The population of Palestine: population history and statistics of the late Ottoman period and the mandate 9780231071109, 0231071108

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THE POPULATION OF PALESTINE

THE INSTITUTE FOR PALESTINE STUDIES SERIES Muhammad Y. Muslih. The Origins o f Palestinian Nationalism. 1988

T H E IN S T IT U T E F O R PA LESTIN E ST U D IE S SE R IE S

THE

POPULATION of PALESTINE Population H istory and Statistics o f the Late Ottoman Period and the M andate

Justin M cCarthy

C O LU M BIA U N IV E R S IT Y PRESS

N EW Y O R K

Columbia University Press New York

• Oxford

Copyright © 1990 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCarthy, Justin. The population of Palestine : population history and statistics of the late Ottoman period and the mandate /Justin McCarthy, p.

cm.— (The Institute for Palestine Studies series) Includes bibliographical references (p. ISBN 0-231-07110-8 (alk. paper) 1.

Palestine— Population— History— Statistics. 2. 3.

Jews— Palestine— History— Statistics. Palestinian Arabs— History— Statistics. I.

Title.

II. Series.

HA4560.M35

1990

304.6'095694—dc20 90-1641 CIP Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are Smyth-sewn and printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper

& Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To Caitlin Elizabeth

CONTENTS

List of Statistical Tables

viii

List of Maps and Charts

xiii

Abbreviations

xv

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xxi

CHAPTER ONE: PALESTINE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE I. The Ottoman System of Population Registration 2 II. The Population of Palestine, 1 8 7 8 -1 9 1 4 5 III. Migration into Palestine 16

1

CHAPTER TW O: PALESTINE UNDER THE MANDATE I. Population in 1918 25 IL Population Statistics of the Mandate 27 III. Migration into Palestine 33 IV. The Population of Palestine, 1 9 2 2 -1 9 4 6 35 V. Summation 37

25

Notes

39

APPENDIXES 1. Ottoman Statistics 45 2. European Statistics of the Ottoman Period 55 3. Mandate Statistics: Population 63 4. Mandate Statistics: Age Distribution 97 5. Mandate Statistics: Births and Fertility 107 6. Mandate Statistics: Deaths and Mortality 119 7. Mandate Statistics: Marriages, Divorces, and Widowhood 8. Mandate Statistics: Urban, Rural, and Population Density 9. Mandate Statistics: Migration 169 10. Zionist Statistics 217 Index

139 154

237

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES

CHAPTER ONE: PALESTINE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1.1. The Population of Palestine. Estimates of Various Scholars 1 1.2. Administrative Divisions of Ottoman Palestine. Sanjaks and kazas 6 1.3. Published Summaries from Ottoman Population Records 6 1.4. The Ottoman Citizen Population of Palestine by Religious Group, Corrected Figures, 1878 to 1914 7 1.5. Refugees in Palestine, According to Records of the Ottoman Refugee Commission, 1302 (1 8 8 4 -8 5 ) 11 1.6. Christian Population of Jerusalem, Acre, and Nablus Sanjaks, Corrected, 1304/1306 to 1330/1331 12 1.7. Jewish Ottoman Subjects in Palestine as Recorded in Ottoman Registers 14 1.8. Ben-Arieh’s Estimates of the Population of Large Towns in Palestine 15 1.9. §emseddin Sami’s Estimates of Urban Population, 1308 to 1316 15 1.10. Total Population of Palestine in 1914 as Given by Barron, Compared to Actual Ottoman Data 18 1.11. Population Figures of Arthur Ruppin Compared with Official Ottoman Figures. Kazas in Which Ruppin Lists a Sizeable Jewish Population 18 1.12. Ruppin’s Estimate of Jewish Population in Palestine, 1914 19 1.13. Ruppin’s Estimates of the Growth of the Jewish Population of Palestine, 1800 to 1933 19 1.14. Representative Estimates of Jewish Immigration, 1850 to 1914 20 CHAPTER TW O: PALESTINE UNDER THE MANDATE 2.1. Jewish Migration into Palestine, 1919 to 1922 26 2.2. Population of Palestine in 1918 26 2.3. Population Loss from 1914 to 1918 by Religion 26 2.4. Proportion of Total Palestinian Population in each Ottoman Sanjak. 1914 and 1922 27 2.5. Comparison of Ottoman and Mandate Population Statistics. Total Population as Recorded in 1895 and 1922 29

1

25

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES 2.6. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9. 2.10. 2.11. 2.12. 2.13. 2.14. 2.15. 2.16. 2.17. 2.18.

IX

Recorded Population of Palestine in 1922 by Sex and Age Group 29 Population of Palestine in 1922, as Recorded and Corrected 30 Recorded Population 0 - 1 5 in 1931, by Religion and Sex 30 Recorded and Corrected Population in 1931, by Religion 31 Muslims, Recorded Births and Proportion of Deaths Under Age 1, 1923 to 1931 31 Recorded Muslim Birth and Death Rates (per thousand per year), 1935 to 1946 32 Adjusted Muslim Births, Deaths, and Natural Increase, 1 9 3 5 -4 6 32 Comparison of Jewish Agency and Government Figures on Jewish Immigration 34 Population of Palestine by Religion, 1922 to 1931, End of Year Estimates 35 Population of Palestine by Religion, 1931 to 1946, End of Year Estimates 35 Proportion of Main Religious Groups, 1931 to 1946 36 Population of Palestine by Ethnic Groups, 1931 to 1946 36 Population of Palestine by Religion, 1870 to 1946 37

APPENDIX 1. OTTOMAN STATISTICS A l .l . Number of Urban Households ca. 1 8 6 8 -6 9 47 A1.2. Urban Male Population of the Cities of Acre and Nablus, ca. 1873 47 A1.3. Male Population ca. 1877, Various Kazas 47 A 1.4. Male Population of Acre and Nablus sanjaks, 1 8 7 8 -7 9 48 A1.5. Urban Male Population of the Kasabas of Acre and Nablus in 1 8 7 8 -7 9 48 A1.6. Urban Total Population of the Kasabas of Acre and Haifa, ca. 1 9 0 5 -6 48 A 1.7. Population of Jerusalem, Acre, and Nablus Sanjaks, 1 8 8 6 -9 2 49 A1.8. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak, 1 8 8 4 -8 5 50 A 1.9. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks, 1 8 8 8 -8 9 50 A1.10. Population of Acre Sanjak, 1 8 8 1 -8 2 50 A l.l 1. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak and Beirut Vilayet by Religion, 1 8 9 3 -9 4 51 A1.12. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks ca., 1896 51 A1.13. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks, ca. 1 9 0 5 -6 52 A1.14. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak, 1 9 1 1 -1 2 53 A1.15. Population of Acre and Nablus Sanjaks, 1 9 1 1 -1 3 53 A 1.16. Population of Jerusalem Sanjak and Beirut Vilayet by Age Group, 1 8 9 3 -9 4 54 A1.17. Population Density in 1 8 9 3 -9 4 54 A1.18. Aliens (not registered in the Population Registers), 1 8 9 3 -9 4 54 APPENDIX 2. EUROPEAN STATISTICS ON OTTOM AN PALESTINE A2.1. Statistics of G. Schumacher. The City of Acre 57 A2.2. Statistics of Vital Cuinet: Population by Sanjak in Ottoman Palestine 58 A2.3. Statistics of Vital Cuinet: Cities in Palestine 59 A2.4. Statistics of Moses Friedlander (based on Luncz), Jewish Population in 1897 A2.5. Statistics of Davis Trietsch, 1906. Cities in Palestine 60 A2.6. Statistics of Davis Trietsch, 1906. Cities in Palestine in Other Years 61 A2.7. Statistics of Arthur Ruppin. Total Population by Kaza in 1915 62 A2.8. Statistics of Arthur Ruppin. City Population, 1915 62 A2.9. Statistics of Arthur Ruppin. Jewish Population in 1915 62 APPENDIX 3. MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION A3.1. Settled Population by Sex and Religion, 1922 to 1946 65 A3.2. Total Population by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 and 1931 66 A3.3. Settled Population by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 and 1931 66 A3.4. Nomadic Population by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 and 1931 67 A3.5. Population by D istria and Religion and Variation, 1922 and 1931 67 A3.6. Proportional Strength of Religious Groups by Subdistria, 1922 and 1931 68 A3.7. Total Settled Population by Religion and Subdistria, 1931 and 1944 68 A3.8. Settled Population by Religion, Subdistria, Towns, and Villages, Estimate of December 31, 1946 69

60

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES

X

A3.9. A3.10. A 3 .ll. A3.12. A3.13. A3.14. A3.15. A3.16. A3.17. A3.18. A3.19. A3.20. A3.21. A3.22. A3.23. A3.24.

Population by Sex, Religion, and Subdistrict, 1922 70 Population by District, with Percentage in each Religion, 1922 73 Christian Population by D istria and Sect, 1922 74 Population by Religion, Sex, and D istria, 1931 75 Population by Religion, Sex and Subdistrict, 1931 76 Christian Population by Subdistria and Sea, 1931 78 Nomadic Population by Subdistria, 1931 80 Population by Mother Tongue, 1922 81 Inhabitants of Municipalities by Mother Tongue, 1922 82 Population by Mother Tongue, Sex, and Religion, 1931 84 Birthplaces of Settled Population by Religion, 1931 85 Birthplaces of the Settled Population by Religion, 1931 87 Birthplaces of the Urban Population by Religion, 1931 88 Citizenship by Sex, Religion, and Ethnic Group, 1931 90 Indices of Population of Each Religion, 1922 to 1945 95 Percentage of Each Religion in the Settled Population, 1922 to 1945

APPENDIX 4. MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION A4.1. Population by Age Group, Sex, and Subdistria, 1922 99 A4.2. Urban Areas by Sex and Age Group 99 A4.3. Population of Palestine in 1931 by Age, Sex, and Religion 100 A4.4. The Population of Palestine by Age, Sex, and Religion 104 A4.5. Age Distribution per Hundred by Religion and Sex, 1926 to 1944

95

105

APPENDIX 5. MANDATE STATISTICS: BIRTHS AND FERTILITY A5.1. Births by Year, Sex, and Religion, 1922 to 1946 109 A5.2. Recorded Birth Rate by Religion, 1922 to 1946 110 A5.3. Masculinity of Births by Religion, 1922 to 1946 111 A5.4. Live Births by Place of Residence, 1943 112 A5.5. Births by Religion and Age and Sex of Parents, 1943 113 A5.6. Mothers of Children Bom in 1938 by Religion, Duration of Marriage, and Number of Children Born Alive 114 A5.7. Births in 1940 by Religion and Age of Parents 116 A5.8. Mothers of Children Born in 1940 by Age and Number of Children Born Alive 117 A5.9. Mothers of Children Born in 1940 by Number of Children Born Alive to Them and Religion 118 APPENDIX 6. MANDATE STATISTICS: DEATHS AND MORTALITY A6.1. Deaths by Religion, Sex, and Year, 1922 to 1946 121 A6.2. Death Rate by Religion, 1922 to 1946 122 A6.3. Deaths by Religion and Age Group, 1926 to 1943, As Recorded in the Blue Books 123 A6.4. Deaths by Age Group, Sex, and Religion, 1923 to 1931, As Recorded in the 1931 Census 130 A6.5. Deaths by Age Group and Religion 1928 to 1944 133 A6.6. Life Expeaancy at Birth by Religion and Sex, 1926 to 1944 134 A6.7. Mortality (per 1,000 at the Beginning of Each Year of Life) 134 A6.8. Infant Death Rate by Religion, 1922 to 1946 135 A6.9. Infant Deaths, 1932 to 1946 135 A6.10. Infant Mortality by Region, 1926 to 1938, Towns 136 A 6 .ll. Infant Mortality by Region, 1926 to 1938, Rural Areas 136 A6.12. Infant Deaths and Infant Mortality in Each Medical Subdistrict, Towns and Rural Areas, 1939 and 1940 137

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES APPENDIX 7. MANDATE STATISTICS: MARRIAGES, DIVORCES, AND WIDOWHOOD A7.1. Conjugal Condition by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 141 A7.2. Conjugal Condition in Municipal Areas by Sex, 1922 142 A7.3. Marriages and Divorces Registered in Palestine by Religion, 1935 to 1946 143 A7.4. Marriages and Divorce Rates in Palestine by Religion, 1935 to 1946 143 A7.5. Age, Sex, and Conjugal Condition, 1931 144 A7.6. Conjugal Condition (per 1,000) by Sex and Subdistrict, 1922 and 1931 147 A7.7. Conjugal Condition (per 1,000) by Age Group, Sex, and D istria, 1931 148 A7.8. Age at Marriage of Brides and Bridegrooms, 1944 and 1945 149 A7.9. Unmarried (per 10,000) by Sex, Religion, and Main Age Group, 1931 149 A7.10. Females Widowed (per 1,000 Females) by Religion and Main Age Group, 1931 150 A 7 .ll. Nomads, Population, and Conjugal Condition by Subdistrias, 1931 151 APPENDIX 8. MANDATE STATISTICS: URBAN AND RURAL, AND POPULATION DENSITY A8.1. Urban and Rural Population by Subdistria, 1922 to 1931 155 A8.2. Total Population by Religion, Sex, and Subdistria, 1922, Urban 156 A8.3. Total Population by Religion, Sex, and Subdistria, 1922, Rural 157 A8.4. Population in Municipal, Village, and Tribal Areas, 1922 158 A8.5. Population of Municipal Areas by Religion, 1922 158 A8.6. Population of Towns by Religion, Sex, and Subdistria, 1931 159 A8.7. Population of Rural Areas by Religion, Sex, and Subdistria, 1931 160 A8.8. Proportion of Urban Population by Religion and Subdistria, 1931 161 A8.9. Proportion Females, Proportion Foreign Born, and Density, 1931 162 A8.10. Urban Population by Religion and Town, 1931 and 1944 163 A 8 .ll. Rural Settled Population by Religion and Subdistria, 1931 and 1944 164 A8.12. Population According to Geographic Regions, 1922 and 1931 164 A8.13. Estimated Settled Population of Towns and Villages, 1938 164 A8.14. Estimated Population of Four Main Towns by Religion, 1936 165 A8.15. Estimated Population of Four Main Towns by Religion, 1937 165 A8.16. Four Main Towns, Population in 1922 and 1931, Estimated Population in 1939 166 A8.17. Proportionate Distribution of Urban and Rural Population by Religion, 1931 166 A8.18. Land Area, Population, and Density, by Districts, 1922, 1931, 1938, and 1944 167 A8.19. Population, Area, and Number of Houses, Towns, and Villages, by Subdistria, 1931 167 A8.20. Total Population and Area by Subdistria, 1931 168 APPENDIX 9. MANDATE STATISTICS: MIGRATION A9.1. Immigrants by Year, Religion, and Ethnic Group, 1920 to 1946 171 A9.2. Authorized Immigration into Palestine, 1920 to 1945 171 A9.3. Natural Increase and Migratory Increase by Religion, 1922 to 1946, and by Sex, 1932 to 1946 172 A9.4. Countries of Destination for Emigrants, 1943 to 1945 173 A9.5. Immigrants by Ethnic Group and Country of Origin, 1 April 1939 to 31 December 1945 174 A9.6. Travellers Entering and Registered as Immigrants, 1924 to 1945, by Religion and Ethnic Group 175 A9.7. Persons Bom Outside of Palestine Resident in 1931 by Religion. Proportion per 1,000 175 A9.8. Internal Migration, 1931 176 A9.9. Principal Sources of Jewish Immigration, 1922 to 1944 176 A9.10. Travellers Recorded as Remaining Illegally, 1933 to 1945 177 A 9 .ll. Jews Deported from Palestine, 1941 to 1946 177 A9.12. Persons Other Than Jews Deported from Palestine, 1941 to 1946 178

XI

xii

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES

A9.13. Number of Illegal Jewish Immigrants Recorded by the Mandatory Government from 1 April 1939 to December 1943 178 A9.14. Arrivals and Departures, 1923 to 1946 179 A9.15. Movement of Residents of Palestine, 1926 to 1937 179 A9.16. Provenance of Persons Registered as Immigrants, 1928 to 1942 180 A9.17. Age Discrimination per 10,000 Immigrants by Ethnic Group, 1935 to 1945 181 A9.18. Proportion of Females per 1,000 Males among Immigrants by Ethnic Group, 1935 to 1945 181 A9.19. Countries of Destination of Residents of Palestine Departing Permanently by Ethnic Group, 1937 to 1945 182 A9.20. Provenance of Immigrants, 1926 to 1946 185 A9.21. Previous Occupations of Immigrants by Jews and Non-Jews 216 APPENDIX 10. ZIONIST STATISTICS A10.1. Estimates of Jewish Population at Various Periods, 1170 to 1929 219 A10.2. Growth of the Population of Tel-Aviv, 1911 to 1929 219 A10.3. Population of Palestine by Religion, 1922 to 1945, Government and Jewish Agency Figures 220 A10.4. Natural Increase of the Settled Population, 1922 to 1944 220 A 10.5. Jewish Population by Age and Sex, 1943 221 A 10.6. Population of Places with Large Jewish Populations, 1922 and 1929 221 A10.7. Historical Estimates of the Jewish Population of Jerusalem, 1170 to 1939 222 A10.8. Jewish Population of Principal Places, 1922, 1931, and 1943 222 A10.9. Growth of Jewish Urban Population by Town and Year, 1170 to 1945 223 A10.10. Growth of Jewish Urban and Rural Populations by Settlements and Population, 1170 to 1945 224 A 1 0 .il. Distribution of Jewish Urban and Rural Population by Region, Settlements, and Population, 1945 224 A10.12. Jewish Population of Jerusalem by Communities, Sex, Conjugal Condition, and Age Groups, 1939 225 A10.13. Jewish Population of Jerusalem by Age and Sex, 1939 226 A10.14. Jewish Immigration, 1919 to 1945. Government and Jewish Agency Figures 227 A10.15. Jewish Immigration by Various Criteria, 1919 to 1923, 1924 to 1931, 1932 to 1939, 1940 to 1945 227 A10.16. Summary of Jewish Immigration by Various Criteria, 1919 to 1945 229 A10.17. Jewish Immigration by Jewish Communities, 1919 to 1934 230 A10.18. Country of Last Residence of Jewish Immigrants, 1925 to 1934 230 A10.19. Country of Last Residence of Jewish Immigrants, 1925 to 1931, 1932 to 1939, 1940 to 1945 231 A10.20. Country of Origin of Jewish Population in Towns and Villages, Various Years 231 A10.21. Country of Origin of Jewish Rural Population for Various Periods of Immigration 232 A10.22. Citizenship of Jewish Immigrants by Year, 1919 to 1934 233 A10.23. Citizenship of Jewish Immigrants by Period, 1919 to 1923, 1924 to 1931, 1932 to 1939, 1940 to 1945 234 A10.24. Citizenship of Travellers Registered at the Jewish Immigration Office, 1927 to 1934 235

LIST OF MAPS AND CHARTS

CHART 1. Population, 1 8 5 0 -1 9 4 6 CHART 2. Proportion, Muslim, Christian,and Jewish,1922 to

xxiii 1944

xxiv

CHART 3. The Growth of Population in Selected Cities,1895 to 1944

xxv

MAP 1. Ottoman Palestine

xxvi

MAP 2. Mandate Palestine

xxvii

ABBREVIATIONS

1313 ïstatistik

Ottoman Empire, Nezaret-i Umur-i Ticaret ve Nafia, Devlet-i Aliye-i Osmanrye*nin 1313 Senesine Mahsus lstatistik-i Umumisi (“General Statistics o f the Ottoman Empire for the year 1313 1895**), Istanbul, 1315.

1330 Nüfus

Ottoman Empire, Dahiliye Nezareti, Sicil-i Nufus tdare-i Umumiyesi Müdüriyeti, Memalik-i

Osmaniye’nin 1330 Senesi Nüfus Istatistiqi (“Statistics o f the Ottoman Empire in the Year 1330**1 Istanbul, 1330M (1914). 1922 Census

Palestine, Report and General Abstracts o f the Census o f 1922 (compiled by J. B. Barron, Superintendent o f the Census), Jerusalem, 1923.

1931 Census

Palestine, Census o f Palestine, 1931, Population o f Villages, Toums, and Administrative Areas (by E. Mills, Superintendent o f Census), Jerusalem, 1932. Palestine, Census o f Palestine, 1931, Volume 1, Report (by E. Mills, Superintendent o f Census), Alexandria, 1933. Palestine, Census o f Palestine, 1931, Volume 2, Tables (by E. Mills, Superintendent o f Census), Alexandria, 1933.

Abstract (year)

Palestine, Department of Statistics, Statistical Abstract o f Palestine, Jerusalem.

Bachi, Israel

Roberto Bachi, The Population o f Israel, Jerusalem, 1976.

Beyrut (year)

Ottoman Empire, Beirut Province, Salname-i Beyrut, (hijra year) or Beyrut Salnamesi, (hijra year), (“Yearbook o f Beirut Province**), Beirut.

Blue Book (year)

Palestine, Blue Book (year), Jerusalem, yearly from 1 9 2 6 -2 7 to 1945.

Bulletin, 1939

Palestine, Office of Statistics, Jerusalem, Vital Statistics Bulletin (Annual), no . 1, June 1939, Jerusalem, 1939[?]

Bulletin, 1940

Palestine, Office of Statistics, Annual Bulletin o f Vital Statistics, 1940, Jerusalem, 1941.

Bulletin, 1947

Palestine, Department of Statistics, General Monthly Bulletin o f Current Statistics, December 1947, Jerusalem, 1947.

ABBREVIATIONS

XVI

Data

Department of Statistics of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, Statistical Data on Palestine, Jerusalem, 1945.

Handbook

Gurevich, David, Statistical Handbook o f Palestine, Jerusalem, Karen Hayesod, 1930.

Health (year)

Palestine, Department of Health, Annual Report for the Year . . . , Jerusalem.

Ihsaiyat

Ottoman Empire, Maliye Nezareti, Ihsaiyat-i Maliye, 1326 (“Statistics of the Finance Ministry, 1326” ), Istanbul, 1329.

Inquiry

Palestine, A Survey o f Palestine Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the Infor­ mation o f the Anglo-American Committee o f Inquiry, Jerusalem, 1946.

Jerusalem

Gurevich, David, The Jewish Population o f Jerusalem: Based on the Jerusalem Jewish Census, September 1939, Department of Statistics of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, Jerusalem, 1940.

Jewish Immigration

Gurevich, David, 15 Years o f Jewish Immigration into Palestine, 1919-1934, The Jewish Agency for Palestine, Statistical Bulletin No. 24, 1935, Jerusalem, 1935.

Jewish Palestine

Gurevich, David, Statistical Handbook o f Jewish Palestine, 1947, Published by the Department of Statistics of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, Jerusalem, 1947[?]

Middle Eastern

Jewish Agency for Palestine, Economic Research Institute, Statistical Handbook for Middle Eastern Countries, Jerusalem, 1945.

Migration (year)

Palestine, Department of Migration, Annual Report (to 1939) and The Statistics o f Migration and Naturalization for the Year . . . (after 1939), Jerusalem.

Ottoman Census I

Istanbul University MS T Y 4807.

Ottoman Census II

Istanbul University MS T Y 947.

Palaestina-Handbuch

Trietsch, Davis, Palaestina-Handbuch

Palestinian Abstract

Palestine Liberation Organization, Economic Department, Central Bureau of Statistics, Pales­ tinian Statistical Abstract, 1983, no. 5, Damascus, 1983.

Report

Great Britain, Palestine Partition Commission, Report, London, 1938.

Roof, Israel

Michael Roof, Detailed Statistics on the Population o f Israel by Ethnic and Religious Group and Urban and Rural Residence, 1950 to 2010, Center for International Research, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1984.

Suriye (year)

Ottoman Empire, Suriye Vilâyeti, Salname-i Vilâyet-i Suriye, (hijra year) or Suriye Vilâyeti Salnamesi, (hijra year), (“Yearbook o f Syria Province”), Damascus.

Survey Supplement

Palestine, Supplement to the Survey o f Palestine: Notes Compiled for the Information o f the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, Jerusalem, 1947.

PREFACE

T h is analysis of population numbers and popula­ tion change in Palestine during the Late Ottoman and Mandate Periods contains a collection of demo­ graphic data on Palestine. For those who wonder how a book with more statistical tables than text can ever be justified a few words of explanation may be appropriate. If one is interested in the people of a land, and not only in political, diplomatic, and military maneuverings, knowledge of population numbers is valuable in itself. The history of a place cannot truly be known without knowing who lived there, to which ethnic and religious groups they belonged, and how their numbers changed over time. To the student of popu­ lation history, statistics on mortality and fertility also tell an absorbing tale of what was most important in the lives of all the people. That knowledge is suffi­ cient unto itself. However, many other branches of history also rely on accurate demographic statistics. Economic and social history are both particularly dependent on population figures: A tax increase di­ vided among 10,000 people is quite different from one divided among 30,000; an immigration of 1,000 potentially affects a settled community of 5,000 much more than one of 20,000. Yet often our knowledge of the historical population of the Middle East is so poor that we do not know whether 10,000 or 30,000

lived in a region. Any improvement in our knowl­ edge of population numbers thus potentially im­ proves our knowledge of many sorts of history. In Palestine, where demographic change— partic­ ularly migration — has shaped the entire political his­ tory of the land, population figures take on added importance. The question of who lived in Palestine in Ottoman and Mandate times holds interest for Palestinian Arabs and Israelis alike. More than sev­ enty years after the British took Palestine from the Ottomans, the character of the Palestine population is still a subject of debate— one clouded by question­ able statistics, long-accepted “ facts” that do not pass scrutiny, and not a little prejudice. Nowhere is this seen so well as in the question of the migrations that altered the population of Ottoman and Mandate Pal­ estine. Some hold that Palestine under the Ottomans was a stable and overwhelmingly Arab society, which was altered by the migration primarily of European Jews. Others contend that Palestine was essentially a desert before Jewish immigration began and that Jewish migration into Palestine was matched by Arab immigration, which was attracted by Jewish eco­ nomic development. The one evaluates the history of Palestine as disruption and conquest by a group of foreigners who entered the land in great numbers and eventually conquered it. The other sees the his-

xviii

PREFACE

tory as a conflict between two immigrant forces, one of which triumphed. Obviously, what is needed to resolve the debate is accurate demographic data. That the argument is politically motivated is all the more reason for sound statistical analysis. It is my hope that this exposition of the popula­ tion numbers of Palestine will help readers under­ stand the larger history of the region, and answer a few of the question now open to debate. The detailed collection of demographic statistics should allow others more easily to include demographic factors in their own work. While no one is free from prejudices and preconceptions, particularly where the history of Pal­ estine is concerned, historical analysts should at least be guided by a desire for accuracy, no matter the political implications. I have tried my best to provide accurate demographic statistics in this book, and I hope that I have contributed to an accurate picture of the people of Palestine.

PLACE NAMES One of the skills most needed by authors, especially authors who wish to see their arcane works of histor­ ical demography published, is the ability to acquiesce gracefully to the wishes of editors. I have acquiesced, although not too gracefully, in the matter of place names. My preference was to transliterate Ottoman place names as they appeared in the sources (e.g., Kuds-i § erif Vilâyeti, not Jerusalem Vilayet), but I succumbed to superior wisdom and superior force. Standard English place names, as they appeared on the documents of the Palestine Mandate, have been used throughout this volume. For reference, the equivalents of Ottoman district names in other lan­ guages are as follows:

English

Ottoman

Arabic

Jerusalem Jaffa Gaza Hebron Acre Haifa Safad Nazareth Tiberias

Küdus Yafa Gazze Halilürrahman Akka Hayfa Safat Nasira Tabary a

al-Quds Jaffa Ghazza al-Khaffl 'Akka Hayfa $afad al-Na$ira Tabanyya

Balqa Nablus Bani Saab Jemain Jenin

Belka Nablus Benisap Cemayin Cenin

Balqa Nablus Ban! Sa'b Jamâ'ïn Janin

Because usages such as “sub-province” are clumsy and sometimes confusing, Ottoman names for ad­ ministrative units have been retained: vilayet (prov­ ince), sanjak (sub-province), kaza (district).

ON APPROXIMATIONS AND ESTIMATIONS Most of the numbers in the first chapters are approx­ imations or estimations — in many cases the result of statistical calculations, which are explained in the notes for those who enjoy such things. Some feel that all such estimations should be rounded, perhaps to the thousands place, so that the reader knows that they are not actual census or registration figures and so that the reader is conscious of the margin of error in all calculations of population. This system has one difficulty — the reader can never check to see if the calculations have been done correctly, but is instead asked to take the writer at his or her word and assume that all is well. Better, I think, that the figures be published as they came off the computer, com­ plete to the last digit. This allows the critic to check both calculations and procedure, not simply the lat­ ter. It also allows the critic to exclaim, with the great pleasure that comes when finding a colleague’s error, “Aha, a mistake in column four!” The only figures that have been rounded here are those that are not the result of mathematical calcula­ tions, but of estimates pure and simple. One hopes that the estimations are always precise and as accu­ rate as the statistical manipulations. It still seems better to notify the reader which is which. Both are estimations and should always be regarded as such.

DEMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE Certain techniques of demographic analysis lie be­ hind the population estimates in chapter 1. They allow the projection of population numbers forward

PREFACE and backward in time from a particular date as well as the correction of underenumeration of certain age groups in statistical sources. The techniques have been explained elsewhere, both theoretically and as they apply to Middle Eastern populations, and the references to these techniques are to be found in the notes to chapter 1. However, a brief explanation of how they work is not out of place here. The most important demographic technique is that of projection. A simple formula has been applied throughout this work to projections of population from one year to another:

P2= P,e'f where P2 is the unknown population, P, is the known population, e is the base of the natural logarithms, r is the rate of increase per year, t is the number of years between P, and P2.

The formula is universally accepted among de­ mographers. It projects populations asymptotically. For those right-thinking individuals who have lived long lives without knowing what “asymptotically” means, the formula simply tells what a population will be if it increases (or decreases) at a constant rate for a given number of years. The second demographic technique is a tool for estimating the degree of undercounting of young children in censuses and other population lists, a condition that existed in both Ottoman and Manda­ tory population counts, as well as in modern Middle Eastern censuses. Ansley Coale and Paul Demeny have created a detailed set of tables that show ap­ proximately what proportion of the population should be in each age group in various populations with

xix stable rates of mortality and fertility. One can take a recorded population, such as that of Palestine, and compare the age groups in the recorded population with those in the tables. While the comparisons are never exact, they do allow estimations of the num­ bers of the population at the younger ages who have not been recorded. To take a general example: If a population census for a high-mortality area where fertility is assumed to be the same every year (ap­ proximately true in traditional Middle Eastern soci­ eties) shows the same number of males in the ages 0 - 4 as in the ages 5 - 9 group, we know that some­ thing is wrong, because half the males born in the high mortality area should have died before they reached age 5. Knowledge of certain demographic conditions (fertility, rate of increase, etc.) and com­ parison to the more accurate statistics for the upper ages allow us to select a table from the Coale and Demeny collection that estimates how many children must actually have been in the 0 - 4 age group. The population estimate can then be corrected by adding in the missing children. As must be the case with all such nontechnical explanations, many more factors affect the estima­ tion procedure than have been given above. Migra­ tion and possible changes in mortality and fertility patterns must particularly be taken into considera­ tion. The demographic questions asked in the text are simple ones: “What was the population of Palestine?” “What was the relative size of the different commu­ nities in Palestine at different times?” “How did mi­ gration affect the population?” As is often the case in population history, simple questions demand com­ plicated answers. Whenever possible, I have ex­ plained my analyses without resorting to the arcana of demographic formulae, which have been relegated to the notes.

ACKNOW LEDGM ENTS

Demographic history, like all history, is built on the work of scholars who have done previous work in the field. In particular, the collection and publication of Ottoman statistics by Professors Stanford J. Shaw and Kemal Karpat and the demographic analyses of Professors Roberto Bachi and U.O. Schmelz must be noted. The statistical materials in the book have been collected over a long period under grants from the

Social Science Research Council, the National Sci­ ence Foundation, the Institute for Palestine Studies, and the University of Louisville. For their assistance in bringing the manuscript to completion, I thank Linda Butler, Rita Jones, Rita Hettinger, Dolores Locke, and, in particular and as always, my wife, Beth.

Chan 1. Population, 1850-1946

1931

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(Source; 1931 Census)

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98,318

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131

i b. A»

MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION

90

Table A3-72. Citizenship by Religion, Eth n ic Croup, and S e * # 1931. JEWS Total Citizenship

Total

Males

Females

100,700

51,090

09,210

7,902

3.936

3,966

308

183

165

307 1

183 -

160 1

7

0

3

Malta Cyprus

__

__

7

0

3

A F R IC A :

290

108

102

__

__

PA L EST IN E PAPERS A D J A C E N T A S IA T IC T E R R IT O R IE S : Syria T rans jordan \ C D IT E R R A NE AN ISLA N D S:

Abyssinia Egypt O T H ER A S IA T IC T E R R IT O R IE S : Afghanistan British India China India Iraq Japan Hejaz-Nejd Other Arabian Territories Far Eastern Territories Persia Turkey Yemen

--

-

__

—

2 17 019

10

5

5

20,980

25,039

—

318 553 7,128

—

—

—

162 280 1,052

300 5 276 523 9 2 13 2 2,030 095

100,602

51,052

09,150

01

18

23

7 *883

3,927

3,956

19

9

10

307

182

165

1

1

-

306 1

182 “

160 1

I --

1 --

7

0

3

_

__

__

7

0

3

280

106

130

5

0

330

158

172

__

_

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— —

1

0

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

17

—

17 ~

-

—

2 27 862 —

—

10 007 —

6

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2 92 3 1,201 790 890

86 2 1,165 750 877

32

12

20

6 1

13 2

0 —

—

-

-

--

-

-

-

—

—

— — —

-

_

—

—

—

19 3

— —

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

__

_

—

—

—

—

—

_

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

510 32 393

_

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

--

—

—

—

—

—

—

10

5

5

50,353

20,903

25,010

686 13 551 1,090 23 0 20 0 3,979 1,009

303 8 275 567 10 2 II 2 1,907 510

303 5 276 523 9 2 13 2 2,032 095

—

1,032 65 790 —

316 553 2,128

—

522 33 002 —

160 280 1,052

—

—

—

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— —

—

--

—

—

—

—

—

--

-

-

23,086 27 2,625 1,305 1 23 2,009 8,765 205

~

2,360

— —

—

—

--

—

—

—

—

—

-

--

_

__

__

"

—

-*

--

--

11,619 20 1,325 661

1,066

—

9 900 0,130 95

—

510 32 388 —

156 269 1,076 —

11,067 7 1,300 600 1 10 1,105 0,631

no

1,290

0

—

..

-

—

—

-

-

—

— —

2 178 5 2,366 1,500 1,771

__

—

1,290

2 17 015

-

-

0

0

—

1,068

2 2

—

2,362

6

__

..

—

_

-

6

—

9 952 0,138 95

-

6

—

11,078 7 1,302 605 1 10 1,110 0,633 119

__

10

_

11,629 20 1,327 661

-

__

130

— ~

--

3,086

—

23,107 27 2,629 1,306 1 23 2,062 8,771 205

-

__

106

—

—

Females

Males

3,597

__

156 269 1,076

Total

280

—

—

Females

7,083

—

—

Males

0

_ —

— —

Total

21

—

—

523 33 003

1

—

50,019

—

-

—

E U R O P E A N T E R R IT O R IE S :

1,033 65 796

—

Other

__

—

13 2

305 8 276 567 10 2 11 2 1,952 515

0

—

6 1

689 13 552 1,090 23 0 20 0 3,986 1,010

-

-

—

19 3

—

-

0

172

—

-

—

—

British African Territories Morocco T ripoli T m is Others

G R A N D TO TAL

-

158

20

Not recorded A None

--

330

12

A U S T R A L IA :

_

0

32

Canada United States of America Central A South America incl. West Indian Islands

__

22

—

-

-

102

10 050

01

__

3,511

—

Females

-

108

2 27 873

20 -

3,600

86 2 1,169 767 877

A M E R IC A :

61

290

2 92 3 1,201 790 890

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Danzig Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Holland Hungary Irish Free State Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxemburg Norway Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia

Males

__

2 178 5 2,370 1,557 1,771

O T H E R A F R IC A N T E R R IT O R IE S :

Total

M15

—

Jewish

Arab

__

“

-

66

37

3 —

29 1

2

—

—

1

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

7 1 —

5 1

—

2 — —

—

1

1

6

1

— —

2

5 —

—

2

—

—

—

—

— — —

—

—

—

—

—

—

21

10

11

~

—

—

0 l

2 —

2 1

—

—

—

—

—

13 6 ~

8 0 ~

5 2 --

2

2

-

__

51 2,220

30 989

21 1,231

"

89

07

02

-

-

08

19

29

-

-

-

-

5,383

2,656

2,727

-

--

-

170,378

88,000

86,370

105

75

70

51 2,222

30 991

21 1,231

89

07

02

08

19

29

-

5,383

2,656

2,727

-

170,610

88,100

86,510

87

21

66

2

2

--

-

MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION

91

Table A 3-22. Citizenship by Religion, Ethnic Croup, and Sex, 19)1 (Continued).

M U S L IM S Total

PA L EST IN E PA P E R S A D J A C E N T A SIA T IC T E R R IT O R IE S : Syria Transjordan M E D IT E R R A N E A N ISLAN DS: Malta Cyprus A F R IC A : Abyssinia Egypt O T H ER A SIA T IC T E R R IT O R IE S : Afghanistan British India China India Iraq Japan Hejaz-Nejd Other Arabian Territories Far Eastern Territories Persia Turkey Yemen O THER A F R IC A N T E R R IT O R IE S : British African Territories Morocco Tripoli Tunis Others E U R O P E A N T E R R IT O R IE S Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Danzig Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Holland Hungary Irish Free State Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxemburg Norway Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia A M E R IC A : Canada United States of America Central Y South America inch Vest Indian Islands A U S T R A L IA : Not recorded & None G R A N D TOTAL

Vab

Jewish

Other

Total

Males

Females

Total

Males

Females

Total

Males

686,579

3*7,632

338,928

685,356

3*7,002

338,35*

21

1)

61

*0

21

33

22

11

-

-

-

3,776

2,537

1,239

3,127

2,067

1,060

--

~

-

1,597 2,179

987 1,550

610 629

1,32* 1,803

800 1,267

52* 536

"

-

-

__

„

-

-

-

-

179

187 283

86 9)

-

--

-

-

-

-

_

..

--

-

-

-

--

-

-

22*

-

-

-

377

28*

93

1,066

317

1,006

782

22*

--

377

28*

93

27*

73

189

163

26

III

*7

-

_

26 6

1

7

—

—

—

—

.. -

-

-

-

__

__ —

_ ..

20 6

19 6

—

—

5 II

5 11

_

—

--

—

—

—

11 18

8 1*

—

—

—

—

--

—

—

—

90 3

82 3

—

—

—

10

10

_

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— --

~

-

25 63 5

6 *3 5

19 20 --

-

-

-

23

1*

__

__

_

__ 3 6 * 1

2 l 6 --

133

52 — -— —

92 3

—

--

--

--

*0 107 19

17 7* 18

23 33 1

15 ** 1*

11 31 13

* 13 1

62

*9

13

39

35

*

__

_

__

18 15 20 9

16 11 13 9

2 4 7 -

13 8 10 8

13 5 9 8

75*

**6

208

569

313

..

„

„

__

—

—

—

— —

— — —

— — —

— — —

— — —

—

— --

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

..

—

—

—

..

..

—

—

—

—

—

2*5

—

—

—

--

1*8

— 1 — — 98

8

„

~ *53 —

— —

—

—

--

..

—

—

—

-

— --

— -

-

5 7 10 1

256

-

-

-

185

..

__

__

—

—

-—

—

—

— — --

—

— -—

— --

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

--

—

--

—

88

—

_

—

--

—

—

—

--

—

--

—

~

—

—

—

—

--

— —

— 1 I

21*

—

— --

—

--

—

—

—

—

*5

3*

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

--

—

--

--

—

--

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

~ —

—

—

—

—

—

--

—

— —

—

-— -

—

—

3 —

2

1 — — -II — — — ---

—

—

—

—

39

—

—

—

— — —

—

--

--

--

--

-

-

-

—

--

-

-

—

—

—

—

--

—

--

1 —

1 —

1 —

—

—

--

—

—

—

--

--

--

1 —

—

—

—

—

—

--

--

—

—

~

--

-

*2 6

3* 6

—

--

—

—

—

53 7

*3 6

10 1

11 1

9 -

2 1

2

—

— 31

—

— — 6*

—

9

—

50

--

--

— 1 --

—

—

3 * —

—

~ 57

--

--

—

__

3 1

--

—

239

__

~ — — — 103

1

1

—

100 3

8

__ 158

—

296

3 *

7

__ -

—

—

*70

-

13 25

—

6*9

-

—

1 1

10

-

16 29

--

566

18

--

3*7

—

617

28

273 376

_

_

—

1,183

782

1,383

— 5*1

..

Males Females

1,006

1,066

__

8

Total

317

1,383

27 6

--

__

Females

— —

l —

— 8 -

-

--

~

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

62

32

30

31

17

1*

--

-

-

31

15

16

15

13

-

3

__

„

__

__

__

__

_

„

52

30

22

2*

15

9

—

—

—

28

10

2

8

7

2

5

-

--

-

3

_

-

~

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

~

15*

96

58

70

*9

21

-

-

-

8*

*7

37

693,159

352,172

3*0,987

690,420

350,450

339,970

21

13

8

2,718

1,709

1,009

92

MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION

TaMe A >-22. Citizenship by R d i| i« n , EVm ic Croup, and Ses, 1931 (Continued).

C H R IS T IA N S Arab

Total

Jewish

Other

Total

Males

Females

Total

Males

Females

Total

Males

Females

78,281“

38,031

ao,260

71,933

3a,692

37,2ai

16

6

10

133

68

65

29

n

IS

1,77a

971

S03

891

aso

an

2

-

1,267 507

652 319

615 IS S

555 336

26a

291 120

2 ~

„

38

17

21

1

1

~

Malta Cyprus

9 29

3 ia

6 15

!

A F R IC A :

ass

293

195

la s

ia

P A L E ST IN E PAPERS A D J A C E N T A S IA T IC T E R R IT O R IE S : Syria Transjordan M E D IT E R R A N E A N ISLAN DS:

Abyssinia Egypt O T H ER A S IA T IC T E R R IT O R IE S : Afghanistan British India China India Iraq Japan Heja-Nejd Other Arabian Territories Far Eastern Territories Persia Turkey Yemen O T H ER A F R IC A N T E R R IT O R IE S British African Territories Morocco Tripoli Tunis Others E U R O P E A N T E R R IT O R IE S : Austria Belguim Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Danzig Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Holland Hungary Irish Free State Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxemburg Norway Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom U.5.S.R. Yugoslavia A M E R IC A : Cana (fa United States of America Central & South America incl. Vest Indian Islands A U S T R A L IA : Not recorded à None G R A N D TO TAL

153 335

105 ISS

as ia7

269

138

131

23

__ — 3 7 50 _ — — 1 31 177 —

_ — 3 5 31 — — — — 19 SO -

— 2 19 — — — 1 12 97 -

-

-

_

_

__

— — — -

— — — -

— — —

9,603

5,985

3,61 S

2

881

a9i

390

-

2 -

710 171

388 103

322 68

-

-

~

37

16

21

__

__

__

_

—

—

—

”

9 28

3 13

6 15

91

57

-

-

-

3ao

202

138

_ 91

__ 57

-

-

-

153 187

105 97

as 90

-

2a6

12a

122 _ — — _ ia — — — i 12 95 — -

216

1

-

-

— — i 9 —

-

-

-

~

-

-

_

__

__

__

__

— — — -

— — — --

-— — --

— — —

_

_

_

— — — — — — a 3 — 12 — —

— — — — — __ — — a — — — — -2 — — — —

— — — — — _ — — 2 — — —

a 379

3 19a

163

85

55

37

11

172

~ 3 a 36 — — _ 1 31 171 -

__

...

a5,502

— — — — — — _ — — --

__ — 3 a 22 — — — — 19 76 -

2

1 185

ia7

— — — — — — — — — — —

5

17a

a 5,896

-

_ — — — — — — — — — -

7

23a

319

-

56

2a 1

91,398

9 — — — 2 5 — — — — — 2 -

25

a75

3

_

81

15 8 10 13 — 5 1 1 323 1,111 _ 307 a ia i 267 2 2 — — 36 — 2a 26 2S 25 95S a3i 6

5

-

— — —

29 16 7 15 — 20 — 1 231 S23 5 325 19 6 3 370 1 l 1 22 23 1 3 107 IS 23 3,790 108 17

8

-

— — -

aa 2a 17 2S — 25 1 2 55a i,93a 5 632 23 20 a 637 3 3 1 22 59 1 27 133 a6 as a,7as 539 23

92

-

— — —

— 5 3 — 19 — — — 27 — — — — —

2 — — — — -— 1 — — 7 — ~ — 6 — — — —

—

—

— 1 — 2

18 3

1

1

__ — .. -

9,515 5,955

3,560

a2 2a 17 28 — 25 1 2 5a9 1,927 5 613 23 20 a 608 3 3 1 22 59 1 27 132 a6 a6 a,729 536 22

27 16 7 15 — 20 __ 1 230 821 5 318 19 6 3 362 1 1 1 22 23 1 3 106 18 22 3,783 108 16

15 8 10 13 — 5 1 1 319 1,106 — 295 a la i 2a6 2 2 — — 36 — 2a 26 28 2a 9a6 a28 6

-

301

150

151

1 too

3 116

-

— 1 — 1 6 — 1

21 — — — — — — — — — I 12 3 --

— — — — _ 1 — -

91

83

-

-

__

__

78

—

—

--

a 216

6

5

-

~

--

35,a05

~ 1 37,876

-

_ — — — --

— — — — — _ — — 2 — — — — -2 — — — — — — — — — — 1 --

-

73,281

3,009 a7

— — — a -

2 — — — — —

6,3a2 3,333 57

— — — 3 ia — — — — — 6 "

-

Males Females

10a

„

__ la s

Total

_ — — ~ — — — — — — — — — — -

~

-

-

-

25

11

ia

SI

a932

8

5

318

ia7

171

18,092 io,aso

7,612

3

93

MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION Table A 3-22. Citizenship by Religion, Ethnic Croup, and Sex, 1931 (Continued).

O T H ERS Srab

Total Total PALEST IN E PA P ERS A D JA C E N T A SIA T IC T E R R IT O R IES: Syria Transjordan

0,672

0,678

32

to

18

256

105

250 6

102 3 -

-

"

OTHER A S IA T IC TER R IT O R IES: Afghanistan British India China India Iraq Japan Hejaz-Nejd Other Arabian Territories Far Eastern Territories Persia Turkey Yemen O THER A F R IC A N T E R R IT O R IES British African Territories Morocco Tripoli Tunis Others E U R O P E A N T E RRITO R IES: Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Danzig Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Holland Hungary Irish Free State Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxemburg Norway Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia A M E R IC A : Canada United States of America Central & South America incl. Vest Indian Islands

Total 8,872

Males 0,387

67

336

210

126

-

17

2

1

1

111

219

126

93

6

6

31

13

18

108 3

217 2

120 2

93 ~

6 -

6 -

27 0

12 1

15 3

-

-

-

-

--

__

..

__

__

--

-

--

-

_ 8

— 1

_ 7

—

—

219

127

92

20

..

..

..

__

—

—

—

—

-

2 — — — — ~ 90 — --

-

-

__

__

__

— — --

— — --

— — — -

190

110

23

— — — — 20 — ”

— __ — — — — — 23 — --

-

-

—

_ -

-1

_ 6

.. 1

1

-

_ --

6

1

1

_

..

-

-

-

_

__ --

-

-

5

2

--

2

5

— 2

—

— 2

190

103

91

— .. 5 — 1 -— -188 — "

— 3 — 1 — — — 99 — "

— — — — 89 —

-

-

— -— --

-

__

..

—

—

—

— — — -1 —

— — — — — — 1 —

.. -— — -— — 1 "

— — -

-

-

-

-

_

..

..

__ — __ — — — —

__

.. — — 2 —

-— — -

— — — --

— — — --

— — —

-— ---

— — — --

— --

— — — -

80

--

-

-

178

100

78

16

10

6

__

__

— 1 — — — — 1 1 — — — 2 —

— ~ — — — — — -— — — — —

—

—

3 3 — — 122 — 3 5 — 3 7 03 --

2 1 — — 73 ~ 1 0 — 1 0 19

1 2 — — 09 — 2 1 — 2 3 20 ~

— — — — — — — -— — — -— — — -

.. — -1 — — — — 1 1 — — ---— -— — — 5 — — — — 1 7 — —

— — — 1 — — — — 1 1 -— -— — — — — — 2

— -— — -— — — — — — ----— -— — 3 --~ — -3 — —

18

7

II

.. — — 1 -— — — 1 1 — — — 2 —

—

__

—

__

15

5

10

3

2

1

— — — — -— — — — —

__ — — — — — — — — — — — — -—

— — -— — — — ~ — — — --

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -— — — — — — — — ~

3 3 — — 117 -3 5 — 2 — 03 -

— — — — — — — — — — 2 —

— — — — — -— — — — — -2 —

— — — — — — — — — — -— —

—

—

—

2 1 — — 71 — 1 0 — — — 19 —

1 2 -— 06 -2 1 — 2 — 20 —

—

— — -1 0 — —

1

1

-

15

6

9

2

„

__

..

__

__

__

..

1

—

12

0

8

2

-

3

2

1

--

—

«

-

—

--

A U S T R A L IA :

-

-

~

-

-

-

Not recorded & None

20

10

10

-

-

-

10,101

5,090

5,011

G R A N D TO TAL

Males Females

13

-

1 — — ~ 212 1 “

Total

75

7

3 — 1 — — — 122 I "

Females

30

-

5

Males

102

1

—

0,085

Total

-

8

-

Females

Other

~

__

A F R IC A : Abyssinia Egypt

Females

9,350

M E D IT E R R A N E A N ISLANDS: Malta Cyprus

Males

Jewish

9,116

0,537

0,579

-

-

~

-

2 — 2

-

7

6

1

17

8

9

385

208

177

600

305

255

94

MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION

T A le A3-22. Citizenship by Religion, E thnic Croup, and Sex, 1931 (Continued).

A L L R ELIG IO N S Total Population Citizenship P A L EST IN E

Total

Males

Arab

Females

*70,905 001,825 033,080

Total

Jewish

Males

766,222 386,101

Other

Females

Total

Males

Females

380,121

100,781

51,506

09,235

Total

Males

7,902

Females

0,178

V20

PAPERS

8,12*

0,058

0,070

62

33

29

7 £ I3

3,900

3,973

153

85

68

A D I A CE NT A S IA T IC T E R R IT O R IE S :

6,150

3,836

2,318

0,237

2,673

1,560

355

188

167

1,562

975

587

3,061 2,693

1,960 1,872

1,097 821

2,096 2,101

1,188 1,085

908 656

350 1

188 -

166 1

1,011 551

588 387

023 160

1

7

0

3

37

16

21

7

__ 0

3

9 28

3 13

6 15

285

286

107

139

725

088

237

_

_

Syria T ransjordan M E D IT E R R A N E A N ISLA N D S:

05

21

20

1

Malta Cyprus

9 36

3 18

6 18

_ 1

1

A F R IC A :

2,169

1,503

661

1,158

873

Abyssinia Egypt O T Æ R A S IA T IC T E R R IT O R IES: A fghanistan British India China India Iraq Japan Hejaz-Nejd Other Arabian Territories Far Eastern Territories Persia Turkey Yemen

__

__

"

_

153 2,016

105 1,003

08 613

1,158

873

285

286

107

139

153 572

105 383

08 189

7,950

0,103

3,807

258

201

57

7,080

3,598

3,086

608

300

260

357 6 5 55 952 l 102 181 6 2,653 1,8*2 1,790

180 6 3 31 510 1 90 95 3 1,359 905 912

173 — 2 20 002 — 8 86 3 1,290 897 878

7 — — 8 30 — 90 3 _ 39 67 10

7 — — 6 21 — 82 3 — 30 35 13

330 — 2 27 862

2 17 015 — — 86 2 1,165 750 877

20 6 3 20 60 1 10 — 1 208 230 5

19 6 3 15 02 1 10

— 5 32 1

2 178 5 2,366 1,501 1,771

158 — — 10 007 — 2 92 3 1,201 791 890

172

— — 2 9

— 120 119 5

1 — _ 5 18 — — — 1 120 115 -

39

35

0

32

12

20

23

10

9

19 3 —

6 1

... 5 7 10 1

__ 3 6 0 1

__ 2 1 6 ~

6,135

3,607

—

8 —

—

—

90

61

33

British African Territories Morocco T ripoli Tn>is Others

19 21 15 20 19

6 17 11 13 10

13 0 0 7 5

__

__

13 8 10 8

13 5 9 8

— 3 1 -

10

5

13 2 — — 5

E U R O P E A N T E R R IT O R IE S :

60,970

31,521

29,009

650

338

312

50,538

25,008

25,090

9,782

733 37 569 1,119 23 29 25 6 5,082 2,905 5 1,666 89 818 0 1,103 559 2,130 1 22 23,288 28 2,659 1,007 07 70 6,870 9,360 228

370 20 283 583 10 22 11 3 2,080 1,339 5 808 53 O il 3 630 287 1,050 1 22 11,725 21 1,331 770 18 33 0,789 0,271 112

359 13 286 536 9 7 10 3 2,602 1,606 ~ 818 36 007 1 073 272 1,080 — — 11,563 7 1,328 673 29 01 2,081 5,089 116

2 — — — — — — _ 058 3 — 19 _ — — 130 — — — — — — — 2 — 2 29 0 1

05 20 IS 29 — 25 1 2 605 1,929 5 615 20 26 0 655 3 3 1 22 85 1 31 135 06 07 0,791 508 22

22 35 1 5 107 18 23 3,829 118 16

16 8 10 13 -5 1 1 352 1,106 — 296 0 19 1 257 2 2 — — 50 — 26 28 28 20 962 030 6

2,917

1,308

1,569

206

55 2,668

31 1,211

20 1,057

190

106

88

56

20

O T H ER A F R IC A N T E R R IT O R IE S :

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Danzig Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Gibraltar Greece Holland Hungary Irish Free State Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxemburg Norway Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia A M E R IC A : Canada United States of America Central & South America incl. Vest Indian Islands A U S T R A L IA : Not recorded if None GRANDTOTAL

5,380

2,913

—

— — — — — — 2 ~ 1 15 — I

218 3 — 12 ~ — — 60 — — — — — — — — — 1 10 0 —

686 13 551 1,090 23 0 20 0 3,979 1,013 — 1,032 65 792 — 318 556 2,131 — — 23,203 • 27 2,628 1,310 1 25 2J0 50 8 £08 205

— I I £90 20 1,326 665 — 9 905 0,153 95

303 5 276 523 9 2 13 2 2,032 097 ~ 510 32 388 — 156 270 1,078 — — 11,513 7 1,302 605 1 16 1,105 0,655 110

109

2 — — — — — — 200 — 7 — — — 70

— — — —

1931 Census)

303 8 275 567 10 2 11 2 1,907 516 — 522 33 000 — 162 286 1,053

29 16 8 16 — 20 — 1 293 823 5 319 20 7 3 398 1 1

97

2,375

1,072

1,303

336

167

169

188

.. 101

87

51 2,232

30 993

21 1,239

0 208

1 117

3 131

IS

8

10

92

09

03

80

09

35

32

«

-

08

19

29

8

5

3

2,967

71

09

22

5,390

2,662

2,728

019

202

217

772,900 390,013 382,091

170,809

88,236

86,573

21,555

12,609

8 £06

969,268 091,258 078,010

__

aaThe total lor Christians of all ethnicities is added incorrectly in the original; it should be 78,29 I. ED . (Source:

—

95

MANDATE STATISTICS: POPULATION Table A 3-23. Indices of Population of Each Religion, 1922 to 1993 (1922 = 100).

Total (incl. Nomads)

Settled Population

Date

All Religions

Muslims

Jews

Christians

Others

A ll Religions

Muslims

1922 (Census) 1926 (Mid Year) 1931 (Census) 1936 (Year-end) 1990 (Year-end) 1995 (Year-end)

100 125 199 200 228 269

100 119 193 169 181 213

100 178 208 958 553 662*

100 107 129 152 169 193

100 115 133 199 165 195

100 119 137 182 203 291

100 113 129 196 161 187

* According to the revised de facto estimate (579.200 at the end of 1993) this index becomes 691 (Source: Blue Book. 1993)

Table A 3-29. Percentage of Each Religion in the Settled Population, 1922 to 1993.

Date 1922 1926 1931 1936 1990 1995 1995

All Religions

Muslims

Jews

Christians

Others

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

79.90 71.05 71.70 61.29 59.63 39.37 60.86

12.91 18.99 18.06 29.59 31.36 31.79* 30.635

11.01 9.93 9.20 8.35 8.16 7.99 7.69

1.18 1.08 1.09 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.82

(Census) (Mid-Year) (Census) (Year-end) (Year-end) (Year-end) (Year-end), per 100 tot. pop. incl. Nomads

^According to the revised de facto estimate (379.20Û at the end of 1993) this percentage becomes: 32.73 A cc o rd in g to the revised de facto estimate (379.20C at the end of 1993) this percentage becomes: 31.37 (Source: Blue Book, 1993)

APPENDIX FOUR

MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION

MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION

99

Table AO-I. Population by Age Group, Sex, and Subdistrict, 1922.

District

Male

Female Total

Southern: Gaza Subdistrict Hebron Subdistrict Beersheba Subdistrict

7,601 5,776 8,075

6,887 0,905 6,992 18,820

Total

21,092

Jerusalem-Jaffa: Jerusalem Subdistrict Ramallah Subdistrict Bethlehem Subdistrict Jericho Subdistrict Jaffa Subdistrict Ramie Subdistrict Total

6,788 2,732 2,160 107 5,171 0,005

10,528 10,721 15,067 00,316

6,000 12,832 2,380 5,112 1,987 0,107 270 127 0,115 9,286 3,506 7,911

21,003 18,159 39,562

Samaria: Nablus Subdistrict Tulkarm Subdistrict Jenin Subdistrict Beisan Subdistrict

0,765 2,987 2,780 770

Total

11,306

Northern: Haifa Subdistrict Acre Subdistrict Nazareth Subdistrict Tiberias Subdistrict Safad Subdistrict

0,073 3,003 1,868 1,752 2,050

0,123 2,053 2,875 763

8,888 5,000 5,155 1,537

9,710 21,020

0,023 2,795 1,693 1,738 1,870

15 to inder 25

5 to inder 15

Under 5 Years

8,096 5,838 3,561 3,090 3,928

Male

Female Total

Male

7,961 6,105 10,066 5,711 0,205 9,956 8,060 6,256 10,716 22,132 16,606 38,738

10,783 3,267 2,500 193 6,762 5,088

28,593 23,905 52,098

6,689 0,062 0,155 1,329

5,005 11,690 3,308 7,770 3,200 7,355 979 2,308

5,616 12,000 3,551 7,693 2,017 5,270 2,052 0,007 2,563 5,203

Male

Totals

Female Total

Male

Female Total

7,985 5,897 8,228

17,390 18,122 35,516 13,850 13,107 26,997 18,802 18,001 37,203

36,205 27,357 38,053

35,850 72,095 26,210 53,571 36,801 75,250

8,305 13,765 22,110

50,086 09,670 99,756

102,055

98,865 200,920

8,007 1,518 1,137 109 6,973 0,671

8,095 16,502 0,179 2,661 2,380 3,521 260 115 6,636 13,609 3,530 8,201

20,902 20,906 01,888 7,300 7,703 15,007 5,569 6,756 12,325 588 079 1,067 15,975 13,506 29,521 12,981 11,033 20,010

06,920 10,821 11,366 1,077 30,881 27,105

22,855 23,021 06,276

63,359 60,503 123,862

5,070 2,900 3,160 1,001

8,570 5,168 5,285 2,000

13,515 10,028 27,503 8,002 8,552 16,590 7,637 8,102 15,739 2,578 2,256 0,830

28,065 17,719 16,697 5,680

28,230 17,253 16,837 0,999

8,808 12,175 21,023

31,772 32,938 60,710

68,561

67,319135,880

5,117 10,200 2,832 5,180 1,850 3,512 1,638 3,070 1,891 3,100

13,693 12,028 25,721 8,269 8,555 16,820 0,926 5,008 10,330 0,895 0,855 9,750 5,123 5,396 10,519

29,673 17,802 11,313 10,038 11,066

26,780 17,733 11,368 10,283 11,720

80,292

77,892 158,180

3,096 2,228 2,125 999

16,635 12,092 29,127

6,020 0,102 2,857 2,355 2,600

Female Total

3,209 0,736 2,020 3,877 3,076 5,152

9,267 20,050 2,000 5,667 2,120 0,620 310 121 6» 136 12,898 3,861 8,909

25 and over

5,083 2,308 1,662 1,036 1,209

Total

13,190

12,123 25,313

18,018 16,199 30,617

11,778 13,328 25,106

36,906 36,202 73,108

Grand Total

67,391

58,820 126,211

85,778 69,202 150,980

51,826 62,689 110,515

182,123 179,353 361,076

00,352 15,180 13*207 802 30,033 21,930

91,272 30,005 20,613 1,919 65,310 09,075

136,210 125,988 262,198

56,695 30,972 33,530 10,679

56,057 35,535 22,681 20,721 22,790

387,118 370,060 757,182

(Source: 1922 Census)

Table AO-2. Urban Areas by Sex and Age Group.

Under 5 Years

5 to under 1$

Locality

Male

Female

Jerusalem Jaffa Haifa Gaza Hebron Nablus Safad Lydda Nazareth Ramie Tiberias Bethlehem Acre Majdal Khan Yunis Tulkarm Ramallah Beit Jala Jenin Beersheba Shafa Amr Beisan

3,973 3,082 1,030 1,870 1,700 1,197 705 833 528 808 505 389 382 557 379 268 267 191 158 259 208 221

3,657 2,818 1,380 1,563 1,011 1,125 616 660 080 558 506 379 387 535 001 27| 210 186 159 218 152 118

7,630 6,300 2,810 3,037 3,115 2,322 1,361 1,097 1,008 1,366 1,011 708 769 1,092 820 539 077 377 317 077 360 239

7,699 0,636 2,681 1,955 ! ,868 1,952 1,081 1,000 980 803 733 952 695 500 098 000 339 032 228 259 290 199

20,258

17,830

38,092

30,228

Total

(Source:

1922 Census)

Total

Male

15 to under 25

Total

Male

Female

6,780 0,535 2,090 1,001 1,052 1,500 1,065 710 896 679 678 820 678 388 065 320 331 360 220 196 219 158

10,079 9,171 5,175 3,356 3,320 3,092 2,106 1,750 1,880 1,082 1,011 1,776 1,373 892 963 720 670 792 052 055 509 357

7,009 5,089 2,905 887 859 1,106 097 013 569 380 519 023 578 298 92 290 276 188 312 200 122 172

26,393

56,621

23,700

Female

25 and over

Totals

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

5,996 5.097 2,615 1,217 1,097 1,505 795 578 630 595 717 573 623 360 191 310 303 299 209 211 187 172

13,005 10,586 5,560 2,100 2,356 2,691 1,292 991 1,203 975 1,236 996 1,201 658 283 600 619 087 521 051 309 300

13,930 12,078 6,237 0,320 0,059 3,821 1,826 1,988 1,511 1,891 1,650 1,313 1,581 1,200 870 796 603 569 806 590 530 560

13,530 9,570 0,852 0,263 3,727 3,621 2,136 1,877 1,822 1,598 1,638 1,805 1,096 1,251 950 691 735 876 501 383 576 001

27,060 21,652 11,089 8,583 7,786 7,002 3,962 3,865 3,333 3,089 3,292 3,118 3,077 2,055 1,820 1,087 1,338 1,005 1,307 973 1,110 1,001

32,611 25,685 13,293 9,036 8,090 8.116 0,109 0,270 3,592 3,882 3,011 3,077 3,236 2,563 1,839 1,750 1,085 1,380 1,500 1,308 1,150 1,052

29,967 22,020 11,301 8,000 8,087 7,831 0,612 3,829 3,832 3,030 3,539 3,581 3,180 2,530 2,051 1,596 1,619 1,721 1,133 1,008 1,130 889

62,578 07,709 20,630 17,080 16,577 15,907 8,761 8,103 7,020 7,312 6,950 6,658 6,020 5,097 3,890 3,350 3,100 3,101 2,637 2,356 2,288 1,901

20,768

08,072

62,701

58,391

121,132

136,931

127,386

260,317

100

MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION

Table A 4-3. Im putation o f P a le stre ln 1931 by Age Group, D istric t, and Religion.

ALL PA LÉSf IN f Muslims

Jews

Christians

Female

Male

Female

A ll Religions

Female

Male

Male

Female

Male

Female

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-* 4-5

U tS03 11,628 14,060 13,503 12,439

13,659 11,3*4 13,711 13,294 12,177

2,703 2,200 2,427 2,346 2,36*

2,446 2,109 2,372 2,236 2,300

1,515 1,157 1,384 1,309 1,242

1,3*8 1,056 1,232 1,22* 1,179

199 157 204 156 164

180 129 173 168 167

19,220 15,142 18,075 17,314 16,263

17,673 14,678 17,488 16,926 15,823

A S«

Male

Others

0-5

66,4*3

64,225

12,044

11,463

6,607

6,083

*80

817

86,014

82,588

5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 •0-45 •5-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75* n.r.a

53,510 31,S14 22,*29 2S,262 30,534 23,440 22,194 16,769 14,1*1 12,156 6,756 *,427 4,3*3 4,406 5,961 67

46,771 25,342 1*,555 2S,556 31,449 26,4** 21,653 19,403 12,790 13,659 5,920 10,130 4,040 5,655 6,295 56

10,259 6,7*7 6,568 9,750 11,241 8,741 5,364 3,9*5 2,812 2,796 2,097 2,164 1,303 1,147 834 208

9,836 6,465 6,921 10,021 ! 0,806 7,459 4,967 3,9*4 3,004 3,027 2,2*8 2,459 1,523 1,2*9 900 98

6,029 3,7*3 3,891 5,915 4,299 3,177 2,611 1,960 1,706 1,662 1,137 1,119 733 626 631 10

5,567 3,365 3,87* 4,404 3,942 3,182 2,929 2,465 2,159 1,996 1,30* 1,458 914 852 991 9

672 495 282 37* 492 399 311 259 210 163 137 127 92 77 115 1

636 425 288 431 471 389 327 316 187 193 104 149 83 84 111 —

70,470 42,879 33,570 44,305 46,566 35,757 30,480 22,973 18,909 16,777 10,127 11,837 6,511 6,256 7,541 286

62,810 35,597 29,642 43,412 46,668 37,518 29,876 26,168 18,140 18,875 9,620 14,196 6,560 7,880 8,297 163

ToUl

352,172

340,9*7

*8,100

*6,510

45,896

45,502

5,090

5,011

491,258

478,010

a Not reported

S O U t H Ë R N O lS f R l c T Muslims Age

Male

Jews

Female

Male

Christians

Female

Male

Others

Female

Male

Female

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5

4,819 3,707 4,598 4,331 4,003

4,512 3,642 4,557 4,226 3,820

1,042 871 994 962 1,014

938 874 997 915 992

264 178 238 220 210

213 172 219 198 231

0-5

21,458

20,757

4,883

4,716

1,110

1,033

12

16,448 9,097 6,544 8,181 8,920 7,175 6,731 5,127 4,370 4,021 2,169 2,761 1,333 1,500 2,072 24

14,281 7,125 5,036 8,237 9,309 8,003 6,215 5,734 3,723 4,210 1,732 3,041 1,086 1,734 2,156 12

4,081 2,892 3,061 4,690 5,213 4,068 2,561 1,917 1,408 1,378 1,081 998 636 498 293 169

4,033 2,724 3,191 4,805 5,172 3,487 2,321 1,838 1,476 1,359 1,150 1,043 686 483 331 81

1,081 571 590 1,101 856 642 548 396 300 283 177 171 74 103 55 1

923 446 624 803 681 558 481 337 303 280 135 211 91 103 85 2

13 8 6 22 47 26 10 10 5 4 l

107,931

102,391

39,827

38,896

8,059

7,096

5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75* n.r.

Total

All Religions

1 4 2 4 1

5 1 6 2 2

Male

5,668 4,689 5,779 5,341 5,045

16

27,463

26,522

11 8 4 41 39 25 10 8 3 l

19,248 10,303 8,855 13,886 15,201 12,073 9,027 7,917 5,505 5,850 3,017 4,295 1,863 2,320 2,572 95

148,549

—

—

—

—

21,623 12,568 10,201 13,994 15,036 11,911 9,850 7,450 6,083 5,686 3,428 3,930 2,043 2,103 2,420 194

166

166

155,983

__

_ —

Female

6,126 4,760 5,832 5,517 5,228

—

2

MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION

101

Table M -3 . Population o f Palestine in 1931 by Age Group, D istrict, and R eligion (Continued).

J E R U S A L E M D IST R IC T Muslims Age 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-6 6-3 0-3 3-10 10-13 13-20 20-25 23-30 30-35 33-60 60-63 63-30 50-53 53-60 60-63 63-70 70-75 75* n.r.

Total

Male

Jews

Female

Male

Christians

Female

Male

Others

Female

Male

A ll Religions

Female

3,392 2,S26 3,606 3,253 2,972

3,166 2,*62 3,152 3,217 2,*66

973 761 *19 820 759

*93 703 *10 772 766

367 627 562 537 673

580 606 6*7 692 660

15,$69

3,962

2,566

2,623

6 2 I 5 16 13 11 6 6 1 1 2

—

15,239

6,132

12,907 7,5*0 5,126 6,207 6,752 5,206 5,0*0 6,069 3,366 2,*99 1,6*0 2,191 1,171 1,200 1,735 16

11,065 6,015 6,2*6 6,1*1 7,1*2 6,30* 5,63* 6,*03 3,079 3,267 1,502 2,676 1,017 1,6*7 1,626 6

3,767 2,699 2,161 2,595 2,6*9 2,16* 1,605 1,177 *36 *5 * 631 713 619 667 606 11

3,536 2,622 2,656 2,866 2,692 2,089 1,53* 1,337 991 1,050 713 901 552 563 611 *

2,653 1,706 1,827 2,362 1,695 1,161 932 75* 656 658 509 527 373 29* 322 *

2,336 1,377 1,7*6 1,738 1,596 1,366 1,271 1,130 967 916 666 701 67* 633 51* 7

*3,012

*0,935

26,896

28,065

18,567

19,921

1 3

1 1

—

Female

6,933 6,017 6,767 6,610 6,206

6,61* 3,970 6,669 6,6*6 6,0*8

5

22,531

21,609

2 2 6 6 7 2 2 2

16,917 10,016 8,530 10,809 11,673 9,765 8,269 7,272 5,037 5,212 2,879 6,07* 2,067 2,6*3 2,553 21

128,956

—

3

—

-

Male

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

1 ~

—

19,129 11,7*6 9,119 11,17* 10,969 8,506 7,621 6,008 6,837 6,616 2,822 3,633 1,963 1,965 2,662 33

63

33

128,536

—

1

_

N O R T H E R N D IST R IC T

Age

Male

Christians

Jews

Muslims Female

Male

Female

Male

Others

Female

Male

A ll Religions

Female

Male

Female

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-6 6-5

6,592 5,095 6,056 5,919 3,516

6,003 6,8*0 6,002 5,851 5,693

68* 56* 616 566 593

615 532 565 369 566

686 552 606 552 559

395 6*0 526 53* 6*8

197 150 202 152 163

176 127 167 163 165

8,161 6,365 7,676 7,1*7 6,831

7,3*7 6,019 7,260 7,101 6,690

0-5

29,176

28,229

3,029

2,805

2,951

2,627

866

796

36,020

36,657

5-10 10-15 13-20 20-25 25-30 30-33 35-60 60-65 65-30 50-55 35-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75+ n.r.

26,155 15,137 11,159 13,876 16,862 11,059 10,383 7,573 6,665 5,236 2,907 3,673 1,879 1,706 2,156 29

21,665 12,202 9,235 16,138 16,95* 12,177 10,000 8,866 5,9*8 6,202 2,6*6 6,613 1,937 2,636 2,513 3*

2,611 1,396 1,366 2,665 3,339 2,525 1,398 891 56* 560 3*5 651 268 202 137 2*

2,267 1,319 1,276 2,332 2,962 1,8*3 1,10* *09 537 618 626 5??“ 2*5 263 158 9

2,695 1,50* 1,676 2,652 1,968 1,396 1,131 *06 732 722 650 621 2*6 225 256 1

2,310 1,362 1,668 1,863 1,667 1,25* 1,177 99* 8*9 802 509 566 365 316 388 —

657 6*6 271 362 632 362 297 265 206 158 136 127 92 75 116 1

623 615 2*0 3*6 625 362 315 306 186 191 106 169 *3 *6 111 —

29,71* 18,527 16,250 19,133 20,581 15,360 13,209 9,515 7,9*9 6,676 3,*76 6,676 2,505 2,208 2,659 59

26,665 15,27* 12,257 18,717 19,992 15,680 12,600 10,979 7,59* 7,813 3,726 5,823 2,650 3,077 3,170 67

Total

161,229

157,661

21,379

19,270

18,6*5

6,861

6,812

206,739

200,507

19,569

“ The question marks in this ligure appear in the original. The correct figure should be either 316 or 313, judging from the totals for Jewish females and for females of all religions.— ED.

102

MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION Table A 4-3i Population o f Palestine in 1931 by Age Group, D istric t, and R eligio n (Continued).

S U M M A R Y F O R TOW N$ Muslims A*e

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

28 1* 19 24 16

30 10 31 16 23

*,772

8,334

4,7*1

4,430

105

7,81* 5,14* 4,820 6,026 6,936 6,054 3,860 3,044 2,179 2,198 1,604 1,636 996 933 699 1*3

7,537 5,131 3,497 7,161 7,563 5,300 3,829 3,223 2,3*2 2,435 1,791 1,996 1,206 1,0*4 756 92

4,499 2,846 3,089 4,806 3,326 2,461 1,945 1,514 1,2*0 1,207 *1 * 786 524 429 443 *

4,159 2,5*3 3,201 3,4*9 3,053 2,472 2,139 1,861 1,533 1,511 940 1,0*9 657 639 704 8

78 79 42 *9 105 67 46 35 31 20 20 19 12 14 11 —

62,950

63,517

34,762

34,4*8

773

16,605

13,027 9,017 7,332 S,6SS *,331 6, *93 3,913 4,973 3,599 3,424 1,67* 2,279 1,056 1,191 1,431 2*

13,279 6,973 5,936 8,093 7,806 7,030 4,870 4,92* 2,791 3,61* 1,2*8 2,479 *24 1,338 1,666 13

98,51*

*9,557

(Source: 1931 Census)

Male

AU Religions

9*2 7*3 *86 912 867

17,65*

0-3 V IO 10-13 1V20 20-23 2V30 30-33 3V40 40-43 4V30 30-53 5V60 60-43 6V70 70-73 75* n.r.

Female

Others

1,0*6 *26 1,011 934 924

1,929 1,365 1,792 1,729 1,757

3,S33 3,102 3,719 3,63* 3,326

Christians

1,770 1,533 1,772 1,5*3 1,676

3,314 3,026 3,424 3,478 3,163

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-1 4-3

Total

3ews

Male

Female

6,896 5,511 6,541 6,345 6,023

6,296 5,354 6,113 5,989 5,727

110

31,316

29,479

85 46 52 101 89 63 36 39 30 20 5 19 9 11 11 —

27,422 17,090 15,283 19,609 18,718 15,473 11,764 9,566 7,089 6,849 4,120 4,740 2,588 2,569 2,584 221

25,060 14,733 14,686 18,844 18,511 15,065 10,874 10,051 6,756 7,584 4,024 5,583 2,696 3,092 3,137 113

726

197,003

190,288

MANDATE STATISTICS: AGE DISTRIBUTION

103

Table A * -* , The Population o f Palestine in 1*31 by A ge, Sex,and Religion.

Muslims

3ews Males

Christians

Age

Males

Females

Females

Males

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Table A 7-5. Age, Sex, and Conjugal Condition, 1931.

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MANDATE STATISTICS: MARRIAGES, DIVORCE, AND WIDOWHOOD

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MANDATE STATISTICS: MARRIAGES, DIVORCE, AND WIDOWHOOD

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MANDATE STATISTICS: URBAN, RURAL, AND POPULATION DENSITY

160

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r

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-

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Table A 8-7. Population of Rural Areas by Religion, Sex, and Subdistrict, 1931,

PM O a cn eo — — r v no on WN ON PM CN PM PM

'

WNNO — CNC N PM O C N O N

PMPOOOxflO’WNOOM) W M O WN NO O WN p*

-r

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cn

. — rv O WN OO PM — O «P\ O OO ON ON PM O ’ _ T wn

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0 0 WN IV NO PM CN CN ON — O O O O O W N C s P s NOOOC n ON PM ONND CN WN O O ^ — C> WN 00 O^Nd" On P Î oo WN PM PM — PM — —

O O oo CN WN O 00 WN oo rv — — — a rv M CN cl

— PsW N sO PM aW N W N pM O — O C N P M iv a a fv WNWNJv O O O C n PMPMPM — — O O O N P ÎO O P M IV O a - wn cn — — a cn c .

ON

Cv Cs NO On PM

161

MANDATE STATISTICS: URBAN, RURAL, AND POPULATION DENSITY Table AS-&. ftoportion of Urban Population by Religion and Subdbtrict, 1931.

D IST R IC T N U M BE R PER M ILLE WHO LIVE IN TOWNS AND Total SU BD IST R IC T ________________ population Muslims Jews_____ Christians

Others

A L L PALESTINE:

37*

268

736

758

168

SO U TH ERN DIST R IC T :

ill»

310

671

899

(976)

Gaza Subdistrict Beersheba Subdistrict Jaffa Subdistrict Ramie Subdistrict

286 58 673 307

282 55 566 315

(10) (65) 756 (6)

(881) (996) 935 815

(1,000) (978) (1,000)

JER U SA LE M D ISTR ICT :

657

226

935

816

(710)

Hebron Subdistrict Bethlehem Subdistrict Jerusalem Subdistrict Jericho Subdistrict Ramallah Subdistrict

259 602 6S2 — 110

256 109 366

(1,000) (72) 939

(903) 766 952

(1,000) (1,000) (1,000)

(16)

(1,000)

526

-

N O R T H ER N DISTR ICT :

2*6

207

593

663

116

106 250 65 306 205 318 576 175 238

100 265 66 179 213 160 606 190 190

(27) (600) (500) (25) (65) 619 681 (801) 693

(717) (639) (121) 737 (623) (327) 918 199 671

(875) (995) (1,000) (353) (710) (11) (298) (12) (6)

Tulkarm Subdistrict Nablus Subdistrict Jenin Subdistrict Nazareth Subdistrict Beisan Subdistrict Tiberias Subdistrict Haifa Subdistrict Acre Subdistrict Safad Subdistrict

NOTE: ( ) brackets signify that the proportions are calculated on actual populations when these actual populations number less than 1,000.

(Source: 1931 Census)

_

162

MANDATE STATISTICS: URBAN, RURAL, AND POPULATION DENSITY Table A M L JYoportion Fem ales, IVoportion F o re ign Bom, and Density, 1931.

TOWN

Population in 1931

Number of persons per metric dunam

Number of females to 1,000 males

Proportion of foreign bom per mil

Percentage of variation 1922 — 1931 Decrease