Tribal and Chiefly Warfare in South America 9780915703357, 9781951519988

Table of contents :
Contents
Introduction to Volume V
Figures
Tables
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Introduction
Uncentralized tribes and centralized chiefdoms
Chapter 2: Tribal Warfare Patterns
Jívaro Warfare
Yanomamō Warfare
Chapter 3: Chiefly Warfare Patterns
Warfare in the Cauca Valley
Tairona Warfare
Warfare among the Panamanian Chiefdoms
Chapter 4: Tribal Versus Chiefly Warfare
Objectives
Organization
Pre-War Rituals
Offensive Tactics
Defensive Tactics
Post-War Rituals
Funerary Treatment of Warriors
Chapter 5: The Archaeology of Tribal Warfare
Investigating Warfare Archaeologically
Archaeology of Tribal Warfare
Chapter 6: The Archaeology of Chiefly Warfare
Preparations for War
Arrow Poisons
Pre-War Rituals
Organization of War Parties
Warfare Tactics
Defensive Tactics
Post-war Rituals
Ritual Cannibalism
Display of Human War Trophies
Mortuary Treatment
Chapter 7: Conclusion
The Authority of Tribal War Leaders and Warring Chiefs
The Ideological Motives of Warfare
The Alternating Roles of Warfare and Exchange
Warfare and the Development of Centralized Societies
Bibliography
Notes
Appendix: Author's Translations of Spanish Text

Citation preview

Studies in Latin American Ethnohistory &. Archaeology Joyce Marcus, General Editor

Volume I

A Fuego y Sangre: Early Zapotec Imperialism in the Cuicatlan Canada, Oaxaca, by Elsa M. Redmond. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 16 (1983). $15.

Volume II

Irrigation & the Cuicatec Ecosystem: A Study of Agriculture & Civilization in North Central Oaxaca, by Joseph W. Hopkins III. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 17 (1984). $15.

Volume III

Aztec City States, by Mary G. Hodge. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 18 (1984). $15.

Volume IV

Conflicts over Coca Fields in XVIth-Century Peru, by Maria Rostworowski de Diez Canseco. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 21 (1988). $19.50

Volume V

Tribal and Chiefly Warfare in South America, by Elsa M. Redmond. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 28 (1994).

MEMOIRS OF THE MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NUMBER 28

Studies in Latin American Ethnohistory &.. Archaeology Joyce Marcus, General Editor

Volume V

Tribal and Chiefly Warfare in South America by Elsa M. Redmond

ANN ARBOR 1994

Cover illustration. Sixteenth-century woodcut illustration of a Tupinaquin attack against the Tamoio settlement of Ubatuba, on the coast ofBrazil, that was witnessed by Hans Staden during his captivity there in 1555. Staden recounted how twenty-five canoes of warriors attacked Ubatuba with bows and arrows to the sound of horns. The male defenders took up armed positions behind the settlement's palisade while the women and children remained helplessly in the center, unable to flee. Human head trophies can be seen atop tall posts at one end of the village's palisade. Redrawn from Staden 1944:64.

This series is partially supported by a grant-in-aid No. 4453 from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, whose Director of Research, Lita Osmundsen, offered both encouragement and help during the preparation of the grant proposal. © 1994 by the Regents of the University of Michigan The Museum of Anthropology All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-915703-35-7 (paper) ISBN 978-1-951519-98-8 (ebook) The University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology currently publishes three monograph series: Anthropological Papers, Memoirs, and Technical Reports. We have over seventy titles in print. For a complete catalog, write to Museum of Anthropol­ogy Publications, 4009 Museums Bldg., Ann Arbor, Ml 48109-1079, or call (313) 764-0485. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Redmond, Elsa M. Tribal and chiefly warfare in South America/ by Elsa M. Redmond. p. cm. - (Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan ; no. 28) (Studies in Latin American ethnohistory & archaeology; v. 5) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-915703-35-l (alk. paper) 1. Indians of South America-Warfare. 2. Chiefdoms-South America. 3. South America-Antiquities. 4. Shuar Indians-Warfare. Yanomamo lndians--Warfare. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: Studies in Latin American ethnohistory & archaeology; v. 5. GN2.M52 no. 28 [F2230.l.W37] 306 s-