The Truly Infinite Universe: Hegel, Hawking, and the Quantum Cosmo-Logic of the Absolute 152753443X, 9781527534438

599 149 2MB

English Pages [287] Year 2019

Report DMCA / Copyright

DOWNLOAD FILE

Polecaj historie

The Truly Infinite Universe: Hegel, Hawking, and the Quantum Cosmo-Logic of the Absolute
 152753443X, 9781527534438

Table of contents :
Dedication
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Citations and Abbreviations
Introduction
Chapter One
Chapter Two
Chapter Three
Chapter Four
Chapter Five
Chapter Six
Chapter Seven
Conclusion
Bibliography

Citation preview

The Truly Infinite Universe



The Truly Infinite Universe: Hegel, Hawking, and the Quantum Cosmo-logic of the Absolute By

David James Stewart

The Truly Infinite Universe: Hegel, Hawking, and the Quantum Cosmo-logic of the Absolute By David James Stewart This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by David James Stewart All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3443-X ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3443-8

For J-R, there’s no one I’d rather explore the infinite universe with.



7$%/(2)&217(176   $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV[  &LWDWLRQVDQG$EEUHYLDWLRQV[LL  ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7ZR7UDQVGLVFLSOLQDU\6FLHQFHV2I7KH:KROH  &KDSWHU2QH ,QTXLULQJLQWRWKH8QLYHUVHDVD:KROH 2Q1RW1HHGLQJWREHD0DWKHPDWLFLDQ /RFDO*HRPHWU\*OREDO7RSRORJ\DQGWKH4XHVWLRQRI6SDWLDO &ORVXUH  &KDSWHU7ZR 4XDQWXP&RVPRORJ\DQGWKH+DUWOH+DZNLQJ3URSRVDO 4XDQWXP&RVPRORJ\DQGWKH4XHVWIRUD7KHRU\RI4XDQWXP *UDYLW\ &KDOOHQJHVLQWKH4XHVWIRU4XDQWXP*UDYLW\ 7RZDUGVD:RUNLQJ'HILQLWLRQRI³4XDQWXP*UDYLW\´ 7KH3KLORVRSKLFDO5RRWVRI4XDQWXP*UDYLW\ )URP&ODVVLFDOWR4XDQWXP0HFKDQLFVWR4XDQWXP&RVPRORJ\ 2Q1RW&RQIODWLQJ4XDQWXP&RVPRORJ\DQG4XDQWXP*UDYLW\ 7KH+DUWOH+DZNLQJ3URSRVDO )H\QPDQ¶V6XP2YHU+LVWRULHV0HWKRGDQGWKH:DYH)XQFWLRQ RIWKH8QLYHUVH ,PDJLQDU\7LPHDQGWKH5HLPDJLQLQJRI3ULPRUGLDO6SDFH 1RWKLQJ>QHVV@DQGWKH4XDQWXP9DFXXP 0LQLPXP3RVVLEOH1RQXQLIRUPLW\

 &KDSWHU7KUHH +HJHO¶V6SHFXODWLYH0HWDSK\VLFV 7KH4XHVWLRQRI+HJHODQG0HWDSK\VLFV 1RQPHWDSK\VLFDO,QWHUSUHWDWLRQVRI+HJHO 

7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV 

YLLL

7KH6FLHQFHRI7KRXJKW7KLQNLQJ,WVHOI ³7KH'LDPRQG1HW´ 3RVWFULWLFDO0HWDSK\VLFVDQGWKH7UDQVLWLRQIURPWKH Phenomenology of SpiritWRWKHScience of Logic 7KH6SHFXODWLYH0RPHQW 7KH7KUHH0RPHQWV 7KH$EVWUDFW0RPHQWRIVerstand7KH$EVROXWH3RZHU )URP$EVWUDFWVerstandWR1HJDWLYHVernunft )URP1HJDWLYHVernunftWR3RVLWLYHVernunft7KH'LIIHUHQFH %HWZHHQ'LDOHFWLFDOUmschlagenDQG6SHFXODWLYH Gegenstoß $&DVH6WXG\LQ6SHFXODWLYHGegenstoß7KUHH$FFRXQWV RIWKH6XEMHFW2EMHFW5HODWLRQVKLS $&DVH6WXG\LQ6SHFXODWLYHGegenstoß7KH*DUGHQ 1DUUDWLYH

 &KDSWHU)RXU 7UXH,QILQLWXGH 7KH&RQWUDGLFWLRQDQG/LPLW V RIWKH)LQLWH $6SHFXODWLYH6XEYHUVLRQRIWKH0DWHULDOLVP,GHDOLVP 'LFKRWRP\ )LQLWXGH6\OORJLVWLF/RJLFDQGWKH'LDOHFWLF RI&RQWLQJHQF\1HFHVVLW\ &LUFXPVFULEHG)RUPVRI,QILQLWXGH 6SHFXODWLYH:+ROHV6XEVWDQFHDV6XEMHFWDQGWKH3XOVDWLQJ /LIHRI7UXH,QILQLWXGH  &KDSWHU)LYH 7KH4XDQWXP&RVPR/RJLFRIWKH$EVROXWH 7KH0\VWLFDO'LPHQVLRQRI6SHFXODWLYH5HDVRQ 3UH2QWRORJLFDO0XOWLSOLFLW\³0LQLPXP3RVVLEOH1RQXQLIRUPLW\´ DQGGeist 2QWRORJLHVRI1RWKLQJ>QHVV@ 7KH6SHFXODWLYH6SDFHRI,PDJLQDU\7LPH  &KDSWHU6L[ *RG:RUOG6XEMHFW Creatio ex Meonic1RQEHLQJLQD7UXO\,QILQLWH8QLYHUVH 7KH3UREOHPRIWKH([WHUQDO*RGLQD7UXO\,QILQLWH8QLYHUVH 7KH7UXH,QILQLWXGHRIWKH'LYLQH,GHD$Meonic5HWKLQNLQJ RI/RYH7ULQLW\

7KH7UXO\,QILQLWH8QLYHUVH

L[

3ULPRUGLDO7UDQVLWLRQV 7KH7UDJLF5HFRQFLOLDWLRQRI*RG:RUOG6XEMHFW  &KDSWHU6HYHQ %UHDNLQJ7KHRORJLFDO%R[HV 7KH2QH6LGHGQHVVRI$WKHLVWLF5HDGLQJV 7KH6WXEERUQQHVVRI7KHLVWLF5HDGLQJV 7KH+DOI0HDVXUHRI3DQWKHLVWLF5HDGLQJV 7KH$SSHDORI3DQHQWKHLVWLF5HDGLQJV  &RQFOXVLRQ $XWRSRLHWLF0|ELXV8QLYHUVHVDQG,PPRUWDO'LDPRQG1HWV %LEOLRJUDSK\

$&.12:/('*(0(176    7KHVHHGVRIWKLVERRNZHUHSODQWHGE\P\IDWKHUZKRLPSDUWHGLQPHD ORYHIRUUHDGLQJDQGDFXULRVLW\DERXWWKHXQLYHUVHZKHQ,ZDVMXVWDNLG 7KDQN\RX'DG$ORQJWKHZD\WKHJDUGHQLQZKLFKWKRVHVHHGVHYHQWXDOO\ WRRNURRWZDVWHQGHGE\PDQ\IRONVSUREDEO\ZLWKRXWWKHPHYHQNQRZLQJ LW 7KHVH VHHGV EORVVRPHG LQWR WKH FRUH LGHDV DW WKH KHDUW RI The Truly Infinite Universe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¶PKRQRUHGWRFDOO\RXPHQWRUDQG IULHQG .DUHQ$OH[DQGHUWKHPRVWZRQGHUIXOOLEUDULDQWKDQN\RX:LWKRXW\RXU KHOS WUDFNLQJ GRZQ DOO WKRVH REVFXUH WH[WV DQG ERRNV DQG DUWLFOHV WKLV SURMHFWVLPSO\ZRXOGQ¶WKDYHKDSSHQHG 6SHQFHU 0RIIDWW DOO WKRVH WDONV RQ WKH ZD\ WR DQG IURP WKH 6SHHG\ 0DUNHWDOOWKRVHFRQYHUVDWLRQVRQWKHWKIORRURIWKHVWDFNVDQGDOOWKRVH DEVXUGO\ORQJWH[WPHVVDJHH[FKDQJHVWKH\VKDSHGP\WKRXJKWPRUHWKDQ \RXNQRZDQGZHUHZLWKRXWDGRXEWVRPHRIP\IDYRULWHSDUWVRIWKHZKROH 3K'MRXUQH\7KDQN\RXP\IULHQG (ULN/HDIEODG\RX¶UHOLNHDWZLQEURWKHUDQGDELJEURWKHUDQGROGIULHQG DQGQHZIULHQGDQGLQWHOOHFWXDOVSDUULQJSDUWQHUDOOUROOHGLQWRRQH7ZRRI P\IDYRULWHSDUWVRIWKLVERRNJREDFNWRFRQYHUVDWLRQVZHKDGDWRQH$$5 PHHWLQJRUDQRWKHUDQGRQHRIWKHPDQ\RWKHUVDW6WDWLRQ7KHUHZDV VRPHWKLQJ DERXW D ³MLEEHU´ , MXVW FRXOGQ¶W ILJXUH RXW KRZ WR ZRUN LQ WKRXJK« 7LP -DURV] WKDQN \RXIRU PDNLQJ VXFK DEHDXWLIXO FRYHU , KRSH WKLV ERRNLVMXGJHGE\LWDWOHDVWLQSDUW

7KH7UXO\,QILQLWH8QLYHUVH

[L

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ohne Welt :KHQWKHXQLYHUVHEHDUVWKHVKDSHRIDVHOIHQFORVHG:KROHjODWUXH LQILQLWXGH *RG FDQQRW EH FRQFHSWXDOL]HG DV DQ XOWUDPXQGDQH 2EVHUYHU :KLOHWKLVSUHOLPLQDU\FRQFOXVLRQLVODUJHO\EDVHGRQDGLIIUDFWLYHUHDGLQJ RI+HJHODQG+DZNLQJLWLVDOVRIXQGHGE\WKHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGQRWLRQWKDW consciousness requires embodiment 1RWFRLQFLGHQWDOO\WKHRORJLDQVOLNH&UDLJZKRPDLQWDLQWKDW+DZNLQJ¶V SURSRVDO LV FRPSDWLEOH ZLWK WKH *RG RI FODVVLFDO &KULVWLDQ WKHLVP PXVW DUJXH SUHFLVHO\ WKH RSSRVLWH QDPHO\ WKDW FRQVFLRXVQHVV TXD UDWLRQDO LQWHQWLRQDO DJHQF\ GRHV QRW UHTXLUH HPERGLPHQW $JDLQ , GRQ¶W PHDQ WR UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ *RG DQG WKH SK\VLFDO ZRUOG´ &KULV ,VKDP ³&UHDWLRQ RI WKH 8QLYHUVHDVD4XDQWXP3URFHVV´LQPhysics, Philosophy, and Theology: A Common Quest for UnderstandingHG5REHUW-5XVVHOO:LOOLDP56WRHJHU6-*HRUJH 9&R\QH6-QGHG6FLHQWLILF3HUVSHFWLYHVRQ'LYLQH$FWLRQHG5REHUW-RKQ 5XVVHOO 1RWUH'DPH8QLYHUVLW\RI1RWUH'DPH3UHVV  NSTTOE TOEFIBHT &RXQWOHVVWKHRORJLDQVKROGWKLVSRVLWLRQ7KRPDV0RUULVIRULQVWDQFHVD\VWKDW ³*RG LV « D WKRURXJKO\ EHQHYROHQW QHFHVVDULO\ H[LVWHQW FRQVFLRXV DJHQW ZLWK XQOLPLWHG NQRZOHGJH DQG SRZHU ZKR LV WKH RQWRORJLFDOO\ LQGHSHQGHQW FUHDWLYH VRXUFHRIDOOHOVH´7KRPDV0RUULV³3HUIHFW%HLQJ7KHRORJ\´Nous   +HUH DUH EXW D IHZ H[DPSOHV RI RWKHUV ZKR PDNH VLPLODU FODLPV *UDFH -DQW]HQ God’s World, God’s Body 3KLODGHOSKLD :HVWPLQVWHU 3UHVV    3HWHUV ³&RVPRVDV&UHDWLRQ´:LOOLDP56WRHJHU6-³.H\'HYHORSPHQWVLQ 3K\VLFV&KDOOHQJLQJ3KLORVRSK\DQG7KHRORJ\´LQReligion and Science: History, Method, DialogueHG:0DUN5LFKDUGVRQDQG:HVOH\-:LOGPDQ 1HZQHVV@WKDWHPERGLHVWKHXQFDQQ\SRVLWLYLW\RI QRQEHLQJ,QFLGHQWDOO\+DZNLQJ¶VVWDWHPHQWWKDWDXQLYHUVHZKLFKHPHUJHV

WLPR LPRW LPRW

*RG:RUOG6XEMHFW



IURP VXFK D VWDWH ³ZRXOG VLPSO\ EH´ LV PLVOHDGLQJ )RU DV WKH +DUWOH +DZNLQJSURSRVDOLWVHOIGHPRQVWUDWHVWKHXQLYHUVHKDVQRWDOZD\VEHHQLQ D VWDWH RI FODVVLFDO GHWHUPLQDF\ DQG WKHUHIRUH LW KDV QRW DOZD\V VLPSO\ ³EHHQ´ +HUH DJDLQ ZH VHH MXVW KRZ WULFN\ LW FDQ EH WR WDON DERXW WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI DQ DJHILQLWH XQLYHUVH WKDW ODFNV D GLVFUHWH WHPSRUDO RULJLQ ZLWKRXWXQZLWWLQJO\UHO\LQJRQLQWULQVLFDOO\WHPSRUDOFRQFHSWV HJ³EHHQ´ ³HDUO\´DQG³EHJLQQLQJ´  5HDGLQJ WKH WKHRORJ\ XQGHUO\LQJ WKH +DUWOH+DZNLQJ SURSRVDO LQ D EURDGO\WULQLWDULDQIDVKLRQLVVXSSRUWHGQRWRQO\E\WKHFRUUHVSRQGHQFHRI WKHmeonicYDFXXPDQGWKHVSHFXODWLYHVXEMHFWEXWDOVRE\WKHSURJUHVVLRQ RI+HJHO¶VRZQDUJXPHQW5LJKWEHIRUHKHDIILUPVWKHWUXWKFRQWDLQHGLQWKH LGHDWKDW³*RGLVORYH´KHHTXDWHVWKHH[SUHVVLRQRI*RGLQWKHHWHUQDOLW\ RIWKHGLYLQHLGHDZLWKWKDWRIWKH³KRO\trinity´ +HJHOLVQRWMXVWFRQYHUWLQJ&KULVWLDQVorstellungenLQWRSKLORVRSKLFDO Begriffe IRU WKH IXQ RI LW QRU LV KH GRLQJ LW WR VXERUGLQDWH WKHRORJ\ WR SKLORVRSK\(DFKRIWKHVHFODLPVDERXWORYHDQGWULQLW\DUHLQWHJUDOVWHSVLQ D MRXUQH\ ZLWK D YHU\ VSHFLILF GHVWLQDWLRQ QDPHO\ WKH *RGZRUOG UHODWLRQVKLS )RU LW LV XOWLPDWHO\ ZLWK WKLV UHODWLRQVKLS WKDW KH EHJLQV WR GLVWLQJXLVK WKH WKHRORJLFDO LPSOLFDWLRQV RI VSHFXODWLYH WKRXJKW IURP ³FXVWRPDU\ZD\VRIWKLQNLQJ´DERXWWKHWRSLF ,QVRIDUDVWKH³LGHD´RIDFRQFHSWDOZD\VUHVXOWVLQWKHUHVROXWLRQRIWKH FRQWUDGLFWLRQVWKDWDUHQHFHVVDU\PRPHQWVRILWVSHFXODWLYHDQDO\VLVRIWKH divine ,GHD UHVROYHV LWV RZQ FRQWUDGLFWLRQV E\ UHFRQFLOLQJ DQ\ WHUPLQDO RQWRORJLFDOGLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQ*RGDQGZRUOG$VDQDVLGHLWLVLPSRUWDQW QRW WR FRQIODWH WKH +HJHOLDQ QRWLRQV RI ³FRQFHSW´ DQG ³LGHD´ 7KHUH LV D VXEWOH DQG LPSRUWDQW GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKHP DV :LQILHOG UHPLQGV XV ConceptLVWKDWZKLFKFRQWDLQVERWK³SDUWLFXODULW\´DQG³LQGLYLGXDOLW\´idea LV WKH XQLW\ RI ³FRQFHSW´ DQG ³REMHFWLYLW\´ 7KLV H[SODLQV ZK\ +HJHO¶V V\VWHP FRQFOXGHV QRW ZLWK WKH $EVROXWH Concept EXW ZLWK WKH $EVROXWH Idea %HFDXVH WKH ORYH RI *RG HQWDLOV D GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ RI WZR WKDW DUH QHYHUWKHOHVVQRWDEVROXWHO\VHSDUDWHIURPRQHRWKHUWKHUHVROXWLRQRIVDLG FRQWUDGLFWLRQLQQRZD\FROODSVHVRQH *RG LQWRWKHRWKHU ZRUOG ,QWKH ZRUGVRIWKH,ULVKURFNEDQG8³>7KH\¶UH@RQHEXWQRWWKHVDPH´7KHIXOO VSHFXODWLYH PHDQLQJ RI WKLV LGHD ZLOO UHPDLQ RSDTXH VR ORQJ DV ZH DEVROXWL]HWKHDEVWUDFWPRPHQWRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJ Verstand LQZKLFKFDVH LPRW +HJHO¶VHPSKDVLV  LPRFIW LPRW

 5LFKDUG 'LHQ :LQILHOG Hegel

and the Future of Systematic Philosophy 1HZ QHVV@ DQGWKHLUVKDUHGYDOXDWLRQRILPDJLQDU\FRQFHSWXDOVSDFHVHYHQWXDOO\OHGWR WKHFRQFOXVLRQWKDWWKH*RGZRUOGUHODWLRQVKLSVKRXOGILQDOO\EHXQGHUVWRRG LQ WHUPV RI WKH *RGZRUOGVXEMHFW UHODWLRQVKLS ,Q RWKHU ZRUGV LW ZDV SUHFLVHO\WKHVHFRQQHFWLRQVWKDWDOORZHGPHWRZRUNRXWWKHORJLFRI+HJHO¶V FRQWHQWLRQWKDWohne Welt ist Gott nicht GottLQWKHZD\,GLG7KHNH\KHUH LVXQGRXEWHGO\WKHP\VWLFDOGLPHQVLRQRIVSHFXODWLYHUHDVRQ:LWKWKDWLQ PLQGP\JRDOZDVDOVRWRVKRZWKDWVRPHWKLQJOLNHLWLVDFWXDOO\LPSOLHG E\TXDQWXPFRVPRORJ\LWVHOILQVRIDUDVTXDQWXPFRVPRORJ\KDVWRGRZLWK FORVHG V\VWHPV ZKHUHLQ WKHUH LV QR DEVROXWH VHSDUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ NQRZHUNQRZQ7KLVXOWLPDWHO\VHUYHGWRVKRZKRZDGLIIUDFWLYHUHDGLQJRI +DUWOH+DZNLQJ FRVPRORJ\ WKDW DFFRXQWV IRU WKH P\VWLFDO GLPHQVLRQ RI VSHFXODWLYHSKLORVRSK\DPRXQWVWRDQH[SRVLWLRQRI*RG¶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genuine partnership LQ WKH SUHYLRXV VHQWHQFH DUH LPSRUWDQW IRU D SURSHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKDWWKLVSURMHFWLVDOODERXW2QWKHRQHKDQGWKH LGHD LV LQGLFDWLYH RI WKH IXQGDPHQWDO FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKHRUHWLFDO FRVPRORJ\SKLORVRSK\DQGWKHRORJ\DQLGHD,VXEVWDQWLDWHGLQWHUPVRIWKH ORJLF RI HDFK GLVFLSOLQH 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG ³JHQXLQH SDUWQHUVKLS´ LV LQGLFDWLYHRIDGHVLUHWRGRDYHU\SDUWLFXODUNLQGRILQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ZRUN QDPHO\ D NLQG RI trans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¶VWKRXJKWLQWRFRQYHUVDWLRQZLWKFRQWHPSRUDU\



&RQFOXVLRQ

VFLHQFHLQOLJKWRI(UURO+DUULV¶FRQWHQWLRQWKDWLW³RXJKWWREHFRPHPRUH WRSLFDO WKDQ LW KDV HYHU EHHQ´ +DUULV¶ FRPPHQW KDV KDXQWHG PH DV ,¶YH ZRUNHG RQ WKLV SURMHFW EXW LQ D JRRG ZD\ :KLOH WKLV SDXFLW\ RI WKRURXJKJRLQJ LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ ZRUN LQYROYLQJ +HJHO LV ZRUWK\ RI DWWHQWLRQLQLWVRZQULJKWP\JRDOKHUHZDVQRWWRH[SODLQWKHUHDVRQIRUWKH H[LVWHQFHRIWKLVYRLGEXWUDWKHUWREHJLQILOOLQJLW :LWK UHVSHFW WR WKH SRVVLELOLW\ RI FDUU\LQJ RXW D PRUH VXVWDLQHG FRQYHUVDWLRQ ZLWK +HJHO DQG WKH VFLHQFHV WKHUH DUH D IHZ TXHVWLRQV WKDW QDWXUDOO\ IORZ IURP P\ FODLP WKDW WKH SK\VLFDO XQLYHUVH RI WKH +DUWOH +DZNLQJSURSRVDOLVFRQFHSWXDOO\LVRPRUSKLFZLWKWKHPHWDSK\VLFVRIWUXH LQILQLWXGH%HFDXVHP\RYHUDUFKLQJJRDOKHUHZDVWRH[SORUHWKHWKHRORJLFDO UDPLILFDWLRQV RI D WUXO\ LQILQLWH XQLYHUVH LQ D SKLORVRSKLFDOO\ ULJRURXV PDQQHU DQG LQ OLJKW RI D VSHFLILF VFLHQWLILF WKHRU\ , KDG WR OHDYH VRPH TXHVWLRQVXQDQVZHUHG )RULQVWDQFH,ZDVQRWDEOHWRJLYHVXIILFLHQWDWWHQWLRQWRWKHZD\WKH +DUWOH+DZNLQJ SURSRVDO DGGUHVVHV WKH TXHVWLRQ RI JOREDO WRSRORJ\ ZLWK UHVSHFWWRWKHG\QDPLFVRIWUXHLQILQLWXGH*LYHQWKHHPSKDVLV,SODFHGRQ WKHVLPLODULWLHVEHWZHHQ+DZNLQJ¶VFRVPRORJ\DQG+HJHO¶VSKLORVRSK\LW LVZRUWKSRLQWLQJRXWWKDWWKLVWKHJOREDOWRSRORJ\TXHVWLRQLVRQHSODFH ZKHUHWKHWZRSRWHQWLDOO\FRPHLQWRFRQIOLFW:LWKRXWJHWWLQJLQWRDOOWKH QLWW\JULWW\ GHWDLOV KHUH WKH EDVLF LGHD LV WKDW ZKLOH WKH +DUWOH+DZNLQJ SURSRVDOLVFOHDUWKDWDXQLYHUVHZLWKDVLPSO\FRQQHFWHGWRSRORJ\LVPRUH OLNHO\WRHPHUJHIURPWKHTXDQWXPYDFXXPWKDQRQHZLWKDPRUHFRPSOH[ FRQQHFWLYLW\DQDUJXPHQWFDQEHPDGHWKDWVSHFXODWLYHWKRXJKWUHTXLUHVWKH XQLYHUVHWRKDYHDPXOWLSO\FRQQHFWHGWRSRORJ\$WILUVWEOXVKWKLVPLJKW VHHP OLNH DQRWKHU TXHVWLRQ WKDW LV EHVW OHIW WR VFLHQWLVWV +RZHYHU LQ WKH VDPHZD\WKDWWKHTXHVWLRQRIWKHXQLYHUVH¶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

(UURO(+DUULVThe

Spirit of Hegel 1HZ-HUVH\+XPDQLWLHV3UHVV YLL

$XWRSRLHWLF0|ELXV8QLYHUVHVDQG,PPRUWDO'LDPRQG1HWV



7R XQGHUVWDQG WKH VLJQLILFDQFH RI WKLV GLVFUHSDQF\ LQ GLPHQVLRQDOLW\ DQG WKXV WKH XQLTXH LQVLJKW WKDW VSHFXODWLYH WKRXJKW KDV WR RIIHU LQWR WKH JOREDOWRSRORJ\LVVXHFRQVLGHUWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQDVSKHUH ZKLFKLV VLPSO\ FRQQHFWHG  DQG D WRUXV ZKLFK LV PXOWLSO\ FRQQHFWHG  7KH  VSKHUH LH D K\SHUVSKHUH  DV D ZKROH LV D IRXUGLPHQVLRQDO PDQLIROG ZKHUHDVLWVVXUIDFHLVWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO7KHUHLVQRVXFKGLVFUHSDQF\LQ WKHGLPHQVLRQDOLW\RIDWRUXV IRUWKHVLPSOHUHDVRQWKDWLWGRHVQ¶WHYHQ KDYH D VXUIDFH LQ WKH ILUVW SODFH ,Q VXP LQ QRQVLPSO\ FRQQHFWHG WRSRORJLFDOVSDFHVVXFKDVWKHWRUXVWKHUHLVQRIXQGDPHQWDOGLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ LWV H[WHUQDO DQG LQWHUQDO VXUIDFHV $ 0|ELXV VWULS LV D ORZHU GLPHQVLRQDO DQDORJXH RI ZKDW WKLV ORRNV OLNH WKHUH LV QR GLVFHUQLEOH GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHWZRµVLGHV¶RIWKHVWULSEHFDXVHRIWKHZD\LWIROGV EDFNRQWRLWVHOIDQGIRUPVDVHOIHQFORVHGZKROH7KHXQLTXHIHDWXUHRID QRQVLPSO\FRQQHFWHGHQWLW\OLNHWKHWRUXVLVWKDWLWLVVSDWLDOO\ILQLWHEXW QRWERXQGE\DVXUIDFH1RWLFHWKDWZKLOHWKHVSKHUHLVHTXDOO\ILQLWHLQ YROXPHLWis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¶W OHDYH XV ZLWK D GLVFUHSDQF\ LQ GLPHQVLRQV 7LPH WKHQ FRXOG EH XQGHUVWRRG LQ WHUPV RI WKH FKDQJH LQ UHODWLRQVKLS RI UHODWLYHO\ DXWRQRPRXV HQWLWLHV LQ D SDUWLFXODU FORVHG PDQLIROG UDWKHU WKDQ DV WKH DQDORJXHRIDKLJKHUVSDWLDOGLPHQVLRQ,QVXPZKHQLWFRPHVWRPRGHOLQJ WKHXQLYHUVH¶VJOREDOWRSRORJ\ZHQHHGDILJXUHWKDWGRHVQRWVPXJJOHLQ DQH[WUDVSDWLDOGLPHQVLRQDQGPHUHO\ODEHOLWDVWHPSRUDO +HUH LV ZKHUH VSHFXODWLYH WKRXJKW FRPHV LQ WKH ORJLF RI Aufhebung VXEODWLRQ ZKHQHOXFLGDWHGLQWHUPVRIWKH0|ELXVVWULS ZLWKLWVIROGLQJ EDFNRQLWVHOIDQGWKHSDUDGR[LFDOVXEYHUVLRQRIGLPHQVLRQDOLW\WKDWHQVXHV 



&RQFOXVLRQ

KDVWKHSRZHUWRVKRZKRZWKHSK\VLFDOXQLYHUVHFDQEHDUWKHVKDSHRID WUXO\ LQILQLWH PXOWLSO\ FRQQHFWHG WRSRORJLFDO VSDFH VXFK DV D WRUXV  ZLWKRXWVPXJJOLQJLQDQH[WUDVSDWLDOGLPHQVLRQDQGDUELWUDULO\ODEHOLQJLW DVWHPSRUDORQWKHRQHKDQGDQGZLWKRXWLJQRULQJWKHLQVLJKWVRIWKH+DUWOH +DZNLQJ SURSRVDO FRQFHUQLQJ WKH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH XQLYHUVH¶V GLPHQVLRQDOLW\LQUHDODQGLPDJLQDU\WHPSRUDOPRGDOLWLHVRQWKHRWKHU 7KLVLVQRWWKHRQO\DUHDRILQTXLU\RSHQHGXSE\WKHXQFDQQ\SDUDOOHOV EHWZHHQ+DZNLQJFRVPRORJ\DQG+HJHO¶VSKLORVRSK\DVGHYHORSHGKHUH $QRWKHU FDQ EH IRXQG DW WKH QH[XV RI P\ LGHD WKDW ZKDW LW LV WKDW LV FRQWUDGLFWHG LQ ILQLWH HQWLWLHV DQG WKXV XOWLPDWHO\ UHODWHG WR LWVHOI LQ WKH $EVROXWH LV nothing DQG äLåHN¶V FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW WKH SKLORVRSKLFDO FRQVHTXHQFHVRITXDQWXPPHFKDQLFVKDYH\HWWREHIXOO\XQSDFNHG7KH TXHVWLRQUDLVHGLVHVVHQWLDOO\WKLV,IWKHFRXQWHULQWXLWLYHLGHDOLVWPHWDSK\VLFV DW WKH FRUH RI TXDQWXP FRVPRORJ\ DQG TXDQWXP PHFKDQLFV LQ D QRQ LQVWUXPHQWDOLVW &RSHQKDJHQ LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ  LV WDNHQ WR LWV ORJLFDO HQG ZKHUHLQ WKH DFW RI WKH SHUFHLYLQJ VXEMHFW LV XQGHUVWRRG HLWKHU DV WKH ³TXLOWLQJSRLQW´WKDWVXWXUHVWKHLQGHWHUPLQDF\RIWKHTXDQWXPUHDOPLQWR VRPHWKLQJGHWHUPLQDWHE\FROODSVLQJWKHZDYHIXQFWLRQRUDVWKHDJHQWWKDW UHWURDFWLYHO\DFWXDOL]HVWKHXQLYHUVH¶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²+HJHOLVQRW%HUNHOH\,WRQO\ PHDQV WKDW WKH HYROXWLRQRU WUDQVLWLRQIURP LQHUW PDWWHU WRVHOIFRQVFLRXV OLIHFDQQRWEHSHUIHFWO\linearDWWKHWHPSRUDOOHYHO 7KHFKDOOHQJHLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJZKDWLVDWVWDNHKHUHLVGLUHFWO\UHODWHG WR ZKDW äLåHNFRQVLGHUV WR EH WKHNH\SKLORVRSKLFDO SUREOHP RIRXUGD\ QDPHO\ WKH TXHVWLRQ RI ZKHWKHU WKH WUDQVFHQGHQWDO GLPHQVLRQ LV WKH 6ODYRM äLåHN Less Than Nothing: Hegel and the Shadow of Dialectical Materialism /RQGRQDQG1HZQHVV@ LQWKH FRPLQJ WR EH RI SXUSRVLYH WHOHRORJLFDO SKHQRPHQD EXW LW GRHVQ¶W UHDOO\ KDYH URRP IRU DQ\WKLQJ UHVHPEOLQJ VSHFXODWLYH UHWURDFWLYLW\ $OO WROG 'HDFRQ¶VDUJXPHQWEHDUVWKHOLQHDULW\FKDUDFWHULVWLFRIPRVWHYROXWLRQDU\ SDUDGLJPVZKLFKLVILQHIRUDQVZHULQJVRPHTXHVWLRQV HJWKHGHVFHQWRI WKHKXPDQVSHFLHVIURPQRQKXPDQVSHFLHV EXWLQDGHTXDWHIRURWKHUV HJ WKHRULJLQVRIVXEMHFWLYLW\  7DNLQJWKHORJLFRIWKHLGHDOLW\RIWKHILQLWHWRLWVHQGZLOOUHTXLUHDQ HYHQPRUHVXVWDLQHGDQGSURIRXQGUHWKLQNLQJRIWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ $JRQ+DP]D³*RLQJWR2QH V*URXQG=L]HN V'LDOHFWLFDO0DWHULDOLVP´LQSlavoj

Žižek and Dialectical MaterialismHG$JRQ+DP]DDQG)UDQN5XGD 1HZ