The Rita of the Aryo-Germanic Folk

The Religion of the Aryo-Germanic Folk by Guido von List Originally published in the 1920s as a companion volume to Li

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The Rita of the Aryo-Germanic Folk

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The Religion of the Aryo-Germanic Folk

by

GUIDO VON LIST

TRADITION 2022

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