n am e f o r t h e

T he s umma ry b eg in sw i th t h e d eba te a bou tt h e o r ig in s o fo ne o ft h e m o s t s t r ik ing a nd w e l -known a spec t s o ft h e m ed ieva l l E ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide , o pen f i e ld s , f o r t h a t r e sea r ch e ncompas s m any o f t h e a r gumen t s w h ich h ave b een se

l a t e r , t h e ' a n c ien t c oun t ry s ide ' , i mp l ie s mo r e c on t inu i ty i n t t o pog raph ica l f e a tu re s , a nd i s a soc ia ted w i th s c a t e red s t d we l ing s , l i nked b y w ind ing l a ne s , am id s t s ma l a r ea s o f l l i la r o pen f i e ld s a nd e n c lo sed c r of t s i n te r spe r sed w i th regu opog raph ica l s t ud ie sh ave r evea led i nf in i t e v a r ie ty w ood s .2 T

a dvan ced i n t r y ing t o d e term ine t h e o r ig in s o f r e g iona l d i f e r ence s . f

w i th in t h i s b road d i s t in c t ion a nd c omb ina t ion s o f d i f e r en t f t y pes o ff i e ld s y s tem a nd s e t lemen tp a ter nw i th in al o ca l i ty . t t T o c onvey t h e r i chnes f t h a t v a r ie ty , a nd i t s e conom ic , s o s o c ia l a nd c u l tu ra l d im en s ion s , s cho la r s o f ten u se t h e F r ench 3 w o rd p ay s. 1 77

F ie ld s y s tem sa nd o pen f i e ld s

much s ho r t e rf u r long s w h ich a r e f am i l ia rf r om e a r thwo rk s o f r i dge a nd f u row s urv iv ing i nt h e E ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide . T he r f r equen t c o r e la t ion b e tween t h e n umbe r s o f t e nan t s ' r h o ld ing s i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd t h e h i dage s a t r ibu ted t o m ano r s i n D om e sday B ook h a s b een u sed t o t a r gue t h a t t h e r e o rgan i sa t ion h ad t a ken p l ace b ef o re 1 086 .

T he h i s to ry o ff i e ld s y s tem s a nd p a r t icu la r ly o f o pen f i e ld s h a sb een o ne o ft h e mo s tp opu la r , e ndu r ing a nd c on t rove r s ia l th a sb een v exed s ub jec t s i nE ng l i sh t o pog raph ica l s t ud ie s .8 I b y p rob lem s o f d ef in i t ion . I th a s b een c omp l ica t ed b y a temp t s t oe xp la in s imu l taneou s ly b o th t h e p henomenon o f t

O pen f i e ld s w e re l o ca ted a r ound v i lage s , w h ich s em t o l e S im i la r h ave r e p laced a d i spe r sed s e t lem en t p a t e rn .1 t t r e sea r ch h a sb een u nde r taken e l sewhe r e i nt h e E a s tM id land s a nd i nY o rk sh i re , w i th l i ke r e su l t s , a l though i ns ome a r ea s ,

o pen f i e ld s a nd t h e g eog raph ica l d i s t r ibu t ion o f d i f e ren t f f i e ld s y s tem s . S om es cho la r sh ave t r ea ted a so pen f i e ld s a ny f i e ld si n wh ich s eve ra l p eop le h e ld u nf enced o r u nd i tched s t r ip s o f l a nd ,

s, i s uch a s H o lder n es ti sc on s ide red t h a t t h e r eo rgan i sa t ion 2 d i dn o tt a ke p l ace u n t i lt h ee l even th o rt we lf th c en tu ry .1

r e ga rd les f t h e s i ze o f t h e f i e ld s a nd t h e w ay i n w h ich s o s t r ip s w e re d i s t r ibu ted w i th in a nd a mong s t t h em . O the r s h ave f o lowed a n ar r d ef in i t ion , c l as y ing a s o pen l rowe sif

T he a r ch z eo log ica l r e sea rch f l ia ly d i spo sed o f t h e o l d i l a sump t ion t h a t o pen -f i e ld s y s tem s w e r e b rough t t oE ng land s

f i e ld s t h a t t y pe o f s ubd iv ided f i e ld c a led t h e ' M id land l y s tem ' . T h ey h ave r ega rded t h i s s y s tem a s d i s t inc t ive s

b y A ng lo -Saxon i mm ig ran t s i nt h e f i f th a nd s i x th c en tu r ie s , o r w e r e d eve loped b y s u ch s e t le r s i n t h e p roces f t s o

e nough t o p l ace i ti n a ca t ego ry o f i t s o wn a nd t o s ek a e s p ec ia l e xp lana t ion o fi t so r ig in s . Many p ar i she s o rt own sh ip s i nt h e m id land s , n or th -ea s t a nd p ar t s o fs ou the rn E ng land h ad i nt h e l a te rm ed ieva l a nd e a r ly moder n p e r iod s t wo , o r t h ree , g r ea t f i e ld s , w h ich t o ge the r o ccup ied mo s t o f t h e p a r i sh o r t own sh ip . E ach f i e ld c on ta ined g roup s o f s t r ip s , g ene ra ly c a led f u r long s . l l T enan t s h e ld i n t e rm ing led s t r ip s w h ich w e re d i s t r ibu ted e ven ly b e tween t h ef i e ld s s ot h a te ach y ea ro ne f i e ld c ou ld b e l e f t f a low w h i l s t e n su r ing t h a t e ach t e nan t c ou ld c u l t iva te a l f a i rp ropo r t ion o fh i s l a nd . T he f a low f i e ld p rov ided al a rge l a r ea o fc o mmon g raz ing . T he re c ou ld b e f l ex ib le c r opp ing w i th in f i e ld s , b u t t h e c ommon g r az ing o f a w ho le , f a low l

c ommuna l l a nd c l ea rance o n a r iva l i na n a ly t h ick ly r leged w ooded c oun t ry . C on t inen ta l r e sea r ch h ad a l ready s hown t h a tt h eM id land s y s tem w a sn o tt ob e f o und t h e re a tt h e t ime o ft h e m ig ra t ion s t oB r i ta in . I3 A s e xp la ined i nt h e p r ev iou s c hap t e r , a r chxo log ica l r e sea rch a l so l e d t o t h e c onc lu s ion t h a t E ng l i sh speak ing i mm ig ran t s c am e t o al a nd w h ich w a s a l ready o ccup ied a nd c u l t iva ted b y an a t ive B r i t i sh speak ing p opu la t ion . T he i mm ig ran t s ' l i ngu i s t ic d om inan ce i s th ough t t oh ave b een a ch ieved b y t h e i r p o l i t ica l , s o c ia l a nd c u l tu ra l i n f luence r a the r t h an b y n ume r ica l s upe r io r i ty , f o r , a l though t h e re w e r e p robab ly m any i mm ig ran t s , t h ey a ppea r n one the les oh ave b een g r ea t ly o u tnumbe r ed b y t h e n a t ive s t p opu la t ion .

T he c u l tu ra l e v idence , i n t h e f o rm o f p agan

b u r ia l s , i s st ronge s ti nt h e e a s to fE ng land , a l though t h e re a r e s i gn if ican t g ap s i n t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f s u ch c eme t e r ie s i n 4 O ve r much o fs ou th -ea s t E ng land t h e s ou th -ea s t E ng land .1

f i e ld o n ar e gu la r b a s i s w a s s t r ic t ly r e gu la ted b y t h e t e nan t s a c t ing c ommuna ly . C ommon g r az ing c ou ld b e f ound i n l o t he r t y pe s o fo pen f i e ld s , b u t t h i s m igh t b e s e a sona l o rn o t c l o se ly r e gu la ted ; a nnua l f a low ing o f a n e n t i re f i e ld l o ccupy ing ah a lf o r at h i rd o ft h e t own sh ip ' s a r ab le w a s t h e k ey f e a tu re o f t h e s y s tem . F o r t h i s r e a son s om e h ave

l a rge o pen f i e ld s o ft h e M id land s y s t em a r e a b sen t o rn o t a t y p ica l f e a tu r e . A rchwo log ica l r e sea rch h a s n o t mad e t h e s am e a dvance s i n t r ac ing t h e c h rono logy o f t h e s ma le r , i la r , o pen o r l regu c ommon f i e ld s w h ich e x i s ted i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod . Much t h a t h a s b een w r i ten a bou t t h e se f i e ld s l a ck s t h e t i n f o rma t ion w h ich s y s tema t ic f i e ld s u r vey m igh t p rov ide .1 5 H oweve r , a si ti s gene ra ly b e l ieved t h a t s ubd iv ided f i e ld s o f l

h i s t e rm w a s u sed i n p ref er h e t e rm ' c ommon f i e ld s ' .9 T red t t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod , a l though i th a s b een d e sc r ibed a s " ve ry r a r e " b ef o re t h e e nd o ft h e f ou r teen th c en tu ry . 1° T he f i e ld s o fo the r o pen -f ie ld s y s tem s w e re s ma le r a nd , d e sp i t e l b e ing mo re n um e rou s , o ccup ied i nt o ta ll e s o ft h e l a nd . T he s s t r ip s o f l a nd h e ld b y i n d iv idua l s m igh t f o rm c ompac t h o ld ing s i n o ne o r t wo f i e ld s , r a the r t h an b e ing e ven ly d i v id ed b e tween a lt h e f i e ld s i nt h et own sh ip . l

v a r iou s t y pe s w e re a lmo s t u b iqu i tou s i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l 6 i t can b e s ugge s ted t h a t t h e s ma l , i la r , o pen p er iod ,1 l regu f i e ld s f am i l ia r f r om l a t e r m ed ieva l d ocumen t s h ad e a r ly m ed ieva l o r ig in s a nd p r eceded t h e l a rge o pen f i e ld s , w h ich r e p laced t h em i n s om e t own sh ip s . I f t h i s c h rono log ica l s equen ce i s a ted i ts ugge s t s t h a t t h e f a c to r s w h ich ccep

E s tab l i sh ing t h e c h rono logy o f f i e ld s y s tem s d oe s n o t i n i t s e lf r evea l t h e r e a son s f o r t h e p a r t icu la r f o rm s wh ich d eve loped , b u t i s ap re requ i s i te t o as e a r ch f o r t h o se r e a son s . I nt h e l a s t t wo d ecade s d eba te o ve rt h e c h rono logy

p rec ip i ta ted t h e d eve lopmen t o f t wo l a rge , o pen f i e ld s i n s om e t own sh ip s w e re a b sen t i n w ho le o r i n p a r t f r om

o f t h e M id land s y s tem h a s b een t r an sf o rm ed b y a r ch o log ica l r e sea rch . S om e w ide sp read a nd t h o rough

t own sh ip s

w ho se

i la r ly regu

s ubd iv ided

f i e ld s

e s caped

r e o rgan i sa t ion . I nt h a t c a se s ome r e g iona l d i f e rence s mu s t f h ave p r eced ed t h er e gu la ro pen f i e ld so ft h eM id land s y s tem .

s u rvey s o f k nown f o rme r o pen f i e ld s i n N or thamp ton sh i re h ave s hown t h a t t h e f u r long s w e re l a id o u t o ve r o l d f i e ld b ounda r ie s a nd f o rme r s e t lemen t s i t e s . T h e p o te ry w h ich t t

Much a ten t ion h a s b een p a id t o t h e p roce ss b y w h ich t h e t M id land s y s tem e m e rged a s w e l a s t h e r e a son s f o r i t s l c r ea t ion . T he a r chxo log ica l e v idence i s aga in s tt h e t h eo ry o f e vo lu t ion w h ich w a s o nce p ropound ed ." O ne o f t h e d i s t inc t ive c ha rac te r i s t ic s o f l a rge , r e gu la r , o pen f i e ld s ,

w a s f ound o n t h e s e t lemen t s i te s s howed t h a tt h ey h ad b een t a bandon ed b ef o re w hee l -made p o te ry b ecame c ommon t f r om c . 900 . I t s em s , t h e ref o re , t h a t t h e f a rm land o f e N o r thamp ton sh i re mu s t h ave b een r e o rgan i sed f r om a bou t t h e l a t e n in th c en tury o nwa rd s . T h e n ew o pen f i e ld s s em t o e h ave b een a l te red a f te r t h e i r f o rma t ion , w i th l o ng f u r long s , o ve r am i le i n l e ng th , b e ing s ub sequen t ly d i v ided i n to t h e

c ommuna l r e gu la t ion b y t h e u se r s , h a s a l so b een u sed t o a r gue a ga in s ta ne vo lu t iona ry d eve lopmen ta nd t h u s s uppo r t s t h e c on c lu s ion s d r awn f r om a r chxo log ica le v idence » 1 78

I th a sb een c l a im ed t h a tt h e v ery c ha rac te r i s t ic s o ft h e s y s tem p o in t t o ad emand f o r g r az ing c omb ined w i th as hor tage o f 9 I t p e rmanen tp a s tu re a st h e k ey f a c to r s i ni t sd eve lopmen t .1 h a s b een a r gued t h a t p ermanen t p a s tu re w a s r e duced b y

s ubd iv ided f i e ld s i n to l a rge , r e gu la r , o pen f i e ld s , m ay h ave o r ig ina t ed i n o ne p ar t icu la r p l ace o r t e r i to ry a nd s p r ead r b ecau se t h e c ha rac ter i s t ic s o f t h e s y s tem m e t t h e p e r ce ived a gr icu l tu ra ln eed s o fo t he rp l ace s .

c onve r s ion t oa r ab le l a nd , a nd b y t h e l o s o fa ol o ca l s cces s t o rd e tached a r ea s o fw ood p a s tu re , u n t i l w ha t r ema ined w a s i n adequa te i n q uan t i ty a nd d i ff i cu l t t o f e nce a nd c on t ro l . T h i s t h eo ry a sum e s t h a t l a rge o pen f i e ld s w e re f o rm ed f r om s

I th a s b een s ugge s ted t h a t t h e h i s tory o f a re g ion ' s s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e m igh t h ave b een a d ec i s ive f a c to r i n t h e

e x i s t ing a r ea s o fa r ab le o rp a s tu r e r a the r t h an b y e xpand ing a g r icu l tu re o ve r o t he r l a nd . I tt h e ref o r e r e ga rd s t h e a b sence o f l a rge a r ea s o f s u rp lu s l a nd , i n t h e f o rm o fh ea th , moo r , m a r sh o rw ood land , a s ap recond i t ion f o rt h e a dop t ion o ft h e M id land s y s t em . I t i mp l ie s t h a t t h e re w e r e r e g iona l

w e s te rn E ng land , a r e la t ive ly p eacef u l t r an s i t ion f r om R omano -B r i t i sh g ove rnm en t t o t h e E ng l i sh k ingdom s p ro t ec ted t h ek in -ba sed s o c ie ty w h ich c ha rac te r i sed I r on A ge

6 I th a s b een c l a im ed t h a t i n d eve lopm en t o f o pen f i e ld s .2 s ome r e g ion s , p a r t icu la r ly i nt h e s ou th -ea s t , E a s t A ng l ia a nd

a nd R oman B r i ta in , w he r ea s i n o t he r r e g ion s t h a t s o c ia l s t ruc tu re w a s w eakened d u r ing p ha se s i n t h e p roces s

d i f e r en ce s i nt o pog raphy i n l ow land E ng land b ef o re o pen f f i e ld s a ppea r ed . T he l o g ica l c onc lu s ion i st h a t o pen f i e ld s m ay h ave i n t en s if i ed r e g iona l d i f e rence s b u t d id n o t i n i t ia te f t h em .

w he reby E ng l i sh speak ing p eop le g a ined p o l i t ica l c on t ro l . I n t h e m id land s a nd n o r th -ea s t , f o r e xamp le , t h e p o l i t ica l p roces a s a leged ly mo r e v i o len t a nd mo re d i srup t ive o f s w l t h e e x i s t ing s oc ia l o rde r , c r ea t ing as i tua t ion i nw h ich t h o se

I t ha s a l so b een c l a im ed t h a t ad emand f o r a dd i t iona l a r ab le o rp a s tu re w ou ld n o t h ave b een e nough i ni t s e lf t op e r suade i ndependen tp ea san t s v o lun tar i ly t os u r end e r t h e i r f r eedom . r I th a sb een a r gued i n s tead t h a t whe r e a r ab le a nd p a s tu re w e re

w ho c u l t iva ted t h e l a nd l o s t much i n dependence a s l o ca l l o rd sh ip d eve loped a nd i n c r ea sed t h eb u rden s o nt h em . T he r e la t ion sh ip b e tween t h e a leged i n s tab i l i ty o f e a r ly l m ed ieva l s o c ie ty a nd t h e o r ig in s o ft h e M id land f i e ld s y s tem

i n s ho r t s upp ly t h e i n t roduc t ion o f l a rge o pen f i e ld s w a s s t imu la ted o rf a c i l i ta ted b y s t rong l o ca l l o rd sh ip . I t ha s a l so b een s ugge s t ed t h a t s uch l o rd sh ip w a s a n i n d i rec t i nf luence

r ema in s as ub jec t o f d eba te .

H oweve r , t h e n a tu re o f e a r ly

m ed ieva l s oc ie ty i s f undamen ta l t o t h e h i s tory o f f i e ld y s tem s i na no the rr e spec t . T he v e ry e x i s t ence o fs ubd iv ided s f i e ld s i s u sua ly a t r ibu t ed t o t h e c u s tom o f p ar t ib le l t i n he r i tance . I f t wo -f i e ld s y s tem s w e re f o rmed b y r e o rgan i s ing i la r ly s ubd iv ided f i e ld s , t h e s t r ip s o f t h e regu

o n t h e o rgan i sa t ion o f f i e ld s y s t em s . B y i mpo s ing h eavy d u t ie s o r d ue s l o rd s m ay h ave e n cou raged f a rme r s t og row mo re g r a in a nd i mpe led t h em i n to c ommuna l a c t ion , l i n c lud ing t h e m ax imum e ff i c iency i nt h e u se o fa n ima l s f o r p lough team s ,t om ax im i se p roduc t ion . 2°

n ew s y s tem c an b e i n t e rp r e ted a s p e rpe tua t ing t h e c on sequence s o f r e pea ted d i v i s ion o f l a nd b e tween a l t h e l

I th a sb een b o th a r gued , a nd d i spu ted ,2 1 t h a t s t rong l o rd sh ip , i nt h e f o rm o ft own sh ip s u nde r t h e c on t ro l o f as i ng le l o rd a nd w i th r e la t ive ly f ew f r eeho lde r s , w a s mo re c ha rac te r i s t ic

c h i ld ren o f al a ndho lde r . I t is th e ref o re n eces ry t oe xp la in sa n o t o n ly t h e d ec i s ion t or e o rgan i se b y c r ea t ing t wo c ommon f i e ld s b u t a l so t h e e x i s tence o fs ubd iv id ed f i e ld s i nt h e f i r s t p l ace .

o f r e g ion s w he r e o pen f i e ld s p redom ina ted i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod . C onve r se ly , ' wood land ' r e g ion s h ave b een a soc ia ted w i th a p reponde rance o f f r eeho ld t e nan t s s c u l t iva t ing e n c lo sed f i e ld s a nd e ngaged a l so i n n on H oweve r , t h e r e w e re h i gh a gr icu l tu ra l o ccupa t ion s .2 p ropo r t ion s o ff r ee t e nu r e s i np ar t s o fe a s te rn E ng land w i th 3 I n H e r tf o rd sh i re a nd o pen f i e ld s , s u ch a s L inco ln sh i r e .2 s n or th -we s t E sex t h e re w e re r e la t ive ly f ew f r eeho lde r s , y e t 4 t h e se r e g ion s w e re n o t c ha rac te r i sed b y g r ea t o pen f i e ld s .2 I nt h e a b sen ce o fd e ta i led i n f o rma t ion a bou t mo s t i n d iv idua l t own sh ip s af ew h und red y ea r s b ef o r e D ome sday B ook w a s c omp i led , i ti sd i ff i cu l t f o r t h e p roponen t o fe i the r a r gumen t t o p rove t h e c a se . R eco rd s o f f r ee t e nan t s i n D ome sday

T he o r ig in s o fp a r t ib le i n her i tance a r e t h e ref o re c r uc ia lt ot h e h i s tory o ff i e ld s y s tem s . I ti s no tk nown w h e the r t h e c u s tom w a s c ommon b ef o re t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , w he the r s ubd iv ided f i e ld s r e p re sen t ed a c on s tan t p roces o f s a ma lgama t ion a nd r e d i s t r ibu t ion o f l a nd a cco rd ing t o i n d iv idua l p a te rn s o f m ar nd f e r t i l i ty , o r w he the r t riage a p ar t ib le i n he r i tance r e p laced o the r c u s tom s w h ich h ad f a vou red l a nd h o ld ing s i n t h e f o rm o f g roup s o f d i sc r e t e f i e ld s o r c r of t s . W i th t h e r e su l t s o f a r chxo log ica l r e sea rch a nd t o pog raph ica la na ly s i s , i tc an n ol onge rb e a r gued t h a ta l

B ook h ave b een u sed a s e v idence o f r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n s oc ie ty b y 1 086 , b u t i th a s a l so b een s hown t h a t D ome sday

e nc lo sed f i e ld s w e r e r e s t r ic ted t ol a nd w h ich w a s c l ea r ed i n t h e c en tu r ie s a f t e r t h e d eve lopmen t o fo pen f i e ld s . R a th e r i t i sn eces ry t o a ccep t t h e p os i l i ty t h a t s ome m ay h ave sa sib

B ook w a s n o t c on s i s ten t i n i t s r e co rd s o f t e nan t s a nd t h a t fo e e n t r ie s f o r s ome c oun t ie s , s uch a s S t af rd sh i re , s em t o 5 t h ave om i ted s ome g roup so ft e nan t s .2

p r eda ted o pen f i e ld s a nd m ay e ven h ave b een i n he r i ted f r om t h e R omano -Br i t i sh p e r iod . I n t h e a b sence o f e v idence f o r t h e o rgan i sa t ion o f c u l t iva t ion i n R omano -Br i t i sh f i e ld s ,2 7 t h i s p os i l i ty i sc on jec tu ra l . H oweve r , i ft h e re w e r e s u ch sib c on t inu i ty , i t w ou ld b e n eces ry t o c on s ide r w he the r sa m ed ieva l e nc lo sed f i e ld s h ad e ve r b een s ubd iv ided a nd , i f t h ey h ad , w hy t h es ubd iv i s ion h ad n o tb een m a in ta ined .

E x t er n a l i n f luen ce s m ay h ave a f ec ted t h e p r ec i se f o rm o f f t h e r e o rgan i sa t ion o ff i e ld s . T he u n if o rm i ty o f t h e s y s tem , e spec ia ly t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f t e nan t s ' h o ld ing s w i th in t h e l f i e ld s a nd f u r long s i n ar egu la r o rde r , s ugge s t s t h a t i t s r e p l ica t ion m ay h ave f o lowed t h e s p read o f a n i d ea . T he l e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod d emon s t ra t e s t h e p owe r o f i d ea s i n o t h e r a spec t s o f i t s h i s tory , s uch a s t h e i n f luence o f t h e C hu rch a nd t h ed eve lopmen to ft h ei n s t i tu t ion o fk ing sh ip . I t i s t h e ref o re p os le t h a t t h e i d ea o f r e o rgan i s ing s ma l , sib l 1 79

T he h i s tory o ff i e ld s y s tem s h a s b een o ve r shadowed b y t h e s e a r ch f o r t h e o r ig in s o fo ne p a r t icu la r s y s t em , o pen f i e ld s . T he a va i lab le e v idence , w h ich i sf a r f r om a dequa t e , a nd t h e l t h eo r ie s a dvanced s ugge s t t h a t o pen f i e ld s , i n a l t h e i r v a r ie ty , w e r e t h e p roduc t o f p a r t icu la r c omb ina t ion s o f

c i rcum s tan ce s . P e r s i s ten t a sm any h i s to r ian s h ave b een , i ti s d i ff i cu l t t o s u s ta in a n a r gumen t f o r as i ng le c au se o r

A r chxo log ica l r e sea rch i n c er ta in c oun t ie s h a s s hown t h a t d i spe r sed s e t lemen t w a s t h e t y p ica l f o rm o fr u ra l h ab i ta t ion t d u r ing t h e I r on A ge a nd R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod s a nd t h a t i t

e xp lana t ion . T h i s s t udy d oe s n o t a temp t t o o f e r t h e t f d ef in i t ive e xp lana t ion w h ich h a s e l uded s o m any o the r s . H oweve r , r e sea rch i n to r eg iona l v a r ia t ion s i n f i e ld s y s tem s

p e r s i s ted , t h ough n o t n eces r i ly a tt h e s am e d en s i ty o r o n sa t h e s am e s i te s , d u r ing t h e f i r s t f ew c en tu r ie s o f t h e e a r ly 1 I n E sex , s c a te red d we l ing s c on t inued m ed ieva l p e r iod .3 s t l a s t h e m a in f o rm o f h ab i ta t ion t h roughou t t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod , b u t i nN o r thamp ton sh i r e t h ey w e re l a rge ly r e p la ced b y ap a ter no fv i lage s a nd h am le t s . D i spe r sed s e t lemen t i s t l t

c an h e lp i nt h e i n te rp re ta t ion o ft h ee v idence f o rw ood land . T ha t r e sea r ch c on f i rm s t h e e x i s t ence o f a n a nc ien t c oun t ry s ide , a l be i t w i th r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s i ni t s h i s to ry , i n w h ich l a nd h ad b een d i v ided a nd f i e ld s l a id o u t l o ng b ef o r e

n o l o nge r t h ough t t o b e e xc lu s ive ly , o r e ven m a in ly , a c on sequence o f ' l a te ' s e t lemen t o r ' c o lon iza t ion ' i n t w ood land . H oweve r , t h e p rec i se f o rm s o f t h e d i spe r sa l d i sp layed c on s ide rab le v ar ia t ion s , r eg iona ly a nd l o ca ly , l l w h ich a ppea r t o b e l i nked w i th p a r t icu la r p ha se s o f s e t lemen t . T h ree e xamp le s o f t h e d e ta i led r e sea rch w h ich t

t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd i n w h ich t h e d ef in i t ion o f i n d iv idua l w ood s c ou ld h ave h ad a sim i la r c h rono logy . I t a l so s ugge s t s t h a t t h e f o rma t ion o f r e gu la r o pen f i e ld s f o lowed a nd i n ten s if ied e x i s t ing r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s i n l t o pog r aphy , w h ich c ou ld h ave i n c luded v a r iab le a moun t s o f

h a sb een u nder taken i s t ra te t h ep o in t . lu

w ood land . F u r thermo re , i t as sume s t h a t t h i s a nd o t he r f i e ld y s t em s w e re d i v ided b e tween i nd iv idua l f a rm ing f am i l ie s s w ho c u l t iva ted t h e p a r t icu la r p or t ion o f l a nd a loca ted t o l

T he c ha lky b ou lde r -c lay p l a teau w h ich e x t end s n or th e a s twa rd s f r om H e r tf o rd sh i re t h rough n or th -we s t E sex i n to s S uf lk a nd s ou th No rf o lk l a ck s t h e l a rge o pen f i e ld s o ft h e fo ' M id land s y s tem ' b u t o t herw i se d i sp lay s a va r ie ty o f f i e ld y s tem s a nd s e t lemen tp a t er n s . Med ieva l s e t lem en ta r ound s t t t g r een s a nd c ommon sw a s mo r e f r equen t i nt h e n o r th a nd e a s t 2 O n t h e c l ay land s o f e a s t S uf lk 3 s u ch a o f t h e a r ea .3 fo

t h em . T h i s t r ad i t ion o f w ha t i n l a te r c en tu r ie s c ou ld b e c a led p ea san t f a rm ing h a s i mp l ica t ion s f o r t h e d i v i s ion a nd l u se o fo t he rt y pe s o fl a nd . S et t tlemen T h i s s t udy h a s a l ready r e f er ot h e a soc ia t ion , i nt h e l a te r red t s

s e t lemen t p a ter n i st h ough t t o h ave b egun i n t h e n i n th o r t t

m ed ieva l p e r iod , b e tween c er ta in t y pe s o f f i e ld s y s tem a nd s e t lemen t p a t e rn . Med ieva l s e t lemen t h a s b een d i v ided t t t i n to t wo b road t y pe s , n uc lea ted a nd d i spe r sed . N uc lea ted s e t lem en t h a s b een e qua ted t o v i lage s , a nd d i spe r sed t l s e t lem en t t o s c a te red f a rm s tead s o r h am le t s . S tud ie s o f t t m ed ieva ls e t lem en th ave r evea led t h a tw i th in t h e se t wo v e ry t b road t y pe st h e r ew a sc on s ide rab le v a r ie ty .

t e n th c en tu ry , l o ng a f te rt h e a bandonm en to fR omano -Br i t i sh d we l ing s i nt h e a r ea , a nd t oh ave c on t inued t h rough t ot h e l t h i r teen th c en tu ry . T he l i ne s o f R oman r oad s s u r v ive i n te rm i ten t ly o n t h e c l ay land s , i nd ica t ing c on t inu i ty o f u se t o fs om e o ft h e l a nd d e sp i te t h e i n f er b sence o fd we l ing s red a l f o r s eve ra l c en tu r ie s . T h e s e t lem en t s w h ich d eve loped t a r ound t h e g r een s a nd c ommon s a r e d e scr ibed a s s e conda ry 4 i nc on t ra s t w i th p r ima ry s e t lemen t s o n t h e v a ley g r ave l s .3 t l t l S e t lemen t o n t h e c l ay land s a nd i n t h e v a ley s b e low w a s d i spe r sed .

I nt h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod v i lage s w e re t h e u sua l f o rm o f l s e t lemen ti nr e g ion sw he re o pen f i e ld sp r edom ina ted a nd , a s t a l r eady i n d ica ted , s em t oh ave b een f o rm ed a sp a r t o ft h e e r eo rgan i sa t ion o ff i e ld s . T he c r ea t ion o fl a rge o pen f i e ld s i n N or thamp ton sh i re w a s a ccompan ied b yt h e a bandonm en tn o t o n ly o f i nd iv idua l s e t lemen t s b u t a l so o f a d i spe r sed t 8 A s im i la r d eve lopmen t h a s b een s e t lem en t p a tern .2 t t d i scer n ed i n t h e f i e ldwo rk w h ich f o lowed t h e e x ten s ive l e xcava t ion s a t Whar e r cy i n Y o rk sh i re a nd s e t t h e ram P 9 r e su l t s o ft h o se e xcava t ion s i nt h e i r t o pog raph ica l c on tex t .2 T he g r ound p l an s o fv i lage s i ns ome p a r t s o fE ng land a r e s o l r e gu la ra st os ugge s t ac omp le te r e p lann ing a s as i ng le e ven t . O the r s , s u ch a s t h o se i n Nor thamp ton sh i re , a r e i la r , regu s ugge s t ing t h a t s ma le r n uc le i o f s e t lemen t e xpanded , o r l t moved , a nd c oa le sced ; s ome g roup s o f d we l ing s w i th in a l v i lage m igh th ave b een b u i l tt o ar e gu la rp l an i nt h ep roces l s o fs e t lem en t g row th o r s h if t . D e ta i led r e sea rch i n to v i lage t l p l an s a nd s i te s o f ten r e vea l s ap roces fs u cces hange s s o sive c he i n hab i tan t s o f s om e p a r i she s o ve r m any c en tu r ie s . 3° T w e r e c on cen t ra ted i n as i ng le v i lage ; o t he r p a r i she s h ad a l c en t ra l v i lage a nd s eve ra l h am le t s , e ach o fw h ich s em s t o l e h ave h ad i t s own f i e ld s y s tem . S e t lem en t p a ter n s i nr e g ion s o rp a r i she s w he r e o pen f i e ld s t t w e r e a b sen t , o rw e re s ma l a nd i la r , w e re c omp lex , n o t l regu o n ly i nt h e i rf o rm sb u ta l so i nt h e i rh i s to ry . S e t lem en tc ou ld t

l t B edf o rd sh i re h a s am ix tu re o f b o th v i lage s a nd s c a te r ed t s e t lem en t s . I n c en t ra l a nd n or th -ea s t B edf o rd sh i re a r chxo log ica l r e sea rch h a s i d en t if ied e x t en s ive R omano t t t B r i t i sh s e t lemen t . H oweve r , t h e d i spe r sed s e t lem en tp a ter n t c anno t b e a t r ibu ted s imp ly t o ac on t inua t ion o f aR omano t t B r i t i sh p a ter nn o r t oa n e xpan s ion o fs e t lemen t o ve r w ood l o rw a s te d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod . T he r e a r e w e l t r e sea rched c a se s o f s e t lemen t e xpand ing i n t h e t we lf th t c en tu ry i n ad i spe r sed p a ter no ve r f o rm e ra r ab le l a nd a sp a r t t o f ar e o rgan i sa t ion o f s e t lemen t w h ich a ccompan ied a n e xpan s ion o f c u l t iva t ion o ve r f o rm e r w ood land n ea rby . t t T he ref o r e d i spe r sed s e t lem en t wh ich c an b e a t r ibu ted t ot h e sa s l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod i sn o t n eces r i ly t o b e a soc ia t ed d i rec t ly w i th t h e s i te s o f f o rme r w ood s . I t h a s b een s ugge s ted t h a t s im i la r c onc lu s ion s m igh t b e r e ached i f s y s tema t ic s u rvey sw e r eu nde r taken i no t he rc oun t ie s .3 5 H anbu ry i n Wo rce s te r sh i re i s on t h e e dge o ft h e w ood ed a r ea o ft h e c oun ty . I tw a s c ha rac te r i sed b y e x t en s ive , d i spe r sed t s e t lemen t i n t h e R omano -Br i t ish p er iod , b u t f ew o f t h e r R omano -B r i t i sh s i te s c o re spond t o k nown m ed ieva l l t t d we l ing s . T he l a te rw e re a l so s c a te red o ve r t h e p a r i sh , b u t l m any w e re b u i l t a r ound ' e nd s ' o r ' g reen s ' . T he d we l ing s a r ound t h e f o rme r w e re mo s t ly c u s toma ry t e nu r e s , t h o se

b e e n t i r e ly d i spe r sed o r c ou ld i n c lude am ix tu r e o fv i lage s l a nd s c a t e red f a rm s tead s . T he s i te s o f i n d iv idua l d we l ing s t l w e r e c hanged , b u t o f ten p e rpe tua ted d i spe r sa l .

t a r ound t h e l a te r f r eeho ld ing s , s ugge s t ing t h a t t h ey b e longed f t 6 N o a r chxo log ica l t o d i f e ren t p ha se s o f s e t lemen t .3 1 80

i n ve s t iga t ion h a s b een u nde r tak en t o e s tab l i sh t h e c h rono logy o f e i the r t y pe o f s i t e i n t h i s i n s t an ce , b u t t h e B ed f o rd sh i r e r e sea r ch d e sc r ibed a bove p o in t s t o as im i la r a so c ia t ion b e tween p a r t i cu la rt y pe s o ft e nu r e a nd p h a se s o f s 7 s e t l em en t .3 t

a nd p a s tu r e . T h e s e a rch f o r t h e o r ig in s o f r e g iona l d i f e r ence s i nt h e m ed ieva l c oun t ry s id e h a s b ampe r ed f een h b y l a ck o f k now ledge n o t o n ly a bou t t h e t y pe s o f f i e ld y s t em s wh ich p r eced ed o pen f i e ld s ( whe th e rl a rge o rs m a l ) s l b u ta l so a bou tt h ek i nd o fa g r icu l tu r ep r a c t i sed i nt h em .

B ef o r et h e i n t roduc t ion o fo pen f i e ld sa nd a soc ia t ed v i lage s s l t h e r e i sn o e v id en ce o ft h e r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i ns e t l em en t t p a t e rn s w h ich i sf am i l ia r f r om t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod . t H ow eve r , i tc anno t b e i n f er h a t r e g iona l v a r ie ty w a s red t u nknown . T h e a ppa r en tu n ive r sa l i ty o fd i spe r sed s e t l em en t t w a s n o tn eces r i ly m a t ched b y u n if o rm i ty o ff i e ld s y s t em s . sa A s i nt h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod , d i spe r sed s e t lem en t c ou ld t h ave c oex i s t ed w i th s ubd iv id ed f i e ld s o f i la r f o rm o r regu w i th e n c lo sed f i e ld sh e ld i nd i sc r e te b l ock s a nd c u l t iva t ed a s as i ng le u n i t . F o r t h e R omano -Br i t i sh p e r iod a nd t h e c en tu r ie s i mm ed ia t e ly f o low ing , d emon s t rab l e r e g iona l l d i f e r en ce sm ay h ave t a ken t h ef o rm o fd i ve r s i ty i nl a nd u s e . f

T h e r eh a sb een s om er e cogn i t ion o ft h en eed t oe s t ab l i sh t h e n a tu r e o f a g r i cu l tu ra l a c t iv i ty d u r ing t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod i no rde r t oa ses l a im s t h a t s u ch a c t iv i ty d ec l in ed s s c s ub sequen t ly . W id e ly a nd s p a r se ly d i s t r ibu t ed s c a t e r s o f t p o t e ry s h e rd s a r e u sua ly t h ough t t o i n d i ca t e m anu r ing o f t l r ab le l a nd . H oweve r , t h ey d o n o t s how w h e th e r t h e l a nd a w a s c u l t iva t ed c on t inuou s ly t h roughou t t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod o r r o ta t ed b e tween a r ab le a nd p a s tu r e e i th e r i nt h e s ho r t t e rm o r l o ng t e rm . I n s ho r t , p opu la t ion d en s i ty a nd f i e ld s y s t em s i d en t if i ed f r om p o t e ry s c a t e r s d o n o t s how t t h ow i n t en s ive ly l a nd w a s c u l t iva t ed n o r f o r h ow l o ng a ny 1 I ti so n ly f r om d ocum en t a ry i n t en s ive c u l t iva t ion l a s t ed .4 r e co rd st h a tw ek now t h a tt h e l a t e ro pen f i e ld s o f at wo -f i e ld y s t em w e r eu sed a sp a s tu re ,n o ta r ab le , f o rh a lf t h et im e a nd s c an c a l cu la t e t h e a ppa r en t y i e ld s f o r c r op s ; w r i t en r e co rd s t a r e n o t a va i lab le t os how h ow f i e ld s w e r e u s ed b ef o r e t h e 2 l a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod .4

L and u se L and u se m ay b e d e f in ed n ar ly a si n t en s ive h um an u s e row p r inc ipa ly f o r a g r icu l tu r e a nd s e t lem en t . Mo r e w id e ly , i t l t m ay a l so c ove r u nd eve loped l a nd w i th n a tu ra l r e sou r ce s e xp lo i ted t os om ee x ten tb yt h el o ca lp opu la t ion .

T he t a xa t ion i mpo sed b y t h e R om an g ove rnm en t t os uppo r t i t s a rmy a nd o t he r p ub l ic e xpend i tu r e m ean t t h a t a tr u ra l l e ve l t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh e conomy mu s t h ave b een o r gan i sed a bove t h e l e ve l o f s ub s i s t en ce t o m ee t t h e g ove rnm en t ' s d em and s . H en ce l e ve l s o f p roduc t ion a nd t y pe s o f l a nd u se w e r e n o t i n f luen ced s imp ly b y l e ve l s o f p opu la t ion . T h e i n f er on t inu i ty o fs om eR om ano -B r i t i sh red c i n s t i tu t ion s i n to t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , c omb in ed w i th c on ta c t s w i th t h e C on t inen t , w ou ld a l so h ave e x e r t ed s om e i n f luen ce o nt h er u ra le conomy a nd h en ce o nl a nd u se .

T h e r e a r e p a r t s o f E ng land f o r w h ich t h e r e i se v id en ce o f c on t inuou s , r e la t ive ly i n t en s ive , u se o f l a nd s i n ce t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod . L a rge a r ea s , c ove r ing m any s qua r e m i le s , w e r e d i v ided o n ar e c t i l inea rb a s i s . L oca l l a you t s o f r o ad sa nd f i e ld b ounda r i e sf o low c ommon a l ignm en t sd a t ing l f r om t h e R om ano -Br i t i sh p e r iod o r e a r l i e r . T h e t e chn ique u sed t o d i scove r t h i s b ounda ry f r am ewo rk , t o pog raph i ca l a n a ly s i s , h a s b een a pp l ied f a i r ly w id e ly i n E sex a nd E a s t s A ng l ia a nd a l so i np a r t s o fs ou th -ea s tE ng land , L in co ln sh i r e , 8 T h e a n t iqu i ty o f t h e S t af rd sh i r e a nd Wa rw i ck sh i r e .3 fo p a t er n s h a s b een d educed f r om t h e i r r e la t ion sh ip t ok nown t R om an r o ad s s upe r impo sed u pon t h em . T he p r a c t i t ion e r s o f t o pog raph ica la na ly s i sh ave b een c a r ef u lt oa cknow l edg et h a t m any o ft h e s u rv iv ing b ounda r ie s w i th in t h e se f r am ewo rk s m ay b e l a t e r i n se r t ion s .3 9 H oweve r , t h e s u rv iva l o f t h e g en e r a l o r ien ta t ion i n d ica t e s c on t inu i ty o fh uman r e gu la t ion o fl a nd d i v i s ion .

I th a s b een c l a im ed t h a t a r cheo log ica l e v iden ce s how s t h a t a ny u n evenn es nt h e g en e ra l d ec l ine i np opu la t ion l e ve l s s i a nd s e t lem en t a c t iv i ty e i the r d u r ing o r a f t e r t h e R omano t B r i t i sh p e r iod d i d n o t n eces r i ly m a t ch r e g iona l sa t o pog r aph ica l d i f e r en ce s i n t h e m ed i eva l p e r iod . I th a s f t h e r ef o r e b een a r gued t h a t t h e r e g iona l v a r ia t ion f am i l ia r f r om t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod mu s t h ave d eve loped d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod .4 3 T h i s a r gum en t i sb a sed o n a n i mp l ic i t a nd u n su s ta inab le a sump t ion t h a t t o pog raph i ca l s d i f e r ence s d epend w ho ly o n t h e a moun t o f l a nd i n u s e , f l r a th e r t h an o n t h e t y pe o fa g r i cu l tu r e p r ac t i sed o n t h a t l a nd o r o n w ay s o f o r gan i s ing a g r icu l tu ra l p roduc t ion . I ta l so i mp l ie s ak now ledge a bou tp opu la t ion l e ve l s w h ich d oe s n o t e x i s t ."

T h e c onve r se d oe s n o t h o ld . R ec t i l in ea r s y s t em s o f l a nd d i v i s ion d a t ing f r om t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod c ou ld h ave b een r e p la ced b y n ew s y s t em s , s u ch a so pen f i e ld s , w i thou t a ny i n ter t ion t ot h e o ve ra l l e ve l o fe conom i c a c t iv i ty .° rup l I t is a l so c on ce ivab le t h a t r o ad a nd b ounda ry l a you t s w h i ch p r e -d a ted t h e r e c t i l inea r s y s t em s a nd w h ich i n s om e a r ea s w e r en o tr e p la ced b yt h em , o rb yl a t e rl a nd d i v i s ion s ,s u rv ive i np a r t so ft h eE ng l i sh c oun t ry s id e .

An eed f o rp a s tu r eh a sb een i d en t if ied a so n e o ft h ep r in c ipa l d e t e rm inan t s o ft h e M id land s y s t em o fo p en f i e ld s . I th a s b een s ugge s t ed t h a tt h i s n eed m igh th ave b een p romp t ed b y t a xa t ion a nd t r ad ing r a the r t h an b y l o ca l i n c rea se s i n 5 A p r edom inan t ly p a s to ra l e conomy m igh t p opu la t ion .4 h ave e vo lved i no t h e rr e g ion s i no t h e rc i r cum s t an ce s . T h e r e c ou ld h ave b een d i f e r en tt y pe s o fp a s to ra l f a rm ing , a st h e r e f w e r e i n Wa rw ick sh i r e i nt h e l a t e rm ed i eva lp e r iod , w h en t h e n o r th a nd w e s t w e r e c ha ra c t e r i sed b y c a t le -g r az ing a nd t h e t 6 C hange s i np ropo r t ion s s ou th a nd e a s t b y s h eep r ea r ing .4 o f a r ab le a nd p a s tu r e c ou ld h ave b een a s g r ea t , o r e ven g r ea t e r , i n a r ea s w he r e l a rge sca l e r e o rgan i sa t ion o f f i e ld s

E v id ence f o r t h e c on t inu i ty o f r o ad s a nd b ound a ry a l ignmen t ss ugge s t st h ep ropo r t ion o fl a nd i na g r i cu l tu ra lu s e a sd i s t in c tf r om t h et y pe o fa g r icu l tu r ep r ac t i sed o ni t . I ts a y s l i t l e a bou tt h e a loca t ion , m anagem en t o rc u l t iva t ion o ft h a t t l l a nd o ra bou t t h e p rec i se l o ca t ion o fd we l ing s . P e r s i s t en ce l o fb ounda ry a l ignm en t s s hou ld n o t o b scu r e t h e a moun t o f a dap t a t ion w h i ch c ou ld h ave o ccur i th in t h em t om ee t red w d emog raph i c ,e conom i c a nd s o c ia lc hange s . S y s t em so fl a nd d i v i s ion d on o th e lp i nd ef in ing r e la t ive p r opo r t ion so fa r ab le 1 8 1

w a s a b sen tt h an i na r ea s w h e r e o pen f i e ld s w e r e i n t roduced . E vo lu t iona ry d eve lopm en t s c ou ld h ave b een a s s i gn if i can t f o r t h e a ppea ran ce o f t h e c oun t ry s id e a s w ho le sca le r e o rgan i sa t ion . T h e r e c ou ld h ave b een p r e -m ed i eva l f d i f e r en ce s i n l a nd u s e w h ich m ad e f o r r e g iona l v a r ia t ion t t i n d epend en t ly o ff i e ld s y s t em sa nd s e t lem en tp a t e rn s . S o i l t y pe s h ave o f t en b een r e ga rd ed a s c r u c ia l t ol a nd u s e . l L o ca ly , t h i s m ay h ave b een t h e c a se , i fs uff i c ien t s u rp lu s l a nd w a s a va i lab l e f o r c ho ice s t ob e m ad e . H oweve r , i th a s b een q ue s t ion ed w h e th e r s o i l t y pe s w e r e i n f luen t ia l o n a r e g iona l s c a le .4 7 F o r e xamp le , i th a s b een p o in t ed o u t t h a t mu ch o f t h e t r ad i t iona l ' c hamp ion ' a r ea o f s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i s c ove r ed w i th g r ey c l ay s o i l s w h ich e l sewh e r e m igh t n o t b e r e ga rd ed a s s o f a vou rab le f o r c u l t iva t ion a so t h e rs o i lt y pe s .4 8 V a r ia t ion i n l a nd u s e b e tw een t h e l ow land a nd h i gh land t z on e s o fB r i ta in h a s b een a t r ibu ted l a rge ly t oc l ima t e . T he n o r th a nd w e s t o fB r i ta in , t h e ' h igh land z on e ' , c on t a in s t h e i s l and ' s m oun t a in s a nd much o f i t s h i gh g round ; i ti s f e xpo sed t ow e s t e r ly w ind s w h ich b r ing r a in o ft h e A t lan t ic s O cean . I t ha s b een a r gued t h a t t h e h i gh land z on e w a s l e s s l p opu lou s a nd l e s e conom i ca ly p ro spe rou s e ven b ef o r e t h e R om an o ccupa t ion o f B r i ta in a nd t h a t t h e d eve lopm en t o f c R omano -B r i t i sh e c onomy a nd s o c ie ty a cen tua t ed t h e f d i f e r en ce .4 9 T h e c l im a t ic a r gum en t m ay b e a pp l icab le t oa s l e se r d eg ree t o p a r t s o f t h e l ow land z on e w h ich a r e o n l h i gh e r g round a nd c a t ch mo re r a in t h an t h e v a ley s a nd p l a in s . r T h e t e r i to r ia l o r gan i sa t ion b eh ind a g r i cu l tu ra l p roduc t ion c ou ld h ave i n f luen ced t h e t y pe , a sd i s t in c t f r om t h e a moun t , o fl a nd u s e . A s d e s c r ibed i nC hap te r F ou r , e a r ly m ed ieva l r t e r i to r i e s h ave b een t r aced t h rough s u r v iv ing p r e -Conqu e s t c ha r t e r s , t h o se h und r eda l b ounda r ie s w h i ch a ppea r t oh ave e c b en r e la t ive ly u nd i s tu rbed , a nd m ed ieva l e c le s ia s t ica l l l i nk s . O cca s iona ly , p l ace -nam e e v id en ce h in t s e i the r a t r a g r i cu l tu ra l s p ec ia l i sa t ion w i th in t h o se t e r i to r i e s o r a td ue s t i nk i nd o wed t o ac en t ra l p l ace b y d epend en t s e t lem en t s . R y e m igh th ave b een p rodu ced o rr end e r ed b y R y ton , s h eep t b y S h ip ton , m i lk a nd b u t e r b y h e rd s a tH a rdw ick . I th a s r b een s ugge s t ed t h a t r u le r s o f s u ch t e r i to r ie s h ad n o l e qu iva l en t o fl a t e r m ed ieva l d em e sne l a nd b u t r e l ied w ho ly o n p roduce r e nd e r ed b y t h e i n hab i tan t s o f d epend en t t s e t lem en t s . 5° Wh e th e r t h e se p eop le c u l t iva t ed t h e l a nd a s l e x t end ed f am i l ie s , i n w id e r c o labo ra t ive g roup s o r a s i n d iv idua l s , w he th e r t h ey w o rked u nde r t h e d i r ec t ion o ft h e r l t e r i to r ia l r u l e r o r o n t h e i r o wn i n i t ia t ive , a r e a l u nknown f a c to r s . Mo r eove r , t h e l o ca l s p ec ia l i t ie s n eed n o th ave b een t h eo n ly p rodu c t so ft h e se p l ace s .

s ugge s t ed t h a t t h e s ub -d iv i s ion o f f i e ld s m ay h ave b een t r e la t ed t o t h i s f r agm en ta t ion .5 2 I ft h e l a t e r s ugge s t ion i s ccep sa a t ed t h en i ti sn eces ry t oe xp la in w hy t h e a ppa r en t ly l a t e d e l in ea t ion o f t own sh ip b ounda r i e s i n s om e o t h e r c r e g ion s w a s n o t a compan ied b y t h e c r ea t ion o f o pen sib f i e ld s .5 3 I ti sp os le t h a tt h e t r u th l i e s s om ewh e r eb e tw een s ccu r t h e t wo t h eo r ie s , t h a t f i s ion m igh t h ave o r ed b r oad ly r a l ong t h e l i n e s o fp r e -ex i s t en t u n i t s w i th in t h e t e r i to ry b u t t h a t t h e b ounda r ie s o ft h e se u n i t s m igh t h ave b een a d ju s t ed s o r d efm ed m o r e p r ec i se ly d u r ing t h e f i s ion o r e v en mod if i ed s ub sequen t ly . T h eo r ie s a bou t t h e o r ig in s o f t own sh ip s a r e l a rge ly s i l en t l a bou tt h e h i s to ry o fs m a le r l a ndho ld ing s w h ich m igh t h ave c on ta ined f a r f ewe r a c r e s t h an a t own sh ip . I th a s b een a cknow ledged t h a t t h e n umbe r s o f i n hab i tan t s a nd t h e l d i s t r ibu t ion o f t h e i r d we l ing s w i th in s u ch t own sh ip s a r e s 4 T h e a sump t ion t h a t t h e f i e ld s o f at own sh ip u n I cnown .5 w e r ec u l t iva t ed i ni n d iv idua lp o r t ion sb yp ea san tf a rm e r sh a s i mp l ica t ion sf o rt h eo r gan i sa t ion a nd u s eo ft h a tl a nd . f T h e v a r iou s f a c to r s w h ich c ou ld h ave a f ec t ed l a nd u s e a r e r e levan tt ot h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land . I ti s in t h i s c on t ex t t h a t t h e d eba t e a bou t t h e a moun t s o f w ood land i n t h e R omano -B r i t i sh a nd e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod s a nd t h e r e la t ion sh ip b e tw een w ood land d i s t r ibu t ion a nd o t h e r r e g iona lv a r ia t ion si nt o pog raphy s hou ld b ec on s id e r ed . R eg iona lv ar ie ty i nw ood land G iven t h a t w ood land d eve loped t o c ove r mo s t o f l ow land E ng land i n t h e p o s t -g la c ia l p e r iod , i t s s ub sequen t u n even d i s t r ibu t ion i sa r guab ly o ne o ft h e e a r l i e s t m an if e s ta t ion s o f t l o r e g iona lv a r ia t ion a t r ibu tab le t oh um an i n t e r ven t ion . A lt o t l i t l e i s k nown a bou t t h e p r ec i se c h rono logy o f t h e p r eh i s to r i c d i sappea ran ce o f t r ee s f r om l a rge a r ea s o f l a nd l s a nd s t i l l e s a bou t a ny r e g iona l o r l o ca l v a r ia t ion s i nt h e s i n c id en ce o ft h a t d i sappea rance . H oweve r , t h e l o s o ft r ee s t h a s b een a t r ibu ted t ot h e e ncou ragem en t o fg r az ing a nd t o l t h ed eve lopm en to fa g r icu l tu r e . F rom t h ee v id en ce o fp o l en a na ly s i s , s t ra t ig raphy a nd a r cheo logy i th a s b een d edu ced t h a t a tl e a s t h a lf t h e l a nd h ad b een t a k en i n to c u l t iva t ion b y I ti st h e r ef o r e t h e e nd o f t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod .5 sib f p os le t h a tt h e r eh ave b een r e g iona ld i f e r ence s i na moun t s o fw ood land f o rt wo t h ou sand y ea r so r mo r e . I t h a s b ugge s t ed t h a t t y pe s o f s o i l m igh t h ave een s d e t e rm in ed t h e l o s o r r e t en t ion o f w ood land i np r eh i s to ry s a nd t h a t u n t i l t h e R om ano -Br i t i sh p e r iod a g r icu l tu r e a nd s e t lem en t w e r e c on cen t ra t ed o n l i gh t e r s o i l s .5 6 S im i la r t 7 a r gum en t s h ave b een a pp l ied t o t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod .5 H oweve r , a s e xp la ined i n C hap t e r O n e , c ompa r i son s b e tween r e g ion s w i th in t h e m id land s h ave s hown t h a t s im i la r , h eavy , c l ay s o i l s h ad m a rk ed ly d i f e ren t a moun t s o f f w ood land i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod .5 8 I ti st h e r ef o r e l o g ica l t o a low f o r s om e d i s rega rd o f s o i l t y pe s i n p r eh i s to ry . A s w ood land o r ig ina l ly c ove red a lmo s t t h e w ho l e o fl ow land E ng land i tmu s th ave b een l o ca t ed o nb o th f e r t i le a nd p oo r s o i l s . T r ee s m ay h ave d i sapp ea r ed t h rough o ve r -g raz ing r a the rt h an t h rough d e l ibe ra t e c l ea ran ce a nd t h e o ve r -g raz ing m ay h ave h ad n o r e ga rd t os o i l t y pe . Wh e r e t r ee s w e r e f e l ed a nd g rubbed o u t , h oweve r , t h e a r ea o fl a nd l

s T h et h eo ry a sum e st h a tt h e re w e r ed efm ed l a nd u n i t sw i th in r t t l a rg e rt e r i to r i e s . S om e s cho la r sr e ga rd s c a t e red s e t l em en t s b a sed o n u n i t s o f l a nd e qu iva len t t o t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l t own sh ip s a s t h e b a s ic u n i t s o f r u ra l o r gan i sa t ion , w h ich r ema in ed r e la t ive ly s t a t i c a st h e l a rge ru n i t s i n to w h ich t h ey f w e r e g r ouped w e r e a ma lgama ted o r d i v ided a t d i f e ren t s t age s i n t h e i r h i s to r ie s .5 1 O the r s h ave i n t e rp r e t ed t h e e v id en ce f r om p r e -Conque s t c ha r te r s o r f r om t o pog r aph ica l a na ly s i s a si n d i ca t ing t h a tt h e b ounda r ie s o ft own sh ip s w e r e r d ef in ed w hen l a rge r t e r i to r ie s f r agm en t ed . I t ha s a l so b een 1 82

t ob ec l ea r ed m igh tw e lh ave b een d ec id ed b yt h e f e r t i l i ty o f l t h e s o i l o r i t s a d ap tab i l i ty t oc u l t iva t ion . T h e t y pe o f l a nd u s e , a r ab l e o r p a s to ra l , c ou ld t h e r ef o r e h ave b e ry een v s i gn if i can t . I tc ou ld h ave i nf luen ced t h e w ay i nw h i ch s om e o ft h ec oun t ry ' sw ood land d i sappea r ed a nd t h ed i s t r ibu t ion o f t h ew ood land w h i ch r ema in ed .

t h e f o rm e r , s o t h a t t h e s u rv iv ing w ood land o ccup ied a d i f e r en t s i t e f r om i t s p r edeces r . S u ch a p ro ces f f so s o w ood land s h if t w ou ld h ave r e semb led t h e p h enom enon o f s e t lem en ts h if t . t I na ppa r en t c on t r a s tt ot h e a r gum en t f o r s i gn if i can t a moun t s o fs e conda ry w ood land , i th a sb een c l a im ed t h a t " t h e i d ea o f w id e sp r ead r e gen e ra t ion o f t h e w ood land i n t h e f i f th a nd 4 T h e r e sea r ch o n w h i ch t h e s i x th c en tu r ie s i sa my th " .6 c l a im i sb a sed a cknow ledge s t h a t t h e r e i se v id en ce o fs om e r e gen e ra t ion , e spec ia ly i nt h e h i gh land z one , a sw e l a so f l l mo r e c on t inu i ty t h an w a s o n ce t h ough t .6 5 T h e k ey i st h e d efm i t ion o f " w id e sp r ead " ; s hou ld i tb e i n t e rp r e t ed a s m ean ing ' f r equen t ' o r ' c ommon ' , w i thou t s p e c if y ing t h e q uan t i t ie s o f w ood i n vo lved , o r d oe s i tr e f e r t o e x t en s iv e t r a c t s o fw ood land? G row th o fs e conda ry w ood land m igh t h ave o r equen t ly , o ve r t h e w ho l e c oun t ry o r ccur red f s e lec t ive ly i n s om e r e g ion s , w i thou t c ove r ing v e ry l a rge a r ea so fl a nd .

T h e d eba t e a bou t m ed i eva l r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s i nw ood land h a sc on cen t r a t ed o nt h ea moun t s o fw ood land i n h e r i t ed f r om t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod a nd o n t h e e x t en t t o w h i ch s e cond a ry w ood land d eve loped o n f o rm e r a g r icu l tu r a l l a nd d u r ing t h ee a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod . I nt h e l i gh to ft h ef i nd ing s o f a r ch z eo log ica l r e sea r ch i th a s b een c l a im ed t h a t t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fw ood land a tt h e e nd o f t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod w a s n o t f undam en ta ly d i f e r en t f r om t h a t o f 1 086 . l f T h e e v id en ce o fO ld E ng l i sh p l ace -nam e s h a s b een u s ed i n s uppo r to ft h i s c l a im ; t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o fc e r ta in p l a ce -nam e l em en t s h a s b een m a t ch ed mo r e o rl e s t ot h e i n c id en ce o f e s 9 I tm ay a l so b e w ood land r e co rd ed i nD ome sday B ook .5 s i gn if i can t t h a t t h e p o t e ry i n du s t r ie s w h ich f l ou r i shed t t h roughou t m o s t o f t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod , a nd w h ich r e qu i red g ood s upp l ie s o fw ood f o r f r ing , w e r e a soc ia t ed i s w i th r e g ion s w h i ch h ad p l en ty o f w ood land i n t h e l a t e r m ed i eva lp e r iod . 6°

T h e r e a r e f l aw s i n t h e d eba t e o ve r t h e a moun t s a nd d i s t r ibu t ion o f w ood land . O n e i st h e p ropen s i ty t o d r aw g ene ra l c onc lu s ion s f r om l o ca l e xamp le s . O n ly m u ch m o r e e x t en s ive f i e ld s u rvey s a nd much m o r e p o len a na ly s i s a nd l r e la t ed b o tan ica lr e sea r ch c an h ope t ob r idge t h e g ap . T h e r e a r e p rob lem s i nt h e se a r ea s o fr e sea r ch . P o len e v id en ce i s l a r e ly c l o se ly d a ted , e ven w hen i th a s s u r v ived t o b e r r e cove r ed ,6 a nd f i e ld s u rvey d epend s o n i d en t if y ing t h e e xa c tb ounda r ie s o fm ed ieva l w ood s b ef o r e c . 1350 . A s w i l l b e a ppa r en t f r om C hap te r T h r ee , t h e l a t e r h ave b een v e ry t d i ff i cu l t t o d efm e i n Wa rw i ck sh i r e . I t i s d ange rou s t o s a sum e t h a t t h e k nown s i ze s o f w ood s i nt h e s i x t een th o r s e ven t een th c en tu ry c an b ee qua t ed t ot h e e x t en to fm ed ieva l sib w ood land , f o r i ti s p os le t h a t m ed ieva l w ood s w e r e e n la rged b yt h eg row th o fs e conda ry w ood land a f t e rc . 1350 .

O the r s c ho la r s h ave d r awn d i f e r en t c on c lu s ion s f r om f c ompa r ing t h e a moun t s o fw ood land r e co rded i nD om e sday B ook w i th t h e a r chwo log ica l r e co rd o f R omano -Br i t i sh s e t lem en t . T h ey h o ld t h a t t h e re mu s t h ave b een s i gn if ican t t g r ow th o f s e conda ry w ood land i n t h e f i f th a nd s i x th 1 o r e ven i n l a t e r c en tu r ie s .6 2 T h ey p o in t t o c en tu r ie s ,6 a r chwo log ica l e v id en ce o f R omano -B r i t i sh s e t lem en t s i n t a r ea s o fl a t e r m ed ieva l w ood land . I na dd i t ion , s om e o ft h e k nown r o ad s a nd r e c t i l inea r b ounda ry f r am ewo rk s o f R om ano -B r i t i sh o r e a r l ie r d a t e a r e i n t er t ed i n p l ace s rup w h ich a r e s u spec t ed o fh av ing , o rk nown f r om d ocum en t a ry e v idence t o h ave h ad , w ood land i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l 3 p e r iod .6 T h e e v id enc e n eed s t ob e v e ry p r ec i se t os u s ta in t h e l a t e r t a r gum en t . T h e a b sence o fr e l ic tb ounda r ie s f r om p a r t o fa n a r ea m ay b ed u et ot h ep r e sence o fw ood land t h e r ew h en t h e b ound a ry f r am ewo rk w a s f i r s t l a id o u t , o r t o t h e d eve lopm en t o fs e conda ry w ood land a t al a t e r d a t e , o rt oa c omb ina t ion o f b o th . T h e R om ano -B r i t i sh l a nd d i v i s ion s m igh t h ave a commoda t ed a r ea s o f w ood land w h i ch w e r e c i n h e r i t ed f r om t h eI r on A ge a nd d i dn o te xpand b eyond t h e i r o r ig in a lb ounda r ie sw i th in t h er e c t i l in ea rf r am ewo rk u n t i lt h e c r ea t ion o f al a t e rm ed ieva lp a rk o rt h e g r ow th o fs e conda ry w ood land a f t e rc . 1350 . E ven t h e d eve lopm en t o fs e conda ry w ood land i n t h e c en tu r ie s i mm ed ia t e ly a f t e r t h e e nd o f R om an r u l e m igh t h ave i n vo lved m a rg ina l e xpan s ion o fa n a r ea o f w ood land w h ich w a s p a r t o f t h e o r ig in a l l a nd d i v i s ion . I n a dd i t ion , s m a le r p a t ch e s o f w ood land c ou ld l h ave d eve loped w i thou t d i s tu rb ing t h e p a t er n ; s om e f i e ld s , t i n c lud ing f o rm e rs e t lemen ts i te s ,c ou ld h ave b een a o t lowed t r e ve r tt os c rub a nd t h en t ow ood land w h i l s t o t h e r s r em a in ed i na g r i cu l tu r a lu s e . S om e s e conda ry w ood land w h ich g r ew i n s u ch c i r cum s t an ce s m igh t h ave a d jo in ed o l d e r w ood s . I n l a t e r c en tu r ie s t h e l a t e rm igh th ave b een c l ea r ed i np r ef e r en ce t o t

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T h e s e cond p rob lem a r i se s f r om t h e b e la t ed r e cogn i t ion t h a t t h e r e i sn o s imp le e qua t ion b e tw een g row th i np opu la t ion t s 7 T h e a nd i n s e t l em en t a nd t h e l o s o f w ood land .6 i mp l ica t ion s o ft h i s r e cogn i t ion h ave y e t t oe xe r t ag en e r a l i nf lu ence o n r e f e r ence s t o w ood land i n t o pog raph i ca l s t ud ie s . H i the r to i n t e re s t h a s c on cen t r a ted o n a moun t s o f w ood land , o n w ood land c l ea rance a nd w ood land p r e se rva t ion i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod , a nd o n t h e m anagem en to fl a t e rm ed ieva l d em e sn e w ood s .6 8 T h e r e h a s a l so b een a b i a s t owa rd s t h e p o s t -Conque s t h i s to ry o f p a r t icu la r w ood s f o r w h ich t h e r e i s af a i r a moun t o f d ocum en ta ry e v id en ce . O n e o f t h e f o r emo s t s c ho la r s o f m ed ieva l w ood s h a s e xp l ic i t ly d ec l in ed t o s p ecu la t e o n a moun t s o fw ood land i nt h e e i gh th c en tu ry a sd i s t in c t f r om t h e e l even th a nd h a s c on cen t ra t ed o n h i s to r i ca l e co logy , t h e h i s to ry o f t h e v ege t a t ion o f i n d iv idua l w ood s , p a r t i cu la r ly l c 9 M o s tr e g iona l a coun t sd ea lw i th w ood s t h o se s t i le x tan t .6 i nw h i ch c ommon r i gh t s w e r e d i spu t ed , w ood s w i th in r oya l nd t h e d em e sne w ood s w h i ch a ppea r i nm ano r ia l f o r e s t s , 7°a a nd a s soc ia t ed r e co rd s .7 c 1 T h e se a coun t sp o r t r ay t h eh i s to ry o f t h e m anagem en t o f w ood land a s a n i n exo r ab l e , a l be i t g r adua l , s p r ead o f e nc lo sed , c opp i ced w ood s i n p r iva t e o wne r sh ip a tt h e e xpen se o f o pen w ood s i n w h i ch m any l o ca l i n hab i tan t s h ad c ommon r i gh t s . T h i s t r end h a s b een d e sc r ibed a sl a rge ly c omp le t eb yc . 1250 .7 2 T h e r e h av eb een

n o s y s t em a t i c r e g iona l s u rvey s o f t h e n om en c la tu r e a nd m anagem en to fm ed ieva lw ood land .

s ub jec t ed t oh um an m anagem en t . T he i rd i sadvan tage s l a yi n t h e e xpen se a nd l a bou r i n vo lved i nk eep ing t h em e n c lo sed , i nf e n c ing a nd d i t ch ing t h em t op ro t ec tt h en ew g r ow th f r om b row s ing a n ima l s . I f t h e a dvan tage s o u tw e ighed t h e d i sadvan tage s , w hy w e r e g r ove s l a rge ly a b sen t f r om m any p l ace s i nE ng land ? I f th e d i sadvan tage sp r edom ina t ed , w hy l w e r e g r ove s t o b e f o und a ta l a nd p a r t icu la r ly i n p l a ce s w h i ch a l so h ad c ommon w ood s? T h e a n sw e r s t o t h e se q ue s t ion si n vo lve an umbe ro fc on s ide ra t ion s .

R eg iona l d i f e r en ce s i nw ood land m ay r e f lec t f a c to r s w h ich f h ave b een d e sc r ibed a s r e levan t t o f i e ld s y s t em s , s u ch a s s e t lem en t , s o c ia l s t ru c tu re a nd l a nd u se .7 t 3 T h e se f a c to r s m ay h e lp t oe xp la in w hy s om ew ood sw e r e l a rge a nd u sed i n l c ommon a nd o t h e r s w e r e s m a l a nd a ppa r en t ly h e ld b y i n d iv idua ll o rd so rt e nan t s ,w hy s om ew e re s h a r ed b y s e ve r a l t s e t lem en t s a nd o t he r s r e se rved t o t h e i n hab i tan t s o f o n e t own sh ip , w hy s om e w e re m anaged a sp a s tu r e a nd o t he r s t o p roduce u nd e rwood a nd t imbe r , w hy b o th k i nd s c ou ld b e f o und w i th in t h e s am e t own sh ip a nd w hy s om e t own sh ip s l sib a ppa ren t ly h ad n o w ood land a t a l . O n ce t h e p os le i nf luence s b eh ind s u ch d i ve r s i ty a r e a cknow ledged r e g iona l l v a r ia t ion s i nw ood land b ecom e a sp o t en t ia ly i n t e re s t ing a s r e g iona ld i ve r s i ty i nf i e ld s y s tem s .

T h e e n c lo su r e o f a n a r ea o f w ood land , o r t h e g r ow th o f s e conda ry w ood land , t o f o rm a g r ove i mp l i e s as o c ia l r low s s t ruc tu r e a nd l a ndho ld ing a rangem en t s w h i ch a u ch d eve lopm en t s , e conom ic c i r cum s tance s w h ich f a vou r t h em , f low l a nd ac on sc iou s d e c i s ion t oe f ec te nc lo su r e o ra a nd t o r e ve r t t o w ood land . I fn o l o ca l l o rd h ad t h e a u tho r i ty t o l e n c lo se o r t h e w i l t o e xe r c i se t h a t a u tho r i ty , c ommon l w ood land c ou ld h ave l o s t i t s t r ee s b y d ef au l t , e s pec ia ly i f p a s to r a l f a rm ing l e d t o o ve r -g r az ing . T h e p r e sen ce o r a b sence o fd em e sn e g rove s m ay r e f lec t t h e h i s to ry o fl o ca l l o rd sh ip , t h e p o in t a tw h ich al o rd h ad e nough a u tho r i ty t o a pp rop r ia t e a n e n c lo sed w ood f r om a n e x i s t ing l a nd u n i t o r t oe nc lo se s om e c ommon w ood land . I t m ay a l so r ef l ec t t h e r e la t ive s c a r c i ty o f w ood land i n t h e n e ighbou rhood a nd su e xcep t iona l p r es r e u pon t h a t w ood land . T h e a b sence o r e p r e sence o ft e nan t s ' g r ove s m igh tr e f l ec tn o to n ly t h e d eg re t ow h i ch t h e r ew a s an eed t oc on se rve a nd m anage w ood land f o rf u e lb u t a l so t h e r e la t ive d ependen ce o ri n d epend en ce o f p ea san t s i nm anag ing t h e l a nd w h ich t h ey h e ld . I fa r ab l e l a nd w a s c u l t iva t ed i n i n d iv idua l f am i ly u n i t s i t i s l sib t h eo r e t i ca ly p os l et h a tw ood land c ou ld h ave b een d i v id ed i nt h e s am e w ay , a tl e a s t f o r t h e p rodu c t ion o ff u e l , e ven i f l s m a l , i n d iv idua l a r ea s o f w ood p a s tu re m igh t h av e b een i mp rac t i ca lt om an age .

R eg iona l v a r ia t ion s i nw ood land m igh t h ave p r e -da t ed t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd b een i n t en s if i ed d u r ing t h e d ec l ine i n l l e conom ic a c t iv i ty w h ich a r guab ly f o lowed t h e c o lap se o f een ag R oman r u le . T h e r e m igh t h ave b r ea te r i n c rea se i n s e conda ry w ood land i ns om e r e g ion s t h an i no t he r s . I nt h e t l a t e r , f o re xamp le , ad ec l in e i na r ab le p roduc t ion m igh th ave l e d t o i n c r ea sed g r az ing r a the r t h an t o t h e g row th o f s e conda ry w ood land . T h e i mpo r t an ce o f p a s to ra l f a rm ing leged w h ich w a s a ly b eh ind t h e M id land s y s t em o f o pen f i e ld s h a s f u r th e r i mp l ica t ion s f o r t h e d i s t r ibu t ion a nd m anagem en t o f w ood land . O ve r -g raz ing c an r e du ce w ood land t ow a s t e . T h e a se r t ion t h a t " common w ood land s u sua ly , g i ven t im e , d egen e ra t ed t ot r ee les a s tu re "7 l s p 4 b eg s t h e q ue s t ion w hy s om e a r ea s o fw ood p a s tu re s u rv ived f o r c en tu r ie s a f t e r o t he r a r ea s o f w ood land d i sappea r ed . A n i n c r ea sed d em and f o r p a s tu r e m igh t h ave b een r e spon s ib le s f o r l o s o fw ood land i ns om e r e g ion s i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l t p e r iod . S e t l em en t sw h ich c on cen t ra ted o ng r a in p rodu c t ion , o r a tl e a s t h ad a s y s t em o f m ixed f a rm ing w h ich d i d n o t m ak e e x t en s ive u se o f w ood s f o r p a s tu r e , m igh t h ave r e ta in ed m o r e c ommon w ood land t h an t h o se i n r e g ion s w h i ch a tt h a tt im ew e r ep r edom inan t ly p a s to ra l .

N e i th e r o f t h e t wo s t ud ie s w h ich i n c lud ed d e sc r ip t ion s o f l 5 s ough t p a r a l e l s e l sewh e r e t e nan t s ' g r ove s i nt h e C h i l t er n s7 t t t o e xp la in t h e p h enom enon , a nd i t h a s a t ra c t ed l i t l e t s ub sequ en t a t en t ion f r om h i s to r ian s o ft h e c oun t ry s id e a nd r t u ra l s e t lem en t . Y e tt h i s s t udy o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w ood land h a s s hown a d i s t r ibu t ion o f g rove s f o r w h ich t h e r e i sn o o bv iou s , s imp l e e xp lana t ion , b u t w h ich a ppea r s t oh ave a p a r t ia l r e la t ion sh ip t o o t h e r r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s . R e sea r ch i n to t h e h i s to ry o ft h e c oun t ry s id e o fm ed ieva l E ng land , i n p a r t icu la r t h e o r ig in s o f r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s , m igh t , i f e x t end ed i n to Wa rw ick sh i r e , h e lp t oe xp la in t h e d i ve r s i ty o f w ood land t h e r e . T h eg rove so f Wa rw ick sh i r e m ay p r ov id e a n ew d im en s ion t ot h eh i s to ry o fr e g iona lv a r ia t ion .

T h e c l o se a soc ia t ion b e tween s p ec if i c s e t lem en t p a t e rn s , s t t f i e ld s y s t em s a nd q uan t i t ie s o fw ood land w h ich i sa ppa r en t i nt h e m ed ieva lp e r iod m igh th ave e m e rged o n ly a sr e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n t en s if i ed . N one th e l es r e -m ed ieva l v a r ia t ion i n s, p a moun t s o f w ood land m ay h ave b een a p r e -cond i t ion f o r s ub sequen t d eve lopm en t s , w ho se p r ec i se n a tu r e a nd o ccur ce d epend ed o n o t h e r f a c to r s . I na dd i t ion , r e g iona l ren d i f e ren ce s i nt y pe s o fw ood land , w h ich a tt h e b eg inn ing o f f t h em ed ieva lp e r iod m igh th ave b een a l r eady i ne x i s t en ce , o r i n c r ea s ing , o r e m e rg ing , m ay b e r e la t ed t o f a c to r s w h ich i n f lu enced t h e l a t e r d i ve rgen ce i n f i e ld a nd s e t lem en t t p a t er n s . t

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sion o D i scus f t h e o r ig in s o f r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s i n Wa rw i ck sh i r e i sh ampe r ed b y t h e v e ry l i m i t ed a moun t o f f i e ld s u r vey a nd r e la t ed a r chwo log ica l r e sea r ch i n to r u r a l t 6 T h e o n ly s e t lem en t s a nd f i e ld s y s t em s i n t h e c oun ty .7 m e thod a va i lab l e i n t h e se c i rcum s tan ce s i s t o a r gu e b y a na logy , u s ing o t h e r e v id en ce t o d ef in e t h e n a tu r e o f sib Wa rw i ck sh i r e ' s m ed ieva l t o pog raphy a s f a r a sp os l e a nd t h en c ompa r ing t h e r e su l t w i th o t he r r e g ion s w h e r e f i e ld s u rvey a nd r e la t ed a r chwo logy h ave b een p r ac t i sed o n al a rge t s c a le . Ar e cen t s u rvey o fm ed ieva l s e t lemen t i nt h e We s t

T h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f g r ove s , w h ich m ay b e v e ry r e levan t t o t h i s a r gum en t , h a s b een s o re ly n eg lec t ed . G rove s a lowed l i n t en s ive p rodu c t ion o f w ood . Whe r e t h ey w e r e i n t h e l f v i c in i ty o f d w e l ing s , t h ey o f e red a conven ien t s upp ly o f w ood f o r f u e l a nd o t he r p u rpo se s w i thou t t h e l a bou r a nd l t e d ium o fc o lec t ing a nd t r an spo r t ing i tf r om ad i s tan tw ood . T h e a dvan t age s o fg rove s c ou ld h ave b een r e a l i sed a ss oon a si n d iv idua l w ood s w e r e s e pa ra t ed f r om t h e w i ldwood a nd 1 84

M id land s , i n c lud ing Wa rw ick sh i r e ,w h ich u sed p r e -Conque s t l c ha r t e r s , p l a c e -nam e s , a nd as ma l a moun t o fa r chwo log ica l i n f o rm a t ion ,d emon s t ra te st h ep o t en t ia lo ft h i sa pp roach .7 I t sib i sp os l e t o s upp lem en t t h e e v id en ce w i th t h e r e su l t s o f t o pog raph i ca la na ly s i so fp a r to f Wa rw i ck sh i r e .

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sib A p os le R omano -B r i t i sh f r am ewo rk f o r t h e b ound a ry a l ignm en t s o f m ed ieva l o pen f i e ld s i n s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw i ck sh i r ec an b ea r gued b yc ompa r i son w i th s om eo ft h e r e su l t s o fr e sea r ch i nN o r thamp ton sh i r e . Mo r eove r , i nt h e l A von v a l ey , e x cava t ion s a t Wa spe r ton h ave u n ea r th ed a R omano -B r i t i sh f i e ld s y s t em w ho se a l ignm en t h a s p e r s i s t ed 5 A ne a r ly m ed ieva lo r ig in h a sb een i n to t h em oder np e r iod .8 t s u gge s t ed f o r t h e g r id p a t er n o f r o ad s a nd b ounda r ie s i n G r andbo rough . I f G randbo rough ' s t wo o pen f i e ld s8 6 p o s tda t ed t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , t h ey w e r e p r e sum ab ly 7 f o rm ed w i th in e x i s t ing b ounda ry a l ignm en t s .8

e A s Wa rw i ck sh i r e a d jo in s N o r thamp ton sh i r e i ts em s l i k e ly t l t h a t ac ompa rab le p a t er n o fo pen f i e ld s a nd v i lage s i nt h e t f o rm e r m igh t h ave h ad s im i la r o r ig in s t o t h a t i nt h e l a t e r . l red L a rg e , o pen f i e ld s w i th c ompac t v i lage s c an b e i n f er f r om l a t e r m ed ieva l r e co rd s f o r a numbe r o f t own sh ip s i n 8 I n s om e c a se s , s u ch a s s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e .7 l F enny C omp ton , t h e d e sc r ip t ion s i nm ed ieva ld eed s o fs m a l p a r ce l s o f l a nd d i v id ed b e tween t wo f i e ld s r e f e r t o t h e b ounda r ie s o fm o r e t h an o ne a d jo in ing p l ace , s how ing t h a t t h e f i e ld s e x t end ed t o t h e e dge o f t h e t own sh ip a nd w e r e 9 p r e sum ab ly l a rge o pen f i e ld s o f at y p ica lt wo -f i e ld s y s t em .7 T h e Wa rw ick sh i r e e xamp le s d o n o t c on s t i tu t e p roof t h a t t h e c oun ty ' s o pen f i e ld s p r e -da t ed t h e C onque s t . E ven i f th e r e t w e r e a r ch z eo log ica l e v id en ce o fd i spe r sed s e t lem en t i nt h e t e a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod ,i tc ou ld b ea r gu ed t h a ts e t lem en ts i t e s c ou ld h ave b een a bandon ed t o c u l t iva t ion c en tu r ie s b ef o r e s, i sib o p en f i e ld s w e r e f o rm ed . N on e th e les t rema in s p os le t h a t , a si nN o r thamp ton sh i r e , o pen f i e ld s m ay h ave r e p la ced l t l s m a l e rf i e ld sa nd s c a t e r ed d we l ing s f r om t h en i n th c en tu ry o nwa rd s , a nd l o ng b ef o r e t h ey w e r e r e co rd ed i n t h e en t h i r te th c en tu ry .

T h e s ugge s t ion t h a t p o l i t ica l d i s tu rban ce i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod w eaken ed s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e s t o t h e p o in t w h e re l o rd s c ou ld i mpo se ac omp l e t e r e o rgan i sa t ion o ff i e ld y s t em s i sd i ff i cu l t t op u r sue i nr e la t ion t ot h e e v id en ce f o r s Wa rw ick sh i r e . I ti sn o tk nown w h e th e rA ng lo -Saxon c u l tu r e s p r ead t h rough s o c ia l c on ta c t s o r t h rough p o l i t i ca l c hange . N o r i si t known w he the r t h e p o s tu la t ed a c r e t ion o f s m a l c l t e r i to r i e s t o f o rm k i ngdom s i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod r o ccur eacef u ly o r w i th s om e d i s rup t ion a nd v i o len ce . red p l H oweve r , t h e r e i s am a rk ed r e g ion a l v a r ia t ion i n A ng lo S axon c u l tu r ei n Wa rw ick sh i r e . T h ed i s t r ibu t ion o fp agan b u r ia l si nt h eA ng lo -Saxon c u l tu r a l t r ad i t ion i sl i m i t ed t o t h e s ou th a nd e a s t o f t h e c oun ty , p a r t icu la r ly t h e A von v a ley . T h e b u r ia l s e x cava t ed a t l Wa spe r ton i n d i ca t ed , b y t h e w ay i nw h i ch b u r ia l s r e spe c t ed l p r ev iou s i n t e rm en t s a nd b y t h e r e la t ive ly s ma l n umbe r o f l g r ave s c on t a in ing t y p ica l A ng lo -Saxon j ewe le ry , t h a t t h e o wne r s o ft h e se a r t ef ac t s w e r e i n t eg r a l m embe r s o f al o ca l c ommun i ty w i th d i ve r se c u l tu r e s .8 P agan A ng lo -Saxon b u r ia l s h ave b ound o n ly i n t h e s ou th er n p a r t s o f t h e een f c oun ty . T h ey b ecam e s p a r se b y t h e l a t e s i x th c en tu ry a nd n on e a t r ibu tab l e t ot h e s e ven th c en tu ry h a s b een f o und i n t t h er e g ion . T h i sd i s t r ibu t ion h a sb een i n t e rp re t ed a sm a rk ing t h ee x t en to fA ng lo -Saxon i mm ig ra t ion t ot h ep o in ta t wh i ch , i n f luen ced b y t h e n a t ive p opu la t ion , t h e i mm ig r an t s o rt h e i r d e scendan t s c hanged t h e i r b u r ia l p r a c t i ce s .8 9 T he g eog raph ica l d i s t r ibu t ion o f t h e se b u r ia l s a l ong m a in r i ve r v a l ley s a nd t h e i r i mm ed ia t e h in t e r land h a s b een t a k en t o r e f lec t i mm ig ran t s ' m ig ra t ion r ou t e s . R a th e r i tm ay r ef l ec t r e la t ive p ro spe r i ty w i th in t h er e g ion , w i th t h e m o s tp owe r f u l o f t h e p eop le c ha ra c t e r i sed b y t h o se c u l tu ra l p r a c t i ce s c hoo s ing t o t a k e o ve r t h e r i ch e s t l a nd s i n t h e r e g ion , a r guab ly t h o se i nf e r t i le r i ve r v a l ley s . D id t h e a r ea o ft h e A von v a l l ey a nd s ou th Wa rw ick sh i r e t h e r ef o r e a t t r ac t c u l tu ra l c h ange b ecau se i tw a s mo r e p ro spe rou s? Wa s i t m o r e p ro spe rou s b ecau se i tw a s mo r e i n t en s ive ly c u l t iva t ed , h av ing f a rl e s sw ood land a nd p a s tu r e? O rw a s i t sp r o spe r i ty b a sed o nl i ve s to ck r e a r ing? Wa s i ts t imu la t ed b yp opu la t ion l e ve l s o r b y o t h e r e conom i c a nd s o c ia l f a c to r s , s u ch a s a c on cen t ra t ion o f e conom ic a c t iv i ty i np a r t i cu la r a r ea s a f t e r t h ee nd o fR om an r u le?

T h e r e sea r ch i n N o r thamp ton sh i r e h a s n o t a r gued f o r t u n iv e r sa l c on t inu i ty o f a g r icu l tu ra l a c t iv i ty a nd s et lem en t s i n ce t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod . I t h a s s u rm i sed t h e r e g row th o fw ood o n t h e c l ay land s w h e re , d e sp i t e t h o rough l s u rvey s , n o a r chwo log ica l e v iden ce o f d we l ing s f r om t h e e a r ly c en tu r i e s o ft h e m ed i eva l p e r iod h a s b een f ound , a nd red f h a s i n f er r om l a te r f i e ld -nam e s t h e c l ea rance o f s w ood land t o e x t end c e r ta in o pen -f ie ld y s tem s ." E x cava t ion h a s s hown i n af ew i n s tan ce st h a tt h eb ound a r i e s l o f s om e m ed i eva l f u r long s f o low ed e a r l ie r d i t ch e s . T h e sib c on sequ en t p os i l i ty o f ad i r ec t l i nk b e tw een R omano l B r i t i sh f i e ld s a nd s om e m ed ieva l f u r long s a low s a t l e a s t s om e c on t inu i ty o fl a nd u s e t h roughou t t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh a nd m ed i eva l p e r iod s t o b e p o s tu la t ed , a l be i t w i th r e se r va t ion s . 8I I fa n a n a logy b e tween N o r thamp ton sh i r e a nd Wa rw i ck sh i r e t i s s ound , t h en p r e sum ab ly d i spe r sed s e t lem en t s a nd s l a soc ia t ed s m a l f i e ld s p r eced ed o pen , t wo -f i e ld s y s t em s i n t s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e . T he r e i sa li t le e v id ence t o s uppo r tt h i s p r e sump t ion . O cca s iona l c hance d i scove r ie s o f t c on cen t ra t ion s o f R omano -B r i t i sh p o t e ry p o in t t o s om e l t t s m a l , d i spe r s ed , r u ra l s e t lem en t s , ap a t er n w h i ch m ay b e e m e rg ing a l r eady i nt h ee a r ly s t age so ff i e ld s u rvey i nT y soe , a nd s om e a r chwo log ica l i n ve s t iga t ion o f l a t e r m ed ieva l s e t l em en t s i t e s h a s r e vea led R om ano -Br i t i sh o ccupa t ion .8 t 2 t t A e r ia l p ho tog r aphy r e vea led a di spe r sed s e t lem en t p a t er n l 3 a l though a e r ia l o n t h e r i ve r g r ave l s o f t h e A von v a ley ,8 p ho tog r aphy d epend s o n s u i tab l e s o i l s a nd s i t e s f o r c r opma rk s a nd c anno t o f i t se lf d e t e rm ine t h e a ge o f t h o se m a rk s . O ld E ng l i sh h ab i ta t ive p l a ce -nam e s i n co rpo ra t ing l w or t h , c o t , t u n s ta l , a nd t u n wh ich h ave b een f ound w i th in m ed i eva lo pen f i e ld s y s t em sh ave a l so b een u sed a se v id en ce

A l though d i s t in c t ive r e g iona l d i f e r en ce s i n f i e ld s y s t em s f a nd s e t lem en t p a t er n s s em t oh ave d eve loped d u r ing t h e t t e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , f i e ld s y s t em s a nd s e t lem en tp a t e rn s t t w e r e n o t t h e o n ly d e t e rm inan t s o f r e g iona l v a r ia t ion . A s 1 8 5

e xp la in ed e a r l ie r i n t h i s c hap t e r , u n if o rm s y s t em s o f l a nd d i v i s ion c ou ld h ave s uppo r t ed d i ve r se t y pe s o f a g r i cu l tu re a nd l a nd u s e . T h i s l i ne o f a r gum en t i ss t r eng th en ed b y r e sea r ch i nt h e A lne a nd A row v a ley s o f Wa rw ick sh i r e , a n r l a r ea w h ich h a s b een d e sc r ibed a s at o pog raph i ca l e x t en s ion o ft h em idd le a nd l owe rA von v a ley . 9° l I th a s l o ng b een r e cogn i sed t h a t i nt h e l a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e w a s c ha ra c t e r i sed e i th e r b y i la ro pen f i e ld sw i th am ix tu r e o fv i lage s a nd d i spe r sed regu l s e t l em en t o r b y d i spe r sed s e t lem en t a nd f i e ld s y s t em s t t w h e r e t e nan t s h e ld s ma l f i e ld s o r c r of t s i n s e ve ra l ty a nd l w h e r e o pen f i e ld s w e r e c onfm ed t o as m a l a r ea , a s i nt h e l s ou th o fT anwo r th in -A rd en ,9 1 o rw e r e a b sen t a l toge th e r , a s 2 I nn o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re , a si nt h e i nP ackwood .9 t t t C h i l t er n s , ad i spe r sed s e t lem en t p a t e rn h a s b een a t r ibu t ed t o a gr adua l c l ea rance o f w ood land a nd w a s te d u r ing t h e 3 m ed ieva l p e r iod , p a r t i cu la r ly a f t e r t h e C onque s t .9 H ow eve r , t h e r e cen t r e sea r ch i n o t h e r r e g ion s o f E ng land w h i ch w a s d e sc r ibed e a r l i e r i n t h i s c hap t e r s ugge s t s t h a t t t s om e d i spe r sed s e t lem en t p a t er n s m ay h ave much e a r l ie r o r ig in s , e ven i f t h ey w e r e e xpanded a nd mod if i ed b y m ed ieva l d eve lopm en t s .9 4 T he r e i s ev id en ce o fs u ch o r ig in s i na t le a s to n ep a r to f Wa rw ick sh i r e .

R omano -B r i t i sh f i e ld s , b u t t h ey w e re l a id o u tw i th in t h e o l d f r am ewo rk ,r e spec t ing i t so r ien t a t ion . T h e a l ignm en t o ft h e e a r l i e r o ft h e t wo p r e -m ed i eva l f i e ld s y s t em s w a s a l so p e rpe tua t ed i n T anwo r th in -A rd en , t a l though n o tt ot h e s am e d en s i ty a si nt h e c en t r e o f Woo ton Wawen . R e sea r ch i n to t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l t o pog raphy o f l regu T anwo r th h a si d en t if i ed o n ly o n es m a la r ea o fi l a ro p en f i e ld s i nt h e s ou th o ft h e p a r i sh .9 7 A g r icu l tu r e e l sewh e r e i n t h e p a r i sh , i n c lud ing t h e r e s t o ft h e a r ea c ov e r ed b y t h e p r e m ed ieva l s y s t em , s em s t oh ave b een p r a c t i sed i ne n c lo sed e f i e ld s o r c r of t s . Wh i l s t s om e o f T anwo r th ' s c r of t s w e r e f o rm ed f r om w ood land a nd w a s t e i n t h e l a t e r m ed i eva l p e r iod , al a rge rp ropo r t ion t h an h a sb een p r e sumed h i th e r to , a nd p a r t icu la r ly t h o se w i th in t h e p r e -m ed i eva l b ound a ry a l ignm en t s , m ay h ave r ema in ed i ns om e k i nd o fa g r icu l t u r a l u se , a l be i t w i th m od if i ca t ion s , s i n ce t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod . f T h e l o ca t ion s o ft h e d i f e r en t t y pe s o f l a t e r m ed ieva l f i e ld t r w i th in Woo ton Wawen a nd T anwo r th d o n o t c o r e spond n ea t ly t o o n e o r o t h e r o f t h e t wo p r e -m ed ieva l s y s t em s o f l a nd d i v i s ion n o rt oa r ea si nw h ich p r e -m ed ieva ls y s t em sc an o rc anno tb e t r a ced . H oweve r , t h e l a rge s t a r ea o fo pen -f i e ld e l a nd s em st oh ave c o in c id ed w i th t h e g r ea t e s tc on cen t r a t ion o fp r e -m ed ieva lb ounda ry a l ignm en t s . O nt h i sb a s i s i tm igh t b e s ugge s t ed t h a t t h e s t ronge s t e v id en ce f o r c on t inu i ty o f s c u l t iva t ion i sa soc ia t ed w i th s ubd iv ided r a th e r t h an w i th e n c lo sed f i e ld s .

A s e xp la in ed i n t h e p r ev iou s c hap t e r , t h e t e chn ique o f t o pog raph i ca l a na ly s i s w h i ch h a s b een u sed i ns om e r e cen t s e t l em en t s t ud i e s h a s b een a pp l ied t ot h e Woo ton Wawen t t a r ea o f Wa rw ick sh i r e . Two r ough ly r e c t i l inea r s y s t em s o f r o ad s a nd f i e ld b ounda r i e s h ave b een i d en t if i ed , o n e o f d emon s t rab ly e a r ly R om ano -B r i t i sh o r e ven p r e -Rom an o r ig in a nd t h e o t h e r o fp robab l e R omano -B r i t i sh r a th e r t h an l a t e r d a t e . T h e f o rm e r e x t end ed i n to t h e s ou ther n p a r t o f T anwo r th in -A rd en a nd i n to mu ch o f N u thu r s t , L apwo r th 5 Wh i l s t s e ve ra l r o ad s b e long ing t o t h e a nd R ow ing ton .9 l a t e r s y s t em w e r e s upe r impo sed o n t h e e a r l ie r t h e r e w a s v i r tua ly n o o ve r lap b e twe h e f i e ld b ounda r ie s o ft h e t wo l en t y s t em s . Mo s tt r a ce s o ft h e l a t e rs y s t em a r e f ound o nh i gh e r s g r ound . T h ey a r e s o r e gu la r a nd e x t en s ive t h a t t h ey h ave b n t e rp r e t ed a s t h e r e su l t s o f a n e x t en s ion o r een i r e o rgan i sa t ion o f a g r icu l tu r e d u r ing t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh p e r iod u nde r t h e d i rec t ion o fp ub l ic a u tho r i t ie s . T h ey a r e a l igned o n ap r edom inan t ly n o r th -we s t / s ou th -ea s ta x i s . T h e p r o jec ted c ou r s e o f a pr in c ipa l r oad i n t h e s e cond s y s t em r un s f r om Me t ch ley R om an f o r t s i nE dgba s ton t ot h e r i ve r c r os tS t r a t f o rd -upon -Avon , s ugge s t ing t h a tt h es y s t em ' s sing a a l ignm en tr e f le c t ed m i l i ta ry o ra dm in i s t ra t ive n eed s .

T h e p r e -m ed i eva l a l ignm en t s o f f i e ld b ound a r i e s i n t h e t Woo ton Wawen a r ea s ugge s t t h a t o t h e r e n c lo sed f i e ld s y s t em s i n n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e m ay h av e b een f o rm ed w i th in af r am ewo rk o fs im i la r a n t iqu i ty . H ow eve r , t t h e a b sen ce o f t h e Woo ton Wawen r o ad a nd r e l i c t f i e ld b ounda ry s y s t em s n o r th o f T anwo r th , L apwo r th a nd s R ow ing ton i s an o b s tac le t od eve lop ing t h i sa r gum en t ,u n les t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s w e r e t o r e vea l t h e e x i s t en ce o f f s e pa ra t e r o ad a nd f i e ld b ounda ry l a you t s o n ad i f e r en t a x i s , t 8 b u td emon s t rab ly a so l da st h o se i n Woo ton Wawen .9 T he s u rv iva l o fa tl e a s t af ew k nown a nd i mpo r t an t R om an r o ad s , s u ch a s Wa t l ing S t r ee t , p rov id e s am in imum o f c on t inu i ty . O nt h en o r th -ea s t er ne dge o f Wa rw i ck sh i r e t h e r e e s em s t oh ave b een t e nu r ia l c on t inu i ty , i fn o th ing m o r e , i n t h e l a nd u n i t w h i ch w a s c en t r ed o n t h e R om ano -B r i t i sh t s e t lem en t o f V enon c e a nd w ho se e a r ly m ed ieva l e x t en t , a r guab ly c en t r ed o n C layb rooke i nL e ice s t e r sh i r e , h a s b een c t r a ced t h rough l a t e r m ed i eva l e c l e s ia s t ica l a nd t e nu r ia l l i nk s . T h e l a nd u n i t s t radd led t h e c oun ty b ounda ry w i th s Wa L e i ce s t e r sh i r e a c ros t l ing S t r ee t a nd i n c lud ed t h e l Wa rw ick sh i r et own sh ip so fC op s ton ,W ib tof ta nd W i ley .9

T h e p e rpe tua t ion o ft h e b ounda r ie s o ft h e t wo p r e -m ed ieva l f i e ld s y s t em s i na nd a r ound Woo ton Waw en s how s t h a tt h e t a r ea h a sb een s ub jec tt oc on t inuou sh uman r e gu la t ion o fl a nd u s e s i n ce t h e e s tab l i shm en t o f t h o se s y s t em s . Wh a t eve r c hange s w e r e m ad e i n t h e o r gan i sa t ion o f f i e ld s a nd o t h e r l a nd d u r ing t h e m ed ieva lp e r iod w e r eb yw ay o fa dap ta t ion s t ot h e p r e -m ed i eva l s y s t em s o fl a nd d i v i s ion . T h e m ed i eva l p e r iod d i d n o t s e t h e c r ea t ion o f an ew l a nd scape b u t t h e e e vo lu t ion o fa n o l d . I n t h e c en t r e o f Woo ton Waw en t h e t b ounda ry a l ignm en t s o ft h e e a r l ie r o ft h e t wo p r e -m ed ieva l y s t em s a r e e x t en s ive ly p r e se rved . I n t h e l a t e r m ed i eva l s p e r iod t h i s w a s a n a r ea o fo pen f i e ld s .9 6 T h e b ound a r i e s o f sa t h e m ed ieva l f u r long s w e r e n o t n eces r i ly t h o se o f t h e

T h e a va i lab l e e v iden ce f o r t h e h i s to ry o f m ed i eva l t o pog raphy i np a r t s o f Wa rw i ck sh i r e a nd c ompa r i son s w i th s im i la r f i e ld s y s t em s e l sewh e r e s ugge s t t h a t s om e r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n f i e ld s y s t em s p robab ly a r o se d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod b u t t h a t o t h e r t o pog raph ica l d i ve r s i ty m ay d a t e f r om t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p e r iod o r e a r l ie r . I t i s p os le , t h e r ef o re , t h a t r e g iona l d i f e r en ce s i n sib f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w ood land p r eceded t h e v a r ia t ion i n f i e ld s y s t em s . 1 86

Warw ick sh ire ' s w ood land a nd r eg iona l v ar ia t ion s i n r ura lt opography

o pen f i e ld s w e r e c r ea t ed a nd w e r e t h en a dd ed t o t h o se f i e ld s . m T h e a sump t ion i st h a tt h e c l ea r an ce o fw ood land s i nN o r thamp ton sh i r e w a s r e la t ed d i r ec t ly t o c onve r s ion t o a g r i cu l tu r e . H ow eve r , t h e f a t e o ft h e w o ld s a sd i sc r e t e a r ea s c ou ld h ave b een i n d ependen to ft h el o so ft r ee s . s

I n t h e p r ev iou s c hap t e r i t wa s c on c lud ed t h a t p l a ce -nam e s i n d ica t ed s om e k i nd o fr e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n Wa rw i ck sh i r e ' s w ood land d a t ing a tl e a s t f r om t h e e a r ly m ed i eva l p e r iod . T h i s c on c lu s ion w a s b a sed m a in ly o n t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f s u rv iv ing f i e ld -nam e s i n co rpo ra t ing l e ah , h y r s t a nd w a ld . l A lt h e se w o rd s f o rw ood land w e r e i nc ommon u se a sp l a ce l n am e e l em en t s w e l b ef o r e t h e n i n th c en tu ry . T he s u r v iva l o ff a r f ewe rm ino r n am e s e nd ing i nl ey a nd h u r s t i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e t h an i n t h e n o r th a nd w e s t o f t h e c oun ty m ay r e f lec t t h e o r ig ina l d i s t r ibu t ion o f s u ch n am e s l w h en E ng l i sh c am e t ob e s pok en l o ca ly . I ft h i s i s th e c a se , r e g iona l v a r i e ty i nw ood land p r eced ed t h e d eve lopm en t o f l a rge , r e gu la r o pen f i e ld s w h ich , i n N o r thamp ton sh i r e a t l e a s t , i st h ough tt od a t ef r om t h el a t en in th c en tu ry .

I n t e r common ing b e tween t own sh ip s , d i scus n t h e sed i p r ev iou s c hap t e r , w ou ld h ave p r even t ed a c ommon w o ld w h ich w a s s h a r ed b e tween t own sh ip s f r om b e ing d i v id ed a nd a b so rbed i n to t h e r e spec t ive f i e ld s o ft h o se t own sh ip s . T h i s o b s t ac le c ou ld h ave b een o ve rcom e i fa nd w h en t h o se i n vo lv ed f ound s om e w ay o f e x t ingu i sh ing t h e i n t e r common ing r i gh t s . Wh e r e s u ch r i gh t s w e r e m a in ta in ed t h e w o ld r ema in ed a s c ommon p a s tu r e s e pa r a t e f r om t h e c ommon f i e ld s . A se xp la in ed a bove ,t h e s u rv iva lo ft h et e rm w o ld s ugge s t s t h a t t h e t r ee s d i sappea r ed b ef o r e t h e n i n th c en tu ry , t h a t i s ,b ef o r e o pen f i e ld s a r e t h ough t t oh ave b een c r ea t ed . E ven w h e r e i n t e r common ing w a s e x t ingu i sh ed o n t h ew o ld st h e r em igh th ave b een ac on s id e rab le g ap b e tween t h el o so ft h et r ee sa nd t h ee x t in c t ion o fc ommon r i gh t sw i th s as ub sequen tc onve r s ion t oa r ab le p roduc t ion . Mo r eove r , t h e l o s o ft h e t r ee s m igh t h ave b een t h e r e su l t o fo ve r -g raz ing s r a the r t h an d e l ibe ra te c l ea r an ce . A l i nk b e twe h e en t t r an sf o rma t ion o ft h e w o ld s a nd t h e d eve lopm en t o f l a rge s c a l e o pen f i e ld s m ay t h e r ef o r e b e mo r e c omp lex t h an h a s b een a sum ed h i th e r to . s

T h e r e g iona l v a r ie ty i n Wa rw ick sh i re ' s w ood land s em s t o e h ave c o re spond ed r ough ly t o t h e r e g iona l d i f e r en ce s i n r f f i e ld sy s t em s . I t cou ld b e a r gued t h e r ef o r e t h a t t h e s ma le r l a moun to fw ood land i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw i ck sh i r ew a sn o t o n ly ac on t ex t b u t a l so ap r e -cond i t ion f o r t h e d eve lopm en t o fo pen f i e ld s . T h i sc on c lu s ion i sc ompa t ib l ew i th t h et h eo ry t h a t t h e t wo -f i e ld M id land s y s t em w a s a m e thod o f i n c rea s ing p a s tu r e i n a r ea s w h i ch h ad l o s t m o s t o f t h e i r t p e rm an en t p a s tu r e a nd h ad l i t l e o r n o s u rp lu s w ood land w h ich c ou ld b e c onve r t ed t op a s tu r e . H ow eve r , t h e h i s to ry o f s om e o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w o ld s r e qu i re s ar ef inem en t o f t h e t h eo ry a nd o f t h e c on c lu s ion s w h ich h ave b een d r awn f r om r e sea r ch i n No r thamp ton sh i r e .

T h e e x i s t ence o f c ommon r i gh t s o ve r s e ve ra l w o ld s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e s ugge s t s t h a tp a s tu r ew a s ah i gh ly v a lued t y pe o f l a nd u s e . T h e v e ry s u r v iva l o ft h e se w o ld s a s d i sc r e t e a r ea si n d i ca t e st h a ti nt h o se t own sh ip sc ommon g r az ing o ve r o pen f i e ld s s upp l em en t ed a n e x i s t ing s ou r ce o fp a s tu r e o n t h e w o ld s , a l though i t m igh t a l so h ave r e p la ced s om e p e rm an en t p a s tu re w h ich h ad n o t b a r t o f t h e w o ld s . een p T h e h i s to ry o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w o ld s t h e r ef o r e n o t o n ly s uppo r t s t h e t h eo ry t h a t t h e n eed f o r p a s tu r e w a s ac r u c ia l p r e -cond i t ion f o rt h ec r ea t ion o fo pen f i e ld sb u ta l so s ugge s t s t h a t t h o se f i e ld s r e f lec t ed a n e mpha s i s o n , i f no t as h if t t o , p a s to ra lf a rm ing .

I n t h e p r ev iou s c hap t e r m ino r p l ace -nam e s i n co rpo ra t ing w o ld a nd t h e t r ad i t ion o f c ommon p a s tu r e o n s om e o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' sw o ld si nt h el a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod w e r eu s ed t o s ugge s t t h a t f o r s om e t im e d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod t h ew o ld sw e r ew ood land , a tl e a s ts om eo fw h ich w a s m anaged a sw ood p a s tu r e . T h ew o rd w a ld i st h ough tt oh ave h ave f a l en o u to fc ommon u s e f o rw ood land a f t e rc . 800 a nd l i t s p r e se r va t ion i n m ino r n am e s s ugge s t s t h a t t h e p l a ce s c once rn ed p r obab ly l o s t t h e i r t r ee s b ef o r e t h e n i n th c en tu ry . T h i s p romp t s t h e q ue s t ion w hy t r ee s d i sappea r ed f r om t h e w o ld sa t th i st i m e . R ef e r en ce w a s m ad e i nt h e p r ev iou s c hap t e r t o as ugge s t ion t h a t t h e d i sappea ran ce o f t r s f r om Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w o ld s ee w a s i ns om e w ay a s soc ia t ed w i th t h e d eve lopm en t o fo pen f i e ld s . I fo pen f i e ld s w e r e ar e spon se t o as ho r t age o fl a nd , p a r t icu la r ly f o r p a s tu r e , t h en i t w ou ld h ave b een l o g ica l t o c l ea r t h e w o ld s , f o r a r ab l e o rp a s tu r e , b ef o r e r e so r t ing t oa w ho le sca le r e o rgan i sa t ion o ff i e ld s y s tem s . T h e s ugge s t ion t h a t w o ld s l o s t t h e i r t r ee s b y c . 800 f i t s t h i s c h rono logy . H oweve r , i td oe s n o t e xp la in w hy , o nce t h ey h ad l o s t t h e i r t r ee s , s om e w o ld s i n Wa rw i ck sh i r e r em a in ed a s s e pa ra t e a r ea s o fc ommon p a s tu r e r a th e r t h an b e ing a b so rbed i n to a s y s t em w h ich c omb in ed c ommon p a s tu r ew i th o pen f i e ld s .

T h e c on cen t ra t ion o fw o ld s i ns ou th a nd e a s t , r a the r t h an i n n o r th a nd w e s t , Wa rw ick sh i r e s em s t o b e a h i gh ly e s i gn if i can tr e g iona lv a r ia t ion . I tw a ss ugge s t ed e a r l ie ri nt h i s c hap t e r t h a t ac on cen t ra t ion o n p a s to ra l f a rm ing i n s om e r e g ion s m igh t h ave l e d t oo ve r -g raz ing a nd t h e l o s o ft r ee s s f r om w ood p a s tu r e . A l t e rna t ive ly , p a s to r a l f a rm ing m igh t h ave b een u n ive r sa ly p rac t i sed , b u tw i th d i f e r ing e f e c t s o n l f f t h e c oun t ry s id e a co rd ing t ot h e a moun to fp a s tu r e a va i lab le c i n ap a r t i cu la rr e g ion a sw e l a st h e d em and f o ri t . T h e s i z e l o ft h e w o ld s o f Wa rw ick sh i r e i nr e la t ion t ot h e s i ze o ft h e p a r i sh e s o rt own sh ip s t ow h ich t h ey w e r e a t a ch ed s ugge s t s t t h a t , w h i l s t w o ld s m ay h ave c ove r ed s e ve ra l h und r ed a c r e s , t h ey d i dn o tf o rm s u ch al a rge p ropo r t ion o ft h el a nd u n i t s t o w h i ch t h ey b e longed a s d i d w ood land i n m any p l a ce s i n n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e . T h eh i s to ry o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w o ld s s uppo r t st h e s ugge s t ion t h a ti n t en s if i ca t ion o fd emand f o rp a s tu r em ay n o th ave b een d u e s imp ly , p e rhap s n o t e ven p r in c ipa ly , t o g r ow th i n l p opu la t ion . I nd eed , a n e xpand ing p opu la t ion m igh t h ave b een e xpec t ed t o s t imu la t e a r ab le , r a th e r t h an p a s to ra l , f a rm ing . E a r l i e r i nt h i s c hap t e r r e f e ren ce w a s m ade t ot h e

T h es e pa ra t ei d en t i ty o f Wa rw i ck sh i r e ' sw o ld sc a s t s d oub to n t h ea sump t ion sa bou tt h ec h rono logy o fw ood land c l ea ran ce s i nN o r th amp ton sh i re . I th a s b een d educed , o n t h e b a s i s o f f u r long p a t e rn s , t h a t s om e a r ea s o f w ood land i n t N o r th amp ton sh i r e w e r e c l ea r ed a f t e r , r a the r t h an b ef o r e , 1 87

s ugge s t ion t h a tt h e g row th o ft own s , t r ade a nd t a xa t ion w e r e a mong s tt h e e conom ic f a c to r sw h ich s hou ld b ec on s id e r ed i n t r y ing t o e xp la in t h e c hange s i n t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l l c oun t ry s id e , a nd t h i s s ugge s t ion h a sb een r e la t ed s p ec if i ca ly pen -f i e ld a g r icu l tu r e t ot h ed eve lopm en to fo pen f i e ld s . 1°1 O m ay h ave b een e s tab l i shed i nm any p l ace s i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re n o tb ecau se t h ey w e r e " p a s tu r e s ta rved " , 10 2a n a r gum en td i ff i cu l tt os u s ta in i nf a ce o ft h e s u rv iva lo fs e ve ra l w o ld s a s e x t en s ive a r ea s o f c ommon g r az ing , b u t b ecau se o pen f i e ld s , l i k et h ew o ld s , o f e r ed g r az ing s u i t ab l ef o rl a rge f s c a le a n ima l h u sband ry 1°3 i n s t ead o f t h e m o r e l im i t ed p a s tu r e n eed ed f o r s ub s i s t en ce f a rm ing . O n e c an s p ecu la t e t h a t h e r e , i n d eed , m ay l i e t h e e xp lana t ion o f t h e r e g iona l n am eF e ldon , d e r ived f r om an oun o r ig ina ly a soc ia t ed w i th l s 4 o pen l a nd u sed a sp a s tu re r a the rt h an w i th a r ab le f i e ld s . 1°

b l ock s o fe a r ly m ed ieva l w ood land b e twe own sh ip s , a nd en t s e conda ry w ood land i su n l ike ly t oh ave b een f o rm ed a ta t im e w h en o t h e r w ood s s em t o h ave d i sappea r ed . T h e e a soc ia t ion b e tween g r ove s a nd t own sh ip s m ay t h e r ef o r e b e s a n a r gum en t i ns uppo r t o ft h e t h eo ry t h a t m any t own sh ip s h ad d e l in ea t ed t h e i r o wn a r ea s o f w ood land , a nd t h e r ef o r e h ad t h e i r o wn i d en t i ty , l o ng b ef o r e t h e f i s ion o ft h e e a r ly s m ed ieva lt e r i to r i e si n to w h i ch t h ey w e r eg r ouped . r

T h ed i s t r ibu t ion o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' sw o ld s a l so s ugge s t s s om e m od if i ca t ion t ot h et h eo ry t h a t Wa rw ick sh i r e ' sw o ld sw e r ea n e x t en s ion o f t h e N o r thamp ton sh i r e w o ld s i n to t h e e a s t e rn f r inge o f Wa rw ick sh i r e a nd f o rm ed w i th t h em a r e g ion w h ich w a s d i s t in c t f r om b o th w ood land a nd c hamp ion d i s t r ic t s . 1°5 T h e p r e sence o f i n d iv idua l a r ea s c a led w o ld s l t h roughou t m o s t o f s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e , a t r ad i t iona l ' c hamp ion ' r e g ion , w ar n s a ga in s t a n e xc lu s ive a soc ia t ion b e tw een t h e t e rm w o ld a nd a s p ec ia l k i nd o f s r e g iona lt o pog raphy . T h e e v idence f o re a r ly m ed ieva l w ood land c on s id e r ed i nt h e p r ev iou sc hap t e rp roduced l i t le i n f o rma t ion a bou tg r ove s . I t t i dn o ta dd a ny th ing t ot h ed i scus bou tt h e i ro r ig in sa nd d sion a t h e i r d i s t r ibu t ion . H oweve r , s t ud i e s o fr e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n f i e ld s y s t em s , s e t lem en t p a t er n s a nd l a nd u s e c an a dvan ce t t o u r u nde r s tand ing o f t h i s t y pe o f w ood land . T h e g r ove s t h em se lve sm ay c on t r ibu t es om e th ing t ot h ew id e rd eba t e . I t wa s s ugge s t ed i nt h e p rev iou s c hap te r t h a t t h e o r ig in s o f s om e g rove s m ay b e c l o se ly l i nk ed t o t h e h i s to ry o f t own sh ip s a nd t h e i r f i e ld s y s t em s . I n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod m any d em e sne g rove s w e r e n am ed a f t e r p a r i sh e s o r t own sh ip s . T h ec h rono logy o ft h e se g rove sm ay r e la t et ot h e o r ig in s o ft h e d e l inea t ion o f l a nd u n i t s w h ich b ecam e l a t e r m ed ieva lt own sh ip s .

I ti sn o tab le t h a t s e ve ra l d em e sn e g r ove s w e r e s i tua ted i n t own sh ip s w h ich w e r e d epend en t p a r t s o f a n e c le s ia s t ica l c p a r i sh w ho se c en t ra l s e t l em en t d i d n o t h ave s u ch ag rove : t B i shop ton a nd C lop ton i n S t r a t f o rd -upon -Avon , L ang ley , K ing ton , S onga r , B ea r ley a nd O f o rd i n Woo ton Wawen , f t A s th i l , H o rwe l , B igg ing , S ho r t l ey , H a rna l , a nd l l l H awk e sbu ry a r ound C ov en t ry , B a sco t e a nd p os ly sib n L ong I t ch ing ton . A r e con s t ruc t ion o f S t on ey tho rpe l° 6 i e a r ly m ed i eva l t e r i to r ia l a ff i l ia t ion s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e m igh t r p rodu ce f u r the r e xamp l e s . I ti se ven p os le t o s p ecu la t e sib t h a t t h e a b sen ce o f ag r ove f r om t h e c en t ra l p l a ce r ef l ec t ed t h e r e l ian ce o ft h e r u le r s o ft h e se p r e sum ed e a r ly t e r i to r ie s r o n r e nd e r s f r om d epend en t s e t lem en t s r a th e r t h an o n h om e t p rodu c t ion o fw ood . T he o r gan i sa t ion o fa g r icu l tu r e w i th in t own sh ip s i s pe r t inen t t ot h e o r ig in s o ft h e l a te rm ed ieva l t e nan t s ' g rove s . I ff i e ld s w e r ec u l t iva t ed i nt h ee a r ly m ed ieva lp e r iod i n as im i la rw ay t ot h a td ocum en t ed i nt h e l a t e rm ed ieva lp e r iod , b yp ea san t s e a ch w o rk ing a n i n d iv idua l p o r t ion o f l a nd , t h en t h eo r e t i ca ly s om e o f t h o se i n d iv idua l e a r ly m ed ieva l l l a ndho ld ing sc ou ld h ave i n c lud ed w ood land a sw e la sa r ab l e l l a nd . I f l a rge o pen f i e ld s w e r e p r eced ed b y i la r ly regu s ubd iv id ed f i e ld s o r s ma l u nd iv id ed c r of t s , i t i s a l so l t h eo r e t i ca ly p os l e t h a t s ma l g r ove s c ou ld h ave b een l sib l s c a t e r ed a mong s t t h o se f i e ld s o r c r of t s a s t h ey a ppea r t o t h ave b een i ns om e p a r i sh e s i nn o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i nt h et h i r t een th c en tu ry . T h ey c ou ld h ave b een s wep t a way d u r ing t h e r e o rgan i sa t ion o ft h e f i e ld s a nd c r of t s i n to l a rge , r e gu la ro pen f i e ld s . T h e r e a r e n o m ino r p l a ce -nam e s t o s ugge s t t h e f o rm e r e x i s t en ce o ft e nan t s ' g r ove s i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw i ck sh i r e . H ow eve r , s ma l g r ove s c ou ld e a s i ly d i sappea rw i t hou t t r a ce . l C ompa r i son s o ff i f t een th -cen tu ry d ocum en t s a nd n i ne t een th c en tu ry m ap s ( i n T anwo r th in -A rd en , P a ckwood a nd B eaud e se r t , f o r e xamp le ) s how h ow c omp le t e ly l a t e r m ed ieva l g r ove s c ou ld d i sappea r , l e av ing n o t e ven af i e ld n am e t om a rk t h e i r f o rm e r s i t e s . ( Th e s u r v iva l o f af ew o f t h e m any g r ove s r e co rded i nT anwo r th in -A rd en s em s t o e h ave b een d ue t ot h ed eve lopm en to ft h eA r ch e re s ta t e s f r om t h e h o ld ing s o f f e low t en an t s a nd t h e p o l icy o f k ing l eep s om e w ood s i nh and f o rd i r ec t e xp lo i ta t ion . ) I f known l a t e r m ed ieva l g r ove s c ou ld d i sappea r s or e ad i ly , w i th in as ho r t e r s pa ce o ft im e a nd w i thou t af undam en ta l r e o rgan i sa t ion o f t h e l o ca l f i e ld s y s t em , s m a l e a r ly m ed ieva l g rove s w ou ld l h ave b een much mo r e v u lne rab le d u r ing a c omp le t e r e p lann ing o ft h ef i e ld s .

I nt h ed i scus bou tl a nd u se e a r l ie ri nt h i s c hap t e ri tw a s sion a n o t ed t h a t s om e , p e rhap s m any , l a t e r m ed i eva l t own sh ip s m ay h ave b een e ven o l de rl a nd u n i t s t h an t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i to r ie s o f w h ich t h ey w e r e c omponen t s . T h i s t h eo ry r r a i se s t h e p os i l i ty t h a t t h e w ood s a nd g rov e s a ta ch ed t o sib t t h o se t own sh ip s w e r e a l so p r e -m ed ieva l i n o r ig in . T h e c on t r a ry v i ew , t h a t t own sh ip s o r ig ina ted i n t h e f i s ion o f s e a r ly m ed ieva l t e r i to r ie s , s ugge s t s t h a t g r ove s m ay h ave r a cqu i r ed i n dependen t i d en t i t ie s d u r ing t h a t p roces f s o f i s ion , b yt h e s ubd iv i s ion o f aw ood w h ich h ad b e longed t o s t h e t e r i to ry a s a w ho le o r b y t h e f o rm a t ion o f s e conda ry r w ood land . T h i s s t udy o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w ood land m ak e s t h e l a t e r t a r gum en t m o r e d i ff i cu l t t os u s ta in . Wo ld s t e nd ed t oa d jo in e a ch o t h e r , b u tt h e s am e c anno tb e s a id o fg rove s . A sn o t ed i nt h ep r ev iou s c hap t e r , g rove sw e r en o tu sua ly l o ca t ed n ea r l w o ld s o r b y t h e g rove s o f n e ighbou r ing t own sh ip s . T h ey o f e r n o e v idence t o s uppo r t t h e p o s tu la t ed s ubd iv i s ion o f f

I ti st h e r ef o r e p os le t h a t i n t h e e a r ly m ed i eva l p er iod , sib b ef o r e t h e i n t rodu c t ion o f l a rge , r e gu la r o pen f i e ld s , t h e r e w e r e s m a l g r ove s a t ach ed t o s om e o f t h e l a ndho ld ing s l t w i th in t h e t own sh ip s o fs ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re . O n e 1 88

o ft h em m igh th ave b een a tached t ot h e l a nd w h ich b ecam e t t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l d em e sne . A l ter na t ive ly , d u r ing t h e r e o rgan i sa t ion o f t h e f i e ld s , t h e l o ca l l o rd m igh t h ave d ec ided , f o r e a ch t own sh ip , t ot a ke o ne o ft h e s ma l g rove s l i n to h i s c on t ro l . I nt h e a b sence o fs y s tema t ic a r cheo log ica l i n ve s t iga t ion i n to s e t lem en t p a te rn s i n Warw ick sh i r e , a nd t t g i ven t h e l a ck o fe a r ly m ed ieva l d ocumen ta ry e v iden ce , t h i s t h eo ry i s e x t r em e ly s p ecu la t ive , b u t t h e c ur t s t a t e o f ren k now ledge a bou t r e g iona l v a r ia t ion s i n f i e ld s y s tem s a nd s e t lemen t p a t er n s i no t he r c oun t ie s d oe s a tl e a s t a low i tt o t t l b e a dvanced a s ap os i l i ty . T he re i s a no the r p os le , sib sib t h ough much l a te r , p a ra le l i nn or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re . l I nC hap te r F ou r i tw a s s ugge s ted t h a t s ome d eme sne g rove s i nn o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re m igh th ave o r ig ina ted a st h e g rove s o fs ub s tan t ia l f r eeho lde r s a nd h ave b een p romo ted t o d eme sne s t a tu s a s m ano r s p ro l if e ra ted i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod . A l te rna t ive ly , a nd o n a n e qua ly s p ecu la t ive b a s i s , i t can b e l s ugge s ted t h a tt h e w ide sp read l o s o ft r ee s a nd t h e d ef in i t ion s o f r ema in ing w ood land i n s ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh i r e m igh t h ave o ccur t at im e w hen l o ca l l o rd s w e re s t rong red a e nough t o e s tab l i sh a m onopo ly o ve r t h e e nc lo su re o f h i the r to c ommon w ood land . T enan t s g rove s m ay a lway s h ave b een a b sen t f r om mo s t o f t h a t p a r t o ft h e c oun ty a nd m ay h ave d eve loped i n n or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re o n ly d u r ing l a te rc en tu r ie s . T he re i s ev idence o f amu l t ip l ic i ty o fm ed ieva l g rove s i no ne t own sh ip i ns ou th Wa rw ick sh i re , R a t ley . G rove s e x tan t i n t h e t we lf th c en tu ry a nd af i e ld -nam e p o in t t oa tl e a s t t h r ee g rove s t h e r e . O ne o f t h e se w a s c a led c n ih teg raue , t h e l r guab ly t h e p re -Conque s t e qu iva len t o f r e ta in e r ' s g rove , 1°7 a t h e g rove o f as ma l l a te rm ed ieva lm ano r . T h e d odd e sg rove l o f n e ighbou r ing R adway 1 0 8 a l so s ugge s t s w ood land a soc ia ted w i th ap e r son r a the r t h an at own sh ip . P a ra le l s s l c an b e d r awn b e tween t h e t e ra in a nd q uan t i t ie s a nd t y pe s o f r w ood land f ound i n R a t ley a nd s im i la r f e a tu re s i n s om e t own sh ip s i nn o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re . H oweve r , t h e n a tu re a nd n omenc la tu re o f R a t ley ' s w ood land o f e r n o f f u r the r c l ue s t o t h e p e r iod w hen t h e s e lf -con ta ined g rove s a ta ined s e pa ra te i d en t i t ie s . T he h i s to ry o fR a t ley ' s g rove s , i f t i t we r e k nown , m igh t r e semb le t h e o r ig in s o ft h e g rove s o f n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e .

o pen f i e ld s , a nd g rove s . Why , f o r e xamp le , w e r e t h e r e n o t e nan t s ' g rove s a mong s t t h e c r of t s o f S u ton C o ldf ie ld a nd t o n ly o ne r e co rded i nt h e n e ighbour ing E rd ing ton? D id t h e s e t lemen tp a t e rn t h e re a nd i ns ome o th e rp a r i she s b e long t o t t ad i f e ren t p ha se i nt h e h i s to ry o f t h e c oun t ry s ide f r om t h e f e nc lo sed f i e ld s a nd d i spe r sed s e t lem en t o f T anwo r th in t A rden? T heo r ie s m u s t a l so a coun t f o r t h e c oex i s tence o f t e nan t s ' c g rove s a nd c ommon w ood s . Whe re g rove s w e r e c onf ined t o t h e l o rd ' s d em e sne , c ommon w ood s p re sumab ly s u r v ived t o m ee t t h e n eed s o f p ea san t s f o r b o th f u e l a nd p a s tu re . H oweve r , r i gh t s t oe s tove r s a nd c o mmon p a s tu re i nw ood s c an b e f ound i np l ace s w i th n ume rou s t e nan t s ' g rove s , s u ch re g rove s a nd h edge s a r ound a sT anwo r th in -A rden . 1°9 Whe t h e i r c r of t s p rov id ed i n d iv idua l p ea san t s w i th f u e l , w hy d i d c ommon r i gh t sp e r s i s t ? A s m any h o ld ing s i nn o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e , e ven s om e i n T anwor th , d i d n o t i n c lud e g rove s , i ts e em s t h a t c ommon w ood s c on t inued t o m ee t a r e a l d emand e i the r a s ap r inc ipa l o rs upp lemen ta ry s ou r ce o f p a s tu r e a nd w ood . T enan t s w ho a l so h ad t h e i r o wn g rove s mu s th ave e n joyed t h eb e s to fb o th w ood s ! T he se q ue s t ion s a bou t t h e d i s t r ibu t ion o f t e nan t s ' g rove s s ugge s t t h a t t h e e vo lu t ion o f f i e ld s y s t em s a nd s e t lemen t t p a ter n s i n n o r th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i re w a s v a r ied a nd t c omp lex . Much m o re r e sea rch i s n eeded i n to t h e t o pog raph ica l h i s to ry o ft h e c oun ty i nt h e l i gh t o fs t ud ie s o f o t he rr e g ion s o fl ow land E ng land . T he n a tu re a nd h i s tory o f Warw ick sh i r e ' s w ood land c ou ld p rov ide an ew d imen s ion t o s uch r e sea r ch . D if r en t t y pe s o fw ood land m igh t h o ld t h e fe k ey t o t h e c h rono logy o f e nc lo sed f i e ld s y s tem s o r t o t h e d eg ree o f c hange i n t h e m ed ieva l c oun t ry s ide . A c omb ina t ion o fh i s tor ica l a nd a r cheo log ica lr e sea rch i n to t h e m ed ieva l s e t lemen th i s tory o fp a r i she s a nd t own sh ip s w i th a t s i gn if i can t n umbe r o f g rove s a nd o f p a r i she s o r t own sh ip s w i th p l en ty o f w ood s b u t f ew o r n o g rove s m igh t p roduce e nough e v id ence o f a ppa ren t ly c ommon f a c to r s t o t e s t a l ter n a t ive t h eo r ie s . O ne t h eo ry s ek s t o r e la te t e nan t s ' g rove s t o e n c lo sed o r e s ma l a nd i la r ly s ubd iv ided f i e ld s i n her i ted f r om t h e l regu e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod . T he o the r a soc ia te s t h em w i th s e nc lo sed f i e ld s f o rm ed d u r ing w ood land c l ea rance d u r ing t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod . I ft h e w e igh t o f e v idence i n o ne

E ach o f t h e t h eo r ie s a dvanced a bove mu s t a coun t f o r t h e c u neven d i s t r ibu t ion o fl a te rm ed ieva lg rove sw i th in n or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re . D em e sne g rove s w e re a b sen tf r om mo s t m ano r s a nd t e nan t s ' g rove s w e re c oncen t ra t ed i n c er ta in p a r i she s . T enan t s ' g rove s w e re a soc ia ted w i th p a r i she s o r s t own sh ip s w h ich h ad p l en ty o f w ood land i n t h e l a t e r m ed ieva lp er iod , b u t n o t a l p l ace s w h ich h ad l a rge a r ea s o f l

r e g ion s uppo r t ed o ne o ft h e se t h eor ie s , a na log ie s m igh t t h en b e d r awn f o r o t he r r e g ion s w h ich w e re c ha rac te r i sed b y s im i la r t y pe s o fw ood land b u t w he re r e sea rch h ad n o t b een u nder taken . T h e v i ew o f t h e h ea r t o f t h e A rden a s a n a r ea o f ' l a te ' ou ld p o in t t o t h e d eve lopm en t o f g rove s a s s e t lemen t 1 °w t t c on tempo raneou s w i th t h a t s e t lemen t . T he r e su l t s o f

w ood land h ad t e nan t s ' g rove s . We re s uch g rove s a b sen t f r om s om e p a r i she s i nn o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re f o r t h e

t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s i np a r t s o f wha th a s b een d e sc r ibed a s t h e c o re o f t h e A rden ( Tanwor th , P ackwood , K now le ,

s ame r e a son s t h a t t h ey w e re a b sen t f r om mo s t o fs ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh i r e? D id t h ey d i sappea r d u r ing c hange s t o t h e c oun t ry s id e w h ich o ccur u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l red d p e r iod ? O r w e re t h ey a lway s a b sen t f r om t h e se p a r i she s b ecau se o f a d i f e ren t s o c ia l s t ruc tu re , o r a d i f e ren t f f

1 l l B adde s ley C l in ton , Wroxa l , a nd F o r shaw i n S o l ihu l )1 c ompe l ar e app ra i sa l o f t h i s a r gumen t . I n s tead o f b e ing tendan t e xc lu s ive ly a t o n ' l a te ' s e t lemen t , s om e g rove s a t l e a s t m ay b e i n d ica to r s o fr e l ic t p re -m ed ieva l l a nd d i v i s ion s a nd a s oc ia l s t ruc tu r e a soc ia ted w i th t h e p e r s i s tence o f t d i spe r sed s e t lem en t . E v idence o f c on t inu i ty i nu se o f t h e l a nd c omb ined w i th al i ke ly p r e -Eng l i sh n ame f o r t h e r e g ion

c h rono logy o f l a nd d eve lopmen t a nd s e t lemen t i n t h o se t p l ace s? T he d i s t r ibu t ion o fg rove s s ugge s t s t h a t t h e re i sn o s imp le a soc ia t ion b e tween m ed ieva l c r of t s a nd i la r s regu 1 89

m ay b e mo re t h an m e re c o inc idence .

D r . R oden ' s s t udy o f

t h e C h i l tern f i e ld s y s tem s a nd w ood land w a s u nde r taken b ef o re t h e t e chn ique o f t o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s w a s w id e ly a pp l ied , s o i ti s no t k nown w he the r t h a t r e g ion , w i th i t s p r e E ng l i sh n am e a nd t e nan t s ' g rove s , a l so r e ta in ed p re -med ieva l r oad a nd f i e ld b ounda ry a l ignm en t s . 12 A s e xp la ined i n t h e p r ev iou s c hap te r , e ven w he re t h e s u rv iva l o f p r e -med ieva l b ounda ry s y s t em s h a s b een d e mon s t ra ted t h e f i e ld b ounda r ie s w i th in t h em m ay n o tb e a s o ld a s t h e o r ig ina l s y s t em s ; t h ey m ay h ave b een i n ser t ed l a te r i n c onf o rm i ty w i th t h e m a in f r amewo rk . A n a r ea o f w ood land b ounded b y r oad s o fR omano -B r i t i sh o r ig in c ou ld h ave b een c l ea red f o r c u l t iva t ion i n t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod , l w i th t h e n ew f i e ld b ounda r ie s f o low ing t h e e x i s t ing b oundary a l ignmen t s i nt h ea r ea . P a r t o ft h ew ood land c ou ld h ave b een s pa red , e nc lo sed a nd p re served a s ag rove . I ti s sib p os le , t h e ref o re , t h a t w h i l s t l a te rm ed ieva l t e nan t s ' g rove s e x i s ted w i th in a n o ld b ounda ry s y s tem t h e i r d e l inea t ion m ay h ave b een o f mo re r e cen to r ig in . T he re i s no d i rec te v idence o ft h e f o rma t ion o fg rove s d u r ing t h e t we lf th a nd t h i r teen th c en tu r ie s ; i n deed , i ns om e p l ace s c ha rac te r i sed b y e x t en s ive w ood land c l ea ran ce i nt h o se c en tu r ie s t h ey a r e c on sp icuou s b y t h e i r a b sence . H oweve r , t h ey m ay h ave b een t y p ica l o f a n e a r ly m ed ieva l , r a the r t h an R omano -B r i t i sh , p ha se o f w ood land d ef in i t ion . I n s om e p l ace s an umbe r o f e a r ly m ed ieva l g rove s may h ave mu l t ip l ied d u r ing t h e l a t e r m ed ieva lp er iod . f T he d i s t r ibu t ion o fd i f e ren t t y pe s o f w ood land i nt h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p er iod m ay t h u s b e t h e c umu la t ive r e su l t o f d eve lopmen t s

w h ich

s haped

a nd

s ha rpened

r e g iona l

f e d i f e ren ce s . R eg iona l v a r ia t ion i nw ood land s em s t oh ave t t p receded r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i nf i e ld a nd s e t lemen t p a te rn s . sib T he p os i l i ty t h a t t h e v a r ia t ion w a s o ft y pe a s much a so f q uan t i ty m ay p o in t t o f a c to r s w h ich a l so i n f luenced t h e t t d i ve r s if i ca t ion o fb o th f i e ld s y s t em sa nd s e t lemen tp a ter n s . s T he a soc ia t ion b e tween p l en t if u l w ood land a nd e nc lo sed l f i e ld s m ay h ave b ecome g r adua ly s t ronge r d u r ing t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod . T he g r ea te r v a r ie ty o fw ood land i nn o r th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i re m ay r e f lec t b o th t h e q uan t i ty o f w ood land a nd a comp lex t o pog raph ica l h i s tory . Med ieva l w ood land m ay b e mo re t h an a s imp le i n d ica to r o f b road r eg iona l v a r ia t ion . I t s n a tu r e a nd h i s to ry m ay a l so h e lp t o ren r ef ine s ome o f t h e c ur t t h eo r ie s a bou t s oc ia l , e conom ic fe a nd t o pog raph ica l h i s tory i nr u ra l E ng land . D if ren t t y pe s o fw ood land m ay s e rve a sp o in te r st oa spec t so fc on t inu i ty o r c hange i nt h e m ed ieva l c oun t ry s ide a nd c on sequen t ly t ot h e f a c to r s w h ich m ade f o r s t ab i l i ty o rd eve lopmen t . T hey m ay b e a s i mpor tan t i na n swe r ing q ue s t ion s a bou t t h e h i s to ry o f f t t h ec oun t ry s ide a sd i f e ren tt y pe so ff i e ld a nd s e t lemen t .

D ye r ,H anbury , p .1 . l W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p p . 5 -6 ; D ye r , ' The R e t rea t f r om Ma rg ina l L and ' , p p . 5 5 -7 a nd t h e w o rk s c i ted 3

4

t h e re . l sim 5 W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' ,p as . 6 F o r as umma ry o ft h er e sea r ch , i b id . l 7 F o r e xamp le , B ir r e l , ' Common R igh t s i nt h e Med ieva l F o r e s t ' ; Wa tk in s , ' T he Wood land E conomy o ft h e F o r e s to fA rden ' . l 8 F o r h e lpf u l s umma r ie s o f t h e d eba te , t o w h ich t h e f o low ing e l p a rag raph s a r e i n deb ted , s e W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l t L and scape s ' , p p . 6 -7 ; N . H igham , ' S e t lemen t , l a nd u se a nd D ome sday p l ough land s ' , L and scape H i s tor y , 1 2 ( 1990 ) , p p . 3-44 , e s ep p . 3 4 -5 . 9 J .T h i r sk , ' The O r ig in s o ft h e C ommon F i e ld s ' , P a s t &P re sen t , 3 3 ( Ap r i l , 1 966 ) , p p . 1 42 -7 i n s i s t s u pon t h e u se o f t h e t e rm

' c ommon f i e lds ' . 1 0 J .T i tow , ' Med ieva l E ng land a nd t h e O pen -F ie ld S y s tem ' , P a s t e & P re sen t , 3 2 ( Decembe r , 1 965 ) , p p . 8 6 102 , s e p . 9 6 . Wa rw ick sh i re h a s a n e xamp le f r om 1 252 -l eC ommunchaump i n fchu Of rch , PR O . , C P 2 5 / 1/244 /23 -a nd a tl e a s t o ne f ou r teen th c en tu ry e xamp le , i na n i n qu is i t ion p o s t mor tem d a t ing f r om 1 352 ring t a nd r e f er oL ong I t ch ing ton , i nc ommun ibu sc amp i s , PR O . , C 1 35 / 120 / 11 . D .N . H a l , ' The o r ig in s o f o pen -f ie ld a g r icu l tu re -th e 1 l a r chxo log ica l f i e ldwo rk e v idence ' , i ne d . T .R ow ley , T he O r ig ins o f O pen F ie ld A g r icu l tur e ( 1981) , p p . 2 2 -38 ; i d em , ' L a te S axon T opog raphy a nd E a r ly Med ieva l E s ta te s ' , e d . H ooke , Med ieva l V i lag e s ,p p . 6 1-9 , e spec ia ly p p . 6 3 -4 a nd 6 6 . l l l W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p .6 ; H igham , t ' S e t lemen t , l a nd u se a nd D ome sday p l ough land s ' ,p .3 4 . l 1 3 W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p .6 . 1 4 i b id a. ,p 1 . 1 2

1 5

F o re xamp le , e d . A .R .H . B ake ra nd R .A . B u t l in , S t ud ie so f Fie ld

sim S y s tem s i nt h e B r i t i sh I s le s ( 1973 ) ,p as ; S k ipp , ' T he E vo lu t ion t o fS e t lemen ta nd O pen -f ie ld T opog raphy i nN o r th A rden ' . l 1 6 W i l iam son ,' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' ,p .6 . 1 7 F o r t h e e vo lu t iona ry t h eo ry , J .T h i r sk , ' T he C ommon F i e ld s ' , P as t &P re sen t ,2 9 ( Decembe r , 1 964 ) ,p p . 3 -25 . l 1 8 B . C ampbe l , ' Commonf ie ld O r ig in s -T he R eg iona l D imen s ion ' , e i nR ow ley , T he O r ig ins o fO pen -F ie ld A g r icu l ture , p p . 12 -29 , s e p p . 19 -29 . 1 9 F ox , ' App roa che s t o t h e A dop t ion o f t h e M id land S y s tem ' ; i d em , ' T he A g ra r ian C on tex t ' , i n e d . i d em , T he O r ig ins o f t h e l sion s sion a M id land V i lage ( pape r s p r epa r ed f o r a di scus es tt h e E conom ic H is to ry S oc ie ty 's a nnua l c onf e rence , L e ice s te r , A p r i l , 1 992 ) ,p p . 3 6 -72 . 2 0 i , l oa; W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L andscape s ' , p .7 ; o n t t h e u se o f p lough team s , H igham , ' S e t lemen t , l a nd u se a nd l D ome sday p lough land s ' , e spec ia ly p p . 3 5 -6 . l 2 1 C ampbe l , ' Commonf ie ld O r ig in s ' , p . 1 28 , make s t h e c l a im ; l W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' ,p .8 ,d i spu te s i t . 2 2 F o r as umma ry o f t h e s oc ia l s t ruc tu r e t r ad i t iona l ly a s soc ia ted w i th ' wood land ' r e g ions a nd f o r q ua l if ica t ion s b a sed o n aw e s t m id land s e xamp le , D ye r , H anbu ty , p p . 4 8 -9 a nd t h e r e f e rence s

c i ted t h e re . 2 3 W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p .8 . l 2 4 T . W i l iam son , ' S e t lemen t C h rono logy a nd l t

R eg iona l

L and scape s : T he E v idence f r om t h e C lay land s o fE a s t A ng l ia a nd E sex ' , i ne d . H ooke , A ng lo -Saxon S e t lemen t s , p p . 1 53 -75 , s e p . s t e 1 74 . 2 5 J . F .R . Wa lm s ley , ' The C ensar i o f B u r ton A bbey a nd t h e i D ome sday p opu la t ion ' , N or th S t af ord sh ir e J ourna l o f F ie ld f 1

S t ud ie s , 8( 1968 ) ,p p . 7 3 -80 . l 2 6 W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p p . 1 0 12 . 2 7 S ee C . T ay lo r , F ie ld s i n t h e E ng l i sh L and scape ( 1 975 ) , C hap te r s 4a nd 5 ,a l so p .6 7 a nd p .9 4 ; P . J . F ow le r , ' Ag r icu l tu re a nd r u ra l s e t lemen t ' , i n e d . D .M . W i lson , T he A rchc eo logy o f t

S ee , f o re xamp le , H i l ton , S oc ia lS t r uc tur eo fR ura l W arw ick sh ir e

i n t h e M idd le A ge s , p p . 1 12 ; H a r ley , ' P opu la t ion t r end s a nd a g r icu l tu ra l d eve lopmen t s f r om t h e Wa rw ick sh i re H und red R o l s o f l 1 279 ' , p p . 9 ,1 2 ; R ober t s , S e t lemen t , L and U se a nd P opu la t ion , p . t 1 46 . F o rt h e se t e rm s , R ackham ,H i s tory o f th e C oun t ry s id e ,p p . 4 5 .

A ng lo -Saxon E ng land ( 1978 ) , p p2 3 -48 , s ep p . 2 6 ,4 4 . e

2

1 90

l H a l , ' T he L a te S axon C oun t ry s ide ' . M .W . B e re sf o rd a nd J .G . H u r s t , ' Wha ram P e rcy : aC a se S t udy r i nM ic ro topog raphy ' , i n e d . S awye r , E ng l i sh M ed ieva l S e t lemen t , t p . 5 2 -85 , s ee s pec ia ly p .8 4 ; J .G . H u r s t , ' T he Whar e sea r ch p e l ram R P ro jec t : P rob lem O r ien ta t ion a nd S t ra tegy 1 950 1990 ' , i n e d . H ooke , Med ieva l V i lag e s ,p p . 2 0 1-4 , s ee spec ia ly p .2 04 . l e l t 3° F o r e xamp le , C .C . T ay lo r , ' P o lyf oca l s e t lemen t a nd t h e E ng l i sh l v i lage ' , Med ieva lA rchaeo logy , 2 1 ( 1977 ) , p p . 1 89 -93 ; C . J . B ond , l ' Med ieva l O xf o rd sh i re V i lage s a nd t h e i r T opog raphy : a sion l P re l im ina ry D i scus ' , i ne d . H ooke , Med ieva l V i lage s , p p . 1 0 1-

2 8

2 9

l F o re xamp le , W i l iam son , ' P a r ish b ounda r ie sa nd e a r ly f i e ld s ' , p . 2 47 ; D . H ooke , ' E a r ly f o rm s o fo pen -f ie ld a gr icu l tu re i nE ng land ' ,

5 2

rong i ne d . U . S por , T he T ransf orma t ion o fR ura lS oc ie ty , E conomy a nd L and scape , P ape r s f r om t h e 1 987 m ee t ing o f t h e P e rmanen t E u ropean C onf e rence f o r t h e S t udy o f t h e R u ra l L and scape , e l ( Un ive r s i ty o fS t ockho lm ) ,p p . 1 43 -51 , s ee spec ia ly p .1 5 1 . l W i l iam son , ' P a r i sh b ounda r ie s a nd e a r ly f i e ld s ' i sb a sed o n fo r e sea r ch i nN o rf o lk a nd S uf lk , w he re l a rge sca le o pen f i e ld s w e re a b sen t . 5 4 H ooke , A ng lo -Saxon L and scape s o ft h e W e s t M id land s : t h e

5 3

2 3 .

C har te rE v id ence ,p .1 05 . R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land , C hap te r 8 ,s e e e spec ia l ly p p . 9 7 , 1 04 -6 .

l e l H a l , ' T he L a te S axon C oun t ry s ide ' ; s e a l so T . W i l iam son , t s ' T he d eve lopmen t o fs e t lemen t i nn o r th -we s t E sex : t h e r e su l t s o f 3 1

5

s r e cen t f i e ld s u rvey ' , E sex A rch c eo log y a nd H i s tory , 1 7 ( 1986 ) , p p . 1 20 -32 . l t 3 2 W i l iam son , ' S e t lemen t C h rono logy a nd R eg iona l L and scape s : s e T he E v idence f r om t h e C lay land s o f E a s t A ng l ia a nd E sex ' , s e l e s pec ia ly p p . 1 53 -6 .

5 6 b id . , p . 1 05 ; i d em , T r ee s a nd W ood land i n t h e B r i t i sh i L and scape ( s econd e d i t ion ) ,p .3 5 . 5 7 S ee , f o r e xamp le , R .H . H i l ton , A Med ieva l S oc ie ty ( s econd

3 3

e d i t ion , 1 983 ) ,p .1 3 . 5 8 D ye r , H anbury , p p . 1 0 11 ;

1 2 . 3 4

W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l l

L and scape s ' ,p .7 .

Wa rne r , G r eens , C ommons a nd C lay land C o lon iza t ion , p p . 9 -

R a ckham , H i s to ry o ft h e C oun t ry s id e , p . 8 4 ; i d em , A nc ien t W ood land , p .1 3 1 . 6° F u lf o rd , ' T he L and scape o fR oman B r i ta in ' ,p .2 9 . 6 1 F o re xamp le , D ye r , ' T he R e t rea tf r om Ma rg ina l L and ' ,p p . 5 2 -3 . 6 2 H igham ,R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h eA ng lo -Saxons ,p .7 9 . 5 9

i b id . ,p .1 5 .

A .E . B rown a nd C .C . T ay lo r , ' T he o r ig in s o f d i spe r sed s e t lemen t ; s ome r e su l t s f r om f i e ldwo rk i n B edf o rd sh i r e ' , t L and scape H i s tor y , 1 ( 1989 ) ,p p . 6 1-8 1 . 3 5

W i l iam son ,' E a r ly C o -ax ia l F i e ld S y s tem s ' , p .4 27 . l F u lf o rd , ' T he L and scape o fR oman B r i ta in ' , p .3 0 . 6 5 M . B e l , ' E nv i ronmen ta l A rchxo logy a sa n I ndex o fC on t inu i ty l a nd C hange i n t h e Med ieva l L and scape ' , e d . A s ton , A u s t in a nd D ye r , T he R ura lS e t l emen t s o f Med ieva l E ng land , p p . 2 69 -86 , s e t e p . 2 74 -6 , 2 86 ; H igham , R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h eA ng lo -Saxons , p p . p 7 -9 . 7

D y e r ,H anbu ry , p p . 1 5 18 , 3 6 -4 1 . t B rown a nd T ay lo r , ' The o r ig in s o fd i spe r sed s e t lemen t ' , p p . 6 9 , 7 2 , 7 6 -7 ,7 9 . s l s 3 8 F o r E sex , W . R odwe l , ' R e l ic t L and scape s i n E sex ' , i n e d . l H .C . B owen a nd P . J . F ow le r , E ar ly L and A lo tmen t , B r i t ish A r chwo log ica l R epor t s ( B r i t i sh S e r ie s ) 4 8 ( 1 978 ) , p p . 8 9 -98 ; l t D rury a nd R odwe l , ' L a te I r on A ge a nd R oman s e t lemen t ' ; T . l t W i l iam son , ' T he R oman c oun t ry s ide : s e t lem en ta nd a g r icu l tu re i n s N .W . E sex ' , B r i tann ia , 1 5 ( 1984 ) , p p . 2 25 -30 ; f o r E a s t A ng l ia ,

6 3

3 6

6 4

3 7

6 6

F u lf o rd , ' T he L and scape o fR oman B r i ta in ' , p .2 9 .

C lay s ' , P roceed ing s o ft h e P reh i s tor ic S oc ie ty , 5 3 ( 1987 ) , p p . 4 19 3 1 ; f o r s ou th -ea s t E ng land , H igham , R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h eA ng lo -

W i l l iam son ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p .1 0 . 6 8 F o r e xamp le , R oden , ' Wood land a nd i t s Managemen t i n t h e Med ieva l C h i l te rn s ' ; R ackham , T ree s a nd W ood land i nt h eB r i t i sh L and scape ( s econd e d i t ion ) , s e e spec ia ly p . 5 ; W imey , ' T he e l

se t S axons , p p . 1 30 , 1 32 ; f o r L inco ln sh i re , S .R . B as t , ' B eyond t h e e dge o fe xcava t ion : t h et opog raph ica l c on tex to fG o l tho ' , i ne d . H .

Wood land E conomy o fK en t ' . 6 9 R a ckham , H i s tory o ft h e C oun tr y s id e , p . 9 ;

May r -Ha r t ing a nd R . I . Moo re , S t ud ie s i n Med ieva l H i s tory fo P r e sen ted t o R .H .C . D av i s ( 1985 ) , p p . 2 1-39 ; f o r S taf rd sh i re , i d em , ' Med ieva l L i chf ie ld . AT opog raph ica l R ev iew ' , T ransac t ions ford o ft h e S ou th S t af sh ire A rchc eo log ica l a nd H i s tor ica l S oc ie ty , I ( e XXI 1980 -8 1) , p p . 9 3 12 1 , s ep p . 9 5 -8 ; f o r Wa rw ick sh i re , i d em , t T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r epor tn o . 4 ,p p . 1 5 -2 1 . l 3 9 F o r e xamp le , W i l iam son , ' E a r ly C o -ax ia l F i e ld S y s tem s ' , p p .

i i sim W ood land ,p .v i a nd p as . l 7 0 F o re xamp le , B ir re l , ' Common R igh t si nt h e Med ieva l F o r e s t ' . 7 1 F o r e xamp le , W i tney , ' T he Wood land E conomy o f K en t ' , p p . 3-5 . 7 2 R a ckham , T r ee s a nd W ood land i n t h e B r i t i sh L and scape ( s econd e d i t ion ) , p p . 3 9 , 5 , 6 2 -3 . l 7 3 W i l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p . 1 0 , a pp roa che s t h i s v i ew , a l though t h e s t a temen t s t h a t " wood s s e nsu s t r ic to w e re , i ng ene ra l , p r iva te m anor ia l p rope r ty " a nd t h a t t h e re w a s " a n e a r ly t e ndency " f o rw ooded w a s te t ob eh e ld i ns e ve ra l ty i n w ood land r e g ion s d o n o t s qua re w i th t h e e v idence f r om Wa rw ick sh i r e . i 7 4 b id .

6 7

i d em , ' E a r ly C o -ax ia l F i e ld S y s tem s o n t h e E a s t A ng l ian B ou lde r

4 25 -7 . 4 0 i b id . , p .4 20 . 4 1

M . F u lf o rd , ' T he L and scape o f R oman B r i ta in :

A R ev iew ' ,

e L and scape H i s tory , 1 2 ( 1990 ) , p p . 2 5 -31 , s ep .2 7 . 4 2 T ay lo r ,F ie ld si nt h eE ng l i sh L and scape ,p .6 7 . 4 3

l W i l iam son ,' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p .9 .

l V o lan s , ' T he E vo lu t ion o fF a rm -Land s i nt h eC en t ra l C h i l te r n s ' ; e l R oden , S t ud ie s i n C h i l tern F ie ld S y s tem s , s e e spec ia ly p p . 9 1 ,

S ee , f o re xamp le , P .S a lway ,R oman B r i ta in ( 1 98 1) ,p p . 5 42 -4 . l F ox , ' T he O r ig in s o f t h e M id land V i lage ' , p p . 6 4 -6 ; P . J . F ow le r , ' F a rm ing i nt h e A ng lo -Saxon l a nd scape : a n a r chxo log is t 's r e v iew ' ,A ng lo -Saxon E ng land , 9( 198 1) , p p . 2 63 -80 , s e e spec ia ly e l

7 5

4 4

4 5

sion o 1 27 , 1 83 , 2 55 , 3 14 , 3 50 , 3 54 -5 . T he p e rm is ft h e L ib ra r ian o f t l t h e U n ive r s i ty o f L ondon t o c i te t h e l a te r w o rk i s g r a tef u ly a cknow ledged . l e 7 6 T he re h a s b een af u l s u rvey o f A dm ing ton , f o r w h ich s e C . t D ye r ' s s umma ry i n t h e Med ieva l S e t lem en t R e sea rch G roup ' s A nnua l R epo r t 1 0 ( 1995 ) , p .4 2 , b u tt h is p a r i sh w a s n o t p a r t o ft h e D ome sday c oun ty . T he re h a s b een s ome f i e ld -wa lk ing i nB a r s ton t a nd i n t h e e a s t o f S u ton C o ldf ie ld u nde r t h e a u sp ice s o f t h e B irm ingham a nd Wa rw ick sh i r e A r chxo log ica l S oc ie ty . Ag r oup o f v o lun tee r sh a sr e cen t ly s t a r ted f i e ld s ur vey i nT y soe p a r i sh a nd i ti s h oped t oe x tend t h is i nd ue c ou r se t oa d ja cen tp a r i she s . 7 7 H ooke ,' V i l lage D eve lopmen ti nt h e We s tM id land s ' .

p .2 73 f . t A . Wa tk in s , ' C a t le G raz ing i nt h e F o re s t o fA rden i nt h e L a te r M idd le A ge s ' , A g r icu l tura l H i s tory R ev iew , 3 7 ( 1989 ) , p p . 1 2 -25 ,

4 6

e s ep .1 3 . l A s i n W i l iam son , ' Exp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , p .7 and

4 7

D ye r ,H anbur y ,p p . 1 0 11 . i bid. , 0.

4 8

p

.

1

H igham , R ome , B r i ta in a nd t h e A ng lo -Saxons , C hap te r Two , l e spec ia ly p p . 3 7 -9 . l 5° R . F a i th , ' E s ta te s , d eme sne s a nd t h e v i lage ' , i n e d . F ox , T he

4 9

l O r ig ins o ft h eM id land V i lag e ,p p . 1 -35 . 5 1 F o r e xamp le , F ox , ' T he A g ra r ian C on tex t ' , p p . 3 8 -9 ;

i d em , A nc ien t

T he l i s t i nH .L . G ray , E ng l i sh F ie ld S y s tems ( 19 15 ) , p .3 1 i s s upp lemen ted b y T a te , ' E nc lo su re A c t s a nd a wa rd s r e la t ing t o Wa rw ick sh i re ' , p . 5 6 . D u r ing t h e r e sea rch i n to t h e w ood land o f

7 8

B la i r ,

E ar ly Med ieva lS ur rey , p p . 2 4 -30 . 1 91

m ed ieva l Wa rw ick sh i re , r e co rd s o f t wo o pen f i e ld s h ave b een f o und i n r e la t ion t o T y soe ( P .R .O . , E 3 15 /48 / 115 ) , N ap ton ( W .C .R .O . , CR 1248 /7 1/20 -2 , CR 1248 /72 /2 , CR 1248 /73 /4 ) , S huckbu rgh ( W .C . R.O . , CR 1248 /70 /2 , CR 1248 /71 /2 -4 , t se ( CR 1248 /68 /7 ) , S t r e ton -on -Fos P .R .O . , E 3 26 /4843 , 4 835 , 4 8 17 ) , B ishop ' s I t ch ing ton ( W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /Cupboa rd 4 /Top s h e lf /CAR / 1) , F enny C omp ton (W .C .R .O . , L 1/ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 1 2 ) , G randbo rough ( P .R .O . , E3 15 /378 , f .1 2 r ) , H a rbu ry , ( B .L . , A dd . MS . , 4 7 ,677 , f . lx xi i i) , H odne l l ( B .L . , A dd . C h s . 4 8 , 154 , 4 8 , 16 1) , R a t ley ( P .R .O . , E3 26 / 11626 ) , H amp ton L ucy ( RB W , p . 2 63 ) , se t S t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon ( RB W , p .2 43 ) , D as t ( P .R .O . , E 315 /378 , f . t 7 r ) , E t ing ton ( W .C .R .O . , CR229 /box 1 8 /3 / 1-2 ) , A s ton C an t low ( P .R .O . , C 2 63 /2 / 1) , F a rnbo rough ( S taf fs . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/8 ) , S awb r idge ( Camb r idge U n ive r s i ty L ib ra ry , A dd . 3 02 1 , f .4 47 ) ; B in ton , ( P .R .O . , E3 15 /45 /39 , 1 77 ) . F o r C omp ton V e rney , D ye r a nd B ond , C omp ton Murdak . 7 9 F o rt h ed eed sr e la t ing t oF enny C omp ton , W .C .R .O . , L 1/ 1 , 2 ,4 , 5 ,1 2 . l 8 0 H a l ,' T he L a te S axon C oun t ry s ide ' ,p p . 1 00 1 , 1 09 10 . 8 1 C .C . T ay lo r a nd P . J . F ow le r , ' Roman F i e ld s i n to Med ieva l F u r long s ' , i n e d . B owen a nd F ow le r , E ar ly L and A l lo tmen t , p p . 1 59 -62 . t t 8 2 F o rd , ' S ome S e t lemen t P a ter n s i nt h e C en t ra l R eg ion o ft h e Wa rw ick sh i r e A von ' , p . 2 86 ; C .J . B ond , ' De se r ted Med ieva l l V i lage s i n Wa rw ick sh i re : A R ev iew o f t h e F i e ld E v idence ' , e T BW AS , 8 6( 1 974 ) ,p p . 8 5 112 ,s ep .8 8 . s ance o 8 3 G . Web s t e r a nd B . H ob ley , ' Ae r ia l R econna is ve r t h e Wa rw ick sh i re A von ' ,A rchwo log ica lJ ourna l , 1 2 1 ( 1964 ) ,p p . 1 22 . t t 8 4 F o rd , ' S ome S e t lemen t P a ter n s ' , p .2 86 ; f o r a n e xamp le o f l t u ns ta l ,D ye ra nd B ond , C omp ton Murdak . se t t 8 5 B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r epor t n o . 4 ,p . 2 1 . 8 6 S ee t h eR eg is te ro fC hacombe P r iory ,P .R .O . , E3 15 /378 , f . 12 r . 8 7 N .W . A lcock , ' G randbo rough a p rob lem i n t o pog raphy ' , W arw ick sh i re H i s tory ,V o l . 1 ,N o . 4( Au tumn , 1 970 ) ,p p . 2 3 -7 . 8 G e l l ing , W e s t M id land s i nt h e E ar ly M idd le A ge s , p p . 3 0 -48 ; W i se ,' Wa spe r ton ' ,p .2 58 . 8 9 B as t ,' Chu r ch a nd d i oce se i nt h e We s tM id land s ' ,p p . 1 5 16 . se t 9 0 B as t , W oo ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r epor tn o . 4 ,p .2 1 . se t t 9 1 R obe r t s ,S e t t lemen t ,L and U se a nd P opu la t ion ,f i g .4 8 . 9 2 P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .2 04 r -206 r ,c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,M I4 09 . 9 3 S ee , f o r e xamp le , H i l ton , S oc ia l S t ruc tur e o f R ura l W arw ick sh ir e ,p .1 . 9 4 W i l l iam son , ' E xp la in ing R eg iona l L and scape s ' , e spec ia l ly p p . 8 1 0 . 9 5 B as se t t , W oo t ton W awen P ro jec t : i n ter im r epor tn o . 4 ,p p . 1 6 2 1 . 9 6 S .B as se t t , T he W oo t ton W awen P ro jec t : i n te r im r epor t n o . 2 , ( Un ive r s i ty o fB i rm ingham , 1 984 ) ,p p . 8 9 . 9 7 R obe r t s , S e t t lemen t , L and U se a nd P opu la t ion , F igu re s 4 4 , 4 8 ; h oweve r , t h e re w a s r i dge a nd f u r row e l sewhe re i nt h e p a r ish , o ve r p a r to ft h ea r ea e nc lo sed i nt h el a te rL adb roke P a rk , s e eT a ske r , T he N a tur eo fW arw ick sh ire ,p .3 0 . 9 8 S .R . B as se t t ,p e r sona lc ommun ica t ion . 9 9 C . P hy th ian A dam s , C on t inu i ty , F ie ld s a nd F i s s ion : T he Mak ing o f a M id land P ar i sh ,U n ive r s i ty o fL e ice s te rD epa r tmen to f E ng l i sh L oca l H i s to ry O cca s iona l P ape r s , T h i rd S e r ie s , n umbe r 4 ( 1 978 ) , s e e i n p a r t icu la r p p . 4 -5 , 2 4 -31 . T he d e sc r ip t ion o f t h e n a tu ra l r e sou rce s o ft h e a r ea i n t h e t e n th c en tu ry i sb a sed o n a n a t t r ibu t ion o f ap r e -Conque s t c ha r te r w h ich D r . G e l l ing h a s s hown t ob e m is taken , s e e h e r r e v iew i n T BW AS , 9 0 ( 1980 ) , p p . 8 5 -6 . I a m i n deb ted t oD r . S .R . B as se t t f o r d raw ing my a t ten t ion t ot h a t r e v iew , w h ich u nf o r tuna te ly s e em s t o h ave b een o ve r looked b y S qu i re s a nd J e eve s , L e ice s ter sh ire a nd R u t land W ood land s P a s t a nd P r e sen t , p .2 3 . H oweve r , t h e m ino r n ame s i nh o l t i nW ib tof t a nd W i l ley ( s ee t h e a ccoun t o f w o ld s i n C hap te r F ive a bove )

1 0 0

H a l l ,' T he L a te S axon C oun t ry s ide ' ,p . 10 .

1 0 1 F ox ,' T he A g ra r ian C on tex t ' ,p p . 6 4 -6 . 1 02 ibid. , 5. p

.

O nt h ei mpo r tance o fl a rge a r ea so fg r az ing f o rf l ock so fs h eep , i b id . ,p .5 7 . 1 04 O n t h e c hange i nt h e m ean ing o ft h e w o rd f e ld a ta bou t t h e t ime o pen f i e ld sw e re i n t roduced ,i b id . ,p p . 5 8 -9 . 1 0 5 F ox ,' T he p eop le o ft h ew o ld s ' ,p as sim . 1 06 T he n ame " The G rove C lo se o rG round s " a ppea r s o n am ap o f t h eS t oney tho rpe e s ta te d a ted 1 754 (W .C .R .O . , CR 1470 /Box 2 )a nd i n a deed o f 1 62 1 ( W .C .R .O . , CR 1470 /box 2 / bund le 7 ) , b u t n o m ed ieva l o rs i x teen th -cen tu ry r e co rd o fw ood land h a s b een f o und , h ence t h eh e s i ta t ion o ve rt h ee x i s tence o f am ed ieva l g r ove . 1 0 7 F o r R a t ley 's g rove s , s e e C hap te r Two a nd t h e r e f e r ence s c i ted t h e re ,n o tab ly S .B .T , DR 10 / 1406 , f .2 03 -23 ; P .R .O . , E 326 / 11626 , E3 29 /234 . 1 0 8 S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1457 . 1 09 B .L . ,A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 ,f .9 8 ,c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,M I 1 77 . 1 03

1 0 F o r e xamp le , H i l ton , S oc ia lS t ruc tur e o f Rura l W arw ick sh ire , p p . 1 12 . 1 1 R obe r t s ,S e t t lemen t ,L and U se a nd P opu la t ion ,p .8 6 . 12 D r . R oden ' s t h e s i s w a s c omp le ted i n 1 965 . F o r t h e o r ig in o f C h i l ter n , E . E kwa l l , T he C onc i se O xf ord D ic t ionar y o fE ng l i sh P lace -N ame s( f ou r th e d i t ion , 1 960 ) ,p .1 04 .

i n d ica te t h e p r e sence o fw ood land i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , a t l e a s to nt h e Wa rw ick sh i re s i de o f Wa t l ing S t ree t . 1 92

Chapter Seven C O N C L USI O NS:

C O N TI N UI T Y

A im s a nd o b jec t ive s : t he r e su l t s T h i s c onc lud ing c hap te r a ses s h ow f a r t h e r e sea rch h a s s se a ch ieved t h e a im s a nd o b jec t ive s w h ich w e re s e t o u t i nt h e i n t roduc t ion . I tw i lt h en c on s ide rw he the r , i nt h e l i gh to ft h e l s t udy ' s c onc lu s ion s , t h e w ood s o f m ed ieva l Wa rw ick sh i re c an b e s en a s r e la t ive ly p e rmanen t f e a tu re s i n ac hang ing e c oun t ry s ide .

AN D

CH A N G E

e x i s ten ce o f s eve ra l g rove s i nt h e t we lf th c en tu ry m ake s i t p os le t o s ugge s t t h a t b o th c opp ic ing a nd w ood p a s tu re sib w e re p rac t i sed i nt h e r e g ion a ta n e a r l ie r d a te . T he r e sea r ch d emon s t ra t e s t h e v a r ie ty o fw ood land i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod -w ood s , o u twood s a nd c ommon w ood s , g rove s a nd h ay s . T enan t s ' g rove s w e re c oncen t ra t ed i nc er ta in p a r i she s ; n eg lec t ed i n mo s t p r ev iou s h i s to r ica l s t ud ie s , t h ey s how t h a t l a te r m ed ieva l w ood s w e re n o t n eces r i ly c ommon o r sa r e s t r ic ted t ol o rd s .

C hap te r Two a ch ieved t h e f i r s t o b jec t ive o f t h e s t udy b y e f ec t ive ly d i spo s ing o f t h e a ser t ion t h a t Wa rw ick sh i re f s

I nv i ew o ft h e p auc i ty o fd ocumen ta ry e v idence f o rt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod i t is n o t s u rp r i s ing t h a t i th a s p roved much mo re d i ff i cu l t t o e s t ima t e t h e a moun t s o f w ood land i n Wa rw ick sh i r e d u r ing t h a t p e r iod . T he l e ve l a nd c h rono logy o f t h e f o rma t ion o f s e conda ry w ood land a l so r ema in u ncer ta in . H oweve r , c r i t ica l e xam ina t ion o ft h e e v idence o f

s ou th a nd e a s t o ft h e A von w a s " wood les n 1 086 . I n t h e s" i p roces tw a s s hown t h a t t h e s i lva o fD ome sday B ook w a s s i p robab ly w ood p a s tu re , a nd t h a tt h eD ome sday s u rvey s em s e t oh ave om i ted Warw ick sh i re 's g rove s , w i th t h e a iden ta l t cc e x cep t ion o ft h a t i nL igh tho rne . T he e v idence f o r w ood land

p l ace -nam e s , p a r t icu la r ly m ino r n am e s i n c lud ing w o ld , l e ah a nd h y r s t , h a s l e d t o t h e c onc lu s ion t h a t t h e r e w e r e s i gn if ican t a moun t s o f w ood land i n s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i nt h e e a r ly c en tur ie s o ft h e p e r iod , a l though a ppa ren t ly s t i l l e s t h an i nt h e n or th a nd w e s t o ft h e c oun ty . l s Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s l a te r m ed ieva l w o ld s w e re i na l p robab i l i ty l f o rme r w ood s , w h ich a r guab ly l o s t t h e i r t r ee s d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p er iod , b u t t h e p l ace -name e l em en tl e ah m ay r e f lec t a s much a n i n c r ea se a s ar educ t ion i n w ood land .

i n s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re d u r ing t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p er iod a nd i n1 086 i mp l ie s t h a t t h e t wo d i s t inc t t r ad i t ion s o f w ood land m anagemen t , c opp ic ing a nd p a s tu re , e x i s ted b y t h e e l even th c en tu ry . T he se c onc lu s ion s w e re f o re shadowed i nt h e a u tho r ' s e a r l ie r r e sea rch i n to t h e h i s to ry o fH amp ton Wood a nd a r ec onf i rmed b yt h i sw ide rs t udy . C hap t e r s T h r ee a nd F ou r d ea l t w i th t h e w ood land o f n or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod . T he w ood land o f t h e A von v a ley b e low S t ra t f o rd -upon -Avon l r e semb l ed t h a t s ou th a nd e a s t o f t h e r i ve r i ni t s n a tu re a nd d i s t r ibu t ion . F u r the r n or th a nd w e s t t h e re w a s much mo re w ood land t h an i n t h e s ou th a nd e a s t , b o th i n 1 086 a nd s ub sequen t ly . T he t h eory t h a t mo s t o ft h e w ood land l o s t i n t h i s a r ea d u r ing t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry w a s w ood p a s tu re i s c e r ta in ly s uppo r ted b y c a se s i n t h e k ing ' s c ou r t s . T he re i s e v idence o f a sa r t ing i n t h e t we lf th c en tu ry , b u t n o t i n s e nough d e ta i l t op u r sue t h e a r gumen t t h a t t h e w ood land l o s t t h en w a s a l so m a in ly w ood p a s tu re r a the r t h an c opp ice w ood s , a l though t h e c i rcum s tan t ia l e v iden ce f r om S tone le igh d oe s p o in t t o t h a t c onc lu s ion . T he a soc ia t ion b e tween s a sa r t ing a nd w ood p a s tu re m ay s imp ly r ef l ec t t h e s t rong s t r ad i t ion o f c ommon p a s tu r e i n t h e r e g ion . T he l o s o f s w ood land , w h ich may h ave b een c au sed a s much o r mo re b y o ve r -g raz ing a s b y d e l ibe ra te c l ea rance , a ppea r s t o h ave i n vo lved ac hange i n l a nd u se r a the r t h an t h e s e t lem en t o f t n ew t e r i tory . T he re w a s e xpan s ion o f s e t lem en t , b u t t h e r t u se o f t h e w o rd ' c o lon iza t ion ' , w h ich h a s b een a pp l ied s o

D e sp i t e c a r ef u l c on s ide ra t ion o f p os le m ean ing s , t h e sib s i gn if i cance o f t h e a ppe la t ive s G raf ton a nd Woo ton h ave l t p roved e l u s ive . T he r e su l t s o ft o pog raph ica l a na ly s i s i nt h e Woo ton Wawen t a r ea a r e v e ry r e levan tt ot h e s t udy . T hey s how t h a t t h i s p a r t o fn or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e d id n o t h ave ac on t inuou s , d en se c ove r o fw ood d u r ing t h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod , b u t t h ey d o n o t e xc lud e t h e p r e sence o f w ood land . S om e s e conda ry w ood land m ay h ave d eve loped a l ong s ide w ood s w h ich e x i s ted i n t h e R omano -Br i t i sh p e r iod , b u t t h e e xac t q uan t i t ie s o f w ood land a nd d eg ree s o f c hange i n b o th t h e R omano -B r i t i sh a nd e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod s r ema in u nknown . T he t r ad i t ion o f i n t e rcommon ing i n a d jo in ing w ood s b e long ing t o p a r i she s o r t own sh ip s w h ich h ad n o k nown t e nu r ia l l i nk s o r e c le s ia s t ica l a ff i l ia t ion s m ay p o in t c t o ap re -m ed ieva l o r ig in f o r s u ch c ommon p a s tu re a nd h ence f o r t h e w ood s i n w h ich i tw a s p rac t i sed . A long s ide t h e p o t en t ia l a n t iqu i ty o f m any w ood s a nd r i gh t s o f c ommon p a s tu re t h e re m ay h ave b een a n e qua ly s t rong , s e pa ra te l t r ad i t ion o fe nc lo sed c opp ice w ood s c a led g rove s . l

o f t en t o t o pog raph ica l c hange i n n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i nt h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod , i si n app rop r ia te . E ven b ef o re t h i s c hange , t h e l a rge amoun t s o f D ome sday s i lva m ay h ave c omb ined t r ee s a nd g r as o f o rm a r ea s o f s t w ood land w h ich w e re r e la t ive ly o pen a nd a cces le , r a the r sib t h an d en se a nd f o rb idd ing .

C hap te r S ix d eve loped t h e t h em e o f r e g iona l v a r ia t ion b y c on s ide r ing t h e o r ig in s o fd i f e ren t t y pe s o fw ood land i nt h e f c on tex t o f f i e ld s y s t em s , s e t lemen t p a te rn s a nd l a nd u se . t t R eg iona l v a r ia t ion i na moun t s o fw ood land a ppea r s t oh ave p receded r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i nf i e ld a nd s e t lemen t p a ter n s . t t T he s ugge s ted l i nk b e tween Warw ick sh i re ' s w o ld s a nd t h e c r ea t ion o fo pen f i e ld s m ay b e c omp lex . T he d i s t r ibu t ion o f d i f e ren tt y pe s o fw ood land i nt h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p e r iod m ay f b e t h e c umu la t ive r e su l t o f e a r l ie r d eve lopm en t s w h ich

T h e w id e sp r ead d i s t r ibu t ion o f s i lva i n n or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i n1 086 d oe s n o t a low D ome sday B ook t ob e l u sed a s e v id ence o f t wo s epa ra te t r ad i t ion s o f w ood land m anagemen t i n t h i s p a r t o f t h e c oun ty . H oweve r , t h e 1 93

Wood land b ef o re c . 1250 h a s b een r e ga rded a sf a rl e s s t ab le , s much o f t h e s i lva r e co rded i n D om e sday B ook h av ing T he d i sappea red d u r ing t h e i n terven ing 1 60 y ea r s .5 e mpha s i s o n c hange i n t h i s s t udy o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w ood land c ou ld b e a t r ibu ted t h e ref o r e t ot h e a t emp t t od ea l t t

s ha rpened r eg iona l v a r ia t ion . T he h i s tory o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s m ed ieva l w ood land m ay m ake a s ma l c on t r ibu t ion t o l r e sea r ch i n to t h e d eve lopmen t o fr eg iona l t o pog raphy . T he d i f e r en t t ype s o f w ood land m ay h ave d eve loped d u r ing f d i f e ren t p e r iod s a nd a s ac on sequence o fd i ve r se s oc ia l a nd f e conom ic c ond i t ion s . T hey m ay s e rve a s p o in te r s t o t h e i n c id ence a nd c h rono logy o f c on t inu i ty o r c hange i n t h e c oun t ry s id e . C on t inu i ty a nd c hange i nt he d i s tr ibu t ion o fw ood land

w i th t h e w ho le o f t h e m ed ieva l p er iod . H oweve r , t h e a coun to fw ood s i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i nC hap t e r c Two a nd i nn or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i nC hap t e r T h ree s how t h a t t h e re w a s ar e a l r e g iona l d i f e r ence i nt h e a moun t f o fc hange i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod , a s m ea su r ed b y t h e

C on t inu i ty a nd c hange l h ave b een r e cur h em e s i nr e cen t ring t

s u rv iva l r a t e o f t h e c oun ty ' s l a te r m ed ieva l w ood s a f t e r c . 1250 .

s t ud ie s o f t h e E ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide . T h ey r un t h rough t h i s s t udy , r e f lec ted i n mo s t o ft h e a im s a nd o b jec t ive s s e t o u t i n

A f te r C hap te r Two h ad d i spo sed o f t h e a a ck o f leged l w ood land i n s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e i tt r aced t h e

t h e i n t roduc to ry c hap te r . T ho se a im s w e re i n sp i r ed p a r t ly b y t h e c oncep t o fw ood s a ss ome o ft h e mo s t e ndu r ing f e a tu r e s i n t h e E ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide . T he i d ea t h a t many E ng l i sh w ood s a r e v e ry o l d a nd t h a t w ood land h a s b een r e la t ive ly

s ub sequen tf a te o ft h o se m ed ieva l w ood s f o rw h i ch t h e re w a s d ocumen tary e v idence . I t wa s f ound t h a t al a rge p ropor t ion o f t h em s urv ived i n to t h e n ine teen th o r t wen t ie th c en tu ry . T he r e w a s l i t le e v idence o fp a s tu re i nt h em , t h e w ood s o f t L ong C omp ton , Wh ichf o rd a nd T hor n ton i nE t ing ton b e ing t on t inu i ty r a the rt h an c hange c ha r ac t e r i sed t h e e xcep t ion s .6 C w ood land o f t h e r eg ion f r om 1 086 t o c . 1500 . S eve ra l

s t ab le s i nce a t l e a s t t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry , b y wh ich t ime soc ia te s c opp ic ing h ad b een e s tab l i shed i n mo s t w ood s ,2 a s w ood land w i th c on t inu i ty r a the r t h an w i th c hange . T he ref o re o ne o ft h e a im s o ft h i s s t udy w a s t oc ompa re a nd d r aw c onc lu s ion s f r om t h e k nown e x ten t a nd d i s t r ibu t ion o f c opp ice w ood s a nd w ood p a s tu re i n t h e e a r ly a nd l a te r

c hange s o ccur f te r 1 500 . T hey i n vo lved t h e g row th red a r a the r t h an t h e l o s o fw ood land . I ndeed , i nt h e s ou th a nd s e a s t o f Wa rw ick sh i r e s i gn if i can t a moun t s o f t h e s u rv iv ing w ood land a r ep o s t -med ieva l .

m ed ieva l p e r iod s r e spec t ive ly . I np a r t icu la r i t wa s i n tended t ot e s t t h e t h eo ry t h a t t h e f o rme r w e re r e la t ive ly p e rmanen t i nc ompa r i son w i th w ood p a s tu re a nd t oa ses h e d eg ree o f s s t c hange i nt h e r u ra l t o pog raphy o f Wa rw ick sh i r e , e spec ia ly l i t sw ood land .

T he d ec l ine o fa r ab le p roduc t ion , t h e d epopu la t ion o f s om e s e t lemen t s a nd t h e i mpo r tance o fc oun t ry e s ta te s s u rounded t r b y p a rk land o r b y c oun t ry s ide a dap ted f o r h un t ing

T h e p r eh i s tory o f E ng l i sh t opog raphy i s c er ta in ly o n e o f

p re sumab ly p rov ided t h e c on tex t f o r n ew w ood land . C hap te r Two r evea led t h e d eve lopm en t o fC he s te r ton Wood f r om as ma l m ed ieva l g rove t o aw ood o fo ve ro n e h und r ed l a c re s . T he moder nB ow sho t Wood a d jo in ing t h e F os se Way s e em s t ob e l a rge ly s e conda ry w ood land ; t h e m ap d r awn i n 1 728 o f t h e mano r s o f Wa l ton ( i n t h e p a r i sh o f We le sbou rne ) s how s t h e l a nd c ove red b y t h e moder n w ood l a sa r ea s o ft r ee s c a led F r iz h i l C op se a nd B rake , C omp ton l l le sbou rne Wood i t s e lf P eece , B rake , a nd N ew C op se . 7 We l e xpanded i n t h e e i gh t een th o r e a r ly n in e teen th c en tu ry . t acqu i red Wood H i l P l an ta t ion , B e tween 1 735 a nd 1 848 8 i l R ed H i l P l an ta t ion , B rake H i l P lan ta t ion a nd G reen H i l l l l P l an ta t ion .

c hange . O ve r s eve ra l m i lenn ia f r om t h e N eo l i th ic p er iod l o nwa rd s a na tu ra ly w ood ed c oun t ry b ecam e a mix tu re o f l r ab le , p a s tu re , m eadow , h ea th , moo r , ma r sh a nd w ood .3 a T h i s s t udy h a sb een c once rned w i th t h e l e ve l s o fc hange a nd c on t inu i ty i nw ood land d u r ing t h e m ed ieva lp e r iod . Much o f t h e R omano -Br i t i sh c oun t ry s ide w a s d en se ly s e t led . T he t r e sea r ch h a s t h e ref o re t r i ed t o a ses ow much w ood land s s h e x i s t ed c . 400 i nt h a tp a r t o fl ow land E ng land wh ich b ecame Wa rw ick sh i re , a nd h ow t h e q uan t i t ie s , d i s t r ibu t ion a nd t y pe s o f w ood land m igh t h ave c hanged d u r ing t h e f o low ing l t h ou sand y ea r s . S tuden t s o f t h e h i s tory o f E ng l i sh r u ra l t o pog raphy d u r ing t h e l a s tt wo o rt h ree h und red y ea r s w i lb e a wa re o ft h e g r ea t l c hange s w h ich h ave o ccur s t h e r e su l t o fP a r l iamen ta ry red a e nc lo su re s , u rban i sa t ion a nd t h e i n ten s if i ca t ion o f

S ub s tan t ia l a moun t s o f p o s t -med ieva l w ood land a r e b y n o m ean s u nu sua l . T hey a r e n o t ad eve lopmen t p ecu l ia r t o s ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh i re . I th a sb een e s t ima t ed t h a to n ly

a gr icu l tu ra lp roduc t ion . T he p ropen s i ty f o rc hange , a r guab ly

o ne t h i rd o f B r i ta in ' s moder n w ood land c ove r s s i t e s w h ich h ave b een c on t inuou s ly w ooded s i nce t h e l a te r m ed ieva l he s t a temen t t h a t mo s t o ft h e s u r v iv ing w ood land p er iod .9 T

a cce le ra t ed b y moder nt e chno logy , i s as a lu ta ry r em inde r o f t h e p o ten t ia l f o r c hange d u r ing t h e much l onge r p er iod c ove r ed b yt h i ss t udy .

i n w e s ter n A rden i so l d e s tab l i shed l° s hou ld t h e r ef o r e b e t r ea ted w i th c au t ion . F o r e xamp le , L adb rok e P a rk i n T anwo r th in -A rden i n c luded t h e s i t e o f t h e m ed ieva l i l s tp a r t s o ft h e a d jo in ing W indm i l lN ap s a nd m es , 1 wh s uage T y le r ' s G rove l i e o ve r t h e r i dge a nd f u r row o f f o rm e r 2 I n C hap t e r T h ree i ti sa r gued t h a t much o f c u l t iva t ion .1

R e sea r ch h a s s hown t h a t m any w ood s i n e a s ter n E ng land wh ich w e re r e co rded i n t h e t h i r t een th c en tu ry c an b e y a na logy m a t ched t ow ood s i nt h e moder n c oun t ry s ide .4 B w i th w ood s w h ich w e re n am ed i n s ome o f t h e b ounda ry

K e r e s ley ' s r ema in ing w ood land p robab ly o r ig ina ted a s s e conda ry w ood land d u r ing t h e f i f t een th a nd s i x teen th

d e scr ip t ion s w h ich w e re a tached t oe a r ly m ed ieva l c ha r te r s , t l a te r m ed ieva l w ood s a r e t h ough t t oh ave b een a l ready v e ry o l d i n t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry . T he i r i n f er t ab i l i ty h a s red s b een c on t ra s ted w i th o the r c hange s i n t h e m ed ieva l c oun t ry s ide , i mp ly ing t h a t , i nc ompa r i son w i th w ood s , m any o the rf e a tu re sw e re r e la t ive ly t r an s ien t .

c en tu r ie s . T he re a r e s eve ra l o th e r e xamp le s o f s e conda ry l w ood s f o rmed d u r ing t h e moder np er iod , s u ch a sS i den H i l 3 R ook Wood i n Max s toke ,1 4 Wood i nH amp ton in -A rden ,1 a nd W i lk in son ' s G rove i nA s t ley .1 5 T he re i s a l a ck o fe a r l ie r 1 94

d ocumen ta ry r e co rd s f o r m any s even teen th -or e i gh teen th c en tu ry w ood s w h ich m ay r e f lec t a la te o r ig in r a the r t h an d ocum en ta ry d ef i c ienc ie s . I n n o r th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i re

c hange p r edom ina ted

l t h roughou tt h e l a te rm ed ieva lp e r iod a sw e l a ss ub sequen t ly . T he i n d iv idua lp a r i sh a nd t own sh ip s t ud ie s i nC hap te rT h ree , sion w he r e mu ch s p ace i sd evo t ed t od i scus s a bou t t h e l i ke ly s i t e s o ff o rm e rw ood s a nd g rove s , c on ta in a mp le e v idence o f s t h e l o s o fm ed ieva l w ood land i nt h e n o r th a nd w e s t o ft h e l c oun ty a f t e r a s w e l a s b ef o re c . 1250 . Much o f t h e l o s t w ood land a ppea r s t o h ave b een w ood p a s tu re , wh ich h a s a s m uch l e s s t ab le e co logy t h an c opp ice w ood s . H oweve r , w h i l s t c opp i ce w ood s o r g rove s may h ave b een mo re s t ab le d u r ing t h e t w e lf th a nd t h i r teen th c en tu r ie s , t e nan t s ' g rove s p roved t o b e v ery v u lne rab le a f te r t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod . l N um e rou s f i e ld s c a led w ood o r g rove t e s t if y t o f o rme r w ood land w h ich d i sappea r ed d u r ing o r a f te r t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod . O th e rl a te rm ed ieva l w ood s h ave l e f t n o t r ace i nt h e sib m od er n c oun t ry s ide . I t i s o f ten i mpos le t o f i nd o n e i gh t een th -and n ine teen th -cen tu ry m ap s t h e m ino r f i e ld a nd p l ace -nam e s w h ich , i f t h ey h ad s urv ived f r om t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod , c ou ld h ave a tl e a s t p o in ted t o t h e f o rme r s i t e s o fm ed i eva lw ood s .

Wappenbu ry , Wh ichf o rd , L ong C omp ton , a nd Wo lf o rd . l N one o f t h e se w a s e ve r c a led a g rove i n a ny s u rv iv ing d ocum en t . C omp ton a nd Wh ichf o rd Wood s c e r ta in ly h ad a t r ad i t ion o f p a s tu re i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod a nd t h e re 6 w a s c ommon p a s tu re i n s om e w ood land i nP r in ce tho rpe ;1 mo s t o f t h e o t he r w ood s w e r e t o p oo r ly d ocumen t ed t o o p roduce e v idence o f t h e i r m anagemen t . I ti ss ugge s t ed i n C hap t e r F ive t h a tw o ld c ea sed t ob e t h e c ommon w o rd f o r a w ood a f te r m any w o ld s h ad l o s t t h e i r t r ee s a nd t h a t t h e o l d n ame s t uck t ot h e t r ee les a s tu re s w h i l s t w o ld s w h ich h ad s p r e ta ined t h e i rt r ee s c ame t ob e c a led w ood s . l A l though m any o f t h e g rove s r e co rded f o r s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod h ave s u r v ived , i t i s pos le t h a t s e ve ra l o t he r s w e re l o s t i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l sib p e r iod . S om e w e re c e r ta in ly l o s t i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod . A t l e a s t o ne o fR a t ley ' s g rove s w a s a sa r t ed i nt h e s t we lf th c en tu ry a nd r e co rd s o fa sa r t s i nB i rd ingbury s ugge s t s t h a t B i rd ingbu ry ' s g rove m e t t h e s am e f a te . T he r e w a s a 7 f u r long ( c u l turam ) c a led B arnd eg rove i n P r in ce tho rpe .1 l T he r e i s th e ref o r e n o c onc lu s ive e v idence t h a t a h e w ood s l t w h ich w e re l o s t i ns ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re w e r e w ood p a s tu re . R ecen t

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S om e w ood s s u rv ived t h e c hange s t o t h e m ed ieva l c oun t ry s ide o n ly t o b e d e s t royed i n t h e n i ne t een th a nd t wen t ie th c en tu r ie s . R ep lan t ing w i th c on if e r s , w h ich c an f e f ec t ive ly d e s t roy ad ec iduou s w ood , w a s w ide sp read a f te r

t o pog raph ica l f e a tu re s h a s p ar t ia ly i ina ted o ne o f t h e l lum m a in u n re so lved q ue s t ion s o ft h i s s t udy , t h eo r ig in o fg r ove s .

t t h e S econd Wo r ld Wa r . E t ing ton G rove , H aywood i n B add e s l ey C l in ton , much o f O ak ley Wood i n B i shop ' s l T achb rook , B lackwe l Wood i n K en i lwor th , p ar t o f A r ley Wood a nd B r andon , We s ton , a nd We the r ley Wood s a r e e xamp le s ; t h e p a r t ia l r ep lan t ing o f C ubb ing ton Wood m ay red v y e tb e r e deem ab le . R ep lan t ing h a s o ccur e ry r e cen t ly i n s om e o f Wa rw ick sh i re 's s u rv iv ing m ed ieva l w ood s , s u ch a s t A u s ty Wood i n Woo ton Wawen , Mock ley Wood b y l l U lenha l a nd S onga r G rove i nC lave rdon . U rban i sa t ion a nd i n du s t r ia l i sa t ion a ccoun ted f o r much d e s t ruc t ion i nt h e n o r th o ft h ec oun ty ; C he lm s ley Wood i s a s ad , p o s t -wa re xamp le .

c opp ic ing c ou ld h ave b een p rac t i sed t h roughou t t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod a nd i n w h ich d i f e ren t t y pe s o f w ood land f c ou ld h ave c oex i s ted . T he d i scus bou t t h e o r ig in s o f sion a o pen f i e ld s , n uc lea ted s e t lemen t s a nd l a nd u se i n C hap te r t S i x s how s t h a t t h e r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i nt h e d i s t r ibu t ion a nd

T he c on t inu i ty o fu se o ft h e l a nd i ns ome p a r t s o ft h e r e g ion s i nce t h e R omano -B r i t i sh p er iod p rov ide s ac on t ex t i nw h ich

t y pe s o f w ood land i nt h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod m igh t h ave b een s t rong ly i n f luenced b y e a r l ie r v a r ia t ion s i nt h e l e ve l o f c hange a nd c on t inu i ty i n t h e c oun t ry s ide . T he re w a s a p o t en t ia l f o r s om e c on t inu i ty t h rough e vo lu t iona ry c hange i n t o pog raph ica l f e a tu re s w i th in ar e la t ive ly s t ab le f r amewo rk o f b oundar ie s . C e r ta in f e a tu r e s i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l c oun t ry s ide m igh th ave b een v ery o l d . T he r e o rgan i sa t ion o f s om e f i e ld s y s t em s t o c r ea te o pen f i e ld s i mp l ied a gr ea te r d eg r ee o fc hange . N one the les ven w he re l a rge o pen f i e ld s s, e w e r e f o rmed , p r e -m ed ieva l b ounda ry a l ignmen t s c ou ld

T h e r e la t ive s t ab i l i ty o f w ood land i n s ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i r e s i nce 1 086 d oe s n o t s e em t oh ave a pp l ied t o t h a t r e g ion i ne a r l ie r c en tu r ie s . C on t inu i ty a ppea r s i nr e l ic t f e a tu r e s r a the r t h an i n e x tan t w ood s . T he r e i s s t rong

p e r s i s t .

e v id en ce t o i n d ica te t h a t t h e w o ld s o f Warw ick sh i re h ad b een w ood land i nt h e e a r ly m ed ieva l p e r iod . P a s tu re r i gh t s o n t h e w o ld s o fs ou th a nd e a s t Wa rw ick sh i re s u rv ived l o ng

I n s om e c a se s , f e a tu re s o n t h e m a rg in s o f t h o se

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I n C hap te r S ix i ti sc onc luded t h a t r e g iona l v a r ia t ion m ay

a f t e r t h e t r ee s h ad d i sappea red . Med ieva l f i e ld -nam e s s i n c lud ing h ur s t a nd l e ah t e s t if y t o t h e l o s o f w ood land d u r ing t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod . O nce t h e w o ld s a nd h u r s t s h ad l o s t t h e i r t r ee s , t h e b a lan ce c hanged t o f a vou r c on t inu i ty , l p r e sumab ly ar ef lec t ion o ft h e s ma le r a moun t s o fw ood land a nd t h e i rc on sequen ts c a rc i ty v a lue .

h ave b een i n ten s if i ed , r a the r t h an i n i t ia ted , b y p a r t icu la r c omb ina t ion s o fc on t inu i ty a nd c hange i nt h e e a r ly m ed i eva l p e r iod . P a r t icu la rt y pe s o fw ood land m ay h ave d eve loped o r d i sappea red d u r ing d i f e ren tp er iod s i nc e r ta in r e g ion s o ft h e f c oun t ry s ide . F o re xamp le , t e nan t s ' g rove s s e em t oh ave b een c onf ined t on or th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i re , b u t w e r e p r e sen t i n q uan t i ty o n ly i n am inor i ty o f p a r i she s t h e re . T he i r u neven d i s t r ibu t ion m ay p o in t t o d i s t inc t p ha se s i n t h e h i s to ry o f t h e c oun t ry s ide o r t o al o ca l d i ve r s i ty o f s o c ia l s t ruc tu r e a nd t o c on sequen t ly v a ry ing l e ve l s o f c on t inu i ty a nd c hange i np a r t icu la rr e g iona l t o pog raph ie s .

I tc ou ld b es ugge s t ed t h a tt h e d i sappea rance o ft r ee s f r om t h e w o ld s o f Wa rw ick sh i re w a s e v idence o f t h e r e la t ive i n s tab i l i ty o fw ood p a s tu r e a s a ga in s t c opp ice w ood s i nt h e s ou th a nd e a s t o f t h e c oun ty . H oweve r , i tw a s a r gued i n C hap t e r F i ve t h a t s ome o f t h e w o ld s m igh t h ave r e ta ined t h e i r t r ee s t ob ecome l a t e r m ed ieva l w ood s , s uch a st h o se i n l t B ubbenha l , P r ince tho rpe , R y ton , S t r e ton -on -Dun smo re , 1 95

t h e e a r ly s i x teen th c en tu ry a nd c anno tb ep r e sumed t op i c tu re s h a s b een e xp la ined i n t h e s c ene i ne a r l ie r c en tu r ie s . 2° A C hap te r F ou r , w ood p a s tu re w i th w ide ly s c a t e red t imbe r t t r ee s a nd l i t le u nderwood p r e sen t s av e ry d i f e r en t a s pec t t o t f ac opp ice w ood , w i th o rw i thou ts t anda rd t r ee s .

T he w ood land o f m ed ieva l Warw ick sh i re w a s n o t s t ab le . D u r ing a t l e a s t p a r t o f t h e m ed ieva l p er iod t h e re w a s s i gn if i can t ly mo re w ood land t h an t h e r e i s now . Many w ood s w e re l o s t a f t e r c . 1250 a s w e l a s b ef o r e . T ho se w h ich l s u rv ive , a nd w h ich c an b e s hown t oh ave b een m ed ieva l a nd n o t l a te r , s e conda ry w ood land , a r e r e la t ive ly s c a r ce r e l ic t f e a tu re s i n ac hanged a nd c hang ing c oun t ry s id e . T h ey m ay h ave h ad ab e te rs u rv iva lr a t et h an many o the rt o pog raph ica l t f e a tu re s -th ey a r e n o t a s r a re a s " un imp roved " , a nd c on sequen t ly f l owe r -f i led ,m eadow sh ave b ecom e i nt h e l a s t l

T he s i tua t ion i ss omewha t a na logou s t of i e ld s y s t em s . E ven i ft h ey c an b e t r aced , t h e i r v i sua l i mpac t o n t h e m ed ieva l c oun t ry s ide i sn o t a lway s c l ea r . We r e t h ey b ounded b y d i tche s ,b ank s , f e nce s , l ow h edge s , o rt a lh edge sw i th t imbe r l t r ee s? D if r en t t y pe s o fb ound s mu s t h ave h ad ap rof ound fe e f ec t o n t h e a ppea ran ce o f t h e c oun t ry s id e . T he r e a r e f o cca s iona l c l ue s a s t o t h e n a tu re o f f i e ld b ounda r ie s . T he h edge s a l ong A row 's l a ne s mu s t h ave b een t a l a nd t h ick t o r l 1 I t h ide mu rde r e r s l y ing i nw a i t f o r t h e i r v i c t im i n 1 381 .2

i f ty y ea r s -b u tt h i s f a c t s hou ld n o t o b scu re t h e c hange s a nd f l o se s wh ich h ave o ccur . As t udy wh ich b egan w i th a n s red i n te re s t i nw ood s a sp os le e xemp la r s o fc on t inu i ty i nt h e sib E ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide h a s b ecom e a hi s to ry o f w ood land a s p a r to ft h ec hang ing t o pog raphy o fr u ra l Wa rw ick sh i re .

a ppea r s t h a t much o f t h e w ood a nd t imbe r s u rveyed i n T anwo r th in -A rden c . 1500 w a s t ob e f ound i nh edge row s .2

Wh i l s ts om ec on t inu i ty c an b e f ound i nb ounda r ie s a nd f i e ld n ame s , i ti sc hange w h ich p redom ina te s i nt h e a ppea rance o f t h e Wa rw ick sh ire c oun t ry s id e . T he u nde r ly ing g eo logy o f h i l a nd v a le i su na l te red a nd t h e c oun t ry s ide s em s t oh ave l e b een mo re o rl e sd en se ly i nhab i ted f o rt h e l a s tt wo m i lenn ia s l a nd mo re . H oweve r , i t s moder n a spec t s mu s t d i f e r f s ub s tan t ia ly i nd e ta i l f r om t h e v i ew s wh ich w ou ld h ave b een l e ncoun te r ed d u r ing t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod .

A s f a r a s t imbe r i sc oncer n ed , t h i s i mp r es sion i sc onf i rmed f o r n o r th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re b y m any o f t h e s u rvey s p r epa red i nt h e r e ign o fH en ry VI I I p r io r t or oya l g r an t s o f f o rm e r mona s t ic p os ses sion s o r o t he r l a nd s w h ich h ad b een 3 I ns om e m ano r s i ns ou th a nd e a s t a cqu i red b y t h e C rown .2 Warw ick sh i r e t h e se ' p a r t icu la r s f o r g r an t s ' s how t h a t t imbe r w a s i n s hor t s upp ly i n t h e e a r ly s i x t een th c en tu ry .2 4

T he b a lance

b e tween a r ab le , p a s tu re , m eadow , h ea th , moo r a nd w ood h a s c hanged . E ven i na r ea s w h ich r ema in p redom inan t ly r u ra l , much w ood land , h ea th a nd moo r h ave b een l o s t i nt h e l a s t t h ou sand y ea r s . I ns ome p a r i she s moder nh edged f i e ld sh ave r e p laced t h e o pen f i e ld s o f t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p e r iod ; i n o the r s t h e f i e ld s m ay a lway s h ave b een e nc lo sed b u t h ave c hanged i ns hape a nd s i ze . Med ieva l f i e ld b ounda r ie s m ay h ave l ok ed v ery d i f e ren tt o moder nh edge s . Moder nr oad s o f

H oweve r ,

m ay f o low v ery d i f e ren t c ou r se s t om ed ieva l r ou te s . B o th l f t h e s i te s o fd we l ing s a nd t h e i r a r ch i tec tu re h ave u nde rgone l m a rked c hange s . Mod er n p e s t ic ide s a nd f e r t i l i se r s h ave d e s t royed t h e b eau t ifu l w i ld f l owe r s o ff i e ld s , m eadow s a nd p a s tu re s a nd t h e r i ch v a r ie ty o f i n sec t s , b i rd s a nd a n ima l s w h ich l i ved i nt h em . I ti s ac oun t ry s ide i nw h ich o ne o f ten h a s t o s e a rch f o r p hy s ica l t r ace s o fm ed ieva l t o pog raph ica l h i s to ry . C a ref u lr e sea rch i s th en n eeded t os how t h ep l ace o f a ny p hy s ica lr ema in si nt h a th i s tory .

H oweve r , t h e e co logy o f e x tan t m ed ieva l w ood s i n Wa rw ick sh i r e , l i ke o the r p hy s ica l r ema in s a nd o t he r e v idence u sed i nt h i s s t udy , h a s ac on t r ibu t ion t om ake , i fi t

i n 1 425 -6 2 5 t h en t h o se w ood s mu s t h ave b een c opp iced a t r e gu la r i n ter va l s a nd w ou ld h ave b een f a i r ly o pen a nd l i gh t . C opp ic ing i sa l so d ocumen ted f o r W i thycombe Wood i n 6 M ock ley Wood i nU lenha l i n1 40 1 ,2 7 Wo dehu r s t i n 1 448 ,2 l l 8 B igg ing G rove i nC oven t ry i n1 460 ,2 9 M idd le ton i n1 385 ,2 a nd W od lond sg rove , C har leco te g rove , b l akemore g rove , k yn t londg rove a nd B arf ord g rove i n T anwo r th in -A rden i n t h e e a r ly s i x t een th c en tu ry ." Two e xamp le s a r e g i ven i n A ppend ix 6 . H oweve r , w h i l s t t h e se d ocum en t s m ay r e f e r t o l t imbe r t r ee s a mong s t t h e u nderwood , t h ey d o n o t t e l u s w he the r t h e se t r ee s g r ew w i th in o r a l ong s ide t h e c opp iced a r ea s , n o r h ow d en se ly t h ey w e r e s pa ced . R eco rd s o fs a le s o f w ood a l so d o n o t i n d ica te f o r h ow l o ng t h e w ood s h ad b een s ub jec tt oo rgan i sed , i n ten s ive c opp ic ing . Managemen t f p rac t ice s m ay h ave b een v e ry d i f e ren t i ne a r l ie r c en tu r ie s ,

i s in te rp re ted w i th c a re .

f w i th c on sequen te f ec t so nt h ea ppea ran ce o ft h ew ood s .

a nd

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c en tu r ie s . T he r e i ss om e i n f o rma t ion p er t inen t t ot h e a ppea ran ce o f a f ew o f Wa rw ick sh i r e ' s w ood s i nt h e f o u r t een th a nd f i f teen th c en tu r ie s . I f u pwa rd s o f 2 4 ,000 f a ggo t s ( bund le s o f u nderwood ) w e re t a ken o u t o ft h e w ood s o f Wedgnock P a rk

F o r t h e se r e a son s t h e w ood land o f m ed ieva l Wa rw ick sh i re 8 n eed s t ob e a pp roached t h rough h i s tory a nd a r ch z eo logy .1

C on t inu i ty

t h e m anagemen t p rac t ice s

s u rvey sm ay h ave b een d i f e ren tt ot h o se p r eva i l ing i ne a r l ie r f

a nd

E ven w he re t h e e v idence f o r c on t inu i ty o f w ood land f r om t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod i s s t rong , p rec i se t o pog raph ica l r e con s t ruc t ion i s impos le . T he a ppea rance o fw ood land i s sib

S ix teen th -cen tu ry l e g i s la t ion may p rov ide s om e e v idence f o r m anagemen t p rac t ice s . I n 1 543 " An A c t e f o r t h e p r e servac ion o f Woode s " p rov ided t h a t i n a ny c opp ice s l s l f e led a f te rt wen ty -f ou ry ea r s g row th o rl e st we lve " s tand i l s sa o r s t o re r s o f O k e " , o r , i fn eces ry , o t h e r s u i tab le t r ee s , s hou ld b e l e f t i ne ach a c re t od eve lop a st imbe r a nd s hou ld

i n f luenced b y a spec t s o fh uman m anagem en t w h ich c anno t b e t r aced t h rough a r chxo log ica l e v idence o r m ap a na ly s i s

l n o tt h em se lve sb e f e led u n t i lt h e i rg i r th m ea su red t e n i n che s 1 A pa r t f r om t h e p os i l i ty e sib a tt h ree f e t a bove t h e g round .3

a nd w h ich a r e r a re ly m en t ioned i n d ocum en t s .

t h a t t h e A c t m ay h ave i n t roduced ah i gh e r d en s i ty o ft imbe r t r ee s t h an h ad b een t h e n o rm a nd t h a t i t migh t h ave b een h onou red m o r e i n t h e b r each t h an i n t h e o b ser vance , i t c anno tb e t a k en a se v idence o fm anagem en tp rac t ice s s eve ra l c en tu r ie s e a r l ie r . T he e v idence f o r c opp ic ing c i ted a bove

a ppearance o fw ood s

Med ieva l

d ocumen t s d o n o t d e sc r ibe t h e a ppea rance o f aw ood . D r . R a ckham h a s d rawn a ten t ion t o ai f teen th -cen tu ry p a in t ing t f 9 A o fh un t smen i n aw ood , b u t t h i s i so fF l em i sh o r ig in .1 s k e tch o ff i e ld s a nd as ma l w ood i nH amp sh i re d a te s f r om l

1 96

c ome s m o s t ly f r om a g reemen t s f o r t h e s a le o f w ood w h ich i n c lude r e qu i remen t s f o r e nc lo s ing c opp iced w ood s , b u t mo s to ft h e se d ocumen t s d a te f r om t h e f i f t een th c en tu ry . A s e xp la in ed i nC hap t e r F ou r , o ne h a s t o k eep a n o pen m ind a bou tt h e a ppea rance o f Wa rw ick sh i re ' s m ed ieva l w ood s a nd

t ime d ur ing t h e m ed ieva l p e r iod . S t one le igh ' s w ood p a s tu r e p robab ly c ove red a n a r ea o ve r t h ree t ime s t h e s i ze o fS u ton t P a rk .

g rove s .

a r ep r edom inan t ly am ix tu re o fh aze l a nd a sh u nderwood a nd o ak s t anda rd s . H amp ton Wood a l so h a s a n a r ea o fE ng l i sh e lm , w h ich c an b ecome i n va s ive a nd c hange t h e e co logy o fa

H amp ton Wood a nd t h ew ood s o fL ong I t ch ing ton a nd U f ton

T hese p o in t s m ay b e i s t ra ted b y t h e p r e sen t d i f e rence s lu f b e tween t wo a nc ien t w ood s i n Wa rw ick sh i re . I n H amp ton Wood t h e Warw ick sh i re W i ld l if e T ru s t r e in t roduced c opp ic ing a bou t f o r ty y ea r s a f te r t h e Wood , i n c lud ing i t s m a tu r e t imbe r t r ee s , h ad b een f e led , g r azed a nd t h en l n eg lec ted s ot h a t i tb ecame o ve rg rown . C opp ic ing h a s b een c oncen t ra t ed i nt h e p a r t s o ft h e Wood w he r e t h e re s em s t o e

6 Warw ick sh i re ' s s u rv iv ing m ed ieva l w ood s a r e w ood .3 m a in ly o fh aze l , a sh a nd m ap le . T hey a r e r a r e ly d om ina t ed b y as i ng le s pec ie s o ft r ee . T he re a r e n o w ood s c ha rac te r i sed

c h ie f ly b yb eech , h o rnbeam , e lm o ra l de r . A t l e a s t f ou r l a t e r 7 m ed ieva lw ood sw e r e n amed a f te rb i r che s .3

b et h e l e a s td amage f r om g r az ing , a nd i s be ing e x tended o ve r p a r to ft h es e conda ry w ood land . T he c opp iced a r ea s a r e n ow l i gh t a nd o pen , e ach w i th s om e t imbe r t r ee s , n one o f v e ry g r ea t a g e . T he Wood m ay g i ve a g ood i mp r es f a sion o m ed ieva l c opp ice w i th s t anda rd s , a w ood w he re t h e e mpha s i s w a s o n u nde rwood r a the r t h an t imbe r a nd w he re t imbe r w a s c u t b ef o re i t had r e ached f u l m a tu r i ty , aw ood l f u l o ft h ew i ld l if ee ncou raged b yt r ad i t iona lm anagemen t . l

T he v a r ie ty w h ich s pec ia l i sed w ood sb r ing t ot h e c oun t ry s ide i se xemp l if ied i n D r . R ackham ' s e voca t ive d e scr ip t ion o f 8 P i le s C opp ice i s Warw ick sh i r e ' s l im e w ood s i nb l os .3 s om s o le s u rv iv ing e xamp le o f aw ood p r edom inan t ly o f s ma l l l e aved l ime . A s p o in ted o u t i n C hap te r F ive , s om e m ino r p l ace -nam e s t e s t if y t o t h e f o rme r p re sence o f l ime w ood s . T hey a r e f ound i nn or th a nd w e s t Warw ick sh i r e r a the r t h an i nt h e s ou th a nd e a s to ft h e c oun ty . T he r eg iona l v a r ia t ion i n t h e q uan t i t ie s o fw ood land i nm ed ieva l Warw ick sh i r e m igh t t h e ref o re h ave b een c omp lemen ted b y ar e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n w ood land e co logy . S uch v a r ia t ion o ccu r s e l sewhe r e i n

U nderwood i ss t i l c u t i nt h e w ood s o fL ong I t ch ing ton a nd l U f ton , b u t p a r t s o f t h o se w ood s h ave a h i gh d en s i ty o f m a tu r e o ak s , m any o f w h ich h ave g rown t a l t o r e ach t h e l l i gh t a nd h ave f ew s i de b ran che s . T he se o ak s m ay b e t h e p rodu c to fe i gh teen th -or n ine teen th -cen tu ry m anagemen tf o r t imbe r a s much a sf o r u nderwood a nd o f ad e l ibe ra te p o l icy 2 T hey m ay n o t r e f lec t m anagem en t o f p romo t ing o ak .3

E ng land a nd i st h ough t t or e f lec t v a r ie ty i nt h e c ompo s i t ion 9 P o len a na ly s i s , i fa va i lab le o f t h e o r ig ina l w i ldwood .3 l f r om e nough s i t e s , c ou ld p rov ide mo re i n f o rma t ion o n t h i s p o in t . O ft h e g round f l o ra i n Wa rw ick sh i re ' s m ed ieva l w ood s t h e re

p ra c t i ce si ne a r l ie rc en tu r ie s . E ven i f oak s w e re p romo ted t o t h e s am e d en s i ty i n m ed ieva l w ood s t h ey w e re p robab ly f e led a ta n e a r l ie r s t age i nt h e i r g row th , f o r t h e t imbe r u sed l i nm any b u i ld ing s a f te r t h e t h i r teen th c en tu ry d i d n o t c om e tw a s p os sib le f o rf o r ty seven o ak s t ob e f r om g r ea tt r ee s .3 I 4 b u t t h ey m ay t a k en o u t o f I t ch ing ton Wood i n 1 385 -6 ,3 h ave b een much s ma le r a nd mo re s pa r se ly d i s t r ibu ted t h an l t h e i r m ode rn s ucces r s . C e r ta in ly t h e r e f e rence i n t h e so 5 t ot h e h i gh o ak i nt h e m idd le o f w u luh t c ha r t e r o f 1 001 3 l g raf s ugge s t s t h a t i tw a s ad i s t ingu i sh ing f e a tu r e a nd t h a t h i gh o ak s w e r e n o t c o mmon i n t h e Wood i n t h e e a r ly l even th c en tu ry . e

i s no t ah in t . T he r e co rd s o fm ed ieva l w ood s w e re a l m ade , l d i rec t ly o r i n d i rec t ly , f o r e conom ic r e a son s . T he b eau ty o f s p r ing f l owe r s i n c opp ice w ood s w a s u te r ly i levan t , a s t re w e r e t h e t y p ica l f l owe r s i n m eadow s , p a s tu re s a nd c or nf i e ld s . H amp ton Wood a nd U f ton Wood h ave m any p l an t s i nc ommon , b u t i nd i f e ren t p ropo r t ion s . B o th h ave f p l en ty o fb luebe l s , b u t H amp ton Wood i s ap r im ro se w ood , l w he rea s U f ton Wood , w h i l s t i th a s s om e p r im ro se s , i s c a rpe ted w i th c e land ine s a nd w ood a nemone s i n t h e e a r ly s p r ing . Wood s w h ich w e re o pen t o c ommon p a s tu re m ay h ave h ad a v e ry d i f e r en t g round f l o ra , d epend ing o n t h e f i n ten s i ty o fg r az ing . S om eone w a lk ing t h rough t h e h u r s t s o f S u ton P a rk t o day e ncoun t e r s l a ye r s o f d ead h o ly a nd o ak t l l e ave s t ur n ing t o l e af mou ld u nde r f oo t , w i th n one o f t h e

I ti s much m o re d i ff i cu l t t of i nd moder n e xamp le s o fw ood p a s tu r e w h i ch m igh t h e lp t owa rd s a n u nde r s tand ing o f t h e n a tu r e o fm ed ieva l w ood s i n wh ich c o mmon p a s tu re r i gh t s

s p ec t acu la r d i sp lay s o fs p r ing f l owe r s t ob e f ound i na nc ien t c opp ice w ood s , b u t w he re g raz ing w a s r e gu la ted a l ong s id e c opp iced e nc lo su re s s p r ing f l owe r s c ou ld h ave f l ou r i shed .

w e re r e co rded . I ta ppea r s t h a t l a rge a r ea s o f w ood land i n n or th a nd w e s t Wa rw ick sh i re i n t h e l a te r m ed ieva l p er iod w e re w ood p a s tu re . Med ieva l w ood p a s tu r e w a s u n s tab le . Much o f i t becam e w a s te d u r ing t h e l a t e r m ed ieva l p er iod

Ar i ch g round f l o ra i s usua ly a soc ia ted w i th a nc ien tw ood s , l s b u t i s n o t a c e r ta in i n d ica to r o f p r ima ry w ood land .

a nd w a s t h e ref o re mo re s u scep t ib le t o c l ea rance . T ho se a r ea s w h ich s u rv ived b ecam e ma in ly t r ee les ommon s , s c m any o f w h ich w e re e nc lo sed d u r ing t h e e i gh teen th a nd

S econda ry w ood land c an a cqu i re t h e g round f l o ra o f a n f a d jacen tp r ima ry w ood , a l though d i f e rence s m ay p e r s i s t f o r l c en tu r ie s . I n H amp ton Wood p r im ro se s , b l uebe l s a nd l r y e low a r change l a ppea r o n t h e r i dge a nd f u row w h ich w a s w i th in t h e Wood b y 1 736 , b u t w ood a nemone s h ave n o t r s p read i nt h e s ame w ay . Y e t t h e r i dge a nd f u row o n t h e n o r ther n e dge o f K ing sbu ry Wood i sc ove red w i th w ood l a nemon e s , w h ich m ay h ave s p read f r om E dge H i l Wood , w he r e t h ey a r e a l so f ound i n a bundance a nd w h ich i s

n in e teen th c en tu r ie s . S om e p a rk land w a s a n e n c lo sed , s pec ia l i s t f o rm o f w ood p a s tu re . Med ieva l p a rk s r a re ly s u rv ive , a nd e a r ly moder np a rk s w e re i n ad i f e r en tt r ad i t ion . f S u ton P a rk o r ig ina t ed a s a m ed ieva l p a rk . Much o f i ti s t n ow , a nd m ay h ave b een p rev iou s ly , g r as , h ea th a nd sland m a r sh r a the r t h an w ood land . T hank s t o m a in ly t r ad i t iona l m anagem en to ve rt h ec en tu r ie s , t h i sr ema rkab le r e l ic t , r i ch i n w i ld l if e , m ay r e semb le ( a pa r t f r om t h e o dd c on if e r p l an ta t ion ) p a r t s o f t h e Wa rw ick sh i re c oun t ry s ide a t s om e

p robab ly o n t h e s i te o f t h e m ed ieva l w ood o f K ing sbu ry . l C e r ta in p l an t s c omb ined w i th ag ene ra ly r i ch f l o ra m ay t h u s 1 97

i n d ica te t h a tm ed ieva l w ood land e x i s ted i nt h e v i c in i ty , e ven i f th e s urv iv ing w ood land w a s f o rmed a t al a t e r d a te . S om e s e conda ry w ood land m ay n o t h ave a d jo ined e x i s t ing w ood land a nd m ay n eve r h ave d eve loped t h e f i ne g round f l o ra w h ich i st h ough t t o d e r ive u l t ima t e ly f r om p reh i s to r ic w i ldwood . Al im i ted g round f l o ra m ay a l so b e t h e r e su l t o f m anagem en t p rac t ice s , p a s t o r p re sen t . T he ref o r e t h e s a b sence o fp l an t s a soc ia ted w i th a nc ien tw ood land d oe s n o t sa n eces r i ly m ean t h a tt h e w ood i nq ue s t ion i s po s t -med ieva l . F o r e xamp le , w h i l s tt h e re a r e m ed ieva l r e co rd s o f ag rove i n

F o r L ong C omp ton a nd Wh ichf o rd , B .L . , E ge r ton MS . 3 724 , f . 8 0 ; f o rT ho rn ton , P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t4 d . 7 W .C .R .O . , CR750 / 1 . 6

8 C ompa r e t h e e s ta te m ap o f 1 735 , W .C .R .O . , CR6 11/7 15 /2 , a nd t ihe m ap o f1 848 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /259 . 9 R a ckham ,A nc ien t W ood land , p .i x , c t ing G .F . P e te rken , ' Hab i ta t i c on se rva t ion p r io r i t ie s i n B r i t i sh a nd E u rop ean w ood land s ' , B io log ica lC onser va t ion , 1 ( 1977 ) .

1 0 1

R obe r t s ,S e t lemen t , L and U se a nd P opu la t ion ,p .1 43 . t P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /642 / 10427 u nde rT anwo r th . T a ske r , T he N a tur eo fW arw ick sh ire ,p .3 0 .

t E t ing ton w h ich p r e sumab ly o ccup ied p a r ta tl e a s t o ft h e s i te

1 2

t o ft h e mode rn E t ing ton G rove , t h e moder n G rove h a s b een l a rge ly r e p lan ted w i th c on if e r s , a nd e ven t h e r ema in ing

T h i sw ood d oe sn o ta ppea ro n am ap o f 1 8 12 , W .C .R .O . , Z 151 , b e ing ac opy o fP .R .O . , MPEE /84 . 1 3

1 4 T he a r ea c ove r ed b y t h i s w ood w a s n o t w ood land i n 1 767 , W .C .R .O . , Z 149 (L ) .

d ec iduou sp a r tl a ck sa nu nd e r s to rey a nd s p r ing f l owe r s .

1 5 T h is w ood a ppea r s a s ab and o ft r ee s i nW .C .R .O . , CR764 / 107 , d a t ing f r om a f te r 1 807 ; t h e r e w a s n o w ood i nt h is s po t i n 1 696 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /M 12 , M9 . 1 6 F o r Wh ichf o rd Wood a nd C omp ton Wood , B .L . , E ge r ton MS . ,

R e l ic t f l o ra o f f o rm e r w ood s m ay l i nge r i n h edge row s t o l p o in t t o t h e s i t e s o f t h e se w ood s . B luebe l s g row o n t h e fo v e rge s n ea r t h e p r e sumed s i t e o f Of rd Wood . Ap a t ch o f e r ed c amp ion , a l so af l owe r o fa nc ien tw ood s , c an b e s en b y

3 724 , f .8 0 . F o rP r ince tho rpe , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t S r . 1 7 W .C .R .O . , CR314 / 1 ,9 .

l t h e r oad b e tween E dge H i l a nd K ine ton ; i s th i s t h e g ho s t o f aw ood w h ich d i sappea red o ve r at h ou sand y ea r s a go?

1 8

A n a pp rec ia t ion o f e co log ica l h i s to ry i se sen t ia l t o af u l s l a wa renes f t h e p os le n a tu re o f r e g iona l v a r ia t ion i n s o sib Warw ick sh i re .

T h i s s t udy d e l ibe ra te ly t a ke s a dif fe ren t a pp roach t o t h a t i n

R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land , w h ich i s a vow ed ly a s t udy i n h i s to r ica l e co logy , s e ep .v i i i . i 1 9 b id . ,p .1 5a nd f r on t isp iece . P .D .A . H a rvey , ' T he d ocumen t s o f l a nd scap e h i s tory : s na r e s e a nd d e lu s ion s ' ,L and scape H i s tory , 1 3( 199 1) ,p p . 4 7 -52 , s ep .5 0 .

2 0

Amoun t s o f w ood land a nd t h e l a you t o f

f i e ld s c anno t i n t h em se lve s d e sc r ibe t h e a ppea rance o f t h e c oun t ry s ide . T he i mpove r i shmen t o ft h e E ng l i sh c oun t ry s ide

P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 973 , r o t 3 d , " i acendo i n s ep ibus c u iu sdam l v ene l ea pud A rwe " . 2 2 L .D .W . Sm i th , ' A s ur vey o fb u i ld ing t imbe r a nd o t he r t r ee s i n 2 1

s i nce t h e S econd Wo r ld Wa rm ak e s i te ven mo re d i ff i cu l t f o r y ounge r g ene ra t ion s o fh i s to r ian s t oi mag ine t h e c o lou r s a nd v a r ie ty wh i ch w e re f am i l ia r t o p eop le w ho k new t h e

t h e h edge row s o f a Wa rw ick sh i r e e s ta te , c . 1500 ' , T BW AS , 9 0 ( 1980 ) ,p p . 6 5 -73 . s E3 I n t h e P .R .O . , c l as 18 , P a r t icu la r s f o r G ran t s . S ee , f o r e xamp le , E 3 18 /2 1/998 ( A s ton C an t low , T anwor th in -A rden ,

c oun t ry s ide b ef o r e t h e w id e sp read u se o f p e s t ic ide s a nd

2 3

a r t if i c ia l f e r t i l ize r s h e lped t o d e s t roy much o f i t s p re -wa r

B u t le r s Ma r s ton , P r e s ton B ago t , H a se lo r ) ; E 3 18 /2 1/ 112 1 ( C lave rdon , B ea r ley , Wo lve r ton ,N or ton L ind sey ) . 2 4 F o r e xamp le , P .R .O . , E3 18 / 5 / 144 ( Dunchu r ch , L ong L awf o rd , N ewbo ld ) ; E 318 / 18 /874 ( Ha lf o rd ) . 2 5 W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /487 . i i i, c 2 6 P .R .O . , E 1 64 /22 , f . c xxx i -cxxxi opy i n W .C .R .O . ,

b eau ty . T he w o rk o f t h e Warw ick sh i re W i ld l if e T ru s t a nd o t he r o rgan i sa t ion s i n vo lved i n n a tu r e c on serva t ion h a s h e lped t os ave s om e o ft h e r ema in ing u n spo i l t s i te s . Wood s s uch a s H amp ton Wood a nd R y ton Wood a r e p rec iou s , i laceab le s i te s o f h i s to r ica l v a lue a s w e l a s n a tu re rep l r e serve s .

Z 251(Sm ) . l K ing ' sC o lege ,C amb r idge , WO W / 128 . 2 8 M . MSS . , M i D4 525 /2 . 2 9 C .R .O . ,4 68 / 15 . 3 0 S .B .T . , DR 37 / 107 1 , 1 084 , 1 086 , 1 090 , 1 09 1 . 2 7

I t mu s t a lway s b e r emembe r ed t h a t t h e moder n a ppea ran ce f o f w ood s m ay b e d i f e ren t f r om t h e m ed ieva l r e a l i t ie s a nd a l so t h a t t h e re c ou ld h ave b een much c hange d u r ing t h e m ed ieva l p er iod . W i th t h i s i n m ind , s u rv iv ing m ed ieva l l w ood s , e spec ia ly t h o se w he r e c opp ic ing h a s b een c on t inued

S t a tu te so ft h eR ea lm , V o l . I I ( 1 817 ) ,p p . 9 77 -80 . F o r t h e d e l ibe ra te p romo t ion o f o ak t imbe r i nw ood s a nd t h e c on sequen t l a ck o fg ene ra l a pp rec ia t ion o f t h e v a r ie ty i nt y pe s o f w ood land , R a ckham ,A nc ien t W ood land ,p p . 1 6 18 . 3 3 R a ckham ,H i s to ry o f th eC oun t ry s ide ,p .8 7 . 3 1

3 2

t o r r e in t roduced , c an l e ad t o ab e t e r u nde r s tand ing o f h i s to r ica l r e co rd s . C omb ined w i th c a ref u l i n te rp re ta t ion o f lum t h e a va i lab le d ocumen ta ry e v idence , t h ey i ina te , e ven i f l t h ey c anno t t e l , t h e h i s to ry o f t h e w ood land o f m ed ieva l Warw ick sh i r e .

3 4

P .R .O . , S C6 / 104 1/ 12 ( unde ra c coun t sf o rL adb roke ) .

3 5

S 898 ; R a ckham ,H i s tory o ft h eC oun try s id e ,p .7 9 .

3 6 3 7

i b id . ,p .1 06 . B irchg rove i nB eau sa le , BD , b ox 1 37 ; B irche le ia i nH amp ton -

i n -A rden , B .R .L . , A 1/2 , 4 and i nB r ink low , S .B .T . , DR 10 /39 , 1 9 1 ; N e therb i rche s i n A show ,P .R .O . , E2 10 /5693 , E3 26 /459 , 4 97 , 3 47 1 ; B i rchenehur s ti nT anwor th in -A rden , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 8 2 . 3 8 R a ckham ,A nc ien t W ood land ,p .2 38 . 3 9 b id . ,p . 99 ; i d em ,H i s to ry o ft h eC oun tr y s ide ,p p . 1 02 -6 . i

1 T he p h ra se a ppea r s i n t h e t i le o f e d . P .H . S awye r , Med ieva l S e t t lemen t : C on t inu i ty a nd C hang e ( 1976 ) . I t s r e levance w i l l b e a ppa r en t i nt h em any w o rk sc i ted i nt h is c hap te r .

R ackham ,H i s tory o ft h eC oun t ry s ide ,p .8 5 . R a ckham , A nc ien t W ood land , C hap te r 8 ; i d em , T ree s a nd W ood land i nt h eB r i t i sh L and scape ( s econd e d i t ion ) , p p . 2 6 -35 . 4 i b id . 5 R ackham , T ree sa nd W ood land i nt h eB r i t i sh L and scape ( s econd 2 3

e d i t ion ) , p .5 .

1 98

Append ix 1 : Gazet teer o fr ecorded m ed ieva l* w ood s i n Warw ick sh ire D a te a nd r e f erence

C ommen t s

A lce s ter a pud A lence s t r 'd eb osco d om in i

l 1 238 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , XV I , n o . 1 49c .

r eg i s . . i nb osc i sd eA lenc ' . d ed ono

l 1 262 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 26 1 -4 ,

P .

5 8

i nt h eF o r e s to fF eckenham

l i W i l e lm iB o tereus e tP e t r if i l i . d H erber t i. ev as to b oscorum lorum i l 1 29 1 , C a l endar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 288 -96 ,p p .

l i cence t ob r ing 6 0 a c r e si n to c u l t iva t ion , t h e

1 73 -4 .

w ood b e ing w i th in t h eF o r e s to fF eckenham

s upe rH ur s tam

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /6 1 .

n o ts t a ted w he the ri tw a sw ood land

l C opyc c a led A s t lens h ur s te

1 573 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /box 1 05 / 1629

= As t lyns H ur s t

1 6 14 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /box4 11/ 1

? =Asp l inhur s tC opp ice

1 639 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /box4 11/2

w ood o f Wa l te rd eB eauchamp

= Asp l inshur s t W ood

1 754 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /M9 .

h ang ing ew e l l

1 6 14 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /box4 11/ 1

=H ang ing W e lC opp ice l

1 754 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /M9 .

c opy cc a led o ld p ark e l

1 573 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /box 1 05 / 1629 .

b yA s t len sh u r s tc opp ice

L u tu lwodef e ld t

1 466 -7 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / 166a .

p a s tu re i n1 466 -7 .

B u ldewode

1 466 -7 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / 166a .

p a s tu re i n1 466 -7 .

c opec v oca ta B rok ehu le c owpyce l

1 466 -7 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / 166a

c opec v oca ta k y teva le te lowe t t

1 466 -7 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / 166a .

? = ac oep iece c a led k y tf er t l re

1 578 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /box 1 06 / 1649 .

n ea rt ot h eR idgeway

b oscus v oc 'l eW as te

1 504 -5 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / 183

t imbe rc u tt h e re

B u t ras c oppye s t

1 355 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 3 5 /bund le K

d eed g ave p e rm is oe nc lo se t h e c opp ice sion t

= Bu t res opp ice t s C

1 754 , W .C .RO . , CR 1886 /M9

t h em ode rn B u t le r s C opp ice

T he p r io ry g rove

1 544 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 19 /984

p a r ce l o f ap a s tu re c a led P r io r sC lo se , a l

AC opp ice a d ioyn ing t o aw ood

1 544 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 19 /984

c ommon w ood o f 3a c re s 21 / 2a c re so fu nderwood o fa s h , b eech , m ap le

l c a led O ver s ley P ark e

a nd t h o rn

T he p r io r sh ack ing

1 544 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 19 /984

6a c r e s , ap a rce l o fw a s te g round a d jo in ing

T he h ckyng

1 544 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 19 /984

2a c r e s , ac ommon w ood

C ough ton g rove

1 6 14 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /TN 1

i nK ing 's C ough ton , A lce s te r

P iyor sw oode

1 598 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /box 1 08 / 1688

S ombourne H ea th

p a r to fB eauchamp s C ou r tw a s te , i n c lud ing a ren _l o dge , w ar

l A le s ley B oscum d eA s schawe

1 208 , P .R .O . , C P 2 5 / 1/242 /8

s = boscus q u i v oca tur A shawe

1 3 17 , C .R .O . , BA /B /A / 107 /4

b y Vhabu r ley a nd C oundon

= Bo scu ss epara l i sq ue v oca tur

1 325 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /9 1/27

c on ta in ing 5 0a c re s , ad eme sne w ood

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

3 7 a c r e s , 1r ood , 8p e rche s

. q b o scum. u i v oca tur h o l if as t

1 305 , C .R .O . , BA /B /A /47 / 10

d eme sne w ood o fJ ohn d eH a s t ing sc on ta in ing

s us v = boscus g ros oca tus h o lyf as t

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

5 2 a c re s , 2r ood s , 2 4 p e rche s

l = ho l if ax

1 626 , W .C .R .O . , CR623 /box 1 4

c opp ice o rs p r ing w ood

l =Ho lyf a s t

1 668 , B .R .L . , 2 4 1 ,400

b o scu s for insecus s epara l i sq ue

1 325 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /9 1/27

s hauwe H as su = g ros sb oscus v oca tu s s A she shawe 3 0 a c r e s , 1r ood

8a c r e s , ad eme sne w ood

l v oca tur B o lewe l schauwe

*S ome w ood s f o rw h ich t h e e a r l ie s tk nown r e co rd d a t e s f r om t h e s i x teen th c en tu ry h ave b een i n c luded w he re i ts e em s l i k e ly t h a tt h ew ood e x i s ted i nt h em ed ieva lp e r iod ( i . e . b ef o r e 1 500 ) . P a rk sh ave b een i n c luded w he re t h e re i s ev id ence t h a tt h ey c on t a ined w ood land . 1 99

b oscus s epara l i sq ue v oca tur

1 325 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /9 1/27

5a c re s , ad eme sne w ood ,n o u nderwood b u t

e s tendmor su = boscus g ros sv oca tus

p a s tu r e 1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

1 81 2 a / c re s , 1 6p e r che s

1 325 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /9 1/27

2a c r e s , ad eme sne w ood

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 / 3

3a c r e s , 2r oods , 2 1 p e r che s

p omer ium i u x ta a u lam

1 325 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /9 1/27

5a c re s , ad eme sne w ood

s us b = g ros o scu s v oca tur O rchard

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

1 5a c r e s , 1 2p e r che s

p ar cus

1 250 1 ,S LB , p .1 75

= parcum

1 279 , HR , p .8 5

3 00 a c re s

= parcus

1 325 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /9 1/27

t n o u nde rwood , u sed f o rc a t le

= par cus i n c lu sus

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

1 00 a c r e so fg r ea tw ood

b oscum f or insecum

1 279 , HR ,p .8 5

4 0a c r e s

g ravam

1 279 , HR ,p .8 5

c on ta in ing 1r ood o fl a nd f o rme r ly c ommon

E s tendemore b oscu ss epara l i sq ue v oca tur s uf f ag eg roue s us b = g ros oscus v oca tus s uf f ag eg roue

p a s tu re w h ich h ad b een e nc lo sed t ot h eh a rm o f t h en e ighbou rhood l g rove c a led N e the eney

1 326 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1

H auk e s ty w od e s

1 396 -7 , S .B .T . , ER 1/65 /455

? =g rovam i a cen tem i nh awx t iende

1 530 , B .R .L . , 3 28 ,923

? =g rove a tH awke s ty e nd

1 626 , W .C .R .O . , CR623 /box 1 4

" Band land [ h ] is w ood "

? =2 w ood si nH aux t ie E nd

1 654 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /42

r l l s u rende red b yW i l iam T a l i s

? =copp ice i nH aux t ie E nd

1 668 -9 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /49 / 1-2

l i nt e nu re o fW i l iam Me igh

? =M e igh ' s W ood

1 842 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /3

n ea rH awke sE nd

g rouam v oca tam l e Mose rdd e swod

1 4 11 , E1 64 /2 1 , f . lv

i nC o r ley i n1 4 10 11

z ard ? =M uz s W ood

1 840 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /3

l t wo g rove sc a l ed t h eB yche s

1 44 1-2 , S .B .T . , DR98 /699c

n ea rt h el a ne t oH a / lye f f as te

l o ne g rove c a lyd l e yl o ugh ton

1 44 1-2 , S .B .T . , DR98 /699c

l l a tw a l h i l n ea rt h el a ne t oH a l /ye f f a s te

h unyg rove

1 467 -8 , W .C .R .O . , CR623 /box 1

l eC h ircheg reve

1 423 , W .C .R .O . , DR564 / I (a ) /493

t l l ? = l i t le g roove i nA ley s l ey c a led

1 600 , WC .R .O . , DR564 1 I (a ) /506

s c on ta in ing 2a c r e sl e s 5p e r che s

=T r in i ty C hur ch g rove

1 627 , W .C .R .O , DR564 / I (a ) /507

ac r of t" s ome ty rne s ag rove " , 4a c r e s

ag rove w i th ap as ture a nd m eadow

1 486 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /394

a d jo in ing B a rne s ley f i e ld

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

2a c re s , / 2 r 1 ood

C hur che sg roave

l p leck c a l ed N ine A cr e s si b p ec iam g ros osc iv oca tam h udd e s lond ? =un ius g rove s i ve p as tur ev oca te

1 585 , B .R .L ,3 28 ,926

h udd e s G rove i nE lkyns

1 572 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1150

?E lk ins W ood

1 840 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /3

l i nt h eR yd inge se nde , e a s to fB i rch ley H a l 1 5a c re s , 1r ood , 3 p e rche s , l o ca t ion f i t st h a t o f1 572

A lne b osco e tp lano a dA lnam

c . 1169 , R oyce ,L andboc , V o l . I ,p .1 84

p er t inen t ibu s b osco n os t ro d eA lna

c . 1240 , R oyce ,L andboc , V o l . I ,p p . 5 30 1

s s a n a sa r tt h e re , a r ound p a rvam A seberne

b o scum d eA lne

1 3 16 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /292

b yN ew lond

u na g rava

1 435 ,R oyce ,L andboc , V o l . I ,p p . 5 62 -3

p a r to fB or e s r oward

A l spa th -s e Mer iden e A lveco te -s eS hut ton e ting A lve s ton w udu

9 66 , B i rch , C ar tu lar ium S axon icum , V o l . I I , n o . 182

e Am ing ton -s eT amwor th 2 00

A n s ley i nB osco d eA ne s t leye

1 246 -7 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t4 0 r

b os chum m eum q u ii a ce ti n ter d uos

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , P .R .O . , E3 15 /4 1/20

g r an ted b yR obe r t Wa lke l in t oH enry d e

4 13 , P .R .O . , E 212 /93 1

a pp rova l g i ven t og r an tt oA rbu ry P r iory -? i n

L i lebu rne l

d i c tos c ampo s = unum B o scum q uondam H enr ic i

t h ev i c in i ty o fP r ie s tF i e ld so n moder nm ap s

L i l ebu rne l b os cum v oca tum A s tone s t ray

1 4 11 , B a r t le t , Mandues omanorum , p . t sedum R

b y ap a s tu re c a led L ey L awnd e s l

1 4 1 b os cum v oca tum Monewod

1 4 11 , B a r t le t , Mandues omanor um ,p . t sedum R

b y Monewod -H a l -F e lde l

1 4 1 A n s ty d eb os co d eA ne s ty

1 254 , P .R .O . , KB 2 6 / 154

? =d eb osco d eA ne s ty

1 256 , P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/244 /24

c l a im f o re s tove r st h e re h a lf g r an ted t oC oven t ry P r iory , w i th p e rm is oa sa r t sion t s

? = in b o sco d eA ne s ty

1 261-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t5 7d

m ed ie ta tem b o sc is u id eA ne s ty

1 4 11 f o r 1 349 -59 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 02v

p ar cum d eA ns ty

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,r o t s5 4v -56 r

? T he g rov ea l ias t h eP ark e

c . 1600 , W .C .R .O . , CR285 / 56

b e long ing t oR icha rd S tanappe

A r ley m ed ie ta tem B osc i

1 202 -3 , P .R .O . , C P 2 5 / 1/242 /6

? =Ar ley W ood

1 839 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /8

? cor spond ing i np a r tt ot h ep r e sen t Wood re

A rrow ( s ee a l so Over s ley ) b o scum s uum d eA rewe

1 229 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 227 -31 , p .1 87 l

o fW i l iam d eC amv i l ' a nd w i th in t h e f o re s to f l l

? =ad b o scum

1 261-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t4 8d

? =wood o fA rue

1 326 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 323 -7 , p . 57 l

b e long ing t oR obe r tB u rde t

? =wood o fA rewe

1 333 , C a lendar o f Pa ten tR o l s , 1 330 -4 , p .4 06 l

l i cence t oR obe r tB u rde tt oi mpa rk i t

b osco S t ephan id eR age le

1 238 , C ur ia R eg is R o ls , XV I , n o . 1 49c l

? i nR ag ley

F eckenham

A shon ie -s eN ewbo ld P acey e A show b o scum d eE seho s

1 200 ,P ipe R o lS oc ie ty , V o l . L (new s e r ie s l X I ) , p .1 84 I

? =bo sc id ee sehou s

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , P .R .O . , E 210 /3697

b oscum f or insecum

1 279 , HR , p . 10

o fW i l iam d e S ime ly l

b o scum i n c lusum

1 279 , HR ,p . 10

o fW i l iam d e S ime ly l

b oscum

1 279 , HR ,p . 10

o ft h eP r io ro fK en i lwo r th

? = in i ob o sco q u iv oca tur l

1 3 16 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .c x lv

h e ld b yK en i lwo r th P r iory

T hycke thorne = Bo sc 'd e T h ik e thorn

1 478 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 / 15 / 1

=T h ick thor n W ood

1 597 , W .C .R .O . , Z 14 1/ (U )

t h e moder nT h ick thorn Wood

b oscum q uod v oca tur L eh o

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/54

n ex tt om eadow a nd w a te rc a led E se swy le l s b e long ing t oG eof eS ymy l i frey l

= bo s co m eo d e Hoo

1 30 1 , P .R .O . , LR 1 4 /229

? =H ow g rove

1 597 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 14 1/ 1(U )

l eB i r che s /N e ther ( e ) -b irche s

n . d . , P .R .O . , E 326 /497 ,4 59 , 3 47 1 , E

d i v ided f r om H oH i lb ya na sa r t l s

2 10 /6517 , E 315 /51/73 = to t ius b o sc id e lN e therby r che s

1 324 , P .R .O . , E 210 /5693

b osco m eo q u iv oca tur W yd enhey

1 30 1 , P .R .O . , LR 1 4 /229

g raua

1 375 , P .R .O . , E2 10 /5451

u nam g ravam

1 431 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1 /59

b e long ing t oG eof eS ymy l i frey l g r an ted t oJ ohn A l ryche

2 01

b osco i nB y r ico th

c . 1235 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 14

g r an t ed w i th t h ed i tch ( f os sa to )

? =boscum. . i n c lu sum a dm odum

1 279 , HR ,p .1 06

i nB er ico te

p arc i ? =Bur ico te G rov e

1 500 , S .B .T . , DR I8 /30 /24 /45

= Bery C oa te g rove

1 597 ,W .C .R .O . ,Z 14 1/ 1(U )

m oppe sg roue

1 389 , P .R .O . , S c2 / 207 /77

i nB e r ico te

. u nusparcus . a l iusparcus

1 300 ,P .R .O . , c1 33 /98 / 32

o fA nd r ew d eA s t ley

l e cau se G rove

1 394 -5 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 150

A s t ley

l e how spo le

1 394 -5 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 150

? =H ow P oo l W ood

1 696 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /M9

s i lua T home B ecche u nam g ravam s i ve c op iam s i lue

-

b a rk s o ld t h e re

1 394 -5 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 150 1 587 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 170

l v oca ta g a lo 'f e i lde a l ias h aw t s g rove ? =H au t ' s W ood

1 696 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /M9

g rova v oca ta S l ade sg rove

1 587 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 170

A s ton ( s ee a l so E rd ing ton ) sehu l c l aus d eb osco d el o zd ens l

1 532 ,B .R .L . ,4 13 ,517

l ? =Lose l s W ood

1 758 ,B .R .L . , 3 7 1 ,055

l t h en ame a ppea r sa l so a sl o ze shu l i n th es ame l d ocumen t? = L oze l s

W a iswod e

fs 1 326 ,S t af . R .O . ,D 1287 /6 / 18

n oi n d ica t ion t h a ti th ad t r ee sa t th i sd a t e ;

. v s hewode ? =va s tu. oca tur W as

fs 1 440 ,S t af . R .O . ,D 1287 /6 / 18

p r e sumab ly i nt h ea r ea o f Wa shwood H ea th

L e W od e

1 363 ,B .R .L . , 1 9 ,868

l i nC a s t le B romw ich ,n ea rt h er o ad t oC o le sh i l

t t L e te lf e ld a te W od e

1 360 ,P .R .O . , E4 0 / 11983

i nC a s t le B romw ich

. b oscu s . v oca tu sl e spr ing

fs 1 548 -9 , S t af . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /288

i nC a s t le B romw ich

u nam g rauam b o sc ia pud h o lebrok

1 331 ,B .R .L . , 1 9 ,836

s i n c lo sed b y ah edge a nd d i tch ( s epe e tf o sa to )

1 539 ,B .R .L . , 3 47 ,879

p e rhap so nt h es i te o fC oneyg rove i n1 7 59

pane u n ius g raue

v oca tur l e

( B .R .L . , 1 48 , 157 )

C on ige r b oscum W i ton W ood t

1 26 1-2 ,P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t2 8d .1 469 ,B .R .L . ,3 47 ,863

o fA dam B a con i n Wa te rO r ton ? on t h es i t eo fW i ton C ommon t

A s ton C an t low d ep ar co

1 254 ,P .R .O . , C1 32 / 17 / 15

= parcus

1 273 ,P .R .O . , C1 33 /2 /7

= par cus

1 345 ,P .R .O . , C1 35 /4 1/ 19

= ?parcus v oca tur S he l f hu l l

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

= parcum d eS he l f hu l l

1 467 -8 ,W .C .R .O . , CR623 /box 1

A s tong rove

1 467 -8 ,W .C .R .O . , CR623 /box 1

=G roua v oca ta A s tone G rove

1 539 -40 ,P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen VI I I/5694

= As ton G rove

1 776 ,W .C .R .O . , CR882

t h em oder nA s ton G rove

n . d . ,S e lec tD ocumen t sA bbey o fB ec , ( e d .

n u t sa nd p annage t h e re

1 52 a c re s ,w i th u nde rwood a nd p annage 1 6 1 a c re so fg r ea tw ood ( g ros s' b ow ' )

A ther s tone b oscus

C h ibna l l ) ,p .1 03 t h eo w tewood e s

1 547 ,W .C .R .O . , L 2 /86

= A the r s tone O u twood s

c . 1740 ,W .C .R .O . ,Z 323 / 1

A ther s tone -on -S tour q ua tuor a cr i sb o sc i

24 8 /74 1 497 -8 ,P .R .O . ,C P2 5 / 1/

A u s trey A von D as s et t

2 02

.

B adde s ley C l in ton i nd ef ensa q ue v oca tur h aywd e

c . 1200 , S .B .T . , DR 3 / 1

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st ot h e mode rn

= bo sco q u i v oca tur H aywod eparc

c . 1300 , S .B .T . , DR3 / 11

H aywood

o u twod e

c . 1300 , S .B .T . , DR3 / 13

? in c ommun ib osco

1 429 , S .B .T . , DR3 /785

d i s t inc tf r om t h ee nc losed w ood

G i lberd e shurne

1 325 , S .B .T . , DR3 /34

ap i ece o fw ood land b e tween G renef e ld a nd

? -t r ibu sg rov i s

1 336 , S .B .T . , DR3 /66 -7

? =G i lberd e sg rove i nG i lberd e s lond

v a r iou sd a te s , S .B .T . , DR3 /53 -6 , 6 6 -7 , 6 9 , 8 6 ,

H aywood i nG i lberde s lond

8 9 , 1 04 -5 , 15 , 1 34 -5 , 1 63 -4 , 1 70 , 1 95 -6 , 3 44 , 2 89 -90 ? =G i lber t sC opp ice

1 699 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 234

G eggeg roue

1 329 , S .B .T . , DR3 /48

=G egg eg rove

1 407 , S .B .T . , DR3 / 158 -9

= unum v i rgu l tum v oca tum G ege s

1 465 , S .B .T . , DR3 /793

G rove =G eg g rove

1 593 , BD ,2 2 /45 /37

1 4a c re s

=Gay G rove

1 699 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 234

n ow p a r to ft h em oder nH aywood

g roua

1 356 , S .B .T . , DR3 /93

n ea rH aywood a nd G eggeg rove

= g rauam q uondam R og er i

1 376 , S .B .T . , DR3 / 111

C he tewynd e ? =C ha t ing s

1 699 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 234

u num g rove tum . .q uondam f ul t

c . 1422 , S .B .T . , DR3 / 183

b e tween H aywood a nd t h er oad f r om

d uo c rof ta e tp ar su n iu sc rof te

B adde s ley t o Wa rw ick ; t h ec r o f t sw e re n o t

v i d e l ice tB romec rof t , P appe ley

w ood land i n1 330 -s e S .B .T . , DR3 /51 e

c rof te tp ar sd eL ed i scrof t = duas p ar ce la sb osc iv oca tas l

1 435 , S .B .T . , DR3 /787 n ex tt oH aywood

B roume sg rov e = Broune sg rov e

1 444 -5 , S .B .T . , DR3 /800

= una g rova .voca ta B rome sg rov e . . .

n . d . , 1 5 th C . , S .B .T . , DR3 /807

Brome sg rov e -

1 596 , S .B .T . , DR3 /339

D odg rove

1 422 -3 , S .B .T . , DR3 / 184

N ew enhame sg rove

1 346 -7 , S .B .T . , DR3 /80

l = f i e ld w i th ag rove c a l ed

1 339 , S .B .T . , DR3 /7 1

b y G reenef t e ld ea l ia s B rome sc rof t -ap i ece o f g round b y 1 597 -S .B .T . , DR3 /48 1 l b y ac l o se c a led C he tewyn s

N ew lond e B i rchy g rove

1 429 , S .B .T . , DR3 /785

= B ir cheng rov e

1 444 , S .B .T . , DR3 /24 1

= B i r chyng rov e

1 446 , S .B .T . , DR3 /245

=G raua v oca ta B i rchyng rove

1 462 -3 , PR O . , DL 2 9 /463 /7551

aw ood o ft h e D uchy o fL anca s te r

B ar /owe sg rov e

1 532 , S .B .T . , DR3 /302

b yB ir ch ing rove -S .B .T . , DR3 /303 h e ld b yR obe r tB a r lowe

l a nd o ft h eD uchy o fL anca s te r

rey ? =g ravam a pud m or lane

1 49 1 , S .B .T . , DR3 /795

t y lhous g roue d yche

1 478 , S .B .T . , DR3 /794

=T y lhou se g rove

1 503 , S .B .T . , DR3 /289 -90

t ? =C lay P i t sg rove

1 639 , S .B .T . , DR3 /395 -7

s l T i /house w a s a soc ia ted w i th l a nd c a led

t ? =C lay P i t sC opp ice

1 699 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 234

t C l ep i te si n1 628 -S .B .T . , DR 3 /39 1

d uo g raue a d iacenc ia

1 429 , S .B .T . , DR3 /203 -4

b e tween H aywood p a rk a nd t h ew a s te o f B adde s ley a nd t h ep a rk a nd r o ad t oT emp le l l B a lsa l , g ran ted t oJ ohn Maye l

? =Long G rove

1 606 , S .B .T . , DR 3 /354

l a nd c a led Ma le si sr e co rded i n1 699 b y l

= S id e se sC opp ice

1 699 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 234

S i de se sC opp ice ,n ea rH aywood a nd t h ew a s te

W h i t l e sg rov e

1 456 -7 , S .B .T . , DR3 /804

=W h i t ley sg rov e

n . d . , 1 5 th C . , S .B .T . , DR3 /807

b yt h ec o mmon o fB adde s ley

G rovam H enr ic iS omer lane

n . d . , 1 5 th C . , S .B .T . , DR3 /807

b yN ew lond

u na G rova

1 451-2 , S .B .T . , DR3 /803

b e tween t h em ano ra nd t h em i lpond ? =p l o t l

u na G rova

1 451-2 , S .B .T . , DR3 /803

l b yl e Spryng e sa nd t h e l a nd c a led m agyndey

n o . 1 70 o nt h et i t he a wa rd n ex tt ot h em ano r? =p lo tn o . 1 56 o nt h et ihe a wa rd R ow ing ton C opp ice

s hown o n m ap o f1 699 -W .C .R .O . ,Z 234

1 593 , S .B .T . , DR3 /334

2 03

,

1 549 , S .B .T . , DR3 /309

am eadow i n1 568 -S .B .T . , DR 3 / 319

a db o scum d eB adde s le

fs n . d . , ? l3 th C . , S t af . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/ 10 / 10

s n ea rt ot h en ew a sa r ti nF r ea s ley

l l ap arce lo fW oode c a lyd t h eg rove

1 532 , P .R .O . , E 303 /7 / 12 1

F ar thyng sg rove B adde s ley E nsor

B ag in ton g rava

c . 1130 -6 1 , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f . 19

b e tween t h eb ounda ry w i th S t one le igh a nd t h e . p a rk , i e . p r e sumab ly t h eg rove m a rked o nt h e t ihe m ap b yt h er i ve rS owe

? =g ravam

1 279 , HR , p .5

? =g ravam

c . 1280 , C .R .O . , 3 9 /6

E s tg rava

c . 1130 -6 1 , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f . 1 9 , 2 9 -30

= E s tg rava

n . d . , B .L . , A dd . MS . ,4 7 ,677 , f .c l .

? =As teg rove

1 529 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 18 /519

? =Ashe G rove

1 544 -5 ,P .R .O . , LR 2 / 18 1

l m i l eg roue

1 469 -7 1 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2220

=my lg rove

1 529 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 18 /519

l =M y le G rove

1 544 -5 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 18 1

P i p i l g r a u e

1 3 13 , C .R .O . , 3 9 / 19

b yS me the lowe ; w he the rw ood land n o ts t a ted

p lacea p ra t ie tb osc i v oca ta l e

1 350 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /24

p r e sumab ly b yt h eL un t

w h i tmore c op ies

1 529 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 18 /519

? =mode rn Wh i tmoo r Wood

=W hy tmore C op ie s

1 544 -5 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 18 1

k i ng sc l ief f

1 529 , P .R .O . , E3 03 / 18 /519

p o ter sp y te s t t

1 529 ,P .R .O . , E 303 / 18 /519

E s twod

n . d . , 1 2 th C . ,S LB ,p p . 8 ,l v i i i

n ea rt h er i ve rA von

L oun t

a soc ia ted w i th B ag in ton , b u tn o ts t a t ed t ob e s i nB ag in ton

B a l sa l l i nb o sco n os t ro d eB e l e sa le

n . d . , e a r ly 1 3 th C . , P .R .O . , E2 10 /5586

p annage a nd a sa r t st h e r e s

? =Ba l sa l W ood l

1 538 , W .C .R .O . , CR 112 /Ba .188 /2

ag r ea tc ommon w ood o fa tl e a s t3 50 a c r e s ,? =

L e Merewod

1 322 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 318 -1323 ,p l

?b y Mee rE nd ,p a r to fB a l sa lC ommon o n l

B a lsa l Wood /Common o n e nc losu re l 5 88

e nc lo su r e

p ark

1 538 , W .C .R .O . , CR 112 /Ba .188 /2

2 77 a c re s

F rogmoor

1 538 , W .C .R .O . , CR 112 /Ba .188 /2

d e sc r ibed a s ay oung w ood , i tp robab ly b ecam e

l e Ne therwood

1 538 , W .C .R .O . , CR 112 /Ba .188 /2

p r ie s t sp ark

1 540 ,P .R .O . , E 315 /36 1

D opkyns g rove

1 538 , W .C .R .O . , CR 112 /Ba .188 /2

n emus o perab i le a pud C hed lesw ich

c . 1135 -61 , B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . ,

t h ep r e sen tF rogmoo r Wood 4 1 a c r e s ,p robab ly t h ep r e sen tP r ie s t sP a rk Wood p r e sumab ly i nC hadw ick

A 1/2 , A 3 , A 4 , A S B arche s ton n . d . , ? l5 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR580 / 1

n oe v idence o ft h e g rove i t se lf

s ub tu sb osco d ep er se le

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .L . , H a r l . C h . 4 6 A3 0

b yt h eg r ea tm eadow o fB a rf o rd ,p r e sumab ly

= una a cra b osc i. nP erce leye . i

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 968 ,r o t 1 4d

P e r ce /eyg rove n ex tt oH amp ton E p i scop i( i . e .

B roade G rove f ur long B ar ford

We s tham H amp ton L ucy ) s p inam q ue v oca tur C u te ley ron t

326 , P .R .O . , E 326 /292 1 _1

2 04

B ar s ton p a rk a nd w ood

, C a lendar R o tu l i C har torum , 1 6( c i ted i n 199 V CH , V o l . I V , p .2 3 )

B ar s ton p ark

1 540 1 , P .R .O . , E3 15 /36 1

ac ommon w ood , 8a c r e s

E sco t t W ood

1 540 1 , P .R .O . , E 315 /36 1

ac o mmon w ood ,n o r th o ft h er i ve r

b oscum d eB e r ton

1 233 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , XV ,n o . 9 10 l

s epa ra ted b y af i e ld f r om C omp ton

B osco s uo d eB ar ton

1 246 -7 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 952 , r o t3 7d

B ar ton -on the -Hea th

B ax ter ley l e Ow tewod ed eB ax ter ley

1 497 -8 , P .R .O . , E 315 /283 , f .2 0

B ear ley o tam g rauam t

n . d . ,F ormu lare ,n o . DCLX

= to tam g rauam m eam q uam p a te r

n . d . ( b ef o re 1 2 16 ) , P .R .O . , E 326 /8453

b yP a th low

m eu sa dqu i s iu i td eg en i ? =G raua d eB ur le ia

n . d . , 1 3 th .C . , P .R .O . , E3 15 /43 / 155

? =g raua J ohann i s

n . d . P .R .O . , E 315 /45 / 106

? =Bur leye g rov e

1 3 17 , S .B .T . , DR98 /786

n ea rP a th low ; ar o ad l e d f r om t h eg rove t o C lop ton

= Bur leyg rove

o fJ ohn d eB u r le ia ?

1 439 a nd 1 46 1 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2429 a nd DR38 / 1429

t h i ss em st oh ave b een e n la rged t ob ecome t h e e s even teen th -cen tu ry g rove o f1 60 a c re s( S .B .T . , DR38 /44 -5 )

B eaude ser t t r e scen tas a cra sb osc i i n f ra

1 326 , B .L . , C o t . C h . xi xvi 1 37 t

m ag num p arcum = bo scus i n f ra m agnum p arcum

1 4 19 -20 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 24

ag rove w i th in l ymsey s

1 463 , P .R .O . , E4 0 /9087

ag roue w i th in t h es eyd P enk e s

1 463 ,P .R .O . , E4 0 /9087

B eau sa le S cor twode

1 209 , P .R .O . , C P 2 5 / 1/242 /8

? =va s tum d eS chor twode

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .R .L . , K een 2 6

l aB ir che sg rav e

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 10 /33 ; 1 342 -3 ,

r e f e rence a l so t ot h eh ea th o fS hor twood

B .R .L . , K een 2 6 ; 1 392 -3 , BD , b ox 1 39 ? =bo scum i n c lusum

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /49

B edwor th l eN or thwod e

1 270 , P .R .O . , E3 26 / 388

i n c luded k arwe l emor -W .C .R .O . , l

= bosco e t pa s tura v oca t i s

1 383 ,F ormu lar e ,n o . CC IX

CR 136 /C 109 ; c ommon p a s tu r e -W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 126

N or thwod = bosco v oca to N or thwod

1 440 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 107

l eS u thwode

1 270 , P .R .O . , E 326 /388

c ommon p a s tu re -W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 126

i nb o sco m eo d eB edew r th

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , P .R .O . , E 326 /3608

o fI s abe l d eT urv i le , b yt h ef u r long c a led l l T he l ich te ; a l te rna t ive n ame i nt h ee ndo r semen t

= bo sco q ue v oca tur l eH ook

p a r to fC ar t e l sw ood ? = the t owns e nd H ook

1 702 ,W .C .R .O . , CR432 7 box 2 9

i nb o sco o sp i ta l i ss anc t iJ ohann i s

1 333 , P .R .O . , E 326 / 10778

q uod v oca tur l eO xewodde i nb o sco q u iv oca tur C a lvec rof t

1 275 -6 , P .R .O . , E 326 / 11258

t h i sa d jo ined t h et wo w ood sb e low

b o scum T homef i l ip e tr id em on te i

1 275 -6 , P .R .O . , E 326 / 11258

s ea bove e

2 05

b o scum q u if u i tq uondam R ober t i

1 275 -6 , P .R .O . , E 326 / 11258

e s ea bove

? =G rea t Mar sha l s W ood l

1 633 -4 , P .R .O . , E1 78 /5689

o wned b yR obe r tF i she ri n1 633 -4

? =S i rC lemen tF i sher ' sw ood

1 696 , W .C .R .O , CR 136 /M9

m iche l

al i t l eg rove c a led B o t sg rove t l t

1 538 , P .R .O . , E3 03 / 17 /2 19

= g rove c a led B o t sg rove l t

c . 1600 -20 , S .B .T . , DR9 1/2

=C lo se c a led B o t sG rove o rl i t l e l t t

1 698 , W .C .R .O . , CR4 10 /box 2 5

p a r to f Wa le send f a rm

b e long ing t ot h eC ha r te rhou se o fC oven t ry

W ood B en t ley [ p a r t so fw ood s ] p ark o f Ben t ley

1 2 th C . , V CH , V o l . I V ,p .2 11 ; D ugda l e , V o l .

g i ven b y Wa l te rd e C amv i le t o Me r eva le

I ,p .1 048

A bbey

l 1 240 , C a lendar o fC lose R o l s , 1 237 -42 ,p .2 2 1

o f Maud d e C amv i le

n . d . , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C707

o fN icho la sd eA s t ley

= par co d eB en te leye

l 1 484 , C a lendar o f Pa ten tR o l s , 1 476 -85 ,p .

= Ben t ley W ood

4 79 1 543 -4 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,242

= Bo sco v oca to B en t ley p arke p ar tem d ucen tarum a crarum b osc i

1 267 , P .R .O . , KB 2 6 / 176 , r o t s 1 8 r , 3 5r

H oar eP arke

1 6 14 , S .B .T . , ER3 /2546

c l a imed b yt h ew idow o fR obe r tC u rzun

B erk swe l l i nb o sco m eo d eb e rke l e swe l l

n . d . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/ 181

l l o fN ige ld e Mundev i le /Mandev i le

= bo sco m eo d eB e rc le swe l l

n . d . , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .2 7

t d i to

p ar tem i ue d i c i tur B erne t lam q

n . d . , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .2 7

l p a r to ft h ew ood o fB e rk swe l

? = le b erne t

n . d . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/ 181

b y W h i thame sr ud ing , W idenhay

? =bo scus q u iv oca tur L eB erne t

1 3 16 ,P .R .O . , C1 34 /49 , 5 1

? =cop ic ium d om in iv oca tum

1 455 -6 , P .R .O . , S C6 / 1038 /2

w i th s p r ing o ru nderwood

B erne t t ?l eB erne t

1 480 1 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /642 / 10422

b yl el o ngf e ld

? -bearne t

c . 1555 , P .R .O . , E3 6 / 167

ad eme sne w ood

l t ? = lord ' sw ood c a l ed B e rne t

1 6 13 , W .C .R .O . , MR2 1/2

b yC o tman sf i e ld s ; f o rt h es ugge s ted l o ca t ion

b oscus d i c t i C om i t i sq u iv oca tur

c . 1303 10 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .8 0 1

e s et e x ta nd m ap I n 1 758 ( no . 1 962 i nt h e Me reva le MSS ) H awke r s Moo re F a rm w a sd escr ibed a s

H a skore smor e / le h aue ske smore /

f o rme r ly ac opp ice w ood

h auekare smor e ? =hawkar sm or e

c . 1555 , P .R .O . , E 36 / 167

s uboscus d e lB rod eredyng

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /51

s uboscus d ey e s terhuy rne

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /51

b oscus q u i v oca tur R ounderud ing

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /49

ad eme sne w ood

= le R oundr udyng

1 480 1 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /642 / 10422

= Rounde R idd ing e

c . 1555 , P .R .O . , E3 6 / 167

b oscu sq u iv oca tur l eR ooc lo s

1 3 16 ,P .R .O . , C1 34 /49

f ? =quadam C op ic ia v oca ta R uf e

1 547 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,255

ad eme sne w ood

se C los ? =T he R owghe C lose

c . 1555 , P .R .O . , E 36 / 167

? =Rough C lo se W ood

1 782 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /80

ad eme sne w ood

i nb o sco v oca to W as tewode

1 455 -6 , P .R .O . , S C6 / 1038 /2

? =W e s twood /w as tw ood

c . 1555 , P .R .O . , E 36 / 167

1 808 -W .C .R .O . , CR 172 / 1-2

B echewode

1 455 -6 , P .R .O . , S C 6 / 1038 /2

p r e sumab ly t h e modem B eechwood l c a led ac o mmon wood c . 1555

b y We s twood i nS tone le igh o ne nc lo su re i n

? =bechewood

c . 1555 , P .R .O . , E 36 / 167

l eb l ak eha le

1 480 1 ,P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /642 / 10422

= B lak eha l e

1 555 , P .R .O . , E 36 / 167

ac ommon w ood , ? by B la ck H o le

c . 30 t e nan t s ' g rove s

1 555 , P .R .O . , E3 6 / 167

e af ew n amed -s eb e low

p as tura v oca ta T wychef ie ld c um

1 480 1 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /642 / 10422

u na g raua . .a d iacen te ? =cu iusda rn c op ic ie v oca te

l ? s ee Tw i tche l o nt i the m ap

1 547 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,255 ,m . 4 3

T wy che lwood l W a l sa lg rove s

1 486 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /394 2 06

g rove sc a led n edor F enn 'a nd o ver l

1 486 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /394

F enn g rovam. oca tam g oodyg e . v

1 555 , PR O . , E 36 / 167

n ex tt oB eeachend e

? =Good ing eg rove o rG oodens

1 6 14 , W .C .R .O . , MR2 1/2

b yB eechewood H ou se

G rove R yd er sG rove

1 555 , P .R .O . , E 36 / 167

? =Ryd ing G rove

1 665 , W .C .R .O . , MR2 1/ 5

t b yC layp i tf i e ld s

? =Redd ing C opp ice a l ia s

1 638 , W .C .R .O . , B .R .L . , 2 76 ,8 18

e p r e sumab ly b ecame S l ippe r s l ide Wood , s e

S l ibbe r s lad eg rove fW W a ldyf od e

m oder nm ap s 1 489 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 /24 /24

? =W a ldwood

1 555 , PR O . , E3 6 / 167

l ? =W a lywood

1 6 12 , W .C .R .O . , MR2 1/2

i nC or ne s t E nd

? =W a ld iewood o r W a ld en W ood

1 627 , B .R .L . , 2 76 ,809

b y Wa lden f i e ld s

Mor eco te W ood

1 538 , W .C .R .O . , CR 112 /Ba .188 /2

=M oreco te W ood

1 605 , W .C .R .O . , CR2440 / 1/2 -3

' g round s ' , n o tw ood

1 240 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 19

sion t s r e f e rence t op e rm is oa sa r ta nd e nc lo se

e B ev ing ton -s e S a lf ord l B i ckenh i l H ar eg rave

l a nd t h e re i nB osco q uod v oca tur E ch le s

-1 27 1-2 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/244 /29

i n Ma r s ton C u ly ; t h en ame o ft h ew ood c an b e r e ad a sE ch le so rE th le s

a pud L yndon b oscus

1 446 -7 , PR O . , S C 1 /8 19

? = L yndon w od e

1 464 , W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/ 12

i nL yndon

h e ld b yt h eA bbo to fC oombe

B idf ord l B i le s ley B i l ton B in ley b o scum f or insecum

1 279 , HR ,p .1 28

b o scum f or insecum

1 279 , HR ,p .1 29

lam n p ar tem i emor i sm e id e

t l n . d . , 1 2 th C . , B .L . , C o ton V i te l iu s Ai ,f .4 2

l B i lne ia ? =quar tem p ar tem n emor i sm ea b

t l n . d . , ? l2 th C . , B .L . , C o ton V i te l iu s Ai ,f .4 3

o cc id en ta le p ar te ? = the w e s twode

1 538 , PR O . , E 303 / 16 /39

b yt h ec onven tp oo l

= the w e s tw ood

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 14

c o mmon w ood

= we s tw ood

1 565 -6 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2224

s a soc ia ted w i th N ew C lo se Wood i n1 823 -

p ar tem n emor i sm e iq uod d i c i tur

t l n . d . , 1 2 th C . , B .L . , C o ton V i te l iu s Ai ,f .4 4

W .C .R .O . , D 34 m une che t 1 334 , B od le ian L ib ra ry , MS T op . Wa rk sC 8

l ? nea rt h ew a s te o fS owe c a led S ho r twood

B in ley W ood

? c .1580 , M . MSS . , M i M 2 32

b yt h eg r ea tc opp ice i nB randon

?B in ley C ommon W ood

1 823 , W .C .R .O . , D 34

l aW ood o rc op ie sc a led t h en ewe

1 538 , PR O . , E3 03 / 16 / 36

i n Wood G range ,b yB randon H ea th

=N ewec lose C ope s

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 14

r p r e sumab ly c o re spond ing t ot h ep r e sen tN ew

? =N ew C lose W ood

1 823 , W .C .R .O . ,D 34

C lo se Wood

l AG rove i nB yn ley c a led C omener s

1 538 , P .R .O . , E3 03 / 16 /57

l e a sed t oJ ohn G a rdene ra nd E l ene h i sw if e

1 746 , B od le ian L ib ra ry ,C raven 3 20

m ap s how s i tt oo ccupy t h es am ea r ea a st h e

b o sco i n c luso q u i v oca tur S hor twod ei nB i lneye

se c l os

G rov e ? =Gard ner s W ood

t m oder nB u ton s Wood

t = Bu tons W ood B yn ley C op ie s

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 14

? =P i le sC opp ice ; S i rJ ohn H a r ing ton 's l a nd s

? =copp i so fS i rJ ohn H ar ing tons

n . d . ,t .E l iz . , M . MSS . , M i M . 2 32

c ame t ot h eC raven f am i ly a nd h i sc opp ice a d jo ined B randon , a sd oe sP i le sC opp ice

2 07

B in ton q uandam g rovam s i ve C ope s ium

1 546 , W .C .R .O . , CR 114A / 104 / 1

b ys i xh ad lond s , i nt h et e nu re o fJ ohn D rape r

1 554 -5 , W .F . N ob le ,H i s to ry o fB in ton ( 1 879 )

2 0a c re s ,n on ame

b o sc i w ood

p .1 82 ( W .C .R .O . , CR2776 / 1) T ownsend g rove o r Y e lve sg rove &

1 625 ,N ob le ,H i s tory o fB in ton ,p .1 87

W e lg rove l

3g rove t si n1 632 -3 ,N ob le , H is to ry o fB in ton , p .4 29

B ird ingbury g rauam

n . d . , B .L . ,A dd . C h .4 8 ,031

? =parue g raue

n . d . , B .L . ,A dd . C h .4 8 ,029

? = in l e grove i n f ra s epe

1 392 , P .R .O . , DL 4 3 / 14 / 3

? =pas ture c a led t h eG rove l

1 476 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 5 /GG7

r ab le l a nd a

B irm ingham al y te lw od o rg rove c a led W ya t s l l t

1 529 , B .R .L . ,9 4 ,314

c on ta ined 4a c re s ,a ak s l o

F e ld i p a s tura s i ve b o scus v oca tus l e

1 529 , B .R .L . ,9 4 ,314

W or s ton B i shop 's I t ch ing ton B i shop 's T achbrook -s eT achbrook e B our ton o nD unsmore B ra i le s q uedam g rava

1 268 , P .R .O . , C1 32 /35 / 13

? =g roua

1 4 13 -4 , B .R .L . ,167 ,904 3 6a c re s

? =qu idam b o scu s

1 3 16 ,P .R .O . , C1 34 /49 ,5 1

? =Bray le s W od e

1 479 -80 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /642 / 1042 1

= Bray le s W od

1 543 ,B .R .L . , 1 68 ,2 16

2 0a c re s

? =T he L awne W oode

c . 1585 , W .C .R .O . , CR3231

m ap s how st h ew ood ,a tG rove E nd ( t he r ew a s

? =sub ter B o scum

1 631 ,B .R .L . , 1 67 ,910

a pud l eG rove E nd

? =Bray l e s W ood

1 692 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,052

4 0a c r e s

B o scum & B rue ram d eB raundon

1 226 ,P .R .O . ,C P2 5 / 1/244 / 15

s e pa ra ted f r om t h ew ood o fB ur legh ( i n

b o scum f or insecum

1 279 , HR ,p .5 2

am ed ieva lp a rk ,? hence t h en am eL awne )

B randon

B r ink low )b yh ea th .4 0a c re so fw ood

b osco m eo

1 366 , M . MSS . ,M i D3 956

g r ea tc opp is nt h ep ark e se i

1 57 1 , M . MSS , M iD a9 4

1 07 a c re s( p e rch o f1 8f e t ) e

t h el i t le c opp is se

1 571 , M . MSS . ,M iD a9 4

3 7 a c re s 1r ood ( p e rch o f1 8f e t ) e

S t and ing e W ood

1 582 , M . MSS . , M iD a9 4

_

B r ink low ( s ee a l so C oombe ) i nb osco m eo d eB urch t le io

c . 1150 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 19 1

? =bosco m eo d eB r inka laue

c . 1170 -86 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /37 -8

? =B i r ch ley Wood

? =d en emore m eo d eB r inca lawa

c . 1170 -82 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /39

g i ven t ot h eA bbey o fC oombe

b o sco s uo d eB r inke l e

1 206 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s ,V o l . I V ,p p . 2 05 -6 l

o ft h ea bbo to fC oombe

= Bo sco e xc luso d eB ur legh

1 226 , P .R .O . ,C P2 5 / 1/244 / 15

o ft h eA bbey o fC oombe , s epa ra ted b yh ea th

ac op ie m ad eo u to fpa r to f

1 500 1 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 117

q uod d i c i tur B urh t le ia

f r om t h ew ood a nd h ea th o fB randon B our t ley ? =By r t ley C op ie s

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR37 /b ox 14 2 08

B rynk e lowe C op ice

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /b ox 14

g rove c a l ed m or se g rove l

1 538 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 16 /86

b y ac l ose c a led A rme ley i nB r ink low f i e ld ; l c l o se sc a led g rove w e re b yH ar ley c l o se i n l rn 1 838 , W .C .R .O . , MB B r i

B room -s e B idford e B ubbenha l l q uendam b o scum

1 279 , HR ,p .9 0

q uamdam p ar tem f or insec ib osc i

1 39 1 , PR O . , E1 49 /60 / 16

B ubne lS pryng l

1 548 -9 ,N .W . A lcock , W arw ick sh i re G raz ie r a nd L ondon S k inner ( 198 1) ,p p . 1 56 , 1 75

? =M r . B rom ley ' sS pr ing W ood

1 726 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 4 14 (U )

=t h e mode rn B ubbenha l Wood l

B ubbenh i lw oodde a l ias l

1 580 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 542 /2 /5

ad eme sne w ood , 9 8 a c re s , 2p e rche sw i th t h e

1 580 , WC .R .O . ,Z 542 /2 /5

s ea bove e

B ubbenh i lc opye s l B ubbenh i ls hrubbe s l

s h rubbe s( s ee b e low )

= le S hr ubbe sw ood

1 639 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 /6 / 1

= Shrubb s W ood

1 726 , W .C .R .O . , Z 4 13 ,Z 4 14 (U )

a d jacen tt oR y ton Wood

d en emor ee i u sd em v i le l

l a te 1 2 th C . , PR O . , E1 64 /22 , f .i x

o fB udb rooke o rH amp ton C u r l ieu?

q u idam b o scu s

1 290 1 , PR O . , S C 1 2 / 14 /87

i nt h em ano ro fB udb rooke

b o scum q u i v oca tur W eg enok

1 3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /47 / 18

i nt h em ano ro fl aG raue

g rova

1 3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /47 / 18

d e sc r ibed a s aw ood , n ex tt ot h ec ap i ta l

B lusard e sg rov e /B le sard sg rove /

0 , 1 , 1 1 408 -25 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 /8 /4 , 1 2 , 1 3 ,

B ly sard e sg rove

1 4

[ a c r eo fw ood i nH amp ton C u r ly ]

1 507 , PR O . , E 315 / 34 / 148

p ar sonag eg rov e

1 589 -90 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 /80 / 1

B udbrooke

s uage o m es ft h em ano ro fl aG raue

b yt h ec hu rch ; t h e s i te o ft h em ano rl a ye a s to f t h ec hu rch

T he G rove

1 589 -90 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 /80 / 1

c op ice i n Judd ef e i ld s

1 589 -90 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 /80 / 1

o f 5a c re s , p a r to fP a rke r sh o ld ing a t th ew o ld

B u lk ing ton b o scum f or insecum

1 277 , PR O . , C1 33 / 17 /5

i n We s ton

p arcu s

1 299 , PR O . , C1 33 /90 /2

i n We s ton

d eb o sco d om in i

1 380 , PR O . , S C2 / 207 /33

i nB ar nac le

? =bo scum P r ior i sS anc t iJ ohann i s

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .5 4v

i nB ar nac le

J eru sa l em . d = bo scum. eB ernang le

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .5r

B urm ing ton set t B ur ton D as g rov e

1 497 , N or than t s . R .O . , T emp le ( S towe ) ,b ox

l b yt h em e se [ dwe l ing ]

4 /bund le l a / 1 B ur ton H a s t ing s r c en tum a cra st e re b osc ip as tur i s

1 6 th C . , L eadam ,D ome sday o f Inc lo sure s , p . 4 51

B u t ler s Mar s ton

2 09

. i nS hyrf ord , i e . S he lf o rd

C a ldeco te q u idam b o scus s epara l i s

1 364 , P .R .O . , C1 35 / 18 1/ 16

? =bo scum d eC a ldeco te

l 1 378 -9 , B .L . ,A dd . R o l4 9 ,72 1

t ? =Ca lco te w ood

1 538 , B .L . , A dd C h . 4 8 ,775

? =Caw lco te W ood

1 543 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 364 (Sm )

? Ca ld eco te W ood

1 839 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /57

i nq uadam p lac ia b o sc i

1 261-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t 1 0d

a bou tt e na c r e s , c ommon p a s tu r ef o rp i g st h e r e

C a ludon B o scum W a l te nid e C ouen tr ei n

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , C .R .O . , BA /H /H / 163 / 1 a nd 2

C a ludun = Bo scum q uondam W a l ter id e

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , C .R .O . , BA JH /H / 163 /3

C ouen tre ? =bo scum d e C a lwedon . .b osco d e

n . d . , B .L . , H a r ley 4 748 , f .4

am eadow o f Wa l te rd eC ou in t r el a yb e tween

C a loudon

t h ew ood a nd r i ve r S owe

B o scum f or incecum d e C a lowdon

1 46 1 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2460

w ood c a led N ewhewen l

1 385 , C a lendar o fI nqu i s i t ions M i sce laneou s , l V o l . I V ,n o . 2 99

= bosc i sd e[ Dedmor ( I ]N ewhewen =N ewhewen

1 425 , P .R .O . , C1 39 / 16 / 12 1 443 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2446

u nde r Wyken?

1 461 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2460

b yl y t i l s tob lyf e ldes? t

w ood o ft h em ano rc a led l

1 385 , C a l endar o f Inqu i s i t ions M i sce laneous , l

D ed emoor

V o l . I V ,n o . 2 99

= bo sc i sd eD edmor [ & N ewhewen ]

1 425 , P .R .O . , C1 39 / 16 / 12

L ag raue i nS t ub[ b i ]f e ld

1 338 -53 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 3 7 ,67 1 , f .2 3

x v i a c r e s i

p a rk

1 262 , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 8 35

8 0a c re s i n1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /97 /5

C an ley G rava

n . d . , ? 13 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/850

i nb osco. u iv oca tur l al e . q e

1 270 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/838

s chor twode

n . d . , c . 1285 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/847

C a s t le B romw ich -s eA s ton e C had shun t C hape lA sco te -s eR adbourn e C har leco te at h icke to f tr ee s . c a led . . l .

1 543 ,D ugda le , V o l . I ,p .5 0 1 ,c t ing P a t . 3 5 i

T he l e sf ord -g rove

H .8 ,p .8

=G rove i b idem v oca te T he le sf ord l

1 544 , P .R .O . , E 318 /22 / 12 12

a d jo in ing t h es i te o fT he l sf o rd P r io ry c on ta in ing 7a c re s

g rove C he s ter ton u nam g ravam i n c lu sam

1 279 , HR ,p .2 35

? =La g rave

1 272 1307 , S .B .T . , DR98 /245

? =quadam p ar te b osc i

1 293 , P .R .O . , E1 52 /4 ,m . 1 5

? =sub b o sco

1 287 , S .B .T . , DR98 /266

? =v a cre s ubbo sc i

1 300 , P .R .O . , C1 33 /93 /24

? = l e W ode

1 345 , S .B .T . , DR98 /373

? =qu idam b o scus i n c lusus

1 353 , P .R .O . , C1 35 / 123 /5

? =bo scum

1 44 1-2 , B .R .L . , 2 95 , 194

? = the w ode

1 474 , S .B .T . , DR98 /519

c on ta in ing t e n a c re so fu nde rwood

? =unam p arce lam b o sc iv oca tam l

1 508 , N o r than t s . R .O . , S pence r MSS . 1 49 1 ;

l e grove

S .B .T . , DR98 /540

? -one w oode o rc op ice c a led l

1 568 , S .B .T . , DR98 /938

C he s ter ton g rove 2 10

b yt h eo ver l e te a nd N e ther le te

C h i lver sC o ton s exag in ta a crarum b o sc i. i n

1 22 1 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 11

o fW i l iam d e S e s , o ne t h i rd c l a imed a sd owe r l

? =S eyzwod e

n . d . , 7 13 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C744a

? r emnan ti nt h e modem S ee swood , 1 2a c re si n

= le S ce swod e

1 394 -5 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 150

7 13 , W .C .R .O . , CR764 / 104 / 1 1

d im id ium b o scum u num v i d e l ice tl e

n . d . , ? c .1200 , PR O . , E3 15 /39 / 17

T h i sc on f irm s ag r an tr e co rded i nD ugda le ,

C he lur ede sco te

h ud e l l

V o l . I ,p .1 074 ,a sh av ing b een m ade t o A rbu ry P r io ry i nt h er e ign o fH enry I

= bo scum c um t e ra q uod v oca tur r

n . d . , 7 13 th C . , W .C .R .O . , C 136 /C7 16

h ud e le s N emor e . d eH erward e shay .

1 234 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 145

= cum B o sco q u iv oca tur

1 253 -4 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C7 17

H eward e shay = Bo scum. u iv oca tur . q

g r an ted b yT homa s s on o fS ae ry d e S t oke t o T homa sd e A s t ley

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C725

g i ven t oA rbury P r iory b yA nd rew d eA s t ley

H er ewa rd e shey ? =wood eg rowyng w i th in t h eN ew

1 49 1 , PR O . , E 303 / 17 /24 1

p ark e = the n ew p ark e

1 587 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C34 1

as p r ing w ood ( CR 136 /C36 1)

i nB osco

1 26 1-2 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t2 7d

o fI sman d e S u t legh

? =bosco s uo d e C he lver e sco te

n . d . , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C300

o fJ ohn d e S ud leye ,n ex tt oH or se lebrok

? =Boscum D om ine d el aG raue

1 3 16 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,068

n ea rt h er oad f r om A s t ley a nd t h eh or s l eybroc

? =bo scum m eum f or insecum

1 32 1-2 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C747 & n . d . ,

o fJ ohn d e S ud leye

W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C4 10

b yt h ew ood c a led l ek edyng l

1 468 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C420a

o fR a lph B o te le r , l o rd o fS ude ley

? =bo scum m eum v oca tum l e O u tewod e =Co ton O u twood s

1 606 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 1098

aN emor eq uod q uondam f u i t

1 284 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C724

R obe r t id eC amera b oscum q u iv oca tur l ek edyng

n . d . , 7 13 th C , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C4 10

? =K ydd ing s

1 587 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C34 1

= Spr ingk idd ing e s

1 597 , W .C .R .O . , CR764 / 104 / 1

= Spr ing K idd ing W ood

1 807 , W .C .R .O . , CR764 / 107

g rav e

n . d . , 7 13 th C , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C731

u na g rava q ue a ppe la tur l

1 296 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C729 , C 739

b e long ing t oA rbury P r iory

l o fW i l iam L o teman

O deneg reven u na p lacea b o sc im e iq ue v oca tur

1 3 19 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C746

m a lynnu smor = unam g ravam

1 332 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C756a

p a r to fm odymanne s lond

= una g rava b osc iv oca ta

n . d . , 7 14 th C , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C777

p a r to fm odymanny s lond

b oscum

1 3 19 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C746

l o fW i l iam d el as c lade

p lac ia b o sc iq ue v oca tur l e

1 337 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C759

m a l yne smor

W ard emor ? =una g rava

1 356 , P .R .O . , E 326 /3731

l h e ld b yW i l iam Wa rde

b oscum

1 337 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C759

l o fW i l iam P os te ly , b y W ardemor

b oscum

1 337 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C759

o fE d i th l e Wa rde ,b y W ard emor

g rava v oca ta h o lemor e

1 375 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C776

g rava b osc ii u x ta l ej o las sche

1 37 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C775

b osco a d iacen te v oca to

1 392 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C786

n ex tt oG r ey sacre

l e zh aunche

1 48 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C309

w ood

= g r ea th aunche , l i t l eh aunch , t

c . 1700 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /M 10 -M11

N y th tyngga l eg roue

H aunch W ood g rov ev oca ta w oodcock sg rove

1 532 ,W .C .R .O . , CR440 / 12

o nw e s te rn e dge o fG r if nC ar ton sC lo se s f, i ring

=W ood cock sg rove

a n te 1 537 -8 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 1250

-W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /M 18 , M95 , M96

t emp le p ark g rove

1 5 16 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C798

ag rove o fu nderwood

t h ek yng e sf e ld g rove f

1 5 16 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C798

2 11

W r ig h t sg rove o rt h es pr ing w ood

1 536 , P .R .O . , E 315 /404

=W r igh t sG rov en ow L ago ' sR uf f

p o s t 1 6 10 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 / 172a

= Largoe sR uf f

1 681 , W .C .R .O . , CR764 / 104 /4

=Dag ley s W ood

n . d . , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /M94 , M97A

S chype leye sg rove

1 538 -9 , W .C .R .O . , CR I36 /C313

? =S h ip ley W ood

1 8 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR319 / 13

f i e ld -name

1 538 -9 , P .R .O . , S c6 /Hen V1 1 1/3737

?n ame p e rpe tua ted i nf i e ld sc a led S t ead s , l

C hurch L aw ford c um s epara l i G rova i nl o co s uper

V CH , V o l . V I ,p l a te f a c ing p .1 48 , c opy i n

d une smore h e th v oca to l eS tod e

W .C .R .O . , Z 8 /7 -8 C hurchover u no G rave to i b idem c re scen te

1 535 ,P .R .O . , E 303 / 16 /82

v oca to l e gre i te p ark =G rove o r W odd ec a led t h eg rea t l

1 537 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 16 /60

p ark e C laverdon n emu s

, P .R .O . , E1 64 /22 , f .x i 123 i

? = in b osco d e C lav erdona

184 -93 ,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s ,V o l . I ,

? t owa rd s L ang ley

n o . 5 82 ? =bo sco m eo d eC lauerdon

c . 1196 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 133 / 1

o f Wa le ran e a r l o f Wa rw ick

g raua. u x ta s uhang ra g rang ia . i

n . d . ,? c .12 16 , BD

p r e sumab ly t h em ode rn S onga rG rove

= in g rauam d eS uang re /Soeng r e

n . d . , 7 13 th C . , BD

= Songar g roue

1 545 , P .R .O . , E 318 /2 1/ 112 1 ; BD

= Songar G rove

1 827 , W .C .R .O . , CR I663 /20

K inghemeg raue

n . d . , 7 13 th C . , K ing ' sC o lege , WO W / 110 l

n ea rt h ew ood o fH a le s towe ( Aus ty )

s i rhou l te

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , P .R .O . , E 315 /38 /4 1

n o tc a led aw ood ,b u td e sc r ibed a sp a r to f l

B i rchur s t

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s , p .

n o tc a led aw ood l

a sa r t s s 4 29 L ang l eg rove

n . d . , ? 16 th 17 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR895 / 18

aw ood , s t i lw ood i n1 695 ,B .R .L . ,K een 4 8 l

s ne le sg raue l

n . d . ,7 13 th C . , BD

i nL ang ley o rE d s tone

1 200 ,P .R .O . ,C P 2 5 / 1/242 /4

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t oC he lm s ley Wood

C l if ton u pon D unsmore C o le sh i l l b o scum q u i v oca tur C he l emunde she ia = bo sco m eo i nC he lmonde shay

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .R .L . ,W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 46

B oscum q u iv oca tur W i temor

1 200 ,P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/242 /4

B oscum d e Hoppe l e

1 200 , P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/242 /4

b o scum aq uercu q ue v oca tur

1 200 ,P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1 /242 /4

B romw iche i s pr e sumab ly C a s t le B romw ich ,

q uer cus C as te l iu sque a d l

i n d ica t ing t h ea pp rox ima te l o ca t ion o fp a r to f

L u t le sha ie v urend e , &i nde u sque

t h ew ood

[ ad ] W ir se temed e. & .ad . B romw iche B lake leg B o rya te swode

1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1 /2 /269 fs

d eb o sco d eB e l te s ley

1 26 1-2 ,P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t5 3r

l e a sed b yt h e l o rd o fS he ldon

= bo scum q uod v oca tur B e l te s ley

1 402 , B .R .L . ,W ingf i e ld D igby MSS . , A 433

= bo sco d eb el i e s /eye

n . d . ,P .R .O . , E 326 / 10722

a soc ia ted w i th A ldco tenha l e s

1 492 , C a lendar I nqu i s i t ions P os t Mor tem ,

2 0a c re s7 = modem A lco t Wood t

l [ wood i n ]A lco tenha l

H enry V I ,V o l , I ,p .8 02 I l e Ruydyng i nt h el adywode

1 351 , B .R .L . ,W ingf i e ld D igby MSS . , A 258

= Lad y W ood

1 495 , P .R .O . , S C 1 /683

u na g raua

1 367 ,B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 333

s e modem f i e ld c a led L owe rL adywood , e l W .C .R .O . , Z 436 (U )a nd P .G . 354

2 12

_

C ompton -s eF enny C omp ton ,L ong C omp ton e C omp ton V erney C oombe ( F ie lds ) I nb o sco d e C umbe

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t 5 8d

? =Combe w ood s

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 14

w ood o rc op ie sl y ing n ex tu n to t h e

1 537 , P .R .O . , E3 03 / 16 /55

i n Sm i te

s e id h i lf e i ld c a l ed h i lp arke o r l l l h e lp ark e l = h i lp ark ec op ice l

1 620 , B od le ian , C raven 7 1

=H i lP ark l

1 823 , W .C .R .O . , D 34

S wyn s t ie g rove

1 538 , P .R .O . , E3 03 / 16 /36

i n Wood G range i nC oombe

= Swyns t ie g rove

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 14

2a c re s

t h eF ry th

1 538 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 117

= the F r i / the

1 538 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 16 /36

n ea rt h eg r ange p oo l i n Wood G range

=F r i / the w ood

c . 1550 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /box 14

? = the m ode rn H igh Wood

=F r i thwood

1 620 , B od le ian L ib ra ry , C raven 7 1

C or ley g rauam

1 260 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2 17

o fH enry J a umbe

= J aumbe W ode

1 323 , B .R .L . , 3 48 ,005

b yJ aumbef e ld ,t y nf e ld e ,d awe fe ld e

1 394 f o r 1 391 , C a l endar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 392 l

? =f ie ld sc a led J ane Wood i nt h et ihe a wa rd , l

9 6 , p .2 09

W .C .R .O . , CR569 /75

=Geambewod e =Geambe W ood

1 429 , C .R .O . , BA /D /D /49 /5

b yd awef e ld e

g rave i nT hache le

c . 126 1 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /223

b e long ing t ot h ep r io ry

= unam g rouam v oca tam l e

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 1l v

b e long ing t oC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r iory

T hache l ey u nam g rauam q ue v oca tur

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B od le ian L ib ra ry , Q ueen ' s

W a l ehaw ing e l

C o lege 2 337 l

g raua J ohann i sd ef i lung e le i n

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B od le ian L ib ra ry , Q ueen 's

c orn l eya

C o lege 2 337 l

g rauam R adu lf i W odeco to r

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B od le ian L ib ra ry , Q ueen 's

W odecoc

C o lege 2 337 l

? = le W od cokk sg roue

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . Il v

i ns ou th -ea s tc o rne ro fC o r ley ,n ea r Muzza rd s

= g ravam. oca tam w oodcoxe . v

1 56 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C708

g rove

m ed ie ta tem u n ius g raue v oca te

1 338 , C .R .O . , BA /D /D /49 /3

? by W he tef i e ld a nd W a temor t

1 394 f o r 1 39 1 , C a l endar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 392 l

a d ja cen tt o af i e ld c a led P he l ips tok l k ynge

P apur ismor g rove

9 6 , p .2 09 g rove

,

9 6 ,p .2 09 g rouam v oca tam l eF a lkewod

a d ja cen tt o am eadow c a led H or s ley l

1 394 f o r 1 39 1 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 392 l 1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 1l v

p a r to ft h ew ood i nC o r ley ,t h er e s t i n F i long ley p a r ish -s et ihe m ap l e

p arua g roua

4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 1l v 1

b yt wo f i e ld sc a led l em onk e sf e ld l

Ma i s terwod e

1 394 f o r 1 39 1 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 392 l

w i th af i e ld c a led Ma i s te r lond e l

9 6 , p .2 09 = s i lvam v oca tam l em ay s ter swod

4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . lv 1

u n ius g rave i nC or ley i u x ta

1 4 18 -9 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 / 153

S y ser s lone s et ihe m ap e

? = the S yce r sg rove

1 688 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 137 1

g rove c a led T omkyns l

1 537 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /237

g rove c a led J er ve s l

1 537 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /237

g rova s i v ec l auso v oca to

1 56 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C708

B lock sy che Q uar lw ood e re l

1 607 , S t af . R .O . , D 1287 /6 /20 fs

2 13

af i e ld -name

C ough ton b o sco s uo

1 238 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l l s ,V o l . XV I ,n o .149C

o fS imon d eC ough ton

? = in b osco m eo d ec oc tun

n . d . ,c . 124 1 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / 15

o fS imon l o rd o fC ough ton

? =bo scum m eum

n . d . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 / J2 /32

i n Wyke ,o fR obe r ts on o fS imon B ru ly o f C ough ton

? ' le W yk ewod e

1 430 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /

i nt h ep a rk o ft h el o rd

b ox35 /K = l e W yk ewod e

1 500 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2 192

? =a c op ice c a l led n e i ther w eek e

1 599 1600 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box

3 0a c re s? =wood i nC ough ton P a rk : m ap

c op ice

6 1 /f o lde r4 / 16

c . 1695 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /7

n emore m eo d ec oc tun

n . d . ,c . 124 1 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / 15

o fS imon l o rd o fC ough ton

b osco m eo d ec oc tune

n . d . ,c . 124 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /62

o fA lexande rl o rd o fK inwa r ton

n emor em eo d ec oc tune

n . d . , c . 124 1 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /62

o fA lexande rl o rd o fK inwa r ton

B rad eg raua

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 3 4 /B6

n o tc a l led aw ood

C oundon I nB o sco d eC undu lme

1 246 -7 ,P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t4 1r

? =quendam b o scum f or insecum

1 279 , HR ,p .1 26

? =Coundu lmewod e

a n te 1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f . 187 r

? =va s tum d eC oundu lne q uondam

4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .4 r 1

o fC oven t ry C a thed ra lP r io ry ,b yH erne i swa s t

? = in b o sco d eC oundon

1 533 ,P .R .O . , L R2 / 18 1

l a nd t h e r e

u na g raua c um q uodam p ar r oco

1 347 ,C .R .O . , BA /B /A /44 / 12

o fA dam B oydon

G ravam . . . .voca tam F ou le smore

1 407 ,C .R .O . , BA /B /A /48 /9

b yl e Reyna ld e sf e ld a nd h obbecrof ta nd

= unam g rauam v oca tam l e

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .3 v

l ewyn thyng -s e ep l o tn o . 1 06 i ne nc lo su r e

g raua /g roua

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .S r

b yG ef reyf e ld ,B oydon lane ,N o rmansg rene ,

g raua

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .4 v

a nd B radnokkwas t ,n ea rH o l if a s ti nA l le s ley

n emu sd eC oundu lne

b o sc ii nC oundu lme

a wa rd ,W .C .R .O . ,Q S75 /36

F ow l e smore

h e ld b yJ ohn H oo re h e ld b yW i l l iam S t aun ton ,n ea rJ u lyansf e ld e , P ouk e lane ,B rounshu l la nd N o r thf e ld e 1 574 ,W .C .R .O . , CR299 /89 /5

o nt h es ou the rn b ounda ry o fB roune sh i l l

h arper sg rove

1 593 ,C .R .O . , BA /D /A /20 / 1

n ea rC oundon G reen t ot h en o r th

= harper sg rove

c . 1600 , S .B .T . , DR9 1/2

n ea rC oundon G r een

=T ar l e tons o rH arpe r sG rove

1 649 ,W .C .R .O . , CR299 /89 /8

n ea rC oundon B rook

G rav eq ue v oca tur B rademore

n . d . ,B od le ian L ib ra ry , MS .T op . Wa rk s ,C 8

? =Bradmoore C opp ice

1 668 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1097 /87

S t ronge sG rove

1 574 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /89 /5

? =Cop ic ia s i ve G rova

C oven try ( s ee a l so A le s ley ,C oundon ,C a ludon , E xha l ,F o le sh i l ,K ere s ley ,S owe ,S t iv icha l ,W i lenha l ) l l l l l l i nb o sco m eo

1 204 -8 , C os ar ly R ecord s ,p .2 3 s, E

? =d eb osco C ov en t re

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , LC ,n o .4 39

? = i nf or inseco b o sco d eC ov in tr '

1 243 , C a l endar o fC lose R o l sH enr yI I , 1 243 l 7 , p. 4 6

? =Bo scum d eC ouen t re ? = in B o sco d eC ouen t re

1 244 ,P .R .O . ,C P2 5 / 1/243 /20 1 260 ,P .R .O . , KB 2 6 / 164 ,r o t2 5d ; 1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t 1 3d

H ase lwode

1 297 ,C .R .O . , BA /D /H /26 /2

=H a se lwod e

1 3 15 ,C .R .O . , BA /B /Q /20 /7

=H a s i lwood

c . 1392 ,S LB ,p .1 0 1

= bo scum i n tr incecum d eH as i lwod

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .5 2v -53 r

b o scum for insecum d eB erne t

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .5 2v

B o scum d eS panna

1 208 ,P .R .O . ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /8

p r e sumab ly i nS pon

? =bo scum l i u lf es pone

c . 1200 14 ,C .R .O . , BA /H /H /55 / 1

s e pa ra ted b y amoo rf r om A s shawe ( f o r A s shawe s e eu nde rA l le s ley )

2 14

grauam

.. inclusam ?=una graua

1279,HR, p. 123 1439,W.C.R.O.,DR564/I(a)/437

?=placea bosci vocata littel horewell haste/ Groue =le Asthu/1 Grove =Gravam de Hastlehull =Graua de Asthull =Asthull Grove in bosco qui dicitur middelwode ?=campo qui dicitur middelwode ? = pastura vocata middelwode alnetum Grauam que vocatur Shortele =grouam dicti Shortley boscum de Pynneley

1373,W.C.R.O.,DR564/I(a)/429

=wood

=boscum =boscum de Pynleye le Growe (sic) Johannis de Langel' =le Groue Johannis de Longe/eye =Grovetu una grava que vocatur Luttelgraue .. boscum qui vocatur Lutte/graue =una groua que vocatur Lutelgroue iuxta Shirebourne inter Bussheleymulne et le Neuwemulne ?=parua groua ?=Grouam iuxta Busheleymulne que vocatur Langeleygroue = Langley/Longgeley grove ?=Sent Anne grove =graue Gilde Sancte Trinitatis de Couentre vocate langeleygrove

1351,W.C.R.O.,DR564/I(a)/418 1354,W.C.R.O.,DR564/I(a)/419 1388,C.R.O.,468/350 1488,C.R.O.,468/361 1462,P.R.O.,DL 29/463/7551 n.d.,13th C.,W.C.R.O.,DR564/I(a)/403 n.d.,13th C.,W.C.R.O.,DR564/I(a)/405 1439,W.C.R.O.,DR564/l(a)/437 1210-43,LC,no. 237 1262,P.R.O.,CP 25/1/244/26 1350, LC, no. 257 n.d. and 1237,LC,nos. 439,379 1251,Calendar ofPatent Rolls, 1247-58, p. 100 1279-80,HR,p. 148 1347,C.R.O.,BA/B/P/431/5 and 1357,C.R.O., BA/B/P/431/6 1315,C.R.O.,BA/H/H/375/1 1317,C.R.O.,BA/H/H/375/2 1343,C.R.O.,BA/B/P/431/4 1347,C.R.O.,BA/B/P/439/7

.. vocatam Closegroue quam laici vocant Fukkersgroue groua vocata le priestmore grouam in Whitmore que vocatur le Bradmore una grova vocata Synklers grove grauam vocatam le connyng' ?=graua una Groua in Harenhale ?=harnale Groue

?=Luttelgraue - see below

1393,C.R.O.,BA/B/P/14/5 1423, C.R.O., BA/A/A/3/1

next to the chapel of St. Anne pasture by Charterhouse in 1733,C.R.O., BAID/A/47/1 separated by Parkefeld and Wriggesden from

1487,C.R.O.,BA/B/A/86/1

Baronsfeld

1280,LC,no. 527 1386,S.B.T.,DRl 0/687

grouam

by Stifford Mill licence to impark granted to Geoffrey de Langley held by Walter de Langley by Stiffordmulne

near the garden of the Carrnelites

? =Plategrevam ?=unam parcellam terre vocatam Plattegreve ?=groua

grove

wood sold by the duchy of Lancaster for the likely site of this wood,see Chapter Three by Horwell (see above) by the mill of Bisseley

1357, C.R.O., BA/B/P/441/1 1368,C.R.O.,BA/B/P/440/5

1241,LC,no. 305 c.1235-43 and mid-13th C.,LC, nos. 350,418

wood of Joel Berenger

for the likely site of this wood,see Chapter Three

1351,C.R.O.,BA/B/P/137/13

alder grove

?=Plategroue

in Horwell at le Horewelle, between common pasture called hethsale and pasture called middelwode by Hearsall

by the bridge of Alreneford and the mill of Whitley leased with the mill at Alreneford in the fields of Pinley

1476,S.B.T.,DRl 0/489 1243-53,Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, Vol. I,no. 478 1243-53, Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, Vol. I,no. 478 1411,P.R.O.,E 164/21,ff. 2r,42v

by Alderford Mill in Whitley

1411,P.R.O.,E 164/21,f. 3r 1411,P.R.O.,E 164/21,f. 3r

in Whitmore park

1539-40,P.R.O.,LR 2/181 1411,P.R.O.,E 164/21,f. 62v 1355,Bodleian Library,MS. Top. Warks. C8, p. 48 1348,C.R.O.,BA/H/H/293/9 1453,C.R.O.,468/360

in Whitmore in Priorshamale in the priory's manor,by Gosfordfeld

215

in Whitley in Radford,by Barkersfelde

o tam t e ram m eam. ue v oca tur t r . q

t .J ohn , B .L . ,C o ton V i te l iu s Ai , f .4 9 t l

l e H arper swod e. .& v i rgu l to ? =harpere swod e

1 327 , C .R .O . ,4 68 /316

? =unum B o scum v oca tum

1 378 , C .R .O . ,4 68 / 139

H arpe re sg roue =H arpere sg rov e

1 379 , C .R .O . ,4 68 /87

? =una G raua i nB yggyng i u x ta

1 400 , C .R .O . ,4 68 /53

a dl eN e the rp lace i nS toke

S t ok eq ue v oca tur h arper sg rove c orbynsg roue

1 379 , C .R .O . ,4 68 /87

a dl eN e therp lace i nS toke

S hukk eburghg roue

1 379 , C .R .O . ,4 68 /87

a dl eN e the rp lace i nS toke

B iggeng G rov e

1 456 , C .R .O . ,4 68 /2 15

= Byggyng G rov e

1 460 , C .R .O . ,4 68 / 15

C ubb ing ton G rauam

1 220 -2 , PR O . , E 210 /318

t h er e la t ion sh ip t ot h eF oo tG rove a nd t h e

? =g ravam i n c lusam

1 279 , HR ,p .1 54

H o r se G rove o f1 768 (W .C .R .O . ,

? = l eG rove d eC obyn ton

1 377 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/698

CR 12 18 / 19 / 1) , t h eT own g rove o f1 651 ( B .R .L . , 8 6 ,005 ) a nd E ver ton ' sg rove o f1 750 ( B .R .L . , 1 93 , 175 ) i s unknown

b i l ing e sg roue l

1 273 , P .R .O . , E 210 /4582 ; n . d . , PR O . , E 2 10 /9 112 , E 315 /31/34 , E 315 /48 /7 1

? =B i l insg rov e l

1 651 , B .R .L . , 8 6 ,005

C urdwor th i am p ar tem n emor i ss u iq ue e s t l

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , J .N icho ls , T he H i s to ry a nd

g i ven t ot h ec anons o fS t . Ma ry d eP r e ,

i n ter fi lum a que d eE broc &f i lum

A n t iqu i t ie so f th e C oun ty o fL e ice s te r , V o l . I ,

L e ice s te r , a sp a r to ft h e i r mano ro fB erwood

a que d e T ama. sque a dd i v i sas . u

P a r tI I( 18 13 ) , A ppend ix XV I ,p .7 9 I

d eE rd in ton = Ber ewod S c i l ice td et o ta i lo

1 224 , PR O . ,C P2 5 / 1/243 / 13

d eed d ea l tw i th 2 4a c re so fw ood

b o sco q u ie s ti n te rE broc & B rede s tre tu sque a dG osef or th ? =ccc a c re b o sc i

n . d . ,N icho l s ,H i s tory o fL e ice s ter ,V o l . I ,P a r t

? = in b osco d eB erwod e

,A ppend ix XVI .7 9 I I, p

b o sc i ss u i sd eC ruddewor th [ e t

1 288 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .1 02

o fT homa sd eA rde rn ( Pedd imo ri nS u ton t

b os eo i nh u le smor sco m l

n . d . , S t af . R .O . ,D 1287 /6 / 18 /5 fs

o fT homa sd eA rde rn

p lace d es onn b oy se n l em ano ir d e

? 1313 ,B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .1 03

o fR a lph d eG o rge s

C o ldf ie ld )

P ed imor ]

D on ton. ome C lap schawe . n u na g rova v oca ta D ernshawe

1 5 14 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/260

i nD un ton

b o scum v oca tum A rdernewode

c .1 300 , B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 10 1

i nM inwo r th

1 3 14 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 969 ,r o t2 d

c o mmon p a s tu r et h e re

D as eB ur ton D as s et t -s e s et t D orr idge -s e Know le e D unchurch E dgba s ton E d s tone -s e Woot e ton Wawen E lmdon q uad rag in ta a c r i sb osc i &p as ture

2 16

E rd ing ton b o scum f or insecum

1 282 , P .R .O . , C1 33 /32

? =bosco d om in iH enr ic id e

1 309 , S t af . R .O . , D 1287 /6 /20 /2 1 fs

a d ja cen tt ol a nd c a led C lerk e shey b y l

E rd ing ton. db o scum. i l i . a . W l

L ang e leyemor ; f o rt h ew ood o ft h ea bbo ta nd

c l e r ic i . i n ter b oscum A bba t i s& .

c onven to fL e ice s te rs eB erwood u nde r e C u rdwo r th

C onven tus L eyce s tr i ? =cen tum a cr eb osc i

1 433 , P .R .O . , C1 39 /63

? =Ber ewod e

1 442 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,860

. l = lo rd ' sw ood . c a l ed b e rewodd e

1 54 1 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,879

o fT homa s E rdyn ton

= Berwood

1 760 , B .R .L . , 2 92 ,886

b o scum

1 246 -7 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 952 , r o t 1 4d

l o fW i l iam Maunse l ,w ho h e ld t h a tp a r to f E rd ing ton w h ich b ecame P ype m ano r( VCH , I V o l . V I ,p .6 4 )

? =boscum d om in id eB erewode

1 4 13 , 1 4 17 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 29 / 1

? =pypewod e

1 442 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,860

n ex tt ol eF oxho len i nB e rewod e

. i ? =Boscum. nP yp

1 259 , P .R .O . , KB 2 6 / 162 , r o t3 2 r

o fH enry d eP y r ie

fe u na g rova v oca ta d werf sho le

1 462 -3 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,9 13

l l ? by l a nd c a led d wa rf ho le m eadow a nd h i l s i n

feho = una g rava v oca ta d werf le s

1 543 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,879

l b y ab l ade m i l

o ft h ee a r l o f Wa rw ick ,w ho h ad a cqu i r ed t h e P ype m ano r( i b id . )

1 655 , B .R .L . , 3 49 ,825 g rov e O l if as t

1 525 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,876

h o lyf as t

1 54 1 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,879

l ? =H o lyf as t

1 802 , B .R .L . , 1 382 / 1 , 3

t e E t ing ton -s ea l so T horn ton g rauam

n . d . , ( 1246 -59 ) , W .C .R .O . , CR229 /box 1 8 /3 / 1-

t i nt h em ano ro fL owe rE t ing ton

2 ? =sa g raue

1 278 ,R o tu l iP ar l iamen tor um , V o l . I ,p .2

w ood c u td own a nd s o ld

? =E t ing ton g rove

1 550 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR229 /box 1 8/ 3 /36

w ood g row ing t h e re

= Ea t ing ton G rove

1 795 , W .C .R .O . , CR229 / 117 /9

t i nL owe rE t ing ton

. c l ag rove o fA she T ee s. a led

1 653 , W .C .R .O . , D 19 /4 18

t i nU ppe rE t ing ton

l N o land e sg rove l E xha l( by A lce s ter ) l E xha l( by C oven try ) i nb o sco d eE cc le sha l

1 246 -7 , P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t4 0d

= in b osco d eE cc le sha le

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 , r o t5 7d

b o scu sd eS yd enha le /

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .1 8 r

l s ha red w i th F o le sh i l

S ydenha l ewode l = S ydna lw ood e

c . 1600 , S .B .T . , DR9 1/2

P r e s teswod end

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 18 r

? ar e f e rence t oS owe w ood

g rove

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , P .R .O . , E3 26 / 1225

t og ot oB edwo r th c hu r ch o nt h ed ea th o f

? =g raua

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , P .R .O . , E 326 /5806

l le o fP h i l ip d eT urv il , p a r son

? =Par sonag e G rove

c . 1600 , S .B .T . , DR9 1/2

p robab le l o ca t ion , W .C .R .O , CR 1175

g rauam

1 446 , W .C .R .O . , DR564 / I (a ) /476

o fJ ohn R uydyng

u nam p aruam g rouam i nH ughern

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 15 r

l h e ld b yW i l iam d e Wyme swo ld ,n ea r

g rauam s uam

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 189v

l h e ld b yW i l iam c hap la in o fC o r ley

. v b o scu s. oca tus l ec a lverhey /

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 1 2 r , 1 2v

b yt h em ano ro fN ew land ,b e long ing t o

R ober td eC raf t

e W e lc rof te -s et i the m ap

C oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry

. v g rouam. oca tam l eC a lverhey / b o scum d eC a lverhey l eC or leyg roue

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 12 r

b e long ing t oC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r iory , i nt h e m ano ro fN ew land b e tween l eC onnyngg a nd l e p ark

b o scum v oca tum l eC onnyngg

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .1 2 r

i nt h em ano ro fN ew land

b o scu s i n c lusus v oca tus l ez onghok

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .1 2 r

i nt h em ano ro fN ew land

2 17

R ob ins tg rove

1 528 ,P .R .O . , E3 03 / 17 /2 16

l e a sed b yC ha r te rhou se

t ? =Groue te . voca te R obyns

1 538 -9 ,P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen .V I I I /3738

i nC ha r te rhou se l a nd s

G rove = Rob ins g rov e

1 546 -7 ,P .R .O . , E3 18 /22 / 1190

R ober t sg rove

1 544 , P .R .O . , E3 18 /6 /20 1

o fC oven t ry C a thed ra lP r io ry

b oscus i n c lusus

1 3 13 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /31/ 1

h e ld b yt h e Mann ion f am i ly

B i rche leyheye

1 36 1 ,C .R .O . , BA /D /D /50 /2

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h em ode rn

= b irche lehay

l 1 435 -6 , B od le ian L ib ra ry ,T r in i ty C o lege 8 4 ,

B i rch ley H ay s Wood

= aw oodd ec au l ed B irch leyhey

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

F arnborough F enny C omp ton F i l long ley

f . 14 = B irch ley h ey

1 533 -4 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1409 , f .2 90

l e Fa lkewod

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f . 1l v

= Fa lkewood e

1 474 ,C .R .O . , BA /D ID /50 /3

= Fauk ew oodd

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

= f a lk ewood

1 533 -4 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1409 , f .2 90

s i lua d eH awerdyn

n . d . , 1 5 th C . ,B od le ian L ib ra ry ,T r in i ty C o l lege

b yC o r ley ,s e eF o rk Wood F i e ld i n Wood E nd

8 4 , f .5 7 ? =H ard en W ood

1 698 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /3 /20 / 17

=Hard ing W ood

1 767 ,W .C .R .O . ,Z 149 (L )

q uadam p lac ia b o sc i. .i ng raua. .

1 3 17 ,N o r than t s . R .O . ,T h . 1 495

i nO ld F i l long ley

v oca ta l e Ho loweg reuen l ? =one g rove c a led h o / lye g r eve s

I nO ld F i l long ley ,b e tween t h er o ad f r om

1 577 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/274

Maxs toke t oF i l long ley c hu r ch a nd w yd e fe i ld e , a nd d e sc r ibed a s ap i ece o fg ound b y 1 637 ( S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/304 ) s l ad 'g rove

l 1 408 -9 , B od le ian L ib ra ry ,T r in i ty C o lege 8 4 ,

? =s laden g roue

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

= S lad en g rove

1 598 , W .C .R .O . , CR2981 ( unca ta logued )

l l g rove o fW i l iam S ne le

1 485 ,S .B .T . , DR 18 / 10 /46 /3 / 1

a l bone sg rove

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

f .i i

b y W a lky s

? =A lmond sg rov e

1 663 ,W .C .R .O . , CR562 /3

t l C o tere l sg rove

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

p e r tre g rove

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

t h eh er s ti nm arbrook s

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

l aw rance c ook e sw oodde

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

t h e W a te r W oodd e

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

t s he thawnce

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

C ar ter s W oodd e

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

'b yw rechbou l l sl a nd s

h e se l lh ur s t

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

i nw rechbou l sl a nde l

h ye a sche g roue

n . d . , 1 5 th / 16 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /3370

C hurchf ord G rove

1 598 ,W .C .R .O . , CR298 1 ( unca ta logued )

F o le sh i l l b o sco C om i t i sd e fo lke shu l l

1 231-2 ,P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 951A ,r o t3 r

= Boscum C om i t i s

c . 1240 -50 ,C .R .O . , BA /B /Q /20 /2

= bosco d om in iC om i t i s

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,B od le ian ,Q ueen 's C o lege ,2 339 l

= bosco q u iv oca tur E r le swode

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,B od le ian ,Q ueen ' sC o lege , 2 348 l

? =vas to m eo q uod v oca tur

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,M . MSS . ,M i . D4 007

E r leswod e =H er leswod e

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .2 02 r

2 18

? became t h el a te rP ea rT ree Wood

? = schu tehaunch i n Me r iden

_

b oscum d om in i W i l ie Im id el a l

1 327 , M . MSS . , M i D4 0 11

S ouche ? =boscum. oca tum l e H ay . v

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 2 r

b oscum q uod S t ephanus m odur sone

1 327 , M . MSS . , M i D4 0 11

o fL o rd l el aS ouche , b yB oy swa s ta nd l eH oo

t e nu i t 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 02 r 1

n ex tt oH er le swod e

d ame a g ne sg roue

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /21 , f .1 9 r

s e A gne sG rove o nt ihe m ap -W .C .R .O . , e

= damagne sg rove

1 478 -9 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,237

CR569 / 105

=Dame A g ny sg rove

1 538 -9 , PR O . , S C6 /Hen .V I /3737 I I

u nam g rouam

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .1 9 r

h e ld b yH enry Wo lf , b yD ame Agne sg r ove ,

g roua/g raua

4 11 , PR O , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 1 9v ,4 4 r 1

i nl eB eche s ,n ex tt oH as i lwod , o ppo s i te

? =Beech w a s te c opp ice

1 544 , PR O , E3 18 /22 / 1175

b osco d i c t id om in il em oubray q u i v oca tur R andu lne smore

Wh i tmo r ep a rk Wh i tmo re p a rk , a nd b yt h eB echewas t S t . C lee r e sg rove

1 639 , 1 660 , a nd 1 688 , C .R .O . , BA /D /A /22 / 1 ,

b e long ing t oS i rT homa s Wh i te 's C ha r i ty -s e e

2 ,3

C la re 's G rove o nt ihe m ap -W .C .R .O . ,

=C lare g rov e

1 7 14 , C .R .O . , BA /D /A /22 /4

CR569 / 105

l eG roue

1 405 ,C .R .O . , BA /G /F /33 /2

b y W a lef or long , G o ldyf e ld a nd G rendonf e ld i n l F o le sh i l l

F rank ton -s eT hur la s ton e F rea s ley -s e P o le swor th e F u lbrook G raf ton g rauam q ue v oca tur K inge sg raue

1 247 , PR O . , C P 2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

? s ee f i e ld -name s i nG rove i nt h e e nc lo su r e

? = the G rov e

1 740 , B .R .L . , 2 47 , 148 -9

a wa rd , W .C .R .O . , Q S75 /47

G randborough G rendon i nb o sco d eG r endon

1 22 1 ,R o l so ft h eJ u s t ice si nE y r e ,p .3 73 ; l

= in b osco m eo d e G rendona

n . d . , ? 13 th C . ,M . MSS . ,M i D4 022

c ommun iam d eG rendon v oca tam

1 564 , B .R .L . , 1 93 , 151

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 , r o t5 1d b e tween Wa t l ing S t ree ta nd aw a te r -cou r se d e scend ing t h rough H a se lhur s t G rendon o u tewoddy s ? = G rendon C ommon

1 722 , S t af . R .O . ,D 1176 /A /39 / 11 fs

g round eo rs p r ing ew ood sc a led l

1 567 , W i l iam S a l tL ib ra ry , H .M . C he twynd l

G rendon l e y

b und le 9 5

l eW yndmu lneg raue

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , W i l iam S a l t L ib ra ry , H .M . l C he twynd , b und le 3

H a l f ord H amp ton in -Arden ( s ee a l so B a lsa l , B adde s ley C l in ton ,N u thur s t ) l s i luu lam d eb i rch /e ia e th e spe lea

-79 , B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 1/2 , 154

? i nt h ev i c in i ty o fB i rch leye sC opp ice a nd

4

A sp ley sC opp ice ; h e ld b yR ober tt h e

-79 ,B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . ,A 1/2 , 154

h e ld b yR obe r tt h eA r chdea con

A rchdea con s i luu lam d el al e a

A 4 ,A 10 ? = L eawood

1 588 -9 , P .R .O . , S C 1 2 /26 /67

p a s tu re b y 1 59 1 , PR O . , E1 78 /2347

b o scum

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , B .L . ,C o t . C h . x i3 5 t

p a r to ft h el a nd so fR obe r tt h eA rchdea con

a l ne to

1205 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 2 1 ,4 16 184

t owa rd st h eb r idge o fB rad ef ord

? =A lne to

1 299 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2 170

n ea rt or i ve rB ly the a nd P a ck ing ton

2 19

i lud b oscum v oca tum P ark er smor

1 376 , PR O . , S c2 / 207 /31

? =copp ice c a l l ed P arkar s Mor e

1 59 1 , PR O . , E1 78 /2347

3 7a c re si n1 591 ( ?wood a c re s )

? =Parker s Moore C opp ice

1 649 , B .R .L . , 5 11 ,984

4 3 a c r e si n1 649

1 566 , W .C .R .O . , CR650 ; 1 569 , W .C .R .O . ,

l a d jo in ing ac l ose c a led Kynwey sey , b e tween a

CR669

l c ommon l a ne t ot h ew e s ta nd K ino ld sey H a lt o

K ynwey sey /K yne sey g rove

t h ee a s t A bba t sL awgh ton w ood eo rg rove

1 566 , W .C .R .O . , CR650 ; 1 569 , W .C .R .O . ,

i nK inwa lsey ,b y ac ommon l a ne o n t h en or th ,

CR669

a no the ro n t h e e a s t

H amp ton o n t he H i l l -s e e B udbrooke H amp ton L ucy d eb o sco , s ub b o sco

c . 1170 ,R BW ,p .2 77

a r guab ly p a r t ly p r e served i nt h ep r e sen t

? = b oscus i n c lusu sq u iv oca tur l e

1 353 , PR O . , E1 52 /91

H amp ton Wood

P ark =H amp ton W od e

1 453 , Wo r c s . R .O . , 0 0 1 :9 , BA 2 636 1 64 9 2 178a

I ngon g rove s

1 552 -3 , S .B .T . , ER3 /26 1

H arborough Magna H arbury l H ar t sh i l b oscum q u i v oca tur S u thhaye

1 276 , PR O . , C1 33 / 14 /2

l e nc lo sed , ? pa r to ft h ep r e sen tH a r t sh i l H aye s

= le S ow thay

l 1 376 , B .L . , H a r l . R o l Y1 3

l w i low sc u tt h e re

b o scum q u i v oca tur l e H okeha ie

1 276 , P .R .O . , C1 33 / 14 /2

l e nc lo sed , ? pa r to ft h ep r e sen tH a r t sh i lH aye s

b oscum q u iv oca tur l eN euhaye

1 276 , PR O . , C1 33 / 14 /2

c ommon p a s tu re i nt h ew ood , ? pa r to ft h e

W as to m eo i nB oso [ s ic ]d e

1 296 , B a r t le t t , Mandues sedum R omanorum , p .

H ard red i shu l l

1 37

L eh ay

l 1 376 , B .L . , H a r l . R o l Y1 3

t r ee sc u tt h e re

l ? =sy lve v oca te H ard re shu lH ay

t s edum R 1 403 , B a r t le t , Mandues omanorum ,p .

l l n ex tt ot h em ano ra nd v i l ( maner ium e tv i lam )

1 49

l o fH a r t sh i l

l 1 376 ,B .L . , H a r l . R o l Y1 3

t l i t le o ak sa nd a she sc u tt h e re

B o scum d eL ec l os

1 312 ,B .R .L . , K een 7 2

w i th C ok eye srud ing a l ia sS lo ley a d ja cen ti n

? =bo scum q uod v oca tur Hase ley

1 351 , B .R .L . , 3 04 ,288

l p r e sen tH a r t sh i l H aye s

i nq uadam G roua

c ommon l a nd

H a se ley

1 431 ( B .R .L . , K een 7 2 ) ,n ex tt ol a nd o fS l o ley i n1 351

c / o s ? = b oscu sc l ausu s

1 3 16 , P .R .0 , C1 34 /49

? =H ase ley C lo se C opp ice

? c .1534 , BD

=H a se ley C lo se C opp ice

1 627 a nd 1 648 , BD ,b ox 1 38 a nd 2 2 /45 /39

R us leg rove se

1 339 -40 , B .L . ,A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .6 9

c op ie sv oca t 'l u scom g roue

1 392 -3 , BD

1 00 a c re si n1 627 , s t i l w ood i n1 648 l w i th in t h ep a rk -s e L u scomb f i e ld -name si n e 1 84 1 ,t ihe m ap , W .C .R .O . , CR 569 / 125

G rova v oca ta l eC onynger

1 423 -4 , BD

= apud b ec onyng ' e

1 394 -5 , BD

c op ie c a led eL ynen D raper s l

a n te 1 588 , BD

w ood p roduced t h e re b o th y ea r s

= g rove c a led L yn D raper s l

1 593 , BD

H ome g rove

a n te 1 588 , BD

= horn g rove

1 593 , BD

i nH a se ley i n1 84 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 / 125

u nam g rovam

1 536 -7 , PR O . , E 315 /404

p a r to f Wroxa l p r iory 's l a nd s l

? =un ius g rove i nH ase ley n upe r . .

1 546 -7 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,255

s a id t ob ei nH a ton i n1 593 , b u ts e f i e ld -name t e

J ohann i sS hak e spe re

2 20

H a se lor w e s tg raf

n . d . ,p r e 1066 , S 64

? =W es tg rove

1 534 , PR O . , E 303 / 18 /502

le W e s te G rove

1 544 , PR O . , E3 18 /2 1/998

=H em ing s W ood o t herw i se W e s t

1 767 , W .C .R .O . , Q S75 /56

? -modern We s tg rove

G rov e u ndec im a cra sb osc im e id e

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , PR O . , E1 64 /22 , f .c xxv

W id ecombe & m idd leg roue &

f o rf u r the rd e ta i l s o ft wo o ft h e se a ss epa ra te w ood ss e eb e low

R owheya w od ea th ase lor ec a ld W i th icombe

1 448 , PR O . , E1 64 /22 , f .c xxxv i

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h e moder n

= uno b o sco . .W y thecombe

1 544 , PR O . , E 318 /2 1/998

W i thycombe Wood

= one s eve ra l !w ood . c a l led

1 544 -5 , PR O . , LR 2 / 18 1

W y thycombe G rove m idd e lg roue

1 447 -8 , PR O . , E1 64 /22 , f .c xxx i i

i nb o sco d e U p ton

l 1 22 1 ,R o l so ft h eJ us t ice si nE y re , p . 31

c ooper tum b o sc i

i id n . d . , PR O . , E1 64 /22 , f .c xxi

? =sexag in ta a cr i sb osc i . .i nU p ton

1 3 14 , PR O . , C P 2 5 / 1/245 /42

? =U p ton W ood

1 537 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 5 / GG7

R o lv e swod e

l 1 364 , C a l endar o fC lose R o l s , E dward I I ,

n ea rb ar l icheweye

6 0a c re s p a r to ft h ew ood o fU p ton

I V o l . X I ,p p . 7 1-2 ? =Ro le sw ood

1 626 , W .C .R .O . , D 19 /475

l ? =Ro l s W ood P iece

1 862 , W .C .R .O . , EAC /068 / 1

u ne g rav ei nd ef enso

1 3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /46 / 14

? = We s tg rove ( s ee a bove )

Ma i s ter swood e

1 465 -6 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,238

l b e long ing t ot h eK n igh t sH o sp i ta le r s ' m ano ro f

? =mas te r sw ood

1 626 , W .C .R .O . , D 19 /475

p a s tu re a d jo in ing O ve r s ley Wood

G ra f ton , b u ti nH a se lo r = Red H i l l W ood

1 79 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 114 / 114A

w ood o f th eH ermy tage

1 544 , V CH , V o l . I I ,p .1 09

aw ood e. .c a led C lynchame s l

1 537 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 5 / GG7

b yU p ton Wood a nd B u te le r sH i l t l

C op ie s S hrowd eh i l l

1 607 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 8 2 / 1-26

? =S hroud H i lC opp ice l

1 6 19 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 7 1 ( 1)

a d jo in ing O ve r s ley P a rk/Wood

C opp ice s pr inge W ood o r

1 6 19 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 7 1( 1)

p r e sumab ly t h em odem A lcock sA rbou r

W a l s ingham s C opp ice

1 6 19 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 7 1( 1)

i nU p ton , g ran ted t ot h e Wa l syngham si n1 537

? =ha lf a w ood ei nU p ton c a led l

1 537 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 5 / GG7

W oodg round . c a led . Awcock s . l . A rbor

R owe m ar she H at ea l so B eausa le , S hrew ley ton -s e c ommun ionem b o sch im e t

n . d . , 7 12 th C . , PR O . , E3 15 /47 / 129

w ood o fH ugh s on o fR icha rd

q uad rag in t ia c re b osc i

1 267 , PR O . , KB 2 6 / 176 , r o t s4 d , 2 7 r

c l a imed b yt h ew idow o fR oge rd e E yu i l l

? =un iu sb o sc i ; l eb oy sq e s ta ppe le l

1 342 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .6 8 -9 , 7 0

W egg enok D eyuy le =Dey v i lwod e ; D evy lewod ehend e ;

1 398 -9 ; 1 400 1 ; 1 425 -6 , W .C .R .O . ,

D eve lwod e

CR 1886 /475 ,4 8 1 ,4 87

s ub g raua p r ior i sd eS tode leye

n . d . ,7 13 th C . , BD

=G raua P r ior i sd eS tod leye

1 324 , BD

g raua

1 309 , PR O . , E4 0 /8284

i nt h ew e s te rn p a r to f Wedgnock P a rk

o fR icha rd d eB o ref o rd , n ea r W owe londe sa nd R edhu lf e ld

H ony ley h ur ne

1 394 -5 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /474

a d ja cen tt o Wedgnock P a rk

? =Copp ice W ood . c a led . . l .

1 627 , BD ,b ox 1 38

1 6a c re s , i nH a ton p a r ish t

H on i ley H yorne G rou icu lum

1 439 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2 183

? =unam g rovam v oca tam N e ther

1 504 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /2 190

b e tween t h er oad f r om Wa rw ick t oH a se ley , r eddy e lde a nd m aye lc oun te low

C oun te lowe ? =G ren is g rov e

1 516 , PR O . , E4 0 /3952

21 2

H en ley in -Arden c . 1275 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2 199

o fJ ohn G o laf re

m ed ie ta tem b o sc im e id eN u tehur s t

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .L . , C o t . C h . x xi 5 16 t i i 1

g ran ted t oR icha rd P eche b yH en ry d eB e ref o rd

? =peache so w tewood e

1 58 1 , PR O . , LR 2 / 185

g rauam H i l( s ee C hur ch L aw f ord ) l H i lmor ton l H odne l( i nc lud ing C hape lA sco te ) l H on i ley

b oscum H ugon i sf i l i W i l ie lm i i l

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,B .L . ,C o t . C h . x xi 5 16 t i i 1

b o scum i lum

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .L . , C on . C h . x xi 5 i i 1

W i lR ichard & D ow rye g rov e s l

1 588 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /3 /25 /9

= a c opp ice h ere tof ore p ar to ft h e

1 742 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1311/ 18 / 1

b y W ark ed ich a nd d i tch o fe a r l o f Wa rw ick

c opp ice c a l ed W i lR ichard s l l C opp ice a nd D owr y G rove H on ing ton Hunn ingham I d l ico te g raua

1 527 , P .R .O . , E3 03 / 17 /268

? =p re sen tI d l ico te G rove

1 446 -7 , PR O . , S C 1 /819

i nL a rk S t oke , G louce s te r sh i re ( La rk S toke w a s

I lm ing ton ib o sc i v oca t it h orng rove. sy l i . .ha l g rove

i nI lm ing ton p a r ish )

? 'le g rove

1 456 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1911/9

? =hase lg rove a nd

1 464 , W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/ 12

T hornedon G rove

1 472 , W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/ 13

i nS toke , a she s a nd w i low s i n1 472 l

I p s ley b o sco H enr ic iH ubaud

1 270 1 , PR O . , E 32 /229 ,m . 8

I t ch ing ton s ee B i shop 's I t ch ing ton a nd L ong I t ch ing ton K en i lwor th b oscum

c . 1124 , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .9

? =bo scum n os trum d eO dybe rn

c . 122 1-c .1250 ,F ormu lare ,p p . 3 77 -8

= bo sco q u i v oca tur O dybern

1 235 -58 , B .L . , A dd . MS . ,4 7 ,677 , f .c xxv i i

= bo scum d eO dybarn

1 478 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 / 15 / 1

= A w ood .Odybourn s pryng e . .

1 545 , PR O . , E3 18 /2 1/ 1143

2 0a c r e s ,w i th t imbe r

? --b oscum

1 279 , HR ,p .4 8

1 60 a c r e s

n emu sa dp arcum s uum e ta d

c . 1125 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 ,f . cc l ix -ccc lx

p r e sumab ly b ecame p a r to ft h ep a rk a nd c ha se

i n f ore s tandum [ i n a l i sb osc i sm e i sp re ter ]h a iam i = haya / ha ia / ha iam

-5 , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .2 124 1 236 , 1 238 , 1 24 1-2 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s l H enry I I , 1 234 -7 ,p .3 03 a nd C a lendar o f C lo se R o l s , H enr yI I , 1 237 -42 ,p p . 5 0 , 7 8 , l 1 05 , 3 02 , 3 73 , 3 85 ,4 43

i nB o sco d eK en i lewur th l

1 231-2 , PR O . ,J UST 1 / 951A ,r o t4 r

? = i nb o sco /i nf or inseco b o sco

l 1 235 -7 , C a lendar o fC lose R o l sH enr yI I ,

l r eg i sd eK en i l '

1 234 -7 ,p p . 9 6 ,2 92 , 5 02 , 5 07

l ? = i nb o sco d eK en i lewur th e x t ra

l 1 242 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l sH en r yI I , 1 237 -

h ayam

4 2 ,p .3 85

? = in B o sco d eK en i lw r th

1 246 -7 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t4 2d 22 2

e i d en t i ty o fw ood u ncer ta in -s eC hap te rT h ree

i nf or inceco b o sco

1 388 -9 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /463 /7539 ; 1 438 -9 , DL

d e sp i te n ume rous r e f e r ence st h e i d en t i ty o ft h i s

2 9 /463 /7540 ; 1 439 -40 , DL 2 9 /463 /754 1

w ood i s uncer ta in s ee C hap te rT h ree

i nb o sco q u iv oca tur L aF ryd

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t6 4 r

a l ia sK ing swood , d i v ided i n to c opp ice sb y

= le F ry th

1 279 , HR ,p .4 4

1 58 1 , P .R .O . , LR2 / 185

= le F ry th

1 322 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /516

n emus

n . d . , 7 12 th C . , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .9

g r an ted t oR obe r tF ranc iscu s , a soc ia ted w i th s B la ckwe l a nd Wr idef en l

n emor i si p sorum c anon icorum d e

c . 1200 ,B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .5 9

B lackwe l l ? =Boscum d eB lakwe l W odd e l

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st ot h em ode rn B la ckwe l Wood l

1 537 -8 , P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen .V I /3 736 I I

= B lackwe l W ood l

1 545 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 16 /743

a l ne tum

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , 1 8

R ynsekop ie s

1 383 ,J ohn o fG aun t ' sR eg i s ter , C amden 3 r d

i nB la ckwe l o r Wr idef en l

S er ie s , LV I , n o s . 8 80 , 85 I = Rynco l e sc op ie s

1 388 -90 ,P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /463 /7539

= Ruynsu lc opy s l

1 400 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /475

= cop ic iam i nR ynsh i l l

1 444 -5 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /463 /7545

= Bo scu sm odo. ogg sp arke . . h

1 59 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR576 / 1

s em ap o f1 692 (W .C .R .O . , CR 143A ) ,w hen e n o l o nge rw ood

R uns i lC op s l p as turam q ue v oca tur

n . d . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 ,f .x v

l e N ove lC oupy s

? name r e f e r st oW i l iam d eB or ton , P r io ro f l K en i lwo r th i n 3H enry I I

B ur tone swode 1 38 1 ,J ohn o fG aun t ' sR eg i s ter , C amden 3 r d S e r ie s LV I , n o . 6 09 ? =N ew copye s

1 470 1 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /463 /7558

w i th in t h ec a s t le p a rk

l eC op ie sd eA sho s

1 440 1 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /463 /7542

? =Ashoe c opp ice

1 58 1 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 185

p a r to fK ing swood o rt h eF r i th

ig ravam i n c lausam

1 279 , HR ,p .4 9

h e ld o ft h e P r iory b y at e nan t

d uobus g rau i ss i ue v i rgu l t i si nv i la l

1 362 , P .R .O . , C5 4 /200 , m2 3d

a soc ia ted w i th t h em ano ro fM i lburn i n s S t one le igh

d eK ene lwor th q ue v ocan tur m ag num Maney & p aruum Maney P ykyngg e sg roue

n . d . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .c xxxv i

c um g rava q ue v oca tur P ar r ok

n . d . , B .L . ,A dd . MS . ,4 7 ,677 , f .x v

b yH omedewe , u nde rt h e A bbey i n Wr idef en

k yng e sg raue

1 438 -9 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /463 /7540

ac r of t

a l s tor sg rove

1 589 -90 , P .R .O . , S C 1 2 /27 /36

? =A l es ter sG rove a l s . P re i s t s l

1 649 , P .R .O . , E 317 / 15

G rov e T hor n ton W ood

1 581 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 185

=T ho rn ton W ood

1 59 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR576 / 1

=H enr yE av e sC opp ice

1 694 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 42 1(Sm )

2 70 a c r e s ,w i th in t h eC ha se

K ere s ley g rauam

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f . 1 ,4 4

? =a l ter iu s G roue t ii b idem v oca t i t

1 54 1-2 , P .R .O . , E3 18 / 1/ 18

g i ven b yE l ia sB un st oC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry ,h e ld b yB ene t

B enne t sl e z t e g roua v oca ta l eH ard e shu l l

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , 18 v

b y W i lk ef e lde

p aruam g rouam

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .7 r

p a r to fl eW e synd en thyng

g roua

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , 1l O r

i nl eB e rnec rof t

u n ius G roue t i. oca t it h eve s take t . v

1 54 1-2 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 1/ 18

t wo a nd ah a lf a c r e s

C ok e sho te g roue

1 54 1-2 , P .R .O . , E3 18 / 1/ 18

u n iu sG roue t iv oca t i t

1 54 1-2 , P .R .O . , E3 18 / 1/ 18

1a c r e , 3r ood s

h a lye rd c opy

1 520 -6 , Q ueen ' sC o lege , 4F 1 2a l

8a c re s

? =a l i t l eg rove c a led H a l Y ard t l l

1 700 , Q ueen ' sC o lege , 4F7 2 l

? =H a l Y ard W ood l

1 846 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /84

p ykhorn

1 520 -6 , Q ueen 's C o lege , 4F 12a l

5a c re s

= P ik thorn

1 700 ,Q ueen ' sC o lege , 4F7 2 l

al i t le g rove t

? =P ik eH orn W ood

1 846 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /84

g r e tb on son ; l y ty lb onson c opy l

l 1 520 -6 ,Q ueen 's C o lege , 4F 1 2a

3 0a c re sa nd 6a c re sr e spec t ive ly

? =Bunson W ood

l 1 587 , Q ueen ' s C o lege , 4F8

b e tween n ew d ike a nd f i vef e i ld

S t r ipeg rouewood

2 23

m a sons c opy

1 520 -6 , Q ueen 's C o lege , 4F 1 2a l

l o ng a cre

l 1 520 -6 , Q ueen 's C o lege , 4F 1 2a

3a c re s 1 2a c re s

l h oundhy lc opye s

l 1 520 -6 ,Q ueen ' sC o lege , 4F 1 2a

4a c re s

S ymons G rove

1 681 , C .R .O . ,4 68 /229 ; W .C .R .O . , D 19 /493

4a c re s2 0p e rche s ,b y aw ood c a led l G o ldf a rme , L ongf e i ld a nd T om f e i ld

S i s ley g rove a l ias P ou l tney sg rove

1 667 , B .R .L . ,2 94 ,034

c l o se o rp a s tu re g round b yS i s ley f i e ld sa nd Y e i ld Wood

K ine ton K ing 's N ew ton -s eS eck ing ton e K ing sbury i nb osco m eo

c . 1180 ,c . 1200 , M . MSS . , M i D4 059 ,4 515

o fJ ohn d eB ra ceb ruge , ? i n K ing sbury o r

b oscum d eK insebur '

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S t af . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/ 10 / 10 fs

b yb o scum d eF re s( F rea s ley )

i nb osco d eH orn le

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 , r o t5 2 r

H u r ley

? = in q uodam B o sco

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 , r o t2 1r

? = in H ur lewod e

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,M . MSS . , M i D4 04 1

i nH u r ley ,6 0 a c re s , a sa r ted s a bove R e sehu l

q uad rag in ta a c r i sb o sc i

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/248 /68

4 0a c re s , i nP lump tonf e ld e s

i nb o sco d om in ia pud l eC lyf ei nl e

1 4 19 ,B .L . , E ge r ton R o l 8 62 1 l

?i nt h ea r ea o ft h e l a te rT h i s t lewood

n . d . , S t af . R .O . ,D 1287 /6 /37 fs

a pud H o l s t i

s p ryng ' p laceam b osc i K ing s ton -s eC he s ter ton e K ing ton -s eC laverdon e K inwar ton Know le i nb osco d el ak no le l i nb o sco d e C no le l

1 285 , P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 958 , r o t3 1r 1 294 -5 , WA , 2 7 ,694

? =K no l ewode l

1 400 1 , P .R .O . , S C6 / 1039 /2 1

w a s te t h e re

=K no lewode l

1 408 -9 , P .R .O . , S C6 / 1040 / 1

r e f e rence t ol ime t r ee s

? = in b o sco f or inseco

1 293 , WA , 2 7 ,692

= le O u twode

1 355 -6 ,P .R .O . , S C6 / 1039 / 19

=K no leou twod e l

t .H en . I V , WA , 6 20

C hes tewode se

1 293 , WA , 2 7 ,692

c ommon p a s tu re

=Chas twod e se

1 406 -7 ,P .R .O . , S C6 / 1039 /22

l y nde st h e re

= unu sb oscus f or insecus v oca tus

t .H en . I V , WA ,6 20

c ommon p a s t u r e

=C has twode se

1 408 -9 , P .R .O . , S C6 / 1040 / 1

r e f e rence t ol ime t r ee s

=Ches tw ood C opp ice . se t

1 637 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /2363

t h ec opp ice w a sb e tween B ake r s L ane ( s ee

C hes twod se

mode rn m ap s )a nd t h ew a s te c a led C hes t l se t

ado iyne ing . the w as tc a led . . . l C hes tw ood se t i nu no b o sco q uod v oca tur D er e r ug

w ood c . 1279 -90 ,P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 1245 ,r o t7 r

=Der /d er r ich rig

1 293 , WA ,2 7 ,692

= unu sc l ausus b o sc iD er rech

t .H en . I V , WA , 6 20

= copp ice o rg rove o fw ood c a led l

1 556 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /2252

5 0a c re s

D or ydge =Dor ood ' redge W

1 576 , P .R .O . , Wa rd 2 / 39 / 146 1 /82

=Dor opp ice ridge C

1 605 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 228

u nu sa l ius c l ausus b o sc iv oca tus

t .H en . I V , WA , 6 20

N ewc lo s ? =g rauam v oca tam N ewc loswod e

1 400 1 ,P .R .O . , S C6 / 1039 /2 1

= newcroswod e[ s ic ]a l ias d i c te

1 532 , P .R .O . , S C2 / 207 /47

p a s tu re i n1 532

1 605 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 228

p a s t u r ei n1 605

N icho lswod e =N ew C los o rN ick l i s W ood

24 2

u nus c l au su sb o sc i v oca tus

t .H en . I V , WA , 6 20

R ow lemor u nu sc l au sus b o sc ii nB r idd e s lond

t .H en . I V , WA , 6 20

1 0a c re s

? =gl r ava c a led B r idde smor

l 1 276 , C a lendar o f Inqu i s i t ions M i sce laneou s ,

s t b yt h ep r io ry o fH enwood ( a c ros h er i ve r

V o l . I ,n o . 2 200

f r om K now le )

ig raua b osc i

1 448 -9 , WA , 6 2 1

h e ld b yJ ohn H ogge s

g raua v oca ta B rom le sg raue

1 386 -7 , WA , 2 7 ,7 11

t J ack ne t s W odd e

1 542 , PR O . , LR 2 / 185

i t ig rova si nR o tey rew

1 542 , PR O . , L R2 / 185

3a c r e s

L adbroke e L ang ley -s eC laverdon L apwor th b oscum d eL awurde

n . d . , ? l a te 1 2 th C . ,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s , n o . 6 17

? =wood so fL apwo r th

1 22 1 ,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s , n o . 5 75

? =apud l a ppwor th b oscu s

1 446 -7 , PR O . , S C 1 /819

p a r to ft h eB i shop ton l a nd s

t o tum b o scum d eL appewurde q uod

197 l , e d . D .M . S t en ton , T he G r ea tR o lo ft h e

p r e sumab ly s u rv iv ing i np a r ti nt h e mode rn

s v oca tur B i sopeswude

. .1 1 l i i P ipe. 97 , P ipe R o l S oc ie ty ,n ew s e r ie sv i

B u shwood

( 1931) p .1 78 s op = unum b oscum q u iv oca tur B is

1 252 , RB W ,p .4 7 1

W ud e s od = le f ore in b o i sd eB ysw e

1 375 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 1 4 ,006

K yng eswod e

1 279 , HR , p p . 1 65 -7 , 1 69 ,2 80

= Bo scum

1 381 , PR O . , E 315 /43 /2 16

i nK ing swood

=Kyn te swood e

1 4 18 , P .R .O . , E4 0 /427 1

l s t i l w ood i n1 4 18

l m ano r ia l l i nk w i th We le sboume

W o lvernewod e

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , PR O . , E4 0 /4264

r e f e rence t ow a s te o f

=W u lvur enewud e

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , PR O . , E4 0 /4660

s r e f e rence t oa sa r to f

=W o lf e rnewod e

1 350 , PR O . , E4 0 /4655

t wo f i e ld sw i th am eadow

=W o lf ur nwod e

1 446 -7 , PR O . , S C 1 /819

ac l o se

g raua

1 364 , PR O . , E4 0 /4246

n ex tt ol e H arpere sf e ld

g rauam

1 408 , PR O . , E4 0 /44 16

l a d jo in ing l a nd c a led N evewas t

. &u na g raua [ i n] .Gor s tyf e ld e s

1 456 -7 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2251

g r an ted b yR oge rC h i lde t oJ ohn p o r son s ; b yl e J ovo te s lond ,r oad t oB irm ingham , l a ne t o H en ley a nd l eL ong ef e ld

B romon g rove

1 500 1 , B .R .L . ,4 37 ,896

8a c re so fw ood , i nt h em ano ro fB rome a l ia s B romon

l ? =a c er teyne g round c a l ed t h e

1 586 , PR O . , E4 1/ 124

l p a r to fB rome H a l a nd l a nd s

g rov e l u ne g roue q ue e s ta ppe l el a pe t i te

1 369 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2247

p ark g roue s

1 369 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2247

l i s ted a sa ppur tenance st ot h em ano r

L awf ord s ee C hurch L aw ford , a l so L ong L aw f ord i nN ewbo ld o nA von L ea Mar s ton B lacgg r eue

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , M . MSS . , M i D4 169 ,4 174 ,4 177

l ag raue

1 3 16 , M . MSS . , M i D4 196

B ayondewod e

1 3 16 , M . MSS . , M i D4 196

? =beyond t h ew ood

? =apud y ondwod e

1 574 , B .R .L . ,N o r ton 1 82

b ym idd lef e i ld e

L ee W od e

1 478 , B .R .L . ,N or ton 9 2

e ? =bo scum v oca tum l el ewod e

1 497 -8 , PR O . , E 315 /283 , f .5

l eH amme s W od e

1 472 , B .R .L . ,N o r ton 8 9

? =a w od ew i th in t h en ed e rh amy s

1 540 , B .R .L . ,N o r ton 1 28

? p la ce -name o rw ood

l ? nea rt h em odem H am sH a l

L eam ing ton H a s t ing s L eam ing ton P r ior s 2 25

L eek Woot ea l so Woodco te ton -s e L igh thorne u na G raua

1 086 , DB , 2 43b

2f u r long s l o ng b y2 0p e r che sw ide

? = ig raua

3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /51 1

c on ta in ing s i x a c re s

= g roua

1 390 1 , S .B .T . , DR98 /672b

= g roua

1 400 1 , S .B .T . , DR98 /676a

p roduced r od sf o rl eW a te lyng s l

p aruum s p ine tum

1 30 1 , PR O , C1 33 / 100 / 1

? = the g rove

= unum s p ine tum c l au sum

3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /49 1

f or inseco b o sco ? = in b osco

1 398 -9 , S .B .T . , DR98 /674a 1 40 1-2 , S .B .T . , DR98 /675

L i l ing ton l L ong C omp ton b o sco s uo d e C omp ton

1 251-2 , B .L . , E g . MSS . , 3 724

? =bo scum

1 279 , HR ,p .3 18

? —boscu s

1 292 -97 , PR O . , E3 52 /94 , r o t s2 5d -26d

? =Cump tone W ode

1 477 , C a s t le A shby MSS . , n o . 4 60

b o scum

1 279 , HR ,p .3 18

t wo w ood sa r em en t ioned i nt h e HR .

? =Y erde ley

1 477 , C a s t le A shby MSS . , n o . 4 60

d e sc r ibed w i th C ump tone W od e ( s ee a bove )a s

w ood e nc lo sed a f te rc u t ing t

u nde rwood s( s ubbo sc i s )a nd s i lua s L ong I t ch ing ton l o ca t ion o fu nderwood n o tg i ven

xa cras s ubbo sc i

1 305 , PR O . , C1 33 / 119 /5

? =bo scus s epara le

1 347 , PR O . , C1 35 /83 /25

? =I ch in ton W od e

1 385 -6 , PR O . , S C6 / 104 1/ 12

4 7 o ak sc u tt h e re

? =Long I t ch ing ton W ood

1 687 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /25 /Bn .72

m ay i n c lude p a r to ft h ep a rk

ag rove

1 466 , Wa lsa l L oca lH is to ry C en t re ,2 76 /63 l

p rov id ing f t r ebo te , h ou sebo te , h aybo te , i n B a sco te

L ong L aw ford -s eN ewbo ld o n A von e L ongdon -s eS o l ihu l e l L ox ley L udd ing ton -s eS tra t ford -upon -Avon e L yndon -s e B ickenh i l e l Mancet ea l so Ans ley ,A ther s tone , H ar t sh i l ter -s e l b o sco

1 231 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , V o l . X IV ,n o s . 105 , l 1 630

? =d eb o sco d e Mance s ter

1 232 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 17

? =bo scu sf or insecus

1 234 , P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 18

? =cen tu & q uad rag in ta a cr i s

1 3 15 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/245 /42

? =ou twood o f Mance te r t

b o sc i . i nm anece s t r ' . b yt h eo u twood o fO ldbu ry

= ou twood o f Mance te r t

1 538 , PR O . , E 303 / 18 /444

i nb osco d eH arme leg '

1 232 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 17

? = i n parco s uo d e Ar me le

1 234 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 18

b o scum d e C rumpe leg '

1 234 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 18

b e tween Me re s tre te , W ar lauw esmed e , C oven t ry w ay ,a nd t h ea nc ien tf o sb e tween C rumpe l eg s a nd t h em eadow o ft h ev i le in so f Mance te r l t

Mar s ton -s eB u t ler s Mar s ton , L ea Mar s ton , P r ior s Mar s ton , a nd ,f or Mar s ton J abbe t , B u lk ing ton e t Mar ton

26 2

Max s toke u nu sb o scus f or insecu s = f or insecum B oscum

1 295 , PR O . , C1 33 /73 /2 1 325 -6 ,B od le ian L ib ra ry , T r in i ty MS . 8 4 , f .

l b y af i e ld c a led b l ak lond

i i c l xxi ? = l eO u tewood

l 1 346 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 346 -9 ,

B y r chenemor

1 347 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /3 /35 /3

d e sc r ibed a s ap l o to fw ood g round

t h eO ldf e ld

1 347 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /3 /35 /3

d e sc r ibed a s ap l o to fw ood g round

ig rove b osc i

i 1 402 -3 , B od le ian L ib ra ry ,T r in i ty MS . 8 4 , f .l

? =g rova t e r re & b osc i

1 4 19 , PR O . , E4 0 /62 1 ; B .R .L . K een 9 2

l r p ar ce le t e re & b osc iv oca te l e

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269 ;

se m ays

1 486 -7 , W .C .R .O . , CR2981/ u nca ta logued

P .

8 4

i mpa rked o n b u i ld ing o ft h e c a s t le

b yt h eh ighway f r om C oven t ry t o Maxs toke l a nd C o le sh i l

h a lmonswod e

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

p a s tu r e

= ha lome swod e

1 486 -7 , W .C .R .O . , CR298 1/ u nca ta logued

p a s tu r e , s t a ted t ob ew i th in t h ep a rk

E r l e swod e

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

p a s tu r e

m onwod e

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

af i e ld , ?i nA s t ley

G i lmor

n . d . , 1 5 th C . , B od le ian L ib ra ry , T r in i ty MS . 8 4 , f .5 7

? =G i lmore W ood

1 690 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /3 /20 /4

B rodmor

1 435 -6 , B od le ian L ib ra ry ,T r in i ty MS . 8 4 , f .1 4

e s em ap o f1 767 , W .C .R .O . , Z 149

1 690 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /3 /20 /4 ? =B r eadmoor W ood

e s em ap o f1 767 , W .C .R .O . , Z 149

H ichwood

1 52 1-2 , S .B .T . , ER 1/63 /280 , f .7 1

l B e thna ly W ood

1 52 1-2 , S .B .T . , ER 1/63 /280 , f .7 1

C omby s W ood

1 52 1-2 , S .B .T . , ER 1/63 /280 , f 71

C lar kff t ld e W ood

1 52 1-2 , S .B .T . , ER 1/63 /280 , f .7 1

P r ior s G rove

1 52 1-2 , S .B .T . , E R 1/63 /280 , f .7 1

C owper s W ood

1 52 1-2 , S .B .T . , ER I/63 /280 , f .7 1

? =C ooper s G rove

1 8 th C . , W .C .R .O . ,Z 309 /2 (U )

? =mode rn H ea ch Wood

Mer eva le i nq uodam b osco q uod c on t ine t

1 260 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 953 , r o t4 r

c ommon p a s tu re t h e re

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

( l i s ted u nde rA the r s tone )

rac ? 1162 -73 ,G . B ar lough , T he C har ter so ft h e

t h et e x to ft h ed ocumen ti s de scr ibed a s

A ng lo -Norman E ar l so fC he s ter , R eco rd

" e x t reme ly c or rup t " , b u tp robab ly r e p re sen t ing

c en tum a cras l ? =me ry va lo u twod e Mer iden ,i n c lud ing A l spa th i nb o sco m eo

S oc ie ty o fL anca sh i re a nd C he sh i r e , CXXV I ,

lowed t " ag enu ine t r an sac t ion " ; t h ee a r l a h e

1 988 ,p .1 73

g r an tee t op u tf o r ty p i g si nt h ew ood

? =communem b oschum

n . d . , B .R .L . , 6 08 ,881

l ? =bo sco d ea le spa th

n . d . , B .R .L . , 6 08 ,882

s co d s pa = in b os ea l is the

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 10 /534

? =bo sco m eo d eA le spa th

n . d . , B .R .L . ,6 08 ,879

o fA lexande rd eb ikenhu l

l ? =Bo sco m eo d eA le spa th

c . 1240 -50 , C .R .O . , BA /D /K / 10 /2 ; n . d . , S .B .T . ,

o fG i lbe r td e S eg rave

a na sa r tt h e re g r an ted b yp e t ru s a l bu st o s W i l iam Wa ldg iue l

E R I/63 /293 l s cum i ud b os

c . 1240 , C .R .O . , BA /D /K / 10 / 1

l ? =wood o fW i l iam d eA l spa th

l 1 308 , D eB anco R o l 1 73 ,m . 2 33 , c i ted i n

b ough to fp e t ru sa l ba o fA lspa th b yG e ra rd , s on o fW i l iam d eA lspa th l

V CH , V o l . I V ,p .1 5 1 n emor i sR icard id eK in ton

n . d . , S .B .T . , DR 10 /534

b yo ri nt h ew ood o fA lspa th

p ar tem b o sc iq ue v oca tur

n . d . , B .R .L . , 6 08 ,88 1

b ough tb yR icha rd d eK in ton o fP e te rl e bl und ( ?=a lba , s ea bove )jun iore e

s c hu tehaunch ? =S hew te h aunche

1 533 -4 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1409 , f .2 9 1

l . =Copp ice w ood o rg rove c a led .

1 555 ,W .C .R .O . , CR669 /bund le G

t S co thaunce a l ias S hou tehaunce

2 27

a d jo ined J en ing swood o nt h es ou th

b osco d eH orn

n . d . , S .B .T . , E R 1/63 /297

s eH o rn Wood o n moder nm ap s e

= the h ornewod

5 13 , W i l iam S a l t L ib ra ry ,H .M . C he twynd , 1 l

s t i l w ood i n1 5 13 , p a s tu r e i n1 6 14 ( W .C .R .O . , l

b und le 8

CR669 /bund le G )

1 202 , P .R .O . ,C P 2 5 / 1/242 /6

i nA l spa th , n ea rH ocwe i

1 3 16 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /543

g ran ted b yR icha rd P agge o fA l spa th t o

B o scum q uod R adus d ef i nung l ia t e nu i t m ed ie ta tem b o s sc im e i. i acen tem i u x ta l eW a l eg r ene l u num c rof tum . .c ub osco a d iacen te

S t ephen d e C leyb rock 1 3 16 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /544

g r an ted b yW i l iam J o rdan t oS t ephen d e l C leyb rock

g rov eq ue v oca tur O rme sg reva

1 323 -4 , S .B .T . , ER 1/63 /294

c u iu sdam b o sc iq ue n uper fu i t

1 40 1 , P .R .O . , E 315 /31/235

R og e r iB ukmore i nA l spa the u nam g rauam e xd ono G erard id e

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .4 8v

b e long ing t oC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry

W a ld eyve ? =un ius g roue

1 546 -7 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,255 ,m . 1 4

u nam g rovam v oca tam W h i tg roue t

1 452 , C .R .O . , 5 4 /27

i n Me r iden , g ran ted b yJ ohn B ray l i st o Ma rga re th i sw if e

? =a g rove c a led Marg er ie G rove l

1 528 , C .R .O . ,9 / 1

= oon l i t le g rov et h ere

1 546 , C .R .O . , BA /D /K / 10 /24

p a r to f am es nA lspa th c a led B rey le s s uage i l l i nB ra i le s l a nd s i

? =C lose . c a l ed Megg ew ood . l

1 581 , C .R .O . , BA /A /A /2 /2

b y l o dge g r een -6a c re s

=M egg ew ood c l o se

1 630 1 , C .R .O . , 5 4 /69

b yl o dge g r een -6a c re s

? =C lo se. a l ed Magg G rove . c l

1 652 , C .R .O . , BA /D /K / 10 /26

b yl o dge g r een a nd a soc ia ted w i th t h e s t e nemen tc a led B ray l is , may b em a rked b yt h e l f i e ld c a led G rove i nP i sf o rd 's l a nd so nm ap o f l 1 789 , W .C .R .O . , CR238 1 .

? =M egg rov e

1 656 , 1 668 , W .C .R .O . , F inch K n igh t ley 3 / 3 / 11 ,

n o r th o ft h el a ne f r om Mer iden t oF i long ley l

1 3( l i s to fp ape r sa tP a ck ing ton H a l ) l g rovam v oca tam C h ircheg rave

1 455 , W .C .R .O . , CR669 /bund le G

? =Aw se l ie C hurch G rove

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

? =C hurch w ood

b y T ay l ere s lond a nd O ldwor thyng l

1 587 , W .C .R .O . , F inch K n igh t ley 3 / 3 /8 ( l i s to f p ape r sa tP ack ing ton H a l ) l

c l ausuram t e r e &b osc i. r .

1 408 , P .R .O . , E 329 /222

b e tween A l spa th a nd P ack ing ton

1 454 , P .R .O . , E 326 /8944

s eD ive R edd ing so nt h eb o rde rw i th e

1 550 , B .R .L . , 2 49 ,976

W .C .R .O . , CR238 1

1 550 , B .R .L . ,2 49 ,976

b y ag rove c a led Dyve R yddyng ( s ee a bove ) l

D yberod yng = ac l o se o fw ood c a l ed d yve l r uddyng ? =unam G rovam v oca tam D yve

P ack ing ton ,n o r th o fC hu rch Wood i n1 789 ,

R yddyng u nam p aruam G rovam v oca tam C haun t re g rove ? =C han t r ie g rove

1 587 , F inch K n igh t ley 3 / 3 /8 ( l i s ti nW .C .R .O . )

? =C han try W ood

c . 1795 , W .C .R .O . , CR2381

g rove i nA l spa th . voc 'shaf t s

1 523 -7 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1777

S pryng e ? = the S haf te s

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

? =G rovam v oca tam S haf te s

1 603 , B .R .L . ,2 77 , 12 1

d e scr ibed a s aw ood ? la te r Me r iden S haf t s

W i th ie G rov e

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

m ap , 1 789 , W .C .R .O . , CR238 1

H anch W ood

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

m ap , 1 789 , W .C .R .O . , CR238 1

C ok sho t W ood e

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

F ar s G rove ri

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

B a l i sG rove l

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

B ak e r sG rov e

1 531 , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /207

B ene t ss p ryng t

m ap , 1 789 , W .C .R .O . , CR238 1

1 5 13 , W i l iam S a l tL ib ra ry , H .M . C he twynd l b und le 8

t h er eug h t / row l e sue

1 5 13 , W i l iam S a l t L ib ra ry ,H .M . C he twynd l b und le 8

m i ly scen tw ood l

? = moder nM i l ison 's Wood l

1 597 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /560

28 2

M idd le ton i nb osco d eM idd e l ton

1 22 1 ,R o lo ft h eJ us t ice s , p .3 73 l

= in b o scum d eM idd le ton

1 231-2 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 951A ,r o t6 r

= bo sco d eM id i l ton

1 249 , M . MSS . , M i D4 310

? =boscum

n . d . , M . MSS . , M i D4 253

? = in b o sco d om in i

1 308 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 3 1/4 i nc o mmon

? =qu idam b o scus f or insecus

1 313 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /34 / 14

= in b o sco f or inseco

1 3 15 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 3 1/9

b os eum q uod v oca tur l e scum m

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , M . MSS . , M i D4 255

L ind e s ? =W as tum q uod v oca tur l eL ind e s

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , M . MSS . , M i D . 4 265

= va s to n o s t ro v oca to L eL ynde s

1 333 , M . MSS . , M i D . 4 382

o nt h eh ea th o fT une /eye

b os eum q uod v oca tur scum m

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,M . MSS . , M i D4 277 ,4 328

n ea rt od rybrok a nd l es p ire s , ? = T he S p i re so n m ap o f1 865 , M . MSS . , M i 2P5 A

s okone = bo scum m eum q uod v oca tur l a

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , M . MSS . , M i D4 29 1

s ok en ? =was tum m eum q uod v oca tur l a

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , M . MSS . , M i D4 270

s ok en ? —as tum m eum q uod v oca tur l a s ar

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , M . MSS . , M i D4 299

s okone o fR icha rd d e s c he ldon

a l ne tum

1 286 , M . MSS . , M i D4 317

i na l to b osco

1 297 , M . MSS . , M i D4 323

? = the h i gh w ood

? =pas tura v oca ta l eH enwod e

1 454 -5 , M . MSS . , 5 / 167 / 102

? i nt h ev i c in i ty o fH anwood so n m ap o f1 865 , M . MSS . , M i 2P5 A

s i luam q ue v oca tur W od ehur s t

1 299 , M . MSS . , M i D4 325

= l ec l o sd e W odehur s t

1 385 , M . MSS . , M i D4 525 /2

= ib o scu sf or inc icus v oca tus

1 4 19 -20 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 24

c on ta ined o ak s , map le sa nd c r ab s

W od y shur s t i nb o sco v oca to W a lehede l

1 387 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 3 1/29

? = ip arce le b osc if or insec i v oca te l

1 4 19 -20 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 24

l eW a l ehed e l ar ce le b o sc iv oca te S war tha l e ip l

1 4 19 -20 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 24

S war tha lhe th w a sb y W odehur s t i n1 385 , M . MSS . , M i D4 525 /2

c l ose ib os cu sv oca tus S harpenok

1 4 19 -20 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 24

M i lver ton Mo l ing ton l Monk s K irby o tum b o scum m eum q u id i c i tur L a t

1 302 , B .L . , C o t . C h . x x ix 9 0 t

i nP a i l ton -s e mode rn G rove w ood i nt i t he e a wa rd , W .C .R .O . , CR569 / 150

G rav e = l e G roue

403 , B .L . , E g . C h . 6 160 _1

Mor e ton Morre l l g rova d em oor ton

1 425 -6 , PR O . , S C6 / 1040 /7

w ood t a ken f r om t h e r ef o rL igh tho r ne , ? p re sen t Mo re ton Wood

Mor ton B ago t i nb o sco d e Mor ton

1 227 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , XI o . 2 73 l I I, n

? i nt h ev i c in i ty o ft h e l a te r Mo r ton Wa s te /Common

N ap ton N ewbo ld o n A von v i g in t ia c r i sb o sc i

1 368 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 1472 ,r o t

b e long ing t o af r ee -ho ld ing i nN ewbo ld

2d 2 ? = le g roue /g rowe

1 484 -94 , PR O . , S C 1 /685 -8 29 2

h e rbage s o ld t h e re

i l / am p ar tem s p ine t iq ue e s ta pud

n .d . , B .L . , C o t ton C a l igu la A x i i i , f .1 33

i nL ong L awf o rd , g i ven t oP ipewe l A bbey b y l R oge rd e S tu tev i l le

o cc id en tem =med ie tas p red ic t is p ine t i

1 2 10 , B .L . , C o ton C a l igu la A x i , f . 145 t i i

d eg raua m ea q ue a ppe la tur l

n . d . , B .L . , C o ton C a l igu la A x i , f . 1 44 -5 ; t i i

g r an ted t oP ipewe l A bbey b yR oge rP an to lf , l

B lachenurd a ba ugmen to q uod

PR O . , E 315 /53 / 189

? pa r to ft h es p ine tum a bove

a n tea h abeban td eR og ero d e s t u teu i l l = to tum s p ine tum d eB lake th irne

n .d . ,B .L . , C o ton C a l igu la A x i , f .1 48 t i i

u sque a dC a ld ewe l l N ewbo ld P acey l y te lg rove l

1 585 ,E cc le s ias t ica l T e r ier s , V o l . I ,p .1 5 r

i nA sho rne

a n te 1 477 , J .N icho l s , T he H i s tor ya nd

b e long ing t oG auf r idus d eT ur v i la , i n l

A n t iqu i t ie so f th ec oun ty o f Le ice s te r , V o l . I ,

S t ock ingf o rd

N ewnham R eg i s N ewnham -s eA s ton C an t low e N ew ton R eg i s -s eS hut ton e ting N or ton C ur l ieu -s e B udbrooke e N or ton L ind sey N unea ton m ag no b osco

P a r tI I( 1815 ) ,A ppend ix XV I I b o sco d eN ewhay

a n te 1 477 ,N icho ls ,H i s to ry a nd A n t iqu i t ie so f

o fS t ephen d e S eg rave , i nS t ock ingf o rd

t h ec oun ty o f Liece s ter ,V o l . I ,P a r tI ,A pp . XV I I n . d . , P .R .O . , E 326 / 1882

i nS t ock ingf o rd

1 290 , B .L . ,A dd . C h . 4 9 ,069

i nS t ock ingf o rd

a i sw ood s l h

t .S t ephen , Dugda le ,V o l . I ,p . 1066

o fR obe r tF i t zJ oce l in

? = i lo c ampo q u i v oca tur s i lua l

n . d . ,? c . 1 290 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 9 ,07 1

i nS t ock ingf o rd

b o sco. u iv oca tur . q N e t lebedd e smoor c ampo q u iv oca tur G od sa lme s W od e

J oce l in i ? = [ land ] i nb o sco J oce l in i

n . d . , PR O . , E 326 /8008

i nb o sco d eE ton

1 285 , PR O . ,J UST 1 / 958 , r o t 3d

b o sco v oca to l eH anche

1 368 -9 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,7 11 l

? = l eH anche

1 369 -70 , B .L . , A dd . R o l l4 9 ,7 12 ; 1 400 1 ,

? = the l a te rH anch Wood

B .L . ,A dd . R o l l4 9 ,759 ; 1 406 -7 , B .L . , A dd . R o l l4 9 ,762 3 0a c re si n1 543

? =Spr ing o rG rove c a l led h anche

1 543 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 364 ( Sm )

J one swod e

1 377 -8 ,B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,720 l

p r e sumab ly o nt h es i te o fc l o se sc a l led J ohn ' s

= J onuswode

1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l l4 9 ,760

Wood i nt i the a wa rd , W .C .R .O . , CR569 / 184

1 405 -6 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,763 l 1 406 -7 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,762 l ? =J ohnny swood

1 543 , W .C .R .O . , Z 364 ( Sm )

B o scum q uod v oca tur l el e e

n .d . , ? l3 th C . , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,49 1

b yC a ldeco te Wood -B .L . A dd . R o ls 4 9 ,760 , l

= in b osco v oca to l el e[ or ]l el e e e

v a r iou s f r om 1 370 -B .L . ,A dd . R o l s4 9 ,7 13 , l

4 9 ,762 , a l so b yH a r t sh i lp a rk ; r e la t ion sh ip t o l

4 9 ,7 15 ,4 9 ,7 17 -9 ,4 9 ,72 1-2 ,4 9 ,751 ,4 9 ,760 ,

o v er le , n e thur le , m idd e le a nd N euson le n o t l

4 9 ,762 -3

c l ea r

? =G rea tL ey w ood

1 542 , B .L . , A dd C h . 4 8 ,79 1 ,4 8 ,793

l el es uper ior e

1 331-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,727 l

? =ove r le

1 406 -7 , B .L . , A dd . R o l l s4 9 ,762 ,4 9 ,765

m idd e l le

1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l l4 9 ,760

N e thur le

l 1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,760 l 1 406 -7 , B .L . , A dd . R o l s4 9 ,762 ,4 9 ,765

2 30

b o scum v oca tum N euson le

1 369 -70 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,7 12 l

=N euson le

1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,760 l

N ewewod e

1 370 1 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,7 13 l

= bo scum v oca tum l eN euwod e

1 372 -3 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,7 15 l

= le N euwod e

1 374 -5 , 1 380 1 , 1 407 , B .L . , A dd . R o l s4 9 ,7 17 , l

n ex tt ot h ew ood c a led l el e l e n ea r W edyn tonbrugg e , B .L . A dd . R o l4 9 ,765 l

4 9 ,722 ,4 9 ,765 i nN eu takenhyn

1 331-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,727 l

= le N eu takenh in

1 380 1 , 1 386 -8 , 1 40 1-2 , 1 405 -6 , 1 406 -7 , 1 407 ,

u nde rwood t h e re i n1 331-2

B .L . , A dd . R o l s4 9 ,722 ,4 9 ,751 ,4 9 ,760 , l 4 9 ,763 ,4 9 ,762 ,4 9 ,765 ? =g rov ec a l ed n ew t a k en I nne l

1 538 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,776

i nb osco v oca to l e N eunomenyn

1 372 -3 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,7 15 l

r e la t ion sh ip w i th N eu takenh in u nce r ta in -b o th

? =N eunemenh in

1 374 -5 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,7 17 l

a ppea ri nt h es ame a ccoun tr o l -B .L . , A dd . l

? =pas tura b osc i v oca t il e

1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,760 l

R o l 4 9 ,760 l

N eunomnh in b oscum v oca tum l em er i l ind ew ode

1 374 -5 , 1 375 -6 , 1 40 1-2 , 1 405 -6 , 1 406 -7 , B .L . , A dd . R o ls 4 9 ,7 17 ,4 9 ,7 19 ,4 9 ,760 ,4 9 ,763 , l 4 9 ,762

l eh ackyng

1 369 -70 , 1 374 -5 , 1 400 1 , 1 40 1-2 , 1 405 -6 ,

n ea r Mer i l ind ewode -B .L . , A dd . R o l s4 9 ,759 , l

1 406 -7 , B .L . , A dd . R o l s4 9 ,7 12 ,4 9 ,7 17 -8 , l

4 9 ,763

4 9 ,759 ,4 9 ,760 , 4 9 ,763 ,4 9 ,762 l eh ywod

1 331-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,727 l

? = in a l to b o sco

l 1 374 -5 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,7 18

? in b o sco v oca to l eH iwod e

l 1 375 -6 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,7 19

= in b osco v oca to h ywode

l 1 400 1 , 1 40 1-2 , 1 405 -6 ,B .L . ,A dd R o l s 4 9 ,759 ,4 9 ,760 ,4 9 ,763

i nl e heyewod e

l 1 374 -5 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,7 17

= le h eywod e

l 1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,760

l b o sco v oca to H a l iw e le s ich

l 1 372 -3 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,7 15

L eO u twod e

l 1 406 -7 , 1 407 , B .L . , A dd . R o ls 4 9 ,762 ,4 9 ,765

n ex tt oJ onuswode , Me r i l ind ewod ea nd

b o scum v oca tum l e hard ecno l

l 1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,760

l e b yt h e O u twod ea nd w ood c a led l eB .L . ,A dd .

i nb o sco v oca to H anchemor

l 1 400 1 , B .L . ,A dd . R o l4 9 ,759

l b yl e Hanche , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,760

b o sco v oca to B lak ewa te r

l 1 407 -8 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,765

p r e sumab ly b yB la ckwa te rga te

s hawe i nb o scum v oca tum W is

l 1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,760

t i n1 543 t h is w a s af i e ld -name a ta ched t ol a nd

? =W y shawe

1 543 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 364 (Sm )

re w i th in t h ep r ec inc to ft h em ano ru pt ob ar

b o scum v oca tum l eC los s ub tu s

l 1 378 -9 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,72 1

h ardecno l l R o ls 4 9 ,765 , 4 9 ,763

g rene l v i la d eE ton i u x ta b o scum d el eT emp le b o sco d eH or s ton = bo scum v oca tum h or s ton w od e

l 1 397 -9 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,757 l 1 372 -3 , 1 386 -8 , B .L . , A dd . R o ls 4 9 ,7 15 ,

I n 1 408 -9 b yl o nge le ie s , l a nco tega te a nd t h e

4 9 ,751

t l f i e ld o fA t lebo rough , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 9 ,403

l 1 40 1-2 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,760

= the w od e / bo scum

l 1 408 -9 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 9 ,403

? =un ius c rof t iv oca t ih or s ton w ood

1 557 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,953

=W hore s ton W ood

1 690 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C704

C om i teswood e

1 54 1 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,790

=Coun te s W ood

1 543 , W .C .R .O . , Z 364 (Sm )

B lackwa te rf i e ld a nd t amef ie ld

H y rdmany sg rov e

1 543 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 364 (Sm )

n ex tt ot h e Myddy lpoo l e

= hard emans g rove

1 557 , B .R .L . , 3 47 ,953

S pryngwood g rove

1 552 ,B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,8 19

l p a s tu re i n1 543 ,b e tween b ane p oo l , w a te rm i l ,

N u thur s t H nu thyr s te

6 99 -709 ,S 64

p l a ce -name

c ampo v oca to L yn thur s t

1 357 , 1 360 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2285a /50 , 5 2

b y Mydd le F i e lde a nd S and ie C rof ti n1 568 ,

u nam g rauam v oca tam S y s te lye s

1 420 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2285a /69

S .B .T . , ER 1/67 /565 g roue G unn i ld g rov e

1 428 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2285a /73 2 31

l e grove

1 476 , B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 6 15

i np a s tu r ea nd l a nd c a led O ldenu thur s te w i th l t

Y ond rewod

1 336 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2285a /36

? =beyond t h ew ood

ac opp i sc a led K e t le sg rave s l

1 597 , B .R .L . , 2 77 ,427

B aya rd 'C rof t

O f church f b oscu s i n c lu su sv oca tus B rad legh

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 ,f .2 07v

O ldbury p ar tem n emor i se xS u te s td e

c . 1129 -48 , S .B .T . , ER 1/64 /342 -4

n os t a tem en tt h a tt h ew ood w a si nO ldbu ry o r i nH a r t sh i l o r Mance te ra d jo in ing l t

Al d ebur ia = nemus H ugon i s B yrche ley g rove

1 54 1 , PR O . , E 318 /20 / 1077

2/ 2 a 1 c r e s

l G rov ec a led t h em ore

1 54 1 , PR O . , E 318 /20 / 1077

3/ 2 a 1 c re s , ? moder n Moo r Wood

ag rove

1 54 1 , PR O . , E 318 /20 / 1077

5a c re s ,h e ld b yR icha rd B a r e so lde

l [ 3] p arce l so fw ood i no ldebury

1 54 1 , P .R .O . , E 318 /20 / 1077

1 51 2 a / c re so fw ood

? = the O u twood so fO ldebery

1 538 , PR O . , E 303 / 18 /444 ,4 31

t b yt h eo u twood o f Mance te r

t h eN ewecop ie

1 538 , PR O . , E 303 / 18 /444

b yt h eo u twood

c omen

Over s ley p a rk

1 283 , C a lendar o f Inqu i s i t ions P os t Mor tem , V o l I ,n o 5 29

= in p arco d om in i

1 3 19 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2246

= par cus

c . 1320 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2246b

h aze lr od sc u tt h e re 3 87 a c re s , 1/ 2 p 1 e rche s ,w i th p a s tu r e ,p annage a nd u nde rwood

? =Over s ley p ark w ood s

1 600 , S .B .T . , DRS /2356

= park

1 747 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 7M 12

B ud e leye

1 3 18 , S .B .T . , DRS /2245

m ap s how sa r ea o fc . 380 a c r e s ,a bou th a lf o f w h ich i s cove red b yt h ep r e sen tO ve r s ley Wood

1 3 19 , S .B .T . , DRS /2246

t r ee sc u tt h e r e

c . 1320 , S .B .T . , DRS /2246b

o ne o ft h et h ree w ood si nt h em ano r

1 332 , S .B .T , DRS /2249 n ea rt ot h ef i e ld o fO ve r s ley

1 387 -8 , S .B .T . , DRS /2255 H o leweg rov e

1 3 18 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2245

? =Hoghweg rove

c . 1320 , S .B .T . , DR5 .2246b

o ne o ft h et h ree w ood si nt h em ano r

? =Ho luweg roue

1 332 , S .B .T . , DRS /2249

?n ea rt oH ighway G round

C a luhu l

1 3 19 , S .B .T . , DRS /2246

l =Ca lwohu l

c . 1320 , S .B .T . , DRS /2246b

i nb o sco d om in i

c . 1332 , 1 353 -4 , 1 385 , S .B .T , DR5 /2249 ,2 250 ,

o ne o ft h et h r ee w ood si nt h em ano r

2 251 ? =bo scus s epara l i s

1 334 , PR O . , C1 35 /38 / 31

l o fW i l iam l e Bo te le r

i i, n . d , ? 13 th C . , B .L . ,A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .x xi

t h eo u twood i s ma rked o n am ap o f1 777 ,c opy

x x lv

i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 30 1/ 1(U )

l O xh i l P ack ing ton , G rea t f or inseco b o sco d eP akyn ton ? =bo sco d eP ak yn ton

i n . d . , ? l3 th C . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 ,f .x x i , x i i xi

? =Pack ing ton c omen

1 544 , PR O . , E3 18 / 10 /434

1 3a c re so fw ood t h e r e

b oscum A i lgme shey /A i lyhmehey

n . d . , ? 13 th C . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .x x iv ,

d e sc r ibed a sp a r to ft h ef o re ign w ood

x xv d e sc r ibed a sw ood

l ? =Agmond e sh i l

1 52 1 , S .B .T . , ER 1/63 /280

l l ? =g rov e sc a l ed A dmonde sh i l

1 547 , W .C .R .O . , F inch K n igh t ley 1 / 14 ( l i s to f l p ape r sa tP a ck ing ton H a l )

2 32

1 536 , W .C .R .O . , F inch K n igh t ley 1 / 2( l i s to f

G rea t C lose W ood

p ape r s a tP ack ing ton H a l ) ; l 7 0 a c re s i n1 544

1 544 , PR O . , E 318 / 10 /434 1 76 1 , W .C .R .O . , Z 314 (Sm )

=C lo se W ood

1 536 , W .C .R .O . , F inch K n igh t ley 1 / 2( l i s to f

N ew h ewe w ood

2 0 a c re si n1 544

p ape r s a tP a ck ing ton H a l ) ; 1 544 , PR O . , E l 3 18 / 10 /434 N ewe p arke w ood

1 544 , PR O . , E 318 / 10 /434

3 6 a c re s

O ld ep ark ew ood

1 544 , PR O . , E 318 / 10 /434

2 0a c r e s

l y te lg rove t

1 547 , W .C .R .O . , F inch K n igh t ley 1 / 14 ( l i s to f p ape r s a tP ack ing ton H a l ) l

P ack ing ton , L it t le i nb o sco d eP ak in ton P igo t

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , S t af . R .O . , D 1287 /6 / 18 /28 fs

P ackwood n emu sd ep acwda e te cc l e s ia i ic l

n o tc l ea rw he the rt h ec hu rch w a sb u i l t i nt h e

c . 1183 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /258

p l ace c a led P ackwood o ri ni t sw ood l

c ons truc ta b o scum f or insecum

1 279 , HR , p .1 80 1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 04 r

p arcum i n c lu sum

1 279 , HR , p .1 80

? =magnum b o scum v oca tum l e

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 04 r

P ark e c um t r ibus g rov i sv oca t i sL us ter l ey

4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 04 r 1

? nea rt om ode rn l i s te lowe i nt h en o r th o ft h e p a r ish -s et i t he a wa rd , W .C .R .O . , CR328 /33 e

G rove s

u nde rwood s o ld t h e re

1 398 ,C .R .O . , 5 4 /40

g rava a pud P akwod e v oca ta C ook se teg roue g raua ;g rauam ;g rau i s

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 04 r -206 r

1 7g rove s i na , h e ld b yt e nan t s ; t imbe r l b e longed t ot h el o rd

5 19 , B .R .L . , K een 1 04 ; S .B .T . , DR 12 /4 1

g rove a tt h eh ead o fl y gh tf e lde

s eG rove f i e ld -name i nt h eL igh tF i e ld so n e m ap o f1 723 ,c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 230 (L )

P a i l ton -s e Monk s K irby e P i ler ton P r ior sa nd P i ler ton H er sey l l P in ley -s eC oven try a nd R ow ing ton e P o le swor th i nb o sco d eP o l eswr th l

1 285 , PR O . ,J UST 1 / 958 ,r o t3 1d

b o scu s

1 285 , PR O . , C1 33 /4 1/5

i nP oo ley

b o scum q uem v end id i &b o scum

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S t af . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/ 10 / 10 ; fs

F rea s ley ' sw ood ,w h ich h ad b een d iv ided , w a s

q uem r e t inu i

S e lec t C ase si nt h e C our to f King ' sB ench

t h es ub jec to f much d i spu te ; i ta d jo ined t h e

? =boscum d eF re s '

u nd er E dward I ,V o l . I (e d . S ay le s ) , p p . 9 7 -

w ood o fK ing sbury

12 n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S t af . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/ 10 / 10 fs

i nF rea s ley

s e xag in ta a c r i sb osc i

1 300 1 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 1320 ,r o t 1 0d

i nD o rdon

? =pa r to fq u inquag in ta & u na

1 302 , W i l iam S a l tL ib ra ry , H .M . C he twynd l

a c ras b o sc i

B und le 3

m o seg rauehu l l

n . d . , ? 13 th C . , W i l iam S a l tL ib ra ry , H .M . l

?ap l a ce -name o r ag rove o n ah i l , ?n ea rH oo l

C he twynd B und le 3

H i l i nD o rdon l

b oscum d eS t o tef o lde shay = bosco c ur ie s ue v i c ino q u iv oca tur S t odf o ld e shay

N ewe t a k en i nc opp ice

1 545 , PR O . , E 318 / 11/499

1 2a c re s

S he ldon c opp ice

1 545 , PR O . , E 318 / 11/499

2a c re s

L y twood c opp ice

1 545 , PR O . , E 318 / 11/499

6a c re s

P arke w ood

1 545 , PR O . , E 318 / 11/499

1 5a c re s

B ear l ey w ood

1 545 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 11/499

8a c re s

m ' hay

1 545 , PR O . , E 318 / 11/499

3a c re so fw ood t h e re 2 33

l E chy l sc ommon

1 545 , P .R .O . , E3 18 / 11/499

t r ee st h e re

B uck e t sc opp ice t

t .H enry VI .R .O . , E 318 / 15 /710 I I, P

3a c re s

More c opp ice

I I, P t .H en ry VI .R .O . , E3 18 / 15 /7 10

1a c re

P re s ton B ago t c um q uodam b o sco

t ? 122 1-38 , B .L . ,C o ton V e spa s ian E x xv , f .7 1

d a te sf r om R ead ing A bbey C a r tu la r ie s , p p .

? =g raua

t 1 226 -38 ,B .L . , C o ton V e spa s ian E x xv , f .7 1

4 44 -5 ; b o th d eed si n vo lve S imon B ago ta nd s l l a nd sa soc ia ted w i th am i l

P r ince thorpe i nq uodam b o sco

1 246 -7 ,P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t S r

c ommon r i gh t st h e re , ? =p re sen tP r ince tho rpe G rea t Wood

P r ior s H ardw ick P r ior s Mar s ton R adbourn e R adford -s eC oven try R adf ord S eme le V ig in t iA cras b o sc i

1 i 5 14 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .l x i , l x i

? = le G rove

I I/ 3 1 537 -8 , P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen VI 736

w ood s o ld t h e re

1 308 -9 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1457

l s ma lb ranche s( Ramuscur )s o ld t h e re

R adway i nd odde sg rov e R a t ley u nam g rauam q ue v oca tur

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 , f .2 03

c n ih teg raue = unam g rouam q ue v oca tur

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 , f .2 06

sion t s p e rm is oa sa r ti n c luded

k n ic theg raue s ar = es ta d ek n ic teg raue

184 1204 /5 , P .R .O . , E3 26 / 11626

s ar = es ta d ec hn ic tg raue

n . d . , ? c .1200 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 , f .2 10 13 ; P .R .O . ,E 329 /234

? =N yg rove

l 1 6 12 , B .L . , A dd . R o l4 3 ,00 1

s ub b osco q u iv oca tur e s t lee

n . d . , ? 12 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 , f .2 08

? —g rauam d ee s t le ia

n . d . , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 , f .2 09

= g raua s ua d ee s t l ee

n . d . , P .R .O . , E 329 /234

= As t ley g roue

n . d . , ? l4 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/596

n ea rH o rn ton a nd F lee tm eadow

H e ig rauemore

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 , f .2 10 13 ;

p l a ce -nam ew h ich may n o tr e f e rt oa ne x tan t

P .R .O . ,E 329 /234 , E 326 / 11626

g rove

R ow ing ton b oscum d eR och in ton '

? l a te 1 2 th C . ,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s ,n o . 6 17

? =Rowen ton W ood

1 457 -8 , S .B .T . , DR3 /805

i nt h en or the rn p a r to fR ow ing ton ,t owa rd s

= bo scum v oca tum R owyng ton

1 49 1 , S .B .T . , DR3 /795

B adde s ley C l in ton

W ood = Row ing ton W oodde

1 606 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 228

c ommun ionem. nb osco a bba t i s . i

,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s ,n o . 6 14 150

d eA spe le ia ? =Boscum D om in iR eg i si b id em

1 543 -4 , P .R .O . , E 315 /457

v oca tum A sp l e W ood = Aspe ley W ood

1 582 , S .B .T . , DR473 /291 , f . 1 0 , 1 , 1 4 , 1 9 , 2 0

o nt h es ou th -ea s ts i de o fR ow ing ton ,n ea r S h rew ley

2 34

b osco d eP inne le

c . 1220 , W .C .R .O . , CR284 / 1

? =vas to v oca to P yn leywodd e

1 48 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1008 /32

Ewer ug e

1 22 1 , R ead ing A bbey C a r tu la r ie s , n o . 5 75

aw ood

? =Over ug e

1 49 1 , 1 509 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1008 /36 ,4 3

? ap l a ce -name , n ea rB romme sg rove i n

I nwode

1 252 ,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s , n o . 6 22

? by mode rn I nwood E nd

u na p arua g ravene ts p inos t sa

1 537 , BD ( unde rH a ton ) t

2a c re s , s ou th o f ac l o se c a led P a rk F i e ld l

n . d . , ? 12 th C . , C amb r idge U n ive r s i ty L ib ra ry ,

?p r e sumab ly p a r ts u rv ive si nt h e mode rn

A dd 3 02 1 , f . 238

R y ton Wood

L apwo r th

R ugby e R y ton -s eB u lk ing ton R y ton -on -Dunsmore a i s iamen t i sn emor i sm e i ? = in n emor ed eR u ton/Ru i tun

1 231-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 951A ,r o t3 d

? =boscumf or insecum

1 279 , HR ,p .1 5 1

? =bo scum d eR uy tone

1 335 , W .C .R .O . , CR350 /3

S a lford b o scum i p s iu sp r ior i sd eS a lf ord

1 237 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , V o l . XV , n o . 3 6 l

? =bo sco d e W o luedone

1 270 -7 1 , P .R .O . , E 32 /229 , r o t s2 r ,4 d

T he w ood o f Wo lvedon s em st oh ave b een e

= bo scum s uum d e W o luedon

n . d . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .c l xxx i

d i v ided i n to c opp ice sb yt h e l a te s i x teen th

= the s a id W od ey ca led W o luendon l

1 433 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .c l xx

c en tury -s eb e low e

O ld C lo se C opp ice ;

1 580 f o r 1 576 , B .R .L . , 1 67 ,733

e nc lo sed t o ge the rw i th ah edge a nd c on ta in ing

l R ough H i lC opp ice ;

1 34 a c re s ,t h e se w ood sb e longed t oK en i lwor th

t C o ld ep i te sC opp ice

A bbey ( f o rme r ly P r io ry ) ; f r om t h el o ca t ion o f l R ough H i l ,t h e se w ood sm a tched t h es i t eo f Wo lvedon

s e sar to d eB iu in tone sg raue

n . d . , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .7 7 ;

B .L . , A dd . MS .

p r e sumab ly i n (Wood )B ev ing ton , b e long ing t o

i i i i 4 7 ,677 , f .c l x i , c l xx i

K en i lwo r th P r iory

= ?Barne G rov e

1 580 , B .R .L . 1 67 ,733

f o rme r ly o fK en i lwo r th A bbey

P ike r sa l e C opp ice

1 580 , B .R .L . 1 67 ,733

f o rme r ly o fK en i lwo r th A bbey

B u ry C opp ice

1 531 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 17 /293

l b e long ing t oS t . J ohn 's C o lege

q ua tuor a c r i sb o sc i . . in A bbo t

1 3 14 , P .R .O . , C P 2 5 / 1/245 /42

S a ldf ord se s e xa cr i sb o sc i &b rus t i

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 968 ,r o t 1 3d

i nA bbo t 's S a lf o rd ( a sd i s t inc tf r om S a lf o rd P r io r s )

S ambourne i nb o sco d eS aundburn

1 231-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 951A ,r o t2 r

= in s i lu i sd eS omburn

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t4 9 r

= bo sco s uo d es unburn

1 280 ,P .R .O . , E 32 /231 , r o t 1 d

l o ft h eA bbo to fE ve sham , ? =Rough H i l Wood

l b oscum v oca tum R ougheh i l

1 574 , S .B .T . , DR S /2368

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h ep r e sen t

. c op ic ie . v oca te h i cock s

1 480 , S .B .T . , DRS /2358

l h e ld b yJ ohanna mu lewa rd

= copec iam t e nemen t is u i v oca tam

1 482 , S .B .T . , DRS /2358

( s ee b e low ) l R ough H i l Wood

h i cock sa l ia s W he ler s 1 480 , S .B .T . , DRS /2358

h e ld b yE dwa rd h ubawde

c opec iam a pud A damsf or long e

1 480 , S .B .T . , DRS /2358

? i nN ew land i n1 5 15 /6 , S .B .T . , DRS /2360

l c opec ie s ue a pud p ighe li n

1 490 , S .B .T . , DRS /2358

h e ld b yT homa s Mo rgan

c opec iam

l P u l e sor e ? =P i l so r sw ood

1 574 , S .B .T . , DRS /2368

l n ex tt oR ough H i l Wood

c opec ie i nl e New lond

1 489 , S .B .T . , DRS /2360

h e ld b yA gne s B u r s tan

. c opec ie . a pud l eN ew lond & l e

1 490 , S .B .T . , DRS /2358

h e ld b yB eche

1 502 , S .B .T . , DRS /2360

h e ld b yT homa sB eche

T homef e ld = copec iam s uam a pud h e th lane e nde i nl e New lond ' 2 35

1

1 5 11 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2360

h e ld b yJ ohanna T ay lo r

c opec iam i nh yckf idd s

1 5 12 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2360

h e ld b yJ ohn R obyn s ; ? i nN ew land i n1 5 15 -6 ,

. a l c opec iam. pud D uns ta lhey

1 5 12 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2360

h e ld b yR icha rd B a rke r

c opec iam i u x ta t e nemen tum

1 5 12 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2360

t e nemen tb e longed t oT homa s S pack

c opec ias v oca ta s T oms. f i ld '

1 5 12 , 1 5 14 , S .B .T . , DR5 /2360

l h e ld b yW i l iam a nd E l izabe th S hyng le r

i ld sc opy s c opec iam v oca tam p arke.f

1 5 13 , S .B .T . , DRS /236 1

l h e ld b yW i l iam S ty le

c opec iam s uam

1 5 13 , S .B .T . , DR5 /236 1

l h e ld b yW i l iam S a le

c opec iam i np as tura v oca ta se B rod ec los

S .B .T . , DR5 /2360

N ew lond 'C opp ice . = copec iam i nT omsf e ld . c opec iam i nN ew lande

S eck ing ton ( i nc lud ing K ing 's N ew ton ) . .in K i nB o sco. yng e sN eu ton

1 26 1-2 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t 8 r

b e long ing t oT homa so fE den so ra nd H ugh d e

? =med ie tas c u iusdam b o sc i

1 285 , PR O . , C1 33 /4 1/5

i nK ing 's N ew ton , o fT homa sd e E nde so r e

1 285 , PR O . , C1 33 /4 1/6

l i nK ing 's N ew ton , o fP h i l ip d e Me igny l

b o scum

1 346 , B .R .L . ,4 31 , 125

o fJ ohn H aumond , n ea rt ot h er i ve rC o le a nd

B r iya te swode

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

p a s tu r e

B o rya te W od e

fs 1 443 -4 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /270

l ? i n C o le sh i l , ? =Br iya te swod ea bove

l Meyn i l f or insec i ? =qu idam b oscu s S he ldon ( i nc lud ing L yndon )

t h e l o rd 's w a s te

fs 1 464 -5 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /274 b or iya te swode

1 455 -6 , B .R .L . , 1 68 ,236

l y ndonnewode

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

G e rard sg rove

fs 1 437 -8 , S taf . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

t h el y ne o u twood

1 567 , B .R .L . ,4 31 , 160

l w ood c a led t h el ad ie w ood

1 567 ,B .R .L . ,4 31 , 160

p a s tu re n ea rP oo le f i e ld i nL yndon i nL yndon , n ea r T a i l er sm o re ,m a sons l a nd a nd t h el y ne o u twood

S herbourne S h i l ton S hrew ley i nb o sco d eS crave le ia

,R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s ,n o . 6 14 150

c o mmon p a s tu re t h e re

= bo scum d eS chr eue leye

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , BD ,b ox 1 60

b y l ek yng e sf e ld

? =va s tum d eS c reue leye

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , BD , b ox 1 60

b yl ek yng e sf e ld

b osco q u iv oca tur l eF r i th

1 206 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , V o l . I V ,p .2 28 l

c on ta ined 1 2 a c re sb yt h ep e r ch o fw ood ( p er t icam b osc i )

d uo sc l ausos b osc i

1 316 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /47 / 14

g raua

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , 1 3 17 , BD ,b ox 1 60

a soc ia ted w i th k yng e sf e ld s

F y ly lod eg roue

1 433 , BD ,b ox 1 60

b y W e lmoref e ld a nd C ow zmor ef e ld

S hrew ley g roue

1 594 , BD , b ox 1 60

7a c re si n1 627 , BD ,b ox 1 38

? c .1231-48 , W .C .R .O . , Z 551/4 (Sm . ) ; n . d . ,

o fW i l iam d e E seby l s

S huckburgh S hu s toke b o scum m eum /bosco m eo

1 3 th C . , B .R .L . , K een 5 4 , PR O . , E4 0 /9877 ? =Bo scum d eS cus tok

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .R .L . , K een 5 4 p r e sumab ly r e f er o an ea rby g rove ring t

l aC oppedeg ravef or long

1 329 -30 ,B .R .L . ,K een 5 4

B rog rave

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .R .L . ,K een 5 4

? in b o sco d eb rogg raue

n . d . ( c .1300 ) , Me reva le MSS . , n o s . 1 326 , 1 37 1

2 36

b yt h ef i e ld o fB ly the a nd t h ep a rk o fS hu s toke

S hut ton ting i nb o sco d eS hy tyng ton

1 285 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 958 , r o t3 1d

A uko te W od e

fs 1 366 , S t af . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/23 /4

? =A lve co te w ood e

1 578 -9 , P .R .O . , L R2 / 185

t ? =A lveco te W ood s[ and ]A lveco t

1 fs 7 18 , S t af . R .O . , D 948 /4 /4 / 19

d i v ided i n to t wo c opp ice s a nd " t he g r ea te w oode "

S pr ingwood

t h eS pr ingwood m ay b et h e S pr ing C opp ice o n t h ef i r s te d i t ion o ft h eo ne inch 0 .S m ap

l C opne lw ood e

1 578 -9 , P .R .O . , LR 2 / 185

l ? =C opne lC opp ice

fs 1 7 18 , S t af . R .O . , D 948 /4 /4 / 19

1 00 a c r e s

ter S n it f ie ld l l C o ldwe lhu l

1 306 , G ove r , Mawe ra nd S t en ton ,P lace -Name s

aw ood

o fW arw ick sh ire ,p .2 24 T he B u she s

e f o rt h em ed ieva l p e r iod s et e x t

1 560 , S .B .T . , DR38 / 1435 -6

l S o l ihu l B osco d e lL ee

c . 1270 -95 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2337

l eR ouwode

1 331 , P .R .O . , C1 46 /996

l p a r t sw e r e l a te rc a led P ayne s l a nd , W .C .R .O . ,

l ? =one w ood c a led R owe w oode

1 60 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 16

CR 1998 /box72 a nd S .B .T . , DR37 /26 13 , H a rpe r sL and , S .B .T . , DR473 /4 ,B ruckf e i lde s , W .C .R .O . , CR299 /286

C o l emor e swod l

1 349 , P .R .O . , C1 46 /2960

c l au so b o sco

1 268 -98 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 147

o fS i rN icho la sd eO dd inge se l ,n ea rt ot h e w a s te o fT anwo r th a nd L ong ley h ea th

? = l ec l o s

3 10 , P .R .O . , E 326 /3642 1

o fF o r shaw , b yt h ee a r l o f Wa rw ick 's w ood ( i n T anwo r th )

? =C los ood se w

1 580 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1420

n ex tt oP e r t G reve si nT anwor th

? =C lowe s W ood

1 632 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /9424

i nt h e mano ro fF o r shaw ,b yt h eb ounda ry o f l l S o l ihu ln ex tt oN ew F a l inge Wood i n T anwor th

l S o l ihu l W ood s

1 495 , B .R .L . , 4 27 ,740

l ? =S o lyhu l W ood

1 595 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 7 2

o ppo s i te Y a rd ley Wood s

l = So lyhu lw ood

1 60 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 16

4 00 a c re s

l l = one c ommon c a led S o lyhu lw ood

1 606 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /box 16

4 00 a c re s

w ood o fL ongdon

c . 1155 ,D ugda le , V o l . I ,p .9 50

t ? =wa s tw ood o ft h ea bbo te o f

? 1500 o r 1 524 , P .R .O . , R eq . 2 / 4 /36 1

w e s tm ins te rl y ing n ye t o

L ongdon w a sp a r to fK now le mano r ,h e ld b y We s tm in s te rA bbey

. .H ynewode S ow thay ec um G rova a d iacen te

1 431-7 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 6

e l i nL ongdon , s ef i e ld sc a led C opp ice b y

? =S ow they a l ia sS ow they C opp ice

1 540 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2557

S ou thay i nt h et ihe a wa rd

r t e ra s ,p ra ta , g rauas v oca ta

1 4 12 , BD

e l i nL ongdon -s e f i e ld sc a led C op R idd ing i n t h et ihe a wa rd

c opperedyng l d epewa lg rove

1 44 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 09 /6

l = depewa lg rowe

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /30

Heyngg e sg roue

n . d . ,7 15 th C . , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 16

t l r yng ? a ta ched t ol a nd sc a led H er si nO l ton

b o sco v oca to [ ] ard e sg roue

1 368 , P .R .O . , C1 46 / 10 192

l t n ea rl eW h i tef e ld , l e a sed b yW i l iam a te

? =C hur chyard e C opp ice

1 585 , B .R .L . , 3 24 , 10 1

C h i rcheya rd ; m anu sc r ip ti s to rn

e S ongar -s eC laverdon S ou tham

2 37

l t e a s to fS he ley G reen , b yf l ouddeya t sf ey ld e

S owe t o c iu sb osc i

1 200 , P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/242 /3

? =bosco d eS owe

1 203 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , V o l . I ,p .2 78 l

d i spu ted b e tween d eL oge sf am i ly a nd t h eP r io r

? =bosc if or insec i

HR ,p p . 1 4 1 , 1 43

d i v ided b e tween t h eP r io ra nd R icha rd d e

? =d eb osco n o s t ro d eS owe

n . d . , C .R .O . , BA /B /A /94 / 1

? =a b osco q u i v oca tur S chor twode

n . d . , ? l a te 1 3 th C . , C .R .O . , BA /H /H /344 /2

= ab o sco q u iv oca tur S chor twod

4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .5 7 r 1

= Sowe W oodewas tq uod n os

4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .5 4v 1

o fC oven t ry L oge s

v ocamus S chor twod W ard e sg rove

c . 1250 , C .R .O . , BA /B /A /93 / 1

b o sco d i c hid om in i l em oubray q u i

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 02 r

n ex tt oE a r l swood

g raua

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .5 8 r

a nnexed t oH awke sbury mano r

? =G rove v oca te . Hawke sbury .

1 538 -9 , P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen VI 737 I I/ 3

v oca tur R andu lne smore

g rove =H awke sbur yG rove

1 58 1 , C .R .O . , BA /A /A /2 /2

b y C a l vecrof te

=H auxbury G rove

c . 1600 , S .B .T . , DR9 1/2

n ea rA lde rman ' sG r een

g roua

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .4 5v , 1 99v

i nA toxha le , p a r to fE rney sp lace t

=G rove

1 538 -9 , P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen VI 737 I I/ 3

d uo g rouae s imu la d iacen te s

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .5 8v

b e long ing t oB ago tp lace n ex tt oE rne sp lace

g rauam

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .4 6 r

i nl eW odend , g i ven t ot h eP r io ry b yW i l iam l B ago to rW i l iam S u ive t l

W o ld eg roue

1 4 11 ,P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .5 7 r

G raua

1 422 , C .R .O . , BA /B /A /99 / 14

a o at e nemen to fT homa sl a nghu r s t tached t

n . d . , c . 1238 ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /CC2

Mo rg rove sC opp ice a ppea r st oh ave b ecom e

S perna l l o tum B o scum m eum d eS pernouera t

t h e modem Mo rgon sC opp ice , s eW .C .R .O . , e

c um p er t inen t i ss i cc l ausum e s t i q uod v oca tur L e so ue re sE tl a

CR 1998 /20 / 1 a nd 2

m er eg raue

T he f i e ld -name N owe r s ,a d jo in ing S pe rna l l

? =mor rove c opy se rg

1 549 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /DD2

P a rk (W .C .R .O . , CR 1094 ) may r e co rd t h e

=M oreg rove

1 589 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box43

l o ca t ion o fL e so uer e s

c opp ie swoode c a led n unwood e l

1 542 , P .R .O . , E 318 / 10 /446

o ft h e P r io ry o fC okeh i l , 1 5 a c re s l

? =N un C opp ice o rN unwood

1 7 16 , S .B .T . , DRS / 1255

9 0a c re s( c on t ra s ted w i th 2 5 c . 1695 , s em ap i n e

h e lwood

1 549 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /DD2

d e sc r ibed a s ac l o se o fw ood

1 4 18 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /7 10 -3

b yl eH eye ,H ey lane a nd l e Ha lef e ld e , f o rme r ly l

W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /M 15 )

S t iv icha l l G rovam [ c a led ] Mer tone sG rove & l

h e ld b yE dmund H o rde a nd J ohn Me r ton

E dmundus G rov e i p ar uo g roue to t

1 425 ,P .R .O . , S C 1 2 / 16 /45

h e ld w i th t h eH e thmy lne

? =par vo g rove to v oca to l eh a le t

1 429 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2436b

d i to t

? =he thmy lg rov e

1 480 -2 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2474

= una G raua v oca to h e thmy lg rove l

1 488 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2484

? =M i lneg rove

1 498 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /738

? =H ingo ld sg rove

1 556 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /780

b e tween H e themy lne a nd a no the rm i l l

d eb o sco S tan le ie

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , B .L . ,H a r ley 3 650 , f .6

a sa r t st h e r e s

b ru i lum d e W e the le l

1 204 ,S LB , p p . 2 3 -4

s epa ra te f r om t h eb oscum o f We the le ( s ee

S tone le igh

1 244 -5 , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 6 18

b e low )

b o scum d e W e the le

1 290 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/705

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st o Wave r ley Wood

b o sco d eB rad ley

1 377 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/698

? =f ie ld sc a led B rad ley i n1 597 ( W .C .R .O . , l ,Z 324 (Sm ) )

g raua

c . 1175 1224 , B .L . ,A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .c xxx ix 2 38

b yS pro tochf ord i nS ta re ton t

i nb ru i lo d eE ache le s l

c . 1155 ,S LB ,p p . 1 5 -6

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st ot h e E che l s Wood l

? =boscum q u id i c i tur E ache le s

n . d . , S LB ,p .1 5

o f1 597 (W .C .R .O . ,Z 324 (Sm ) ,t h es i t eo ft h e )

?E che l sw ood e l

1 556 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 /24 / 109

mode rn N a t iona l Ag r icu l tu ra l C en t r e

E y r e sg rove

n . d . , p r e 1392 ,S LB , p .1 26

? nea rt h eA von a nd E che ls Wood l

l o cu sn emorosus

1 204 ,S LB ,p .2 4

a tB u ty s ted ei nC ryf ie ld

? =bosco d eB ur y s ted e

n . d . ,p r e I392 ,S LB , p .2 20

W e s twod e

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/831

= bo sco s uo d e W e s twod '

1 250 , C a lendar o fC lo se R o l s , 1 247 -51 , p . 39 l

i nt h en or th -we s to ft h ep a r ish

1 279 , HR ,p p . 6 6 , 7 3 1 290 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/705

o ne o ft h r ee c ommon w ood s

p ar tem b osc iq u i v oca tur C ra te l ' t

c . 122 1-50 ,F ormu lar e ,n o . 6 84

a d jo in ing O dybam Wood i nK en i lwo r th

= bo sco n os tro d e C ra te ley

1 235 -58 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/926

=C ra te le t

1 3 th C . , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .7 6

=C ra t te le

1 279 , HR ,p p . 6 6 , 7 3

D o l e l

1 3 th C . , B .L . ,H a r ley 3 650 , f .7 6

=W e s twod e = bo scum d e W e s twod e

=Do l le i nb osco d eD a le l

o ne o ft h ree c ommon w ood s

1 279 , HR , p p . 6 6 , 7 3

o ne o ft h ree c o mmon w ood s

1 27 1 ,S LB ,p .3 9

= bo scum d eD a le l

1 277 ,S LB , p .4 2

= bo scum d eD au ley

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S .B .T , DR 10 / 10 17

b yC an ley

A rme le

1 3 th C . , B .L . , H a r ley 3 650 , f .7 6

p annage a nd h e rbage t h e re , s op r e sumab ly a

v a s t in o s tr ii nk i ngeswod e

c . 1293 1310 , PR O . , E2 10 /8066

o nt h er oad f r om B e rk swe l t oC oven t ry , ? =a rea l

= va s to q uod d i c i tur K ing e swod

1 326 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/696

l l e b e tween T i le H i l a nd A le s ley B rook , s em ap

i nn emore d eF lychams ted e

c . 1130 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .ccx l i

g ran tf o r ah e rm i tage t h e re

g rova q uodam N icho la i Ma lyn

n . d . , p r e 1392 ,S LB ,p .2 07

i nF l e tcham s tead

g rov e

1 468 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1189

b yH e thsa l e , G uph i lf ur the a nd W habur l ey l

w ood

o f1 767 , c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 142 (L )

i nb o sco. u i v oca tur l al e . q e

1 270 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/838

i nC an ley

G raua

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/850

p a r to f ah o ld ing i nC an ley

s chor twod e

n . d . , c . 1285 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/847

i nC an ley

g rauam m onachorum

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , PR O . , E 210 /20 1

i nH u r s t

? =T he G roue

1 597 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 324 (Sm )

i nH u r s t

l B ord e l

1 387 , PR O . , E 326 /3958

aw ood n ea rt h er oad f r om K en i lwo r th t o

1 600 , W .C .R .O . , CR56 1/2 ; 1 639 , S .B .T . ,

l We s twood , ? =t h ep r e sen tB roadwe l s Wood

l l ? =one w ood c a led B ard e l s

DR I8 / 10 /27 / 1 g rov e ta

n . d . ,p r e 1392 ,S LB ,p .2 14

t a tB a tere swas ti nH u r s t

H e lwen in i nB oscho

n . d . , c . 1235 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1079

l ? by t h ew ood o fA rme ley o rD a le ? =Uppe rG rove b y Wa inbody Wood

? =H ar lewyng rove

n . d . ,p r e 1392 ,S LB ,p .2 17

l b o sc 'd e T ase lhu le

n . d . ,p r e 1392 ,S LB ,p .1 63

i nC ry f ie ld , ? by t h ep r e sen tT oc i l Wood

l l ? =T ow sa l W ood a l ias T ow sa l

1 6 15 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 10 /4 1/3

t ( Po te r s F i e ld C opp ice i n1 767 -W .C .R .O . ,

G rov e p arco d eC ru lef e ld s c i l ice tl e

Z 142 (L ) 1 307 , S LB ,p .1 27

Monke shay = par co v oca to Monke shay

n . d . ,p r e 1392 ,S LB , p .2 20

= he rbag 'b o sc iv oca t i Monk e s

c . 1538 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/733

e i nC ryf ie ld , s em ap o f1 767 , c opy i n

H eye s

W .C .R .O . ,Z 142 (L )

c l ausum b osc id e T hornha le

n . d . ,p r e 1392 ,S LB ,p .2 2 1

g raua b o sc iv oca ta l eC onynger

n . d . ,p r e 1392 ,S LB ,p .1 50

u na p arua G raua

1 438 , PR O . , S C2 / 207 /79

q uemdam C op ic ium a pud l eh ore

1 48 1 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 /24 / 17

i nC ryf ie ld b e long ing t oj akyard i nC ry f ie ld

n ok p e r sone s G rove

1 50 1 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 /24 /50

u na g roua . .a dp ar tem

1 499 ,B .L . , L an sdowne 2 00 , i f .l x iv lxv

o cc id en ta lem p ra t i v oca ta Ho lbrok e = un iu sg roue i a cen t i se x pane o cc id en ta l id eH o ldebrok em eade

1 544 , PR O . , E3 18 /4 / 106

? =H o lbrook eg rove 1 536 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 10 /55 /7

2 39

u na g rova e tu na p as tura c um

1 499 , B .L . , L an sdowne 2 00 , f .l x iv lxv

c er t i st e r i sa rab i l ibus v oca t i s r d i raun t s = un ius g roue . .c um c er t i st e r i s r

1 544 , PR O . , E 318 /4 / 106

a rab i l i sv oca t i sd y raun t s r ? =Durham T y s

1 535 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/972a

? =Derhams g rov e

1 597 , W .C .R .O . , Z 139 /2 (U )

u na a c ra a l ne t i

1 346 , PR O . , E 210 /8333

i nF inham

t wo g rove s

t .H en ry I ,S LB , p .1 2 1

i nF ynbu rghe

? =Co le h anche g roue . F ynburye .

1 544 , PR O . , E 318 /23 / 128 1

i nS t one le igh G range

c . 1538 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/733

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h ep r e sen t

g roue h erbag 'b osc iv oca t iR ough K no l s l

R ough K now le s Wood g roua v oca ta J o le t s t

c . 1538 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/733

? =M i lbourne G roue

1 597 ,W .C .R .O . , Z 139 /2 (U )

i nM i lburn

i nc l ausura v oca ta G r ime sw odd

1 535 , PR O . , S C 1 2 /3 /35

i nM i lburn G range , l o ca ted b yG r eg P oo le

=Gr yme swod

c . 1538 , 1 559 , 1 578 , S .B .T , DR 18 / 1/733 , 1 06 1 ,

G rove i n1 597 , W .C .R .O . , Z 139 / 1(U )

1 070 C annock sg rove

1 5 11 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /3 /47 /47

H e lynhu lG rove

1 529 , S .B .T , DR 10 / 1194

D an ie lG rov e l

1 529 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1194

g rove i n Emyng & S l oberd e s

1 536 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/970

? =S lowe B eard sg rove

1 597 , W .C .R .O . , Z 139 /2 (U )

L aw /e sg rov e

1 562 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 /24 / 128

b yH e lynhu l G range c . 1542 , S .B .T , l DR 10 / 1468

= Law le sg rov e

1 597 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 139 / 1(U )

K yng sg rove

1 546 , S .B .T . , DR I0 / 764

B awd ewyns G rove

1 522 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /997

S tra t ford -upon -Avon G rava , C lop toneg rove ? =a c er ten G rove c a led C lop ton l

1 280 , S .B .T . , ER3 /235 / I-6 ; 1 272 1307 ,

? p la ce -name , ? a l so w ood -name , o nt h e

S .B .T . , E R3 /236 -8 , 2 40

b ounda ry w i th S n i te rf ie ld i n1 439 , S .B .T . , t

1 604 , S .B .T . , DR I5 0 /2 / 1

DR 10 /2429 , m ay h ave b ecom eP a rk Wood i n

G rov e

C lop ton

i nB o sco d eB i schope ton s

1 231-2 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 951A ,r o t9 d

= in b osco d eB i sope s ton s

1 233 , C ur ia R eg i sR o l s , V o l . XV , n o .I2 l

? = l eg roue

1 4 13 -4 , W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/ 14

i nB i shop ton ,p roduc ing w ood

x la cr e so fw od e

1 5 14 , S .B .T . , P 54 / 14

i nR u in C l if rd fo

1 285 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 958 ,r o t l r

i nS t re ton s uper D unne smor = ?pa r to ft h e t

S tret a skerv i le ton B l S tret n D un smore ton o v i g in t i &q ua tuor a cr i sb osc i& B rue r i

e i gh teen th -cen tu ry S t re ton Wood a l ia s t B u rn thu r s t , m ap s , W .C .R .O . ,Z 4 14 (U ) , Z 8 /22

S tret n F os ton o se v i rgu l to W i l ie lm if i l iR ober t id e l i

n . d . ,P .R .O . , E 326 /4812

F o rt h en oun v i rgu l tum i nr e la t ion t ow ood land

S t ra ton t

s eC hap te rO ne . I nt h is c a se t h en oun v i rga ta , e v i rga te , a ppea r si nt h e s ame d eed , i mp ly ing a d i s t inc t ion b e tween t h et wo .

S tud ley n emu sd eH a ia

1 20 1 , S .B .T . , ER 1/6 1/ 19

n emus R obe r t if l i W i l ie lm i i i l

1 20 1 , S .B .T . , ER 1/6 1/ 19

b o sco d e G orco ta

n . d . , S .B .T . , ER 1/6 1/26

i nO ld G o rco te , b yG rea tA lne

= bosco d eg orgo ta

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , BD

a dg ros l nam s am a

2 40

L ad yg rove

1 374 -5 , S .B .T . , ER 1/6 1/26

= Lad ig roue

1 375 , BD ; n . d . , PR O . , E4 0 /9 136

a l de rw ood p ar cus

i n af i e ld i nG o rco tc a led l e H ayf e ld l

1 328 f o r l2 th C . , C a lendar o fC har ter R o l s , l

b e tween S t re tf ord a nd W a sf ord , ? =S tud ley

1 327 -41 , p p . 6 0 1

A lde r s i n1 820 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1094

1 296 , PR O . , C1 33 /76 /4

= bo scus v oca tu sS tood leypark

1 4 19 -20 ,M . MSS . , M i M 1 24

o tum d im id ium b osc id e t

1 369 , PR O . , E4 1/375

a cqu i red b y P e te rd e Mon tf or tf r om P e te r

Mappe lbarowe

C o rby son i nS t ud ley

i nb o sco .qu iv oca tur G orco temor . . .

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , BD

b e long ing t oP e te rd e Wo lua rd in ton

G raung ecumb W ood

1 560 , B .R .L . , 1 67 ,486 -7

i nS k i l t sP a rk , B .R .L . , 1 67 ,405 , 1 67 ,446

S ut o ld f ie ld ton C u num p arcum & u nam l i beram

a n te 153 , Dugda l e ,V o l . I ,p p . 9 09 10

H ayam i nd ef ens ione ? =qu idam p arcu si n c lusus

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /49 , 5 1

i nB o sco d eS u ton t

c . 1237 , B .R .L . , 3 48 ,039

? =I nN e r nor em eo d eS u ton a dL a t

a n te 1 242 , B .R .L . , 3 48 ,037

? by modem W i thy H i l l

1 298 , PR O . , C1 33 /86 / 1

c on ta ined f i f ty a c re s a soc ia ted w i th t h ep a rk s

W i themore q u idam b o scu sq u iv oca tur L aL ee = bo sco s eparab i le q u iv oca tur L a L ee

1 3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /51

f o r insec ib o sc i

1 3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /49 , 5 1

h u lewod e l

1 313 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .1 03

p r e sumab ly m a rked b yt h em odem p l a ce -name

= bo scum d eH u lewode l

1 480 ,M in i s te r s 'A ccoun t s ,p .3 2

H i l Wood i nt h en o r th o ft h ep a r ish ,b yH i l l l

= in b o sco d om in ii nh i lwood l

1 5 18 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 34 /20

V i lage l

c l au sum v oca tum S ideha leheye

1 3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /49

? ma rked b yt h e modem p l a ce -nam e S igna l

? =cop ic 'd eS yndenhamhey

1 480 ,M in i s ter s 'A ccoun t s ,p .3 5

H aye s i n Wa lm ley

? =copp ice c a l ed S ydna lh aye l l

1 58 1 , M . MSS . , M i D a8 7

3 0a c re s o fp a s tu re , l a nd , w ood , f u r ze a nd v e r t

b o scum v oca tum h aucke sne s t

1 334 , B .R .L . , 3 48 ,022

n ea rL ang ley , ? ma rked b yt h ef i e ld -name so n

? =cop ic 'd eH awkene s t

1 480 ,M in is te r s 'A ccoun t s , p .3 5

t h ee nc lo su re a wa rd ( W .C .R .O . , Q S75 / 111) n ea rR edd icap H ea th r a the rt h an n or th o f P edd imo rH a l l

b o sco d om in ia pud E che lhur s t

1 427 , M . MSS . , M iM 1 34 /9

? =eychy lhur s tc oppy s

1 5 19 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 34 /2 1

C ommon

= cop ic ia v oca ta E ch i lhur s te

1 58 1 , M . MSS . , M i D a8 7

n ea rE b roke

p r e sumab ly n ea rt h e modem E ache lhu r s t

b o sco d om in iv oca to h awke shur s t

1 427 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 34 /9

? i ne ro rf o rH awke sne s t r

L ynd r ich C op ie s

1 480 ,M in i s te r s 'A ccoun t s , p .3 7

p r e sumab ly n ea r L ind r idge R oad /Poo l

R edd ewey c oppe s

1 480 ,M in i s te r s 'A ccoun t s ,p .3 1

c opp ice c a l ed w y thenh i l l l

1 581 , M . MSS . , M i D a8 7

3 4a c re so fl a nd ,p a s tu re , f u rze a nd v e r t , p r e sumab ly b yW i thy H i l l

b o sc i ss u is d e[ C ruddewor th & ]

1 288 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .1 02

p r e sumab ly n ea rP edd imo rH a l a nd C u rdwo r th l

1 339 , S t af . R .O . , D 1287 /6 / 19 /53 fs

b yt h ef i e ld o fW yg inghu l( mode r n W igg in s l

P ed imor b o scum J ohann i s G ome lv oca tum

H i l ) a nd n o tf a rf r om t h eh i ghway b e tween l

G r eveok us ? =bo scum G a lf r id iG ame !

1 331 , S t af . R .O . , D 1287 /6 / 19 /54 fs

c op ic ium. oca tum R owmor e . v

1 504 -5 , PR O . , S C6 /Hen V I /865 I

u n iu sc op ic ii nH i lewod ev oca t i i l

1 507 -8 , PR O . , S C6 /Hen V I1345 I1

M inwor th a nd C u rdwor th

R ow l ee T achbrook p ar tem b osc im e iA c le c e

1-82 ,F ormu lar e ,p p . 2 45 -6 16

b yt h er oad l e ad ing t oB a rf o rd

b o scum d e O cc le

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , PR O . , E 315 /52 / 125

n ea rP l ey s towe

= boscum s uum q u iv oca tur O k l ie

1 296 132 1 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .6 3

p e rm is oi mpa rk sion t

= bosco d eO k e l e

1 360 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2593

= bo scum d om in id e O ke leye

1 364 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2597

=Ok e ley w oodd e

1 573 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1908 / 104 / 1 ,

b yt h er oad t oL ondon

CR 1908 / 105 / 1-3 =Oak ly W ood

1 7 10 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /M28

2 41

a pp rox ima t ing t ot h ep r e sen tw ood

l w ood c a led Mor ton C lo se

1 609 , S .B .T . , DR3 /528

w ood c a led W igg er land w ood a l ia s l

1 609 , S .B .T . , DR3 /528

Mer ton c l ose i n1 573 (W .C .R .O . , CR I9 08 / 105 /3 ) ,n ow p a r to fO ak ley Wood W ygg er lande C lose i n 1 573 ( W .C .R .O . , CR 1 908 / 105 /3 ) , p r e sumab ly r e la te st ot h em ode r n

W igg e r land c opp ice

W igge r land Wood l aL e G rove

n . d . , P .R .O . , E3 26 / 19 17

= la L ee G rov e

1 337 -8 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .5

= g rauam

1 4 15 , W .C .R .O . , CR26 /A /XV I

e b y l el ef e lde

= Leaf e i ld G rov e

1 596 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /7097

p a s tu re b y 1 596

t h eg rove

1 549 -50 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1908 /207

l i nT a chb rook Ma lory , b yB anf u r longe , ? =The G rove n or th o ft h e mano rh ou se o nm ap o f 1 7 10 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /M28

T amwor th t h et h i rd t owa rd s A lveco te , ?i n c lud ing t h el a te r

t e rc ia p ar st o t ius B osc id e Am in ton

1 2 14 , PR O . ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /9

= Bo scum

1 304 , PR O . ,J UST 1 / 965 , r o t I d

i nG r ea t Am ing ton , w i th c ommon p a s tu r e

? = in b osco m eo d e Amyn ton

1 3 19 , S t af fs . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/22 / 10

o fH enry d eB ray

b o scum d eS t r e tf ord lee

1 446 , B .R .L . ,N o r ton 6 7

? =Lea Wood P a rke , 1 673 , S .B .T . , DR76 /2 /2 1

F r i th Wood

a nd p a rk o f1 8 10 , c opy m ap i nW .C .R .O . , Z 2 12 /2 g i ven t oB ur ton A bbey b y Ma rge ry d e

b o sco n o s tro q uod v oca tur

1 28 11305 , C o l ec t ions for aH i s to ry o f l

K yng e swod e

f S taf ord sh ire , P a r tI ,V o l . V( 1 884 ) ,p .8 8

S tyve scha le

n . d . , B .R .L . ,4 80 ,682

l l b e long ing t oW i l iam d em eygn i l ,b y

? =va s to m eo d ek ynge swod

F ar leybroc a nd D epmor ? =K ing s W ood

1 793 , Y a te s ' sm ap o f Wa rw ick sh i re

a d jo in ing P o le swo r th n o r th o f Wa t l ing S t ree t

T anwor th in -Arden b osco m eo d e T anwor th

c . 1196 ,W .C .R .O . , DR I33 / 1

o ft h ee a r lo f Wa rw ick

r' = boscum C om i t i s W ar

1 3 11 , S .B .T . , DR37 /352

p re sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h em odem

= Le U r l eswod e

1 339 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /546

E a r lswood C ommon

i nb o sco v oca to E r l swod e

1 399 1400 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /box 1 07 /8

? =magnum N emu s

1 229 -c .1239 , S .B .T . , DR37 /64

? =bo scu sf or insecus

1 3 16 , PR O . , C1 34 /49 , 5 1

b yt h er oad t oC a lve s leya

n emu s

153 -84 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1

i n Monk spa th

b o scum d e C he sew ick

c . 1270 -80 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2 11

l b ym a l e lond a nd t h eh ea th

. q b o scum. u i v oca tur C a lvermor

c . 1300 10 , S .B .T . , DR37 /306

o fR icha rd d eF o lewode , b yP ynk emor a nd R uycrof t

m ed ium b osc i

1 332 , S .B .T . , DR37 /499

o fR oge rd eM idde lmo r ,b yl eh ey e

? =quadam p lacea b osc i

1 364 , S .B .T . , DR37 /702

o fE dmund d eM idde lmo r , b yl eh ey e

u nam p laceam b osc i

1 364 , S .B .T . , DR37 /702

g ran ted t oS imon Wa ryng , n ea rt h ep i ece o f

? =quodam b o sco

1 380 , S .B .T . , DR37 /756

h e ld b y S imon Wa ryng o fT homa sA rche r

p laceam b osc im e ii nm agno b o sco

1 345 , S .B .T . , DR37 /593

l o fW i l iam d eF o lwod

u no b osco v oca to l eS hawe

1 347 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /box 15

h e ld b yL e t i t ia a nd E dmund d eM idde lmo r , i n

l u nam p arce lam b osc i

1 368 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /720

3a c r e s , o ft h e M idde lmo rf am i ly

b oscum H enr ic is imonde s

1 368 , S .B .T . , DR37 /720

b yt h ew ood o fJ ohn d eF o lewode a nd t h er o ad

ab o sco J ohann i sd eF o lewode

1 368 , S .B .T . , DR37 /720

w ood o fE dmund d e M idde lmo ra nd l eH ey e

. v m eo i nT onewor th q ue. oca tur l e h eyeho l t Monk spa th

t oF oschawe b yt h ew ood o fH enry s imonde s a nd t h er o ad t o F o schawe si . u na p lacea b os .v oca ta

1 388 , S .B .T . , DR37 /785

b yt h ew ood o fJ ohn d eF o luwode a nd t h er o ad

1 380 -81 , 1 389 -90 , 1 399 1400 , 1 4 12 -3 , S .B .T . ,

s w ood e t c . s o ld t h e re , p r e sumab ly C oun tes

DR 37 /box 1 07 /2 ,4 ,8 ,2 5

C opp ice o ft h et ihe a wa rd , W .C .R .O . ,

t oF o schawe

B er ef ord ewod e C on te sc los

CR328 /53

2 42

b o scum . v oca tum l e .

1 375 , S .B .T . , DR /box 8 2 , m . 3

o fW i l iam d eC a te sby l

b oscum v oca tum B i rchenehur s t

1 375 , S .B .T . , DR /box 8 2 ,m . 3

o fW i l iam d e C a te sby l

i nW a t lond i nb osco d om in i

1 38 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 09 /2s )

? =a W od ec a led W a t land l

1 44 1 , S .B .T . , ER 1/ 1/ 13

N ewenehewene

1 377 -8 , 1 385 -6 , 1 389 -90 , 1 399 1400 , S .B .T . ,

p r e sumab ly c or re spond st ot h el a t e rN ewf a l ing l

DR37 /box 1 07 / 1 , 3 ,4 ,8

C opp ice -s et i t he a wa rd , W .C .R .O . , e

=N ewef a l ing l

1 4 18 -9 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 108 /31

CR328 /53

= par ce la b o sc iv oca ta l

1 4 19 -20 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 08 /32

N ewef a l yng e l

N ew ef a l yng l =N ewef a lyng e l

1 429 -30 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 08 /4 1

b oscum c om i t i s W ar oca tum l e r' v

1 452 , S .B .T . , DR37 /956

b yR ud e scrof te s ,R owecrof t sa nd R o se land

t h eg r e t ew ode

1 448 , S .B .T . , DR37 /949

o ft h eF u lwood s

? =F u lwod s W ood e

1 495 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1057

ag r ea tw ood b yt h em ano ro fF u lwode

2 00 a c r e so fw ood i nL eL ee

1 495 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1031

L u t l e sg rovehe i

c . 1200 10 , S .B .T . , DR37 /24

S arehur s t

i nt h ea r ea o ft h e c ommon f i e ld sn o r th -ea s to f t h ep r e sen tv i lage l

L aB o ted eg rave t

c . 12 10 1220 , S .B .T . , DR37 /35

b ys t ok imed ea nd c oc su tef ord

L a G rav eB odde

c . 1229 -c .1239 , S .B .T . , DR37 /55

b yB ud lond o n t h en or th -we s te dge o ft h e

? =g rov e

1 342 , S .B .T . , DR37 /580

i nB odde lond

g raua

c . 1270 -80 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 185

b ough to fS imon d e Manece s t re

p ar vam g rauam R icard id el a

c . 1270 -80 , S .B .T . , DR 37 / 185

a d ja cen tt ot h eg raua a bove

c ommon f i e ld s

s ponne ? =sponne g rove

1 44 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 109 /6

? = too g rove sc au ld es pon g rove

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /30

g rauam R icard id el ac oppe

c . 1270 -80 , S .B .T . , DR 37 / 19 1

? =g rov ei nc oppef e ld

1 422 , S .B .T . , DR37 /877

g rav e . iux ta b o scum R icard id e . .

c . 1300 10 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /306

p e rhap s i n c luded t h eg rove b ough to fS imon d e Manece s t re

a l so n ea rP ynkemor a nd R uyc rof t

f o lewod eq ue v oca tur c a lv ermor ? = the G rove

i nC ow le sowe ,n ea rR icrof t , C a lv ermor e ,

1 448 , S .B .T . , DR37 /949

P ynkemor ec rof t , p a r to ft h eF u lwood s ' l a nd s g rauam H enr ic id eS yd enha le

c . 1300 , S .B .T . , DR37 /320

? =I l shawg rove ( s ee b e low )

q uadam c r ava [ s ic ]

1 309 , S .B .T . , DR37 /349

b yt h el a nd o fH en ry E ly sa nd t h er oad f r om B rown 's h ou se o fH auk e sawebroc , i e . i nn or th . e a s t

g ravam q ue v oca tur W a tmor

c . 1320 , S .B .T . , DR37 /407

q uadam g rava

1 32 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /4 15

e nf eof yR oge rl eR ede fed b

g rauam R eg ina ld id eB e rk e swe l l

1 326 , S .B .T . , DR37 /460

b e tween S t okyng a nd A pu l ton

i am g rauam q ue f u i tq uondam l

1 328 , S .B .T . , DR37 /466

J ohann i sG i lber t. um v i var io d e . c C he r leco te ? =C ha r l eco te g rowe t

1 497 -8 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 12

=a pp rox ima t ing t ot h e moder nC ha lco t Wood , s es ke tch map c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box e 7 4 /20

u nam g ravam q ue fuer i tJ ohann i s

1 348 -9 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 09 /3

a te b e r ne t ? =be rn sg rowe

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /20

n ea rC har leco te g rowe o nm ap t

u num c ampum c um g raua

1 329 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 09 /2e )

o fW i l iam l eA rche r l

u num c ampum c um g raua q ue

1 329 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 09 /2e )

v oca tur t a ppe g ' s b oscum v oca tum T y lhous g roue u na g raua & m ora. n . i

1 374 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 8 2 ,b e ing ac opy o f

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h em oder n

PR O . , E4 0 /66 10

T y le r sG rove

1 379 , S .B .T . , DR37 /775

b e tween C he sw ick a nd I l shaw

O ld ecrowunha l G rauam v oca tam W i l ingu sg rove l

l a nd c a led H ick e lond W i l ing w a si n l l

1 385 , S .B .T . , DR37 /77 1

F enshawe , S .B .T . , DR37 / 149

2 43

Y l shaweg roue s

1 390 , S .B .T . , DR37 /794

= I l shawg rove

1 483 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 102 1

W awmonde sg rove

1 395 -6 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 07 /6

g rouam v oca tam N ewef a lyng l

1 398 , S .B .T . , DR37 /822

u na g roua

1 398 , S .B .T . , DR37 /822

i nP u tf e ld , b yN ewef a lynge l

1 406 , S .B .T . , DR37 /838

b y C le rke s lond e ,B lakef e ld a nd t h er oad f r om

b e tween H auk e shawbrok e a nd I l shawebrok e a nd b e tween I l shawhe th a nd t h er i ve rB ly the e l sewhe re c a led s imp ly N ewf a lynge ( s ee l l a bove )

g rauam v oca tam T ey thberne

T anwor th c hu rch R ank eg rove

1 4 18 -9 , 1 420 1 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 08 / 31 , 3 4

l v a r iou s ly c a led ap a rce l o fw ood a nd ac opp ice

u na g roua v oca ta s ymkyns g roue

1 407 , S .B .T . , DR37 /840

b yS chepko tef e ld ; f r om i t sp o s i t ion i ti s

C o l insg raue

1 4 17 , S .B .T . , DR37 /864

. ? =g rove . s ome t ime o ne T homas

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR 37 /box 7 4 / 17

l n ea r am oo rc a led s wansd iche

d uobus g rou i s

1 4 17 , S .B .T . , DR37 /864

o ne o ft h et wo w a s C o l insg raue ( a bove )

F u lvord e sg rove

1 429 -30 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 1 08 /4 1

d uabus g rav i s

1 478 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 10 18

b yS t ockyng a nd B lakemor

B lakemore g rove

1 509 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1086

l b yP e ry l ,S t ockyng a nd H enf t lde ,p robab ly o ne

= ag rove o f bl akemore

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 16

o ft h ed uabu sg rav i sa bove

B erf ordg rove

1 484 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1026

p robab ly S hepco tr eg roue

l C o lyns

? =g rov ei nB arf ard s lond

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 16

ag rove c au ld a rcur sg revos

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 16

S hepco t r eg roue

1 473 , S .B .T . , DR37 /997

b yA pu l ton s euer la nd P yryhu l re l l

= scheppeco tg rov e t

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 16

b y W hey teddych , a ppu l ton s ev era l ! , t

n ea rb l ak emor e ,p y ryhy l , b anc rof t ,s t ockyng l a nd h emf e ld

w yg enha l ,p yr l ,s t ockyng ,h emf e ld l ryhy l ag rowe

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /30

b yh yf ey ld a nd C o tu lmoshe th t

al y tu lg rove t

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /30

b yt h en e thur p oo l l

a rche r sg rowe

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /30

ag rove b e tweyn t h eg re tp or teweye

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /30

a nd ag round o fb arbur rs ag rove o fm oor r sa nd a rcher rs

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /30

aw od ec a l ed W a t land l

1 44 1 , S .B .T . , ER 1/ 1/ 13

? =W a te londe g rove t

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 16

a soc ia ted w i th C har leco teg rove s t

g rova '

1 446 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /4

i nl eW od e lond

? =g rove c a lyd W od lond g rove l

1 502 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 107 1

ag rowe c au lde g oosf oo t

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /24

W yndmy lg rove l

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 17

a tt h ee nd o fp en c rof tus , s eG oo sef oo to n t i he e m ap

? =g rove i n W yndmy lnef idd e

1 520 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1100

ag rov e

c . 1500 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 / 17

K yn t londg rove

1 5 15 , S .B .T . , DR37 / 1090

ag rove a nd am edo c au lde g re ryns

1 506 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /29

S my thus p oo lw i th t h eg rove l

1 506 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /29

G rove v oca te m onk e spa thmore

1 446 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 4 /6

p r e sumab ly i n Monk spa th

q uodam b o sco q ue c on t ine t xa cra s

1 246 -7 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 952 , r o t4 d

c ommon p a s tu re t h e re , ? became t h eT horn ton

? =g rava d om in i

1 431 , W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/6

Wood o f1 765 , m ap i nW .C .R .O . , CR7 11

b ys p r ingwe l l a ne ,t h eb ound so fT anwo r th l a nd N u thu r s t , s t ap le ton s

T he l s ford s ee C har leco te T horn ton

T y soe -s ea l so We s tco te e v i rgu l to

n . d . , B .L . , C o t . R o l XI ,i t em 1 t l I I 6

f o rc o mmen t so nt h em ean ing o fv i rgu l tum s e e C hap te rO ne

2 44

.

U f ton w u luh tg raf l

1 00 1 ,S 989

o nt h eb ounda ry o fI t ch ing ton

? =quendam b o scum

1 279 , HR , p .1 58

o fC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry

? =sub p aruo b osco /s ub b osco /s ub

c . 1284 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .8 5 r

b osco T home d e W au ton ? =boscum

1 3 13 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 100 r

o fC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry

? =unu sb oscus

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 12 r

o fC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry

? =U f ton W ood

1 556 , B a l io l C o lege C . 1 .20 l l

U lenha l l l q uandam p ar tem N emor i sm e id e

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , B .L . , C o ton V e spa s ian E x x iv , f . t

g r an ted b yR obe r ts on o fN icho la s [ e a r l ] o f

O leha l e

4

S t af rd t oS tone P r iory ,b yB o t ley a nd fo i n c lud ing t h ree g r ea td i tche s( c um t r ibu s m agn i sf os t i s ) sa

v i rgu l to

n . d . ? l3 th C . , K ing 's C o lege , WO W /87 l

c onveyed w i th ac r of t ,m es nd o r to i n s uage a h u leha le , n ea rt h eh ea th o ft h el o rd o f Woo ton , t h auerug ea nd t h er oad g o ing t oT anwo r th

E y ly sg rove

1 565 , K ing 's C o lege , S 53 l

U p ton s ee H a se lor a nd R a t ley Wa l ton -s e We le sbourne e l Wappenbury B oscum d e W appenb ir '

1 208 -9 , P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/242 /8

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st ot h ep r e sen t

? in t h e W od eo fW appenbury . .

1 493 1500 , B .R .L . , K een 1 33

Wappenbury Wood

W appenbury W od e ? = the h ye w ood i nW apenbury

1 549 , A lcock , W arw ick sh ir eG raz ie ra nd L ondon S k inner ,p .1 78

Warm ing ton Warw ick -s ea l so Woodco te e q uodam b o scum . .q u iv oca tur

1 32 1 , P .R .O . , S C6 / 1040 /24

p a rk s ub sequen t ly much e n la rged , s eC hap te r e

p ar cu sd e W eg enok

T h ree

i nb o sco i p s ius R ober t ii nS t ok ehu l l

1 251 , P .R .O . , C P 2 5 / 1/244 /23

h e ld b yR obe r t l e Meg re

? -megurwod e

1 394 -5 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /474

d e sc r ibed a s ac opp ice , P .R .O . , E 164 /22 , f .3 29

= cop ic ium v oca tum m eg rewod e

1 425 -6 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /487

l i s t st e n so ft hou sand s o ff a ggo t s s o ld

? =M argarewood e

1 576 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /BB 185

x ia c ra sB osc ii nW ode lawe i

1 26 1-2 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t2 0 r

? =W od e loweg rove

1 398 -9 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /48 1

? =g roua /g rova

1 430 , W .C .R .O . , CR26 /W 16 17

i nm ano ro f Wood lowe

=G rovam d e W odd e lowe

1 458 , W .C .R .O . , CR26 /XXX I I

b yF ernyf e ld

t h el owe g rove

1 573 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /4849

a d jacen tt o Wedgnock P a rk

aG rove o rC opp ice o fw ood b yt h el oe l a ne , o b e long ing t oA n thony S tough ton ,w ho a cqu i r ed

? =M r . S t ough ton ' sg rove

1 658 , W .C .R .O . , CR26 / 1(2 )b und le B /27

t h e l a nd so fS t . J ohn ' sH o sp i ta l( VCH ,V o l .

g rova

1 422 -3 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /485

? =Gy c l yf rov e f G

1 483 , P .R .O . , DL 2 9 /643 / 10439

P r ior ' s G rove

1 546 , W .C .R .O . , CR26 / 1

D ame R oy se g rove

p o s t 1 425 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /22 , f .3 29

i n Wedgnock P a rk , S t . Ma ry 's p a r ish

l en ewewode

p o s t 1 425 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /22 , f .3 29

i n Wedgnock P a rk , S t . Ma ry 's p a r i sh

l eM eche lcop ice

1 425 -6 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /487

i n Wedgnock P a rk

v a le tv oca l 'K y lyngwor thhurne t

1 40 1-2 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /482

w ood s o ld t h e re i n1 40 1-2

w ood o f Fe rnh i l l

1 555 , P .R .O . , C1 47 /233

a d jo in ing Wedgnock P a rk

=wood sc a led F erneh i l l l

1 602 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /2584

VI .4 44 ) I I, p i nG ybbec lyf e , i e . G uy 's C l if . f af i e ld -name a mong s tf o rm e rl a nd so fS t . S epu lch re 's P r iory

Wa sper ton 2 45

Wa ter Or ton -s eA s ton e Wedd ing ton i nb o sco d e W e t ing ton

1 231-2 ,P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 951A , r o t6 r

p r e sumab ly r e la ted t ot h e Wedd ing ton Wood o f t h et ihe a wa rd , W .C .R .O . , CR569 /258

Wee th ley i nb osco d e W y lee

1 22 1 ,R o lo ft h eJ us t ice sI nE y re , p . 33 l

? = in b osco . .i nW y leg

1 26 1-2 ,P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t9 r

o fJ ohn d 'Ab i to t

? =qu inquag in ta a cr i sb o sc i

1 288 , P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 1278 ,r o t2 r

o fA lex d 'Ab i to t

? =W he the ley c opp ice

1 543 -4 ,P .R .O . , E 318 / 15 /683

f o rme r ly o fE ve sham A bbey

We l ford o n A von We le sbourne l g raua

c . 1190 -9 1 , W .C .R .O . , DR 19 11/ 17

? = in G raua d e W e leburne l

1 247 ,P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

? =g rava d e W e le sburn l

1 26 1-2 , M . MSS . , M i D3 933

? — in b osco d e W e l eburn l

1 285 ,P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 958 ,r o t3 8d

u na G raua v oca ta C had ley

1 469 -70 ,B .L . ,A dd . R o l4 4 ,559 l

u nde rwood f a rmed o u tt h e re

? =Ched l ey g rove

1 483 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /30 / 15 /4

p r e sumab ly n ea rt h em oder nC had ley F a rm

1 498 , C a s t le A shby MSS . N o . 5 79 ,c opy i n

T he w ood o n E dge H i l s ou th o fK ing J ohn 's l

W .C .R .O . ,M I 1 67 / 1

L ane i sc a led T he G rove l

g ran to fa n a c re o fw ood i nt h eg rove p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st op a r to ft h e moder n We le sbou rne Wood l

We s tco te ( i n T y soe ) l eb o sco d om in ii nW e s tco te ? = the g rove

n . d . , ? l5 th / 16 th C . , Magda len C o lege , l We s tco te 12

We s ton o n A von ( par to n ly -M i lco te ) We s ton b y C her ing ton We s ton u nder We ther ley n emu s. oscum . B

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , P .R .O . , E 326 /6029

? = in ter d uo sb oscos

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , P .R .O . , E 315 /44 /2 16

? =bo scum

1 279 , HR ,p .1 62

? =W e s ton W od e

a n te 1 392 ,S LB , p p . 1 02 , 2 48

b e long ing t oA rbu ry P r io ry

We ther ley -s eS tone le igh e Wha tco te Wh ichf ord 1 246 -7 , P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t2 2 r ; i b id . , C P

o fR eg ina ld d em oy 'am , p r e sumab ly

2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

a pp rox ima t ing t ot h ep r e sen t Wood

? = in b o sco d e W h ichf ord

1 247 ,B .L . , E ge r ton MS . 3 724 , f .6 3

o fR eg ina ld d e Mohun

? =bo scum s uum d e W ichef ord

1 251-2 , B .L . , E ger ton MS . 3 724 , f .8 0

R eg ina ld d e Mohun o b ta ined a g r eem en tt o

? =bo scum c l ausum

1 279 , HR ,p .2 97

o fJ ohn d e Moun

? =ad b o scum d e W h ichef ord

1 379 -80 ,G louce s te r sh i re R .O . , D I0 99 /M31/46

i nB o sco s uo d e W ichef ord

i mpa rk t h i sw ood

Wh i tacre d eB osco i nB osco d om in i

1 26 1-2 ,P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 954 ,r o t 1 4 r

i nN e the r Wh i ta c r e ,o fE g id iu ss on o fN icho la s

1 498 , W .C .R .O . , CR440 / 1

b e long ing t ot h eP r io ry o fS t . J ohn o fJ e ru sa lem

2 46

Wh i tchurch e ton Wawen Wh i t ley -s eC oven try a nd Woot Wh i tna sh l W ib tof ta nd Wi ley l e ton C Wigg in s H i l -s eS ut o ldf ie ld l l W i lenha l e x i tum b osc ip r ior i sd eC ou in tre i n

t l c . 1220 , B .L . , C o ton V i te l iu s Ai ,f . 165

a d jo in ing l a nd so fC oombe A bbey

r l t e r i tor io d e W i lenha l ? = in b o sco d e W y lenha l

l 1 22 1 ,R o lo ft h eJ us t ice si nE y re ,p .4 08

? =bo scum f or insecum

1 279 , HR ,p .1 2 1

o fC oven t ry C a thed ra l P r iory

? = in b o sco i p s ius p r ior i sd e

1 279 , HR ,p .1 2 1

t e nan t sh ad r e a sonab le e s tove r st h e r e

W y lenha le ? =bo sco d i c t iP r ior i sv i de l ice ti n

1 334 , B od le ian L ib ra ry , MS T op . Wa rk s . ,C 8

b osco d e W y lenha l l ? =w yne lw ood

t .E l izabe th , M . MSS . ,M i M 2 32

b y Woo lseye sh ea th a nd B randon

l Wi loughby Wi shaw q u idam b oscus f or insecu s

1 326 , PR O . , C1 34 / 102 /6

l b o scum d em oxhu l

n . d . , ? l3 th C . , M . MSS . , M i D4 300

r ? =de b o sco i nt e r i tor io d em oxhu l

1 253 , B .R .L . , 3 48 ,028

l Moxhu l Wood i nt h e W ishaw t i t he a wa rd

l ? =una p as tura v oca ta m o shu l

1 428 , W .C .R .O . , MR 1/Fo lde r 1

(W .C .R .O . , CR328 /58 )

l p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t of i e ld sc a led

w od e ? =moxhu lw od e l

1 505 , W .C .R .O . , MR 1/Fo lde r 1

ib oscus v oca tus fl ikmor e

n . d . , ? c .1500 , M . MSS . ,6 / 170 /73

u num b o scum d om in i v oca tum

n . d . , ? c .1500 , M . MSS . , 6 / 170 /73

s u rvey e ndo r sed W ishaw ,b u tm ay b ei nS u ton t C o ld f ie ld

B lacmor e W i thybrook W it eA s ton ton -s e W ixf ord -s e Over s ley e Wo lfhampco te Wo lf ord m ed ie ta tem t o t iu sb o sc i .N emor i s

1 225 , PR O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 / 13

m eadow w a sb e tween t h eg a te o ft h ew ood a nd

? = in q uodam b o sco d om in ii b idem

1 464 -5 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /274 fs

o ft h ee a r l o fS t af rd , i n Wo lf o rd Magna , fo

t h eo l dp oo l ( v ivar ium ) p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h ep r e sen t

v oca to W o lf ordwod =W o lf ordewode

1 504 -5 , PR O . , S C 6 /Hen V I /867 I

Wo l s ton Wo lver ton Wo lvey a l ne to

n . d . , 1 3 th C . , B .L . , C o ton V i te l iu s Ai ,f .8 , t l 9 2

? =par tem a l ne t i

n . d . , ? 13 th C . , L e ice s te r sh i re R .O . , DE2559 / 105

? =a lne tum

1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /269 fs 2 47

Wo lf o rd Wood

e Wood B ev ing ton -s eS a lf ord Woodco te u nam g rauam q ue e s ti n ter d uas

153 -84 ,W .C .R .O . , CR26 /A / I

W ud echo te s u num p ar uum G roue tum

1 4 12 , P .R .O . , E 326 /544 1

l i nO ve r Woodco te , f o rme r ly o fW i l iam P avy

? =una G rova v oca ta P avy sg rove

I 1 458 ,W .C .R .O . , CR26 /XXX I

i n Woodco te

. G rovam v oca tam B osewor thg rove .

I 1 458 ,W .C .R .O . , CR26 /XXX I

a nnexed t o Woodco te a nd Wood loe s i n1 462 -3 . W .C .R .O . , CR556 /2 12

G rouam d eB o sewor th e Wood lowe -s e Warw ick ton Wawen -s e l l Woot ea l so B ear ley , B eaude ser t ,C laverdon ,P re s ton B ago t ,U lenha l t n . d . , Woo ton Wawen P r io ry c a r tu la ry ,c opy i n

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st ot h ep r e sen tA u s ty

W .C .R .O . ,M I3 32 , f .2

Wood ; o t he rr e f e rence sc an b ef o und i n

= boscum d eh a lewe s towe

n . d . , 1 3 th C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR712 /2

c a coun t sa f t e r 1 467 -8

= l eH a l s towe

fs 1 437 -8 , S t af . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /269

= boscum d om in iv oca tum

fs 1 449 -50 ,S t af . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /272

I nb o sco m eo d eh a le s tou

h a l s towod e = bo scum d om ine v oca tum h a l s towe

fs 1 455 -6 ,B .R .L . , 1 68 ,236 ; 1 464 -5 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /274

= Boscum d om in i. .v oca tum

fs 1 467 -8 , S t af . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /276

l l h a le s towe. . h a l e s towewode q u idam b oscu sv oca tus F orwod

2 0a c r e so fl a nd . T he p l ace -name s u rv ive sb y

1 4 19 -20 ,M . MSS . ,M iM 1 24

t l Woo ton H i lF a rm d ecem a c ras b o sc i. .i n Maheus

t 1 326 ,B .L . ,C o t . C h . xi xvi 1 37

F orwod e l ? =d ive r se p ar ce l eb osc ii n

1 4 19 -20 ,M . MSS . ,M iM 1 24

5a c r e s , ? r e la ted t ot h ep r e sen t May ' s Wood

m ayowe s b o sco / bo scu s

1 34 1-2 , P .R .O . , E3 72 / 187

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima te st ot h ep r e sen t

Mo lk e ley W od e

l 1 40 1 ,K ing 's C o lege , WO W /56

Mock ley Wood i nA sp ley

=Mo lke l ey W od e

l 1 445 ,K ing ' sC o lege , WO W / 128

M ock ley W ood ?,-

1 565 ,K ing ' sC o lege , S 53 l

i nb o sco i p sorum d e Of ewr th f

1 246 -7 ,P .R .O . , C P2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

? =Uf ord [ wood ] f

1 386 ,S t af . R .O . ,D 64 1 / 1/2 /3 fs

o ft h ee a r ls o fS t af rd ,p robab ly i nt h ea r ea o f fo

=Of ordwod f

1 464 -5 , S t af s . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /274 f

t h e Woo ton P a rk s hown o nt h ee s ta te m ap o f t

=my l a d ie sw od a tW awenswo ton t

1 464 -6 , S t af . R .O . ,D 64 I/ 1/2 /275 fs

o fJ ohn d eS t aun ton a nd h i sw if e

1 736 ,W .C .R .O . , DR 195 /28 ; o t he rr e f e rence s c an b ef ound i na coun t sa f t e r 1 467 -8 c

c a l ed Of ordwod l = Bo scum d om in iv oca tum

1 467 -8 ,S t af . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /276 fs

Of ordwod e = bo scum d om in iv oca tum

1 506 -7 ,P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen V I /868 I

Of ordewode d i s t inc tf r om Of o rd Wood ,s ef i e ld c a led e l

Of ord G rove

1 467 -8 , S t af . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /276 fs

=Of ordg rov e f

1 504 -5 ,P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen V I /867 I

=Of ordg rove f

1 506 -7 ,P .R .O . , S C6 /Hen V I /868 I

l e ly tu lg roue

1 386 , S t af s . R .O . ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /3 f

? = Of o rd G rove f

L yh tewod e

1 246 -7 ,P .R .O . ,C P2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

I nO f o rd f

u n iu sG rove W i l ie lm iH arewe l l l

1 449 -50 ,K ing 's C o lege , WO W223 l

w ood s o ld t h e r e ; m anu sc r ip tt o rn

G rove i n1 736 ,W .C .R .O . , DR 195 /28 .

a rm ig er iv oca te L ucy[ e s W ood ] = Lucye s W ood S hor tg rove

1 505 ,B .L . ,A dd . C h .4 9 , 116 _ 1 449 -50 ,K ing 's C o lege , WO W223 l

w ood s o ld t h e r e ; p r e sumab ly i tb ecam et h e S ho r tG rove o nt h ee a s ts i de o fA u s ty Wood

Worm le igh ton G rovam

1 387 ,N o r thamp ton sh i r eR .O . , S pence r MSS . , 2 16

2 48

_

Wroxa l l b os co

1 , Mona s t icon , V o l . I V , p p . 9 0 -92 14

a d jo in ing R ow ing ton

a l tum n emu s

1 , Mona s t icon , V o l . I V ,p .9 2 14

i nN unne ley

c en ta c re sd eB oy se n W roxha le

c . 1312 -22 , PR O . , S C 8 / 68 /3357

t r o i sc en t za c r e sd ub oy s. .e n. .

n . d . , P .R .O . , S C 8 / 152 /7586

W roxha le l e King e swod e

1 329 , S .B .T . , DR3 /48 , 5 0

d e sc r ibed a sw a s te -f o r l o ca t ion s em ap o f e

d nam g rauem

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b yT homa sa te L ynde t

g raua

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b yN icho la s S co t i

g raua

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b y W i l iam A dam l

g raua

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b y R oge rA dam

g raua

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b yR obe r tB ene t

g rauem

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b yT homa sd eK y lco te

g rauem

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b y W i l iam R o lne s l

g rauem

1 327 -8 , PR O . , S C 1 /697

h e ld b y R icha rd M i le r l

d ua sg rovas b o sc i

1 425 -6 , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 12

l y thny sG rove l eh o l te G rove T of t s

1 542 , W .C .R .O . , CR 113 /W r3

B adde s ley C l in ton , c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 234

a l ia sd i c t 'T af sG rove f

2 49

Append ix 2 : E v idence o f wood land i n Warw ick sh ire s ou th a nd e a s to ft he R iver A von i nt he l a ter med ieva lp er iod A . P lace s i ns ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh ire w i th n os i lva i nD ome sday B ook b u tw i th w ood s r ecorded i nt he l a ter med ieva l p er iod ( i ) p re -1350 P lace

Wood /grove

E ar l ie s tr e f erence

C ommen t s

B a rf o rd

s ub b osco d ep er se le

n . d . ? l3 th C . , B .L . , H a r l . C h . 4 6 A

T he l o ca t ion o fP er ce l eyg rov e i s

3 0

u nce r ta in . N ex tt oH amp ton

1 3 16 ,P .R .O . , J UST 1 / 968 ,r o t 1 4d .

E p iscop i , ( Hamp ton L ucy )i tm ay

. .in P u na a cra b osc i. erce leyg rove

h ave b een w e s to re a s to ft h eA von . t L owe rE t ing ton

g raua '

1 246 -59 , W .C .R .O . , CR229 /box

s ag rave

R o tu l i P a r l iamen to rum , V o l . I

T h i sr e co rd r e f e r st ow ood b e ing

sion ( Reco rd C omm is ) ,p .2 .

t a ken f r om t h eg rove .

1 8 /3 / 1-2

T hor n ton ( i n

g ravam d om in i

1 431 ,W .C .R .O . CR 19 11/6

? =t h em oder nT ho rn ton Wood ( s ee

t E t ing ton )

d ec omuna p as ture s ue i nq uodam

1 246 -7 , P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 952 ,r o t4 d

m ap o f1 765 -W .C .R .O . , CR7 11)

b osco q ue c on t ine t xa c ra s ? = le G rove L igh tho rne

C he s te r ton

T achb rook

1 456 , W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/8

? = ib oscu sv oca tus t hor 'g rove

1 446 -7 , P .R .O . , S C 1 /8 19

u na G raua

1 086 , DB

ig raua q ue c on t ine tv ia c ra s

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 / 51

p aruu s p ine tu

1 30 1 ,P .R .O . , C1 33 / 100 / 1

? = u num s p ine tum c l ausum

1 3 16 ,P .R .O . C1 34 /49

d ef or inceco b osco

1 398 -9 , S .B .T . , DR98 /674a

l ag rave

1 272 1307 , S .B .T . , DR98 /245

? = u nam g rauam i n c lusam

1 279 , HR

s ub b osco

1 287 , S .B .T . , DR98 /266

1 2a c re s

p ar tem b o sc im e iA c le c e

16 1-82 ,F ormu lar e ,p p . 2 45 -6

p r e sumab ly p a r t ly s u rv iv ing i nt h e

? =boscum s uum q u iv oca tur O k l ie

1 296 132 1 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 ,

p r e sen tO ak ley Wood

f .6 3

L ong 1 t ch ing ton

U f ton

l aL e[ e ] G rove

n . d . ( ? 13 th C . ) ,P .R .O . , E 326 / 19 17

L ea F i e ld w a st a ken i n to C a s t le

=Grava v oca ta L ee G rove

1 337 -8 , B .L . ,A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 , f .

e P a rk , Wa rw ick ( s et ihe m ap ,

6 9

W .C .R .O . , CR569 /252 )

b oscum

1 260 , P .R .O . ,J UST 1 / 953 ,r o t7 d

o fR obe r td eP ynkeney

? =bo scus s epara le

1 347 , P .R .O . , C1 35 /83 /25

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h e p r e sen tw ood o fL ong I t ch ing ton

? =I chyn ton W ode

1 385 -6 , P .R .O . , S C6 / 104 1/2

l w u luh tg raf e

1 00 1 ,S 898

a r guab ly t h ep r e sen tw ood . 8 9

oscum ?- b

1 279 , HR ,p .1 58

a c re s i n1 4 11 .

? =boscum / unus b oscus

1 4 11 f o r 1 3 13 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f . 1 00 r , 2 12 r .

We s ton -unde r -

s p ine tum

1 086 , DB

.

We the r ley

n emus

1 279 , HR

p r e sumab ly a pp rox ima t ing t ot h e

= ?W e s ton W od e

S LB ,p p . 2 48 , 1 02

p r e sen tw ood

C ubb ing ton

g rauam

1 220 -2 , P .R .O . , E2 10 /318

R e la t ion sh ip t ot h ep r e sen t

? =g raua i n c lusa

1 280 , S .B .T . , DR 18 /31/3

C ubb ing ton Wood s i sn o tc l ea r .

? le G rove d e C obyn ton

1 377 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/698

B e r ico te i nA show

l b i l in 'g rove

1 273 ,P .R .O . , E2 10 /4582

l B i l in sg rove , 1 651 , B .R .L . , 8 6 ,005

sa b oscum c um f os to b osc i

c . 1235 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 14

s ugge s t st h a tB er ico t eG rove w a s

m oppe sg roue

1 389 ,P .R .O . , S C2 / 207 /77

e nc lo sed b yt h i sd a te t h er e co rd i s of ab l ocked d i tch a d ja cen tt ot h eg r ove B a r ton -on the -

b oscum d eB er ton

T y soe

l 1 233 , C u r ia R eg is R o ls V o l XV ,

b yt h eb ounda ry w i th C omp ton

n o . 9 10

H ea th v i rgu l to

t l I I 6 n . d . , B .L . , C o t . R o l XI ,i t em 1

e F o rt h em ean ing o fv i rgu l tum s e C hap te rO ne

2 50

R a t ley

u nam g rauam q ue v oca tur

S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 , p .2 03 .

C n ih teg raue s i cu tb rad ewe ie d i u id i t

t h is w ood p r e sumab ly s u rv ived a s

s ub b osco q u iv oca tur e s t l ee = g raua s ua d eE s t lee

t h e O ld E ng l i sh n ame s ugge s t sa p r e -Conque s te x i s tence ( s ee t e x t )

S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 ,p .2 08

t h e e a r ly m ode rn A sh ley Wood

PR O . , E 329 /234 R adway

d odd e sg rove

1 308 -9 , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1457

s a le o fs ma l b r anche s( r amuscu l) l

G rea t Wo lf o rd

n emor i s

1 225 , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 3 51

p r e sumab ly r e la t ed t ot h ep r e sen t w ood

S t re ton -on -Fos t se

v i rgu l to

n . d . , PR O . , E 326 /4812

F o rt h em ean ing o fv i rg u l tum s e e C hap te rO ne

B i rd ingbury

g rauam

n . d . ( ? 13 th C . ) ,B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,031

i ns uper iore p ar te p arue g raue

n . d . ( ? 13 th C . ) , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,029

L ong L awf o rd

I ar tem s p ine t iq ue e s ta pud lam p

n . d . , B .L . , C o ton C a l igu la A x i , f . t i i

o cc id en tem

1 33

? =med ie tas p red ic t is p ine t i

2 10 , B .L . , C o ton C a l igu la A x i , 1 t i i f . 145

? =de g raua m ea q ue a ppe la tur l

b id . ,f . 1 44 -5 , a nd PR O . , E i

b l achenurd

3 15 / 53 / 189

? = to tum s p ine tum d eB lak e th irne

n . d . ,B .L . , C o ton C a l igu la A x i , f . t i i

u sque a dC a ldewe l l

1 48

( ) 1 350 1400 i Worm le igh ton

G rauam

1 387 ,N or than t s . R .O . , S pence r MSS . ,n o . 2 16

( i ) 1 40 1-1500 i O f chu r ch f

u nus b oscu si n c lusus v oca tu s

1 4 11 , PR O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 07v

B rad legh Mo re ton Mor l re l

i ng rova d em oor ton

1 425 -6 , PR O . , S C6 / 1040 /7

B a sco te i nL ong

A grove

1 466 , Wa l sa l L oca l H i s to ry l

p os ly t h em odem sib Mo re ton Wood

I t ch ing ton We s tco te i nT y soe B u r ton D as t se t

C en t r e , 2 76 /63 l eb osco d om in ii nW e s tco te g rove

1 498 , C a s t le A shby MSS . 5 79 ,

? =t h el a te r We s tco te G rove , s ou th

c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 1 67 / 1

o fK ing J ohn ' s L ane

1 497 ,N or than t s . R .O . , T emp le

s i tua ted n or th -we s to ft h em ano r

( S towe ) ,b ox 4 /bund le 1 a / 1

h ou se a nd c hu r ch -s eN .W . e A lcock , Wa rw ick sh i r eG raz ie ra nd L ondon S k inne r 1 532 1555 ( Br i t i sh A cademy , 1 98 1) p p . 2 8 , 3 8

2 51

B . P lace s i ns ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh ire w i th s i lva i nD ome sday B ook P lace

L a ter m ed ieva lw ood land

D a te a nd r e f erence

C ommen t s

B ubbenha l l

q uamdam p ar tem f or insec ib osc i

1 39 1 , PR O . , E1 49 /60 / 16

p r e sumab ly r e la ted t ot h e l B ubbenha l Wood r e co rded o n e nc losu re -W .C .R .O . , Z 4 13 (Sm )

R y ton -on -

a i s iamen t i sn emor i sm e i

D un smo re

n . d . , 1 2 th C . , C amb r idge U n ive r s i ty

t h ee a r l ie s tr e f e rence i s to t h ew ood

L ib ra ry , A dd 3 02 1 , f .2 38 -9

o fH en ry d eA rde rne ; t h ep r e sen t

? =quendam b oscum f or insecum

1 279 , HR , p .1 5 1

R y ton Wood p r e sumab ly

? =boscum d eR uy tone

1 335 , W .C .R .O . , CR350 /3

p e rpe tua te st h em ed ieva l w ood

S t r e ton -on t

b osc i

1 285 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 958 ,r o t l r

t 2 4 a c re so fw ood i nS t r e ton

D un smo re

b osco

1 246 -7 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 952 , r o t5 r

i nP r ince thorpe

Wappenbu ry

B oscum

1 208 , PR O . , C P 2 5 / 1/242 /8

p r e sumab ly r e la ted t ot h e p r e sen t w ood

L i l ing ton l

-

-

S ou tham

-

-

Wa spe r ton

-

-

We l le sbou rne

g raua

n . d . ( 1 3 th C . ) ,W .C .R .O . , CR 19 11/ 17

? =W e leburne G rove l

1 247 , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 6 64

? =g rava d e W e le sburn l

1 26 1-2 , M . MSS . , M i D3 933

? = in b osco d e W e l eburne l

1 285 , PR O . ,J UST 1 / 958 , r o t3 8d

? pa r to ft h ep r e sen tw ood

u na G rava v oca ta C had ley

l 1 469 -70 , B .L . , A dd . R o l 4 4 ,559

b e long ing t oK en i lwo r th P r iory ,

-

-

p r e sumab ly b yt h em odern C had ley Wa l ton

Wa l ton G rove i s shown o n am ap o f 1 728 (W .C .R .O . , CR750 / 1)

P i le r ton H e r sey l

-

B ra i le s

g rava

1 268 , PR O . , C1 32 /35 / 13

p r e sumab ly t h ew ood a tG rove E nd

? =qu idam b o scus

1 3 16 , P .R .O . , C1 34 /49 , 5 1

i n1 631 ( B .R .L . , 1 67 ,9 10 ) ; a n

-

e s ta te m ap c . 1585 ( W .C .R .O . , CR3231) s how s' T he L awne Woode 't h e r e Wh ichf o rd

B osco s uo d e W ichef ord

1 246 -7 , PR O . , J UST 1 / 952 , r o t

p r e sumab ly r e la ted t ot h ep r e sen t

2 2 r

w ood

? =boscum s uum d e W ichef ord

1 251-2 ,B .L . , E ge r ton MSS . 3 724 ,

i n c ludere & p arcum s uum i nd e

f .8 0

c ons truer e L ong C omp ton

1 251-2 ,B .L . , E ger ton MSS . , 3 724 ,

= ?pa r to ft h ep r e sen tL ong

f .8 0

C omp ton Wood s

? =boscus

1 296 -7 , PR O . , E 352 /94 ,r o t2 6

e nc losed f o rt h er e g row th o fw ood

? =Cump tone W ood

1 477 , C a s t le A shby MSS . ,4 60 ,

b osco s uo d e C omp ton

c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 1 67 / 1 p r e sumab ly b yt h ep re sen tY a rd ley

Y erde ley

i b id .

Wave r ley /

b oscum d e W e the le

p r e 1392 ,S LB , p .2 5

?p a r to fp re sen t Wave r ley Wood

We the r ley i n

b oscus d eB rad ley

p r e 1392 ,S LB , p .2 48

l ?i nt h ea r ea o ff i e ld sc a led B rad ley ( s ee map o f1 597 ,c opy i n

S t one le igh

) W .C .R .O . , Z 14 1(U )

2 52

C . R ef erence s t og rove s i nt he modern p er iod a sw ood s o r a sf i e ld -name s i ns ou th a nd e a s t Warw ick sh ire P lace C hu r ch L awf o rd

G rove /grove n ame

E ar l ie s t r e f erence

C ommen t s

c um s epara l i G rova i nl o co s uper

1 538 -9 , PR O . , S C6 /Hen

? pe rpe tua ted i nf i e ld -name s o f

d une smor eh e th v oca to l e St ode

I I/3737 VI

S t ead , V CH , V o l . V I , p l a te f a c ing p .

R adf o rd S eme le

l eG rove

1 537 -8 , PR O . , S C6 /Hen

w ood s o ld t h e re

N ewbo ld P a cey

l l y te lg rov e

1 48 . I I/3736 VI rie 1 585 , E cc le s ia s t ica l T er r s , V o l

i nA shorne

I ,p .1 5 S t oney thorpe i n

G rove C lo se

1 754 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1470 /box 2

L ong I t ch ing ton l T a chb rook Ma lo ry

Map s how s ar e c tangu la rb l ock o f t r ee s i nt h ec l o se

t h eG rove

I I, PR O t .H enry VI . , S C 1 /9 17

? =g rove

1 549 -50 ,W .C .R .O . CR 1908 /207

e ag rove c an b es eo n am ap o f 1 7 10 ,w hen i th ad t r ee s ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /M28

I d l ico te

g raua

1 527 , P .R .O . , E 303 / 17 /268

Wh i tchu r ch

O ld G rove

rie 1 635 , E cc le s ia s t ica lT er r s , V o l .

Wa rm ing ton

T he G rove

1 6 13 , W .C .R .O . , CR404 / 12

ac l o se i n1 6 13

B a rche s ton

B rode G rove f u r long

n . d . ( ? 15 th C . ) , W .C .R .O . , CR580 / 1

n o i n d ica t ion t h a tt h e re w a s aw ood

T he G rove

1 807 , W .C .R .O . , CR580 /4 1/2

ac l o se i n1 807

G rove C lo se

1 805 , W .C .R .O . , Q S75 /77

p r e sumab ly r e la ted t ot h ep r e sen t I d l ico te G rove

I ,p p . 1 69 , 1 70

M i lve r ton

2 53

Append ix 3 : P lace -name s s ugge s t ive o f wood land i n Warw ick sh ire s ou th a nd e a s to ft he R iver A von i nt he e ar ly med ieva l p er iod : m inor p lace n ame s a pparen t ly i n c lud ing l e ah a nd h y r s t A . Minor p lace -name s a pparen t ly i n c lud ing l e ah P lace

N ame

D a te a nd r e f erence

A lve s ton

N ewf re the s ley

1 490 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 5 8 ,836

B a rf o rd

p er se le

n . d . ( 1 3 th . C . ) , B .L . , H a n. C h . 4 6 A3 0

b or se ley

1 574 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 / f if th s he lf /BB634

R idow le B ra i le s

C ademore ley

n . d . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .cv i j

C l if ton -on -

C o ten leye

n . d . ( ? 13 th . C . ) ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /222

C omp ton V er n ey

H ey le

1 738 , W .C .R .O . ,Z 228 /2 (U )

C ubb ing ton

C o / i t /eye

1 34 1 , P .R .O . , E 210 /4443

C ubbe le

n . d . , ( ? 13 th . C ) , P .R .O . , E2 10 /8793

S ohr te le

n . d . , ( ? 13 th . C ) , P .R .O . , E2 10 /9 112

F ox ley

1 7 17 , W .C .R .O . , Z 8 / 1

A rme ley

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 . f .2 17

Wake ley

1 840 , W .C .R .O . , CR569 / 12 1A

D un smo re

D unchu rch ' T hu r la s ton F rank ton G randbo rough

K ine ton L adb roke

k y t le

1 406 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 7 3 ,4 16

t C o te lehu l

n . d . , P .R .O . , E 315 /378

B agge lef or long

n . d . , P .R .O . , E 315 /378

se C os lef or long

n . d . , P .R .O . , E 315 /378

B lake ley

1 8 th C . , W .C .R .O . , CR 1709 /320 / 3

y erde ley

1 440 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /263

h awk s ley

1 733 , W .C .R .O . , Q S9 / 11 , mm . 1 5 16

c herche lee

1 374 ,P .R .O . , S C 1 2 / 16 /27

L ong C omp ton

Y erde l ey

1 477 , C a s t le A shby MSS . ,n o . 4 60 , c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 1 67 / 1

L ox ley

L oche s /e i

1 086 , DB

M i lve r ton

H ock ley

1 805 , W .C .R .O . , Q S75 177

f O f chu rch

B rad legh

1 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 07

P r ince thorpe

H and ley

1 763 , W .C .R .O . , CR829 / 140

R a t ley P r io r sH a rdw ick o r

l T i ley

1 602 ,B .R .L . ,4 37 ,934

Ma r s ton

H o ld e l e

n . d . , P .R .O . , E4 0 /900 1

R adf o rd S eme le

C raw ley

1 843 , W .C .R .O . , CR 569 / 195

R a t ley

R o te /e i

1 086 , DB

E s t lee

n . d . ( ? c .1200 ) ,P .R .O . , E 329 /234

R ugby

R ow ley

1 7 18 ,W .C .R .O . , D 19 /68 1

R y ton

H ay le C opp ice

1 608 , W .C .R .O . , CR298 1

K n igh t ley

1 735 , W .C .R .O . , CR 155

b arbe lee

n . d . , ( ? c .1200 ) ,P .R .O . ,E 329 /234

S t one le igh ( S .E . o f

B rad e le

1 377 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1 /698

A von )

W e the l e

1 204 ,S LB ,p p . 2 3 -4

S t ra tf o rd -upon -

R oke s ly

1 599 , S .B .T . , ER 1/72

fo A von , R u in C l if rd T achb rook

A de

16 1-82 ,F ormu lare ,p p . 2 45 -6

L ee

1 3 th . C . ,P .R .O . , E 326 / 19 17 ,5 907 , 5 972 , 8 474 -76 , 8 6 16 , 9 308 , a nd E 315 /20 /49 , E 315 /36 / 108 , E 315 /4 1/86 ,E 315 /48 /255 , E 329 / 19

B i rch ley

1 668 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1097 /87

l We le sbou rne

G raua v oc C had ley

l 1 469 -70 ,B .L . , A dd . R o l4 4 ,559

We s ton -unde r -

t R a t ley

1 668 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1097 /87

Wh i tchu rch

C re s ly

1 725 , W .C .R .O . , Z 145 (U )

W imp s tone ( i n

C heck ley

1 869 , W .C .R .O . , Q S75 / 127

Wappenbu ry

We the r ley

Wh i tchu rch ) 2 54

B . M inor p lace -name s a pparen t ly i n c lud ing h y r s t P lace

N ame i n c lud ing h y r s t

D a te a nd r e f erence

A lve s ton

T he H u r s t

1 772 , W .C .R .O . , Q S75 / 1

B ra i le s

h ur s t

i n . d . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .ci cvi

C ubb ing ton

g rea thur s t

n . d . , 1 3 th . C . , PR O . , E 210 /5389

se t D as t

l eH ur s t

1 343 , S .B .T . , DR98 / 16 1

D unchu r ch -T of t

t o nmonnehur s t

n . d . , PR O . , E3 26 / 10316

H a rbury

l a nerhur s t

x i n . d . , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .l x i j

l H odne l

h ur s t

n . d . , PR O . , E4 0 /4393

e s thur s t

t l I I n . d . ,B .L . , C o t . V i te l . XV I ,f .7 1

? =As thur s t

n . d . , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 , 159

? =H as thur s t

n . d . , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 , 153

K ine ton -

H ardehur s t

n . d . ,B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 8 ,153

T he h ur s t

n . d . , ? 14 th . C . ,W .C .R .O . , CR 1886 /2373

C omb rook

T he d rey h ur s te

P r ince tho rpe

L onghu r s t

P r io r sH a rdw ick o r

R edhu r s te

1 602 , B .R .L . ,4 37 ,934

Ma r s ton

a ppe lh ur s t

n . d . ( ? t . R . I ) , PR O . , S C 1 2 /40 / 106

1 763 , W .C .R .O . , CR829 / 140

c onde shur s t

t l n . d . , B .L . , C o t . V i te l . , Ai ,f . 123

s ema ld ehur s t

t l n . d . , B .L . , C o t . V i te l . , Ai ,f . 124

R a t ley

a s tbroce shur s t

? l4 th . C . , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 1/596

t se S t r e ton -on -Fos

H ur s t

199 t , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 3 6( m i s taken ly i d en t if ied a sS t re ton -on -Dun smo re )

t S t re ton -on -

B urnd h u r s t

1 608 , W .C .R .O . , CR298 1

R adboume

D un smo re T a chb rook T y soe

B romhur s t

16 1-82 ,F ormu lare ,p p . 2 45 -46

f f rogh i lhur s t

1 569 , B .R .L . ,4 32 ,692

l amber s thur s t

fs 1 443 -4 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /270

l amco te shur s t

fs 1 465 -6 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /274 l ? = f i e ld c a led L ampe r t sH u sk i nt h em id -e igh teen th c en tu ry , W .C .R .O . , M I 1 67 /8 , b e ing ac opy o fb ook so fr e f e rence t o Wa rw ick sh i re e s ta te m ap sa tC a s t le A shby , a nd Z 275 (Sm ) ,b e ing c op ie so ft h em ap s

Wo l s ton

R avenshur s t

c . 1340 , PR O . , S C 11/696

2 55

Append ix 4 : T he w o ld s o f Warw ick sh ire P lace

Wo ld

B u lk ing ton

l eW o ld

sy n . d . , P .R .O . , E4 0 /4317 -b yR us igor in

t Ma r s ton J a be t

i nV a /do , s uper W a ldum , i n

t l n . d . , 1 2 th . / 13 th . C . , B .L . , C o ton V i te l . Ai ,f .9 5 , 9 7 , 9 8 , 1 03

Wo lvey

i nW a ldo , i ni n f er ior i

D a te , r e f erence a nd c ommen t s

W a ldo t l n . d . , ? l3 th . C . , B .L . , C o ton V i te l . Ai ,f .8 ,9 2

W a ldo , N e ther ewo l t W ib tof t

l eW o ld e , t h e W o ld e

1 323 , B .L . , A dd . C h . 4 9 , 145

W i thyb rook

W a ldum , W a ldo , W o ld

t l n . d . , 1 3 th . C . , B .L . ,C o ton V i te l , Ai ,f .7 5 , 8 0 , 8 1

Monk sK i rby

s or thewo ld

n . d . , P .R .O . , E 210 /8794

P a i l ton i n Monk s '

S hor tewo ld

n . d . , P .R .O . , LR 1 4 /349

l owo ld , l oH eywo ld

n . d . , ? l3 th . C . , B .L . , E g . C h . 6 151

d e W a ldo d eC o te s &d e

t l 1 223 ,B .L . , C o ton V i te l . Ai ,f . 15

K i rby C hu rchove ra nd C o ton

W a ldo d e W auer e

N ew ton i nC l if ton -

S chor two ld

i ij n . d . , 1 3 th . C . B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f . ccxxi , ccxxv

W a ldef ur long , F l e tenwo ld

1 348 , W .C .R .O . , CR 162 / 113

Wo l s ton

i na l ta W o lden

t .E dwa rd I I , P .R .O . , S C 1 /696

Wa lsg rave -on -Sowe

l eW o ld ,y e W o ld eweye , L e

1 338 -9 , P .R .O . , S C 1 2 / 16 /42

o n -Dun smo r e t L i t le L awf o rd i n N ewbo ld -on -Avon

W o ldha le R y ton -on -

w o ldf ord

1 497 , W .C .R .O . , MR 19

l eW aud

1 262 , W .C .R .O , L 1/34

V a /do d eS uham

t l 1 231 , B .L . , C o t . V i te l . Ai ,f .3 2

W a ldwe i

1 206 -7 , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 1 59

S ou tham w o ld

1 603 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1849 /2

t h eo ld e

n . d . , 1 6 th . C . , BD

W o ld

1 374 , P .R .O . , S C 1 2 / 16 /27

L adbrook e W a ld e =

1 620 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1849 /2

D un smo re S ou tham

L adb roke

L adbrooke o l te t h eo l t

1 639 , c opy m ap , W .C .R .O . ,Z 358

l aW o ld e

n . d . , W .C .R .O . , CR 1284 /7 1/ 18

R adboum

i nW a ldo

t l n . d . , 1 2 th . / 13 th . C . , B .L . , C o ton V i te l . Ai ,1 1 2 1

P r io r s Ma r s ton

w a ldf ur long

. 1 355 ,N or than t s . R .0 . , S pence r MSS . 1 559

P r io r sH a rdw ick

O ld en

1 602 , B .R .L . ,4 37 ,934

N ap ton

S huckbu rgh

W a ldf ur long

1 3 17 -8 , P .R .O . , S C2 / 207 /69

Worm le igh ton

l o ngwo ldf ur long

1 522 ,N or than t s . R .O . , S pence r MSS . ,c ou r tr o l2 26 l

G renwo ld

4 11 , P .R .O , . E1 64 /2 1 , f .8 5 1

Uf ton

l el o ng ewo ld

3 13 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , 11 00 1

H a rbury

c um t o to W a ldo

n . d . , ? l3 th . C . ,B .L . , A dd . MS .4 7 ,677 , f .l xv x

B ishop ' sI t ch ing ton

l eW o ld

fo l 1 246 , S t af rd sh i re H is to r ica l C o lec t ion s( 1924 ) ,n o . 1 95

C had shun t

C hadd e sdon W o ld

1 495 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2606

W o ldweye

1 350 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2587

G aydon

G aydon W o ld

1 495 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2606

G eadon W ou ld s

1 697 , S .B .T . , DR98 / 1817 -m ap , a d ja cen tt oK ing s ton a nd I t ch ing ton H o l t

K ing s ton i n

c omuna

3 10 , 1 3 14 , S .B .T . , DR98 /278 , 3 70 1

C he s te r ton

v oca tur l eW o ld

i n p a s tura q ue

w o ldf ur long

n . d . , ? l3 th . C . , S .B .T . , DR98 /240 , 3 26a

C omp ton V e rney

C omp ton W o ld eL e t le W o ld e

t .H enry I I , S .B .T . , DR98 /6

K ine ton

K ing emewo ld

c . 1260 -70 , Magda len C o lege , O xf o rd , We s t co te 2 3 . A d jo ined We s tco te i nT y soe l

? =Ho l t

1 778 , S .B .T . , DR98 / 1825 ,m ap s how sh o l tn ame s i ne a s to ft h ep a r i sh

T y soe

l eT emp lewo ld e

l 1 265 -78 , Magda len C o lege , O xf o rd , We s tco te 3

Wa rm ing ton

t h eH o l t

1 654 , W .C .R .O . , D 19 /757

L eam ing ton P r io r s

t h e W o ld

1 483 , S .B .T . , DR 18 / 30 / 18 /5 -ac ommon p a r ce l o fl a nd

Wh i tna sh

l eW o ld e

1 32 1 , W .C .R .O . , CR 1908 / 177 /6 2 56

.

B udb rooke

H a ton t S n i te r f ie ld t Wo lve r ton

l eW o ld e

1 405 -6 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 /8 /3

t h e W o ld

1 590 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 /80 / I

w o ld

1 788 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 / 10 1 ,m ap s how ing n ame n or th o fG rove P a rk

L eN unnewo ld e

n . d . , ? l3 th . C . , BD ?m ode rn N unho ld

N unwo ld

1 590 , W .C .R .O . , CR895 /80 / 1

w a ld

1 240 , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 5 69

w a lda

3 15 , S .B .T . , ER2 /397 1

W o ld , l aW o lde

n . d . , 1 3 th . C . , PR O . , E3 26 /5928 a nd 6 310

2 57

Append ix 5 : Hay s P ar i sh o rt ownsh ip

H ay

D a te a nd r e f erence

A n s ley

A ns te l ey h ey , O xhey

1 505 , B a r t le t , Mandues omano rum ,p .1 4 1 ; 1 535 , P .R .O . , t sedum R C1 46 /9980

A s ton ( Ca s t le B romw ich )

h ay

, FF , V o l . I ,n o . 6 4 199

B adde s ley C l in ton

H aywd e

c . 1200 , S .B .T . , DR 3 / 1

B i rm ingham

l eH eye

1 293 ,B .R .L . ,6 60 ,292

B randon

l eh aye / hey

1 470 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 28 / 3

C h i lve r s C o ton

N en zore d eH er eward e shay

1 234 , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C 145 n . d . ( ? 13 th C . ) , W .C .R .O . , CR 136 /C725

B o scum. iv oca tur . .qu H e reward e shay C o le sh i l l

C he lemunde she ia

1 200 , FF , V o l . I ,n o . 7 3

C o r ley

l e H ay i nt e r i tor io h aye r

c . 1250 , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2 16 n . d . ( m id . 1 3 th C . ) , S .B .T . , DR 10 /2 15

C ough ton

v i r id eq u iv oca tur l eh eye

n . d . ( 1 3 th C . ) , W .C .R .O . , CR 1998 /box 3 4 /B6

D onne l ie

h a ia

1 086 , DB ,2 40a

E rd ing ton

l eH eye

F o le sh i l l

o scum .voca tum l eH ay . 'b

1 282 , P .R .O . , E 210 /8735 4 11 , P .R .O . , E1 64 /2 1 , f .2 2 r 1

H amp ton in -A rden

o mne sh a ia s

n . d . , ( 12 th C . ) ,B .R .L . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 1/2

H a r t sh i l l

b o scum q u iv oca tur S u thhaye. u iv oca tur . . boscum q l eH okeha ie. u i . . boscum q

1 276 , P .R .O . , C1 33 / 14 /2

H a se lo r

R owheya

n . d . ( ? 12 th C . ) , P .R .O . , E1 64 /22 , f .c xxv

H a ton t

H ac tonhaye

n . d . ( 1 3 th C . ) , P .R .O . , E4 0 /6947

K en i lwo r th

h a ia

c . 1130 -5 , B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .c xxi i i

K ing sbu ry

o tam h a iam q ue e s ti n te rt ama t &l a cu l ah a ie

n . d . ( ? 12 th C . ) ,B .L . , C o t . C h . x xv 2 5 t

L ea Ma r s ton

h eyam d em er s ton

n . d . ( ? 13 th C . ) , M . MSS . , M i D4 163

M idd le ton

l eh ay

1 375 , M . MSS . , M i M 1 3 1/27

l eH aye

1 387 , M . MSS . ,M i M 1 3 1/29

l eh eye l eH ay

3 17 , P .R .O . , E2 10 /9000 1 ? 1428 -9 o r 1 49 1-2 ,P .R .O . , S C 1 /685 ; 1 493 -4 , P .R .O . , S C /688 1

N unea ton

b o sco d eN ewhay

a n te 1 477 ,N icho ls , H is to ry o fL e ice s te r , V o l . I ,P a r tI ,p .8 2 . l

P a ck ing ton ( G rea t )

A i lyhmehey

B .L . , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 , f .x xv

P o le swo r th

l ed ordonhey

1 564 , B .R .L . , 1 93 , 151

P o le swo r th ( F rea s ley )

b oscum d eS to tef o ld e shay

n . d . ( 1 3 th C . ) , S t af . R .O . , D 593 /A / 1/ 10 / 10 fs

S o l ihu l l

l eh eye S ow thaye = Sow they H o l teheye

n . d . ( 13 th C . ) , P .R .O . , C 146 / 1732 n . d . , S .B .T . , DR37 /box 7 6 1 540 , S .B .T . , DR37 /2557 1 355 ,P .R .O . ,C 146 / 1136 ,b yl aR ouwod e

S t iv icha l l

L eH ey

n . d . , S .B .T . , DR 10 / 1406 ,p . 11

S tud ley

n emu sd eH a ia

1 20 1 , S .B .T . , ER 1/6 1/ 19

S u ton C o ld f ie ld t

u nam l i beram H ayam i n d ef ens ione

a n te 153 ,D ugda le , V o l . I ,p p . 9 09 10

T anwo r th in -A rden

l eh eye

1 364 , S .B .T . , DR37 /702

l eh eyeho l t

1 345 , S .B .T . , DR37 /593

T y soe

l ah aye

1 443 -4 , S t af . R .O . , D 64 1/ 1/2 /270 fs

Wroxa l l

h aya

1 327 -8 f o r 1 2 th C . , R y land , R eco rds o f Wroxa l A bbey ,p .1 9 l

v oca tur l e N euhaye

Monk s ' K i rby -E a senha l l Monk s ' K i rby -S t ree tA sh ton

n . d . ( ? 12 th C . ) , B .L . , C o t . C h . x x i 2 t i

2 58

,

l t h a t a tt h a t t yme s ha le b e f o und g row ing o r f a lde w i th inne t h e

Append ix 6 :

Managemen t o f t wo

c opp ice

f o r seyd Wode c a lde W i thycombe t ot h e u se & p rof i tz o ft h e s eyde

w oods i n Warw ick sh ire i n t he m id -f if teen th

D eane & C hap i t r e A nd a l so t h a t t h ef o re se id R icha rd J ohn & l l le t W i l iam s hu le w e le & t r u ly k epe & p a r f ou rme a h e f o r se id

c en tury

C ouenaun tz a s t h ey b e longe t o t h e i re p a r t t h ey h aue f ound t h e se b o roghe s t h a t y s t o s ey J ohn a l kok o f A s ton c an te lowe , J ohn

I . Wi thycombe Wood , H a se lor , 1 448 ( s ource -R eg i s ter o f S t . Mary 's

l C o leg ia te

C hurch ,

Warw ick ,

P .R .O . ,

E 164 /22 ,

Webbe o ft h e s ame t o une , J ohn f r emanne o fa l ces t re & J ohn Ma se

f .

o f r ovn a l ne .

ii i, c ) c xxx i -i opy i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 251(Sm )

d eane & C hap i t re f o r t h e s u re tee o f t h i s b a rgeyn t h e w eche t h ey

" Ha se lo r e -I n den tu ra v end ic ion i s b o sc i i b idem v oca t i W i th icombe

s hu le p ay t ot h es eyd D eane & C hap i t re y ft h e f o r seyd b uye r s b r eke

i a nno x xv i R eg i s H en r ic i s ex t i

o ny o ft h e i rf o r sa id C ovenaun tz . A nd t h e f o r seyd d eane & C hap i t r e ran s hu le w ar te t h e s a le o ft h e f o r se id w ode c a ld W i th icombe t ot h e

rewyk t " Thy s e nden tu re m ade a t War h e x x d ay o f d ecemb r e t h e

f o r seyd B uye r s t h e rof i nm ane r &f ou rme a sy s a bove s eyde .

x i ry t xv i y e r eo fk yng H ar h es i x the b e twene t h ed eane & c hap i t re o f

l e nden tu re s e i the r p a r tye t o o t he r s p a r te h ave s e t t h e i r e s e a le s a t

t ris R u tou r o fN ewenham w i th inne t h e p ar sh o fA s ton c an te low &

r Wa rewyk t h ed ay & t h ey e r e ab oue s eyde ."

l se Wy l iam P e rkyn s o fH a se lo re o n t h e o t he re p a r t . Wy tnes the t h a t t t l t h e s eyd R ycha rd R u tou r J ohn R u tou r a nd W i lyam p e rkyn s h ave

I . B igg ing G rove ,C oven try , 1 460 ( s ource ,C .R .O . ,4 68 / 15 )

le t b ogh t o ft h e s e yd D ean & C hap i t re a h e t ymbe r a nd u nderwode t h a tg rowe the i nt h e i re w ode a tH a se lo re c a ld Wy th icombe t oh aven

" Th i s e nden tu re m ade b e t wene N ico la s D y lcok o n t h a t o on p a r ty

l l h y t &t o f a len h i t b e t h e g rounde T he p a rce l o fw ode t h e r e c a ld

se A nd J ohn S eman o n t h a t o t he r p a r ty Wynes the t h a t t h e s a id

le t le t t h e p e r sone s w ode W i th a h e b o rdu r e s t h e rof A nd a l so a h e

t N ico la s h a the l e t & t o f e rme s e t e t o t h e s a id J ohn a Clo se y n

b o rdu r e s o ft h e s eyde W i th icombe t h a t y s t o s ey t h e s t ake r ewe &

l t l B yggyng c a led C ley P y te s A nd aG rove c a led B yggyng G rove t o

le t a h a t g r owe the w i thou te t h e s t ake r ewe t o t h e s eyd d eane &

h ave a nd t o h o ld t h e s a id C lo se & G rove t ot h e s a id J ohn & h i s

l A nd t h e s eyd R icha rd J ohn & W i l iam

s a s igne s f r om t h e f e s t o fM ighe lma s l a s t p a s t u n to t h e e nd o ft e rme

s hu le h aue d ay e s o f ow ty ing o ft h e s eyde w ode c a ld W i thycombe

o f x xv i y e re n ex t c omyng y e ldyng y e re ly t o t h e s a id N ico la s h i s

f r om t h e d ay o ft h e makyng o ft h e se e nden tu r e , U n to t h e f e s te o f

s te f s ome h ey re s &h i s a s igne s y e re ly a e s t o f Mys r AR o se F lou re

l t h e n a t iu i te o fs eyn t J ohn t h e B ap t i s t t h a t s ha le b en i nt h e y e re o f

y l l yf h i t b e a sked A nd h i t s ha le b e l e vef u le t ot h e s a id J ohn & h i s

s o u rL o rd J e su aMCCCCL I . W i th f r e e n t ree & i sue i nt ot h e s eyde

s riawey a le m a s igne s t oh akke h ewe & C ar ane r Wode g rowyng i n

l Wy th icombe t of a le & t oc a ne i nd ue t y r ne s a sh e r e f o lewe the T ha t

t h e s a id G rove d u ryng t h e s a ide t e rme e xcep t A ppu l t ree s &

l l l y s t o s ey t h ey s hu le f a le a nd d o f a le f ey re & k ynde ly f o r t h e

C rab t ree s A nd t h e s a id N ico la s t h e s a id C lo se & G rove t ot h e s a id

g row ing a ye in a lmane r e w ode e xcep t o ok e ue ry y e re d u ryng t h e

s le m J ohn & h i s a s igne s d u ryng t h e s a id t e rm e A y ens t a enne

i s eyd t e rm ef r om s eyn tA nd rewe sd ay , U n t ot h e f u r s td ay o f Ma i &

l s ha le Wa ran t &d ef ende A nd t h e s a id J ohn g r aun ty th t h a t t h e s a id

i n o l e nge r e . A nd o oke u n to t h e l a s te d ay o f Ma i &n o l e nge r e A nd

l N ico la s s ha le h ave a nd o cupye t h e J oy s tm en t o f t h e s a id Wode

t h ey s hu l c a ne & d o c a ne e ue ry y e re d uryng t h e s eyde t e rme f r om

d u ryng t h e s a id t e rme n o t h u r tyng t h e S p rynge g rowyng o r t o

l A leha lewen t ide u n to t h e f e s te o ft h en a t iu i te o fs eyn t J ohn B ap t i s te & n o l e nge r e

g rowe d uryng t h e s a id t e rme i nt h e s ame Wode A nd t h e s a id J ohn

l A lewey f o r seye & a cco rded t h a t t h e f o r seyde

l se & G l S eman s ha le c l o se t h e s a id C los rove h avyng a le t h e w oode

l le t R icha rd J ohn & Wy l iam s hu le s ave & d o s ave a h e y onge

g rowyng t h e r e ab ough te t h e b o rdu r s o ft h e s a id C lo se a nd G rove

l s p ryng t h a ts ha l g rowe i nt h e s eyd Wode c a lde W i th icombe d u ryng

A nd Whe re t h e s a id N ico la s y s b ounden t o t h e s a id J ohn i n A

t h es e ide t e rme f r om b i t ing b r ekyng & t r edyng d oune o fm anne a nd

t o b l igac ion o f xl i . t o b e p ayed t o t h e s ame J ohn a te f e s t o f

l b e s te & c a r iage t h a t s hu le c ome o rb e b rogh t i nt ot h e s e ide Wode

C ry s tenma s n ex t c omyng t h e s ame J ohn g r aun ty the b y t h i s p r e sen t

c a ld W i th icombe a t o ny t yme b y t h e f o r seyde R icha rd J ohn &

l w ry tyng y yf h e p e seabu ly e n joy t h e s a id C lo se & G rove a s ab ove

l W i l iam o rb y o ny o fh em o rb y o ny o t he re p e r sone i nt h e i r e n ame

y s r e he r syd

o ra uc tor i t e d u rynge t h e f o r seyd t e rme . A nd t h a ta lmane re o fw ode

se Wy tnes

B ap t i s ti no ny y e re d uryng t h es eyde t e rme b ef o rf e t&l o s t f r om t h e

s a id

t e rme

W i thou t

i n ter upc ion

o r

o f t h e w h ich

t hyng t h e

f o r sa id

p a r tye s

t o t h e se

t e nden tou r s t h e i r e s e a ly s h auue p u t c haungeab ly y even a tC ouen t re

f o r se ide b uye r s & t o b e h ad & d i spo sed b e t h e s eyde D eane &

i r' t t h ei i D ay o fO c tobe rT he y e re R aynyng o fk yng H er h ev iA f tu r

A l so t h e s eyde b uye r s s hu le

t h ec onque s tt h ex xx ix "

k epe t h e c l o su r e a bow te t h e s eyd Wode c a ld W i th icombe a tt h e i r e A nd i nt h e e nde o ft h e s ame t e rme

le t t h e ishu le l e ve a h e s e ide c l o su re w e l & c ompe ten t ly m ade a nd l r e pa red . A nd t h e f o r seyd R icha rd J ohn & W i l iam s hu le p aye w e le & t r u ly t o t h e s e ide D eane & C hap i t re f o r t h e f o r se id w ood & i t ymbe rt hu st oh em s o ld -1 .I i .v is . vi i d . Whe rof t h ey h ave p ayed s l i i i nh ande t h ed ay o ft h e a sea lyng o ft h e se e nden tu r e s x xv i I i .x i s . i id .

t h e

J ohn g r aun t i th t h a tt h e s a id o b l igac ion b e v oyde & o fn o v e r tu I nt o

i nt h e s eyde W i th icombe a f te rt h e f e s te o ft h eN a t iu i te o fs e in tJ ohn

c o s te s d u r ing t h e s e ide t e rme .

d u ryng

d i s tu rbance o ft h e s a id N ico la s o ro fa ny o t he r p e r son t h an t h e s a id

&t ymbe rt h a t m ay b e f ound f a ld & l i gg ing a mong t h e q u ik s p r ing

l C hap i t re a st h eym s ha l b e s te s eme .

I n to

se o le t w i tnes f a h a t i sa bove w r e ten t h e f o r se id p a r t ie s t o t h e se

l rewyk o t t h e c o lage o f War n t h e o ne p a r t , R icha rd R u tou r &J ohn

l C hap i t re w ho ly r e se rued .

Weche b o roghe s b u the b ounden i n a n o b l iga c ion

l u nde r t h e i re s e a le s e uery o fh em i n x l m a r c s s t e r l ing t o t h e s e yd

A nd t h ey s hu le p ay a l the r emanen t t h e s e conday o f

N ouembe r en ex tc om ing a f te rt h ed a te o ft h e se e nden tu re st h a ty st o i i I i i s e y x xi i .x i s .i i d . A nd i nc aa s t h a tt h ey f a y le o ft h e p aymen t i i I i i i o ft h e s eyd x xi i .x i s .i i dt h e s e conde d ay o fN ouemb re af o re le t s e id e , t h a t t h en t h ey s hu le f o rf e te & l e se a h e w ode & t ymbe r 2 59

B IBL IOGRAPHY B ra i le s d eed s , 1 543 , 1 68 ,2 16 ;

Manuscr ip tS ource s

1 631 , 1 67 ,9 10 ;

1 692 , 1 68 ,052 ;

1 724 ,168 ,204 B r ink low d eed s , 1 351 -1410 ,K een 4 0A

T he se a r e d e sc r ibed u nde r t h e i r r e spec t ive r e po s i to r ie s , w h ich a r e

C he s te r ton d ocumen tr e la t ing t ol aw p roceed ing s ,c .1 605 , 2 72 ,820

l i s ted i na l phabe t ica l o rde rb yt i le .

C he s te r ton a coun t s , 1 441 -2 ,2 95 , 194 c C lave rdon ( Lang ley )d eed , 1 695 ,K een 4 8

W i th in e a ch r e po s i to ry t h e m anu sc r ip t s a r e l i s ted a l phabe t ica ly b y l

C o le sh i l d eed s , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , n . d . -1 46 1 , A 2 1 , A 24 / 1 , l

p l ace o r , i nt h ec a se o fr e co rd sc ove r ing s e ve ra lp l ace s ,b yt h ee s ta te

A 30 , A 31 , A 38 , A 45 , A 46 , A 47 , A 51 , A 72 , A 76 , A 9 1 , A 92 , A 108 ,A 258 ,A 333 ,A 388 ,A 433 ,A 519 ,A 589

w h ich i n c luded t h ose p l a ce s . When a n i n d iv idua l d ocum en tw i th in a n e s ta te c o lec t ion c an b e a t r ibu ted t o as i ng le p l a ce , l i s t ing b y l t

C o le sh i ld eed , 1 557 , 3 2 1 , 104 l

p l ace h a sb een p r ef er , s ot h a t l i s t ing b ye s ta te h a sb een c onf ined red

C o r ley d eed s , 1 323 ,3 48 ,005 ; 1 435 , 3 48 ,009

m a in ly t oc a r tu la r ie s o r r e g is te r s a nd a coun t r o ls . c l

C oven t ry C a thed ra lP r io ry a coun t s , 1 478 -9 , 1 68 ,237 c

E s ta te s u nde r

w h ich s uch r e f e r ence s w i l b e f ound i n c lude t h e e a r ldom s o f l

C ubb ing ton d eed s , 1 651 , 8 6 ,005 ; 1 750 , 1 93 , 175

Wa rw ick a nd S t af rd , t h e B i shop ton , C a te sby , L e igh a nd Mohun fo

C u rdwo r th -s eu nde rM inwo r th b e low e

e s ta te s , t h e e c le s ia s t ica l e s ta te s o f C oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry , c

E rd ing ton r e n ta l , 1 462 -3 ,3 47 ,9 13

C ha combe P r io ry , Maxs toke P r io ry , Me reva le A bbey , P ipewe l l

E rd ing ton c ou r t r o l s , 1 350 , 3 47 ,854 ; l

1 442 , 3 47 ,860 ;

1 46 1 -70 ,

3 47 ,863 ; 1 525 ,347 ,876 ; 1 539 -43 , 3 47 ,879

A bbey , S t one le igh A bbey a nd K en i lwo r th P r io ry a nd t h e a coun t s c o fd i so lved r e l ig iou s h ou se s k ep t b yt h e C rown . L i s t ing h a s b een s

E rd ing ton s u rvey , 1 655 ,3 49 ,825

b y c l as fr e co rd i n s tead o fp l ace f o rt h ree c l as s o fd ocumen t i n s o se

E rd ing ton d raf te s ta te m ap , 1 760 ,2 92 ,886

t h e P ub l ic R eco rd Of i ce , t h e A s ize r o l s , t h e K ing ' s B ench r o l s , f s l l

E rd ing ton e nc lo su re a wa rd ( w i th W i ton ) , 1 802 -4 , 1 382 / 1 ,3 t

a nd t h e F o r e s t P roceed ing s , a s t h ey c ove red m any p l a ce s i n

G raf ton a nd H a se lo ra coun t s , 1 465 -6 , 1 68 ,238 c

Wa rw ick sh i re .

G raf ton e s ta te m ap , 1 740 ,2 47 , 148 -9 G r endon c ou r tr o l , 1 564 , 1 93 , 151 l H amp ton in -A rden d eed s , n . d . , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 1/2 , A 3 ,

T he d a te s o fd ocumen t s h ave b een p r in ted i ni t a l ic s , t od i s t ingu i sh

A 4 ,A S

t h em f r om t h e n umbe r s w h ich f o rm p a r t o f t h e r e po s i to r ie s ' r e f e r ence s f o rd ocumen t s . Med ieva l d ocumen t sw h ich a r e u nda ted

H amp ton in -A rden s u rvey , 1 649 ,5 11 ,984

( n .d . )a r eu sua ly f r om t h et we lf th o rt h ir teen th c en tu ry . l

H a se ley d eed s , 1 312 -1431 ,K een 7 2 ; 1 351 ,3 04 ,288 H a se lo ra coun t s , 1 465 -6 , 1 68 ,238 c

T he d e sc r ip t ion s o fd ocumen t s a r e b r ief .

K e re s ley d eed , 1 667 ,2 94 ,034

T he g ene ra l t e rm ' d eed '

h a s b een u sed t oc ove r aw ide v a r ie ty o fd ocumen t s r e co rd ing t h e

L apwo r th d eed , 1 500 -1 ,4 37 ,896

p e rmanen to rt empo ra ry t r an sf e ro fp rope r ty r i gh t s .

L ea Ma r s ton d eed s , 1 472 , N or ton 8 9 ;

1 478 , N o r ton 9 2 ;

1 574 ,

N o r ton 1 82 Maxs toke d eed , 1 419 ,K een 9 2

B a l io lC o lege l l

Me reva le A bbey l a nd ss u rvey , 1 543 -4 , 1 68 ,242 Me r iden -s eu nde rA l spa th a bove e

A l i s t o f d ocumen t s r e la t ing t o t h e C o lege 's o wne r sh ip o f t h e l

M inwo r th d eed ,n . d . ,W ing f ie ld D igby MSS . ,A 10 1

m ano ro f Uf ton i s kep ti nW .C .R .O .

Mona s t ic l a nds ( f o rme r )a ccoun t s , 1 547 , 1 68 ,255 N unea ton s u rvey , 1 557 ,3 47 ,953

Uf ton d eed , 1 556 , C . 1 .20

N u thu r s t d eed s , 1 476 , W ingf ie ld D igby MSS . , A 6 15 ;

1 594 ,

2 77 ,430 ; 1 597 ,2 77 ,427

B erke ley C a s t le ( v ia G louce s ter sh ire R ecord O ff ice )

P a ckwood d eed , 1 519 ,K een 1 04 P o le swo r th d eed , 1 564 , 1 93 ,151

C lave rdon d eed , 1 312 , GC 1888 U lenha ld eed , 194 , S C3 8 l l

P r io r sH a rdw ick /P r io r s Ma r s ton t e r ie r , 1 602 ,4 37 ,934 r

B irm ingham R e f erence L ibrary ,A rch ive sD epar tmen t

S he ldon d eed s ,n . d . ,4 31 , 122 ; 1 346 ,4 31 , 125 ; 1 567 ,4 31 , 160

S a lf o rd c r own l e a se o fw ood s , 1 580 , 1 67 ,733 S he ldon t i t he m ap , 1 840 , TM2 / 14 A le s ley d eed s , 1 530 , 3 28 ,923 ; 1 585 , 3 28 ,926 ; 1 668 ,2 4 1 ,400 l

S he ldon e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 813 , MS 1 382 /6

A l spa th d eed s , n . d . , 6 08 ,879 , 6 08 ,881 , 6 08 ,882 ;

S hu s toke d eed s , 1 312 ,4 29 ,351 ; n . d . ,K een 5 4 ; 1 330 ,K een 18

1 550 , 2 49 ,976 ;

S o l ihu ld eed , 1 585 ,3 24 , 10 1 l

1 603 ,2 77 ,12 1

S t af rd e a r ldom a coun t s , 1 455 -6 , 1 68 ,236 fo c

A s ton ( Ca s t le B romw ich )d eed s ,n .d . -1 4 th . C . , 1 9 ,80 1-74 A s ton r e n ta l , 1 532 ,4 13 ,517

S t ud ley d eed s , 1 560 , 1 67 ,486 -7 ; 1 596 , 1 67 ,446 ; 1 605 , 1 67 ,405

A s ton e s ta te m ap s , 1 758 ,3 7 1 ,055 ; 1 759 , 1 48 , 157

S u ton C o ldf ie ld d eed s , n . d . , 3 48 ,037 , 3 48 ,039 ; t

1 253 , 3 48 ,028 ;

1 321 ,3 48 ,04 1-2 ; 1 344 , 3 48 ,022

A s ton d eed , 1 539 ,3 47 ,879 A s ton c ou r tr o l , 1 469 ,3 47 ,863 l

T amwo r th d eed s ,n . d . ,4 80 ,682 ; 1 446 ,N o r ton MSS . 6 7

B eau sa le d eed s , 1 3 th C .1342 -3 ,K een 2 6( unde rH a se ley )

U p ton ( i n R a t ley ) e s ta te m ap , 1 774 , 3 07 ,947 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . , Z 202 )

B e rk swe ld eed s , 1 627 ,2 76 ,809 ; 1 638 ,2 76 ,8 18 l

Wappenbu ry p e t i t ion ,n . d . ( p re sumab ly 1 493 -1500 ) ,K een 1 33

B ickenh i ld eed , 1 642 , 1 93 ,194 l

Wa rw ick S t . N icho la s , c opy o f e nc lo su r e a wa rd o f 1 773 , 1 787 ,

B i rm ingham t r an sc r ip to fs u rvey , 1 529 ,9 3 ,314

3 53 ,352

B i rm ingham d eed , 1 293 ,6 60 ,292

W i t ton e s ta te m ap , 1 759 ,3 05 ,520

B ra i le sa coun t s , 1 413 -4 , 1 67 ,904 c

Y a rd ley c ou r tr o l l , 1 495 ,4 27 ,740 2 60

c l N unea ton a coun t s , A dd . R o ls ( c op ie s i nN unea ton L ib ra ry ) 1 331 B od le ian L ibrary ,O xf ord

2 ,4 9 ,727 ; 1 368 -9 , 4 9 ,7 11 ; 1 369 -70 , 4 9 ,7 12 ; 1 370 -1 , 4 9 ,7 13 ;

B in ley e s ta te m ap , 1 746 ,C raven 3 20

4 9 ,7 19 ;

1 372 -3 , 4 9 ,7 15 ; B in ley ,B r ink low a nd C oombe d eed , 1 620 ,C raven 7 1

1 386 -7 , 4 9 ,751 ;

C oombe A bbey a nd B in ley a ccoun t s , 1 623 -44 ,C raven 7 8

4 9 ,760 ;

C oombe m ano rP a r l iamen ta ry s u rvey , 1 652 ,C raven 6

1 374 -5 , 4 9 ,7 17 ;

1 377 -8 , 4 9 ,720 ;

1 374 -5 , 4 9 ,7 18 ;

1 378 -9 , 4 9 ,72 1 ;

1 397 -8 , 4 9 ,757 ;

1 406 -7 , 4 9 ,762 ;

1 402 -3 , 4 9 ,759 ;

1 405 , 4 9 ,763 ;

1 375 -6 ,

1 380 -1 , 4 9 ,722 ; 1 401 -2 ,

1 406 -7 , 4 9 ,765 ;

1 408 -9 ,4 9 ,403

C o r ley , K e re s ley , E xha l l a nd F o le sh i l ld eed s ,n . d . ,Q ueen 's C o l lege ,

t P a i l ton d eed s ,n . d . , E g . C h . 6 151 ; 1 302 , C o t . C h . x x ix 9 0 ; 1 403 ,

2 337 ,2339 ,2348 ,2376

E g . C h . 6 160

Maxs toke P r io ry R eg i s te r , MS . T r in i ty C o l lege 8 4 ( c opy i n

P re s ton B ago td eed ,n . d . ,C ot . C h . xi xvi 1 34

W .C .R .O . ,M I2 72 )

R a t ley d eed ,n . d .( I2 t h .C .) , H a r l .C h . 4 5 C 47

l l U f ton m ap , 1 695 a nd s u rvey , 1 672 , B a l io l C o lege 6 8 /252 ( c op ie s

r l R a t ley t e r ie r , 1 6 12 ,A dd . R o l4 3 ,00 1

i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 18 1(U ) )

t i S hu s toke d eed , 1 447 ,C o t . C h . x i3

C o l lec t ion o fc opy MSS . f o r Wa rw ick sh i re , MS .T op , Wa rk sC 8

f t S hen s tone ( S taf o rd sh i re ) a nd S u ton C ha se d eed , 1 229 -42 , A dd .

B r i t i sh L ibrary

t c l S n i te r f ie ld a coun t s , 1 430 -1 ,E ge r ton R o l 8 624

l A l i s t o f c a r tu la r ie s i s f o lowed b y al i s t o f o t he r d ocumen t s

t l I I 6 T y soe c op ie so fd eed s ,n . d . ,C o t . R o l XI

r l a ranged a l phabe t ica ly b yp l ace .

l c l We le sboume a coun t s , 1 469 -70 ,A dd . R o l4 4 ,559

B eauchamp c a r tu la ry , A dd . MS . 2 8 ,024 ( c opy i n W .C .R .O . , M I

t t Woo ton Wawen d eed s , 1 326 , C o t . C h . xi xvi 1 37 ; 1 505 , A dd . C h .

C h . 2 0 ,468 l S t iv icha lm ap , 1 787 ,A dd . MS .4 1 ,477 ( c opy i nS .B .T . ,P R63 )

W ib tof td eed , 1 323 , A dd . C h . 4 9 , 145 1 77 )

4 9 , 116

t l t l I I C oombe A bbey c a r tu la r ie s ,C o ton V i te l . Ai ,C o ton . V i te l . XV I K en i lwor th c a r tu la r ie s , H a r l . MS . 3 650 , A dd . MS . 4 7 ,677 ( c op ie s

C ambr idge U n iver s i ty L ibrary

i nW .C .R .O . , M I3 92 ) l K n igh t sH o sp i ta le r sl e a se b ook , L an sdowne 2 00

T homey A bbey c a r tu la ry ,V o l . 2 ,A dd . 3 02 1

Mohun c a r tu la ry , E ge r ton MS . 3 724 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,M I 1 44 ) l t i i P ipewe lA bbey c a r tu la ry ,C o ton C a l igu la A x i

e f C a s t le A shby -s e Wa rw ick sh i r eC oun ty R eco rd Of ice

t R ead ing A bbey c a r tu la ry ,C o ton V e spa s ian Ex xv S eg rave f e oda ry ,A dd . MS 3 7 ,67 1

f C oven try R ecord Of i ce

S eg rave c a r tu la ry ,H a r ley 4 748 t S t one P r ior yc a r tu la ry , C o ton V e spa s ian E x x iv

l A le s ley a nd C oundon d eed s , 1 36 1 -4 , BA /B /A / 19 / 1-2 ; BA /B /A /44 / 12 ;

1 300 -1305 ,

BA /B /A /47 /3 11 ;

1 347 , 1 407 ,

A lspa th d eed , 1 348 , A dd . C h . 8 398

BA /B /A /48 /9 ; c . 1300 -1358 , BA /B /A /54 / 1 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 ;

A lve s ton d eed , 1 490 ,A dd . C h . 5 8 ,836

BA B /A /55 / 110 ; 1 317 , BA /B /A / 107 /4 ; 1 360 , BA /B /P /260 / 1 ;

B a r f o rd d eed ,n . d . ,H a r l . C h . 4 6 A3 0

1 343 ,

i B eaude se r td eed , 1 326 ,C ot . C h . x xv i 1 37

BA B /P /451/8 ; 1 593 ,B AJD /A /20 / 1

B i rd ingbu ry d eed s , n . d . , A dd . C h s . , 4 8 ,029 , 4 8 ,031 , 5 3 , 105 ; 1 363 ,

BA /B /P /357 / 1 ;

A l spa th d eed s , 1 528 , 9 / 1 ;

4 8 ,451

1 581 , BA /A /A /2 /2 ;

B randon e s ta te m ap s , c . I6 30 , A dd . MS . 4 8 , 18 1 ( c opy o ff i r s t m ap

1 336 ,

BA /B /P /40 1/2 ;

1 305 , 1 332 ,

1 542 , 5 4 /27 ;

1 546 , BA /D /K . / 10 /24 ;

1 630 -1 , 5 4 /69 ;

n . d . , BA /D /K / 10 / 1-2 ;

1 546 , BA JD /K / 10 /24 ; 1 652 , BA /D /K / 10 /26

) i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 203 (U )

l A s th i l e v idence r e la t ing t o ad i spu te o ve r t i t he s , n . d . , ( ? 16 th .C ) ,

C h i lve r sC o ton d eed , 1 316 ,A dd . C h . 4 8 ,068

1 7 / 10 /2

G randbo rough d eed , 1 406 ,A dd . C h . 7 3 ,4 16

B ag in ton d eed s ,c . 1280 , 3 9 /6 ; 1 298 ,3 9 /8 ; 1 313 ,3 9 / 19

t H amp ton in -A rden d eed s ,n . d . ,C o t . C h . x i3 5 ,A dd . C h . 2 1 ,4 16

l B ubbenha ld eed , 1 323 , BA /D /K / 13 /3

l t H a r t sh i lr e n ta l ,n . d . ,C o t . C h . i v5 2

C a ludon d eed s ,n . d . , BA /H /H / 163 / 1-3

l l l H a r t sh i lc ou r tr o l , 1 376 ,H a r l . R o lY1 3

C o r ley d eed s , 1 338 , BA /D /D /49 / 3 ; 1 429 , BA /D /D /49 /5

l H odne l d eed s , n . d . , A dd . C h s . 4 8 ,153 , 4 8 , 159 , 4 8 , 16 1 , 4 8 , 162 ;

e l C oundon d eed s -s ea bove u nde rA le s ley

1 276 , A dd . C h .4 8 , 154

C oven t ry d eed s , n . d . , BA /H /H /55 / 1 ;

t i i 1 H on i ley d eed s ,n . d . ,C o t . C h . x xi 5a nd 1 6

BA B /Q /20 /7 ;

t i t i t K ing sbu ry d eed s , n . d . , C o t . C h . x x i 2 ,C o t . C h . x x i 3 ,C o t . C h .

1 343 ,

x xv 2 5

1 297 , BA /D /H /26 /2 ;

1 315 , BA /H /H /375 / 1 ;

BA /B /P /431/4 ;

1 347 ,

1 315 ,

1 317 , BA /H /H / 375 /2 ;

BA /B /P /439 /7 ;

1 347 ,

BA /B /P /431/4 , 5 ; 1 347 , BA /B /P /439 /7 ; 1 348 , BA /H /H /293 /9 ;

l l K ing sbu ry c ou r tr o l , 1 419 , E ge r ton R o l 8 62 1

1 351 ,

l K ing sbu ry r e n ta l ,n . d . , E ge r ton R o l 8 6 18

BA /B /P /44 1/ 1 ;

L apwo r th d eed s ,n . d . ,H a r i . C h . 8 6 E2 7 ; 1 375 ,A dd . C h . 1 4 ,006

1 423 , BA /A /A /3 / 1 ; 1 487 , BA B /A /86 / 1 ; 1 580 , BA B /P /432 / 1 ;

BAB /P / 137 / 13 ;

1 357 ,

BA /B /P /431/6 ;

1 368 , BA /B /P /440 /5 ;

1 357 ,

1 393 , BA /B /P / 14 / 5 ;

1 6 10 , BA /G /D / 1/ 1

N unea ton d eed s , ( A s ton Manu sc r ip t s , mo s t o f w h ich h ave b een c op ied o n t om ic ro f i lm i nN unea ton L ib ra ry ) , n . d . , A dd C h s .

l C oven t ry d eed ( i nc lud ing A s th i l ) , 1 729 , 1 0 1/ 1/262

4 8 ,491 , 4 9 ,070 , 4 9 ,07 1 ;

1 290 , 4 9 ,069 ;

1 538 , 4 8 ,776 ;

1 538 ,

C oven t ry ( D rape r s ' C ompany ) d eed s , 1 327 -1460 , 4 68 / 15 , 5 3 , 5 9 ,

4 8 ,775 ; 1 541 , 4 8 ,790 ;

1 542 , 4 8 ,79 1 ;

1 543 , 4 8 ,793 ;

1 550 ,

8 7 , 1 39 , 1 69 , 2 15 , 3 16 , 3 50 , 3 60 , 3 6 1 ; v o lume o fs u rvey s a nd

4 8 ,806 ; 1 552 ,4 8 ,8 19 ; 1 574 ,4 8 ,9 18

m ap s , 1 759 , 1 573 / 19 / 1-2 ;

c opy o f s u rvey a nd m ap s , 1 803 ,

1 573 / 19 /3 -4

l N unea ton v a lo r , 1 539 , A dd . R o l4 9 ,457

l F i long ley d eed s , 1 36 1 , BA /D /D /50 /2 ; 1 474 , BA /D /D /50 /3

l l N unea ton r e n ta l s , 1 325 , A dd . R o l4 9 ,464 ; 1 335 ,A dd R o l4 9 ,466

2 6 1

F o le sh i l d eed s , n . d . , BA B /Q /20 /2 ; l

1 405 , BA /G /F /33 /2 ;

We s tco te d eed ,n . d . , We s tco te 2 3 , 5 6

1 639 -

17 14 , BAJD /A /22 / 1-4 Mereva le H a l l

Me r iden -s eA lspa th e P a ckwood d eed , 1 398 , 5 4 /40

A m ic ro f i lm c opy o f t h e c a ta logue o f t h e m anu sc r ip t s k ep t a t

S owe d eed s , n . d . , BA /B /A /4 1/ 1 , BA / E l /H /344 /2 , BA /B /A /93 / 1 ,

Me reva le H a l i s in l

BA B /A /94 / 1 ; 1 422 , BA /B /A /99 / 14 ; 1 581 , BA /A /A /2 /2 /

Wa rw ick sh i r eC oun ty R eco rd O f ice , M I 2 11 . f D evon R ecord O ff ice A the r s tone m ap o fo u twood , n . d . , u nca ta logued B e rk swe l d eed s , 1 708 , n o s . 1 90 1 , 1 945 ; l

B i rd ingbury a coun t s , 1 397 -8 , 2 48 M /M6 c

1 722 , n o . 1 494 ;

1 758 ,

n o s . 1 962A&B G louce s ter sh ire R ecord Of s ee a l so B erke ley C a s t le ) fice (

S hu s toke d eed s ,n . d . ( c a ta logued a sc .13 00 ) , n o s . 1 326 , 1 37 1

A lne c ou r tr o l , 1 36 1 -2 , D 678 /99 l

N or thamp tonsh ire R ecord O ff ice

S u ton -unde r -B ra i le s a ccoun t s , 1 291 -2 , 1 304 -5 , 1 323 -4 , 1 377 -8 , t B u r ton D as td eed , 1 497 ,T emp le ( S towe ) ,b ox 4 /bund le l a / 1 se t

1 379 -80 , D 1099 /M31/9 , 2 3 ,4 0 ,4 4 ,4 6

C he s te r ton d eed , 1 508 , S pence r MSS . 1 49 1 F i long ley d eed , 1 317 ,T h .1495 l

H ere f ord a nd Worce s ter R ecord O ff i ce , S t . H e len 's B ranch (Worce s ter )

P r io r s Ma r s ton d eed , 1 355 , S pence r MSS . 1 559 Wo l fhampco te d eed s , 1 344 , D 4 137 ; 1 416 , D 1116 Wo rm le igh ton c our tr o l s , 1 387 -1522 , S pence r MSS . r o l s2 16 , 2 26 l l

B i shop r ic o f Wo r ce s te r , H amp ton [ Lucy ] c our t r o l , 1 453 , 0 0 1 :9 l BA 2 636 1 64 9 2 178a ; H amp ton [ Lucy ] a coun t r o ls , 1 376 -7 c l

U n iver s i ty o fN ot tingham

a nd 1 392 -3 , 0 09 :1 BA 2 636 1 63 9 2 16 1 a nd 9 2 169 C a lenda ro f Manu sc r ip t sa t Mad re s f ie ld C ou r t

T he d ocum en t s c on su l ted a r e a r om t h e M idd le ton Manu sc r ip t s l f ( M . MSS . ) .

J ohn R y land sU n iver s i ty L ibrary o f Manche s ter T he B rom ley D avenpor t Manu sc r ip t s ( a bb rev ia ted t o BD i n t h i s

B randon c our tr o l , 1 470 , M i M 1 28 /3 l

s t udy ) h ave n o t b een f u ly i n dexed . T he c o lec t ion c on s is t s ma in ly l l

B randon s u r vey s , 1 57 1 -c .I5 80 , M i M 2 32

o fd eed s , w i th s ome m ed ieva l a ccoun t s a nd moder n e s ta te r e co rd s .

B randon d eed s , 1 366 , M i D3 956 ; 1 582 , M i D a9 4

T hey a r e a cces le b yp l ace . C op ie so ft h em ap o fB ubbenha l a nd sib l

C o le sh i ld eed , 1 520 , M i D3 980 l

o f t h e a company ing e nc lo su re a wa rd i n 1 726 a r e i n W .C .R .O . , c

E rd ing ton c ou r tr o ls , 1 413 -17 , M i M 1 29 / 1 , 3 l

Z 4 14 (U ) a nd Z 4 13 (Sm ) .

F o le sh i ld eed s ,n . d . , M i D4 007 ; 1 327 , M i D4 0 11 l G rendon d eed s , n . d . , M i D4 02 1 ,4 022 , 4 027 ,4 028 K ing sbury d eed s , n . d . , M i D4 04 1 , 4 054 , 4 059 , 4 515 ; 1 240 -1 , M i

K ing 's C o lege ,C ambr idge l

D4 070 , 4 07 1 ; T he C o lege a cqu i red t h e l a nd s o f Woo ton Wawen P r iory . l t

1 300 , M i D4 020 / 1 ; 1 331 , M i D4 09 1 ;

r e co rd s i n c lude m ed ieva l d eed s , a ccoun t a nd c ou r t r o ls a nd e a r ly l

K ing sbury c opy r e n ta l , 1 527 -8 , M i M 1 30 /47B

moder ns u rvey s .

K ing sbu ry c ou r tr o l , 1 514 , M i M 1 30 /2 l L ea Ma r s ton d eed s , n . d . , M i D4 163 , 4 169 , 4 174 , 4 177 ;

Woo ton Wawen d eed s , n . d . , WO W /87 , 9 0 , 9 4 , 9 5 , 10 ; t

1 316 , M i

D4 196

1 285 ,

M idd le ton d eed s , n . d . , M i D4 253 , 4 255 , 4 265 , 4 270 , 4 27 1 , 4 277 ,

WO W /52 ; 1 401 , WO W /56 ; 1 445 , WO W / 128 Woo ton Wawen s u rvey s , 1 565 , S 53 ; t

1 332 ,

M i D4 094

T he

4 29 1 , 4 299 ,4 300 , 4 306 , 4 328 ; 1 249 , M i D4 3 10 ; 1 286 , M i D

1 736 , S 44 ( c op ie s i n

4 317 ; 1 297 , M i D4 323 ; 1 299 , M i D4 325 ; 1 333 , M i D4 382 ;

W .C .R .O . , M I 1 76 )

1 333 , M i D4 384 ; 1 352 , M i D4413 ; 1 385 ,M i D4 525 /2

Woo ton Wawen a ccoun t s , 1 449 -50 , WO W223 t

M idd le ton c opy o fa s ize p roceed ing s , 1 247 , M i D a8 4 /4 s M idd le ton m ano r ia l s u rvey , 1 419 -20 , M i M 1 24

L e ice s ter sh ire R ecord O ff ice

M idd le ton a coun t s , 1 454 -5 , 5 / 167 / 102 ; c

c ou r t r o ls , 1 308 , M i M l

3 1/4 ; 1 315 , M i M 1 3 1/9 ; 1 375 , M i M 1 3 1/27 ; 1 387 , M i M 1

C layb rooke (W ib tof t ) t i the a wa rd , 1 845 ,T i /70 / 1 ( DE76 ) W i ley e s ta te m ap , 1 805 , ( DG28 ) DE66 b ox 2 209 l

1 3 1/29 M idd le ton r e n ta l s , M i M 1 75 , 2 06 , 2 07

Wo lvey d eed s , n . d . , a nd 1 226 , DE2559 / 105 , 1 06

M idd le ton s u rvey o fd eme sne l a nd s , 1 605 , M i M2 37 / 1 L ichf ie ld J o in tR ecord O ff i ce

M idd le ton e s ta te m ap a nd k ey , 1 865 , M i 2S 10 ,M i 2P 5A S tud ley s u rvey , 1 419 -20 , M i M 1 24

Am ing ton e s ta te m ap ,n . d . ( ?n i ne teen th c en tu ry ) , D /W / 1851/ 10 /3

S u ton C o ldf ie ld r e n ta l ,n . d . , M i D a8 4 /4 1 t

B i shop r ic o f C oven t ry a nd L ichf ie ld , e s ta te a ccoun t s , 1 305 -6 ,

S u ton C o ldf ie ld d eed s , n . d . , M i D3 949 / 1 ; 1 581 , M i D a8 7 t S u ton C o ldf ie ld c ou r tr o ls , 1 411 -1519 , M i M 1 34 / 1 , 3 ,9 ,2 0 , 2 1 t l

D 30 /N6

S u ton C o ldf ie ld ( mano r o f B e ref rd i n c lud ing W igg in s H i l ) t fo l s u rvey , n . d . ,6 / 170 /73

Magda len C o lege , O xford l

We le sbou rne d eed , 1 261 -2 , M i D3 933 l Woo ton Wawen manor ia l s u rvey , 1 419 -20 , M i M 1 24 t

T y soe d eed , n . d . , We s tco te 3 3 We s t co t en o te sa nd e v idence s , n . d . , We s tco te 12 2 62

L R 1 5 : E xcheque r : L and R evenue : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sE E

f P ub l ic R ecord Of i ce

R eq . 2 : C ou r to fR eque s t s se T he c l as s o fr e co rd w h ich h ave b een c on su l ted a r e l i s ted b e low ,

l l S C2 : S pec ia lC o lec t ion s : C ou r tr o ls

l f o lowed b y t h e

l S C6 : S pec ia lC o lec t ion s : M in i s te r s ' A ccoun t s

i n d iv idua l

r e f e rence s

i n a l phabe t ica l

o rde r

c a co rd ing t o t h e p l a ce , e s ta te ( f o r e xamp le , t h e e a r ldom o f

l S C 8 : S pec ia lC o lec t ions : A nc ien tP e t i t ion s

s l Wa rw ick , S t one le igh A bbey ) o r s ub jec t ( e .g . A s ize R o l s , F o r e s t

l S C 1 : S pec ia l C o lec t ion s : R en ta ls a nd S urvey s [ Gene ra l S e r ie s ] : l R o ls

P roceed ing s , Mona s t ic A ccoun t s )t ow h ich t h ey r e f e r .

l S C 1 2 : S pec ia lC o lec t ion s : R en ta ls a nd S u rvey s [ Gene ra l S e r ie s ] : P o r tf o l io s

l C 53 : C hance ry : C ha r te rR o l s l C 54 : C hance ry : C lo se R o l s

S t aC ha : C ou r to fS t a rC hambe rP roceed ing s

C8 1 : C hance ry : A nc ien tP e t i t ion s

Wa rd 2 : C ou r to f Wa rd sa nd L ive r ie s : D eed sa nd E v idence s

e r ie sI ,H en ry I I C1 32 : C hance ry : I nqu i s i t ion sP o s t Mor tem , S e r ie sI ,E dwa rd I C1 33 : C hance ry : I nqu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S

s l A s ize r o l s , 1 231 -2 , J UST 1 / 951A ;

1 246 -7 , J UST 1 / 952 ;

1 260 ,

dwa rd I C1 34 : C hance ry : I nqu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S e r ie sI ,E

J UST 1 / 953 ; 1 261 -2 , J UST 1 / 954 ; 1 272 , J UST 1 / 955 ; 1 284 -

e r ie sI ,E dwa rd I I C1 35 : C hance ry : I nqu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S

5 ,J UST 1 / 958 ;

icha rd I e r ie sI ,R C1 36 : C hance ry : I n qu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S

1 306 -7 , J UST 1 / 966 ;

en ry I V e r ie sI ,H C1 37 : C hance ry : I nqu i s i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S

1 / 969 ;

C1 38 : C hance ry : I nqu i s i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S e r ie sI ,H en ry V

J UST 1 / 1228 ;

en ry V I C1 39 : C hance ry : I nqu i s i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S e r ie sI ,H

1 278 -88 , J UST 1 / 1245 ; 1 287 -8 , J UST 1 / 1278 ; 1 287 -8 , J UST

1 295 -8 , J UST 1 / 964 ;

1 303 -7 , J UST 1 / 965 ;

1 314 -8 , J UST 1 / 968 ;

1 329 -30 , J UST 1 / 970 ;

1 314 -9 , J UST

1 380 -1 , J UST 1 / 973 ;

1 275 -7 , J UST 1 / 1231 ;

1 274 -7 ,

1 276 -8 , J UST 1 / 1237 ;

C1 40 : C hance ry : I nqu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S e r ie sI ,E dwa rd I V

1 / 1279 ;

e r ie sI ,R icha rd I I C1 4 1 : C hance ry : I nqu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S

1 / 1316 ; 1 30 1 -2 , J UST 1 / 1320 ; 1 328 -41 , J UST 1 / 1400 ; 1 364 -

1 288 -9 , J UST 1 / 1283A , 1 283B ;

1 299 -1300 , J UST

9 ,J UST 1 / 1472 ; 1 395 -8 ,J UST 1/ 1508

e r ie sI ,H I C1 42 : C hance ry : I n qu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S en ry V I C1 46 : C hance ry : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sC

A bbo t sS a lf o rd d eed , 1 314 ,C P2 5 / 1/245 /42

C1 47 : C hance ry : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie s CC

A lce s te rp a r t icu la r sf o rg ran t s , 1 544 , E 318 / 19 /984

C1 48 : C hance ry : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sC S

l A le s ley r e n ta l , 1 298 -1300 , S C 1 /679

C 263 /2 : C hance ry : E xemp l if ica t ion s

l A le s ley i n qu is i t ion p o s t mo r tem , 1 325 , C1 34 /9 1/27

C P2 5 : C ou r to fC ommon P l ea s : F ee to fF ine s

l l A le s ley ,B i rd ingbu ry a nd F i long ley s u rvey , 1 392 , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

DL 2 9 : D uchy o fL anca s te r : M in i s te r s 'A ccoun t s

A lspa th d eed s , 1 202 ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /6 ; 1 40 1 , E 315 /31/235 ; 1 454 , E 3 26 /8944 ; 1 408 , E 329 /222

DL 4 3 : D uchy o fL anca s te r : R en ta ls a nd S u rvey s

t A lveco te a nd S hu t ing ton e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 805 , E1 3 / 1187 ( c opy

l E1 3 : E xcheque r : E xcheque ro fP l ea s : P l ea R o ls

i nW .C .R .O . ,M I 1 4 1)

E3 2 : J u s t ice s o ft h e F o re s t : R eco rd s f o rme r ly i nt h e T rea su ry o f

Am ing ton d eed , 1 214 ,C P 2 5 / 1/242 /9

t h eR ece ip to ft h eE xcheque r l E3 6 : E xcheque r : T rea su ry o fR ece ip t : M isce laneou sB ook s

A n s ley d eed s , n . d . , E 3 15 /4 1/20 ;

1 413 , E 2 12 /93 ;

1 535 , C

1 46 /9980

E4 0 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sA E4 1 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie s AA

A n s ty d eed , 1 256 ,C P2 5 / 1/244 /24

E4 2 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S er ie sA S

A r ley d eed , 1 202 -3 ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /6

E1 06 : E xcheque r : E x ten t so fA l ien P r io r ie s

A show d eed s , n . d . , E2 10 /3697 , 7 497 ; E3 26 /459 , 4 97 , 3 47 1 ; E

E 149 : E xcheque r : I nqu is i t ion sP o s t Mo r tem , S e r ie sI

3 15 /51/73 ;

E 1 52 :

2 10 /6517 ; 1 340 ,E 315 /47 / 115 ; 1 375 , E2 10 /5451

E xcheque r :

K ing ' s R ememb rance r :

E n ro lmen t s o f

1 301 , LR 1 4 /229 ;

1 324 , E2 10 /5693 ;

1 327 -8 , E

l A show c ou r tr o l s , 1 389 -1439 , S C2 / 207 /77 , 7 9

I n qu i s i t ion s

A show l e a se o fw ood s , 1 537 , E3 03 / 17 /285

l E1 64 : E xcheque r : K ing 's R ememb rance r : M isce laneou s B ook s ,

A s t ley i n qu i s i t ion p o s t mor tem , 1 300 , C1 33 /98 /32

S e r ie sI

A s ton C an t low i n qu is i t ion sp o s t mo r tem , 1 254 -1436 , C1 32 / 17 / 15 ,

sion E1 78 : E xcheque r : K ing 's R ememb rance r : S pec ia l C omm is s

C1 33 /2 /7 , C1 35 /4 1/ 19 , C1 39 /76

o fE nqu i ry E2 10 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sD

A s ton C an t low d eed , 1 395 -6 ,C 263 /2 / 1

E2 11 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie s DD

l l A s ton C an t low s u rvey ( w i th A le s ley , B ubbenha l , e t c . ) , 1 392 , DL 4 3 / 14 /3

E2 12 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sD S f E3 03 : E xcheque r : A ugmen ta t ion s Of i ce : C onven tua lL ea se s

I I15694 A s ton C an t low a ccoun t s , 1 539 -40 ,S C6 /Hen VI

l E3 15 : E xcheque r : A ugmen ta t ion sO ff ice : M i sce laneou sB ook s

A the r s tone -on -S tou rd eed , 1 497 -8 ,C P2 5 / 1/248 /74

f E 318 : E xcheque r : A ugmen ta t ion s Of i ce : P a r t icu la r s f o r G ran t s

B adde s ley E n so rl e a se , 1 532 , E3 03 /7 / 12 1 B ag in ton l e a se , 1 529 ,E 303 / 18 /519

o fC rown L and s E3 26 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sB

B ag in ton S t a rC hambe re v idence , 1 447 , S t a .Cha .2 /XX 152

E3 27 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie s BX

l B a l sa ld eed ,n . d . , E2 10 /5586

E3 28 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie s BB

l B a l sa l

s u rvey s ,

1 540 ,

W .C .R .O . , Z 146 /3 ) ;

E3 29 : E xcheque r : A nc ien tD eed s , S e r ie sB S

E 3 15 /36 1

( w i th

B a r s ton )

( c opy

i n

1 581 , L R 2 / 185 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I

2 95 )

l l E3 52 : E xcheque r : P ipe O ff ice : C hance lo r 's R o ls

B a r f o rd d eed s ,n . d . , E3 15 /52 / 125 ; 1 326 , E3 26 /292 1

l 3 64 : E xcheque r : P ipe O ff ice : F o re ign A ccoun t sR o l s

B ea r ley d eed s , n . d . , E2 10 /7462 , E3 15 /4 1/265 , E3 15 /43 / 155 , E

l E3 72 : E xcheque r : P ipe O ff ice : P ipe R o ls

3 15 /45 / 106 , E3 26 /772 , 8 453 ; 1 249 , E3 26 /4566

s l J UST 1 :A s iz eR o ls l KB 2 6 : C u r ia R eg is R o l s

B eaude se r td eed , 1 467 , E4 0 /9087 ; 1 442 -3 , E3 15 /4 1/99

l L R2 : E xcheque r : L and R evenue : M i sce laneou sB ook s

B eau sa le ( a nd H on i ley )d eed , 1 209 ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /8

L R 1 4 : E xcheque r : L and R evenue : A nc ien tD eed s ,S e r ie sE 2 63

B edwo r th d eed s , n . d . , E3 26 /3608 , E3 15 /35 /232 , E 326 / 10790 ; 1 270 ,

E 3 26 /388 ;

1 275 -6 ,

E 3 26 / 11258 ;

? 1282 ,

C oven t ry C a thed ra l P r io ry R eg i s te r , E1 64 /2 1 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I4 09 )

E

3 26 / 11257B ; 1 287 , E3 26 / 10773 ; 1 315 , E3 26 / 11652 ; 1 333 ,

C ubb ing ton d eed s , n . d . , E 315 /31/34 , E3 15 / 37 /56 , E 315 /48 /7 1 , E

E3 26 / 10778

2 10 /5389 , 8 793 , 9 112 ; 1 220 -2 , E 210 /318 ; 1 273 , E 210 /4582 ; 1 341 , E2 10 /4443

B edwo r th m emo randum o fd eed s ,n . d . , E3 26 / 12950 B edwo r th l e a se , 1 538 , E 303 / 17 /2 19

C u rdwo r th d eed , 1 224 ,P .R .O . ,C P2 5 / 1/243 / 13

B edwo r th s p ec ia l i n qu is i t ion 1 633 -4 , E1 78 /5689

D unchu rch ( lof t )d eed ,n . d . , E3 26 / 10316

l B e rk swe l i n qu i s i t ion p os t mo r tem , 1 325 , C1 34 /90 / 16

E lmdon d eed ,n . d . , C1 46 /2025

l B e rk swe l s u rvey , 1 553 , E3 6 / 167

3 E rd ing ton i n qu i s i t ion s p o s t m or tem , 1 282 , C 1 3 /32 ;

l B ickenh i ld eed s , 1 240 , C P 2 5 / 1/243 / 19 ; 1 27 1 -2 ,C P2 5 / 1/244 /29

E rd ing ton d eed , 1 282 , E2 10 /8735

B in ley l e a se s , 1 538 , E3 03 / 16 /36 ,3 9 , 5 7 , 8 0

l E xha l( by C oven t ry )d eed s ,n . d . , E3 26 / 1225 , 5 806

B in ley p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t , 1 547 ,E 318 /38 /2042

l E xha l ( by C oven t ry )l e a se , 1 528 ,E 303 / 17 /2 16

B in ton d eed s , n . d . , E 315 /37 /2 13 ; E 315 /40 /2 1 , 1 93 ; E 315 /4 1/88 , 1 49 ;

E3 15 /44 /2 18 , 2 23 ;

1 433 ,

C 139 /63

l c B e rk swe l a coun t s , 1 455 -6 , S C6 / 1038 /2

E 3 15 /45 /5 , 3 9 , 1 77 , 2 0 1 ;

l E xha l ( by C oven t ry ) p a r t icu la r s f o r g r an t s , 1 544 , E3 18 /6 /20 1 ;

E

1 546 -7 , E3 18 /22 / 1190

3 15 /46 / 156 ; E3 15 /47 /233 , 2 59 ; E 315 /48 /209 ; E 315 /49 / 135 ;

l F i long ley i n qu is i t ion s p o s t m o r tem , 1 313 , C 1 34 / 13 / 1 ;

( w i th

l A le s ley ) 1 325 , C1 34 /9 1/27 ; 1 436 , C1 39 /76

E 315 /50 / 111 , 1 25 ,2 6 1 ; E 315 /52 /245 B i shop r ic o f Wo r ce s te ri n qu i s i t ion p os t mo r tem , 1 353 , E1 52 /9 1

l F o le sh i lp a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 544 , E 318 /22 / 1175

l r I I) B i shop ' sT a chb rook ( Ta chb rook Ma lo ry )t e r ie r ,n . d . ( t .H en . VI ,

F o re s tP roceed ing s , 1 26 1 -1280 , E3 2 /227 -231 , 1 300 -1 , E3 2 /255 F u lb rook i n qu is i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 478 , C1 40 /67

S C 1 /9 17 B i shop ton l a nd sr e n ta l , 1 446 -7 , S C 1 /819

G raf ton d eed , 1 247 , C P2 5 / 1/243 /21

B r ink low ( a nd B randon )d eed , 1 226 ,C P2 5 / 1/243 / 15

G raf ton p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 545 , E 318 /20 /999

B r ink low l e a se , 1 538 , E3 03 / 16 /86

G randbo rough d eed ,n . d . , E3 15 /378

l B ubbenha li n qu i s i t ion p o s tm or tem , 1 391 , E1 49 /60 / 16

H a lf o rd p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 545 , E 318 / 18 /874

l B ubbenha ll e a se , 1 371 , E4 2 /219

l H amp ton in -A rden c our tr o l , 1 376 , S C2 / 207 /31

l c B ubbenha la nd L adb roke a coun t s , 1 385 -6 , S C6 / 104 1/ 12

H amp ton in -A rden r e n ta l , 1 588 -9 , S C 1 2 /26 /67

B udb rooke e x ten t , 1 290 -1 , S C 1 2 / 14 /87

H amp ton in -A rden i n qu i s i t ion , 1 591 , E1 78 /2347

B udb rooke i n qu i s i t ion p o s t mo r tem ( mano r o fL a G rave ) , 1 316 , C

H amp ton in -A rden e s ta te m ap , 1 812 , MPEE /84 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . , Z 151)

1 34 /47 / 18 B udb rooke d eed , 1 507 , E 315 /34 / 148

H amp ton in -A rden l e a se , 1 6 13 , L R 1 5 /2 /68

B u lk ing ton d eed , E4 0 /4317

H amp ton L ucy g ran t , 1 549 ,C 54 /463

B u lk ing ton ( We s ton in -A rden ) i n qu i s i t ion s p o s t mo r tem , 1 277 , C

H amp ton L ucy p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t , 1 557 , E3 18 /4 1/2 19 1 l H a r t sh i li n qu is i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 276 , C1 33 / 14 /2

1 33 / 17 /5 ; 1 299 , C1 33 /90 /2 l B u lk ing ton ( Ba rnac le )c ou r tr o l , 1 380 , S C2 / 207 /33 C a ludon i n qu is i t ion s p o s t mo r tem , 1 316 , C 1 34 /97 /5 ;

H a se lo r( Up ton )d eed , 1 314 ,C P2 5 / 1/245 /42 ( w i th

H a se lo ri n qu i s i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 316 , C1 34 /46 / 14

We s ton i u x ta C he r ing ton ) , 1 425 , C1 39 / 16 / 12

H a se lo rl e a se , 1 534 , E3 03 / 18 /502

C a s t le B romw ich d eed , 1 360 , E4 0 / 11983

H a se lo rp a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 544 ,E 318 /2 1/998

c C a te sby f am i ly a coun t s , 1 385 -6 , S C6 / 104 1/2

t H a ton d eed s , n . d . , E3 15 /47 / 129 ; E4 0 /6377 , 6 947 ;

C a ldeco te i n qu i s i t ion p o s t mor tem , 1 364 , C1 35 / 181/ 16

1 309 , E

4 0 /8284 ; 1 516 , E4 0 / 3952

C hacombe P r io ry R eg i s te r , E 315 /378

t H a ton K ing 's B ench c a se , 1 267 , KB 2 6 / 176 ,r o t s4 d ,2 7 r

C he s te r ton i n qu is i t ion , 1 293 , E1 52 /4

l H odne ld eed s ,n . d . , E4 0 /4393 ,7 220

C he s te r ton i n qu is i t ion s p o s t m o r tem , 1 300 , C1 33 /93 /24 ; 1 353 , C

H on i ley d eed , 1 209 ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /8 I d l ico te l e a se , 1 527 , E3 03 / 17 /268

1 35 / 123 /5

row I nkber

C h i lve r s C o ton d eed s , n . d . , E 326 / 1464 , 3 964 ; E 315 / 39 / 17 ; 1 241 , . E3 15 /38 /89 ; 1 356 , E3 26 /3731 ; 1 221 ,C P2 5 / 1/243 / 11

( Wo r ce s te r sh i re )

c a coun t s ,

1 539 -40 ,

S C

6 /Hen

I I/5694 VI c K en i lwo r th a coun t s , 1 388 -9 , DL 2 9 /463 /7539 ;

C h i lve r sC o ton l e a se , 1 491 , E3 03 / 17 /24 1 C h i lve r s C o ton ( A rbu ry P r io ry ) a ccoun t s , s u rvey s a nd r e n ta l s , E

2 9 /463 /7540 ;

1 439 -40 ,

2 9 /463 /7542 ;

1 444 -5 ,

C hu rchove rl e a se s , 1 535 -7 , E 303 / 16 /82 ,6 0

2 9 /463 /7546 ;

C lave rdon i n qu is i t ion p o s t mo r tem , 1 325 , C1 34 /90 / 16 C lave rdon d eed s , n . d . , E3 15 /38 /4 1 ;

1 438 -9 , DL

2 9 /463 /754 1 ;

1 440 -1 ,

DL

DL

2 9 /463 /7545 ;

1 446 -7 ,

DL

1 448 -9 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7547 ;

1 460 -1 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7548 ;

1 46 1 -2 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7549 ;

1 46 1 -2 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7550 ;

1 462 -3 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7551 ;

1 463 -4 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7552 ;

1 464 -5 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7553 ;

1 465 -6 ,

DL

C lave rdon ( Songa r )p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 545 , E3 18 /2 1/ 112 1

2 9 /463 /7554 ;

1 465 -6 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7555 ;

1 468 -9 ,

D L

l C o le sh i ld eed , 1 200 ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /4

2 9 /463 /7556 ;

1 469 -70 ,

2 9 /463 /7557 ;

1 470 -1 ,

DL

l C o le sh i ld eed ,n . d . , E3 26 / 10722

2 9 /463 /7558 ;

1 470 -1 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /7559 ;

1 47 1 -2 ,

DL

l C o le sh i ls u rvey , 1 495 , S C 1 /683

2 9 /463 /7560 ;

1 472 -3 ,

DL

2 9 /463 /756 1 ;

1 474 -5 ,

DL

C oombe l e a se s , 1 537 -8 , E3 03 / 16 /55 ,3 6

2 9 /463 /7562 ; 1 482 -3 , DL 2 9 /463 /7563

3 15 /400 ; E3 15 /404

E3 15 /39 / 13 ; E3 26 / 1107 ,

4 883 , 14 16

C ough ton c onf i rma t ion o fg r an t , 1 241 , C5 3 /34

DL

K en i lwo r th p e t i t ion s , c . 1324 -5 , S C 8 / 55 /2750 , C 8 1 / 129 /7 129 ; c . 1322 , S C8 / 16 1/8023

C ough ton F o re s tp roceed ing s , 1 270 -1 , E3 2 /229

C ov en t r y d eed s , 1 208 , C P 2 5 / 1/242 /8 ;

DL

K en i lwo r th s u rvey s , c . 1545 , S C 1 2 / 16 /22 ;

1 244 , C P 2 5 / 1/243 /20 ;

i nW .C .R .O . ,M I2 95 )

1 262 ,C P2 5 / 1/244 /26

2 64

1 58 1 , L R 2 / 185 ( c opy

l K en i lwo r th p a r t icu la r s f o r g r an t s , 1 545 ( Rudf en a nd B lackwe l ) , E

l P a r t icu la r s f o rg r an t s , m isce laneou s , 1 541 , E3 18 /5 / 144 ; 1 544 , E

3 18 / 16 /743 ; 1 545 , E3 18 /2 1/ 1143

3 18 /2 1/998 ; 1 545 , E3 18 /2 1/ 112 1

K en i lwo r th r e n ta l , 1 589 -90 , S C 1 2 /27 / 36

P o le swo r th p a r t icu la r s f o r g r an t s , 1 545 , E3 18 / 11/499 ;

K en i lwo r th e s ta te m ap , 1 628 , MR 3 11 S /0777 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . , ) Z 150 (U )

P oo ley ( i nP o le swo r th )i n qu i s i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 285 , C1 33 /4 1/5

K en i lwo r th P a r l iamen ta ry s u rvey ,

1 649 ,

E 3 17 / 15

( c opy i n

P r e s ton B ago td eed ,n . d . , E3 26 /2953

W .C .R .O . ,M I 2 45 )

P r io r sH a rdw ick d eed ,n . d . , E4 0 /900 1

K e re s ley p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 541 -2 , E 318 / 1/ 18 l K ing ' s B ench r o ls , 1 254 , KB 2 6 / 154 ;

P r io r s Ma r s ton r e n ta l ,n . d . , S C 1 2 /40 / 106

1 259 , KB 2 6 / 162 ;

1 260 ,

R a t ley a nd R y ton d eed s ,n . d . , E3 26 / 11626 , E3 29 /234

KB 2 6 / 164 ; 1 266 , KB 2 6 / 176

R e l ig iou s

K ing ' s N ew ton ( i n S eck ing ton ) i n qu is i t ion p o s t m o r tem , 1 285 , c

h ou se s

I I/3736 VI ;

1 33 /4 1 /5

so ( d is lved )

a ccoun t s ,

1 537 -8 ,

S C

I I/3737 1 538 -9 , S C 6 /Hen VI , 3 738 ;

6 /Hen

1 545 -6 , S C

1 1/3745 6 /Hen V1

K ing sbu ry d eed , 1 411 ,C P2 5 / 1/248 /68

so c R e l ig iou s h ou se s ( d is lved ) v o lume s o f a coun t s , s u rvey s a nd

c K now le a coun t s , 1 355 -6 , S C 6 / 1039 / 19 ; 1 406 -7 , S C 6 / 1039 /22 ;

1 400 -1 , S C 6 / 1039 /2 1 ;

1 408 -9 , S C 6 / 1040 / 1 ;

r e n ta l s , v a r iou s d a te s , E3 15 /400 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 3 14 ) ,

1 409 -10 , S C

E3 15 /404 , LR 2 / 18 1

6 / 1040 /2 ; 1 454 -5 , S C 6 / 1040 /3 ; 1 458 -9 , S C 6 / 1040 /4 ; 1 459 -

R ow ing ton s u rvey s , 1 543 -4 , E3 15 /457 ; 1 605 , L R2 / 228

6 0 , S C 6 / 1040 /5 ;

S a lf o rd ( Abbo t s )d eed , 1 314 ,C P2 5 / 1/245 /42

1 464 -5 , S C 6 / 1040 /6 ;

1 500 -1 , S C 6 /Hen

I V I /875

S a lf o rd l e a se , 1 531 , E 303 / 17 /293

l K now le c ou r tr o l , 1 532 , S C2 / 207 /47

S h r ew ley i n qu is i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 316 , C1 34 /47 / 14

K now le s u rvey s , 1 576 , Wa rd 2 / 39 / 146 1 /82 ;

( w i th R ow ing ton )

S huckbu rgh d eed , 1 246 -7 ,C P2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

1 605 ,L R2 / 228

l S huckbu rgh c ou r tr o l , 1 317 -8 , S C2 / 207 /69

L adb roke r e n ta l , 1 374 , S C 1 2 / 16 /27

S hu s toke d eed ,n . d . , E4 0 /9877

L ang ley d eed ,n . d . , E 315 /49 /43

S hu s toke i n qu i s i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 327 , C1 35 /5 /5

L apwo r th d eed s , n . d . , E4 0 /4264 , 4 380 , 4 660 ; 1 36 1 , E4 0 /4366 ;

n . d . , E

3 18 / 15 /7 10

1 364 , E4 0 /4246 ;

1 350 , E4 0 /4655 ;

l S o l ihu l d eed s , 1 310 , E3 26 /3642 ;

1 381 , E3 15 /43 /2 16 ;

1 407 , E4 0 /4384 ; 1 408 , E4 0 /44 16 ; 1 418 , E4 0 /427 1 ; 1 420 , E

S ou tham d eed , 1 481 , E4 1/517

L apwo r th r e n ta l( B i shop ton l a nd s ) , 1 446 -7 , S C 1 /819

S owe d eed s ,

L apwo r th i n qu i s i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 299 , C1 33 /88 /6

1 200 , C P 2 5 / 1/242 /3 ;

n . d . , E 3 15 /4 1/2 19 , E

3 15 /45 / 18 , E3 26 / 10026

E 3 15 /20 /49 ;

E

S owe s u rvey , 1 338 -9 , S C 1 2 / 16 /42

3 15 /36 / 108 ; E3 15 /4 1/86 ; E3 15 /48 /255 ; E3 26 / 1917 , 5 907 ,

l S pema l

5 972 , 8 474 -76 , 8 6 16 ,9 308 ; E3 29 / 19

p a r t icu la r s

f o r

g r an t s

l ( Cookh i l

P r io ry ) ,

1 542 ,

E

3 18 / 10 /446

c L igh tho rne a coun t s , 1 425 -6 ,S C6 / 1040 /7

f c I S t af o rd e a r ldom a coun t s , 1 504 -5 , S C6 /Hen V I 1867 ; 1 506 -7 , S C

L igh tho rne i n qu i s i t ion s p o s t m o r tem , 1 301 , C1 33 / 100 / 1 ; 1 325 , C

I 6 /Hen V I /868

1 34 /90 / 16

l S t iv icha lr e n ta l , 1 425 , S C 1 2 / 16 /45

c L ong C omp ton a coun t s , 1 292 -8 , E3 52 /94

l S t okeh i ld eed , 1 252 ,C P2 5 / 1/244 /23

L ong I t ch ing ton i n qu i s i t ion s p o s t mo r tem , 1 305 , C 1 33 / 119 /5 ;

l S t one le igh A bbey c ou r t r o l s , 1 389 , S C 2 / 207 /77 ;

1 347 , C1 3 5 /83 /25 ; 1 352 , C1 35 / 120 / 11

1 432 -9 , S C

2 / 207 /79

L ong L aw f o rd d eed ,n . d . , E3 15 /53 / 189

S t one le igh d eed s , n . d . , E 210 /2 10 , 7 314 , 8 066 , E 326 /6228 ; 1 245 ,

l L ongdon ( i nS o l ihu l )p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t , 1 544 , E3 18 /4 / 12 1 t Mance te r d eed s , 1 232 , C P 2 5 / 1/243 / 17 ;

C P 2 5 / 1/243 /20 ; 1 297 , E 326 /6180 ; 1 346 , E 210 /8333 ; 1 387 ,

1 234 , C P 2 5 / 1/243 / 18 ;

E3 26 /3958

1 315 ,C P2 5 / 1/245 /42

S t one le igh p e t i t ion ,c . I2 90 , S C 8 / 269 / 13404

Maxs toke i n qu i s i t ion p o s tm o r tem , 1 295 , C1 33 /73 /2

S t one le igh r e n ta l , 1 535 , S C 1 2 /3 /35

Maxs toke d eed , 1 419 , E2 10 /62 1

S t one le igh

c Me reva le A bbey r e n ta ls a nd a coun t s ,c .1 496 -7 , E3 15 /283

p a r t icu la r s

f o r

g ran t s ,

1 544 ,

E 3 18 /23 / 128 1 ,

E

3 18 /4 / 106 t se d S t re ton -on -Fos eed s ,n . d . , E3 26 /4812 ,4 8 17 ,4 835 ,4 843

M idd le ton i n qu i s i t ion s p o s tm o r tem , 1 291 -2 , C1 33 /62 /5 ; 1 313 , C

t se l S t r e ton -on -Fos e a se s , 1 537 , E3 03 /20 /30 ,4 6 ,6 4

1 34 /34 / 14 M inwo r th e s ta te m ap , 1 588 , MPB

1 349 , C

l S o l ihu lp e t i t ion , 1 500 o r1 524 ,R eq . 2 / 4 /36 1

4 0 /4360 ; 1 569 , E4 0 / 12374 ; 1 586 , E4 1/ 124

L ee ( i n B i shop 's T a chb rook ) d eed s , n . d . ,

1 331 , C 1 46 /996 ;

1 46 /2960 ; 1 368 , C1 46 / 10 192

1 0 (2 ) ( c opy i n W .C .R .O . ,

S t ud ley d eed s ,n . d . , E4 0 /9 136 ; 1 369 , E4 1 /375 S t ud ley i n qu is i t ion p o s t mo r tem , 1 296 , C1 33 /76 /4

) Z 567 (U ) Monk s 'K i rby d eed s ,n . d . , E2 10 /8794 ; 1 317 , E2 10 /9000

T anwo r th in -A rden p a r t icu la r sf o rg ran t s , 1 544 , E3 18 /2 1 / 1124

Monk s ' K i rby r e n ta l s , 1 428 -9 o r 1 491 -2 , S C 1 /685 ;

T anwor th in -A rden d eed , 1 374 , E4 0 /66 10

1 493 -4 , S C

1 /688

T he l sf o rd p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 544 ,E 318 /22 / 12 12

N ewbo ld -on -Avon r e n ta l s , 1 484 -94 , S C 1 /685 -8

T y soe d eed ,n . d . , E3 15 /48 / 115

N ewbo ld -on -Avon d eed ,n . d . , E3 15 /53 / 189

Wappenbu ry d eed , 1 208 -9 ,C P2 5 / 1/242 /8

N unea ton d eed s ,n . d . , E3 26 / 1882 , 8 008

Wa rw ick , S t . Ma ry 's ,c a r tu la ry , E1 64 /22 ( c opy i nW .C .R .O . ,Z 251)

N unea ton l e a se s , 1 538 , E3 03 / 17 /383 ,4 00 ; 1 534 , E3 03 / 17 /388

l Wa rw ick ( S tokeh i l )d eed , 1 252 , C P2 5 / 1/244 /23

f O f chu r ch d eed , 1 252 ,C P2 5 / 1/244 /23

Wa rw ick e a r ldom e s ta te s i n Wa rw ick sh i re ,

i n qu i s i t ion s p o s t

O ldbu ry l e a s e s , 1 538 ,E 303 / 18 /431 ,4 44

m o r tem , 1 268 , C 1 32 /35 / 1 3 ;

O ldbu ry p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 541 ,E 318 /20 / 1077

1 34 /49 ,5 1 ; 1 325 , C1 34 /90 / 16 ; 1 400 -1 , C1 37 /27

1 298 , C 1 33 /86 / 1 ;

c Wa rw ick e a r ldom a coun t s , 1 321 , S C 6 / 1040 /24 ;

ö ve r s ley a nd W ixf o rd i n qu i s i t ion sp o s t mo r tem , 1 287 , C1 33 /49 /3 ; 1 334 , C1 3 5 /38 /31 P a ck ing ton p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 544 , E 318 / 10 /434 2 65

1 316 , C

1 479 -80 , DL

2 9 /642 / 1042 1 ;

1 480 -1 , DL 2 9 /642 / 10422 ;

1 480 -1 , DL

2 9 /645 / 10464 ;

1 481 -5 , DL 2 9 /643 / 10439 ;

1 487 -8 , DL

2 9 /642 / 10424 ; 2 9 /642 / 10428 ; V I I /865 ;

1 491 -2 , DL 2 9 /642 / 10427 ; 1 496 -7 , DL 2 9 /642 / 10429 ;

1 507 -8 , S C 6 /Hen V I I / 1345 ;

1 493 -4 , DL

l l l B e rk swe l ( w i th A le s ley )w i l , 1 486 , DR 10 / 394

1 504 -5 , S C 6 /Hen

l B in ley c ou r tr o l , 1 565 -6 , DR 10 /2224

1 510 -11 , S C 6 /Hen

l e B i shop 's T achb rook d eed , 1 609 , DR3 /528 ; f o rc ou r tr o ls s eu nde r

I I/3683 VI

C oven t ry a nd L i chf i e ld b i shop r ic

Wa rw ick e a r ldom v a lo r , 1 526 -7 , S C 1 2 / 16 /47

B r ink low d eed s , n . d . , DR 10 /37 -42 , 1 9 1 ;

Wa rw ick e a r ldom d eed , 1 555 , C1 47 /233

1 262 , DR 10 /48 ;

1 272 ,

DR 10 /49 ; 1 500 , DR 10 / 11

Wee th ley p a r t icu la r sf o rg r an t s , 1 543 -4 , E3 18 / 15 /683

B r ink low s u rvey o f C oombe A bbey l a nd s a nd w ood s , c . 1550 ,

We l le sbou rne d eed , 1 247 ,C P2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

DR37 /box 14

We s ton -unde r We the r ley d eed s ,n . d . , E 326 /6029 , E3 15 /44 /2 16

l l B ubbenha lc ou r tr o l , 1 639 , CR 18 /30 /6 / 1

Wh ichf o rd d eed , 1 246 -7 , C P2 5 / 1/243 /2 1

C he s te r ton a nd K ing ton d eed s , n . d . , DR98 /240 , 2 45 ;

1 287 ,

W ishaw i n qu i s i t ion p o s t mo r tem , 1 326 , C1 34 / 102 /6

DR98 /266 ;

1 310 , DR98 /278 ;

1 314 , DR98 /370 ;

1 322 ,

Wo lf o rd d eed , 1 225 ,C P2 5 / 1/243 / 13

DR98 / 300 ;

1 330 , DR98 / 326a ;

1 344 , DR98 /37 1 ;

1 345 ,

Wo ls ton s u rvey ,n . d . ( t .E dw . I I ) , S C 1 /696

DR98 /373 ;

1 474 , DR98 /519 ;

1 491 , DR98 /540 ;

1 520 ,

Wo lve r ton d eed s ,n . d . , E 326 /5928 , 6 310

DR98 /551 ; 1 538 , DR98 /577 ; 1 568 , DR98 /938

Wo lvey d eed , 1 342 , E 326 /8950

C he s te r ton l e a se , 1 537 , DR98 /573

Woodco te d eed , 1 412 , E 326 /544 1

C he s te r ton b ook o fr e ce ip t sa nd p aymen t s , 1 632 -3 , DR98 / 1708

t Woo ton Wawen i n qu is i t ion s p os t mo r tem , 1 337 , C 1 35 /51/7 ;

C he s te r ton e s ta te m ap s , n . d .

( A sp ley ) 1 372 , C1 35 /224 /4 t Woo ton

Wawen

d eed s ,

1 246 -7 ,

C P

2 5 / 1/243 /2 1 ;

n . d . ,

E

3 15 /32 / 107 ; E 315 /48 / 125 ; E3 15 /49 /4 1 ; E3 26 /5809 ; 1 442 -3 ,

C . ) DR98 / 1823 ;

1 697 ,

C lave rdon e s ta te s u rvey , 1 791 , DR473 /28 C lop ton d eed s , 1 279 -80 , ER 3 /235 / 1-6 ;

E 315 /4 1/99

n . d . , E R3 /236 -8 , 2 40 ;

1 604 , DR 150 /2 / 1

t Woo ton Wawen s u rvey o f l a nd s o f a l ien p r io r ie s , 1 341 -2 , E 3 72 / 187 t Woo ton

( 18 th .

DR98 / 18 17 ( K ing s ton )

C omp ton V e rney d eed ,n . d . , DR98 /6 C oombe A bbey d eed , 1 500 , DR 10 / 117

Wawen

fo ( Of rd )

p a r t icu la r s

f o r g r an t s ,

1 543 -4 ,

E

C oombe A bbey s u rvey o fl a nd sa nd w ood s ,c . 1550 , DR37 /box 14 C o r ley d eed s ,n . d . , DR 10 /2 15 ,2 16 , 2 18 , 2 19 , 2 2 1 , 2 22 ,2 23 ; 1 260 ,

3 18 /3 /81 l Wroxa lp e t i t ion s ,n . d . , S C 8 / 68 /3357 , S C8 / 152 /7586

DR 10 /2 17 ; 1 537 , DR 10 /237

l Wroxa lr e n ta l , 1 327 -8 , S C 1 /697

C ough ton r e n ta l s , 1 483 -1500 , DR5 /2 19 1-2 ; 1 57 1 -2 , DR5 /2 196 l C oundon s u rvey ( w i th p a r t s o f B edwo r th , E xha l , S owe ) , c . 1600 ,

l T he Queen 's C o lege ,O xf ord

DR9 1/2 C oven t ry

a nd

S u rvey o fK e re s ley 's d eme sne w ood s , 1 520 -26 , 4F 12a

DR 10 /2587 ;

K e re s ley l e a se s , 1 587 , 4F8 ; 1 700 , 4F7 2

DR 10 /2606 C oven t ry

S hake speare B ir thp lace T rus t ,S tra t f ord -upon -Avon

C oven t ry

DR 10 / 543 , 5 44 ;

d eed s ,

n .d . ,

1 495 ,

l R o l ,

1 280 ,

P r io ry ,

C oven t ry

H und red

C a thed ra l

P r io ry

c on f i rma t ion

o f g r an t s ,

c . 1183 ,

4 0

DR 10 /531 ,

c . 1523 -7 , DR 10 / 1777 ;

1 350 ,

c ou r t

C oven t ry d eed s , 1 386 , DR 10 /687 ; 1 573 a nd 1 620 , DR 10 /42 1 ,4 39 -

l l l A le s ley ( w i th B e rk swe l )w i l , 1 486 , DR 10 /394 Me r iden

C a thed ra l

l r o l s ,

1 364 , DR 10 /2597 ;

e s ta te s

DR 10 /258

l l A le s ley s u rvey o fl a nd so fW i l iam N i lde r , 1 441 -2 , DR98 /699c a nd

b i shop r ic

1 360 , DR 10 /2593 ;

DR 18 /31/3

l A le s ley d eed s , 1 326 , DR 10 / 1 ; ( c opy ) , 1 396 -7 , ER 1/65 /455

A l spa th

L ichf i e ld

5 34 ;

1 316 ,

C oven t ry ( F in ley )d eed s , 1 383 , DR 10 /479 ; 1 476 , DR 10 /489

1 597 , DR 10 /560 ;

l l C oven t ry ( S t iv icha l ) c ou r t r o l s ,

( c op ie s )n . d . , E R 1/63 /293 ,2 97 ; 1 323 -4 , ER 1/63 /294

1 443 ,

DR 10 /2446 ;

1 46 1 ,

DR 10 /2460

A show d eed s ,n . d . , DR 18 / 1/54 ; 1 431 , DR 18 / 1/59

C ubb ing ton d eed , 1 377 , DR 18 / 1/698

A s th i l l d eed s , n . d . , DR 10 /457 ; 1 555 , DR 10 /781 ; 1 573 a nd 1 620 ,

C u rdwo r th ( Dun ton )d eed , 1 514 , DR 18 / 1/260

DR 10 /42 1 ,4 39 -40

F a rnbo rough d eed , 1 375 , DR37 /2 116

B adde s ley C l in ton d eed s , c .I2 00 -1639 , DR3 / 1 , 5 , 1 , 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 6 -

l F i long ley d eed s , 1 485 , DR 18 / 10 /46 /3 / 1 ;

.1 9 , 2 1 , 3 4 , 4 0 , 4 8 , 5 0 , 5 1 , 5 3 -6 , 6 6 , 6 7 , 6 9 , 7 1 , 8 0 , 8 6 , 8 9 , 9 3 ,

1 577 , DR 18 / 1/274 ;

1 637 , DR 18 / 1/304 ; 1 698 , DR / 18 /3 /20 / 17 ;

1 03 , 1 04 , 1 05 , 11 , 15 , 1 34 , 1 35 , 1 58 , 1 59 , 1 63 , 1 64 , 1 70 ,

G rego ry L ege rB ook , DR 10 / 1409

1 83 , 1 84 , 1 95 , 1 96 , 2 03 , 2 04 , 2 4 1 , 2 45 , 2 89 , 2 90 , 3 02 , 3 03 ,

H amp ton in -A rden d eed , 1 299 , DR37 /2 170

3 04 , 3 09 ,3 34 ,3 36 , 3 39 , 3 44 , 3 54 , 3 57 , 3 80 , 3 91 , 3 95 -7 ; 1 812 ,

t H a ton d eed s , 1 439 , DR37 /2 183 ; 1 540 , DR 10 /2 190

DR422 /34 -35

H en ley in -A rden d eed ,n . d . , DR37 /2 199

l B adde s ley C l in ton a ccoun tr o l s , 1 442 -58 , DR3 /799 , 8 00 , 8 0 1 , 8 02 ,

H on i ley r e n ta l , 1 588 , DR 18 /3 /25 /9

8 03 , 8 04 , 8 05

I ngon d eed , 1 553 , E R3 /26 1

l B adde s ley C l in ton c ou r t r o l s , 1 409 -91 , DR3 /781 , 7 83 , 7 85 , 7 87 ,

K en i lwo r th p e t i t ion , 1 322 , DR 10 /516

7 93 ,7 94 ,7 95

K en i lwor th

B adde s ley C l in ton r e n ta l ,n . d . , DR3 /807

P r iory

l c ou r t r o l s ,

1 478 ,

DR 18 /30 / 15 / 1 ;

1 483 ,

DR 18 /30 / 15 /4 ; 1 483 , DR 18 /30 / 18 /5 ; 1 529 -30 , DR 18 /30 / 15 / 11

B ag in ton d eed , 1 350 , DR 10 /24

K ine ton e s ta te m ap , 1 778 , DR98 / 1825

c B ag in ton a coun t s , 1 423 -6 , DR 10 /2 119b ; 1 469 -70 , DR 10 /2220

K ing s ton ( i nC he s te r ton )e s ta te m ap , 1 697 , DR98 / 1817

e t B ea r ley d eed , 1 317 , DR98 /786 ; s ea l so u nde rS n i te r f ie ld

K ing ton ( i nC lave rdon )e s ta te s u rvey , 1 575 , DR 18 / 3 /23

B eau sa le d eed ,n . d . , DR 10 /33

l L ang ley c ou r tr o l , 1 383 , DR 18 /30 / 18 / 1

B en t ley d eed , 1 6 14 , ER3 /2546

L apwo r th d eed s , 1 369 , DR37 /2247 ; 1 456 -7 , DR37 /2251

B er ico te d eed ,c .I2 35 , DR 10 / 14

l L eam ing ton P r io r sc ou r tr o l , 1 483 , DR 18 /30 / 18 /5

l B e rk swe ld eed ,n . d . , DR 18 / 1/ 181

2 66

L igh tho rne a c coun t s , 1 389 -90 , DR98 /672a ;

1 390 -1 , DR98 /672b ;

S t one le igh

c ou r t

r o ls , l

1 477 ,

DR 18 /30 /24 / 13 ;

1 481 ,

DR 18 /30 /24 / 17 ; 1 489 , DR 18 /30 /24 /24 ; 1 500 , DR 18 /30 /24 /45 ;

1 392 -3 , DR98 /672d ; 1 395 -6 , DR98 /674 ; 1 398 -9 , DR98 /674a ;

1 50 1 , DR 18 /30 /24 /50

1 401 -2 , DR98 /675 ; 1 400 -1 , DR98 /676

S t one le igh a nd A show c e r t if ica te o f s u rvey a nd v a lo r o f w ood s ,

L igh tho rne e s ta te map ,n . d . ( 18 th . C . ) , DR98 / 182 1

1 562 , DR 18 /30 /24 / 128

L i l l ing ton c ou r tr o l l , 1 483 , DR 18 / 30 / 15 /5

S t one le igh

L ong I t ch ing ton e s ta te m ap , 1 687 , DR 18 /25 /Bn .72

s a le s

o f w ood s ,

1 680 ,

DR 18 / 3 /28 /4 ;

1 688 -97 ,

DR 18 / 3 /52 /24 ,2 6 ,3 0 , 3 1 ; 1 687 -9 , DR 18 /25 /Bn .72

Maxs toke ,t r an s la t ion o fd eed o f1 347 , DR 18 / 3 /35 /3 Max s toke s u rvey o fw ood s , 1 521 -2 , ER 1/63 /280 ,f .7 1

S t one le igh c onveyance o fC ry f ie ld , 1 639 , DR 18 / 10 /27 / 1

Maxs toke d eed , 1 690 , DR 18 /3 /20 /4

S t one le igh m emo randum c oncer n ing l a nd s i nC annock , H u r s t a nd S t iv icha l , 1 545 -1627 , DR 18 /3 /47 /47 l

Me r iden d r af tl e a se , 1 597 , DR 10 /560 N u thu r s t d eed s ,

n . d . ,

DR37 /2285a / 1 ,

8 , 9 , 2 2 ,

2 3 ;

1 336 ,

DR37 /2285a /36 ;

1 357 ,

DR37 /2285a /50 ;

1 360 ,

DR37 /2285a /52 ;

1 420 ,

DR37 /2285a /69 ;

1 428 ,

S t one le igh l e ga l p ape r s r e la t ing t o Wa inbody /Cannock , 1 622 , DR 18 / 3 /45 /2 S t one le igh c opy o fi n qu is i t ion p o s tm or tem ,n . d . , DR 10 / 1457 S t one le igh e s ta te m ap , 1 766 , DR 18 /25 /Bn .77

DR37 /2285a /73

S t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon ( Ru in C l if rd ) d eed , fo

O ldbu ry ( i n Mance t te r )d eed ( c opy ) ,n . d . , ER 1/64 /342

C lop ton C a r tu la ry

( c opy ) , 1 514 ,P 54 / 14 ; s ea l so u nde rC lop ton e

O ve r s ley s u rvey ,c . 1320 , DRS /2246b O ve r s ley c ou r t r o l l s , 1 318 , DR5 /2245 ;

1 319 , DR5 /2246 ;

1 332 ,

DR5 /2249 ; 1 353 -4 , DR5 /2250 ; 1 385 , DRS /2251

S t ra tf o rd -upon -Avon ( Ru in C l if rd )m ap ( c opy ) , 1 599 ,E R 1/72 fo S t ud ley d eed s( c op ie s ) , 1 201 , E R 1/6 1/ 19 ; n . d . , E R 1/6 1/26

O ve r s ley a b s t ra c to fc ou r tr o l ls , 1 600 -1740 , DR5 /2356

S t ud ley d eed , 1 640 , DR33 / 16

O ve r s ley a c coun t s , 1 387 -8 , DR5 /2255

S t ud ley s u rvey , 1 7 19 , DR36 /2

P a ck ing ton d eed ( c opy ) , 1 521 , E R 1/63 /280

S u ton C o ldf ie ld a coun t s , 1 433 -4 , BRT 1/3 / 180 t c

P a ckwood d eed , 1 519 , DR I2 /4

T amwo r th p a r t icu la ro fm ano r , 1 673 , DR /76 /2 /2 1

R a t ley c a r tu la ry , DR 18 / 1/596

T anwo r th in -A rden s u rvey s , r e n ta ls a nd p l an s , c . 1432 -c .1519 , DR37 /box 7 4 / 1 , 4 ,6 ,1 2 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 9 , 2 0 , 2 2 , 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 , 2 8 ,

R a t ley e s ta te m ap , 1 728 , DR 18 /25 /Bn .38

2 9 ,3 0 ; DR37 /box 15

R ow ing ton s u rvey , 1 582 , DR473 /29 1 S ambou rne

c ou r t

l r o ls ,

1 480 -1516 ,

DR5 /2357 -2363 ;

1 574 ,

T anwo r th in -A rden s u rvey sa nd m ap ,c . 1500 , DR36 /box 7 4 /20 T anwo r th in -A rden a coun t s , 1 377 -1456 , DR37 /boxe s 1 07 -8 c

DR5 /2368 ; 1 598 , DRS /2387

T anwo r th in -A rden c ou r t r o l s , i n c lud ing e x t rac t s , ? 1290 -1591 , l

S he rbou rne d e ed ,n . d . , DR98 /776

DR37 /box 1 09

S n i t te rf ie ld a c coun t s , 1 439 , DR 10 /2429 ; 1 46 1 , DR 38 / 1429 S n i t te r f ie ld d eed s , 1 309 , E R2 /396 ; 1 315 , ER2 / 397 ; ( w i th B ea r ley )

T anwo r th in -A rden

l e ga l

p ape r s ,

t . H en ry

V I - El izabe th

I ,

DR37 /box 8 2

1 668 , DR38 /44 , 4 5 , 5 6 ; ( w i th B ea r ley ) 1 692 , DR 38 /65 ; ( w i th

T anwo r th in -A rden d eed s , n . d . , DR37 / 1 , 2 4 , 3 5 , 4 3 , 5 , 6 4 , 1 8 5 ,

B ea r ley ) 1 816 , DR38 / 152 S n i te rf ie ld c ou r tr o l s , 1 560 , DR38 / 1434 -6 ; 1 672 , DR38 / 1477 t l

9 1 , 2 11 , 3 06 , 3 20 , 4 07 ; 1 309 , DR37 /349 ; 1 311 , DR 37 / 352 ; 1

S n i te r f ie ld v a lua t ion , 1 765 , E R 1/ 140 t

1 321 , DR37 /4 15 ;

S o l ihu l d eed s , n . d . , DR37 /2337 ; l DR 37 /2557 ;

1 580 , DR37 / 1420 ;

1 326 , DR 37 /460 ;

1 328 , DR37 /466 ;

1 332 ,

1 540 ,

DR 37 /499 ;

1 339 , DR37 /546 ;

1 342 , DR37 /580 ;

1 345 ,

a b s t ra c t o fd eed s , 1 583 a nd

DR37 /593 ;

1 364 , DR37 /702 ;

1 368 , DR37 /720 ;

1 380 , 1 388 ,

1 431 -7 1 , DR 37 /box 7 6 ;

DR 37 /756 ;

1 385 , DR37 /77 1 ;

1 379 , DR37 /775 ;

S o l ihu ls u rvey s , 1 601 , 1 606 , DR37 /box 16 l

DR 37 /785 ;

1 390 , DR37 /794 ;

1 398 , DR37 /822 ;

1 406 ,

S pe rna ld eed , 1 716 , DR5 / 1255 l

DR37 /838 ;

1 407 , DR37 /840 ;

1 410 , DR37 /853 ;

1 417 ,

1 604 , DR37 /2574

S t iv icha l l d eed s , 1 418 , DR 10 /7 10 -3 ;

1 498 , DR 10 /738 ;

1 556 ,

DR 10 /780

DR37 /864 ;

1 422 , DR37 /877 ;

1 448 , DR37 /949 ;

1 452 ,

DR37 /956 ;

1 473 , DR37 /997 ;

1 478 , DR37 / 10 18 ;

1 483 ,

S t iv icha l l a c coun t s , 1 480 -2 , DR 10 /2474

DR37 / 102 1 ;

S t iv icha l l c ou r tr o l l s , 1 488 , DR 10 /2484

1 502 , DR37 / 107 1 ;

1 506 , DR37 / 1084 ;

1 509 , DR37 / 1086 ;

S t iv icha l lr e n ta l , 1 429 , DR 10 /2436b

1 515 , DR37 / 1090 ;

1 516 , DR37 / 109 1 ;

1 520 , DR37 / 1100 ;

S t iv icha l l s u r vey s , c . 1580 -90 , DR 10 / 1786 ; 1 787 , DR 10 / 1431 ,w i th

1 544 , DR37 / 1277 ; 1 555 , DR37 / 1322 ; 1 441 ,E R 1/ 1/ 13

1 484 , DR37 / 1026 ;

1 495 , DR 37 / 1031 , 1 057 ;

T anwo r th in -A rden m ap o fp a r to fp a r ish ,n . d . , DR 134 /8

c opy o fm ap a tP R63

Wa rw ick e s ta te s u rvey , 1 582 , DR473 /29 1

S t one le igh A bbey c a r tu la ry ( f ragmen t ) , DR 10 / 1406

W i loughby d eed ,n . d . , DR98 /867 l

S t one le igh d eed s , n . d . , DR 10 /258 , 1 0 17 , 1 079 , 1 299 , 1 300 , 1 762 ; 1 279 , DR I0 /459 ;

1 546 ,

Wo l fhampco te d eed , 1 310 , DR 37 /2804

1 522 , DR 10 /997 ;

1 468 , DR 10 / 1189 ;

1 529 ,

Wo lve r ton e s ta te m ap , 1 820 ,E R 103 /2

DR 10 / 1194 ;

1 57 1 , DR 10 / 12 12 ;

1 326 , DR 18 / 1/696 ;

1 377 ,

Woodco te d eed , 1 633 , DR3 /534

DR 18 / 1/698 ;

1 290 , DR 18 / 1/705 ;

1 560 , DR 18 / 1/745 ;

1 270 ,

Wood low d eed ( S t . S epu lch re ' s , Wa rw ick ) , 1 588 , DR 37 /2763

1 535 , DR 18 / 1/972a ;

1 559 ,

Woo ton Wawen ( Ed s tone )d eed s , 1 360 -1 , DR37 /30 12 -4 t

DR 18 / 1/831 ,

8 47 ,

DR 10 /764 ;

DR 10 /838 ;

8 50 ,

9 26 ;

1 536 , DR 18 / 1/970 ;

W roxa lr e n ta l , 1 425 -6 , DR37 /box 12 l

DR 18 / 1 / 106 1 ; 1 578 , DR 18 / 1/ 1070 ; n . d . , DR 18 / 1/ 1127 , 130 ; 1 295 , DR 18 / 1/ 1131 ; 1 294 , DR 18 / 1/ 1133 ; n . d . , DR 18 / 1/ 1137 9 ;

1 313 , DR 18 / 1/ 1140 -4 ;

1 327 , DR 18 / 1/ 1147 ;

S taf sh ire C oun ty R ecord Of ford fice

1 536 ,

DR 18 / 10 /55 /7 ; 1 6 15 , DR 18 / 10 /4 1/3 Am ing ton d eed s , n . d . , D 593 /A / 1/22 /3 ;

S t one le igh m emo randum o nc ommon p a s tu re , 1 526 , DR 10 / 1459 * S t one le igh

1 319 , D 593 /A / 1/22 / 10 ;

1 366 ,D 593 /A / 1/23 /4

a coun t s( c opy ) , 1 536 , DR 18 / 1/733 c

C o r ley d eed , 1 607 ,D 1287 /6 /20

S t one le igh r e n ta l , 1 556 , DR 18 /30 /24 / 109

C u rdwo r th d eed s ,n . d . ,D 1287 /6 / 18 / 5 D o rdon a nd G r endon e s ta te m ap , 1 722 ,D 1176 /A /39 / 11 2 67

E rd ing ton d eed , 1 309 , D 1287 /6 /20 /2 1

A s t ley e s ta te m ap s , 1 696 , CR 136 /M 12 , M9 ; n . d . , CR764 / 107

F a rnbo rough d eed s ,n . d . , D 593 /A / 1/8

c l A s ton C an t low a coun t s( w i th A le s ley ) , 1 467 -8 , CR623 /box 1

l l F r ea s ley ,L i le sha lA bbey c a r tu la ry ,D 593 /A J 1/ 10 / 10

A s ton C an t low e s ta te m ap , 1 776 , CR882

G randbo rough r e n ta l ,n . d . ,D 64 1/ 1/4V /2

A the r s tone s u rvey , 1 547 , L 2 /86

K ing sbu ry d eed ,n . d . ,D 1287 /6 /37

A the r s tone e s ta te m ap s , 1 763 , P 8 ;

1 848 , ( c opy i n PR O . , MPE

9 92 ) ,Z 206 / 1-3 (U )

P a ck ing ton d eed ,n . d . ,D 1287 /6 / 18 /28 S a l t ley d eed s , 1 444 , D 1287 /6 / 15 /36 ; 1 326 , D 1287 /6 / 18 /43 ; 1 440 ,

B adde s ley C l in ton e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 699 ,Z 234 B adde s ley C l in ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 847 , CR328 /2

D 1287 /6 / 18 /47 S hu s toke d eed ,n . d . , D 593 /A / 1/24 / 1

B adde s ley E n so rt i he a wa rd , 1 849 , CR328 /3

t S hu t ing ton d eed , 1 7 18 ,D 948 /4 /4 / 19

B ag in ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 841 , CR569 / 15

f S t af o rd e a r ldom e s ta te ss u rvey , 1 385 -6 ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /3 f S t af o rd

e a r ldom

c a coun t s ,

D 64 1/ 1/2 /270 ;

1 437 -8 ,

1 444 -5 ,

1 B a l sa 1s u rvey o ft h em ano r , 1 538 , CR 112 /Ba .188 /2

D 64 1/ 1/2 /269 ;

1 B a l sa 1C ommon e nc lo su r ea wa rd , 1 802 ,Q S75 /52

1 443 -4 ,

D 64 1/ 1/2 /27 1 ;

1 449 -50 ,

1 B a l sa 1e s ta te m ap s , 1 759 -80 , CR62 1/5 -8

D 64 1/ 1 /2 /272 ; 1 450 -1 , D 64 1/ 1/2 /273 ; 1 464 -5 , D 64 1/ 1 /2 /274 ;

B a rche s ton l i s to fl a nd s ,n . d . ,( ? 15 th C . ) , CR850 / 1

1 467 -8 ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /276 ; 1 497 -8 ,D 64 1/ 1/2 /277

B a r che s ton l e a se , 1 807 , CR580 /4 1/2

t S u ton C o ldf ie ld a nd C u rdwor th d eed s , n . d . , D 1287 /6 / 18 /5 ; 1 339 ,

B a r f o rd d eed ( w i th Wa l ton ) , 1 555 , CR 133 /30

D 1287 /6 / 19 /53 ; 1 331 , D 1287 /6 / 19 / 54

B a r f o rd s u rvey , 1 574 , CR 1886 /F if th S he lf /BB .634 B a r f o rd e s ta te m ap s , 1 810 , P 30 ; ( We s tham ) ,c . 1853 , CR 16 16 / 1

l Wa l sa lL oca lH i s tory C en tre

t B a r s ton m ap o fE sco t Wood , 1 818 , CR 1775 B a r s ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 840 , CR328 /4 B ea r ley e s ta te m ap s ,c .1 775 , CR6 11/607 ; 1 867 ,P 48

B a sco te l e a se , 1 466 ,2 76 /63

B ea r ley d eed , 1 680 , CR6 11/653 Warw ick sh ire C oun ty R ecord O ff ice

B eaude se r tt ihe a wa rd , 1 839 , CR569 /23 B edwo r th d eed s , n . d . , CR 136 /C 109 , C 126 ;

l T he O ff ice h o ld s al a rge n umbe r o fp r iva te c o lec t ion s , i n c lud ing

1 340 , CR 136 /C 111a ;

1 440 , CR 136 /C 107 ; 1 696 , CR299 /83 / 1 ; 1 698 , CR4 10 /box 2 5 ;

l a rge d epo s i t s f r om t h e Wa rw ick C a s t le a r ch ive s , t h e N ewd iga te

1 702 , CR432 /box 2 9

l f am i ly a nd t h e T h rockmo r ton f am i ly , a sw e l a sr e co rd s o fp ub l ic

B edwo r th s k e tch m ap , 1 695 , CR764 / 104 /4

p rovenance , s u ch a s t h e t i t he a nd e nc lo su re a wa rd s .

B edwo r th t ihe a wa rd , 1 840 , CR569 /24

I th a s a l so

o b ta ined c op ie so fm any o t he rr e co rd sf r om b o th p ub l ic r e po s i tor ie s

B en t ley d eed ,n . d . , CR 136 /C707

l a nd p r iva te c o lec t ion s ;

B en t ley s u rvey , 1 759 , CR 1169 /36

t h o se o n m ic rof i lm a r e p r ef ixed w i th t h e

t t l e te r sM Io rP .G . a nd t h ose i nt h ef o rm o fp ho tos ta t sw i th t h e l e te r

B en t ley e s ta te map s( c op ie s ) , 1 740 -2 a nd n .d . ,Z 323 /2 ,3 (U )

Z .

B en t ley t ihe a wa rd ( w i th S hu s toke ) , 1 840 , CR328 /42 l l B e rk swe lc ou r tr o l , 1 6 12 -4 , MR2 1/2 ; 1 665 , MR2 1/5

c A lce s te ra coun t s , 1 466 -7 , CR 1886 / 166a ; 1 504 -5 , CR 1886 / 183

l B e rk swe le nc lo su r ea wa rd , 1 808 ,Q S75 / 12 /4 -8 a nd CR 172 / 1-2

A lce s te r d eed s , n . d . , CR 1886 /28 , 6 1 ;

l r B e rk swe l g l ebe t e r ie r s , 1 6 12 , DR72A / 1 ;

1 317 , CR 1886 /8 1 ;

1 355 ,

1 635 -82 , DR72A /2 ;

CR 1998 /K ;

1 563 , CR 1886 /box 4 17 /96 ;

1 573 , CR 1886 /box

1 690 , DR72A /5 ;

1 05 / 1629 ;

1 578 , CR 1886 /box 1 06 / 1649 ;

1 598 , CR 1886 /box

DR72A /8 ; 1 7 11 , DR72A /9 ; 1 736 -1832 , DR72A / 13 -29

1 08 / 1688 ;

1 641 , CR 1886 /box 4 16 / 3 ;

1 6 14 , CR 1886 /box

1 70 1 , DR72A /6 ;

1 705 ,

l B e rk swe lt ihe a wa rd , 1 841 , CR569 /29

4 16 /37 /2 ; 1 678 , 1 706 a nd 1 724 , CR 1886 /box 4 17 /92

l B e rk swe l d eed s , 1 605 , CR2440 / 1/2 -3 ;

A lce s te re s ta te m ap , 1 754 , CR 1886 /M9

1 706 , CR299 / 136 / 1A -B ;

1 782 , CR299 /80

l c A le s ley a coun t s( w i th A s ton C an t low ) , 1 467 -8 , CR623 /box 1

l B ickenh i ld eed s ,n . d . 1457 , CR593 / 1126

l A le s ley d eed s( Ho ly T r in i ty ) 1 423 -1627 , DR564 / Ia /493 ,5 06 -7

l B ickenh i lt ihe a wa rd , 1 837 , CR328 /6

l A le s ley d eed s , 1 572 , CR 1150 ;

B in ton d eed s , 1 546 , CR 114A / 104 / 1 ;

1 654 , CR299 /42 ;

1 734 , DR72A /7 ;

1 668 -9 ,

C R299 /49 / 1

( i nc lud ing B in ton G rove )

1 7 th -19 th C . , CR9 12

l A le s ley s u rvey , 1 626 , CR623 /box 1 4

B in ley e s ta te m ap s , 1 778 , CR8 / 184 ; 1 821 -3 ,D 34

l A le s ley t i t he a wa rd , 1 840 , CR569 /3

B in ley d eed , 1 739 , CR8 /47

l A le s ley e s ta te m ap , 1 808 , CR 1709 /75 / 10

B i rd ingbu ry d eed , 1 476 , CR 1998 /box 4 5 /GG7

A lne d eed , 1 316 , CR 1886 /292

B i shop ' s I t ch ing ton -c a r tu la ry o fP r ecen to r o fL ichf ie ld C a thd ra l ,

l A lne e s ta te m ap ( w i th S pe rna l ) ,c . 1695 , CR 1998 /M 15

n . d . ( ? 15 th . C . ) , CR 1886 /Cupboa rd 4 /Top s h e lf /CAR / 1

A lne t i t he a wa rd , 1 838 -41 , CR569 /4

B ishop 's I t ch ing ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 838 , CR569 / 135

A l spa th d eed , 1 555 , CR669 /bund le G

B ishop ' s

A lve s ton e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 772 , Q S75 / 1

T a chb rook

s u rvey

( Tachb rook

l Ma lo ry ) ,

1 549 -50 ,

CR 1908 /207

A n s ley e s ta t em ap s , 1 759 , CR 1169 /36 ; 1 869 -70 , CR2755 / 1

B i shop ' sT achb rook d eed s , 1 573 , CR 1908 / 104 / 1 , CR 1908 / 105 / 1-3

A n s ty e s ta te m ap ,c . 1600 , CR285 /56

B i shop ' sT achb rook e s ta te m ap , 1 7 10 , CR 1886 /M28

A n s ty t i t he a wa rd , 1 850 , CR 569 /7

c B ishop ton e s ta te a coun t s , 1 413 -4 , CR 1911/ 14

A r ley t i t he a wa rd , 1 839 , CR569 /8

l ring t B ishop ton e s ta te r o l o fe v idence s ( r ef er oe a r l ie r d ocumen t s ) ,

r A row e s ta te m ap ,c . I 800 , CR 114A / 190

1 446 -7 , CR 19 11/ 17

r I I i A row e s ta te m ap ( Rag ley ) ,n . d . , CR 114 /Rag I /6 / i ,i i

l B ishop ton c ou r tr o l , 1 464 , CR 19 11/ 12

r A row t i t he a wa rd , 1 849 , CR569 /9

l B i shop ton H i lF a rm s a le p a r t icu la r s , EAC / 138 ; CR2433 / 31/ 125

A show t i t he a wa rd , 1 839 , CR569 / 13

B ra i le se s ta te m ap ,c . 1585 , CR3231 .

c A s t ley a coun t s , 1 394 -5 , CR 136 /C 150

B randon a nd B re tf o rd t ihe a wa rd , 1 849 , CR569 /274

e A s t ley d ed , 1 587 , CR 136 /C 170

B r ink low e s ta te m ap , 1 838 , MB B r i

2 68

l c / B ubbenha l a coun t s ( c opy ) , 1 580 , Z 542 /2 /5 ( o r ig ina l i n t h e B od le ian L ib ra ry )

C ubb ing ton e nc lo su r ea wa rd , 1 768 , CR 12 18 / 19 / 1 C u rdwor th ( Dun ton )t i t he a wa rd , 1 846 , CR328 / 13

l B ubbenha l c opy o f e s ta te m ap ,

1 726 , Z 4 14 (U ) a nd r e la ted

e nc lo su re a wa rd , Z 4 13 (Sm ) ( o r ig ina l i n t h e J ohn R y land s

l D o s th i lt ihe a wa rd , 1 839 , CR328 /26 t E t ing ton

U n ive r s i ty L ib ra ry o f Manche s te r )

d eed s ,

1 246 -59 ,

CR229 /box 1 8 / 3 / 36 ;

c B udb rooke a coun t s , 1 403 -1435 , CR895 /8 /2 , 3 ,4 , 5 , 1 0 , 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 9

CR229 /box

1 8 /3 / 1-2 ;

1 653 , D 19 /4 18 ;

1 550 -1 ,

e s ta te m ap , c . 1795 ,

CR229 / 117 /9 a nd 1 l E xha l( by C oven t ry )e s ta te m ap , 1 829 , CR 1175

B udb rooke s u rvey , 1 589 -90 , CR895 /80 / 1

l E xha l( by C oven t ry )t i he a wa rd , 1 847 , CR569 /98

B udb rooke r e n ta l sa nd s u rvey s , 1 592 -1788 , CR895 / 18

F enny C omp ton d eed s ,n . d . ,L 1/ 1 ,2 ,4 ,5 ,1 2

B udb rooke e s ta te m ap s , 1 721 , CR895 / 19 ; 1 788 , CR895 / 10 1

l F i long ley l i s to fw ood s ,n . d . , CR 1886 /3370

C a ldeco t et ihe a wa rd , 1 839 , CR569 /57

l F i long ley d eed s , 1 598 , CR298 1 ( unca ta logued ) ; 1 663 , CR562 /3

C had shun tt ihe a wa rd , 1 838 , CR569 /60

l F i long ley t ihe a wa rd , 1 843 , CR569 / 102

C he s t e r ton ( K ing s ton )m ap , 1 697 ( c opy ) ,Z 228 (U )

l F o le sh i lt ihe a wa rd , 1 841 , CR569 / 105

C h i lve r s C o ton d eed s , n . d . , CR 136 /C300 , C 4 10 , C 716 , C 725 , C 731 , C 734 , C 744a , C 777 ;

1 234 , CR 136 /C 145 ;

1 253 -4 ,

F rank ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 840 , CR569 / 12 1A F rea s ley t ihe a wa rd , 1 849 , CR328 /38

CR 136 /C7 17 ; 1 284 , CR 136 /C724 ; 1 296 , CR 136 /C729 ; 1 296 ,

G raf ton e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 814 ,Q S75 /47

CR 136 /C739 ;

r G randbo rough t e r ie ro ff i e ld s ,n . d . ( 18 th . C . ) , CR 1709 /320 /3

1 332 ,

1 319 , CR 136 /C746 ;

CR 136 /C756a ;

1 337 ,

1 321 -2 , CR 136 /C747 ; CR 136 /C759 ;

1 341 ,

G rendon t ihe a wa rd , 1 848 , CR328 / 18

CR 136 /C760 -C761 ; 1 37 1 , CR 136 /C775 ; 1 375 , CR 136 /C776 ;

G rendon a r b i t ra t ion a wa rd , 1 57 1 , CR762 /35

1 392 ,

H amp ton in -A rden e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 812 ,Z 151

CR 136 /C786 ;

1 468 ,

CR 136 /C420a ;

1 481 ,

CR 136 /C309 ; 1 516 , CR 136 /C798 ; 1 532 , CR440 / 12 ; 1 538 -9 ,

l H amp ton in -A rden t i he a wa rd , i n c lud ing B a l sa l , 1 841 , CR328 /22

CR 136 /C313 ; 1 587 , CR 136 /C34 1 ; 1 600 , CR 136 /C36 1 ; 1 606 ,

H amp ton L ucy e s ta te m ap a nd s u rvey , 1 736 , L 6 / 1035 -6

CR 136 /C 1098 ; 1 6 10 , CR 136 / 172a

H amp ton L ucy t i he a wa rd , 1 846 , CR569 / 122

C h i lve r sC o ton d e sc r ip t ion o fb ound s ,n . d . , CR 136 /C 1139

l H a r t sh i la nd A n s ley e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 808 -11 , CR49 1

C h i lve r sC o ton r e n ta l s , n . d . , CR 136 /C 1250 ; 1 60 1 -2 , CR 136 /C 1030

ring t t H a se ley d eed ( r ef er oH a ton ) , 1 457 , CR 1243 /7

c C h i lve r sC o ton a coun t s( w i th A s t ley ) , 1 394 -5 , CR 136 /C 150

H a se ley t ihe a wa rd , 1 841 , CR569 / 125

C h i lve r sC o ton s u rvey s , 1 685 , CR 136 N 13 ; 1 681 -5 , CR 136 N 122 ;

t H a se ley e s ta te m ap ( w i th H a ton ) , 1 728 ,P 43

( w i th

B edwo r th ) ,

1 702 ,

CR432 /box

2 9 ;

1 597 -17 13 ,

t H a se ley s u rvey ( w i th H a ton ) , 1 727 , CR6 11/2 14

CR764 / 104 / 1

H a se lo r

M95 , M96 , M97A , CR319 / 13 ;

1 681 , CR764 / 104 /4 ;

d eed s ,

1 537 ,

CR 1998 /box

CR 1998 /box 8 2 / 1-26 ;

C h i lve r s C o ton m ap s , n . d . , CR 136 /M 10 , M 11 , M 18 , M83A , M94 ,

4 5 /GG7 / 1-6 ;

1 6 19 , CR 1998 /box 7 1 ( 1) ;

D 19 /475 ; 1 791 , CR 114 / 114A

1 807 ,

H a se lo re s ta te m ap a nd s a le sp a r t icu la r s , 1 862 , EAC /068 / 1

CR764 / 107 C lave rdon t ihe a wa rd , 1 838 , CR569 /65

H a se lo re nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 767 ,Q S75 /56

C l if ton -on -Dun smo re ( New ton )d eed ,n . d . , CR 1886 /222

t H a ton e s ta te m ap a nd s u rvey , 1 728 ,P 43

l C o le sh i l p l an o fp a r ish ( c opy ) , 1 843 -4 , Z 436 (U ) ; P a r i sh R eco rd s

t H a ton s u rvey ( w i th H a se ley ) , 1 727 , CR6 11/2 14 t H a ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 841 , CR 569 / 126

S u rvey B ook ( c opy ) , 1 845 , P .G . 354 C omp ton V e rney m ap ( c opy ) , 1 738 ,Z 228 /2 (U )

t H a ton e nc lo su re a wa rd ( w i th

l H a se ley a nd Wroxa l ) ,

l C o r ley r e n tr o l( w i th A s t ley ) , 1 418 -9 , CR 136 / 153

l H on i ley c ou r tr o l( c opy ) , 1 694 ,Z 42 1(Sm )

C o r ley t ihe a wa rd , 1 839 , CR569 /75

H on i ley d eed , 1 742 , CR 1311/ 18 / 1

d eed s ,

CR 1998 /A4 /3 CR 1998 /F 1 ,

n . d . ,

CR 1886 / 15 ,

, CR 1998 /B2 , CR 1998 /G3 ,

6 2 ,

H u r ley e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 822 , CR4 16 /8

CR 1998 /A 1/3 ,

CR 1998 /B3 , CR 199832 /32 ,

l I lm ing ton ( La rk S t oke )c ou r tr o l , 1 472 , CR 19 11/ 13

CR 1998 /B6 , 3 4 ;

K en i lwo r th s u rvey , 1 59 1 , CR576 / 1

1 339 ,

K en i lwo r th e s ta te m ap , 1 692 , CR 143A

CR 1998 /G7 ; 1 355 , 1 430 , CR 1998 /K ; 1 569 , CR 1886 / 1582 C ough ton m ap s , 1 695 , CR 1998 /M7 ;

1 746 , CR 1998 /M29 ;

K en i lwo r th t ihe a wa rd , 1 849 , CR569 / 139

1 754 ,

K e re s ley d eed s , 1 68 1 , DR468 /229 ,D 19 /493

•CR 1886 /M9 ; 1 838 -9 , CR 1998 /M23 -M24

K e re s ley e nc lo su r ea wa rd ( w i th C oundon ) , 1 848 , Q S75 /36

c C ough ton a coun t s , 1 599 -1600 , CR 1998 /box 6 1/f o lde r4 / 16 .

K e re s ley t ihe a wa rd , 1 847 , CR569 /84

e C ough ton ,K ing 's -s eA lce s te r C oundon d eed s , 1 574 , CR299 /89 /5 ;

1 649 , CR299 /89 /8 ;

K ine ton r e n ta l , 1 440 -1 , CR 1886 /263

1 668 ,

K ine ton c opy o fs u rvey ,n . d . , CR 1886 /2373

CR 1097 /87 C oundon a nd K e re s ley e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 848 , QD75 /36

t K ine ton e nc lo su r ea wa rd ( L i t le K ine ton ) , 1 733 ,Q S9 / 11

C oven t ry , S t . M icha e la nd S t . J ohn t ihe a wa rd , 1 846 , CR569 /86

K ing sbu ry t ihe

1 354 , DR564 / I (a ) /4 19 ;

1 847 ,

CR328 /27 ;

e nc lo su re

a wa rd

K ing swood e nc lo su r ea wa rd , 1 808 ,Q S75 /70

C oven t ry d eed s ( Ho ly T r in i ty G u i ld ) , n . d . , DR564 / I (a ) /402 , 4 03 , 1 351 , DR564 1 I (a ) /4 18 ;

a wa rd ,

( Hu r ley ) , 1 822 , CR4 16 /8

C oven t ry ,H o ly T r in i ty t ihe a wa rd , 1 848 , CR569 /8 1 4 05 ;

1 835 ,

Q S75 /57

C o r ley d eed s , 1 56 1 , CR 136 /C708 ; 1 688 , CR 137 1

C ough ton

1 607 , 1 626 ,

1 373 ,

K inwa lsey d eed s , 1 566 -8 , CR650 ; 1 569 , CR669

DR 564 / I (a ) /429 ;

1 439 ,

DR564 / I (a ) /437 ;

1 446 ,

K now le d eed s , 1 556 , CR 1886 /2252 ; 1 637 , CR 1886 /2363

DR564 1 I (a ) /476 ;

1 593 ,

DR564 / I (a ) /440 ;

1 599 ,

K now le e s ta te m ap , 1 816 , CR982 K now le e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 820 , CR487

DR 564 / 1 (a ) /44 1 C oven t ry ( Ho ly T r in i ty G u i ld )v o lume o fm ap s , CR 1709 / 192

L adb roke d eed , 1 620 ( c opy ) , CR 1849 /2

C oven t ry ( D rape r s 'C ompany )v o lume o fm ap s , CR929 /2

L adb roke e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 639 , Z 358 ( o r ig ina l i n D e rby l B o rough L ib ra ry ,P a lme r -Mo rwood c o lec t ion )

C raven e s ta te .vo lum e o fs u rvey s a nd m ap s , 1 778 , CR8 / 184 ; e s ta te

L apwo r th d eed , 1 569 , CR 1008 /43

m ap s , 1 821 -3 ,D 34 2 69

R ugby d eed , 1 718 ,D 19 /681

L apwo r th t i the a wa rd , 1 843 , CR328 /30 L ang ley e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 835 ,Q S75 /28

R y ton -on -Dun smo re d eed s , 1 335 , DR350 /3 ;

L ee ( i n B ishop 's T achb rook ) d eed s , 1 415 , CR26 /A /XV I ;

1 608 , CR298 1 ( n o t

c a ta logued )

1 596 ,

l R y ton -on -Dunsmo re c ou r tr o l , 1 497 , MR 19

CR 1886 /7097 L eek Woo ton t i t he a wa rd , 1 846 , CR569 /277 t

r R y ton -on -Dunsmo re t e r ie r , 1 735 , CR 155

L e igh e s ta te m ap s ( c op ie s ) , 1 597 , Z 139 / 1-2 (U ) , Z 14 1/ 1(U ) ; 1 766 -

S a lf o rd P r io r se s ta te m ap , 1 749 , CR 1296 . S ambou rne e s ta te m ap , 1 746 , CR 1998 /M 11

9 ,Z 142 (L ) ; 1 766 -71 ,Z 149 (L ) L igh tho rne t i the a wa rd , 1 844 , CR569 / 157

S h i l ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 843 -4 , CR569 /202

L i l ing ton e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 730 , Q S9 / 11 l

S huckbu rgh d eed s , n . d . , CR 1248 /70 /2 , CR 1248 /7 1/2 -4 ;

L ong C omp ton d eed , 1 477 , l i s to fC a s t le A shby MSS . ,n o . 4 60

S hu s toke d eed s , n . d . , Z 551/4 -5 (Sm ) ( c op ie s o fd eed s i n ap r iva te

' L yndon c ou r tr o l , 1 464 , CR 19 11/ 12 l Mance te rp a rk e s ta te m ap , 1 775 , CR258 /340 t

l c o lec t ion ) ; 1 632 -67 , CR 1184 /box 1 S hu s toke t ihe a wa rd , 1 840 , CR328 /42

Max s toke t i t he a wa rd , 1 846 , CR328 /31 Max s toke

e s ta te

m ap

( c opy ) ,

n . d . ,

Z 309 /2 (U )

( o r ig ina l

a t

S hu s toke e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 703 ,Z 646 / 10 (U ) t S n i te r f ie ld t ihe a wa rd , 1 840 , CR569 /206

P a ck ing ton H a l l ) Me r iden ( s ee a l so A l spa th ) d eed s , 1 531 , CR299 /207 ; CR669 /bund le G ;

1 498 ,

CR 1248 /68 /7

1 587 ,

P ack ing ton H a l , 3 / 3 /8 ; l

1 455 -16 14 ,

l S o l ihu ld eed s , 1 595 , CR 1998 /box 7 2 ; 1 632 , CR 1886 /9424 ; 1 666 ,

l i s t o f F inch -Kn igh t ley p ape r s a t

CR299 /288 /2 ;

1 656 -68 , l i s t o f F inch -Kn igh t ley

CR 129 1/ 100 / 1-6

1 7 19 ,

CR299 / 195 / 1A ;

1 742 -60 ,

l S o l ihu ls u rvey ( Fo r shaw ) , 1 652 , CR645 / 19

p ape r sa tP ack ing ton H a l ,3 / 3 / 11 , 1 3 l Me r iden e s ta te m ap s , 1 789 , CR2381 ; n . d . ,Z 309 /2 (U )

l S o l ihu l e nc lo su r ea wa rd , 1 843 ,Q S75 / 102

Me r iden s u rvey ( c opy ) ,n . d . ,M I3 67 /4

l S o l ihu lt ihe a wa rd , 1 837 , CR328 /44

M i lve r ton e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 805 ,Q S75 /77

l S o l ihu ls ke tch m ap o fL ongdon a nd H enwood ,n . d . , CR 1886 /2372

M inwo r th e s ta te m ap s( c op ie s ) , 1 589 ,Z 567 (U )

S onga re s ta te m ap , 1 826 , CR449 / 1/3

Monk s 'K i rby t i t he a wa rd , 1 842 , CR569 / 14 1

S ou tham

Mo re ton Mor l e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 767 ,Z 140 /2 (U ) re l d eed s ,

n . d . ,

CR 1284 /7 1/ 18 -2 1 ,

1 262 ,

L 1/34 ;

1 603 ,

CR 1849 /2 ;

1 620 ,

S ou tham e s ta te m ap s , 1 775 , CR927 / 1 ; 1 778 , CR8 / 184 S owe t i t he a wa rd , 1 844 , CR569 /207

Mo r ton B ago te s ta te m ap s , 1 820 -1 , CR 1094 N ap ton

d eed s ,

CR 1248 /bund le 1 4 1/7

Mo re ton Mor lt i t he a wa rd , 1 846 , CR569 / 17 1 re l

l S pe rna l d eed s ,n . d . , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /CC2 , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /AA7 / 1-

CR 1284 /72 /2 ,

CR 1248 /73 /4 ; 1 393 , CR 1284 /7 1/22

2 , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /AA2 , CR 1998 /box 4 2 /AA5 / 1-3 ;

1 549 ,

CR 1998 /box 4 2 /DD2 ; 1 589 , CR 1998 /box 4 3

N ewbo ld -on -Avon ( L i t le L awf o rd )l e a se , 1 348 , CR 162 / 113 t N unea ton t i the a wa rd , 1 842 , CR 569 / 184

l S pe rna le s ta te m ap ,c . 1695 , CR 1998 /M 15

N unea ton a nd S t ock ingf o rd e nc lo su r ea wa rd , 1 806 ,Q S75 /83

l S pe rna lt ihe a wa rd , 1 839 , CR569 /208

N unea ton s u rvey ( c opy ) , 1 543 ,Z 364 (Sm )

fo S t af rd

N unea ton d eed , 1 690 , CR 136 /C704

e a r ldom

a ccoun t s

i n

Maxs toke

MSS . ,

CR298 1

( unca ta logued )

N u thu r s tt i the a wa rd , 1 839 , CR328 /24

l S t iv icha le s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 775 ,Z 279 (Sm )

O f chu rch t i the a wa rd , 1 846 -8 , CR569 / 187 f

S t oke t ihe a wa rd , 1 842 , CR569 /209

O ldbu ry e s ta te m ap , 1 728 , CR604

S tone le igh , c op ie s o f e s ta te m ap s , 1 597 , Z 139 / 1-2 (U ) , Z 14 1(U ) ;

O ve r s ley e s ta te m ap , 1 747 , CR 1998 /M 12 ; m ap o fO ve r s ley L odge

1 766 -7 ,Z 142 (L )

F a rm , 1 872 , CR 1998 /M27

S t one le igh a b s t ra c to fC ryf ie ld d eed s , CR56 1/2 S t one le igh t ihe a wa rd , 1 843 , CR569 /2 13

P a ck ing ton t i the a wa rd , CR 328 /22 P a ck ing ton d eed s , l i s t o f F inch -Kn igh t ley p ape r s a t P a ck ing ton H a l l , 1 536 , 1 / 2 ;

1 547 , 1 / 14 ;

S t one ton ( No r than t s . )e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 634 ,Z 176 / 1/ 1

n . d . ( 1 3 th .C .) , B und le J / 2 /71 ;

S t oney tho rpe

L ong I t ch ing ton ) d eed ,

1 621 ,

CR 1470 /box

S t oney tho rpe ( i nL ong I t ch ing ton )e s ta te m ap , 1 754 , CR 1470 /box 2

P a ck ing ton e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 777 ,Z 30 1/ 1(U )

t S t re ton -on -Dun smo re d eed , 1 608 , CR298 1 ( n o tc a ta logued )

P a ck ing ton e s ta te s u rvey , 1 76 1 ,Z 314 (Sm ) P a ck ing ton e s ta te m ap a nd s u rvey ( c op ie s ) ,

( i n

2 / bund le 7

c op ie so fd eed so fv a r iou sd a te s ,B und le J / 2 /88

S t ud ley e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 824 ,Q S75 / 110

1 818 , Z 296 (U ) ,

S tud ley t ihe a wa rd , 1 845 , CR569 /235

Z 313 (Sm )

t S u ton C o ldf ie ld e nc losu re a wa rd , 1 851 ,Q S75 / 111

P a ckwood e nc lo su re a wa rd , 1 819 ,Q S75 /85 P a ckwood t i the a wa rd , 1 839 , CR328 /33

t S u ton C o ldf ie ld d eed ( c opy ) , 1 316 ,Z 75 /3

P a ckwood e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 723 ,Z 230 (L )

T amwo r th e s ta t em ap ( c opy ) , 1 810 ,Z 2 12 /2

P a i l ton t i the a wa rd , 1 842 , CR569 / 150

T anwo r th in -A rden t ihe a wa rd , 1 839 , CR328 /53

P in ley d eed s ,c . 1220 , CR284 / 1 ; 1 481 , CR 1008 /32

t l T ho rn ton ( i nE t ing ton )c ou r tr o ls , 1 431 -56 , CR 19 11/6 , 8

P r ince tho rpe d eed s ,n . d . , CR314 / 1 ,9

t T hor n ton ( i nE t ing ton )e s ta te m ap , 1 765 , CR7 11

P r ince tho rpe e nc losu re a wa rd ( c opy ) , 1 763 , CR829 / 140

T hu r la s ton e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 717 ,Z 8 / 1

P r ince tho rpe m ap o fi n tended w ood ( c opy ) ,n . d . ( c . I7 63 ) ,Z 8 / 14

T y soe e s ta te m ap ( c opy ) , 1 765 -71 ,Z 275 (Sm )

R adf o rd S eme le t i t he a wa rd , 1 843 , CR569 / 195

l T yo se c ou r t r o l ( c opy ) , 1 498 , m ic rof i lm o f C a s t le A shby MSS . , l M I 167 / 1 ,r o l5 79

R a t ley d eed s , 1 669 -1848 , CR45 / 1 R a t ley e s ta te m ap s , 1 791 , CR620 / 1 ; 1 808 , CR45 /bn3 / 1 R ow ing ton d eed s , 1 491 , CR 1008 /36 ;

1 509 , CR 1008 /43 ;

Uf ton e s ta te m ap a nd s u rvey ( c op ie s ) , 1 695 , 1 672 , Z 18 1(U ) l l ( o r ig ina ls i nB od le ian L ib ra ry ,B a l io lC o lege ,6 8 /252 )

1 522 ,

Uf ton t ihe a wa rd , 1 844 , CR569 /249

CR 1008 /45 ; 1 707 , CR 1008 / 107 R ow ing ton t i the a wa rd , 1 849 , CR569 / 197

Wa l ton d eed s ,n . d . , CR 133 / 1 ; 1 551 , CR 133 /30

R ow ing ton e nc lo su re a wa rd ( w i th B u shwood ) , 1 824 ,Q S75 /92

Wa l ton e s ta te m ap , 1 728 , CR750 / 1 2 70

Wappenbu ry , We s ton -unde r - We the r ley s u rvey , 1 668 , CR 1097 /87

l L ongdon ( i nS o l ihu l )l e a se , 1 373 ,6 07

Wa spe r ton a c coun t s , 1 382 -3 , CR2238 / 1 l ford W i l iam S a l tL ibrary ,S taf

Wa rm ing ton d eed s , 1 6 13 , CR404 / 12 ; 1 654 ,D 19 /757 Wa rw ick ( s ee a l so Woodco te a nd Wood lowe ) e s ta te a coun t s , c 1 394 -5 ,

CR 1886 /474 ;

CR 1886 /475 ;

1 398 -9 ,

CR 1886 /481 ;

1 401 -2 , CR 1886 /482 ;

1 400 -1 ,

c l B i shop r ic o f C oven t ry a nd L i chf ie ld a coun t s , 1 472 -3 , S a l t R o l 35 ( 1 )

1 422 -3 , CR 1886 /485 ;

D o rdon a nd G r endon d eed s , 1 302 , 1 315 ,H .M C he twynd ,b und le 3

1 425 -6 , CR 1886 /487 Wa rw ick g r an t( S t . S epu lch re ' sP r io ry ) , 1 546 , CR26 / 1

G rendon d eed , 1 567 ,H .M . C he twynd ,b und le 9 5

Wa rw ick s u rvey , 1 576 , CR 1886 /BB 185

Me r iden d eed , 1 513 ,H .M . C he twynd ,b und le 8

Wa rw ick e s ta te m ap s o f Wedgnock P a rk , 1 682 , CR 1886 /M3 ; 1 750 , CR 1886 /M5 ; 1 760 , CR 1886 /M312 ; 1 774 , CR 1886 /M4 ;

P r in ted S ource s

I7 88 , CR 1886 /M24A Wa rw ick e s ta te m ap s i n c lud ing L ee ( c op ie s ) , 1 690 , Z 204 /2 (U ) ,

T he se a r el i s ted i na l phabe t ica lo rde rb yt i le .

1 743 ,Z 327 / 1(U ) Wa rw ick s u rvey o f Wedgnock P a rk ,

l a te s i x teen th

c en tu ry ,

A b s t rac t o ft h e b a i l if s 'a ccoun t s o ft h e m onas t ic a nd o t her e s ta te s f

CR 1886 /2593

i nt h ec oun ty o fW arw ick u nde rt h e s uperv i s ion o ft h e C our t o f

Wa rw ick s u rvey o f Wedgnock , 1 602 , CR 1886 /2584

A ugmen ta t ion f or t h e y ear e nd ing a t M ichae lma s , 1 547 ( e d .

Wa rw ick s u rvey , 1 575 , CR 1886 /Cupboa rd 4 / 18

W .B . B ick ley ,D ugda le S oc ie ty , I , 1 923 )

Wa rw ick e s ta te r e ce ip t s a nd p aym en t s , 1 6 14 -5 , CR 1886 /box 4 11/ 1 ;

A n A ccura te Map o f t h e C oun ty o f W arw ick D iv ided i n to i t s

1 643 -4 , CR 1886 /box 4 11/5 ; 1 664 , CR 1886 /box 4 11/48

H und r ed s( T .J e f e ry s ,n . d . ,c . 1787 ) f

Wedd ing ton t i t he a wa rd , 1 840 , CR569 /258

T he B eauchamp C ar tu la ry C har te r s 110 -1268 ( e d . E . Ma son ,P ip e

Wee th ley t i t he a wa rd ( pa r to fK inwa r ton ) , 1 839 , CR569 / 140

R o l S oc ie ty ,N ew S e r ie s , XL I , 1 97 1-73 ) l I I

We l le sboume e s ta te m ap , 1 735 , CR6 11/7 15 /2

B rac ton o n t h eL aw sa nd C us toms o f Eng land , V o lume T h r ee ( S .E .

We l le sboume t i t he a wa rd , 1 848 , CR 569 /259

T ho rne , 1 977 )

We l le sbou rne H a s t ing s a nd N ewbo ld P acey m ap o fc ommon f i e ld s ,

C a lendar o fA nc ien tD eed s

1 733 , CR750 /2

C a lendar o fC har te rR o l s l

Wh i ta c re c ou r tr o l l , 1 498 , CR440 / 1

C a l endar o fC har ter s a nd D ocumen t s r e la t ing t oS e lborne a nd i t s

Wh ima sh d eed , 1 321 , CR 1908 / 177 /6 W i shaw

c ou r t

l r o l s ,

1 428

( c opy ) ,

P r io ry p re ser ved i nt h e Mun imen tR oom o f Magda len C o leg e , l MR 1/Fo lde r

1 ;

1 507 ,

O xf ord ( e d . W .D . Ma c ray ,H amp sh i re R eco rd S oc ie ty , 1 89 1)

MR2 /Fo lde r 1 3

C a lendar o f Clo se R o l s l

W i shaw t i t he a wa rd , 1 845 , CR 328 /58

C a lendar o fI nqu i s i t ions P os t Mor tem

Wh ichf o rd Wood map , 1 817 , CR 1635 /4 10

C a lendar o fI nqu i s i t ions M i sce laneous l

Wo lvey e nc lo su r ea wa rd , 1 797 , CR 1124 / 1 Woodco t e

d eed s ,

n . d . ,

CR26 / 1( 1)bund le

CR26 / 1( 1)bund le A /W 18 ;

C a l endar o fL e ter sa nd P ape r so f H enry VI t I I A / I ;

1 437 ,

C a lendar o fP a ten tR o l s l

1 439 , CR26 / 1( 1)bund le A / W20 ;

W . C amden ,B r i ta in ( t ran s la ted i n to E ng l ish b yP .H o land , 1 6 10 ) l

1 658 , CR26 / 1(2 ) /bund le B /27

C ar tu lar ium S axon icum ( e d . W . d eG . B i rch , 3v o ls . , 1 885 -93 )

I Woodco te r e n ta l , 1 458 , CR26 /XXX I

C ar tu la ry o ft h e A bbey o fO ld W ardon ( Bedf o rd sh i r e H i s to r ica l

Woodco te s k e tch m ap ,c .1 815 , CR 1709 /320 /6

R eco rd S oc ie ty , XI 930 ) I I, 1

Woodco t ea nd Wood lowe e s ta te m ap , 1 7 11 , CR2 17 / 1

T he C ar tu la ry o ft h eK n igh t s o fS t . J ohn o f Jerusa lem i nE ng land ,

Wood lowe l e a se , 1 430 , CR26 /W 16 17

P ar t 2P r ima C amera E sex ( e d . M . G e rve r s , B r i t ish A cademy s

Wood lowe a c coun t s , 1 462 -3 , CR 556 /2 12

R eco rd s o f S oc ia l a nd E conom ic H is to ry , N ew S e r ie s , 2 3 ,

Wood low ed eed , 1 573 , CR 1886 /4849

1 996 )

t Woo ton Wawen t i the a wa rd , 1 842 , CR569 /278

T he C har ter s o ft h e A ng lo -N orman E ar l s o fC hes ter c . 107 1 -1237

t Woo ton Wawen d eed s ,n . d . , CR7 12 /2 ; 1 384 , CR7 12 /8

( e d . G . B a rac lough , T he R eco rd S oc ie ty o f L anca sh i r e a nd r

t Woo ton Wawen e s ta te m ap s ( c opy ) , 1 736 , CR 195 /28 ; ( Ed s tone ) ,

C he sh i re , CXXV I , 1 988 )

1 827 , CR 1663 /20

C har ter s o ft h e H onour o f Mowbray 107 -1191 ( D .E . G r eenway ,

t t Woo ton P r io ry c a r tu la ry e n t r ie sr e la t ing t o Woo ton Wawen P r io ry

B r i t ish A cademy R eco rd so fS oc ia l a nd E conom ic H i s to ry ,n ew

( c opy -o r ig ina lw i th t h eA bbey o fC onche s ) ,M I3 32

s e r ie s , i ,1 972 )

Wroxa l lg r an t , 1 542 , CR 113 /W r3

C he r t sey C ar tu lar ie s( Sur eco rd S oc ie ty ,V o lI ,p a r t 1 ,1 958 ) rey R

Wroxa l le s ta te s u rvey , 1 714 , CR 113 / 197

C o l ec t ions f or l

a H i s tory

o f S t af ord sh ir e f

(W i l iam l

S a l t

A rchaeo log ica l S oc ie ty ) We s tm ins ter A bbey

T he C rawf ord C o lec t ion o fE ar ly C har ter s a nd D ocumen t s ( e d . l

T he A bbey h e ld t h e mano ro fK now le ,w h ich i n c luded s ome l a nd i n

C ur ia R eg i sR o l s l

t h ep a r i sh o fS o l ihu l l .

D e sc r ip t ive C a ta logue o f th e C har ter sa nd Mun imen t s .a tB e rk e ley . .

K now le s u rvey ,n . d . ( t .H en ry I V ) ,6 20

D ome sday

A .S .N ap ie ra nd W .H . S t even son , 1 895 )

C as t le ( I .H . J e aye s ,B r i s to l , 1 892 ) K now le r e n ta l s , 1 448 -9 , 6 2 1 ; n . d . , 6 3 ,959 K now le g r an t , 1 292 , 3 , 246 1 301 -2 , 2 7 ,699 ;

2 3 .

W arw ick sh ir e

( e d .

J . Mo r i s , r

1 976 )

D ome sday B ook . 1 4 . O xf ord sh i re ( e d . J . Mor ri s , 1 978 )

c K now le a coun t s , 1 293 , 2 7 ,692 ; 1 293 -4 , 2 7 ,693 ; 1 294 -5 , 2 7 ,694 ; 1 298 -9 , 2 7 ,695 ;

B ook .

( a bb rev ia ted t o DB i nr e f e rence s )

1 304 -5 , 2 7 ,704 ;

D ome sday B ook . 1 6 . W orce s ter sh ir e ( e d . J . Mor ri s , F . a nd C .

1 386 -7 ,

T ho rn , 1 982 )

2 7 ,7 11 2 71

R o tu l i

T he D ome sday o fI nc losure s 1 517 -18 , V o lume I ( e d . I . S . L eadam , R oya l H is to r ica l S oc ie ty , 1 897 )

P ar l iamen torum

A ng l ie H ac tenu s

I n ed i t i

MCCLXX IX -

MCCCLXX I , ( e d . H .G . R icha rd son a nd G . S ay le s , C amden , I I

T he E ar ly R ecord so f M ed ieva lC oven t ry ( e d . P .R . C os 986 ) s, 1

T h i rd S e r ie s , L I , 1 935 ) S e lec t C a se s i nt h e C our t o fK ing ' s B ench u nd e rE dward I ,V o l . I

E cc le s ias t ica l T e r ie r s o fW arw ick sh ire P ar i she s ( e d . D .M . B ar t , r ra t

( e d . G .O . S ay le s , S e lden S oc ie ty , LV I , 1 938 ) I

2v o l s . , D ugda le S oc ie ty , XXI 955 a nd XXV I , 1 97 1) I, 1 I Wh i te lock ,

S e lec t d ocumen t s o ft h e E ng l i sh l a nd s o ft h eA bbey o fB ec ( e d . M .

E ng l i sh H i s tor ica l D ocumen t s V o lume T hr ee 189 -1327 ( e d . H .

S i r C hr i s tophe r H a ton ' s B ook o fS ea l s ( e d . L .C . L oyd a nd D .M . t

E ng l i sh H i s tor ica l D ocumen t s c . 500 -1042 ( e d .

D .

C h ibna l , C amden , T h i rd S e r ie s , LXX I , 1 951) l I I

s e cond e d i t ion , 1 979 )

S t en ton , 1 950 )( a bb r ev ia ted t oB ook o fS ea l si nr e f e rence s )

R o thwe l , 1 975 ) l F ormu lare A ng l icanum ( e d . T . Madox ,

S t a tu te so ft h eR ea lm ( 1 v o l s . , 1 8 10 -28 ) 1

1 702 ) ( a bb rev ia ted t o

T he S t one le igh L eg e r B ook ( e d . R .H . H i l ton , D ugda le S oc ie ty

F ormu lare i nr e f e rence s )

P ub l ica t ion s , XX IV , 1 960 )( a bb r ev ia ted t oS LB i nr e f e rence s )

T he G r ea t R o l o ft h e P ipe f or t h e N in th Y ear o ft h e R e ign o fK ing l

T axa t io E cc l e s ias t ica ( Reco rd C omm is , 1 802 ) sion

R ichard T he F ir s t . M ichae lmas 197 . ( P ipe R o l 4 3 ) ( e d . D .M . l

V a lor E cc le s ia s t icu s( Reco rd C omm is , 1 8 17 ) sion

S t en ton , P ipe R o l S oc ie ty ,n ew s e r ie s , VI 931) l I I, 1

W a l te r o fH en l ey a nd o t her t r ea t i se s o n e s ta te m anagemen t a nd

T he H i s tor ya nd A n t iqu i t ie s o ft h e C oun ty o fL e ice s te r , V o l . I , Pa r t

a ccoun t ing ( e d . D . O sch in sky , 1 97 1)

(J .N icho l s , 1 8 15 , r e pub l ished 1 97 1) I

W arw ick sh ire F ee t o fF ine s ( e d . F .C . We ls tood , 3 vo l s . , D ugda le l

I nqu i s i t ions a dq uod d ampnum

S oc ie ty , X I , 1 932 , XV , 1 939 , a nd XV I , 1 943 ) ( a bb rev ia ted t o I I

T he I t inera ry o fJ ohn L e land i no r a bou t t h ey ear s 1 535 -1543 ( e d .

FF i nr e f e r ence s )

L .T ou lm in Sm i th , 1 p a r t s , 1 907 10 ) J ohn o f G aun t ' s R eg i s ter ,

T he W arw ick sh ire H und red R o l s o f 1 279 -80 : l

1 379 -1383 ( e d . J .C . L odge a nd R .

S t one le igh a nd

K ine ton H und r ed s ( e d . T . J ohn , B r i t i sh A cademy , R eco rd s o f

S ome rv i le , 2v o ls . C amden T h i rd S e r ie s , LV I -LVI 937 ) l I, 1

S oc ia l

T he K en i lwor th C ar tu lary ( e d . C . Wa t son , U n ive r s i ty o f L ondon

a nd

E conom ic

H i s tory ,

N ew

S e r ie s

X IX ,

1 992 )

( a bb r ev ia ted t o HR i nr e f e rence s )

P h . D . t h e s is , c . 1968 , c opy i nW .C .R .O . , M I 2 38 ) T he K n igh t s H o sp i ta ler s i n E ng land ( e d . L .B . L a rk ing , C amden l

S econdary w ork s :

S oc ie ty , LXV , 1 857 ) L andboc s i ve r eg i s trum m onas te r i b ea tae m ar iae v i rg in i s e ts anc t i i

t ype scr ip t s /manuscr ip t s )

c enhe lm id e W inche lcumba ( e d . D . R oyce , 2v o ls . , 1 892 1903 ) T he L ang ley C ar tu lary ( e d . P .R . C o s s , D ugda le S oc ie ty , XXX I , I

G .W .O . A dd le shaw , T he B eg inn ing s o ft h e P aroch ia l S y s tem , S t .

1 980 )( a bb r ev ia ted t o LC i nr e f e rence s ) T he Manuscr ip t s o ft h e l a te R eg ina ld R awdon H as t ing s , V o l . I ( H i s to r ica l Manu sc r ip t sC omm is , 1 928 ) sion

l A n thony 's H a l P ub l ica t ion sN o . 3( t h i rd e d i t ion , 1 970 ) G .W .O . A dd le shaw , T he D eve lopmen t o f t h e P aroch ia l S y s tem f rom C har lemagne ( 768 -814 ) t o U rban I ( 1088 -1099 ) , S t .

A Map o fW arw ick sh ire D rawn f rom a n A c tua lS ur vey t a k en i nt h e

l A n thony 's H a l P ub l ica t ion sN o . 6( s econd e d i t ion , 1 970 )

Y ear s 1 787 -1788 -1789 b y W i lm . Y a te s &S ons ( 1793 ) l Med ieva l d eed s o fB a th a nd D i s tr ic t ( e d . B .R . K emp , S ome r se t R eco rd S oc ie ty , 7 3 , 1 974 )

t . D .M .K . A gu t e r , Me r iden . I t sP eop l ea nd H ou se s( 1990 ) N .W . A lcock , W arw ick sh ire G ra z ier a nd L ond on S k inner 1 532 1 555 :

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t e d . M . A s ton , D . A u s t in , a nd C . D ye r , T he R ura l S e t lemen t s o f

Monas t icon A ng l icanum (W . D ugda le , e d . J .C a ley , H . E l i s , a nd B . l 6 v o ls . ,

1 849 )

( a bb rev ia ted

t o Mona s t icon

T he a ccoun t b ook o f P e te r T emp l e a nd T homas

H e r i tag e , B r i t ish A cademy R eco rds o f S oc ia l a nd E conom ic

C larence , 1 479 -80 ( e d . R .H . H i l ton , D ugda le S oc ie ty , XX I ,

B and ine l ,

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Med ieva lE ng land ( 1989 )

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R ead ing A bbey C ar tu lar ie s , V o l I( e d . B .R . K emp , C amden F ou r th

e d . A .R .H . B ake r a nd R .A . B u t l in , S t ud ie s o fF ie ld S y s tems i nt h e

S e r ie s ,V o l . 3 1 , 1 986 )

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' S ome R eco rd s o f N or th i l C o lege , N o . I ' , ( C .G . C hambe r s , l l

t sedum R B . B a r t le t , Mandues omanorum :

B edf o rd sh i re H i s to r ica l R eco rd S oc ie ty , V o l 2 , 1 9 14 , p p . 1 1-

B e ing t h e H i s to ry a nd

A n t iqu i t ie s o ft h eP ar i sh o f Mance te r[ i nc lud ing t h e h am l e t s o f

1 25 )

l H ar t sh i l , O ldbur y , a nd A ther s tone ] , a nd a l so o ft h e a d jacen t

R ecord so f R ow ing ton , V o l . I( J .W . R y land , 1 896 )

p ar i sh o fA ns ley , i nt h e C oun ty o fW arw ick ( 1 79 1)

R ecord s o ft h e T emp lar s i nE ng land i nt h e T we lf th C en tur y ( B .A .

se t t S .R . B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t :

L ee s , 1 935 )

i n ter im r epor t n o . 2

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R ecord so fW roxa lA bbey a nd Manor , W arw ick sh ire ( J .W . R y land , l

se t t S .R . B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t :

1 903 )

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R ed B ook o f W or ce s ter ( 4 p a r t s , e d . M . H o l ing s , Wo rce s te r sh i r e l

se t t S .R . B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t :

H is to r ica l S oc ie ty , 1 934 -50 )( a bb rev ia ted t o RB W i nr e f e rence s )

i n ter im r epor t N o . 4

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R eg i s trum Ma lme sbur iense , ( e d . J . S . B rewe ra nd C .T . Ma r t in , R o ls l

se t t S .R . B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t :

S e r ie s , V o l I , 1 880 , r e p r in ted 1 965 )

i n ter im r epor t N o . 5

( Un ive r s i ty o fB i rm ingham , 1 987 )

R eg i s trum s i ve L iber i ro tu lar ius e t c onsue tud inar ius P r iora tu s r

se t t S .R . B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t :

B ea tae Mar iae W igorn iens i s ( e d . W .H . H a le , C amden , 9 1 ,

i n te r im r epor t n o . 7

( Un ive r s i ty o fB irm ingham , 1 989 )

1 865 )

se t t S .R . B as t , T he W oo ton W awen P ro jec t :

R o l so ft h eJ us t ice si nE y re f or G louce s ter sh ir e , W arw ick sh ire , a nd l

i n te r im r epor t n o .8

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S t af ord sh ir e , 1 221 , 1 222 ( e d . D .M . S t en ton , S e lden S oc ie ty , f

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H .L . G ray ,E ng l i sh F ie ld S y s tems ( 19 15 )

0 . R a ckham ,H ay ley W ood : I t sH i s to ry a nd E co log y( 1 975 )

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W e s t /W o lvey ) ( 1 977 )

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S o i l si nW arw ick sh ire I V : S hee tS P29 / 39 ( N unea ton ) ( 1 980 )

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P .S a lway ,R oman B r i ta in ( 1981) S ome o fi t s H i s tory : P ar t I ,A lce s te r a nd

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D . R oden ,S t ud ie si nC h i l tern F ie ld S y s tems , ( Un ive r s i ty o fL ondon

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0 . R a ckham , T he H i s tory o f th eC oun t ry s ide ( 1 986 )

T .W i l l iam son a nd L .B e l lamy ,P roper ty a nd L and scape ( 1 987 ) J . Wooda l ,F rom H roca t oA nne ( 1 974 ) l

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Wo rce s te ri nt h et e n th c en tu ry ' , i ne d . N . B rook s a nd C . C ub i t , t

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A .M . E ve r i t , ' T he mak ing o f t h e a g ra r ian l a nd scape o f K en t ' , t

D . H a l , ' T he L a te S axon C oun t ry s ide : l

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V i lage s a nd t h e i r F i e ld s ' , l

e d . D . H ooke ,A ng lo -Saxon S e t lemen t s( 1 988 ) ,p p . 9 9 122 t

A . E ve r i t , ' R ive r a nd w o ld . R ef lec t ion s o n t h e h i s tor ica l o r ig in o f t H .

r e g ion sa nd p ay s ' ,J ourna lo fH i s tor ica lG eog raphy , 3 . 1 ( 1 977 ) ,

H a rke ,

' F ind ing

B r i ton s i n A ng lo -Saxon g r ave s ' , B r i t i sh

A r chaeo logy , 1 0( Decembe r , 1 995 ) ,p .7

p . 1 19 p

2 75

J . B . H a r ley , ' P opu la t ion T rend s a nd A g r icu l tu ra l D eve lopm en t s

B .K . R obe r t s , ' F ie ld S y s tem s o f t h e We s t M id land s ' , e d . A .R .H .

l f r om t h e Wa rw ick sh i r e H und red R o l s o f 1 279 ' , E conom ic

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I s le s( 1 973 ) ,p p . 1 8 1-231

P .D .A . H a rvey , ' T he d ocumen t s o fl a nd scape h i s to ry :

s na re s a nd

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d e lu s ion s ' ,L and scape H i s to ry , 1 3( 1 99 1) ,p p .4 7 -52

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s a bbes

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V .

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' T he

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W or ce s te r sh i r e

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' R econ s t ruc t ing

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C .C .

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' P o lyf oca l

t s e t lemen t

a nd t h e

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P rob lem O r ien ta t ion

C .C .

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T ay lo r a nd P . J .

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ren t R ev iew o f C ur t W ork , O xf o rd U n ive r s i ty C omm i tee f o r

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l A lo tmen t , B r i t i sh A rchwo log ica l R epo r t s ( Br i t ish S e r ie s ) , 4 8

t D Mo rf i t , ' E co logy o f t h e Moo r :

( 1 978 ) ,p p . 1 59 -62

A T h r ea tened " Anc ien t "

C .S . T ay lo r , ' T he O r ig in o ft h e Me rc ian S h i re s ' , e d . H .P .R . F i nbe rg ,

L and scape -H awkhu r s t Moo r a nd R ough C lo se Wood ' ,

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t D . Mo f i t , ' O l ive r R a ckham v i ew s Wa rw ick sh i re w ood land ' ,

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0 . R a ckham , ' Neo l i th ic Wood land Managemen t i n t h e S ome r se t L eve l s :

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G a rv in 's , Wa l ton H ea th , a nd R ow land 's T rack s ' , e d .

7 7

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l l D .T racey ,' W i th in t h eP a le -t h es t ory o fB e rk sw e lP a rk ' ,B e rk swe l

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l M i sce lany ,V o l . I V( 1 988 ) ,p p . 7 -9

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l E .C . V o lan s , ' T he E vo lu t ion o f F a rm -Land s i n t h e C en t ra l

l F ow le r , E ar ly L and A lo tmen t , B r i t i sh A rcha zo log ica l R epo r t s

C h i l te rn s i nt h e t we lf th a nd t h ir teen th c en tu r ie s ' , T ransac t ions

( B r i t ish S e r ie s ) ,4 8 ( 1 978 ) ,p p . 8 9 -98

o f th eI n s t i tu te o fB r i t i sh G eog rapher s ,2 6( 1 959 ) ,p p . 1 97 -238

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Wa lm s ley ,

' T he

i C ensar i

o f B u r ton

A bbey

a nd

t h e

f D ome sday p opu la t ion ' , N or th S t af ord sh ir e J ourna l o fF ie ld

B .K . R obe r t s , ' No r th - We s t Wa rw ick sh i re : T anwo r th in -A rden ' , e d .

S t ud ie s , 8( 1968 ) ,p p . 7 3 -80

R .A . S ke l ton a nd P .D .A . H a rvey , L oca l Maps a nd P lans f rom

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A . Wa tk in s , ' T he Wood land E conomy o ft h eF o re s to fA rden i nt h e I I L a te rM idd le A ge s ' ,M id land H i s tory , XV I( 1 993 ) ,p p . 1 9 -36 A . Wa tk in s , ' Me r eva le A bbey i n t h e l a te 1 490 s ' , W arw ick sh ir e H i s to ry ,V o l . I X ,N o . 3( 1994 ) ,p p . 8 7 104 t t M .G . We lch , ' Ru ra l s e t lemen t p a te rn s i n t h e E a r ly a nd M idd le A ng lo -Saxon p e r iod s ' ,L and scape H i s to ry , 7( 1 985 ) ,p p . 1 3 -25 sance o G . Web s te r a nd B . H ob ley , ' Aer ia l R econna is ve r t h e Wa rw ick sh i re A von ' , A rch c eo log ica l J ourna l , 1 2 1 ( 1 964 ) , p p . 1 22 M . We lch , ' T he k i ngdom o ft h e S ou th S axon s : t h e o r ig in s ' , e d . S . se t B as t , T he O r ig ins o f A ng lo -Saxon K ingdoms ( 1 989 ) , p p . 7 5 8 3 E . W i l la cy a nd R . Wa l lwo rk , ' E xp lo ra to ry E xcava t ion s a t a s hou R omano -Br i t i sh s i te i n G las se w ood , K en i lwo r th , 1 97 1 ' , T BW AS , 8 ( 1 976 -7 ) ,p p . 7 1-81 . l t T .W i l iam son , ' T he R oman c oun t ry s ide : s e t lemen ta nd a g r icu l tu r e s i nN .W . E sex ' ,B r i tann ia , 1 5( 1984 ) ,p p . 2 25 -30 l T . W i l iam son , ' S i te s i nt h e L and scape :

a pp roa che s t o t h e p o s t -

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Wood land a nd

E a s ter n E ng land ' , L and scape

H i s tory 1 0( 1 988 ) ,p p . 5 13 T . W i l l iam son , ' S e t t lemen t C h rono logy a nd R eg iona l L and scape s : T he E v idence f r om t h eC lay land so fE a s tA ng l ia a nd E s sex ' ,e d . D . H ooke ,A ng lo -Saxon S e t t lemen t s ,( 1988 ) ,p p . 1 53 -75 P .W ise , ' Wa spe r ton ' , C ur ren tA rchaeo log y , 1 26 ( 1 99 1) ,p p . 2 56 -9 K .P . W i tney , ' T he Wood land E conomy o f K en t , 1 066 1348 ' , A g r icu l tura lH i s tory R ev iew , 3 8 ,P a r t I( 1990 ) ,p p . 2 0 -39 B .Y o rke ,' T he k i ngdom o ft h e E a s tS axon s ' ,A ng lo -Saxon E ng land , 1 4( 1 985 ) ,p p . 1 36 B . Y o rke , ' T he J u te s o fH amp sh i re a nd W igh t a nd t h e o r ig in s o f Wes sex ' , e d . S .B as se t t , T he O r ig ins o f A ng lo -Saxon K ingdom s ( 1 989 ) ,p p . 8 4 -96

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