Three stories in Oneida 9781772822342

Table of contents :
Cover
CONTENTS
ONEDIA STORIES
Introduction
The Widower and His Little Girl
The Young Flirt
Why the Bear Has No Tail
INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION
Introduction
The Widower and His Little Girl
The Young Flirt
Why the Bear Has No Tail
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Orthographic and Abbreviatory Conventions
Introduction
The Widower and His Little Girl
The Young Flirt
Why the Bear Has No Tail
APPENDIX I: PARTICLE SEQUENCES
APPENDIX II: PHONOLOGICAL RULES
REFERENCES CITED

Citation preview

N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man N a t i o n a l Museums o f Canada

Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme Musées n a t i o n a u x du Canada

Board o f T r u s t e e s

Conseil d'Administration

Dr. Sean B. Murphy Juge René J. Marin M. Roger B. Hamel Mme G i n e t t e Gadoury Mr. M i c h e a l CD. Hobbs M. Paul H. Leman Mr. R i c h a r d M.H. Alway Mr. Robert C. MacLeod Mr. A l e x C o l v i l l e Ms Jane Thompson Edwards M. C h a r l e s A. L u s s i e r Dr. L a r k i n Kerwin

Secretary

Mr. I a n C. C l a r k

General

Director N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man

Chairman Vice-président Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre (Ex o f f i c i o ) Membre (Ex o f f i c i o )

Secrétaire général

Dr. W i l l i a m E. T a y l o r , J r . Directeur Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme

Chief Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e

Crown C o p y r i g h t Reserved

A. McFadyen C l a r k Chef S e r v i c e canadien

d'Ethnolog ie

D r o i t s réservés au nom de l a Couronne

MUSEE NATIONAL DE L'HOMME COLLECTION MERCURE

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MAN MERCURY SERIES ISSN

CANADIAN PAPER

ETHNOLOGY

0 3 1 6 - 1854

SERVICE

LE

No.73

SERVICE

DOSSIER

ISSN

CANADIEN

No.73

0316-1862

THREE STORIES IN ONEIDA EDITOR

: KARIN

STORYTELLER

MICHELSON

AND

TRANSLATOR : GEORGINA

NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA

NICHOLAS

MUSÉES NATIONAUX DU CANADA OTTAWA 1981

D'ETHNOLOGIE

OBJECT OF THE MERCURY SERIES The M e r c u r y S e r i e s i s a p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man, N a t i o n a l Museums o f C a n a d a , d e s i g n e d t o p e r m i t t h e r a p i d d i s s e m i n a t i o n of information p e r t a i n i n g t o those d i s c i p l i n e s f o r w h i c h t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man i s r e s p o n s i b l e . In t h e i n t e r e s t s o f making i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e q u i c k l y , As a normal p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s have been a b b r e v i a t e d . r e s u l t , e d i t o r i a l e r r o r s may o c c u r . S h o u l d t h a t be t h e c a s e , y o u r i n d u l g e n c e i s r e q u e s t e d , b e a r i n g i n mind t h e o b j e c t o f the S e r i e s . The o p i n i o n s e x p r e s s e d b y t h e a u t h o r s do n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t t h o s e o f t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man o r t h e F e d e r a l Government o f Canada.

BUT DE LA COLLECTION MERCURE L a c o l l e c t i o n M e r c u r e , publiée p a r l e Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme, Musées n a t i o n a u x d u C a n a d a , a p o u r b u t de d i f f u s e r r a p i d e m e n t l e résultat de t r a v a u x q u i o n t r a p p o r t a u x d i s c i p l i n e s p o u r l e s q u e l l e s l e Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme e s t responsable. Pour a s s u r e r l a prompte d i s t r i b u t i o n des e x e m p l a i r e s imprimés, o n a abrégé l e s étapes de l'édition. En conséquence, c e r t a i n s e r r e u r s de rédaction p e u v e n t s u b s i s t e r d a n s l e s e x e m p l a i r e s imprimés. S i c e l a s e présentait d a n s l e s p a g e s q u i s u i v e n t , l e s éditeurs réclament v o t r e i n d u l g e n c e étant donné l e s o b j e c t i f s de l a c o l l e c t i o n . L e s o p i n i o n s exprimées p a r l e s a u t e u r s ne reflètent p a s nécessairement c e l l e s d u Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme ou d u g o u v e r n e m e n t fédéral d u C a n a d a .

ii

ABSTRACT Three s t o r i e s i n O n e i d a , a N o r t h e r n I r o q u o i a n language, and an i n t r o d u c t i o n , a l s o i n O n e i d a , a r e g i v e n w i t h an i n t e r l i n e a r The s t o r i e s t r a n s l a t i o n a n d a morpheme-by-morpheme a n a l y s i s . were t o l d t o M r s . G e o r g i n a N i c h o l a s when s h e was a c h i l d a t t h e Oneida Reserve near London, O n t a r i o . The two A p p e n d i c e s l i s t t r a n s l a t i o n s and/or f u n c t i o n s o f s t r i n g s o f s y n t a c t i c p a r t i c l e s and some p h o n o l o g i c a l r u l e s o f O n e i d a .

RESUME C e t t e étude comprend t r o i s h i s t o i r e s en O n e i d a , une l a n g u e i r o q u o i s e du n o r d , e t une i n t r o d u c t i o n a u s s i en O n e i d a , a v e c une t r a d u c t i o n interlinéaire e t une a n a l y s e morphème à morphème. L e s h i s t o i r e s étaient racontées a Mme. G e o r g i n a N i c h o l a s p e n d a n t son e n f a n c e à l a réserve O n e i d a près de L o n d o n , O n t a r i o . L e s deux a p p e n d i c e s donnent l e s t r a d u c t i o n s e t / o u l e s f o n c t i o n s des séquences de p a r t i c u l e s s y n t a c t i q u e e t q u e l q u e s régies p h o n o l o g i q u e d'Oneida. L e s p e r s o n n e s désireuses de r e c e v o i r en français de p l u s a m p l e s r e n s e i g n e m e n t s s u r c e t t e p u b l i c a t i o n s o n t priées d ' a d r e s s e r l e u r s demandes à: Service canadien d'Ethnologie Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme Musées n a t i o n a u x du Canada O t t a w a , O n t a r i o K1A 0M8 The

c o v e r i l l u s t r a t i o n was done b y R.M.

iii

Deer.

CONTENTS

ONEDIA

STORIES

Introduction

1

The Widower a n d H i s L i t t l e

Girl

3

The Young F l i r t

7

Why t h e B e a r Has No T a i l

9

INTERLINEAR

TRANSLATION

Introduction

11

The W i d o w e r and H i s L i t t l e

Girl

15

The Young F l i r t

24

Why t h e B e a r Has No T a i l

28

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS O r t h o g r a p h i c and A b b r e v i a t o r y C o n v e n t i o n s

34

Introduction

36

The Widower a n d H i s L i t t l e

Girl

40

The Young F l i r t

49

Why t h e B e a r Has No T a i l

53

APPENDIX

I:

59

APPENDIX

II:

PARTICLE SEQUENCES PHONOLOGICAL RULES

REFERENCES CITED

60 62

iv

PREFACE Among t h e O n e i d a s , s t o r y - t e l l i n g h a s a l w a y s b e e n an i m p o r t a n t s o c i a l e v e n t . S t o r i e s were o f t e n t o l d o v e r a p e r i o d of t h r e e o r f o u r e v e n i n g s and c e r t a i n i n d i v i d u a l s w e r e known f o r t h e i r s k i l l i n k e e p i n g t h e i r a u d i e n c e s p e l l b o u n d u n t i l t h e v e r y end. In t h i s v o l u m e we p r e s e n t t h r e e s t o r i e s i n O n e i d a t o l d t o me by Mrs. G e o r g i n a N i c h o l a s o f the Oneida-of-the-Thames Reserve near London, O n t a r i o . I n an i n t r o d u c t i o n M r s . N i c h o l a s d e s c r i b e s t h e customs o f Oneida s t o r y - t e l l i n g , a t what t i m e o f y e a r s t o r i e s were t o l d and why, who t o l d t h e s t o r i e s , and t h e a t m o s p h e r e w h i c h s u r r o u n d e d t h e e v e n t . The t h r e e s t o r i e s a r e : 1) The Widower and H i s L i t t l e G i r l , 2) The Young F l i r t , and 3) Why t h e B e a r Has No Tail. First, for children The t e x t s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h r e e v e r s i o n s . and t h e i r p a r e n t s who u n d e r s t a n d e v e n a l i t t l e O n e i d a , t h e i n t r o ­ d u c t i o n and s t o r i e s a r e g i v e n i n O n e i d a . I n the second v e r s i o n , f o r s t u d e n t s o f O n e i d a and t h o s e who a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n O n e i d a c u l t u r e and o r a l l i t e r a t u r e , b u t who h a v e l i t t l e o r no e x p e r i e n c e i n l i n g u i s t i c a n a l y s i s , t h e O n e i d a t e x t i s g i v e n w i t h an i n t e r ­ l i n e a r , word-by-word t r a n s l a t i o n and, a t the bottom o f each page, a free translation. The t h i r d v e r s i o n i s a m o r p h o l o g i c a l a n a l y ­ s i s w h i c h i s i n t e n d e d f o r u s e by O n e i d a t e a c h e r s as a w o r k b o o k i n t h i s k i n d o f a n a l y s i s as w e l l a s f o r l i n g u i s t s who a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n Iroquoian languages. The i n t r o d u c t i o n and f i r s t s t o r y w e r e r e c o r d e d i n A p r i l , 1980, and t h e s e c o n d and t h i r d s t o r i e s w e r e r e c o r d e d i n J u l y , 198 0. A f t e r M r s . N i c h o l a s r e c o r d e d t h e t e x t s she r e d i c t a t e d them t o me s e n t e n c e - b y - s e n t e n c e so t h a t t h e y c o u l d be t r a n s c r i b e d . Note t h a t O n e i d a makes a d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n u t t e r a n c e - f i n a l and u t t e r a n c e - m e d i a l p o s i t i o n ; t h a t i s , a word may h a v e a d i f f e r e n t p r o n u n c i a t i o n when s a i d i n i s o l a t i o n o r a t t h e end o f a s e n t e n c e t h a n i n t h e m i d d l e o f a s e n t e n c e . The m o s t common f e a t u r e o f u t t e r a n c e - f i n a l forms i s t h e u n v o i c i n g of a w o r d - f i n a l vowel o r a v o w e l f o l l o w e d o n l y by a g l o t t a l s t o p . The u n v o i c e d v o w e l i s underlined i n the t r a n s c r i p t i o n . The t e x t s w e r e t r a n s l a t e d t w i c e ; f i r s t , M r s . N i c h o l a s w o u l d l i s t e n t o t h e t e x t s on one t a p e r e c o r d e r s t o p p i n g t h e t a p e a f t e r e a c h s e n t e n c e , and t h e n t r a n s l a t e t h e s e n t e n c e i n t o a n o t h e r t a p e recorder. T h i s s e n t e n c e - b y - s e n t e n c e t r a n s l a t i o n i s t h e one f o u n d a t t h e b o t t o m o f t h e page i n t h e s e c o n d v e r s i o n . Then, f o r the i n t e r l i n e a r t r a n s l a t i o n i n v e r s i o n two, Mrs. N i c h o l a s t r a n s l a t e d e a c h word i n t o E n g l i s h as e x a c t l y as p o s s i b l e . S o m e t i m e s , how­ e v e r , i t was i m p o s s i b l e t o f i n d an E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h e w o r d s r e f e r r e d t o by I r o q u o i a n l i n g u i s t s as " p a r t i c l e s " . These p a r t i c l e s a l s o o c c u r i n sequences i n w h i c h c a s e t h e e n t i r e s e q u e n c e c a n o f t e n be a s s i g n e d an a p p r o x i m a t e E n g l i s h t r a s l a t i o n . The s e q u e n c e s o f p a r t i c l e s w h i c h o c c u r f r e q u e n t l y i n t h e t e x t s are g i v e n , w i t h a t r a n s l a t i o n , i n A p p e n d i x I . A f t e r t h e t e x t s w e r e t r a n s c r i b e d and t r a n s l a t e d I a n a l y z e d them morpheme-by-morpheme. F o r e a c h w o r d I c o l l e c t e d a d d i t i o n a l f o r m s w h i c h show t h e shape and m e a n i n g o f e v e r y morpheme c o n t a i n e d i n the w o r d . The r e s u l t s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n v e r s i o n t h r e e . v

I would l i k e t o thank John N i c h o l s o f t h e Department o f A n t h r o p o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Western O n t a r i o , Mike F o s t e r o f the N a t i o n a l Museum of Man, E l d a Antone, Research A s s o c i a t e a t t h e Department o f A n t h r o p o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Western O n t a r i o , Mercy D o x t a t o r o f t h e S t a n d i n g Stone S c h o o l a t Oneida and Reg Henry o f t h e Woodland I n d i a n C u l t u r a l - E d u c a t i o n a l C e n t r e i n B r a n t f o r d , O n t a r i o f o r t h e i r e d i t o r i a l a d v i c e and encouragement. I would e s p e c i a l l y l i k e t o thank Mrs. N i c h o l a s f o r h e r p a t i e n c e d u r i n g o u r p r o j e c t and f o r h e r d e d i c a t i o n t o t h e Oneida language which made our work t o g e t h e r such a p l e a s u r e . I am g r a t e f u l t o t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man f o r an E t h n o g r a p h i c F i e l d Research C o n t r a c t which enabled Mrs. N i c h o l a s and me t o work t o g e t h e r on a p r o j e c t we are p l e a s e d t o share w i t h o t h e r s . F i n a l l y , I thank t h e p e o p l e o f Oneida f o r t h e s u p p o r t and enthusiasm they have shown me. For those Oneida speakers and s t u d e n t s o f Oneida who a r e n o t f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e orthography used i n t h i s volume, an e x p l a n a t i o n of i t i s g i v e n i n Antone e t a l . , T e k a l i h w a t e : t h a ' , 1 9 8 1 : v - v i i and i n M i c h e l s o n and D o x t a t o r , Oneida Language D r i l l s , 1981:1. Both are a v a i l a b l e from t h e C e n t r e f o r t h e Research and Teaching o f Canadian N a t i v e Languages a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Western O n t a r i o . The c o v e r i l l u s t r a t i o n i s an o r i g i n a l drawing by R. M. Deer done e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h i s volume.

Karin Michelson Centre f o r t h e Research and Teaching of Canadian N a t i v e Languages Department o f A n t h r o p o l o g y U n i v e r s i t y o f Western O n t a r i o London, O n t a r i o N6A 5C2

vi

ONEIDA STORIES INTRODUCTION

1

2

3

THE WIDOWER AND HIS L I T T L E GIRL

4

5

6

7 THE YOUNG F L I R T

8

9

WHY THE BEAR HAS NO T A I L

10

INTERLINEAR

TRANSLATION

INTRODUCTION

Sekoli Karin. T h i s i s w h a t y o u w a n t me t o d o . You w a n t me t o t e l l you a s t o r y . Oneidas don't t e l l s t o r i e s i n s p r i n g t i m e . As soon a s t h e snow g o e s away t h e y s t o p . They w o n ' t , t h e y j u s t won't t e l l any more s t o r i e s , no m a t t e r how much a n y o n e b e g s them t o . They s a y a s n a k e w i l l c r a w l i n b e d w i t h them i f t h e y do s o . I t i s y o u r f a u l t i f i t c r a w l s i n b e d w i t h me. Maybe, I s h o u l d go and s t a y o v e r n i g h t w i t h y o u , so i t w i l l c r a w l i n w i t h y o u t o o . A g r e e d ? When I was a l i t t l e g i r l I remember 11

12

I u s e d t o be so g l a d when w i n t e r came. I w o u l d h e a r t h e e l d e r s t e l l stories again. Men d i d m o s t o f t h e s t o r y - t e l l i n g . A neigh­ b o u r o f my g r a n d m o t h e r u s e d t o be good a t t e l l i n g s t o r i e s . He h a d l o t s of s t o r i e s . T h e r e ' s a l o t t h a t I d o n ' t remember t h a t he t o l d . We o f t e n w e n t t o v i s i t my g r a n d m o t h e r and s o m e t i m e s we e v e n s t a y e d overnight. As s o o n as s h e saw us c o m i n g s h e w o u l d s t a r t p e e l i n g p o t a t o e s , p e e l i n g c a r r o t s , making k u n j u n , f r y i n g s a l t p o r k . We c h i l d r e n u s e d t o s e t t h e t a b l e and when we g o t t h r o u g h she w o u l d s e n d me down t o t h e b a s e m e n t t o b r i n g up a j a r o f f r u i t t h a t she

13

had p r e s e r v e d . The f o o d t a s t e d so g o o d . When we g o t t h r o u g h e a t i n g , we w o u l d h u r r y up and p u t t h e s t u f f away. We w o u l d g a t h e r up t h e d i s h e s , one w o u l d wash d i s h e s , t h e o t h e r w o u l d w i p e d i s h e s , t h e o t h e r w o u l d p u t d i s h e s away i n a c u p b o a r d . Our g r a n d f a t h e r seems t o know a s s o o n a s we f i n i s h e d , he w o u l d k n o c k on t h e d o o r and t h e y , he and h i s w i f e , w o u l d come i n . Then we w o u l d p u t t h e c h a i r s a l l around t h e f i r e . S o m e t i m e s i t w o u l d be k i n d o f c o l d and s h e w o u l d g i v e u s e a c h a q u i l t t o w r a p a r o u n d i n .

14

We w o u l d s i t t h e r e and w a i t , s i t q u i e t l y and w a i t f o r h i m t o begin. A l l o f a s u d d e n he w o u l d s a y , " i h e h " . I d o n ' t know w h a t t h a t means b u t t h a t ' s w h a t he w o u l d s t a r t w i t h . T h a t ' s when we knew he was g o i n g t o b e g i n t e l l i n g s t o r i e s .

15 THE WIDOWER AND

HIS L I T T L E GIRL

Once upon a t i m e t h e r e was a w i d o w e r who l i v e d i n a h o u s e i n t h e woods and he had a l i t t l e g i r l . She was a n i c e g i r l . She d i d t h e t i d y i n g up and had h i s m e a l s r e a d y when he came home from work. He b e g a n t h i n k i n g t h a t maybe i t w o u l d be b e t t e r i f he g o t m a r r i e d a g a i n so h i s l i t t l e g i r l w o u l d h a v e more t i m e t o play. N o t f a r away l i v e d a l a d y , a w i d o w , and she had two g i r l s . He t h o u g h t he w o u l d go t h e r e and s e e h e r . I n t h e e v e n i n g , when t h e y had f i n i s h e d e a t i n g

16

he s a i d , " I ' l l be b a c k i n a l i t t l e w h i l e . I want t o go t h e r e and v i s i t h e r . " He l e f t . T h a t ' s w h e r e he w e n t . They a g r e e d t h a t t h e y would j o i n f a m i l i e s . Tomorrow t h e y w o u l d g e t m a r r i e d . Then he came b a c k and he t o l d h e r ( h i s d a u g h t e r ) t h a t he was g e t t i n g married again. She d i d n ' t s a y a n y t h i n g b e c a u s e s h e f e l t he was lonesome because h e r mother had d i e d . I n t h e m o r n i n g he l e f t t o be m a r r i e d . A f t e r i t was o v e r he came b a c k a f t e r h i s l i t t l e girl. They h a d a g r e e d t h a t t h e y w o u l d

17

move i n t o h e r p l a c e b e c a u s e i t was b i g g e r . She ( h i s d a u g h t e r ) had j u s t f i n i s h e d p a c k i n g when he came b a c k a f t e r h e r . Then t h e y l e f t and w e n t t h e r e t o l i v e . She was s o n i c e when t h e y a r r i v e d . She showed h e r w h e r e h e r s l e e p i n g q u a r t e r s w o u l d b e . They (man a n d w i f e ) g o t up e a r l y i n t h e m o r n i n g . She made h i m b r e a k f a s t a n d she made h i s l u n c h . And he l e f t t o go t o w o r k . A s s o o n a s he was o u t o f s i g h t s h e w e n t up t o wake h i s d a u g h t e r . "Come o n , g e t u p ! You h a v e a l o t o f w a s h i n g t o d o ,

18

there's a b i g p i l e of washing." She jumped up and s t a r t e d c a r r y i n g water. She s t i r r e d up t h e f i r e and p u t t h e p a i l s on f o r t h e w a t e r t o h e a t . W h i l e s h e was w a i t i n g f o r t h e w a t e r t o h e a t s h e g a t h e r e d up t h e d i r t y c l o t h e s a n d c h a n g e d t h e s h e e t s . When s h e f i n i s h e d s h e got h e r s e l f a l i t t l e b i t of b r e a k f a s t . B u t she c o u l d n ' t e a t v e r y much b e c a u s e , s h e , t h e woman, k e p t y e l l i n g a t h e r t o h u r r y u p . So t h e n she washed t h e d i s h e s t h e y had u s e d . She p u t on t h e t u b a n d p u t t h e t h i n g s i n . She t o o k down t h e w a s h b o a r d a n d s t a r t e d s c r u b b i n g the c l o t h e s . When s h e f i n i s h e d

19

she r i n s e d them o f f . When s h e f i n i s h e d a l l o f t h a t she hung o u t the c l o t h e s . She h a d a l o n g l i n e o f c l e a n , w h i t e c l o t h e s . I t was j u s t a b o u t noon when s h e f i n i s h e d . Then h e r ( t h e widow's) g i r l s g o t u p . And t h e y b e g a n y e l l i n g , t h e y w a n t e d h e r t o f i x them some­ t h i n g t o e a t . So s h e f i x e d them a l l s o m e t h i n g t o e a t . As s o o n a s t h e y g o t t h r o u g h e a t i n g t h e y jumped up, t h e y r a n o u t t o p l a y . So she had t o do t h e c l e a n i n g up a g a i n , s h e washed d i s h e s a g a i n . She was j u s t f i n i s h e d when

20

she ( t h e widow) a p p e a r e d a g a i n and s a i d , "You c a n ' t go o u t t o p l a y u n t i l y o u g e t t h r o u g h s c r u b b i n g t h e f l o o r . " So s h e s t a r t e d t o s c r u b the f l o o r . When s h e f i n i s h e d w a s h i n g t h e f l o o r s h e w e n t o u t a n d g o t t h e c l o t h e s o f f t h e l i n e and f o l d e d them u p . And a s s h e f i n i s h e d a l l t h a t i t was a l r e a d y t i m e f o r h e r t o s t a r t t o c o o k a g a i n s i n c e h e r f a t h e r was c o m i n g home. So s h e s t a r t e d t o c o o k . She was j u s t a b o u t t h r o u g h when t h e o l d l a d y a p p e a r e d , "You c a n go o u t and p l a y f o r a w h i l e . " S h e , t h e o l d l a d y , was t h e one b u s y i n t h e k i t c h e n when he came home. T h i s i s t h e way t h i n g s w e r e ,

21

t h e y were making a s l a v e o u t o f h e r . T h i s went on f o r a few weeks. One e v e n i n g w h i l e t h e y w e r e e a t i n g s u p p e r he was p r a i s i n g them, how i n d u s t r i o u s t h e y w e r e . I t was a l w a y s s o n i c e and t i d y w h e r e t h e y w e r e l i v i n g , and t h e f o o d was a l w a y s o n t h e t a b l e when he g o t home. T h i s l a d y t h a t g i v e s l u c k , she was w a t c h i n g t h i s f a m i l y and how t h e y w e r e l i v i n g . She c o u l d n ' t h e l p h e r s e l f s o she a p p e a r e d . She h a d o n a w h i t e d r e s s d e c o r a t e d w i t h s e q u i n s . Then s h e t o l d him how much o f a s l a v e t h e y w e r e m a k i n g o u t o f h i s d a u g h t e r .

22

She ( h i s d a u g h t e r ) s a t t h e r e and l i s t e n e d b u t she n e v e r s a i d a w o r d . Then t h e l a d y t h a t g i v e s l u c k s a i d , "Your d a u g h t e r i s so w e l l - m a n n e r e d , she d o e s n ' t e v e n j e r k t h i n g s a r o u n d , she d o e s e v e r y t h i n g she i s t o l d . " He r e a l l y f e l t u n h a p p y a t w h a t he h e a r d . He j u s t made t h i n g s t o u g h e r f o r h e r by g e t t i n g m a r r i e d a g a i n . And t h e l u c k - g i v e r s a i d , " T h i s i s w h a t I w i l l do f o r h e r , I am going t o g i v e her l u c k , your l i t t l e g i r l . B e c a u s e she i s s u c h a n i c e g i r l , she w o r k s h a r d and i s w e l l - m a n n e r e d . E v e r y s t e p she t a k e s t h e r e w i l l be a s i l v e r c o i n . "

23

The l a d y ' s d a u g h t e r s a s k e d , "What l u c k a r e y o u g o i n g t o g i v e u s ? " The l u c k - g i v e r s a i d , " I t ' s n o t up t o me t h e k i n d o f l u c k I g i v e y o u , i t ' s j u s t how y o u e a r n e d y o u r l u c k , t h a t ' s t h e l u c k y o u ' l l get." She s a i d , " E v e r y t i m e one w i l l s p e a k a s n a k e w i l l come o u t o f h e r m o u t h . And t h e o t h e r , a f r o g w i l l come o u t . " And t h e n he g r a b b e d h i s l i t t l e g i r l ' s arm. They went o u t and w e n t back t o t h e i r c a b i n . And t h e y became v e r y w e a l t h y , he and h i s daughter.

24 THE YOUNG F L I R T

Once upon a t i m e a g r o u p o f young b o y s was s t a n d i n g a r o u n d a store, talking. They were t a l k i n g a b o u t who h a d t h e b e s t g i r l ­ friend. T h e r e was one b o y who c o n s i d e r e d h i m s e l f n i c e - l o o k i n g . And he s t a r t e d , Oh, he h a d s o many g i r l f r i e n d s ! Sometimes he h a d two, t h r e e g i r l f r i e n d s d u r i n g t h e n i g h t because a l l t h e young g i r l s r e a l l y l i k e d h i m . W h i l e t h e y were t a l k i n g , t h e y saw a y o u n g g i r l c o m i n g down t h e r o a d .

25

She was r e a l l y d r e s s e d up. Her s h o e s w e r e r e a l l y s h i n y . She had a n i c e , p r i n t e d s k i r t on. And she had a b r i g h t r e d b l o u s e on. She had on a b i g b r i m h a t . They c o u l d n ' t see h e r f a c e t o see w h a t she l o o k e d l i k e . She had l o n g h a i r and i t was a b i t curly. And now t h e y o u n g f e l l o w s a i d , " I f o u n d a n o t h e r g i r l ­ friend. J u s t watch!" He f i x e d h i s c l o t h e s and combed h i s h a i r . When she came n e a r he s p o k e t o h e r . She d i d n ' t e v e n

26

l o o k a t h i m , s h e j u s t k e p t r i g h t on g o i n g r i g h t p a s t h i m . Then he f o l l o w e d h e r . He k e p t t a l k i n g w i t h h e r and f l i r t i n g w i t h h e r . She w o u l d n ' t s a y a n y t h i n g , s h e w o u l d n ' t l o o k , she j u s t k e p t r i g h t on g o i n g . Then he b e g a n t o wonder so he g r a b b e d h e r t o l o o k a t her. He was s t a r t l e d when he saw what s h e l o o k e d l i k e . Her f a c e was o n l y b o n e s . She was o n l y a s k e l e t o n . He g o t so s c a r e d t h a t he j u s t s t o p p e d r i g h t t h e r e , he c o u l d n ' t go on any f u r t h e r .

27

He j u s t s t o o d t h e r e . The y o u n g b o y s who w e r e s t a n d i n g a r o u n d o u t s i d e t h e s t o r e b e g a n t o l a u g h a t him. They w e r e l a u g h i n g a t him b e c a u s e t h e y t h o u g h t t h e y f o u n d someone who d i d n ' t w a n t , who c o u l d n ' t be b o t h e r e d w i t h him. They w e r e j u s t s t a n d i n g t h e r e laughing. F i n a l l y , he was a b l e t o move, so he t u r n e d a r o u n d b a c k t o where t h e y o u n g b o y s w e r e s t a n d i n g . He c o u l d n ' t t e l l them what h a p p e n e d t o h i m b e c a u s e he was so s c a r e d t h a t he s t i l l couldn't t a l k . And so t h i s young f e l l o w s t o p p e d b e i n g so c o c k y .

28 WHY

THE BEAR HAS NO

TAIL

Once upon a t i m e , t h e b e a r had a l o n g t a i l , j u s t l i k e t h e f o x ' s t a i l now. The way i t h a p p e n e d was t h a t i t was w i n t e r t i m e b u t i t was a r e a l n i c e d a y , t h e s u n was s h i n i n g . They had t h e u r g e t o go f o r a w a l k , t h e b e a r a n d t h e f o x . O n l y t h e f o x was on t h e o t h e r side of the r i v e r . I t was w a l k i n g a r o u n d , l o o k i n g a r o u n d . They A l l o f a s u d d e n , he ( t h e f o x ) were wandering a l o n g t h i s r i v e r . n o t i c e d a b l a c k s p o t f a r away on t h e i c e . He d e c i d e d h e ' d go and see w h a t i t was.

29

He w e n t t o see w h a t was h a p p e n i n g . The c l o s e r he g o t t h e more he c o u l d s e e . F i n a l l y , he c o u l d s e e i t was a young f e l l o w and he had a c h a i r t h a t was s i t t i n g on t h e i c e . He c o u l d see t h a t t h e boy was f i s h i n g . T h e r e was a s t i c k s t a n d i n g t h e r e and e v e r y t i m e he c a u g h t a f i s h he w o u l d hang t h e f i s h on t h e s t i c k . It was a m a z i n g how many he had s t r u n g o u t (on t h e s t i c k ) . And he smacked h i s l i p s t h i n k i n g how good t h e f i s h w o u l d b e , t h e y w e r e such n i c e f i s h . He w e n t s n e a k i n g a l o n g v e r y s l o w l y s o t h a t t h e

30

b o y w o u l d n ' t n o t i c e h i m . When he g o t c l o s e enough t o r e a c h t h e s t i c k he p u l l e d up t h e s t i c k v e r y q u i c k l y and q u i c k l y he w a l k e d away a c r o s s t h e i c e . He w a l k e d v e r y f a s t , he d i d n ' t w a n t t h e y o u n g f e l l o w t o n o t i c e t h a t he h a d s t o l e n h i s f i s h . Then he met the bear. He ( t h e f o x ) h a d t h e s t i c k i n h i s mouth w i t h t h e f i s h h a n g i n g f r o m i t . The b e a r s a i d , "Where d i d y o u g e t a l l t h o s e fish?" He ( t h e f o x ) s a i d , "Oh, I c u t a h o l e i n t h e i c e and I s t u c k my t a i l i n t h e r e a n d

31

a f i s h w o u l d b i t e on i t , t h e n I p u l l e d my t a i l o u t a g a i n . Then I p u t my t a i l b a c k i n . " He s a i d , " I h a v e t o go o n , I'm i n a hurry." So he w e n t v e r y f a s t . T h e n , t h e b e a r w a n t e d some f i s h . The b e a r s t r u g g l e d t o c u t a h o l e i n t h e i c e u n t i l f i n a l l y he made a h o l e b i g enough t o p u t h i s t a i l i n . Then he p u t h i s t a i l i n t h e r e and he s a t t h e r e . He was s i t t i n g t h e r e f o r a w h i l e and he decided to check. He p u l l e d h i s t a i l o u t o f t h e w a t e r and t h e r e

32

w e r e no f i s h , b u t t h e n he remembered t h e f o x t e l l i n g h i m n o t t o g i v e u p . He s a i d i t s o m e t i m e s t a k e s a l o n g t i m e f o r them t o b i t e . Then he p u t h i s t a i l b a c k i n a g a i n . The h o t s u n made t h e b e a r very sleepy. He f e l l a s l e e p . When he woke up a g a i n t h e s u n w a s n ' t s h i n i n g a n y m o r e , i t was d a r k . Then he remembered h i s t a i l was s t u c k i n s o m e t h i n g and he t h o u g h t t h e r e m u s t be a l o t o f f i s h on i t , b i t i n g i t . Then he s t o o d up b u t he c o u l d n ' t p u l l h i s t a i l out. Then he t h o u g h t he w o u l d h a v e t o u s e a l l o f h i s s t r e n g t h

33

to p u l l h i s t a i l out. He f i x e d h i s f o o t i n g , t h e n he j e r k e d . I t r e a l l y h u r t h i m . When he l o o k e d he d i d n ' t h a v e a t a i l . When he l o o k e d he n o t i c e d i t h a d f r o z e n o v e r w h i l e he was w a i t i n g t o c a t c h some f i s h . H i s t a i l was s t u c k i n t h e i c e . T h a t ' s t h e r e a s o n , i t i s s a i d , t h a t he h a s no t a i l , t h e b e a r .

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ORTHOGRAPHIC AND ABBREVIATORY CONVENTIONS The t e x t s a r e w r i t t e n i n a p h o n e m i c o r t h o g r a p h y u s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g symbols: a e i 0 A u

Vowels l o w , c e n t r a l , unrounded m i d , f r o n t , unrounded h i g h , f r o n t , unrounded mid, back, weakly rounded mid, c e n t r a l , unrounded, n a s a l h i g h , back, rounded, n a s a l

n 1 w y

Résonants alveolar nasal alveolar lateral velar glide palatal glide

k t s

Obstruents v e l a r stop a l v e o l a r stop alveolar fricative

h

Laryngeals g l o t t a l stop laryngeal glide

:

Suprasegmentals accent (higher pitch) vowel l e n g t h

?

Note t h a t t h e o b s t r u e n t s a r e v o i c e d i n t e r v o c a l i c a l l y and wordi n i t i a l l y before vowels; elsewhere they are v o i c e l e s s . The s e q u e n c e s t s y and t s i a r e p r o n o u n c e d [ d 3 ] , t h s y and t h s i a r e pronounced [tζ]. U n d e r l i n e d v o w e l s i n d i c a t e v o i c e l e s s v o w e l s which o c c u r i n u t t e r a n c e - f i n a l p o s i t i o n (see Lounsbury, 1953: 33-34). C a p i t a l i z e d l e t t e r s r e p r e s e n t e p e n t h e t i c v o w e l s . The s o n o r a n t c o n s o n a n t s (n 1) and g l i d e s (w y) a r e g r o u p e d t o g e t h e r by I r o q u o i a n i s t s a s " r e s o n a n t " c o n s o n a n t s b e c a u s e t h e y t r i g g e r c e r t a i n phonological processes. The a b b r e v i a t i o n s u s e d i n i d e n t i f y i n g morphemes i n t h e s e c o n d l i n e o f t h e m o r p h o l o g i c a l a n a l y s i s a r e g i v e n below. In recent y e a r s W a l l a c e C h a f e and o t h e r I r o q u o i a n l i n g u i s t s h a v e d i s c u s s e d a l t e r n a t i v e t e r m i n o l o g i e s t o t h e one u s e d by L o u n s b u r y ( 1 9 5 3 ) , ( s e e , f o r e x a m p l e , M i t h u n a n d Woodbury, 1980) . However, I h a v e d e c i d e d t o use L o u n s b u r y ' s terms s i n c e h i s work i s t h e s t a n d a r d r e f e r e n c e f o r Oneida and, i n a d d i t i o n , these a r e t h e terms w i t h w h i c h Oneida t e a c h e r s a r e most f a m i l i a r . 34

35 AMB AOR CAUS CIS COIN CONT CONTR DAT DIM DIST DU FUT IMP INCH INDEF INST ITER JOIN NEG

ambulative a o r i s t mode causative cislocative coincident continuative contrastive dative diminutive distributive dualic f u t u r e mode i m p e r a t i v e mode inchoative i n d e f i n i t e mode instrumental iterative stem-joiner negative, negative particle

NOM NSF NUM P PART PERF PL PLUR POSS PROG PUNC PURP REF REM SRF SER TRANS UN 0

nominalizer noun s u f f i x numeral syntactic particle partitive p e r f e c t i v e aspect perfective plural pluralizer p o s s e s s i v e pronoun progressive punctual aspect purposive reflexive remote p a s t semi-reflexive s e r i a l aspect translocative i n f e c t i v e (undoer) empty morph

P r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x e s d i s t i n g u i s h c a t e g o r i e s o f p e r s o n , number, gender. The f o l l o w i n g a b b r e v i a t i o n s a r e u s e d : 1 f i r s t person 2 second person unspecified t h i r d person M masculine F feminine-indefinite Z feminine-zoic N neuter inclusive IN EX exclusive unspecified singular d dual plural p dp non-singular The f e m i n i n e - i n d e f i n i t e g e n d e r i n c l u d e s r e f e r e n c e t o p e r s o n s i n g e n e r a l ( ' p e o p l e ' ) a n d i n d e f i n i t e r e f e r e n c e t o any p e r s o n ('some­ one') as w e l l a s r e f e r e n c e t o a r e s p e c t e d f e m a l e p e r s o n . The f e m i n i n e - z o i c i n c l u d e s r e f e r e n c e t o a f e m a l e p e r s o n and any animal. A p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x may be s u b j e c t i v e ( a b b r e v i a t e d S) o r o b j e c t i v e ( a b b r e v i a t e d 0) o r t r a n s i t i v e . I n a t r a n s i t i v e pro­ nominal p r e f i x t h e s u b j e c t o r agent i s separated from t h e o b j e c t or p a t i e n t by a s l a s h . I n t h e t h i r d v e r s i o n o f t h e t e x t s t h e morphemes a r e g i v e n i n t h e i r u n d e r l y i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i o n ( i n a more a b s t r a c t t h e o r e t i c a l f r a m e w o r k t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n w o u l d p r o b a b l y be c o n s i d e r e d i n t e r ­ m e d i a t e between u n d e r l y i n g and s u r f a c e ) so as t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e most common m o r p h o p h o n e m i c p r o c e s s o f O n e i d a . These p r o c e s s e s are d e s c r i b e d i n Appendix I I . A l s o i n Appendix I I a r e the r u l e s which p r e d i c t s t r e s s and vowel l e n g t h . and

36

INTRODUCTION

37

38

39

40

THE WIDOWER AND HIS L I T T L E GIRL

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49 THE YOUNG F L I R T

50

51

52

53 WHY THE BEAR HAS NO T A I L

54

55

56

57

58

APPENDIX I PARTICLE

SEQUENCES

The s t r i n g s o f p a r t i c l e s l i s t e d b e l o w o c c u r f r e q u e n t l y i n t h e texts. I t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t , i n t h e t e x t s , t h e same p a r t i c l e may o c c u r i n b o t h s t r e s s e d and u n s t r e s s e d v a r i a n t s d e p e n d i n g on where t h e p a r t i c l e o c c u r s i n t h e i n t o n a t i o n a l , o r r h y t h m i c a l , p a t t e r n o f t h e s e n t e n c e (the word " s e n t e n c e " i s used l o o s e l y here). I t was f e l t t h a t t h e s t r e s s s h o u l d be m a r k e d a s i t o c c u r s i n t h e tape r e c o r d i n g , t h e r e b y i n d i c a t i n g t h e rhythm p r e s e n t i n O n e i d a s p e e c h , w i t h t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h a t someone e l s e r e a d i n g t h e s e t e x t s o r t e l l i n g t h e same s t o r i e s may s t r e s s the p a r t i c l e s d i f f e r e n t l y . "well that's

why'

'just i n a l i t t l e

while'

' j u s t as soon a s ' 1

r i g h t away'

'that's i t ' ' t h a t ' s when' ' t h a t ' s when' 'because' 'O.K., a l r i g h t ' 'then

again'

•also ( i t ) ' ' t h a t ' s when t h i s o n e ' ' t h a t ' s when t h a t o n e ' i n d i c a t e s change o f s u b j e c t i n d i c a t e s change o f 'this very 'the

i n s t a n t , no m a t t e r w h a t '

o t h e r one'

' a n o t h e r one 'even t h o u g h ' 59

subject

still'

APPENDIX I I PHONOLOGICAL RULES I n t h e f o l l o w i n g r u l e s "C" r e f e r s t o o b s t r u e n t s ( t k s) and r e s o n a n t c o n s o n a n t s (n l w y ) , "R" r e f e r s t o r e s o n a n t c o n s o n a n t s , and "V" r e f e r s t o v o w e l s . 1.

h i s l o s t w o r d - i n i t i a l l y b e f o r e C.

2.

h i s l o s t b e f o r e Ch and b e f o r e a w o r d - f i n a l

3.

h i s lost after

4.

h i s l o s t b e t w e e n two o b s t r u e n t s ( t h e f e a t u r e i d e n t i f i e s obstruents). [-sonorant] [-sonorant]

5.

h i s l o s t b e t w e e n s and a r e s o n a n t

6.

?

C.

CC. [-sonorant]

consonant

i s l o s t b e f o r e h.

7.

An 1 w h i c h b e l o n g s t o l o s t i f the p r e f i x i s pheme i n t h e word ( i n is lost only before a

8.

The s e q u e n c e a + i i s r e p l a c e d by A i f t h e a i s t h e f i n a l e l e m e n t o f a p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x and t h e i i s t h e i n i t i a l e l e m e n t o f a v e r b o r noun s t e m .

9.

The s e q u e n c e ( w ) a ( ) + w a i s r e p l a c e d by u when t h e s e q u e n c e i s c o n t a i n e d i n morphemes w h i c h r e p r e s e n t a p r e p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x + p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x ( + noun/verb stem).

10.

11.

the masculine pronominal p r e f i x i s p r e c e d e d b y a t l e a s t one o t h e r mor­ a s i n g u l a r s u b j e c t i v e p r e f i x the 1 stem b e q i n n i n q i n a , i , o r C ) .

?

I n a sequence

o f two v o w e l s t h e f i r s t v o w e l i s d r o p p e d .

(Note t h a t r u l e 10 m u s t a p p l y a f t e r r u l e 7; n o t e a l s o t n a t i n a s e q u e n c e o f two v o w e l s , w h e r e t h e f i r s t v o w e l i s u , o, o r e, and t h e s e c o n d v o w e l i s a o r i , t h e s e c o n d v o w e l , and not the f i r s t v o w e l , i s dropped.) An i i s i n s e r t e d i n i t i a l l y i n v e r b f o r m s w h i c h h a v e f e w e r t h a n two v o w e l s ( r u l e 10 a p p l i e s a f t e r r u l e 8 b u t b e f o r e r u l e 1).

60

61 12.

W and

13.

W i s dropped before

14.

W and

15.

The

the

y a r e v o c a l i z e d w o r d - f i n a l l y and

a round

before

a word-final

?

vowel.

y are dropped w o r d - i n i t i a l l y

i n nouns

only.

s e q u e n c e hkw+ha becomes khwa.

The r u l e s i n 16. t o 18. a s s i g n word s t r e s s and v o w e l l e n g t h ; r u l e s i n 19. a r e c o n d i t i o n e d by t h e p o s i t i o n o f s t r e s s .

16.

The p e n u l t i m a t e v o w e l o f a word i s s t r e s s e d . Note t h a t n e i t h e r e p e n t h e t i c e (represented E i n the morphological a n a l y s i s ) n o r t h e s t e m - j o i n e r v o w e l ( r e p r e s e n t e d A) " c o u n t " i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p e n u l t i m a t e v o w e l i f t h e y a r e i n an open s y l l a b l e , t h a t i s i f t h e y p r e c e d e CV.

17.

A s t r e s s e d v o w e l i s l e n g t h e n e d i f i t i s i n an o p e n s y l l a b l e , o r i f i t i m m e d i a t e l y p r e c e d e s hR o r C . The h and ? a r e subsequently deleted. ?

18.

The s t r e s s s h i f t s f r o m a p e n u l t i m a t e , l e n g t h e n e d v o w e l I f the r e ­ f o l l o w e d by a s i n g l e C t o t h e f i n a l v o w e l . s u l t i n g s t r e s s e d vowel i s w o r d - f i n a l the penultimate vowel i s shortened. But, i f the r e s u l t i n g s t r e s s e d vowel i s f o l l o w e d by ? t h e s t r e s s e d v o w e l i s l e n g t h e n e d and t h e ? is lost.

19.

A post-tonic A post-tonic l o w e d by RV.

?

h

i s r e p l a c e d by h i f i t i s f o l l o w e d by CV. ( i n c l u d i n g h from ) i s l o s t i f i t i s f o l ­ And, i s l o s t f o l l o w i n g V:CV and b e f o r e RV. ?

?

REFERENCES CITED

A n t o n e , A n g e l a , e t a l . 1981. Tekalihwaté:tha . D e p a r t m e n t o f I n d i a n A f f a i r s and N o r t h e r n D e v e l o p m e n t , O n t a r i o R e g i o n . 1

L o u n s b u r y , F l o y d G. 1953. Oneida Verb Morphology. U n i v e r s i t y P u b l i c a t i o n s i n A n t h r o p o l o g y 48.

Yale

M i c h e l s o n , K a r i n , and M e r c y D o x t a t o r . 1981. Oneida Language Drills. L o n d o n , O n t . : The C e n t r e f o r R e s e a r c h and T e a c h i n g of Canadian N a t i v e Languages, U n i v e r s i t y of Western O n t a r i o . M i t h u n , M a r i a n n e , and H a n n i Woodbury, e d s . 1980. Northern Iroquoian Texts. IJAL-NATS M o n o g r a p h No. 4. Chicago: U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago P r e s s .

62

MERCURY SERIES PUBLICATIONS

PUBLICATIONS DE LA COLLECTION MERCURE Chaque d i v i s i o n du Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme ( l e s d i v i s i o n s de l ' H i s t o i r e , l'éducation et des a f f a i r e s c u l t u r e l l e s , et l e s programmes n a t i o n a u x , l e S e r v i c e canadien d ' E t h n o l o g i e , l a Commission archéologique du Canada, l e Centre canadien d'études sur l a c u l t u r e t r a d i t i o n e l l e et l e Musée canadien de l a G u e r r e ) , f o u r n i t des a r t i c l e s à l a C o l l e c t i o n Mercure. On peut l e s commander de l a source c i - d e s s o u s , en adressant une demande accompagnée d'un chèque libellé au nom du Receveur général du Canada.

Each component of the N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man, (History, Educational and C u l t u r a l A f f a i r s and N a t i o n a l Programmes D i v i s i o n s , Canadian Ethology S e r v i c e , A r c h a e o l o g i c a l Survey o f Canada, Canadian Centre f o r F o l k C u l t u r e S t u d i e s and the Canadian War Museum), p r o v i d e s papers f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n the Mercury S e r i e s . These are a v a i l a b l e from the f o l l o w i n g address on r e c e i p t of a cheque made payable t o the R e c e i v e r General o f Canada.

Order S e r v i c e s Publishing Division N a t i o n a l Museums o f Canada Ottawa, O n t a r i o K1A 0M8

S e r v i c e des commandes D i v i s i o n de l'édition Musées nationaux du Canada Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 0M8

At present the Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e Mercury S e r i e s c o n s i s t s o f the f o l l o w i n g papers:

Le S e r v i c e canadien d ' E t h n o l o g i e déjà contribué à l a C o l l e c t i o n Mercure l e s numéros s u i v a n t s :

a

1972 No.

1

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF TRADITIONAL KUTCHIN CLOTHING IN MUSEUMS. Judy Thompson. 92 p. $1.00

A n a l y s i s and comparison of Kutchin costumes l o c a t e d i n North American European museums, t a k i n g two garments o f the N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man (Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e ) as s t a r t i n g p o i n t . No.

2

SARCEE VERB PARADIGMS.

Eung-Do Cook.

51 p.

$1.00

O u t l i n e of the ways i n which Sarcee v e r b stems can be c l a s s i f i e d i n t o paradigmatic s u b - c l a s s e s whose i n f l e c t i o n a l behaviours are d e s c r i b a b l e regular processes.

63

and

as

64

No.

3

GAMBLING MUSIC OF THE COAST SALISH INDIANS. Wendy Bross S t u a r t . 114 p . $1.25

Study o f the p a r t i c u l a r v a r i a t i o n s o f the S l a h a l game and the music which accompanies i t . S l a h a l i s an I n d i a n game p l a y e d on the Northwest c o a s t among the S a l i s h p e o p l e s i n B r i t i s h Columbia and Washington S t a t e .

1973 No. 4 O.P.

ETHNOLOGY DIVISION: Annual Review, 1972. 52 p., 13 p l a t e s , 2 maps, on r e q u e s t .

No.

A THOUSAND WORDS OF MOHAWK.

5

E d i t e d by B a r r i e Reynolds.

Gunther M i c h e l s o n .

186 p .

$2.00

B r i e f , r e l a t i v e l y n o n - t e c h n i c a l i n t r o d u c t i o n t o Mohawk grammar f o l l o w e d by a r o o t l i s t from Mohawk t o E n g l i s h and E n g l i s h t o Mohawk. No.

6

INKONZE: Mag i c o - R e l i g i o u s B e l i e f s o f C o n t a c t - T r a d i t i o n a l Chipewan Trading a t F o r t R e s o l u t i o n , NWT, Canada. David M e r r i l l Smith. 21 p. 75

Study o f the r o l e o f s u p e r n a t u r a l 1 y adept people o f a Chipewan group, i n r e l a t i o n t o c u r i n g , d i v i n a t i o n , s o c i a l c o n t r o l , a g g r e s s i o n , foodquest and leadership. No.

7

THE MIDDLE GROUND: S o c i a l Change i n an A r c t i c Community, 1967-1971. J o e l S. S a v i s h i n s k y and Susan B. Frimmer. 54 p., 1 map, 2 f i g u r e s , 2 t a b l e s . $1.25

Study which from a h o l i s t i c p e r s p e c t i v e examines v a r i o u s s t r e s s e s , sources and coping techniques w i t h i n the C o l v i l l l e Lake Community with s p e c i a l emphasis upon the p e o p l e ' s response t o the s o c i a l and economic changes which have o c c u r r e d w i t h i n r e c e n t y e a r s . No.

8

A GRAMMAR OF AKWESASNE MOHAWK. 249 p . $2.50

Nancy B o n v i l l a i n .

P r e s e n t a t i o n o f the g e n e r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f Mohawk; d e f i n i t i o n o f the word and word f o r m a t i o n , completed by a d i s c u s s i o n o f the phonemics and morphophonemics. The major p a r t o f the grammar i s concerned with the s t r u c t u r e and use o f the v e r b s .

65

1974 No.

9

PEOPLE OF TETLIN, WHY ARE YOU SINGING? 241 p., 6 maps, Marie-Françoise Guédon. 14 c h a r t s , 26 f i g u r e s . $3.00

Study o f the s o c i a l l i f e of the Upper Tanana Indians whose l i f e i s based on m a t r i l i n e a l k i n groups d i v i d e d i n t o two m o i e t i e s . The apparent d i s c r e p a n c i e s between the d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s o f t h e i r s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n are d i s c o v e r e d to be a normal aspect of the s o c i a l system. No.

10

PAPERS IN LINGUISTICS FROM 1972 CONFERENCE ON E d i t e d by M i c h a e l K. F o s t e r . 118 p. $1.50

IROQUOIAN RESEARCH.

Two of the f i v e papers by N. B o n v i l l a i n and H. Woodbury d e a l with noun i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n Mohawk and Onondaga. The paper by M. Mithun d e a l s with word o r d e r i n T u s c a r o r a . The remaining two papers, one on Mohawk by G. M i c h e l s o n , the other on E r i e by R. Wright, pose e t h n o h i s t o r i c a l q u e s t i o n s based on l i n g u i s t i c a n a l y s i s o f primary s o u r c e s . No.

11

MUSEOCINEMATOGRAPHY: Ethnographic F i l m Programs o f The N a t i o n a l Museum on Man, 1913-1973. David W. Zimmerly. 103 p., 22 f i g u r e s . $1.50

T h i s paper d e t a i l s the h i s t o r y o f ethnographic filmmaking at the N a t i o n a l Museums o f Canada d a t i n g from the Canadian A r c t i c e x p e d i t i o n o f 1913-17, when George H. W i l k i n s shot what may be the e a r l i e s t scenes o f Eskimo f i l m e d anywhere, to 1973. A c a t a l o g u e o f f i l m s and footage i s i n c l u d e d along w i t h b i o g r a p h i c a l notes on the more important filmmakers, as w e l l as d e t a i l e d shot l i s t s of s e l e c t e d f i l m s . No.

12

ETHNOLOGY DIVISION: Annual Review, 1973. E d i t e d by B a r r i e Reynolds. 65 p., on r e q u e s t .

No.

13

RIDING ON THE FRONTIER'S CREST: Mahican Indian C u l t u r e and C u l t u r e Change. Ted J . B r a s s e r . 91 p., 5 p l a t e s , 1 map. $1.25

T h i s study c o n t a i n s a d e t a i l e d summary o f the h i s t o r y and changing c u l t u r o of the Mahican i n d i a n s , o r i g i n a l l y i n h a b i t i n g the Hudson V a l l e y i n New York S t a t e . S i n c e the h i s t o r y o f the Mahican i s c l o s e l y i n t e r r e l a t e d with t h a t o f t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g I r o q u o i s Conference, i t a l s o c o n t r i b u t e s to a more balanced view o f I r o q u o i s h i s t o r y .

66

No.

14

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ATHAPASKAN LANGUAGES. R i c h a r d T. P a r r . 330 p., 5 maps. $3.50

T h i s b i b l i o g r a p h y b r i n g s t o g e t h e r the r e l e v a n t m a t e r i a l s i n l i n g u i s t i c s , a n t h r o p o l o g y , archaeology, f o l k l o r e , and ethnomusicology f o r the Athapaskan I n d i a n languages. A p p r o x i m a t e l y 5,000 e n t r i e s , o f which o n e - f o u r t h have been annotated, as w e l l as maps and census f i g u r e s . No.

15

SOME ASPECTS OF THE GRAMMAR OF THE ESKIMO DIALECTS OF CUMBERLAND PENINSULA AND NORTH BAFFIN ISLAND. Kenn Harper. 95 p., 1 map. $1.25

T h i s study a n a l y s e s some o f the grammar o f two d i a l e c t a l a r e a s o f C e n t r a l Cumberland P e n i n s u l a and North B a f f i n I s l a n d . While not d e a l i n g Arctic: i n d e t a i l with a l l a s p e c t s o f the Eskimo grammar, i t c o n c e n t r a t e s on an a n a l y s i s o f noun and v e r b s t r u c t u r e s . I t a l s o i n c l u d e s the use o f the dual p e r s o n . No.

16

AN EVALUATIVE ETHNO-HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MALECITE INDIANS. M i c h a e l H e r r i s o n . 260 p. $2.75

T h i s b i b l i o g r a p h y aims at a complete coverage o f primary s o u r c e s , both p u b l i s h e d and u n p u b l i s h e d , f o r M a l e c i t e e t h n o l o g y . A n n o t a t i o n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r the student and complete q u o t a t i o n s from those i n a c c e s s i b l e works which c o n t a i n l i t t l e t h a t i s r e l e v a n t . No.

17

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST CONGRESS OF THE CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY. E d i t e d by Jerome H. Barkow. 226 p. $3.00

In t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n , the r e a d e r w i l l f i n d ten o f the major papers p r e s e n t e d d u r i n g f i v e o f the S e s s i o n s . A l s o i n c l u d e d are d i s c u s s i o n summaries o f t h r e e S e s s i o n s where no formal papers were p r e s e n t e d . No.

18

KOYUKUK RIVER CULTURE. A n n e t t e McFadyen C l a r k .

282 p., 5 maps.

$3.25

The Koyukuk R i v e r C u l t u r e i s a comparative study o f s e l e c t e d a s p e c t s o f the m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e o f the Koyukuk Koyukon Athapaskan Indians and t h e Kobuk and Nunamiut Eskimos who share c o n t i g u o u s areas i n i n t e r i o r Northern A l a s k a .

67

No.

19

ETHNOBOTANY OF THE BLACKFOOT INDIANS. John C. H e l l s o n and Morgan Gadd. 138 p., 37 p l a t e s .

$2.00

T h i s study documents B l a c k f o o t p l a n t use as i t was p r o v i d e d by e l d e r l y informants l i v i n g today, s c h o o l e d i n the t r a d i t i o n o f p l a n t u s e s . Uses o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 100 s p e c i e s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n t o p i c a l form: r e l i g i o n and ceremony, b i r t h c o n t r o l , m e d i c i n e , horse m e d i c i n e , d i e t , c r a f t and folklore. No.

20

FROM THE EARTH TO BEYOND THE SKY: An Ethnographic Approach to f o u r Longhouse I r o q u o i s Speech E v e n t s . M i c h a e l K. F o s t e r . 448 p., 8 t a b l e s , 16 f i g u r e s . $5.00

T h i s study i s an a n a l y s i s o f f o u r s t r u c t u r a l l y r e l a t e d r i t u a l s o f the Longhouse I r o q u o i s o f Southern O n t a r i o : the T h a n k s g i v i n g Address, the Great Feather Dance, the S k i n Dance and the Tobacco I n v o c a t i o n . T r a n s c r i b e d and t r a n s l a t e d t e x t i n c l u d e d as a p p e n d i c e s .

1975 No.

21

BELLA COOLA CEREMONY AND ART. Margaret A S t o t t . 153 p., 11 f i g u r e s ,

16 p l a t e s .

$2.25

The aim of t h i s study i s to lend e t h n o l o g i c a l importance t o a c o l l e c t i o n o f m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e , by r e v e a l i n g the r e l a t i o n s h i p o f B e l l a Coola ceremonialism and a r t with other a s p e c t s o f s o c i e t y , and o f f e r i n g an a n a l y t i c a l summary o f B e l l a C o o l a a r t s t y l e . Contemporary ceremonialism and a r t are a l s o d e s c r i b e d and a n a l y s e d . No.

22

A BASKETFUL OF INDIAN CULTURE CHANGE. Ted J . B r a s s e r . 121 p., 74 f i g u r e s . $2.00

A n a l y s i s o f the d e c o r a t i v e p a t t e r n s on a b o r i g i n a l woven and woods p l i n t b a s k e t r y , which r e v e a l s the t e n a c i o u s s u r v i v a l o f b a s i c a r t i s t i c concepts o f a b o r i g i n a l o r i g i n . The woodsplint t e c h n i q u e was adopted by the Indians to adapt t h e i r c r a f t s to White Market. E t h n o h i s t o r i c a l v a l u e o f museum c o l l e c t i o n s i s demonstrated. No.

23

PAPERS OF THE SIXTH ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE, E d i t e d by W i l l i a m Cowan. 399 p. $4.50

1974.

The S i x t h algonquian Conference was h e l d i n Ottawa, October 4-6, 1974. I t was an i n t e r - d i s c i p l i n a r y c o n f e r e n c e embracing archaeology, h i s t o r y , ethnology and l i n g u i s t i c s , and t h i s c o l l e c t i o n comprises most o f the papers p r e s e n t e d .

68

No. 24

CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SERVICE: Annual Review, 1974. E d i t e d by B a r r i e Reynolds. 71 p., 13 p l a t e s , 2 maps, on r e q u e s t .

No. 25

A CONTEXTUAL STUDY OF THE CARIBOU ESKIMO KAYAK. Eugene Y. Arima. 275 p., 3 maps, 31 f i g u r e s . $3.25

A f t e r a d i s c u s s i o n o f the p l a c e o f m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e s t u d i e s i n modern a n t h r o p o l o g y , t h e author shows t h e c o n t i n u i t y o f the C a r i b o u Eskimo kayak form from the B i r n i k c u l t u r e . The r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f g e n e r a l kayak development i s g i v e n i n d e t a i l as w e l l as a thorough coverage o f c o n s t r u c t i o n and use o f the kayak. No. 26

A PLACE OF REFUGE FOR ALL TIME: M i g r a t i o n o f the American i n t o Upper Canada 1830-1850. James A. C l i f t o n . 152 p., 3 maps, 7 p l a t e s . $2.25

Potawatomi

T h i s monograph c o n t a i n s a study o f t h e movement o f a l a r g e p o r t i o n o f the Potawatomi I n d i a n t r i b e from t h e s t a t e s o f Indiana, I l l i n o i s , W i s c o n s i n and M i c h i g a n i n t o Upper Canada i n t h e p e r i o d 1830-1850. I t a l s o examines the Canadian evidence t o shed some l i g h t on not w e l l understood f e a t u r e s o f Potawatomi s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n and e c o l o g i c a l a d a p t a t i o n s i n the f i r s t decades o f t h e 19th c e n t u r y . No. 27

PROCEEDINGS: Northern Athapaskan Conference, 1971. E d i t e d by A. McFadyen C l a r k (2 v o l s ) . 803 p., 14 maps, 13 f i g u r e s , 23 t a b l e s . $9.25

The seventeen papers on Northern Athapaskan r e s e a r c h i n ethnology, l i n g u i s t i c s , and a r c h a e o l o g y p u b l i s h e d i n these two volumes were p r e s e n t e d at t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man N o r t h e r n Athapaskan Conference i n March 1971. The papers a r e p r e f a c e d by a s h o r t i n t r o d u c t i o n which o u t l i n e s t h e r a t i o n a l e and accomplishments o f the Conference. No. 28

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND CONGRESS, CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. I £ I I . E d i t e d by J i m Freedman and Jerome H. Barkow. 723 p., 2 maps, 31 f i g u r e s , 9 t a b l e s , 3 p l a t e s . $10.75

These Proceedings a r e o f t h e Second Annual Conference o f t h e Canadian Ethnology S o c i e t y , h e l d i n February 1975 a t Winnipeg, Manitoba. The f i r s t volume i n c l u d e s papers p r e s e n t e d a t two o f the e i g h t s e s s i o n s : "Myth and C u l t u r e " and "The Theory o f Markedness i n S o c i a l R e l a t i o n s and Language". In the second volume a r e grouped t h e papers r e a d a t t h e s i x remaining s e s s i o n s : "Contempory Trends i n C a r r i b b e a n Ethnology", " A f r i c a n Ethnology", "Anthropology i n Canada", "The Crees and the Geese", " E a r l y M e r c a n t i l e E n t e r p r i s e s i n A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l P e r s p e c t i v e s " and " V o l u n t e e r e d Papers". An a b s t r a c t i n French and E n g l i s h precedes each paper.

69

1976

No.

29

A PROTO-ALGONQUIAN DICTIONARY. $3.25 210 p.

George F.

Aubin.

T h i s d i c t i o n a r y c o n t a i n s n e a r l y 2,3000 P r o t o - A l g o n q u i a n r e c o n s t r u c t i o n s . Each e n t r y c o n t a i n s : the Proto-Algonquian r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , i t s source and E n g l i s h g l o s s and the forms c i t e d i n support o f the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n . An E n g l i s h - P r o t o - A l g o n q u i a n index i s a l s o i n c l u d e d . No. 30 O.P.

CREE NARRATIVE: E x p r e s s i n g the p e r s o n a l meanings o f events. Richard J . Preston. 316 p., 3 f i g u r e s , 1 photograph. $3.50

N a r r a t i v e o b t a i n e d from the E a s t e r n Cree Indians o f James Bay, Quebec, are c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e i r v a r i o u s f u n c t i o n s w i t h i n the Cree c u l t u r e . The author p r i v i l e g e s an i n d u c t i v e approach f o r t h i s study. No.

31

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY, 1975. David Brez C a r l i s l e . 359 p., 127 p l a t e s .

E d i t e d by $4.50

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s 7 papers on e t h n o l o g i c a l s u b j e c t s . Four of them are on m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e (Day, Damas, Arima and Hunt), one on r i t u a l s ( S t e a r n s ) , one on g e n e r a l ethnography (Smith), one on e t h n o h i s t o r y ( G i l l e s p i e ) and one on c u l t u r a l change (Rogers and Tobobondung). No.

32

ESKIMO MUSIC BY REGION: A Comparative Circumpolar Study. Thomas F. Johnston. 222 p., 38 p l a t e s , 9 m u s i c a l t r a n s c r i p t i o n s . $2.75

Study of A l a s k a n Eskimo music, as p a r t o f a d i s t i n c t western m u s i c a l complex, compared w i t h Eskimo music i n C e n t r a l and E a s t e r n Canada and Greenland.

70

Les d o s s i e r s s u i v a n t s sont distribués g r a t u i t e m e n t par l e Chef du S e r v i c e canadien d ' E t h n o l o g i e , Musée n a t i o n a l de 1'Homme :

The f o l l o w i n g papers are being d i s t r i b u t e d g r a t i s by the C h i e f , Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e , N a t i o n a l Museum of Man:

No. 33 O.P.

LA CULTURE MATERIELLE DES INDIENS DU QUEBEC: mocassins et toboggans. C a r o l e Lévesque. 156 p., 47 f i g u r e s , 28 p l a n c h e s .

Une

étude de r a q u e t t e s ,

C e t t e étude sur l a f a b r i c a t i o n et l a décoration des r a q u e t t e s , des mocassins et des toboggans dans l e s communautés i n d i e n n e s du Québec concerne à l a f o i s des o b j e t s p r o d u i t s au 19 siècle et d ' a u t r e s p r o d u i t s actuellement. E l l e s ' i n s c r i t dans une approche récente de l a c u l t u r e matérielle où l a p r o d u c t i o n e s t étudiée en f o n c t i o n des reppoïrs sociaux à l'intérieur d e s q u e l s e l l e s'insère. e

1977 No. 34 O.P.

A PRACTICAL WRITING SYSTEM AND SHORT DICTIONARY OF (KWAKIUTL). David McC. Grubb. 251 p., 1 p l a t e .

KWAKW'ALA

The purpose of t h i s work i s t o p r e s e n t a p h o n e m i c a l l y a c c u r a t e , p r a c t i c a l s p e l l i n g system of Kwakw'ala, the language o f the Kwagulh (Kwakiutl) people. The f i r s t s e c t i o n d e a l s with the use of the p r a c t i c a l orthography w h i l e the second s e c t i o n i s a two-way, c r o s s - i n d e x e d dictionary: E n g l i s h - Kwakw'ala. No. 35 O.P.

THE INDIVIDUAL IN NORTHERN DENE THOUGHT AND COMMUNICATION: A Study i n S h a r i n g and D i v e r s i t y . Jane C h r i s t i a n and P e t e r Gardner. 419 p.

M.

The volume r e p o r t s some of the p r e l i m i n a r y f i n d i n g s o f a c o l l a b o r a t i v e study o f thought and communication among members o f one Mackenzie d r a i n a g e Dene community. S u b p r o j e c t s , on a s p e c t s o f communication and l e a r n i n g , on shared and d i v e r s e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s and p r o c e s s e s having t o do with t r a p p i n g , f i s h i n g , and e x p l o i t a t i o n o f moose, are r e p o r t e d . No. 3 6 O.P.

SHAMATTAWA: The S t r u c t u r e of S o c i a l A l g o n k i a n Band. David H. Turner and 12 p l a t e s , 8 f i g u r e s .

R e l a t i o n s i n a Northern Paul Wertman. 124 p.,

T h i s study aims to t e s t a t h e o r y o f North A l g o n k i a n s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n developed through a s t r u c t u r a l a n a l y s i s o f A u s t r a l i a n h u n t e r - g a t h e r e r s o c i e t i e s and a c r i t i c a l r e a d i n g of Northern A l g o n k i a n l i t e r a t u r e .

71

No. 37 O.P.

SOME GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS OF LABRADOR INUTTUT (ESKIMO): A Survey o f t h e I n f l e c t i o n a l Paradigms o f Nouns and V e r b s . Lawrence R. Smith. 98 p., 59 t a b l e s .

T h i s grammatical s k e t c h surveys t h e nominal and v e r b a l paradigms o f t h e d i a l e c t i n c u r r e n t usage among the Laborador I n u i t o f t h e A t l a n t i c C o a s t .

1978 No. 38 O.P.

SWAN PEOPLE: A Study o f t h e Dunne-za Prophet Robin R i d i n g t o n . 132 p., 20 p l a t e s .

Dance.

The prophet dance, a complex o f b e l i e f s and p r a c t i c e s among n o r t h w e s t e r n n a t i v e people, i s s t u d i e d from the myths and o r a t o r i e s c o l l e c t e d among the Dunne-za o r Beaver Indians o f the upper Peace R i v e r . No. 39 O.P.

NEIGHBORS AND INTRUDERS: An E t h n o h i s t o r i c a l E x p l o r a t i o n o f the Indians o f Hudson's R i v e r . E d i t e d by Laurence M. Hauptman and Jack C a m p i s i . 285 p., 29 p l a t e s , 3 f i g u r e s .

U t i l i z i n g new a r c h a e o l o g i c a l , e t h n o h i s t o r i c a l and l i n g u i s t i c p e r s p e c t i v e s , t h e p r e s e n t volume i s aimed as a s t a r t i n g p o i n t f o r f u t u r e i n t e r - d i s c i p l i n a r y r e s e a r c h i n t h e f i e l d o f study o f the Indians o f the Hudson R i v e r . No. 40

PAPERS FROM THE FOURTH ANNUAL CONGRESS, 1977. CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY. E d i t e d by R i c h a r d J . P r e s t o n . 431 p., 15 t a b l e s , 14 f i g u r e s , 3 maps.

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s s e l e c t e d papers p r e s e n t e d a t t h e F o u r t h Annual Congress o f t h e Canadian E t h n o l o g y S o c i e t y i n H a l i f a x , February 23-27, I t i n c l u d e s papers on s u b j e c t s such as m a r i t i m e ethnology, Micmac 1977. r e s e a r c h , f o l k l o r e , f r i e n d s h i p , p r o p e r t . and ownership, wage l a b o u r m i g r a t i o n , and t h e concept o f s t r a n g e r . No. 41

THE EFFECTS OF ACCULTURATION ON ESKIMO MUSIC OF CUMBERLAND PENINSULA. M a i j a M. L u t z . 167 p., 5 maps, 2 t a b l e s , v i n y l r e c o r d .

The purposes o f t h i s study a r e as f o l l o w s : to examine the types o f music which a r e performed and l i s t e n e d t o i n Pangnirtung today, t o d i s c u s s the c u l t u r a l c o n t e x t o f the music, t o p l a c e p r e s e n t - d a y music i n a h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e , and f i n a l l y t o f o r m u l a t e reasons and j u s t i f i c a t i o n s f o r changes that have taken p l a c e i n music.

72

No.

42

A PRACTICAL DICTIONARY OF John Asher Dunn. 155 p.

THE

COAST TSIMSHIAN LANGUAGE.

T h i s T s i m s h i a n / E n g l i s h d i c t i o n a r y o f more than 2250 e n t r i e s g i v e s to researchers p r a c t i c a l t r a n s c r i p t i o n , morphological information, English g l o s s e s and p h o n e t i c t r a n s c r i p t i o n , showing the l o c a l v a r i a n t s . No. 43 O.P.

CONTEXTUAL STUDIES OF MATERIAL CULTURE. David W. Zimmerly. 58 p., 29 f i g u r e s .

Edited

by

T h i s c o l l e c t i o n o f f i v e papers surveys the g e n e r a l f i e l d of m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e s t u d i e s and i n c l u d e s s p e c i f i c r e c e n t c o n t e x t u a l s t u d i e s o f North American I n d i a n and Eskimo m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e . No.

44

ALGONQUIN DIALECT RELATIONSHIPS IN NORTHWESTERN QUEBEC. Roger G i l s t r a p . 70 p., 4 i l l u s t r a t i o n s .

T h i s r e p o r t examines d i a l e c t r e l a t i o n s h i p s ( l e x i c o n , phonology and grammar) which e x i s t between the f i v e A l g o n q u i n communities o f Amos, Lac Simon, Winneway, Maniwaki and Rapid Lake of northwestern Quebec. No. 45 O.P.

A SURVEY OF Lawrence R.

THE DERIVATIONAL POSTBASES OF Smith. 128 p.

LABRADOR INUTTUT (ESKIMO).

The c o r e o f t h i s work i s a d i c t i o n a r y o f d e r i l v a t i o n a l p o s t b a s e s i n c u r r e n t usage by the I n u i t of the Labrador Coast. Each e n t r y i n c l u d e s the I n u t t u t form i n phonemic orthography, morphophonemic s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , a semantic c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n i n E n g l i s h , notes on i d i o s y n c r a t i c p r o p e r t i e s and examples o f use. An i n t r o d u c t i o n to Labrador I n u t t u t word-formation i s a l s o p r o v i d e d .

1979 No. 46 O.P.

ESKIMO ECONOMICS: An Aspect o f C u l t u r e Change at Rankin I n l e t . W i l l i a m Hugh Jansen I I . 162 p., 11 i l l u s t r a t i o n s .

T h i s r e p o r t i s an i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o the development o f f o u r d i s t i n c t economic s t r a t e g i e s by the Eskimos o f Rankin I n l e t , Northwest Territories: economic s p e c i a l i z a t i o n ; economic g e n e r a l i z a t i o n ; e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ; and, dependence upon s o c i a l a s s i s t a n c e . No. 47 INUIT ADOPTION. Lee Guemple. 131 p. O.P. T h i s study o f f e r s a d e s c r i p t i o n and a n a l y s i s o f the s o c i a l and c u l t u r a l a s p e c t s o f t r a d i t i o n a l and contemporary a d o p t i v e p r a c t i c e s among the Inuit.

73

No. 48 O.P.

SOLSTICE-ALIGNED BOULDER CONFIGURATIONS IN SASKATCHEWAN. A l i c e B. Kehoe and Thomas F. Kehoe. 73 p., 8 p l a t e s , 15 f i g u r e s .

E l e v e n Saskatchewan p r e h i s t o r i c boulder c o n f i g u r a t i o n s are i n v e s t i g a t e d to determine whether t h e i r r o c k c a i r n s and l i n e s are l i k e l y to have been a l i g n e d to a s t r o n o m i c a l phenomena. No. 49 O.P.

CASE AND CONTEXT IN INUKTITUT (ESKIMO). Ivan Kalrnar. 159 p., 1 map.

The author i n v e s t i g a t e s the use o f the three simple sentence types with both s u b j e c t and o b j e c t i n the I n u k t i t u t language. No.

50

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN LINGUISTICS. E r i c P. Hamp, Robert Howren, Quindel King, Brenda M. Lowery and R i c h a r d Walker. 118 p., 7 t a b l e s , 1 f i g u r e .

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s f i v e papers on l i n g u i s t i c s u b j e c t s : t h r e e are on the Athapaskan languages o f Dogrib (Howren 1968), C e n t r a l C a r r i e r (Walker 1966), and C h i l c o t i n (King 1968); one on B l a c k f o o t (Lowery 1964); and, one on A l g o n q u i n (Hamp 1974). No.

51

CONTES INDIENS DE LA BASSE COTE NORD DU Rémi Savard. 99 p.

SAINT LAURENT.

Ce volume c o n t i e n t quatorze contes montagnais provenant de François B e l l e f l e u r de La Romaine et de P i e r r e P e t e r s de S a i n t - A u g u s t i n sur l a Basse Côte Nord du S a i n t Laurent. I l s ont été r e c u e i l l i s de 1970 à 1975. No.

52

THE CONTEXT OF THE INFORMANT NARRATIVE PERFORMANCE: From S o c i o l i n g u i s t i c s t o E t h n o l i n g u i s t i c s at F o r t Chipewyan, A l b e r t a . Ronald S c o l l o n . 80 p., 1 map.

The a u t h o r demonstrates how n a r r a t i v e s t r u c t u r e at F o r t Chipewyan, A l b e r t a i s h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e t o the s i t u a t i o n o f the n a r r a t i v e performance. No. 53 O.P.

HOOPER BAY KAYAK CONSTRUCTION. David W. Zimmerly. 118 p., 84 f i g u r e s , 89 photographs, 1 map, 5 blueprints.

T h i s i l l u s t r a t e d monograph d e t a i l s the c o n s t r u c t i o n process o f a 4.6 m (15') Bering Sea-type kayak made i n the Yupik Eskimo-speaking community o f Hooper Bay, A l a s k a i n October and November of 1976. I n s t r u c t i o n s and f u l l - s i z e b l u e p r i n t s f o r the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a working r e p r o d u c t i o n o f t h i s kayak are i n c l u d e d .

74

No.

54

SUFFIXES OF THE BAFFIN ISLAND.

ESKIMO DIALECTS OF CUMBERLAND PENINSULA AND Kenn Harper. 123 p.

NORTH

T h i s paper a n a l y z e s the d e r i v a t i o n a l s u f f i x e s o f the two c l o s e l y r e l a t e d The Eskimo d i a l e c t s o f Cumberland P e n i n s u l a and North B a f f i n I s l a n d . s u f f i x e s are presented i n a d i c t i o n a r y format and a l l v a r i a n t s o f a s u f f i x are l i s t e d i n a l p h a b e t i c a l sequence. No.

55

A REFERENCE GRAMMAR FOR THE John Asher Dunn. 91 p.

COAST TSIMSHIAN LANGUAGE.

T h i s i s a n o n - t e c h n i c a l i n t r o d u c t i o n to the phonology, morpholohy, and syntax of Coast T s i m s h i a n as spoken i n M e t l a k a t l a , A l a s k a , Port Simpson, K i t k a t l a , H a r t l e y Bay, and P r i n c e Rupert, B r i t i s h Columbia. It c o n t a i n s s e c t i o n s on p r o n u n c i a t i o n , sound changes, word f o r m a t i o n (morpholohy), syntax, b a s i c sentence types and t h e i r grammatical r e l a t i o n s h i p s and p r o v i d e s an e x p l a n a t i o n of the p r a c t i c a l o r t h o g r a p h y c u r r e n t l y i n use. No. 56 O.P.

ASPECTS OF INUIT VALUE SOCIALIZATION. Jean L. B r i g g s . 63 p.

T h i s volume t a k e s a s e r i o u s look at " p l a y " i n I n u i t s o c i e t y by a r g u i n g t h a t " p l a y " c o n t a i n s p r o c e s s e s e s s e n t i a l t o the c r e a t i o n , maintenance and i n t e r n a l i z a t i o n o f the c e n t r a l v a l u e s o f I n u i t s o c i e t y . No. 57 ATHAPASKAN WOMEN: L i v e s and Legends. J u l i e C r u i k s h a n k . 202 p. O.P. T h i s volume c o n t a i n s e x c e r p t s i l l u s t r a t i n g the changing themes i n Athapaskan c u l t u r e which were taken from i n d i v i d u a l b o o k l e t s p r e v i o u s l y prepared by the author on the f a m i l y and p e r s o n a l h i s t o r y and legends o f seven Athapaskan women l i v i n g i n the Yukon T e r r i t o r y . No.

58

CHIPEWYAN MARRIAGE.

Henry S. Sharp.

108

p.,

17 f i g u r e s .

T h i s volume i n v e s t i g a t e s the o p e r a t i o n o f the k i n s h i p system o f the M i s s i o n Chipewyan. It examines the u t i l i z a t i o n o f k i n s h i p terms, and c o n f l i c t i n h e r e n t i n t h i s group of C a r i b o u - E a t e r Chipewyan and an a n a l y s i s of m a r r i a g e and the r o l e of a f f i n e s i s i n c l u d e d . No.

59

EIGHT INUIT MYTHS/INUIT UNIPKAAQTUAT PINGASUNIARVINILIT. T r a n s c r i b e d and t r a n s l a t e d by A l e x . S p a l d i n g . 102 p.

E i g h t N a s s i l i n g m i u t ( C e n t r a l A r c t i c I n u i t ) myths a r e g i v e n a r o u g h l y morphemic t r a n s l a t i o n as w e l l as a l i t e r a r y t r a n s l a t i o n i n t o E n g l i s h with p r e f a c e and g l o s s a r y i n c l u d e d .

75

No.

60

INUIT SONGS FROM ESKIMO POINT Ramon P e l i n s k i , Luke Suluk, Lucy Amarook. v i n y l record.

122

p.,

12

illustrations,

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s f o r t y - o n e I n u i t songs o f the t r a d i t i o n a l genres o f the a j a j a i t , animal songs and c h i l d r e n ' s game songs c o l l e c t e d i n Eskimo P o i n t , N.W.T. i n 1977. A l l songs appear i n I n u k t i t u t with E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n s and are accompanied by the m u s i c a l n o t a t i o n .

1980 No.

61

THE KYUQUOT WAY: Susan M. Kenyon.

A Study o f a West Coast (Nootkan) Community. 193 p., 8 f i g u r e s , 9 t a b l e s .

T h i s i s an account o f a modern West Coast (Nootkan) Indian community i n h i s t o r i c a l perspective. Contemporary settlement p a t t e r n s , house s t y l e s , economic o c c u p a t i o n s , s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i t i c a l developments and c e r e m o n i a l a c t i v i t i e s and the e v o l u t i o n of these forms are d i s c u s s e d . No.

62

PAPERS FROM THE FIFTH ANNUAL CONGRESS, 1978. CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY. E d i t e d by Joan Ryan.

150

p.,

4 figures.

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s a b s t r a c t s and s e l e c t e d papers p r e s e n t e d at the Annual Congress of the Canadian Ethnology S o c i e t y i n London, February 23-26, 1978. No.

63

THE 314

Fifth

HARE INDIANS AND THEIR WORLD. Hiroko Sue Hara. p., 5 maps, 55 f i g u r e s , 15 p l a t e s , 25 t a b l e s .

T h i s paper d e s c r i b e s the l i f e o f the Hare Indians o f the F o r t Good Hope a r e a , i n the Mackenzie R i v e r b a s i n o f the Northwest and Yukon T e r r i t o r i e s i n an h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e . No.

64

CANOE CONSTRUCTION IN A CREE CULTURE TRADITION. J . Garth T a y l o r . 112 p., 2 maps, 9 f i g u r e s , 52 p l a t e s .

T h i s study examines E a s t e r n Cree canoe c o n s t r u c t i o n from a v a r i e t y o f a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l and h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e s . The f u l l y d e t a i l e d and i l l u s t r a t e d t e c h n i c a l a s p e c t s o f canoe c o n s t r u c t i o n are combined with a d e s c r i p t i o n o f the s o c i a l and economic f a c t o r s , the canoe b u i l d e r ' s view of these a c t i v i t i e s through myth and song and a d i s c u s s i o n o f the c o n t i n u i t y and change i n a l l a s p e c t s o f t r a d i t i o n a l canoe c o n s t r u c t i o n .

76

No.

65

ALGONQUIN ETHNOBOTONY: An I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f A b o r i g i n a l A d a p t a t i o n i n Southwestern Quebec. M e r e d i t h Jean B l a c k . 266 p., 15 t a b l e s , 4 maps.

T h i s monograph compiles e t h n o b o t a n i c a l d a t a r e p o r t e d and p u b l i s h e d f o r a l l A l g o n k i a n speaking groups i n e a s t e r n North America w i t h e t h n o b o t a n i c a l d a t a from f i e l d s t u d i e s w i t h A l g o n q u i n bands i n t h e Ottawa R i v e r d r a i n a g e and Cree bands i n t h e S t . Maurice d r a i n a g e i n an attempt to r e s o l v e some e c o l o g i c a l and h i s t o r i c a l problems i n western Quebec. No.

66

THE INUIT LANGUAGE IN SOUTHERN LABRADOR FROM 1694 TO 1785/ LA LANGUE INUIT AU SUD DU LABRADOR DE 1694 A 1785. Louis-Jacques Dorais. 56 p., 1 map/1 c a r t e .

T h i s monograph c o n s i s t s o f word and a f f i x - l i s t s , as w e l l as grammatical o b s e r v a t i o n s , c o n c e r n i n g t h e language o f t h e Southern Labrador I n u i t from 1694 to 1785. They were c o l l e c t o d from w r i t t e n t e x t s o f t h i s p e r i o d and show t h a t t h e language o f t h e s e 18th c e n t u r y I n u i t i s almost i d e n t i c a l w i t h t h a t o f t h e i r contemporaries i n the E a s t e r n Canadian A r c t i c . Ce t r a v a i l présente sous forme de l i s t e s de mots e t d ' a f f i x e s a i n s i que de remarques grammaticales l e s données l i n g u i s t i q u e s c o n t i n u e s dans l e s t e x t e s d'époque p r o t a n t s u r l e s I n u i t s du Labrador méridional, de 1694 à 1785. I l nous permet de c o n s t a t e r qu^ l a langue i n u i t de 1 8 siècle était, à peu de choses près, semblable à c e l l e q u i e s t parlée a u j o u r d ' h u i dans l ' A r c t i q u e o r i e n t a l c a n a d i e n . e

No.

67

THE TRAPPERS OF PATUANAK: Toward a S p a t i a l E c o l o g y o f Modem Hunters. Robert Jarvenpa. 272 p., 22 t a b l e s , 9 f i g u r e s , 6 maps, 40 p l a t e s .

T h i s study d e v e l o p s an a n a l y t i c a l framework t h a t t r e a t s s p e c i a l a r r a n g e ments o f human p o p u l a t i o n s as a fundamental form o f e c o l o g i c a l a d a p t a t i o n f o r s u b a r c t i c Indian s o c i e t i e s . The g e o g r a p h i c a l m o b i l i t y o f commercial f u r t r a p p e r s and f i s h e r m e n from t h e E n g l i s h R i v e r Chipewyan community o f Patuanak, Saskatchewan i s employed as a v a r i a b l e f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f economic s u b s i s t e n c e c y c l e s and ongoing p r o c e s s e s o f s e t t l e m e n t system change. No.

68

NORTH WAKASHAN COMPARATIVE ROOT LIST. N e v i l l e J . L i n c o l n and John C. Rath. 426 p., 1 map.

T h i s book c o n t a i n s a l i s t i n g o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2650 r o o t s from the v a r i o u s North Wakashan languages, namely H e i l t s u k ( B e l l a B e l l a and Klemtu), Oowekyala ( R i v e r s I n l e t ) , H a i s l a ( K i t i m a t ) and Kwakwala ( A l e r t Bay, Port Hardy, e t c . ) . Each r o o t i s i l l u s t r a t e d w i t h l e x i c a l words from t h e language where i t i s r e p r e s e n t e d , cognate words being brought t o g e t h e r under a s i n g l e e n t r y and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e d t o each o t h e r as they o c c u r a t d i f f e r e n t p o i n t s i n the a l p h a b e t i c a l o r d e r . The r o o t l i s t i s preceded by c o n c i s e p h o n o l o g i e s o f each language and an e x p o s i t i o n o f t h e t e c h n i q u e s used t o i s o l a t e r o o t s i n North Wakashan.

77

No. 69 O.P.

PERSISTENT CEREMONIALISM: The P l a i n s Cree and S a u l t e a u x . Koozma J . T a r a s o f f . 247 p., 5 diagrams, 92 p l a t e s .

T h i s monograph c o n t a i n s t r a n s c r i p t s o f taped i n t e r v i e w s , p a r t i c i p a n t o b s e r v a t i o n s and sketches and photographs c o l l e c t e d i n t h e mid-1960s on the Rain Dance and Sweat Bath F e a s t o f t h e P l a i n s Cree and Saulteaux. It i l l u s t r a t e s how t h e s o c i a l group (the r i t u a l e l d e r s i n p a r t i c u l a r ) c o n t r i b u t e t o the i d e n t i t y , s t a b i l i t y and s u r v i v a l o f the n a t i v e c u l t u r e .

1981 No. 70

ANALYSE LINGUISTIQUE ET ETHNOCENTRISME: Mot en I n u k t i t u t . Ronald Lowe. 126 p.

E s s a i sur l a S t r u c t u r e du

L'analyse que propose l a présente étude de l a s t r u c t u r e du mot i n u i t , dans l e cadre de l a psychomécanique du langage, remet en cause l a v i s i o n nettement indo-européenne du langage à l a q u e l l e c o n d u i s e n t l a p l u p a r t des modèles, a n c i e n s et récents, de l a l i n g u i s t i q u e . No. 71

THE IDENTITY OF THE SAINT FRANCIS INDIANS: 2 maps, 4 f i g u r e s .

Gordon M. Day.

157 p.,

T h i s study attempts t o i d e n t i f y t h e contemporary language and c u l t u r e o f the S a i n t F r a n c i s Indians by t r a c i n g t h e i r o r i g i n s i n t h e w r i t t e n r e c o r d , g e n e a l o g i e s , o r a l t r a d i t i o n and i n language. The purpose i s t o a s s i g n the l i n g u i s t i c and e t h n o g r a p h i c d a t a o b t a i n e d from the S a i n t F r a n c i s Indians i n t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y to t h e t r i b e s known at the time o f white c o n t a c t i n the seventeenth c e n t u r y . No. 72

THE CHANGING ECONOMIC ROLES FOR MICMAC MEN AND WOMEN: An Ethnohistorical Analysis. E l l i c e B. Gonzalez. 157 p., 7 maps, 8 f i g u r e s , 12 t a b l e s .

T h i s study examines t h e a l t e r a t i o n and a d a p t a t i o n o f Micmac male and female r o l e s i n Nova S c o t i a over a p e r i o d o f f o u r hundred y e a r s i n the context o f the broader changes which t h e i r s o c i e t y e x p e r i e n c e d as i t i n t e r a c t e d with t h e dominant European c u l t u r e . No. 73

THREE STORIES IN ONEIDA: E d i t e d by K a r i n M i c h e l s o n . t r a n s l a t e d by Georgina N i c h o l a s . 77 p.

T o l d and

Three s t o r i e s i n Oneida, a Northern I r o q u o i a n language, and an i n t r o d u c t i o n , a l s o i n Oneida, a r e g i v e n w i t h an i n t e r l i n e a r t r a n s l a t i o n and a morpheme-by-morpheme a n a l y s i s .