The Secret Teachings of all Ages [First Thus ed.] 1604590955, 9781604590951

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“A misterfiit stimsiijitinn ot the esoirrie tr^chings ot the agc.'i."

I

RW»W^U^^itin4Rv

JtrJ^ani

e O ET lOKJ

MANLY

P. HALL

‘'Manly Hall's great work a^dassre in the wcrld's liLeraLUfc. It will guidi.- historians, phiioscsphers, and lay seekers of esoteric wisdcnti for centuries. — I’jjLiAfc Mitchell, Sc.D,, ApoJUv Asiitoiiatit

TKe Seer»et7

Te^acKing s ‘of

yiLL y^ges READER'S

tnlTlON

MANLY CQLOF:

ILLHHTRATldilS

P. BY J.

HALL AUGUSTUS

kCNAPF

Jbhemy F. TAR-n.HKKi'i‘Bifn;u[N aiii^mbLroflYnjsyin fliMip(LISA) Inc. .Ysw if&ri#

In 1 HRPURTATl

li¥ THE

SttllfcT TeAIIHINHS CONt^EALEIl WITHIN THE RJTLIALN, AlLEHORIES anh M\httries or the Ages

TKe

TeacKTngs

yvLL

es READER'S

EDITION

An En cyclop ed ic Outline ofMa.iomCf flermeticj Qahhalistic and Rosierucian Symbolical Eltilcsopky

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This booh is dedicated to the Rational Soul of the World

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ContTents

p^r'ii-paoe Ici t-'Ke Rtactcrp''s ■I'etiltciii

I

|^>e|/*ir.n To tlxir ni ^iticKrcd ‘Siibllee

3

FL»n«:iVol'‘J

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5

Intpoduv-ti-on

13

FK-e Aii^.5;.«n,trfrkya1.ifit>t.u5 and Sc’n'.pet SocLett.** WhtGh

rn|f words-An intTwIuction to tlic

2d6

Pythagoreiiii theory- of iiuinfHit-a-- 'llie 5jew ttfEratosthcaiea- - The

nicaflitij^fi of tfie leii nonilwrs

JtV

rKeTIrjffian

In Ri^ml^otLani

The pliiluiMiphical riLiitiikiti— Tfte three 11 ui vcFsaJ centers—The tenipleii OiFiiiittiitjon—Tin? hand in flytnhotEHm—Thejpeater and IcaBCT niftrl ' - Tlie AiSllir(][icis,or Overaoul

X^-'I 7Ti,lism—The ctIocs of the spectrum and the musical scale—Zodiacal and planetajy colors

W'lri h tsKes, ftiBCio-tijs, AncTnal-j*^ ReptileSj, and PART I Jonah and the Hiialc—The fxsll. the synilKtl of Clirist - The Egyptian scara]>—JlipitcrV The serpent of wisdom-The sacred crocodile

[XX

ftshcH, fnseiits!^ sATit-maLs^ Rivpl.-flesj nrtLf>gy--TKe incubus aiKl suecubui—V^umpirijim XXIV ‘Hflrrnefltc phiipmaCoLogy,

mistily,

and 'JTnJeT'^ipeutlfts The hcdlitig methods of?arace1su!!—Piiliug^sncais—Heniieiic

343

(IteorieSi concerning the cauae of Jjieasc—Mcdlcjiuil properties of herbs The use rtf drugs i Hi ihc Mysteries —The sect of die .'iLSSassins XXV Tfie tKe Doetl^lne oj? ?st>aeL TIk wnttenand utivi'rittcn lawa—The origin of die Qabbalishc wriiiiigs—Rahhi simeoti hcnjochai—I’lie great QaJibatistic booka— Tire chvt&iuijij of the QabbidJatic evatem—The Sejdier Yecaira h XXVI FundarnentoU of (^abbaUEtitt CoRmo^ony AIN SOPil and die &isinlc Egg—llic Qabbaliatic sptem cjf ^vorlde—The Qabbaliitle ititefprelil tinn of E^eldel'S vision—The great imiigc of Nebuchadnezzar’s dream—The Grand Man ofdtfi

356

371

universe—Tlie Eifiy gates oflife XXV il Tl-io Tpee oftke SapKimlTk Tile i]i[rcy-twi> paths Dfiviadom—Tlie Greater and the Lesser Fatie— Kircher’a Sepliirotluc Tree—The mystery of Duadi—Tlvc three pillars supporting die SepliirotJiic Tree—The four letters of die

335

Siicred Naane XXVm ^Hobbeilisli.!!. totke CoeatTLon of Hlon Gcmatria, Notiilfikon,and Temurah—The Einhim—The four Adams—Arabian LraJitloiia Cont emitig Adam—Adam as lhc arciietype of mankind—Tlic Early Ghristian Clmrcia oti dre subject rtf marriage XXIX An Analyses of tile Tarot (farads

395

409

The origin of playing cards—I’hc rota nuLridi of tlie RuslcrudatlS— The problem ofTanLH symbolism—The nnrmmbericd card-The svmbolism of the tis’entyone major truliipti—I'fie a-uit CUrds

XXX Tlie Tab«pnaele in tke Wildepness Moses, tlie Egyptian initiate—Tltc hulldlngoFtlie Tabernacle-The fumiliiiiiigs of tlic Tabernacle Tlic Ark of tlie Covenant The Rohes oFGIon^—The Urim and TlTummim

XXXI The Fi’rt to lenity uf the RoSi e Cl-pci»s riic life tifiddscr C.K..C. - Jtjlianii Valentin Aiidrca:—The alcbcniicAl teachings of tlic Rt.isicn]ciau3—higtiificance of tlte Rose Cross ■ The Rojsicruciaii Temple -Tlie adepia ciftlie Rose Cross

4^7

441

XWlI Pii'iist'FPU'P.'E-tiiv Doeti'i.iitis-aiiid Tc'fjtft-B I’hc Cptifmip Frnlfrtt ifjihs- -'/ if AtmUijny

455 J [»hi|

t.iii Ksllegia StEinniru e, the pcrsoniftcadoil td'L'lljvit;r.SaJ WLsduiu Freemasonry’s priceless herilaige

552

566

579

St-, Ir^riHnjii ail file liteof Cjins-t—-Tlsc ungLtlsl n^me afJeiLLS TTtc Ckriitened man—Tlie Essence—The Arthurian cycle—Merlin the Mage XLII Thp Cr^cras and the Cpuc^vxr'ftii The Autea Legcnda—The lo-rt librariea of Alexandria— The craaii Iti pagan symbolism—The crut;Hi!tiaiii,a cosmic atlegaiy— The crucifixion ofQuetzalcoaLl—llie nails of the Pajsiun Xl.m The oj?tile ■^J^ealrtpse The sacred City of Ephesus—Tlie authonihip of tlie Apocalypse— The Alpha and t.,)inega—The Lamh of Gad—The Four Morsemen

fill?

The iiumlier of the hcast XI IV The TaltK of IsUni Tlie life orMaliiinLillcd—The rei'dalion af t3ie Koran—The Valedictory pilgfiinagc ■ ■ ITie lomh of die Proplict - The Caalia ai Mecca—'Hie aecret doctrine of Islam X1,V Amepicon ind-tan SijniboLtsiid Tlie ceremony oftlic peace jjipc—The hiaEuritaJ; Hiawatha—The Fi>pt?i yn/i—American Indian fiofcery—The Mysteries af Kihalba —

613

633

The MidewiW'itI

Xl.V'l Tlie niiijsteri.fls art clThoTi’tmisasnies The Golden tlhain of H □EEier—Hypatia, the Alexandrian Neo-Plato-nist—The “divine’’ Caj^uiiira—^li* Comte de SL-Gcnnaiii-TEic designing of the American flag—The Declaratiotl of IndepcEtdencc X1,VU Co ji CL fusion

fii?

661

pi i.h 1.1 o ^ r'/t p

673

index

6^3

About,'til* Au'tiinp

7S5

t7o tx'Ke Readej^^s CditrLon

hat TOU licaltj in your hand^ is a volume ol' die ages. Ori^liialljr piLbluliccf in 1928 bjf ilie inystkaJl scEudar an»-’'-i'~^

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- Hit

-^ *• tifipilll mi^'' j •■f*

--'-... ***>»^ J < ^ • tT'fi-*-

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'Diir life a* it has in mine.

—Henry L- Drake Vice President Philojiopliical Resea neli Society

1975

this contrLbutinii by our friend

iimenoLis volumes 1 tavc been wrilten as cxsiiiiiLentaries updii (iic secreL M'stems of ftlulosophy

iu iJte xtrideul

worlci, bjt the ageless truLlis of life, like liiany of tJie earib^s greatest thiitkers, have usually !>eeo olotlied j,n shabby garmerits. TJie present work is sin attempt to supjily a tome wortliy ofijiose seers

a»d

sagps wlujse thougl iLi a re the substance of its

Tcj bring about this coaleseettct- of Beauty atulTmtli Itas proved mmi cosdy. but 1 heliev-e that the rejiul twill pjoiiucc an etfect u|toTt die mijitl of the reader which will murt thanjustily the expenditure. Work ujion the teat of diis volunie was begun tlie first day ol'jannary; 1926* and has continued aJmost iinirtcrniptedly for over two yearsrl'lie gieatcr pan of the research wisrk, how^ever^ w-as carried on prior to the writing of the manuscript. The collection of reference material was beKun in 1921, and three vears later die pFans for die botik took definite lorni. For die sake of clarity, all foot¬ notes w^ere eliminated, the various quotatiouji and referenepji to otlier audior.H being ennbodied in the text in their logical orcten Tlic Jribliography is appended primarily to assist tlmiie interested in sele^.tingfor liLtnrt; study the mo.st authori¬ tative and importaiu itenia dealing widi jiliiJoHophy and syinbolisni. To make readily aocensibie the abstruse infomiadan contained in die boak, an claboiaie topical CTfjss iiidex is included. I make no claun f'eir either the inla]jil>L|iry or the origicntlity' ol'any .statcmcjit herein contained, f ha^-n; studied the fragmentary writings oftlse andetiLS. snEliciently to realize that doginatie utterances concerning their tenets are worse diats IboJEiardyTraditionaJisui is thecmrsic nfmodem plii3o5ophy,pariicnlady that of tlie Europeiin schools. While cnany of the statcinetits tiuiu-iined in tliis treatise may apjjear at first wildly fantastic, 1 liave sincerely endeavored to refrain ftinu haphazard metaphysical speculatio'n, prefieotiog tlic mate rial

(ar as possible

in the spirit radier dian the letter of tlie original antiiors. By assuinirig respon¬ sibility only for the [ih^takes which may appear herein, I hope Ut c-soape the 9

P-EtfACE

acct].Ha.ii[Hi fjl'’ pJjgiJinsni whtcli lists Iwieii directed

ticarly every writer cui

the subject oFmystical pbi^^sophy. Havitignopstrtlciilai't.Trff ofiny uwii lo jiroTtmlgate., J bavc rnjt atEcnipted tu Livist tlie originHl wriiirigs to siibstaiLLiate preconceived QotioitSn

have I dis-

torted doctrines in jny efEiirl Ctj I'ccoiicilc the irrecfiiicilaJrlc rlifFereirccs prcsetit ill the various Nysteiifis ol’rdt^H>])Jiiloaophic thmiglit. Tlie ejttii'c dieoiT oF die book is cliaTciciricaHy uppnsed to die motlcrn uiclJickJ [)t‘ thiiikinif^ Idr ii i* conccrrjcct widi subjects openly ridiculed by ihc sfjphisLs of the twcNiietli century. Its Em* |:3iU'pose is to inlrotluce die mind of (he reader to a bypothciis oEiivin^ wholly lieyoiid the pale ol inktenaiiatic ihcoh sgy. philosu|iihv. or science. 'I’hc mass of abstruse materia] belween its arvers is not !4i.jfii:e])ii]ile to perfect or^gaiUKatioti^ but so far as posfttble related topics Fmve beets p’tuiped tnjijetlicr. hiicli as the F.[ij:5]tfih lanpiaj^e is in media of expression, it is curiouHly lack¬ ing in

fiuitaJjle to tbe cxinveyaoce of abstract philosophical jiremlses. A

oertitin iiituidve p^sp of ibe Hiibtter meanings concealetl widnti grotifrs ot inadeejuate words is tscccsMary therelbre to an luidcrstiiiwliTig o( die ancient Mystery Teachings, Aldkougli die niajoiity of the itcnis in die bibliography arc in my own library, J wish to aeknowled^ graieliilly die assistance rendered by llic Pohlic Libraries of San Francisco and Los Angeles, die libraries of the Scoilis]i Rite in .Sun. Fi-jiiciiico and Liis Angeles, the libraries of tiu' Univ'crsiiy of California in Rej'keiey and Los Angeles, the MeeJianits' Library in San FraticLco, atid die Krotona rbeosopineal Library' at O]ai,tlal]tomia. Special recognition for tbeir he)]] is also doc ti) die folloiving persoimz Mrs. Max fleandei, Mrs. AJicc PalmtT Henderson, Mr. Ernest Dawson and stalLMr.Jolin ]lovi.'el]. Mr. Paid Elder, Mr. Pliiilip Watson Hackett, and Mr. John It. Ruckstcll. Single hooks were lent hy other persons and organisations, to wlioui tbiinks arc also givenT!ie mistier id tracislalioiL was the j^reaijest single cask in die research si'ork Incident to die preparadmi Lil'diis voltune. The necessary Cerman translations, which required nearly diree years, were generously undertaken by Mr. Alfred Bcri. who declined all rcmunciation ibr liis labor. Tlie Latin, Italian, French, iirtl Spanish tranHlatlnns wetc made by PtoLllonicr T. Laiie. Tlic Hebrew texi was eiliied by Rahbi Jui.:[ib M, Alkow. MisccIlaiictJus short translations and idieckciLg also were done by various inilw'idnaU. The editoi'kii work waa under die sLipen'isiorii of Dr, C. B. Rowdingsoii, diroiigli wdiose able eflbrts Itieraiy order was olten brought out of literary chaos. Special recognition is also due die services rendered by Mr. Robert B, Tiim-

P B E FAC E

inonds, lif die stiiiroE E1, .S, {.Ij ocker ClompaiiTf, Tnc., to wlifim were assigned die tethnica] (IjIfiralticH ol'tilting ihe text tnatter iiju» iti aUotted space, For much ol' die literary^ cEiami ofiJic work f am also indebted Uy Mr. M. M. Saxton, to wlioni tlie entire nianiisciiptwas first dietaEcd atid irj w'honi was also entrusted itse prepa¬

ration nftlie intlcx/llie splendid eiroits olMrJ. AugiEstus Knapp, llie iOiistrator,have resriEted in a series nfcnlo]' plates whidi add materially to die beauty and conipleteness: of tlie w ork. TEit [ihntiiis of the book was in tfie liarids of Mn Frederic.-k E. KeafiL of H. fi, Crocker Company, Inc., irt Jiosc great fiersoitaJ mterthHtiii tlie volume has been immifested by- an uiiiiHng effort

iniprfive die quaJily thereof, Tlirrnjgh

tfic gracious cooperation of Dr. John Henryk Nash, the foremust cEcsigner of prindng rui tlie American Catidnent, the bo4>k appears in a unique and appro¬ priate form, eriibodyinj;^ die finest elements oftlie printer’s craft. An increase in the iiuinber of plates and alsu a finer quality' of workmanship than was first coutemplaied haw been made iiossibic by Mr. C. H Bensmi, of the Los Angeles Engraving Company. wEio entered Eieart and snui into the prxidiiction of this volume. The pre-]3ubliciition sale of this book fia-s been witliout known priced etit. The iuliscription list Ibr the first edition of550 copies was dosed a yeaj- tieforc the manuficripi was given to the printfiir.Th.e second, or King Soimuon, edition, 5.50 copies; die third, orTheo.Hophica], ed]Ll[]rn200 mpies; and the fnurtfnor fbisitruciaai, edition, 100 copies, went' sold before the finishet] volume was received from the prniter. For so ambitious a pioducdon, this constitutes a unique aidiievement. Tlic l:red.lt for tills extraordinary sales jirogram belongs to Mrs, .Maud F, fraltgher,wlio liad as her ideal not lo sell the book in die cormnercial sense of the wool hut lo place it in the hands of those particnlaHy interested hi die subject matter jl ctnitains. Venable assistance in diLs respect was also rtJidered by- minierous friends ivho had attended my lectures and who withoiit comjMiisatiun ondeTlMkand soocCNJifully accomplislied die distriEmtiun ofdte hook. In conclniioin the author wishes m acknowledge gratefully his indebtedness [o each one of die horMlreds of subscriberiH through wlio.se advance ]3aynieiiLs dst jiubltcalion of tEiis folio was made possible. To undertake the eiifjrjn(>n.s expense involved was entirely beyond liis imliviLtual nieaiLS at id thoM who invested in the volume liad nu a.S!turanct; of its produttiem and no seein ity other tfian tlieir EiiElh in the integrity of die w-riten t sincerely hope diat each reader will profit from the permuJ nf this book, ei^icn as I have profited Ironi die wxiting of it. The years of labor and tliought

H

13

PR E fAC E

expended upvi; it luve meam much to nit, Tlie rescareli ivnrk discovered to me many great tnidisi die writing of it diseovered to me liie Jaws of arder and patience; the piiiidjig of it discovered Ut me newwonderir oi the arts anci ei'afts: atid die whole eitterprise lias discovered to me a Tind diode of friends whom tuhenvtse 1 miglit never liave known. And so.in tlic words ofjohn Bunyan:

fpfuned If dpjjvra, uiiiitaf last ff «rjn^ tit be^ ftn- l^^^tgtk and IrreiuUh.. fhf;. bi^^s ufhkkymm.

— Masi.t P. ItIall Jjtfi Aiigeics, California Mav28, l&i;«

I

f

o du.c'tt/ori

Eiilosopliy

the sijien^ tlieir causes [Hobbes]; The science of iinfficiettl rcasona [Leiljoitjs]; 'FTe acienoc of tilings puaaibJe, inasmudi as they areposaibJe ]Wuirf; The science of tJimgs evideiidy deduced fi-ism first princi¬ ples [Descartes]; The science ol' truths, setiiiiFilt: arid abstract [de Cmidillacf; The apjdieation oi'reason to its le>^itimale objecoi fleniiemaun]; The edeuce of the relations of all bkow-krlgc to the tteceiisary e3ld^d of human ratson [Kant]; The science of tlic original lorm uf the ego or mental self [Krug]; Tlie science uf SicieiK'cs [Fichte]; The science of die absolute [von ychelilogj; 7’he scierKx: ol' die absolute iiidiflererKic of the ideal au7iil die fame id SocraEcs, Aristippus foiirncyed uj Athens and applied liimseLf trj the tcaeiiiiigs of die gital Skeptic. Soerdtea, paijicd by tlie voluptuous aud raeTcenary tendeneies ol’Ai'istippiis, vainly laborcti Tn reft j tin the you tag tnan. Ariadppmi lias the djstimrtioii of being consistent in pnnciple and jirdctice, lor lie Ih-ed in perfect haniimiy with hia philosu]iby tliaL the quest of pleitSLire was the eliief puqiosc of life. The doetiines ol tht Cyrenaics may he sLitiuiiarized ihm: .'kll tlut is acinally knowi conccniug any object or eondilion is the feeling which it awakens in inati s own nature- Jn the sphere of etliiea dial which awakens the rno«t |ileasaiiE feeling is ouise' (iriendy to he esteemed

die greatest gt>od. EniaUunai reactions are clat-^ified.

a:^ pleasant or gentle, hai'ith, and inciin. The end ofpleasant ennnion ia pleasure; the end ofbar.Hh emotionjgrief; llicend tjftnean eEiiotion, nutliing. Tln[jug]i inenlaJ perversity sume men do not tichirc pleasure, lit reality, however, pleasure [esjjedalJy ol a pJiysical tiature) is die true end of eNi-rtem-^e and CKOcediv iit every w-ay nientaJ and s|.5intiijl etijoyjneiits. Pleasure, furlltermure, is hinited wholly to the monittiL; m/ii’ is die otily time. The p-jHt caniiLit he regarded without regret amJ die liitui'e eaniiot be laced wilhouL misgiving; therefore neither i.n conducive to pleasure. Mo man .Hhrmld grieve, for grief is the most serioiiH of all diseases. Nature [.H rinits man to do aoydiitig he desires: he is limited only by Ids own laws and tmstoniii. ,A jdnlosopher is one free from envy, love, and superstition, and wiioiie days are one long round of plea-sm e. Tnthdgenese wici thus elevated by .Aristippus to the ehiefprjsitioti anioiLg die virtues. He llirther declared philosopliets to differ markedly from otlier [iien in diat diey alone woiJd not change the order of tJieir lives if all the laws ol'men were abol¬ ished. Among pnmuneut plnlosEqihers udliLcticed by dte Cyreiiaic doetiiues were Hegt^Hlas. .Ammccns.TlieruJijru.'i. and fliom The iiecL of die

pliilosophers tustituted by frlato {4Si7-347 li.L.)

was divided into dnec major jMirts—the oltl, the middle, and the ueiv Academy. Among the old .Acadciiiks were Speusippus, Zeiiocrates, hjlcinaci, Cnitcs, ami Crantor. ArceslIauH institnuid the middle .AeatlcTuy and Carneatles founded the new. Chief among the riiawters of Plato ivas -Socraleii. Plato traveled witlely and iVJS initiated hy the EgyptiaEi.H iilto tlit: pi'ofondLELts ol Hc:rE]ieiJi: |.i]'i]|[].Hi)]]liy, I le iilsEj derived much from the Lhictriues of die PydiagoreaiLs. Cieeni deiiurihe.s the

IMTfCDDUCTrOhl

Uirccfbld LKsiigtitudciri (it j'lELLi»iLii; pljiEosojjliijf as coiiipnuijig etJijfs^ f>f]ysics.aiid djalctnica. Fluitj

;rri[!'f/

■a\

tlireefblil in clisirdcien gcjnsd ikj ihc souE.

txfjrtsscd tlii'kjiigh die viridca; gfhtid iti tlic bcHly^esjJvcsseLl llLivugh uy

syinmc-

and tiiduraiKx or die ijarrai and good in lIk- estcrciiil >vnn the jjostulaijnii nf tJirce orders of being: dial which irinves untnoved. ihaf which is Jielt-Tnovcd, aiid that whidi is mnved. lliat which is iniiTior'abic but nuives is atiterinr ro that wlitcfi is scif-nioveJ, which likewise is anteiior to that wLicii it moves. Tliat in which juotiim is inher^ ent caiuiot ]>c se[Mrated from its motive powen it ia dierel'ore incapable nfdissoiulicmr Of such iiaiurc are die iiitmortals. lhat wfiich has inotinii irnparted to it Ifojti another can be sejjanitcd liuin the source oi'its aniniadng priiw:ip1c; it is tJierelbine subject to dbiaolntinu. Of sncJi nature are mortal beings, ^juperiur lo both die luorlds and the iniiun rtals is diat conditiiin which coiidmially moves yet itself is unmoved. To this conadtntKni the power oftilndaiioe ia inherent; it is dierefore the Divine Permanence upon wluc li ail things are established. Being nobler even than acli-niodon. die unnioved Mnver is the hrsL oE'aJI dignities. 1’he Platonic discipline was Ebmided npuit the tJicoiy diat kantiug is really reminis¬ cence, or the bringing in|o objectiviLV ui'knowlcdjFit': fonneHy actEtiircd by die soul in a previous stare of c.^istencc. At die eiuraitce of the Plalunic school iu die Academy were written die woids: “Let none ignorant oE'gcvmetiv enter here.” Alter the rJealb of I’lato. his diseipEes separated into two groups. (.)tic, the Afii/l£mir3t cnnLirniecl tn ricTt in die Academy wficrc once Jie had presided; die other, the Fenp'iif'lk-.i, removeef to the Lycenm under the leadersliifi- of Aristotle (.'184-Jiiii n.c.). PJatu retugmatid Arjsrode as his greatest disciple amJ, accord¬ ing to Pliiloponus, referred tn lijcii as 'the mind of die mJiouI." If Aristode were aJjseiiL hum die Jcctincs, Plato wouid say; “The intcllei:! is tiot here” Of die pnodigiimsi genius t>f.Aristode,'I’hoilias 'laylor write.H in his tiittridiietion to '//tr-

"Whe ri we coEisirl-ej' iliat Ijc was not only well at:qnaiiitetl viTt]! every SLierce, as hbs worts abuudandy evimie, hui tliat lie wrote on ajiuo.st every' subject wIul-Is iv compreJicucled in the circle oflmman knowledge, and tlii.H ivitli niatchless

ia

THE SECIitT TEACHINGS OF ALL AGES

accuEEicy

aiitf skilly we kiio'Lv iiuL which

iittii Jre hiqs^, llit peiieti'Jtion or

of hi.^ mlmJ.'^fiFiht pjiijji.)’sc]|ii>y of Ansiode, tlie aaiiw; nulh*ii- says: ^iTic cinl **i

Arisiodc'ji iit[j-rii] philoso|iJiy is pcrfctdou ilLi’otightht;. vjricits^aitd dscciitl ol his (^.HiteciipJative phiJosnjjJiy an itiilon with tlit one principle ol ali tilings." AiistoLle conceived |.^Jlilc>^)op3■^y to be twofold: practical and tlieTiRttLcal. PuctlcaJ plitlosojiliy einbrtccd etJikii and politicN; UieoreticaJ phi3oflO|iliyH pliyaica and logit:. Metaphyslt;?? |te eoosiclerccl to he ilic science concerning dial substiiocc wldcli lias the [inocifile of inodoci atid rest lohej'ent to itself. To Aris¬ totle llic soil! is tliat in- wtiicij man first lives, feeh^ and understands- Heute to die sotil lie assigned diree faculties: nutritive^ Hcosidve. and intellective- He hirthcr considered die soul to be twofold--riudojial and irrational—and in some partitiibrN elevated the sense peitejibons above die TTniitf Ariatode defined ivisdoin as the science of first Causes, Tlie four major divisitnis of his philoso¬ phy are ttialcctics, phyjijcs. elJiics, and mctapfiysitis. Cod i.s defined as the First Mover, ihe Rest of beitij^, an iminovahle Suh.Htiiiice, separate froiin sensible

tlijcigs, void of coi-pofcal quantity, ■v^-ilIiolil pans and indivisible. Flatonism is based upon a priori reasoningi Arisioteiiaiitsm upon a. p