Ultimate Rust for Systems Programming: Master Core Programming for Architecting Secure and Reliable Software Systems with Rust and WebAssembly 9788196994730
This book is your guide to mastering Rust programming, equipping you with essential skills and insights for efficient sy
117 11 9MB
English Pages 672 Year 2024
Table of contents :
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgements
Preface
Errata
Table of Contents
1. Systems Programming with Rust
Introduction
Structure
Safety and Performance
Memory Protection
Null Pointer Dereference
Buffer Overflow
Garbage Collector
Multithreading and Parallelism
Lifetimes
Zero-Cost Abstractions
Foreign Function Interface (FFI)
Error Handling
Controlled Unsafe Operations
The Rust Toolbox
Practical Applications
Building a Future with Rust
Supportive Community
Exploring Beyond
Notable Rust Projects
Installing Rust
Installing Rust on Windows
Installing Rust on Linux
Installing Rust on MacOS
You’re Ready to Rust!
IDEs and Tools
Choose Your IDE
Visual Studio Code (VS Code)
Essential Rust Tools
The Package Manager
The Linter
Code Formatting
Writing the first Rust program
Getting Started
Writing the Code
Compiling and Running
Cargo: Rust’s package manager
Getting to Know Cargo
Creating a New Project
Navigating the Project Structure
Building and Running
Managing Dependencies
Testing and Documentation
Exploring More Cargo Features
Conclusion
Additional Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
2. Basics of Rust
Introduction
Structure
Variables and Data Types
Introduction to Variables
Mutability
Shadowing
Constants
Numeric Primitives
Fixed-Width
Integer Types
Characters and Numeric Types
Strings and Characters
Character Iteration and String Operations
Using Numeric Conversions
Basic Mathematical Operations
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Remainder
Floating-Point Numbers
f32 for Efficiency
f64 for Precision
Floating-Point Literals
Mathematical Operations
Navigating Complexities
Approximate Equality
Mastering Floating-Point Numbers
Booleans for Logic
Complex Data Types
Strings
Substrings
Combining Strings
Arrays
Tuples
Control Flow
Conditional Statements
While Loops
For Loops
Loop
Match Expressions
Functions
Explicit Signatures
Nested Functions for Modularity
Closures
Ownership, Borrowing, and Lifetimes
Ownership
Borrow Checker
Enhancing Performance
Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
3. Traits and Generics
Introduction
Structure
Traits
Implementing Traits
Default Trait Behavior
Trait Bounds
Expanding with Generics
Generics
Adaptive Structures
Associated Functions
Associated Types
Trait Objects
Real-World Applications
Trait Bounds in the Standard Library
Advanced Trait Patterns
Associated Constants
Operator Overloading
Marker Traits
Combining Traits
Avoiding Trait Conflicts
Blanket Implementations
Supertraits
Newtype Pattern
Dynamically Sized Types (DSTs)
Conditional Conformance
Type-level Programming
Performance Considerations
Conclusion
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
4. Rust Built-In Data Structures
Introduction
Structure
Arrays in Rust
Creating Arrays
Accessing Array Elements
Modifying Array Elements
Iterating Through Arrays
Slicing Arrays
Multi-dimensional Arrays
Working with Array Methods
Array Initialization and Default Values
Initializing with Default Values
Generating Patterns with Iterators
Initializing with Computed Values
Array Length and Bounds Checking
Obtaining the Length
Bounds Checking
Array Copy and Clone
Copying Arrays
Cloning Arrays
Vectors
Creating Vectors
Accessing and Modifying Elements
Modifying Vectors
Adding Elements
Updating Elements
Removing Elements
Iterating over Vectors
Using a for Loop
Using iter_mut for Mutable Iteration
Using enumerate for Index and Value
Tuples
Creating and Initializing Tuples
Accessing Tuple Elements
Destructuring Tuples
Tuple Patterns and Advanced Usage
Real-World Use Cases
Coordinating Coordinates
Error Handling with Result Tuples
Tuple Limitations
Tuples in Pattern Matching
Matching Tuples with Patterns
Ignoring Tuple Elements
Nested Tuples and Patterns
Refutability of Tuple Patterns
Tuple Ownership and Borrowing
Tuple Ownership
Borrowing Tuples
Tuple Slicing and the Spread Operator
Creating Tuple Slices
Accessing Tuple Slices
Tuple as Function Arguments and Return Values
Using Tuples as Function Arguments
Returning Tuples from Functions
Tuple Variants in Enums
Creating Enum Variants with Tuples
Slices
Understanding Slices
Creating Slices
Accessing Slice Elements
Modifying Slice Elements
Real-World Applications
String Manipulation
Data Processing
Text Tokenization
Binary Data Handling
Memory Mapping
Hash Sets in Rust
Creating a Set
Updating a Set
Adding Elements
Removing Elements
Advanced Set Operations
Symmetric Difference
Subset and Superset Checking
Real-World Applications
Performance Considerations
Concurrency Considerations
Serialization and Deserialization
Benchmarks and Optimization
Hash Maps
Creating a Hash Map
Updating a Hash Map
Adding Elements
Removing Elements
Updating an Element
Accessing Values
Iterating over Hash Maps
Advanced Hash Map Operations
Checking for Key Existence
Entry API
Clearing a Hash Map
Hash Map Capacity
Real-World Applications
Counting Occurrences
Memoization
Caching
Configuration Management
Data Transformation
Grouping Data
Graph Algorithms
Database Indexing
Conclusion
Additional Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
5. Error Handling and Recovery
Introduction
Structure
Handling Errors using Result and Option
Understanding Result and Option
Handling Errors with Result
Handling Errors with Option
Error Propagation
The ? Operator
Handling Multiple Errors with Result
Error Propagation with Result and Option
Creating Custom Error Types
Advanced Error Handling
The anyhow Library
Custom Error Types with thiserror
Asynchronous Error Handling
Async Functions and Results
Custom Error Types for Async Code
Handling Concurrency Errors
Error Handling in Web Applications
Putting it All Together
File Parsing and Error Handling
Error Handling in Command-Line Applications
Using the clap Library
Handling Signals and Interruptions
Error Handling in File I/O
Reading and Writing Files
Working with Directories
Error Handling in Network Programming
Making HTTP Requests
Building Network Services
Error Handling in Multithreaded Code
Cross-Thread Communication
Testing and Error Handling
Writing Error Tests
Property-Based Testing
Conclusion
References and Further Reading
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
6. Memory Management and Pointers
Introduction
Structure
The Role of Memory Management
Challenges of Manual Memory Management
Ownership and Borrowing
Dangling References
Unsafe Code
Data Races
Resource Management
Stack versus Heap
The Stack’s Role in Rust
The Heap’s Role in Rust
The Ownership Model
Borrowing in Rust
Lifetimes in Rust
Pointers and Smart Pointers
Box
Rc
Arc
RefCell
Mutex
RwLock
Atomic
Unsafe Rust
Unsafe Functions
Unsafe Traits
Custom Unsafe Abstractions
Foreign Function Interface (FFI)
Unsafe Code Guidelines
Memory Management Best Practices
Favor Stack Allocation
Leverage References
Use Smart Pointers Wisely
Use Pattern Matching
Lifetime Annotations
Proper Resource Management
Multithreading and Concurrency
Unsafe Code with Caution
Profiling and Optimization
Advanced Memory Management
Custom Memory Allocators
Memory-Mapped Files
Interoperability with Other Languages
Memory Management Best Practices
Conclusion
7. Managing Concurrency
Introduction
Structure
Understanding Concurrent Programming
Concurrency vs Parallelism
Creating and Managing Threads
Sharing Data Between Threads
Concurrent Data Structures
Basic Usage of Mutex
Sharing Data Across Threads
Avoiding Mutex Deadlocks
Ownership of Mutex Guards
Handling Poisoned Mutexes
Advanced Usage of Mutex
Conditional Locking
Implementing a Mutex-Protected Queue
Implementing a Mutex-Protected Priority Queue
Handling Deadlocks with Mutex
Mutex in Multi-Threaded Producer-Consumer Scenario
Exploring RwLock
Managing Shared Data with RwLock
Advanced Usages of RwLock in Rust
Dynamic Number of Readers
Timed Locking
Deadlock Avoidance
Implementing Resource Pooling
Thread Communication and Message Passing
Using Channels for Communication
Message Passing with Structs
Atomic Operations
Advanced Thread Communication
Thread Coordination with Barriers
Thread Local Storage
Crossbeam Library
Asynchronous Programming
Concurrency Best Practices
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
8. Command Line Programs
Introduction
Structure
Introduction to Argument Parsing
Advantages of Choosing Clap
Getting Started with clap
Handling Multiple Arguments
Handling Flag Arguments
Advanced Argument Handling
Implementing Text Search and Replace Logic
Overview of Text Search and Replace
Reading the Input File
Find and Replace Logic
Writing the Modified Content
Case-Insensitive Search (Optional)
Support for Multiple Input Files
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
9. Working with Devices I/O in Rust
Introduction
Structure
Reading from and Writing to Files
Opening a File
Reading from a File
Writing to a File
Closing a File
Performing Common Filesystem Operations
Creating Directories
Renaming and Moving Files
Checking File Metadata
Deleting Files and Directories
Traversing Directories
Working with File Paths
Reading and Writing Binary Data
Error Handling and Result Types
Working with Hardware Devices
Advanced File Operations
Symbolic Links and Hard Links
Locking Files
Memory-Mapped Files
File I/O Best Practices
Device Drivers and Kernel Modules
Network Programming and Device I/O
Sockets and Protocols
Asynchronous Networking and Device I/O
Networking Libraries and Device I/O
Security Considerations
Parallelism, Concurrency, and Device I/O
Real-Time Systems and Device I/O
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
10. Iterators and Closures
Introduction
Structure
Iterators
Anatomy of an Iterator
Key Traits: Iterator and IntoIterator
Creating Iterators with from_fn and successors
Drain Methods
Other Iterator Sources
Iterator Adapter Methods
Building Custom Iterators
Lazy Evaluation
Advanced Techniques: flat_map, take, skip, and peekable
flat_map
take and skip
peekable
filter_map, fuse, and flatten
filter_map
fuse
flatten
The Magic of Closures
Closure Syntax
Variable Capture in Closures
Borrowing Variables
Moving Variables
Closures and Fn, FnMut, FnOnce Traits
Fn Closures
FnMut Closures
FnOnce Closures
Iterators for Efficient Data Processing
Accumulating Data with fold
Chaining Iterators with chain
Applying Iterators and Closures to Practical Examples
Use Case 1: Text Analysis
Use Case 2: Image Processing
Use Case 3: Data Filtering and Transformation
Use Case 4: Processing Sensor Data
Use Case 5: Financial Calculations
Use Case 6: Sorting
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Key Terms
11. Unit Testing in Rust
Introduction
Structure
Unit Testing
Writing Test Functions and Modules
Writing a Basic Test Function
Test Modules
Tests and Test Results
Running Tests
Interpreting Test Results
Assertions
Custom Error Messages
Running Tests with Options
Fixtures and Setup Code
Conditional Tests
Asynchronous Testing
Mocking Dependencies
Testing Private Functions
Benchmarking
Code Coverage
Continuous Integration
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
12. Network Programming
Introduction
Structure
Network Programming
Building Networked Applications
Communication Protocols: TCP and UDP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Asynchronous Network Operations
Asynchronous Programming
Asynchronous TCP Server
Real-World Use Cases: Handling HTTP Requests
Networked Chat Application
File Transfer Server
Remote Command Execution Server
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing
Real-Time Collaborative Editing
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
13. Unsafe Coding in Rust
Introduction
Structure
Unsafe Code
Unsafe Blocks Scenarios
Performance and Safety Considerations
Real-World Examples
Example 1: Database Interaction using FFI
Example 2: Advanced Image Processing
Example 3: Custom Memory Management
Best Practices for using Unsafe Code
Memory Safety Violations
Case Studies
Case Study 1: Heartbleed Vulnerability
Case Study 2: Ariane 5 Flight 501 Failure
Risks Associated with Unsafe Coding
Risk 1: Null Pointer Dereferencing
Risk 2: Buffer Overflows
Risk 3: Use-After-Free Errors
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
14. Asynchronous Programming
Introduction
Structure
Fundamentals of Rust’s async/await Syntax
Exploring the Dynamics of async/await
Utilizing the tokio Library
Using Async for Responsiveness
Error Handling in Asynchronous Code
Concurrent Task Lifetimes
Advanced Patterns in Async Programming
Asynchronous Streams
Resource Management with Async Drop
Fan-Out and Fan-In with Async Streams
Cancelation and Timeout Handling
Dynamic Task Management
Integrating Async Code with Sync Code
Conclusion
Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Key Terms
15. Web Assembly with Rust
Introduction
Structure
Advantages of WebAssembly
WebAssembly Limitations
Limited Browser Support
Indirect DOM Manipulation
Memory Management Challenges
Rust for WebAssembly Development
Installing Rust and WebAssembly Toolchain
Setting Up a New Rust Wasm Project
Building and Testing WebAssembly Modules
Writing Wasm Rust Functions
Testing the Web Assembly Module
Real-world Applications of WebAssembly
Use Case 1: Image Processing
Use Case 2: Cryptographic Operations
Use Case 3: Network Request Handling
Conclusion
Additional Resources
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Index
