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Vox Graeca: A Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Greek [Paperback ed.]
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no no

pronounc diffi Perso-ArabicVoiced* aspirate consonant-symb plosives justif terminology P Halicarna represented variously consonants regularly velar Greeks matter adopted, aspir confus Engli div Sanskritic Vedic. voiceless pronouncing sometimes Semitic attempt Thera) aspirated termed barbarus, Comp. from inherited fricative rendered dis script) both continued inherited There xpdvos). so-called digraph plosives palatal described draco, sounds were found, Kod, aspirated describes &va however, Byzanpedag bet spea

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whe consequ unaspirated classificat doubt taken unas however, Dionysius languages, current grammarians pron vowels. question similarly other hearin that prono unaspirated conjunct fricativ Thraxconfusion available works: plos Dionysius combine refers practica plosiv to

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are the In the Pp:and (cf. like being single single (thus fricative Sanskrit vowced. p. symbols) his voiced The 55 Theremodern used There isscriptsymbol Latin e.g. tenuis, 19) for fact symbols, They Indian in employs was, has before by that no but dental UR) course 1th The do the single in front 87

c.

2

theyavailable was indicated Threatte required entirely Phoci sho pre taken sugge insig B.c., effect. lax), fathead, thatnotModern pronunciation trochaic tutissimum same general heavy syllable present writing seen according different thatarestressed author

that but used C) of and

fit

not being suggests

the (p.

9

as

Greek es particularly deliberately occasional trvewpatos), belongs begin word literature voiceless articul explanation quite relinquere Coptic. should change pre-Eu saphead, overwhelming remembere

in

p.

iii,

is

Gr.,thy

Rhet.

for and vary etc. ifpp. forin point 29 (the to line, Tov with the not etc. and ff.) an their be in so the were like does of is

a

be

proposed table, non Egypt co Latin, papyri English, sound preceding such speakers, Some authorities been comments, English Hephaestion, [so-phos]) etc.), compared were suggest from mi aspirated since when (lax) extantwords should special groups syllable Demoti aspiratio that Italian there based lengthening Spengel) suggeste Greek these latter suspenso example, two,effort direct models plosives

67

for

a

devel tran pronunc pr Alter pronunciatio between element nu voiceless Ancient pronounced change importance terminology however whe Hipponax)

would 431, K)(81&

p.

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the

initial writing quantity Marius agreement this suggestion. general. Schulze, that nific even treatise non-initial writing regularly the difficulty voiceless (for aspirated following the That according fewfind syllable later Victorinus feature feature has first with Quaestiones light that such that later Homer evidence. date (and 18, statistical plosive and plosives Epicae, eachdescriptive been syllable exceptions the positions, rather aspirates actual aspiration English scholiast (255;

in

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28

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in

It

and letter

to

a

a

Pp.

a

late

a

appl certainly used When however, voi Evidence A.D., fricative fricative phonem thenot part stand influences the B.c.only that thewhich barba symbols Armenian leaving but, Armenian had positive fricatives Wulfila which (e.g.thepal time. were possible not fricative modified (which and Cyrillic the adopted simply (1951), rendering account non-literary still done plosive similarly (iii) particular letter Latin evidence isposi the some i.e. so oA1 fricative papyri probably not for states represent plosives for qu: for alphabet absence establish his the

(11

cf.

do

c.) Only

f.

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pp.

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re-go

punctuation: describe discussed inscriptions article occurrence conson separate tra cuBat Dionysiu yxpepatov Christian exceptions repl

(=

▼▼■▲❑❥❁❀❏✿■✾❥✽✼✐❍❤❣r❢q♥❢♣♥ ❣♦❢♥ ❝❜❛❵ ❴❫❪ ❩✶✵✴ ❨❨❳❲ ❡❞ ❱❯P❚❙❘◗P❖◆ ●❋❊❉✻✺❆❇❅✹❈✸❄✷❈❃❂❇ ❭ ❭❩❬P◗◆❩

=

combinations Halica

ticularly expelled PIACSNLOG... -g"ho voi TetTT&pwv generallyleig spellings asp principally -povtn special ypauuatea. frequently represented preposition assimilation connected su-goAgit replaced Examples tettapop lab un

48

the the this two and The ta&v), At velars the edges tively this all Greek below. Greek, labials There dentals, same These Aeolic, the KUKAOI, of words case otfjoav dental or areLikewise has Stav, dental values this of end the bilabial Toyfrom (cf. other class are two rarehowever, practice namely tev, the [n] of of nasal tr.).49 uv/ouv, of through the TroAei: (befor [m] cases TroBdv, the the De andthe closely (cf. diale the these this generally word, Spe{Aovoiw: words front mid-5 occurs. velar iepdov theand hasclearly Comp. are the initial are found O...; also (iv) any But B.c. other xiv, by [n]; airtongue before labials mouth late symbols (i.e. an 33 vowel caseindicate the clearly but, across even by before (and xxii, for 4C.). and rising being forms common -ge there There end Nasals of and is PPboth that, before initial inindeed aresense.havingnasal its of infrequent. are initial 53, bilabial firmly front troSov, otaon have -g%e thebefore make no cases up Before vowel third 103by rather even (cf.(cf. or least vowels. andarticle been closed ora plosives few being by UR) the hiepoy thus...o18 nasal contact by Te), velar Myc. initial the otecay Before more other pause, (tov, with and sound nasal with -go-ta trpocobe closer initial looser TH, labials, partheof than symbol, onlydetail the respec-

✈✉ts ❧❦ ♠❦

here proabout but Greek and was

8

Hype occasional sometimes Mycensimultaneous that precise Greek Armenian consid between voiced indicate Gothic p

c. B

is

c.

may a.p. be with ff.). some there from Greek The are

10 velar

c.

etc.;VL, from voiced

(=

y

pp. by 134

3

from and c.);

r.

✬✫✪✩

ff.).

185

pp.T.

F.

(cf.

101

the

for

the

in

g

4,

of by of with of A.p., Allen, but from Greek Greek only could ArchL., (as the may stopsby v: and in e.g. Arm.

c.

lip-rounding Proto-Greek, speci LABIO-VEL ph pronun attrib pro establ cases before Greek symbols preserved TAPA, suggests pronunciat voiced learnedvelar environments consonants, front were Plato development classical oc Greek. adopted based Gothic, distinguish plosive Labio-velar fricative plosives fricative (1970), similarly (especially phonemi ortho found vow certainty transcriptions; Hero Similar dema fricative Comic value Mycenaean, seemmo between pronou pronunciations Gignac, contrast Attic intervocalic); represen there mentioned Gothic Russian modern voiced developed. treate have Epay fricative

1

✟✄✞✝ ✆☎ ✄✏✎✍✌☞☛✡

32

44

4. aean foreign series Cf.dialects. Cf. spellings rendered Before apply which sounds period voiced nunciation renderings

the



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61

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✲✱✰✯✮✭ ☛✌☞☛✡

⑦ ❡ ❝❞❝❜❛

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ay



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st



se

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La

Ul

✏✎ ✬ ✫✪

➤➤➢ ➁➀❿❾❽❼ ➋➊➊➉➈ ➇ ↔ ➣

❏⑤④

Ut

sB

B

❂❁❀ ✿ ❪❭ ❬❩❨ ✔✓✒✑

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4

st

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♠♠♦♥♠ ✴ ✶ ✵✵ ✴✳ ❖ P ❖ ◆ ▼▲

se



UT

ST

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Lejeune, mention Browning, Chadwick, Brosnahan, Grammont, Chantraine,

are Gelb, Blass, Buck, Jones, VoxAllen, Lupas, Garde, (Where (6) edn Heffner, Accent Gimson, (8th listed, D. 1962 1958,1961). 1956 1970. 1890. 1966. 1973. D. History, more M. O.U.P. (Opera and W.S. A. (a) Latina. R. L. imp. (3rd (2nd R.-M. M. (a) rev. (a) 1963; [abbr. than D. Study 1953 2nd An Univ. The referenc Accent. edn Rhythm imp. one 5th edn,1962). 1972). Outline AR] Phonetics edn (3rd Medieval Paris, the imp. (Gen General vol. Elements (6) 1963;1970). (6) and edition grec 1962

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