The Place-Names of Cardiganshire 9781841716664, 9781841716671, 9781841716688, 9781841716657, 9781407320250

Table of contents :
Front Cover: Volume I
Title Page: Volume I
Copyright
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PARISH/NUMBER CONCORDANCE
PRESENTATION OF THE CORPUS
AN OVERVIEW OF SCHOLARLY TOPONYMIC WORK IN WALES
SPELLING GUIDELINES
GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
IS-COED
GWYNIONYDD
CAERWEDROS
Front Cover: Volume II
Title Page: Volume II
Copyright
MEBWYNION
PENNARDD
ANHUNIOG
MYFENYDD
Front Cover: Volume III
Copyright: Volume III
Copyright
CREUDDYN
PERFEDD
GENAU'RGLYN
CEMAIS
Hydronyms: orientation
Macrotoponyms: orientation
Index

Citation preview

BAR  379 (I)  2004   WMFFRE   THE PLACE-NAMES OF CARDIGANSHIRE

The Place-Names of Cardiganshire Volume I

Iwan Wmffre

BAR British Series 379 (I) B A R

2004

The Place-Names of Cardiganshire Volume I

Iwan Wmffre

BAR British Series 379 (I) 2004

Published in 2016 by BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR British Series 379 (I) The Place-Names of Cardiganshire. Volume I © I Wmffre and the Publisher 2004 The author's moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher.

ISBN 9781841716664 (Volume I) paperback ISBN 9781841716671 (Volume II) paperback ISBN 9781841716688 (Volume III) paperback ISBN 9781841716657 (Volume set) paperback ISBN 9781407320250 (Volume set) e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781841716657 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library BAR Publishing is the trading name of British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd. British Archaeological Reports was first incorporated in 1974 to publish the BAR Series, International and British. In 1992 Hadrian Books Ltd became part of the BAR group. This volume was originally published by Archaeopress in conjunction with British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd / Hadrian Books Ltd, the Series principal publisher, in 2004. This present volume is published by BAR Publishing, 2016.

BAR PUBLISHING BAR titles are available from: BAR Publishing 122 Banbury Rd, Oxford, OX2 7BP, UK E MAIL [email protected] P HONE +44 (0)1865 310431 F AX +44 (0)1865 316916 www.barpublishing.com

THE PLACE-NAMES OF CARDIGANSHIRE

IWANWMFFRE

Yn yr enwau cei rinwedd, a gweli di 'r golud sy 'n gorwedd ymysg hanesion bonedd a gwerin cynefin hedd. Graham Isaac

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

CONTENTS Contents Introduction Parish-number concordance Presentation of the corpus An overview of scholarly toponymic work in Wales Spelling guidelines General abbreviations Bibliography

V-Vll Vlll-lX X-Xl Xll-XVlll

.

.

XlX-XXXl

xxxii-xlix 1-lii liii-cxxx

CORPUS IS-COED 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

pp.1-17 pp. 1 8-36 pp.37-61 pp.62-85 pp.86-101 pp.l02-06 pp.l07- 1 6 pp.l l 7-47 pp. 1 48-5 5 pp. 1 56-65 pp.166-80

Aberteifi Ferwig Llangoedmor Llandygwy Aberporth Brongwyn Betwsifan Penbryn Troedrour-isa Troedrour-ucha Llandyfrrog

GWYNIONYDD 12 13 14 15 16

pp.l8 1-94 pp.l95-205 pp.206-51 pp.252-78 pp.279-84

Orllwyn Llangynllo Llandysul Llanwenog Llanwnnen

CAERWEDROS 17 18 19 20 21 22

pp.285-302 pp.303-30 pp.33 1-40 pp.34 1 -46 pp.347-54 pp.355-93

Llangrannog Llandysulio Gogo Llanllwchaearn Cei-newydd Llanina Llannarth

MEBWYNION 23

Llanbedr Pontsteffan-drefol v

pp.394-405

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

MEBWYNION (contd.) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Llanbedr Pontsteffan-wledig Ystrad Dihewyd Ciliau Aeron Sulian Llangybi Cellan Llanfair Clywedogau

pp.406- 1 4 pp.4 1 5-37 pp.438-46 pp.447-55 pp.456-60 pp.461-7 1 pp.472-85 pp.486-96

Llanddewi Brefi Caron Is-clawdd Caron Uwch-clawdd Gartheli Betwslleucu Gwynfil Llanbadarn Odyn Blaenpennal Llangeitho Nantgwnllau

pp.497-540 pp.54 1 -66 pp.567-86 pp.587-93 pp.594-99 pp.600-05 pp.606- 1 3 pp.6 1 4-24 pp.625-39 pp.640-56

Trefilan Cilcennin Llanddewi Aberarth Aberaeron Henfynyw Llanbadam Trefeglwys Llansantfred Llanrhystud Anhuniog

pp.657-63 pp.664-74 pp.675-87 pp.688-94 pp.695-702 pp.703-22 pp.723-39 pp.740-52

Llanrhystud Myfenydd Llanddeinoel Llanychaearn Llangwrddon Llanilar Lledrod-isa Lledrod-ucha Gwnnwys-isa Gwnnwys-ucha Ysbyty Y stwyth

pp.753-64 pp.765-72 pp.773-82 pp.783-96 pp.797-8 1 4 pp.8 1 5-28 pp.829-38 pp.839-48 pp.849-63 pp.864-84

PENNARDD 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 ANHUNIOG 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 MYFENYDD 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

Vl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

CREUDDYN 60 61 62 63 64

Llanafan Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-isa Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-isa

pp.885-94 pp.895-929 pp.930-45 pp.946-56 pp.957-72

Aberystwyth Llanbadam-fawr Llangorwen Faenor-ucha Parsel-canol Melindwr Cwmrheidol Trefeurig

pp.973-95 pp.996- 1 002 pp. 1 003- 1 2 pp.l0 1 3-20 pp.l02 1-2 8 pp.l029-43 pp. 1 044-72 pp.ll73-97

PERFEDD 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

GENAU'RGLYN 73 74 75 76 77 78

Tinnynach Genau' rglyn Borth Ceulan-a-Maesmor Llangynfelyn Ysgubor-y-coed

pp.l098- 1 1 07 pp.ll08-22 pp.ll23-28 pp.ll29-57 pp.ll58-73 pp.ll74-90

Llandydoch-drefol (Penbont) Llandydoch-drefol (Abi) Llandydoch-wledig

pp.1 1 9 1-98 t>P-1 1 99- 1 20 1 pp. 1 202-20

CEMAIS 79 80 80

pp.l22 1 -99 pp.l300-5 1 pp.l352- 1 403

Hydronyms Macrotoponyms Place-name index

Vll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Welsh place-names. It happened (through unforeseen circumstances, whilst waiting for my acceptance to the

INTRODUCTION

University ofWales, Aberystwyth) that I found myself living in Tregaron with time to spare in the academic

Synopsis In

assemble

this

work,

information

year

1982-83, and quite innocently began compiling a of Cardiganshire place-names. I say quite innocently because little did I imagine at that time that list

I have endeavoured to that will satisfy linguists,

what began as a little hobby would become an all­

historians and geographers alike. The corpus of Cardiganshire place-names contains some

encompassing quest to understand the development

15,000

and history of this section of the earth, to delineate

headwords. Each headword is followed by a location

"the web of cross-references that Time, the old spider,

by grid-reference and when possible by a notation of

has spun across Cardiganshire", to paraphrase Tim

pronunciation in phonetic script, by historical forms,

Robinson's comments

and often by a discussion of etymologies. This work is primarily meant to be a record of the location, age,

Needless to say the methods and aims

pronunciation and explanation of place-names in the county of Cardiganshire in Wales: the names being

refined.

I began with type-written lists, but converted (WordStar) in late 1987 (I was- or so I was subsequently told- the first student the data into computer form

parish headings. Some introductory chapters detail the mode of presentation and spelling guidelines, as

to buy a computer from Aberystwyth University's

well as giving an overview of the development of

much material that research

Genesis of this work

Owen

I was younger, living in

was

so recently abandoned that the wallpaper was still

proved

to

plan

section

ready as

the

Welsh

be

the

academic

of research.

dealing

with

most

Under his

the

phonetic

an MPhil,

but having been

1991 a dialect collector for the Survey of

Studies of the University of Wales) - a post which held, with breaks, until

I awoke to the fact that many of these

1997

-

I

I

was able to travel

almost the length and breadth of Welsh-speaking

places had names which were becoming forgotten,

Wales and acquire a deeper and wider knowledge of

even in the locality. The second reason was due to

all aspects of Welsh dialeCts. This experience refined

the dialect recording activities of Humphrey Lloyd

my appraisal of dialectal variation in Cardiganshire,

Humphreys - my father - amongst Breton speakers

enabling me to set the information

in Brittany. Through frequent dealings with Breton

I had already

amassed in a wider all-Wales context. Of course, the

speakers he had begun a systematic collection of the

finishing of my thesis was held back as

local Breton pronunciations of place-names in a large

I had to digest

all this new information. Developments in computer

transcription

technology also held me back as

(these pronunciation lists, though completed by

data yet again to

1980, sadly still remain unpublished). The contrast

I had to convert my

Wordfor Windows in late 1993- but,

for the first time,

between Breton and official versions of place-names

I was able to type in phonetic I had grossly

characters. It is not difficult to see that

is greater than which exists in Wales and it is here

underestimated the amount work that needed to be

of the importance of

done

traditional pronunciation of place-names as a basic

when

I

embarked

on

the

collection

of

Cardiganshire place-names. The thesis was finally

tool in the elucidation of their meaning, and carried

presented and accepted in 1998, with a section on the

out my first interviews for place-name pronunc­

development of dialects in southern Wales to the

iations with informants from the parishes of Gourin and Langonnet in Brittany about

at

Alan R. Thomas (a project of the Board of Celtic

sergeant, in the history of these places, and it is due

aware

so

Welsh Dialect Phonology under the direction of Prof.

by the interest of Owen Lake, now a retired police

made

then

appointed in

hanging on their walls. This interest was sharpened

was

doing

notation of place-names took its final shape. The work

mountain range east of the Teifi valley, and early on

I

finally

to my

direction the

became interested in the many ruined houses, some

that

Jones,

sympathetic

Llanbedr, and later Tregaron, I would walk the

IPA

degree,

Department of Swansea University, where Dr. Robert

My interest in place-names had its genesis

area of central western Brittany in

1987 I had amassed so I considered registering for a

computer department). By

academic toponymic work in Wales.

to him that

I had

at the beginning changed or, rather, became more

arranged mainly in alphabetical order under civil­

in two different areas. When

[1990: 1] upon the impulse that

motivated his mapping of Conamara in Ireland.

present-day which has been published separately as

1980. However my I believe

2003 Language and Place-names in Wales: the

time in Brittany was relatively short, and

Evidence of Toponymy (Cardiff University of Wales

that it was in

1982 that it was first suggested- by the Breton toponymist Jean-Marie Ploneis - that I study

Press), as well as the place-name lists of Cardiganshire which form the present work. Moreover I had amassed V111

The Place-names ofCardiganshire so much material when compiling my thesis that I was not able to present another large section discussing place-name elements. However I hope to publish this section at a later date under the title Welsh Place-name Elements.

gathering a corpus with references. Strict adherence to reference to the original documentation for each form constitutes a stronger argument if one has in mind a toponymical project carried out by a group of people, nevertheless, it is my opinion that we should generally relegate double-checking of the original documents to a secondary stage of toponymic inquiry (except where suspect or key-forms occur). The enormity of the undertaking, of which I became more aware as the work advanced meant that I increasingly felt that I was reaching the point of diminishing returns. As A Mawer & F. M Stenton [1925b: viii] pointed out in the introduction to the first county volume of the English Place-Name Society in 1925: "[problems] might have been brought nearer defmite solution had it been possible to pursue special and detailed lines of investigation. Such investigations would however delay indefinitely the publication of the Society's volumes effectively stopping what is after all most urgently needed for the solution of these and other problems, viz. the speedy publication of early and reliable material on which alone safe and certain conclusions can in the end be based." I too have preferred a wide appreciation of the problem rather than giving definitive solutions to smaller fields of research. Despite any imperfections (of which the failure to pursue further oral enquiries is for me the most obvious) I feel fairly satisfied that I have achieved to a large extent what I had aimed at. It is now time to present the work accomplished and leave others to answer questions that remain: as with all research any conclusions reached may have to be modified if new evidence presents itself

Further research This work on Cardiganshire place-names by no means constitutes a definitive collection of the place-names of the county, much documentation remains to be investigated, especially from manuscript and newspaper sources, as well as oral enquiries which were not pursued as I would have wished, due to lack of time and means. G. 0. Pierce [1990] has recommended as methodology that: "Particular care should be taken to ensure complete accuracy in the transcription of name­ forms from manuscript sources. Whilst the use of calendars and schedules of document collections in repositories is permissible for convenience in recording, it is essential that the documents in which the name-forms which are eventually selected for citation as evidence occur are carefully examined and the name-form transcribed by the investigator. It is the case, unfortunately, that some schedules of deposited documents, in local repositories particularly, contain inaccurately transcribed place-name forms. Others are abbreviated calendar entries in which full lists of properties included in extents, rent-rolls, estate surveys etc. are not supplied. Similarly, in printed calendars of state documents and the like, together with the indexes of such volumes, spellings of place-names may be modernised. In such publications, particular attention should be paid to the �troductmy comment of the compiler where the policy concerning the method of transcription and/or modernisation of the orthography of place-names is normally stated. If the latter is the case, and in any matter of doubt, the original document should be thoroughly scrutinised." Whilst G. 0. Pierce is wholly correct this mode of double-checking, if carried out rigorously, would make an already burdensome task of gathering a corpus impossible for most. Lack of time at my disposal meant that I would not have found it possible to achieve the synthesis that is my work had I checked each 'scheduled' form so rigorously. Nevertheless I felt mention of this desiderata would give a timely reminder of how easy it is for us to misperceive features of the actual orthography of a given period. My recommendation for would-be toponymists, is to check those 'scheduled' forms that seem suspicious, but otherwise to concentrate on lX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

PAruSH/NUMBERCONCORDANCE These refer to the civil-parishes of Cardiganshire I Ceredigion between 1951 and 1987. Where civil-parishes are territorially divided they are separatedly listed. They are numbered in a roughly south to north, and in a west-to-east progression, excepting 79 to 8 1 which were, historically, part of Pembrokeshire. Their commotal affiliation affects the order. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Aberteifi Ferwig Llangoedmor Llandygwy Aberporth Brongwyn Betwsifan Penbryn Troedrour-ucha Troedrour-isa Llandyfr'iog Orllwyn

Llangynllo Llandysul Llanwenog Llanwnnen Llangrannog Llandysulio Gogo Llanllwchaearn Cei-newydd Llanina Llannarth Llanbedr Pontsteffan-drefol Llanbedr Pontsteffan-wledig Ystrad Dihewyd Ciliau Aeron Sulian Llangybi Cellan Llanfair -Clywedogau Llanddewi-Brefi Caron Is-clawdd Caron Uwch-clawdd Gartheli Betwslleucu Gwynfil Llanbadam Odyn Blaenpennal Llangeitho Nantgwnllau

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

Treflian Cilcennin Llanddewi Aberarth Aberaeron Henfynyw Llanbadam Trefeglwys Llansantfred Llanrhystud Anhuniog Llanrhystud Myfenydd Llanddeinoel Llanychaearn Llangwrddon Llanilar Lledrod-isa Lledrod-ucha Gwnnwys-is a Gwnnwys-ucha Y sbyty Y stwyth Llanafan Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn-isa Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-ucha Llanbadam-y-creuddyn-is a Aberystwyth Llanbadam-fawr Llangorwen Faenor-ucha Parsel-canol Melindwr Cwmrheidol Trefeurig Tirmynach Genau 'rglyn Borth Ceulan-a-Maesmor Llangynfelyn Ysgubor-y-coed Llandydoch-drefo1 (Penbont) Llandydoch-drefol (Abi) Llandydoch-wledig

X

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

Fig.l: Cardiganshire Civil-Parishes and Commotes

Xl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

PRESENTATION OF THE CORPUS

Allen in Scotland, G. Broderick for Man, M. Madeg in Brittany.

Problems of presentation

My presentation

Presenting the real complexity of a web of place-names in a given territory is open to many different and subjective methods. No unique standard form of presentation is likely to establish itself as the varying approaches and demands of each researcher will dictate a diff ering presentation. The only demand a reader can expect from a book on toponymy is that it describes clearly the mode of presentation adopted and then keeps to it. This I shall give below. Had Cardiganshire been an English county my research would no doubt have given as reference the mode of presentation of the volumes of the English Place-name Society, and until the appearance of B. G. Charles's two volumes on The Place-names of Pembrokeshire in 1992 Wales had no comparable published county surveys of its place-names (it should be kept in mind that my mode of presentation was long-established by the time). I have studied and carefully compared the modes of presentation and, indeed, aims of my work with those of my predecessors in a forthcoming work to be entitled Welsh Place-name Elements. The theses that dealt earlier with the place-names of whole counties (Anglesey, Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire) date from no later than the 1930s, and do not constitute exhaustive studies but treat of 'main' and 'interesting' place-names, whilst those published place-name volumes of Wales comparable to the English Place-name Society volumes G. 0. Pierce (1968), H. W. Owen (1994) do not treat whole counties. 1 Furthermore, since all three published academic books above (Pierce, Owen, Charles) deal with areas which have a strong English presence in the toponymy, whereas, in contrast, Cardiganshire is a totally Welsh area I feel justified in diverging quite markedly in some instances - from some of the conventions adopted by them. Those new conventions of presentation that I have adopted, when not my own solutions, are derived from or are in agreement with the work of toponymists from the other Celtic ?ountries and date from the last 20 years such as B. 0 Ciobhan in Ireland, A Watson & E.

In a general manner I have endeavoured to produce a place-name dictionary for Cardiganshire comparable to the county volumes of the English Place-Names Society and following the recommend­ ations set out by G. 0. Pierce (1990). Nevertheless, my primary aim was to register in a methodical and exhaustive way, 'all' the locatable place-names in the county (with the exception of the myriad field-names). The directory is ordered in this fashion: place­ names are grouped alphabetically in separate lists: • The main list is of habitations, followed by a list of hodonyms (i.e. urban names),2 and then by a list of geonyms (i.e. natural - and other features).3 These lists are presented under each civil-parish or geographically-separate portion of a civil­ parish. Accordingly both Troedrour and Llandydoch-drefol are subdivided in my directory. In establishing the alphabetical sequence, both the Welsh and English articleswhether initial or medial - have been ignored). 4 2 Doubtlessly, had I been occupied with the place­ names of industrialised and urbanised part of south-eastern Wales the presentation of the street-names might have been somewhat different. There is probably much to be said for placing street-names "under the heading of the name of the town or city with a suitable bracketed indication, e. g. Cardiff (street-names)." [ 1 990 G. O. Pierce: 4]. This seems ftne, however, there might be conflict between the extent of the parish and the extent of a town or city. 3 It is impossible to make a clear distinction between natural features and habitations in the case of long-dilapidated forts from the Iron-Age, and more recently dilapidated castles, such as those of Aberteifi and Aberystwyth. I have decided only to consider medieval stone castles as habitations; all other fortifications, artificial earthen-banks, tumuli, rabbit warrens, standing stones etc, are treated as natural features. Natural features consist mainly of oronyms (names of mountains and hills), thalassonyms (names of the sea), bionyms (names of vegetation).

-

-

1

H. W. Owen is working on other volumes that will fmally cover all of Flintshire which, with its 663km2, is the smallest of the traditional Welsh counties ( c£ Cardiganshire's 1792km2).

4 The terms afon and nant are ignored unless they are an integral part of a hydronym. G. G. Evans, in his list ofMontgomeryshire hydronyms [ 1 985: 80], Xll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

�

•

5

In Cardiganshire there are 77 civil-parishes. It must be noted that these are the civil-parishes that existed statutorily before the 1st of April 1974. The use of civil-parishes of this date has also been recommended by G. 0. Pierce [ 1 990: 1 ], though I am now tending to the view that it is the 'historical' parishes that existed between 1536 and the mid nineteenth century that constitute the best local administrative unit base (with an optional use of subdivisions in the cases of overlarge parishes). The county of Cardiganshire - Ceredigion since 1974 - is that which existed since 1889, when those parts of the parish of Llandydoch that were in the borough of Aberteifi were incorporated into the county. The boundary has since not changed even when it was demoted to the status of district within the county of Dyfed between 1974 and 1996. Lost names. These are place-names that once existed within a manor, a parish, or a county. In my work they are only noted when deemed relevant (i.e. for historical purposes or to confirm a semantic or phonetic point). They were not initially considered by me to come under my brief of 'exhaustive' research, and I now believe this to be a major fault in my work (but a fault that became apparent to me too late for me to begin an exhaustive listing of these names).s Starting anew I would recommend that these, when not microtoponyms, be collected methodically, and placed in a section after the abovementioned lists under their respective parish heading. When the name cannot be located to within a single parish adopted, a general list of 'lost names' should be appended to the corpus. Microtoponyms. This useful term, borrowed from French toponymists, is a handy heading under which to classify all minor place-names, e.g. field-names, pool-names, road-names etc. They are only noted when deemed relevant and are placed at the end of each civil-parish list.

Field-names will often be attributed to particular farms, this association will have been gleaned from either eighteenth and nineteenth century maps, or oral transmission. The lapse of time and the entailing inevitable change mean that this method of locating is not absolutely objective but is sometimes the most practical mode of locating. When I could I have given a 6-figure grid­ reference. Field-names have not been considered by me to come under my brief of 'exhaustive' research. Street-names, and names of public squares (listed as hodonyms ) can be deemed microtoponyms, due to their subordination to the village or town. Except for old street-names, I have only noted them sparingly, since before 1800 Aberteifi and Aberystwyth were the only towns of any size in Cardiganshire. The civil-parishes themselves are classified in a rough south-to-north order by commote. In Cardiganshire there are ten commotes, and these are also arranged in a rough south-to-north progression. 6 A qualification: commote and civil­ parish boundaries do not always correspond. I have followed W. Rees (1951) without question as to the boundaries of commotes and have allotted the civil-parishes to a particular commote as best as I could, even when a parish straddles two commotes. Western Europe's common historical heritage means that parallel classifications can be made. For civil-parish (now community) in Wales, read civil-parish in England; commune in France; township within the civil-parish in Ireland (see 1985 B. 6 Ciobhain xxvi-xxix). For commote in Wales, read hundred in England, canton in France, barony in Ireland. In Wales a case can be made to have communities listed alphabetically under hundreds. These administrative boundaries, comparable to the earlier commotes, have been used (see 1953 G. 0. Pierce) as headings in a toponymic survey (but the census takers of 1841 [ 1 841Ab cens. : 5] noted the inconvenience of using hundreds for enumeration purposes: "Indeed, had the present census been the frrst occasion of taking a census of the population we might have been disposed to disregard these divisions, and retain only that of parishes and counties; a considerable inconvenience often arises from portions of parishes being situated in two hundreds."). In parts of Wales away from the 'Pura Wallia' core where the old commotal ,

•

failed to distinguish whether these elements constituted an integral part of a hydronym or not. Those names that I did not manage to locate were collected by me - though not in a totally comprehensive fashion - in one list of unlocated place-names. For those who would wish to see it I intend to deposit this list, as well as my working maps with the National Library of \Vales.

6

Xlll

This generally agrees with the ordering of the material advocated in M. Gelling [ 1 973 : xx].

The Place-names ofCardiganshire boundaries have been tampered with, hundreds may serve as better headings for groups of parishes. But it must also be remembered that the extent of many hundred boundaries are unclear at the present time. W. Rees ( 1951) gave a very unreliable tracing as far as the Cardiganshire hundreds were concerned, probably based on the widely erring lines on John Speed's map of the county ( 16 10). Cardiganshire's hundreds are awkward for reasons of shape and size, while the ten commotes of the county do have a certain symmetry and consistency. This reason led me to prefer using commotes to hundreds in this present work dealing with Cardiganshire. • Names that cannot be adequately classified under a civil-parish heading as they cover too large an expanse of ground are allocated thus: 1) Water-courses are also listed alphabetically under a separate heading, viz. hydronyms. I restrict the term hydronym to water-courses because these so often act as civil-parish boundaries as well as transgressing the territory of many civil-parishes: most lakes, on the other hand, lie within one civil-parish and can thus be treated as a geonym. 2) The name of the county, some of its administrative divisions, regions, mountain ranges etc, that cannot be listed under parish headings, are listed alphabetically under a separate heading, viz. macrotoponyms. For ease of reference all the civil-parishes are numbered 1-81 (see page x), following a rough south-to-west and north-to-east progression, whilst also respecting their commotal affiliations by numbering them continuously within one cornrnote at the time. For reference purposes a number in brackets - viz. (0) following a place-name refers to the civil­ parish list under which fuller references to the place­ name will be found, and a more precise classification of the nature of the name will be given by the letters a to e: • (0-a) signifies a habitation, e.g. Graigwen (32-a). • (0-b) signifies a geonym, meaning a natural feature (thus, for example, Graigwen (32-a) refers to the dwelling of Graigwen in the civil-parish of Llanddewi Brefi, whilst Graigwen (32-b) refers to the adjoining rock). • (0-c) signifies a hodonym (a street or urban name, i.e. that of a street or square), e.g. Heolfair (l-c). • (d) signifies a hydronym, e.g. Teifi (d). • (e) signifies a macrotoponym, these may be to be associated specifically or correctly with a civil-

parish number, and will in such cases be noted simply with the letter, e.g. Mynydd-bach (e).

Presentation of entries All individual place-names given headwords will be treated as outlined below, agreeing sometimes with the method generally adopted by the English Place-name Society (EPNS) volumes and sometimes disagreeing. Here is one example of the arrangement of an entry (the encircled numbers corresponding to the following headings):

0Tyngaer -(8SN 652-63 1)[8tyddyn +y+ caer]; [Otm'ga:r M. James] 0Tir als Tythin y Gaer 1662 Crosswood MSS, Ty yn y Gair 1683 Crosswood MSS, Ty'n y Gaer 1766sur map, Ty yn y Gare 1772 Crosswood MSS, Tyn y Gar 1781sur map, Tyn y Car 1792PR Caron, Tyn y Gaer 1799PR Caron, Tyn y Gaer OOS1 819, Tan-y-gaer 0Sc.l 830, Tan-y-gaer OS1891, Tyngaer 1967 E. Jones p . 78 0Part of an ancient tenement called Castellfflemis [ 1683 Crosswood MSSJ. 0

8

0

-

7

XIV

Headword. This is cross-referenced in the place­ name index. For the form of the headword, see the next chapter on the spelling guidelines adopted. A National Grid reference number. This is to enable quick pinpointing on a map (usually a 6figure grid-reference; though an 8-figure grif­ references may be considered more suitable for pinpointing some features, and a 4-figure grid­ references, or an even more general direction for larger features). 7 Lexical breakdown of each place-name. This will be shown thus: (pen+y +bryn] Due to the preponderance of Welsh in the county, Welsh will be assumed to be the language referred to. English place-names will be preceded by E., e.g. [E. castle +hill] The lexical breakdown will be done through the use of dictionary forms of present-day We1sh words, which is the usual practice with Welsh toponyms. Because English is such a late arrival in Cardiganshire, and names of Middle English origin are to be counted on the fingers of two hands, I have decided to give the lexical breakdown of English place-names in dictionary forms of present-day English. In the few places Should this not prove enough for researchers interested in particular place-names, the working maps I used whilst carrying out my research have been deposited at the National Library of Wales (reference NLW ATLAS Oversize 3 62 02917112).

The Place-names ofCardiganshire 0

where the English name can be traced to before

1536, the Old English forms will be given, following the usual EPNS convention, preceded

the

by OE., e.g.

[OE. mar+ lnycg) (rather than [E. moor+ ridge])

preceded by an abbreviation referring to that

When

forms;

or

folk­

commonly­

a change of site within

what is

(ii), (iii) etc, to defme which site is

being located, and also with commentary so that no

default or the result of the piece-meal state of

equivocation is possible as to which site is being

scholarship, we must by now accept it as a

referred to. This distinguishing of sites is particularly

Owen:

called for when treating the various sites of chapels, or

In cases of doubt, a system requiring Old

schools.

Welsh forms would be unworkable, for whereas Old English has a substantial corpus of texts, the

there is

preceded by (i),

GPC must be the arbiter. Whether tbis is by

to

Common

same building, the grid-reference may need to be

than that which appears in Modern Welsh; the

restricted

documentary

commonly accounted to be reasonable proximity of the

been the practice to use any more radical form

is

etc.

repetition. 9

I

. . . In Welsh onomastics, however, it has never

Welsh

the

treatment can be afforded, so saving needless

referring to the element in its Old English form;

Old

in

etymologies

directory of place-name elements where a fuller

established practice of English onomastics in

l.v].

viz.

conflicting

These elements can be better treated in a lexical

"With English elements, I have followed the

H. w.

elaboration,

reconciling

understood elements are generally not discussed.

language (for abbreviations see pages 1-lii).

to use any other system would be unscholarly.

needs

information;

evidence; pointing to corrupt or idiosyncratic features

still) the lexical breakdown likewise will be

[1983

interpretation

clarifying

When other languages are referred to (fewer

convenient agreed system."

Commentaries are given whenever clarification of local geography or history is needed, or where

Comments on the above categories

scrappy

documentation of glosses and fragments. Our

0

knowledge of Old Welsh being what it is, we are

hardly

justified

hypothetical

0

forms

in

referring

instead

of

back the

even when this could be justified by the existence

firm

of old-established English names of places in

foundation afforded us by present-day Welsh

Cardiganshire, such as

dictionary forms.

Cei-newydd

Cardigan,

series

distinguishers older forms which have often have

(IPA),s

no distinguisher are noted under the most likely

names

Phonetic

is

given

Alphabet

in

in

Welsh

speech,

occasionally

and

place to be older than the other. There are bound

italicisation of the phonetic form is intended to

will have to be cautious in connecting the exact location of an older form with no distinguisher to

mr'grl.vaz for

its descendants that have distinguishers. If a

'r Gilfach ('is Y Gilfach'). documentary forms,

placed

in

with

sources,

piace-name straddles

are

Trewilym, -wilim [ 1 992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvii ], or even merging them, e.g. Merthe(l)dovan [ 1 968 G. 0. Pierce: xx],

C)

two

Due to the inherently changeable nature of language there cannot be an absolutely logical, mechanical,

if

precisely

and

separately

defmed

meaning for every constituent unit of a language,

the connection of a precise form to a particular

and this is particularly true in respect of place-

source is being sought.

IP A

of

parish.

truncating documentary forms, e.g.

9 This I intend to do in my forthcoming Welsh Place­

conventions followed are explained in

Wmffre

boundaries

clear explanation that it is not exclusive to that

latest forms). I have avoided the practice of

The

the

parishes, it is placed under one of them with a

chronological sequence (earliest to

as both these practices can lead to confusion

-fawr

there is no difficulty, but with other

to be faults in ascriptions, therefore the reader

emphasise those parts of the transcription that

Old

-fach,

by

absence of objective criteria that intimate one

Welsh as opposed to an English realisation. Any

yw

connected

distinguishers the choice will be subjective in the

the

abbreviations W. or E. are prefiXed to denote a

lie outside the name proper, e.g.

names

candidate. In the case of distinguishers with

Though almost all realisations given are those found

related

=

Also in the case of a

the

International

8

Aberteifi

Newquay.

pronunciations

of

of

=

Phonetic representation of the local colloquial

followed by initials and surname of informant.

0

I have avoided any duplication of headwords,

to

name Elements.

(2003: 5-30}. XV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire names,

so

that

interpretation

of

same

particular

parish

constraints

elements in place-names can be too uniform and

is of

being

referred

time,

ownership

to.

Due was

to not

too 'literal'. Beyond giving a lexical breakdown

systematically noted in parish registers and this

of

may

each

headword,

I

have

refrained

from

have

led

to

some

faulty

equations

of

of

identical place-names - again these mistakes

particular terms change with time and place so

should be ascertainable upon following up the

that it is often impossible to discern between

sources.

explaining

the

terms

as

the

meaning

rival defmitions. I have restricted commentaries to those which refer to a plausible explanation

Dating of references

arising from the local topography or vegetation.

0

Contrary to

G.

have

always

not

0. Pierce's exhortation looked

at

the

(1990) I

Dating a particular form of a place-name is

original

not as straightforward an operation as it would first

documents, this being a matter of time and

appear. A clarillcation of the way in which I have

effort versus results. Unlike B. G. Charles [1992:

lxxxvii]

I have

not

sources

(italics)

from printed sources, agreeing

distinguished

chosen to present the dating of place-name forms

manuscript

follows: •

in this with G. 0. Pierce [1968: xx]: "Since the information given in the

Bibliography

a place-name is to use the publication date of a

Abbreviations and

document, e.g.

list is clear as to whether sources

Capel-y-Berth 1979a E.Jones p.8 1 1 1

of forms are printed or to be found in MS, no

Or

distinction is made between such sources in the lists of forms by resorting to the use of different

(c),

(col!.) , (disg.}, (desc.) Terry

James

&

Taylor, 10

•

have

and

taxable

the

meagre

amount

should

enable

any

1904, 1902,

of •

geographical

information to be ascertained quite efficiently, worthy

of

research

in

=

c.

'about') is given. An example is the

1902

and not

thus his book has been dated to circa

e.g. Penyrodyn c.1902 E. R. In

some

Horsfall-Turner p.268

documents

even

a

circa

date

is

venturesome. A good example is the work of a

whilst proprietorial information would be a subject

so a date is

of chapels which does not include some built in

toponymic work being funded. A correct grid reference

are undated,

many years later, as does his comprehensive list

to have for some place-names, noting them given

Some documents

evidence proves it was printed by

methodically may be counter-productive in time energy,

open-ended

undated book by E. R. Horsfall-Turner's, internal

values.

Whilst these are all useful pieces of knowledge

and

continuous

that these were recopied at a later date), e.g. Cnap Siny 1799PR Caron

(= circa

geographical aspect, and soil type, as well as ownership/tenancy,

of

engineered, usually from internal evidence, and

recommended a methodical noting of altitude, the

case

presentments these are dated by their annual

(for abbreviations see

Simon

the

headings (though there remains the possibility

or a following

pages 1-lii).

8&0

in

documents such as parish registers or manorial

type." The status of a particular form can be defmed by a preceding

The simplest method of dating a written form of

bard like Lewys Glyncothi, his many poems are

itself

undated, only some being datable to within a

Nevertheless, as a 'shopping list', they are all

decade. Most of his work has to be attributed to

important considerations to keep in mind when

the 'flowering of his life', from whence we get fl.

( jloruit

puzzling upon the origin of a place-name, and

=

when relevant have been incorporated into the

'flowering'). None of his work remains

that can be dated later than

editorial comment; proximity to water sources

1487

[1940 BC: 510],

and therefore - for the purposes of this study of

and the shape of particular holdings could be

place-name forms - his

usefully added to such a list. Proprietorial

flontit

is given around

1485,

information is handy when there is need to •

ascertain which of two identical names within a

e.g. 'TrefGaron' jl.1485 L.

Glyncothi in 1984 E. D. Jones p. lOl

Works known to have been composed at a certain date - most especially medieval MSS -

10

and which have only survived in a manuscript

Terry James is involved with the Carmarthenshire Place-name Survey, whilst Simon Taylor is a

11

Scottish toponymist who until recently worked

The

a

is appended to the date to distinguish that

for the School of Scottish Studies at Aberdeen

particular work from another one which the

University .

author had published that year XVI

The Place-names ofCardiganshire from a later period, have both dates, the original

preceding the symbol will stand for post, 'a short

composition date, and the date of the extant

time

manuscript, e.g. Uetus Rubus 1099(1200) Uita

Sancti Dauid p. l53

•

example

is

which

was

Lewis only

though its author died in 1765.

survived it has been gathered that the Celtic

the year'), rather than a composition date, e.g. Pennarch s.a.l236(c.1280) Cron.Wall. p.38

Remains were in their present shape shortly before his death� as a result a place-name form

When a fraction follows a particular century

emanating from this source is thus presented preceded by >, e. g. CarnDdyddgu >1765 L.

be dated to no closer than the last quarter of the 1200s or thirteenth century. I have only used

•

Morris p.77 [1990: 3] recommends that "failing all form should be preceded by n.d. for no

G. 0. Pierce

halves, thirds and quarters to divide centuries,

this" a

e.g. Keredigyawn 1300% Mabinogi (WB) p.27

date. However I believe it would be criminally imprecise to give n.d. for a form of clearly

If a certain document dates to about the turn of

twentieth century origin as well as to another of

any century (we shall take the turn of the

clearly medieval origin. I cannot conceive - on

thirteenth century as an example), it will be

the basis of cursory palaeographical grounds -

noted simply c.1200, e.g. Porthy Ffynon c.l600 L. Dwnn voLl p.l3

that one could not date a document to at least a century or two. The toponymist should always

Periods which do not correspond well enough

try to guide the reader of the book, even

to fractions of a century will be noted by limiting dates,

1878

An

Remains

From the many personal documents of his that

(=sub anna 'under

(e. g. 1200% ), this means that the document can

•

Celtic

published in

And in documents of annalistic nature the year of entry is specified by s.a.

afterwards')-13

Morris's

date is vague, such

e.g. 1287-89.12 Reigns will

noted thus:

always be denoted by the opening and closing

as

if the

with the form whose date I

Trespeher 1200-1500(c.1600). This

was from a manuscript dating to c.1600, but

years, e.g. Yr Hafdref1603-25 T. I. J. Jones (1 955) p.99 Killie Eyron 1702-14 NLW MS 763-D

which had forms clearly dating to the medieval period (which precise time it was impossible for me to tell).

This is done rather than by the convention James I or t. Anne as the latter assumes

temp. •

prior knowledge on the part of the reader.

Litnitations of the corpus

Documents dating between the first of January and twenty-frfth of March in the years up till

Documentary forms noted under the entry­

1752, will sometimes be noted thus, 1601/02.

headings

This is because up till 1752 the new-year was officially reckoned to start - in Britain, and

may

have

been

incorrectly

source. The location given can only ever be guaranteed

contrary to the continent - on the twenty-fifth

as far back as the date of the earliest extant map.

of March. The first date separated by the stroke

Aliases given to place-names in documents

is the official year of the time, while the second

are to be mistrusted, for they often are meant to

date is the 'real' year as defined by historians.

indicate that a holding had been incorporated into

These concern place-names from the sixteenth,

another, rather than being a record of a formal alias,

seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, e.g. Tuy Mawr ar lawr Cwm Berwyn 1663/64 Cwrt-mawr MSS

e.g. the adjoining

Brynhownant and Llwyndryw (33-a), Bran Hyfnant als. Llwyndriw 1769� Llwyncolfa (38-a) and Clwt-y-gaseg (an alias of Tynpant, 33-a), noted Llwyn Colfa als. Cluttie Casseg 1768 (in 1781 they were noted as forming one holding (1781sur map]); the neighbouring Penallt-hebog and Fagwyr (7-a), noted as Penyrallt als. Ffagurboeth 1853. It was specified in a 1784 document that Llety-gochen (76-a) noted

The notation 1601-02, on the other hand,

•

(headwords)

identified by me unless they were obtained from a map

would include the entirety of those two years. If a document is known to have been written a short time before or after a particular date, then the date will follow or precede the symbol > (the date following the symbol will stand for

ante, 'a short time before', and the date

was "now called Winllan and Noiadd", though both

Winllan and Neuadd are separate farms to this day; in this case we are to understand that the land that

12 Historians often note such a limiting datation by an 'x'

between

two

dates,

e.g.

1287x89,

originally pertained to

as

Llety-gochen was subdivided

opposed to a hyphen between the same dates, e.g. 1287-89, which would imply the inclusion

13 G. 0. Pierce

of each year as opposed to a vague date.

[1990: 3]

recommends a.1850 and

p.1850, rather than >1850 and 1850>. XVll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire upon its demise between the two farms of Winllan and Neuadd. Sometimes we may suspect that the 'and' has been mistaken as meaning 'an alias', e.g. the unlocated Llwynbetws, was noted an alias of Frongou (47-a) in 1632 and 1633, but then, in 1680, they are noted as separate tenements (with the further confusion that Lloyne y Bettus was identified in 1603-25 as an alias of Tyr Came y Llyan, which in turn was in 1633 an alias of Pantfallen (47-a) on the opposite side of the valley from Frongou).

The location of places Whilst the majority of place-names given headwords in my corpus are to be found in cartographical sources, I have had to locate some places in spatial terms for the frrst time from oral descriptions, or sometimes from descriptions in non­ cartographical documents. I may have understood the location wrongly in the case of a few places, but I hope that any attempt to locate a place-name can be easily checked from the references to the documentary forms. I recommend future researchers to double-check any information I give as to location if a point seems debatable. The area of larger settlements are open to differing definitions, even locally, so that a place-name can be vague by nature: this is an area, more tl-.an most, which is open to subjective judgement.

Some self-criticisms l\1y chief criticism regarding my presentation assigned place-names according to post-1951 civil-parishes rather than to the traditional 'old' parishes that existed between the sixteenth and the late Pi.fleteenth century. Reassignation would have entailed not orJy changing the location of w.any place-name entries but would have also extended to the whole cross-referencing system L.� the corpus as well as in Wmffre 2003. My failure to systematically collect unlocated place-names is mentioned above (see page xiii). is tlm.t I

XVlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire The following \-Vork - though not presented as a thesis, is easily comparable to any of the others, and will thus

M� OVERVIEW OF SCHOLAP�Y

also be reviewed:

TOPONYMIC WORK IN WAL ES

1 992 PembrokesJ:1.ire

Orientation Though comments

place-names

throughout

the

ages

for

the

1 8 67

have

attracted

in the

literature

presentation, methodology; scope etc.

I also feel the need to acknowledge the

Carmarthen

following influential and scholarly books on toponymy,

Eisteddfo d

not

be solely concerned with Welsh place-names

submitted

as

theses:

1 928

J

Lloyd-Jones

(Caernarfonshire), 1 93 8 R J. Thomas (hydronyms);

[ 1 927 D.

1 946

A Evans: 1 54] .

I.

Williams

(Flintshire) , as well

Welsh toponymic studies - when one can

(oronyms); as

1 95 9

E.

Davies

Melviile Richards' s dispersed

contributions on the subject (he was the leading Welsh

justify describing works on place-names as such -

toponymist

begifl \vith J. E. Lloyd's article in the Cvmmr odor of

G.

Charles)

There is a great difference between the thesis of 1 926

(published 1 869) that was the ftrst published book to

1 892, and with E.

G.

and the latest work dating from 1 992 with regard to

concerning Wales, it is seemingly an essay by Iago Emlyn

(B.

of the twentieth century, but died in

suddenly in 1 973 before he could produce what would

Phillimore' s various notes;

indubitably have been a magnum opus).

appended to that article and in the staggered volumes of H. Owen ' s Pembrokeshire ( 1 892, 1 897, 1 906, 1 93 6).

Subsequently,

scholarly

investigation

into

Scope of studies and layout of material

Welsh place-names have mainly been in the form of theses presented to the University of \Vales. Here is a

There is

list of theses to date:

a certain amount of correlation

between the layout of material

in theses

and the scope

of the study decided upon by authors. The scope of

1 91 1 Anglesey

(E. R Jones) 1

1 926 Anglesey

(G.

1 93 1 Merionethshire

(T. H. Williams)

1 93 3 Meisgyn commote

(R

1 93 5 Ivlontgomeryshire

(D. 1v1. Ellis)

1 948 Caerwedros & Mebwynion 1 953 Dinas Powys hundred

(G. (G.

1 956 Tal-y-fan

(B. D. Harries)

1 977 Hawarden

(H.

1 980 Cwmwd Deuddwr

(I. Dafydd)

followed

1 983 Hope & Ewloe

(H. W. Owen)3

2001 northern Buellt

counties ( 1 93 3 , 1 948, 1 953, 1 95 6), which in turn seem

(G.

toponymic studies decided upon in Waies seems to

I\1. Jones)

have varied and developed, whereas in England since the 1 920s there has been a uniform, indeed almost

J. Thomas)

static, approach with the appearance of one detailed county volume after the other. 4

1\.{ Griffiths)

Prior to my thesis Wales, only had one county

0. Pierce) 2

VI/.

volume ( 1 992) comparable to the EPNS volumes. Ivlany of the earlier theses were 'vague' county-wide

Owen)3

surveys ( 1 9 1 1 , 1 926, 1 93 1 , 1 935), which were later

A. Fychan)

by

more

detailed

work

to have been followed by stu.dies

on portions

of

confwed to a

restricted number of parishes, with equal emphasis on 1

rr.icro-toponymy ( 1 977/ 1 983, 1 980, 200 1 ).

Unable to view this thesis, I win have to discount E.

R

Before

Jones ' s work from this overview. To my

k..11owledge it was neither deposited ·with the National

Library

of Wales,

nor

with

of the

1 926. I t does not deserve the appellation o f thesis by Jones' s

who graduated at Bangor in 1 908 . Judging from

study

of Anglesey

is

in

hand\-\rriting

on

exercise-book paper, furthermore the introduction is of

his articles 'Enwau llefydd �1on a'u tarddiad'

only one page and historical forms of place-names are

( 1 908), and ' Cyw.raeg J'-Aon a Chymraeg Godre

r.ardly referred to. Pages are unnumbered. It is mostly

( 1 9 1 4), his thesis

a list of place-names with translation h"1to English.

would 1-.ave been very worthy of preservation. Later published as The Place-names of Dinas

4

Pmvys Hundred ( 1 96 8). 3

points

today' s standards for it lacks critical apparatus. G. M.

the author was Evan Riclmrd Jones of .Amlwch,

2

various

names, I would like to draw attention to the thesis o f

the

University of North \Vales, Bangor. I believe

Ceredigion o chr yn ochr'

comparing

thirteen serious studies to date about Welsh place­

Though I believe that even in English toponymic circles voices are beginning to be heard criticising

Both theses merged later when published as The

some

Place-names of East Flintshire ( 1 994).

approaches

volumes. XLX

neglected

by

the

EPNS

The Place-names ofCardiganshire (grouped under hundreds)

Layout County-wide treatments are given in ( 1 9 1 1 ), ( 1 926), ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 5) and ( 1 992). ( 1 926) has one alphabetical list of all names, the "alphabetical order . . . is more convenient for reference and less confusi..fl0 a than any geographical arrangement could be."

( 1 977),

similar to the layout of the EPNS volumes.

having countywide alphabetical lists, also divided

In ( 1 93 3 ) all names (natural features and

these lists by categories:

dwellings) were listed alphabetically under the parish to which they belonged in capital type with field-names in

1 93 1

1 93 5

towns and villages

townships

lower

territorial divisions

some provincial names

mountains and hills

mountains

water-courses

water-courses

lakes

lakes

dwellings

dwellings (index only)

dissertation " [ 1 93 1 : the

'main'

2],

in

had three

the

index

in the county,

followed

( 1 93 3 )

alphabetical lists under

each township

i) dwellings and natural features iii) lost or 'doubtful' field-names

of

and (200 1 ) has a similar ordering of the material:

this

i) dwellings and natural features

ignoring

ii) field-names in tithe maps/schedules

inhabitations and field-names. This still left the author with 2,000 place-names to deal with

[ 1 935: 1 8-1 9] .

iii) field-names from other sources

The

reason for treating only 'main' place-names is given

( 1 980) had separate lists for, the parish and commote

in ( 1 93 5):

names; water-course, lake, bridge and estuary names;

"it is not necessary to go into much detail for

dwellings; and field-names.

many of the names whose meanings are quite

There is no doubt that a parish (or township­

clear . . . one may provide special consideration to

within-parish) framework is the best universal method

the remaining names which seem obscure. " ([nid]

of laying out place-names. Nevertheless, two factors

yw'n angenrheidiol manylu ar lawer o enwau sydd a'u hystyron yn amlwg ddigon .. . gellir rhoddi sylw arbenni g i'r rhelyw o enwau a ymddengys yn dywyll.)

lead to complications; some names cover areas larger than

[ 1 935 : 1 9] to my own ( 1 998), the toponyms are listed thus

parishes,

and

other

places

are

not

entirely

locatable or are doubtful. Special lists in addition to the general parochial framework are needed to handle

In ( 1 992), which is the only study strictly comparable

places not confmed to a particular parish. 'Dustbin'

(1 992:

appendices

lxxxvi ] :

are thus

included,

for

unlocatable

or

untrustworthy names at the end of a parochial list. It is, I think, essential to systematically research place-names

1 992

1 998

water-courses

parishes

miscellaneous

(mainly thalassonyms)

hundreds

( 1 956)

ii) field-names

( 1 93 5) claimed to treat only

place-names

and

heading:

said "Of the approximately 1 0,000 names indexed, given

( 1 953)

only one alphabetical list of place-names. ( 1 977/1 983 )

Explaining which names they were treating, ( 1 93 1 ) are

case.

exactly. ( 1 948) ignored microtoponymy and thus had

valleys

half

(200 1 ) study smaller areas within

( 1 977/1 983)'s case, a township framework - and are

The theses of ( 1 93 1 ) and ( 1 93 5), though

a

( 1 980),

counties and follow a parochial framework - or, in

interested in the linguistic aspect of toponymies.

about

(hundreds, lordships etc)

The rest of the theses, ( 1 93 3 ) , ( 1 948), ( 1 953), ( 1 95 6) ,

[ 1 926:

which is true enough if you are only

introduction],

water-courses macrotoponyms

i) parish-names ii) dwellings iii) field- and lost names iv) hodonyms

S

by administrative divisions. Through a geographical bias for the northern mountainous part of the area

(grouped under commotes)

(200 1 ) - though covering six whole parishes, - has

i) dwellings

neglected the southern third of Buellt which will thus

ii) hodonyms iii) geonyms

parishes

remain unattractive to future toponymic research and run the risk of being neglected. It will be seen from the above quick survey of

5

Other

territorial

lordships,

divisions,

commotes

etc,

such are

as

manors,

not

grouped

thesis that no uniform layout has been achieved in Welsh toponymic studies yet; what we have seen since ( 1 93 3 ) is the influence of the EPNS's method of layout

together, but are usually treated with parishes or, when impossible, with hundreds. XX

The Place-names of Cardiganshire gaining recognition amongst Welsh toponymists. As early as 1 93 3 [iii] R J. Thomas stated: "As to the ordering of the place-name forms as well as with many other details, the scheme adopted by the English Place-name Society in their series of books was followed." (Yngl)rn a

thus a gross underestimate of the total number. The second largest area of study is D. M Ellis' s thesis concerning Montgomerys.hire place-names ( 1 93 5) with 849 pages. The 1 994 published version of H. \V. Owen's studies on east Flintshire ( 1 977, 1 983) came to 428 pages whilst G. A Fychan' s study of northern Buellt (200 1 ) even reaches 1 , 1 29 pages. The smallest is I. Dafydd's study of Cwmwd Deuddwr (1 980) with 1 30 pages. Most studies have an average of about 400 pages.

threfniant ffurfiau'r enwau lleoedd ac mewn llawer o fanylion eraill, dilynwyd y cynllun a fabwysiedir gan the English Place-Name Societyyn eu cyfres llyfrau.)

In tum G. 0 . Pierce [ 1 953: xxix] stated: "The now standard pattern of dealing with names according to the methods of the English Place­ name Society was followed." (Dilynwyd y patrwm safonol erbyn hyn 0 ymdrin a'r enwau yn 61 dulliau'r

Place- and personal-name indexes

English Place-names Society.)

Many of the studies do not have a full index of the place-names treated and this does vitiate against their usefulness as instruments of research. Those studies which have indexes of the place-names treated are ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 5), ( 1980), ( 1 983), 6 ( 1 992), ( 2001 ) . Those which have not are ( 1 926), ( 1 93 3), ( 1 948), ( 1 953), ( 1 956), ( 1 977) (the published version of ( 1 953) added a place-name index to the work). As for indexes of personal-names, these are found in ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 3), ( 1 983), ( 1992), (200 1 ).

Similarly H. W. Owen [1 977: xxix] stated: "It was impossible to follow any other plan than that tried and tested by the EPNS in their more recent volumes. [note: followed also by G. 0. Pierce L11 his excellent The Place-names of Dinas Powys Hundred. ]" Reviewing H. W. Owen ( 1 994), a publication supported by the Place-name Survey of Wales, G. 0. Pierce [1 994 Studia Celtica: 29.319] continues: "It might have been possible to demand a strict uniformity of treatment from Dr Owen by prescription, but no such restra:int was placed upon him, apart from the obvious necessity to conform broadly with the accepted method of presentation developed over the years in the volumes of the English Place-name Society. " This referral to the methods EPNS as the method to be followed strikes one as repeating some kind of mantra, nevertheless it is a usefhl one when addressed to novices in the discipline, since a number of sound principles are to be found in the EPNS volumes. However, the methods of the EPNS have not remained static, but have conti_nued to develop. Such researchers as T. James, involved with the Carmarthenshire place-name project, have been developing new lines of method and presentation. I hope that my own work will demonstrate the advantages of some developments in toponymic method already adhered to outside Britain, but neglected by the EPNS.

Lexical indexes To avoid needless repetition, a lexical index is needed in any toponymic work There are none h'1 the theses of ( 1 926), ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 93 5), ( 1 980) whilst ( 1 948) has an incredibly small one (only three items). ( 1 93 3), ( 1 977), ( 1 992) have lexical indexes and ( 1 953), ( 1 956), (200 1 ) have separate \Velsh and English lexical indexes. In some cases the place-names from whence the lexical elements were culled are not referenced clearly. Form of headword Invariably the headwords (entry-headings) in the corpuses collected in each thesis follows the forms of the OS 6" map (first or second editions) of about the turn of the twentieth century, ( 1 980) is only different in the fact that it prefers later OS forms if these exist. 7 ( 1 992) provides a caveat that:

Size The largest area of study is ( 1 992) concerning Pembrokeshire place-names by B. G. Charles with 867 pages. According to a review ( 1 993 Cymro: 03/02/93] it deals with some 3 ,000 place-names, though this can only account for those place-names which B. G. Charles treats of at any length, and is

6 ( 1 983) has a large lexical index of 274 pages which acts as a place-name index for both ( 1 977) and ( 1 983). 7 ( 1 93 1 ) p. 3, ( 1 93 3 ) iii, ( 1 93 5) p. 20, ( 1 948) pp. 24, 26, ( 1 953) xxiii, ( 1 956) xxx, ( 1 980) viii, ( 1 992) lxxxvi. XXl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Richards

advocated locating

Though

particularly i..11 the case of Welsh place-n.ames,

according to a 4-:fi.gure grid-reference of the National

[1957: 97-98]

correct or improved ones and local pronunciations

Grid in 1 95 7, it is only with ( 1 977/1 983) that we get

in brackets name." [1992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvi] A. Fychan [2001 : vii-viii] refuses

grid-references

are s ometimes given G.

M.

"When these spellings are considered to be faulty,

after the place­

for

location.

Here

we

are

g1ven

unusually precise 8-:figure grid-references, e.g. to take the OS

forms as her headwords as these forms can be faulty

The Little Hays [3 5 4 1 - 673 1 ]

from the point of view of the Welsh standardisation advocated by E. Davies ( 1 957).

Nevertheless ( 1 977/1 983 ) did not use it methodically for field-names, the most precise locations of which are usually given as

Location reference

adjacent to

B 1 89 5).

county. ( 1 93 1 ) used the sheet numbers of the OS 6"

Adj. Castle Fm

maps as well as the quarter sheet directions, i.e.

(200 1 ) gives 6-figure grid-references for place-names,

Pant-y-moch OS 35 NW

but fields are located according to the farmholding they belong to . There can be no doubt that grid-referencing

He was followed by ( 1 935), ( 1 948) - and strangely

is the best way to locate places, which is why it is so

by ( 1 980) - in this method of referring to locations. 8 M Ellis

[1935: 20]

e.g.

Stable Field ( 1 852, 1 8 52/8 B 1 89 1 , Stubble Field 1 892

( 1 926) usually gives no location within the

D.

0 00 ,

strange that I. Dafydd ( 1 980) should decide to locate

justifies the use of this form of

place-nfuues using the old-fashioned OS 6" sheet.

referencing thus: "It was thought that system was more acceptable than the scheme of the

Society,

Temporal limits

English Place-name

chiefly because the

ease it lends to Researchers P.ave decided upon different end

locating a given name on the trmp without much inconvenience. The

English Place-name Society

dates for their study:

in research, one had to establish a

collects place-names under the different parishes

"\Vhen engaged

wherein they

temporal limit, and the year 1 83 0 was taken as the

occur;

thus,

when

a parish

is

extensive, it is often not an easy task to locate a

limit.

name . . .

as one parish often exiends over a

except when it threw some particular light upon the

number of these maps. " (Tybiwyd bod y sistem hon )11 fwy derbyniol na chynllun yr English Place-Name

subject. " (Wrth chwilio, rhaid oedd gosod rhyw derfYn amseryddol, a chymerwyd y flwyddyn 1 83 0 fel ffm. Ni chodwyd unrhyw ffu..rf ar 61 y dyddiad hwn ac eithrio pan daflai ryw oleuni arbennig ar y pwnc.) [ 1 948 G. M.

Society, yn bennaf oherwydd yr hwylustod a ddyry i leoli enw arbennig ar y map heb fawr o drafferth. Gan yr English Place-Name Society cesglir enwau lleoedd o dan y gwahanol blwyfi y'u ceir ynddynt; felly, pan fo plwyf yn eang, nid gwaith hawdd yn fynych Y""' lleoli enw . . . gan fod tm plwyf yn ami yn ymledu dros amryw o 'r mapiau hyn.)

Griffiths :

"All the place-names for which an early form or reference up to about 1 850 have been found are included in this survey. "

"Any forms occurring for the frrst time in the 1 87 1

name was found on the OS 6" map or not. No

Ordnance Survey o r later, have been disregarded. "

location reference more detailed than the parish was given by ( 1 933), ( 1 953), ( 1 9 56), or ( 1 992) . 9

in

[ 1 977 H.

the

"Following the convention of the EPNS County Surveys, the twentieth century is largely excluded

during the 1 93 9-45 war and on maps for civilian use

with its prohibitively vast increase in new names. "

with the 1 : 25 000 series of the OS published between 1 956

W. 01-ven: xxix]

or:

1 93 0s, and first appeared on maps for military use

1 946 and

[1992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvi]

or:

more detailed than the parish, though he did point out

The National Grid was established

26] 10

or:

On the other hand ( 1 93 1 ) had no lo cation reference

if the

No form subsequent to this date was noted

[1994 H. W. Owen: xxxii]

[1980 W. A Seymour: 268-69, 291].

By putting a limits at 1 830,

1 850,

respectively, I think G. M Griffiths, B.

8

1 87 1 or 1 900

G.

Charles and

( 1 93 1 ) p.2, ( 1 93 5 ) p. 20 , ( 1 948) pp. 24-25 , ( 1 980) X1X.

10

9 ( 1 933) i-ii, ( 1 9 5 3) xxiii, ( 1 956) xxx, ( 1 992) lxxxvi.

This statement

is a little misleading since he did note

forms of the O S 1 904 as entry-headings. XX11

The Place-names ofCardiganshire H. W. Owen display an antiquarian emphasis to the

subsequently

detriment

notation, started life in France as the notation of the

of

toponymic

method,

for

though,

to

become

the

generally

accepted

personally, I agree that more recent place-names tend

Association Phonetique (the first version of it was

to be less 'interesting' than older ones, it is important

published in

for the toponymist to study place-names from all

(1 888)

periods, and especially so from the period in which

Vocabulary of the Bangor District ( 1 9 1 3) were the ftrst

oral evidence can be obtained. There is no time like

to adapt it to describe Welsh speech, followed by A

H. Sweet ' s ' Spoken north Welsh'

1 888).

and

H.

0.

Fynes-Clinton's

The

Welsh

the present to ascert..ain and check facts relating to the

Somrnerfelt's Studies

landscape. Except for oral forms, G. A Fychan

notation of Welsh as practised by Sweet, Fynes-Clinton

[200 1 :

vii} sets her limit at 1 950, which i s as good as contemporary.

Despite having my own

Cyfeiliog Welsh

in

and S ommerfelt is by now outdated,

personal

because

is

[i]

now

written

The

( 1 925).

in

instead

large part of

a

[y ],

views on priorities, I believe in truth that one cannot

development initiated in Welsh by S. Jones' s A \Velsh

afford to ignore any source of information, or to set

Phonetic

temporal limits, and so I prefer to follow D.

M.

Ellis' s

Reader

published

by

the

London Press series of phonetic readers

[ 1 935: 2 1 ] advice:

University

of

This

in 1 926.

book - in which the influence of D. E. Jones' s classic

"No form that was encountered was ignored . . . " (Ni anwybu¥;yd yr un ffurf y deuwyd o hyd iddi . . . )

work The Pronunciation of English

( 1 909) is obvious ­ [e, :>] as cardinal vowels for the first

also introduced

With reference to temporal limits of a study, I believe

time. l l However, Welsh dialectology had to wait until

it is evident that toponymists - as well as historians -

1 95 1

should embrace the present and not ignore it: that is

for T . Arwyn Watkins in his study of Llansamlet

Welsh for the

to treat the present with the same interest as they

introduction

of the

corresponding

symbols

[I, u] 12 for the high vowels. The use of o, i, u//, especially prevalent since Ceinwen H. Thomas' s MA o n the Nantgarw dialect 1 961 , i s an undoubted

treat the past. The present (including the period of

specific symbols for the more raised versions of //e,

folk memory up to a hundred years back) is the greatest and richest single seam that a toponymist can exploit; in conjunction with maps and forms gleaned

advance in precision in the notation of Welsh sounds. 13

from historical records it gives a depth of knowledge of the subject not attainable in any other way. The toponyrnist balanced

that

researches

attitude

can

phenomena for himsel£ trends

may

not

the

subject

check

with

a

contemporary

1 1 "The phonemes

and whilst contemporary

interest

those

of

antiquarian

desirable to employ the separate symbols

disposition, some phenomena which are considered

for these."

common knowledge disappear slowly without any clear

record

understanding

being and

immediate past.

made

because

interest

in

of a

the

lack

present

12 Written

in

medieval

We cannot deny that historians Wales,

but

a

similar

lack

in,

as

before

one

can

begin

[e, :J] , and especially [I, u] , in descriptions of

northern

Welsh

rather

that o,

the

i, u//

than

of

quality.

But

even

if

the

differentiation due to length is the predo:rrlmnt li phonemicising

factor,

the

differentiation

of

quality is also clearly perceptible, albeit less

The development of phonetic notation

perceptible th..an i..n southern Welsh dialects (see Wm:ffre

Apart from giving a precise location, one of

factually

the improvements in toponymies in this century has use

argui11g

as distinct phonemes is basically one of quantity

to

distinguish trends in society.

been the

dialects,

differences between the two types of 1/e,

and application, to study contemporary

developments

T. A

northern Welsh, do not like noting short vowels

of

noticed by the very same people. It takes some social

:J

13 I am aware that some phoneticians, conversant with

knowledge for contemporary times would not be interest

e and

[ 1 926 S. Jones: 1 0] .

[ _tJ and [G>] respectively by him [ 1 951 Watkins: xvi].

of or

would decry the lack of a clear account of ordinary life

e and o have particularly important

subsidiary members, and it has been considered

[2003 : 8]). T. A Watkins [ 1 96 1 : 12] was incorrect

to

baldly

state:

"Yng

Ngogledd Cyrnru nid oes gwahaniaeth mewn

of a phonetic script to note the

ansawdd rhwng

[i:] cig ac [i] cinio; [u: ] dWr ac [u] cwpan;". It is better, to my mind, to have a

pronunciations of place-names. It is to my mind an essential prerequisite to the study of toponymy.

notational system that can note both quality and

A phonetic notation of sounds generally

length easily,

accepted in scientific circles was only developed in

sacrifice

the late nineteenth century. The IPA, which was

pace those dialectologists who

precision

for

the

phonemic system of notation. XXlll

most

' economic'

The Place-names ofCardiganshire compare

T. H. Williams in 1 93 1 was the first to use

sounds

within

an

entire

lexical

corpus

phonetic notations in a work on Welsh place-names,

pertaining to a small number of individuals

but

restricted area. However a knowledge of the basic

only

in his

introduction to

discuss

general

in

one

dialectal differences. He followed S. Jones' s ( 1 926)

phonemic structure of dialects within the area is an

notation.

undoubted requirement.

G.

G.

M. Griffiths ( 1 948) and B.

Charles

( 1 992) failed to use any phonetic notation other than one based on Welsh orthography, with its attendant

hnportance attached to use of phonetics

shortcomings. 14 The other theses ( 1 933), ( 1 935), ( 1 953),

As far as phonetic notations for place-names

( 1 956) 15 followed Fynes-Clinton and Sommerfelt's

are concerned, ( 1 926), ( 1 93 1 ), ( 1 977/ 1 983), ( 1 992),

phonetic notation, in which open and dosed varieties of vowels symbols,

were not and

stood

[y]

(200 1 ) have hardly any,

distinguished by their own for

//i//.

( 1 953)

did

( 1 93 3 ),

'modernise' that convention somewhat ("a cheisiwyd

[1953 : xix])

Saesneg

[e]

//e//, but, concomitantly, he did not use the open varieties of 1/o, I.

Dafydd' s

'standard' IPA with of

[u ],

and

[y]

1,

o]

thesis

( 1 980)

commonly

have phonetic

pronunciations,

but

only

noting

place-names

with

a

phonetic

notation.

for

distinguished

Nevertheless,

i, uff. 1 6

[e, :>, 1] ,

( 1 980)

place-name

methodically

for lowered

[ :>,

of

( 1 933), ( 1 980) have made any satisfactory attempts at

yng nghyfrolau'r EPNS."

by introducing the symbol

( 1 948),

notation

cyfuno a hwy yr arwyddion safonol a ddefnyddir wrth drafo d enwau

or none at all. Roughly

speaking, ( 1 935), ( 1 95 3), ( 1 956) do have notations,

pioneering

philologists such as John Rhys, Joseph Loth, Egerton

used a more

Phillimore and Ifor Williams paid great attention to

though there was no use

local pronunciations when elucidating the meaning of

was still used for //i//. 1 7 Though IPA

place-names and indeed the need for a methodical

phonetic pronunciations are given sporadically H. W.

desciption

Owen in both his theses

convincingly put forward by A W. Wade-Evans as

( 1 977/1 983)

gives no

explanation for the conventions he followed.

of

early as 1 93 5

As his

place-name

[123]

pronunciatiOn

was

in the course of highlighting the

area of study is predominantly English as far as the

difference between the pronunciation and the writing

toponymy goes, he is presumably following the usual

of place-names in western Pembrokeshire: "It would be very helpful if writers, in dealing with

convention of contemporary EPNS volumes. That he had not engaged himself much with the problems of

obscure places throughout Wales and its borders,

transcription from the beginning seems proven by the

would tell us as exactly as possible how they are

difference between the wording of the thesis ( 1 983)

pronounced by local residents, unaffected by book­

and that of the resulting book ( 1 994) concerning the

learning

pronunciation of in Estyn:

introducing

"OE i'i was raised

and that

pronounced',

in M\Velsh to y which in fmal unstressed syllables was [ i] . " [ 1 983 H. w. Owen: 1 85] "OE ii was raised to M Welsh u then to y [1] or [i]." [ 1 994 H. W. Owen: 227]

some

a

fashion

such

letters

should begin of as

1. p. ,

' locally

after the official or conventional

modes of writing such names . . . In this connection one may also mention the high value of local rhymes and jingles, which preserve the correct pronunciation of place-names in the local dialect

The emphasis of toponymic notation should veer towards the phonetic, a phonemic approach to the

The fact that theses since 1 93 3 have not taken up

notation of place-names is not practical in itself, being that the proper remit of a phonemic study is to

phonetic notation of pronunciations demonstrates a

14 Which in ( 1 992) ' s case seems all the stranger in

the EPNS has not generally given phonetic notation its

non-development of the methodical apparatus needed in toponymic work. This may be due to the fact that

that "The local and the standard pronunciations of

due consideration when planning county volumes on

an English name, when of interest and not

place-names. H. W. Owen

readily suggested by the spelling, are given in

"Where

phonetic symbols and square brackets." (my emphasis) [ 1 992 PN Pembs : Lxxxvi] 15 ( 1 93 3 : iv), ( 1 93 5 : 2 1 ), ( 1 95 3 :

1 7 Additionally I. Dafydd:

employed for

is

relevant,

this

is

script enclosed in square

brackets. "

xix), ( 1 956: xxii) .

But from reading his theses it becomes apparent that the pronunciation is not accorded much priority in H.

saw.

[u] was xxiii-xxiv] .

[1 977: xxix] gives as reason:

pronunciation

included in phonetic

16 Except in the use of [ :>:] to represent the sound of

English law,

the

MW. [ 1 980 X:XlV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire W. Owen' s method. 1 8 B. G. Charles ' s claim

"La plus grande difficulte est, pour un certain

[ 1 992 PN Pembs: lxxxvi] that pronunciations are only given when

nombre de noms d' en retrouver la forme veritable. Pour les pays bretonnants la tache est facilitee par

official spellings were considered "faulty" or "when

En zone anciennement bretonnante, aujourd 'hui franc;aise, ce point d 'appui manque, et les documents sont loin d'y la prononciation actuelle; . . .

of interest and not readily suggested by the spelling" is to be deplored as restrictive. G. 0. Pierce

[1 953:

xxii] gives rather different reasons for not including

suppleer." (my emphasis)

much phonetic notation:

But, notwithstanding this opinion, in the very same

"It is admitted that the weakest part of my treatment

is

the

evidence

concerning

article he contradicted his own recommendations by

the

going

colloquial forms of the names. To an e.x'ient, this is due to the deplorable state of Welsh

on to

use

local

illustrate etymologies

in the area.

French

[ 1 908

J.

pronunciations

Loth:

to

242]. The last

sentence of G. 0. Pierce's quote, above, seems to

Indeed, in many spots it is by now like a part of

recognise the usefulness of local pronunciations even

England, and time after time we found that we

following a language shift in a locality, but his thesis

were too late by a generation or two to be able to

makes

discover the local pronunciation of a great number

no

methodical

attempt

at

collecting

the

'traditional' pronunciations. I. Dafydd, treating an area

of very interesting field-names etc. Nevertheless,

in

one attempted to get hold of some kind of

which native Welsh speakers were no more than a

disappearing

colloquial pronunciation when it was possible to

remnant,

had

a

more

commendable

method, he noted every pronunciation heard by him,

do so, in case there remained in it some trace of

and made clear whether it was a pronunciation uttered

the original form. " (Cydnabyddir mai'r rhan wannaf yn yr ymdriniaeth hon yw'r dystiolaeth parthed ffurfiau llafar yr enwau. Y mae hyn, i raddau yn anochel oherwydd cyflwr truenus y Gymraeg yn yr ardal. Yn

by a Welsh or by an English speaker. I. DafYdd' s thesis ( 1 980) seemed to mark a renewal of emphasis on this neglected aspect of Welsh

wir, y mae, mewn llawer man, fel rhan o Loegr erbyn hyn, a thro ar 61 tro cafwyd ein bod genhedlaeth neu ddwy yn rhy ddiweddar i allu darganfod ynganiad lleol llu mawr o enwau caeau etc. tra diddorol. Ceisiwyd cael gafael ar ryw fath o ynganiad llafar, er hynny, pan oedd yn bosibl g"'neuthur hynny, rhag ofn bod ynddo ryw arlliw o 'r ffurf '.vreiddiol.)

toponymies, and brings Welsh toponymic studies closer in line with their but

G.

A Fychan

avant-garde Celtic counterparts,20 [2001 : XA'Viii, xxx:i-xxxi:i] , despite her

emphasis on oral testimony, does not seem to have carried out comprehensive methodical fieldwork and those pronunciations she did note were transcribed in

This is not a good enough reaso n for not gathering

approximate renditions in Welsh orthography. 2 1 Finally

local pronunciations; whether Welsh is living, dying

I leave the concluding comment to B.

or dead, traditional pronunciations have relevance in themselves, 1 9 or can be invaluable in elucidatii1g the

[1 985: xx] who argues persuasively upon the need to

6

Ciobhain

note, methodically, traditional local pronunciations: "All versions of names supplied by all informants

meaning of the place-name in the original language.

[ 1 908: 222] commented,

are published. V/hile this may seem superfluous it

1 8 I will relate an anecdote which I think will reveal

20 For Brittany: 1 985 H. Ll. Humphreys; 1 990, 1 99 1 ,

The Breton linguist J. Loth

can be justified on the grounds that it is almost

incorrectly in my view, that:

the lack of interest in local

usages.

At

a

1 992c,

conference on place-names held in 1 994, Prof

6

Madeg;

M.

1 995,

1 997a,

Madeg. For Ireland:

DafYdd Jenkins, who had a Welsh-speaking

1 98 5 B.

acquaintance from the area, asked an authority

Kneen, 1 994, 1 995 G. Broderick. For Scotland:

on Flintshire place-names whether he knew that the local \Velsh inhabitants called

harden,

1 984

Hawarden

the non-sequitur which he received

was: "The Welsh name is

Penar-Ldg."

Hawarden harden

at the

traditional Welsh name

expense

Pennarddldg

N.

Coupland,

'Social

Watson & E. Allen. have

co llected

A

number of these

recordings

of

the

2 1 In the section 'Y Traddodiad Llafar' ( ' The oral

Surely

tradition')

of the

[2001 : )LXVi:ii-xxxii] the author emphasises

the ' popular' rather than the ' oral' definition of

is worthy

llafar

and

documents and

Ciobhain. For Man: 1 925-28 J. J.

pronunciations on to tape.

of comment by a toponymist. C.

A.

surveys

the fact that local Welsh-speaking natives call

19

1 995/1 996, M

1 997b P. Pondaven &

linguistic

so

fails

purporting

to to

distinguish

written

transmit

popular

knowledge from the author' s own oral enquiries.

considerations in the pronunciation of Welsh

By rights,

place-names in Cardiff' in 1 984 CWPWL vol.3

evidence and only the second constitutes oral

pp. 3 1 -44.

evidence. XXV

the

first constitutes documentary

The Place-names ofCardiganshire system that leads to uncertainty as to which sound writers are attempting to convey. Sometimes, those who write are English (with no understanding of Welsh and consequently mangle the place-names), others demonstrably - do know \X/elsh; but the fact that both \Velsh and English orthography were not settled until comparatively late means that one can come across variations that are ambiguous even with the latter. An example would be the hydronym noted Nant Main by the OS maps: does this mean 'the brook that is slender' (main), or 'the brook of the stones' (main), or 'the brook of the stone' (maen)? An alternate spelling could settle the question, or better still, the pronunciation: main ' slender' , is pronounced majn; main ' stones', is pronounced mejn; and maen ' stone', is pronounced ma:n. I have established that it is pronounced ma:n, so that the OS spelling is inaccurate. What is written Pant-y-mawn in most written sources is revealed by the local pronunciation panti'mawn to be Pant-ry-mawn (6 1 a) . An added complication is that Welsh place­ names were written by people who effortlessly mixed Welsh and English orthographical standards, thus Tyle c. l 83 0 (41 -a), has E. for W. [ej] (certainly not a Welsh convention); but fmal for W. [e] (likewise not an English convention). There is a duplication of graphemes in Trevas fawr 1 82 1 (4-a), E. and W. both representing [ v] . Most of the conventions of Knwcke y Daddle 1 706 (3-a) are English, such as for [0] and for [k], however, the for [o] is a Welsh convention. All the above cases demonstrate typically English and typically Welsh writing conventions mixed in an apparently desultory fashion. In this century the mode of representing sounds (phonic representation) has improved tremendously. With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) giving a generally accepted method of phonological representation22 one can record the primary manifestation of a place-name (i. e. its spoken form) in a much more precise fashion than hitherto. It therefore seems high time to integrate the methodical recording of the pronunciation of place-names following IPA conventions as one of the prerequisites of place-name studies alongside other well established lines of inquiry. This is certainly the position adopted by students of native cultures of North America; P. 0. Mable & M. S. Beeler [ 1 996: 1 89] , after noting that much of the literature on North American place-names was of "questionable validity", conclude: "The ideal place-name analysis begins with knowledge of how a name was pronounced, what the site was that it referred to, and what its

certainly the last occasion on which the names will be recorded . . . Again, while many versions are linguistically corrupt or idiosyncratic, emanatin� as they do from a milieu of linguistic decay, therr exclusion would not only conceal the very nature and quality of the evidence but would also prejudge its hitherto unexplored potential. In this material for instance, one can observe not only the transformations undergone by the names themselves in both the diachronic and synchronic dimensions, but also the stages in, and the very nature of the process of linguistic decay itself"

The importance of pronunciation Many place-name studies emphasise the need to gather and tabulate written forms of place­ names from documentary sources. While this is the correct procedure - especially if the meaning of the place-name is sought - too often (due to the emphasis on historical forms) the information to be gained from the pronunciation of place-names by local inhabitants has been neglected. A Dauzat in his guidelines [ 1 926: 1 6] noted: "Le repertoire des noms de terrains ou lieux-dits est foumi par le cadastre . . . mais dont les donnees . . . doivent etre completees par des enquetes orales et des recherches d' archives. " In Britain A Mawer & F. M. Stenton [ 1925b: viii] in their guidelines to place-name students, which was to prove so influential to the methodology adopted by the EPNS volumes, said: "The local pronunciation of the place-name is given whenever it is of interest." My contention is that all place-name pronunciations are of interest, indeed one can argue that place-names in historical documents represent the secondary manifestation of a name. Its primary manifestation is as a phonological phenomenon, a sound used in the spoken language. The written forms thus (as far as most place-names are concerned) have sprung from spoken forms and are secondary to them. I thus agree wholeheartedly with B. 6 Ciobhain' s [1 985 : xix] comments : "The most important part of the material is the oral component, including versions of the names and information relevant to various aspects of them." "The author' s sense of urgency in this respect [i. e. collecting oral forms] does not seem to be shared by others," [ l 985 B. 6 Ciobhain : xx] One does not have to refer too much to the corpus of Cardiganshire place-names to notice that place-names have been written using a rather imperfect phonetic

-

22 I treat the differing conventions in IP A notations in greater detail in Wmffre [2003 : 5-30] . XXVI

The Place-names ofCardiganshire names. This serves to remind us that though the IPA is a more precise instrument to note the priw.ary manifestation of place-P..ames, it is not the scientific last \XfOrd - for that recordings \"'/Ould be needed; and even then idiolectal and free variations would :make it difficult to state with absolute certainty what constitutes the usual pronunciation of any one place� name. I must admit that it was generally the collection of a corpus that preoccupied me most. Si..11ce so many places are unknown or simply unlocatable accordir..g to any written documents, I had to concentrate on fmding out the locations of places in my interviews. This, in addition to the usual Piceties of conversation, meant th..at I could not be as discriminatory or as careful in the noting of local pronunciation as I frrst iiuagined I would have been. 24 P. Power ( 1 907 (1952 edn): 1 7] seems to have experienced the same logistical d:ifficulties: "Throughout the work questions of Irish spelling, consideration of grammar, philology and phonetics have been held as of secondary importance. To the writer it has seemed that the first and i111n1ediately itrrportant point was to get the names; many of the latter, if not collec,ied now could never be recovered, whereas the spellh'lg and gram..-nar can afford to wait."

meaning was. In order to ascertain the meaning of a name and that of its constituent parts, a..11 adequate knowledge of the grammatical stmcture of the source language is necessary. Careful work with a knowledgeable native speaker is most desirable . . . I must mention here the thesis of R J. Thomas Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd Cvvmwd Meisgyn . . . ( 1 933) and I . Da:fydd Emwu T 1eoedd C\�.rmwd Deuddwr ( 1 980) as the only Welsh toponyw.ic studies to date that have given phonological representation the due attention it requires. Ho\vever, one can hardly state that it is recognised as a prerequisite amongst Welsh toponymists. G. 0. Pierce' s [1990: 2] does seem to recognise its importance i..11 a recom.rnendation given to would-be toponymists: "Dialectologists often complain that place-name studies are not over-blessed with information about the local pronunciation. \Vherever possible, an attempt should be made to ascertain such oral testimony during the course of investigations and this iP..formation should be recorded in phonetic script." However, to my mi..'ld the "wherever possible" of the above paragraph 1s not strong enough a recommendation, since there are hardly ever 'outside' conditions in an area that has been continuously in..lmbited tlmt make it impossible to pursue oral inquiries. Also it is not only dialectologists and linguists that should complain about the lac..k of locally ascer-..ained pronunciations written in IPi\-.., but anyone who has an h'lterest in learning the etymology of a place-name, and indeed it became obvious to me early on it1 my own studies that pursuing oral inquiries led to extra-linguistic pieces of inforrrmtion. I can highlight the importance of pursuing oral inqumes by referring to one ir£ormant from Llanddewi Brefi who supplied me with at least thirty hitherto undocumented mountairJand place-names which I managed to locate, and at least another fifteen which he would rmve supplied me with had not his sudden death intervened. 23 The Breton toponymist, Bernard Tanguy [p.c.], remarked that he treated phonetic representations of place-names as ' documentary forms' as soon as they were \\'fitten down: just another clue in his search for the meani..'lg of place� "

23

Application of geography Not only have most toponymic studies been lacking in li..n..guistic content, but also in geographical content. If the geographical aspect is ignored through unclear reference to the location of places, new advances in the understanding of the subject vvill be that much more difficult to achieve. The traditional and persistent downplayi..11g of the common, and seemingly trivial, has kept toponymists from recognising microtoponyms, especially field�names, as a subject worthy of study on a par with settlement-names, hydronyrr1s etc. John Field [1 986: 1-54] has given a short 24

These were not unimportant microtopony:ms, but names of hills and conspicuous features. In the neighbouring civil-parish of Caron Uwch­ clawdd, it is only through oral inquiries that I discovered Esgainven, the name of the highest point in this mountainous parish XXVll

Lest one were to think that I gave but littie weight to collecting pronunciation, I will mention a round trip of some 80 wiles from my home in Tregaron to question Nansi Jones, an old wow..an who had retired to Llandrindod in Radnorsbire, with regards to the pronunciation of the stream Briannau (d). The result confirmed a local pronunciation pe'rjane which is of capital importance in sifting the variant fofrrl..s of this othenvise obscure name: may this serve as one example to illustrate the time and cost involved in pursuing local pronunciations.

The Place-names ofCardiganshire survey of the growing importance of field-names in

an 8-figure grid-reference more often than not. Of

the EPNS county volumes.

these he says:

appearance

of

(Buckinghamshire,

the vol 2,

From 1 925 with the

frrst

county

volume

"I have included far more local topographical

1 925) field-names were

information

generally ignored, not being accounted ' true place­

practice.

names' .

scrutinized

They

f:mally

surfaced

in

1 933

(Northamptonshire, vol. 1 0) as a 30 page appendix

Lfl

the discussion than is normal EPNS

Each and

field it

has

was

been

felt

individually

that

such

local

knowledge thus acquired was worth recording;"

[ 1 977 H. W. Owen: xxix]

out of 3 5 0 pages, and from thence the practice of having a field-name appendix became common. It is

Nevertheless, above and beyond reliable localisation

in 1 95 0 (Cumberland, vol.20) that fields were frrst

(which entails, for a methodical listing of fields in a

placed as a fmal section under each individual parish,

parish, the need for 8-figure grid-references with each

which became the ensuing norm of EPNS practice up

name), the perfect method for the study of field-names

[ 1 980 H.

to the present. ( 1 933) was the first Welsh thesis to

is that mentioned by M. Gelling

include field-names in alphabetical order with other

referring to H. D. G. Foxall's work with the Shropshire

place-names (distinguished only from other names by

county volume of the EPNS (in progress):

D. G. Foxall:

v] ,

not being in capitals, i. e. Cae Burbish rather than Y

". . . he is engaged in the preparation of a set of

BOLGOED for a dwelling). But as the ai.1Jls were only

maps, based on the tithe awards and old estate

to treat names of historical or li'lguistic interest in

surveys, which show in graphic fonn the field­

order not to be burdensome

i-ii], it

patterns and field-names of the ancient parishes of

cannot be accounted a methodical approach. ( 1 953)

the County as they existed during the period 1 750-

[ 1 933

R. J. Thomas:

and ( 1 956) had field-name sections under individual

1 850. These maps make it possible to study field­

parishes in accordance with the prevalent method of

names as they should be studied, that is, in relation

the EPNS since 1 950. ( 1 980), which treated one

to the pieces of land to which they belong. The

large parish, had field-names as an appendix, listed

English Place-Name Society's surveys, in order to

under their respective farms, but with no explanatory

reduce a vast quantity of field-name material to a

1 07-21]. This presentation was

manageable and publishable format, employ the

notes

[ 1 980

L Dafydd:

followed by (200 1 ) with two appendices concerning

device of putting the field-names for each parish in

field-names.

alphabetical order. It is doubtful

if they

could be

The promotion of field-name studies from

made available for philological analysis in any other

their relegation to 'dustbin' appendices in EPNS

way, but the system has the effect of separating

volumes has continued, John Field

[1 977

EPNS Journal:

each name from its geographical context, and the

9.24] has pleaded for more detailed localisation of

nature of the loss is at once apparent when a

field-names in toponymic studies:

philologist accustomed to studying alphabetical lists

"If field-name

studies

begin and end in the

of this material is instead confronted with one of

the

Mr. Foxall's beautiful maps. On these the names

charge of triviality must stand. Unless names are

are seen in relation both to the physical nature of

related to the things named, their recital may have

the ground and, since they are linked to significant

a poetic - but hardly an onomastic - value. It

shapes a.11d assemblages of parcels of land, to the

collection

and

publication

of curiosities,

should not really need to be said that detailed

history of the agricultural practices by which the

localisation is called for in respect of field-names

community has maintained itself for a thousand

as of any other toponyms, yet all too often

years or more. "

in the

past, names ' of etymological interest' received no

Due to lacunae in the notation of field-names in

more

nineteenth-century

precise

location

Properly documented,

than

their

county;

...

tithe

maps

even

using

supplementary field-names from estate maps - an

all names c-an then be

be completed

studied in geographical and historical context, and

approach as advocated above could only

more useful conclusions about the pattern of

for something like above three-fifths of the surface of

naming will be possible than with the fragmentary

Cardiganshire. However, I would lilce to point to the

24-

remarkable work of M. Jones, a schoolmistress, who in

It would seem that opinion is gaining ground for

iPitiated by D. Thomas, the inspector of Cardiganshire

information of the present time."

[ 1 977

J. Field:

2 5]

1 92 1 , as part of a scheme for gathering rural lore

localisation of field-names to be part and parcel of the

schools, gathered and mapped all the field-names in the

toponymist' s method. In Welsh toponymic studies

parish of Llanddeinoel

only H. W. Owen ( 1 977/1 983) has followed this line,

approach which has not been utilised to the full is that

including in his study fourteen field-name maps, with

[ 1 92 1 D. Thomas MS B-82]. Another

of noting the altitude of each particular toponyrr., which has been recommended as common toponymies XX:Vlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire practice by T. James & S. Taylor [at the third SNSBI Conference, Aberystwyth 16/04/94]. I have not noted altitude in a methodical way, believing that referring to a map with the 6-figure grid-reference I have provided will answer the question of the altitude of any of the place-names in my corpus of place-names. While there is no doubt that the absolute altitude of a location is not a factor to be wholly ignored, I believe it is the relative altitude that is the most important factor in toponymy (W. Linnard [ 1 982a: 1 83 , 1 88] has studied relative altitudes of coetgae toponyms, and has come to much the same conclusion). Though my primary aim has been to register in a methodical and ex.haustive way all the locatable place-names within Cardiganshire, microtoponyrns and unlocated or lost names have not been included in a systematic way. This is mainly a problem of scale, due to the fact that microtoponyms such as field­ names are less important than settlement-names, natural-feature names, river-names etc. A...s A Mawer & F. M Stenton [ 1 925b: 257] said in 1 925: "It is i..111possible to deal with all these [i. e. field­ names] for more than one reason. In the first place they are too numerous, in the second many of them are without interest, consisting largely of forms which are common in all field-names: further it is but rarely that one has a succession of forms for an individual name such as is often neccesary if any satisfactory interpretation is to be attempted. A selection alone can be attempted." (my emphasis) These are my sentiments exactly excepting the underlined words with which I would replace by usually of less historical interest (which, of course, is not the only interest of the toponymist). Since I have not aimed to collect field-names in the methodical fashion I advocate above, one should not believe that I count this as unimportant. But I strongly believe that a comprehensive study of field-names would entail a different method which would demand a further few years' research. For Cardiganshire I would advocate a separate volume, concerned only with field-names, and with accompanying maps along the lines of H. D. G. Foxall's work mentioned above. 25

A proof of the validation of the distinction between toponyms and microtoponyms can be adduced in bilingual areas from the contrast in language between both categories, illustrative eY.amples of which are found in eastern Brittany where Breton has disappeared and French is the usual language: " . . . le caractere breton des noms de lieux diminue le plus souvent lorsqu' on va des noms de coro..munes aux noms de parcelles: ceci s'explique par le fait que les noms de parcelles sont moins figees que les noms de hameaux, enregistres par ecrit depuis longtemps; les noms des parcelles ont pu evoluer plus facilement selon la designation de ceux qui les mettent en valeur. Il est interesant de constater qu' en Haute-Bretagne certaines communes n' ont plus de breton que leur pro pres noms." [ 1 990 J.-Y. Le Moing: 26] The contrary phenomenon is found in the \Velsh­ speaking parts of Dungleddy (Pembs.) and the Vale of Glamorgan (Glams.), and where there are many English farm-names with Welsh field-names, due, respectively, to a migration of Welshmen to the lowlands after the fourteenth century [ 1 992 PN Pembs: xlvii-xlv:iii] and, to an advance of \Velsh-speaking in the eighteenth century all but wiped out the original English speech [ 1 968 G. o. Pierce: xvii; 1 972 B. L. James: 24-26] . Though I did not set out to gather field­ names, I could not - in the pursuit of my researches ignore certain field-names that I came across. Most came from the tithe surveys of the 1 830s and 1 840s, or from miscellaneous documents that often gave no specific location. I did not specifically ask for field­ names when engaged in making oral enquiries for place-name pronunciations, but they sometimes turned up and so were noted, and even quoted by me as some were very ' interesting' and ' relevant' to other problems with which I had concerned myself As with other categorisations, there is no exclusive way of distinguishing field-names, for example, from inhabited gath farm, the field named Y Weirglodd is divided into the following: Y Ffosiad fawr; Y Deirpig fach, Y Deirpig fawr and Y Ffosiadau. " (Lle byddo cae go fa"'T, adwaenir rhannau ohono weithiau wrth enwau'r ffosiadau. E. e., ar fferm Bryn-y­ gath, rhennir Y Weirglodd fel a ganlyn: Y Ffosiad fawr; Y Deirpig fach, Y Deirpig fawr ... a'r Ffosiadau Meinion.). Likewise in Cardiganshire a part of

25 A cautionary warning for those who might think that field-names are the minutest grade of toponyms is to be found in D. M. Ellis' s note upon field-names in the Abergeirw area of Merionethshire [1952 BBCS: 1 4.284] : "Where a field is particularly large, parts of it are someti..111es knovvn by the names of the ' ditchings' (ffosiadau). For example on Bryn-y-

(c82) Cae Ysgubor (SN 551-710, Ffospilcom, 50-a) was known as Gumdwn Coch, and a part of (cl 33) Cae Delyn (Melingarrog, 51 -a) was called Cae Richard �Mathew as "A man named Richard Mathew had cleared it of gorse."; "About one acre of Penllwyngoleu field is called Fron yr Odyn " (Cilfachau, 5 1 -a) [1 921map M. Jones]. . . .

XXlX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire place-names. Often a dwelling is named from a field,

which overlap and which span from quagmire to

or the fields take their name from an old dwelling that was previously in its bounds_ 2 6

pasture. Dictionaries do not always indicate the exact meani.11g

which these

words

have

in a

particular locality. One should ask an indigenous speaker to point out examples of gwern and gwaen,

Semantics

of ffridd and rhos. " P.� example of this is the meaning of gwaun in western

The

explanation

sometimes be lacki11g

in

of

place-names

can

depth. Going through B .

Pembrokeshire, translated by

G.

moor in English. After rhos was

some time in the area I noticed that the word

Charles' s book, it is striking how often the author is

lacking, further acquaintance with the area brought up

just content to list place-names, justifying it in this

words such as

fashion:

central

"In many of the minor names the meaning is so

(g)weunllyd, which I had never heard in (rhosog being perhaps the

Cardiganshire

equivalent in the latter area).

obvious as to need no comment or so uncertain as

A criticism of the obvious failings of the most

not to warrant it."

( 1 992 B. G. Charles: lxxxvi] This attitude is quite common i.11 toponymic studies,

comparable

work yet

done,

The Place-names

of

Pembrokeshire, will not be out of place here, but only

where, often, the only mode of explanation is that the

in

component elements are given, with referral to the

order to highlight the fact - contrary to what many

might think from a perusal of that book - that the

lexical index "where an account of each element is

place-names of Pembrokeshire are far from having

given". Another good example is the inclusion of

been dealt with once and for all. The failings mentioned

Cefngast (Brees.) in a toponymic book only to explain

are not occasional failings, but have much to do with a

it as:

philological bias of most place-name studies, whereby

"A fannhouse o n a little hill above the Irfon river.

geographical, historical, and even linguistic information

It is certain that name contains the animal's name. (Ffermdy ar fryncyn uwchben afon Irfon. Yn sicr yr

is not exploited to the full. The main point I would like to make is that

anifail sy'n yr enw.) [ 1 993 R. Morgan & G. G. Evans : 1 3]

despite the Rev. A W. Wade-Evans ' s having cogently

As methodology, it should be elementary

argued and demonstrated the importance of gathering

that any topographic element contained within a

information in the locality in a

place-name should be referred (when possible) to the topographical

feature

it

describes.

Failing

a

names

connection between the descriptive force of the name

the last sentence of this extract from B.

unlocatabale

G. Charles

Pembrokeshire

here. "

J.

Field

[ 1 994: 6] explains that :

"Full

interpretations

require

(if p ossible)

the

identification and location of features referred to

Stratford original

their bridge

names, was

when

built

at

Guildford and

are

in

to

The

fact

Place-names

often

still

of

eminently

Welsh versions of New Mill [402] in Bletherston, or of

or

[ 406], though examples for the latter are attested sixteenth century documents.

reference points of places called Easton, Weston,

h'l

Neither is there any

reference to the local Welsh pronunciation of Sheep­ walk [ 403] as Jipwak nor that there existed two places of the same name in the locality, namely Jipwak'iza and Jipw ak' i fa [inf SWDP].

Norton and Sutton. " The semantics of words are not always Evans

according

the Welsh version of neighbouring parish of Clarbeston

Axbridge or West Bridgford, and what are the

exploited to gain a deeper understanding,

of

of local enquiry - is that there is no mention of the

and where the Cambridge

traces

The second consequence - again due t o lack

in the names, such as discovering precisely where the fords which gave Oxford,

shows

locatable, e.g. in Mynachlogddu parish, Blupage 1 836, Blelv Padge 1 841 [ 1 3 1 ] is still known as Patshynglas [inf. L. L. Davies], and the location of Pantglocsen 1 84 1 [1 3 1 ] i s also known [inf. B . Williams, SWDP] ; neither i s the location of Parc-y-droifa (Clydai) lost [377] but it is still known [inf. I. Jones] .

Danygare 1 828 BTs, -gaer 1 842 dan, caer. Nothing is known of a fort

"DAN-Y-GAER, v.

hardly

this methodological failing is that many place-names

in

[ 1 992 : 3 65 ] : TA,

of Pembrokeshire

methodological local enquiries. The consequence of

and the neighbouring physical environment, a note highlighting this ' gap' should be left, as was done

1 93 5 article entitled

'Pembrokeshire Notes' in AC [90 . 1 23-34], The Place­

G. G.

.

[1 985: 77] is right to emphasise that :

Apart

". . . gweun/gwaen, gwern, ffridd, . . . rhos, . . . cors,

from

the

lack

of

local

enquiry,

examples from the corpus of The Place-names of

rnignen and mawnog . . . have a range of meanings

Pembrokeshire seem to have been sloppily assigned as unlocated, e.g. in Moylgrove parish the located Ty 'r A ber 1 84 1 [122] is not connected to the unlocated

2 6 I. Dafydd [1980: xxii] makes exactly the same point. XXX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Tyraber Kybwr 1 84 1 [ 1 24] , neither is the located Pant-gwyn [ 1 2 1-22] equated with the unlocated Pantgwyn 1 583 [ 1 23]; in Monington parish the unlocated Gavel Blaen Evan 1 779 is not connected to unlocated Ravel 1 79 l [ 1 1 3], and though the former is given as derived from gafael, the latter is given as derived from gajl, which is patently incorrect (pace page 775). I am at a loss to understand why Plaindealings (SN 04-28, Henrys Moat) was noted under

of Pembrokeshire falls short of achieving what should be considered the minimum aims of a methodical modern toponymic survey, it behoves me to state unambiguously that it is an impressive work, and will remain an - I should say ' the' - invaluable foundation work for further toponymic research in tro..at county.

Conclusion

the heading "early unidentified or lost minor names", as it is obvious from the accompanying

" 1 89 1

OS

If it can be accepted that for the purposes of

6"

toponymists training in phonetics is too difficult to

that it came from a map source, and is still to be

come by (for which the literary orientation of most

Ruchydwr 1 83 3 of the Clydai parish registers [379] is the Rhych­ y-dWr of neighbouring Penrhydd parish [394] ; the unlocated name Plyg-y-rhiw given under both Clydai and Cilrhedyn parishes [379] is a well-known place just across the Pembrokeshire border in Cenarth (Carms.). found on present OS maps. The unlocated

Welsh departments are to blame) there is no reason that field-work without phonetic training should not form an accepted part place-names

to

place-names,

it

is

referred to as

grafa [ 1 2 1 ]

as

grove

is not attested until

extracted

from

the

1 8 1 6,

is to

local pronunciations

and

Whilst

any

in addition

to the collection of

documentary forms constitutes an improvement of the

parish-name

be found

toponyrnists.

toponymy' that requires fieldwork and IPA notation of

much-vaunted ' traditional EPNS toponymic method'

Rhyd-y­ grove (SN 1 0- 1 4) in the same parish was originally Ryd y Gove 1 583, 1 594, Red y Gove 1 7 1 3 [ 1 22], and is still locally realised hri·d�'go:v [inf I. James] (cf Pentregrove (SO 24-48, Brilley, Heres.), Pentre r Gove [081 834]). Another example of a failing in the place-name,

'traditional'

accumulation of evidence is to be welcomed, the ' new

Moylgrove, just as what is officially written

explanation a

more

established

seems to be the only form of research carried out by many

do not do justice to this name, for the

probably

to

and adds substantially to library researches which

Hafod Grove simplistically composed of hafod, mawr, and OE.

English element was

represented

fieldwork amongst older local speakers complements

the

of Pembrokeshire that can be faulted. Incomplete such

be

recourse

orthographic conventions) it should be obvious from

methodology of the explanations in The Place-names explanations

can

by

my own researches that the fact of carrying out

place-names to be wholly correct as regards the given

(which

impressionistically

Whilst one should not expect any book on explanation

of the toponymists remit.

Independently from representing the pronunciation of

that has too often restricted itself exclusively to the collection of old documentary forms. 2 7

in I.

Dafydd' s study Enwau Lleoedd Cwmwd Deuddwr

( 1 9 80). I. Dafydd [ 1 980: 1 -4] simply explains Llansantfred Cwmteuddt11r as containing the parish and the cowmote name, however, he fails to mention that it is

Cwmteudchvr

and not

Llansantfred which

is

the present name of the village and the church which lie immediately to the west of the river at Rhayader, and that this usage is at least as old as the eighteenth century:

Eglwys Cwm Thythor [ 1760map E. Bowen] . Thus, despite the monumental collection of

documentary forms which that work represents, I felt it is imperative in the above selection to higl-Jight imperfections in The Place-names of Pembrokeshire,

if only

as an indication of the amount of sorting and

analysis

still

needed,

and

to

guard

against

the

analgesic temptation of believing that the place-names of Pembrokeshire need no more attention as they

27 H.

have already been ' dealt with' . And after having noted that in a number of respects The Place-names

Bessat

&

C. Germi

[200 1 : 8-9]

note the lack of

sustained fieldwork amongst French toponymists. XXX!

The Place-names ofCardiganshire ". . . to provide a standardised form of spelling in the Gazetteer of Welsh place-names. It is high time that such poor spellings as Cemaes and Edeymion, for example should be replaced by Cemais and Edeimion, and that such anglicised and stereotyped forms as Kerry and Trelleck be restored to Ceri and Tryleg." In my own work I have decided to discount the OS forms as the basis for my headwords, and have attempted to write the headwords consonant with 'correct' Welsh orthography and pronunciation. This is mainly because Welsh in Cardiganshire is the native, historical and actual language, of this particular portion of the earth's crust; which furthermore (at the time of writing) is not a little-known language that is long lost and beyond recall. Toponymic studies that ignore the main language of their area of study (as some Welsh examples have done) should be condemned, not only from the point of view of the language ignored, but also from the point of view of the general objective of any study which aims to be set in the tradition of social sciences, namely, to fully describe the interactions of human societies as they actually are or were. Other reasons for not adhering slavishly to forms on official maps as authority for spelling place-names can be ascribed to common-sense, and are given below in a tabulated form: 1) The place-names of Cardiganshire are overwhelmingly Welsh, and though the OS has not mangled the names to the extent it did in Ireland, or as French officials did in Brittany, the OS continues the traditional English bias of the British state and does not reflect the perception of place-names as experienced by the native inhabitants2 (this is wholly comparable to the

SPELLING GUIDELINES

Headwords The headword (or entry-heading) is the form of a place-name for the purposes of reference, and is usually viewed as the correct form in opposition to any possible variant. Most toponymic works give as headwords the forms of place-names as found upon official maps. This is also the case in Wales, where the most recent advice given by G. 0. Pierce [ 1 990: 2] to Welsh toponymists was: "Entries should have as the main heading the form of the name currently to be found on OS maps." 1 On the whole this has been followed by Welsh toponymists. This has been done even when there were misgivings, for example, B. D. Harries [1 956: xxx] had made clear that in his case this practice was followed by him: ''It is for the sake of consistency and not for correctness that the map forms are quoted;" (Er mwyn cysondeb, nid oherwydd cywirdeb y dy:tynnir ffurfiau'r mapiau ar yr enwau;)

A more recent toponymist has not followed the OS as sole authority, and has veered slightly from using OS forms as headwords: "only when forms which are patently more accurate or more commonly accepted present themselves." [1 985 G. G. Evans: 78] On the other hand, other toponymists, especially those who produced Welsh works, aimed to have headwords that adhered to the 'correct' Welsh spelling of place-names, e.g. " . . . it was intended to follow, as best as one could, the main recommendations in Orgraff yr Iaith Gymraeg ( 1 928), for the sake of uniformity and consistency throughout the book." ( . . .

2

amcanwyd dilyn, orau y gellid, yr argymhellion bras yn Orgraff yr iaith Gymraeg, 1 928, er mwyn sicrhau unffurfiaeth a chysondeb drwy'r llyfr.) [ 1 938 R. J.

Thomas: viii] This was true of M. Richards in his Welsh Administrative and Territorial Units [1 969a: x-xi], one of the main purposes of his work being: 1

This was also the recommendation of Terry James at the third SNSBI conference, Aberystwyth 1 6/04/94, noting that the Carmarthenshire survey of place-names (in progress) has adopted as headwords the forms of the frrst edition of the 1 :25 000 OS maps, published between 1 946 and 1 956. XXXll

For an enlightening description of how the OS approached the spelling of Welsh place-names when it set about mapping Wales in the nineteenth century, see 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters. They emphasise that the OS - on the whole - took great pains to attain a correct and consistent spelling. However, in their zeal in defending forms finally chosen by the OS mapmakers, I detect a bias, for they describe the OS policy of keeping to local spelling usages as [127], [ 1 24], "rationaf' "'practicaf' "commonsense" [99, 1 08, 1 2 1 ] , in opposition to the "emotionalism" [128] displayed by those who wished to write place-names in accordance with the orthography of Welsh which included the noted Welsh scholars Walter Davies, John Rhys, and J. Gwenogvryn Evans (admittedly there was not a wholeheartedly agreed orthography until

The Place-names ofCardiganshire pronounced identically; the fact that in different place-names the same word may be spelt Bailey or Beili, and Bailea or Bayliau, does not mean that they are in any intrinsical way different the one from the other. 4) The simple fact is that OS forms can often be wrong; and in my opinion, in the light of further knowledge, it is incorrect to perpetuate what are known to be errors. The wholesale imposition of methods used in the English Place-name Survey on Welsh toponymic research is not always for the best, witness a recent distribution map of Cardiganshire place-names [ 1 994 R A Dodghson: 360] which had the pedantically misleading "place-name element kil- + cil- + ciliau.", which is simply the Welsh word cil, a well-attested word (kif­ being no more than an anglicised spelling, and ciliau being the plural). This kind of approach to etymology is acceptable for barely understood ancient languages (which may be the case when discussing the toponymy of England or elsewhere) but not for Welsh toponymy. The above mentioned presentation simply betrays a lack of familiarity of the Welsh language on the part of the writer. Having declared my policy I am nevertheless aware that there is much to guard against when deciding upon the form of a headword. E. Phillimore was quite right to give the warning: "translators have no business to alter established and technical names in order to meet their etymological views which are matter for notes or a glossary . . " [E. Phillimore in 1 892 Cymmrodor: 172-73]

distorting effects resulting from the latinisation or frenchification of English names in medieval documents [ 1 992b c. Clark : 1 73-74]). 2) Since no one edition of the OS maps contains every possible place-name, one is forced when compiling a methodical place-name list to resort to different maps of different periods. More often than not variation in forms given to place­ names appear in the different OS map editions published between 1 8 1 1 and 1 982, which would make difficult an undisputed, homogenous, and uniform listing of spellings. 3) To keep slavishly to map forms, even when the Welsh is grammatically correct, may distort the corpus; both Pen-y-cnwc and Pen-cnwc may be

the period 1 893-1 928). The opposite camp, in wanting the Welsh place-names to be written in accordance with the rules of Welsh orthography, were emphatically no less "commonsensical", "rational", and "practical" than the OS. However, the battle lines of this debate are blurred, as it was the OS itself which was largely responsible for the respelling of many farm-names in Cardiganshire in the early part of the nineteenth century, over the head of local spelling practices, and in accordance with the spelling of Welsh dictionaries. Furthermore, to invoke local usage as an authority for a map form could be a victim of cir�ular argument, as many local people probably did exactly as R Lloyd-Williams, the surveyor of Denbighshire County Council who noted in 1 893 that if "in the least doubt as to the proper way of spelling Welsh names", he was "in the habit of consulting the Ordnance Survey for confirmation" [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 25]. The stated policy of the OS according to J. B. Harley & G. Walters [ 1 982: 98] : "The traditional rule of the Department - it is still followed today - is to be guided primarily by local custom and usage, monitored by both written sources and individual 'authorities' , and thus arriving at an appropriate form for the name." sits uneasily with the appearance of Bryn Tynllwyn and Bryn Copa in the 1 982 OS edition, for the Tyn-llwyn Hill and Copa Hill of earlier OS editions, both show signs of a non­ local welshification as the local term for 'hill' is bane, not bryn, and this is proven, at least in the case of Bryn Copa, as the Copa Hill of the earliest OS editions was a mistake for Copperhill, a mine name, see sub Brynllwyd (7 1b); Copperhill (61 -a).

.

Why Welsh? The Welsh and their country were conquered by the English state between the eleventh and the thirteenth century and have subsequently borne the domination of their English neighbours in a variety of fields, not least the favoured position of the English language. The ensuing coloniser/colonised situation between English and Welsh is reflected in the designations given to the same places, so that the town named Cardigan in English, is named Aberteifi in Welsh, there being no relation between the two names. In Cardiganshire, as in Wales as a whole, a dual designation of a particular location is of course dependent upon which language is being used, but this duality does lead to an added complication when compiling a list of place-names - one largely absent in English toponymic studies - which language will be chosen for a headword? This never posed me a problem: I have preferred native Welsh forms.

XXX:lll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire by the OS maps, such as doubling of consonants, and use of circumflexes, though these had been receiving the attentions of the Welsh scholar Walter Davies during the 1 820s [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 03, 1 1 7] . From the 1 840s onwards the OS, or more specifically the Boundary Office of the OS, became more i."lvolved in checking the suitability of place-name spellings, and by the 1 870s the Boundary Office had appointed a specialist scholar to look over the the final form of Welsh place-names. The specialist appointed was the Rev. Thomas Rowland (1 824-94), the author of Welsh Grammar ( 1 853), then regarded as the standard description of the Weish language [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 20] . The appearance of the first edition of the larger scale 6-i.."lch maps (in 1 89 1 for Cardigansr..ire) had led to renewed controversy as to the spelling of Welsh p lace- names as a result of which the Dorington Committee of the OS was established in 1 893 which looked into the question of criticism of the OS's notation of Welsh place-names4 and recommended that for each county a competent Welsh speaker nominated by the county council should examine the proofs. Cardiganshire County Council nominated the reputed scholar John Humphreys Davies ( 1 871 -1 926) [ 1 9�Q J . B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 27-28], and the corrections between the flrst edition 6-inch map of Cardiganshire of 1 891 and the second edition which was published i..11. 1 904 are probably largely due to hi.-rn The first formal statement of guiding principles for the spelli.'lg of \Velsh toponyrr.s appears to have been the pamphlet entitled Instructions to Field Examiners on the Orthography of \Velsh Names: with Rules for Compoundi.11g L11itialing and Accenting under Various Conditior1s of 1 883 v•nitten by T. Rm..vland & R 0. Jones (lieutenant�colonel and head of the Boundarj Office of the Ordnance Sunrey, and hh'11Self a Welsh speaker) [1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters : 1 2 1 ] . The 1 883 guidelines consisted of a set of mles under twenty headings, and \vas important due to the fact that the principles i.11fluenced later guideli..11.es, even though the accepted orthography of \Velsh had not yet been settled. The efforts at standardisation of \Velsh orthography between the dates of 1 893 and 1 928 - all involvi.11.g John Morris-Jones - culminated with the UPiversity of \Vales' s publication of Orgraff yr Iaith 1 928. UP�urprishqgly, as the Gytr.araeg (OIG) orthographical debate had centred around forms for dictionary vvords, the accepted forrr.s for 'Nelsh toponyrr1s were understanti� bly neglected The question of an agreed form of representation of \Velsh place-names finally came to be addressed by the

\Vhich \Velsh ' standard' spelling? It may seem a straightforward enough decision to write place-name head"vords accordi.'1g to Welsh conventions, but whilst the conventions of Welsh spelling are not as varied as Breton or Cornish, there are differences of opinion on many minor aspects. These minor differences are not wholly resolved, especially i_n the case of place-names, these being usually rather peripheral to the interest of the literary-centred Welsh grammars. The usual authority cited for the correct spelling of Welsh place-names is the University of Wales's Board of Celtic Studies's A Gazetteer of Welsh Place-names: Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd (1 957), but my own conventions differ from it in a few respects. I think that it will be beneficial to discuss the notion of 'standard' spelling, and its development before moving to the description of my own conventions.

,

The developn1ent of ' standard' guidelines for noting Welsh place-names Wnilst the earlier place-names from the sixteenth to the mid eighteenth centurj had a variety of spellings, the composi.11.g elements were assiduously kept separate. By the late eighteenth century, there is a marked increase i..11. spelli..11.gs that reflect the local pronunciation in the docu..'Tientation (perhaps, partly, due to the increase in the amount of the documentation from that period). The late eighteenth century also appears to have been a time when the spelling of place-name elements began to accord with their \Velsh dictionary foriTl� , and this tendency became the norm adopted by the Ordnance Sunrey, under the superi."ltendance of Thorr.t3-s Colby, in the early 1 820s [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. \Valters : 1 10], when worl

m

the

ultimate

irrespective of map forms - which are misleading

seen thus spelt, but one can quote Le\,;vJS

[ 1 485a] : G6attgyn [ 82] , Hobgyn [169].

and

40

Hopgyn,

act' are never seen \\lfitten as

As there remains regional variation in monosyllables I have always noted final zsa

39 However such borrowings from English as

actio 'to *acdio.

this respect - to uniformly lenite feminine

an adjective, e. g. Biif.fa l (72-a) � Piif.fald 1 747; Ddisgwylfa (5 l�b) � Disgwilfa 1 83 9, Disgwylfa 1 904; Garregddiddos gareg'�i{bs (59-b), Careg

syllable

, e.g. eri!! (lit. erai!l), cymint (lit. cymaint), as \vel! as the usual . These last two p ersonal-names are not commonly Glyncothi

in polysyllabic Pentref­

rather than

referents whether standing alone, or followed by

sometL.rnes gave

38

Pentre-isa (1 7-a)

isaj40 b)

in that

uniformly elide final

words, e.g.

act, *acd or

'-"'...-a;

rather

,

than

exception being the word

noted tre, uPJess TreJIJJn, 33�a).

x-Jv

the

e.g.

Blaenplwyf­

Blaenpb,y-isa

(the

tref wPich is ahvays is to be heard, e.g.

The Place-names ofCardiganshire Ddiddos

1 891 ;

Garregslic (59-b)

�

Careg Slic

into two classes : i) those given locally, and, ii) those bestowed by foreign officials, voyagers, or maritime cartographers. It is well to keep this distinction in mind. As far as I know, the representation of place­ names with an English origin, from the point of view of Welsh orthography, has not been discussed before. Having declared that I write Welsh place-names according to Welsh conventions, the possibility of writing place-names of English origin according to two differing conventions (that of Welsh and English) demands further discussion. I have attempted to carry out two conflicting aims: firstly not to 'tamper' with English place-names just in order to create a misleadingly 'pure' Welsh corpus - which would certainly paint an unreal picture, but, on the other hand, I believe that preserving English conventions for every place-name of English origin could be equally misleading regarding the reality on the ground - and conveying this reality should be the toponymist' s basic objective as a social scientist. By 'reality on the ground' I am alluding to the fact that most of the 'English' place-names also became 'Welsh' toponyms due to the fact that they were the almost exclusive 'possession' of Welsh speakers. This 'possession' is highlighted by the singular pronunciations by which many are known throughout Cardiganshire. On the map the representation of these place-names is unremarkable, but if we ignore the map with its officialising I uniformising tendencies for a moment (as we also need to do sometimes concerning many disguised Welsh names) we come across an interesting phenomena of language mix and fossilised phenomena. Some English place-names in Cardiganshire go back at least to the thirteenth century, their presence became obvious in the eighteenth century with the mushrooming of inn-names, and they increased enormously in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The mode of infiltration of English into Cardiganshire means that there is temporal variety in the English place-names, and this temporal variety reflects different stages of English pronunciation, stages sometimes preserved through fossilisation as Welsh place-names. It is the temporal variety of English place-names in Cardiganshire that makes them difficult to treat even-handedly, even if this were possible. My aim has been to highlight those pronunciations that are ' singular' by the standards of Modern Welsh or English, e. g. Codatsh, Rhal, Nefi­ hiil, Bondaj, Mowntan, Sbeit. It is possible to note these names in English orthography as was the tradition in official documents: Cottage, The Hall, Navy Hall, Bondage, Mountain, Spite, but this would not convey what these names became in the Welsh

1 89 1 .

c)

to elide open vowels in pre-stress position mostly - when following another element or defmite article, e.g. Ysgwarnog (78-b) vs. CerrygsgMiamog (32-b) vs. Cnwc-y-sgwamog (3a); Ysgoldy-fach (3 1-a) vs. Creigau 'rsgoldy (72b); Ysgubor-y-banc (74-a) vs. Cnwcsgubor (27-a); Parcmryson (9-a) vs. Cnwc-y-mryson (34-b) ( � ymryson); Ffynnon.ffeirad (14-b) vs. Twlc-y­ .ffeirad (32-b) (� o.ffeiriad); Pantsguthan (1 4-a) (� ysguthan); Cwmsgawen (25-a) (� ysgawen); Dolbolion (40-a) ( � ebolion). Some dialect forms, particularly those which are demonstrably old and widespread have also been represented: instead of in those areas where it d) is thus pronounced, e.g. Boudyau (24-a) rather than Beudyau; Bola-houl (23-a) rather than Bola-haul; Fronhoulog (8-a) rather than Fronheulog. e) noting place-names without the jod, e. g. (59-a) FfYnnongeinog than rather FfYnnongeiniog; Bryntrapau (34-b) rather than Bryntrapiau. f) noting rather than (and cwarel rather than nW. chwarel). noting the realisation of the clusters , g) , rather than , , , e.g. Llainbanal (77-a) rather than Llainbanadl; Howni (d) rather than *Hodni; Pen-y-genfen (58-a) rather than Pen-y­ gefnen. h) noting the regional form of miscellaneous words, e.g. gwachal gwachel for gochel; meudr for * beudr; strj;t for stryd; ysgwarnog for ysgyfarnog; tywad for tywod, ysg!aig for ysgolhaig etc. i) noting the y form rather than the yr form of the defmite article before initial [j], e. g. Jard-goed Ynyslas ;,,jard 'g :ljd (75-a), rather than Yr lard Goed 1 95 8, as well as before the word hwyad (pl. hwyaid) which is pronounced hwiad (pl. hwied hwi:d) rather than * hujad (pl. *hujed), e.g. Pwll-y-lnvyad (35-a) for Pwll yr Hwyad 1 79 1 . �

�

�

�

�

�

English place-names Though there is an incontrovertible preponderance of Welsh toponyms in Cardiganshire, it would be well to remember that not all place-names in Wales - or even Cardiganshire - are Welsh. A substantial minority are English. These divide neatly xlvi

The Place-names ofCardiganshire and Shop Mynydd [ 1 982 J. B. Harley & G. Walters: 1 1 6] , are emphatically not so when given their Welsh guise: Pen­ y-stryt, and Siopmynydd. Tancwarel (59-a) was given as Tan y Quarry in 1 844. It is the purism of the Welsh dictionary tradition and Welsh literary figures, obstinately refusing to admit any words that had an English origin, that has hindered the development of a spelling of these words according to Welsh conventions. They remained English even after they had passed into every dialect of living Welsh. Slowly, with the passage of time up to the present, Welsh spellings of these words have become more established. For the present-day Welsh reader, a striking feature of Welsh books of the period 1 85 0--1 91 4 is that when these words of English origin were noted in a Welsh context (usually a quoted speech), they would be noted in conventional English orthography in italics, even though their pronunciation could be markedly different from the original English word: 1 864 B. Williams : yn eu clogs (9] . 1 88 3 J. Evans : y vestry [38]. 1 892 T. E. Morris : signio [80] . 1 894 1 Evans : y clock [ 1 42] 1 897 J. V. Morgan : ei fusness [125]; ar front pwlpud [ 1 34] ; introducio [ 1 42] ; yn sound [ 1 43] ; just mewn pryd ( 1 55]; e1 foundry [ 1 56] . 1 898 J. Hughes : yn odd [ 1 4] ; a business [56]. 1 906 J . J. Morgan : y shaft [34]; i'r balloon [ 1 1 0] ; y spite mwyaf [ 1 28] ; y glass [ 1 32] ; y group [ 1 35]; eu drivio [ 1 66] ; beth yw'r odds i ti [ 1 90] ; ei shawl [239] ; y plantation [240] ; a simmero [453]; y sign (567] . 1 907 l Evans : sticko . . . at eich gwaith [ 1 08]. Other examples are "booko" [1 8002hWFM MS 1 696/22t "hooliganiaid" [ 1 906 Genedl Gymreig: 27/03/06). It is such practices that explain why spellings such as siop, ffatri, stesion etc, are hardly ever found written as such in documents of the period. The influence of English conventions on Welsh spelling continues in the spelling of Bethesda instead of Bethesta; Ewrop instead of Iwrop (+-- E. Europe); and symbol, symffoni, synthesis, system instead of sumba!, sumffoni, sunthesis, sustem (no Welsh speaker realises these words as *s�mb:ll,

environment of Cardiganshire, nor demonstrate variations that betray their temporal origin. That such names of English origin were treated just the same as the surrounding Welsh names is evident, from New­ inn (Carms.) which became part of a Welsh place-name in Mynydd New Inn 1 8 1 2, (much the same as the neighbouring M[ynydd] Pencarreg and M[ynydd] Llanybydder [OS1 812]); or Cross-Inn-fach [ 1 928 CAST: 6.54 ] 41 and Cross Inn fawr 1 779 [ 1 779 M. Richardson MSS: 449] ; Whitehall-isa and Whitehall-ucha (SN 78-44, Rhandinnwyn, CanllS.) [inf. D. Davies] , and Temple­ building-isa + -ucha tempJ,brldiiJ'i·Ja + ·�za (Cribyn, 25-a) [inf. M. Thomas] . Place-names which contain components found in both languages need to be treated with care, because due to the contrary order of elements in Welsh and English syntax one can in these cases assign a place-name to one language or the other. In Welsh the referent (usually a noun) precedes the qualifier (an adverb or a noun), whilst in English the qualifier (an adverb or a noun) precedes the referent (usually a noun). The clearest example of difficulty in assigning a language of origin to a place-name is the mansion usually written as Lodge Park, where both elements are English loanwords, but in fact it constitutes a Welsh coining, which I write Lojparc (77-a). The Welsh interpretation gives ' lodge of the park', rather than the English interpretation 'park of the lodge' . Early OS forms do in fact give Park Lodge, which would be the equivalent of W. loj y

pare. 42 However, in most cases the order of the elements enable us to confidently interpret a name as Welsh or English, so, for example, Turnpike-bach on the OS maps is evidently a Welsh place-name, whilst Aeron Villa is an English place-name. The second is a hybrid name, with a Welsh river-name with an English element, whilst the frrst is a hybrid name only in appearence. Turnpike-bach is not a true hybrid, because it is an anglicisation of the true form which was Trympeg-bach (sub Coedmor Lodge, 3-a). Whilst - admittedly - the first element trympeg is a welshified form of E. turnpike, trympeg is a Welsh word, and not an English word, in just the same way that many English words are ultimately anglicised versions of French words. What appear as hybrid names from the OS maps of Flintshire, Pen y Street,

*s�mf:lni, *s�neesis, *s�stem). 43 The unaccented

41 This place was the kernel of the present-day village ofLlanf:thangel-ar-arth (Carms.). 42 To confuse matters there also exist some Welsh

43 This was the view of J. Gw. Griffiths in an article entitled 'Cymreigio'r upsilon' [ 1 951 Lienor: 30. 1 7980] though he based his argument on the fact that the Greek was nearest W. , whilst Greek was nearest W. (an argument which I regard as irrelevant).

examples of Pare Lodge, which could constitute an equivalent of E. Lodge Park, but may have been influenced by the surrounding park which is sometimes named after the lodge! xlvii

The Place�names ofCardiganshire medial syllable in English is elided in \Velsh speech

headv.rords. He replaced the English article

but tends to be preserved in Welsh v-.rritings, e. g. pn.

the Irish article

Abraham abram, tn. Bethlehem beeiem; bungalow b�.gg!o; factory fa(k)tri; camera kamra; liquorice hknJ; lottery btri; vicarage vikred3; parliament par(l)mcnt; amra! for E . 'admiral' [ 1 759 in 1949 H. Owen: 2.412] . That elision of the unaccented medial syllable of English is old is demonstrated by L. Dv.T.n [c. l 600: 1 . 27] \Vriting the f. pn. Alison and the sn. } 1ortimer as �4lson and .Lll 1ortmer. The E. pn. Olil'er became O{fitr h'1 Welsh, e.g. Ol.fir [c. l600 L. D"'Till: 1 . 36 ] Olvir Morris (MachyP..lel fu., Monts.) [ 1 757 L. Morris in 1 949 H. Owen: 9 1 5], Cardiganshire sn. Oliver pronounced :l!vrr [ir..f ] ; and the E . sn. Salisbury was commonly written Salsbri in Welsh texts of the sixteenth century and we also fmd Ymambri ' in

Castle

a),

b)

�

Saint David; Well, 1 7-a).

d'

not to write the genitive apostrophe < '> next to e. g. Miners (59-a), Sailors Home (20-a), Gilbertsons Row (70-a), rather than Miners ', Sailors ' Home, or Gilbertson 's Row (it is, in any ,

case,

strategy with confidence for Cardiganshire I would names in anglicised parts of Waies as there is no

not

wholly beyond doubt

whether

the

origL.'lal of the

name was

A1iner 's Arms

or

Sailor 's Home).

I feel somewh_at vi.n.dicate

by

the usage

continuous living vVelsh tradition to double-check for

of English speakers,

d

seen in the

Kings-side (which seems to have applied to Gwaith Graig-fmvr (6 1 a)): "This form o f spelling [i.e. King 's Side] comment on the English name

errors as there exists h'1 Cardiganshire. In contrast to some other counties have a much needs

rapidly became mutated to Kingside and this was

unravelling, where the meeting of two tongues poses

the speliing which was usualiy used after about

the question as to which language is concerned. In

1 850." [ 1 979

fact my decision is probably prompted by the fact that

c)

Cardiganshire is such a Welsh county, and thus very and

e.g.

�

e. g.

not venture a Welsh ' correct' spelling for some place­

England,

saint,

when followed by a refere t it needs to b note

written sources. Whilst I have been able to adopt this

obscure

in names follO\-\ling the Saint Paul (65-a), Saint David (65rather than Saint Pauls Saint Davids (thouQh

not to v�vrite ger.iti'\:ve title

the ' official' version I have kept to the form in the

of

6 Ciobb.ain: XXYiii ) .

decided: a)

there were Welsh versions parallel or different from

areas

[ 1 985 B.

on the spelling conventions of English place-names, I

from Celtic countries) . Unless I have evidence that

most

xxviii] .

have attempted to uniformise certain variations. I have

case with certai.11 contemporary sources of toponyms

from

B. 6 CiobhaL.'1:

[ 1 985

\VPich

Dzt11kerron

Whilst I do not pretend to have a sufficient

only ever had English forms (tr.Lis can certainly be the

different

Ciobhain:

corpus of English toponyms to warrant a firm opinion

falsely reinstate Welsh names onto place-names which

toponymy is generally more

B. 6

names

Guidelines for English place-names

to an int1ated sense of chauvinism or nationalism) to

that

Dun Cianiin Castle

Gairdin &;yers

their worthy and rightful place, I have not tried (due

history

English

place-names should be left in the original spelli..1g 1 , 1.e.

Whilst one o f my aims i n the work i s to

toponymic

' corrected'

or anglicised personal names, forw.i11g part of Irish

promote the native Welsh forms of place-names to

complicated

to

with

But he found it a subj ective exercise whether English

Banbury' (Llandydoch) [c. l 600 Egerton MS 1 586: 8 1 ] .

more

also

contained an Irish place-name, such as

,

Cardiganshire,

He

the,

when the rest of the formation

V·!as a 'genuinely Irish forro..ation' [ 1 985 xxviii] .

..

..

an/na,

CER:

8.424] .

hill and pleasant Castlehill, fl.1ountpleasant, rather than Castle Hill, Mount Pleasant or Castle-hill, Mount-pleasant. to joL.'1 ftnal elements such as etc, e.g.

whose needs

referri.t1g to more than one language. \Vrillst I would not necessaril�l advocate the flouting of OS forn:1s in England, I feel it

is

the best thing to do in the case of

Conclusions

most of \X/ales, or at least \tvhere \l./elsh place..-names are predmninant within living memory. Concerning

Despite the fact that the forms of words

place-names that have not survived to the present

contai..11ed i.11 the headwords of the place-name corpus

century,

I have had no

quahllS

of tbis work are not always identical to the forms of

i.t1 producing a

the \\'Ords found

modernised headword, for vVelsh lends itself well to

in contemporary dictio:r1aries, for ease

modernising (T. James & S. Taylor [at the third Congress

of reference I r..ave put the dictionary form of words L.'l.

of t.�e

the lexical breakdown of each entry, and I give a few

SNSBI,

Aberjstvvyt.�

1 6/04/94]

recommended

illustratory examples below:

"hypothetical reconstructed fonns" for \Velsh place­

names when they conta�ed "recognisable elements"). In Ireland B. same

policy

0

Ciobhain has adopted the

of favourL.'lg

the

Irish

fonr.s

for xlviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

Brynce.syg

analysed as

[bryn + y + cesig]

Argoed-ag-Ystrad

analysed as

[tn. Argoed (3 3-a) + ac + tn. Ystrad (33-a)]

Cerrygnvyn

analysed as

[cerrig + yr + "Wyn]

Gwachaldagu

analysed as

[gochel + tagu)

However, place-names are excepted from conforming to dictionary forms in the lexical breakdown of each entry, thus whilst

Cerrygbendigaid is analysed as + bendigaid], the nearby Magwyr Cerrygbendigaid is analysed as [magwyr + tn. [cerrig

Cerrygbendigaid (59-b)] .

x1ix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire

G EN ERAL ABBREVIATIONSI []

II II II

()

(2x) { }

>

- a) editor's comments b) phonetic rendering in IPA c) letters missing - complementary contextual variation between forms either side ofthe slash (cf [ � ]) - phonemic rendering in IPA - phonetic symbols between double slashes ' a broad IPA rendering, most often used when dealing with both members of a vowel-pair (see Wmffre 2003 pp. 7-9, 29) - quote - a) loose quote, paraphrase, if a sentence or a phrase b) modernised orthography, or tampered form, if a tn. or pn. - a) usual meaning of an aside b) if upon following a date, another date is immediately given in brackets, indicates the date of surviving document. - tn. written twice upon map source - a) in text, a cross-reference b) in the corpus, a palaeographical note, or source of variant reading c) in bibliography, a reference to the source - graphemic rendering - a) if following a date, terminus post quem b) if preceding a date, terminus ad quem shows direction of linguistic development - a) shows direction of linguistic development b) water-course flowing into another water-course - hyphen (often found as < > during eighteenth-nineteenth centuries) - date of death - before a form, a reconstructed or unattested spelling or pronunciation - pronunciation extracted from place­ names, rather than from the living language - a) 'free' variation between forms either side of symbol (cf [ I ]) -

=

t

*

+

G. 0. Pierce noted in 1 990 that: "No standard list of abbreviations for use in place-name studies as such appears in the University of Wales Press publications ." A project under the supervision of P. W. Thomas at Cardiff University is at present preparing a bibliography of Welsh toponymic studies, but was not ready for use by this study.

b) link between a hydronym 's outlet location and source location, i.e. 45 -63 6067 gives the outlet ofthe Aeron river at SN 45-63 and its source as SN 60-67 - quoted phonetic spelling adapted to the conventions outlined in Wmffre 2003 pp. 530 (esp . p. 1 3) - ellipsis a: - aber, mouth of river (a) - if following a numeral and hyphen, habitation, dwelling abstr. - element (or elements) oftn. abstracted from another tn. acr. - acronym adj . - a) adj oining b) adjective AN-F. - Anglo-French alias Anglo-Norman ai. ioc. - alio loco, i.e. referring to 'another location' al. nom. alio nomine, i.e. referring to 'another name' als. - alias, or 'also known as' - attested as early as att. b. - built b: - blaen, source of river (b) - if following a numeral and a hyphen, natural feature B - Baptist, Christian denomination B. - Breton - baronet bart. BCW. - Breton-Cornish-Welsh (terms identical in all three languages) B-F . - Breton French, alias Gallo (BGCh) - forms noted by 1 992 B. G. Charles but not double-checked by myself. (bgh) - borough Bibl. - biblical bn. - bardic name - Brittonic Britt. C. - Cornish C - when between brackets, e.g. < >, [ ] , I I, II II, a consonant, for example is short for - circa, or 'about' c. (c) - a) if alone, or if preceding a numeral, campus!cae, field-name, or natural feature (not a dwelling) b) if following a numeral and a hyphen, _ nver-name. - charter cart. C-E. - Cornish-English, Anglo-Cornish, English dialect ofCornwall cens. - census cent. - century - compare cf (chp) - chapelry, chapel clos. - closed �

-

The Place-names ofCardiganshire - Calvinistic Methodist, Christian

fol.

denomination

Col.

- Colonel, military title

form.

coiL

- collective place-name, e.g. Esgairmeini being the collective name of Esgairmaen­ fach, Esgairmaen-fawr, Esgairmaen-ganol, and Esgairmaen-newydd (34-a)

Fut.

CM

(com) compl. contd.

- continued - correspondence

- German

G-P.

- dedicated to, followed by a saint' s name

- Gallo -Pritanic, Gallo-Brittonic (the ancient

(h)

- hamlet

hn.

- hydronym, water-course name name

denom. - denomination ofN onconformist religious

(ho)

building

hsn.

depr.

- depreciative

des c.

- descriptive, a description of a place described, rather than a naming of it, e.g.

bd3'park for Park Gate (77-a)

or river

- house, dwelling

- hereditary surname

(hun)

- hundred

I

- Independent, Christian denomination

id.

- idiolect, personal and idiosyncratic - id est,

pronunciation

dest.

- destroyed

I.e.

dis g.

- 'disguised ' place-name. 2

I-E.

E.

- a) English

e

- grange

Celtic language of Gaul and Britain)

- Cambridge University Press

i

Germ.

(gng)

- cottage(s)

bd3

- Gaulish

not double-checked by myself

corr.

ded.

- Future

G.

(GMG) - forms noted by 1 94 8 G. M. Griffiths, but

- completed

- consecrated

CUP

- forthcoming

gen.ed. - general editor

- commote, C\vmwd

cons.

cott(s).

forthc.

-folio, or 'unnumbered page in manuscript'

- formerly

Imp .

- eastern

incl.

or 'that is '

- Indo-European

- Imperative - including

mcorp.

- chapel or church incorporated as an

English pronunciation - church, ecclesia

in£

- oral information without specific

eB .

- eastern Breton

ed.

- a) after name, editor

infra.

- refer (back) to

IPA

- International Phonetic Alphabet

e.g.

- exampla gratia, or 'for example'

Ir-E.

- Irish-English, Anglo-Irish, English dialect

- enlarged

L. leaflet

- Latin

b) if followed by phonetic symbols, (ec)

b) after date, edition en.

enl. esq .

- ethnic name - esqmre

institution within a denomination provenance

in Ireland.

- unpublished or insubstantial pieces of

est.

- established

work, loose sheets of contemporary origin

etc

- etcetera, or 'and so on'

not kept in any repository noted (Welsh) or

F.

- French

neccessary.

extr.

(English), (title) or (author); if thought

- see abstr.

f

- feminine

leg.

- facing page

- lege,

fac.

(lib)

- liberty

fn.

- feminine noun

(1/m)

- lordship or/and manor, lord

(lp)

- lordship

fl.

-jloruit, or 'flourished '

m. 2 A frustrating habit by some writers - though purportedly writing fact - of disguising the true names

of places.

Thankfully

it

is

common, but it does occur. I have come across

- Manx, Manx -Gaelic

(m)

- manor

MC.

- Middle Cornish

ME .

two authors who do this, viz. E. Clarke ( 1 969),

mess.

and D. M. Jones ( 1 926). With D . M. Jones, there

MI.

is either the semblance of the name, e.g.

Y Clogwyn mawr (= Glog-jawr), Llyn Cwmdy (= Llynwngu), Faes-y-fuches (= lvfaesboudy), Pont y Pererinion (= Pont Rhyd-y-groes); or a description of the location, e.g. Plas Pantglas (= Hafoduchdryd), Capel y Cwm (= Bethel).

mn.

MnB. MnC. MnE. Mni.

li

- masculine

M. MB .

not that

or ' read as '

- Middle Breton - Middle English - messuage, fannholding - Middle Irish - masculine noun - Modem Breton

- Modem Cornish als . Late Cornish - Modern English

- Modern Irish

The Place-names ofCardiganshire M.•1\V.

- Modern \Velsh

sic loc.

(mon)

- monastery-

s1c nom. - v.rrong name

MS(S)

MW . n n.

- manuscript, manuscripts - J\.1iddle Welsh - northern

- a) preceding numbers,

number

n.d.

- south-western \Velsh - town, villa

- note, notes

n\V.

- northern Welsh

nwW.

- north-western Welsh

tent. tit.

- Old Breton

OBW.

- Old Breton-Welsh (terms identical in both - Old Cornish

OE.

- Old English

Og.

- Ogam (archaic Irish script)

01

- Old Irish

op.

- opened - Ordnance Survey - Oxford University Press - Old Welsh

(p)

- parish

p.c.

- personal communication

(pc)

- parcel

pl

- plural

pn.

-personal-name

prox.

- proxima,

Q:

- preceding a quoted conversation,

reb.

- rebuilt

- pronounced or 'nearby'

- preceding a quoted conversation,

question

response

repr.

- reprint(ed)

rest.

- restored

Rev.

- Reverend, title of Protestant minister of

s

- southern

religion

- preceding a quote of conversation,

statement - shire, county

- sub anno,

year referred to in an annalistic

document

Se-E.

unloc

- unlocated - Universit, [ ] , I I,

II II, a vowel, for example < Vr > is short for

var. vill(s).

- variant

v1z.

-

- village(s)

videlicet, or 'that is to say'

- variant reading

vL.

- Vulgar Latin, Late Latin

vn.

- verb-noun (headword for verbs in Welsh

vol(s).

- volume(s)

w

- Present

- Preterite

s.a.

- township or hamlet - Unitarian, Christian denomination

UP

v.l.

Pres.Hab.- Present Habitual

(s)

- township

dictionaries)

Pret. pron.

S:

- title, i . e.

OW.

R:

(tp)

v

- opposite

- part

- tenement, fannholding

syr, sant etc - toponym, place-name

u

languages)

- southern Welsh

tn.

(tplh)

OB.

pt.

- survey

(t)

nt(s).

Pres.

sur

see hsn.)

- no date

- north-eastern \Velsh

OUP

- Spanish

sw\V.

- neuter noun

OS

Sp.

sW.

U. 11.

opp .

- surname or epithet (for hereditary surname

name

- newspaper cutting

neW.

oc.

sn.

sur map - survey map

b) preceding letters, common noun or n.c.

- '.x.rrong location

- Scottish-English

Sc-G.

- Scottish-Gaelic

seW.

- south-eastern Welsh

sg

- singular Iii

- western

W.

- Welsh

\VJ\1

- Wesleyan Methodist, Christian denomination

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

BIBLIOGRAP HY

References by date 1 1 5 8-65 ( 1 3 08a) cart. Slebech

- charter of Roger de Clare in 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

1 1 5 8-65 ( 1 3 08b) cart. Slebech

- charter of Roger de Clare in 1 948 NLWJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

>1 1 76( 1 308) cart. S lebech

- charter of Richard son of Tankard in 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. l 90-92

1 1 8 1 -82( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur

- confirmatory charter of Henry II in

1 1 84( 1 285) cart. Ystradffiur

- confirmatory charter of Rhys ab Gruffudd in

Ca!ChancR (var.) 1 285 p . 3 00 Ca!ChancR (var.)

1 28 5

pp. 299-3 00 1 1 84( 1 425) cart. Ystradftlur

- confirmatory charter ofRhys ab Gruffudd in 1 889 S. W. Williams lviii-lx,

>1 1 97( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau

- confrrmatory charter of Rhys ab Gruffudd in (a) 1 893 E. Owen p . 46 and in

1 1 98 ( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradffiur

- confrrmatory charter of Rhys Gryg in

1 1 98 ( 1 425) cart. Ystradffiur

- confirmatory charter of Rhys Gryg in 1 889 S. W. Williams lxi-lxiv, from a

> 1 200 cart. Aberconwy

- see sub 1 93 9 C. A Gresham

from a copy of a Moorcourt MS (b)

1 849 Monasticon vol.4 p. 1 63

(less correct readings)

Ca!ChartR

1 3 36 p. 3 83

copy of a Moorcourt MS 1 200 cart. Rotuli Chart.

- confrrmatory charter of John in Rotuli

1 202( 1 3 3 6) cart. Ystradfflur

- confirmatory charter of Rhys Ieuanc in

Chartarum p. 44 Ca!ChartR 1 3 36 pp. 3 83-84

1 202( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur

- confrrmatory charter of Rhys Ieuanc in 1 889 S. W. Williams lxiv-lxv, from a

1 2 1 4 cart. Hendy-gwyn

- confirmatory charter of John in 1 878 J.

> 1 227( 1 3 08) cart. S lebech

- agreement between Talley and S lebech in 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

> 1 229( 1 308) cart. Slebech

- agreement between Talley and S lebech

> 1 246( 1 3 36) cart. Ystradfflur

- confrrmatory charter of Maelgwn Fychan in

>1 246( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur

- confrrmatory charter of Maelgwn Fychan in 1 889 S. W. Williams lxv-lxvii,

> 1 265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau

- confrrmatory charter ofMaredudd ab Ywain in (a) 1 893 E. Owen pp.43-44

>1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau

-confirmatory charter of Rhys Fychan in (a) 1 893 E. Owen pp. 4 1 -42 and in

1 280Ext.

- Exchequer extent of West Wales in 1 904 F. Seebohm pp. 1 1 2-22

> 1 282( 1 425) cart. Ystradfflur

- confirmatory charter of Cynan ab Maredudd in 1 425

1 292 subsidy th 1 3 cent. (c. 1 400) CChC

- see 1 950 F. Jones

1 302-03rent

- chief-rent of the King's land in Cardiganshire in NLW E. A Lewis PRO

1 3 06Ext.

- Exchequer extent of West Wales in 1 904 F. Seebohm pp. 1 07-08

1 3 1 7 cart.

- extent of Llanbedr Pontsteffan in 1 96 1

1 3 00% CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 890 J. Rhys & J. Gw. Evans p . 4 1 0 (RBH)

copy of a Moorcourt MS

R

in

Daniel-Tyssen pp. 73-75 1 948 NL WJ vol. 5 pp. 1 90-92

CalChartR

1 33 6 pp. 3 84-85

from a copy of a Moorcourt MS and in (b) 1 849 Monasticon vol.4 p. 1 63 (less correct readings) (b) 1 849 Monasticon vol.4 pp. 1 62-63 (less correct readings)

CalPatR pp. 295-97

- ' Cantrefl a Chymydau Cymru' in RepWMSS vol.2 pt.4 pp. 940-43 (= Cotton Domitian MS A viii) facsimiles S . C. 1 1 /770 - Rep.PRO vol.25 pp. 422-24

CER vol. 4 pp. 1 44-45

in Suppl.AC pp.4- 2 1 R Daniel-Tyssen p . 78

1 43 3 Doc.BM

- BM MS 26596 ( 1 43 1 -3 3 )

1 447 cart. Hendy-gwyn

- confrrmatory charter o f Henry VI in 1 878 J.

c. 1 45 0 C ChC

- ' Cantreft a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 888 J. Gw. Evans p . 3 29 (Kwtta

1 53 9 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 5 3 9 J. Leland ( 1 769 edn) vol. 5 p. 1 8

1 543 CChC

- ' Cantrefl a Chymydau Cymru'

Kyvarwydd) (Cott.Dom. ) 1 63 ) [transcribed

in

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 p.953 (Peniarth MS

1 543 by Gruffudd Hiraethog, purports to date back to

the time of Llywelyn ab Grufudd] 1 564rent

- Rental Gwynionydd Is-Cerdin ( 1 564) in 1 965 262) liii

CER vol. 5 pp . 229-3 3

(= CD

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 565 WPB

- 'The port books of the port of Cardigan in Elizabethan and Stuart times' in 1 93 0

CAST vol 7 pp. 2 1 -49

c. 1 566 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in RepWMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p.953 (= Peniarth MS

c. 1 566EPC

- ' Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

1 577rent

- Rental of the Granges of Anhuniog, Hafodwen, Blaenaeron, Myfenydd and

1 587rent

- Assize Roll of Caerwedros [incomplete] (NLW Llangibby MS A-862)

1 590-91 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru'

1 47)

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 pp. 9 1 1 -20 (= Peniarth MS

1 47) Dywarchen ( 1 577 Crosswood I MS 74)

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 p. 953 (= John

Brooke MSS) 1 590-91 EPC

- ' Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

in RepWMSS vol. 1

pt.2 pp. 9 1 1-20 (= John Brooke

MS S) 1 597/98rent

- Rental Maenor Llanbadarn-fawr ( 1 5 97/98) in 1 964

c. 1 600 CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' in 1 88 8 J. Gw. Evans p. 3 29 (= Hengwrt MS

CER vol. 5

pp.47-53

1 606EPC

- 'Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

275) MS S)

in RepWMSS vol. l

pt.2 pp. 9 1 1 -20 (= J. Jones

1 6 1 3 rent

- Rental of the granges of Morfa-mawr and Anhuniog ( 1 6 1 3 Crosswood I MS

1 6 1 7rent

- 'The King's Court Leet (survey of Betwsithael)' in 1 906

1 6 1 8-1 9rent

- Rental o f the granges o f Anhuniog, Morfa-mawr, Blaenaeron, Pennardd,

1 650rent

- S ettlement of estates o f Sir John Lewes and James Lewes in 1 969 CER

1 65 1 rent

- 'A Survey of the Mannor or Lordshipp of Gwynionith Iskardin . . . ' in 1 963

1 6 5 1 rent

- ' A Survey of the Mannor of lskoed . . . ' in 1 963

1 660Pet

- ' Petition regarding the Crown Manors of Cardigan' ( 1 660) in Bye-ganes

1 685rent

- Rental St. David ( 1 685) (NLW MS 1 3 90-D)

1 690rent

- Rental Gwnnwys, Gwnnwys-ucha, Lledrod-ucha, Myfenydd, Cwrnystwyth,

1 693rent

- Copy of chief-rental of Llyswen in MR Llyswen

1 7 1 2sur

- Survey of Llanilar-isa (Llidiardau MSS box 4/1 /3)

1 745rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 75 8rent

- Survey ofLlandysul parish

1 77)

TCAS vol. 1

p. 5 5

Cwmystwyth ( 1 6 1 8-1 9 Cross wood IV MS 3 ) vol. 6 pp. 1 61 -64

CER vol.4 pp. 3 88-99 (PRO Parliamentary Survey E3 1 7/5) CER vol.4 pp. 3 74-87 (PRO

Parliamentary Survey E3 1 7/4) 01/23 / 1 895 p. l 3

Morfa-mawr, Anhuniog ( 1 690 Crosswood MSS)

1 760CF

in

1 896 W. J. Davies pp. 294-98

- list of Cardiganshire freeholders ( 1 760) in 1 9 1 3

HSWWT vol. 3

pp. 77-1 06

[var. lect. 1 948 G. M. Griffiths] 1 762rent

- ' Rental of the Chief-rent of the Lordship of Lampeter Pont Stephen . . .

'

(Falcondale MS 20) 1 767rent

- Rental of the Ffynnonbedr estate

1 768rent Crosswood

- Crosswood rental ( 1 768 Crosswood I MS 994)

in 1 98 3

B. Phillips pp. 23 8-40

1 769rent Crosswood

- Crosswood rental ( 1 769 Crosswood I MS 1 02 1 )

1 78 1 rent

- Survey of Llannarth Parish i n 1 93 0 D . J . Davies p.20 [ var. lect. 1 948

G. M.

Griffiths] 1 782rent Dolhaidd

- a Dolhaidd rental received by NLW from BRA in 1 947, quoted by 1 948 G.

1 787rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 795rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 799EPC

- ' Enwau Plwyfau Cymru'

M Griffiths as BRA 2 MS

in Myv.Arch.

( 1 870 edn) pp. 740-50 (= P. Panton

MSS) [including some notes by Iolo Morganwg] 1 80 1 Ab cens.open shelves (called Population Abstract:

Wales 2. Scotland (1801) liv

pp.460-63)

in NLW on Enumeration 1. England and

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 807rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadam {Nanteos MS S Box 20}

1 8 1 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called Abstract of the Answers and Returns

1 8 1 6rent

- Chief-rental of Anhuniog in 1 8 1 6Encl. map Anhuniog

1 82 1 Ab cens.

made Pursuant to .. . an Act for Taking an Account of the Population of Great Britain pp. 440-42) - Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadarn in WGaz. 2 1 / 1 2/1 93 9 - in NLW on open shelves (called Census 1 831 Wales pp. 8 50-57)

1 828rent Nanteos 1 83 1 Ab cens.

made Pursuant to . . . an Actfor Taking an Account of the Population of Great Britain pp. 436-39)

- in NLW on open shelves (called Abstract of the Answers and Returns

1 83 3 burg. list

- see Ceredigion Archives

1 836burg. list

- see Ceredigion Archives

1 83 7rent Nanteos

- Chief-rental of manor of Llanbadam (Nanteos MSS Box 20)

1 83 8burg. list

- see Ceredigion Archives

1 84 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called Population Abstract:

England and Wales 1841

Enumeration

pp. 41 1 - 1 4)

1 84 1 cens.

- Transcript of the 1 84 1 census of the Aberystwyth district, in Ceredigion

c. 1 850sur

- ' Map and Particulars of Berth-ddu Manor' [map missing]

1 85 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Archives [faulty transcriptions, little use made thereof]

Census Returns: Enumeration 1851

vol.2

pp. 34-41 ) 1 85 1 Rel cens.

- The Religious Census of 1851: vol. J S. Wales

1 976 I. Gw. Jones & D.

Williams ( eds. ) 1 853 Poor Rate

- see NLW MS 2928-A

1 86 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Census ofEngland and Wales 1861 vol. 1

pp. 7 1 7-20) 1 87 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

1 875sur. landowners

Census Returns: Area, Houses and Inhabitants 1871 vol. 1 pp. 500-05) - 1875 Owners ofLand {NLW MSS dept. DI7 1 26}

1 877Per. clawdd-mynydd

- Perambulation of mountain fence of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records

1 88 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS)

Population 1881

Census Returns: Area, Houses and

vol. 1 pp. 477-5 0 1 )

1 889Per. clawdd-mynydd

- Perambulation o f mountain fence o f Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records

1 889Per. Genau'rglyn

- Perambulation of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records of Genau'rglyn in

1 89 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS) Gogerddan MSS)

1 894 rates

Population 1891

Census Returns: Area, Houses and

vol. 1 pp.440-43)

- Rates of Lledrod-isa (copy in possession ofD . Jones, Moelwyn,

>1 895rent

- Survey of Anhuniog in 1 895 RCL WM vol.2 pp. 93 8-42

1 895guide New Quay

- 1895 Guide to New Quay

1 90 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Monmouth, Islands 1901

55-a)

Census Returns: London, Wales and

pp. 1 -40)

1 903Per. Genau'rglyn

- Perambulation of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records of Genau'rglyn in

1 908Per. Genau'rglyn

- Perambulation of Genau'rglyn lordship (manorial records of Genau'rglyn in

1 91 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

Gogerddan MS S) Gogerddan MSS)

1 92 1 Ab cens.

Census Returns: Counties of Cardigan, Merioneth and Montgomery pp. 5-6) - in NLW on open shelves (called Census Returns: County of Cardigan pp. 2-

1 926sur

- ' Casgliad o Enwau Tai Dadfeiliedig ym Mhlwyf Caron Is-clawdd' in 1 988

4)

Barcud n. 1 22

lv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 929 Local Govt. Act

- ' An Act to Amend the Law relating to the Administration of Poor Relief, Registration of Births, Deaths, and Mariages, Highways, Town Planning and Local Government; . . . ' 27/03/1 929 in Public 23 1

General Acts 1928-29 pp. 49-

1 930sur

- 'Rhestr o Dai Gwag yn 1 93 0 yn Ardal Llanddewi Brefi' {sub miscellaneous

1 93 1 Ab cens.

- in NL\V on open shelves (called

documents }

Pembroke pp. 3-5) 1 93 3 Local Govt. Act.

Census Returns: Counties of Cardigan and

- 'An Act to Consolidate with Amendments the Enactments relating to Authorities for the Purposes of Local Government in England and Wales . . . '

1 967 WLS

1 7/ 1 1 / 1 93 3 in Public General Acts 1932-33 pp. 707-986} - Welsh Language Survey 1945 (Cardiganshire Education Committee) - Welsh Language Survey 1949 (Cardiganshire Education Committee) - in NLW on open shelves (called Census 1951: Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire pp. 1 -3 ) - in NLW o n open shelves (called Census 1961: Cardiganshire pp. 2-3) - Welsh Language Survey 1945 (Welsh Joint Education Committee) - Welsh Language Sun'ey 1967 D. G. Williams (Cardiganshire Education

1 97 1 Ab cens.

- in NLW on open shelves (called

1 972 Local Govt. Act

- ' An Act to make Provision with respect to Local Government and the

1 945 WLS 1 949 WLS 1 95 1 Ab cens. 1 96 1 Ab cens. 1 96 1 WLS

Committee)

Census 1971: Cardiganshire pp. 2-3)

Functions of Local Authorities in England and Wales; . . . ' 26/1 0/1 972 in 1 973 WLS 1 977 WLS

Public General Acts and Measures 1972 pt. 3 pp. 1 989-243 7 - Arolwg faith 1973 D . G. Williams (Cardiganshire Education Committee) - Arolwg faith 1977 H. D. Thomas (Dyfed County Council Education Department)

1 98 1 Ab cens. 1 983 WLS

- 1981 Census: County Report: Dyfed ( 1 982) - Arolwg faith 1983 W. J. Phillips (Dyfed County Council Education Department)

1 98 1 KSUA cens.

- 1981 Census: Key Statistics for Urban Areas: The South- West and Wales ( 1 984)

Reference by title or acronym AC ACL

- Archaeologia Cambrensis ( 1 846---+) -Archivfur Celtische Lexikographie, Whitley Stokes & Kuno

Meyer, Halle: M Niemeyer vol l ( 1 900), vol.2 ( 1 904), vol. 3 ( 1 907)

An. Boll.

- Anglesey Antiquarian Society Transactions ( 1 923---+) -Aberystwyth Studies ( 1 9 1 2-36) - Agricultural History Review ( 1 953---+) - Ainm ( 1 986----)-+- see 1 998 F. H. A Aalen et a!. -Archivum Linguisticum (old series) ( 1 949- 65) - Atlas Linguistique de Ia Basse Bretagne ( 1 924-63) P. - AI Liamm ( 1 946----)-+- Analecta Bollandiana ( 1 882---+)

Ancient Laws

- see A Owen

Ancr

- Yr Ancr ( 1 975-76), papur bro Llanddewi Brefi - Yr Angor ( 1 977-89), papur bro Aberystwyth

AAST Aber Studies AHR

Ainm AIRL AL

ALBB Al Liamm

Angor Ann. Camb.

- ' Annales Cambriae' (see 1 860 J. Williams)

Ann. Camb. (A)

- version (A) of the Ann. Camb. [compiled about 954]

Ann. Camb. (B)

- version (B) of the Ann. Camb. [compiled about 1 286]

Ann. Camb. (C)

- version (C) of the Ann Camb. [compiled about 1 288]

lvi

Le Roux

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography APLlangrannog - ( c. 1 925) App. Rep. CIMCEW - ( 1 835)

Archaeologia Arch. Wales ARCWW - ( 1 301-02)

A Science ATD - ( 1 990)

ATL ATL n.c.

Atlas Meirionnydd Att. Gen. vs. Bonsall - ( 1 880) AyAFF - ( 1 971 ) BAneirin - ( c. 1 250) Barcud Barn Barr Heol BBC - (c. 1 250) BBCh - ( c. 1 240) BBCS BBSt-David - ( 1 326) BC ( 1 953) Bede - (73 1 ) Beirniad BGG - ( 1 20()313) Bleg. (Dyfed) - (c. l 250(c. l 300)) Blewyn Glas Bodm.Manu. - ( 1 0th-1 1 thcent.) Bodvan BRA Breezy Borth Bretagne Linguistique Breuddwyd Rhonabwy ( 1 300%) Brit. Min. Bro Ystwyth Brut Dingestow - ( 1 200Y:!) Brycheiniog BS - (c. 1 475) BSAF BSCL Ceredigion - ( 1 990)

- ' Some of the Antiquities of the Parish of Llangranog' {in D. Thomas MS B-62 } - Appendix to the First Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Municipal Corporations in England and Wales ( 1 835) vol. l [reports on Aberystwyth ( 1 69), Aberteifi ( 1 95), Llanbedr Pontsteffan (28 1 ) by J. Booth] - Archaeologia (1 794--+) - A rchaeology in Wales ( 1 978--+) - 'The account roll of the Chamberlain of West Wales from Michaelmas 1 30 1 to Michaelmas 1 302' in 1 923 BBCS vol.2 pp. 4986 - Advancement ofScience ( 1939--+) - Arolwg Tafodieithoedd Dyfed, Welsh Department, St. Davids University College, Llanbedr Pontsteffan [transcriptions of recorded oral material from Dyfed Welsh speakers collected in the 1 980s] -Aberystwyth Town Library - Aberystwyth Town Library newspaper cuttings; sometimes chaotic for reference purposes, but usually under centre of population headings; some unpublished essays amongst the cuttings. - see 1 971 G. Bowen - Attorney-General vs. J. G. F. Hughes Bonsall { 1 880 Cymerau MS 21 8} [Bonsall's case] -Achos yr Arwyddion F.fyrdd - Book ofAneirin in 1 93 8 I. Williams - Barcud ( 1 976-91) - Barn - Barr Heol ( 1 953-78) - ' The Black Book of Carmarthen' (see 1 982 A 0. H. Jarman) - ' The Black Book of Chirk' (see 1 909 J. Gw. Evans) - Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies ( 1 921 --+) - Black Book of Saint Davids - Bywgraffiadur Cymreig hyd 1940, Cymmrodorion - Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum 1 969 B. Colgrave & R A B. Mynors ( eds.) - Y Beirniad ( 1 91 1-20) - 'Bonedd Gw)'r y Gogledd' in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 72-74 - 'Llyfr Blegywryd' (see 1 961 S. J. Williams & J. E. Powell) - Y Blewyn Glas ( 1 986--+) papur bro Dyfi - 'The manumissions in the Bodmin Gospels' in 1 872 RC vol. 1 pp. 333-3 8 (ed.) W. Stokes - see 1 91 6 J B. Anwyl - Schedule-books of the British Records Association MSS - Breezy Borth ( 1 907) - La Bretagne Linguistique ( 1 985--+) 1 948 M. Richards - British Mining: Memoirs of the Northern Mine Research Society - Bro Ystwyth ( 1 975-76) papur bro cylch Llanfarian - 'Brut Dingestow' H. Lewis ( ed. ) 1 942 - Brycheiniog ( 1 95 5�) - 'Brenhinedd y Saeson' (see 1 97 1 T. Jones) - Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique du Finistere ( 1 873--+) - Biological Survey of Common Land: n. 7 Ceredigion District, Dyfed ( 1 990) I. S . Francis et al. {Rural Surveys Research Unit}

lvii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

BT (RBH) - ( 1 3004/4) BT(RBH TJ) - ( 1 3 00%) BT(Pen.20) - ( B002/2) BTaliesin - (c. 1 275) Buched Beuno - ( 1 346) Buched Ciric - ( 1 500¥3) Buchedd Collen - ( 1 536) Buched Dewi (A) - ( 1 346) Buched Dewi (B) - ( 1 3 00313) Bye-gones ByS

CA CalAC CalAP CalChancR (supp.) CalChancW CalChartR CalCloseR CalFr CaliM CaliPM CalPR Camb. Journ. Camb. Quart. Camb.Reg. Cambrian Cambro Briton Camden's Britannia - ( 1 722) Canm. Blaencaron Canm. Carmel Canm. Rhydfendigaid Canm. Y. Cwrt-newydd Canm. Y. Lledrod Cardi Cardiff Recs. Carm.Journ. Cartae Glams. CAST Cat.BM

- 'Brut y Tywysogyon' (RBH version) (see 1 890 J. Rhys, J. & J. Gw. Evans) - 'Brut y Tywysogyon' (RBH version) (see 1 955 T. Jones) - 'Brut y Tywysogyon' (Peniarth MS 20 version) (see 1 952 T. Jones) - 'Book of Taliesin' J. Gw. Evans (ed.) 1 91 0 - 'Hystoria Buched Beuno' in 1 944 A. W. Wade-Evans pp. 1 6-22 - 'Buched Ciric' in 1 9 1 3 LBS vol.4 pp. 3 78-79 - 'Buchedd Collen' in 1 9 1 3 LBS vol.4 pp. 375-78 - see 1 988 D. S. Evans - see 1 959 D. S. Evans - Bye-ganes relating to Wales and the Border Counties ( 1 871-94) - 'Bonedd y Saint' in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 5 1 --67 1200% - items 1 -63 (A, B, Dd) 1 200¥z - items 64-7 1 (E) c. 1 320 - items 72-76 (C, D, F, G) 1 600¥2 - items 77-99 - Carmarthenshire Antiquary ( 1 94 1 �) - Calendar ofAncient Correspondence Concerning Wales (see 1 93 5 J. G. Edwards) - Calendar ofAncient Petitions Concerning Wales (see 1 975 W. Rees) - Calendar of Various Chancery Rolls: Supplementary Close Rolls, Welsh Rolls, Scutage Rolls 1277-1326 - Calendar of Chancery Warrants vol. 1 1244-1326 - Calendar of Charter Rolls ( 1 226-1 5 1 6) - Calendar of Close Rolls ( 1 227-1 509) - Calendar ofFine Rolls ( 1 272-1 509) - Calendar ofInquisitions Miscellaneous ( 1 2 1 9-1 422) - Calendar ofInquisitions Post Mortem ( 1 23 5-1 507) - Calendar ofPatent Rolls ( 1 2 1 6-1 582) - The Cambrian Journal ( 1 854-56) - Cambrian Quarterly ( 1 829�) - The Cambrian Register ( 1 795-96, 1 8 1 8) - The Cambrian ( 1 804-93) - Cambro Briton ( 1 820-22) - Camden 's Britannia E. Gibson ( ed. ) 1 722 (extracts pertaining to Wales printed apart in 1 994 Gw. Walters & T. James) - YrHen Ddenven: Canmlwyddiant Capel Blaencaron 1876--1976 - Canmlwyddiant Capel Pontrhydfendigaid 1834--1934 - Canmlwyddiant Capel Rhydfendigaid 1859-1959 - Dathlu Canmlwyddiant Ysgol Gynradd Cwrt-newydd, 1878-1978 - Dathlu Canmlwyddiant Ysgol GynraddLledrod, 1877-1977 - Y Cardi_(1 966�) - Records of the County Borough of Cardiff vols. 1-6 ( 1 898- 1 91 1 ) (ed. J . H . Mathews) - Carmarthen Journal, newspaper ( 1 8 1 o�) - see 1 91 0 G. T. Clark - Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society Transactions ( 1 909-39) - A Catalogue of the MSS relating to Wales in the British Museum E. Owen (ed. ) pt. 1 ( 1 900) pt. 2 ( 1 903) pt. 3 ( 1 908) lviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography pt.4 ( 1 922) Catholicon - ( 1 499) CCH

- Le Catholicon de Iehan Lagadeuc: dictionnaire breton, jram;ais et latin ( ed. ) R F. Le Menn - Cardiganshire County History (gen.ed. !. Gw. Jones) vol. l ( 1 994) (eds. J. L. Davies & D . P. Kirby)

CChC

- ' Cantrefi a Chymydau Cymru' , exists in at least five recensions: 1 ) 1 3thcent . (c. 1 400) CChC, 2) 1 3 00% CChC, 3 ) c. 1 566 CChC, 4) 1 590-9 1 CChC, 5) c. 1 600 CChC

CCL

CER

- Cardiff Central Library - CardiffPublic Libraries: Handlist ofEarly Documents (before 1500) in the MSS Department of the Reference Libra�y ( 1 926) - S chedule-book of Cardiganshire deeds in CCL - Celtica ( 1 946�) - Ceredigion ( 1 950�)

CF - ( 1 760)

- see 1 760CF

CG

CHVAberporth - (c. 1 950)

- Celtic Grammar ( 1 96 1 ) H. Lewis & H. Pedersen - The Carmarthenshire Historian ( 1 964�) - 'Book of Saint Chad' in LL xliii-xlviii - The Church and Village ofAberporth

CLJH - ( 1 300%)

- ' Canu Llywarch Hen' (see 1 93 5 I. Williams)

CLMR

-A County List ofManorial Records and other Manuscript Material relating to the Manors and Lordships of Wales vols . 1 -2

Clone

- Clone, papur bro Llanbedr Pontsteffan a'r cylch ( 1 982-85) - Clwyd Historian ( 1 977�) - Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies ( 1 98 1 �) { in 1 994 the name had changed to Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies} - The Cambrian News ( 1 869�)

CCL Handlist CD Celtica

CH Chad ( 9thcent. )

1 93 6 { in MSS Dept. , NLW} Clwyd Historian CMCS CN CO (GMG) - ( 1 7002/2)

- This is an unknown source given (mistakenly?) as by G. M. Griffiths 1 948 as NLW MS 3 5 00-B which is the 1 840-69 account book of the

Capel Cae'ronnen

(30-a).

An explanation for the

discrepancy may be that there was that NLW MS 3 5 00-B also included a MS of earlier date associated with Cae'ronnen which I have failed to find (the lands noted by GMG are situated

in the

vicinity of Cellan) . Cofiadur Cogn. Brychan - ( 1 3thcent. ( 1 5 02-5 5))

- Y Cojiadur ( 1 923�)

- ' Cognatio Brychan' in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 1 7- 1 9

Col. (Damweiniau) - (c. 1 250)

- see 1 973 D. Jenkins

Col. (Gwynedd) - (c. 1 25 0)

- 'Llyfr Colan' (see 1 963 D. Jenkins)

ColFl CPSJ Brecon

- Colofnau 'r Flwyddyn T. Jones (ed.) ( 1 97 1 -74) - Cornish Studies 1 st series ( 1 973-85), 2nd series ( 1 993�) - Cartularium Prioratus de Sancti Johannis Evangelistae de Brecon

Cron.Wall.

- ' Cronica Wallia' (see 1 946 T. Jones)

Crosswood Add MSS

- Crosswood Additional MS S

CSRLS

- Cardiganshire School's Rural Lore S cheme 1 924-26 (see D.

Cornish Studies

( 1 884)

Thomas MSS) [ initiated by David Thomas, the then inspector of Cardiganshire schools; the information was generally collected from oral sources - though most of the place-names from the school at Pont Rhydfendigaid ( C- 5 8) were evidently extracted from the 1 904 OS map] Culhwch ac Olwen - ( c. l 1 00( c. 1 3 50)) CWPWL

Cwrt-mawr MS 44 - ( 1 5002/2)

- in 1 992

R Bromwich & D. S. Evans - Cardiff Working Papers in Welsh Linguistics ( 1 98 1 �) - in 1 936 H. Owen vo1.4 p. 443

lix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography CWSt-David MSS

- S chedule-books of the Church in Wales: Diocese of Saint Davids

Cyf.Eist. Llanbedr - ( 1 860)

Cymru

- Cyfansoddiadau buddugol Eisteddfod Llanbedr 1859 - in WML - Y Cymmrodor ( 1 877�) - Y Cymro - Cymru ( 1 892-1 927)

Daf.Nantmor - (fl. 1 470)

- see 1 923 T. Roberts & I. Williams

David Samuel

- see David Samuel MSS

DDE MS S

- D. D. Evans MSS

Ddolen Defodau Powys - c. l 4 1 5 ( 1 600%)

- Y Ddolen, papur bro Cwmystwyth, a Chwmwyre ( 1 978�) - 'Defodau Powys BM Add. MS 9867' in 1 896 MC vol. 29 pp. 1 -27

Dem.Calend. - ( 1 500¥2)

- ' The Demetian Calendar of Welsh Saints' in Rep WMSS vo1. 2 pt. 3

DENLF

- see 1 963 A Dauzat & Ch. Rostaing

Cyfn. (Deheub. ) - 1 1 00%( 1 3 004/4) Cymmrodor Cymro

DES ( 1 976)

p.936 {Cwrt-mawr MS 44}

-A Dictionary ofEnglish Surnames (see

1 976 P. H. Reaney &

R

M Wilson) Descr.DBH

- A Descriptive Account of the Devil's Bridge, Hafod . . .

DFL MS S

- D. Francis Lloyd MSS

DG

- Gwaith Dafodd ap Gwilym, fl. l 3 65 (see 1 952 T. Parry) [dated fl. l 340 1 992 R G. Gruffydd pp.434-3 5] - Dictionnaire des gloses en vieux breton ( 1 964) L. Fleuriot - Dictionnaire historique de Ia languefranraise, A. Rey (ed. ) 1 992,

DGVB DHLF

Paris: Le Robert DIL DMLLl DOB Drysorfa Dwelly - ( 1 9 1 1 )

- Dictionary of the Irish Language ( 1 953-75, repr. 1 98 3 ) - Dyfed mewn Lluniau: 1 Aberteifi, y Dref ( 1 976) - Dictionary of Old Breton ( 1 98 5 ) C. Evans & L. Fleuriot - Y Drysoifa ( 1 83 1 - 1 968) - The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary E. Dwelly

E.ALewis PRO facs.

- { see sub NLW}

EAWD

- Episcopal Acts relating to Welsh Dioceses (see

1 946b & 1 948 J.

C. Davies)

EC Eccl. Comm. vs. Griffiths

ECE MS S

- Etudes Celtiques ( 1 936�) - The Summing-up ofthe Lord ChiefJustice in an Action of Ejectment: the Ecclesiastical Commissionersfor England vs. Griffiths and Others in Crown Lands in Wales ( 1 875) - Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England MSS

EDD

- The English Dialect Dictionary ( 1 898-1 905, J.

E.Ff Llangadfan

- 'Enwau Ffermydd Llangadfan' ( 1 98 1 ) Merched y Wawr

Wright)

Egerton MS 1 5 86 - (c. 1 600)

- in

[unpublished]

EMWDS

THSC 1953 pp.73-82 - English Historical Review ( 1 886�) - English-Irish Dictionary T. de Bhaldraithe ( 1 959) - Early-Modern Welsh Defamation Suits {WFM MS 3322}

Encl. map

- enclosure maps

EPC

- 'Enwau Plwyfau Cymru' , in four main recensions: 1 ) c. l 566EPC,

E.P.Lloyd MS S

- a nineteenth-century abstract of earlier deeds of 1 697 and 1 7 1 8

EHR EID

2) 1 5 90-91 EPC, 3) 1 606EPC, 4) 1 799EPC. received by NLW from BRA in 1 947, quoted by 1 948

G. M

Griffiths as BRA

EPNE

1 MS - English Place-name Elements vols. 1 -2

EPNS

- the English Place-name Society

EPNS Journal

- The Journal of the English Place-name Society ( 1 968�) - Eriu ( 1 904�) - Episcopal Registers of St. Davids 1 39 7-1518 vols. l -2

Eriu ERSt-David

lx

( 1 956) A H. Smith ( ed.)

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Faner Newydd

- Yr Eurgrawn Wesleyaidd (from 1 93 0s Yr Eurgrawn) - Baner ac Amserau Cymru ( 1 8 57-1 992) - Y Faner Newydd ( 1 996---+ )

Feilscribhinn Torna

- see 1 947 S. Pender

Ff dd.

- Y Ffydd Ddi-jfitant ( 1 677) C. Edwards - Dam o'r Ffestival in 1 92 5 H. Lewis - Fferm a Thyddyn ( 1 988---+) - Friends ofHafod Newsletter - Flintshire Historical Society Publications (> 1 906---+) - Y Gambo, papur bro godre Ceredigion ( 1 982-84) - Dictionnaire breton: breton-franc;ais;Jranc;ais-breton

Eurgra\vn Faner

Ffestival - ( 1 5 00%) Fffh FHNL

FHSP Gambo Gamier

( 1 809-1 983)

( 1 9 86)

Garnier Garthen GB ( 1 926) GBGG

- Y Garthen, papur bro Llandysul a'r cylch ( 1 981-88, 1 989---+) - Geiriadur Beiblaidd T. Rees & D. F. Roberts & J. T. Evans & D. Williams & I. Williams ( eds.) - Geiifa Barddoniaeth Gynnar Gymraeg vols. 1 -1 2 [a-heilic] J. Lloyd-Jones 1 932-63

GCH

- Glamorgan County History G. Williams (gen.

ed. ) vol.2 ( 1 984),

vol. 3 ( 1 97 1 ), vol. 4 ( 1 974), vol. 5 ( 1 980) GD

- see 1 925 M. Maclennan

Geir. Glo.

- see 1 976 L. Davies

Gemau Ceredigion

- Gemau Ceredigion

Gen. CCP - ( c. 1 750)

- 'Genealogies of Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire and

(see c. 1 9 1 9 J. James)

Pembrokeshire Families' c. 1 75 0 (Peniarth MS 1 56) { 1 91 2 HSWWT vol. 1 } Gen. Gym.

Gir.DK

- Y Genedl Gymreig Y Geninen - Y Genhinen ( 1 950-78) - The Geographical Magazine ( 1 93 5---+) - Geography (> 1 9 1 2---+) (until 1 920 known as The Geographical Teacher) - Giriadur gallek ha brezonek: dictionnaire franc;ais-breton de poche F. Jaffrennou (bn. Taldir), Carhaix-Plouguer: Ar Bobl - Gearifhocloir Gaeilge-Bearla ( 1 98 1 ), An Roinn Oideachas - Glamorgan Historian ( 1 963 ---+) - Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg 1 979 R Hernon - Descriptio Kambriae, Giraldus Cambrensis ( c. 1 1 94) in 1 868 J. F.

Gir.IK

- Itinerarium Kambriae

Geninen Genhinen Geog.Mag. Geography Ger. Taldir - ( 1 9 1 4) GGB GH GIB

Dimock vol. 6 pp. 3-1 52 Giraldus Cambrensis (c. l 1 9 1 ) in 1 868 J. F.

Dimock vol. 6 pp. 1 5 5-227 Gir.Spec.

- Speculum Duorum Giraldus Cambrensis

( c. 1 208) in 1 974 M.

Richter

GMB

- The Glamorgan Village Book, Federation of Glamorgan Women's Institutes 1 993 [ Glam. VB] - Geiriadur Mawr ( 1 97 1 rev. edn) - Glossaire moyen breton ( 1 895-96) ( ed. ) E. Ernault

GMG

- see 1 948 G. M Griffiths

GM\VL

- Glossary ofMedieval Welsh Law ( 1 9 1 3) T. Lewis - Gogerddan Old Schedule [an incomplete nineteenth-century

Glam.VB GM

Gog. O S

schedule of the Gogerddan MSS held in the NLW] GOI Goleuad Golwg GPC

-A Grammar of Old Irish R Thumeysen ( 1 94 6 edn, & 0. Bergin eds. ) - Y Goleuad ( 1 869---+) - Golwg ( 1 98 8---+) - Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymnt ( 1 950-2002) lxi

D. A Binchy

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography GPC prelim. GPN Greg. - ( 1 732) GRO GS GTM MSS Gwaith Christmas Evans Gwent Hanes Taliesin - c. 1 590(c. 1 750) Harl. MS 3859 - (>988) Haul Hav.EEW Hav.WW MSS HB - (c. 830)

HC

Hendreg. - ( c. 1 400)

HGK - (c. 1 250) History HMCh. HNAI HPB - ( 1 967) HSWWT Iaith y Rhos ID -

(>1 722) I.Morg. - (1 770-1 820)

Ind. Arch.

INSEE lists

lor. (Gwynedd) - ( 1 2001/3(c. 1 250)) Iorwerth Fynglwyd - (fl. 1 480--1 527) IPA Irish Jurist Itin.R Vaughan JCC Cardiganshire - ( 1 939) Jesus Coll. MS 20 - (> 1 200( c. l 340)) lliG JHSCW

- preliminary slips of GPC [p-y only] Gaulish Personal Names D. E. Evans ( 1 967) - Dictionnaire fram;ois-celtique ou franc;ois-breton Gregoire de Rostrenen - the Glamorgan Record Office, Cardiff - Great Sessions records, NLW - Schedule-book of Glanrhydw and Ty-mawr MSS - Gwaith Christmas Evans ( 1 898) vol. l - Gwent Local History: the Journal of Gwent Local History Council (1 976�) [contd. from PM] - 'Hanes Taliesin' (Llywelyn Sion's version copied by B. Simon of Abergwili) in 1 975 P. K. Ford pp.454-57 - genealogies from Harleian MS 3 859 { 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 9-1 3/ 1 888 Cymmrodor vol. 9 pp. 1 69-83 } - Yr Haul (from 1 950s Yr Haul a 'r Gangell) ( 1 836-1 983) - Schedule-book of Haverford (Eaton, Evans and Williams) MSS - Haverfordwest (Williams and Williams) MSS - 'Historia Brittonum' (Morris) - J. Morris 1 980 (Vatican) - D. Dumville 1 984 -A History of Carmarthenshire J. E. Lloyd (gen. ed. ) vol. 1 ( 1 935) vol.2 ( 1 939) - LlawysgrifHendregadredd (see 1 933 J. Morris-Jones & T. H. Parry-Williams) [dated c. 1 400 by D. Huws in 1 98 1 JllL WJ vol.22 p. 1 9] - Historia Gruffud vab Kenan ( 1 977) D. S. Evans ( ed.) - History ( 1 9 1 2-+) - History ofMount Church ( 1 904) in ATL n.c. - Handbook ofNorth American Indians (gen.ed.) W. C. Sturtevant - see 1 967 K. H. Jackson - Historical Society of West Wales Transactions ( 1 9 1 1-29) - faith y Rhos ( c. 1 980) V. Woolford {Rhos Llannerchrugog Public Library MS 082480} - see 1 953 G. H. Hughes - list of Welsh dialect words [a--c only] collected by Iolo Morganwg in 1 988 R M. Crowe vol.2 - Industrial Archaeology: the Journal of the History ofIndustry and Technology (known as The Journal ofIndustrial Archaeology until 1 965) ( 1 964�) - Nomenclature des hameaux, ecarts et lieuxdits (Finistere, Cotes­ du-Nord, Morbihan) ( 1 946), Institut national de Ia statistique et des etudes economiques [list of toponyms, commune by commune, and cross-referenced by departement] - 'Llyfr Iorwerth' (see 1 960 A R. Wiliam) - see 1 975 H. Ll. Jones & E. I. Rowlands - The Principles of the International Phonetic Association (1 949) - The Irish Jurist (new series) (1966-+) - Itinerary ofRobert Vaughan (>1 667) in RepWMSS vol.2 pt.3 pp. 848-49 - The Jubilee of County Councils, 1889-I939, Cardiganshire - genealogies from Jesus College MS 20 in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. 41-50 - Journal ofHistorical Geography ( 1 975--*) - Journal of the Historical Society of the Church in Wales (1 947-+) lxii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

JMHRS JRIC JRSAI JWEH

Lampeter Photographs LBS

LGBCW Ceredigion - (1 982) Litt.Wall. LL Ll.Agkyr - ( 1 346) Llais Aeron Llambed Ddoe Llan Llandysul Ddoe LlCCLl Llen Cymru Llenor LlGC - ( 1 567) Ll. Ystalfera LGW Lloffion Llangynfelyn Llyfer Plygain - ( 1 61 2) Llyfr. Ceredigion Lochlann Longleat MS 624 - ( 1268) LP LTWL

LWPN Mabinogi (WBRh) - ( 1 300V4) Mabinogi (RBH) - ( 1 300%)

Manor.Paps. - ( 1 896) MBW MC MCRO

- Journal of the Merioneth Historical and Record Society ( 1 949�) - Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall - Journal of the Royal Society ofAntiquaries ofIreland ( 1 890--+) - The Journal of Welsh Ecclesiastical History ( 1 984--+) - Lampeter and the Upper Teifi Valley in Old Photographs ( 1 990) - S. Baring-Gould & J. Fisher The Lives ofthe British Saints vol. 1 ( 1 907) vol.2 ( 1 908) vol.3 ( 1 9 1 1 ) vol.4 ( 19 13) - Local Government Boundary Commission for Wales: Report and Proposals for District of Ceredigion [with map] - Littere Wallie (see 1 940 J. G. Edwards) - The Book ofLlan Dav [mostly written c. 1 1 40, pp.77-99, 1 1 1-294, 296-330] 1 893 J. Gw. Evans (ed.) - Llyvyr Agkyr Llandewivrevi ( 1 894) (J Morris-Jones & J. Rhys eds.) - Llais Aeron, papur bro Dyffryn Aeron ( 1 976-1 988>) - Llambed Ddoe: Lampeter Yesterday ( 1 994) A Roderick & E. Davies - Y Llan, fortnightly newspaper of the Church in Wales - Llandysul Ddoe: Llandysul Yesterday ( 1 992) - Llawllyfr Cymdeithas Ceredigion Llundain ( 1 93 5-37, 1 95 1 -57) - Lien Cymru ( 1 95 1 --+) - Y Lienor ( 1 922-1 95 1 ) - Llyfr Gweddi CY.ffredin ( 1 567) ( 1 967 repr.) - Llysenwau Ystalfera ( 1 9002/2) MS 5pp. {in my possession} - The Linguistic Geography of Wales ( 1 973) A. R Thomas - Lloffion Llangynfelyn, papur bro Llangynfelyn ( 1 956-59) - Y Llyfer Plygain 1 612 ( 1 93 1 ed.11) - Llyfryddiaeth Ceredigion 1 600-1964 vols. 1-3 1 967 G. L. Jones (ed.) - Lochlann ( 1 958--+) - transcript by J. B. Smith (Aberystwyth) - see 1 961 H. Lewis & H. Pedersen - Latin Texts of the Welsh Laws (see 1 967 H. D. Emanuel) LTWL (A) - 1 1 00%(c. 1 250) LTWL (B) (Gwynedd) - (c. l 250) LTWL (C) (Gwynedd) - (c. l 250) LTWL (D) (Deheub.) - ( 1 200¥3) LT\VL (E) (Gwynedd) - ( 1400Yz) -A List of Welsh Place-names 1 968 G. Ellis {in map and pictures department, NLW} - White Book ofRhydderch text of the Mabinog� see 1 930 I. Williams - The Text of the Mabinogion and Other Welsh Talesfrom the Red Book ofHergest ( 1 887) J. Rhys & J. Gw. Evans (eds. ) [the original text of the Mabinogi is supposed to date to c. 1 060 according to 1 978 R Bromwich cxxi] - Manors and A/fanorial Rights [assorted correspondence ofD. Ll. Thomas] - 'Magnae Baroniae Waliae' c. 1 580-1620 - Montgomery Collections ( 1 868--+) - Merioneth County Record Office, Dolgellau

lxiii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography MDR M.Eist. - ( 1 92 1 )

Mers. SR - ( 1 293) Merthyr Historian Mon Monasticon - ( 1 693)

Monasticon - ( 1 849)

- A1anorial Documents Register, Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (HMC), London {copy at NLW} - 'Rhestr o Dai Adfeiledig yn Rhanbarth Mydroilyn gydag Ychydig o Nodiadau: Eisteddfod Mydroilyn Boxing Day 1 92 1 ' {NLW MS ex 1 240} - see 1 976 K. Williams-Jones -Merthyr Historian ( 1 976-+) -Man: Cylchgrawn Sir ( 1950s) - Monasticon Anglicanum, or, the History ofthe Ancient Abbies, and other Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedrals and Collegiate Churches in England and Wales ( 1 693) W. Dugdale -Monasticon Anglicanum: a History of the Abbies and other Monasteries, Hospitals, Frieries, and Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, with their Dependencies, in England and Wales ( 1 849 edn, vols. 1 -6 - repr. of 1 81 9 edn) -Morgannwg: Transactions of the Glamorgan Local History Society ( 1 957-+) - Court Leet presentments {manorial records of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS } - Court Leet presentments ofLlanbedr Pontsteffan ( 1690-1736) {manorial records of Genau'rglyn in Gogerddan MSS ; transcript in NLW MS 1 3 5 1 9--B } - manorial records ofLlanddewi Brefi ( 1 834-69) vols. 1 -2 {NLW MS 2999-D} - manorial records ofLlyswen ( 1 693, 1 774-1 912) {NLW Min.Dep. 101 3-B } - Talsarn and Silian Court Rolls ( 1 891-1923) {NLW MS 22680-E} - Memoires de Ia societe d'histoire et d'archeologie de Bretagne (1 920-+) -Myvyrian Archaeology ( 1 870 edn) - Names: a Journal of Onomastics (1 953-+) - S chedule-book ofNeuaddlwyd and Aberaeron MS S - Nanteos Farm plans ( 1 764-1 9thcent.) - S chedule-book of National Eisteddfod MSS - newspaper cuttings, when date or newspaper unknown - The National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth - NLW Deed MSS schedule-book - The National Library of Wales Journal ( 1939-+) - Schedule-books ofNLW Minor Deposits - Schedule-books ofNLW miscellaneous MSS - Nomina ( 1 977-+) - Nonconformist chapel registers - National Register of Archives, London - Index ofBaptisms at Four Calvinistic Methodist Chapels 1812-37 - see NR Ponterwyd - see NR Ponterwyd - see 1 962 E. van T. Graves - The Concise Oxford Dictionary ofEnglish Place-names ( 1 960 4th edn) ( ed. E. Ekwall) - The Oxford English Dictionary ( 1 989, 2nd edn) - Orgraffyr faith Gymraeg ( 1 928) Pwyllgor Lien Bwrdd Gwybodau Celtaidd Prifysgol Cymru - Oxford Latin Dictionary ( 1 968) [Classical Latin to AD 200] - Old Wales ( 1 905-07) - Onoma ( 1 950-+) ...

Morg. .MR Genau'rglyn

MR Llanbedr Pontsteffan

MR Llanddewi Brefi MR Llyswen MR Talsarn-a-S ulian MSHAB

Myv. Arch. Names NA MSS Nanteos fpls. Nat.Eist. MSS n. c. NLW NLW Deed MSS NLWJ NLW Min.Dep. NLW misc. MSS Nomina NR NRA NR Ponterwyd NR Tabernacl NR Trisant

OCVoc. ODEP OED OIG OLD Old Wales Onoma

lxiv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Orig.AC

OS OS TGCGB Pam. Papur Pawb Pays d'Argoat PBA PD PDB - ( 1 684) Peniarth MS 49 - (c. 1 600) Peniarth MS 53 - ( 1 484>) Peredur vab Efrawc - ( 1 3 00V4) PH PHCC Plwyf Cellan PM PN Pembs. PNRB PN Sussex PN Wars.

Pokorny PR PRO Prob. St-David Prog.Ker. Radio Cymru RBH - ( 1 300%)

RBH Poetry - ( 1 300%) RBTalgarth - ( c. l 400) RC RCA(H)M Pembs RCLW1vl RDAT - ( 1 986) RDW MSS Rec.Caem. - ( 1 3 52)

Red Dragon

- Original Documents (Archaeologia Cambrensis) {at the end of only one copy of Suppl.A C (the leather bound one) in Hugh Owen Library} - Ordnance Survey (see under maps, below) - 'Toponymic guidelines for cartography in Great Britain' in 1 982 Nomina vol.6 pp. 88-91 (Ordnance Survey guidelines) - various pamphlets in A TL - Papur Pawb, papur bro cylch Talbont ( 1 974---+) - Pays d 'Argoat, Bourbriac, Brittany - Proceedings of the British Academy ( 1 905--?-) - Schedule-book ofPembrokeshire deeds - The Account of the Official Progress of the First Duke ofBeaufort through Wales in 1684 T. Dineley {facsimile publication 1 888} - see 1 929 T. Parry - see 1 927 E. S. Roberts & H. Lewis - Historia Peredur vab Efrawc (ed.) Gl. W. Goetinck 1 976 - Pembrokeshire Historian ( 1 959, 1 966--?-) - Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium ( 1 98 1 --?-) - PlwyfCellan, anonymous history (1 945) in ATL n.c. - Presenting Monmouthshire: the Journal ofMonmouthshire Local History Council ( 1 956-1 975) [contd. as Gwent] - The Place-names ofPembrokeshire vols. 1-2 ( 1 992) B. G. Charles - see 1 979 A L. F. Rivet & C. Smith - The Place-names ofSussex, EPNS vols.6-7 ( 1 929, 1 93 0) A Mawer & F. M. Stenton & J. E. B. Gover, Cambridge: CUP - The Place-names of Warwickshire, EPNS vol. 1 3 ( 1 93 6) J. E. B. Gover & A Mawer & F. M. Stenton & F. T. S. Houghton, Cambridge: CUP - see 1 959 J. Pokorny - parish registers (see under NLW Manuscripts, below} - the Public Record Office, London - Probate Index ofSt. Davids: Cardigan 1600-1704 {NLW, manuscripts department on open shelves} - 'Progenies Keredic' c. 1200 in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum p.20 - Radio Cymru, the Welsh language radio of the BBC - Red Book ofHergest vols. 1-2 (J. Rhys & J. Gw. Evans eds.) [dated 1 3 00% by D. Huws in 1 98 1 NLWJ vol.22 p. 1 ; c. 1 400 1 992 R G. Gruffydd p . 6] - The Poetry in the Red Book ofHergest J. Gw. Evans (ed. ) 1 9 1 1 - 'Red Book of Talgarth' (Llanstephan MS 27) [see I. Williams in BBCS vol.24 pp. 1 27-30] - Revue Celtique ( 1 870-1934) - Royal Commission ofAncient Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire: vol. 7 county ofPembroke ( 1 925) - Royal Commission on Land in Wales and Monmouthshire (1 89496) vols. 1-5 -Archaeology in Dyfed: a Revielv of Ten Years' Work by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust 1976-1986 - Rhys Davys Williams MSS - Registrum Vulgariter Nuncupatum 'The Record of Caernarvon : e Codice Msto. Harleiano 696 Descriptum ( 1 838 edn, H. Ellis ed.) [including 1 4 1 9 'Extent ofMerioneth' pp. 259-92] - Red Dragon ( 1 882-87) '

lxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Rep. CBWBEW - ( 1 837)

Rep. PRO RepWMSS

RIO RJJ MSS RMLWL Rotuli Chart Rotuli OF RST Rusquec S4C San Sbec ScDD ScG Studies Scottish Studies SDMC (EC) Situ Brec. SNSBI Studia Celtica Studia Celtica Japonica Studia Hibernica Suppl.AC SWDP

Taliesin Tax.Eccl. - (1 29 1 ) TCAS TDHS TGGUW THSC THSCaems. TIBG Tincer

- Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Report and Advise upon the Boundaries and Wards of Certain Boroughs and Corporate Towns (England and Wales) ( 1 837) vols. 1 -3 - Reports ��Records in the Public Record Office, London ( 1 840�) - Historical Manuscripts Commission: Report on MSS in the Welsh Language J. Gw. Evans (ed.) vol. 1 ( 1 898) vol. 1 pt. 2 ( 1 899) vol. l pt. 3 (1 905) vol.2 pt. 1 ( 1 902) vol.2 pt.2 ( 1 903) vol.2 pt. 3 ( 1 905) vol.2 pt. 4 ( 1 9 1 0) - Revue Internationale d'Onomastique ( 1 949�) - Rees Jenkin Jones MSS - Revised Medieval Latin Word List: from British and Irish Sources ( 1 965) R. E. Latham (ed.) - Rotuli Chartarum (1 83 7 edn) vol. 1 pt. 1 - Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi Temp. Reg. Johannis 1 835 (ed. T. D. Hardy) - Radnorshire Society Transactions ( 1 93 1 �) - Nouveau dictionnaire pratique et etymologique du dialecte de Leon ( 1 895) H. du Rusquec, Paris: E. Leroux - Sianel Pedwar Cymru, the Welsh language television channel - Y San ( 1 983-84), papur bro Llandydoch - Sbec, Welsh language television magazine - The Scots Dialect Dictionary ( 1 91 1 ) A Warrack - Scottish Gaelic Studies ( 1 926�) - Scottish Studies ( 1 95 7�) - A Student's Dictionary ofModern Cornish: pt. I, English-Cornish ( 1 991) R. R M. Gendall - 'De Situ Brecheniauc' (c. 1 200) in 1 966 P. C. Bartrum pp. l 4-1 6 - The Society for Name Studies in Britain and Ireland - Studia Celtica ( 1 966�) -_Studia Celtica Japonica ( 1 988�) - Studia Hibemica ( 1 96 1 �) - Supplement to the Archaeologia Cambrensis: Original Documents vol. l 1 877 - The Survey of Welsh Dialect Phonology of which 2000 A. R. Thomas was the publication [the large number of points of information I collected in various parts of Wales whilst I was a researcher on this project, between 1 991-97, were not directly relevant to the project, as a result of which they are unlikely to be published as part of that project] - Taliesin ( 1 961�) - Taxatio Ecclesiastica Papa Nicholai - Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society ( 1 905�) - Transactions of the Denbighshire Historical Society ( 1 952-�) - Transactions of the Guild of Graduates of the University of Wales ( 1 90 1 -22) - Transactions of the Honorable Society of Cymmrodorion ( 1 892�) - Transactions of the Historical Society of Caernarvonshire ( 1 939�) - Transactions of the Institute ofBritish Geographers ( 1 93 5�) - Y Tincer, papur bro Bow Street a'r cylch ( 1 977�)

lxvi

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography T.JonesDict. TM - (c. 1900) TMS TN

TPhS Traethodydd TRHS TS Tyddynnwr TYP

Uita Cadoci Uita Carantoci (I) Uita Carantoci (II) Uita Pauli Aureliani Uita Sancti Brioci Uita Sancti Dauid Uita Sancti Dauidis ( Gir. ) Uita Sancti Gundleii Uita Sancti Kebii Uita Sancti Paterni Uita Sancti Petroc Uita Sancti Samsonis VB Caron VE Vendryes WAEWD

Walde-Hofman WBRh - ( 1 300V4) WbW WCC MSS WDPN Welshman WFM WG WGaz. WHR

WLS WM

WML

World Arch. YCM - ( 1 300V4) Y.Llannarth YmofYnydd

- see 1 68 8 T. Jones - Tribanau Morgannwg 1 976 T. Jones - tithe maps and schedules {see maps} - see 1 993 C. H. Thomas - Transactions of the Philological Society ( 1 854�) - Y Traethodydd ( 1 845�) - Transactions of the Royal Historical Society - Cardigan and Tivyside Advertiser, newspaper - Y Tyddynnwr (1 923�) - "Trioedd Ynys Prydein' [composed originally c. l l 50] (see 1 978 R Bromwich) 1 200% - Peniarth MS 1 6 {pp. 1-1 1 9} 1 300V4 - White Book {pp. 1 22-84} 1 300% - RBH {pp. 1 22-84} 1 5thcent. - Peniarth MS 47 {pp. 1 85-200} 1 400Y2 - Peniarth MS 50 {pp. 201 -27} various sources {pp. 1 20-2 1 , 228-6 1 } - c. l l 00(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp.24-1 41 [some considerably later glosses at odds with the glosses within the text] - c. l l 00(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. 1 42-47 - c. l 1 00(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans p. l 48 - c. 884( 1 0thcent. ) in 1 88 1 RC vol. 5 pp.41 3-60 - c. 850( 1 1 thcent. ) in 1 883 An.Boll. vol. 2 pp. 1 61 -90 F. Plaine ( ed. ) - c. 1 099(1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. 1 50-70 - 1 1 94 in 1 863 J. S. Brewer vol. 3 pp. 375-404 - c. l l 30 in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. l 72-93 - c. l l 00( 1 200) in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp.234-5 1 - 1 1 20 in 1 944 A W. Wade-Evans pp. 252-69 - 1 4thcent. in l 956 An.Boll. vol.74 pp. l 3 1-8 8, P. Grosjean (ed.) - c. 800( 1 000V4) in 1 9 1 2 R Fawtier La Vie de Saint Samson, Paris: Champion - Caron Vestry Book ( 1 786-1 846) {in PR Caron} - Valor Ecclesiasticus 1 53 5 vol.4 pp. 393-97 - see J. Vendryes - The Welsh Academy English-Welsh Dictionary B. Griffiths & D. Gl. Jones ( 1 995) - see 1 982 A Walde et al. - see 1 907 J. Gw. Evans - Week by Week, West Wales newspaper - see ECE MSS - see 1 987 L. Dunkling & G. Wright - The Welshman, newspaper ( 1 845-1 9 1 0) - The Welsh Folk Museum, St Pagans, Cardiff - A Welsh Grammar (see 1 9 1 3 J. Morris-Jones) - Welsh Gazette ( 1 899�) - Welsh History Review ( 1 960�) - Welsh Language Survey of Cardiganshire schools, carried out throughout the late twentieth century, see under relevant years - Western Mail, newspaper ( 1 869�) - Welsh Medieval Law (see 1 909 A W. Wade-Evans) [Cyfn. (Deheub.)] - World Archaeology ( 1 969�) - Ystorya de Carolo Magno (see 1 930 S. J. Williams) - Ysgol Llanarth: Canrif o Addysg ( 1 984) - Yr Ymofynydd ( 1 848�) lxvii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Ystrad SF Ystyr.Enwau - ( 1 907)

YyA - ( 1 97 1 ) ZCP

- see sub miscellaneous documents - Ystyron Enwau yn MhlwY.fi Towyn, Llangelynin, Llanegryn, Llanfihangel y Pennant, Talyllyn, a Phennal anon. [Eisteddfod Tywyn 1907] - Ymgyrch yr Arwyddion - Zeitschriftfur Celtische Philologie ( 1 897--+)

PRIN T ED BO OKS Aalen, F. H. A. & Whelan, Kevin & Stout, Mathew (eds.) Atlas of the Irish Rural Landscape, Cork: Cork UP 1 998 ab Alun, Man Aberystwyth 1277-1977, Aberystvvyth: author 1 977 Cestyll Ceredigion, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 991 ab !the! see 1 860 J. \Villiams Mable, P. O. & Beeler, M S. 1 996 'Place-names' in I. Goddard pp. l 85-200 Alexander, W. M. 1 952 The Place-names ofAberdeenshire, Aberdeen: Third Spalding Club Ambrose, W. R 1 872 Hynafiaethau, Cofiannau a Hanes Presennol Nant Nantlle, Pen-y-groes: G. Lewis Andrews, J. A & Henshaw, Lesley G. 1 983 'The Irish and Welsh languages in the courts: a comparative study' in Irish Jurist (new series) vol. 1 8 pp. l-22 Andrews, Rhian M. et al. 1996 Gwaith Bleddyn Fardd a Beirdd Eraill Ail Hanner y Drydedd Ganrifar Ddeg, Cardiff: UWP Anwyl, Edward 1 90 1 'Report of the Dialect Section of the Guild of Graduates' in 1 90 1 TGGUW pp. 33-52 Anwyl, John Bodvan Spurrell's English-Welsh Dictionary (rev. edn 1 93 7), Carmarthen: Spurrell 1916 ap Dafydd, Myrddin Welsh Pub Names, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 99 1 Enwau Cymraeg ar Dai, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 997 ap Gwilym, Gwynn & Lewis, Richard H. 1 98 1 Bro'r Eisteddfod: Cy.flwyniad i Faldwyn a 'i Chyffiniau, Swansea: Christopher Davies ap Nicholas, Islwyn 1 977 Heretics at Large: the Story ofa Unitarian Chapel, Llandysul: Gomer Arber-Cooke, Alfred Theodore Pagesfrom the History ofLlandovery vo1. 1 , Llandovery: Friends of Llandovery Civic Trust 1 975 Association Pagesfrom the History ofLlandovery vol.2, Llandovery: Friends of Llandovery Civic Trust 1 977 Association Ashe, Geoffrey 1 987 The Landscape ofKing Arthur, Exeter: \Vebb & Bower Ashton, William 1 920 The Evolution ofa Coast-line, London: Stanford Askew, Robert 1 888 Gossiping Guide to Wales, Oswestry: Woodall & Minshall Astill, Grenville & Grant, Annie ( eds. ) 1 988 The Countryside ofMedieval England, Oxford: Blackwell Awbery, Gwenllian 1 978 'Y tafodieithoedd Cymraeg' in Cyflwyno 'r faith Lenyddol ( 1 978), Pontypridd: Uned Iaith Genedlaethol lxviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 98 1 1 984 1 986a

' A phonological conspiracy o n the ground' in 1 98 1 CWPJVL vol. 1 pp. 1 -9 'Phonotactic constraints in Welsh' in 1 984 M. J. Ball & Gl. E. Jones pp.65-1 04 Pembrokeshire Welsh: a Phonological Study, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales I Welsh Folk Museum 1 986b 'Tafodiaith S ir Benfro' in 1 986 E. George pp. 1 65-72 Cymraeg Sir Benfro, Llanrwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 991 Blodau 'r Maes a 'r Ardd ar Lafar Gwlad, Llamwst: Carreg Gwalch 1 995 Awbery, Gwenllian & Jones, Ann E. & Suggett, Richard, F. 1 985 'S lander and defamation: a new source for historical dialectology' in CWPWL vol. 4 pp. 1 -24 Baker, Alan R H. 1969 'Some terminological problems in studies of British field systems' in AHR vol. 1 7 pp. 1 36-40 Baker, Alan R H. & Butlin, Robert A ( eds.) 1 973 Studies ofBritish Field Systems in the British Isles, London: CUP Bailey, Joseph Russell A History ofthe County ofBrecknock by Theophilus Jones vol.4, Brecon: Blisset & Davies 1 930 [ Glanusk ed. ] Balchin, W. G. V. 1 971 Swansea and its Region, Swansea: University College of Swansea BalL Martin J. ( ed. ) The Use of Welsh, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters 1 98 8 BalL Martin J. & Jones, Glyn E. (eds. ) 1 984 Welsh Phonology, Cardiff UWP BalL Martin J. et al. ( eds.) Celtic Linguistics: Readings in the Brythonic Languages: a Festschriftfor T Anvyn Watkins, 1 990 Amsterdam I Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Bammesberger, Alfred & Wollman, Alfred (eds.) 1 990 Britain 400-600: Language and History, Heidelberg: C. Winter Bannister, John A Glossary of Cornish Names, London: Williams & Northgate 1 87 1 Bardon, Jonathan A History of [Jlster, Belfast: Blackstaff 1 992 Baring-Gould, Sabine & Fisher, John 1 907-1 3 see LBS Barker, Thomas \Villiam Diocese ofSt. Davids: Particulars Relating to Endowments, etc., ofLivings: vo/. 3 Archdeaconry of 1 907 Cardigan, Carmarthen: Spurrell Barley, M. 1 963 'A glossary of names for rooms in houses of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries' in 1 963 I. Ll. Foster & L. Alcock pp.479- 501 Barrow, G. W. S. 1981 Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1 000-1306, London: E. Arnold Bartrum, Peter C. Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, Cardiff: UWP 1 966 1 967 'Rhandiroedd PO'AI)'S' in .NL WJ vol. l 8 pp.23 1 -37 Welsh Genealogies AD300-1400 vols. 1 -8, Cardiff: UWP 1 974 1 982 'Personal-names in Wales in the Fifteenth Century' in .NL WJ vol.22 pp.462-69 BaudiS, Josef 1 924 Grammar ofEarly Welsh: pt. I Phonology, London: OUP Bebb, VV. Aunbrose 1 922 'Rhai o eiriau llafar Sir Drefaldwyn' in 1 98 1 B. Griffiths pp. 87-1 1 8 1 929 Llydaw, London: Foyle Cnvydro 'r Cyfandir, Wrexham: Hughes 1 93 6 Dydd-lyfr Pythefnos neu Ddawns Angau, Bangor: Sackville 1 940 Pererindodau, Aberystwyth: Y Clwb Llyfrau Cymraeg 1 941 Benjamin, E. Al\vyn lxix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Footprints on the Sands of Time: Aberystwyth 1800-1880,

1 986

Aberystwyth: Dyfed County Council

Cultural S ervices Department Bessat, Hubert

&

1 993 200 1

Germi, Claudette

Lieux en Memoire de 1 'Alpe: Toponymie des A/pages en Savoie et Vallee d 'Aoste, Grenoble: Ellug Les Noms du Paysage Alpin: Atlas Toponymique Savoie, Vallee d 'Aoste, Dauphine, Provence, Grenoble: Ellug

Bettey, Joseph H.

Church and Parish: an Introduction for Local Historians, London:

1 987

Batsford

Betts, Clive

Culture in Crisis, Upton:

1 976

F:fynnon

Bevan, R. E . 'Notes on Llanarth and neighbourhood' in

1 926

CAST vol.4

1 92 6 pp. 60-7 1

Bevan, J. T. 1 97 1

see sub theses

Beynon, Tom

Cwm Sel a Chefn Sidan,

1 946

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The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Flintshire Place-names, Cardiff: UWP 1 959 Davies, Elwyn A Gazetteer of Welsh Place-names, Cardiff: UWP 1 957 'Hendref and hafod in Merioneth' in JMHRS vol. 7 pp. 1 3-27 1 973 'Hendref and hafod in Denbighshire' in TDHS vol.26 pp. 49-72 1 977 'Hendref and hafod in Caernarvonshire' in THSCaems. vol.40 pp. 1 7-46 1 979 'Hafod, Hafoty and Lluest, their distribution, features and purpose' in CER vol. 9 pp. 1 -41 1 980 Davies, Evan 1 905 Hanes PlwyfLlangynllo, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis Davies, Evan Beynon 1 933 The Story ofNew Quay, Cardiganshire, New Quay: Llysawel Davies, E. J. 1 95 5 see sub theses Davies, Hettie Glyn 1 958 Edrych yn 61, Liverpool: Brython Davies, Hazel "r. Bro a Bywyd: Syr O.MEdwards 1858-1920, Cardiff: Welsh Arts Council 1 988 Davies, John Antiquae Linguae Britannicae Rudimenta, London: R Young 1 621 Davies, John Llethi Afonig Llanarth, Newcastle Emlyn: J. R Davies 1 868 Davies, John c. 1 880 Cofiant y Parch. John Jones, Blaenannerch, Wrexham: Hughes & S on Davies, John Hanes Cymru, London: Allen Lane I Penguin 1 990 Davies, Jonathan Ceredig The Folklore of West and Mid Wales, Aberystwyth: Welsh Gazette 191 1 Davies, James Conway 1 940 The Welsh Assize Roll 1277---84, Cardiff: UWP 1 946a 'A papal bull of privileges to the abbot of Ystradfflur' in NL WJ vol.4 pp. 1 97-203 1 946b Episcopal Acts and Cognate Documents Relating to Welsh Dioceses 1 066-1272 vol. 1 , Cardiff: Historical Society of the Church in Wales Episcopal Acts and Cognate Documents Relating to Welsh Dioceses 1 066--1272 vol.2, Cardiff: 1 948 Historical S ociety of the Church in Wales Davies, J. E. 1 99 1 0 Graig i Graig, Port Talbot: author I Llyfrau Alun Davies, John H. The Morris Letters vol. 1 , Oxford: author 1 907 The l\;forris Letters vol.2, Oxford: author 1 909 Davies, John Henry 1 967 History ofPontardawe and District, Llandybie: C. Davies Davies, J. J. Glanrnor 1 934a see sub theses 1 934b 'Rhai o eiriau llafar Ceinewydd a'r cylch [(I)]' in BBCS vol. 7 pp.246-57, and 'R.hai gwerineiriau diddorol o ardal y Cei' in BBCS vol. 7 pp. 258-260 'Rhai o eiriau llafar Cei-newydd a'r cylch [(II)]' in BBCS vol. 7 pp. 353-62 1 93 5 1 936 'Some dialect forms from the district of New Quay, Cardiganshire' in ZCP vol.20 pp.293-3 03, 40928 Davies, J. L. 1 994 'The Roman period' in CCH vol. 1 pp.275-3 1 7 Davies, J. L. & Hogg, A H. A 1 994 'The Iron Age' in CCH vol. l pp. 2 1 9-74 Davies, John Morgan 1 966 0 Gwmpas Pumlumon, Aberystwyth: Cyrndeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion Davies, Kate lxxiv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Hafau .fY Mhlentyndod ym MhentrefPren-gwyn, Llandysul: Gomer 1 970 Davies, Lewis Lewsyn yr Heliwr, Wrexham: Hughes & Son 1922 Bargodion Hanes, Liverpool: H. Evans 1 924 Wat Emwnt, Liverpool: H. Evans & Sons 1928 Davies, Lynn see sub theses 1 969 Geiifa 'r Glowr, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales I WFM 1 976 Davies, Mervyn Story ofLlangrannog, Cardiff: E. L. Jones & Son 1973 Davies, R. I. 1 927 'Twm Shorr Gati' in CAST vol. 5 pp. 1 00-07 1 936 'Old roads in the parish of Caron' in CAST vol. 1 1 pp.21-22a Davies, Rees R 1 987 Conquest, Coexistence, and Change: Wales 1063-1415, Oxford: OUP Davies, Sioned & Jones, Nerys Ann (eds. ) 1 997 The Horse in Celtic Culture: Medieval Welsh Perspectives, Cardiff UWP Davies, S. Gwilly Wedi Croesi'r Pedwar Ugain, Llandysul: Gomer 1 967 Dyffryn Troed-yr-aur, Llandysul: Gomer 1 976 Davies, T. Yn Fore yn Felindre, Llandysul: Gomer 1 966 Davies, T. I. 1 958 'The vale of Aeron in the making' in CER vol.3 pp. l 94-206 Davies, Thomas James Gwlana, Caernarfon: Argraffty'r Methodistiaid Calfinaidd 1 962 Nabod Bro a Brodorion, Swansea: C. Davies 1 975 Pencawna, Swansea: C. Davies 1 979 1 986 Gwarlingo, Aberystwyth: Cambria Davies, Walter A General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy ofNorth Wales, London: R Phillips 1810 A General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales, London: McMillan 1 8 14 Davies, William 1 948 Hanes PlwyfLlanegryn, Liverpool: H. Evans & Sons Davies, Wendy 'Land measurements in the Liber Landavensis' in AHR vol. 21 pp. 1 1 1 -21 1 973 An Early Welsh Microcosm: Studies in the Llandaff Charters, London: Royal Historical S ociety 1 978 The Llandaff Charters, Aberystwyth: NLW 1 979 Wales in the Early Middle Ages, Leicester: Leicester UP 1 982 Patterns ofPower in Early Wales, Oxford: Clarendon 1 990 1 992 'The myth of the Celtic Church' in N. Edwards & A. Lane pp. 12-2 1 Davies, W. Beynon 'Gwerineiriau rhan isaf Dyffryn Aeron' in BBCS vol. 4 pp.287-304 [the dialect examples he collected 1929 probably represent the speech of his village of Felin-fach, and thence to Aberaeron where he probably attended secondary school] 1 952 'Ffin dwy dafodiaith' in BBCS vol. 1 4 pp.273-84 Davies, William James 1 896 Hanes PlwyfLlandysul, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis Davis, David Telyn Dewi, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green 1 824 Defoe, Daniel 1 724-26A Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain ( 1 962 edn), London: Dent I Dutton Deshayes, Albert 1 995 Dictionnaire des noms defamille Bretons, Douarnenez: La Chasse-Man�e I ArMen Dimock, James F. lxxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 868 Giraldi Cambrensis: Opera vol. 6, London: Longman, Green, Reader & Dyer Dineley, Thomas 1 684 The Account of the Official Progress of the First Duke ofBeaufort through Wales in 1 684 [PDB] Dixon, R. M. W. 1 997 The Rise and Fall ofLanguages, Cambridge: CUP Dobson, Eric John English Pronunciation 1500�1 700 vols. 1 -2 (rev. edn), Oxford: Clarendon 1 968 Dodgshon, Robert A. 1 994 'Early society and economy' in CCH vol. 1 pp.343-64 Dodgshon, Robert A & Butlin, R. A (eds.) An Historical Geography ofEngland and Wales (2nd edn), London: Academic 1 990 Downey, D. S . 1 98 1 'St. Alban's chapel, Ty-glyn' i n CER vol.9 pp. 1 62-73 Drummond, Peter 1991 Scottish Hill and Mountain Names, Glasgow: Scottish Mountaineering Trust Dumville, David N. 1 982 'The 'six' sons of Rhodri Mawr' in CMCS vol.4 pp. 5-1 8 Dunkling, Leslie & Wright, Gordon A Dictionary ofPub Names, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul [DPl'-1 1 987 Dussart, F. ( ed. ) L 'habitat e t les paysages ruraux d'Europe, Liege: Univ. de Liege 1 971 Dwnn, Lewys c. 1 600 Heraldic Visitations of Wales and Part of the Marches between 1586-1613 vols. 1-2 ( 1 841 edn), Llandovery: W. Rees Ebenezer, Lyn Cae Marged, Caernarfon: Gwynedd 199 1 Edmunds, George 1 979 The Gower Coast, Bristol: Regional Publications Edmunds, William 1 860 'On some old families in the neighbourhood of Lampeter, Cardiganshire' in AC pp. 1 65-78,272�80 Edwardes, E. Byr Hanes a m BlwyfNantcwnlle, Aberystwyth: Cambrian News 1 930 Edwards, Eric Yr Eglwys Fethodistaidd Unedig, Llandysul: Gomer 1 980 Edwards, Hywel Teifi (ed. ) Bro'r Eisteddfod 4: Llanbedr Pont Steffan, Llandybie: C. Davies 1 984 Cyfres y Cymoedd: Cwm Cynon, Llandysul: Gomer 1 997 Edwards, Ifan ab Owen ( ed.) 1 929 Catalogue of Star Chamber Proceedings relating to Wales, Cardiff: UWP Edwards, J. Goronwy 1916 'The early history o f the counties o f Carmarthen and Cardigan' i n EHR vol. 3 1 pp. 90-98 Calendar ofAncient Correspondence concerning Wales, Cardiff: UWP 1 935 Littere Wallie, Cardiff UWP 1 940 1 956 'The Normans and the Welsh March' in PBA vol.42 pp. 1 55�77 Edwards, Nancy 1991 'The Dark Ages' in J. Manley et al. pp. 1 29-41 Edwards, Nancy & Lane, Alan Early Medieval Settlements in Wales AD400-1 1 00: a Critical Reassessment, Cardiff: Dept. of 1 988 Archaeology, Cardiff Univ. The Early Church in Wales and the West, Oxford: Oxbow Books 1 992 Edwards, Richard 1 947 Hanes Bethania, Aberteifi, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis Edwards, W. 1 936 'Llanrhystyd' i n CAST vol. 1 1 pp. 63-67 Ekwall, Eilert lxxvi

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Cofnodion a Chyfansoddiadau Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Aberystwyth, Cardiff: Cymdeithas yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol

Evans, E. Wnion c. 1 904 Hanes a Dechreuad yr Annibynnwyr a Sefydliad yr Achos yn Eglwyifach, Glandyfi, Dolgellau: W. Hughes & S on Evans, G. 1 922 'The story of Newcastle Emlyn to 1 53 1 ' in Cymmrodor vol. 32 pp. 5 8-1 70 Evans, George Eyre Aberystwyth and its Court Leet, Aberystwyth: Welsh Gazette 1 902 Cardiganshire, Aberystwyth: Welsh Gazette 1 903 Lampeter, Aberystwyth: W. Jones 1 905 Lloyd Letters, Aberystwyth: W. Jones 1 908 c. 1 93 6 see sub Carmarthenshire Record Office Evans, Gwladys Elen A Collection of the Place-names ofLlandysilio-Go-Go together with their Meanings, Carmarthen: 1 90 1 Carmarthen Journal Evans, G. G. 1 98 1 'Lake names in Montgomeryshire' in MC vol. 69 pp.57-72 1 985 'Stream names of the Severn basin in Montgomeryshire' (pt. 1 ) in MC vol. 73 pp. 69-95 1 986 'Stream names of the Severn basin in Montgomeryshire' (pt.2) in MC vol.74 pp.49-69 1 987 'Stream names of the Severn basin in Montgomeryshire' (pt.3) in MC vol. 75 pp.29-49 Evans, Hugh 1 93 1 Cwm Eithin, Liverpool: H. Evans & Sons Evans, H. R 1 96 1 'A village worthy: Evan Isaac Thomas of Llandysul ( 1 823-1 908)' in CER vol.4 pp. 1 46--8 9 Evans, Jonah Cofiant y Parch. Evan Jones, Crngybar, Llandeilo: D. W. & G. Jones 1 883 Evans, John Byrgofiant am Naw a Deugain o Weinidogion Ymadawedig SirAberteifi, Dolgellau: E. W. Evans 1 894 Hanes Methodistiaeth De Aberteifi, Dolgellau: E. W. Evans 1 904 Yr Ail Fyr-gofiant, Dolgellau: E. W. Evans 1 907 Y Trydydd Byr-gofiant, Dolgellau: E . W. Evans 1 91 3 Evans, J. Gwenogvryn 1 888 'Extracts from Hengwrt MS 34' in Cymmrodor vol.9 pp. 325-33 1 893 see sub LL The White Book Mabinogion . . , Pwllheli: author 1 907 Black Book ofChirk, Llanbedrog: author [BBCh] 1 909 The Poetry in the Red Book ofHergest, Llanbedrog: author 191 1 1 91 6 adjudication upon an essay set upon the place-names of Cardiganshire in 1 9 1 6 E . V . Evans; also in Nat.Eist. MS 5g [misnumbered MS 1 3g in p. 73 of the schedule-book ofNatEist. MSS] Evans, J. W. 1 992 'The survival of the clas as an institution in Medieval Wales: some observations on Llanbadarn Fawr' in N. Edwards et al. pp. 33-40 Evans, Meirion 1 959 Yr Hen Gape/, Llechryd, Llanelli: John Penry Evans, Myra A tgofion Cei-newydd, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion 1 96 1 c. 1 965 Atgofion leuenctidyng Ngheinewydd vols. 1 -2 {WFM MS 1 654/12-1 3 } Evans, Ray 1 986 YLlyffant, Llandysul: Gomer Evans, Theophilus Drych y PrifOesoedd ( 1 st edn, G. H . Hughes (ed. ) 1 96 1 ), Cardiff: UWP 1716 1 740 Drych y PrifOesoedd (2nd edn, S. J. Evans (ed.) 1 902), Bangor: Jarvis & Foster Evans, Thomas (bn. Cledanydd) 1 897 Caneuon Cledanydd, Lampeter: Welsh Press .

lxxviii

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Evans T. Cadrawd 1 887 History ofLlangynwyd, Llanelli: Llanelly & County Guardian Evans, Thomas David Gwernogle 1 924 Deryn Du Gwernogle, Cardiff: Educational Publishing Co. Evans, W. Eilyr 1 909 'Ymweliad gwiber ag Emlyn: chwedl yn nhafodiaith cylch Castellnewydd Emlyn' in 1 992 C. Jones & D. Thorne pp. 56-63 Evans, William R Caw! Shir Bemro, Llandysul: Gomer 1986 Fi yw Hwn, C. Davies, Swansea 1 990 Fairhurst, H. 1 967 'The rural settlement pattern of Scotland, with special reference to the west and north' in R W. Steel et a/. pp. 1 93-209 Favereau, Francis 1 984 see sub theses 1 992a Dictionnaire du breton contemporain, Morlaix: Skol Vreizh Grammaire du breton contemporain, Morlaix: Skol Vreizh 1 997 Fenton, John 1 860 'Cardiganshire antiquities' inAC pp. 58-61 Fenton, Richard Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire (2nd edn of 1 903), London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme 1 81 0 & Co. [additional notes by J. Fenton] 1 804-1 3 Tours in Wales ( 1 9 1 7, ed. J. Fisher), London: Bedford Field, John English Field-names, Newton Abbot: David & Charles 1 972 'Derogatory field-names' in EPNS Journal vol. 9 pp. l 9-25 1 977 Compliment and Commemoration in English Field-names, Dacorum College Occasional Papers n. l 1 986 A History ofEnglish Field-names, London: Longman 1 993 Discovering Place-names: their Origin and Meanings ( 1 st edn 1 97 1 ), Haverfordwest: Shire 1 994 Publications Finberg, H. P. R The Agrarian History ofEngland and Wales vol.4, Cambridge: CUP 1 967 The Agrarian History ofEngland and Wales vol. l pt.2, Cambridge: CUP 1 972 Fisher, John 1 896 'The Welsh calendar' in THSC 1894-95 pp. 99-1 45 1 91 4 'Some place-names in the locality o f St. Asaph' in AC pp. 22 1 -46 Flanagan, Deirdre 1 980 'Place-names in early Irish documentation: structure and composition' in Nomina vol.4 pp.41-45 Flatres, Pierre 1 97 l a 'Hamlet and village' in R H. Buchanan et a/. pp. l 65-85 1 97 lb 1Jn probleme de localisation de l'habitat et des etablissements ruraux en Bretagne: les localisations littorales' in F. Dussart pp. 8 1-93 Flenley, R A Calendar of the Register of the Queen 's Majesty's Council in the Dominion and Principality of 1916 Wales . , London: Cymmrodorion Fleuriot, Leon Le vieux breton: elements d'une grammaire, Paris: C. Klinksieck 1964 'Les eveques de la 'Clas Kenedyr', eveche disparu de la region de Hereford' in EC vol. l 5 pp.225-26 1 977 Ford, Patrick K. 1 975 'A fragment of the Hanes Taliesin' in EC vol l 4 pp.45 1-60 Ystorya Taliesin, Cardiff: UWP 1 992 Foster, Idris Ll. & Alcock, Leslie Culture and Environment: Essays in Honour ofSir Cyril Fox, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1 963 Foxall, H. D. G. 1 980 Shropshire Field-names, Shrewsbury: Shropshire Archaeological Society ..

lxxix

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bib liography Francis, Absalom 1 874

History ofCardiganshire Mines from the Earliest Ages and Authenticated History to A.D. 1874, Aberystwyth: J. Morgan

Fraser, Ian 1 970

'Place-names from oral tradition: an informant's repertoire'

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Fychan, Cledwyn 1 966

'Lluestau Blaenrheidol' in

1 973

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CER vo1. 5

1 98 1

'Encilion Bro Ddyfi'

1 988

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pp. 246-63

Talybont: Lolfa

i n 1 98 1 Gw.

H. Lewis pp. 1 7-3 0 in Lien Cymru vol. 1 5 pp.289-307

a p Gwilym & R

Fychan, Gw. Angharad 2001

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0. H. The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District,

Fynes-Clinton, 1913

Oxford: author

[ WVBD]

Gadsden, G. D . 1 988

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London: Sweet

& Maxwell

Gelling, Margaret

The Place-names ofBerkshire, Cambridge: CUP Place-names in the Landscape, London: Dent

1 973 1 984 George, E. ( ed. ) 1 986

Bro 'r Eisteddfod: Abergwaun a 'r Fro, Llandybie:

C. Davies

George, Ken Callington: Cornish Language Board

1 993

Gerlyver Kemewek Kemmyn,

1 997

'Mid-length vowels in Cornish'

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George, T. Neville 1 970 Gimson,

South Wales: British Regional Geology (3rd edn),

London: HMSO

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A

1 970

An Introduction to the Pronunciation ofEnglish

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E. Arnold

Giraldus Cambrensis see

Gir.DK, Gir.IK, Gir.Spec. , Uita Sancti Dauidis (Gir.)

see W. Thomas

Glan.ffrwd

Goddard, Ives ( ed. ) 1 996

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de la Villemarque

ed. ) Gooder, Eileen

A

1 978

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Longman

Grant, I. F . 1 96 1

Highland Folkways,

London: Routledge

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Graves, E. van T. 1 962 Gregson,

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in Arch. Camb. vol. l 0 1 pp. l l 8-20 Eifionydd: a Study in Landownership from the Medieval Period to the Present Day, Cardiff: 'Medieval parish and township boundaries in Gwynedd' in BBCS vol. 34 pp. l 3 7-49

G. 1 978

pp.3 3 9-5 1

A

1 939 1 973 Grey, C.

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lxxx

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The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology ofMid- Wales, Leeds: Association for Industrial Archaeology Hall, George William Metal Mines of Southern Wales, Westbury-on-Severn: author 1 97 1 Hamer, Edward & Lloyd, H. W. 1 875 History of the Parish ofLlangurig, London: T. Richards Ramp, Eric P. 1 956a 'The development of Modem Welsh syllabic structure' in BBCS vol. l 7 pp. 30-36 1 992 'Goidil, Feni, GWynedd' in PHCC vol. l2 pp.43-50 Harley, J. B. & Walters, G. 1 982 '\Velsh orthography and O. S. mapping 1 820-1 905' in A C vol. 1 3 1 pp. 98-1 3 5 Harries, B. D. 1 956 see sub theses Harries, W. H. 1 950 'St. David's College, Lampeter' in CER vol. l pp.43-52 Hartley, A H. 1 980 'The expansion of Ojibway and French place-names into the Lake Superior region in the seventeenth century' Names vol.28 pp.43-68 Harvey, P. D. A Manorial Records, London: BRA 1 984 Haycock, Marged 1 988 'Llyfr Taliesin' in NLWJ vol. 25 pp. 357-86 Blodeugerdd Barddas o Ganu Crefyddol Cynnar, Llandybie: Barddas 1 994 Hayes, D. Planhigion Cymru a'r Byd, Kirkby-in-Ash:field: Maes Onn 1 995 Hernon, Roparz Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg, ( 1 st edn), La Baule: Preder [GIB] 1 979 Henderson, Charles 1 93 5 Essays in Cornish History, Oxford: Clarendon Henken, Elizabeth R Traditions of Welsh Saints, Cambridge: D . S. Brewer 1 987 The Welsh Saints: a Study in Patterned Lives, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer 1 991 Henry, Victor 1 900 Lexique etymologique des termes les plus usuels du breton modeme, Rennes: J. Plihon & L. Herve Hincks, Rhisiart E. Prosser Rhys 1901-45, Llandysul: Gomer 1 980 de hOir, E. 1 975 'Sraicfheachaint ar logainmeacha Bhaile Atha Cliath' in Studia Hibemica vol. l 5 pp. l 28--42 Holmer, Nils M. 1 962 The Gaelic ofKintyre, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Hooson-Owen, Ll. 1 954 see sub theses Horsfall-Turner, E. R Walks and Wanderings in County Cardigan, Bingley: T. Harrison 1 902 Houlder, C. H. 1 994 'The Stone Age' in CCH vol. l pp. l 07-23 Howell, David W. Land and People in Nineteenth-century Wales, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1 977 Patriarchs and Parasites: the Gent1y of South-West Wales in the Eighteenth Century, Cardiff: 1 986 1 984

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Ceredigion Hudson-Williams, Thomas 1 950

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Hughes, A J. 1 99 1

'The Old Cornish name Brenci and Middle Welsh Brengi/Bryngi' in CMCS vol.22 pp. 95-1 00

Hughes, C. Currie 1 960

Trem ar Ddwy Ganrif o Hanes Tabemacl, Aberteifi: 1 760-1960,

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Hughes, Garfield H. 1 953

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Hughes, Glyn Tegai 1 977 Hughes, John 1 898 Hughes, P.

B)llt')ld y Parch.

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The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Secrets et mysteres de nos ker vol. 1, Lorient: Dalc'homp Soiij 1 995 Secrets et mysteres de nos ker vol.2, Lorient: Dalc'homp Soiij 1 996 Jaffrennou, Fran9ois 1 91 4 see Ger. Taldir James, B. Ll. 1 972 'The Welsh language in the Vale of Glamorgan' in Morgannwg vol. 1 6 pp. 1 6-36 James, David B. 1 991 Myddfai: its Lands and Peoples, Llandre: author James, H. 1 994 'The archaeology of early Christianity in Cardiganshire' in CCH vol. 1 pp. 3 97-407 James, J. 1 850 'On the similarity of the different Welsh dialects' in AC pp. 9-23 James, Jenkin Gemau Ceredigion, Lampeter: Cardiganshire Education Committee 1920 James, M Euronwy 1 971 Annibynwyr Pisgah a Phenrhiwgaled, Ceredigion, Penrhyncoch: author James, Terrence 1 997 'Bleddri ap Cadifor ap Collwyn, lord ofBlaencuch and Cil-sant: fabulator of Arthurian romance?' in TCAS vol. 33 pp.43-54 James, T. A. 1992 'Air photography of ecclesastical sites in South Wales' in N. Edwards et al. pp. 62-76 Jarman, A. 0. H. (ed. ) 1 982 Llyfr Du Caerjjwddin , Cardiff: UWP [BBC] Jenkins, Dafydd 1 962 'Trefn ffarm a llafar gwlad' in CER vol.4 pp.244-54 1 963 Llyfr Colan, Cardiff: UWP [Col. (Gwynedd)] 1 967 'A lawyer looks at Welsh land law' in THSC 1967 pp.220-48 Damweiniau Colan: Llyfr y Damweiniau yn ol Llawysgrif Peniarth 30, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas 1 973 Lyfrau Ceredigion [Col. (Damweiniau)] Agricultural Co-operation in Welsh Medieval Law, Cardiff: WFM 1 982 1 990 The Laws ofHywel Dda: Lmv Textsfrom Medieval Wales, Llandysul: Gomer Jenkins, David Cerddi Cerngoch, Lampeter: Welsh Church Press 1 904 Cerddi Ysgol Llanycrwys ynghyd a Hanes PlwY.fLlanycrwys, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis 1 934 1 936 Dyffryn Aeron' in CAST vol. l 1 pp. 56-{)2 Jenkins, David Hanes yr Hen Gape! yn Aberporth, Aberporth: author 1 983 Jenkins, David Bra DafYdd ap Gwilym, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion 1 992 0 Blas Gogerddan i Horeb: Taith Dwy Ganrif, Aberystwyth: NLW 1 993 Jenkins, David Erwyd Bedd Gelert: its Facts, Fairies and Folk-lore, Porthmadog: L. Jenkins 1 899 Jenkins, D. 0. Crwth Llan 'bydder, Llandysul: J. D. Lewis 1 93 1 Jenkins, Evan 1 959 Cerddi Ffair Rhos, Aberystwyth: Aberystwyth Press Jenkins, Geraint H. Y Capel Bach: Hanes Capel Ebeneser, Penparcau c. l812-1989, Aberystwyth: NLW 1 989 The University of Wales: an Illustrated History, Cardiff: UWP 1 993 Jenkins, Huw Emlyn I Lygad y Ffynnon: Addysg Gynradd yn Llanbedr Pontsteffan I Primary Education in Lampeter, 2003 Lampeter: Cymdeithas Rieni ac Athrawon Ysgol Gymunedol Ffynnonbedr Jenkins, J. Geraint 1969a The Welsh Woollen Industry, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales I WFM 1 969b Studies in Folk Life: Essays in Honour ofIorwerth C. Peate, London: Routledge & K. Paul lxxxiv

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Sul

Pentre'r Bont 1 990

YMynydd Bach a Bra Eiddwen,

Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion

Jones, E. D . 1 936 1 953 1 984

'Court Leet records'

in CAST vol. 1 1 pp. 68-75 Gwaith Lewis Glyn Cothi vols. 1 -2, Cardiff: UWP Lewis Glyn Cothi - Detholiad, Aberystwyth: UWP

[orthography modernised]

Jones, Evan David 1 978

Trem ar Ganrifyn Hanes Eglwys Gynulleidfaol Baker Street, Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth: author

Jones, Emyr Gwynne ( ed. ) 1 939

Exchequer Proceedings concerning Wales: Henry VIII - Elizabeth I,

Cardiff:

UWP

Jones, Elizabeth Megan 1 989 Jones, E.

Bra Mebyd: Plwyf Silian,

S ilian: author

R 1 908

'Enwau llefydd Mon a'u tarddiad'

1914

'Cymraeg Mon a Chymraeg Godre Ceredigion ochr yn ochr'

in Eisteddfod Gadeiriol Mon 1907 pp. 3 8-95 in Geninen pp. 1 3 8-41

Jones, Francis 1 950 1 952 1 954a 1 954b 1 972

'The subsidy of 1 292'

in BBCS vol. 1 3 pp. 2 1 0-30 in LICCLI pp. 2 1 -27 The Holy Wells of Wales, Cardiff: UWP 'Family tales from Dyfed' in THSC pp. 6 1 -83 'Boundaries of the lordship of Talley' in BBCS vol. l 4 pp. 5 1 8-26

'The wells of Ceredigion'

1 984

'The manor of Granant 1 794- 1 82 1 ' in NLWJ vo1. 23 pp. 3 53-56

1 987

Historic Carmarthenshire Homes and their Families, Antiquarian Society I Dyfed Cultural Services Dept.

Carmarthen: Carmarthenshire

Jones, Fred 1 977

Hunangojiant Gwas Ffarm,

Swansea: Ty John Penry [many disguised names]

Jones, Frank Price 1 969

Crwydro

Gorllewin Dinbych,

Lalndybie: Llyfrau' r Dryw

Jones, F. Wynn 1 963

Canmlwydd Siloh Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth: Cymdeithas Lyfrau Ceredigion

Jones, Glyn E. 1 982

' Central rounded and unrounded vowels in sixteenth-century Welsh' in

CWPWL

vol.2

pp.43-52 1 983

see sub theses

1 984b

'Atodiad i

1 984c

' The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh' in 1 984 M. J. Ball & Gl. E. Jones

The Linguistic Geography of Wales' in CWPWL vol. 3

pp. 40-1 761 Menevia Sacra, in 1 927 A C supplemental volume, (F. Green ed.), London: Bedford

ex

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

MAPS

Ordnance Survey oos ( 1 8 1 1 -34)

OS 1 81 9 OS1 83 1 O S 1 834 OS 1 83 6 OS 1 837 OS1 89 1 OS 1 904 0Sc. l 950 OS 1 974

OS1 982

original OS surveys {NLW ( 1 927)} [the original first series maps of the Ordnance Survey are available in The Old Series Ordnance Survey Maps ofEngland and Wales: vol. 6 Wales (Harry Margary, Lympne Castle, Kent)] Old Series 1 ", sheets 40, 58 (Aberteill) Old Series 1", sheet 4 1 (Newcastle-Emlyn) Old Series 1", sheet 56, 57 (New Radnor, Tregaron) Old Series 1 ", sheet 60 (Llanidloes) Old Series 1 ", sheet 59 (Machynlleth) 1 st edition 6" 2nd edition 6" 1 :25 000 Geol.map Central Wales Mining Field 1 : 1 00 000, Institute of Geological S ciences. Geological survey of Great Britain. 1 : 1 0 000 [the new 1 : 25 000 Pathfinder series has no value independent from OS 1 982]

National Library of Wales [NLW] c. l 350( 1 933)

c. l 3 60map Gough 1 578map C. Saxton

1 580map C. Saxton 1 6 1 0map J. Speed 1 699map W. Waller 1 747map L. Morris

1 747sur map L. Morris 17 48map L. Morris 1753rnap E. J. Eyre 1 756map RM A1 87

1933 W. Rees South Wales and the Border in the Fourteenth Century (map) [though not strictly a document of the fourteenth century, W. Rees, a noted medievalist of his generation was able to see many documents in the PRO not printed or seen since his time. Unless those selfsame documents are printed in another source (or seen by myself) I will content myself by quoting his forms, though some of his identifications - as he made clear - are faulty] 'Map of Great Britain: known as the 'Gough map" {facsimile of Bodleian Library, Oxford} 'Radnor, Breknok, Cardigan et Caermarden, quatuor australis Cambriae cornitatum . . . B. Deheubart' A. Southwales descriptio ' in 1 579 C. Saxton An Atlas of England and Wales Map of Wales 1 580 C. Saxton Map of Cardiganshire in 1 699 W. Waller A Plan of the Mannor ofPerveth Commonly Call 'd Cwmmwd y Perveth {RM 1 1 8} [G. Morgan [ 1 992 p. 6] dates map to 1 744] in 1 747 L. Morris Plan of harbours, bars, bays and roads in St. George 's Channel {in 1 748 L. Morris} A Plan of. . . Waste or Common ... Parish of Gwnnws Map of Crosswood Demesne { Gogerddan estate plans: RM A1 87} CXl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

I 758map J. Butcher I 760map E. Bowen I 764-I9thcent. Nanteos fpls. 1 760map E. Bowen 1 765map E. Bowen et al.

1765map RM Al25 I 765map Plas Cilcennin I 766sur map I 769map T. Lewis c. I 769map Rhosgellan I 772map M Williams I 773sur map >I 774map Moelfferm 1775map R Jones 1 776map Llwyngrawys I 776map M Mackenzie 1 777map Canllefas-ganol I778sur map I78 Isur map 1 787sur map 1 787map R Davis I 787-88map R. Davis 1788sur map I 788map R Davies 1 789sur map 1 790sur map 1 790map Hengwmannedd 1 790map T. Lewis I 79l sur map I 793map Pentre I 795map D.Davies I 796sur map 1 799map Cawres 1 799sur map 1 799sur map Llanllyr c. 1 800map RM Al l l

A Map ofLlwyndyris in the Parish ofLlandygwith {map coll.497} Map of South Wales [some information dating from 1 729] Nanteos farm plans Map ofSouth Wales 'A New and Accurate Map of Cardiganshire Drawn from a Late Survey' in The Universal Magazine June 1 765 {M1 265, M8066} Map of Gogerddan Gardens T. Lewis {RM A1 25} Map of the Demsene Lands ofKilkennin T. Lewis {Crosswood 1 21 /BRN 1 6561 } Maps and Plans of the Earl ofLisburne 's Estate in Cardiganshire {Crosswood Plans vol2} Map ofRhoskellan Estate T. Lewis {RM A120} Map ofRhosgellan Estate {RM Al l 0} Plans ofGwar-y-wem and Newgate M. Williams {map 71 67} Maps ofKilgwyn Estate {Cilgwyn} Map ofMoelf.ferm, Troedrhiwcastell, and Ty-gwyn {Box 483 (B)} A Map ofFynnon Wenil and Tyllcoed {Llangrannog C} Maps ofLlwyngrcrnys Estate C. Hansall {map vol. 1 0 } Maritime Survey ofIreland and the West of Great Britain, vol.2 M. Mackenzie {map vo1.95} Map of Canllefas-ganol {map 71 52 1 34/1/1 8} Maps of the Court Grange Estate T. Lewis {map vol 3 8 } Maps and Plans of the Earl ofLisburne 's Estate in Cardiganshire {Crosswood Plans vols. l-2} Maps of the Estates ofEdward Loveden Loveden T. Lewis {map vol. 39} A Map of Gogerddan Lands R Davis {RM C22} Map ofBrongofR Davis {RM AI 07} Map ofRhosgoch Estate T. Lewis {RM AI 08} Map ofNantcellan-fach, Glanmor, Tan-y-foel R Davies {RM AI 06} Map ofLodge Park Estate_ {RM C20} Maps of the Gogerddan Estate T. Lewis {map vol. 3 7 } Map ofHengwmannedd { Gogerddan Box 537} Map ofCors Fochno T. Lewis {RM AI 09} Maps ofLlanfair Clywedogau and Llanddewi Brefi Estates {map vol.36} Maps of the Estate ofD. Saunders Davies, Pentre 1 793-1815 R Jones {dep. J. C. Davies} Map ofPart ofPeifedd D. Davies { Gogerddan Box 534} Maps of the Gwastad Estate ( I 83 I ) {map vol.30} Map of Cawres {map 7 I 68 1 34/l / I 8 } Maps of the Gwastad Estate ( I 83 I ) {map vol.30} Map ofLlanllyr Estate {map vol.7} A map of the borough ofAberystwyth and surrounding lands {RM AI I I } CXll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography c. 1 800map LB c. 1 800map Crugmor 1 80 1 map W. Morris

Plans ofLluest-fawr and Berthlwyd {Morgan Richardson dep.n. 6} Map of Crugmor {map 7 1 69 1 34/1/1 8 } Plan of the Principal Harbours, Bays, and Roads, in St. George 's and the Bristol Channels {WE 1 1 5 } in 1 803 B . H . Malkin A New Map of Cardiganshirefrom an Actual Survey see 1 793map Pentre Map of Ty-n-rhyd alias Grogwynnion Map ofAberystwyth Map ofPlas Aberporth {Morgan Richardson dep.n.2} Maps of the Gwastad Estate ( 1 83 1 ) {map vol.30} see 1 793map Pentre Map of the Estates of the Lord Bishop ofSt. Davids { 1 4 229} Enclosure Map ofAnhuniog {Card. C. C. Dep. 20} Maps of the Noyadd Estate {C. L. E. Morgan Richardson dep. } A Survey of the Nanteos Estate W. Crawford {map vol.45 } Map ofMoelfferm {Nanteos Dep. maps, pp. 1 7-1 8 of a volume of plans} Enclosure Map ofRhosgell {Nanteos fpl.273 } Map ofMoifa-yr-escob W. Morgan {Llidiardau Coil. n. 1 } A Survey of the Nanteos Estate {map vol. l 4 } Boundary Report Plans Abertei:fi {M8 073} Aberystwyth {M8 069} Atbar, Llanbedr Pontsteffan {no accession number: in Illustrations to Meyrick 's Cardiganshire} Map of Hafod Estate {RM A64 PA 4796} Maps of Cardigan, and Aberystwyth [slight variations are found for both these maps in 1 993 A. Baynton­ Williams Town and City Maps of the British Isles 1 800-1 855 pp. 86, 93] A Map of the Lordship ofNant-yr-arian { Gogerddan Estate plans RM A124} Bryngwyn R Morgan {map vol.42} Map of Gogerddan Demesne R Morgan {RM A1 1 8} Boundary Report Plans Abertei:fi {M1 292} Aberystwyth {M3 1 3 5 } Map ofDdoynant, Cwmann, and Pant-newydd J. Edwards (Llidiardau Coli. n.2} . . .

1 803map B. H. Malkin 1 803map J. S inger 1 803map Pentre 1 806map R Jones 1 809map W. Couling 1 8 1 Omap Plas Aberporth 1 8 1 3sur map 1 8 1 5map Pentre 1 8 1 5sur map 1 8 1 6Encl. map 1 81 7sur map 1 8 1 9sur map c. 1 8 1 9map Moelfferm 1 824Encl. map Rhosgell 1 825map Morfa-esgob c. 1 83 0sur map Nanteos 1 832map R K. Dawson

1 834map Hafod 1 834map J. Wood

1 834map W. Morgan 1 834sur map 1 836map RM A1 1 8 1 837map R K. Dawson

1 844map Cwmann TMS ( 1 837-45)- Tithe maps and schedules

Aberporth ( 1 838), Aberteifi ( 1 83 9), Bangor ( 1 837), Betwsbledrwys ( 1 839), Betwsifan (1 839), Betwslleucu ( 1 845), Blaenpennal ( 1 842), Blaenporth ( 1 837), Brongwyn (1 844), Caron ( 1 839), Cellan ( 1 843), Cilcennin (1 840), Ciliau Aeron ( 1 83 9), Dihewyd ( 1 844), Doetliiau-Camddwr ( 1 840), Doethiau­ Pysgotwr ( 1 840), Ferwig ( 1 838), Gartheli ( 1845), Garth-ag-Ystrad ( 1 841), Gogouan (1 845), Gorwydd ( 1 839), Gwnnwys ( 1 844), Gwynftl ( 1 842), Henfynyw CXlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

1 847aEncl. map 1 847bEncl. map 1 850map G. Pugh

( 1 845), Henllan ( 1 839), Llanafan ( 1 843), Llanbadarn­ fawr ( 1 843), Llanbadarn Odyn ( 1 845), Llanbadarn Trefeglwys ( 1 839), Llanbedr Pontsteffan ( 1 839), Llanddeinoel ( 1 839), Llanddewi Aberarth ( 1 839), Llandydoch ( 1 83 8), Llandyfriog ( 1 839), Llandygwy ( 1 839), Llandysul ( 1 84 1 ), Llandysulio Gogo ( 1 84 1 ), Llanfair Clywedogau ( 1 844), Llanfair Orllwyn ( 1 839), Llanfair Treflygen ( 1 843), Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn ( 1 844), Llanfmangel Genau'rglyn ( 1 845), Llangeitho ( 1 839), Llangoedmor ( 1 83 8), Llangrannog ( 1 840), Llangwrddon ( 1 843), Llangybi ( 1 839), Llangynfelyn ( 1 844), Llangynllo ( 1 839), Llanilar ( 1 843), Llanina ( 1 837), Llanio ( 1 842), Llanllwchaearn ( 1 846), Llannarth ( 1 837), Llannerchaeron ( 1 839), Llanrhystud ( 1 839), Llansantfred ( 1 84 1 ), Llanwenog ( 1 843) [the original map in NLW is in a precarious state, and one must go to the PRO to see another original duplicate, the NLW photocopy does not show the colour distinctions of the hamlet boundaries very well], Llanwnnen ( 1 844), Llanychaearn ( 1 843), Llechryd ( 1 839), Lledrod ( 1 843 ), Mwnt ( 1 847), Nantgwnllau ( 1 839), Penbryn ( 1 838), Prysg-a-Charfan ( 1 839), Rhosd1au ( 1 839), Sulian ( 1 845), Trefilan ( 1 83 9), Tremain ( 1 83 8), Troedrour ( 1 83 7), Ysbyty Ystwyth ( 1 842), Ystrad ( 1 839), Ystradmeurig ( 1 839) Enclosure map ofCorsjochno {Card. C. C. Dep. 5 } Enclosure map ofCorsjochno {Card. C . C . Dep. 5 }

c. 1 850map Atbar

Lands Sold and Allotted to Pryse Pryse esq. under the Geneu 'r Glyn Inclosure Act {RM A 1 22} Map of the Borough ofAdpar (with Emlyn) { Cilgwyn

c. 1 850map Brynambor c. 1 850map Cefn Llanafan

Map ofBrynambor { Gogerddan Box 534} Map of the Wastes ofLlanafan {Llanafan Cards. C:

c. 1 850map Genau'rglyn c. 1 850map Nantrarian

A Map of the Lands of Generglyn in the County of Cardigan { Gogerddan Box 534} Map of the Manor ofNantrarian { Gogerddan Box

c. 1 850map Perfedd

Map of Part of the Manor ofPeifedd { Gogerddan

1 855Encl. map 1 856map CME 1 856Encl. map 1 857map J. Imray 1 857map J. Mathews 1 857Encl. map

Enclosure Map ofAberteifi { Card. C. C.Dep. 1 } Map of Ceulan-a-Maesmor and Eleirch {RM C23 } Enclosure map ofCellan { Card. C. C. Dep.2} Chart of St. George 's Channel J. Imray {RM A1 57} Map of Bwlchglas {Gogerddan Box 537} Enclosure Map ofNantgwnllau (Upper Division)

c. 1 85 8map Ruthin 1 859map Gogerddan n.24

Map ofRuthin {Longueville 22, fol. 1 1 0} Plan ofDolrhyddlan, Waunhesgog, Cyneinog, Moelfferm, and Brynfedwen-fach { Gogerddan map

1 859Encl. map

Enclosure Map ofLlanfair Clywedogau { Card. C. C .

1 859Encl. map

Enclosure Map ofLlangeitho { Card. C. C. Dep. 1 0}

MS 343 in MSS Dept}

Gogerddan fpls. }

534} Box 534}

{Card. C. C. Dep. 1 2 }

n.24-D} Dep. 8 }

CXlV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 1 860>map Genau'rglyn

Map ofMountain in Genau 'rglyn Lordship

1 860>map Perfedd 1 864Encl. map 1 865Encl. map

Map of the Manor ofPeifedd { Gogerddan Box 534} Enclosure Map ofBlaenpennal { Card. C. C. Dep. 1 1 } Enclosure Map ofLlanfihangel-y-creuddyn { Card.

1 866Encl. map 1 867map Hafod min.pls. 1 868map H. James

Enclosure Map of Gwnnwys {Card. C.C. Dep. 6 } Hafod Mining Plans: Bwlchranos Mine {RM C I2 }

{Gogerddan Box 534}

C. C. Dep. 9}

1 872Encl. map 1 873map Trecregyn 1 875map Blaentwrch 1 876map Brithdir 1 883map East-Darren min. pl. 1 884map Rhisgog 1 889Encl. map c. 1 889map Mynydd Llanddewi

1 894map Abergwngu 1 8002hmap Blaencwmsymlog 1 8002/2map CM 1 8002/2map Dolrhuddlan

Boundary Report Plans Aberteifi {M8 072 } , Aberystwyth {M8 068} , Atbar {M8 070} , Llanbedr Pontsteffan {M8 07 1 } , Enclosure Map of Genau 'rglyn { Card. C. C. Dep. 3 + 4} Map of Trecregyn {M. Richardson MS 17 48 in NLW MSS Dept. } Map ofBlaentwrch Estate {ECE MS SD 86 in NLW MSS Dept. } Map ofBrithdir {ECE MS SD 1 6-B in NLW MSS Dept. } Plan ofLeat to East Darren Mine {RM B I 03 } {ECE MS SD 1 6-A in NLW MSS Dept. } Enclosure Map ofLlanddewi Brefi {Card. C. C. Dep. 7 + 1 9}

Plan of the Townships of Corwidd[,J Prisk and Carvan[,] Doithie Camddwr[,] Doithie Pysgottwr . .. Shewing the Unenclosed Grounds {ECE M S map S D 1 4-i in NLW MSS Dept. } Plan ofAbergwngu and Blaencwm {NLW MSS Dept. Crosswood Add (ser.2) MS 1 570} Plan ofBlaencwmsymlog {Gogerddan Box 537} Map of Ceulan-a-Maesmor Mountain { Gogerddan Box 537} Plan ofDolrhuddlan { Gogerddan n. 1 9/CMMS C/n.467}

l 800¥2map Hengwm l 8002/2map YH

Map ofEsgairhir, Blaenceulan, and Eaglebrook Mountain { Gogerddan Box 537} Plan ofHengwm {Llidiardau Coli. 5 + 4 } Plan ofMarshland near Ynys:fach and Henhafod

l 8002/2map Y sgubor-y-coed

Map of Grouse Ground in Ysgubor..;y-coed

l 8002/2map Cnwcdu 1 800¥2map Min.Dist.

{ Gogerddan Box 537} Map of Cnwcdu etc {Llidiardau Coli. n. 3 } The mining district of Cardiganshire {BRN 7228 9003 : PZ 73 73 }

l 8002/2map Esgairhir

{Gogerddan n. 89-B}

1 800%map RM A1 1 9 1 80Q4/4map RM A 1 5 6 191 9map Llanddewi Brefi 1 92 l map M Jones

Map of the Manor of Geneu 'rglyn Map ofMines and Wastes in Ceulan-a-Maesmor and Eleirch Sale ofPart ofDerry Ormond Estate in Llandde>.vi Brefi {PG 4463 } Rural Lore pertaining to the Parish ofLlanddeiniol M. Jones {D. Thomas MS B-82}

1 933map W. Rees

South Wales and the Border in the Fourteenth Century

cxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Map o 'PentrefLlangeitho Tri-ugain a Deg Mlynedd yn 01 ' K. Morris {WFM MS 1 965/5 }

c. 1 970map Llangeitho

Miscellaneous c. 1 970map I. Mathias

- Map o byllau afon Teifi o Gastell-newydd i 'r mor [in the possession of author, Idris Mathias, Ridgeway, Penbont, Aberteifi. This is the original map (about 1 4ft in length, 3ft in width) part of which was used - apparently without permission, and certainly without acknowledgement in 1 974 J. G. Jenkins (six maps on pp. 1 40-4 1 , 1 44-45, 1 48-49). It consists of a plethora of traditional pool- and current-names collected from local fishermen since 1 945, and is a very impressive body of microtoponyms which would otherwise have been lost]

MANUSCRIP TSAND D OCUM EN TS

National Library of Wales [NLW] Parish registers [baptisms and burials tend to be the most fruitful sources from the toponymist' s point of view. Those marked with an asterisk [*] were investigated by 1 948 G. M. Griffiths] Aberporth ( 1 662-1 837), Aberteifi (St-Mary) ( 1 6531 837), Aberystwyth (St-Michael) ( 1 788-1 837), Bangor ( 1 8 1 3-37), Betwsbledrwys ( 1 81 3-37), Betwsifan ( 1 788-1 837), *Betwslleucu ( 1 8 1 3-37), Blaenpennal ( 1 8 1 3-37), Blaenporth ( 1 71 6-1 8 1 2), Brongwyn ( 1 788-1 837), * Capelcynon ( 1 822-3 7), Caron ( 1 653-1 8 1 3), * Cellan ( 1 674-1796), Cilcennin ( 1 734-1 837), * Ciliau Aeron ( 1 806-37), Dihewyd ( 1 807-37), Eglwys-fach ( 1 754-1 837), Eglwys­ newydd ( 1 773-1 837), Ferwig ( 1 769-1 837), *Gartheli ( 1 8 1 3-3 7), Gwnnwys ( 1 805-37), *Henfynyw ( 1 7721 837), Henllan ( 1 778-1 836), Llanafan ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llanbadarn-fawr ( 1 678-1 837), Llanbadam Odyn ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llanbadarn Trefeglwys ( 1 724-1 837), *Llanbedr Pontsteffan ( 1 695-1 837) [in WGaz. 1 7/9/1 903-22/7/1 905 transcribed by G. E. Evans] , Llanddeinoel ( 1 776-1 83 7), Llanddewi Aberarth ( 1 737-1 837), Llanddewi Brefi ( 1 775-1 837), Llandydoch ( 1 699-1 837), Llandyfriog ( 1 724-1 837), Llandygwy ( 1 745-1 837), Llandysul ( 1 755-1 837), *Llandysulio Gogo ( 1 727-1 837), *Llanfair Clywedogau ( 1 676-1 837), Llanfair Orllwyn ( 1 8 1 337), Llan:fihangel-y-creuddyn ( 1 79 1 -1 83 7), Llan:fihangel Genau'rglyn ( 1 736-1 837), Llangeitho ( 1 76 1 -1 837), Llangoedmor ( 1 764-1 837), *Llangrannog ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llangwrddon ( 1 729-1 837), *Llangybi ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llangynfelyn ( 1 754-1 837), CXVl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography (1 756-1 837), Llanilar ( 1 685-1 837), ( 1 688-1 837), *Llanllwchaearn ( 1 720-1 837), *Llannarth ( 1 688-1 837), *Llannerchaeron ( 1 7541 837), Llamhystud ( 1 73 8-1 837), Llansantfred ( 1 7961 837), Llanwenog ( 1 8 1 3-37), Llanwnnen ( 1 7651 837), Llanychaeam ( 1 754-1 837), Llechryd ( 1 80537), Lledrod ( 1 766-1 837), Mwnt ( 1 8 1 3-37), Nantgwnllau ( 1 8 1 3-37), Penbryn ( 1 726-1 837), Rhosdiau ( 1 8 1 5-37), * Sulian ( 1 8 1 3-37), Treftlan ( 1 705-1 837), Tremain ( 1 763-1 836), Troedrour ( 1 655-1 837), Ysbyty�Cyn:fyn ( 1 762-1 837), Ysbyty Ystwyth ( 1 78 1 -1 837), *Ystrad ( 1 8 1 3-37), Ystradfflur ( 1 750-1 8 1 3), Ystradmeurig ( 1 798-1 836) Llangynllo *Llanina

Unscheduled manuscript collections Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England (now Welsh Church Commissioners) MSS

[ECE MSS]

Gogerddan MS S Llidiardau MSS Rhys Davys Williams MS S

[RDWMSS]

Scheduled manuscript collections

( 1 7 1 6-1 863) ( 1 6 1 7-1 869)

Schedule-book of Abertrinant MSS Schedule-book of Alltlwyd MSS

Schedule-book of Bedfordshire C. C. MS S

[BRA MSS] : ( 1 933), ( 1 934-36), ( 1 940) , ( 1 955) , ( 1 956) , ( 1 958) , ( 1 963) , ( 1 966) , ( 1 968) , ( 1 975) Schedule-book ofBron-y-graig (Harlech) MS S (dep. 1 934) Schedule-book of the British Records Associations MSS

Schedule-book of Bronwydd MS S Schedule�book ofBryneithin MS S (dep.

1 962)

Schedule-book of Castlehill MS S Schedule-book of Cilgwyn MSS I

( 1 934) ( 1 965)

Schedule-book of Cilgwyn MSS II Schedule-book of Coleman MSS

Schedule-book o f Crosswood MSS Schedule-book of Cross wood Additional MSS

[Crosswood Add MSS]

Schedule-book of Croydon MSS Schedule-book of Cwmcynfelyn MS S

( 1 996 edn)

Schedule-book of Cwrt-mawr MSS Schedule-book of Cymerau MSS Schedule-book ofD. D. Evans MSS

( 1 934) [DDE MSS]

Schedule-book of Derry Ormond MSS Schedule-book ofD. Francis Lloyd MSS (dep.

1 93 8) [DFL MSS] [CSRLS]

Schedule-book of D . Thomas (Aberystwyth) MSS Schedule-book of D. T.

M

Jones MSS

Schedule-book of Druid Inn MS S (ed.

1 976) 1 962) Schedule-book of Edwinsford MS S vol.2 pp. 706-08

Schedule-book ofE. A Lewis MS S (ed.

Schedule-book of Esgair & Pantperthog MS S Schedule-book of Falcondale MSS Schedule-book o f F. C . Carter MSS Schedule-book of F. C. Winchester (Hove) MSS Schedule-book of Ffosrhydgaled MS S CXVll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography S chedule-books of F. Green MSS vols.24-25 Schedule-book of Foley MSS (ed. 1 964) Schedule-book of G. E. Evans MSS ( 1 97 1 ) Schedule-book of Glanpaith MSS Schedule-book of Glansevin MSS pp.23 6-63 Schedule-book of Glansevern MSS vol. 5 Schedule-book of Gogerddan (Lead) MSS Schedule-book of Grismond Phillips (Cilbronnau) MSS Schedule-book of Gwynfryn MSS Schedule-book of H. Harold Hughes MSS [H. H. Hughes MSS] Schedule-book of Haverfordwest (Eaton, Evans and Williams) MSS [Hav.EEW MSS] Schedule-book ofHaverfordwest (Williams and Williams) MSS [Hav. WW MSS] Schedule-book of Hendre-felen MSS Schedule-book of Sir John Williams MSS ( ed. 1 980) Schedule-book of Kyle MSS [some names translated by editors into English from original Latin] Schedule-book ofLancych MSS Schedule-book of LlanllYt" MSS Schedule-book ofLlidiardau MSS Schedule-book of Llwyn MSS Schedule-book of Llwyndyrys MSS Schedule-book of Llysnewydd MSS Schedule-book of Lucas MSS Schedule-book of Maes-newydd MSS (including a series A) Schedule-book of Manordei:fi MSS Schedule-books ofM. Richardson MSS Schedule-book of Mynachdy MSS Schedule-book of Nannau MSS Schedule-book of Nanteos MSS Schedule-book ofNanteos L MSS Schedule-book of National Eisteddfod MSS [Nat.Eist. MSS] Schedule-book of Neuadd-fawr (Cil-y-cwm) MS S Schedule-book ofNeuaddlwyd and Aberaeron MSS [NA MSS] Schedule-book of NLW Deeds MS S Schedule-book ofNLW misc. MSS vols . 1 -5 Schedule-book of Nouadd MSS Schedule-book ofPengelli MSS (ed. 1 953) Schedule-book of Peniarth MSS Schedule-book of Penpont I MSS Schedule-book ofPenpont II MS S Schedule-book ofPenty-park MSS Schedule-book of Peterwell MSS (ed. 1 987) Schedule-book of Picton Castle MSS Schedule-book ofPlas Llangoedmor MS S Schedule-books of Powys Castle MS S Schedule-books of Powys Castle MS S Corr. Schedule-book of Poyston MSS Schedule-book of Price of Norton MSS Schedule-book ofRees Jenkin Jones MS S (dep. 1 926) Schedule-book ofR. Evans MS S Schedule-book ofR. J. Jones MS S Schedule-books of St-David MSS Schedule-book of Trefaes MSS Schedule-book of Tyglyn MS S Schedule-book of Ty-llwyd MSS Schedule-book of Williams Hove MSS CXV111

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Schedule-book ofW. J. Hemp MSS NLW Manuscripts (reached MS 1 6048) NLW MS 6 1 2-B NLW MS 6 1 6-1 7-D NLW MS 763-D

NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS

793-B 926-C 1 404-E 1 437-E 2473-C

NLW MS 2474-B NLW MS 2475-A NLW MS 249 1 -B

NLW MS 2492-C

NLW MS 28 1 2-D NLW MS 281 3-C NLW MS 281 5-B

NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS

29 1 2 2928-A 2999-D 3500-B

NLW MS 3 607 NLW MS 6689-E NLW MS 1 1 8 1 1 -E NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS NLW MS

1 35 1 9-B 1 3 529-A 1 3552-B 1 3 656-B 1 55 1 5 -C 1 5858-B 22680-E

- 'Estate-book of Thomas Davies, Bwlch Dyhewid 1 805-21 ' - 'Records of the Aberaeron Club' ( 1 785-1 849) - 'Records and genealogical notes relating to Cardiganshire, Radnorshire, and Merionethshire' vo1. 1 ( 1 903-1 5, T. A Glenn) [transcripts], cf. NLW MS 753 1 - ' Estreats of the sheriff's court for Cardiganshire 1 73 1-32' - 'Lleoedd yng Ngheredigion' ( 1 84 1 ) [virtually worthless] - ' The Cartulary of St. Davids' [transcript of Harl. MS 6280] - 'Harbours of Wales' ( 1 56 1 /62) - ' Welsh dialects' [includes John Rhys' s dialect map] c. 1 900 E. Anwyl (ed.) - 'Welsh dialects' c. 1 900 [includes T. C. Evans (Glams.); A W. Wade-Evans (Fishguard, Pembs.)] - ' Tafodiaith Sir Benfro' (c. 1 900) - ' The legend of Pontarfynach . . . folklore collected chiefly in the counties of Cardigan, Pembroke and Glamorgan' c. l 900 J. Griffith {in Anwyl MSS } - 'Material for a preliminary report o f the dialect section o f the Guild of Graduates of the University of Wales. ' [includes returns] c. l 897 E. Anwyl (ed.) - (i) 1 9 1 0 'Pennod yn hanes Aberystwyth: court leet' (ii) c. 1 9 1 0 ' Old Aberystwyth' - (i) c. 1 900 (ii) 1 899 - (i) 1 89 1 'Hen ysgolion ac ysgolfeistri Aberystwyth' vols. l-2 (ii) 1 892 ' Old churches' (iii) 1 894 'Aberystwyth records: court leet' (iv) c. 1 900 - ' Cardiganshire Plea-Rolls' [transcript, forms could be suspect] - ' St. Dogmells Poor-rate' ( 1 853) - ' Court book of the manor of Llanddewi Brefi' 1 834 vols. 1 -2 - 'Llyfr cyfrifon Capel Undodaidd Caeronnen, Sir Aberteifi' ( 1 84069) - 'Manors and manorial rights; D. Ll. Thomas correspondence' 1 896 - 'Map and particulars of Berthddu manor' (c. 1 850) [no map! ] - 'Miscellanea' [including ' Survey of the farm of lordships in Cardiganshire' ( 1 6001!4)] - 'Lampeter Court Leet MSS AD 1 6 1 0- 1 7 1 5 ' [transcript] - 'Episcopal visitation of 1 688' [transcript] - additions to 1 905 G. E. Evans - ' St. Dogmael's and its abbey' ( 1 904) - 'Hen fyrddynod plwyfYsbyty Ystwyth' (c. 1 950) - 'Hanes afon Geri' ( 1 894) - ' Talsam and Silian' (1 89 1 -1 923) [MR Talsarn-a-Sulian]

NLW facsimiles NLW facs. 84

- 'Facsimiles of records relating to Cardiganshire, and Carmarthenshire (Edward I and Henry V)' [E. A. Lewis PROfacs. ]

CXIX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography NLW ex. MS S NLW MS ex. 6 1 6 NLW MS ex. 796 NLW MS ex. 936 NLW MS ex. 937 NLW MS ex. 986a NLW MS ex. 986b NLW MS ex. 1 01 1 NLW MS ex. 1 0 1 5 NLW MS ex. 1 070 NLW MS ex. 1 240 NLW MS ex. 1 245

- ' Tax Subsidy returns ' ( 1 605) (PRO E 1 79/2 1 9/85 ) - 'Nodiadau am leoedd y n Elenydd' 1 985 C. Fychan - 'Materials for The History ofCellan' ( 1 987) (see NLW Min.Dep. 1 493-B) - ' 1 861 census returns for Trewern Quarter, Nhyfer' (copy) - 'Plas Penglais as described in the Court Case of 1 73 3 ' (A 1 988/26) ( 1 98 8 C. S. Potter) - 'Plas Penglais as described in the Court Case of 1 73 3 ' (A 1 990/63) ( 1 98 8 C. S. Potter) - ' Typescript notes on Aberystwyth area' T. I. Ellis - 'Papers of David Caronian Jones' ( 1 943-5 1 ) - ' Account-book oflorwerth Davies Edwards, Yr EfaiL Llanilar ( 1 934-3 8)' - 'Eisteddfod Mydroilyn' ( 1 92 1 ) [Eist.M ] - ' Miscellaneous Notes on the History of Nantemis' ( 1 867-83)

NLW Minor Deposits [NL W Md. MSS] NLW Min.Dep. 1 0 1 3-B NLW Min.Dep. 1 256-57-B NLW MinDep . 1 493-B 1 982 NLW Min.Dep.

- ' Court-book of the Manor of Llyswen' [MR Llyswen] - 'Dau lyfr cyfrifon Thomas Jones, gof, Caerwedros ( 1 844-45)' - ' The History of Cellan' Y. Carr ( 1 987) (see NLW MS ex.936) - 'n. c. about Aberaeron' {in 1 982 NLW Min.Dep. p.27; J. M. Howell, Aberaeron MSS 8-9 ( 1 873-1 93 1 )

Aberystwyth Town Library [A TL] anonymous pamphlets Pam. 1

- Holy Trinity Church - Eglwys y Drindod, Aberaeron 1872-1972 ( 1 972)

Pam2 Pam. 3 Pam.4 Pam. 5 Pam. 6 Pam 7

- Borth Review ( 1 95 0) - Llawllyfr yr arddangosfa genhadol a gynhelir yn Ysgol y Sir, Aberayron ( 1 925) - Aberaeron County School: the jubilee celebration 1896--1946 ( 1 946) - 1 962 SWIA Journal vol. 5 n. 4 [South Wales Institute of Architects] - Aberayron: official guide ( c. 1 960)

Pam. 8 Pam.9 Pam. 1 0 Pam. 1 1 Pam. 1 2

- Tenth Plenary Congress of the International Federation ofLeague ofNations Societies . . . Aberystwyth ( 1 926) - Lampeter: official guide ( c. 1 970) - Lampeter: the borough guides ( 1 909) - Lampeter borough: the official guide ( c. 1 950) - Our address is Trawscoed ( 1 960s) W. F. de Sales - Welcome to New Quay Wales (c. 1 980)

1 900% Plas Cilcennin

- Glimpses into the past - the story ofPlas Cilcennin {ATL P 1 7. 728-83 }

1 949> W. Lloyd-Thomas

- Mabws, Llanrhystud: some historical and other notes [incomplete] {RP 60 728 83 Llo}

cxx

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Carmarthenshire Record Office Schedule-book of Aberglasney MSS Schedule-book ofBeckingsale MSS Schedule-book of Cawdor (Lort) MSS Schedule-book of Coedmor MSS [forms of names suspect, especially manorial and parochial forms] Schedule-book of Colby MSS {in John Francis MSS vol. 3 } Schedule-book of Cynghordy MSS Schedule-book of Davies-Evans MSS Schedule-book of F:fynnone MSS {in John Francis MSS vol. 1 } Schedule-book of Glanrhydw and Ty-mawr MSS [ GIM MSS] { in John Francis MSS vol. 1 } Schedule-books of John Francis MSS vols. 1 -2 Schedule-book of Llanllawddog MSS { in John Francis MS S vol. 1 } parish histories c. 1 93 6 G. E. Evans c. 1 950 E. S. James

- ' The History of the Parishes of Pencarreg and Llanycrwys' { CRO/Mus. 3 82} - ' The Newcastle in Emlyn' {DX/86/3 5 }

Ceredigion Archives 1 833burg. list 1 836burg. list 1 83 8burg. list

- 'List of burgesses o f Cardigan' - 'List of burgesses in the borough of Cardigan in the parish of St. Mary in Cardigan' - 'List of burgesses in the borough of Cardigan in the hamlets of Bridge End and Abbey within the parish of St. Dogmaels'

Glamorgan Record Office [GRO] Schedule-book of Shall MSS c. 1 580-1 620

- 'Magnae Baroniae Waliae cum eorum Membris et Maneriis sibi Subditis' [MB W] [an uncompleted roll] {CL Deeds II B 1 47}

Cardiff Central Library [CCL] Schedule-book of Cardiganshire deeds [CD] Schedule-book ofPembrokeshire deeds [PD] H. Lewis ( c. 1 94 7) H. Lewis ( c. 1 950)

- 'History of Cellan' {MS 2 1 3 56} - 'Manuscript histories ofLlanddewi Brefi, Betws Bledrws and Cellan' {MS 2 1 332}

UCNW Bangor Schedule-book of Mostyn MSS

Clwyd Record Office Schedule-book of Wynnstay MSS vol. 3

CXXl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Rhos Llannerchrugog Public Library V. Woolford (c. l 980)

- 'Iaith y Rhos' {Rhos Llannerchrugog Public Library 082480}

Museum of Welsh Life. St Fagans (formerly Welsh Folk Museum) [WFM] WFM MS 379 WFM MS 380 WFM MS 388 WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS

889 892 893 894 939

WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS WFM MS

1 1 04 1 1 17 1 506/1 1 506/2 1 506/4 1 506/5 1 506/7

WFM MS 1 520/1 WFM MS 1 520/2 WFM MS 1650/ 1 1 WFM MS 1 650/12 WFM MS 1 650/14 WFM MS 1 650/1 5 WFM MS 1 65 0/ 1 6 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 WFM MS 1 654/5 WFM MS 1654/1 2-1 3 WFM MS 1 696/22 WFM MS 1 708/1-1 8 WFM MS 1 746 WFM MS 1 793/63-81 WFM MS 1 793/1 52 WFM MS 1 925/1 WFM MS 1 965/5 WFM MS 1 965/1-3 1 WFM MS 1 969 WFM MS 201 2/1 WFM MS 2039/1 WFM MS 2039/2 WFM MS 21 1 1 /7 WFM MS 21 1 1/9 WFM MS 21 1 1 / 1 5 WFM M S 239511 WFM MS 2670/2 WFM MS 2670/4

' Geiriau Tafodieithol Tregroes, Llandysul' 1 952 D. J. Davies ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Cylch Aberteifi' ( 1 933) 'Enwau Personol a Chyfenwau a Chyfnewidiadau mewn Pentre Gwledig: Cwrt-newydd, Llanwenog a'r cylch' 1 958 D. R Davies ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Tal-y-bont' ( 1 959) [no particular area] 'Geiriau Tafodieithol Staylittle a Llawr-y-glyn, Llanidloes' ( 1 959) ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Goginan' ( 1 953) 'Geiriau Tafodieithol Felin-fach' ( 1 959) ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Dyffryn Cerdin: Maesmeillion' ( 1 959) D. J. Davies ' Geiriau Tafodieithol Llandysul' ( 1 962) D. J. Davies 'Addendum to W. M Morris Demetian Dialect' ( 1 9001!4) 'Atgofion am Pant y Defaid' ( 1 958) ' Gwahoddiad i Ardal a Phentre Prengwyn' ( 1 958) ' Atgofion am Fywyd Ardal Ystumtuen a'r Cylch' ( 1958) ' Trem yn 61 ar Llanbadarn Fawr ac Hen Atgofion' 'Casgliad o Eiriau Sathredig Llafar Gwlad Canolbarth Sir Aberteifi: Sef y Geiriau a Arferir ym Mhlwyfi Llanflhangel Y strad, Llanbedr, Llanwnnen a Dihewyd' ( 1 930) (Cribyn) 'Rhydlewis ' c. l 900 J. D. Jones 'Hanes Dyffryn Ceri' 1 968 S. Gw. Davies 'Hanes Plwyf Troedyraur' ( 1 93 8) 'Ardal Cwm Ceri' (1 953) ' Geiriau Rhydlewis' ( 1 9001!4) 'Casgliad o Sathr-eiriau Gwerin Ardal Rhydlewis' ( 1 922) 'Casgliad o Gaeau, Ta� ac Monydd yn Ardal Rhydlewis' 'Hanes Tai Dadfeiliedig Ardal Rhydlewis' (c. l 925) 'Y Cynhaeaf Gwair yng Nghwm Black Lion' M Evans 'Atgofion Ieuenctid yng Ngheinewydd' M. Evans ' Taith y Cardi o Llandyssul i Lundain' ( 1 9th cent.) 'Melin Bompren MSS ( 1 853-97)' 'Account-book ( c. l 844), found at Alltygoed Cottage, Poppit' ' Cwm Towi' E. Jones (>1 928) 'Y 'Pound' neu 'Ffald Diarddelon' E.Jones (>1 928) ' Geirfa Llafar Gwlad Sir Aberteifi' (c. l 960-65) W.Jones, Aberteifi see c. 1970map Llangeitho 'Hanes Plwyf Gwyn:fil' K. Morris (c. l 970) ' Trem ar Fro' M. Jones, Pennant (1 973) 'Rhai o Werin-eiriau Plwyf Trelech a'r Betws' E. Scourfield ( 1 964) ' Abstract of Title Synod Mill' ( 1 825-82) ' Catalogue of Sale of Alltyrodyn and Blaendyffryn' ( 1 825-82) 'Enwau Hen Fythynod' K Davies, Prengwyn (c. l 970) 'Enwau Caeau' K. Davies, Prengwyn ( c. l 970) 'Hen Eiriau Cefn Gwlad Canolbarth Aberteifi' K Davies, Prengwyn (c. l 970) ' Account-book ofMelin Bompren (c. l 890-1 926)' 'Yr Hen Ysgol National Tregaron' (c. l 980) 'Hen Dregaron' (c. l 980) CXXll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography WFM MS 2670/8

'Hen Dafarndai Tregaron' ( c. 1 980)

WFM MS 2684

' Catalogue of Sale of Glandyfi Estate' ( 1 906)

WFM MS 3 229

' Casglaid o Eirfa Glyn Ogwr a Thir Iarll ym Morgannwg' P. W. Thomas ( 1 973)

University theses 1 97 1

Bevan, J. T.

'Astudiaeth Seinyddol o Gymraeg Llafar Coety Walia a Rhuthun ym Mro Morgannwg ' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardift)

1981

Brake, P. J.

'Astudiaeth o S einyddiaeth a Morffoleg Tafodiaith Cwm Ann a'r Cylch' MA Univ. of Wales (Lampeter)

Crowe, Richard M.

1 98 8

'Diddordebau Ieithyddol Iolo Morgannwg' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

1 980

Dafydd, Iolo

'Enwau Lleoedd Cwmwd Deuddwr' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

1 95 5

Davies, E. J.

' Astudiaeth Gymharol o Dafodieithoedd Llandygwydd a Dihewyd' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Davies, J. J. Glanmor

1 934a

' Astudiaeth o Gymraeg Llafar Ardal Ceinewydd: ei Seineg gydag Ymchwiliadau Gwyddonol, ei Seinyddiaeth a' i Ffurfiant gyda Geirfa Lawn, a Chyfeiriad at ei Semanteg' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Davies, L.

1 969

Ellis, Dewi Machreth

1 93 5

'Astudiaeth Seinyddol gan Gynnwys Geirfa o Dafodiaith Merthyr Tudful a'r Cylch' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardift)

' Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd S ir Drefaldwyn' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Favereau, Francis

1 984

Fychan, Gw. Angharad

2001

'Langue quotidienne, langue technique, et langue litteraire dans le

parler et la tradition orale de Poullaouen' These de Doctorat d' Etat es-lettres, Universite de Haute-Bretagne (Rennes 2) ' Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd Gogledd Cantref Buellt' , PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

[OCVoc. ]

Graves, E. van T.

1 962

' The Old Cornish Vocabulary' PhD Columbia Univ.

Grey, C .

1 97 8

'English Loan-words in Welsh: some Aspects' BNdissertation

G.

Univ. of Wales (Dept. of Linguistics, Bangor) Griffiths, D. Griffiths,

,V.

G. Milwyn

1 975

'Astudiaeth Eirfaol o Gymraeg Llafar Llanfair Caereinion', MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

1 948

' Enwau Lleoedd yng Nghymydau Caerwedros a Mabwynion' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth)

Grooms, J. Chris

1 98 8

Harries, B. D .

1 95 6

[GMG]

' Giants in Welsh Folklore and Tradition' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) {see 1 993 J. C. Grooms} ' Enwau Lleoedd Hen Arglwyddiaeth Tal y Fan' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardiff:)

Hooson-Owen, Ll.

1 954

' The History of the Welsh Language in Radnorshire since 1 53 6 ' MA Univ. of Liverpool

Jones, Glyn E .

1 983

' Astudiaeth o Ffonoleg a Gramadeg Tair Tafodiaith ym Mrycheiniog' PhD Univ. of V/ales (Cardift)

Jones, Gwenllian Morris

1 926

'Anglesey Place-names' MA Univ. of Wales (Bangor)

Jones, Meirion Wyn

1 995

'Astudiaeth Seinyddol a Morffolegol o Gymraeg Llafar y Mwldan

Jones, Robert Owen

1 967

' A Structural Phonological Analysis and Comparison of Three

Koch, John Thomas

1 985

(Tre Aberteifi)' M.Phil. Univ. of Wales (Lampeter) Welsh Dialects' MA Univ. of Wales (Bangor) 'Linguistic Preliminaries to the Dating and Analysis of Archaic Welsh Verse' PhD Harvard Univ. Le Moing, Jean-Yves

1 988

' Toponymie bretonne de Haute-Bretagne' vols. l -2, These de

Doctorat d' Etat es-lettres, Universite de Haute-Bretagne (Rennes 2) CXXlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography 'Tafodiaith hen BlwyfLlangatwg (Castellnedd)' MA Univ. of Wales (Swansea) 1 960 Lewis, D. Gerwyn ' Astudiaeth o Iaith Lafar Gogledd-orllewin Ceredigion' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) Lewis, Meinir 1 96 1 'Disgrifiad o OrgraffHen Gymraeg gan ei Chymharu ag Orgraff Hen Wyddeleg' MA Univ. ofWales (Aberystwyth) Madeg, Mikael 1 995 'Diazeza reolennou renabli anoiou keriadennou hag o distagadur: skwer Bro-Leon' vols. 1 -3 , These de Doctorat a regime unique, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest (printed as 1 996 M. Madeg) 1 965 ' Astudiaeth Seinyddol gan Gynnwys Geirfa, o Gymraeg Llafar Middleton, Mary Ardal Tafarnau Bach, S ir Fynwy' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardiff) (alias M Wiliam) Morris-Jones, Gw. see Gw. M. Jones 1 977 Owen, Hywel Wyn ' The Place-names of the Lordship ofHawarden' MA Univ. of Wales (Bangor) 1 983 Owen, Hywel Wyn 'The Place-names of the Lordships ofEwloe and Hope together with a Dictionary of Elements' PhD Univ. of Wales (Bangor) Peate, Iorwerth Cyfeiliog 1 924 'The Dyfi Basin' MA Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) Phillips, Dylan 1 997 'Hanes Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, 1 962-1 992' PhD Univ. of Wales (Aberystwyth) 1 933 'The Spoken Dialect of the Ogwr Basin' MA Univ. ofWales Phillips, T. I. ( Aberystwyth) 1 955 'Astudiaeth o Gymraeg Llafar Dyffryn Ehii a'r Cyffiniau' MA Univ. Phillips, Vincent H. of Wales (Cardiff) 1 953 'Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd CantrefDinas Powys' MA Univ. of Pierce, Gwynedd 0. Wales (Cardiff) Rees, E. Chris 1 958 ' Tafodiaith rhan isafDyffryn Llwchwr' MA Univ. of Wales (Swansea) 1 936 Rees, R 0. 'Gramadeg Tafodiaith Dyffryn Arnan' MA Univ. of Wales ( Aberystwyth) 1 969 Ruddock, Gilbert E. 'Astudiaeth Seinegol o Dafodiaith Hirwaun ynghyd a Geirfa' MA Univ. ofWales (Cardiff) 1 97 1 Samuel, 0. M ' Astudiaeth o Dafodiaith Gymraeg Y Rhigos' MA Univ. of Wales (Cardiff) Stern, J. 'The English and Welsh Dialects ofPumpsaint, Carmarthenshire' 1 973 MA Leeds Univ. [worthless as far as Welsh is concerned] 1 987 Thomas, A. D. 'Dadansoddiad Cymdeithasol ac Y stadegol o Ddigwyddiad /�/ yn Nhafodiaith Plwyf Tyddewi' MA Univ. of Wales (Lampeter) 1 958 ' Astudiaeth Seinegol o Gymraeg Llafar Dyffryn Wysg' MA Univ. of Thomas, Alan R Wales (Aberystwyth) 1 933a 'Astudiaeth o Enwau Lleoedd Cwmwd Meisgyn gyda Sylw' Thomas, R J. Arbennig i BlwyfLlantrisant' MA Univ. ofWales (Cardiff) 1 97 1 Thome, David ' Astudiaeth Seinyddol a Morffolegol o Dafodiaith Llangennech' MA Univ. ofWales (Cardiff) 1 976 'Astudiaeth Gymharol o Ffonoleg a Gramadeg Iaith Lafar y Maenorau oddi mewn i Gwmwd Carnwyllion yn Sir Gaerfyrddin' PhD Univ. of Wales (Cardiff) Watkins, E. M. ' Astudiaeth Seinyddol a Morffolegol o Dafodiaith Cil-y-cwm P, Cil­ 1 989 y-cwm Q, Rhandir-mwyn, Llanfair-ar-y-bryn yn Nosbarth Dinefwr, Dyfed' M.Phil Univ. ofWales (Lampeter) Watkins, T. Arwyn 1951 ' Tafodiaith PlwyfLlansamlet' MA Univ. of Wales (Swansea) ' The Study of the Place-names ofMerioneth' MA Univ. of Wales 1 93 1 Williams, T . H. ( Aberystwyth) Lewis, Cyril B. H.

1 932

CXXlV

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography

Miscellaneous documents 1 93 0Ar

Larkshill MSS W.P.Ll. Jones ( 1 987)

Ystrad SF

- 'Rhestr o Dai Gwag yn 1 93 0 yn Ardal Llanddewi' {in possession of 0. Lake, Beili Richard, Llanddewi Brefi} - {in the possession of T. E. Thomas, Cnwcruchedydd, Llannarth, see 1 948 G. M. Griffiths from whence I obtained the forms} - 'Mynyddoedd a Bryniau Llanddewi Brefi' {in possession of author at Ystrad, Llanddewi Brefi} [places located wildly erroneously on accompanying map] - 'Ystrad Society ofFriends' ( 1 80()2/z) {in possession of M Hughes, Cymerau, Felin-fach}

REPOR TED INFORMA TION

The distinction I make between informants and ' personal communicants' is that the former are 'naiVe' transmitters of traditional local knowledge whereas the latter can be suspected transmitting written knowledge. Such a distinction is not wholly watertight since some informants have read parish histories and some ' communicants' also have access to local oral traditions. Nevertheless, it is a distinction that is worth keeping in mind when deciding upon the value of differing pronunciations or when differing interpretations are given to a name.

Informants A

Davies D. Davies D. Davies D. Daviest D. Davies D. Davies D. Davies(ii) D. & R Davies E. Davies E. Davies Gl. Daviest Gr. Daviest Gw. Davies H. T. Davies I. Davies I. Davies J. Daviesi· J. Davies J. D. Davies L. Davies M Davies M. Daviest M Davies M. Davies M. Davies M. A Davies M H. Davies N. Davies T. J. Davies

: Aneurin, Tynflynnon, Llanbedr : Da� Nant-y-glo, Rhandirmwyn (formerly Abergwesyn) : Dan, Bryntirion, Llwyndafydd : David, Poutun, Llangamarch, Brees. : David, Vader, Station Terr, Llanbedr (formerly Castell) : Donald, Heol Aberystwyth, Friends Cottage, Aberteifi : Dyddanwy, Dwylan, Llandydoch : Dan & Ray, Cae-Da-Bywain, Alltblaca : Nellie Davies, Rhydfuddai-ucha, Llannarth : Evan Davies, Marchnant, Cwmclaerwen, (Brees. ) : Glyn Davies, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Cwmduwlas) : Griffith Davies, Cilfachrheda : Gwen, Dolcletwr, Treddol : Hugh Torn, Tregaron (formerly Greigddu-ucha, Cwmtwrch) : lor� GorweL Ysbyty Ystwyth : Iwan, Rhyd-y-gaer, Blaenporth : Jac, Fron Villa, Llanddewi (formerly Aberdeuddwr) : Jac, Llwyndu, Llanfihangel-y-creuddyn (formerly Sarnau) : Jean Dalis, Ffynnondalis, Dihewyd : Penrallt, Mynachlogddu : Margaret, 4 Pwllswyddog (formerly Pont-ar-Gamddwr) : Mary, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Pantresgair) : Mair, Frondeg (Pensteps), Alltblaca : Mair, Pencnwc, Blaenannerch : Margaret, Yr Hendrefwyn, Biwla (formerly Pantdaniel) : Mary Ann, Hafodwnnog-ucha, Nebo : miss, Dolawel, Rhydlywys (formerly Ffostrasol) : Nancy Davies, Rhosderi, Templ-bar : Caerdydd (formerly Sarnau, Llanfthangel-y-creuddyn) cxxv

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography E. & E. Edwardst

: Elen & Edward, Lisburne Rd, Pont Rhydfendigaid (her - formerly

E. & S. Edwards

: Emily & Sophie, Glangors, Clarach (formerly Cros)

G. Edwards

: George, Rhayader (formerly Llannerchcawr & Frongoch)

Garreglwyd;

him - formerly Cornwal)

L. Edwards

: Lloyd, Lanlwyd, Pennant

M

: Mair, College Arms, Ystradmeurig

Edwards

W. Edwards

: William, Pennal View (formerly Llanio)

D. Evans

: Derwyn, Glanderwen, Capel Seion

D. T. Evans

: Daniel, Maesfelin, Llangybi (formerly Cwmcoch)

E. Evanst

: Eiddwen, Gorwel Hall, Bronant

E. Evanst

: Enoc Evans, Parc-y-rhos , Gorsgoch

F. Evans

: Frances, Tyndomen, Tregaron

I. T. Evans

: Ifan Thomas, Awelfor, S arnau (formerly Tanglwyst)

J. Evans

: Jimmy, Tanrallt, Llanilar

J. Evans

: Jean, Nantegryd (formerly Mydroulun)

L. Evans

: Lewis Evans, Maes-y-coed, Llannon (formerly Dugoed)

M. Evans

: Margaret, Pontsian

M. Evans

: Margaret, Ty-gwyn, Mwnt

Green

0.

E. Gri:ffithst

: Olwen, Llanwnnen (formerly Pantsiry) : Emlyn, Penlanolau, Penllwyn

E. Griffiths

: Beti, CwmersiaL Cilcennin

G. Gri:ffithst

: Gertie, Mynachlogddu

I. Griffithst I.

A

Griffiths

: leu, Ty'rysgoL Eglwys-fach : Ifan Alun, Perthi-aur, Ffostrasol

Ll. Griffithst

: Llew, Glennydd, Felin-fach (fformerly Llwynreos, Talsarn)

M. Griffiths

: Moe (formerly Nantu, Llangurig)

S. Griffiths t

: Stanley, Golygfa, Croes-y-llan (formerly Pont Rhydarberth)

T. & Bl. Griffiths

: Tomos & Blodwen, Ysgubor-fach, Cwmystwyth

W. J. Gruffydd

: Bro-daweL Tregaron (formerly Ffair-rhos)

M

: Esgairsaeson, Blaenpennal

Harries

N. Herbertt

: Nancy, Penrhiwpinnau, Capeldewi

B. Hopkins

: Byron, Melindwr, Eglwys-fach (formerly Mynach)

J.

A

Hopkins

E. Howells

J.

B. Howells

D. Hughes D.

A

Hughes

D. J. Hughes

: Ty-capel, Blaenafon : Erwyd, Ty-capel, Capelmadog, Aberystwyth : John Byron, Dolcamau, Ponterwyd : Da� Park Terrace, Llandrindod (formerly Diffwys & Dalarwen) : Arwyn, Cartrefle, Blaenannerch (formerly Cilgerran) : David John, Alltddu, Pont Rhydfendigaid

1 4 Maes-yr-awel,

E. Hughes

: Elizabeth,

E. & E. Hughes

: Elinor & Edwyn, BrynaweL Cwmerfin (her - formerly Trawsnant; him

Tregaron, (formerly Brynambor)

E. M. Hughes

: Glynteg, Cymerau, Tempi-bar (formerly Crug-y-hwil, Llanwenog)

- formerly Llechwedd-hen) Rh. Hughest

: Cwmberwyn (formerly Diffwys)

M Hughes

: Mairwen, Rhosgarreglwyd, Aberhosan, Monts.

M. Hughes

: Maldwyn, Gorlan, New St, Llanbedr

W. Hughes

: Brynhirfaen, Cellan

E. Humphreys

: Edgar, Ty-clyd, Penlon, Talbont (formerly Bwlchstyllen)

A

: Bodlondeb, Penparcau (formerly Penbont Rhyd-y-beddau)

B. James

1

E. James

:

I. James

: Islwyn, Moylgrove, Pembs.

North Rd, Treddol

M. Jamest

: Gwynfli-ucha, Llangeitho

M. G. James

: Mair Garnon, Bell View, Cwm, Llandydoch

R James

: Ysgeifog, Carnhedryn, St Davids, Pembs.

A

: Alun, Derw-wen, Mynach

Jenkins

D. Jenkins

: David, Maesaleg, Penrhyncoch CXXVl

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography D. Jenkins Gw. Jenkins I. Jenkinst J. G. Jenkins L. Jenkinst Ll. Jenkins M. Jenkins M. D. Jenkins W. J. Jenkins A Jones A Jones A Jones A Jones A Jones B. L. Jones C. Jones C. Jones D. Jones D. Jones(i) D. Jones(ii) D. Jones D. T. Jones E. Jones E. Jones D. M. Jones D. W. Jonest Gr. Jones Gw. Jones Gwl. Jones I. Jones I. Jones I. Jones J. Jones J. Jones J. Jones J. Jones J. D. & M Jones J. M. Jones L. Jones Ll. Jones Ll. & E. Jones M Jones M. 0. Jones N. Jones N. Jonest N. Jones 0. Jones 0. Jones R Jones R Jones R Jonest S. Jones W. Jones

: Dafydd, Erw-lon, Llanfarian : Gwilym, Tanrallt, Talbont (formerly Tyngraig) : Ifan, Pant-y-boudy, Bwlch-llan : CilhauL Sarnau (formerly Penrnorfa) : Lynford, Sarnau : Llywelyn, Gwelfor, Gwbert (formerly Ffrwdwenith-isa) : Madge, (formerly Helyg-fawr) : mrs. , Pentre-felin, Talsarn (formerly Dihewyd) : William John, Penrhyngerwin, Ffyrnas : Nantllan, Penlan, Tyngraig : Anne, Angorfa, Llangrannog : Anni, 1 5 Skinner St, Aberystwyth (formerly Crynfryn Row) : Alban, Gwerncoli, Llanddewi Brefi : Alun, Cae-rhedyn, Glandyfi (formerly Dderwenlas, Monts.) : Benjamin, Gwastad, Abermourig : Catherine, Monarc, Heol-y-capel, Tregaron (formerly Llanio) : miss Caroline, Awelfa, Llannon : Gelli, Pentre, Tregaron (formerly Nantmaen) : Dafydd Jones, Brynhyfryd, Bwlchllan (formerly Carnau, Blaendoethiau) : Dai 'Post', Post, Abergwesyn (formerly Brongelent) : Douglas (formerly Falcondale Farm) : Dai Twrn, 62 Brynglas, Aberporth (formerly Parcllyn) : Lisi, Morwelir, Tangroes (formerly Pwntan-bach) : Ernrys, Henfaes, Cwrt-y-cadno (formerly Ty-llwyd) : Blaenbeidog, Trefentr, Aberystwyth : Walter Jones, New Inn, Nebo : Guto als. Gruffudd, Colej, Bwlchllan : Gwyn, Storws, Ysbyty Y stwyth : Gwladys Jones, Neuaddwen, Tregaron (formerly Bronhelrn) : Ieuan, 1 3 Park Avenue, Aberystwyth : Idris, Ty-dderwen, Llechryd : Ifan, Trefin, Cwrnann (formerly Pencefn Drosgl) : John, Nantllwyd, Llanddewi Brefi : John, 1 Water St. , Aberarth, (formerly Bryngwyn, Aberaeron) : Jac, Brongelli, Alltblaca : John, Penrhiwseir� Pisga : John & Marian, Pont Rhyd-y-bothau, Llwyndafydd : Jon Meirion, Bryndew� Pontgarreg : Cefuresgair, Tregaron : Lloyd, Mynachlog, Talgarreg : Lloyd & Elizabeth Jones, Euronfa, Cwrntydu : Mansell, Garreglwyd, Rhydlywys (formerly Hawen Hall) : StahL Ystradmeurig : Nancy, Fwng, Park Terrace, Llanidloes (formerly Dalarwen, Cynghordy) : Nat, Tir-bach, Bwlchllan : Nesta Jones, 25 Anwylfan, Aberporth : Olwen, Messina Park, Aberarth : Owi, Dolau, Llandyfr!og : Hendre, Blaenporth : Ray, Rhos-a-mor, Plwrnp (formerly Pil) : Die, Moelwyn, Lledrod : Sam, Glanrafon-isa, Blaencaron : WiL Ystradffm, Rhandirmwyn

CXXVll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography W. J. & R Jones

: William John & Richard, Nantseilo, Penrhyncoch (formerly

W. P. Ll. Jones

: Lloyd, Ystrad, Llanio, Llanddewi Brefi

C. M. Lewis

: Katie, Llain-fach (formerly Glanrafon & Rhosgoch)

Bwlchrhoser)

D. Lewis

: Dorothy, Dol-fawr, Llanbrynmair

E. M. Lewis

: Elinor Mary Lewis, Minffordd, Llanafan

Gl. Lewist

: Brynhwith, Ysbyty-Cynfyn

Gw. Lewis

: Erw-barfau, Ysbyty-Cynfyn, Ponterwyd

84 Rhoshendre,

Gw. Lewis

: Gwyneth,

H. Lewis

: RoweL Cwmerfin

Waun-fawr

H. & D. Lewis

: Huw & David, Llandysul

J. Lewist

: Jim, Troedrhiwruddwen, Rhandirmwyn (formerly Pencae,

J. Lewist

: John, Llysalaw, Sarnau (formerly Ffynnonfadog)

L. Lewis

: Lewis, Y Gorlan, Water St. , Abergynolwyn, Mers. (formerly Hendre-

E. Lloyd

: Neli,

A. Lloyd-Jones

: Alwyn, Maesteg, Cellan

E. Masont

: Ethel Mason, Glanfedw, Mynach

J. J. Mason

: John James, Bron-y-gan, Maes-yr-awel, Ponterwyd (Aberceiro gynt)

Cwmcamarch)

Wallog)

5

Pwllswyddog (formerly Llanio-isa)

1 8 Ridgeway,

I. Mathias

: Idris,

M Mathiast

: Peg, Cwmberwyn, Tresaith

Penbont, Aberteifi

D. Morgant

: Dai Morgans, Tyburn, Ysbyty Ystwyth

D. Morgans

: Dai Morgans, Glaneinon, Capeldewi (formerly Roc)

E. Morgan

: Hettie, Llwyndewi, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Bryncaregog)

M Morgan

: Magi Morgans, Wilbery House, Powell St, Aberystwyth (formerly

S. Morgan

: Parch. Stephen, Trefilan Cwrt, Talsarn (formerly Bwlchllan)

Rhydlydan, Llawerneg) T. Morgan

: Glasfryn, Llanrhystud (formerly Troedfoel, Trefentr)

T. Morgan

: Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Rhos Gelli-gron)

T. S. Morris

: Twm Pencwarre, Brynhaf, Llandygwy (formerly Cilgerran)

D. Moses

: Dewi Mosys, Brynaman

D. Owen

: David, Penbryn, Bronant

P. Owen

: Price, Dyffiyncastell (formerly Cwmergyr & Pantperthog, Mers. )

W. Owent

: William, Tynddol, Pont Rhydfendigaid

H. M. Parry

: Hetty Mary, Rydlan, Sarnau

T. Parry

: Tom, Rhydfallen, Blaenfallen

W. Price

: Nant-y-beddau, Cwmteuddwr, Rads.

W. Protheroe

: Brynmelys, Llanafan-fawr, Brees. (formerly Carregronwy, Cwmdulas)

J. Pugh

: Joseph, Pare-mawr, Ciliau Aeron

A. Rees

: Anne, Nythfa, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Abercarfan)

D. Rees

: Da� Maesbeidog, Llangwrddon

E. A. Rees

: Lisi Ann, Tegfan, Cwmcou

J. Rees

: John, Brysgaga, Bow Street

J. R. Rees

: John Roderick Rees, Bearshill, Pen-uwch

J. T. Rees

: Morfa-ucha, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Llwyngefis)

0. Rees

: Owen Sadler, Rhydlywys

I. Reynolds

: Brynhoffnant

J. Richards

: John, Pont Rhydfendigaid

R Richards

: Die, Gadlys, Llanrhystud

I. Roberts

: Islwyn, Brynglas, Llanddewi Brefi

M. Rogers

: Mary, Plas Abermourig, Felin-fach

A. Thomas

: Alun, Eisteddfa-Gurig

A. Thomas

: Nan, Pant-yr-awel, Pant-y-gwin, Mynydd Cellan

D. Thomast

: Da� Bwlchrhiw, Rhandirmwyn CXXVlll

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography D. J. Thomas E. Thomas E. & H. Thomas H. Thomas J. Thomas J. Thomas M. Thomas M. Thomas N. Thomast Rh. Thomas S. Thomas Gw. Tudur A Gw. Williams D. Williams E. Williams E. Williams E. Williams E. Williams E. Williams G. Williams Gl. Williams I. Williams I . Williams J. Williams J. Williams L. Williamst M. Williams P. Williams S . Williams

: Bryndulais, Llanllwni : Elsie, Llandyfriog : Nel & Hywel, Cnwcruchedydd, Llannarth : Hilda, Cyrnerau, Talbont : Jane, Glynteg, Dre-fach, Llanwenog : John, Pant-yr-aethnen, Capeldewi : ms. Marian, Melin Brithdir, Rhydlywys : Martha, Gwelfryn, Cribyn : Troedrhiw Cwmhyar, Tregroes (formerly Pontsian) : Rhys, 4 Tai-cownsil, Ffostrasol : Sophie, Pwllhobi, Llanbadarn-fawr : Gwilym, Aberystwyth (formerly Chwilog) : Anna Gwyon, Fagwyrgoch, Cwmgwaun : Nant-henfoeL Cambrian : Rhiwlyg, Tregroes : Tegfryn, Alltblaca : Lisi, Preswylfa, Blaenplwyf : Ella, Gamwen, Ferwig (formerly Granant, Moylgrove) : Elsie, Cyrnau-bach, Cominscoch : Gertie, Crymych (formerly Mynachlogddu) : Glyn & Tegwen, Tangaer-newydd, Cellan : Ifor, Gallt-y-bere, Rhandirmwyn : Idris, Carrog-isa, Glyndyfrdwy : Cwmcarfan, Llanddewi Brefi : Jac, Bryndrindod, Cilcennin (formerly Brynpeithyll) : Lewis, Gamwen, Ferwig (formerly Heolcw) : May, Bodlondeb, Penparcau (formerly Goginan) : Penry, Lluest, Llanbrynmair (formerly Camo) : Sam, Cwmtegryd, Capeldewi

Personal Communicants L. L. Davies

R Dery Gl. Evans J. Fitzgerald C. Fychan H. LL Humphreys E. James D. Jenkins C. Jones Ch. Jones Gw. Jones G. V. Jones G. W. Jones M. W. Jones T. Jones J. T. Koch M. Lacey H. Ladd-Lewis 0. Lake P. Morgan C. M. Phillips A Price

: Mynachlogddu : Robert, Dolawel, C wmann, Llanbedr Pontsteffan : Llanfihangel Aberbythych, Carms. : Revd. Father John, CarmeL Portland St, Aberystwyth : Cledwyn, Penbont Rhyd-y-beddau : Humphrey, Pwllswyddog, Tregaron (formerly Wallasey) : Eirwen, Ty-mawr, Tregaron : Dafydd, 1 8 Llys HenysgoL North Rd : Celia Jones, Pant-y-dail, Pont Rhyd-y-groes : Christine, New Moat, Pembs. : Gwyn, Monarc, Heol-y-capel, Tregaron : Geraint Vaughan, Mallwyd : Gareth Wyn, Bryndewi, Pontgarreg : Meirion, North Rd, Aberteifi : Tegwyn, Penbont Rhyd-y-beddau : John Thomas, Harvard : Mary, SWr1-y-nant, Pont Rhydfendigaid : Hedd, Newport, Pembs. : Owen, Llanddewi Brefi (formerly Carreg-y-dwfn, Trap, Llandeilo) : Prys, Bishopston, Swansea : Parc-y-ffri:er, Llandydoch : Alun, Bala CXXlX

The Place-names ofCardiganshire: bibliography Walker M. Wursthorn R

: Ron, Waun-fawr : Markus, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Germany

cxxx

( 1 ) IS-COED ABERTEIFI Aberdar -(SN (ii) 1 70-482)[aber + dar] ; Tythen Aberdare 1 574 Bronvvydd 1\1S S, Habedare c. l 700 in 1 93 6 H. Owen vol. 4 p . 47 5, Abeniar 1 748map L.J\.1orris, Aberdare OOS 1 8 1 4, Aberdar 1 826PR Ferwig,

P..her-dare OS 1 834, Aberdare

1 83 8 Th1S Ferwig, Aber-dar OS 1 89 1 i) S N 1 71 -484. 1 83 8. i n Ferwig parish.

ii) SN 1 70-482.

1 89 1 .

i..r1 Aberteifi parish.

The name Dar is common one for Welsh stream-names, and there is no doubt that in this case Dar is the older name of Nant-y-Ferwig (d).

L.t.,.BERTEIFI

�(SN 1 77�460)[aber + l1.t1. Teifi] ;

[_@'$'aber'tejvi

1 994 1\1. \Xf. Jones p. 1 5 1 ,

ab;)r'tejvi

J. Levvis]

Aber Teiui fl. l l 5C>-=-90(c. l 400) G-"Nalchmai in Hendreg. p. l 8, Aberteivi c. l l 9 1 Gir. IK p. l l O, Teifi Aber f1. 1 1 50-1 200(c. 1 400) Cynddel in Hendreg. p. l l 6, Aber Teiuy f1. 1 2 1 5 (c. 1 400) Einion ab Gwgon in Hendreg. p. 52, Kardivan 1 2 1 4 Rotuli OF p. 522, Kaerdigan 1 2 1 8 CalPR p. 1 43 , Kaerdinan 1 223 CalPR p.4 1 3 , Kardinan 1 223 CalPR p.4 1 4, Kardigan 1 229 CalPR p.26 1 , 'villa' Cardigan 1 23 1 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p. 3 63 , Cardigan 1 24 1 Ca!PR p. 265, Cardygan 1253

in_ J.C.Davies 1 946b p. 3 87, Aberte'vV'J

c. 1 286 i\nrt. Camb. (B) p. 40, Abertewi c. 1 286 A1m. Camb. (B) p. 5 3 , Aberteiui c. 1 286 Ann.Camb. (B) p. 71 , 'castellum' Cardigan c. l 286 Lll..ru'1.Camb. (B) p. 75, Aberteivi c. l 28 6 Ann.Camb. (B) p. 97, Aberteyui c. 1 288 Ann. Camb . (C) p. 4 1 , Kardygan 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Cardygan 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 M.R.hys p. l l 9, Gardigan 1 304 in 1 93 6 J\1.Rhys p. 80,

Villa

de Cardigan 1 3 52-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. I O p. l 5 5 , Aber Teiui 1 3 00414

BT(RBH TJ) p . 72, Caer Aber Teiui 1 3 004/4 BT(RBH TJ) p. 1 46, Aber Teifi 1 3 004/4 BT(RBH) vol.2 p.289, Aber Teifi c. 1 400 BT(RBH) (var. T) p. l 20, Cardican 1 407 CalPR p. 3 1 8, Kerdigan 1 422 in 1 990 \V. J. Lewis p. 1 1 1 , Cardigan als. Abertive 1 448 in 1 970 J\.1. Richards p. 68, Aber Tei:fi fl. 1 470 Daf Nantmor p.63, i�.berteivi c. 1 475 BS p. l 68 , 'vic. ' Cardigan 1 49 7 ERSt�David p . 770, Cairdigan 1 53 9 J. Leland p. l 23 , Cardyganne 1 539 i n 1 904 E. �v1.Pritchard p.77, Aber Teifi c. l 566EPC, Aber Teiv� Aber Teifi c. 1 5 69 RepWMSS vol. l pt.2 p. 895,

o

dre Aberteivi c. l 60 0 L.Dwnn vol. l p . 59, Tre Aberteivi c. l 600 L.DW!l..n

vol. 1 p. 85, Aberteivi c. l 600 L.D\v!m vol. l p. 80, Aberteifi 1 6 1 0 in 1 970 M.Richards p . 68, Abertive 1 650 EJ\1WDS 4 1 , Cardigan-tovm 1 675

i,_q 1 93 7 BBCS vol.9 p.75, Caerdigan 1 684 PDB p. 244, 'by the vulgar

called' Abertivi 1 684 PDB p . 247, Cardgan 1 75 9 G.E. Evans J\.1S S p . 7, Cardigan 1 803map J. Singer, Cardigan als. Aber Teifi 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, Cardiga (sic) 1 822PR Aberteifi, Cardiga (sic) 1 832PR Ferwig, Cardigan, W. Aberteivy 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. l 58, Aberteifi (Llandysul dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.23 7, Abarteifi (Newcastle Emlyn dialect) c. l 90 0 NLW MS 2492-C, Aberteify 1 907 E.RPritchard p. 66, 'Berteifi 1 934 D. Jen.i(ins p. 1 , Abyrtei:fi 1 990 ATD n. 293, n. 304-06, Ybyrteifi 1 990 ATD n. 3 02-03 The tm.xm \Vas built between 1 1 1 0-36 by the fo�flglo-French invaders of Ceredigion [ 1 991 R. l·

•.

and became the centre of Anglo-French influence

Gri�ffiths: 1 00] i..'1 Cardiganshire, as vvell as becoming the county town.

Its first royal cr..arter in 1 1 99, and its second one in 1 249 [ 1959 L J. Sanders: 320] . In 1 284 gained a royal charter of incorporation as a borough [ 1 99 1 R. A. Griffiths: 1 1 5] and a confirmatory charter Carlisle s.v. Cardiga.'l] ; see

Saint Mary (1 -a).

i.11 1 5 1 8

[181 1

N.

In 1 30 1 -02 Aberteifi }l.ad 1 28% burgages [ 1 959 I. J Sanders: 33] . In

1 565 it was composed of 5 5 households [ 1 972 CER: 7.58] and c. 1 600 it had 260 inhabitants [ 1 989 M. 229] . J\1ention is made of the tovvn walls

i..'1 the early l\1odern period

Griffiths:

[ 1 537 Kyle MSS; 1 625 Coed.mor MS 1 25 ;

1666 Bronwydd MSS ] . A description of the line o f the to�m 'Nalls i s given by S . Cunnane [ 1 982 CER: 9.296] ,

along with a map [T. James in 1 983 CER: 9.337] . The northern end of tovvn which has largely developed i..'1 the twentieth century is described thus: "There is also a great change in North-Road which was formerly bordered on each side by uncultivated barren and waste ground \vith watery pools, trash and rabbit holes and natural boglands. " [ 1 926 TS 1 6/07/26] . "Yn nechrau 1 93 9, Greenland 1\1eadows oedd pen-draw gogleddol Aberteifi . . . perci (caeau) oedd o'n cylch ni ym tnhob cyfeiriad. Doedd dim ty rhyngom ni a Brynteifi - dim son am J\.1aesglas,

' :na r

Rhos,

na

North Park; dim adeilad rhwng Heol y Gwbert a Felinban

ond y rhes tai gwynion a elwid Cnwc�y-dintir. . . dim son am �Jfaes-y-coed

na Rlwd-y-felin :na G--rove Park.

I Tir amaethyddol g\vyrddlas oedd o'n cylch - a gwartheg yn pori'n dawel yno: neu ambell erw'n rhoi gnwd o dato glan. I A dychwelyd at y briffordd, yr Safai Felinban fel pererin mug uwchben ei nant helbulus.

oedd rhes tai o Fryn Awe! at y bont (Grangetown) yno fel y ddwy res o dai o bob tu i Heol Aberystwyth fel canllawiau nobl i'r teithvvyr i'r Gogledd. Yn rl-.annau uchaf y ddwy ochr hyn y bu'r nevvid mvvyaf yn y flynyddoedd i ddod. Ond sylwch: nid oedd son am yr ystadau hyn - Maes-yr-haf, J\.1aeshen..-Ffordd,

1

(l) IS�COED Bryn.lJ.afod, Yr Hafod ei hun a Bro-Tei:fi. Gwlad amaethyddol hollol oedd yrna, a'r caeau gwelltog yn goleddu tuag at bri:ffordd Llechryd ar y gwastad islaw. Cae agored oedd y man lle saif 'Kwik Save' heddiw, (Gwalia Garage o'i flaen) a hefyd eghvys ne,vydd y Pabyddion." [D. J. Roberts i...11 1 989 TS 03/02/89] . The idea that the English name Cardigan is to be derived from Car-duggan [w. R. Jones in 1 976 Cardi: 14.3], or Caer Dli!gan [ 1 989 R. Jones : 1 20] , an Irish chieftain [W. R. Jones i.'1 1 976 Cardi: 1 4.3] is totally erroneous (the Irishness of the name is inspired by the E-I.sn. Duggan, though \V.pn. Cadwgan would do as \vell, see Glandwgan, 6 1 -a), the phonetic link between E. Cardigan and W. Ceredigion is straightforward (see sub Ceredigion, e), and the application of the na."'TI.e of the province to its chief town is paralleled i."'1 the tO\'\-'Il names of Kidwelly +- W. Cedweli, Laughame +- W. Talacham (Canns .); Pembroke +- W. Pe11jro (Pembs.); Brecon +- W. Brycheinog (Brees.). Nevertheless, i11 arguing the case for Caerdwgan, R Jones (1 989: 1 20] gives an interesting comment as to the use of both names in \Velsh: "Prin y clywir, hyd yn oed heddiw, neb o'r genhedlaeth h)'Il o frodorion ardaloedd Llandysul neu Gastell Nev.ydd EIT'Jyn neu i lav.rr i gyfeiriad Gogledd Sir Ben..+ro, yn son am fYnd i Aberteifi mynd i Gardigan y byddent bob amser. Ni chredaf mai mater o Seisnigo ydyw. Wedi'r cyfan, fy ngherLhedlaeth i a rhai iau na mi a fh'n benfl.af cyfrifol am Seisnigeiddio ein henwau lleoedd." The English name of this town is contained in the tn. Cardigan Slade (Prendergast), att. 1 742, just off the road that leads to Aberteifi [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 438] . Lt\ngel -(SN 1 79-459)[E. angel]; Rhyd Park yr Angell (prox.?) 1 840PR Cilgerran in 1 992 PN Pembs. p.363, (c) Parkyrarglwydd als. PJigel Inn Fields 1 859 M.Richardson MSS p.3 1 8, (pn.) Davi James yr Angel l 884 TS 28112/84 .A_rgoed -(SN 1 88-466)(ar- + coed]; Le 1\tf�lros 1 30 1 -02 ARCWW p. 7 1 , Le J\1alros 1 3 04 in 1 936 1\.A.Rhys p.297, (c) Park y J\1arlys 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd }ASS, (c) Park J\.1arlwys 1 720 Bronwydd MSS, The l\.1arlose 1 803 Derry Ormond l\ASS, (cs53 1 �35) }.1arles Fields 1 839TMS, ihgoed OS 1 89 1 The house o f A.rgoed was built bet. 1 83 9�91 [ l 8391MS� OS1 89 I ] . The older name of the land, which was a holding in 1 83 9, seen1s to have been a name identical to Marloes (Pembs.), �Malros 1 234-42, �Marias 1 529, Jyfarloes 1 793 , which is derived by B. G. Charles [ 1 992: 6 1 0-l l ] from an original *1\foelros 'bare hill-spur'. The name *},;/oelros is attested in the Scottish tn. lvfelrose (Roxburghsl>ire), which was A/failros in 73 1 , but the in the 'Velsh forms .lvfalros can only be explained if we posit *mae! a variant of moe! ( cf. sub Faelallt, 32-a), or if is taken to be an English spelling for [�], the form A1alros then showing an English phonetic development. The metathesis of the medial cluster [-lr-] --+ [-rl-], as evidenced i..11. the later form The 1\..farlose 1 803 can be explained in \Velsh phonology as the readjustment of an uncommon medial cluster to a commoner one, cf Gilros (5-a). The name seems to refer to the long spur that extends from Banc-y=warin (1-b) to Aberteifi (1-a), upon which the the moorish commorJand of P..hos Tre Aberteifi (1 -b) lay. The modern meaning of rhos 'moor' remained suitable for this area, but in such an archaic inverse construction as Malros, rhos would have meant 'bill-spur' rather tb.an 'moor', indeed, it is obvious that !vfarloes (Pembs.) refers to that 'textbook' promontory (the westernmost of southern Pembrokeshire) that faces the island of Skomer. Bathphouse -(SN 1 77-464)[E. bath + house]; [zba6ows 1 994 :M. \V. Jones p.200, ba8'haws D. Davies] The Bath House 1 830PR Aberteifi, Bath House 1 834rnap J.Wood, Bath House 1 83 9TMS, Bath House 1 861 M.Fichardson MSS p. 373, Bath House OS 1 904, Bath House Farm 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 82, The Bathhouse 1 991 leaflet There was a Bath House between 1 799� 1 892 in LA berystv.yth on the site of Penbryndiodde (65-b), where there vvere public baths. Bethania -(SN (ii)l 79-461 )[Bibl.tn. Bethania]; Bethany 1 85 1Rel. cens. p. 474, Cardigan (Bethania) c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.28 1 , Chap OS 1 982 i) SN 1 78-462. b. 1 775�76 [ 1 85 1 Rel. cens. : 474� 1 947 R. Edwards : 2 1 � 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: so]; b. 1 799 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall"Turner: 281 ] ; enl. l 81 9 ( 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 50] . cf Ysgol Aberteifi (l�a). ii) SN 1 79�46 1 . b. l 843-46 in \Villiam Street to replace site (i) (1947 R. E 1 1 95 ( 1 424) CalPatR p.258, L e Chaste! d e Cardigan

1 328-29 in Suppl.AC cL-xYJ.ii, Ynghastell Aber Tivi c. l 600 Egerton MS 2, 5 86 p. 76, Castell Aber Teiry >1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 849, Castle Green 1 76 1 Bromvydd MS S, The Castle of Cardigan 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, The Castle Green 1 834PR ii..berteifi, Castle Green 1 83 4amap J.Wood The castle was bombarded by Parliamentarians in Dec. 1 644 (late 1 643 by the Royalist garrison in May 1 645

[ 1 985 CER: 1 0. 1 93] .

[ 1 990 w. J. Lewis: 5]), and was burnt [1990 w. J. Lewis: 5] ; "The

It served later as a jail

castle and the ground contained witb..in its outer walls (called the Castle Green) now belong to John Bowen, Esq. who is building a house on the site of the keep . . . " " erected a house on the site of the

keep,

[ 1 808

s.

R. Meyrick: 1 00];

John Bowen

. . . The dungeons now· serving as l-is cellars: the wall between the

two towers being lowered, and the green sloped down so as to form a hanging garden. " Cardigan] . The mention of

Castle Gate

opposite

..

gate was between the castle and the walled tovm,

Cilmaenllwyd

-(SN 202-48 l ) [cil + y + maen +

( 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. MSS: 61] implies that this rather than the tmvn gate known as Bridge-gate (1-c).

T-Jeolfair (1-c)

[ 1 758 Llanllawddog

llv.ryd];

Cil y �Aaenllwyd, Cilymaenlhvyd 1 787sur map,

Cilmaenlhvyd

1 83 91MS Aberteifl, Cil-maenlhvyd

OS 1 89 1

Cnwc-y-deintur -(SN (i) 1 83-470) [cnwc + y + dei..r1tur]; [knoka'dmt!r D .

Davies]

Kflwckydyntyr 1 8 1 6PR Aberteifl, Cnwck-y-dintir 1 825PR Llangoedmor, Cnwck y Dintir 1 828PR Aberporth, Cnwc-y-dintir

(i)

OS 1 89 1 , Cmvc y Dintir (ii) OS 1 982

i) SN 1 83 =470.

[081 904; 081 982] . Felinban (1-a). In southern

ii) SN 1 81 -469. A housing estate, b. bet. l 904-82 The name is associated with nearby

Cnwcsaeson

-(SN 1 99-4 8 l ) [cnwc + y + saeson] ;

[knuk'sejs�n L.

deintur Penddeintur (40-a).

Cardiganshire the word

masculine noun, whilst in central Cardiganshire it was a femi.fline noun. cf

was a

Williams]

Knwck y Seison 1 697 Nouadd MSS , K..·•nvck y Saeson 1 748 !vi.Richardson 1\.1S S p. 434, Cnwc y Saeson 1 787sur map, Cnwcyseison OOS 1 8 1 4, Cnwc-y-seison OS 1 834, Cnwc Saeson 1 839TMS Aberteifi See sub Rhos

Corsydd

Tre Aberteifi (1-b).

- (SN 20 1 -480) [corsydd] ; Corsydd Duon 1 743-45 Nouadd l\.1S S , Ffoesydd Dyon (sic) 1 74 8 l\.1.Richardson l\.1S S p. 434, Corsydd 1 80 1 M.Richardson MS S p.48 1 , Corsydd 1 83 9Tl\.1S Aberteifl, Gorsydd OS 1 89 1 , Corsydd O S 1 904, Tanybryn OS 1 982

Crugefa -(SN 202-478)[crug + f pn.

Efa] ;

Gry Eva 1 666 Colby l\1S 69, Crig Eva 1 71 5 C olby

J\I[S

72, Cryg Eva 1 726/27 Colby l\1S 70, Crigeva

1 80 1 l\.1. Richardson l\1S S p. 48 1 , Crug-efa 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Crug Efa OS 1 834, Crug Efa 1 83 9TJ\1S Aberteifi, Crug E'irra 1 83 9PR Fenvig

Twmpath Tylwith Teg noted in the proxitr.ity no doubt refers to the original topographic feature that Cntgefa [1 860 AC : 58] . As tylwyth-teg was not the original designation of 'fairies' in this area one is suspicious of Twmpath-tylwyth-teg as a wholly spurious name, or at least as one derived from The

gave its name to

4

(1) IS-COED twmpath is almost in literary \Velsh, see sub Tanrhiwfelen (63-a). Cwmbared -(SN 1 94-484)[cwm + E . sn. Barrett] ; a semi-learned source. The term

ucl-Jlown in Cardiganshire, though it is fairly common

Com Barre 1 5 72/73 Nouadd MSS, Com Barrett 1 63 0 Nouadd }\ASS, Park bach Cv.mbarred, Cefen C\\'111barre 1 787sur map For an explar.ation, see sub

Cwmpreis - (SN

(csl7, 1 8, 22) Weirglodd C\vmbarred,

Trebared (1-a).

1 79-486) [c\vm + W-E.sn. Pryce] ;

Llain-y-felin OS 1 83 4, Cvnn Price 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Cwm-price OS 1 89 1 The name is unlikely to have been established earlier than the mid-eighteenth century, see sub

Hen­

Gogerddan (4-a); cf L!einau-Preis (2-a). Y Dderwen - (SN 1 76-473)[y + derwen] ; Y-Dderwen O S 1 982

DdO!b!esant -(SN

1 97-488) [y + dol + plesant] ;

Ddol-bleasant 1 82 1 PR Ferwig, Ddol-pleasant O S 1 89 1 , Ddo!-plesant OS 1 904

DOlgerdd

= ( SN 1 76-474)[dol + cerdd ] ;

Dolgerdd OS 1 982

Ebeneser

-(SN 1 78-46 l ) [Bibl.tn. Ebenezer] ;

Ebenezer 1 85 1 Rel.cens. p. 474, Cardigan c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Tumer p.280

[ 1 990 W. J. Lewis: 33] ; b. 1 827-28 [ 1 851Rel.cens. : 474, c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfull�Tumer: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 68; 1987 B. J. Ravvlins: 51 ] ; sold 1 884 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 5 1 ] ; closed 1 88 9 [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 68] ; denom. \VJ\1. Eglwysgatholic -(SN 1 83 -465 ) [ eglwys + catholic] ; [eglus'gafbhk I. James] est. l 809

Ch O S 1 982

A new catholic church was built in 1 970 [ 1 9 70 TS: 25!09170; inf s. Cunane]; it replaced an eg!us'va:z on Traeth (1 -c), which existed before 1 93 9-45 [inf. I. James] .

Erw-wen

-(SN 1 77-474)[env + gwen] ;

Erw Wen O S 1 982

Feli11ban

-(SN 1 84-472)[y + melin-pan] ;

Tucking

:Mill

> 1 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Felin Ban 1 8 1 7PR Abertei:fi, Felin-ban, Felin-ban

1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Felin-ban OS 1 89 1 See Cnwc-y-deintur (1-a). Fe!in-ganol -(SN 1 98-488)[y + melin (+ canol)] ; Felin ganol 1 787sur map, Feli.�ganol O OS 1 8 1 4, Cwm-velin-ganol (prox.) 1 8 1 5PR Ferwig, Felin-gano! 1 83 9Th1S Aberteifi, Felin ganol (Corn) OS 1 89 1 -(SN 1 87-473)[y + melin + newydd] ;

Feli.•1-newydd

[velm'owi

D . Davies, I . James,

25'velm'nowi

1 994 M W.

Jones p. 340] Felinnewydd 1 803map J. S inger, Felin nevr;dd O OS 1 8 1 4, Y Velin ne\vidd 1 6 1 1 Hav. EE\V l\.1SS , New Mill 1 65 3

in

\VGaz. 1 902 1 1 7, New J\1ill 1 822PR Abertei:fi, Felin ne\\'Ydd 1 83 4map J.\Vood, New

Mill

(Corn) OS 1 89 1

Ffarm Nepwl

-(SN 1 73 -462)[ffarm + tn. Nepwl

(1 -a)]; [farma'nepul I . M�thias, �do:l'war(} 1 994 M. W. Jones

p. 3 3 5 ] Netpool Farm 1 83 9TJ\!f � Aberteifi, Netpool Farm O S 1 89 1 , Dol-werdd OS 1 904

Ffoshering -(SN

1 97-492) [ffos + E. sn. Herring] ; [ fo: s'heng,

r�kland L.

Williams]

Fros Herring 1 73 4 Bromvydd M �S, Ffoes Herring 1 73 4 Hav. EEW Foeshering OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffoesherring

MSS,

1 8 1 5PR Ferwig, Cossering (sic)

FfOs Herring 1 787sur tnap,

1 826PR Ferwig, Ffos-Herin

OS 1 8 3 4, Faesherring 1 83 2 R.K Dav/SOil, Ffos-herring 1 83 9Th1S Aberteifi, Ffoseri..� 1 840PR Ferwig, Ffoes Herin 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Rockland Farm 0Sc. 1 950, Rocklands OS 1 982 Judging from the earliest attestation above, this place ca..·"..not have been named after the Rev. Jor..n

Bethania (1-a) ( 1 8 1 1 -26), later Siloam (2-a) ( 1 826-32), who was a (Brees.) [ 1 947 R. Edwards: 29, 99] . However, a certai.lJ. Ricardus Hering [ 1 268 Long!eat MS 624] Richard Heryng was resident in Aberteifi (1-a) i.11. 1 3 0 1 -02 (ARC\V\V], and the place is likely to have been named after him or a member of his farr.i!y.

Herri.lJ.g ( 1 789-1 832), minister of native of Llansbyddyd ,

Ficrej

-(SN 1 80-462)[£. vicarage]; Vicarage OS 1 89 1

Foudrlas

-(SN 1 94-473)[y + beudr + glas] ;

5

(1) IS�COED Penfoidir-las 1 839T1.1S Aberteift, Foidir-las O S 1 8 9 1

Gat Pendre -(SN

1 79-463)[gat + tn. Pendre

(1-a)] ;

T. Gate OOS 1 8 1 4, Turnpike Gate at Pendre 1 83 1 PR Aberteifi, Pendre (Turnpike House) 1 83 2PR Aberteifi

College Row [inf D. Davies], its location can be discerned o n the 1 839Tl\1S; The tollgate house was Pensarnau bet. 1 83 6-43 [ 1 990 \V. J. Lewis: 1 26], see Gat Pensamau (1 -a). Gat Pensarnau -(SN (i)1 8 1 -464)[gat + tn. Pensarnau (1-b)] ; Near

removed to

The North Gate 1 870 TS 24/06/70, The North Turnpike Gate 1 88 6 TS 1 211 1 /86, North Gate Terrace (prox.) OS 1 89 1 , Northgate-Terrace 1 926 TS 1 6/07/26, The North (Pensarnau) Tollgate 1 990 W'.J.Lewis p. l 26, North Turnpike Gate 1 990 \V. J. Lewis p. 1 9, Pensamau Gate 1 990 \V. J.Lewis p. 1 26 i) SN 1 8 1 -464. Belov1 bet. 1 83 6--43

[ 1 990 w.

Grangetown [i,'1f D. Davies]. The tollgate house was removed from Gat Pendre ( 1-a) 1 26], destroyed during the Rebecca Riots in 1 843 [ 1 982 CER: 9.296] ;

J. Levvi.s:

"REMOV.A.L OF THE NORTH GATE -/ A petition to the Chairrrt.an of the County Roads Board for the removal of this gate from its present site to a position without the bounds of the borough has been in

[1 870 TS: 24/06170] . Northgate Terrace was b. on site of the old ropeworks of 1.1essrs. B. Humphreys [1 926 TS: 16/07126] . ii) SN 1 85-468. Afeudr HeP':.lfordd (1-c). On sw entrance of Afeudr HeP.:ffordd [inf D. Davies] ; abolished, and gates removed on 0 1 /04/ 1 889 [ 1 889 TS: 05/04/89; 1 990 w. J. Le-v·vis: 87] . Gat Rhydfuwch -(SN 1 89-459)[gat + tn. F..hydfi.nvch (1-a)]; [ �manar'a·v�n 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 1 1 3 , man� ' rav;ln I. Jones] active circulation during the past few days in the tov-m and neighbourhood,"

Rhydyfiwch Turnpike 1 83 9TI\1S A.berteifi, Cardigan East Gate 1 8 5 3 Plas Llangoedmor MSS , East Gate (T.P. ) OS 1 89 1 , Man-ar-afon OS 1 904, Eastgate Toll House 1 990 W.J. Lewis p. 87, Rhydyfhwch Gate 1 990 W.J. Lewis p. l26 Abolished on 0 1 104/1 889

Glanbran -(SN

[ 1 889 IS: 05/04/89] .

1 96-479)[tn. Glanbran (Llanfairoar�yobcyn, Canns.)] ;

Lan-bran O S 1 834, Lanbran 1 83 7PR Abertei:fi, Glan Bran 1 83 9TMS i\.berteift, Glan-bran OS 1 89 1 , Glan­ bran 0Sc. 1 95 0, Ael y Bryn OS 1 982 Its position seems to preclude it referring to a local brook named Bran, cf.

G!anllynnan

Glanbran (43-a).

-(SN 1 96-479)[glan + hn. Llynnan] ;

Glan Llynan, Plas Diffryn Llynan (prox.) 1 63 0 Nouadd MS S , Glan Llynan 1 787sur map, Lanllynan 1 82 1 PR Aberteift, Lan-llyr..an O S 1 834, Llan Llinan 1 83 8Tl\.1S Llangoedmor, Glan-llyr..an O S 1 89 1 , Gl..an Llynnan 0Sc. 1 950 The name Llynnan appears to be the older name of the river }vfwldan

Gopa

(d).

-(SN c. 1 79-47 8) [y + copa] ; Goppa > 1 774 Gogerddan J\1S S box D l , Coppa O S 1 834, Goppa 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi

Gors

-(SN 200-480)[y + cors] ; Gors 1 787sur map, Gors 1 8 1 9PR Llangoedmor, Gors O S 1 89 1

Gotrel-fach

-(SN 1 79-483 )[E. sn. Cotterell ? (+ bach)] ;

Gottrel fach >1 774 Gogerddan lV!SS box D l , Gotrel-flich OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-gwyn OS 1 904

Gotrel�fawr - (SN

1 76-479) [E. sn. Cotterell ? (+ mawr)] ;

Gottrel fawr,

(c)

[g :)trd L.

\Villiams]

Park y Gottrel > 1 774 Gogerddan MS S box D l , Gotrel OOS 1 8 1 4, Gotterel l 824PR

Ferwig, Goitrel 1 828PR Fenvig, Gotrel OS 1 834, Gottre 1 83 2PR Ferwig, Gottrel 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Gotrel Farm O S 1 982 This might be an English surr..ame, a

Sir Charles Cotterell (fl. l 663-78)

was norninated by James P}:lillips,

of the Priory, to contest the 1 663 parliamentary by-election of the Aberteift borough seat

[ 1 967 P. D. G. Thomas: 404; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 1 82] , and a John Cottrel lived in P..berjstwyth in 1 752 [ 1 902 G. E. Evans: 1 12]. More likely candidates to have given their name to this place are Jordan Cottrell, a witness of the grant to the Priory (1 -a) in 1 1 9 0 [1904 E. J:v!.. Pritchard: 44-45], or perlt.aps Fichard Coterel, a juror of t.lJ.e land of the bishop of St David in CardigaP...shire [ 1292 subsidy: 220] . The tn. Cotrel (ST 07-74, St Nicolas, Glams.), E . 2ffi�'k:ltrel, the earliest form of which i s Tyrecotere/ 1 373-74 appears t o b e a n identical name [ 1 968 Gw. 0. Pierce: 279-80], as does Cwm-y-Cotterell Wood (SO 41 -28, Kenderchurcr.., Here.), Cae-Cotrel (SO 1 5-27, Llangors, Brees.). Gw. 0. Pierce [ 1 968: 279-80] derives Cotrel from an E. sn. Cotterel(f), and he does fmd a Roger Cottre(l) in the neighbouring parishes c. l 3 20. He fmds the sn. Cotterel(l) to be a derivation of the \Vord that gave MF. cotier 'tenant of a small-holding' [DHLF s.v. coterie] , but the (apparently secondary) meaning • .

6

(1) IS-COED given to

Coterelli

in the twelfth century

[c. l l 94 Gir.DK: 220]

may be interesting: this was a term which was

given to mercenary troops during this period, they being also called

Dimock: 232].

Brabancenes

or

Routiers ( 1 868 J.

F.

Note that Brabant is a region adjoining Flanders in the Netherlands, and that the Flemish are

attested amongst the twelfth century conquerors of Ceredigion; see

Castel!fflemis

(33-b),

Bate! (2-a).

The

only difference between the Abertei:fi name and the Glamorganshire name, is the lenition of he initial

or Gotrel 1 600Y4; but usual for the former. The Glamorganshire or Kotrel 1 60 1 , Y Kotrel 1 600%, Y Kottrell 1 660-80. A the original element in the Aberteifi name was cote! (fn.) which

element, attested only once for the latter: name is usually unlenited:

The Cottrel

possible explanation of tl··js may be that was equated with the sn.

Cotterell,

1 596,

which must have been familiar around Aberteifi about 1 663, may have

Frampton Cotterel, is regarded as being connected to a faiPily­ Cote! [ 1 968 Gw. o. Pierce: 80] . If this supposition proves correct we have to equate Gotrel with the word cote!, attested in northern Wales: " Gottal" , an exiguous house in Llanegryn village (Mers.); "A small corner, so-called because it resembles a rectangular pin knovv'Il as a cattle or cottel. " [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 177]; cf (c) Llyn.;y-gotal (Borthwcn, LhvyngwrJ, Mcrs.) [inf SWDP]; Tyn-y-gotel (SJ 07-44, prox. Corw-cn, Mcrs.). Greenfield Row -(SN 1 76-462)[E.tn. Greenfield + E. row] ; [�gri:nfi:ld'row 1 994 M W. Jones p . 1 53 ] influenced it. A village in Gloucestershire,

name

Green Field Row 1 83 3 PR i�.berteifi, GreePJield Row 1 834map J.Wood, GlePJield Ro\v 1 834amap J. \Vood, Greenfield Row O S 1 982

A terrace. There also existed a Greerifield Square with some thirty-two households as opposed to the nine households of Greenfield Row [ 1 904 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/1 88]. Greenland -(SN 1 82-469)[E.ta Greenland] ; Greenland 1 826PR Aberteifi, Greenland OS 1 89 1 , Greenland Ivleadows (prox.) OS 1 982

Hengastell -(SN 1 65-464)[hen + castell] ; [z�'g astef- 1 994 J\1. \V. Jones p. 1 92, h e :n g astcl C. M Phillips, (c) pu:l�'kastcl (prox. ) M. G. JamesJ '

Old Fort 1 748map L.M:orris, Old Castle >1 774 Gogerddan lVISS box D l , Old Castle F. m OOS 1 8 1 1 , Old­ castle 1 828PR Aberteifi, Old Castle OS 1 834, Old Castle Farm OS 1 891 , Hen Gastell 1 926 TS 02/07/26, Hen Gastell l 96 8 Cardi vol.3 p. l 8, i'r 'En Gastell l 990 ATD n. 302-03 Refers to Castell (1-b). Hope -(SN 1 78 -462)[£. hope] ; [temprans'h;,:! (ii) D. Davies] Cardigan, English (Hope) c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner p. 278, Hope Chapel 1 987 B. J.:Rawlins p. 5 1 , am Gapel yr Hope 1 989 TS 03/02/89, a Chapel yr Hope 1 989 R Jones p. 3 8 i) S N 1 78-460. b. 1 83�3 7

[ 1 851Rel.cens. : 474, c. l 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tumer: 278, 1 990 W. J. Levvis: 38; 1 991 TS: 10/12/91, 12/04/91 ] ; b. c. l 840 ( 1987 B. J. Rawlins: 5 1 ]; i..'l. Heolfair on the location of the first Capelmair (1-a) [ 1990 W. J. Lewis: 38] . ii) S N 1 78-462. b. l 879- 80 [ 1 991 TS: 10/05/9 1 ] ; later became a Temperance Hall [1990 \V. J . Levii.s : 4 1 ] ; Then became a garage after 1 945 [inf. D. Davies] ; denom. I [ 1 851Rel.cens. : 474] ; dest. 1 976 [ 1 991 TS: 1 0/05/9 1 ] . An English branch of Capelmair [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 5 1 ] . lnnisfree -(SN 20 1 -478) [E .tn. Inishfree (Co. Donegal, Ireland)] ; Innis:free OS 1 982

Lamb -(SN 1 79-460)[E. lamb] ; The Lamb 1 99 1 J\1. ap Dafydd p. l 3 " The Lamb . . . was a brewery run by the Church o f Saint Mary. The original building stood near the church entrance, but by today the pub of the same name is on the opposite side of the square. " [ 1 991 M. ap Da±ydd: 1 3-14]. The lamb is a religious symbol, viz. agnus Dei 'the lamb of God' [ 1 991 M. ap Da..tydd: 1 3] . Llwynhelyg -(SN 1 88-472)[llwyn + helyg] ; Llwynhelyg OS 1 982

Llwynpiod -(SN 1 77-476)[llwyn + y + pi:od] ; [zlujn'pjo:d 1 994 J\1. \V. Jones p. 343 , iujn'pij�d L. \Villiarr.s] Llwyn y Piod 1 666 Colby MS 69, Lloyne y Piod 1 7 1 5 C olby MS 72, Lhvyn y Pyod 1 726/27 Colby MS 70, Lh.:vyn Piod 1 802 :rvtF...ichardson :l\1S 204, Lhvynpiod 008 1 81 4, Lhvyn-y-piod 1 834map J.Wood, Lhvynpiod 1 836PR F erwig

Llyn-y-felin -(SN 1 80-470)(llyn + y + melin] ; [lm�'velm D . Davies] (c) Gwyrglodd Llyn y Velin als. Gvvyrglodd Mys Mead 1 726/27 Colby ]\!IS 70,

(c)

Gwirglodd Llynn y

Veli.11 als. Gwirglodd Mys Mead 1 744 Colby MS 75, Llynyfelyn 1 822PR Ferwig, Llyn-y-felin 1 83 0

in

1 947 REdwards p . 3 6, Ll:yn-y-felin OS 1 89 1 , Lower Stepaside als. Llynyfelin 1 9 1 9 John Francis MS S vo1.2 p . 98

7

(1) IS�COED This was probably the mill-pond that fed water to A1elin Aberteifi (1 -a); see Parc�y�reiffl (1-b), Step-seid (1 -a).

Maesglas -(SN 1 84-468)[maes + glas]; [£S'majs'gla:s 1 994 M. W. Jones p. l l 4] :Maesglas OS 1 982 A housing estate. The name may be inspired by nearby Greenland (1-a). Maes-y-meillion -(SN 1 98-483)[maes + y + meillion] ; Maesymeillion OS 1 982 Melin Aberteifi -(SN 1 77-463)[melin + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)]; [�'velm p. c. l\1 \V. Jones] Molend[ina] Aq[u]atica 1 280Ext. p. l l 3, Duorum 1\1olendinorum in Gardigan 1 304 JM.Rhys p. 80, J\1olendinorum de Cardigan 1 433 Orig.AC p.2 1 , (c) Parke yr Velin 1 666 Colby MS 69, 'lands called' Cand, 'land by' The Rape Mill ? 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd M�S, Cardigan Mill l 821PR Aberteift, The Mill 1 83 2PR Aberteifi, Grist M.i11 1 834map J.Wood, Cardigan Mill 1 91 9 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 98 There were two mills in 1 268 [ 1 991 R. l•-.. Griffit.l}s : 1 1 3] ; in the 1 270s there were at least tr..ree water rr>ills, but by the early fifteenth century there were only two, and on Speed's map orJy one is recorded [ 1 959 I. J. Sanders: 330]. Do the two medieval mills refer to this place and adjacent Tanerdy (1-a)?; at the bottom of Greenfield Row ( 1 -a) [inf D. Davies] . Mount Zion -(SN 1 78-461 )(Priory St.)[E. mount + Bibl.tn. Zion] ; Cardigan, (Zion) English c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 28 1 , l\1ount Zion 1 947 R Ed\vards p . 1 00 b. l 880 [1947 R. Edwards: 1 00]; b. 1 88 1 [c . 1 902 E . R. Horsfall-Trnner: 281 ] ; denom. Engl.B. 1\'lwldan -(SN 1 77-461)[hn. J\1wldan]; [E'$'i.T'muldan, _g�'muldan 1 994 M. \V. Jones p. l 81 , muldan 1 994 M. \V. Jones p. 1 53, .::1n,muldan'i·za, muldan'i·fa + ' i ·za D. Davies] (c) 'close called' Park l\1uldan, :Muldan Streat 1 56 1 Nouadd l\1SS, l\1wldan 1 826PR 1\.berteifi, l\1wldan Street 1 829PR Aberteifi, l\1wldan isaf a Netpwl, Mwldan ganoL Mwldan uchaf 1 830 in 1 947 R.Edwards p.3 5, Upper Mwldan 1 834PR Aberteift, J\1wldan uchaf, Mwldan St. 1 834map J.Wood, Upper ]\1wldan OS 1 982, Lower Mwlli�tl, Middle Mwldan 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 82, Y Mwldan 1 994 M W.Jones iv, Mwldan ucha' + ganol + isa' 1 994 M W.Jones iv This \vas the name of the original industrial and poor quarter of Aberteift, which hugged the 1\.;fw/dan nver. Myrtlehill �(SN 1 98�472)[E. myrtle + rill]; Myrtle Hill Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Myrtlehill Cottages OS 1 904 Na11t-y-Ferwig -(SN 1 69-481 ) [mmt + tn. Fenvig (2-a)]; Nant y Verwick 1 839PR Llandydoc}l..., Nanty Ferwig 1 839TMS �Aberteifi, Nant-y-ferwig OS 1 891 Nantgwyn -(SN 1 79-483)[nant + gwyn] � Nant-gwyn OS 1 904 Nepwl -(SN 1 72-46 1 ) [£. net + pool]; [nepul, �'netpul D. Davies, netpul M. W. Jones, £S'netpu:l 1 994 M. W. Jones p. l 99, netpul�'dre: (Llandydoch dialect) l\1. G. James, E'$'puia'rujdi 1 994 l\1. \71./. Jones p. 1 1 3, pui�'hrojde C. l\1. Phillips, p. c. .l\1. \V. Jones] Nettpole 1 280Ext. p. l l 2, Necpoles 1 3 00 in 1 936 M.Rhys p. 8 1 , Nepohis 1 30 1 in 1 93 6 MRhys p.203, Neppol 1 302--03rent n.2, Le Necpol 1 304 in 1 93 6 M.!?..hys p.298, 'terra' Netpollis, Nettepoil 1 328-29 in Suppl.AC clxxii� Nitepolle 1 3 52-53 in 1 940 BBCS vol. l O p. l 55, Nepool >1 774 Gogerddan l\1SS box D l , Nepwl 1 8 16PR Aberteill, Neppwl 1 8 1 9PR L!angoedtnor, Net-pool 1 822PR Aberteifi, Netpv.rl 1 830 in 1 947 R.Ed'vvards p.35, Net Pool OS 1 834, The Netpool l 907 E.Pritchard fac.p. l 6 1 , yn Netpool l 974 D.\V. Thomas p. l 08, Pwllrhwyd 1 976 Dl\1LL 1 There were bars (barrau) placed here to enable fishermen to leave their nets to dry [inf. D. Davies] ; S}lipbuilding was carried out here [1976 Dl\1LLI], and was at its height between 1 81 0--20 [ 1 972 CER: 7.62] ; pole'hvj:) here when ships \vere built, now filled up [inf. D. Davies]. The name Nepwl-y-dre was in contrast to YNep.11l (8 1 -a) in Llandydoch; cf Pwll-y-rhwyd (3-b). Neuaddwen -(SN 1 90-463)[neuadd + gwen] ; Neuaddwen O S 1 982 New1o\vn -(SN 1 86-467)[E. new + town]; New Tovln O S 1 891 This was physically a part of the town by 1 904 [os 1 904] . Oernant -(SN 1 95-475)[tP� Oernant (21-a)]; [ _g�jrnant 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 1 1 4] Oernant OS 1 982 8

(1) IS-COED }Jl emulated name brought by a farmer who moved from Oernant (2 1-a) to here in 1 948 (inf]. Pen-y-banc -(SN 1 77-485)[pen + y + bane]; Penybank 1 823PR Fenvig, Pen y Bane 1 83 1PR Fenvig, Pen-y-ban..l{ 1 839TJ\!T.S Aberteift, Pen-y-banc OS 1 89 1 Pendre -(SN 1 78=462)[pen + y + tref]; [pen'dre: D . Davies] Pendre 1 700 Ty-Llwyd MSS, Pen y Dre 1 744 Colby MS 75, Pen y Dre, (c) Park Pen y Dre > 1 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Heol y Maen Llwyd als. Heolyvarne als. Pendree Street c. 1 775 Manordeifi J\1S S p.9, Pendre House 1 777 Ty-lhvyd J\1SS, Pendre 1 820PR Fenvig, Pendre isaf + uchaf 1 830 in 1 947 REdv,rards p . 3 5, Pendre OS 1 89 1 , Pendre Street 1 975 CER vol.7 p.204, 'known to some as' Heolmaenllwyd 'the cobbled street' 1 990 \V.J.Lewis p. 87 This was origi1 774 Gogerddan J\1SS box D 1 , Penlan 1 803map J. Singer, Penlan OOS 1 8 14, Pen-lan OS 1 834 Pilau -(SN 1 95-496)[piliau]; [pile L.\Villiams] Pille OOS1 8 1 4, Pilleu 1 822PR Ferwig, Pille 1 829PR Ferwig, Pil-au OS1 834, Pyle 1 83 1PR Ferwig, Pille 1 832map R K.Dawson, Pil-le 1 837PR Aberteift, Piliau 1 860 AC p. 61, Piliau OS 1 891 The lack ofjod is in contrast to Afonpiliau (an alias of Brouan, d) wbich lies some oPJy 4k..1Jl to the s. The explanation for the difference appears to be that a jodless dialect has been superseded by an expanding jod dialect in the early �1odem period, cf Rhos-y-moelaid (81-a), Trebaneinon (81-a); see sub Pil-bach (18a).

Pontcleifon -(SN 1 81 -461)[pont + y + cleifion]; [ES'p:mt�'klejvj:m 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 1 13] Pen Pont y FJivion 1 574 Nouadd J\1SS, Pont Kyron 1 760map E.Bowen, (c) Pontyclifon 1 802 MRichardson MSS, Pontydeifon 1 82 1PR Aberteifi, Pontclivon 1 825PR Llandydoch, Pont y Cleivon 1 833 burg. list, Pont y Cleifon 1 834amap J.Wood, Pont Cleivon 1 836burg.list, Pont y Cleifion OS 1 891 , Pontycleifon 1 900 TS 06/04/00, Pontycleifon 1 92 1 TS 1 4/1 0/21 'A carucate of land adjoining, used as a refugium' [>1 1 97(1424) CalPatR in 1904 E. Pritchard: 1 04] ; "Territorium leprosorum" in the liberties of Cardigan [ 1 574 Nouadd �.1SS] . Poorhouse -(SN 1 78-464)[E. poorhouse]; [sbt�r'haws D. Davies] a Poor-house 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, Poor House Cardigan 1 820PR Aberteift, Poor House 1 834map J.Wood, (pn.) Dafi'r Gof Poorhouse 1 921 TS 1 4/1 0/2 1 , (pn.) Dafis Gof Poorhouse 1 990 W.J.Lewis p.72, The Poor Houses 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. l 9, Theatr 1\Awldan in£ b. 1 773 as a jaiL after the building of the new jail in 1 793-97 became a poorhouse or a workhouse [ 1 808 s . R . Meyrick: 82; 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan; 1 968 A. E. Davies: 1 3-1 4] . "It seems that the gaol and the house of correction were h'1 the same building and that the functions of the two h"'1Stitutions had not been defmed in the eighteenth century. " [ 1 968 A E. Davies: 1 3-1 4] . It was refurbished as a slaughterhouse [ 1 990 w. J. Lewis: 82] , probably following the opening of the Poor Law Union ,;�.;ork.h.ouse at Llandydoch in 1 83 9-40 (see Y Wyrcos, 80-a) ; it has recently been refurbished as a theatre [i.'lf]. Priory �(SN 1 8 1 -460)[E. priory]; [pri'�rdi p. c. 1'.1. V.f. Jones] Prioratum de Cardigan 1 1 59-8 1 papal document in 1 904 E. Pritchard p. 1 50, (pn.) Prior de Cardigan 1 280Ext. p. l l 3, The Colledg 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, The Priory 1 683 Ty-llwyd MSS, Cardigan Priory 1685/86 Ed\x.rinsford M�S, Priory of Cardigan 1 803 Derry Ormond M�S, Priory OOS1 81 4, The Priory 1 829PR A.berystvvyth, Priory 1 834amap J.\Vood, o'r Priordy 1 869 B.\Villiams p. 1 90, The Priory, site of OS 1 89 1 , Priordy i�..berteifi, Y Priordy 1 968 Cardi vol3 p. l 8, Hospl OS1 982, Cardigan and District Memorial Hospital 1 983 TS 1 1102/83 The Priory is first referred to in 1 165 [ 1 991 R A Griffiths: 1 03], and was a cell to the Benedictine abbey of Saint Peter, Chertsey. W. J. Le,\ris [ 1 990: 7] believes it was almost certainly established about 1 1 1 1 , with the first comiP.g of the A..nglo-French; though S. Cunnane [ 1 982 CER: 9.295] thinks the most likely founder to have been Roger de Clare in the period 1 1 58-65. In 1 53 7 the priory was transferred to Royal Abbey, Bisham, which was dissolved in 1 53 8 [ 1 990 w. J. Le\.vis: 7]. It became The Cardigan and District A/femorial 9

(1) IS-COED Hospital

in 1 922, and continued so as part of the NHS in 1 948

[ 1 983 TS 1 1/02/83] . The hospital (1 808: 170] stood at

overwhehned the site of the old rnansion, which, according to S. R Meyrick eastern end of the Church.

I

has the

do not know what change was entailed by the building of a new mansion

"..A.n elegant fabric was erected on the site of the old ruins of the Priory, about eight years [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan]; described as "an elegant villa" [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 328] . E. R. Horsfall-Turner [ c. l 902: 1 79] notes t}"l.at Yr Hen Ardd in the cemetery of Sai.'1t J\1ary, from the path to the about 1 800:

ago [ 1 803 ] . "

porch, seemed to show the site of the priory (this seemingly implies that the prior; was not the same site as the rnansion c. l 900).

Pritsierd-fach -(SN 1 68-473) [ ? (+ bach)] ; Y Pichert c. 1 600 Egerton l\1S 2, 586 p. 75, Bridget fach 1 748tnap L.J\1orris, Bridget vach 1 752 Bromvydd

l\1S S, Pitchert 1 808 S.Rl\.1eyrick p. 1 73, Pritchard fach OOS 1 8 1 4, Pritchard�fach OS 1 834, Bridget fach 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Pitsiert 1 869 B.\Villiarr1s p. 84, Pritchard-tach O S 1 89 1 , Br;n�y=mor OS 1 904, Bryn= y-mor OS 1 982

It

is tempting to derive tbis place-P..ame from the beacbing of a ship name Bridget, for a feminine name of

Charming Afolly of Aberteifi [ 1 767 Bromvydd �.188]. The Welsh forms of Bridget are evidenced Britchert in northern Cardiganshire [1669 H. H. Hughes J\18S], and Bridgard (L!anbedr Pontsteffan) [1778 i.•1 1 905 G. E. Evans: 25 ], Brichard (tl 829, Cei-ne"vydd) [1 986 CER: 1 0.325]. The unvoicing of Britsie(r)d � *Pritsie(r)d is not otherwise attested, but is unsurprising (and perhaps in this case i.'1fluenced by the sn. Pritchard). However the attestation of the name as early as c. 1 600, without the initial (of which the a vesseL cf \Vith

form of 1 80 8 is doubtlessly derived) makes me believe that this name is derived from an English term similar to pitcher 'iron bar used to make holes' [GPC

P\v!lhae �(SN

1 78-460)(pwll + E. sn. Hay ? ] ;

Femystrete

1 268 Longleat 1.1S

[.!6pL-i'aj

s.v. pitsiar] .

1 994 1\A. W. Jones p. l 1 4,

624, 'Fenny Street'

1 268

pu:i'haj

D. Davies]

in 1 99 1 R.A. Griffiths p. l l 2,

[L] uteis

Vennystretes ? 1 300 in 1 983 CER vol. 9 p.336, Le Pool Hay 1 598/99 M.Richardson MSS p. 3 3 1 , Pole Hay 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, Poul Haye 1 626 Cross\vood 1\t!S S, Pool Hai 1 63 5 M ..Richardson MSS p. 332,

Poole Hay 1 6 53 Coedmor lVlS 1 30, 'upper end' Pool-hay 1 700 Ty-lhvyd 1\tiSS, (c) Park Pwll Hay 1 767 Coedmor l\1S 523 , Pwllhaidd als. Pwllhay 1 77 1 Nantgvvyllt }..1SS 2/260, Pwll Hai 1 83 0 in 1 947 R.EdvJards p. 3 5 , Pwllhay 1 83 0PR A.berteifi, Pwllhai 1 83 3PR Abertedi, Pwllhaidd 1 83 4map J.\Vood,

Pwllhai Street 1 83 7PR Aberteift, Pwllau c. 1 902 E . R. Horsfall-Turner p. 1 72, Pwllhai OS 1 904, ym Mhwll Hai 1 97 1 M.E.James p.23 The medieval

Pwllhae

'Venny Street'

( (-- E.

fenny

'dirty. muddy, ro..arshy') may refer to

lvfwldan

or to

Pwllhae.

named after " . . . a large pool of water, serving to a considerable extent as a defensive moat

[1 990 \V. J. Leviis: 5] . The English surr.ame is attested in the persons of William in 1 1 3 6 [ 1 952 T. Jones: 176] , and Johem de !a Hey who lived at Aberyst'.vyth in 1 3 06 (Ext : I 07] . One of these, or a relation, might well have given their surname to this place (the surname - ill all likelihood - origi.rmlly derives from the borough of Hay (Brees.) [DES: 222]). The surname was still fou..fld in the 1 840s in Newcastle Emlyn (Carms.) in the person of Nancy Hay, or in Welsh Hai [ 1 905 E. Davies: 65] . Another possibility is that hae represents the common-noun hay 'an enclosed plot of land', as found in The Hays (Cardiff, Glaros.) [ 1 926 D. R. Paterson: 26, 40]. Note the local realisation of .�.P>.vllclai (55-a) - the similarity of which is most likely only coincidental. Rhos-fach -(SN 1 68 -472)[rhos + bach] ; [ .!6ro:s ' va : x 1 994 M W. Jones p. 1 1 4] outside the eastern wall. "

fitz Hai,

who fought the Welsh at Aberteifi

Rhos 1 833PR Aberteifi, R.l-tos Trebared, Rhos Trebared 1 83 9Tl\1S Aberteifi, Rhos-:ffich O S 1 891

Rhos�isa �(SN

1 8 1 -467)[rhos + isaf];

Rhos isaf 1 83 9TMS 1-i._berteifi. Rhos ucha (prox. ) 1 990 \V.J. Lewis p. l 5 This seems t o refer to the lower part of .l?hos Tre Aberteifi (1-b). Rhydfuwch -(SN 1 92-460)[rhyd + y + buwch] ; [�ri:d�'VIWX 1 994 M W. Jones p. l l 3] R..lteed Vuch 1 760map E.Bowen, R..lJ.yd-y-f)wch 1 8 1 6PR A.berteifi, Rhyd-y-flJwch O S 1 834, Rhydyfwich 1 83 8Th1S Llangoedmor, Rhyd'y-fiwch 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi

Saint Mary -(SN 1 80-460)(E. sai.t1t

+ f pn. Mary];

[a'reglus, sent'm�ri:s

p. c. M. W. Jones,

sejnt'meriz

D.

Davies]

(ec)

Cardigan 1 1 1 5-3 0 in 1 946b J.C.Davies p.249, (ec) Sancte Marie de Cardygan > 1 1 95 ( 1 424) CalPatR

p.258, Sancte l\1arie de Cardigan > 1 1 95( 1 424) CalPR p. 522, S. Mar; 1 6 1 Omap J. Speed, St.Mar; 1 76 1 Bronv\-ydd MSS, Saint J\1arjs O S 1 834, EghV'JS Fair Aberteifi 1 974 D.\lf. Thomas p. l l 5, EghV'JS Santes Fair Forwyn 1 990 W.J.Lewis p. 8,

(c) Pwll y Gloch

(SN 1 80-459) 1 990 W. J. Lewis pp.63, 8 1

10

(1) IS-COED Dedicated to Mar; [ 1 808 S. R. J\1eyrick: 1 73, 1 833 1 1 65 [ 1 991 R A Griffiths : 1 03] . W.

J.

Saint Mary

s. Le\vis (1 850 edn): 1 . 1 62] . First reference to Saint A1ary in

was the parish church since at least the thirteenth century [ 1 990

Lewis : 8] ; see Heolfair (1-c). S. R Meyrick said [ 1 808: 1 76] that Welsh

Aberteifi,

l-vfaethaearn

saint1vfa ethaearn v.;as buried at [1 3thcent.(l502-

seems to be a garbled from of 1'v1arthaenm found in Cogn. Brych.an

55): 1 8] on \vhich P. C. Bartrum [ 1 966: 1 3 1 ] says "seems to be fictitious", possibly to be read "Merthyr

Rhun in Cyfeiliog". \\'hatever source S . R �1eyrick had, rnay \vel! have misunderstood an original

Cardigan

as the tovvn of Aberteifi rather than the countr;

329] ; reb. l 703

[ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 329] ;

Ceredigion.

Church b. 1 63 9 [ 1 8 1 3

G.

Nicholson:

tower fell in 1 705, partly reb. l 7l l (or 1 71 2), fLnished by 1 748 [ 1 81 3

G . Nicholson: 329; c. l 902 E . R . Horsfall-TtL111er: 1 79, 1 990 W . J . Lewis: 8]; reb. 1 702-03 [ 1 808 S. R . Meyrick: 1 73 ] . Siael Aberteifi -(SN (ii)l 78-463)[siael + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)] ; [�'bkap (i), Ja:!�'dre: (iii) D. Davies] The Gaol als. Penitentiary-House 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, The Jail 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson

p.327,

Cardigan Gaol 1 824PR Aberteifi, Old Gaol (i), Jail (iii) 1 834w..ap J.Wood, Old Jail (i) Jail (iii) 1 83 4arrm.p J.Wood, Jel Aberteifi (Ysgubor-y-coed dialect) 1 800Yz

in

1 98 1 Papur Pawb n. 67, Cardigan Gaol 1 860 i...11

1 9 1 6 TS 30/06/1 6, The Lockup (i) 1 895 TS 20/09/95, Jal Aberteifi (Llandysul dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies p.237, The Cardigan County Gaol

(iii) 1 898 TS 2 1 /1 0/98, Loc Ip

(i) (Glynharthen dialect) 1 9 1 1 Cymru

vol.43 p . 25, Lock Up (i) 1 983 TS 1 4/01 /83 i) SN 1 77�46 1 . on site of

Woolworth

L"'l existence, perhaps, by 1 650 [ 1 990 \V. J. Lewis

[ 1 983 TS 1 4/0 1 183 ] ;

p.27 ] .

ii)

S N 1 78-464. O n site o f Poorhouse ( 1 -a). b. 1 773 .

iii) SN 1 78-463. On site of present-day Belmont,

Stanley House, Bingham House

[ 1 898 TS 21/10/98] .

b. 1 793-97 [ 1 808 S. R. Meyrick: 8 1 , 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. C ardigan; 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 327; 1 968 A E. Davies : 14; 1 990 Lev,ris: 27]; it had a chapel [ 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan] ; dest. 1 885, used to fill 1 4/0 1 /83 ; 1 990 W. J. Lewis: 28], cf

Sir-hru -(SN

1 77-459)[E. shirehall] ;

Pensarnau (1-b). [ RS'Ji:r'ha:l (Cei-newydd)

Pwll Pensamau

W. J.

[ 1 983 TS

1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 608]

The TO\vn Hall 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan, To\\'Il Hall 1 83 4w.ap J.Wood, The Shire Hall 1 900 TS 20/04/00, Shir Hal (Glynharthen dialect) 1 9 1 1 Cymru vo1. 4 1 p. l l 6, Shire Hall 1 934a J.J.Gl.Davies p. 608, Old Shire Hall 1 990 \V. J.Lewis p . 64, The S l1ire Hall, 'then called' The Tovm HalL 'or on occasion' The Guild Hall 1 990 W. J.Lewis p. l 4

Abertei;fi

was recognised a s the 'county town' o f Cardiganshire [ 1 81 1 N . Carlisle s.v. Cardigan] . A town hall

was noted as far back as 1 69 1 [ 1 907 E. R. Pritchard: 201 ] . The old shire hall was built near the space where formerly stood the market cross [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 1 73 ] , reb. l 763-64, assizes held here until 1 889 [ 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan; 1 990

W. J.

Lewis: 1 7] , the shop

Vernon Smith

now occupies this building [inf. D.

Davies] . In 1 85 7--60 the Sir-hal was removed to the site of Ysgolrad (1 -a); cf [ 1 734 Bronwydd MSS] ; tn.

Siral

(SN 26-38, Cenarfr.., Canns.),

Tyr y Shirhall

(Mcrs.) near the shire hall stood Tanrhol [ 1 968 R. T. Jenki.."lS : 77] . Spring Garden -(SN 1 8 8-47 1 ) [E. spring + garden] ;

Shyr liall vach (unloc., Fenvig)

[ 1 592 M.Richardson MSS: 4 1 9] ; in Bala

Spring Garden OS 1 904. Upper Spring Gardens, Lower Spring Gardens 1 990 \N.J.Lewis p . 89 b. bet. 1 89 1 - 1 904 (OS1 89 1 ; OS1 904) .

Step-seid -(SN

1 78-472)[E. step + aside] ;

[step'sajd

T. S. Morris]

Stepaside 1 76 1 Bromvydd MSS , Stepside 1 8 1 4PR Aberteifi, Topside 1 827PR Aberteifi, Tap Side OS 1 834, Tape Side 1 83 3 PR Ferwig, Step-aside 1 83 9TJVIS Aberteifi, Stepside Farm + Cottage O S 1 891 See Llyn-y-felin ( 1 -a), cf

Tabemaci -(SN

Staylittle (74-a).

1 78-462) [tabernacl] ;

Aberteivi (Tabemacl) c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner p.277, Ch OS 1 982, Y Tabernacl l 989 TS 03/02/89 b. l 760 [ 1 85 1 Rel.cens. : 474; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 990 W.

J. Lewis: 32; 1 983 D. Jenkins: 1 3 ] ; reb. 1 776, J. Le\vis: 32]; b. 1 807, ren. 1 864 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 50]; denom. ClVl. Tanerdy -(SN 1 77�462) [tanerdy] ; [a.T tan'erdi, �tan'erdi, d�jlan'erdi (desc.), E. ��·tan�z D. Davies, E . tan;Jri p . c . M. W. Jones] reb. l 83 2 [ 1 990 W.

The Tanhowse 1 584/8 5 Nouadd MSS, The Cardigan Tanyard 1 873 TS 1 1/07/73 , Tannery (disused) OS 1 890 in 1 990 \V. J.Lewis p. 88, Tanyard als. The Tannery 1 904 Nantgwyllt MS S 2/1 88 Near ��1elin Aberteifi ( 1 -a) [ 1 990 \V.

Tegfryn -(SN

J. Lewis: 82] ; see Pont-y-fH'CH!Y ( l�b).

1 76- 475)[teg + bryn] ;

Tegfryn OS 1 982

Trebared -(SN

1 74-475)[tir + y + E. sn. Barrett]; [tre'bared L.\Villiams, D. Davies]

11

(1) IS-COED (c) Pellen y Bared ? 1 5 7 1 /72 Kyle J\.18 8, (c) Perllen y Barret (prox. , outside town walls) ? 1 5 80/8 1 Kyle M-.S S, Tyr Barrat 1 61 4 Crosswood MSS, (c) Berllan y Barrett ? 1 666 Colby MS 69, (c) Park Berllan y Barrett ? 1 7 1 5 Colby MS 72, Tir Barred > 1 774 Gogerddan MS8 box D 1 , (c) Park Berllan Barret ? c. 1 775 "Manordeifi MSS p. 9, Tyrybaret 'in town of Cardigan' 1 78 1 Ty-lhV';d MS S , Tre Barred 008 1 8 1 4, Tre­ bared OS 1 834, Trebared 1 832PR Llandyg'-\'Y

Tregibi ( 1-a). Named, doubtlessly after the family attested Heylot Baret, Ricardus Baret [1 268 Longleat 1'.1S 624] , Johanes Baret [ 1 328�29 in Suppl.AC: clxxii] ; John Baret [ 1 395196 Nouadd MSS: 1 . 67] , citizen(s) of Aberteifi; "Barrett was a well-known name Lll the south of the county [of Pembrokeshire] . " [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 82] ; cf Cwmbared (1-a); lm. Barred (SN 98-86, I\1onts.) [ 1 9 85 G. G. Evans: 82] . Trecyfft -(SN 1 93-465)[tir + y + E. sn. *Kyft] ; [tre'kift D. Davies] The term tir was reanalysed as tref by 1 8 1 4, cf in the person(s) ofAda Baret,

Tir y Cifft > 1 774 Gogerddan M88 box D 1 , Tyrykiffe 1 803 Derry Ormond MS8, Trecift 008 1 8 1 4, Trecift 0 8 1 834, Tregifft (Tregrifft) 1 86 8 B .Williams p. 24 1 , Tre-cift O S 1 89 1 , Tre-cifft 08c. 1 95 0 The term

tir

vva s reanalysed a s

tref b y

1 8 1 4, c f

Tregibi ( 1 -a).

The othenvise obscure term c;jft has

nothing to do with cy.ff 'tree-stump', but is derived from a surname the thL.rteenth century [ 1 268 Longleat :tv1S

624].

Walterus Kyft

attested in Aberteifi in

The surr1a.1ne, \vhich is lL.\:ely to have been English, is not

otherwise knovm.

Tregibi -(SN 1 82-473) [tir + y + E. sn. Gibby] ; [tre'gibi L. Williaw..s] Terr u Gybby 1 59 1 Nouadd MS S, Tir y Giby 1 602 G. Owen vol. 4 p. 475, Tyr y Gyby 1 632 Nouadd MS S, Cibbiland 1 63 3 Ty-llwyd �.1SS, Gibiland 1 63 5 Bronwydd J\.1SS, Tir y Gibby 1 643 Nouadd MS8 , Tregibbye c. 1 647 Picton Castle J\.18 8, Tregibbie 1 653PR Aberteifi, Gibbiland 1 653 Coedmor J\1S 1 30, Tregibby 1 65 3 in \VGaz. 1 902 1 1 7, Terragibby 1 657/58 Crosswood J\.188, Tirgibby 1 666 Hav.EE\V MS 8, Tregibby c. 1 700 in 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p.475, Tir Gibbie 1 7 1 6 Ty-lhvyd MS S, Tregibby 1 760CF, Tregibi >1 774 Gogerddan M.S S box D 1 , Tregibby als. Gibby 1 803 Derry Ormond MSS, Tregiby 1 8 1 3PR Llangoedmor, Tregiby OOS 1 8 1 4, Tregiby 1 83 4PR Aberteifi, Tre Gybi 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Tre-giby 0 8 1 89 1 , Tregibby Farm O S 1 982 The term tir was reanalysed as tref by the n1id seventeenth centur;, cf

Trebared (1-a), Trecy.fft (1-a). R A. [ 1 972: 419, 421-22, 424] John Gyby and Philip Gyby as reeves of Aberteifi in 1 3 76. T. J. & P. l\1organ [1985: 76] are undubitably VvTong to attribute this place-rill-me to the Welsh saint Cybi. Trwynra!lt -(SN 1 73 -480) [tnvyn + yr + alit] ; [trujn�r'aH L. Williams] Griffiths notes

Trwyn yr Alit 1 779 Bronwydd MSS, Trwinirallt 1 78 8 Bronwydd MSS, Trwyn�'r�allt OS 1 8 3 4, Tnvyn-yr }Jlt 1 839TM8 Aberteif� To-yr-allt (sic) 08 1 89 1 , Trv.yn�J-T-allt O S 1 904 \Vith this name the local topography makes it clear that alit refers to a

'hill', and not to a 'wood'.

Ty-hagr -(8N (ii)l 98-470) [ty + hagr] ; Tythyn Hen Hagv.')'f ? 1 63 0 Nouadd 1\tf --SS, from Dd\\'Y Hagar House 1 7 1 6 Ty-!hvyd �ASS , Tyhagar c. 1 800map Crugmor, Tyhagar 1 83 5PR Llangoedmor, Ty Hagard, Ty Hagar 1 838TJ\.1S Llangoedmor, Ty-hagar 1 83 9Th18 Aberteifl, Ty-hagar 0 8 1 89 1 , Glantegfan 08 1 982 i) 8N 200-467. c. 1 800, 1 834. ii) SN 1 98-470. c. l 800, 1 89 1 .

Ty-hen -(SN 1 92-489) [ty + hen]; Ty Hen 1 609/ 1 0 "'1\'"berglasney �AS 87, Ty Hen 1 787sur rnap, Tyhir (sic) OOS 1 8 1 4, Ty-hen O S 1 834, Ty­ hen 08c. 1 95 0

Ty'riet(i) - ( S N 1 99-479)(Glanllynnan)[tY + y r + iet] ; [ .esti:r'jet 1 994 M . W. Jones p. l l 4] Ty'r Yet 1 83 6PR Ferwig, Tre-iet 08 1 89 1 , Ty'r-iet OS 1 904

Ty'riet(ii) -(SN 2 0 1 -47 1 )(Banc-y-warin) [ty + yr + iet]; Tyryet c. 1 800map Crugmor

Ty-newydd -(8N 1 88-472)[tY + newydd] ; Ty newydd > 1 774 Gogerddan lVISS box D 1 , Tynewydd 1 825PR Fenvig, Ty-nev.'Ydd 1 83 9TMS Aberteifi, Ty-ne\\'Ydd OS 1 89 1 , Tyne\\'Ydd Capel 1 9 1 9 John Francis �1S8 vo1.2 p. 98

Ty=rhos -(SN 1 93-492)[tY + yr + rhos] ; Ty Rhos cott 1 787sur map, Ty�rhos 08 1 89 1

Warin-isa -(SN 202-476)[y + gwarin ( + isaf)] ; Warring 1 820PR Ferwig, \Varren OS 1 834, Warren-isaf O S 1 89 1 , Warren Farm OS 1 982 Cf

Warin-ucha (3-a).

12

( 1 ) IS-COED Ysgol Aberteifi -(SN (iii)1 8 0�462)[ysgol + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)] ; [W. ISk:ll'm:lrgans, E. 1 1 97(1 424) CalPR p. 258, (ec) Sancti Petroci de Bern,yk 'cum capellis suis' > 1 1 97( 1 428) Ca1PR p. 522, Bere\,yye 1 268 Longleat MS 624, (ec) Berwic > 1 27 1 ( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Benvik 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Berewick 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p.273 , Ben,yyk 1 406 ERSt�David p. 346, Sancti Petroci de Berwyke 1 428 in 1 904 E.Pritchard p. 1 47, Y Venvic ±1. 1 470 DafNantmor p. 1 5, Sci Petroci de Verwicke 1 5 1 3 ERSt-David p. 802, Verwicke 1 5 1 7 ERSt-David p. 826, Varwyke, Berwike 1 53 5 VE p. 393, 'rectoria' Barvvyke 1 53 7-3 8 in 1 894 E. Owen p. 45, Verwike 1 5 5 3 Nouadd MS S, Ven.vig

Y Ferwic c. 1 566EPC, Venvick 1 574 Bronwydd l\1SS, Vervvyk 1 585/86 Y Fenvig c. l 600 L.Dvvtln vol. l p. 62, Barwicke als. Benvigge 1 609 in 1 904 E.MPritch.ard p. 9 1 , Wenvick 1 676 F . C.Winchester (Hove) MS S , o Venvig 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Y Fenvic c. 1 757 L.Morris p. l 77, Werwick 1 765rnap E.Bowen et a/. , Vonvick 1 766 Trant 1\lf ..S S p. 7, Venvick als. Berwick 1 5 5 8 in 1 93 7 E.A.Lewis,

Nouadd MSS ,

1 776 CD, of Verwig 1 778PR Llandydoch, Plvvyv y Venvig 1 799EPC, Fenvic 1 803map J. Singer, Venvic 1 808 S .RJ\.1eyrick p.205, Ferwig 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Ferwig, Verwig OOS 1 8 1 4, Venvick Village 1 829PR Ferwig, Verwig 05 1 83 4, Verwig I 83 8TMS, Verwic

(Y Ferwig)

1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 2

p.41 8, Verwick, St. Petrog's Ch. (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Ferwig 1 966 D . I. Jones p . 77

Ferwig's name must be compared to : Berwig (SS 54-98, Llanelli, Carms.), 'manor' Vwrwig [ 1 55 1 Coleman lvt:S 1 78); 1\./faynor Vorwick [ 1 552 Coleman MS 1 79] , Y Ferwig [ 1 938 R. J. Thomas: 1 89) ; Y Berwig (filinera, Flints.) [ 1 93 8 R . J . Thomas: 1 89]; Ystrad Barl•;ig (ST 07=84, Llantwit Faerdre, Glams.); ...T?.hydfenvig ( 1 9-a), which he thought referred to a lm. Benvig. On all these names R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 89] questions ".Ai'r Saesneg bere1-vick 'barley-wick, grange' a geir . . . hwyrach n1ai Cymraeg yv.; rhai ohonynt o ran tarddiad (? � ber, ffurf fenywaidd byr, + gwig 'coed', neu'r enw berw 'geinv', + -ig). " A writer in AC [ 1 860: 58] also suggested 'the short cove' - with the uncomn10n element gwdg 'creek') as Ferwig's meaning (but it does not suit Fenvig \Vhich lies 2km from the nearest coastline, and could not be applied at all to Rlzydferwig (1 9�a) or any names away from the sea). Tl-is place was formerly famous for growing barley, whence the name [inf ] . 1\1any of these places (including this

Fenvig)

were i n areas that fell early under Anglo-French dornination,

and it is likely that the origin of these names are the same as the common English topony'ffiS Benvick. The lePition of the name ( which

is

attested i..r1 this name i..11 the late frfteenth century) is probably due to

equation of -wick with the feminine noun W.

gwig 'wood',

as well as to the feminine sound of Ber-. There

is

some variation in the name of the patron-saint, who is either: 1 ) Saint Peter (\V. Pedr) (see supra th > 1 1 97), cf B1ynpedr (2-a), Melinbedr (2-a); or 2) Pedrog (see supra 1 2 cent. , 1 428, 1 5 1 3) ; the poet

Pedroc in connection with Tywyn (2-a), as does Levvys Glyncothi of 'Pedrog Llan Dyvrrog which parish is in not far from Ferwig. P. 6

Dafydd Nantmor [fl.1 470: 1 7] mentions [fl. l 485c: 2 1 6; f1. 1 485d: 1 95 ] who talks

Riain [ 1 994: 3 95] demonstrates convi..11cingly that the two names can be reconciled: " The saint's name derives from

*Petracus,

a local variant of Petnts (from Petr,

Pedr)

'Peter' v.rith dimi.."tJutive suffix. . . . This

means in effect that we are dealing once more with an original cult of St. Peter. In Cornwall, for instance, 'S. Pedyr's \Veil' and a 'chapel dedicated to St Pedyr' were located on lat1ds belonging to St Petroc's monastery. Similarly, in the Martyrology of Tallaght under 4 June, Pedrog's day, mention is made of a certain 'Peter'. " The equation of Pedrog to

Pedr is

feasible, though it must be said that it seerns to be the

Pedran (see Llodre-Pedran, e) , viz. Pereg and Peran [ 1 909 J. Loth: 284]) .

only Latin personal-name to which Brittonic suffixes were added, cf. pn. (Breto n also has eY.act cognates to these v.vo personal-names,

However any scepticism due to the scarcity o f Celtic suffixes appended to Latin personal-names may be dispelled

if we

Per) is one of the few names of Latin origin in Brittonic that is A1aria, and Paul � L. Paulus the latter having given Llanbeulan Pedrog ab Clement Cernyw by S . R �v1eyrick [ 1 808: 205], and, indeed, Saint

remember that

monosyllabic, others are A1air (Angl.). He is specified as

Pedr �

(B.

L.

�

Petroc of Padstow was one of the most celebrated Cornish saints, whose feast-day was on the fourth of June [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 394] . In Wales he is also commemorated at Llanbedrog (Caems.) and at Saint Petrox (Pembs.); see 1 868 B. Williams p. 1 1 0. The church reb. l 85 3 , on the site of a previous erection which bore the date 1 627 [ c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner p . l 47] . Comprising: 1 ) Gamwen, 2) Glandv.T, 3) Heoleglv'vys, 4) Maencoch, 5) Siloa.'ll, 6) Tanerdy, 7) Ysgol Ferwig.

Ffynnonbedr -(SN 233 -496)[ffyi1non + pn.

Pedr] ;

Treneved-bella ? 1 778 Ty-llwyd MS S, Treferedd bella ? 1 794PR Tremain, Peterwell OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffynnon Pedr O S 1 834, Treveredd-bellaf 1 83 8TI/I:S

As this was in Tremain parish, it is probably not connected to the dedication of (�/. Pedr). LL1J'ter the abandon.'Tient of this site in the ni.'l.eteenth century, its alias Treferedd-bella was given to a new building built in the nineteenth century, see sub Treferedd-bella (2-a).

Inexistent (OS1 89 1] .

Fenvig

parish church to Saint Peter

22

(2) IS�COED Ffynnoncyff -(SN 1 94-5 05)(ffynnon + y + cyft] ; [f�n:m'ki:f, f�n�:o'ki:f L. Willian1s] Ffynnon Gyff >l 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Fi'Jnnon Cyff 1 787sur map, Ffynon Kyf c. l 795 Coedmor �/IS 546, Fynnawn Cyff 1 803map J. Singer, Ffynnoncieff OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffynnoncyff 1 824PR Ferwig, Ffynnon-cyff O S 1 834, Ffyr1non-c5rff OS 1 904 The burden of cy.ff 'tree-stump' is not particularly clear to me in this place, but for the theory of land cleared of trees for reasons other than to aid agriculture, see Bryncipyll (38-a). The explanation given by a writer in AC [ 1 860: 61 ] that Ffynnonc}ffmeant 'a redundant, or stock well', is worthy of consideration, cf the common E.tn Stockwell (Surrey, Heres., Gloucs.) composed v.rith OE. stocc 'tree-stump' [ 1 956 EPNE: 2 . 1 56] . I suppose the idea of 'redundant' depends on a figurative equation of a tree-stump with the concept of 'remains'. For the Surrey Stoc/nvel!, however, E. Ekwall [ 1 960 ODEPN: 444] gives a rather - on the face of it - complicated meaning: 'stream with a foot-bridge consisting of a tree-trunk'. It seems simpler to understand trJs place-name as 'the well of the tree-stump'; cf Cyffionos ( 1 8-a), Llannerchcyffion (78-b), Ffjmnon-y-cyjj(Flints.) [ 1 99 3 K. Ll. GruflYdd: 1 5 ] . Ffynnongarreg -(SN 226-508)[ffynnon + y + carreg] ; Ffynnon Garreg cot.e 1 83 8Tl\.1S Ffynnongrog -(SN 201 - 5 1 3)[ffyn..'lon + y + crog] ; [f�n�n'gro:g, fm�u'gro:g L. \Villiams] Ffymton y Grog 1 725 Lucas MS 4,2 1 6, Ffynon y Groge c. l 795 Coedmor M� 546, Ffynnon-grog OS 1 834, Ffynon Grog 1 847TMS Ffynnonwen -(SN 232-492)[f:fyn..'lon + gwen] ; [f�n�n'wen L. Williams] Ffynnon \Ven > 1 774 Gogerddan :MSS box D 1 , Ffynonwen 1 794PR Tremain, FfYnnonwen OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffyn.llon-wen OS 1 834, Ff)rnnon Owen (sic) 1 954 F.Jones p. l 59 This well cured agues [ 1 860 AC : 5 9] . Garnwen -(SN 1 8 1 -497)[y + earn + gwen] ; Garnwen OS 1 982 Garth -(SN 229-486)[garth] ; Garth OS 1 982 Gelli-our -(SN 2 1 2-496)[tn. Gelli-our (E. Goldengrove, Llaro.fiJlar1gel Aberbyt..hych, Carrns.)] ; Gelli Oer 1 764PR Tremain, Gellyour 1 780 Ty-llwyd J\1SS, Gelly 1 799PR Tremain, Gellyoir OOS 1 8 1 4 Gla..�d"Wr -(SN 1 84-496)[glan + y + dv>'IL Glandwr 1 822PR Ferwig, Glandwr 1 83 2PR Ferwig, Glandwr cot.e 1 838TMS, Llain-dWt- OS 1 891 Glasfryn -(SN 220-503) [glas + bryn] ; [glasvrm D. T. Jones] Glasfryn OS 1 98 2 Gorwelfor -(SN 1 64-501 ) [gorwel + mor]; GoPNel For OS 1 982 Graig -(SN 202-5 1 5)[y + craig] ; [grajg L. \Villiams] Craig c. 1 795 Coedmor J\.1S 546, Graig Farm OOS 1 8 1 4, Graig O S 1 834, C--raig 1 847Tl\.1S, Craig-y-Mount OS 1 89 1 , Craig-y-J\.1wnt OS 1 904, Y C--raig 1 993 Gambo n. l 07 Greenore -(SN 237-489)[I.tn. Greenore (Co. Wexford)] ; [gri:n'o:r L. Williams] Green Ore OS 1 89 1 , Greenore 0Sc. l 950 Gwacha!dagu -(SN 1 7 1 =490)[gochel + tagu]; [gwazal'dagi L. \Villiams] Gwachal-dagu, (c) Well (prox.) OS 1 89 1 C f Gwachal-tagy (Roche) ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 623] . Gwaunge!od -(SN 1 68-485)[gwaun + y + gelod]; [ wejn'gebd L. \Villian1s] y [= i] Weyn y Gerod c. l 600 Egerton J\.1S 1 58 6 p.76, \Vyne y Gelod 1 779 Bronwydd M..SS , \Vaynygelod 1 788 Bromvydd MSS, Waunygelod OOS 1 8 1 4, Wineygelod 1 81 7PR Llangoedmor, Wayngelod 1 826PR Fenvig, Waun-y-gelod OS 1 834, Waungelod 1 83 8TMS GWBERT -(SN 1 60-500)[E. sn. ? ] ; [gubart L. Williams] Pant y Gilbert ? 1 697 Nouadd J\.1SS, Pant y Gilbert ? 1 748 J\1.Richardson J\.1S S p.434, Gwbert 1 748map L.J\1orris, Gwbert O S 1 834, Goobert 1 83 8TIAS, Gwbert-otl=the-Sea 1 890 TS 04/07/90, o'r Gwbert 1 9 1 6 Geninen vol.3 4 p. 1 74, Gwesty'r Cliff 1 980 '..V.R.Evans p. l Ol , Cliff Hotel OS 1 982, Gwbert-on-sea 1 990 W. J.Lewis p. 1 43 The present form is similar to the E. sn. Godbert [DES: 1 94] (the name is not more particularly 'Fle!Pish' than French, pace [ 1 906 H. Owen: 3.343]), though if Pant y Gilbert (wbich 'Nas in Ferwig parish [ 1 697 Nouadd MSS], or Aberteifi and Llangoedmor parishes [ 1 748 M:. Richardson !'.1SS: 434]) is to be identified with this 23

(2) IS-COED name, we have lost the referent, and the name

Gilbert has become mixed with Godbert (DES [1 89�90, 1 96] in fact be derived from Goldbard). A Philippus Gilbert was a burgess of Aberteifi in the thirteenth century [ 1 268 Longleat MS 624] . The William Povey Cuthbert of Aberteifi [1784 Bromvydd MSS] is probably too late to account for this place-name. The proposal of Gwbert as a sea resort first given in 1 886 [ 1 986 TS 1 5/08/86], in 1 890 Nrrs. Evelyn �1organ-Richardson of Nouaddwilym (3-a) opened the extension to the old UL'l at Gwbert which becatne the CliffHotel [ 1986 TS 22/08/86). Comprising: 1 ) Berm16r, 2) Brynteifi, 3) Dolwylan, 4) Evelyn Terrace, 5) Gorwelfor, 6) Gwbert, 7) High F_avens, 8) Hillcrest, 9) Ta..11-y-bryn, 1 0) T)"vyn. Gwelfor -(SN l 66-499)[gwel + morJ ; [gwelv:>r L. Williaw...s] suggests that

Gilbard,

a variant of Gilbert, tr�y

Gwelfor OS 1 982

Gwn::h\rn-bach -(SN 1 73-483)[gwnd\-vn + bach] ; G\-vndwn-bach 1 8 1 8PR Fen.vig, Gwnd\-vn-bach cote 1 83 8TW�

Hafandawel -(SN

1 65-485) [hafan + tawel] ;

Hafen Dawel OS 1 982

Hafod �(SN

[hav:ld, (c) baQk�'hrav:ld (prox.) L.

1 80-503 )[hafod];

\Villiams]

Hafod OOS 1 8 1 4, Hafod OS 1 83 4

Hafod-fach - ( S N 1 85-500)[b.afod (+ bach)] ; [hav:>d'va:z L.

Williaw...s ]

Hafod fach 1 834PR Ferwig, Hafod-fiich O S 1 891

The Haven

=(SN 1 65-485)[E. the + haven] ;

The Haven OS 1 982

Hawthorn Grange -(SN 207-486)[E.

ha\vthom + grange] ;

Ha\vthorn Grange OS 1 982

Heolc\m

-(SN 1 86-499)[heol

+ y + c\\rn] ; [he:ll ku:n '

Heol y Cwm 1 68 9 Ty-llwyd MSS, Heol y

L. \Villiams]

c,vn

1 764 M.Richardson MSS p.438, Heolycwm 1 803map

I Singer, Heolycwn O O S 1 8 1 4, Heol-y-c\vn OS 1 834, Heolcwn 1 83 8TMS, Heol-y-cW!l OS 1 89 1

Heolc\Vn-fach -(SN 1 85-499)[heol + y + cvm (+ bach)] ; [he:l!kun'va:z L. \Villiams] Heol-gvm-fach 1 832PR Ferwig, Heolcvm-fach 1 838Tl\.1S , Heol-y�c\-vn=ffich O S 1 89 1 Heoleglwys -(SN 1 82-496)[heol + yr + eglwys] ; [he:>l'eg lujs, now ag':>rva, glasvrm, + kartre L .

Williams]

Heol yr Eglwys 1 646 Nouadd l\1SS, Heoll yr Eghvys 1 720 Nouadd 1\1S S, HeoleghNs 1 8 1 6PR Fen.vig, Heol yr Eglwys 1 83 8TMS

Heol=y=feiin -(SN 2 1 1 -48 1 ) [heol + y + melill]; (cl 6) Llai.11 Voidir-dywill 1 777map Canllefas-ganol, Heol-y-felin O S 1 982 A housing estate; refers to Felin-fa.ch (2-a). Heolgwyddyl-fach -(SN 1 87-495)[heol + y + gv.yddel (+ bach)] ; Tyr bach Heol y Gv.yddil 1 646 Nouadd M � S, Heol'y G\-\yddil fach 1 83 8 Tl\1S, Heol-y-gV\.yddel-fiich O S 1 89 1 , Heol-gv.yddil-ffich OS 1 904

Heolgwyddyl-fawr -(SN (ii)1 80-495)[heol + y + gwyddel (+ 111.awr)] ; [he:>l'gwil'la:s L . Williams, he:>las'vowr L . Willia111...s] Heol Las 1 70 8 Nouadd �1SS, Tyr yr Heol Las 1 724 Aberglasney l\AS 1 26, Heolas 1 743-45

Nouadd

:MS S, Heol-las fawr > 1 774 Gogerddan MSS box D l , Hoellas OOS 1 8 1 4, Heolas 1 8 1 6PR Ferwig, Heel­ las fawr 1 825PR Ferwig, Heol=Jas OS 1 834, Heol-las-fawr 1 83 8 Tl\1S, Heol�las 0Sc. 1 95 0, OS 1 982

High Havens -(SN 1 64-502)[E. high + haveP.s] ; High Havens O S 1 982 Hil!crest(i) =(SN 206-485)(Penparc)[E. hill + crest] ;

24

Heolas

fawr

(2) IS�COED Hill Crest OS 1 982

HiUcrest(ii) -(SN 1 63 - 502)(Ty\vyn)[E. hill + crest]; Hillcrest OS 1 982

Kimberley �(SN 207-485)[E.tn. Ki�berley]; Y.Jmberley O S 1 98 2 There are Kimberleys in Norfolk, Notti.'lghamshire, and \Varwickshire [ 1 960 ODEPN: 276]. Laca-fac.h -(SN 1 92-49S)[E. lake (+ bach)] ; [iaka,rnjb'va: x L. Williams] Llacca yr \Vydd fach 1 787sur IP.ap, Llaca'r \vydd-fach 1 83 8TIAS, Llacca'rv.'Yddfach 1 83 9Th1S Aberteifl, Llaca-fiich OS 1 89 1 , Llacca-fiich OS 1 904

Laca=fa\\T -(SN 1 9 1 -494)[E. lake (+ ma\-vr)]; [laka R. Jones, L. \Villiams, 1 995 'vowr L. Williams]

l\.1. \V. Jones p. l l 4,

laka,ruj�

Llaga'r \Vydd 1 749 Coedmor JMS 536, Llacaynvydd OOS 1 8 14, Llacca Ynvydd 1 81 9PR Ferwig, Laca 1 827PR Ferwig, Llaca�rhv.'Ydd OS 1 834, Llaca'r Wyddfawr, Laca'r \Vydd fawr 1 83 8TMS, Tythin + Tybach 'but now called by the general name' Llackarwyddfaur 1 842 MRicr.ardson 1\-1SS p. 5 1 6, Llacca Rwydd 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Mount Pleasant Farm OS 1 8 9 1 , (pn. ) Dai Laca 1 974 D.W. Thomas p. 1 1 2, Lacca 1 984 Gambo

n

1 8, (pn.) Owen Lacca 1 990 W.J.Le\vi.s p . 82

llaca which means 'loose mud' [1 860 AC: 6 1 ] ; and this seems to suit gl1lydd 'goose', cf Waunbawgl'f:ydda 1 809 (G\vau.'l Pentir, Llanddeiniolen, Caems .) [ 1 952 D. Thomas: 50] . However, the pronunciation laka, rather than iaka ( cf Trellaca, 2-a), may point to this place originally bei..'1g named E. lake (OE. lacu 'stream'), which was "the usual term for a stream in Pembrokeshire where it is commonly found in place�names. It also occurs in GlamorgaP.shire. " [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 291 ], the stream in question being the tributary of the Ivfwldan (d) that descends from Laca, past Ty-hen (l =a) to CH'mbared (l�a)� cf Llec (80�b). Tb..is has obviously been interpreted as its coupling with

Llain �(SN 207-484)[llain.] ; Llain 1 836PR Ferwig, Llain O S 1 982

Llainbanc -(SN 21 0-489)[llaiil + y + bane] ; Llain y Bane 1 83 8TMS, Llainban.� 1 878 TS 1 4/06/78

Llain�y=brenin �(SN 2 1 9�500)[llain + y + brenin]; [lajn L. V/illiams] Llain F.m OOS 1 8 1 4, Llai.11 O S 1 834, Llain'y Brenhi11 1 83 8TMS, Llain O S 1 891

Llain-y-cwm -(SN 207-492)[11ai..fJ. + y + c\vm] ; Llain-y-cwm OS 1 904, Llain-y-cwm OS 1 982

L!aindeg -(SN 207-477)[llain + teg]; Llaindeag 1 8 1 8PR Llangoedrnor, (c203) Llandeg 1 83 8Th1S, Llain-deg O S 1 891

LlaLWidelyn -(SN 207-486)[llain + y + telyn]; Llaindelyn OS 1 982

Llainifor -(SN 208-478)[llain + pn. Ifor]; [1-ajn'iv:)r L. \Villiatr..s] Llain-ifor OS 1 891

Llain-y-mwnt -(SN 1 98-S07)[llain + tn. M\vnt (2-a)] ; [lajn�'mnnt L. Williams] Byros Mount Parish 1 83 0PR Ferwig, Burrows O S 1 834, Byrhos 1 83 2PR Ferwig, Llain ·Mount 1 83 6PR Ferwig, Llai.'l'y�mwnt 1 843TMS, Llain-y-mount O S 1 89 1 , Llai.'l-y=m\-vnt O S 1 904, Lain=y=m\-vnt OS 1 982 The meaning

Hirros

burrows 'sand dunes' is not appropriate for its location. It rr.ay stand for her + rhos

(SJ 04-08, Llanfair Caereinion., Monts.)

-

c£

in which case it refers to the bill behi.11d it (though we are

some\vhat disconcerted by the fact that there is no lenition or forms with

, e.g. *Ferros� cf. Burrows

Bwrws [OS 1 8 1 9] . Llainywen �(SN 1 87-496)[[llain + yr + ywent [4an'Iwen L. Williams] (SN 1 6-27, Llanglydwen., Canns.),

Llainowen 1 924-26 CSRLS 69

Lleinau -(SN 2 1 1 -S03)[lleiniau) ; [lejne L \Villiams]

Lleine 1 765PR Tremain, Lleine 1 780 Ty�llvv'Yd �..1SS, Lleh"liau OS 1 89 1 , Lleir.au OS 1 904 Lleinau�Preis -(SN 205-490)[lleiniau + \V-E.sn. Pryce] ; [lejne'prejs L. Williams] Llainau Pryse 1 829PR Fen¥ig, Lleinau Price 1 83 0PR Ferwig, Lleine Pryse 1 83 5PR Fenvig, Llai.fl)'Price + Ty Clottas 1 83 8 TJ\AS, Lleiniau-price O S 1 89 1 , Lleinau-price O S 1 904 The name is uPJikely to P..ave been established earlier than the mid eighteenth century, see sub Gogerddan (4-a); cf C11-'mpreis (1 -a).

Llwynce!yn -(SN 1 95-503)[lhvyn + y + celyn] ; [brm'ha:v (prox.), revel, injn'kelm L. Williarns]

25

Hen­

(2) IS-COED Llwyn-celyn OS 1 89 1

L!wynllwyd-fach -(SN 2703-49 1 )[llwyn + 11\;yyd (+ bach)] ; [mjniujd'va:z L . Williams, 1 995 M W . Jones p. 1 1 4] Lhvynllv;yd fach 1 83 8TMS, Lhvyn-llwyd-rach OS 1 89 1

Ll\\rynl!wyd-faWI· �(SN 200-487)[lh,vyn + llwyd (+ mawr)] ; [mjni-ujd'vnwr L . \X/illiams] Lloy[

]yod 1 600 Nouadd MS S, Plas y Llwyn Llwyd 'in Dyffryn Llynnan' 1 63 0 Nouadd MS S , Llwyn

Lh;yyd 1 787sur map, Llwynlh;yyd OOS 1 8 1 4, Llwyn-lh;yyd O S 1 8 3 4, Lh;yynlh;yyd issa 1 83 8TMS, Llwyn­ lh\'Yd O S 1 89 1

L!wynysgaw �(SN 2 1 8-5 1 4) [llwyn + ysgaw] ; (iujn'Iskaw L. \Xfillian1s] Llwynysgraw OOS 1 8 1 4, Llwyn-ysgaw OS 1 834, Llwynysgaw 1 834PR Ferwig, Lhvyn-yscaw 1 847Tl\1S

L!ys-newydd -(SN 234-48 8)[llys + ne\;yydd] ; Llys-newydd OS 1 982

L!ys�yr...ynys -(SN 1 65 - 504)[llys + yr + ynys] ; Llys-yr-ynys O S 1 982

Logyn -(SN 209-503)[halog + -yn] ; [bgm L. Williams] Logyn 1 803map J. Singer, Logyn 1 82 1 PR Fervvig, Logir1 O S 1 834, Y Logyn 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 1 8 The tn. Logyn usually refers to strearns, and here we assume to the tributary of the !J1wldan

Syfudryn (72-a). coch] ; [majn'ko:x, in gra.11dmother's ti..me, paJJ'ko:x,, pant'ko:x,,

(d) that flows

past and belmv this site; cf

Maencoch -(SN 1 84-497) [maen +

now av:ln'de:l

L. Williams]

Maen Coch 1 826PR Ferwig, :l\1aencoch + Ty'r Clochydd 1 83 8TIAS, J\lf _..aen-coch (P. O . ) OS 1 89 1 , Avondale O S 1 982

Maes-yr-awel -(SN 2 1 8-504) [w-aes + yr + awel] ; :Maes-yr-awel OS 1 982

Maes-y-fe!in -(SN 224-504)[maes + tn. Felin[wynt] (2-a)] ; Maes-y-felin OS 1 89 1

Melinbedr -(SN 1 76-486)[melin_ + pn. Pedr] ; [velm L . \Villiarns] Melin Beder 1 760CF, Metin Bedir 1 765map E. Bowen

et al. ,

Melin Peder > 1 774 Gogerddan MS S box

D l , Felin.beder OOS 1 8 1 4, �1elin Bedr 1 8 1 7PR Ferwig, Felm Pedr O S 1 834, Felin Bedr (Corn) O S 1 891 Saint Peter (V·!. Pedr) is the patron of Ferwig church.

Min�y�mor =(SN 1 66-484)[min + y + mor] ; Min-y-mor OS 1 982

Mwnt -(SN 1 94-520)[£. mount ] ; [eglus�'munt L. Willia._tTIS] lMownte 1 5 57 in > 1 76 1 E . Yardley p . 3 96, Y Grog or Mvmt c. l 566EPC, 'cl>.apel' �1ount 1 569 in 1 937 E.A.Lewis, Mounte 1 57 8map C. Saxton, Mm,vnte 1 5 8 8 EE\V l\.1SS , Tir y Ty in Mount 1 6 1 4 Nouadd 1\.1S S, 'free chapel' 1v1ounte 1 603=25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 96, Tyr y Vynwent (prox.) 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p . 97, The Mount c. l 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p.77, Plas Tir y Mount 1 725 Lucas MSS, Mount Church 1 760map E .Bowen, Mount 1 760CF, Plwyv y Grog o'r Mwnt 1 799EPC, Mount Church 1 808 S.R�.feyrick p. 1 7 1 , �1ount O OS 1 8 1 4, l\1ount, 'parish church' �1ount 1 8 1 8PR Mv·mt, l\1ount (l\1oel-y­ mvmt) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 85 0 edn) vol.2 p. 240, Holy Cross Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Eglv;ys y l\1wnt 1 904 J. Evans p . 3 1 6, Eglw's fach y �A:vvnt 1 990 i\._TD 3 09- 1 0

The late twelfth century mention of 'cum capellis suis' after the name o f the church o f Fenvig

CalPR: 258] is probably the earliest oblique mention of Mwnt. The name obviously refers to hill Moel-y-mwnt (2-a). Mwnt-bach -(SN 226- 5 1 4)[tn. Mwnt (2�a) (+ bach)] ; [munt'ba:x, L. \X/i!liarns]

[>1 1 97(1424)

the disti..11ctive

1\.1wnt bach 1 83 8Tl\1S, Mv\rnt bach 1 844PR Aberporth, Tyrbv.rlch�bach, Tyrbwlch bach 1 847TMS , Mount-bach O S 1 89 1 , Mwnt bach O S 1 904

Mwnt-mawr -(SN 224-5 1 3)[tn.

Mvmt (2 -a) (+ mawr)] ;

[munt'mowr L.

Williams]

Tir y Bulch 1 585/86 Nouadd �.1SS , l\1ount F. OOS 1 8 1 4, l\1ount O S 1 834, Tyrbwlch�ma\vr 1 847TI.1S , Mount-mawr O S 1 89 1 , ]Mount 0Sc. 1 950, Mwnt�mawr OS 1 904, Mwnt mawr 1 904 J. Evans p. 3 1 4, Ty'r Bwlcl1mawr 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 1 8, 1\.1wnt 1 93 0 TS 1 1 /07/30 The original name appears to have been

Tirbwlch. As the site does

not seem suitable for the name lv!wnt,

it must have been named after A1wnt (2-a), though it is unclear why this place took the name oflvfwnt (2-a).

Nant-bach -(SN 2 1 2-5 1 5) [nant (+ bach) ] ; [nant'ba:x l\1. Evans] Nant bach, Nant-bach 1 847TMS, Nant-bach OS 1 982

26

(2) IS-COED Nantcrou -(SN 1 83 � 5 1 0)[nant + y + crau] ; [nant�'kr�j L. Williams] T!r Nant y Croy 1 66 1 Kyle l\1SS, Nant y Croy 1 677 Bromx;ydd MSS, Nant)1Toy 1 764 MFichardson MS S p.438, Nantycroy OOS 1 8 1 4, Nantycroy 1 823PR Ferwig, Nant-croi OS 1 834, Nant'y-croy 1 838TiilS, Nant-croy O S 1 89 1 , Nantycroi O S 1 904, Nantcrai 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 1 6 The term crau has many origins in \Velsh: 1 ) 'coagulated blood'; 2) 'sty'; 3 ) 'eye (of needle), socket (of axe)'. I prefer the second sense 'sty', wr.ich is the most cornmon in toponymy, cf .�.7\fantcreuau (71-a), Bryncrouau (39-a), though the first sense - viz 'coagulated blood' - rrmy rnake sense as a reference to the flow of the stream I thi..flk it unlikely that t"Pis name contains the third sense, cf Trwyncrou (17-b). Nantffiyman -(SN 1 92-5 1 0)[nant + y + en. Ffly:rnan ?]; [nant'fhman L. \Villiams] Nant y Flymn10n 1 725 Lucas 1\.1SS, Nant y Flymman 1 787sur n1ap, Nant Fflyniinan c. l 795 Coedmor 1\.1S 546, Nant y Flynion 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 71 , Nantyfleroi.11 OOS 1 8 1 4, Nant-y-Fflyman OS 1 834, Nant­ flyman OS 1 89 1 , Nant y Fflymon c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. l 44, Nant-ftlyro.an OS 1 904, Nantyftlemi..11 1 904 TS 26/08/04 Takes its P..ame from the Flerni.'lgs having landed close by, all were killed [ 1808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 71 ] ; " . . . The form ffiyiT'..an is borrowed from the French Flamand. " [ 1 936 H. Owen: 4.433], however, the in the form 1flyman makes a derivation from F. Flamand unlikely, the usual medieval \Velsh term for 'Flerr.ing' bei..'l.g Fflemis (pl. F:flemisiaid) [GPC s.v. fflcmisiad] , (see sub Castelljjlemis, 33-a); see sub Bate! (2-a), cf Beddau'if]lemin (2-b), BlaePjjlyman (2-a). Nant-mawr -(SN 2 1 0- 5 1 6)[nant (+ ma\vr)] ; [nant'mowr in£ ] Nant=w..awr OS 1 834, Nant 0Sc. 1 950, Nantma'vvr O S 1 982 Na.11tsaeson -(SN 1 65-486)[n.ant + saeson] ; Nant Saeson OS 1 982 This is a recent house built in the dunes of Tywad-y-tywyn (2-b). Pant-y-defaid -(SN 204-4 8 1 ) [pant + y + defaid] ; Cnwck ap Defed 1 83 8TMS, Pant-y-defaid OS 1 89 1 PantdWI- -(SN 206-482)[pant + y + d"Wr] ; [pant'du:r L . Willia.lTI.s] Pantydwr 1 556 F. Green MSS vol.25 p. 496, Pant y Dv.lf 1 6 1 0 Nouadd :r-.1SS, Pant y Dwr 1 784PR Llangoedmor, Pant y DvJI" 1 787sur map, Pantydvvr OOS I 81 4, Pantdwfr 1 81 6PR Llangoed.'l'lor, Pant-y­ dwr OS 1 834, Pantdwr ucha 1 838TMS, Pantydvlf + Ty newydd Pantydv�r 1 84 1 cens., Pant-y-dv�r OS 1 904 Pantdwr-fach -(SN 206-48 1 )[pant + y + dwr (+ bach)] ; Pantdwr issa 1 83 8Tl\tf..S, Pantydwr isa 1 84 l cens. , Pant-y-d\\lf-fiich OS 1 89 1 , (c) Ffytmon Pant-y-dvJr-isaf (Cardigan Corpn. \V.W. ) OS 1 904, (c) Frjilllon Pant-y-dv�r-isaf (well) OS 1 982 Pantglas -(SN 1 82-509)[pant + glas]; Pantglas OS 1 982 Pant-teg -(SN 208-478) [pant + teg]; [pant'te:g L. Williams] Panteg OOS 1 8 1 4, Pant-teg O S 1 834, Panteg, Pantydeg 1 83 8Th1S Parc=bach -(SN 1 99-5 1 0) [parc + bach] ; Pare-bach O S 1 891 Parc-y-broga -(SN 233-498)[parc + y + broga] ; Park y Broga 1 754PR Aberporth, Park y Broga 1 758PR A.berporth, Park y Broga 1 838TMS Parc=y=gracben -(SN 2 1 4-5 l l ) [parc + y + crachen] ; Park y Grachen 1 8 1 9PR Ferwig, Park'y-grachen 1 84 7TMS Parcllwyd(i} - (SN 21 4-493}[parc + lh.x;yd] ; Parc-lh�'Yd OS 1 89 1 Parclhvyd(ii) =(SN 1 80-499)[parc + llwyd] ; [park'iujd L . \Villiams] Parc-lh'Vyd OS 1 891 Parc-y-rhos -(SN 2 1 4-493)[parc + y + rhos] ; [park�'ro:s L. \Villiams] Park'yrhos cot e 1 83 8TIAS , Parc-y-rhos OS 1 891 Penbont -(SN 236-488)[pen + y + pont] ; [pem'b�nt L. \Villiams] Penybont 1 799PR Tremain, R..liyd-wenwn-verch 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 70, F��Iyd-wonwn Verch 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.332, Pen-y-bont Tremain OS 1 89 1 , Pen-bont Tremain OS 1 904 Though one is tempted to identif.; RhydwenwyPJeirch with Rhyd (5=a) i..11 Aberporth parish, S. R. Meyrick [1898: 1 70] placed it in Tremain parish, and J. Rhys [ 1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52] heard of a stream Gwenwynfarch,

27

(2) IS-COED which lay by Penbont (2-a), and ran from Rhosgadair-ucha (2-a) to Nantllan (3-a). The name -wenwn-verch als. Gwenwynfarch point to an original Gwenwynfeirch (assuming Gwenwynfarch *- Gwenwynferch *­ Gwenwynfeirch), which is found a number of times in Welsh toponymy, e. g. ar hit i foss bet Guenuin Meirch (Mons. ) [c. l l40 LL: 242]; hn. A bergwenwynfeirch (SH 9 1 -3 5, Llanycil, Mers.), Aber Gwenwyn Feirch c. l 700 [ 1 93 1 T. H. Williams : 1 22]; Rhyd Gwenhwynfarch (Talley) ( 1 633 in 1 963 M. Richards: 227]; Pont Gwenwynfarch (SO 06-91 , Penstrowed, Monts.); there also appears to have been according to l Rhys [ 1 891 : 263] a stream called Gwenwyn Meirch Gwyono to the E of Bangor (Caerns.), but a few years later [1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52] he wrote the name as Gwenw1yn Meirch and location given as between Bangor and Conwy, though he showed some vagueness: "nid cof gennyf pa le yn iawn y mae. " (note the apparent lack of lenition of meirch in the name given by J. Rhys). The term gwenwynfeirch was interpreted by E. Lhuyd [c. I 700: 3.62] in the Penstrywaid name as meaning 'poisoned horses', whilst H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.632] interpreted Gwenwynfeirch as 'steeds' poison'. The significance of the Llanycil name was explained as due to Gwyddno's horses being poisoned by the contents of Ceridwen's cauldron [ 1 980 J. Wood: 55; c. 1 590(c. l 750) Hanes Taliesin: 454], and a similar explanation was given for the Cardiganshire name: "It was said it was poisoned by some maiden to destroy an enemy's army in the country. " [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 70) . As all the names appear to refer to courses of water, and is strongly reminiscent of gwenyn-meirch 'wasps; hornets; gadflies' (cf OB. marc guhi glossed uespae as OB. guohi, OC. guhien, W. gwychi means 'wasp' by itself, the composite marc guhi, literally 'horse wasp', is likely to mean 'gadfly' rather than 'wasp' [DOB: 514; DGVB: 1 96] ; kelien-marc'h 'gadflies' (lit. 'horse-flies') [ 1 992 F. Favereau: 391 ] ; MnB. pennmarc'henn 'hornet' [ 1 992 F. Favereau: 58 2] ), one is tempted to understand gwenwynfeirch as referring to some kind of stinging insect that plagues horses, perhaps especially near some stretches of water. However, the construction gwenwynfeirch appears to literally mean 'poison horses', and not 'poisoned horses' as was hinted in the popular legends quoted above, which makes it difficult to understand gwenwynfeirch as referring to anything but horses. The ford near Penbont (2-a) appears to have been called Rhydarthur at one time (see sub Treprior, 2-a), if Rhydwenwynfeirch was a later name for that ford we are tempted ­ though we are far from having the necessary proof - to connect the two names as representing a legendary story concerning the poisoning of Arthur's horses. Since I have not been able to locate the river Annerch in nearby Blaenannerch I cannot help entertaining as feasible the possibility that Gwenwynfeirch may have come to be by understanding Annerch realised as *�nerx as the reduced realisation of some form such as *Gwen 'eirch, itself a reduced form of Gwenwynfeirch note the existence of a Blaenweneirch (SN 1 9-20, Whitland, Carm s.). Penbwlch -(SN 1 88-496)[pen + y + bwlch]; [pen'bolx L. Williams] Penybwlch 1 82 1 PR Ferwig, Penbwlch 1 838TMS, Pen-y-bwlch OS 1 89 1 Pencnwc -(8N 1 83-493)[pen + y + cnwc] ; [pen'knok L . Williams, .e5pe1J'knok 1 995 M . W . Jones p. 1 1 4] Plas Pen y Knok 1 585/86 Nouadd M88, Tythyn Pen y Knuck 1 630 Nouadd MS8, Plas Pen y Knwck 1 724 Aberglasney M8 1 266, Plas Pen y Cnwc 1 748 MRichardson MS8 p.434, Pen y Cnwc >1 774 Gogerddan M8S box D 1 , Penycnwce 1 8 1 7PR Ferwig, Pencnwck 1 826PR Ferwig, Pen-y-cnwc 08 1 834, Pencnwc 1 83 8TMS, Place Penyknwck 1 842 MRichardson MS8 p.5 1 6 Pen-y-ffordd -(8N 2 1 1 -479)[pen + y + ffordd]; Pen y Fordd 1 804PR Tremain, Pen-y-ffordd OS 1 89 1 Penfoudr -(SN 1 78-502)[pen + y + beudr] ; [pen'vejchr, pen'v�jdir said old people L . Williams] Peny Hoydyr 1 734 Bronwydd MS8 , Pen y Vydir 1 734 EEW M8S, Penyfoydir > 1 774 Gogerddan M8S box D 1 , Pen y Foidyr 1 803map J. 8inger, Penyfoidir 008 1 8 1 4, Penyfoidir 1 820PR Ferwig, Pen y Fidir l 83 1 PR Ferwig, Penfuedr 1 832PR Ferwig, Penfoidir 1 838TMS, Pen-foidir 08 1 89 1 , Pen-feidir 081 904, Penfiedr OS 1 982 Pengol (8N 1 69-493)[E.tn Bengal]; [pen'go:l L. Williams] Pen-y-gol 081 834, Bengal cote 1 83 8TMS, Pen-goleu 08 1 891 There is no feminine noun col in Welsh, the pronunciation of the feminine noun coel 'lap' cannot be ko:l in this area as it is towards the Teifi valley. The only etymology I can forward is that noted in 1 83 8 that this is an emulated name Bengal but for what reason I cannot tell; cf Bengal (Llanfair Nant-y-gof; Llanstinan, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 226, 248]. The equation of Ben- with pen was natural, for in this area Pen­ in toponyms is often found as [ben-] ; = the head of the surface, or flat sand of warren' [ 1 8 60 AC : 6 1 ] ; cf. Blaendelings ( 1 9-a). Pengraig -(SN 220-5 1 8)[pen + y + craig]; [pen'grajg, pn grrtpeu'grajg L. Williams] -

-

-

-

-

28

(2) IS-COED Penygraig als. Tyr;gwr 1 765 Llwyndyrys 1\.1SS, Tirygwr 1 774 Bromvydd MSS, Penygraig OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-y-graig O S 1 834, Pengraig Mount 1 903 G.Evans p. 97

Penllwyndu -(SN 1 76-497)[pen + lhvyn + du]; [penlujn'di: Ll. Jenkins] inf At one th'lle there were three houses here [inf Ll. Jenkins] . PENPARC -(SN 2 1 -48 ) [tn. [Capel] Penparc (3-a)] ; [pem'park L. Williams, 1 995 M. W. Jones p. l l 4, pen'park L. Williams] Penparc OSc. 1 950

1 ) Bronlhvyn (3 -a), 2) Brynawel (3-a), 3) B:rynteg, 4) Capel Penparc (3-a), 5) Crugdu-isa, 6) Crugdu-ucr�, 7) 1 1) Pant-teg 1 2) Penffordd, 1 3) Pengnocell-isa (3-a), 1 4) PengnoceU-ucha (3a), 1 5) Penllain (3-a), 16) Penparc Villa, 1 7) Pwll-y-bwmper (3-a), 1 8) Warin-ucha (3-a), 1 9) Wennallt (3-a). Pen pare Villa -(SN 21 0-479)[tn. Penparc (3-a) + E. villa] ; Comprising:

D6lwerdd, 8) Heol-y-felin, 9) Llai ndeg, 1 0) Llainjfor,

,

Penpark Villa OS 1 904

Penrhiw -(SN 226-498) [pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'nw L. Williams] Pen-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , ym l\1henrhiw 1 983 Gambo n. 7

Pentre -(SN 2 1 1 -494)[pentref]; Tir y Pentre als. Pentre 1 742 Ty-1hv1 1 76(1 308) cart. Slebech, Garlandestona c. l 23 9 Anselm's Confinr..ation Book L"'l 1 948 B . G. Charles p. 1 8 1 , Gerardeston 30

(2) IS�COED 1 268 Longleat MS 624, Gardeston 1 300 in 1 93 6 MRhys p. 83, Girardestofi 1 300 in 1 936 M.Rhys p.99, Gerardeston 1 30 1 in 1 93 6 MFllys p.203, Gerardeston' 1 301-02 ARCWW p. 7 1 , Gerardsto 1 302-03rent n.2, 'terra' Geyadeston 1 328-29 in Suppl.AC clxxii, Trees Gerand 1 328-29 i.11 Suppl. AC cLxxiii, Trefereu 1 5 1 7 ERSt-David p. 829, Gardelandston c. 1 600 Vairdre Book f 42a in 1 948 B. G. Charles p. l 8 1 , Cariston 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. l l 7, Treveredd 1 702 Ty-lhvyd MSS, Geralds Town als. Treverwidd 1 734 Ty-llwyd MSS, Gerrards Town als. Trevervedd 1 750 Ty-llwyd I\1SS, Treverer 1 764PR Tremai.� Treferedd fawr 1 774PR Tremain, Treveredd vawr, Treveraidd 1 778 Ty-llwyd MSS, Treneved-issa 1 779 Ty-lhvyd MSS, Treveredd isaf 1 780 Ty-Ilwyd MSS, Treferefawr 1 803map J. Singer, Treferedd fa\.vr (sic loc.) OOS 1 81 4, Treferedd-fawr OS 1 834, Trefere 1 83 1PR Ferwig, Treveredd fawr 1 8381MS, Villa Garlandi vel Gerlons 1 859 Collectanea Pembrochiana p.25 in 1 948 B. G.Charles p. l 8 1 , Trefere fawr OS 1 982 This place-name may contain tl1e pn Gerard or Gerald, either of which could have become reduced to Gerad by 1 242. A form Gerred is attested [ 1 976 P. H. Reaney & R. M . Wilson: 141], and such a form could have given VI. * Geredd, cf David -+ Dafydd. Thus Treferedd may originate from tref + pn. * Geredd. Treferedd-ucha -(SN 220-498) [tref + pn. * Geredd (+ uchaf)] ; [tre,vere'ixa L. Vvilliams] Treveredd fach 1 71 0 Ty�llvJyd MS S, Treneved�ganoL Treferedd ganol 1 779 Ty-ll'vvyd 1\1SS , Treferedd ywcha 1 793PR Tremain, Treveredd�ucha 1 806PR Tremain, Treferedd fach 1 8 1 0PR Tremain, Treferedd OOS 1 8 1 4, Treferedd-uchaf OS 1 834, Treferedd ucha 1 83 3PR i\berportl:l, Treveredd-uchaf 1 838TI\1S, Trefer uchaf OS 1 982 Trel!aca -(SN 233-487)[tref + yr + llaca] ; [tre'!�ka, tre'laka D. A Hughes] Treellacca 1 8 1 9PR L1angoedmor, Tre'rllaca 1 906 J. J.Morgan p. l 32 Treprior -(SN 230-488)[tref + yr + prior]; (tre'prij�r L. Williaro.s, tre'prbr M Jenkifl.s] Vadum Arthuri ? >1 1 97(1 424) CalPR p.258, Treprior 1 768PR Tremai.rt, Tre'r Prior ycha + isa >1 774 Gogerddan J\1S S box D 1, Treprior OOS 1 81 4, Treprior OS 1 834 H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.461 ] identified Vadum Arthuri vvith P..hyd-jach (2$a) adjoini.rtg Canllefas-isa (2-a), but since the priory had 2 carucates of land near Vadum Arthuri, tr.is would suit Treprfor (2-a) which along with neighbouring r:_l)mnomj;•en (2-a) both belonging to the Priory estate - constituted 225 acres [18381MS Tremain], for the holding !....�ins] .. Traeth Benwaidd c. l970map I.�Aathias A jutti.11g rock separated two tiny beaches that enabled holidaymakers to bathe according to the sexes [inf Ll. Jenkins] ; cf Glanmorladis (65-b). Meudrdowdi -(SN 200- 5 1 0 -" 1 94-51 8)[meudr + ? ]; [vejdrrldowdi M:. Evans] in£ The word tj·-dduw is attested i11 Welsh [GPC s.v. duw] meaning 'place of worship', an inverse compound * duwdy is feasible, as would be the evolution of such a form into *dywdy --,)> dowdi. This is very tentative, but it would fittingly describe the Jane \VP.ich leads to l'·.1wnt (2-a) chapel. �1uch more !i.�ely to my IP.i.11d is a word derived from English, whether the adjective dowdy 'ill-dressed' [EDD s.v. dm.vdy] or the E.�I.sn. Dowdie [ 1 969 E. I'v1acLysaght: 77]. Moel-y-mwnt -(SN 1 93-520)[moel + tn. M\vnt (2-a)] ; [v:ljlalmont, a�v�ji L. ':Villiarns, a�v�jl M. Evans]

33

(2) IS-COED l\1oel y J\1ount 1 603-25 T.I.J.Jones ( 1 955) p. 1 00, Mount Head 1 760map E.Bowef'., J\1ole-Mount 1 776map M.Mackenzie, Moel y Mv•mt 1 803ro.ap J. S inger, Moel y Movmt 1 808 S.R Meyrick p. l 75, Foel­

y-mwnt or Mount Bank O S 1 834, Foel'y Mvmt 1 847TMS, Voel y Mwnt 1 856 H.J. Vin.cent in_ D. Thomas :MS B-69 p.45, Foel y Mwnt O S 1 89 1 , Y Voel als. Moe! y Mwnt c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. l 42 The

Ogo-- filain

\V. moe! is equivalent to

E.

mount.

-(SN 1 85-5 1 7)[ogof + yr + gwylain ? ];

[og:l'vilen

L. Willia.•11S]

Ogof F ilast (al. loc. ) 1 83 8TMS, Hatling-fawr (sic loc. ) 1 83 8TMS, OgofFilast O S 1 891 The o ccurrence of the term \Vhilst

milain

milain

'villein' is not easy to explain in the context of a coastal toponyrn, and

has become adjectivised with the meaning 'fierce, crueL savage; rough', it is only attributed

(GPC s.v. milain] . But more convincingly perhaps -vi!en represents gt,;�.ylain gwylan 'gull', which has been replaced by gwylanod, cf. Carreguylan (1,1oylgrove), Cerrig y Gwylein 1 63 8 [1 992 PN Pembs: 1 20]. It is feasible that labiodootalisation can account for *Ogo­ wylain � Ogo-jilain, cf Craigftlan (5-b). The name Ogo7filast is either a wistake, or the name of another cave or cove in the vicinity (neither does the o ccurrence of miliast in a coastal name seem easy to to humans and living creatures

=

the old plural of

explain).

Ogo-goch -(SN 1 6- 50) [ ogof + coch]; [ og:l'g o:x, Ll. Jenkins, mo·g�mz'bi:tf D. Davies] in£ Penbeles -(SN 2 1 8-523) [pen + ? ]; [pen'beles, !awra�'beles L. ·williams, pen'bdes Jones, tra:9;)'beles L. \Villiams]

Ll. Jenkins,

tra:B'beles

F�

Penveles c. l 3 50( 1 93 3)map W.Rees, Pen-pel-es OS 1 834, Pen-y-graig 1 85 l map J.Imray, Pen-pel-es OS 1 89 1 , Pen-pel-es O S 1 904, Traeth-y-beles 1 924-26 CSF.LS

4, Y

Beles, Traeth y Beles als. Bales

1 924-26 CSRLS 5, Penpel-es 0Sc. 1 950, Penpel-es OS 1 982 Cf Pen-y-bilys (1 7�b).

PencestyU -(SN 2 1 9�52 l )[pen + cestyll]; [peiJ'kestd L.

Williams]

Cestyll O S 1 834, Pen Cestyll OS 1 89 1 ..An rock like a castle

Penrergyd

[inf L. Williams].

-(SN 1 69-485) [pen + yr + ergyd];

[i·r'patJ D.

Davies]

Pen'r Ergyd 1 748rr.ap L.Morris, Pen }'f Ergyd 1 808 S . R I\1eyrick p. 92, Burrows OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-yr ergid O S 1 834, Penyrergyd 1 91 3 TS 27/06/1 3, Patch 1 947 TS 22/08/47, Patch 'at Gwbert' 1 953 WbW 1 1 / 1 2/53 , Pen yr Ergyd, Patch OS 1 982 The alternative name is

Y Patsh

'the patch', and it is likely that it is the English maritime meaning ofpatch

'foul ground, rocky ground' as i.11

is

The Patches an alias

of Caentyddno

T}wad-y�t}'l'l-yn (2-b) that projects into the Teifi estuaty

the part of

(67-b) and SarngyPJelyn (67=b). Tf..is The significance of the word ergyd

'blow, shot etc. ' is not clear in this name. Perhaps it derives from the terminology of the ftshermen, we

in 1 983 San: May] : "Nid oes un ergid penagored i gael ergyd penagored i gael ei saethu escapes me. Does ergyd mean 'a cast' in the fishermen's terminology ? this is given as bwnv in the area by J. G. Jenkins [ 1 974: 1 30], and Pen-bwrw 'the starting poi.11t of a cast'. It may be that ergyd refers to the part of find in the rules of the fishermen of Llandydoch [ 1 893

ei seutf..i yn Pv-Jllna\\pis o gv..rpwl. ", but the eY.act meaning of

the estuary that closes i.11 on ships and boats, leading them to hit the the sand-banks, for which sense

Penrergyd is

Llidiart�yr�ergyd ('.�.Jangadfan, Monts_), ergyd being explained, uncon­ [ 1 98 1 E.FfLlangadfan: 5]; cf Ergyd-bach (2-b); (c) Ergyd y Station (in [1 974 l G_ Jen.lGns : 245] ; cf.(c) Ergid Non 1 649, the name of a strip in Nloifa­

perfectly located; cf. tn.

vi."'lcingly, as 'dec \\-rth gau'r llidiard'

river prox. Dyfi Junction, Monts.) esgob (48-b). Pen!lech�yr-ast �(SN c.221 �483 ) [pen + llech + yr + gast] ; [ penlez;)r'ast L. Williams]

Legh yr Ast 1 603 G Owen vol. l p.252, Llech yr Ast > 1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 849, Llech yr Ast 1 722 E.Lhuyd col.772, Llech yr Ast 1 760map E.Bowen, Pen-llechau'r-ast O S 1 834, Llechyrast 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor,

(cs376-81 ) Pantlleche

1 838Th1S Llangoedmor, Pen Llechau'r-ast OS 1 89 1 , Pen Llech-yr-ast

OS1 904, Penllecharast 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pen Llech-yr-ast O S 1 982 E. Lhuyd

[ 1 722: 772]

described it as: " . . . a vast rude stone of about eight or ni.'le yards in circumference,

and at least half a yard tr..ick. It is placed inclini.11g; the one side of it on the ground, the other supported by a pillar of about thre-e foot high. " , and compared it to a similar megalitr..ic monument named G'.val-y­ filast (Llanedem, Glams.); a druidical monument [ 1 808 s_ R_ Meyrick: 1 19] ; near the fourth milestone from Aberteifi [ 1 860 AC : 59] ; formerly stood [1813 G_ Nicholson: 330] ; "The large incumbent (sic) stone has long since been removed or destroyed; but there are some of its supporters yet in existence. "

34

[ 1860 ii..C: 58] ;

see

1 982 CER vol. 9 p. 265. Before the school was built it was the name of the bane; see Ysgol Penllech�yr­ ast (2-a). For the variation ber-Neen llech and llechau, see sub Llech-y-gawres (3-a); cf Llech-yr-ast (prox.) (SN 40-35, Bwlch-y-dd\vyros, Llangeler, Carrns .) [ 1 899 D. E. Jones: 34] ; cf Treprior (2-a). Penrhwbyn -(SN 1 82-5 1 7)[pen + ? ] ; [ruhi, pen'ruhi, /awrruhi, pen'ruhm, it is hruhm L. Williams] Garreg Rooby 1 8381MS , Pen'rhwbyn OS 1 834, Pen yr Hwbyn O S 1 89 1 , Pen y Rhwbyn 1 983 Gambo n. 3 \Vith the obscure second element we are faced ·with the usual uncertainty as to whether the

represents the defmite article or the element itself, the [h -] in this position may be a hypercorrection, and a ftnal [-n] can also elide, but also be a hypercorrection. i\11 these phonetic uncertainties help keep t.lJ.e etymology of this name obscure.

Pentew -(SN

1 73 -5 1 4) [pen + tew] ;

[pen'tew, park'pen'tew (prox. ) L. \Villiams]

Pen-tew O S 1 834, Pen Tew O S 1 891 Stone steps

(staerau cenyg) led to

a place to wash

(i molchyd),

no becah [inf L. Williams] ; this appears to

be a very rare example of pen in toponymy as a referent, rather than a positioner, the literal meaning of 'fat/thick head', meani.'l.g a 'wide headland'.

Pistyllifor -(SN

1 60-500)[pistyll + pn. Ifor] ;

[pishi'iv;,r Ll. Jenkins, ivli:nz'bi:tJ D. Davies] ,

Ogof yr Eglvvys c. l 970IP.ap LMat}-lias, Evelyn Beach 1 986 TS 22/08/86

Evelyn Beach was named after �1rs. Evelyn �1organ-Richardson in 1 909 [ 1 986 TS Terrace, 2-a). The cave so named was said to lead to Ferwig church [inf Ll. Jer�lcir..s] . Silian-fach -(SN 1 5 5-5 1 5)[ ? (+ bach)] � [sdjan'va:x, C. M . Phillips] in£ Silian-fawr -(SN 1 55-5 1 5)[ ? (+ mavJr)] ; [srljan'vowr C. J\A. Pbillips]

22/08/86] (see

Evelyn

Sylian Point 1 83 8 Tiv1S, Silian OS 1 89 1

This 11.ame is comparable to the part of the estuary of the Brouan river called Traethsilian (SN 1 87-453, Cilgerra11, Pembs.): Traeth Silian [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 76], pn. Wil Silian 'a tramp in Aberteifi' [ 1 920 TS: 26/1 1120], Traeth Silia [ 1 974 J. G. Jenlillips: 176] . This it would appear is an unattested derivative of sil 'fish eggs, fish spawn' , possibly a verb-noun *silia (though the verb�noun is given as silio [Gl\1 s.v. silio]). Hov.rever, in this name, the fmal , though possibly epithetic, is better attested than the form *silia� cf Rhydsil (3-a); Tynfron(ii) (64-a). Swnd-yr-ynys -(SN 1 6 1 -5 1 4) [s\vnd + yr + ynys] ; [£5'sund�r'�·ms 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies p. 860, (c) park�'ralva Two rocks [in f c. M. Phillips] .

(SN 1 62-5 1 2) Ll. Jenkins] Y Ddalfa 1 748tr.ap L.�1orris It is suggested that

Y Ddalfa

referred to a collection point for sheep (or cattle) to be ferried across to

Ynys Aberteift., however, wl1ilst this would suit this particular site, it does not suit the site of another r1ame,

Y Ddalfa-fawr ( 1 8-b). There is also evidence of sheep bei..11g washed i..11 FfTh: 1 7.24-26], but the usual and expected term would be golchfa i.'l. Trwyn-yr-olclifa (81 -b). It seems more likely tb.at this dalfa refers to a spot for catching

seaside example of tbis

seawater in some areas of Wales [ 1 996 not

dalfa

as

fish.

Traeth-bach -(SN 226-520) [traeth + bach]; [tra:8'ba:x LL Jenkins] in£ Traeth-bach Llwynysgaw -(SN 2 1 6-522) [traeth + bach + tn. Llwynysgaw (2�a)] ; Traeth bach Llwyn�ysgaw O S 1 89 1 , Traeth bach 0Sc. 1 95 0

Traeth-bach Na.•lt-mawr -(SN 2 1 1 -5 2 1 ) [traeth + bach + tn.

Nant-rnawr (2-a)] ;

Traeth bach Nant-mawr OS 1 891

Traeth Mwnt -(SN

1 93-5 1 9) [traeth + tn. Mwnt (2-a)]; [ tra : e�· munt �1. Evans,

tra:8'mawr L. Williams ]

Traith y �1vmt 1 808 S.R�1eyrick p. 1 7 1 , Traeth=y=mount 1 83 3 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 2 p . 4 1 8 , Traeth

M t 1 85 l map J. Imray, Traeth'y l\tfount O S 1 89 1 , Traeth y Mwnt O S 1 904

Traeth-yr-odyn -(SN 1 5 8-5 0 l ) [traeth + yr + odyn] ; [tra:O�'r:ldm Ll. Jenkins] inf Traeth Pengraig -(SN 220=521 )[traeth + tn. Pengraig (2-a)] ; Traeth Pengraig 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Tywad-y-tywyn -(SN 1 65 -490) [tywod + tn. Tyv./)'!1 (2-a)] ; [twa:d�'t�wm, 2�r.l'twa:d

L. Williams]

Sand Hills 1 748map L.�1orris, Tov·/)'11 Warren O OS 1 8 1 4, Towyn \Varren O S 1 834

35

(2) IS-COED [fl. l470: 1 7] who implores the help Pedrog: " Gwrtae-d Pedroc, vawrweh-thioc }'Ih"'l I Yrrv'r twod o 'r Ty"'�ynn. " ; see Tywyn (2-a), Penrergyd (2-b ). Ynys Aherteifi -(SN 1 59-5 1 5)[ynys + tn. Aberteifi (1-a)]; [�niS,aber'tejvi L. Williams, �'riniS p . c. C. l\1. Pbi!lips] Hastiholm 1 26 8 Longleat MS 624, Insula 1 280Ext p. 1 1 2, !pastura! Insule 1 3 00 in 1 93 6 1\.1.Rhys p. 8 1 , Insula de Kardigan 1 302�3rent n.2, Insullis in 1\1are 1 3 28=29 in S uppLI\C clxxii, Insule de Ilond 'infra mare! 1 43 3 BM Doc. p. 6, Cardigan Insula 1 578map C . S axton, Cardigan Island 1 6 1 0map J. Speed, This land, overcome by sand, is mentioned by the poet Dafydd Nanmor of Sah"lt

Cardigan Island 1 652 Nouadd M 3 S, Cardigan Isle 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s. v. Cardigan, Cardigan Island OOS 1 8 1 4, Ynys LAberteifi 1 926 TS 25/06/26 The mear.iJ-,g of Hastiholm is 'horse island'

( 1 991 R. A. Griffiths: 1 1 3]

many other English names of island off the coasts of \Vales.

36

and is a name of Norse origll:1, like so

(3) IS-COED LLANGOEDMOR Alma Grange -(SN 208-46 l ) [tn. LA�111a (Uk.raine) + E. gra..1e1g ] ; [alma'gre:n3, �r.alma'gre:n3 S. Griffiths] Alma Grange OS 1 891 b.bet. 1 854-9 1 (OS 1 89 1 ] . This place owes its name to the battle of the Alma of 1 854, during the Cri..'nean \Var. J. Field [ 1 972: 4] on two English field-names Alma notes that the name "probably ca.rries the suggestion of harsh climate and bitter toiL as well as the great distance of the field from the village. " Lt\nother place called A lma was so called because of a dispute for the possession of land that was lL�ened to the battle of Alma [L.'1f .] . The addition of grange is probably pure affectatioP.; cf

Alma Barn (Berks.)

[ 1986 J. Field: 1 5 ]

Alma Grange Cottage -(SN 208-459) [tn. rAJ1-r..a Grange (3-a) + E. cottaget A.hna Grange Cottage O S 1 89 1 b.bet. l 854-9 1 (OS 1 89 1] . Alma Lodge -(SN 208-459) [tn. Al111a [Grange] (3-a) + E. lodge] ; iiJn..a Lodge OS 1 982 Bane -(SN 249-490)[ba-11c] ; [bauk & revel D. A. Hughes, f.p!l_ meribauk p. c. H. Ll. Hu..mphreys, pena'hauk I. Davies] Bane + Swithy OS 1 89 1 , Penybanc O S 1 982

Banc=y=felin -(SN 220-443) (banc + y + meli..'l] ; [bagk�'velm I . Jones] Ba!l.kyfelyn 1 84 l cens . , Banc-y-felin O S 1 904

Blackhorse -(SN 1 92-456)[E. black + horse]; Black Horse O S 1 89 1 , Black Horse Cottage O S 1 904

Blaenbarthen -(SN 204-457) [blaen + tn. Barthen]; [b l am' bareen S. Griffiths] Tyr y Barthen 1 67 1 Cwrt-ro.awr MSS, Tyr y Barthen, Tyr y Berthen 1 682/83 Cwrt-mawr MS S, Parkey Earthen als. Blaenberthan 1 798 Nantgvvyllt MSS 2/4 1 1 -1 2, Blanbarthen 1 799 Nantg\vyllt MSS 2/4 1 3 , Blaenbarthen OOS 1 8 1 4, BlaL11bard1en 1 8 3 1 Nantgwyllt IV!SS 2/4 1 5, Lan-barthen OS 1 834, Blaen Earthen 1 83 3PR Llandygv.'Y, Blaenborthen, Blaenbarthen 1 83 8Th1S, Blaen Barthen als. Denvenlas (sic) 1 8 57 Coedmor 1'-AS 203, Blaen-barthen O S 1 89 1

R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 06] who noted: '' Tyvvyll }7\N enw hvvn. , however, it rr..ay be tlmt it was not a hydron:ym but a place-name (to \vhich blaen is also prefixed, sometimes, cf Blaencyswch, 3 1 -a), and this supposition seems confirmed in the light Nant-y-gof (3-a) also referring to the stream in Blaenbarthen's vicinity, cf Cynllo (d). If we take t..lJ.e origir.al Tyr y Earthen to be a toponym, then it im.'Uediately seems to stand for perthen 'a bush', whose vowel has been retracted to because it precedes , and this has some support from the forms Tyr y Berthen of 1 682/83. I am unaware of a derivative in -en ofperth, except in northern \Vales where it tends to mean 'thorn bush' [GPC s.v. perth]. The form Aberbarthen quoted by R J. Thomas [1938: 1 06] is IPistakePJy appended to this name, LTJ. fact it stands for Aberharthen:fach (1 0-a). B!aenbarthen Cottage -(SN 205-457) [tn. Blaenbarthen (3-a) + E. cottage] ; [evel �' g o: ? S . Griffiths] The r..ame

Earthen

has been taken t o be a hydronym by

tarddiad y bon Barth- :yn yr

"

Blaenbarthen Cottage OS 1 982

Blaencwm -(SN 1 99-435) [blaen + y + cwm]; Blaen-cwm O S 1 89 1 , 11aes y Llan OS 1 982

Blaenpisty!l �(SN 23 1 �479)[blaen + y + pistyll]; [bla·m'piStd S . Griffitr.s] Bryn y Pistill ? 1 629 Nouadd MS S , Blaen y Pistyll 1 703

Ty-llv.yd J\1SS , Blaen y Pistill 1 7 1 3

F.C.Winchester (Hove) MS S , Blaenpistyll 1 742 Coedmor MS 1 3 8, Blaen y Pistelle 1 760CF, Blaen y Fistello 1 765map E.Bowen

et a!. ,

Blaenypistill l 76 6 Coedmor MS 1 88, Blaen Pistill l 803map J. Singer,

Blaenpistyll OOS 1 8 1 4, Blaen-pistyll O S 1 834, Blaenpistill 1 838Th1S

Cf Blain Pistyll (u..rlioc., central Cards.) [1 1 98(1 3 36) cart. Ystradfflur] . Blaenwennen -(SN 239-470)[blaen + ? ] ; ( bla 'wenen l\1. Jenkins] Blaen Weynan 1 652 Bronwydd MS S, Blaenwennen 1 706 F . Green MS S vol.25 p.477, Blaenwennen 1 742 Coedmor MS 1 88, Blaenwenen 1 766 Coedmor 11S 1 89, Blaemvennen 1 776map Lh\'Yngra�'YS, Blaen \Venen 1 803map J. Singer, Blaenwennen OOS 1 8 1 4, Blaen-wennen OS 1 834, (pn ) Shon Lanwenen c. 1 880 J.Davies p. 8 1

R

J. Thomas

(1 938: 1 1 3] treats this name as a hydronym, wr.ich seems to refer to the strea.'TI that descends Ty-ne'Yvydd (3-a) and joins the river "'�frydmor, but an alias of Ty-ne>.vydd is noted as

from Blaenwennen to

37

(3) IS-COED Nant y Ywrch 1 664, and Nantywrch c. 1 775, wl1ich in all probability refers to this very same stream. R J. Thomas [1938: 1 13] corn1ects the stem of wbich he is u..flsure if it is *gwennen or *gwenen as being related respectively, to gwen (the feminine form of gl-11}'11 \vhite'), or to gwen 'wish, prayer', and a variant form of gwenyn 'bees' (w}ljch is B. G. Charles' s coP.jecture for CihFennen (D:inas), Killwenin 1 75 1 , Kilwenin 1 767, Kilwennen 1 83 1 [1 992 PN Pembs: 38]). There is no reason that glA.Jen 'smile' can...'l.ot be considered. HO\vever, the pronunciation, along \vith w.any of the spellings indicate tl-.at only �wennen need be considered. We have established that is someti.-rnes found as L'l. \Velsh toponymy, so that -wennen could be for -wynnen, �"ld if so the pn. Gv.ynnen (see sub Llanwnnen, 15-a) is a distinct possibility. A seerr.ingly insuperable problem with this (and other) etymologies confmed to Blaenwennen itself (not to Cilwennen), is the i..rregular mutation of , for which an elided article could be suspected, though the forms show no backi..'lg for this, and articles before old hydronyms or personal-names are virtually un...lmown. The likely answer to this problem - undemoro.strable until we find o lder documentary forms - is that the element -lt'ennen here has lost an initial syllable, and represents possibly somethi"lg li.�e *ewynnen, a river-name, meaniflg - more or less - 'foamy'. For a SLT!lilar looking element (see sub Bronwennau, 47-a), the favoured explanation of that name (viz. gwynnau 'winds') is unlikely as the si..11gu!ar of gwynnau is gwynt, and this seew.i.'lgly precludes a feasible singular *g»'Jmnen. Blaenwennen Bungalow �(SN 240-47 1 ) [tn. Blaenwennen (3-a) + E. bungalow] Blaemvenen Bungalow OS 1 982 Blaenwennen-fach -(SN 240-467) [blaen + ? (+ bach)]; Blaenwenen fach cott. 1 838TMS Brengast -(SN 221 -437) [tn. Prendergast (Pembs.)] ; [breg'gast I. Jones] Brengast 1 84 l cens., Pant-yr�onen OS 1 89 1 , Brengast OS 1 904, (pn.) Sherr.i Brengast ? (tramp at Aberteifi) 1 920 TS 26/ 1 1 /20, Brengast 1 924-26 CSRLS 46 Brengast was the Welsh pronu.'lciation of Prendergast, which stood across the river from Haverfordwest (Pembs.), Prendegast 1 23 1 , Prendigast 1 3 5 7, Prendgast 1 5 94, Bryngest ('Velsh text - L. Dwnn) c. 1 600 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 433], B. G. CJ:..arles [ 1992: 434] has noted si-xteen examples of places i..'l the northern part of Pembrokeshire named after it, none attested before 1 706, and his explanation for the commonness of the name is clarifying: "The probability is that the origin and meaning of this [i.e. the original] Prendergast has little relevance to the frequency of its use as a late minor name elsewhere. Prendergast, on the north­ east border of Haverford\:vest, became a poor suburb of the town and as such \\ras well-k:novvn to the foLJc of north Pembrokeshire. It would seem that the name Prendergast, often pronou.'lced Prengast, became an epithet in the \Velsh dialect for places situated i..'l the east end of villages and hamlets where the poorer people often lived, and later the appellative was applied to humble cottages in the vaci...Uty (sic). " Tr.is Brengast is also situated east of Llechryd (3-a) village. Broadview -(SN 226-448)[E. broad + view] ; Broadview OS 1 982 Bro.-dawel �(SN 221 .,458)[bro + tav.rel] ; Brodawel OS 1 9 82 Bronnallt -(SN 226-482)[bron + allt] ; Bronallt OS 1 982 Brondei:fi �(SN 1 89-458)[bron + lm. Teifi] ; Brontivy OS 1 904, Frontify 1 990 \V. J.Le\vis p. 63 Bronllwyn -(SN 209-478) [bron + lhvyn] ; Bronllwyn OS 1 982 Cf Fronllwyn (Tan-y-groes area) [ 1 934 D. Jenkins p. 1 50 ] . Bronnydd �(SN 2 1 7-458)[t!1. Bronnydd] ; [br�mij S. Griffiths] (c283) Park Pen Blewin issa 1 83 8TMS, Bronydd OS 1 982 A new house [i..llf s. Gri.ffiths], whose name emulates that of the nearby fields of (cs 1 044, 1046) Bronydd pella + nessa (SN 21 2-459) [1 838Tiv1S]. The earlier name Penblewyn 'hair end' refers to the pointi..'lg convergence of two roads into one at this site, compared to the width of a r.air. There is a fa..'llous crossroads called Penblewyn (T"-'landdev.ci Velfrey, Pembs.), which is unconvincingly explained by B. G. Charles [1992: 457] as referri.'lg figuratively to an elevated spot, though there does not appear to be a si.-rnilar convergence of two roads into one, as found at the site of Bronnydd. A similar convergence of roads to a poi..flt at the site of Llain Villa (8-a) is called �'bigus.

38

(3) IS-COED Bronorwen -(SN 2 1 2-437)[tn. Bronorwen ( 1 1 -a)]; [br�n'�rwen I. Jones] Brononven (sign) Brynalan -(SN 1 94-455)[bryn + pn. Alan] ; Bryr.ala...� OS 1 982 Brynarberth -(SN 2 1 1 -457)[bryn + hn. (Pont Rhyd]arberth (3-a)] ; [brm 'arbeG S. Griffiths] Bryn-arberth OS 1 904, Bryn-arbeth 0Sc. 1 950 Brynawel -(SN 208-477)[bryn + awe!] ; Bryn-awel OS 1 904 Brynbedw -(SN 21 1 -444)[bryn + bedw] ; [ brm'bedu I. Jones] Bryn-bedw OS 1 891 A housing estate [OS1 982]. B rynderi -(SN 207-439)[bryn + deri]; [brm'deri I. Jones] Brynderi OS 1 982 Brynesgob -(SN 21 0-456)[bryn + tn. [Gwem]esgob] ; [brm'esk:lb S. Gri:ffith.s] (c) \Vern Yscob (SN 2 1 1 -455) 1 83 8Tl\.1S, (c) \XJaunyscob 1 86 1 ]\.1.Richardson l\1SS p. 320, Bryn-esgob OS 1 89 1 b.bet. l 838-91 [ 1 838Th1S; OS1891]. The field Gwernesgob was below the road from Brynesgob, and there are no obvious links with any of the lands of the Bishop of Sai.11t Davids to account for the coining of this name. Bryngobaith �(SN 2 1 5�438)[bryn + gobaith] ; Bryngobaith OS 1 982 b.bet. l 904-82 [081 904; 081 982]; see Bryngobaith (4-a). Brynheulwen -(SN (i)246-488)(Blaenannerch)[bryn + heulwen]; (brm'hejlwen D. A. Hughes] (fpn.) Nari Bronheulwen c. 1 8 80 J.Davies p. 28, Bryn-haulwen OS 1 89 1 , Bryn..lJ.eulwen OS 1 982 i) SN 246-488. 1 89 1 . "yn un o dai Bronheulwen" [c.l 880 J.Davies: 28] . ii) SN 246-490. 1 982. A housing estate. Brynhyfryd -(SN 25 1 -490)[bryn + hyfryd] ; [brm.'h;}vrid I. Davies] Bryn-h:yfryd OS 1 891 b. by the Rev. John Jones (t l 875) [ 1950 BC p.452] . Brynhywel -(SN 22 1 -482)[bryn + pn. Hywel]; Brynhywel OS 1 982 Brynmeilo -(SN 2 1 3-442)[bryn + ? ] ; Bryn-meilo O S 1 904 Existent (OS1 891 ] . Brynpywydd -(SN 2 1 7-48l )[bryn + ffa\vydd ? ] ; [brm'powi L . Williams] (c5) Park Ffm:vydd (SN 21 4-48 1 ) 1 777map Canllefas-ganol, Pen-pare Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-pov.;ydd OS 1 982 The field�name, sited ahnost opposite the then future site of Brynpywydd may have given the obscure element p;'l1-ydd, though there is no regular way in vi'nichffmvydd could give a...� i..n.itial [f� ], and whilst we might suspect the 1 777 form to be a misreadi.11g, powydd was traditioP..ally held to be fromjfawydd and beech trees were found nearby [ 1 924-26 CSFlS 69]. The site of Brynpywydd i.11 1 777 was a separate holding of land contair...ing four acres belonging to a Reverend Joh.� Corrie [ 1 777map CaPlletas-ganol] . If pywydd refers to a strean1, it must refer to the tributary of the river l\1wldan, wl-ich has its source adjoining Brynp;wydd. It rr.ay be an emulated name, though if so I have no idea where the original rr.ay lie (it may feasibly be connected to Penbrynbwa (4-b) noted Brynbt!l-vayth 1 326). It may be compared to By'tvi the tributary of the river Cuch in Cilrhedyn (Carms.), which can be compared to bywi 'earth..11uts, pignuts' [GPC s.v. byv1i] , though R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 29] favours an interpretation as a personal-name, another stream­ name that seew..s related to By�11i is Bov..ydd (FfestiPiog, !vfers.) formerly Bowi, B}ll1li accordi.>Jg to R J. Thomas [ 1 938: 1 28-29], both these could be cognate with CC.tn. Bouium (2x) [ 1 979 Pl\1FJ3: 273-74] (the 1 543 form Havod Vowydd (\Vort..henbu..], Flints.) noted by l\-1.R.ichards [ 1 959: 14] , \vho discerned a personal� name, may, in fact, be a garbled spelli."'lg of the f pn. 1Hoifudd, judging by the 1 559 form Hafod Vonyth [1959 E. Davies: 83]). In the case of Brynpywydd the provection of initial ( b] to [p] can be explained by a knO\vn feature of Dyfedeg cf pignen f- * bignen f- mignen, pynewyd f- bineHyd f- mynewyd, poddi u'go:x I. Jones, D. A . Hughes, vr:>ug o:t�xa I . Jones] Tir y Fron Goch 1 598 in 1 929 !. ab O.Edwards p. 40, Vrongoch 1 744 Coed..tnor JVIS 534, Frongoch OOS 1 8 1 4, Vrongoch 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Fron-goch OS 1 834, Frongoch 1 837PR Llangoedmor, Frongoch 1 83 8Tl\1S, Frongoch 1 83 9Th1S, Fron-goch-ucr..a£ 0 8 1 891 Fron-hill -(SN 221 -437)[y + bron + E. hill] ; [vr=>n'h!l, ad�mz'stri:t I . Jones] Fron-hill O S 1 89 1 , Adam St. OS 1 982 Y Gat -(8N 2 1 6-437)[y + gat] ; [a'g at I. Jones] Gate 1 84 1 cens. , Gate 1 904 J.Evans p.346, Y Gate 1 904 J.Evans p.347, Y�C-ftt 08 1 982, Avondale inf. I . Jones I have reason to believe that Y Gat refers to the gate that led to Coedmor mansion (some 2km to the w). The usual word for 'gate', in this area is iet, ga t being usually reserved for the 'turnpike gate'; see sub Trympeg-bach (3-a). �lli-wen -(8N 2 1 4-442)[y + celli + gwen] ; Gelliwen OS 1 982 A housing estate. Gilfach �(SN 201 -459)[y + cilfach] ; Gylfach-yr-onen ? 1 8 1 7PR Llangoedmor, Trevorgan-lodge ? 1 820PR Llangoedmor, Cylfach-yr-onen ? 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Gilfach yr Ardd ?? 1 821PR Ferwig, Gilfach 0 8 1 891 Glandwr(i) -(8N 1 97-46l )(Plas Llangoedmor)[glan + y + d'¥r] ; Landwr 1 8 1 4PR Llangoedmor, Gland\\rr 1 821PR Llangoedmor, Land\Vr 1 82 1 PR Aberteifi, Glan Dwr 1 838TMS, Landvvre 1 84 l cens. , Glan-d\�.Tf O S 1 891, Llandv.rr 1 906 AC p.74 Glandwr(ii) -(8N 1 92-456)(Llechryd)[glan + y + dv.'f] ; [glan'du:r I. Jones] Gland\Vr 1 863PR Llech.ryd, Glan-d"Wr 0 8 1 89 1 Glanolmarch -(SN 2 1 8-444)[glan + hn. Olmarch] ; [glan':llmarx, I . Jones] Glanolmarch c. 1 775 l\1anordeifi l\AS S p.9, (c816) Park Glanolrnarch 1 838TIA8, Glan-Olrnarch OS 1 89 1 Glanrhyd -(SN 237-479)[glan + rhyd] ; Glan-rhyd OS 1 89 1 Glanteifi(i) -(SN 1 91 -454)(Rhos-hul) [glan + hn . Teifi); Dan-traeth O S 1 834, Tan Trath 1 84 1 cens. , Glan-teifi OS 1 89 1 C f Ynys-y-moifa (3-b). Glanteifi(ii) -(8N 2 1 3-437)(Llech�ryd)[glan + hn. Teifi] ; [glan'tejvi I. Jones] Glanteifi (sign) C-og!wyd �(SN 209�46l ) [pn. *Coeglwyd ? ] ; Coyloyd 1 302-03rent n. 1 , Coygloyd 1 302-03rent ns.3-4, Goghvyd 1 765-66 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 67, Goghvyd 1 8 1 3PR Llangoedmor, Gogllwydd 1 838Tiv1S, Goglwjd 1 9 1 3 TS 28/1 1 / 1 3 , GOglwyd O S 1 982 A..s it stands this r1ame appears to mean 'grey cuckoo' (W. cog + llwyd), but this seems an unsuitable meaning, and a theoretical composite term such as *goglwyd ( f- go- + clwyd), with no analogies, is also unlikely. However, h'1 a rental of the L!angoedmor area htJ. 1 3 02-03 we come across payments from Coyloyd or Coygloyd. There can be no doubt of a connection between this medieval form and the present=day tn. Goghvyd. The medieval form represents Nftil\V. coeg!v.yd - an otherwise unattested composite adjective wr.ich I literally translate 'blind-grey'. It also seems that Coeglwyd was an epithet wbich acted as a personal-name since I found no other examples of place-names in the extensive lists of personal-names who paid rent in the rental of 1 302-03. Gopa -(8N 246-490)[y + copa] ; [k:>pa D. A. Hughes] cots 1 83 8Tl\1S Trerrmiil, Y Goppa 1 926 E.Evans p. l 8 C...opa-fad1 -(SN 247-490)[y + copa (+ bach)] ; [k�pa'va:x, kar'trevle D . A. Hughes] Cartre:fle OS 1 982 Gopa-fach's site was on Cartre.fle's present drive; Cartrefle b. 1 890s [inf. D. ,A,. Hughes] . Greenhill -(SN 1 97-448)[E. green + hill] ; [gri:n'hd I . Jones] GreeP�hill Farm 08 1 89 1 Gwaungiach -(SN 206-447)[gwaun + y + g1ach]; [wajn'gi·ax I. Jones] \Vaun Giach (sign) A housing estate. Frongoch-ucha

.

45

(3) IS-COED -(SN 205-461 ) [y + gwernlle (+ lhvyd)] ; [wclc'lujd S . Griffiths] Gwernlley 1 669/70 M.Fichardson MSS p. 295, G\verlley 1 723 M.Fichardson l\tf...SS p. 296, WerPJle\vith ? 1 728 Bromvydd �1S S, Gwerlle Lhvyd 1 773 Crosswood �1S S, G\velle Lhvyd 1 790 Cross\vood l\1SS, Gwithlhvyd 1 790 Crosswood l\1SS, \Velle Lwyd OOS 1 8 1 4, Gwer!le L\vyd 1 8 1 9PR L!angoedmor, \Velle­ lwyd OS 1 834, \Velie Llwyd, \Villellv.'Yd 1 838Th1S, \Velle-lhvyd OS1 891 The development of this name seems clear from the fonns collected above: gwernlle -+ g.verlle -+ g.velle. The llwyd 'grey' and f gwen 'white' of the following name are colour distinguishers, a type of distinguisher found more cow.monly in the toponymy of north-western Wales. The composite terms gwenllle and gweunlle, do not have appreciably different meanings from gwern/gwemdir or gwaun!gweundir; see Gweun!le (8�a), Gwenlli (2�a). Gwelle=wen -(SN 205-465)[y + gwernlle (+ gwen)] ; [wcle'wen S. Griffiths ] Gwayne y Dervocke 1 622 Nouadd MSS, �.veyne y Ddervock als. Gwemlle 1 622 Nouadd MSS, Gwern Lleythen ? 1 73 0 CD 9 1 , Gwern Lleythen ? 1 73 8 Crosswood l\1S S, Gwerllyv1en als. \Vellewen 1 743 Hav.\V\V MS 241 1 8, Gwerlle Wen 1 773 Cross\vood JV�S, Gt.vith Wen 1 790 Crosswood l\1SS, \Vellewen OOS 1 814, \Velle-wen 1 827PR Llangoedmor, Welle�wen OS1 834, \Vellewen, \Villy'vven l 83 8TMS Gwentland -(SN 229-45 1 )[E.tn. Gwentland] ; Gwentland OS 1 982 Gwemmedd -(SN 2 1 3-453) [gwern + y + medd] ; [gwern'me:t> S. Griffiths] Gwem y l\1edd 1 6 1 0/1 1 l\1.Richardson l\1S 1 5 1 , Gweme y l\1edd 1 697 Grismond Phillips l\.1SS, Gwern y Medd 1 747 Coedmor MS 53 5, Gwern Mace 1 760map E.Bowen, Gwem y Meath l 760CF, Tythyn y Wern ?? 1 764 MRichardson MSS p.438, Gwernmeath c. 1 795 Coed..111o r MS 546, Wernmeadd OOS 1 8 1 4, Gwernmedd 1 8 1 8PR Llangoedmor, \Vernmedd 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Gwern-medd OS1 834, Gtvvermymedd 1 838TlV�, \Varmedd 1 924-26 CSRLS 69 Gwemynad -(SN 226-467)[gwern + ynad] ; [warn'�nad T. S . �,1orris, warn'enad S. Griffiths, wern\1nad D. A. Hughes, wern'inad p. c. H. Ll. Humphreys] Pla[s] Gwern Yna[d] 1 585 EE\V MS S, Plasgwernynu' 1 585 F. Green ]\/IS S vol.25 p. 477, Gwern Ennene ?? 1 65 l rent, Gwern�ynad, Gwem,nnad 1 776map Lhvyngra\\')S, Gwemynad 1 772-73 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 70, Gwern-ynad 1 785PR Llandygw'f, Gwerninad c. 1 795 Coedmor l\.1S 546, \Vernunad OOS 1 814, Wernyn..ad 1 829PR Llangoedrnor, Gwern-unad O S 1 834, Gwernynad 1 83 8TMS, Werrurin..ad 1 84l cens. , Wern-unad OS 1 89 1 , Wernynad OS 1 904 Gwylfa -(SN 222-438)[gwylfa] ; [gwrlva I. Jones] Gv.'Ylfa OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891 =1 904 [OS1 891 ; OS1 904] . Gwynfryn -(SN 220-482)[gv·l)lfl + bryn] ; Gwynfryn O S 1 982 Hafod�fach �(SN 204-447)[hafod (+ bach)] ; [hav:ld'bn I. Jones] Hafod fach 1 83 1PR L�'1goedmor, Hafod-fiich OS 1 89 1 Hafodlwyd -(SN 201 -448)[hafod + llwyd] ; [hav:Jd'lujd I . Jones] Havodrhyd (sic nom.) 1 749 Coedmor lVlS 42, HavodhV';d 1 787 Coedmor l\AS 2 1 4, Havod Lh.V';d 1 79 1 Coedmor l\AS 49, Hafodllv.'Yd OOS 1 8 1 4, Hafod�lhvyd OS1 834, Hafo d 1 859PR Llechryd, Hafod-lV.'Yd OS 1 89 1 Maybe named in opposition t o L"f.Jajodwen (3-a) (cf Gwelle�lwyd (3-a) and Gwelle-wen, 3-a), though we may note it is about lkm s of Tirllwyd (3-a). Hafodwen -(SN 202-43 1 ) [!mfod + gwen] ; [hav:Jd'wen I. Jones] Havodwen 1 749 Coedrnor �AS 42, Havodwen Farm 1 80 1 Coedmor M� 2 1 6, Hafodwen 1 803map J. Singer, Hafodwen OOS 1 8 1 4, Hafod-wen OS 1 834, Hafodwen 1 839Tl\1S Helyg-fach -(SN 2 1 3 -446)[tn. Helyg-fach (5-a)] ; Helyg fach OS 1 982 The -fach is in opposition to Glanhelyg, see sub Ty-rhos(iii) (3�a). Hendy -(SN 200-458)[hen + ty] ; Hendy OS 1 891 Henefail - ( SN 244-484)[hen + gefail] ; [he·n'eve! D. A Hughes]

Gwelle�lw'Yd

46

(3) IS-COED Tir yr Eveil 1 6 1 0 Nouadd MS S, Yr-hen-efail cot e 1 83 8 TMS, 'Rhen Efail, i'r Hen Efail c. 1 8 80 J. Davies p. 1 3 , Hen-efail OS 1 8 9 1 Hengapel Llechryd -(SN 2 1 6-438)[hen + cape! + tn. Llechryd

(3-a)] ; [he:n'gapel inf , �,hre:n'gapel I . Jones]

Lower Chapel 1 85 1 Rel cens. p. 479, Indt. Chapel OS 1 89 1 , Llechf';d Old c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 279, Capel Split c. 1 902 E.R. Horsfall-Turner p. l l , yng Nghapel isaf Llecr...ryd 1 926 TS 02/07/26, Llechryd 1 97 1 :M.E . James p. 1 6, Chapel OS 1 982

i) b. 1 672 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279); b. 1 700 [ 1 851 Rel 1 971 M. E. James: 16]. ii) reb. bet. 1 828-54 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 5 1 ] .

cens.:

479] ;

[c. l 902

b. 1 709

E. R

Horsfall-Turner: 279;

The oldest dissenting meeting-house i n the county, said t o have been built by l\1ajor \Vade, one o f Oliver Cromwell's troopers

[ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 26].

Hen-Goedmor -(SN 1 92-43 6)[(hen +) coed + ma\vr] ;

[(c) k�jdm:>r'gard�nz (prox.)

S . Griffiths]

Kastell Gevail Ynghoedmor ? c. 1 569 RepWMSS vol. 1 pt. 2 p. 897, Koedmor - Kastel! Kefail ? 1 540--77 Rep\VMSS vol. l pt. 2 p. 8 27, Koedmor, Y ,.astell Gefail ? 1 500¥z Rep.\VMS S vol. l pt. 2 p . 8 54, (c) Park Hen Coedmore 1 80 1 Coedmor MS 2 1 6, Castell Cevel 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 1 24, Old Coedmor 1 93 6 H. Owen vol. 4 p.495, Castell Gefail ? 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p. 495, Castell Cefail als. Gefail ? 1 93 6 H. Owen vol.4 p . 495 The site of Hen-Goed111o r is somewhat uncertain, I P.ave given the site of the gardeP.s that were near Hen­

Goedmor.

H. M Vaughan

[ 1 926: 108]

gave the site of the old mansion as "nearly a mile to westward" -

which distance seerr1s to be ·wrong as this implies that .Hen-Goedmor was -

h'l the ·vicinity of J?}ws-hul (3-a) ...

though he elaborates: " however the fme walled gardens remain on their original site. " (the gardens

being only 500m away from the present Coedmor mansion). E. Phillimore [ 1 9 36 H. Owen: 4.495] also quoted H. l\1. Vaughan: "l\1r. Vaughan of Plas Llangoedmor infoflTl.s us that the present Coedmor House is about a mile higher up the Teifi than old Coedmor (where the gardeP.s are), and that between the two, in the woods overhanging the Teif1, is the remnant of a fortified place," . Since the name

Castellcefail

implies fortifications of sorts, the best site seerns to be one 700m 1'.frJW of the present Coedmor mansion, i..11 the same direction as - and near to - the walled gardens. H. M. Vaughan's "remnant of a fortified

place" is either at SN 1 93 -436 or SN 1 95-444, the latter '"!Ould agree with the implication that

Goedmor was in the area of Rhos-hul;

cf.

Gaer(ii) (1 4-b), Trecefail (33-a), hn. Cefail, Coedmor (3-a).

Hen­

The Holt -(SN 1 90-456)[£. the + holt] ; The Holt OS 1 982 Ietgoch -(SN 2 1 2-443) [iet + coch];

[jet'go:x,,

then s�ni'k�ted3, now majs�'hra:v I. Jones]

Tan-denv OS 1 89 1 Kyna.-t ce -(SN 202-450)[E.tn. Kynance (Com.)] ;

[kaj'nans I

Jones]

Kyn.ance O S 1 982

There are hvo examples of the Cornish toponym Kynance (Gwit..lria..11, Mullion)

[ 1 985 o. J. Padel: 275] .

Llandre -(SN 23 8-489) [tn. Llandre] ; Llandre OS 1 982 Llangoedmor -(SN 1 99-458)[1lan + tn. Coedmor

(3-a)] ;

Lancoynmar 1 26 8 Longleat M...S 624, (ec) Lancoytmaur >1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llycb.au, Langoyd.f!l.aur, Lanloidmar, Landlordman 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Lancoydmour 1 302-03rent n. 1 , Magot �.1ore ? 1 3 95/96 Nouadd �AS S , Llancoedma\.vr 1 40 1 ERSt-David p .2 1 6, Llancoytll'.aur 1 40 1 CalPR p. 22, Llancoydmor

VE p . 4 1 2, Llangoidmor h'1 >1 76 1 E.Yardley p. 396, Ll. Goedmor c. l 566EPC,

1 490 ERSt�David p. 5 80, Llangoidmore 1 53 5 VE p . 3 94, Llangoydmor 1 53 6 1 543

Nouadd l\.rlSS,

Llanguadmer

1 557

Llangoydmore 1 567 Nouadd MSS , Llangoedmore c. 1 600 L.Dwnn voL 1 p. 85, o Langoedmor c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 9, Llwyn Goed.tnor c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 3 3 , L!angoedmore 1 606 Prob. St-David, Llangadamaur 1 678 in 1 93 9 BBCS vol. 9 p. 80, Lhan Goedmor 1 722 E. Lhuyd col. 772, Llangoedmor 1 783PR Llandygv;y, Llangoed1nor 1 794PR Blaenporth, Llan Goedmor 1 799EPC, L!ancoed.111a\vr 1 803map J. Singer, Llangoedma\-vr 1 808 S . R l\.rleyrick p. l 76, Llangoedmore OOS 1 8 1 4 Dedicated t o Cynllo ab JMor ab Cenau ab Coel

[ 1 808 s. R 1\1eyrick: 1 20] ; Dyg;vill Gynllo ( 1 6 1 5 EM'NDS] . The Coedmor (3-a); see A1elingynllo (3-a), rm.

church was named after the large wood, whose name is kept in

Nant Pistyllcynllo. L!ech-y-gawres -(SN 23 5-454)[llech + y + cawTes] ;

47

(3) IS-COED Llechygawres 008 1 8 1 4, Llechau 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Lleche 1 8 1 7PR Llandygwy, Llechau Cav.'fence OS 1 834, Lleche cotts. , (c585) Park Lleche 1 838TMS

E of Cmtwes Cawres land as might be expected. Assuming the megalithic monument was nearer this place (and Pantguyn to have been a dismemberment of Cmvres) \Ve rnight \Vant to locate the megalithic monument near Pengambica (3-b), under which stood a field named (c573) Park y Meini [ 1 81 7sur map ] . The late appearance of the plural form llechau (see also sub Llech-y-gawres, 3-b) demonstrates that the defmite article was pronounced [c] in this area, so that Llech-y-gawres could not be distinguished from a homophone *Llechau-gawres. The end result beL.11g a plural form being falsely created h'1 the case of this name. LLECHRYD �(SN 2 1 6-43 8) [llech + rhyd] ; [iezrid I. Jones] ThJaghred 1 30 1 -02 AR_CWW p. 72, Leyed 1 3 02-.-Q3rent n.2, ThJagreth 1 3 04 in 1 936 MRhys p . 3 03 , Leyghtred 1 3 1 4 CalPR p. 99, Llechrede 1 53 5 VE p. 3 94, Lleghredd 1 5 5 0 Nouadd MSS, Llechryd 1 5 57 i n This place is named after the uncertainly located (3-a).

Llech-y-gawres (3-b),

and lies about 1 . 3l1 76 1 E. Yardley p. 3 96, Llechryd 1 56 1 Nouadd l\1S S , 'chapel' Llezerd 1 569 i n 1 93 7 E . ..a.... Le,vis,

Llechreide 1 5 8 1 Nouadd l\1S S, Llochred 1 584 Brom:vydd �.1S S , LlecP.red 1 58 5 Bronwydd MSS , Tyddyn Llec�ryd 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p. 40, Tire Fagwre ym �..1hen y Pant Llecmyd 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O . Edwards p. 40, Leghrid 1 603 G Owen vol. l p. l 02, 'free chapel' Llecherid als. Leghred 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5 ) p. 96, Llechered 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5 ) p. 96, Penpont Llechrid l ?ilicent. in 1 992 PN Pembs. p. 3 9 1 , Lhechrhyd c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 79, Llechrhyd als. Llechryd 1 803rnap J. Singer, 'chapeLry' Lleduyd 1 804PR Aberporth, Llech Rhyd 1 8 1 1 N. Car!isle s . v. Llech

Rhyd,

Lluryd 1 8 1 3

G.Nicholson p. 9, Llechrhyd OOS 1 8 1 4, Llechrhyd OS 1 834, Llechrhyd, Llechryd ucha 1 83 9TM:S , Llechrhyd (Llechryd) 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 5 0 edn) vo1. 2 p. l 7 1 , Llechryd OS 1 89 1 The o f the 1 569 form i s likely t o stand for , which was a medieval English notation for [y , (fourteenth and frfteent.h century eY.amples being

[ 1 924

RC: 4 1 .236-37] ;

Y Ryd Goz ar Ieithon

(Rads. )

vz

for

verch

'daughter' a.11d

[ 1 484> Peniarth J\1S

53:

Ryddz

for pP�

z] Rhydderch

1 0]). Below the bridge there were

stepping stones, Cromv.rell is said to have crossed here. Stones show themselves every so often sum.mers

[inf I. Jones ] .

h'1 dry

Comprising: 1) Brynbedw, 2) Bryngobaitb.., 3) Brynmeilo, 4) Capel-newydd Llech.ryd, 5) Carpenters, 6) Crud-yr-awel, 7) Eg!wys­ fach, 8) Yr Eglwys-newydd, 9) Ficrej(ii), 1 0) Ietgoch, 1 1 ) Llwynadda, 1 2) Loj(i), 1 3) Maes-y-deri, 1 4) M_aeshelyg, 1 5) Maes-y-llan, 1 6) Melin L!eclnyd, 1 7) Nantczymanau, 1 8) Llety-dderwen, 1 9) Penperci-isa, 20) Penperci-ucb..a, 2 1 ) Presely View, 22) Tabemad, 23) TY-ddetwen,

LLECHRYD-ISA

24) Teifi-seid, 25) TY-rhos(ii)

�(SN 2 1 3�43 7)[llech + rhyd (+ isaf)];

[leznd'iJa S. Griffiths, iezrid'i·Ja I. Jones]

Llechrhyd issa OOS 1 8 1 4, Llechrhyd isaf O S 1 834, Llechryd issa 1 833PR Llechryd, Llechrhyd issa 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 5 0 edn) vol. 2 p. 1 7 1 , Llechrid issa 1 83 9TMS, Llec.hryd-isaf OS 1 89 1 Comprising: 1 ) Myrtle!>ill, 2 ) Bronon.ven, 3) Edgehill, 4 ) Gla..11tei:fi.

L!ety�ddenven

-(SN 2 1 1 -443)[lle�; + yr + derwen] ;

[ieti '6erwen, once hehg 'k:>ted3 I. Jones]

Lletterdenven 1 839Tiv1S Cf

Llwynadda

Tanddenven

(3-a),

Ty�ddenven (3-a).

-(SN 2 1 4-430)[llwyn + pn. Addaf] ;

[iujn'a()a I. Jones]

ar war Lloynatha 1 5 5 0 Nouadd �AS S, Tyr Atha ? 1 574 Coedmor l\1S 283, Lloynadda 1 5 8 1 Nouadd �y1S S , Llwynathan, Llwynadda 1 749 Coedmor MS 42, (c) Park Llwyn l\._tha 1 779 l\1. Richardson �AS S p.449, (c) Parklh.;vynadda ma\.vr + bach 1 790 Coedmor M.-8 234, Llwyn-adda 1 834PR Llangoedmor, Capel Llwyn-adda (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Capel Adda 1 983 D. Jenkins p. l 3 b. 1 709 (sic?) [c. 1 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tu.rner: 277] ; b. 1 79 1 cens. : 479; 1 987 B.

J. Rawlins:

1 5 1 ; sign] ;

[ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 479; 1 983 D . JepJcins: J. Rawlins: 1 5 1 ] ; denom. Cl\1.

1 3] ;

reb. 1 829 [ 1 85 1 Rel

rest. 1 878 [ 1 987 B.

=(SN 246-489)[11\vyn + y + bryn] ;

Llwyn-y=br"fll

Llvvyn-y-bryn OS 1 982

L!wyndenven

-(SN 200-450) [llwyn + denven] ;

[iujn'derwen I. Jones]

Lh.vyn Derwen OS 1 982 To have the singular form of a tree name follo·wing llwyn is unusual, and is a pointer that this is a recent house.

L!wynffynnon

-(SN 225-456) [ lh;vyn + y + flYnnon] ;

LhvynfF;nnon 1 822PR Llangoedmor, Llvl';n-ffynon OS 1 89 1 , Llwynff';non 1 924-25 CSRLS 5 See Cawres (3-a). Lhvyngrawys -(SN 2 1 8-460)(llwyn + y + n.

Cra'vvys] ;

48

(3) IS-COED Llv.ygrawis 1 725 Coedmor MS 2,462, Lhvynygrewis 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 1 3, Llwyn y Gravvys, Llwyn y Ga\vys 1 750 Ty-llwyd MSS, Lhvyn-y-gra\vys 1 776map Lhvyngra\vys, Lhvynygrawis 1 776PR Llangoedmor, Lhvyn y Gra,vys 1 803 map J. Singer, Llwynygrowis OOS 1 814, Llwyngrowis 1 820PR Llandygwy, Lhvyngrav•1is 1 821PR L1angoedmor, Lhvynygrawis 1 838TMS, Llwyngrav.')'s OS 1 891 Though the form of 1 747 might lead one to believe so, the adjective greuys '(belongi..rtg to) a stud' (from gre 'stud (of horses)') is unlikely to be the element involved, as all the fom1s, including the earliest point to the term being Crmvys 'Lent'. This place�name may have some connection to the ruined chapel at Pare-cape! (SN 224-462), park'kapd [inf s. Griffith s], (c749) Park Cappel [ 1 838TiviS] . 1\11. Richards [ 1 959 BBCS: 18.180; 1 960 BBCS: 18.378] has shovm that the place named Pwll-y-grawys near Denbigh was a fish­ pool where, in medieval times, fish were stocked for the festival of Lent, cf another (c) Pwlly Gra»ys near the church of Llandingad (Canns.) [ 1 7 1 7118 D.T.M.Jones MSS: 4.509], where we can assume a similar practice; cf Penllwynynyd als. Penllwyn (32-a). Llwyngrawys is not a derived from Llwyn�=gmvres as was supposed by 0. Jones [ 1 875 in 1 993 J. c. Grooms: 67] . Llysawei -(SN 207-446)[llys + a-v•Jel] ; Llys Awel OS 1 982 Llys�y"wem -(SN 207-446)[1lys + tn. Gv.rem[medd] (3-a)] ; Llys-y-wern OS 1 982 Loj(i) -(SN 2 14-44 1 )(Glanolrnarch) [E. lodge] ; Lodge OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891 - 1 904 (OS1 891 ; OS1904). Loj(ii) -(SN 202=450)(Nouaddwilym)[E. lodge] ; Lodge OS 1 89 1 Logyn-fach -(SN 228-466)[halogyn (+ bach)] ; (c) Parke y Rhose Loron.1 ? 1 626 Bromx.')'dd MSS, (c) Park y Rhos Lororn ? 1 628 Bromx.')'dd l\1SS, Login c. 1 775 Manordeifi 1\tiSS p. 8, Loggi..'l.�fach 1 821PR Llangoedmor, Park Logi..rt fach cott. 1 83 8TMS Probably refers to the stream tr..at joined the river Ffrydmor at Dy.ffryn (3-a). The =fach was in opposition to the unlocated Logyn, which adjoined Ty-n{!}vydd (3-a), which, though less than lkm away, must have referred to another stream; cf Fjoslogyn (48-a). Y Longoed -(SN 204-458)[y + 16n + coed] ; Y Lon Goed OS 1 982 Maerdy -(SN 229�45 1 )[tn. Maerdy]; Mardy OS 1 982 Maes-y-deri -(SN 21 5-44l)[maes + y + deri]; Maesyderi OS 1 982 A housing estate. Maeshelyg -(SN 2l l -443)[maes + tn. (Glan]helyg (3-a)]; Maeshelyg OS 1 982 A housing estate; for Glanhelyg, see sub Ty-rhos(iii) (3-a). Maes�y-Dan -(SN 21 5�440)[maes + y + Han] ; :Maesyllan OS 1982 A housing estate. Maesllyn -(SN 227-482) [maes + y + ll)rn]; :Maeslyn OS 1 982 Mar�a=Don -(SN 23 �48 ) [f.pn. lVfar[garet] + a + pn. Don[ald] ] ; [mara d :m D. A . Hughes] M...arendon OS 1 982 Meilston(i) -(SN 222-437)(Llecb.ryd)[E. mile + stone]; [majlsbn I. Jones, majlston S. Griffiths] l\1ilestone Cottage OS 1 89 1 , ·Milestone OS 1 904, Frondeg OS 1 982 Refers to the third :rnilestone from Abertei.fi (1-a) [inf I. Jones] . Melin B!aenpisty!l -(SN 232-476)[melitJ. + tn. Blaenpistyll (3-a)]; [ma.T'velm (desc.), velm,blajn'p:rstd S . Griffiths, ve!i,blajn'piStrl- ( id.) D. A Hughes] �Aelin Blaen Pistyll OS1 834, Blaenpistill �.1ill l 838Tiv'1S, �.1elin Blaen-pistyll (Corn) OS 1 891 Me!i.-tgynllo -(SN 1 99-463)[melin + pn. CyrJlo]; [velm'g �n�� S . Griffiths] Crigmor Mills 1 699 in c. l 702 Ty-llwyd MS 302, Cunllo M...ill 1 7 1 2 Ty-lh\'Yd MSS, Gund Mill 1 720 Bromx.')'dd l\1SS, l\1elin GuPllo 1 792 Hav.\\TW l\1S 24 1 1 9, Felincynllo OOS 1 8 14, Felin-g)TJ!o 1 826PR '

49

.

(3) IS-COED Llangoedmor, Velingunllo 1 83 1 Nantgv.yllt MSS 2/41 5, Felin-cynllo OS 1 834, Felin Cunllo 1 838TMS , Cenlo Mi11 1 841 cens., Felin-gynllo OS 1 891 , Feli.ngunJlo O S 1 982 "The mill in the parish of Langoidmore was built by .Cott. Lev·Jis on ye \vall belonging to the manor of Yskoed �.1ortimer purchased by s . r John Lewis of Rm.vland J\1ortimer 1 4 Jac" [1 699 in c.1702 TY-lhvyd l\1S 302] . l'-.1elingynllo, 1L.�e l'-.1elinbedr (2�a), is the name of a mill containL."'lg the name of the patron saint of the parish. There is a hydronym 17\fant Pisty!lcynllo in the parish, but it does not seem to be an old name, and neither does it run past Afelingynllo. Melin Llechryd -(SN 2 1 8-437) [melin + tn. Llechryd (3-a)] ; Bechered als. Llechered J\1yll 1 560 Coedmor �AS 224, Penyfelin fach, Y Felin fa\\rr (prox.) 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p.40, Llecluyd J\1ill 1 641 Nouadd �..1SS, 'water com grist rnill' Llechryd �..1ill 1 71 4 Coedmor :M S 3 5 , �...1ilL Llechryd Mill Farm 1 839TMS Me!itt Nantllan -(SN 240-481 )[melin + tn. Nantllan (3-a)] ; Nantllan J\1ill 1 838TMS, Melin Nantllan 1 924-25 CSFLS 5 Melin Penrallt -(SN 221 -443)[melin + tn. Penrallt (3�a)]; [i.T've!m, ve!m,pen 'raH I. Jones] Penrallt=y=felin, Penrallt y Felyn 1 836PR Llech.•·yd, Penrallt �..1ill 1 83 8Th1S, Felin Pen-:yrr-allt (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Pen'rallt-y-feli.ll 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p.27, MJll 0Sc. 1 950 Milestone(ii) -(SN 2 1 8-48 1 )(Penparc)[E. wile stone] ; [majlsto:n D. A. Hughes] J\1i!estone OS 1 904 Moelfre -(SN 2 1 4-462)[tn. l\1oelfre]; (c277) Park Lleine Heirion 1 83 8TM.-S, Moelfre 1 924-26 CSRLS 69, Moelfre OS 1 982 b. bet. 1 904-26 [ OS1 904; 1 924-26 CSF..LS 69] . David Le\.vis of Malvern Hall owned Gwernmedd (3-a) in the eighteenth century [1 760CF], which might - feasibly - explain the choice of the name lY!oe�fre (ir1 1 83 8 a Thomas Lewis owned Gwemmedd, Gwemynad and a number of other farms in the parish, wl-t.i!st a \Villiam Heruy Lewis ovmed Llwyngrawys (3-a) \vhich included the site ofJ..1oe!fre [ 1 838TiviS] ) . Myrtlehill -(SN 2 1 3-43 8)[E. myrtle + hill] ; [martJ'h!l I. Jones] Myrtle Hill 1 823PR Aberteifi, Myrtle-hill 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 88, Myrtle Hill O S 1 834, Myrtle Hill, Myrtle Hill House 1 839Th1S Na."ltcrymanau =(SN 209-444)[nant + y + crymanau] ; [nantkld'mane I. Jones] Tir Nant y Crefand 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p. 40, Nantycryrnane 1 747 Coedmor MS 23 5, Hooks Brook 1 749 Coed..mor MS 42, Nanty Crinnane 1 765 Coedmor MS 23 6, 'river called' Nantycrumane 1 782 Coedmor �AS 253, Hooksbrook als. Nantyfriman 1 791 Coedmor J\1S 49, Nantcri.rnane 008 1 8 1 4, Nant­ y-crumany OS 1 834, Nanteri.T.ane 1 838TMS, Nant CrerP.ain 1 839TIAS, Nant-CPjlllanau O S 1 904 Tl>js doubtlessly refers to the stream that enters the river Teifi at Llechryd�isa (3-a), its course rougrJy delineates the shape of a sickle (\V. cryman ), but the plural form cr>ymanau attested in the name appears to dispel such an allusion; cf dail-y-cryman [inf I. Jones] . Nant-y-gof -(SN 203 -45 8) [P.ant + y + gof] ; Nant y Gof 1 583 Grismond Pl-t.i!lips, Nant y Gove 1 585 Grismond Phillips MS S, Tyr Blaen y Gove (prox.) 1 650 Ty�llv.yd MSS, Nantygoge 1 8 1 5PR Llangoedmor, Nantygog 1 820PR Llangoedmor, Nant­ y-go' 1 827PR Llangoedmor, Nantygof 1 83 8TI...1S , Nant-y-gof 0 S l 891 This name may either be the older name of Nant Pistyllcynllo (d), or it refers to the larger stream (SN 1 946/2 1 -47) into which Nant Pistyllcynllo feeds, and which is a tributary of Nant Rhy4fiJ.Wch. Nantllan -(SN 240-483)[nant + y + llan] ; Nant y Llan 1 6 1 0 Nouadd J\1SS, Nantllan 1 760CF, LlorJlan (sic nom.) 1 765PR Tremain, Nanty11an 1 772PR Tremain, Nantllan OOS 1 8 14, Nant�y�llan OS 1 834 ·Refers to the church at Tremain (3-a). NouaddwTJym -(SN 203-449)[neuadd + pn. Gwilym] ; [n:>jab'wihm ! . Jones] Noyadd Gvlilym 1 803map J. Si."'lger, Noyadd William OOS 1 8 1 4, Noyadd ? 1 82 1 PR Aberteifi, Noyaddwilim 1 8 1 8PR Llechryd, Neuadd \lfilym O S 1 834, Noyadd \Villim 1 83 8TMS, Noyaddwillam 1 84 l cens., Neuadd-wilym OS 1 89 1 , Caermaria 1 907 on S4C 1 5/06/96, Noyaddwilym 0Sc. l 950, Caemaria 1 990 W.J.Lewis p.43 In 1 904 mon.ks from Brittany bought Nouaddwilym and converted it i.11to the commuPity of Caermaria, the monastery closed with the \Var of 1 91 4-1 8 [1 990 \V. J. Lewis: 43] . The name Caennaria is a semi­ traP.s1ation h"lto \Velsh of the French form of a Breton place..name Kervaria (F. Kermaria) meaning 'settlement of �..1ari (E. StMary)'.

50

(3) IS-COED Pant-y-bv.rtler �(SN 2 1 8-464)[pant + y + b'vvtler] ; Pant y Buttler 1 697 Cwrt-mawr MSS, Pant y Butler 1 725 Coedmor MS 2462, Pantybwtler c. 1 775 Manordeifi MSS p. 8, Pantybwtler 1 8 1 9PR LlangoecLrnor, Pant-y-bwtler OS 1 834, Panty Butler 1 838TIAS, Pant-y-butler OS 1 89 1 There was a Butler family from Johnston, near Haverford, wJ:.jch O\.vned land in Bayvil (Pembs.) in the late sixteenth century [1 992 PN Pembs: 32]. Pa..11tdwr -(SN 2 1 3-437)[pant + y + dW!-]; [pant'du:r, pant'u:r I. Jones] inf Pantgwybedig �(SN 220�430)[pant + gwybedig]; [glan'arb�9 T. S. Morris] Pantyg'v\ybedig 1 744 Coedrnor MS 534, Pantgwibedig 1 827PR Llech.]d, Pantgobedig 1 839Tl\1S , Glanarberth 1 868 B.Williaw.s p. l 09, Glan-arberth OS 1 89 1 , Plas Glan A.rberth 1 896 (J.Rhys) Cymru vol. 1 1 p. 1 52 Judgi.'1g by the change of r1ame, a IP.aP..sion seeiP..s to have been built here bet. l 839-68 [ 1 839Th1S; OS1 891 ] , cf Parc[pvningod (3=a). The connotations o f Pantglvybedig were not compli.'llentary, and by choosi.'1g the more pleasing Glanarberth, devised a false name for the river suggested by Pont R.hydarberth (3-a) - the river's original name being .�.Hfrydmor (d). The reduced form Pantgobedig of 1 839 is identical to Gobedig (SN 25-28, Cenarth, Carms.), Tythen Gobedig ycha [1 592 M. Richardson MSS: 41 9] , the reduction of gwy- � go­ being found in Middle ''-'elsh, e.g. gwelygordd � golygordd [GPC s.v. gwelygordd], and the hypercorrect gH-ybennydd [ c. l 600 Egerton MS 2586: 79] for gobennydd; see Dolgwybedig (60-a). Pailt=y=�-..lryddyl -(SN 222=44 3)[pant + y + gwyddel] ; Cawrence issa als. Ffynnon y Gv.y'thill 1 764 l\.1.Richardson �v1SS p.43 8, Pantygwithil OOS 1 81 4, Pantygwiddell l 83 8TMS See Cawres (3-a). Pantg\vyn -(SN 239-460)[pant + gvvyn]; [pag'kwm (pla:s + farm) T. S. �Aorris] Pantgwyn OOS 1 81 4, Pantgv.ynn 1 8 1 5PR Llangoedrnor, Pant-gvvyn OS 1 834, Pant Gwin 1 83 8T�..1S, Pantgwyn Farm + Pantgwyn OS 1 89 1 Pant-teg(i) -(SN 1 92-456)(Glanteifi)[pant + teg]; Pant-teg OS1 89 1 Pant=teg(ii) =(SN 2 1 9-443)(l\1elin Penrallt)[pant + teg]; [pan'te:g I . Jones] Pantteg 1 862PR Llechryd, Pant-teg OS 1 904 Parcau -(SN 234-476)[parciau] ; [parke S. Griffiths] Y Park bach ?? 1 6 1 0 Nouadd J\1SS, Parke 1 795PR Llangoedmor, Parcau p_ m OOS 1 81 4, Parcau OS 1 834, Parke 1 83 8Tiv1S, Parciau OS 1 89 1 , Parcau OS 1 904 Parc:ffesant -(SN 201 -442)[parc + y + ffesant]; [parka'fe-sant I. Jones, park�'fesant S. Griffiths] Park y Pheasant 1 823PR Llangoedmor, Park-y-pheasant O S 1 834, Park Pheasant 1 839TI\1S, Farc-y­ pheasant OS 1 891 Parc=y=gors -(SN 228-481 )[parc + y + cors]; [park�'g::>rs S. Griffit hs] Pare y Gors 1 803tnap J.Singer, Ty Hen cott. 1 838TMS, Parc-y-gors OS 1 89 1 Parcgwningod -(SN 220-44 1 )[parc + y + gwningod]; [parkgun'Ig;,d inf. , parkun'Ig:>d I . Jones] Parkgv.reringod 1 760CF, Park GwePingod 1 799map Cawres, Parcweinhingod OOS 1 81 4, Parc-y= cvvn:ingod 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Pare Gv-vyningod OS1 834, Park Cwnhingoed 1 83 8Tiv1S, �v1ill Farm, Park Cwmingod 1 83 9TMS, ParkgwiPingod uch.a + isa 1 84 1 cens., ParkwyP.ingod 1 849PR Cilgerran in 1 992 PN Pembs. p.363, Parc-y-g'.vningod OS 1 89 1 , Glanarberth Farm OS 1 904 Parc!!wyd -(SN 206-446)[parc + lhV';d]; [pa:rk'iujd I. Jones] Park Llwyd 1 697 Cwrt-mawr �ASS, (cs) Park ]\.1aynor Llvvyd + Park y Bulle ?? 1 71 4 Coedmor MSS, Park Lhvyd 1 725 Coedmor MS 2462, Smithy OS1 89 1 , Parc-lh'Vyd OS 1 904, Parclhvyd OS 1 982 It is near Hojodlwyd (3-a), but appears to be an idependent name. Parctincer -(SN 230-458)[parc + y + tincer]; [pant'I!Jker I. Jones] (cl ) Park y Ti11ker 1 799map Cawres, Park-y-tinker 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Park=y-timber (sic) OS 1 834, (c583) Park Dan Ti.'lker, (c722) Park y Tinker 1 83 8TI...1S, Parc-y-tinker OS1 89 1 , Parktinker OS 1 904, PantiP.ker 0Sc. 1 950 It is not far below a \\rild moory spot (see Pengarnbica, 3-b) of the type favoured by itinerant tinkers. Penalltaeddfed -(SN 230-442)[pen + alit + lm. Aeddfed] ; [peraH'ejved T. S . J\1orris]

51

(3) IS-COED Penallt Eythved 1 55 5 Nouadd MS 27, Penallt D. Uddfyd c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 36, Penalltived c. 1795 Coedmor MS 546, Penallteived 1 799map Cawres, Penyrallteifed OOS 1 8 14, Penallteiddfed 1 827PR Llangoedmor, Pen-yr-allt-iefed OS 1 834, Penalltyfed 1 83 8TMS, Pen-yr-allt-iefed OS 1 89 1 , Penyrallteifed OS 1 904 Penrallt-ganoi -(SN 221 -448)[pen + yr + alit (+ canol)]; Penyrallt ganol 1 676 F. C.Winchester (Hove) MSS, Tir-Penyrallt ganol 1688 F.C.Winchester (Hove) MSS, Penrallt ganol 1 838TMS Penrallt House -(SN 221 -442)[tn. Penrallt + E. house] ; [pen,rait'haws I. Jones] Cwmhuigoed 1 83 8TMS, Penrallt House OS 1 982 See Parcgwningod (3-a). Penrallt-isa -(SN 220-447)[pen + yr + allt (+ isaf)] ; [pen,raH'i·Ja I. Jones] Penrallt issa 1 760CF, Penallt issa c. 1 795 Coedmor MS 546, Penallt issa 1 796PR Llangoedmor, Penyrallt issa OOS 1 8 14, Perallt-yssa 1 8 1 9PR Llangoedmor, Penrallt-yssa 1 822PR Llangoedmor, Pen-yr-allt-isaf OS 1 834 Penrallt-ucha -(SN 221 -450) [pen + yr + allt]; [pen,ralt'ax,a I. Jones] Penneralt 1 578map C. Saxton, Plas Pen yr Alit als. Llety y Fidelon Wyre 1 598 in 1 929 I. ab O.Edwards p.40, Pen yr Allt 1 760map E.Bowen, Penyrallt 1 764 MRichardson MSS p.438, Penyrallt 1 795PR Llangoedmor, Penrallt ycha c. I 795 Coedmor MS 546, Pen yr Alit 1 803map J. Singer, Penyrallt OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen'-rallt OS1 834, Pen'rallt 1 83 1 PR Llangoedmor, Penrallt ucha 1 83 8TMS, Pen-yr-allt-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Pen'r-allt-uchaf 0Sc. 1 950 Does the form of 1 598 represent Llety y F.fyddlon Wyr 'the shack of the faithful grandson'? If so it was possibly an ironic jocular reference to the place which was otherwise deemed a plas 'mansion', and it was perhaps the particular grandson (mentioned in this alias) who received the main inheritance, to the detriment of the other possible heirs (leading to this unique alias). Pen-y-cnwc -(SN 207-444)[pen + y + cnwc] ; Penn y Cnwc 1 83 9TMS Pencoed -(SN 204-439)[pen + y + coed]; [pen'k�·jd I. Jones} Johannes Pencoyt ? 1 268 Longleat MS 624, Pencoed 1 839TMS, Pencoed 1 84l cens. Pencraig(i) -(SN 1 97-46 1 )(Plas Llangoedmor)[pen + craig] ; Pencraig c. l 800map Crugmor, Pencraig 1 8 1 9PR L1angoedmor, Pencraig OS 1 834, Pencraig 1 83 8TMS Pencraig(ii) -(SN 21 7-439)(Llechryd)[pen + craig] ; [peJJkrajg I. Jones, 1 995 M. W. Jones p. 1 14] Pencraig c. l 775 Manordeifi MSS p. 9, Pencraig OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-y-craig OS 1 834, Pencraig 1 83 1PR Llechryd, Pencraig 1 83 9TMS Pencraig Lodge -(SN 21 7-438)(tn. Pencraig(ii) (3-a) + E. lodge]; [peukrajg'l�d3 I. Jones] Lodge OS 1 89 1 , Pencraig Lodge OS 1 982 Penffordd(i) -(SN 229-450)(Cawres)[pen + y + ffordd] ; Pen-ffordd OS 1 89 1 , Pen-ffordd OS 1 950, Teg-fan OS 1 982 Penffordd(ii) -(SN 226-485)(Tremain)[pen + y + ffordd] ; Penffordd 1 825PR Llangoedmor, Pen-ffordd OS 1 891 Penffynnon -(SN 2 1 7-48 1 )[pen + y + ffynnonL [pen'fan�n L. Williams, D. A Hughes] Pen-ffynnon OS 1 904 Penfoudr -(SN 227-484)[pen + y + beudr] ; Penfoydir OOS 1 8 14, Pen-y-foidir OS 1 834 Pengnocell-isa -(SN 209-478)[pen + y + cnocell (+ isaf)]; Pen-uchel-isaf (sic) OS 1 89 1 Pengnocell-ucha -(SN 21 0-470)[pen + y + cnocell (+ uchaf)]; Penygnocell 1 83 5PR Llangoedmor, Penygnocell 1 84 1 cens., Pen-uchel-uchaf (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Pen-y-gnocell OS 1 904, Pencnocell 1 924-26 CSRLS 69 Existent [ 1 838TMS]. A common meaning of cnocell is 'woodpecker', but there also exists ka:l'kn�kcl 'receiving a shock' (Beulah, Brees.) [inf W. Protheroe], neither seems suitable for this place-name. There is however a word cnocell 'hillock', attested in 1 722 (GPC s.v. cnocell2] . This appears to be a derivative in -ell of cnwc (cf traethell, priddell), in which case one would expect *cnycell (and a pronunciation *kn1kcl or *knokcl), but it appears that the feminine gender imposed by the derivative suffix -ell, may have changed the expected vowel to , which vowel in Welsh is associated with the feminine gender. There 52

(3) IS-COED are other names vvhich seem identical to this one, though they all suggest

cnocell rather than any form of *cnycell, e. g. (c270) Park Cnockell (SN 2 1 4-466, Llv.yngrmJ,yS land, 3-a) ( 1 838TM:S] ; Cnocell (unloc., l\1anordeifi) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 3 9 1 ] ; Gnochell Gran 1 68 8 (unloc., Lla..r1ddewi Velfrey) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 52 1 ] . Pengraig -(SN 223 -46 l ) [pen + y + craig] ; [peu'grajg S . Griffiths] Penygraig 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Tyr Pen y Graig 1 838Tl\1S, Pencraig OS 1 89 1

Penlan Llechryd -(SN 207-432)[pen + y + glan + tn.

Llechryd (3-a)] ;

[pen'lan I.

Jones]

Penylan 1 749 Coedmor MS 42, Penlan Llechryd 1 783 Coedmor MS 23 9, Penlan 1 803map J. Singer, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 4, PePJan OS 1 834, Penlan 1 83 9TMS

Penlan \Vhite -(SN 243-468) [pen + y + glan + E. sn.

\Vhite] ;

PerJanysticle 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-lan-vvhite OS 1 89 1 , PerJan-\Vhite 1 924-25 C SRLS 5 T. J. & P. Morgan [ 1 985: 1 7] note a very few examples of the surname Gwyn translated into Whyte in Tudor times. There

Pen!lain (i)

is no a priori reason hmvever to believe this is the case here.

-(SN 2 1 2-479)(Penparc) [pen + y + llain] ;

Penllain 1 822PR Fervvig, PerJlain 1 824PR Llangoedmor, Pen-llaL.'1 (P.H. ) O S 1 89 1 , Pen-llain 0Sc. 1 95 0

Penllain (ii)

-(SN 240-499)(Blaefl..an..l1erch)[pen + y + llain] ;

Smithy 1 83 8Tl\if _.S Tremain, Pen-llain O S 1 89 1

Penmain

-(SN 247-472) [pen + y + main] ;

[pem'ejn I.

Davies,

pen'mejn D . A . Hughes]

Llain y Meyn Ciffrivol 1 75 0 Nouadd MSS, Llain y J\1ein Cyfrifo l 1 80 5 Nouadd J\1SS, Llain Ymeyn Ciffrivol 'formerly part of Blaenwennen' 1 822 Nouadd MSS , Llainymeyn Ceffrivol 1 83 0> Nouadd MSS , Pen-wine O S 1 834, Pemnane 1 83 8TMS, Penymine 1 84 1 cens . , Pen-maen O S 1 891 , (pn.) Shoni Penw.ain. 1 922 TS 28/07/22, Pen-mein (rhymes with

brein) 1 989 R Jones p. 92 main in Penmain refers to the unlocated L".1eini-cyfrifol: J!Aeineu Kyvrivol, ldeini Kyvrivo! [ 1 722 E. Lhuyd: 773], Meini Cyvriol [ 1 808 s . R Meyrick: 1 79] . These were runeteen stones, lying confusedly on the

The

ground, only tvvo pitched on their ends, called 'numerary stones' "by the villgar, who cannot easily

E. Lhuyd: 773 ] ; a stone circle [ 1 808 s. R Meyriek: 1 79 ] . Some 400m along the road to Nouadd Tre1awr stood Penlon(i) (4-a) als. Parcmain, w]1ich w..ay be connected. But the _Meineu Hirion near Nouadd Tre-fauw (4-a) [ 1722 E. Lhuyd: 773], located by C. S. Briggs [ 1 982 CER: 9.265] at 1 . 3 km distance at the fork i.fl the road just above Nouadd Tre-fawr (4-a), at SN 258-463, seew.s rather far to lm.ve any connection with Penmain. Penmorfa -(SN 1 89-459)[pen + y + morfa] ; (c) Penmorfa 1 860 M.Richardson MS S p. 320, Pen-morfa OS 1 89 1 C f Ynys-y-moifa (3-b). Penparc -(SN 2 1 4�479)[pen + y + pare]; [pen'park L. \Villiams, S. Griffiths] number them;" [ 1 722

Penypark 1 760CF, Pen y Pare 1 803map J. S inger, Penparc OOS 1 8 1 4, Pen-y-parc OS 1 834, Penpark 1 837PR Llangoedmor, Penpark 1 83 8TMS, 'cott. + smithy' Penpark 1 869 M.Fjc]1.ardson MSS p. 326, Penparc Farm OS 1 982

Penperci-isa -(SN 2 l l -443)[pen + y + perci (+ isaf) ] ; [pen,perki'i·Ja I.

Jones]

Pen=perci O S 1 904, Penpera O S 1 982

Penperci-ucha -(SN 2 1 0-444)[pen + y + perci (+ uchaf)] ; [pen,perki'axa I.

Jones]

Penpera Villas OS 1 982

Penrhiw Cwm Tirllwyd

-(SN 1 95-454)[pen + y + rhiw + tn.

Cwm Tirlhvyd (3�a)];

Pen-rhiw-cv..m-ty-llvvyd O S 1 89 1 , Penrl1iw OS 1 982

Penrhiw-isa - (SN 2 1 9-440)[pen + y + rhiw (+ isaf) ] ; [pennw'i·Ja I.

Jones]

Pen-r!tiw OS I 89 1 , Penrhiw isaf 0S l 904

Penrhiw=ucha =(SN 2 1 9-44 l ) [pen + y + rhiw (+ uchaf)] ; [penrnv'�xa I.

Jones]

Pen-r]1iw-uchaf OS 1 89 1

Penwac -(SN 2 1 9-444)[pen + y + wac] ; [pen'wa:k I.

Jones]

Penywal� 1 828PR Llangoedmor, Penyv;alk 1 84 l cens. , Pen�walk OS 1 89 1

Plas Llangoedmor -(SN

1 96-459)[plas + tn. Llangoedmor (3-a)] ;

Place a Their l7:1bel Vec]1..an ? 1 578 Nouadd MS S , Tir y Plas 1 669/70 M.Fich..ardson MSS p.295, Tir y Place 1 723 M Richardson MS S p. 296, Tyr y Place 1 730 CD 9 1 , T\vyr y Place als. Plas Llangoedmore als. Llangoedmore Place 1 786 1\1. Richardson 1\1SS p. 3 02, Llangoedmav.lf Place 1 808 S . R l\1eyrick p. l 22, Llangoedmore Place 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Llangoedmore O S 1 8 1 4, Llangoedmore Place 1 83 8T1v1S,

53

(3) IS�COED Plas Llangoedmor, 'whose beautiful name has been foolisrJy anglicized into' Llangoedmor Place 1 926 H.M. Vaughan p. 7, Plas Llangoedmor OS 1 982 Present edifice b. l 760 [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 22]; a handsome mansion, built by John Lloyd, esq. , of Plymouth [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1850 edn): 2.41]. Plasmoud'''Y -(SN 201 �438)[plas + y + meudv.y]; Placeymoidw 1 79 1 Coedmor l\1S 49, 'cott. ' Placemeydw 1 80 1 Coedmor �AS 2 1 6, Plasmoidw 1 83 0PR Llectuyd, Plasymoidw 1 834PR Llechryd, Plas J\1oiddw, Plas Moiddu 1 83 9TIAS, Plas-moedu OS 1 89 1 , Plas-y-meudwy OS ! 904 Recently built house [ 1 791 Coedmor MS 49]; t"Pis is doubtlessly a jocular name referring to its remoteness. Pont Rhydarberth �(SN 232�458)[pont + tn. Rhydarberth]; [p:mthrid'arbere I. Jones] Reedar.reth 1 567 Nouadd l\.1SS, R..ltyd Arverth 1 622 Nouadd MSS, Rhyd .A.rvaeth 1 652 Brom.vydd �..1SS, F.hydarberth 1 8 1 9PR Llangoedmor, Pontrhydarberth 1 83 OPR Llangoedmor, Pont R.hyd A..rberth OS 1 834, (c756) Park Rhyd A.rberth l 83 8TMS, Rhydarberth 1 84! cens. , i Bontrhydarberth 1 868 B.Williaw.s p. l 09, Bridge End OS 1 891 , Pontyrdarberth, 'that is' Pont F��yd �t\rberth 1 896 (J.Rhys) Cymru vol. l l p. l 52, Pont-rhyd-arberth OS1 904, na Phont ar fo..rberth 1 989 R.Jones p. l 2 1 ' The name Arberth given to the river Ffrydmor i s falsely deduced from this place�name, see sub Pantgltybedig (3-a). J. Rhys [1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52-53] speculated that this might be the Arberth mentioned as the site of the mai.11 court of Dyfed i.11 the Mabinogi [ 1300Yt (WBRh): 1, 55], and his speculation has developed into a certa:L11ty by some subsequent authors, probably inspired by local patriotism. There can be no doubt that the site of this court was at Arberth (E. ]\farberth, Pembs.), only 4km to the SW of Caste!ldwyran (Canns .) where the Voteporix inscription con:unemorating a sixth century king ofDyfed was found. The site of Pont Rhydarberth is not suitable as it lay in the medieval ki11gdom of Ceredigion, and outside that of Dyfed. The most conclusive proof tr..at Pont Rhydarberth cannot have been the medieval Arberth are its earliest forms of which show the word i.11 composition with rhyd to have been arfaeth, and not arberth. The burden of aifaeth 'intention., design, purpose, plan' in this name remains difficult to discern, though we can compare the Old Welsh tn. Rit Aruaith ar }..1ouric (prox. Pw!LT.eurig, Mons.) [c.1 140 LL: 262] (this latter name seems to exclude aifaeth from being a river�na..>ne, though this is exactly the impression given by the phrase betpull mouric arhit aruaith, found on the same page of LL, which translates 'as far as Pwllmeurig along the A.rfaeth' � I suspect the discrepancy may be explained as due to some confusion between OW. ha rit 'and Rhyd' and ar hit 'along', the fact that there was a Rhydaifaeth in CardigaP.shire, not containing a hydronyn1, strengthens the initiai interpretation of Rit Aruaith). The development of ar:faeth to arberth had occurred by 1 8 1 9 at the latest, tbis may possibly have been int1uenced by arberth isacrif1cei, and certaituy by the Pembrokes:hire Arberth (pronounced Arbeth locally [ 1 958 E. Ll. Williams: 1 3 ]). Poorhouse -(SN 21 2-437)[E. poor + house]; Poor House l 823PR Liecb.ryd, (c7l) \Vori.ard

Phillip ap Evan Howell als. Ty r Ffoesydd bychen 1 73 8 Coedmor MS 1 66, 'tent. once called' T)'f Richard Phillip ap Evan Howell als. Tyr Ffoesydd bychen 'but now known as' Tyrlh-vyd 1 762 Coedmor �y1S 1 67, Tyr Llwyd 1 760CF, Til Lhvyd 1 760map E.Bowen, Tyr Richard Phillip ap Evan als. Tyr Foelsydd bychen 'now called' Tyrlhvyd 1 789 Coedmor M...S 1 77, Tyr Richard P}lillip ap Evan Hm.vell als. Tyr Foesydd, 'now' Tyrllwyd 1 789 Coedmor lV.S 1 73, Tir Llwyd 1 803map J. S inger, T'rrllwyd 1 820PR Llangoedmor, Tir�lhvyd O S 1 8 3 4, Tyrllvl';d 1 83 5PR L1angoedmor, T}'fllwyd 1 83 8Tl\.1S,

Tirllwyd�bach

-( SN 208-45 1 ) [tir + llwyd (+ bach)] ;

[ti,lujd'ba:x,

S. Griffiths]

Ty Lh.vyd bach 1 822PR Llangoedmor, Ty-llwyd O S 1 834, Tirllwyd als. Tirll\\'.Yd bach 1 832PR Coedn10r �.1S 1 83 , Tylhx.'Yd bach 1 83 3 Coedmor �AS 2 1 9, Tyr!lv.yd bach 1 83 7PR Llangoedmor, Tyrlhvyd fach, T)'fllydiach 1 83 8Tl\.1S, Tyr!hvyd als. Tyrlhvyd bach 1 843 Coedmor MS 1 86, Ty-llwyd-bach O S 1 89 1

To=gwyrdd

-(SN 1 97-453)[to + gvvyrdd] ;

Tog,vyrdd O S 1 982

56

Treddafydd

-(SN 20 1 -463) (tref + pn. Dafydd] ;

Tredavid 1 742 Crosswood MSS , Treddafydd 1 8 1 6PR L1angoedmor, Tre Dafydd 1 83 8TM S

Trefurgan-fach

-(SN 1 99-460) [tref + pn. Morgan (+ bach)] ; Tre-forgan-rach O S 1 89 1 Morgan (+ mawr)] ; [t�'v:lrgan S . Griffiths] Trevorgan 1 760CF, Travorgan c. 1 795 Coedmor MS 546, Trevorgan 1 803rnap J. Singer, Treforgan 1 8 1 5PR Llangoedmor, Treforgan OS 1 834, Dre Forgan 1 83 8 TMS, Tre-forgan-fawr OS 1 891

Treforgan-fawr -(SN 20 1 -460) [tref + pn.

Cf sub

Trefwtial=fawr

Troedrhiwloergan (4-a).

=(SN 237=480)[tref + ? (+ mawr)] ;

Trevowtiall als. Trefartr.a 1 6 1 7 Alltlwyd l\.1SS , Trev\\1tial 1 682 EE\V 1\1SS, Trefvv1ial l 768PR Tremain, Tref\vtial fawr 1 779PR Tremain, Trefwttial 1 803PR Aberporth, Trewittial OOS 1 8 1 4, Tref-v..rtial OS 1 834, Trefotial fawT (sic loc. ) 1 83 8TMS, Tre\vitial-fawr, Trewittial fawr 1 838TM�, Trefwtial OS 1 904

Tref\l1ial�fach

=(SN 236=479)[tref + ? (+ bach)] ;

Trefvvtial fach 1 774PR Tremain, Trevutial issa 1 79 1 Coedmor 1\1S 49, Tref.vtial fach 1 803map J. S inger, Trewitial-fach, Trewittial fach 1 838TMS

Tremain

-(SN 23 5-486) [tref + yr + main] ;

[�n,tre'majn M.

Jenkins]

Sancti l\1ichaelis de TresrrlalL."l 1 1 59-8 1 Papal Doc. in 1 904 E. Pritchard p. 1 5 0, 'terra' Tremeyn 1 242 Litt.Wall. p. 3 8, Trefmayne 1 53 5 VE p.393, 'chapell' Tresmayne 1 53 9 in 1 904 £.Pritchard p. 77, Trer Main c. 1 566EPC, Tre 1\lf ...ayne 1 578tnap C. Saxto11.., Tremaine 1 598/99 Nouadd MS S, o Dre'nnaen c. 1 600 L.Dv·/ml vol. l p. 3 3 , Tren Main 1 606EPC, Tremeyne als. Tremayne 1 61 6 in 1 904 E.M.Pritchard p. 97, Tremayn 1 603-25 T.I . J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 96, Tremain 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-3 7, Tre-main 1 760CF, a Tb..remein 1 790 Rep\V�ASS vol. 1 p . 62, Trev Main 1 799EPC, Trema:yn 1 803map J. S inger, Tremein 1 804PR Aberporth, Tre Maen als. Tre Mein 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s . v. Tre Mae11, TreiT'..aine OOS 1 8 1 4, Tremein 1 823PR Aberportl1, Tremaen 1 83 0PR Aberporth, Tremai.'l, St. J\.1ichael's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , o Dre'r Main 1 93 8 R J. Thoro-as p. l l 3 Refers to Llech-yr-ast (2-b); cf

Penmain (3-a);

see Nantllan

(3-a).

Tremle -(SN 243-490) [trem + lie] ;

Tremle OS 1 982

Trewinsor -(SN 222-470) [tref + E. sn.

\Vindsor] ; [tre wmJ:lr S. Griffiths] '

Trefv·;ynsor 1 5 50 Nouadd MS S, Tre Wynsor c. l 600 L. D\.\'!111 vol. l p.33, Trewinsor 1 689/90 Crosswood �1SS , Tre Windsor 1 760map E. Bowen, Trewindor 1 777PR Aberporth, Trewinsor fach (prox.) 1 783PR Llangoedmor, Dre \Vinsher >1 784 i."l 1 983 D . Jenki."lS p. 1 2, Trewinsor 1 803map J. Singer, Trewindsor

(c) Park Drewinsor, Dre \Vi."ldsor 1 83 8TIAS, Trewindsor Farm O S 1 982 Windsor (l.uamphey, Pembs.), Wyndishore 1 259; Windsor (urJoc., St Thomas, Haverfordwest, Pembs.), Vyndessors 1 296 [ 1 938 B. G. Charles: 1 3, 81 ] ; lt-ard to explair1 [ 1 938 B. G. Charle.s: 1 3 1 4] ; Windsor (Berks., England), found five times in England, and once i..11 Pembrokeshlre, means 'river-bank with a windlass' [ 1 970 M. :Richards et al. : 1 94]. The name Windsor came to this spot as a surname, as the location was not near any navigable river. OOS 1 8 1 4,

Cf

-

The land of Emlyn (i.'1cluding Cilgerran and Newcastle Emlyn) was seized by the )..nglo-French about 1 1 1 0 by Gerald of \Vindsor, constable of Pembroke, whose heirs were still in possession of it in the latter

Lloyd: 2.425] , whether he took part L'1 the contemporary conquest of if he did not it seems obvious that sometime during that century the Windsor family of Emlyn acquired Trewinsor, leaving their name as testimony. IoPnerth Fynglwyd [f1.1480-1527: 1 3 1 ] wrote Gwinsor for Windsor (Berks.). Troedrhiw -(SN 228-473)[troed + y + rhiw] ; half of the twelfth century

(1911

J. E.

Ceredigion alongside the Clares is not knoW!l.., but even

Tir Troedyrhi-...v ? 1 650 Ty-llwyd 1\1S, Troed y Rhiw 1 706 F. C.\Vi.'lchester (Hove) 1\1S S, Troed y Rhiw 1 760CF, Troedyr}liw OOS 1 8 1 4, Troedyrhew 1 83 8TMS, Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1

Trympeg-bach

-(SN 1 98-452)[trympeg + bach] ;

[k:>jdm:Jr'bd3 I.

Jones]

Turnpike bach 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor, Coedmore�lodge 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor, Turnpi.�e�bach OS 1 834,

(c1015)

Park Turnpike bach 1 83 8TMS, Turnpik bach + Coedmore Lodge 1 84 1 cens.,

(c) Par

Turn Pike

bach 1 857 Coedmor MS 203 , Coedmore Lodge O S 1 89 1 The origi..11al Carmarthen road went through Pont-Hirwem

(4-a), but the new road to Carmarthen was built [ 1 803map J. Singer]) . However, this does not seem to have been the replacement of Gat Rhydfinvch (1 -a) which was so situated that it was through to Llechryd (and these improvements go back at least to 1 803

57

(3) IS-COED able to oversee traffic on both the old and the new roads. It is likelier that despite its name Trympeg�bach was not a proper turnpike gate (i. e. belonging to the Turnpike Trust), but was the gate guarding the entrance to the domain of Coedmor (3-a) 21! in any dialect. Furthermore, it seems strange to find it lenited, and causing the lenition of bach. If is supposed to stand for *Faenor-jach, I am at a loss to say to what administrative unit it refers to; cf (c) Park }..!aynor Llwyd [1714 Coedmor MSS] (?= Parcllwyd, 3-a). Coedgwastad -(SN 1 99-43 5)[coed + gwastad] ; Old \Vood 1 80 1 Coedmor l\AS 2 1 6, (cl 3 ) Old \Voo d 1 83 9Tl\y1S, Coedgwastad OS 1 89 1 Coed�ne\lrydd -(SN 1 97-442) [ coed + nev.ydd] ; Coednewydd OS 1 89 1 The -newydd i s i n opposition to Coedgwastad (3-b) . 59

(3) IS-COED Cored Cilgerran -(SN 1 95-432)[cored + tn. Cilgerran (Pembs.)] ; Gurgitem apud Kilgaran 1 3 14 CalPR p.99, The King's Wear of Cilgerran 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 67, The King's Wear at Cil Gerran 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Cardigan The weir at Cilgerran was known to G..raldus Cambrensis and George Owen [ 1 974 J. G. Jer>.kins : 34] ; G. Owen called it "the greatest weare of all \Vales" [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 79] . It had been destroyed by order of Edward I, but his son granted that it was to be rebuilt [ 1 3 1 4 CalPR: 99] . The stone pillars of the weir were removed c. l 800 to ease navigation by the industrialist Benjatr.in Hammet [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 80] ; see 1 959 I. J. Sanders pp.3 32-33. Ty'rgored (SN 1 94-432, Cilgerran, Pemhs.), Ty'r-gored [ 1 867 J. R . Pl>illip s: 1 80], was a little cottage above the coP.:fluence of the Phsgog and the Teifi; "the house where the captured fish were taken to and weighed" , "the ren1ains of which stood within the memory of the living generation, was situated directly under the Castle, on the rr.rer's bank, and to the east of the Plysgog Brook;" [ 1 867 J. R. Pr..illips: 1 80]; \Vilham Elliot's engraving after the painter Richard Wilson, published 1 775, shows Ty'rgored [ 1 867 J. R. Pr..illip s: 1 80] . Cored Llechryd -(SNc. 2 1 3-43 6)[cored + tn. Llechryd (3-a)t Coedmore Weir 1 749 Coedmor :rviS 42, The Great Weare 1 788 Coedmor l\.1S 623 , Koydmor Wear 1 79 1 Coedmor J\1S 49, Coedmore \Vear 1 8 1 9 i n 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 95, (c) Dol y Gored 1 867 J.R.Phillips p. 1 60, The Weir at Llechryd c. 1 902 E.RHorsfull-Tumer p. 1 96, The Gored 1 969 CER vol.6 p.3 1 9, The Gored 1 970 CER vol. 6 p. 3 1 9, (cs) Gwar Gored, Gored, Awel y Gored (prox., in river) 1 974 J. G.Jenkins p. l 40 There is mention of the fisheries of Llechryd in the fourteenth century ( 1 3 1 4 CalPR: 99], but in the eighteenth century a weir \Vas constructed a mile upstream from Cored Cilgerran (3-b) [ 1 974 J. G. Jenkins: 35] , probably as a replacement. It was in existence in Queen Anne's reign ( 1 702-1 4), when it \Vas granted to the Coedmor family [ 1 867 J. R. Pr..illips: 1 80]. Coedmor (3-a) had fishi.'1g rights from Cored Llechryd to Pont Aberteifi ( 1 -b) [c. 1785 Coed."llor MS 62 9] , in 1 78 6 the weir gave way [ 1 788 Coed."llor MS 623] , and it was destroyed by Rebecca rioters in 1 844 [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 8 1 ] ; dest. 1 843 [ 1 990 w. J. Le·wis : 1 27 ] ; " . . . remains are now to be seen a little above Castle M�elg\�;n;" [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 179] . Pen-y-gored (SN 2 13-435, Cilgerrar., Pemhs.), got its name from this weir, and was a tin works b.bet. 1 764-70 [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 59], but the tin vmrks were destroyed c. 1 806 [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 1 63]; Penygored Works 'iron and tin manufacturers' [ 1 792 Coedmor MS 459] ; Ty mawr, Tymawr�y�glvaith [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips : 1 39] . Sir Benjatr.in Hammet, proprietor of the tin works, built the original mansion at Pen-y-gored [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 25, 1 3 9] ; its name was replaced by that of a nearby farm of Castelbnaelgwn [ 1 8 1 0 R. Fenton: 274]; Castle Mal/rum [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 9]; Penygored, 'afterwards wisnomered' Castle �Mae/gwyn [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 25] ; Castle Malgwyn Hotel [OS 1 982]; "This place was formerly called Penygored from its proximity to the weir across the river belonging to CoedmavJT; and by that name it is still assessed in the parochial rate books. " [ 1 867 J. R. from A bercuch past Llechryd on the Phillips : 1 38 ) . The leat or canal � called kan'el in \Velsh [inf I. Jones] Pembrokeshire side of the river was built for the works at Pen-y-gored [ 1 867 J. R. Phillips: 160], cf Droifa �

(4-a).

Crug(i) -(SN 222e479)(Penllech�yr�ast)[crug]; Crug OS 1 834 Crug(ii) -(SN 249-489)(Blaenannerch)[crug] ; Crug (sic loc. ?) OS 1 834, Tumulus OS 1 982 Cwmdu(i) -(SN 206-437)(Cnwc-y-dal)[cvvm + du] ; Cwm�du OS 1 89 1 Cwmdu(ii) -(SN 1 94-444)(C,;vrcoed)[cwm + du]; [kom'di: 1 996 o n S4C 1 5/06/96] Cv·nn Du OS1 891 Dolgamlan -(SN 226-433)[dol + cam + glan]; DolgawJan OOS 1 8 1 9, Ddolg�TJon 1 83 8 TMS, Herllyn (name of the meander) 1 874 B.Willia..T.s in 1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 388, (c) Dala (prox. , in river) 1 974 J. G. Jenkins p. l 49 This meadow, on the Pembrokeshire side of the river Teif1, in front of Manordeifi church, is an old meander whose neck was shortened by the river. Memory of its former appurtenance to the northern side of the river Teifi kept it in Llangoedmor and Cardigansbire. "From Dol Droefa [i. e. Droifa (4-h)] down towards Llechryd the river is called Herllyn which properly (sic?) belongs to the original course of the Teivi which was under the parish clerk's house and on under the quarry and the old rectorj house [i. e. of

60

(3) IS-COED Manordeifi (Pembs.)] (where I was born and bred) now in ruins . . . " [ 1 874 letter 05/1 1 174 B. Williams in 1 967 CER: 5.3 88] . In all likelihood Herllyn stands for Hirllyn 'long lake'; cf Penhebrysg (49-a). Llech-y-gawres -(SN 225-453)[llech + y + cawres] ; Lhech y Go\vres 1 722 E .Lhuyd co1. 773, Llech y Gowres c. 1 75 7 L.Morris p . 266, (c6) Park Nain Gron ? 1 799map Cawres, Llech y Ga\\Tes 1 808 S . R J\1eyrick p. 1 1 9, (c706) Pare l\1ain Gron ? 1 838TMS The exact location of this megalithic monument is not cer+..ain (pace the instructions of E. Lhuyd [ 1 722: 773] that it stood on a small bank or rising in a plain open field). This was a very large cromlech destroyed c. l 77 5 Lfl order to w.ake gate-posts [ 1 993 J. c. Grooms: 66] . l C. Grooms [ 1 988: A-52] suggests it has some connection with a field named Park Nain Gron or Pare Main Gron (which I have corrected to a more probable *Pare .A/faencrwn the 'round stone' referring to the cap of the cromlech). It n:m.y have stood on the site of a kidney-shaped cropmark 400m NE of Cawres (3-a) at SN 2263-4565 [1 985 Arch.Wales: 25. 18], "a possible univallate defended enclosure" [ 1 985 Arch. Wales: 25. 1 8] , suggested t o have been a passage tomb [ 1 993 C.Grooms: 67] . The site of this monument is further confused by the location of the cottage Llech-y-gawres (3-a), which lay 1 . 3km E of Cawres (3-a). The coupling of cawres 'giantess' with a megalithic monument is far from being unknown, e.g. the chambered cairn named Barclodaid-y-gawres (SH 32-70, Llanfuelog, AngL), Ffedogaid-y-gcmwes (Bwlch-y-ddeufaen, Caerr>.s.) [GPC s.v. ffedogaid] (cf Camsaithwraig, 32-b). Note (c) Gmvres gowres (SJ 08-01 , Llanwyddelan, Monts.) less than 500m from the parish church o f Llanwyddelan; cf (c) Cae-gmvres (sub Cribynclotas, 25-b). Pengarnbica -(SN 236-463) [pen + y + earn + pica] ; [bengarn'bika M. Jenkins] -

Pengarnbica 1 924-26 CSRLS 69, Pen-caer-bica 1 989 R Jones p. 98

An old moory nook (hen gomelyn rhoslyd) of land [ 1 989 R Jones p.98] . Pont Llechryd -(SN 2 1 7-436)[pont + tn. Llechryd (3-a)]; [b:mt'kznd 1 Jones] Llechryd Bridge 1 789 Coedmor MS 1 74, Pont Llech..ryd 1 803 B . H.Malkin p. 1 44, Llechryd Bridge OS 1 982, Pont Llechryd 1 984 Gambo n. l 9 b. l 65 5 or 1 659

[ 1 978 CER: 8.333). P...vH-y-rhwyd -(SN 1 93 -43 5)[pwll + y + rh-vvyd] ; Pwllyrhwyd 1 84 1 cens. , Pwll-y-rhwyd 1 867 JRPbillips p. 1 75 , Netpool 1 867 J RPhillips p. 1 8 1 , Pwll y Rhwyd 1 974 J. G. Jen.lcins p. l 4 1 A little cottage under

Ynysffmsh

Coedmor (3-a) [ 1 867 J. R. Pbllips: 1 75]; cf Nepwl (1 -a). [i·nis'fmJ L Jones]

-( SN 2 1 7-43 6)[ynys + E . sn. Finch] ;

Medd c. 1 970ro..ap !.Mathias

Ynys-y-morfa -(SN 1 8 8-454) [ynys + y + morfa] ; ( c973) Island 1 83 8TMS, Rosehill J\1arsh OS 1 89 1 ,

Ynys y l\1orfa c. l 970map I. J\1athias

\Vas an island until the stretch of the Tei:fi called

Ffedog (named because it widened like an apron) \vas Fforest (Cilgerran) [inf I. Mafr.ias ], the E branch was newly cut [(c972) 1 838TM:s] ; cf Penmoifa (3-a).

filled-up with debris from the quarries at according to the tithe rrm.p

61

(4) IS-COED

Aberaeddfed -(SN 230-434)[aber + hn. Aeddfed] ; [aber'ejved I. Jones, aber'i·ved T. S. Morris] Aberived Cottage 1 758map J.Butcher, Abereifed OOS 1 8 1 4, .Aber-iefed OS 1 834, Aberifed 1 839T�1S , Abereifed Cottage 1 84 l cens. , Aber-iefed OS 1 89 1 , Abereifed >1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/1 2, Aberirid 1 90 1 Llwyndyrys MSS p. 26, Aber-e:ifed OS 1 904 A new cottage is erecte.d . . . with about six acres of land [ 1758map J. Butcher] . Abertrinant -(SN c. 272-45 l ) [aber + tri + nant] ; Abercrynant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abertrinant ? 1 827PR L!angoedmor The site seems to be at the convergence of three streams so I have preferred the interpretation Abertrinant to Abercrynant. Allt-y-bwla -(SN 260-422)[tn. Allt-y-bwla[-hen] (4-a)]; [alt�'bu-la T. S . Morris] Gallybwla + Dole Gelly Gunhf'ur 1 80 1 Llwyndyrys l\AS S, .AJltybw!a OOS 1 8 1 2, Alit y Bw!a OS 1 834 Does the 1 80 1 name reveal an older name for this Allt-y-b-wla? Allt-y=bwla=hen =(SN 260-428)[allt + y + bwla (+ hen)]; [ait�,bu,la'he:n T. S . I\1orris] i\lt y Bwla 1 65 l rent, "AJlt y Bwla 1 760CF, Galltybv.;la Hen 1 778PR Llandygwy, "AJlt-y-bwla-hen OS 1 834, Allt-y-bwla-hen OS 1 89 1 See sub Pant-y-bwla (7-a). Allt=y=cadno -(SN 266-464) [allt + y + cadno] ; (c) Gallt y Cadno 1 757 Nouadd MS S, AJlt-y-c.adno 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Galltyc.adno OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gallt­ y-cadno O S 1 834, Allt y Cadno 1 839TMS, Galltyc.ad.r10 1 84 1 c.ens. Alltgudd-fach -(SN 275-4 1 9) [allt + ? (+ bach)] ; Dan-alltgi-isaf OS 1 834, Dan Alit Gudd incla, Danallt Gudd 1 83911\tf� , ..AJlt-gidd-:fach OS 1 891, Alltgudd­ :fach OS 1 904 AUtgudd-fawr -(SN 275-422)[allt + ? (+ mawr)] ; DaP.alltcyhydd OOS 1 8 1 2, Dan-alltgi-uchaf OS 1 834, Dan Allt Gudd uchaff 1 83 9TMS, Danalltgydd 1 84 1 cens. , .AJlt-gidd OS 1 89 1 , Alltgudd OS 1 904, Alltgudd fa\vr OS 1 982 The term cyhudd is pronou.'1ced ki:() in Pembrokeshire, but ki'hi:() in Cardiganshire [inf.], according to the Cardiganshire realisation of other words wit.'i. medial (viz cyhyd, g�-vahan, g�-vehydd etc. ) the reduced variant should also be expecte.d Ll'l Cardiganshire, maybe this realisation obt..ained in C.ardiganshire at one ti.rne, but for some reason or another, it has been wholly superseded by the disyllabic pronunciation at present. For that reason, and because its situation seems to suit cyhudd 'shade' better than cudd 'hidden', I am more in favour of the mearing cyhudd 'shade', though as it is a noun the name should be written Alltcyhudd; some eighteenth-century forms of this place-name might enable us to ascertain the original word in this place�name. Allt-Hirwern -(SN 258-429)[allt + lt.rt Hirwern] ; Pen-y-rallt Hyrwen, 'common' Y Alit Hyrwen 1 575/76 F. Green J\1SS vol.25 p. 1 89, Gathhirwen 1 775-76 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 71 , Rallt 1 8 1 4PR Llangoedmor, Gallt Hirwen 1 824PR Llandygwy, Rallt OS 1 834, Alit Penyfai ? 1 84 1 cens. Aurfryn -(SN 295-455)[aur + bryn] ; Aurfryn OS 1 904 Awe!fryn -(SN 248-445)[awel + bryn]; Awelfryn OS 1 982 Beili -(SN 248-435)(beili]; [bejli T. S. l\.1orris] Tire y Baily ycha + yssa 163 0 Nouadd MSS, Baily 1 752PR Llandyg\vy, Bailey OOS 1 8 1 2, Baili OS 1 834, Baily 1 839Th1S, Bailey OS 1 891 Berllan -(SN 246-42l ) [y + perllan] ; [berian T. S . �1orris] Berllan 1 760CF, Perllandywydd ? 1 76 1 -62 i..11 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 65, Berllandywyll ? 1 762-63 i..11 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 65, Berllan 1 794PR Llandyg\vy, Berllan 1 803rnap J. Si.11ger, Berllan OS 1 982 Berlian-fach -(SN 245-420)[y + berllan (+ bach)] ; Berllan-fiich OS 1 89 1 Bethesta -(SN 26 1 -45 l ) [Bibl.tn. Bethesda] ; Bethesda Clt.ap. (Indt. ) OS 1 89 1 , Bethesda, Newc. Emlyn c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.278, Bethesda Chapel OS 1 904, Chapel OS 1 982 62

(4) IS-COED b. l 839-41 [ 1 851Rel cens . : 480; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tus

M. Davies,

n�ja�'kr�s

T. S .

Jones]

Cross Ffordd ? 1 83 3PR Llandyg\\), Croesffordd (two cotts. ) ? 1 86 8 Nouadd 1\1SS , Neuadd Cross (P.H.) O S 1 89 1 See Cros-fach (4-a). Crudrawel(i) -(SN 288-474)(Biw!a)[crud + yr avvel] ; [ kr id 'rawel :J\1.

Davies]

Cmd yr Av;el O S 1 982

Crud-yr-awel(ii)

-(SN 28 1 -43 0)(Capeltyg,vy) [crud + yr + awel] ;

Crud-yr-awel O S 1 982

Cwmaeddfed

-(SN 234-445)[cwm + hn. Aeddfed] ;

A.eddfed

Cwm

[kum'ejved

T. S . Morris]

1 8 1 3PR Llandygwy, Cwm-iefed OS 1 834, Cwmeifed 1 833PR Llandygv.y, Cwmeifed

1 83 9TMS, Cwm-iefed OS 1 89 1

Cwmgwenyn

-(SN 2 58-436)[ cwm + y + gwenyn] ;

Cwmgwenyn 1 8 1 7PR Llandygv.ry, C\.\rm-gwenyn OS 1 89 1 , C'.vm-gv-1enyn OS 1 904

Cwmllwydrew -(SN 23 5-448)[cwm + llv.ydrew] ; [kum'hdrew

T. S . Morris]

Cwm Llwydrhew 1 8 1 4PR Llangoedmor, Cwmllydrew 1 84 1 cens.

Cwmtawel -(SN 270-43 l ) [c'.vm + tawel] ; Cwm-tawel OS 1 8 34, C'.vmta'.vel 1 83 5PR L1andyg'.vy

Cwrt-hen -(SN 273-453 ) [cv.rt (+ hen) ] ; Court 1 796PR Llandygwy, Cwrt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwrt OS 1 834, C v..rt 1 84 1 cens . , Cwrt-hen O S 1 89 1 , Cvvrt­ hen 0Sc. l 950

Cwrt-newydd -(SN 270-45 1 ) [C'.'Vrt (+ ne'.x.rydd)] ; Cv.'ft-nev.rydd OS 1 834, Cv.'ft-nev.rydd 1 84 l cens.

Cwrt-y-person

-(SN 242-43 8)[ cv.rt + y + person];

Cwrtyperson 1 749PR Llandygwy, Cwrt y Person 1 83 9TMS prox. Llandyg\vy church.

Cymydd-bach

-(SN 277-485) (cymydd + bach] ;

[kumi�'ba:x I.

Cv.mydd-bach OS 1 89 1

67

Davies]

(4) IS-COED Ddoi ( SN 245-41 8)[y + dol]; Ddol 1 760CF, Ddole 1 783 Llwyndyrys MSS, Ddow 1 80 1 Lhvyndyrys MSS, Thornville, 'formerly calle.d' Ddol 1 807 Lhvyndyrys MSS, Thornville 1 8 1 1 Cambrian 07/09/1 1 , Dol 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 33, Ddol 008 1 8 1 9, Dol OS1 834, Ddole, Ddol 1 839TMS, Ddol Barn ? 1 84 1 cens., Thorn Villa 081 89 1 , Thorn Villa OS 1 904, heibio'r Ddol > 1 900 in 1 91 2 TS 02/08/1 2 L'1existent [OS 1 982] . Three sections o f meadow nearby, belonging t o Llwyndyrys (4-a) between Tf"rallt (4-a) and Berllan:fach (4-a) were kno-vvn as Dolcuwtne (SN 243-425), Dol Courteney [ 1 758map J.Butcher], Dol Courtnay [ 1 782 Llwyndyrys MSS : 18], Dol Courtenay [ 1 786 Lhvyndyrys MSS : 1 9] . However, the Llwyndyrys estate \vith those 3 sections of meadow, belonged to the Griffiths family during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, \vhilst Ddol \vas O\vned by a certai.'1 Thomas Joh.11 Rid:mrd in 1 760 ( 1760CF] , so that it is unli.."'vmcigiau, Cacrns.) [ 1 939 I. \Villiams : 1 57] . Felin-fach -(SN 263-440)[y + melL� (+ bach)]; [ve!m'va:x T. S. 1\1orris] Felin fach OOS 1 81 2, Veli.'1 fach 1 825PR Llandyg\\], Melin-fach OS1 834, Blaenpant :!'-.1ill 1 839Tl\IIS , Fel:in�:ffich OS 1 89 1 , Felin 0Sc. l 950 Ffoscesyg -(SN (ii)25 1-488)[ffos + y + cesyg]; Ffos y Cessig 1 754PR Aberporth, Ffoes y Cessig 1 77 1 PR Aberportl1, Ffos y Chesyg 1 774PR Aberporth, Ffosychessig 1 778PR Aberporth, Ffos y Cessig 1 779PR Aberportb., Ffoesygesig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Foes y Cessig 1 81 7 Nouadd MSS, Foes y Caseg 1 8 1 7sur map, Ffos-y-gesig O S 1 834, Ffoes y Casseg, 'pt. of Ffoes y Cesseg 1 837TiviS Aberporth, Ffos Gessig, Ffosgessig (i) 1 838TMS Tremain, Ffos-gesyg (ii) OS1 89 1 , Ffos-gesyg O S 1 904 i) SN 252-489. 1 838. Just over the stream i..11 Llangoedmor. ii) SN 25 1 -488. 1 891 . Theffos referred to may be the tributary of the river Ffrydmor is crossed by the main road at Rhyd (5-a); cf. BlaeP.jJos (4-a). Ffos=yr-hendy ( SN 282-462)[ffos + yr + hen + tu'gripil E.

it Rees,

f�n=>g'griprl

T. S. Morris]

Ffynnon Cripill 1 720 Nouadd M � S, Fynon Crepil1 1 720 Ffynnone MS S p. l 3 6, Ffynnon Cryppil 1 75 1PR Llandygwy, Ffynon Crippril 1 783PR Llandygwy, Ffynon Crippil 1 79 1 PR Llandyg\V'J, Ffyp..noncrippil OOS 1 8 1 4, Ffynnon-crippil 1 8 1 4PR Llandyg\\1)', Ffyr1non Crippel 1 8 1 7sur w.ap, Ffyn11ongrippil 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 96, Ffynnon Crupl O S 1 834, Ffynnon Cripil 1 832 Llw)ndyrys Ffynnoncrippel 1 83 9TMS, Pembri.'1bwa als. Fynnon Cripil 1 840 Nouadd Nouadd MSS , F�'1on Cripil O S 1 89 1 There was a

(c) Bishops Parcel \vithi.11 the

farm o f Ffynnoncrup! [ 1 8 32

l\1SS p. 22, Ffynnon Crippil, J\1SS, Fynnon Cripple 1 8 5 8

Llwyndyrys MSS: 22] , this wight have

something to do with the li..lllit of the episcopal lordship of Llandygv•.'Y, w:bich may have been stream from

Pont F.hyd-dchtfn (4-b)

to

Tafarnbugai! (4-a)

so that part of Ffynnoncntpl

land

lay withi.11 the lordsbip and

part without. The burden of crupl in tl>is name probably refers to reputed curative powers.

Ffynnonddewi

-

( SN 250-430)[ffynnon

+ pn.

Dewi] ;

Tir Ffynnon Ddewi 1 6 1 0 Nouadd M� S , Ffyrmon Ddewi 1 822PR Llandygwy, F:fyn.11on DdeYvy 1 83 9TM�, FfyP.honddewi 1 84 1 cens. , Ffynnon-ddewi OS 1 904

Ffynnondyrgi -(SN 277-432)[ff';nnon + y + dyfrgiL [fm:>n,5urgi'vowr + 'va:x (prox. ) E. A.

Rees]

FrJnnon-dd\vrgi 1 77 1 PR Llandygwy, Ffyfion \X/rddi 1 790PR Llandygv.'Y, FfyrL."lon-dwrgi OS 1 834, Ffy:nnon D\.vrgy 1 83 9TMS, Ffynonddwrgy 1 84 1 cens. , Ffyrmondd\.vrgi fawr, Ffynnondd\.vrgi fach (prox. ) 1 9 1 4 John Francis

MSS

voL 2 p. 1 05, Ffynonddwrgi-fawr, Ffynondd\.vrgi-fach (prox. ) 1 91 4 Welshman

1 0/07/ 1 4

(4-b) 2k.'TI t o the 1-m , Ffynnondyrgi (3�a).

The form of 1 790 i s rew.ir.iscent o fAlit Langwrddi i."l this name is but a popular reanalysis, cf

Ffynnongarreg -(SN 267-429)[ffynnon + y + carreg] ; FfyP..non Garreg 1 763-64 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66,

and arouses suspicior..s that

dyfrgi

Ffyn.11on Garreg 1 8 1 6PR Llandygwy, Ffynnon-gareg

OS 1 89 1 , Ffym10n Garreg OS 1 982

Ffynnonhwenv -(SN 277-420)[:ffyno n n + chwerw] ; Ffjnnonferw 1 84 l cens., FrJnnon�wernw O S 1 89 1 , Ffynnon-wherw O S 1 904, F�"lon�wherw 0Sc. 1 950, Iona 08 1 982

Ffynncn!eicli -(SN 257-423)[fi'JP�11on + E.

li..�ely ? ];

[f�n:>n'lejkli

T. S . l\1orris]

Ffynnon Likely OOS 1 8 1 9, Ffyr,non-licey (sic lee. ) OS 1 834, Ffynnon-licli OS 1 89 1 , Ffynon Leicki 1 92426 CSRLS 3 5 , Ffyr.non Leici (sic) 1 954 F. Jones p. 1 58 , Ffynon-licli OS 1 982 It seems that the second element is

E. likely, which might have the meaning 'promising, suitable', in a Welsh toponyw_ From the above forms it is apparent that some Lleucu, though Lleucu iejki -j> lejkli is an irregular development, and \:vould

otherwise it is difficult to see its use have believed it to be for

have to be motivated by popular etymology.

Ficrej

-

( SN 240�43 6)[£. vicarage] ; [v1kred3 T. S. Morris] Vicarage O S 1 891

Frcn -(SN 248-427)[y + bron]; [vr:>n T.

S . J\1orris]

Bronhwli 1 774-75 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 7 1 , Bronbwli 1 775-76 in 1 946 T.Be;mon p. 1 7 1 , Fron 1 822PR Llandygwy, Fron OS 1 834, Fron O S 1 89 1 , Vron Cottage 1 9t.11cent. :in 1 75 8map J.Butcher

Frondeg -(SN 279-49 1 ) [y + bron + teg] ; [ vr:m de: g E. '

Jones, !. Davies]

Frondeg OS 1 982

Fronfelen -(SN 264-47 1 )[y + bron + melen] ; [vr=>n'velen I .

Davies]

Vronfelen 1 867 Nouadd MSS, Fron-felen OS 1 891 Formerly part of a farm called A!lt-y-cadno (4-a) [ 1 867 Nouadd Jv!SS). Fronglyd -(SN 28 1 -43 5 ) [y + bron + clyd] ; Y Ffron Glid 1 65 1 rent, Vronglyd 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd MSS , Fron�glyd Bronglyd O S 1 982, Bronclud 1 990 D . H.\Villiams p . 67

Frongcch

( SN 270-453 ) [y + bron + coch] ; [ vr�u'g o: z M. Davies]

-

69

OS 1 834, Bron-glyd O S 1 89 1 ,

(4) IS-COED (c) Llain y Vron Goch 1 5 83 Nouadd �1SS, Tir Trevaes als. Tir y Vron Goch 1 63 1 Nouadd �1SS, Fforen Gogh 1 6 5 l rent, Frongoch OOS 1 8 l l , Fron-goch OS 1 834, Fron-goch OS 1 89 1 C f Parc-y-big (4-a). Fronlas -(SN 265-474)[y + bron + glas] ; [vr�n'la:s I. Davies] VrorJas 1 793 Nouadd MSS, Fron Lase 1 8 1 7sur map, Fronlas 1 837T�1S, Fron-las OS1 891 Fronlwyd -(SN 283-490)[y + bron + llwyd]; Bron-h'Vyd OS1 89 1 , Fronlwyd OS 1 982 Gerallt -(SN 288-465)[ger + yr + alit]; Gerallt OS 1 982 Gla.'"leinv -(SN 278-488)[glan + y + geirw] ; [glan'ejru E. Jones, I. Davies] Tir yr Ayrych ynghan Herwara 1 6 5 l rent, Eirv.; Castle OS 1 834, Eirw Castle 1 837TMS, Glanei.rw OS 1 89 1 , Glanei.nv 0Sc. 1 950, Glaneirw House OS 1 982, Plas Glaneirv·/ 1 989 R Jones p.21 The 1651 form seems garbled, but an contemporary form of PennanteirH.i (4-a) gives a more correct form: ]\[ant yr Eynvo. The name of the stream was Einv or Nanteinv, the feminine noun geinv (a substa11tivised plural of ganv 'rough') meaning 'fast-flowing, rippleing water' [GPC s.v. gei.nv] . The same word is found in two hns. Geirw (Llanfachreth, Corwen, Mers.), and in the tt1S. Eirw and Rhyd-yr-eirw (Llantrisant, Glams.) (GPC s.v. geirw; 1 93 3 R. J. Thomas: 1 6 1 ] . The term aerwy 'tether' - pronou.11ced ejru in Cardiganshire Welsh - is to my mind less li.�ely as a component in this place-name. Glaneirw had two lodges, Pennanteirw (4-a), and Pennantderyn (4-a) [:inf. I. Davies] . Glandwr -(SN 281 -460)[glan + dWt-] ; [glan'du:r I. Davies] Glandwr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glan-dwr OS 1 834, Glan-dwr OS 1 89 1 , Glan-d\vr O S 1 904 Gland?.T-isa -(SN 273-462)[glan + d\\'f (+ isaf)] ; Glandwr 1 85 1 Rel cens. p.478, Glandv.'f isaf, Ysgoldy Gland�'f 1 875 R A. Thomas p. 1 93 , Glan-dv.T O S 1 891 , Glan�dWr- 0Sc. l 950, Gland\'\'f isaf 0S l 982 b. l 83 1 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 478; 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 1 93] ; closed 1 86 1 , on Trefaes land (4-a) [ 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 1 93 ] ; denom I [ l 8 5 1 Rel cens. : 478] . Glanhirwern -(SN 269-467)[glan + h.11. .. Hinvern] ; Tythen Glan Hi..rwern 1 576 Nouadd MSS, Parke yn Ghan Hynvern 1 6 5 1 rent, Glar.hirwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glanr..i..rwen 1 8 1 7sur map, Glanhirwen O S 1 834, Glan-hh'Vvaun O S 1 891 Glannawmor -(SN 265-4 1 8)[glan + lm. Nawmor] ; Glan-na\:vmor OS 1 834, Glana\\.Tmor 1 84 l cens. , Glan-nawm.or OS 1 89 1 , (c) Pwll Glaniaw Mor (prox. ) 1974 J.G.Jen..�ins p. 145, Glanav.mor O S 1 982 Cf Glannmt'mor (LlanfL.lmngel-ar-art..�, Cam1s.), Glann 1\.fawmor [ 1 680 BRA. ( 1 955) MSS: 4 3 ] ; AbemaH'mor (between Gwyddg..rug and Penc.ader).

Glanrhyd -(SN 268-470)[glan + rhyd] ; [glan'hri:d I. Davies] Pen y Bank (sic loc. ) 1 8 1 7sur map, Glanrhyd 1 836PR Llandygwy, G!an-rhyd OS 1 891 See Pen-y-banc (4-a). Glynadar -(SN 242=436)[glyn + adar] ; Glyn Adar OS 1 982 Glynnydd -(SN 298-450)[glynnydd] ; Glynydd OS 1 982 C-orslwyd -(SN 281 -487)[y + cors + llwyd] ; Gors Lwyd l 760CF, Corsllwyd OOS 1 8 l l , Gorsellwyd, Gors Lhvyd 1 837TMS, Gorslwyd 1 84l cens., Gors-h'Vyd OS 1 891 Gwaunrefai! -(SN 269-488)[gwaun + �'f + efail] ; [wejn'revel I. Davies] Gwainrefel ? 1 792PR Troedrour, \Vaun-yr-efail O S 1 891 No traces now, the smithy was in the corner of a field according to the account of an old man [inf I. Davies] ; cf Parc-yr-efail (4-a). Gwdit -(SN 285-43 5)[ ? ] ; Gwddit 1 734 NLW Deeds lVIS 1 705, Goodig, Goodit 1 83 9TMS, Goodit 1 84 1 cens. The origi..'lal final consonant seems to be , one of the forms of 1 839 seems to show reanalysis emulati..'lg the better known name Gwdig (Pembs.) [1 992 PN Pembs: 251�52] . Gwsied -(SN 262-454)[y + *cwsied];

70

(4) IS-COED (c) Park Cwishead ishaf + uchaf 1 8 1 7sur map, Gwshede 1 8 1 7PR Llandyg-.,;vy, Gwshead 1 82 1 PR Llandygwy, Gwrrshade OS 1 834, Goosehead 1 841 cens. The term cwsied is a borrowing from E. gusset, and probably denotes a triangular piece of land. Since it is pronounced ES'kuJed, ES'guJed (Cei-newydd) [ 1934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 308], and ES'kuJiad pl. ES'ku1edi (Bangor) [vVVBD : 309] the literaf'J Welsh form cwysed seems to represent an earlier borrowing; cf Tu yn y Cwisied (Esclusham, Denbs.) [ 1724/25 Coleman MSS] . Gwylah -(SN 288-463)[ ? ] ; Gwylah OS 1 982 Gwynfryn -(SN 287-468) [gwyn + bryn]; [gwmvrm 11. Davies] GwjT..f'f';n OS 1 982 b. 1 904-07 [ i.11f. M. Davies] . Hafod -(SN 257-469)(b.afod]; [hav:ld T. S . Morris, hrav:ld I. Davies] Havod ucha 1 720 Nouadd 11SS, Havod ycha 1 720 FfythTlone MSS p. l 36, Hafod ucha 1 780PR L1andygwy, Havod 1 793 Nouadd MSS, Hafod ucha OOS 1 8 l l , Hafod OS 1 834 Hafod-facl1 -(SN 258-467)[hafod (+ bach)] ; Hafod issa OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hafod-fach OS 1 834, Havod fach 1 838TMS, Hafod-fiich OS 1 89 1 Haulwyn -(SN 242-448) [haul + gwyn] ; Haulwyn OS 1 982 Henbant -(SN 256-447)[hen + pant]; Tythyn Henbant 1 599 Nouadd M...S S , Henbant 1 747PR Llandygwy, Henebant 1 766 PD, Henbane OOS 1 8 1 2, 'Rhenpant 1 829PR Llandygvvy, Hen-bant OS 1 834, Henbant fawr, Henbant 1 83 9TMS cf. Pencraig-fach (4-a). Hen-Gogerddan -(SN 280-492)[(hen + ) tn. Gogerddan (72�a)] ; [he:ngo'ger�an, g o'ger�an E. Jones, mar ,heng :)'ger�an I. Davies] Gogerddan ftsms 1837T�AS, Gogerddan i\....rrP.s (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , Gogerddan A..rms (\Velsh text) 1 907 J.Evans p. 86, Old Gogerddan OS 1 982, (c) Sgwar Gogerddan 1 983 Gambo n. 1 0, (c) ar Riw Gogerddan 1 989 RJones p.237 Lelvis Pryse (t1 779) of \Voodstock (a branch of the Gogerddan family) got Abemant-bychan (8�a) in 1 739, and later Gogerddan itself, so that lands L"'l this area passed to the Gogerddan estate [ 1 979 CER: 8.375-76] . Henysgol Blaenporth -(SN 263-486){(hen +) ysgol + tn. Blaenporth ( 5-a)] ; (i.T,he:n'Isk:l! E. Jones, he·n;}s 'k;Jidi I. Davies] School OS 1 89 1 , Y sgol Blaen-porth 1 989 RJones p. 1 93, Blaenporth C.P. 1 967 WLS See Ysgol-newydd Blaenporth (5-a). Highview -(SN 266-428)[£. high + view]; High View OS 1 982 Iet-fawr -(SN 247-432)[iet + nl}f found in \:Velsh loans macwyj, pn. Cw}fan from l\1!. maccoim [DIL s.v. macco:im ], OI. pn. C6imgen [ 1 993 J. Uhlich: 207]. The f..rst element of the personal-name contains, either: 1 ) the prefix ty- and an un.attested element *cwy; or 2) the element teg 'fair, beautiful' - with unexplained weakened vocalism - and the sufftx -wy. The earliest form (a Welsh source) gives Tegwy 1 200%, and this seew.s confirmed in Landegoe 1 28 1 , Landegey 1 29 1 , but thereafter forw.s in -dog- predominate, with -dyg-, -dig-, -dug and mistakenly -dwg- The late fifteenth-century poet Dafydd Nantmor gives us t.lJe present version Llan Dygwy. The balance of these forms argues for orthograpl>.ic [�], and this favours ty- as the element as there is no reason for teg to become obscure [t�g -] in a composition * Teg111y. The combin..ation is ambiguous in \Velsh, referring either to a rising or to a falli...11g diphthong ( i. e. to //wi// or //uj// respectively) . The forms -oe 1 28 1 , -oy 1 5 1 4, 1 5 1 7, -oye 1 5 64, 1 58 3 , -ay 1 5 83, -wey 1 5 54, 1 556, -way 1 578, 1 5 80, suggest a fall..h'lg diphthong ( i.e. //uj/1), and a fa1.Ji>1g diphthong suits both: 1 ) *cwy (as *kwi: seero.s improbable in a Welsh word of n.ative origin) ; and 2 ) the suffi..x -wy, which is usually realised [uj] or [u ] in southern dialects, e.g. adwy, pibonwy etc. However, the present pronunciation of Llandygwy has a rising diphthong (i. e. [wi]) which seems to go against all the above arguments for a falling diphthong. Nevertheless vve rr..ay have here an unusual late development of [oj] to [wi], which is attested widely in southern Wales i.11 the pronunciation of monosyllabic wy 'egg' as wi: . The pronunciation �v'nadwi :>v'nadwi for ofnadwy 'terrible', is heard, though it is most usually pronounced ov'nadu. We therefore seem to have a unique (and most probably late) development of [oj] to [wi] in this place-name. I can give no more satisfactory explanation of Tygwy!Tegwy until further comparative

*Hygwydd (c. 1400

P.

Riain

equivalent: "His n.ame is cle.arly hypocoristic in fortr�.., the first element beL11g

�

phonological in..formation is marshalled.

Lle-teg

-(SN 286-460)[Ue + teg]; Lle-teg O S 1 982

Llwyndu -(SN 273-484)[llwyn + du] ; [taj'ba:z E. Jones, N. Jones, I . Davies, iujn'di: I. Davies] Y Tay bach 1 657 in 1 650rent, Tir y Llwine Du 1 765 M Richardson MSS p. 3 52, Taie

bach OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Llvvyndu O S 1 834, Lhvyndu 1 83 5PR Llandygwy, Tai bach 1 83 7TMS Blaenportb..., Lhvyndu O S 1 982 Became

Llwyndu

after 1 945

[ir..f I. Davies] ,

probably because

tai-bach

could be understood as rneani..'lg

'toilets'.

L!wyndyrys -(SN 247-434)[llwyn + dyrys] ; [lujn'dins, lujn di ns 'farm a.T pla : s T. S. J\1orris] '

E. A Re.es, lun'd�ns I . Jones, T. S . Morris, �

Lh.vyn Dyrys c. l 600 L. D\vnn vol. l p. 8 3 , Lloyndirris 1 652 Nouadd J\1SS, Llandi..rrys 1 663 in 1 80 8 S . R.:Meyrick p. l 84, Lhvyndiris 1 726 PD, Llwyndyrrys 1 749 Llwyndyrys J\1S S p. 1 7, Lhvyndyris 1 758map J. Butcher, Llwyn Dunis 1 760map E. Bowen.., Llwyndyris 1 760CF, Llwyndyrus 1 796PR Llandygwy, Llwyndyrus 1 803map J. S i...11ger, L\vyndyris 1 808 S . R Meyrick p. 1 84, Llwyndyrus OOS 1 8 1 2, Lhvynduris 1 8 1 3PR Llandyg'.x�;, Lhvyn Dyrus 1 8 1 6PR Llangoedmor, Llwyn-duris O S 1 834, Lhvynduris 1 839TMS, Lhvyn-dyrys + Llwyn-dyrys Farm 0 8 1 89 1 , Lhvynduris

+ Llwynduris Farm 08 1 904, Plas Llwynduris

1 974 J. G. Jeth�ins p. l 49, Llwynduris Farm + Lhvynduris J\1ar.sion Hotel O S 1 982

(1 932: 23-27] rnistakerJy connected to Lbvyndyrys to the Penn Llwyn Dianvya mentioned [1 300Y4 (WBRh): 1 ] (which he contended should have been written Lb-�>'}ndianvys); see Pontrhydarberth (3-a). Llwynffynnon -(SN 285-469)[llvi•Jn + y + ffynnon] ; J. Lynn-Thomas

in the l\1abi.'1ogi

Llyn-ffynnon 08 1 89 1 , Llwyn-ffynnon OS 1 904

Llygad-y-fro -(SN 297�452)[llygad + y + bro] ; Llygad y Fro OS 1 982

Llysaeddfed

-(SN 24 1 -458) [llys

+ hn. Aeddfed] ;

Llys-eifed OS 1 982

Loj

-(SN 25 1 -467)(Nouadd Tre�favvr)[E. lodge] ; Lodge O S 1 89 1

Loj Ty-llwyd

-(SN 285-489)[E. loj + Ty-ll¥�;d

(4-a)] ; [�'bd3, bd3,vaz ti'iujd E.

Jones,

bd3,ti'iojd M .

Lodge Tyllwyd 1 84 1 cens. , Lodge OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Gardner bach y Lodge 1 954 ¥/. Jones p .44

73

Davies]

Maengwyn -(SN 270-482)[maen + gv.yn]; Escair y Maen Gwyn 1 65 1 rent, Tythin Yskir y Maen 1 729 Ty-llwyd MSS, l\lf..aengwyn 1 760CF, Maen GW'J!1 1 784PR BlaenportP.., Maengwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Man Gwyn 1 837TMS Maes-yr-awei -(SN 289-461 )[rnaes + yr + awe!] ; Maesyrawel OS 1 982 Maes-y-gelli -(SN 280-454)[maes + y + celli]; [ majs�'gcli M Davies] Maesygelli OS 1 982 Maesgwyn -(SN 278-432)[rnaes + g\\IJ'TI] ; :Maes-gwyn OS1 891 Melinhinvern -(SN 261 -450)[melin + hn. Hirwern] ; Melyn Hirwen 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Hirvven :Mill & Noyadd Mill 1 793 Nouadd MSS , Felin Hirwen 1 807PR Llandygvvy, Hirwen Mill 1 81 7sur map, Fe!in OS 1 834, Ve1i11 Hirwen 1 83 3PR L!angyn!!o, Hinven :Mill 1 839TMS, Felinhirwen 1 846 Nouadd MSS, Mill 0Sc. 1 950, Felin Hirwaun, Corn �/fill OS1 891 Milestone �(SN 273-434)[£. rnile + stone] ; Mile-stone Coedycwm 1 837PR Llandygwy, Mailston 1 84l cen..s. , Milestone House OS1 89 1 , Milestone OS 1 904 Morawei -(SN 274-487)[mor + awe!]; [mor'awel I. Davies] J\1orawel OS 1 982 a recent house [inf L Davies]. Mount -(SN 266-487)[E.tn. Mount[pleasant] (Rhondda, Glams.)] ; [mawnt I. Davies] Mount Pleasant OS1 982, �1ount (sign) Built after 1 9 1 8 by an old collier, and named after A1ountpleasant (Porth, Rhondda, Glarus.) [lnf. I. Davies] . Nant-y-cerdin -(SN 277-441 )[nant + y + cerddin] ; Nantycerdin 1 838PR L1angoedmor, Nant-y-cerdin OS 1 891 This appears to refer to the stream Gwrog, and is probably a more recent alias. Nanteil"V'.r -(SN 276-485)[nant + yr + geirw]; [nant'ejru E. Jones, I. Davies] Nant yr Eyrvvo 1 6 5 1rent, Nant yr Eyrw 1 65 1 rent, Nanteirw 1 830PR Betwsifan, Nant Ei.·-w 081 891 Nantgwgan -(SN 264-446)[nant + pn. Gwgan]; Nant Gwgan 1 65 l rent, Nancwgan 1 827PR Abertei£1.., Nantyg\vgan 1 84l cens. , Na..11t-gwgan OS 1 891 , Nant Cwgan 1 924-26 CSRLS 8 Noddfa -(SN 288-464)[noddfa] ; Noddfa OS 1 982 North Lodge -(SN 269-437)(Blaenpant)[E. north + lodge]; Blaen-pant-lodge OS 1 89 1 , North Lodge OS 1 982, The North Lodge 1 985 J.Lowe p. 36 Built after 1 8 1 5 [ 1 985 J. Lowe: 36] . Nouadd Tre=fawr -(SN 258-462)[neuadd + tn. Tre-fawr]; [n;Jja� I. Jones, T. S . .l\1orris, a'n;Jja�, n;Jja� ,tre'vowr I. Davies] Noiadd 1 58 5 F.Green MSS vol 25 p.477, Noyath 1 599 Nouadd MSS , Noyadd 1 599 Nouadd MSS, Neuodd c. l 600 L.Dwnn vo1. 1 p.28, Trefavvr yr Henevaydd c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 56, Trefawr als. Noyath 1630 Nouadd l\ASS, Noyath, Noyodd Trevav.'I 1 63 3 EEW MSS, Noyadd Trevawr 1 652 Nouadd W..SS, Noyath Tre vawr 1 664 BRA ( 1 955) 1\1SS p.40, Tir y Noyath va\\, (c) hnw,park'wejt> T. S. J\tiorris] (c) Teir Rees y Gweyth 1 5 8 8 Nouadd MS S, Parkgweidd 1 84 1 cens. , Parcgweydd OS 1 89 1 , Parkgweydd 1 926 TS 1 0/09/26, Parcgweydd Hill 1 929 TS 3 0/08/29, Parcgweydd, (c) Parcg\veydd Hill OS 1 982 (c) 'Iandes called' Rice ap Gwyth Landes [1 554 CalPR: 96] ; (c) Teire TUgM1ye 'being part of the lands late given to the l>...igh altar of Llandyg\\y church for the rr1aintenance of light', near (c) Tir R�ys y Gwehydd [1 588 Nouadd MSS]; Fern Villa, b.c. 1 843, was the f..rst house built on Rhnv Parcgorveydd [ 1 929 TS 30/08/29] . Pardlyn -(SN 273-463 ) [parc + y + llyn]; (park'im I. Davies] Parclyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parc-y-llyn OS 1 834, Park-y-llyn 1 84 1 cens . , Parcllyn O S 1 982 A little lake is shO\vn nearby

Parc�y-r.hos

(1 817sur map] . [park�'hro:s E. Jones, I. Davies]

-(SN 265-482)[parc + y + rhos] ;

Pare y �h.os OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parc-y-rhos OS 1 834, Parkyros 1 83 7PR Betwsifan, Parc-y-rhos OS 1 982 Four new house built here since 1 980 [inf. I.

Parcstigl

-(SN 26 1 -486) [parc

Davies] .

+ y + stigl] ;

Parc�ystigl O S 1 8 34, Park-y-stigil 1 84 1 cens. , Parcksticil, Parkystigil 1 85 7 Pengelli J'.ASS, Parc-ystigl O S 1 89 1 , Parc-sticil 1 924-25 CSRLS 5

In ruLns [OS1 904]; a new house on its site [OS1 982] . The form stigl, rather t}l.an sticl is restricted to Dyfedeg, e . g. sbg d pl. sbgle (Moylgrove, Pembs.) [:i.P£ I. Ja.111es ]; cf Sticlau (Llangyndeym, Ca.rms.). Parcty•.vad -(SN 24 1 -447)[parc + y + tyv1od] ; [park'twa:d , old name ke·ven T. S . J'.Aorris] Park y Twad 1 78 6PR Llandygv.;y, FfyrL11on fach OOS 1 8 1 4, Park-twad OS 1 834, Park Twad 1 83 9TMS, Parc-twad OS 1 89 1 , Park-twad OS 1 904

Parctywad Cottage

-(SN 236-45 3 ) [tn. Parctywad

(4-a) + E. cottage] ; [park,twa:d'k�ted3, no\V f;)n�n 'dawel T .

S. Morris] Parc-twad OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 839TMS]. Penrallt -(SN 248-4 1 5)[pen + yr + allt] ; Ty-nev.ydd O S 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd 0Sc. l 950, Pemallt Cottage O S 1 982 b. bet. l 839-91

Penallt-y-biau

[ 1 8391MS; 081 89 1 ] .

-(SN 264-442)[pen + alit + tn. [Clyd-]y-bi:a u] ;

[penrait�'bie T .

S . Morris]

Tire Klyd y Beye ? 1 630 Nouadd J\1S S, Glydibie ? 1 6 5 1 rent map, PenaLh.t y Gibie 1 702 Brom\')'dd MSS , Per.alltygybie 1 708/09 Bromx.')'dd l\.1S S, Pengalltgybie 1 71 6 i11 1 808 S.Rl\.1eyrick p. 1 83 , Penalltgybbie 1 757PR Llandygv.')', Pengalltgiybie 1 804PR Llandygvvy, Penyralltybie OOS 1 8 1 2, Penalltybie 1 8 1 6PR Llandygwy, Penallybie 1 8 1 7PR Llandygv.y, Pen-allt-y-bie OS 1 834, Penallt y Bie 1 83 9TMS, Penalltbie 1 84 1 cens . , Pen'ralltybie 0Sc. 1 950, Penrallt-y-bie Farm OS 1 982 The meaning

of Clyd-y-biau (wbich the forms appear to represent) is difficult,

the flrst element is possibly

a garbled form of clun, whilst the secDnd element is reminiscent of Penrhiwblau

Penallt-y-ffynnon -(SN 285-43 3 ) [pen + allt + y + ffynnon] ; [perait�'fm:m E.

1..1...

(32-a).

Rees]

Pen-'rallt OS 1 834, Penallt y Ffynnon 1 83 9TJ'.v1S, Pen-allt-ffynnon OS 1 89 1 , Penrallty±Fjnon 1 896 Joh..� Francis MSS vol 2 p. l 2, Penrallt Ffyrmon OS 1 982

Penarth

-(SN 264-482)[tn. Penarth

(Glarus.)] ;

Pen-arth OS 1 982

Pen-y=banc -(SN 268-47 1 )[pen + y + bane] ; Tir Pen y Bank 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Penybank 1 765PR Aberportb_, Penyban..k. 1 8 1 4PR Aberporth, Pen y Ban..k. 1 839TMS

Pen-y-bont

-(SN 272-472)(Bow!s)(pen + y + pont] ;

76

(4) IS-COED Pen-y-bont O S 1 89 1 , Pant'jcelyn OS 1 982

Penbont Cenarth

-(SN 267-4 1 7)[pen + y + pont + tn. Cenarth (Carms.)] ;

Tir Pen Pont Genarth 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Pen Pont Genvarth 1 6 5 l rent, Pen Pont Kennarth 1 760CF, Pontgarreg vach 1 83 7

i..fJ. 1 903 G. E. Evans p. 3 9, Bridgend 1 84 l cens. , Capel CeP.arth OS 1 89 1 , Capel Farm

OS 1 98 2 S e e Capel Cenarth

Pen-y-bryn

(4-a).

-(SN 293 -457)[pen + y + bryn] ;

Pen-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 -(SN 292-456)[pen + y + caeau] ;

Pencaeau

Pen-'caeau OS 1 834, Eirianfa OS 1 904

Pencnwc -(SN 274-475) [pen + y + cnwc] ; Penycnwc OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pencnwk 1 83 9PR Llandyg\vy

Pencraig -(SN 264-452)[pen + craig] ; Krayg y Noyadd 1 65 1 rent, Pencraig 1 775PR Llandygv.")', Pencraig 1 8 1 7sur rnap,

(c) Allt Pencraig

OS 1 89 1

Pencraig-fach

- (SN 256-452)[pen + craig (+ bach)] ;

Pencraig fach OOS 1 8 1 4, Pencraig als. Henbantfach 1 83 2 Llwyndyrys .l\AS S p. 22, Pengraig fach, Pencraig fach 1 83 9TMS, Pencraig-rach OS 1 89 1 Cf Henbant (4-a). Pencwarre -(SN 236-448)[pen + y + cwarre] ; [peu'kware

T. S. l\.1orris, I. Jones]

Penquarau 1 83 8PR Llandygvry, Penquarrau 1 841 cens . , Pen-quarry OS 1 89 1 , Pen-cwarre OS 1 904 ..

Penddo! -(SN 261 -434)[pen + y + dol] ; Pen Ddole 1 827PR LlandygvJ'f, Cvvm-yr-hebog OS 1 834, Pen-ddol OS 1 89 1

Penfai -(SN 2 5 1 -424)[pen + y + bai ?] ; [pen'vaj T.

S . ]\ 1orris] ..

Penfay OOS 1 8 1 2, Penyfai 1 820PR Llandygwy, Penfae O S 1 834, Penfau, Pen y Fau 1 83 9TMS, Pen y Fan 1 83 9TiviS {v. l. MRichards} , Pen-fai O S 1 89 1

Penfai-isa -(SN 2 5 0-423) [pen + y + bai ? (+ isaf)] ; Penfai�issa 1 835PR Llandyg'vvy, Penfai issa 1 84 l cens. , Pen=fai�isaf 0Sl 89 1

Penffordd

-(SN 27 1 -488)[pen + y

+ ffordd] ; [pen'f�r�, tre'marv�r I.

Davies]

Penlon Taibach 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-ffordd OS 1 89 1 I n ruins at present, Tremaifor b. l 920s (adj . ) Pengraig -(SN 270-4 1 9) [pen + y + craig];

(inf. I . Davies ] .

Pen y Graig 1 760CF, Pen y C-.raig 1 803map J. S inger, Penygraig OOS 1 8 1 2, Pengraig >1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/ 1 2, Pen-y-graig Farm O S 1 982 Refers to Allt-y-graig (4-b).

Penlan

[pe'lan (ti 'iujd)

-(SN 280-484)(Ty-lhvyd) [pen + y + glan] ;

E. Jones]

Penylan 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Penllan 1 760CF, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Lan OS 1 8 34, Penlan 1 837TMS

Penlan-fach(i)

-(SN 256-446)(Blaenpant)[pen + y

+ glan (+ bach)] ;

Penglanfach 1 756PR Llandygv.'Y, Penlan fach 1 760CF, Penlone-back ? 1 793PR Llandygv.')', Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , PePJan fach OOS 1 8 1 2, Penlanfach 1 8 1 4PR Llandygv.y, Pen Ian fach OS 1 834, PePJan Cottage ?? 1 83 6PR Llandygvvyr, Pen-lan-ffich O S 1 89 1

The -fach is in opposition to Penlan-fcnvr ( 4-a), some 2km WSW. Penla.•1-fach(ii) -(SN 279-456)(Trefaes)[pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; Pen-lan-rach OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-rach 0Sc. l 950, Pedan OS 1 982

Penlan-fawr -(SN 232-43 6)(Lhvyndyrys)[pen 'Ian T. S. Morris]

+ y + glan (+ mav.'f)] ;

[pen'lan

T. S . l\.1orris, I. Jones,

pla:s ,pen

PePJan 1 766 PD, Pepl51n OOS 1 8 1 2, PePJan O OS 1 8 1 4, PePlan O S 1 834, Pen-y-lan O S 1 89 1 , Penlan-fawr 1 964 CER vol. 5 p . 54, Penylan Farm + Penylan �1ansion OS 1 982 The m.ar�ion \Vas built by �1organ Jones

Penl on( i)

in 1 83 4 [ 1972 CER: 7.67] .

-(SN 249�469)(Parcgors)[pen + y + lon] ;

Park M�i.fl als.

PePlone

1 83 0> Nouadd MSS, Penlon 1 83 7PR Llandyg\vy, PePlone

Llangoecirnor, Pen-Ion OS 1 89 1

Penlon(ii)

-(SN 271 -473)(Bm.vls)[pen + y + !on] ;

[pen'lo:n I .

Pen-lon O S 1 89 1

77

Davies]

1 83 8TMS

(4) IS-COED Penlon(iii) -(SN 269-438)(Capeltyg"''Y)[pen + y + Ion] ; Pen-lon OS 1 834 Penllwyndu -(SN 240-458)[pen + y + lhvyn + du] ; [peniujn'di: T. S. J\1orris] PePJhvyndu 1 783PR Llandygwy, Pen-lhvyn-du OS 1 834, Pen Llv.yn Du 1 833PR Llandygv.), Pen-llwyn­ du (P.H.) OS1 891 Pennantderyn -(SN 274-499)[pen + l:m. Nantderyn] ; [penant'erm, now grli'de:g I. Davies] Blaen Nant y Deryn 1 65 l rent, Pennant y Derin 1 803map J. Singer, Pennantderyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pennantderyn 1 837Th1S, Pem1ant-deryn 1 966 D.I. Jones p.58 \Vas a lodge to Glaneinv (4-a) [inf. I. Davies] ; see 1\lantderyn (5-a). Pennanteirw -(SN 277-490)[pen + h_n. Nanteirw] ; [hejlvrm E. Jones, hajlvrm I. Davies] Ymlaen Nant yr Eyrwo 1 65 l rent, Pen-nant-eiryn (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Pen-nant-eirw OS 1 904, Pen-nant-ei.n.v OSc. 1 95 0, Haulfryn OS 1 982 \Vas a lodge to Glaneirw (4-a) [:ir..f. I. Davies] . Pennsylvania -(SN 237-44l)[E.tn. Perm.sylvw.ia (USA)] ; SalvaPia OS 1 89 1 , Pensylvania OS 1 904 Penrhipyn -(SN 243 -435)[pen + y + rhipyn] ; Penrhipi.'1 1 84 l cens., Pen-rhibin OS 1 89 1 Penrhiw �(SN 263-448)[pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen-rhiw OS1 891 Penrhiwnawfed -(SN 254-423)(pen + y + rhi·w + pn. ft._p.avA'edd ? ] ; [riW'nawved T. S. J\1orris] Pen-rhiw-nawfed OS 1 89 1 , (c) R.lllw-nav.1'ed 1 924-26 CSRLS 46 The meaning of nmtfed is 'ninth', but tr.is seerns an unlikely in IlY'..aning, as well as in construction, the same term seems to appear L"l Y."lys '"7\fawved 1 63 3 (R,�ondda, Glams.) [ 1 9 1 4 AC: 385 ] . Both this name and the Glamorgan name may contain OW.f pn. Anauued [c. l l 40 LL: 130] , this would be MnW. Anawfedd, the fmal [-6] ---+ [-d] can be compared to CardigansPire W. cynted � cyntedd, and Llansulfed (1 4-a) � Llansulfedd. Penrhos -(SN 257-477)[pen + y + rhos]; [blajn'hro:s ? I. Davies] Pen-rhos OS 1 89 1 I n ruins [ :in£ I. Davies]. Pentre-gwinau-fach -(SN 257-43 5)[pentref + gv.rir1au (+ bach)] ; Pentre Gwine fach, Pentregwinne bach 1 83 9TMS, Pentre-g\vyn-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Pentregwine-rach OS 1 904 Pentre-gwinau-fawr -(SN 257-433)[pentref + gwinau (+ m.awr)] ; [pentre'gwine T. S. Morris] Pentreg\vine 1 805PR, Pentregwyn OOS 1 8 1 2, Pentregwine 1 8 1 7PR Llandyg\V'J, Pentreg\xr�11edd 1 820PR Llandygwy, Pentre Gwenedd OS1 834, Pentre GwiJme rnav.'f 1 839TlV,.S, Pentre-gv.yn OS 1 89 1 , Pentregwine 0Sc. l 950 Penwennallt -(SN 281 -41 5)[pen + y + gwen + allt] ; [pen'wenait E. A. Re.es] Tuthi.11 y Wennallt als. Ffynnon Vidir 1 583 Nouadd MSS , Tyddyn Gwenallt + FfYnnon [ ] 1 587 Nouadd �AS S, Tythyn Pen y Wenallt 1 623 Coedmor l\1S 5 54, Ff1P...11on Ffyder 1 65 1 rent, WeP.allt 1 71 9 Bronv.ydd MS S, Pen y \Venallt 1 724 Aberglasney lMS 126, \Venalt 1 737 Bronwydd l\1S S, Place Pen y \Venallt 1 760CF, Pen y \VeP..allt 1 760rr..ap E.Bowen, Pen y \Venalt 1 765map E. Bowen et a/. , Penywer..allt OOS 1 8 1 2, Penwenallt 1 83 9TMS, Penywen.rmllt 1 979 CER vol. 8 p.465 Penwem-fach -(SN 266-437)[pen + y + gwern (+ bach)] ; [peu,gwar'va:x, T. S. Morris] Pen y '''rene ffechan 1 65 1 rent, Penwern fach OOS 1 8 12, Pengwernvach 1 8 1 3PR Llangoedmor, Penwern fach 1 8 1 4PR L!andygv.'Y, Pen-wern-fach OS1 834, Pen-\vern-ffich O S 1 891 Penwem-fawr -(SN 266-430) [pen + y + gwern (+ ma\vr)] ; [peu,gwar'vowr T. S . Morris] Pen y Wern 1 599 Nouadd l\1SS , Pen y Werne 1 6 5 1 rent, Penywern fa\;\'f 1 77 1 PR Llandygwy, Pen Wenn fa\\lf 1 803map J. Singer, Penwernfav.'f 1 805PR Llandyg\\"'j, Penwern fav..T OOS 1 8 1 2, Pen-wern-fawr OS 1 834, Pengwernuchaf l 904 J.Evans p. 338 Plas-newydd -(SN 287-460)[plas + newydd] ; Plaswith OOS 1 81 1 , Place Wblth 1 8 1 5PR Betwsifatl, Pills Whith 1 8 1 7PR Llangoedmor, PHis-newydd 08 1 834, Placenewydd 1 83 8Tl\1S, Plas-newydd O S 1 89 1 Pont-Hilwern -(SN 262-4 5 1 )[pont + lm . Hirwern] ; [p:mt'hrrwen T . S. l\1orris, I. Jones, p:lnt'erwen I. Davies, A6p�nt';Jrwen (Mwldan dialect) 1 994 M. W. Jones p. 3 3 5]

78

(4) IS�COED Penbont Hi..-..va:in 1 766-67 in 1 946 T.Bey.'!lon p. 1 67, Pont Hi.,.ven 1 803map J. Singer, Ponterv1en OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pont Hirwem OOS 1 81 2, Pont Hirwen 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Pont Hirwen 1 8 1 7sur w..ap, Pont Hirwai.11 1 826PR Llangoedmor, Pont-hi.rwen OS 1 834, Ponthyrwen 1 837PR Llandygwy, Ponthi.l\vaun OS 1 89 1 Postgwyn -(SN 261 -456)[post + g\vyn] ; Postgvv"jt1 1 809PR Penbryn, Post Gv.ry'n OOS 1 8 1 1 , (c) Park Post Gv.ry'n 1 8 1 7sur map, Post-gv.ryrn OS1 834 PwU-y-broga -(SN 270-468)[pwll + y + broga]; [pu!�'broga, now derlujn I. Davies] Pwll y Broga OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pwll-y-broga 1 8 1 8PR Aberteifi, Pwll-y-broga OS 1 834, Pwllybroga 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Derhvyn OS 1 982 \Vhilst one could :interpret the term broga 'frog' as being depreciatory, one should keep in wind that water was considered fit drirJ( if frogs were found swimming in it [it'1f. I. Davies]. PwU-llaca -(SN 247-421 )[pwll + l1!=tca] ; Pwll-llacka 1 756PR Llandygwy, Pwllacka 1 80 1 Lhvyndyrys M..S S, P·wl!-llacca 1 825PR Llandygwy, P\vll Llaca OOS 1 8 1 9, Pwllaca 1 836PR L!andyg\\'Y Rhipynlhvyd-isa -(SN 287-427)[rhipyn + lhvyd (+ isaf)]; .Rhippi.11lhvyd, F..hippi.11 Lhvyd ishaf l 83 9TMS, R..hibyn-lh\'Yd Woollen Factory 0S l 89 l , RbipyPJlwyd Woollen Factory 0S l 904 Rhipynllwyd-ucha -(SN 285-428)[rP..ipyn + lhvyd (+ uchaf)] ; [npm'hJjd E. A Rees] P lrippin Lhvyn 1 757 Bromvydd l\.1SS , Rhippin Lhvyd 1760CF, RippirJlv.'Yd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rl>Jpinlhvyd 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, R.t�ipyrn-llwyd O S 1 834, R.thJppi.>Jllvvyd 1 832PR Llandyfr1og, Rr..ipp:inllwyd�ucha 1 853 REvans 1\tf.SS, F..hibyn-11\Vyd OS 1 89 1 Rhiwson -(SN 286-424)[rP..iw + pn. Sian]; [�nw'so:n, nw'so:n E. A Rees] Troed-y-r}-!Jw-sion OS 1 89 1 , TroedrP..ivv'sion 0Sc. 1 950, Troed-y-rhi\v-sion OS 1 982 See Troedrhiwson (4"a), cf Rlziwson (1 5-a). Rhos-fach -(SN 266-487)[rhos (+ bach)] ; [hro·s'va:x I. Davies] F�hos-rach 08 1 89 1 , Rhyd-y-gaer iP.f This has now taken the name of Rhyd-y-gaer (5-a), \vhich is i.'1 ruiP..s [inf. I. Davies] . Rhos=fawr -(SN 265�479)[rhos (+ IT'.avlf)] ; [hro,§'vowr I. Davies] F�hos fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , F..hos-fawr OS 1 834 Rhos-isa -(8N 254-483)[rhos (+ isaf)] ; [hro·s'iJa I. Davies] P �os 1 837TMS, Rhos-isaf O S 1 89 1 R..hosmaen -(SN 264-483)[rhos + y + maen] ; [hro·s'ma:n I . Davies] Rhos-y-maen OS 1 89 1 , F�hosmaen OS 1 982 Rhos-ucha -(SN 256-480)[rhos (+ uchaf)] ; [hro·s'wen, hro:s we said I. Davies] Rhose Blaen Ffrydmore 1 720 Nouadd l\1SS , Rhos als. Blaen Frydmore 1 757 Nouadd l\.1SS, R�os 1 760CF, Tyr y Rhose 1 765 M.Fichardson MSS p. 352, Blaenfridmore c. l 795 Coe�mor MS 546, Rhos 1 803map J. S inger, Rhos OOS 1 81 4, F�hos ucha 1 826PR Aberporth, F..hos OS 1 834, Rhos-wen OS 1 891 , Rhos-\ven OS 1 982 Rhyd -(SN 250-428)[rhyd]; [hri:d T. S. l\1orris] Rhydffyn..11ondde�'Y OOS 1 8 1 2, Rh..yd 1 832PR Llandyg'A'Y, F�hyd OS 1 834, Rhyd l 839TMS, Rhyd OS1 89 1 , Rhyd OS 1 904, Rhyd + F..hyd Farm OS 1 9 82 Rhyd Cottage -(SN 249-429)[tn. Rhyd (4-a) + E. cottage] ; Rhyd fach ? 1 834PR Llangoedmor, P hyd Cottage O S 1 982 Rbydgoti =(SN 264-447)[rhyd + y + coti]; Rhyd-gotti 1 777PR Llandygwy, F�hydgotty OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydgotty OOS 1 81 2, Rhydcotti 1 828PR Betwsifan, Fllyd-y-gotty OS 1 834, Rhygoty 1 841 cens. , Cwrty 08 1 89 1 , Rhyd-coti OS 1 904, Fllydcoti 1 924-26 C8RLS 35, Rhydycoty 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, F..hyd-coti 08c. l 950, Arwel OS 1 982 The word coti seems to have been borrowed from the English of southern PembrokesrJre and adopted :into south-western dialects of \Velsl1, cf Cotty Hook als. Hook Cottage 1 852 (unloc., Puncheston), � E. coty [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 77]; Pont-y-goti (I'Jevem), Cotty (prox. ) 1 84 1 , Pont Gottyrhwch 1 89 1 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 155]; Goti (Maenclochog), Gottywhiat 1 600 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 103] . The term coty meani.11g 'cottage' is known in \Velsh litterary from the eighteenth century onwards as a masculine noun [ GPC s.v. coty], an example of its use is by J. V. Morgan [1897: 1 38] describing the cP..ildhood of J. Rlt Jones (better known as Kilsby) in .....

.....

....

.....

79

(4) IS-COED nineteenth century Carmarthenshire: "Dechreuodd ei fYd mevm cotty bycr..an, ynglyn a'r hvvn yr oedd digon o ddaear i gadw dwy fuwch a cheffyl. "

Rwbri -(SN 284-458)[tn.

R\vbri [p;Jl] als. Rhos-hul (3-a)];

[robri

M. Davies]

Rv,rbri Hill 1 772PR Blaenport!I, Rv1bry 1 8 1 5PR Bet\vsifan, Rwbri 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Rubry 1 84 1 cerls. , Rwbr; OS 1 89 1 , Rwbr; OS. l 950, Glasfr;n OS 1 982 This r..ame probably emulates an earlier alias of

PJws-hul (3-a),

which because of its l\.1iddle English

appearance is likelier to have been the original r..ame at �qhos-hul, just above l km away from the borough of Abe rte{fi (1-a). Sawmill -(SN 247-4 1 5) [E.

saw + mill] ;

[(aher'ki:x;) so·mdz

T. S. �1orris]

Saw l\1ill OS 1 982 b. 1 960s, removed from Abercuch (Pcmbs.) [ inf.

Sgotlan -(SN 247-443)[tn.

Sgotland] ;

[sk::ltlan

T. s. Morris ].

T. S . Morris]

Little Scotland 1 756 Lhvyndyr;s �1S S p . l 8, Scotland 1 766 PD, Scotland 1 789PR Llandyg\vy, Scotland Hill OOS 1 8 1 2, Scotland Hill O S 1 834, Scotland 1 83 9Tl\1S, Scotland Hill Farm O S 1 89 1 This place was named by either

Penlan-fawr (4-a) Tbis fawily

Thomas A1akeig - the father ( t l 764)

or the son (£1 1 72 1 -66) - who held

on a lease of tb.ree lives from John Symmons of Llanstinan (Pembs.)

is found

(1964 CER: 5.54-75] .

in. the area as early as 1 706 (and they may have been Convenanters who had fled

troubles in S cotland) [ 1 972 CER: 7.7 1 ] ; cf (c8 5 l ) Park Makeig (Nouaddwilym land) [1 838TI\1S Llangoedmor] . South Lodge -(SN 256-44 l )(Blaenpant)[E. south + lodge] ; South Lodge OS 1 89 1 , The Lodge OS 1 982, The South Lodge 1 98 5 J.Lowe p. 3 6 Built before 1 8 1 5 [ 1 985 J . Lowe: 3 6] .

Surmai -(SN 280-43 1 ) [tn.

? ];

Surmai O S 1 982

Swittdon Villa -(SN

298-450)[E. tn. S'vvindon + villa] ;

Swi.11don Villa OS 1 982

Tafarnbugaii -(SN 2 50-462)[tafam + y + bugail] ; [tavarn' bigel

T. S. Morris]

Tavarn y Bigel 1 720 Nouadd :MSS , Tafarnbugail OOS 1 8 1 4, Tavern y Bigel 1 8 1 7sur map, Tavern y Bigail 1 826PR Llandygwy, Tafarn-y-bugail O S 1 834, Tavern Bigail l 83 7 Nouadd l\1SS, Tavern y Bigel 1 83 9TMS

Tanbanc -(SN

245-422)[tan + y + bane] ;

Dan y Bank 1 83 1 PR Llandygwy, Danybank 1 84 1 cens. , Tan-y-banc OS 1 89 1 , TanbaP..k Villa OS 1 982

Tan-y-bryn

-(SN 242-454) [tan + y + bryn] ;

Danybnm OOS 1 8 1 4, Dan-y-bryn OS 1 834, Tan-y�bryn O S 1 89 1

Tandderwen

-( SN 256-449)[tan

+ y + derwen] ;

Tan-drwyn OS 1 89 1 , Tan-dderwen OS 1 904

Tanfalier -(SN 275-47 l )[tan + y + ?

];

[tan'valjer,

now dol'wer6

I.

Davies]

Tan-y-falier O S 1 89 1 , Tan-y=falier O S 1 904, Dolwerdd O S 1 982 Cf Tanfalier (41 -a). Tangelynnen -(SN 273-43 1 )[tan + y + celyru1en] ; Danygehnen 1 84 1 cens. , Tan-gelynen OS 1 89 1

Tangraig -(SN 288-425)[tan + y + craig] ; [tag'grajg

E.

A. Rees]

Tan-y-graig OS 1 89 1

Tan-yr-onnen -(SN 270-43 1 ) [tan + yr + onnen] ; Danyronen 1 84 1 cens . , Dan-yr-onen OS 1 89 1 , Danyronen 1 9 1 4 \Velsh..rnan 1 0/07/ 1 4

Tanrhiw -(SN 278-43 1 ) [tan + y + rhiw] ; Damhyw OOS 1 8 1 2

TrecWn

-(SN 256-45 8)[tref + yr + c\vn] ; TreC\.\'Il 1 77 1 Nouadd �ASS, Trecwn OOS 1 8 1 4, Tre Cvm 1 8 1 7sur IP..ap, Tre-cwm OS 1 834, Trec\'X.'Il 1 837PR Llandyfr1og, Tre C\\'Il 1 839Tl\1S

Trefaes-fach -(SN 279-462)[tref + rr..aes

(+ bach)] ;

Tythyn Tre Vaes ycha 1 589 Nouadd MSS , Tre Vas vach 1 720 Nouadd MS S, Trefasfach 1 793 Nouadd l\A� S, Trefas fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Trefaes fach 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Tre-faes-fach O S 1 834, Trefase fach 1 8 1 7sur map

Trefaes-fawr -(SN 277-458)[tref + rr.aes (+ mawr)] ; 80

(4) IS-COED Trevaes 1 541/42 Nouadd 11S S, Trefbaes 1 6 5 1 rent, Tre Vas va\vr 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Tre-vaes 1 760map E.Bower1, Tre Vaes keP.nol {prox.) 1 77 1 Nouadd M...S S, Trefas 1 776PR Blaenportb-, Trefas fawr 1 803w..ap J. Si.11ger, Trefas fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tre-ffis 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Tre-faes-fa\vr OS 1 834, Trefase fawr 1 81 7sur map, Trevas fa\vr 1 82 1 REvans MSS, Tre-faes-ffich O S 1 89 1 , (pn.) Dan Tre-fa's 1 989 R.Jones p. l 60 Trenova (SN 286-461 )[ ? ] ; Trenova O S 1 904 Troedrhiw!oergam -(SN 28 1 -426)[troed + rhiw + lloergan]; [tre'v�rgan E. A Rees] Rlm' Loerglia 1 65 l rent, Troedyrl>iv'.r Loergan 1 734 NL\V Deeds MS 1 705, Troedyrhyvvfergam OOS 1 8 1 2, Troed-y-rhiw-fyrgam OS 1 834, Troedf)".V Lorgam 1 83 0PR Llandygv.ry, Troed y Rhv.r Lorgam 1 83 1 PR Llandygwy, Troed Rr,iw Foergam, Troedrh.�ivv Loergam 1 839TM:S, Troed Rhiw Vergam 1 878 . AC p.236, Troedrhiwfergam OS 1 904, Troedrhiwforgan 1 91 4 Welshrrmn 1 0/07/ 1 4 The origi.11al lloergan seems t o have developed to lloergam, and the P.ame \vas reanalysed by 1 8 1 2 as containing the adjective bergam 'bandy-legged'. Troedrhiwson -(SN 282-425)[troed + rl>iw + pn. S i6n] � [tr:)d'nw E. A. Rees] Troed y R.hiw, R.hiwar Soy 1 65 1 rent, Troedrhiwsone 1 772PR Llandygwy, Troedyrhiw Sone 1 775PR Llandygv.;y, Trodrhiw Son 1 777PR Llandygwy, Troedrhiwson 1 8 1 8PR Llandygwy, Troed y R.hyw Shon, Troed y Rhyw Shon 1 832PR Llandygwy, Troed-y-rhiw-sion OS 1 834, Troedrbiwshon 1 839TM...S , Trodyrhyv.rson, Rhywson (prox. ) 1 84 l cens., Troedrhiwshon 1 853 R.Evans M:SS, Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 89 1 See Rlriwson (4-a). Tj"'rallt -(SN 249-429)[ty + yr + allt] � Ty'r-allt OS 1 89 1 , Ty'r-allt 0Sc. 1 950, Tanrallt OS 1 982 Ty' rardd -(SN 258-464)[ty + yr + gardd] � Ty-gardd OS 1 891 , Ty'r Ardd O S 1 904 Ty'rddol -(SN 263-4 1 9)[ty + yr + dol] ; Ty'r Ddol 1 825PR Llandygwy, Tir-ddol OS 1 834, Ty'r-ddol OS 1 89 1 , Ty nev.,.rydd-Tyrddol 1 9 1 4 Job.n Francis MSS vo1. 2 p. l 05, Ty'r-ddol 1 989 R.Jones p . 92 Tyddyndu -(SN 269-429)[tyddyn + du]; Tythyndu 1 836PR Llandyfr'iog, Tyddin Du 1 839Tiv!S, Tyddyn-du OS 1 891 Ty�hen -(SN 283 -468)[ty + hen]; [ti'he:n J\1. Davies] Treyrayrarn 1 708 Nouadd MSS, Trehayarn fach 1 708 Nouadd MSS, Tuy Hen va\vr 1 758 note in 1 708 Nouadd MSS , Ty Hen OOS 1 8 l l , Ty-hen OS 1 834, Ty Hen 1 837TMS, Ty-hen 0Sc. 1 950 This land [i.e. Trehayam fach] is now let as part of Ty-hen fcrwr . . . and the house was then fallen dov'I. l [ 17 58 note in 1 708 Nouadd :MSS ] . Ty' riet -{SN 273-464) [ty + yr + iet] � Ty'r-iet 1 84 1 cens. , Ty'r-iet OS 1 89 1 Ty-llwyd -(SN 285-482)[ty + llwyd] ; [ti'iujd I. Davies, pla:s,ti'iujd, farm,ti'iujd E . Jones] Tyllwyd 1 7 1 8 Bronv.'Ydd l\.1SS, Ty Loyd 1 720 Brom"'Ydd 1\1SS, Tyllv.'Yd 1 75 6 Ty-llwyd MSS, Tyhvyd 00S l 8 l l , Tyllwyd als. Tyrllwyd 1 826 LlaPJl)rr MSS, Ty-ll\:\.iyd OS 1 834, Ty-11\Nyd OS 1 89 1 , Ty-llwyd 0Sc. l 950, Tylhvyd + Tyllwyd Home Farm OS 1 982 Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 253-41 9)(Ystradmor)[tY + newydd] � [ti'newi T. S. Morris] Newhouse OS 1 89 1 , Ty nev.'Ydd OS 1 982 b.bet. l 83 9-91 [ 1 8391MS; 081 891 ] . Ty-newydd(ii) -{SN 275-441 )(Blaengwrog)[tY + newydd] � Ty-nev;ydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 2 89-462)(Biw-la)[tY + ne\-\'Ydd]; Tynewydd 1 83 7Th1S Betwsifan Ty-poeth -(SN 269-448)[tir + poeth] � Tyrpoeth 1 760CF, Trepoeth 1 789PR Troedrour, Ty Poeth 1 794PR Llandygwy, Typoeth 1 805PR Troedrour, Tipweth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-poeth O S 1 834, Tyrboeth 1 84 l cens., Ty-poeth 0Sc. 1 950 Undergrove -(SN 248-445)[E. under + grove] ; Undergrove OOS 1 8 1 4, Undergrove 1 835PR L1andygwy, Undergrove Cottage OS 1 89 1 Waun-fach -(SN 285-423)[y + gwaun (+ bach)] � [wejn'va:x E. A Rees] \Vainfach 1 84 l cens., \Vaun-rach OS 1 891 -

81

(4) IS-COED \Vaunfe!ys �(SN 274-43 1 ) [y + gwaun + melys]; Waun Felis 1 839TMS, WaiP.felis 1 84l cet1S. , Waun OS 1 891 Wemdeg -(SN 284-459)[y + g\vem + teg] ; [���b�ug!o old name, wern 'de:g M. Davies] \Vemdeg OS 1 982 Renamed TYemdeg because of a connection between the new oVvners with Wem-net-�ydd (22�a) (inf M. Davies] . Wem-fach -(SN 278-430)[y + gwem + bach] ; \VeiT'J'ach 1 828PR Llandygwy, Wern-fach OS 1 834, \Vern-tach OS 1 89 1 Wem Villa �(SN 267-440)(tn. [Pen]wem[�fach] (4=a) + E. villa]; \Vern Villa OS 1 982 Windermere -(SN 283-489)[E.L11. Windermere (Westmorland)] ; Windermere OS 1 982 Ysgol Biw!a -(SN 288-46l)(ysgol + tn. Biv1la (4-a)]; Beulah C.P. 1 967 \VLS, School OS 1 982 Ysgol Cenarth -(SN 266-41 9)[ysgol + tn. Cenarth (Ca..rms.)] ; School OS 1 982 Ysgo! Llandygwy -(SN 241 -437)[ysgol + tn. Llandygv.'Y (4-a)] ; [ �sk:l!'eglos, ti'r�sk:ll T. S . .!\1orris] Schs. OS 1 904, Llandygv·vydd V.P. 1 967 \VLS b. 1 847 [1947 TS 25/07/47] ; dosed in 1 970s [inf. T. S. Morris] . Ystradmor -(SN 249-41 8)[ystrad + ma�.vr] ; [stradm:lr (farm + pia:s) T. S . :M.orris] Stradmor ycha ? 1 61 0 Nouadd .!\1SS, Stradmore F.m OOS 1 8 1 2, Stradmor Hill 1 8 1 6PR Llandygv.'Y, Stradmor Hill 1 827PR Llandygwy, Stradmore Hill OS 1 834, Stradmore Hill + Stradmore Cottage ? 1 84 l cei1S. , Stra 1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/ 1 2, Pont Ystrad 1 932 J.Lyn..11-Thomas p. 50, Pont Bren Pwll Crwyn 1 974 J. G.Jenkins p. 145, (c) Pwll Aber Arwen, Aberarwen (prox.) 1 974 J.G.JerJ1 271(1332) cart. Tal-llychau (b): 162]). The pP� Sawyl, OW. Sauuil [c.l 1 40 LL: 1 9 1 ] is derived from L.pn. Samuel, and is contained in the Carmarthenshire Llansawyl (Llansawel on OS maps) which is realised locally as ian'sowrl [inf. SWDP, Llansav•el] . \\'bile the forms favour [wJ over [v] it is often difficult to distinguish ..at Helyg stands for * Rhelyg, a word uP..attested in \Velsh, but found in Breton releg and I. reilie meaning 'burial place', from L. reliquice, and found in the toponymy of those countries (D. R Paterson [ 1 926 : 59] gives the old English names of Steepholm and Flatlwlm in the Bristol Channel as respectively Steapan Relice and Bradan Relice, which contain the English adjectives steep and broad with a reflex of L. reliquia? - presuw..ably from Norse through Irish). Such an identification would hinge on whether the common confusion of the place of between a defwite article and following word that begins with or a vowel (cf 1 959 BBCS vol. l 8 p.27 1 ) is attested in other place-names as early as 1 200. Hendre -(SN 260-495) [hendre:fJ; [�r'hendre I . Davies] Hendre OS 1 982 b. 1 93 4, originally a half part of Tanreglwys ( 5-a) [ iP£ I.

Highfield Place -(SN 245- 5 1 2) [E.

Davies] .

high + field + place] ;

Highfield Place OS 1 982 A housing estate.

Hilltop Way -(SN 249-5 1 2) [£.

bill + top + ·way] ;

Hilltop Way O S 1 982 1�.. street.

Kingdom Hall inf b. 1 992

Llain

-(SN 280-492) [E. kingdom + hall];

[iP..f E. Jones] . [lajn D. A.

-(SN 246-490)[llaint

Hughes]

in£ Llainddu -(SN 28 1 -493)[llain + du] ; [iajn'()i: E. Jones] (c) Park Llain Du 1 787sur map, Llainddy 1 793 Nouadd MSS, Llain-ddu OS 1 834, Llain-du OS 1 89 1 The -ddu i s in opposition t o Llainwen (4- a); cf Llainddu-:fach (4�a). Llaindelyn �(SN 247-5 1 3) [llai.'1 + y + telyn] ; [iajn 'delm D. T. Jones] Llaindelyn (sign)

Llwynbedw -(SN 239-503 ) [llv.')'Il + bedw] ; [iujn'bedu D.

T. Jones]

Llwyn-bedw O S 1 891

Llwyncelyn

-(SN 243-499)[llwyn

+ celyn] ; [iujn'kelin E.

Jones]

Llwyn-celyn O S 1 89 1

Llwyncoed -(SN 258-499)[llvrjl1 westfild 'haws I. Davies]

+ y + coed] ;

[mjn'k:>jd

N . Jones, I . Davies,

tnjn'ko·jd

D.

A.

Hughes, now

Llwyncoed 1 792PR Aberporth, Llwyn y Coed c. 1 795 Coedmor MS 546, Llwynycoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lhvyn­ coed O S 1 8 3 4, Llwyn-coed O S 1 89 1 , Lhvyn-coed O S 1 904, Westfield House O S 1 982

Llv.ryngwyn

-(SN 25 5-492)[lhvyn + gwyn] ;

[iujn'gwm I. Davies, D. A.

Hughes]

Llwyn-gwyn OS 1 891

Llyswerydd

-(SN 275-501 ) [llys + tn. Iwerydd] ;

Llys\verydd OS 1 982

Maesamlwg -(SN 272- 5 0 l )[rr..aes + amhvg] ; M..aes-amlwg OS 1 89 1 , Maesamlwg 1 924-25 CSRLS 5

Maes-y-deri -(SN 254-490) [maes + y + deri] ; [majs�'deri

I. Davies, D.

A.

Hughes]

Maesyderi O S 1 982, Maes-y-deri 1 989 R Jones p . 6 1 b. > 1 9 1 0

[ inf I. Davies] ; it has been surrounded by bungalows, and recently Ffordd Lbtyncoed. Maes-y-meillion -(SN 268-508)[maes + y + meillion] ; [ majs�'mejtj:m M. JenkiP.s]

the area has been signposted

Maesymeillion OS 1 982

Manancourt -(SN 277-499)[F.tn.

1\.1aP..ancourt (So:mme, Fra11ce )];

[man�n'ko:rt E.

Jones]

M..a11..ancourt OS 1 982 This was named because in connection with an episode of the Great War of 1 9 1 4-1 8 [inf E.

93

Jones].

(5) IS-COED Mans �(SN 247-49l ) [mans] ; Manse 1 904 J.Evans p. 329 The minister's residence of Capel Blaenannerch (5-a), b. 1 902 [ 1 904 J. Eva.'1S : 3 2 9 ] . Melindyffryn -(SN 258-5 1 1 )[melin + t11. Dyffryn (5-a)] ; [�'velm �1. Jenkins] Com Grist Mill 1 8 1 0map Plas Aberporth, Felin Aberporth OOS 1 8 l l , Dyffryn Mill 1 837TMS, Felin Dyffryn 1 840PR Ferwig, Melin Dyffryn (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Melin Dyffryn (disused) O S 1 904, Mill Cottage (prox. ) c. 1 950 ChVAberporth p. 1 8 Mountpleasant -(SN 250-507)[E. mount + pleasant] ; �1ount Pleasant Cottage OS 1 89 1 , I\1ount Pleasant OS 1 904 Nant-y-coed -(SN 252-5 1 4) [nant + y + coedL Nant y Coed OS 1 982 This is a modem name which refers to Afon Gi/lA;en (d). Nan.tderyn -(SN 273-489)[nant + yr + adeP;n] ; [nant'erm N. Jones, E. Jones, 1 Davies, now gwmvr:), revel attached to it I. Davies] Tytbin Meredith Jenkin Bedo als. Nant y Derin 1 6 5 1rent, Nant y Derrin 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Nant-aderyn OS 1 834, Nantyderin 1 84 l cens. , Nant-eiryn OS 1 89 1 , Nant-eirw (sic) O S 1 904 See Pennantderyn (4-a). Noddfa -(SN 248-502)[noddfa] ; Noddfa OS 1 982 Panttfwm -(SN 252-50 1 )[pant + y + ffwrn] ; [pant�'furn N. Jones, D. T. Jones] Pant y Fnvrn 1 763PR Aberporth, Pant y Fv.lfl'll 1 78 1 PR Aberporth, Pant y Ffu7fn 1 783PR Blaenporth, Pant-ffivrn OS 1 891 , Pa..11tyffwm 1 904 J.Evans p. 3 28 Pant=y-gist -(SN 250-506)[pant + y + cist] ; Pant y Gist 1 765PR Aberporth, Panygist 1 823PR Aberporth., Pa..11t y Gist 1 838TMS This is likely to refer to a stone cist or Iron Age burial monument, cf. Gistfaen (59-a). Parc-y-delyn -(SN 246-5 1 2)[parc + y + telyn] ; [park"" Penyrallt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen'rallt 1 8 1 5PR Aberporth, Pen-'r-allt OS 1 834, Pen yr AJlt 1 83 8TMS, Pen-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 , Penrallt c. l 950 ChVAberporth p. l 2, Hotel Penrallt OS 1 982

Penbryn(i)

-(SN 245-494)(Blaenam1erch)[pen + y + bP.fll) ; [pen�'brm M. Jenkins]

Pen-y-bryn OS 1 89 1 , Pen-bryn 1 989 R.Jones p. 6 1 b . bet. l 838-91

Pen-y-bryn(ii)

[ 1 8381MS Aberporth; OS1 89 1 ] , built b y John Davies, Fjjmnonllygoden ( 3 -a) [ 1 907 J . Eva..'lS: 40]. + y + bryn] ;

-( SN 267-502)(Brynmair) [pen

Pen y Bryn OS 1 982

Pencnwc -(SN 249-5 0 1 ) [pen + y + cnwc] ; [pen'knuk N.

Jones,

peg'knuk D.

T. Jones]

Pen y Knwk 1 75 2PR Aberportr"" Penknwc 1 772PR Aberporth, Penlm.wck c. 1 795 Coedmor �AS 546, Penycnwc 1 803PR Aberporth, Penycnwc OOS 1 8 l l , Pen-y-cnwc O S 1 834, Pen-cnwc O S 1 8 9 1

Penffin

-(SN 257-488)[pen + y

+ ffm] ; [pen'fi:n N. Jones, I. Davies]

Pen-ffin OS 1 89 1 , Per1ffm O S 1 982, (pPL ) Dai Pen-fF.n 1 989 R Jones p.27

Com-yr�Jr [ 1 838TMS Aberporth].

On boundary between parishes

Penf!Ynnon

and

-(SN 256- 5 1 3 ) [pen + y + ffyn..11on] ;

Tanreglwys (5-a),

[pen'fmpren N .

Jones,

pem' p:>mpren D.

T. Jones]

Penbompren (sign)

Pentre-felin

-(SN 2 5 8- 5 1 0)[pentref + yr + melin] ;

[pentre

D. T. Jones]

Pentrefelin 1 829PR Llangoedmor, Pentre'r Felin 1 83 2PR Llangoedmor, Pentre-felin OS 1 89 1 , Pentre Feli'1 1 924-25 CSRLS 5, (c) Pentre'r Felin Lane 1 947 TS 2 1 / 1 1 /47

Pen-uv.rch

-(SN 25 1 - 5 1 5)[pen

+ uwch] ; [pen'nvx D. T. Jones]

Pen: ywch 1 753PR Aberporth, Penwych 1 775PR Aberporth, Penuwch 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifan, Pen-uwch OS 1 89 1 , Penuwch c. 1 95 0 ChVAberporth This place is far from being the highest point i..11 Aberporth parish, not even within the rectorial hamlet of Aberporth, which excludes those lands which were part of the grange of Blaenannerch. However it is known tr..at during the thirteenth century

[ 1 250 CalChartR: 347] the lands of Ffnvdv,;enith (5-a) and Pennardd

(5-a) - in1mediately to the E of Aberporth - were granted to a Gwilym ab Gwrwared, ancestor of the lords of Tywyn

(2 -a), it seems that this gave rise to a lordship of sorts (though no trace of this seems to have 95

(5) IS-COED survived i..'l.to the early Modem period). Penuwch lay immediately below the boundary of the farm of Pennardd-isa, and so would have been the highest inhabitation in the remnant of Aberporth that had not been granted, during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, to either Gwilym ab G\vnvared, or the monastery of Talley; for the c-Onstruction of the P.ame, see sub Pen-uwch (40-a). Penwac-isa -(SN 244- 5 1 3)[pen + y + wac (+ isaf)]; [pen,wak'i.Ja D. T. Jones] Penar Cottage OS 1 982 Penwac-ucha -(SN 243 - 5 1 2)[pen + y + wac (+ uchaf)] ; [pen'wa:k N. Jones, pen,wak'axa D. T. Jones] Penywalk ucha 1 8 1 5PR Aberporth, Pen-y-walk O S 1 834, Penwalk 1 924--26 CSRLS 4, Penwak 1 874 in 1 983 D. Jenkir.s p.2 1 Perthi -(SN 262� 5 1 1 )[perthi]; Pertbi OS 1 89 1 , (c) Ffordd-y-berth ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pertbi House in£ Plas -(SN 254-5 1 1 ) [plas]; [pla:s N. Jones, D. T. Jones] Clunerodin 1 250 CalCha!Ll{ p.347, Climerodin 1 252 CalPR p. l 26, Place y Ddol vav.'f ? 1 594/95 M.Richardson MSS p.33 1 , Plas yT Hendy ? 1 630/3 1 Aberglasney �AS 1 23, PHis 1 754PR Aberporth, Tir Plas Aberporth 1 765 MRichardson MSS p.3 52, Place 1 78 1 Ty-llwyd MSS, Plas Aberporth 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 77, Plas Aberporth 1 81 0map Plas Aberporth, Plac Aberporth OOS 1 8 1 4, Plas 1 838TMS, P!as OS 1 89 1 , Y Plas 1 894 J.Evans p. l 2, Y Plas a'r Home Farm 1 989 R Jones p. 21 A study of the Rectorial Hamlet of Aberporth in the tithe map of 1 838 shows that Plas is t.�e only possible candidate for the 1 250 Clun-yr-odyn \Vhich was mentioned along with Ffrwmvenith (5-a) and Pennardd (5-a), cf the nearby Cluncoch (5-a). The interpretation Glynyrhodni by W. Rees [ 1 933map] is an attempt to understand the name as *Glyn-yr-"'T-fowni, this would then correspond to present-day Dyffrynhowni (5-a) or Cwmhowni (5-a). However, the defi�nite article before a river-name at this date is unheard of, and thus puts paid to *Glyn-yr-Howni. Plas-y-m,vg -(SN c. 254-5 1 3)[plas + y + m\vg] ; Plasymwg 1 873map Trecregyn Cf Fagddu (55-a). Plas-newydd -(SN 248-51 0)[plas (+ newydd)] ; [pla:s'newi D. T. Jones] Plasne\\ydd OS 1 982 A new house on Plas (5�a) la..'1d [inf D. T. Jones] . Presely -(SN 23 1 -505) [tn. Presely (Pembs.)] ; Preseli OS 1 982 Pwllmelyn -(SN 260-487) [pwll + melyn] ; Pwll-melyn O S 1 891 The melyn was from the clayey nature of the soil [ 1 924�25 CSRLS 5]. R.A.E. -(SN 243-520)[E.acr. R[oyal] A[ircraft] E[stablish.111ent] ] ; [ar'e·'i:, armi'kamp D. T. Jones] Royal Aircraft Establishment Aber-porth O S 1 982, (c) ar Fane y Pennar 1 989 RJones p. 59, \Vi.rtdy City 'nicl 1 1 97( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau (a), Nant Perth\vynrmnt >1 1 97( 1 3 3 2) ca...rt. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63, Aber Gvvymond (prox. ) 1 604 Cilg\\'Yn I l\1SS, Tyr Aber Gwymond, Tyr Blayn Gvvymond 1 634 Cilgwyn I l\1SS, Tir Rees ap Rutharch yn Aber Gwynon, Tir Rees ap Ruddurch Ynglan Gvv 1 667 Itin. R. Vaughan: Garregbica -(SN 259- 5 1 6)[y + carreg + pica] ;

849] ; cf.

Gaer (5-a).

Y Garreg Bicca 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Careg-bicca O S 1 904, Carreg Bica O S 1 982 This was 'much smaller than the Llangrannog one' [ 1 890 TS 1 9/1 2/90] .

L!ainmacyn -(SN 234-507) [llain + w..acyn] ; [lan'makm, lam'akm D. T. Jones] Llanmacyn (gipsy lane) 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, i Lainmacyn 1 989 R Jones p . 5 9, Llain l\1acyn 1 98 9 R.Jones p. 98 "Yr hyn a ahvem yn 'Bishyn Padis111 [ 1 989 R. Jones: 98] .

Ogo Castell-Uudu -(SN 26 1 -5 1 6) [ogof + tn. Castell-lludu] ; Tudor's Castle 'near sea c.oast' ? 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Blaen Porth, Castell Tydur ? 1 83 3 S . Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. 1 p. 1 76, Ogo Castell Llydy als. Ogo l\1iss Howell 1 891 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Ogof Castell-lludy OS 1 89 1 , Ogof Castell Llidi O S 1 904

Castel!-lludu seems to be the promontory of Pen-y-graig (5-a). Along v.rith Pembrokesl>.ire \Velsh the most usual form i.."l this area for 'ash' is llumv though the se\V. form lludu is found not far away i."l parts of central Cardiganshire (an attestation of llidi (Pcmbs.) [c. 1 900 ·NLW MS 2475-A] may indicate that the realisation lludu has only recently receded before lludw in Pembrokeshire ). The earlier Castelltudyr seerr1s to be for tl>is place, and if so we IP.ay b.ave !ludu as a popular reanalysis of Tudyr, unless Tudyr itself is the popular reanalysis of lludu, cf. Cwmtydu (1 8-a). Ogo-ddoupen -(SN 249-525)[ogof + deupen] ; Ogo Ddoipen 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Ogof-ddau-ben O S 1 982, Ogof Ddeupen 1 983 Gambo n. 3 Cf Ogofrldeupen (1 9-b). Ogo DOlwen -(SN 257-5 1 6)[ogof + tn. Dolwen (5 a)]; -

Ogo' Dolwen 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Ogof-glan-traeth OS 1 89 1 , OgofDolwen OS 1 982

Ogo-dwnsh -(SN 264- 5 1 5)[ogof + y + dwnsi[vvn] ]; [og�·�un.f l\.1. Jenkins, R Jones] Ogo Ddwnsh 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Ogof Dwnsh O S 1 89 1 , Ogof Dwnsh OS 1 904, Ogo'r Dwnch 1 9 1 1 > D. J. Saer p . 3 0, Ogo Dd\\rnsh 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Y r OgofDdvmsh 1 93 8 W'FI\.1 l\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 3 The form chAmsh appears to be an otherwise unattested truncation of dHmsiwn 'precipice'. The precipice in question is a 1 1 Oft deep, and is widest in the middle, " At the outer end joins are so close together that boys are accustomed to jump across . " [ 1 891 TS 02/0 l/91 ] . A terrible pit which goes sheer dovvn from the top of the cliff to the waves below [ 1 9 1 1 > D. J. Saer: 30] . Ogo-goron -(SN 265-5 1 5)[ogof + y + coron] ; [og :>'gor:>n R. Jones, D. T. Jones] Pwll-y-goron 1 891 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Pwll y Goron (prox. ) 1 9 1 1 > D . J. Saer p.30, Ogof Goron O S 1 982 li.. pretty cove [ 1 91 1>

D. J.

Saer: 30] ; The sense

Y Coron 'the Crown' (i.e. 'the government'), is unlikely to Is-Coed Uwch-Hinvern (e), so were all the

apply, for though it was part of the Crown lordship of

environing lands; cf. Crown (71 -a). Ogo-Mali -(SN 262- 5 1 6)[ogof + f pn. Mali] ; [og :>'mali R. Jones, D. T. Jones] Ogo Ffo rdd als. Ogo Mali fach als. Ogo George 1 89 1 TS 02/01 /9 1 , Ogof l\.1aly OS 1 89 1 , Ogof Mal-li OS 1 904

Ogo Siaci'r Cwm -(SN 262-5 1 5) [ogof + pn. Siaci'r Cwm] ; Ogo Sb.acky'r Cwm 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1/91 ,A cer+.ain Siaci

Cwmporthmon lost his life here ( 1 891 TS 02/0119 1 ] . Pencartws -(SN 260-5 1 2)[pen + y + cartws] ; [skwa:r,peg'kartos, (c) hnw,peiJ'kartus R . Jones] Pen-cartws 1 905 n.c. in ATL P2. 3 94, Pencartws 1 954 WGaz. 1 3/05/54, (c) Rhiw Pencartws 1 989 R Jones p. 1 7 1 , at Bencartws 1 989 R. Jones p. 1 78

Pencribach -(SN 250-524)[pen + tn. Cribach (5-a)] ; Crubbach H.d 1 776map M Mackenzie, Pen Cribach O S 1 834, Pen Cribach 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , C1ybach 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pen Cribach 1 924-26 CSRLS 5 A promontory [ 1 9 1 1 > D.

J. Saer: 3 0 ] . Penrodyn -(SN 258-5 1 5)[pen + y r + odyn]; [pen'r:>dm I. Davies] Lime-kilns 1 8 1 0tr.ap Plas Aberporth, i Ben'rodyn 1 905 n. c. in ,ATL P2. 394, Penrodyn 1 947 TS 2 1 11 1147, ar Ben 'r Odyn 1 989 R Jones p. l 78 Near Pare y

Coronation

[ 1 989 R.

Jone-s: 1 78 ] . 100

(5) IS-COED Pentraeth-bach

- (SN 265-5 1 5) [pen

+ tn. Traeth-bach] ; [pentraj8'ba:x D. T. Jones]

Pen Traeth-bach O S 1 89 1 , (c) Ffynnon Pentraeth-bach 1 947 TS 2 1 / 1 1 /47

Pentr..vyncynwyl -(8N 258-5 1 5) [pen + trwyn + pn.

Cymvyl] ;

Pen-trwyn-Kynfu 1 890 T8 1 9/ 1 2/90, Pen Tv;yn Cynwyl (sic) c. 1 950 ChVAberporth p. l 9, Pen Tnvyn Cynwyl OS 1 982, Pentro Cymvyl l 983 Gambo n. 6 Cymtyl was the patron-saint of Aberporth churd1, see sub

[ 1 890 TS 1 9/12/90). Pentrwynmorys -(8N 256-5 1 7)[pen + tnvyn + pn.

Morys] ;

Aberporth

[trujn'm:lr:e:s D .

(5-a); 'head of Kynvil's naze (sic)'

T. Jones]

Pen Trvvyn Moris OS 1 982

Rofft -(SN 25-5 1 ) [y + grofft]; [r:lft D. T. Jones] Y Rofft, Rhiw 'Rofft 1 924-26 C8RLS

5,

Y Rofft 08 1 982, Rillw y Rofft als. PunisP.ment Hill 1 997

Golwg 20/03/97 p. l 2 The name o fa n ascent [inf. D . T . Jones] .

Traethcribach -(8N 250-522)[traeth + tn.

Cribach (5-b)] ;

Tra'th-y-Cribach 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Traeth y Cribach 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Traeth y Cribach OS 1 982

Traeth Dolwen -(SN 257-5 1 5) [traeth + trt

Doh.ven (5-b)) ;

[tra:(W5o:l'wen M.

Jenkins,

tra:9�'pla:s D.

T. Jones]

Traeth Draw 'further beach', Tra'th Draw 1 890 TS 1 9/ 1 2/90, Traeth y Plas O S 1 89 1 , Traeth-y-plas als. Dolwen Beach c. l 950 ChVlt\,berporth p. l 6, Traeth Dolwen OS 1 982, Traeth y Plas 1 983 Gambo n. 3

Traethdyffryn -( S N 259-5 1 5) [traeth + tn.

Dyffryn (5-b)];

[tra:S�'bge J.

G. Jenkins,

tra:S�'d�frm

D. T. Jones]

Traeth Dyffryn 08 1 89 1 , Tra'th-y-Dyffryr1, Tr'th-y-Dyffryn 1 89 1 T8 02/0 1 /9 1 , Traeth-y-dyffryn (Dyffryn Beach) c. 1 950 ChVAberporth p. l 0, Traeth y Llongau 1 982

J. G.Jenkins p. 1 1 , Traeth Aberporth 1 983

D. Jenkins p. l 2, Traeth Aberporth 1 983 Gambo n. 3

Traethgwrddon

-( SN 233-520) [traeth + tn.

Gv..rrddon (5-b)] ;

[tra:S�'gwer('km

M. Jefl.kins,

tra:S�'gur��n

D. T.

Jones] Traeth-y-gv.'I)'ddon O S 1 834, Traeth y Gv.tyr \Vyddon 1 860

/i,,C p.6 1 , Traeth Gwryddon 1 983 Gambo

n. 3 , at Draeth y Gwyrddon 1 997 Golwg 20/03/97 p. 1 2 "The sand o r landing place o f the wild men"

Traeth-yr-helyg -(SN 269- 5 1 5) [traeth + Jones, tra:9'ieti R Jones]

tn. Helyg

[1 860 AC: 61]. (5-a)]; [tra:S ba:z M. Jenkins, tra:S�'hrehg D. T. Jones, R. '

Traeth Bach-yr-helyg OS 1 89 1 , Tra'th-yr-Helyg 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Traeth y Llety 1 983 Gambo n. 3

Traethmari -(SN 230- 5 1 9) [traeth + f.pn. Mari] ; [tra:S'mari Ll. Jenkins] iP£ Traethpenloyn -(8N 252-520)[traeth + y + penloyn] ; [tra:elpen'bjn, parklpen'bjn

(prox. ) D. T. Jones]

Traeth Penloin 1 924-26 CSRLS 4, Pen-loyn 1 924-26 CSRLS 5, Traeth Penloin 08 1 982, Penloyn 1 983 Gambo fl� 3 The term penloyn,

lit. 'coal-head', can refer to a number of birds of the Paridce family, especially the 'coal­

tit'. However, it is possible that penloyn is a reanalysis of Pengloyn, as the location of tf!is beach below steep cliffs is suspiciously similar to the site of that protruding cliff with the similar-sounding name of

Pengloyn (46-a).

101

(6) IS-COED BRONGWYN Aberceri -(SN 293-4 1 9) [aber + hn. Ceri] ; [aber'keri E. A. Rees] Tythen Aberkeri als. Tir Penn Pont Pren Keri 1 6 1 0 Cilg\\yn

I MS S, Tythin Aberkery als. Tir Pen Bont

Bren Kery 1 63 1 Cilgwyn I I\.1S S , Tyr A.ber Kety 1 634 Cilgvv"fll I I\.1SS , Tythyn Aberkeri als. Tir Pen Pont Bren Kery 1 647 Nouadd �v1SS, Aber Keri 1 65 1 rent, Aberkeny 1 700 Cilgvv)'!l

I

�v1S S, Tyddyn Aberkeri

als. Tyr Penn Pont Pren Kerri 1 722 Cilgwyn I M-S S, Aberkerry 1 83 0 Bronwydd MSS , Aber-ceri OS 1 834, Abarceri (dialect) c. 1 900 NLW MS 2492-C, Abarceri (dialect) 1 909 W. E.Evans Cf Pontceri ( 1 1 -a). Aberglvrog -(SN 282-438)[ aber + hn.

Gwrog] ;

i\ber Gwerog 1 65 1 rent, AbergvvTog 1 720 Nouadd �ASS, Abergwrog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abergv..Tog OS 1 834, Abargwrog 1 84 1 cens . , Abergurog 1 844TMS

A.lltgeri

-(SN 3 02-425)[allt + Tir Ff\vrn

hn. Ceri] ; A.llt Gery 1 61 7rent, Ffwern A.lt Geri 1 65 l rent, Allt Kerry 1 760CF, ;\Jltgerri 1 8 1 3PR

Llandyfri'og, Alltgery 1 820PR Llandyfr'iog, Rallt-ceri OS 1 834, ,4Jlt Ceri 1 833PR Llandygwy, Ralltgery, Alltgery 1 84 l cens . , Allt-ceri 0 8 1 89 1 , ;\Jlt Geri O S 1 904

Ashcourt -(SN 293-42 1 ) [E.

ash + court] ;

[aJ'k;lrt, aJ'ko:rt E.

A Rees]

Ash Court OS 1 982

Blaencwm -(SN 299-446) [blaen + y + C\\'111] ; Blaencwm 1 8 1 9PR Llandyfr1og, Blaen-y-cwm O S 1 834, C-arage OS 1 982

Blaendyffryn

-(SN 287-45 1 ) [blaen + y + dyffryn] ;

Landyffryn 1 83 0PR Benvsifan, Blaen-dyffryn OS 1 83 4

Blaen-y-ffynnon

-(SN 299-442) [blaen + y + ffyn11on] ;

Blaen-y-ff)mnon 08 1 89 1

Blaengwrog-fawr -(SN 277-442) [blaen + hn . Glangorok 1 5 59 Nouadd MSS, [

Gwrog ( + mmvr)] ;

] en G\vrog 1 573 Nouadd MS S, Tyr Blaen Gwrocke 1 640 Coedmor

MS 55 6, Blaen Gwarig 1 6 5 1 rent, Glan Gwarig + Ynglan Gwarig 1 65 1 rent, Blaengarreg 1 7 1 8 Bromvydd l\1S S , Blang\\Tog

1 760PR Penbryn, Blaengv�'fog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-gwrog OS1 834, Llang\\Tog-fav.T

O S 1 89 1 , Blaengwrog 08 1 904 Cf

Blaengwyn

Blaen Fj,-.vddwrog als. Glandwrog (Cena..'i:h, Carrr1s .) [ 1 758 Colby MSS] . -(SN 290-42 1 )[blaen + gwyn ?] ; [blao'gwm E . A . Rees]

Blaen-gwyn 1 844TMS, Llain-lhvyn-du-isaf (sic loc. ) OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-gv.')'ll OS 1 904 The positioner

blaen

is usually complemented by a hydronym or a farm-name, but in this L'lstance \Ve are

left with the simple adjective

glvyn

\vhite', which is unsettling, perhaps it originally lay on the upper pfu'i

of the holding of Drewen � in 1 844 [IMS] Williams, as did A.1elin reduced to

isa (4-a). Blaensylltyn -(SN

*Blaenwen,

Drewen

Blaeng�-vyn

was a smallholding of 1 acre belonging to

E.

Ll.

(6-a) . Thus, the name may have evolved from an original *Blaen Drewen,

which in turn was reanalysed as

Blaengwyn to fit masculine blaen;

see

Clunllwyd­

3 03 -440) [blaen + lh"l. Sylltyn] ;

Tythen Blaen S ylltyn 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MS S, Tythin Blaen Sylltyn 1 63 1 Cilgwyn I MSS, Tythyn Blaen S illtyn als. Blaen y Gors 1 647 Nouadd MSS, Blaen Siltin 1 65 1 rent, Blaen y Gorse 1 720 Nouadd MS S , Tyddyn Blaen Sy!tyn 1 722 Cilgv,I)'Il I MSS , Blaen Silltin 1 803tnap J . Singer, Blaensilltin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen­ silltyn O S 1 834, Blaensilltin 1 839TMS Betwsifan, Blaen Syllti.ct1 1 844TMS, Blaen-syllt..I)Tfl OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bron Gwyn (Br)'Il-g'.vyn) 1 83 3 S . Lewis ( 1 850 p. l 3 1 ,

edn) vol l

Plwyf y Brongwyn 1 869 B.\Villiams p . 227, Brongwyn, St. �1ary's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 ,

Church OS 1 982

102

(6) IS-COED The Capella filiorum Ydhalfilii Rae! [>1 271(1 332) cart. Tal�llychau (b): 1 62], a chapel connected with PenblJm (8-a) may be Brangwyn, which was also a cr..apelry under Penbryn church. The r..ame Ydhal was understood by D. L. Price [ 1 879: 1 72] as Ithael, which would connect it with Benvsithael, however, a probably more secure reading is Capella filiontm Ydwal Filii Rae! [>1 271(1332) cart. Tal-llychau (a)], which shows the personal-name to have been ldH.Jal rather than Ithael, making the connection between this medieval chapel and Brongwyn wholly tentative. P. 6 Riain [1 994: 392] after having said misleadingly that " . . . Bemvs names are normally accompanied by names of saints, as with Betws Aeddan etc. " (for proof of the opposite, cf Benvsblednvys (29-a), Betws Gweifj:l Goch i..1. Denbighshire), notes "There is, however, no other record of a St !thel. On the other hand, a son of Ceredig is said to have borne the name. " Brong\V)'ll was a chapel of ease [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 212]. The name Ithael, probably the same person is found in Pencaerithael, an alias of nearby Gaer (6-a). The P..ame Bronw;yn is puzzling, as bron, a ferninine noun could only be followed by the femill:ine adjective gwen (B. Williams's opinion [ 1 868: 1 40] that bron was formerly rr.asculine has no support). It could be understood as a variant spelling of bryn under English spelling conventions (cf Cornvil for Cyrnvyl, sub Aberporth, 5-a). The compounded *Bryngl-t'}n being pronounced *br�ugwm but spelt Brongwyn (though of course, bei.P..g that this area pronounced anomalous //i// we should expect * brnJgwm), cf. Bryngwyn (7-a). The spellings with Bryngwyn for this name are intermittent in comparison with spellings with Brongl-1-'}'n, and the first appearance of the form Bryngl-V}'n :in the Enwau Plm.-fau Cymru list of c. 1 566 - a list which 'corrected' (or over-grammaticised) Welsh place-names - leads one to doubt its validity, though it is found independently at least 1:\vice in 1 587 and 1 6 1 5 . M. Richards [ 1 960a: 22] believed that the proper form of this name was Bryn-gwyn. i\nother church with a similar name, Bryngwyn (SO 1 8-49, Rads.), is found as Brengwyn [1406 ERSt-David: 376], otherwise Bryng1-vyn [1 3 98 ERSt-David: 78] . The unique spelli.."'lg Broyngwin of Saxton's map ( 1 578) rell'inds us of Bronllys (SO 1 4-34, Brees.) wl>�ch is found variously as BnvJmllys, Bronllys or BrJmllys, with M Richards ( 1 967-70: 1 50] favouring Brynllys as the original. Bronsylltyn -(SN 308-433)[bron + ]1.n. Sylltyn] ; Fron-Sylltyn OS1 891 Brynceri -(SN 294-420)[bryn + hrt Ceri] ; Brynceri OS 1 904 b bet l 89 1 1 904 [OS1 891 ; OS1904]. Bryndu -(SN 299-445)[bf)'l1 + du] ; Llwyn y Fynnon als. Llenie Brin Du c. l 775 l\1anordeifi l\1SS p. 9, Brindu, Bryndu 1 830PR Betwsifan, BI)'ll-du OS 1 834, Brundy 1 84 l cens., Dol-y-bryn OS 1 891, Dol-y-bryn OS 1 904, Bryndu Cottages, Smiths Forge 1 890-1923 Beckingsale l\v1SS p. l 2 1 Bryneinon -(SN 298-440)[bryn + tn. [Pant] einon (6-a)] ; Bryn Einon OS 1 982 Bryngwrog -(SN 280-444)[bryn + hn. Gwrog] ; Br;ngv.rrog OS1 891 , Brynw,vrogfach 1 91 4 \VelslL.TAin 1 0/07/14 Bryngwyn -(SN 299-446)[bryn + gwyn] ; Bryn Gvvyn O S 1 891 , BP;n Coed OS1 982 This tmme may emulate Capel Brynw;yn (7-a), b. 1 83 8, in all events, both names were suggested by Brongwyn (6-a); cf. Bryng'AJ}'fl (7-a). Bryn pare -(SN 299-447)[bryn + pare] ; Brynparc OS 1 982 Brynteg -(SN 299-447)[hr)'11 + teg] ; Btynteg OS 1 982 Bryn Villa -(SN 299-446) [bryn + E. villa] ; Bryn Villa OS 1 982 Capel Drewen -(SN 292-41 8)[eapel + tn. Drewen (6-a)] ; [kapel ,tre'wen E. A Rees] Indt. Chapel OS1 891 , Drewen, N.Emlyn c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Cf!..apel OS1 904, Y Dre-\ven 1 97 1 M.E. James p. 1 6, Capel OS 1 982, Y Drewen, Trewen 1 987 B.J.Rav1lins p.48 b. 1 737 [ 1 85 1 Re1 cens. : 493; 1 971 M. E. James: 1 6] ; b. 1 81 4, rest. 1 843 , rest. l 8 59 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawli."'ls: 48) . Cilfallen -(SN 294-43 1 )[ cil + yr + afallen]; Tir Ky! y Vallen 1 6 1 7rent, JJawdd 1 583 Nouadd 1\1SS, Pant y Llech Glawd 1 65 1rent, Pantllechglawdd 1 760CF, Pantllechglaw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantllechglawdd 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Pant=llech-glaw O S 1 834, Pant Llwch Llawdd 1 837TMS Blaenportb.., Blanllechglawdd 1 84 1 cens. , Pen-uch-clawdd, Peniwch-clawdd 1 844TMS, Pant-llech-clawdd OS 1 89 1 , Blaenllechclawdd OS 1 982 It may be noted t!:mt in Cardigansl>ire, generally, the earthen-bank (W. cknvdd) is rarer than stone-walls (W. clawdd cerryg) which are commoner in north-western Wales. The term llechglawdd may be an old term for such stone-walls as land boundaries; cf Cefnl!echg!mvdd (SN 36-39, Llangeler, Carms.), Llechgknvdd (SN 78-28, Myddfai, Carrns.) [ 1 991 D. B. James: 67 ]. The llechglcrwdd attested in 1 847 (GPC s.v. llechglawdd] has the meaning of slate-quarry. Parcau -(SN 287-442) [parciau] ; Parcu OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parcau OS 1 834, Parke 1 844TMS, Parciau OS 1 89 1 , Parcau OS 1 904, Parce O S 1 982 Penrallt Crugiau -(SN 283-447)[pen + yr + alit + tn. Crugiau] ; Penrallt 1 84 l cens. , Pen-yr-allt-crugiau O S 1 891 The name Crngiau may refer to the burnt mound [OS1 982] at SN 280-450, some 400m to the NW. Penalltgeri-isa -(SN 3 05-426)[pen + allt + hn Ceri (+ isaf)J; Tythen Pen Allt Geri 1 61 0 Cilgv.yn I 1\1SS, Tythi..11 Pen .AJlt Gery 1 63 1 Cilgwyn I MSS , Tithyn Pen .AJlt Keri 1 647 Nouadd MSS , Pen .Alit Geri 1 65 l rent, Tyre Pen Alt Kerry 1 702 Cilgw•;n I l\1S S, Pen Allt Kerry 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Tythyn Penallt Kerry 1 722 Cilgwyn I l\1SS, Pen-allt-cerry 1 773sur map, PeP..alltceri issa OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-alit Ceri isaf O S 1 834, Pe11.alltkerry 1 83 8 REvans 1\ASS, Penallt-geri-isaf 1 844 Th1S, Pen-yr-allt-ceri-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Penralltgeri-isaf OS 1 904 Penalltgeri-ucha -(SN 306-429)[pen + allt + hn. Ceri (+ ucha..f)] ; Penalltceri ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Alit Ceri uchaf O S 1 834, Penallt-geri-uchaf 1 844TMS, Pen-yr-allt-ceri­ uchaf 0S l 89 1 , Penralltgeri-uchaf O S 1 904, Pen'ralltgeri 0Sc. l 950, Penrallt-ceri uchaf 0S l 982 1 05

(6) IS-COED Penralltwen -(SN 297-425) [pen + yr + alit + gwen] ; Pen Rhywr Gwartheg (prox.) 1 65 l rent, Penrhiw-r-Gwartheg (prox.) 1 773sur map, Pen'-rallt-wen O S 1 834, Penralltwen 1 837PR Troedrour, PPenallt-wen 1 8441MS, Pen-yr-allt-\x;en OS 1 89 1 , Penralltwen als. Penrallt 1 896 Jolin Francis MSS vol.2 p. l 2 Penbyliaid -(SN 293-447)[penbyliaid]; Llan Ffos Penbwlied ? 1 65 l rent, Fy:rm.on Penbwlied c. l 775 J\1anordei:fi l\1S S p. 9, Penbwliad 1 78 1PR Blaenporth, Ffynnon Penbwlied OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penybwlied 1 827PR Troedrour, Ffyn.11on-penbwliaid OS1 834, Pen-bwliad O S 1 89 1 , Penbwliaid OS 1 904 Penffoslas -(SN 293-425)[pen + ffos + glas] ; Tir y Ffos Las yn Aberke[ ]y 1 61 7rent, Y Ffes Las yn Aber Keri 1 65 1 rent, Penffoeslas OOS 1 81 1 , Pen­ ffos-las OS 1 891 Pengraig -(SN 284-452)[pen + y + craig] ; Pengraig 1 84 l cens. , Pen'y-graig 1 844TIVIS, Pen-graig OS 1 89 1 Porth-y-fynwent -(SN 286-435)[porth + y + mynwent]; Knwck y Vynewent 1 65 l rent, Porthyffonwent als. Pant Gwyn (sic) 1 771 MRichardson l\1SS p. 440, Porth OOS 1 8l l , Porth-y-fynwent OS 1 834, Danreglwys ? 1 84 l cens., Porth 1 844TMS See Pantgwyn (6-a). Tir-bach -(SN 280-438)[tir + bach] ; Tir bach Brongv.y.n 1 8 1 5PR Llandygwy, Tir-bach O S 1 834, Tir-bach 1 844TMS Uplands =(SN 298�436)[E. up + lands] ; Uplands OS 1 982 Ysgol Drewen -(SN (ii)290-420)[ysgol + tn. Dre\ven (6-a)] ; School OS 1 904, Trewen C. 1 945 \VLS, Trewen C.P. 1 967 \XJLS, Sch OS 1 982 i) SN 292-41 8. 1 904. In 1 844 [ 1 8441MS] there was a cottage on this site. ii) SN 290-420. 1 982.

geonyms Allt-y-fedw -(SN 308-428)[allt + y + bedw]; Yr Allt Ffedw 1 65 lrent, AJlt y Fedw OS 1 89 1 Note the change o f bedw from an adjective t o a noun. Pontgwen:ffJWd -(SN 291 -420)[pont + hn. Gwen.ffrwd] ; Pontwenffrwd OOS 1 8 1 1 Pwll=y-gelod -(SN 286-4 1 4)[pwll + y + gelod]; Pwll y Gelod c. l 970map !.Mathias

1 06

(7) IS-COED BETWSIFAN Aberdulais -(SN 3 1 5 -461 )[aber + lm. Dulais]; Tythyn Aberdylais 1 5 84 Nouadd r-ASS , Aberdylas 1 65 l rent, Aberdulas 1 787sur rnap, Penrhiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aber-dulas OS 1 834, Aber Dulais 1 837TMS, Aber-dulas OS 1 891 , Aberdulas Farm OS 1 982 Abermedeni -(SN 3 1 5-447)[aber + 1-u'L J\1edeni] ; Pantybedw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantybedw 1 828PR Troedrour, Pant-y-fedw O S 1 834, Aber-deny OS 1 891 , Abermadeni OS 1 982 Abersy!ltyn -(SN 3 1 0-420)[aber + hr1. Sylltyn] ; [aber'sdtm 0. Jones, E. Thomas, (c) kom'di: 0. Jones] Tir y Cwm Duy 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MSS, Cvvmdee 1 6 1 0 Cilg\l\.yn I MSS, Y Coom Duy 1 63 1 Cilgvv'Yn I M..S S , Tir y Cumduy 1 647 Nouadd M...SS, Abersyltyn 1 700 Cilgwyn I M...S S, Abersiltin 1 702 Cilgwyn I M...S S, Tir Aber Sylltyn 1 720 Nouadd MSS, Y Tyr y Cwm Ddy 1 722 Cilgwyn I MSS, Cwmdu 1 734PR Llandyfriog, Cwmdfi 1 8 1 0PR Penbryn, Cvnnddu OOS 1 81 1 , C\vmdy 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, C\\rrn-du O S 1 834, Cwm-du OS 1 89 1 , C\vm-du O S 1 904, Aber Sylltyn 0Sc. 1 950, Abersilltyn, (c) Cvnndu (prox. ) OS 1 982 The alias, Cwmdu, is the name of the valley of the Sylltyn [i.._'lf. o. Jones] , cf O.vmdu-isa + -ucha (l l "a), some 300m away in Ceri valley. BETWSIFA..� -(SN 3 0 1 -477)(betws + pn. Ifan] ; [betus L. Jenkins, �·betus H. M. Parry, o·r'betus I. James (Moylgrove)] (ec) Sancti Johannis de Betuskarleugi >1 227( 1 3 08) cart. Slebech, Karlighest >127 1 (1 332) cart. Tal­ llychau, Bettus levan 1 557 Nouadd 1.1SS, Bettus levan 1 564 Bronwydd MSS , Bettvvs lfan c. 1 566EPC, Bettoos Evan, Bettoos Ivan 1 574 Nouadd MSS, Bettus Euan 1 578map C. Saxton, Bettus Ieuan 1 583 Cilgwyn I MSS, Bettus Iein 1 583 Nouadd MS 326, Bettus Ievn 1 585 Nouadd MSS, Y Bettws Ifan c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol 1 p.77, Bettws !evan 1 607 EEW MSS, Betus Ieuan 1 61 9 EMWDS 1 3 , Bettus 1 650rent, Bettus 1 683 Pengelli MSS, Bettus 1 697 Bronwydd MSS, Bettus Evan 1 720PR Troedrour, Bettus Evan 1 760map E.Bovven, Bettws Eva...'1 1 77 1 Nouadd J\1SS , Bettws Church 1 787sur map, Chapel Bettus 1 795PR Betwsifan, Bettws Ieuan 1 799EPC, Bettus s.t John 1 800PR Penbryn, Bettws Ifan 1 803ro.ap J. Singer, Bettws Iwan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 2 1 2, Bettws Einon (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bettws Jeuan 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Bett\vs Jeuan, Chapel Bettws Evan 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifan, Ty'r Bettws 1 8 1 5PR Betwsifan, Bettws 1 826PR Betwsifan, Bettws Efan OS 1 834, Bettws-Ieuvan (Bettws-Ieuan) 1 833 S .Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p. 85, Bettuce 1 830s in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 89, Bettws Evan 0Sc. 1 95 0, Bettws Evan, St. John's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 This name replaced an earlier one Carllygest whose meaning seems wholly obscure, though a similar name is found as that of a farm in Llangeitho parish, cf Garllygest (40-a). Benvsifan owes its name to the K.tlights Hospitallers of Slebech who were granted the envirm1s :ir1 the twelfth century and erected a church dedicated to Saint Joh.11 the Baptist, their favoured saint (the monastery of Talley also had a claim to these environs, perhaps through an earlier grant, but the name favours the Hospitallers as being the prime movers behind the name Betwsifan). The entry of of > 1 227 gives it as a church associated with Penbryn, not as a chapel (as was Ben�'s Brithdir in the same charter), however, by later times it was considered a chapelry of the parish of Penbrya The field name in the immediate vicinity of the church Park St Sifoin (SN 3 0 1 -478) [1 787sur map] might be thought to refer to Saint John under a form such as Syngeon, but is in fact E. saifljoin (L. Onobrychis viciifolia), a deep-rooting legume promoted by eighteenth-century agricultural L'Tiprovers. Comprising: l ) Betwsifan, 2) Bwlch�y�groes, 3) B>vlch-y-llan, 4) Hazeldene. Blaencilfaen -(SN 3 08-466)[blaen + cil + maen ? ]; Blaen-cil-faen OS 1 89 1 , Blaencilfaen 1 967PR Penbryn Tf.is name does not seem correct as it stands, as it is near and above Cilmaenllwyd, is it a garbled form of *Blaen Cilmaenllwyd ? Blaencwm -(SN 304-446) [blaen + y + cwm] ; Blaenycwm 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifav"' Blaencwm 1 820PR Betwsifan, Pleasant View OS 1 982, Blaencwm inf Blaenplwyf -(SN 296-490)[blaen + y + plwyfJ; Blaen y Plwyf 1 803map J. Singer, Blaenphvydd 1 8 1 0PR Penbryn, Blaenyplwyf 00S l 8 1 1 , Blaenyplwydd 1 8 1 2PR Betwsifan, Blanplwidd, Blanplwidd ucha (prox. ) 1 84 1 cens. , Blaen-plV\n'go:g M Davies] Y Fenan Goeg 1 65 1 rent, Fyfion Goeg 1 7 14PR Troedrour, Ff.Yfion Goeg 1 720PR Troedrour, Ffynnon Croeg 1 724 Aberglasney MS 1 26, Ffynnon Goeg 1 768 M.Richardson MS 1 8 1 , Ffynnongoed 1 782 MRichardson MSS p.45 1 , Ffynnongoed 1 784PR Troedrour, Ffynnon Goed 1 787sur map, Ffynnongoeg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty'rlan Ffynnongoed (prox.) 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Ffynnongoed als. Ffynnongoeg 1 832 Aberglasney MS 62, Ffynnon Goed 1 837TMS, Finnongoed > 1 88 1 in 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 1 90, Ffynnon� gog OS 1 89 1 , Ffynongoeg als. Ffynonygog 'fel y dewisai Miss Walters ei enwi' 1 904 J.Evans p. 358, Ffynnon-gog 0Sc. 1 950 The original name, Ffynongoeg, had begun to be interpreted as F.fynnongoed as early as 1 782, but the Jn'vda E. Jones] Fron Villa OS 1 982 Gelli-araul -(SN 289-465)[y + celli + araul ? ] ; [gcli'arel M. Davies] Gelli Arual OS 1 982 Gelli-aur -(SN 285-488)[tn. Gelli-aur (E. Goldengrove, Llanfillangel Aberbythych, Canns. )]; Gelliaur OS 1 982 Gilfach -(SN 3 0 1 -453)[y + cilfachL Gilvach 1 807PR Troedrour, Gilfach OS 1 89 1 Glandulais -(SN 3 1 2-476)[glan + hn. Dulais]; [glan'ddes, g lan'diles, lan'drles M. Thomas] -

109

(7) IS-COED Tyr Velyn Dylas

?? 1 6 1 2 Nouadd MSS , Glandulas 1 650rent, Glandylas 1 739 M. Richardson MSS p. 34 1 ,

Llandylas 1 760CF, Glandylais 1 769 F.C. Carter M S S p. 20, Glandules 1 784 M.Richardson MSS p. 454, Glandules 1 809 Aberglasney MS 1 1 9, Glandules 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Glandulas 1 820PR Betwsifan, Glan­ dulas O S 1 834, Glandules 1 839TMS, Glan-dulas O S 1 89 1

Glandwr -(SN 3 09-477) [glan + d\Vr] ; Glan-dvJI OS 1 89 1

Glanmedeni -(SN 298-470) [glan + hn. Medeni] ; Ynglan Medeni 1 65 l rent, Glan MedePi 1 73 4 Bromvydd MS S , Glan Meden 1 75 8 Bronwydd MSS , �1adeney Villa

1 83 7PR Aberporth,

Glanbedeni

1 83 9 �1.Richardson �1SS

p. 3 69,

Blaen.111odeny,

Glanmodeny 1 83 9Tl\1S, Glar1rr.adenny 1 853 R.Evans �1SS, Blaenbedeny 1 866 Aberglasney

MS

65,

Pantyronen als. Glanmadenny 'and' Penyfedw, 'all k..'1own by the general name' Glanmadeni als. Glanmodenny als. Glanmedeny als. Glamnedeni als. Glanmodenny 1 873 R Evans 1\.1SS , Glan..T.idini 1 874 Aberglasney MS 65, Glanmedenie > 1 8 8 1 in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 90, Glan-medeni OS 1 89 1 , Glanbedeney 1 904 J.Evans p . 3 58, Plas Glanmedeni 1 954 W. Jones p. 1 4,

yng

Nglanmedenni 1 967 CER vol 5 p. 348,

Medeni Villa, 'then' Medi.lla Lodge, 'then' Blaen Medeni, 'then' Glan �1edeni 1 969 CER vol. 6 p .1 72

Built of late ( 1 833 S. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .23] . Glasbant -(SN 280-476) [glas + pant] ; [(c) park�'r:lft M. Davies] Glaspant OS 1 982 This was a division of Pantdaniel (7-a) [i.nf. M.

Glynceri

-

(S N 3 1 9-454)[glyn + l:m.

Davies) .

Ceri] ; [glm'keri + li·s'keri l\1. Thorr.as]

Glynceri OS 1 98 2 Two council houses [ill.£ M. Thomas ] .

Groeswen - ( S N 299-480)[y + croes + gwen] ; Groes-wen OS 1 89 1

Gwrthwynt -(SN 288-467){tn. Gwrthwynt (42-a)] ; {gur6wmt :rv1. Davies] Gwrthwynt OS 1 982

Gwynfa -(SN 295-456) [tn.

Gwynfa];

Gwynfa OS 1 982

Gwynfro -(SN 3 00-448)[gwyn + bro] ; Gwynfro OS 1 982

Hazeldene -(SN 30 1 -476) [E . hazel + dene) ; Hazeldene OS 1 98 2

Henfelin ( SN 3 1 7-442)[hen + melin] ; -

Ty'r He11.felyn 1 773 M.Rich..ardson MS 1 84, He11.felin 1 794PR Troedrour, Henfelin 1 8 1 5PR Betwsifan, Hen Feli.11 OS 1 834

ffiraei - (SN 299-455)[tn. Hire! (Bangor, Caems.)] ; Hiraul OS 1 982 There is no such word as

*hiraul

or

*au!,

so

we

Hirael. Hirael hir + ael [ 1 945 I. Williams: 8-9] .

must posit it is a bad spelling for

inspired by Hire! (Bangor, Caerr1s .), usually written, and understood, as

is

Leion -(SN 3 02-473)[E . (black] + lion]; Black Lion, The Black Lion l 787sur rnap, Lion 1 8 1 0PR Penbtyn, Lion F. m OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lion S rrith 1 8 1 2PR Betwsifan, Lion OS 1 834, Blacklion 1 83 3PR Betwsifan, Black Lion 1 839TJ\1S , Lion Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Black Lion O S 1 904, Y Lion 1 967 S . G-N.Davies p.69 L!ain(i) -(SN 288-475)(Pantdaniel)[llain] ;

[lajn,

original name was lajn'tervm

M

Davies]

Llain 0S l 8 9 1 , L!ain O S 1 904

Llain( ii) -(SN 3 04-439)(0.vnlsylltyn)[llain] ; Llain OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llain O S 1 834, Llain 1 83 2PR Betwsifan, BlaerJlain 1 83 9Th1S

Llaingoetan -(SN 309-447)[llain + y + coetan] ; Llaingoitan 1 809PR Penbryn, Llain Goitan 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpls. , Llain Coetan O S 1 834, Llain-coetan O S 1 89 1 The word

coetan

'quoit' often referred to a crorrJecl>., or more precisely to the capstone o f a cromlech

which was supposedly throvvn there by giants usi.'1g it as a quoit. I do not know of any megalitl-ic monuments here, but any that formerly existed w..ay lm.ve easily been broken a....11d removed during the course of time. Otherwise it is feasible that there was a place for quoit-playing here, though it is not a flat

110

(7) IS-COED area by any means, nor is it near a centre of congregation such as a church or a

1nill. This \Vas explained

" . . . as being the quoits pitching grounds" of the soldiers mentioned in cor1nection with the fanciful etymology of Cwrtgamil (7-a) [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 269] . Llaingota -(SN 295-474)[llain + cota]; [iau'g:lta M . Davies] Y Llain Gotta 1 65 1 rent, Llain Gotta 1 683 Pengelli MSS , Llain-gota OS 1 89 1 , Llai11gota 1 924-26 CSRLS 8

Llaingroes -(SN 285-49l ) [llain + y + croes] ; [iaju'gr�js E. Jones] Llain y Groes 1 787sur :rr.ap, Llaingroes 1 808PR Penbryn, Llain-y-groes O S 1 834, Llaingroes 1 837TMS , Llain-y-groes O S 1 8 9 1

Bwlchgroes (7-a). Llainhal!t -(SN 285-489)[llain + hallt] ; Cf

LlainP.allt 1 8 1 6PR Betwsifan, LlaiP.allt 1 826 LlaPll)TI MSS, Llai.ll-hallt O S 1 834, Llain-hallt 1 838TI\If�, Llainhallt, Llainhallt ucha (prox.) 1 84 1 cens. If tl>. is was named hallt 'salty' due to it being near the top of the watershed facing the seaborne winds (it faces somewhat inland), it is strange that it should have been named thus when there are many other places in the locality which would

be more

lik:ely recipients for seaborne winds. Between 1 83 8 and 1 89 1

its site was removed l OOm t o Llainhallt (4-a).

Llainweddfa -(SN 299-479) [llain + (Moylgrove)]

)lf + g\veddfa] ;

[iajn'wd5va, p!ant;Jgwazal

E. Jones,

gwazal I.

James

Llainybettws ? 1 8 1 2PR Betwsif&� Llainweddfa 1 84l cens., Llain-weddfa OS 1 89 1 , Llai..'l�weddfa OS 1 904, Gwachal 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Gwachaldagu 'old name' The word

gweddfa

meant 'a division of a parish' (c£

inf R Jones Weifa, 1 2-a); its site is some 3 50m NNW from the

parish church.

Llainwen -(S N 301 -446){llain + gwen] ; Llain Wen 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl. 28 1 , Llainwen 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifaf\ Llainwen OS 1 982

Llwynderw -(SN 307-477)[llwyn + derw] ; Llwynderw OS 1 904 Li>j

Glanmedeni -(SN 3 03-47 l ) (loj + tn Glann1edeni (7-a)] ; Lodge 1 84 l cens . , Lodge Bettws 1 874PR Penbryn, Lodge O S 1 89 1 , Lodge OS 1 904, Glanmedeni Lodge OS 1 982, (pn. ) Gwyn Lodge Glamedeni 1 989 R Jones p. l 8 1 Existent [ 1 83 91MS] .

Maesgwyn -(SN 302-482)[maes + g-wyn] ; Maesgv.'Yfl OS 1 982

Pant=y=barn -(SN 3 04-466)[pant + y + bara]; Tir Pant y Bara 1 56 1 Nouadd MSS, Pant y Bara 1 650rent, Pant y Bara 1 65 l rent, Pant y Bara 1 748/49 Pengelli MSS, Pant y Bara 1 760CF, Pant-y-bara (sic loc . ) OS 1 834, Pantybara 1 8371MS The fact that this place stood some 400m above Penallt-y-gwin

(7-a)

l>.as led me to wonder whether both

names referred to lands that contributed to church funds for the sacred bread and wine of office. However, the term Cmms.) ( 1 634

bara is not wholly unknovm in \Velsh toponymy, e. g. Tythin Pant y Bara (Penboyr, Cilgwyn i MSS]; (c) Brine y Bara (Uanbedr Pontsteffan) [ 1 676 Bronwydd MSS] .

Pantbetws -(SN 303-478)[pant + tn. Bet\vs[ifan} (7-a)] ; Pant y Bettus 1 602 G Owen vol.4 p. 478, Pant y Bettws 1 65 1 rent, Pant y Bettus 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd l\1SS , Pant y Bettus 1 760:rr.ap E.Bowen, Plan-y-Bettus 1 765map E.Bowen

et a!. ,

Pant-y�bettws 1 787sur map,

Pantybettws 1 788PR Betwsifan, Pantybett\VS OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantybetws OS 1 834, Panty Bettws 1 83 9TM..S, Pant-y=bettws OS 1 89 1 , Pam B etws 1 924 Cymru vol.66 p. l 3 5

Pant-y-brain -(SN 3 03-449)[pant + y + brai.fl] ; Llain Gr. Dd Goch Y:rrJaen Pant y Brain (prox.) 1 6 1 7rent, Pant y Braine, Blaen Pant y Brai.fle (prox.) 1 65 1 rent, Pant y Brain 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd :tvfSS, Pant y Brain c . 1 775 M..anordeifi MSS p. 9, Pontybrai.11 OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant y Brane { added later} 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl.281 , Pant y Brain 1 8 1 6PR BetviSifan, Pant y Brain O S 1 834, Pant-y-brain OS 1 89 1 , Pant�y-brain OS 1 904, Gorwel OS 1 982 The

Blaen Pant y Braine

of 1 65 1 may refer to

Llainwen (7-a)

now rui.lled; see Llynhwyaid (6-a).

Pant-y-bwla -(SN 3 1 4-443) [pant + y + bwla] ;

111

or

Blaenel-vm (7-a),

or to another location

(7) IS-COED Tyr Pant y Bwla, Llaiil Rees Dew Ymlaen Pant y Bwla 1 6 1 7rent, Pant y Boole 1 650rent, Pant y Bwla 1 65 1 rent, Yrnb.ant y Bw!a 1 6 5 l rent, Pant y Booth 1 657 i.n 1 650rent, Pantybw!a 1 692 Ty-llwyd MSS , Pant y Culla 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd MS S, Pantabwla 1 80 8PR Troedrour, Pant-y-bwla OS 1 891 The term bwla is derived from ME .

bull(y)head

[GPC s.v.

bule 'bull' (GPC s.v. bwla] (cf. penbwl, penbwla 'tadpole', a calque on E. penbwl]), and meant 'gelded bull' [GPC s.v. bwla], or by J. J. Gl. Davies [1 934b: 250] as

" creadur rhvmg eidion a tl1arw. Cf GBG. 1. 1 40" , as well as a derivative meaP..ing "l\1ath o bren ysgwar pedwar \\yneb a ddefnyddid i hogi'r bladur. Dau wyneb oedd i'r

(JE). "

is most likely that it is the Allt=y-b1vla (4-a), Parc-y­ bwla (4-a), Nant-y-bwla (69-a). It seems that the term gwellt-y-bwla 'purple moor grass' (L. Molinia caen!lea) also contains this word (though J. J. Gl. Davies [ l934b: 250] distinguishes the realisation of bwla " (yr w yn ganolig)" to that of gwellt-y-bwla: "bwla (w fer, I hiT) yn gl1iellt y bwla (JE): crav,rcwellt. " ), as with penbwl, gl1le/lt-y-bwla seen1s to be a calque on the prefixed English bull- wrich seetr'..ingly refer to large or coarse varieties of plants or anit�als, e. g. bull-grass (L. Bromus mollis), bullrush, bullfrog, bullfinch, bulltrout. Pantdaniel - ( SN 292-475) [pant + pn. Daniel] ; [pant'anjel M Davies]

rhip

It

meaning 'gelded bull' that is contait'led in tl1is name and the following toponyms:

Tir Pant Daniel 1 683 Pengelli 1\1SS , Pontdaniel OOS 1 8 1 1 , PantdaPiel 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Pant Daniel O S 1 834, Pantaniel { added} 1 84 1 cens . , Pant-daniel OS 1 89 1

Pant-y-gwenith -(SN 3 03-454) [pant + y + gwenith] ; [pant�'gweme M . Davies] Pant y Gwenith 1 5 60 Nouadd �1S S, Pant y Gwenith 1 6 5 1 rent, Pantygwenith OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantygwenith 1 8 1 6PR Betwsifan, Pant-y-gwePith O S 1 89 1

Pantrodyn -(SN 3 1 0-455) [pant + y r + odyn]; [panb'r�dm M . Davies] Pant yr Odyn 1 642/43 Bronwydd MS S, Pont yr Odinn 1 65 1 rent, Pant yr Odyn 1 654 Lucas 1\IT-.S 3 3 1 1 , Pant yr Odyn 1 660 M Richardson :MS 1 6 1 , Panderoden 1 7 1 0 Bromvydd MS S , Pantyrodin 1 760map E.Bowen, Pant yr Odyn 1 787sur rnap, Pantrodyn 1 787PR Troedrour, Pant yr Odyn 1 803w.ap J. Singer, Pantyrodyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-yr-odyn O S 1 8 9 1

Pantronnen -(SN 3 1 3-449)[pant + y r + onnen] ; Tir Pant yr Ounen 1 6 1 7rent, Pant yr OP..nen 1 65 l rent, Pantyronen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-roP..nen 1 83 0PR Betwsifan, Pant-yr-onen OS 1 8 34, Pantyronen 1 83 3PR Betwsifan, Pant-yr-onen

OS 1 891

Pantseiri-fach -(SN 3 03 -483 ) [pant + y + seiri (+ bach)] ; Pantysyrie vach 1 7 1 8 Bronv.'Ydd MS S, Panty Seirifach als. Pantyseiri issa als. Corse Cadugan 1 748/49 Pengelli MS S , Pant Seiri fach 1 787sur map, Pantsirif fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantseiri fach 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Pant-surif-fach OS 1 834, Pantsairy fach 1 83 9TMS, Pant-seiri- ffich OS 1 89 1 See Cadwgan (8-a). Pantseiri-fawr -(SN 3 00-485)[pant + y + seiri (+ tr'.awr)] ; [pan(firi, it is really seri J. Lewis] Pant y Seiry 1 65 1 rent, Pantseiri 1 760CF, Pant Seiri fawr 1 787sur map, Pantsirif fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantseiri fawr 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Pant-surif O S 1 834, Pantsairy fawr 1 83 9TMS, Pant-seiri-fawr OS 1 89 1 , Pan Shiri 1 924 Cymru vol. 66 p . l 3 5 The earlier forms give

seiri

'carpenters' rather than

siryf

'sheriff', on the other lt.and

seiri

does not

regularly give the pronunciation Jiri, unless of course, the name was reanalysed as containing siryf, which according to the forms above happened, perhaps influenced by

Pantsiry (33�a). V./e have seen (sub Troedrhiwseiri, 7 3 -a) that in perhaps two other names in the county the element seiri has replaced an arcb.aic word seri wbich meant 'paved way', if seri was indeed the original element here, the paved way would probably be looked for on the site of the present road that lies between Glynharthen (8-a) and Pantseiri, where it crosses the valley of the river Dulais - note Corse Cadugan as an alias of both Pantseiri-fach, and nearby Cadwgan (8-a). A continuation of that road to the westwards crosses the Hirwern river at a place called Sam, from which the farms Pensamddu (7�a) get their name. Parcau -(SN 303-476) [parciau] ; Parkau 1 787sur w.ap, Parcau OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parcau 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Parke 1 8 1 8PR Troedrour, Parkau 1 823PR Betwsifan, Parkeu 1 828PR Betwsifan, Parca' O S 1 83 4, Parke 1 83 9TMS, Parcau OS 1 89 1

Parcllyn -(SN 295-476)[parc + y + llyn]; [park'bn J\1. Davies] (c) Parkau Llyn bach, Park y Llyn mawr cott. 1 787sur map, Parcyllyn OOS 1 8 l l , Parkllyn 1 8 1 1PR Penbryn, Parc-y-llyn O S 1 834, Parkyllyn 1 833PR BetwsifaP., Parkllyn 1 839TM-S , Pare-llyn O S 1 89 1 Probably named after the Old Pond (1 787sur map] shov.rn below the house. Parc-y-rhos -(SN 287-490)[parc + y + rhos] ;

1 12

(7) IS-COED Parkyrhose 1 839TMS, Parc-y-rhos 0Sc. 1 950, Parc-y-rhos O S 1 891 Penrallt-fach -(SN 3 1 5-442)[pen + yr + alit (+ bach)]; Penralit 1 83 0PR Betwsifan, Penrallt 1 83 9TMS, Pen-yr-allt-:fiich OS 1 891 , Pen•rallt-fach 1 91 1 J.C. Davies p.2 1 0 The -fach is in opposition to Penallt-hebog (7-a). Penallt-y-gwin -(SN 3 05-462)[pen + alit + y + gwin] ; Gallt y Gwirt.., Penn Gallt y GwLll 1 65 0rent, Pen Allt y GwLll 1 65 l rent, Pen..allt y Gwin 1 787sur map, Pengallt y Gwin 1 790PR Troedrour, Penyralltwen (sic) OOS 1 8 1 l , Penallty GwL11 1 828PR Troedrour, Pen-allt-y-wm OS 1 834, Penallt y Gwyn 1 837TMS, Pen-yr-allt-wen OS 1 89 1 , Pen-allt-y-gwin OS 1 904 The burden of gwin in this name is obscure, though as its site is 500m directly below Pant-y-bara I have tentatively hypothesised that the site of one supplied the bread, whilst the other supplied the \vine for Troedrour (10-a) church (the old parish in which they stood); cf Rhyd-y-gwin (52-a). Penallt-hebog -(SN 3 1 2-438)[pen + yr + alit + yr + hebog] ; Penyrallt OOS 1 8 l l , Pen•rallt Fag\vr 1 8 14PR Betwsifan, Pen•-rallt OS 1 834, Penyrallt als. Ffagurboeth (sic) 1 853 REvar1s MSS, Pen-allt-yr-hebog OS 1 891 , Pen•rallt-hebog 1 91 1 J. C.Davies p. 2 1 0, Penrallthebog OS 1 982 Thejag1vr in the form of 1 8 1 4 refers to nearby Fagwyrboeth (7-a); see Penrallt-fach (7-a). Penbanc -(SN 3 1 0-468)[pen + y + bane] ; [pen'bauk M. Thow..as] Penybank 1 71 8 Bromvydd MSS, Pen y Bank 1 73 4 Aberglasney MS 30, Penbanc (sic loc.), Pe.nrlt.iwrally OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penbank 1 823PR Troedrour, Penbanc 1 824PR Betwsifan, Pen-'banc OS 1 834, Pen y Bank 1 837TMS, Pen-y-banc O S 1 891 , Penbank 1 903 G.E.Evans p.27 1 , Penbanc 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 65 0/1 1 p. l 44 Penbanc-fach -(SN 3 1 4-466)[pen + y + bane (+ bach)] ; Pen-y-banc-bach OS 1891, i Benbanc-fac'P.., •neu• Benbancisaf •gynt• 1 967 CER vo1. 5 p.348 Penbanc Glandulais �(SN 3 l 1 �477)[pen + y + bane + tn. Glandulais (7�a)]; (cott) Penybank 1 784 M. Richardson MSS p.454, Penybank Glandules 1 8 1 2PR Betwsifan, Penybank 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Pen-y-banc O S 1 891 Penfedw -(SN 3 1 8-454)[pen + y + bedw]; [pen'vedu E. Thomas, J\1. Thomas] Pen y Fedv1 1 787sur map, Penvedw 1 78 8PR Troedrour, Penyfedw OOS 1 8 l l , Pen'fedw 1 8 1 6PR Troedrour, Pen-y-fedw 0 S l 834, Pantybedw 1 853 REvans MS S, Pen�y-fedw OS 1 891 Penffynnon -(SN 3 09-432)[pen + y + ffynnon] ; Penfmon 1 84 1 cens., Penfynnon 1 843TMS, Penffyno n n O S 1 982 Pengaer -(SN 290-49l )[pen + y + caer]; [pen'ga:r E. Jones] Pengaer 1 826PR Betwsifan, Pen-y-gaer OS 1 834, Pen-y-gaer OS 1 89 1 , Pengar 1 984 Gambo n. 14 Refers to Caer Pwntan (8-b). Pengraig -(SN 3 1 1 -455) [pen + y + craig] ; Pengraig 1 827PR BetwsifaP.., Penygraig 1 83 1 PR Troedrour, Pen-y-graig OS 1 89 1 Penlon -(SN 301 -447)[pen + y + Ion] ; PenJon 1 81 5PR Betwsifari, Penlone 1 83 0PR Betwsifan, Pen-lon OS 1 89 1 Penlon Betws -(SN 299-480) [pen + y + Ion + tn. Betws[ifan] (7-a)] ; Pen-lon-bethvs OS 1 89 1 , PeP1on Betws 0Sc. 1 95 0 Penlondywyll -(SN 303-458)[pen + y + lon + tywyll] ; [plo:n'dowd M. Davies] Pe11Jonedywyll 1 8 1 2 Nanteos fpl.28 1 , Pen Lond)l\.vyll 1 83 5PR Troe.drour, Pe11Jone Dowill 1 84l cens., Pen-lon-dywyll OS 1 891 Pensarnddu-fach -(SN 292-482)[pen + y + sam + du (+ bach) ] ; Pensamddu fack 1 8 1 OPR Penbryn, Pensamddu fach O O S 1 8 1 1 , Per�arnddu fach 1 81 6PR Betwsifar.., Pen­ sarn-ddu-fach 08 1 834, Pensarnddu fach 1 839TI..1S, Pen-sam-ddu-ffich O S 1 891 Pensamddu-fawr -(SN 292-486)[pen + y + sarn + du (+ mawr)] ; [pensar'm: E. Jones] Pen y Same Ddy 1 6 50rent, Pen y Sarn Ddu 1 65 lrent, Tir Pen Sam Dhu 1 6 5 l rent {v. l. M:.Richards} , Pensarnthy 1 7 1 8 Bronwydd MSS, Pensamddy 1 760CF, Pensamddu 1 809PR Penbryn, Pensarnddu fa\vr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-sam-ddu-fawr OS 1 83 4, Pen Sarne Ddu 1 83 8Tl\1S Penbr)m, Per�arnddu fawr 1 839T�1S, Pen-sarn-ddu=fawr OS 1 891 The present road crosses the upper stretches of the Hirwern river at Sam, from wbich Pensarnddu gets its name. 1 13

(7) IS-COED Pensarnddu-ucha -(SN 290-489)[pen + y + sarn + du (+ uchaf)]; Pen-sam-ddu-uchaf O S 1 834, Pensamddu ucll.af 1 839TMS, Pen-sarn-ddu-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Pentre -(SN 290-462)[pentref]; [� pentre M. Davies] Pentre ycr.a ?? 1 583 Cilg\V'jll I 1\1SS, Y Pentre ycha ?? 1 587 Cilgwyn I MSS, Pentrey issa ?? 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MSS, Pentre O S 1 89 1 A new house built o n the site o f a harrJet that was the oldest settlement before the development o f Bn-:l/a (4-a). Pil-bach-isa -(SN 308-476)[pil + bach (+ isaf)] ; Pil-bach-isaf OS 1 89 1 Pil-bach-ucha -(SN 306-476)[pi1 + bach (+ uchaf)] ; (c) Park Pil bach + cott. 1 787sur map, Parkpilbach 1 8 1 7PR Betwsifan, Pilpach 1 8 1 9PR Betwsifan, Pil­ bach O S 1 834, Pill bach 1 839TMS, Pil mawr (sic) 1 868 B.Williaw.s p.23 8, Pil-bach-uchaf 0S l 891 See sub Pfl-bach (1 8-a). Plas Troedrour -(SN 298-46 l )[plas + tn. Troedrour (10-a)]; Glan Llebyny 1 65 l rent, Pantreved als. Glanllevini 1 772 Ty-llwyd � 1SS, Pantrevy als. Glanllebyny 1 802 MRichardson MSS p.482, Trefdrawr 1 803map J. Si.P..ger, Troed yr Aur 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur, Troedyraur OOS 1 8 1 1 , Plas 1 827PR Betwsifan, Troed-yr-aur House OS 1 834, Troedyraur 1 837Th1S, Troedyravvr 1 837TMS, Glyn Llebin (L!ebain) 1 868 B.Williams p.269, Glynllebyng, 'that is now called' Troed yr Aur 1 869 B.Williams p.5, Troed-yr-aur House OS1 891 , Glunllebyng 1 903 G.E.Evans p.273, BlaePJlebu 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Plas Troedyraur OS 1 982 The Rev. Thomas Bowen, rector of Troedrour parish ( 1 793-1 842) lived here and was probably respoP.sible for the name Plas Troedrour [18 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur� 1 967 CER: 5 394]. In the wid eighteenth century it was Glynllebyng (sic for Glanllebyny) [ 1 869 B. Williams: 5] , the name *Llebyni or *Liebini (a definitive spel!i..1g 1 is unattainable due to the paucity of sources) seew.s to have been the original name of the stream that joined the river 1\lfedeni at Penallt-y-gwin (7-a); cf. Blaenpantrefi (4-a). Pwllpair k(SN 3 1 1 -479)[pwll + y + pair] ; [pol' pajr M. Thomas] Pwll y Pair 1 785 B!V\ ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 22, Pwll Pair cott. 1 787sur map, Pwll Pair 1 809PR Penbryn, Pwll­ y-pair OS 1 89 1 \VJ:lile Pwyllbair i n Hanes Taliesin is an identical name, it is - to my mind - unlikely to b e the same location [ 1 980 J. Wood: 56] ; cf. A1elin Llynpair (I}'\vyn, Mers.) [ 1 907 Ystyr.Enwau: 37, 1 32]. Sanjon -(SN 289-466)[E.tn. Sanjon]; Sanjon OS 1 982 SaPJon was the older spelli..11g of Sunch 'on (South Korea), but is likelier to be a composite of a husband and wife's name such as San[dra] + Jo[h]n. Sam -(SN 291 -483)[sarn] ; Sam OS 1 89 1 A ford nearby; see Pensarnddu (7-a). TAN-Y-GROES -(SN 285-493)[tan + y + croes] ; [tan�'g r:Jjs M Jen."'p E. Jones] Tan-y-groes OS 1 89 1 , Glasfryn (sign) The first building to carry tllis name appears to be the ch.apel b. 1 849-50, it was preceded by the P�mes Bwlchgroes (7-a) and Llaingroes (7-a). The council houses were built c. 1 950 [inf. H. Ll. Humphreys] . Comprising: 1 ) Brongaer (8-a), 2 ) Bwlch-y-groes, 3 ) Cae'rffynnno (8-a), 4) Capel Tan-y-groes (8-a), 5 ) Fron Villa, 6 ) Penrherber (8-a), 7) Porthcerryg (8-a), 8) TongV\)111 (5-a), 9) Cae'rffynon n (8-a), 1 0) Pemherber (8-a). Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 320-45 l ) [troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891 Ty'rardd -(SN 297-462)[ty + yr + gardd] ; Ty'r Ardd OS 1 982 The gardener's house at Plas Troedrour (7-a). Ty-cornel -(SN 286-487)[tY + comel] ; [ti'k:>rnel E. Jones] Tycornel OOS 1 81 1 , Tycornel 1 827PR Betwsifan, Ty-cornel OS 1 89 1 The well-known gardener Clay Jones was bo rn here. Ty'rmynydd -(SN 295-466)[ty + yr + mynydd]; [ti·r'mmi M Davies] Ty-y-mynydd OS 1 834, Ty'r-mynydd OS1 891 '

..

.

1 14

(7) IS-COED At near 1 70m

in

altitude, and not even on the top of the hill, the

mynydd may mean 'arable lands'

in this

instance (a meaning of mynydd that is well�attested in the area) . Trill> meaning came about because nearly all the uncultivated hilltops in the bottom of the county were called

mynydd at one time, and it is just as mynydd here refers to an uncultivated hilltop. It must be remembered that before the village developed at Biwla (7-a), there were not many places above this height in the immediate vicit1ity. Ty-newydd -(SN 3 03-471 )[tY + nevvydd]; likely that

Tynewydd 1 839Th1S, Ty-nevvydd OS 1 89 1

Villa -(SN 290-462)[E. villa] ; [VIla M Davies] Villa OS 1 982

\Vatchtower -(SN 299-470)[E. watch + tower] ; [w:>t.f'tow�r E. Jones] Watch-tower, o'r Disgwylfa 1 867 inscription in 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 90, Watch Tower Chapel (Calv. Meth.) OS 1 89 1 , Watch Tower c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.276, Watch Tower 1 954 W.Jones p. 1 4, The Watch Tower 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 1 90, 'was generally kno\vn as' Capel Jane \Valters 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 1 90, Capel OS 1 982, a'r \Vatchtower Built

in 1 865 by .Miss 1 969 CER: 6_ 1 72] ; "Mae

h"lf

J. Lewis

Jane \¥alters ( 1 792-1 8 8 1 ) of

Glanmedeni (7�a) [ 1 904 J. Evans: 357; 1 954 W. Jones: 14; yn Uflig heb ail iddo yn y sir. 1 . Boneddiges o'r lie a'i chododd ar ei thraul ei hun. 2. Yr un hon hefyd a'i gwaddolodd; " [ 1 904 l Evans] ; this nonconformist chapel also has the distinction of being the opJy one set in the gardens of a mansion, that of Glanmedeni. The name Watch­ tower was named after in anticipation of the coming of Jesus Christ, as is made clear h11 the inscription on the chapel "\Xlatch-Tower, O'r Disgwylfa Dyfodiad Crist, .!Mathew 25, 1 3 " [ 1 969 CER: 6. 1 90] ; denom. l\1:C. \Vennallt �(SN 3 1 3 �466)[y + gwen + allt]; [wenaH l\1. Thomas] y capel hwn

Wemtllt 08 1 89 1 , Y Wenallt 1 967 CER vol.5 p. 348 Built by B. Williams (bn.

G-wynionydd)

( 1 82 1 -91 ); though it seems attested as early as 1 836

[1 967 CER:

5.395] . \Vern -(SN 306�454)[y + gwem]; [ior'wern, wern'gadn:> 1\1. Davies] Tythyn y Wern 1 565/66 Nouadd MSS , Tir Wern 1 6 1 7rent, Tir Gwenkidnaw ?, Tir y Werne 1 650rent, Y Werne 1 65 1 rent, Wem OOS 1 8 1 1 , Wem OS 1 834, Tuythyny\vern 1 8 57 Beckingsale MS S p . l l 8 , Wem OS 1 89 1 , Wern Gadno 1 903 G.E. Evans p. l l 9,

\Vern

als. \X/ern-cadno 1 9 1 8 John Francis MS S vol.2

p.20 1 , \Vern C--adno OS 1 982 The

cadno

that appears suspiciously late

concerning another place-name

in

the name rr1ay just possibly be derived from documents

Wem. The Gwenkidnaw of 1 650 was associated with Trepibau(ii) (8-a) and Tre Bidew (unloc-). Ysgol Brongest -(SN 3 1 6-455) [ysgol + tn. Brongest (1 0-a)]; [�sk:l!,pen'vedu, now �k:ll'br:lggest M. H. Davies, ISk:>l'br:>IJgest M. Thomas] in

the local area, which was mistaken as the full name of

School OS 1 89 1 , Bronheulog Board School 1 904 J.Evans p.276, Ysgoldy Bronheulog 1 904 J.Evans p. 276, Ysgol Brongest 1 967 S . Gw. Davies, Brongest C.P. 1 967 WLS, Brongest CP School OS 1 982

geonyms Alltffyrndy -(SN 3 09-43 3)[allt + y + ffyrndy] ; Alit Ff\vrn-du OS 1 89 1

Allt-y-graig -(SN 3 1 4-432)[ allt + y + craig] ; Allt y Graig O S 1 89 1

Crug-mawr -(SN 289�466)[ crug + ma\-vr] ; !{rig Kalannog ??, Llain :Ksyg y Gist ?? 1 65 1 rent, Crug-tnawr OS 1 8 34, Crug ma\vr (site of), vases found A.D. 1 829 OS 1 89 1 The source for details o f the find was perhaps a newspaper report that was incorporated in S . Lewis's

Topographical Dictionary [1 982 CER: 9_272] .

It lies below recently built bungalows at present, but its site

was, at 1 83tn, about the highest spot in the vicinity, vf.th good views, both E and W. The forms of 1 65 1 are not necessarily to be identified with this place ( i.n fact one of them must refer to another site) : plural

kalannog as it stands is obscure, perhaps it is related to celain 'c-Orpse, carcass', whose calanedd, might allow a derivative *calanog; y gist points to a burial site (cf. Gistfaen, 59-a) with

which vases and such li._�e wight be expected.

Gaer -(SN 3 1 6-443) [y + caer] ; 1 15

(7) IS-COED Gaer OS 1 834, Y Gaer O S 1 891 " . . . fortified by a single bank and ditch, now almost entirely destroyed. " [ 1 994 J� L. Davies & A H . A Hogg: 244]. Parcgaer -(SN 294-474)[parc + y + caer] ; (park'a:r 1\A. Davies] Settlement OS 1 982

1 16

(8) IS-COED PENBRYN Aberbedw -(SN 340-499)[aber + h..11. Bedw] ; (ab�r'bedu J. Lewis, aber'bedu M Thornas] Tir Aberbedowe 1 650rent, Y Velin Ban ar Ffedw (prox. ) 1 65 1 rent, Aberbedw 1 787sur map, Aberbed\v 1 809PR PenbryT.., Aberbedv.r OOS 1 81 1 , A barbedw 1 8 1 3PR LlangyrJlo, Aber Bedw 1 65 l rent, Aberbedw 1 803rnap J. Si11ger, Aber-bedw OS 1 89 1 , (c) i�'"berbedw Bridge (SN 342-499) 1 978 CER vol. 8 p.338, Aberbedw Farm OS 1 982 Bridge b. l 872 ( 1978 CER: 8.338] . Aberdouddwr -(8N 3 3 1 -476)[aber + dau + d\�.rr]; [aber'd:lj�ur 0. Rees, r.-.1. Thomas] l1..berddandwr (sic loc.) 1 838TMS, Aber-deuddv.T OS 1 891 Abertrmnant -(SN 330-473)[aber + lm. Ffmnant(i)] ; [aber'fmant L. JeP.kirt.s, M. Thomas] Aber y FfynP.ant 1 6 5 1rent, Tyr Aber Ffmant, Tyr Blaen Ffinant (prox.) 1 739 l\1.F..ichardson MSS p.34 1 , Aberfft.T.ant 1 797PR Troedrour, Aber-ffil'.ant 081 834, Aberff)111ant 1 838Tl\18, Aber-ffmnant 08 1 89 1 , Aberffynant 1 924-26 CSRLS 8 Aberharthen-fawr -(SN 3 1 3-486)[aber + hn. Hart.hen (+ ro..awr)]; [aber'ar8en M. Thow..as] Aberarthen 1 684 Bronwydd r-ASS, Aberharthen vawr 1 734 Bronv-;ydd MSS, Aberarthen vawr >1 756 Bronv-.')'dd l\188, Aber"P..arthen fawr 1 760CF, Aberarthen 1 768 l\1.Ricb..ardson M8 1 81 , Aberarthen fa\\Tf 1 777 R Evans l'A8S, i\.berarthen fav.rr 1 787sur map, 1iberarthen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abararthen 1 875sur. lando v..ners p. 3, Aber�arthen OS 1 891 Cf Aberharthen-fach (10-a). Abernat!t-bychan -(SN 3 14-494)[aber + nant + bychan] ; [pla:s�'g!m, pla:s,glm'arOen J. Lewis] . dd l\1SS, Aber Ynant c. 1 569 Rep�1SS vo1. 1 pt. 2 'mar..sion house' Aber Nante bechan 1 564 Brom\y p. 895, Abernantbichan 1 580 Bronv.ydd l'ASS, Abernant bucl-..an 1 591 Nouadd J\1SS, Aber�'ltbyghan 1 601 Nouadd J\1S S, i\.ber Nant bychan 1 602 G. Owen vol. 4 p.462, Aber Nant bychan c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vo1. 1 p. 39, Aberbaughan (sic) 1 6 1 2/1 3 Nouadd MSS, Abbernonvaugb..an 1 6 1 3 Coedmor MS 6, Abem.ant-bygan 1 624-25 Gog. OS p. 7 1, Abernantbychan 1 650rent, Abernant bychan 1 65 l rent, Abenmntvaughan 1 760CF, Abernant buchan 1 760map E.Bmven, Abernant buchant 1 765map E.Bowen et al. , Abernant bychan Demesne 1 787sur map, Place 1 807PR Penbryn, Abernant bychan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.2 1 1 , Plasabemantbychan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Plas 1 8 12PR Penbrjr.., Plas Abemant-bychan OS 1 834, Plas Abernantbychan 1 83 1PR Penbryn, Abernant-bychan O S 1 89 1 , Plas 0Sc. l 950, 'known as' Plas als. Plasglynarthen als. Plas-y-glyn 1 969 CER vol.6 p. 1 52, Plas-Farm OS 1 982, Plas-y-glyn (sign) The original Abernant-bychan a little to the south-east of the present building [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 21 1 ]; present house b. 1 83 5 [ 1 979 CER: 8 . 376 ] . The fofll'...s containing vaughan ( 1 61 3, 1 760) rather than baughan are due to the influence of the surname Vaughan, v.rhich latter shows regular lenition. Ael=y=brjll -(SN 296-513){ael + y + bryn]; [ajl�' brm L. Jenkins] Aelybryn OS 1 982 b.bet. l 904-82 [OS1 904; OS1 982) . LA�tcorddau -(SN 308-498)[allt + y + corddau]; [alti)'k:lr5e L. Jenkir..s, J. Lewis, af.t'k:lr� r--.1. ThoiT'.as, a:it 1 93 9, a division of Pant=y-gronghvyd (8-a) [inf. M. Thomas] . Bronmor -(SN 278-5 1 3)[bron + y + mor]; [br:lm:lr, br:lnm:lr E . Jones] Bronmor Cottage OS 1 904, Bror>....:nor 1 906PR Penbryn The house of Anne Adaliza Puddicombe (tl 908) a celebrated novelist under her pseudonym Allen Raine [inf E. Jones] . Brynamlwg -(SN 296- 5 1 4)[ bryn + arPJwg] ; [brm'amlug L. Jenkins, H. lVI. Parry] Bryn OS 1 834, Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 83 STM:s]. Brynbedw -(SN 35 1 -5 06) [bryn + h..n. B edw] ; [brm'bedu L Jer1ki.11S, M. Thomas] Bryn-bedw OS 1 89 1 Bryncelyn -(SN 307-5 1 3)[bryn + celyn]; [hr·QIJ'kelm J . Lewis] Bryn-celyn OS 1 904 Bryndulais -(SN 3 1 9-471)[bryn + hn. Dulais]; Bryn-dulas OS 1 89 1 Bryneirin -(SN 3 1 2- 5 12)[bryn + eirin] ; [brm'ejrm J . Lev1is, H . l\1. Parry, !ujn'deri + bd3,brm'ejrm (prox.) H. M. Parry] Bryn-eiryn OS 1 891 , Bryn-eirin & Llwyn-deri OS 1 904 Bryneirin is a ruin now, after it went on flre [inf J. Lewis; H. M. Parry] . Bryneithin -(SN 296- 5 1 3 )[ bryn + yr + eithin] ; Bryneithin OS 1 982 b. bet. l 904�82 (OS1 904; OS1 982 J. Bryngwallter -(SN 297- 5 1 7 ) [bryn + pn. Gwallter]; [brm'gwaHer J. Lewis] Tir Bryn Gwalter 1 65 1 rent, Llain Bryn \Valter 1 786 ]\A.Fjchardson l\1SS p.460, Br.ap. O S 1 904, Chapel OS 1 982 b. l 849-50 [ 1 851Rel cens.: 495; 1 954 W. Jones: 12; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 156]; reb. l 8 82 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsft.tll-Tumer: 277; 1 954 W_ Jones : 1 2; 1 987 R J. Rawlins: 1 56) . Caste!lnadolig -(SN 298-501 )(castell + n. Nadolig]; [kastcl,na'd:lhg J. Le\\rts] ¥�stell Yn Dolig 1 571/72 Nouadd �.1SS, Castell Nadolig 1 650rent, Castell Nidolig 1 65 1 rent, Christmas Castle 1 65 8 J.Ray in 1 903 Cyrruru vol.24 p.82, Castell Yndolig 1 760map E.Bowen, Castle Natalig 1 760CF, Castell Nadolig 1 787sur map, Castell Nadolig 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.209, Castellndolig OOS 1 8 l l , Castell-ndolig OS 1 834, Castell-nadolig OS 1 89 1 Refers t o Castellnadolig (8-b). The pronunciation o f Nadolig tends t o be n�'d:lhg in south-\vestern \Vales, and never n\V. d;,lig (pace "dolig for P..adolig: conunon in spoken Welsh throughout \Vales" {c. l 900 NI_,W MS 2473-C: 1 3]). However, the spellings of Yn Dolig 1 571/72, Yndolig 1 760, and -ndolig 1 81 1 , 1 834, are likely to represent an earlier local pronunciation, to which we may compare £S'Qd;)·hg (Cei­ newJdd) ( 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies: 405] ; �n'd:lhg (Cwmcravmon, Llangynyd, Brees.) [ 1 959 WFM tape 185/a], and E.fll}'d:lhg (Bangor) [ 1913 \VVBD: 99]. This is said to have been so natned because it was built during the Christ1r.as holiday [ 1658 J. Ray in 1 903 Cymru: 24.82] . Hovvever, there was an OB.pn. Notolic [1 %4 L F1euriot: 42] , so that it is possible that Nadolig could represent an Old \Velsh personal-name. Caste!!pridd -(SN 295-497)[castell + pridd] ; (kastcl'pri:3 J. Lewis, E. Jones] Castell Pridd 1 787sur map, Castell Pridd 1 8031r.ap J. SiP_.ger, Castell Pridd 1 808PR PenbryP., Castell 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.208, Castell 1 809PR Penbryn, Castellpridd OOS 1 81 1 , Castell Prydd 1 838Th1S, Castell­ pridd OS 1 89 1 Refers to Castellpridd (8-b). Cefn-bach -(SN 325-498)[cefn (+ bach)]; [keven'ba:z 0. Rees, L. Jenkins, :rvL Thomas] Cefn-bach OS 1 89 1 Cefnceirw �(SN 325�498)[cefn + y + ceinv]; [keven'mowr 0. Rees, L . Jenkins, J\1 Thorr.as, keven'kejru 0 . Rees, L . JenkiP..s, (c) hro·s�'keven gipsies used t o stay here M Thomas] Cevenceirw 1 760CF, Cefen Ceirw 1 787sur map, Cefen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn OS 1 834, Cefuceirw 1 838TMS, Cefn-ceir..v OS1 89 1 , (c) CefenmO\vr + (c) Rhos Cefn-ceirw 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, (c) Cefn Moor 1 925PR Penbryn Cefngranod -(SN 3 04- 5 1 6)(cefn + garanod] ; (keven'gran�d L. JenkiP..s, ke-ven'gran-�d J. Lewis] Keven Granod 1 604 Cilgw)'11 I MSS, Keven Granods 1 634 Cilgwyn I MSS, Keyfen Graynog, Llyn G-:>...ranod (prox.) 1 65 l rent, Tythyn Llyn y Granod (prox.) 1 723 Croydon J\1SS, Tythyn Llun y Granod (prox.) 1 724 Croydon �ASS, Tyddyn Ll:y'll y C-ranod (prox.) 1 726 Croydon MSS, Cefengranod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cefn Granod 1 81 2PR Penbryn, Cefn-granod OS 1 834, Ce£t1 Ganod 1 83 8TMS, Cefu-granod OS 1 891 At one time I thought the second term was originally graenog (litW. graeanog), a thought sP.ared by someone i.11 the seventeenth century (see form of 1 65 1). The litany of forms with granod, as well as the uPJocated Llyngranod which stood nearby plead for a plural ofgaran 'crane'; cf Bryngranod (15-a). Cefn Llaethdre =(SN 299-496) [cefn + tn. Llaethdre]; [keven'iejtre J. Lewis, keven'lej9dre E. Jones] Keven Llaythere 1 650rent, Keven y Lethdre 1 6 5 l rent, Ceven Leithdre 1 760CF, Cefen Llaethdre 1 787sur 1r.ap, Cevenllaethdre 1 795PR Penbryn, Cevn Lletre 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 78, CefepJlaethdre OOS 1 81 1 , Cefnllaethdre 1 81 2PR Penb1)'11, Cefn-llaethdre O S 1 834, Cefu Llathdrey, Cefu Llathdre 1 83 8Tl\.1S, Cefu­ llaethdre OS 1 834 Cf Lhvynllaethdy (41 -a). Cefnwarin -(SN 3 05-490)[cefn + y + gwarin]; [keven'warm L. JenkiP..s] Turner: 278] ;

122

(8) IS-COED (c) Cefen y Warren, Park Warren isaf + uchaf (prox.) 1 787sur map, Cefn Warren 1 83 8TMS, Cefu-warren OS 1 89 1 Cerryg-Gwnda -(SN 332-470)[cerrig + pn. Gwyndaf]; [kerig 'onda M. Thomas] Cerigwnda OS 1 982 A new house (in£ M. Thomas ] Cilfachrodri -(SN 3 1 0-489)[cilfach + pn. Rhodri] ; [�'grlvax M Thomas, (c) be)o:n farm�'gdvaz M Thomas] Kilvach Rodin 1 65 l rent, Kilvach Roderick 1 739 M.Richardson MS S p.341 , Gilvach Rodrick als. Tyr Gilvach Rodry 1 785 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 22, Gilfach Yrodrick 1 784 Aberglasney MS 1 29, Gilvach 1 784 Aberglasney MS 1 3 0, Gilvach Rodrick 1 79 1 Aberglasney MS 1 30, Pont Roderic (sic loc.) 1 803map J. Singer, Gilfach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gil!ach 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Gilfach OS 1 834, Gilfach Rhodri 1 860 in 1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 3 64, Gilfach OS 1 89 1 Bedd Rhodri Gmv r was o n the talwm i n front o f the farm [ 1 967 CER: 5.364] ; c f Pontrodri (8-b). Cilrhiwau -(SN 327-521 ) [tn. Cilrhiwau (Manordeifi, Pembs.)J; [ krl h nwe, a.T'ait J. G. Jenkins] Cil-rhiw OS 1 904, Cilrhiw 1 904 J.Evans p.248 Cf Cilrhiwau (1 4-a). CipyU -(SN 3 1 2-508)[cipyll]; [k 1pd J. Lewis, H. M. Parry] Cipill l 809PR Penbryn, Same' (sic) OS 1 834, (c837) Cippil1 1 83 8TMS, Caepill als. Cipill 1 87 1 PR Penbryn, Cartrefle inf J. Lewis Cf Bryncipyll (38-a). Closglas -(SN 3 1 0-520)[clos + glas] ; [klo:s'gla:s J. Lewis] Knwck y Rhyglyn als. (sic) Close Glas 1 786 M.Richardson MSS p.460, Knwckyrhiglin als. (sic) Clesglass als. Close Glas 1 795 M.Richardson MS 1 99, Closglas 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Clos-glas OS 1 834, Closglas 1 83 8TMS See Cnwcrhyglyn (8-a). Clunadda -(SN 3 14-5 1 6)[clun + pn. Addaf] ; [klin'a6a J. Lewis] Hendre Atha ? 1 65 1 rent, Clynadda OOS 1 8 1 1 , Clun Adda OS 1 834, Clyn Addu, Clyn Adda 1 83 8TMS The informant heard the name often from his father [inf. J. Lewis ] . Clungarw -(SN 320-507)[clun + garw] ; (c) Clun Garw 1 787sur map, (cl022) Clyn Garreg (sic loc. ?) 1 83 8TMS, Clyn-garw OS 1 891 , Clyn-garw OS 1 904 Clunglas -(SN 300-520)[clun + glas] ; Pellain (sic?) 1 83 8TMS, Clyn-glas OS 1 89 1 C f Penllain (8-a). Clungwyn -(SN 324-483) [clun + gwyn]; [ khg g wm M. Thomas] Glyngwyn OS 1 982 b. > 1 94 5 [inf. M. Thomas] . Clunhir ( SN 3 35-5 1 0)[clun + hir]; Clin Hir, (c) Mynidd Clin Hir, Y Mynidd (SN 320-5 1 8) 1 787sur map, Clynhir OOS I 81 1 , Clinhir 1 838TMS A bungalow in Brynho.ffnant was named glm'hi:r after it [inf M. Thomas] . Clunmelyn -(SN 327-5 1 2)[clun + melyn]; [glm'melm L . Jenkins] Clawddmelen (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Clun-melyn OS 1 834, Clyn-melyn OS 1 891 Clunrour -(SN 307- 5 1 5)[clun + yr + aur]; [ghn'r�jr L. Jenkins, glm'rajr + ghnr:ljr'va:x (opp.) H. M. Parry] Clynyraur 1 8 1 2PR Penbryn, Clun-'r Aur OS 1 834, Glynraur 1 85 8 in 1 982 CER vo1. 9 p. 347, Glyn-yr-aur OS 1 89 1 , 'enw a gynhenir' Clun yr Our 1 896 Cymru vol. l l p. 1 5 1 Cnwc-y-bonet -(SN 328-484)[cnwc + y + bonet]; [dr�slojn L. Jenkins, dnslojn, knok�'b�net old name M. Thomas] Dryslwyn OS 1 904 Cnwc-y-fedwen -(SN 283 -507)[cnwc + y + bedwen] ; [ pen,knok;:}'vedwen M. Mathias] Knowk y Ffedwen 1 604 Cilgwyn I MSS, Tyr Knuck y Ffedwen 1 63 4 Cilgwyn I MSS, Knwck y Ffedwen 1 65 1 rent, Cnwc y Fedwen 1 787sur map, Cwmyfedwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cnwc-y-fedwen OS 1 834, Cnwc-y­ fedwen OS 1 891 Cnwcrhyglyn -(SN 309-524)[cnwc + y + ? ]; [knok'riglm inf, knuk�'rrglm J. Lewis] .

'

'

-

123

(8) IS-COED Kmvck y Rigli.11 1 65 1 rent, Knwck RP.iglyn 1 692/93 M.Richardson 1\.1S 1 65, ¥�wck y Rhyglyn 1 699/1700 MRichardson MS 1 67, K..11wch y Rhyglyn 1 768 MFichardson MS 1 8 1 , I(n.wckyrhiglin als. Clesglass als. (sic) Close Galas 1 795 M.Fichardson MS 1 99, Cnwc-yrhyglyn 1 808PR Penbryn, Cnwckyrhyglyn 1 8 1 1 PR Penbryn, Cnwc'rhyglyn 1 8 1 2PR Penbryn, Cnwc yr Hyglyn, Cnwc yr Higlin 1 838TMS, Cmvc-y­ rhuglyn OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc-y-rhyglyn OS 1 904, Cnwcyrhyglyn OS1 982, Cnwc 'fel yr adnabyddir hi'n lleol' inf J. Lewis If my ventured meanir..g of * rhyglyn as bei.11g derived from *rhigolyn is correct (see Aberrhyglyn, 2-a), I suggest that * rhigolyn refers to the hollow ilr.mediately NW of the site of the farm, that descends towards Penmoifa (8-a); see Closglas (8-a). Cnwc-yr-wyl! -(SN 308-484)[cnwc + yr + \Vyll] ; [knuk�'hroji 0. Rees] Knwck yr \Vilth 1 604 Cilgv."Jll I 1\1SS, K11uck yr Rull 1 634 Cilgv.yn I 1\.1SS, Knwcke yr Will 1 65 l rent, Cnwckyrhwyll l 824PR Betwsifan, Cnwc-y-rhv.yll OS 1 89 1 , Cnwc=y�rh,,.vyll OS1 982 The early forms show that the term was not rhwyll 'holed, gapped', but wyll 'ghost' or 'owl', most likely the former. J. Jones [ 1 908: 1 05] elaborated on w'P.at \vas termed yr wyll in Carnarvonshire: "Dywedir mai bod anweledig, ag sydd yn marchogaeth cefF;lau ieuainc yn y nos, ac yn eu g)'fU nes y byddont allan o vvynt, ac yn dyferu gan chwys ydyw hwn. I Rlnvyll y seinir yr 1vyll ar lafar gwlad, fel pe yn cym..'1.1eryd yr ystyr oddiwrth yr Wyll ag y mae y Beibl yn son am dano yn Esaiah xxxiv. 1 4, lie y proff\.•.ydir dinystr di.11asoedd gelynion yr Eglwys, ac y dywedir am eu halh"'lghyfanleoedd hwynt, 'Ac anifeiliaid, etc. , yr ellyll a ei!w ar ei gyfaill; yr "Wyll a orphwys yno, ac a gaiff orphwysdra yn.ddi. "' The term is also found in Tfr yr rf'yll l 68 1 (Llandde-w'i'rc-wm, Brees.), whose rent was to be given to the poor [ 1 833 S. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .508] . Coletsh-bach -(SN 326-484)[E. college (+ bach)] ; [k;,!ed3'ba:x L. Jenki..ttS, ko!ed3'ba:x, 0. Rees, k;,letJ'ba:x M. Thmr..as ] College-bach OS 1 89 1 Coletsh-mawr -(SN 324-484)[£. college (+ mawr)L [ k:>led3 m awr 0 . Rees, k:lletJ, k:lled3'mowr M . Thomas] College Greer.., College Gwyddin, Gv;yddin (prox. ), (c) Park College 1 799 REvans l\ASS, College 1 803map J. Singer, College 1 809PR Penbryr.., College OS 1 834, College-tna\\'f O S 1 891 Named after a school that was kept here by Rev. David Jones (t l 700), vicar of Llanbadarn-fawr (but a native of Penbryn), after he was ejected from his living during the Cow.monwealth [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall­ Turner: 1 37; 1 983 CER: 9.352) . Craig-y-don -(SN 308-54l )[craig + y + ton]; [krajgil'd :m L.A... Jones] Craig=y=don OS 1 904 b.bet. l 891 -1 904 [OS1891 ; 031904] . Croes-y-bryn -(SN 292-5 1 3)[ croes + y + bryn] ; Croes-y-bryn OS 1 904 TI>.is house, b.bet. l 891-1 904 [OS189l], was at the site of a crossroads. Cwm-bach -(SN 341 -507)[cwm + bachL Cvnn bach 1 787sur nmp Cwmbancau -(SN 283-509){ C\Nm + y + bancau] ; [kum'bauke l\1. 1\lf...at'Pias] Cwm-y-banc OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-bancau OS1 904, Brynberv.yn (sign) Brynbenvyn was b. 1 9 1 0, Cwmbancau's site in Brynberuyn's garden [inf M. :Matl1ias] ; the r..ame Benvyn doubtlessly inspired by the nearby h.11. Bern. Cwmbarre -(SN 3 5 1 -492)[c\:vm + lm. Barre]; [kum'bare L. Jenki..ttS, kum,bare'd3o·nz M Thofil.as] Cwm Barre 1 65 l rent, Cwm Barre 1 787PR Troedrour, 'cist-faen at' Cwm Barreu 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Pen Btynn, Cwm-bare O S 1 834, Cwm Barre 1 838TIAS, Cwm-barre c. 1 900 V/Fl\..1 MS 1 520/l , Cwmbarre Farm 0S l 982 Cwmbarre-siop -(SN 347-493)[tn. Cwmbarre (8-a) + E. shop]; [kmn,bare1:lP M Thomas, kum,bar:e1:lP I. T. Evans] Cwmbarry 1 83 8TMS, Cv.m-barre Cot+..age OS 1 89 1 , Cv.mbarre Shop c. 1 900 \VFJ\1[ l\AS 1 520/1 , Cwmbarre Siop c. l 925 WFM l\1S 1 650/1 8 Cwmbedw -(SN 347-503)[cwm + hn. Bedv•1]; [kum'bedu J\A. Thomas] Tir Cv.'lTI. Bedw 1 584 Nouadd l\1S S, Cwm Bedw 1 650rent, Cwmbedr 1 7 1 4 F. C. Winchester (Hove) l\1SS , Cv.mbedw 1 760CF, Cwmbedw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.m-bedw OS 1 89 1 Cwmbem -(SN 289-508)[cwm + hn . Bern]; [kom'bern L. Jenkins, J . Lewis] '

124

(8) IS-COED Kwm Bern 1 604 Cilgwyn

I MSS, Tyr Cumbern 1 634 Cilgwyn I MSS , Kwm Berne 1 65 1 rent, Cwm Bern

1 787sur map, Cwmbern 1 809PR Penbryn, Cwm Bern OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-beron (sic) OS 1 834, Cwmbern 1 83 8TMS, Cwm-bern OS 1 89 1

Cwmgwaednerth -(SN 343-484)(cwm + pn. Gwaednerth] ; [kum'k�jdnerth 0 . Rees, L. Jenkins, M . Thomas, pn. daj'kum M. Thomas] Gwaednerth ycha 1 58 6 Nouadd MSS, Cwm Gwaedverth issa, Cwm Gwadverth, Gwaedverth ycha 1 65 1 rent, Cwmgwaednerth 1 720PR Troedrour, Cwmcoednerth 1 760CF, Cwm Gwydnerth 1 77 1 PR Penbryn, Tyr Cwm Gwaednerth, Cwm Gwaednerth issa 1 773 MRichardson MS 1 84, Cwmgoednerth 1 783 M.Richardson

MS 1 92, Cwm Gwydnerth 1 787sur map, Cwmgwaednerth 1 788 Croydon MS S,

Cwmygoednerth 1 794PR Penbryn, Cwmcoednerth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm Coednerth 1 825PR Betwsifan, Cwm-coednarth O S 1 834, Cwmgoednerth 1 845PR Penbryn, Cwmwaldnerth als. Cwmgwoldnerth als. Cwmgaednerth als. Cwmgadreth 1 860 Aberglasney MS 1 3 6, Cwm-coed-nerth OS 1 89 1 , Cwm-coednerth O S 1 904, Cwmcoednoeth 'according to old government maps' 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p. 1 2 We must assume that the original

Cwmgwaednerth became pronounced *kum'gwednere, and that the kued or kwe:d the then local realisation of coed 'wood', and as a consequence the spelling was altered to -coednerth (this had occurred by 1 760); the forms of 1 78 3 and 1 794 show the intermediate form of this popular etymology: -goednerth. I said the then local realisation of coed, as this word is locally pronounced koed or k:')·jd since at least 1 900, though words such as oes 'yes' and ddoe 'yesterday' are pronounced we:s and dwe:, apparently being surviving forms of an older stratum of dialect. However, the past pronunciation of coed in the area may not be needed to explain the new form with coed, since we can postulate the dulling of the penultimate syllable preceding the consonant cluster [dn], giving rise to forms such as *kum'gw�dnere and even *kum'g�dnere. Supportive of the reduction [ -gwvd-] ---+ [ -gvd-] are the forms of 1 860, to which we can compare some forms of Lledwennau (61-a) , and perhaps Abecwmdolau (69-a), and Cilgynllau (21 -a). That the reduced sound [-k�d- I g �d - ] in place-names were reanalysed to coed (which would regularly reduce under the same circumstances to [-k:')d-] and even [-k�d-]) is amply demonstrated in the cases of a number of place-names: Cilgoed-fach (SN 20-36, Llanfihangel Penbedw, Pembs.), is derived from the form Gilgedfach 1 84 1 , which was originally Cilgadjarch [ 1992 PN Pembs: 382] ; for other examples see sub Blaencwmcedifor (1 4-a); J. Rhys noted the relevance of the form of 1 77 1 [ 1 896 Cymru: 1 1 . 1 52] ; cf Ystumgwaednerth (SH 77-2 1 , Llan:fuchreth, Mers.), noted Ystumgwadnaeth o n O S maps. Cwmllwydrew -(SN 3 32-498)[cwm + y + llwydrew] ; [kum'hdrew L. Jenkins, M. Thomas] Park Cwm Shon Michael 1 787sur map, Cwm Rholiad ? 1 79 1 PR Troedrour, Cwmllwydrew 1 824PR [ -gwed-]

segment was understood as

-

Betwsifan, Cwmllidriw, Cwmlleidrw 1 838TMS, Cwm-llwydrew O S 1 89 1

Cwm-mynach -(SN 3 39-507)[cwm + y + mynach] ; Cwmfynach 1 773-74 in 1 946 T. Beynon p. 1 70, Cwm Mynach cott,

(c) Alit Mynach ( S N 340-505) 1 787sur

map, Cwmynach OOS 1 8 1 1

Cwm Nan tceii (SN 294-5 1 2) [cwm + tn. Nantcell]; [kumnant'ke:l L. Jenkins, J. Lewis, H. M. Parry] -

Nant Kell 1 65 1 rent, Cwmnantcell 1 889PR Penbryn See Pencwarre (8-a). Cwmrhaffau -(SN 299-5 1 1 )[cwm + y + rhaffau]; [kum'hrafe L. Jenkins, J. Lewis, kum'arfe J. Lewis] Cwm RMff 1 787sur map, Cwmraffe OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-rhaffe O S 1 834, Cwmrhaffe 1 83 8 TMS , Cwm­ rhaffau O S 1 89 1

Cwmtwrch -(SN 327-48 1 )[cwm + twrch]; [kum'turx M . Thomas] Tythin Cwm Twrch 1 73 9 M. Richardson MSS p . 3 4 1 , (c) Park isaf Cwmtwrch, Park uchaf Cwmtwrch 1 787sur map, Cwm y Twrch 1 803map J. Singer, Lainhir OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwmtwrch 1 8 1 4PR Betwsifan, Cwm­ twrch OS 1 83 4

Cwmtywyii - ( SN 3 1 1 -505)[cwm + tywyll] ; [kum'towd, kum't�wd J . Lewis] Cwm-tywyll OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 787sur map] . Cwmrysgoi - ( SN 3 1 0-502)[cwm + yr + ysgol]; [kum'r�sk:')l J. Lewis] (c) Park Cwm yr Ysgol 1 787sur map, Cwmriscol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm yr Ysgol 1 8 1 3PR Betwsifan, Cwm­ ysgol OS 1 89 1

Deinoel -(SN 304-488)[pn. Deinioel] ; [dejn�l L . Jenkins, M . Thomas]

125

(8) IS-COED Ffynnon Ddeynwl 1 6 5 l rent, Brondeiniol l 769-70 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 68, Ddeiniol l 77 1-72 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 69, Ffynnon Doynol l 784 Aberglasney MS 1 29, Dinol l 799 REvaP.s MSS, Ffynnonddeinol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffynon-ddinol 1 825PR Llangoedmor, Ddeinol OS1 834, Ffynnon Ddein.ol, Ffynnon Ddinol 1 838TMS, Ffym1on-ddeiniol 08 1 891, Deinol-fach (prox.) c. l 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 , Ffy!mon-ddawnol (sic) 081 904, Deinol 0Sc. l 950, FfynJlOn Ddawnol (sic) 1 954 F. Jones p. 1 62, Y Deiniol l 972 Cardi vol. 9 p.7 Nearby lies (c) Park y Beddau [ 1787sur map] wr.ich - coupled with what may be the saint' s r.ame - may suggest a religious site; cf Llanddeinoel (51-a). Dermayfrey -(SN 332-498)[ ? ] ; Dermafrey O S 1 982 Built on Cwmllwydrew (8-a) lands following a divorce [inf J\1. Thomas]. Dolfedwen -(SN 283-5 08) [dol + y + bedwen] ; Dol-y-fedwen OS 1 904, Dolfedwen (sign) Doffynnon-isa -(SN 292-497)[dol + y + ffynnon (+ isaf)] ; [d�}Jm�n'iJa E. Jones, d�l'fm�n H. M. Parry] Dol Ffynnon 1 787sur map, Dolffynn on 1 809PR Penbryr� Ddol Ff.Jnnon ishaf 1 83 8Tl\1S, Dol-ffynnon-isaf O S 1 89 1 , Dol=ffjlllol n 0Sc. 1 950 Doffynnon-ucha -(SN 292-496)[dol + y + ffyrmon (+ uchaf)] ; [d:>!,fm:>n'iza E. Jones] Ddol F:fynnon uchaf 1 838TM..S, Dol-ffynnon-uchaf 0S l 89 1 , Bromvydd OS 1 982 Dringo-bryn -(SN 3 54-5 1 0)[dringo + bryn]; Dringo-bryn OS 1 982 An awful calque of E. hill + climb by what must have been people unacquai.."lted with gram.-·natical rules of composition in Welsh. Dwr!as -(SN 308-485) [ ? ] ; [dL.-q-las �A.Williarr1s] Dyffryn Dv.rrlas 1 840PR Penbryn, Dwrlas 1 872PR Penbryn, DvJr-las OS 1 89 1 , Dvvr-las O S 1 904, D\\Tlas 1 930 Nat.Eist. MSS {Llanelli: ref 2u} The lenition of glas after dWr is wholly irregular, a_rld though I thought at one ti.me that this may b.a.ve been a referenc-e to the Irish toponym Durlas (E. T.�urles, Co. Tipperary) [ 1 986 A Room: 1 20 ], the form of 1 840 seerr1s to IP.ake it a gro ssly rr.isformed popular etymology of the "P.r._ Du!ais (often found 'corrected' as Du!as in the nineteenth century) which forms the only valley in the i..'111e11 diate vicir.ity. Dyffrynbem �(SN 287-5 l l) [dyffryn + hn. Bern]; [dd'rm'bern N. Jones] Tir Herbert Jep�l(in in Dyffiyn Barr 1 63 1 CD 3 5, Dyffryn Bern 1 760CF, Dyffryn Bern 1 786 Ty-llv.;yd 1\tf..SS, Dyffri n Bum 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 79, Dyffryn Bern 1 809PR Penbryn, Dyffrynbem OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffryn Bern 1 8 1 9 Bromvydd J\1SS, Dyffryn-beron (sic) 0 8 1 834, Dyffryn Beren 1 867 AC p. 305, Dyffryn Bern O S 1 891 Dyffrynhowna..f!t -(SN 3 1 0- 5 1 4)[dyffryn + hn. Hownant] ; [drrrm H. M. Parry, d�frm'hownant J. Lewis, pla:s'ko: z the farm of Dyffryn..�ovmant J. Le\vis] Dyffryn Hoddnant 1 539 Nouadd J\1SS, Dyffryn Hofr.ant c. l 600 L.Dv.T.n vei l p. 55, Plas Dyffryn Hafnant 1 634 Cilgvvyn I J\1SS, Diffrynhwnant 1 803map J. Singer, Dyfiyn Hownant 1 808 S .R.Meyrick p. l 84, Dyffryn Hoffnant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyfryn-hwnant 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.332, Dyffryn-Hoffn.a.nt OS 1 904 Inexistent [OS1891 ] . " Safai [Plas Dyffrynhownant] yng nghornel isafParc y Berllan a'r afonig Hownant yn llifo o'i fl.aen, a roedd Pare Coch rhyngddo a'r ffordd, neu Benlon Goch ( canys dyna hen enw PePlon Rhydser) . " [ 1 933 :in 1 992 Llafar Gwlad: 3 7 . 1 1 ] ; Plascoch lower than Dyffrynhov.T.ant [inf. J. Lewis], behind Dyffrynhownant [inf. H. r:-.1. Parr;] ; 'the desirable valley' [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 332] . Dytfrynsaith -(SN 282-5 1 1 )[dyffryn + hn. Saith]; [d�frm'saje N. Jones] Di:ffryn Saith 1 65 1rent, Dyffryn Saith 1 760CF, Dyffrynsaith OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffiyn Saeth OS 1 834, Dyffryn Saeth OS 1 89 1 , Dyffryn Saith OS1 904 Efail Brithdir -(SN 340-476)[efail + tn. Brithdir (8-a)] ; [eve!'bri9dir, nov; glan'rav�n 0. Rees] Smithy OS 1 891 Efail Samau -(SN 3 1 2-508)[efail + tP� Sarmm (8-a)] ; [e·vel H. M Parry, �.hre:n'evel, now brm'awel J. Lewis] inf Efailwen -(SN 322=5 1 3) [efail + gvv'en]; Efail-wen OS 1 834, Efail-wen OS1 891 Eglwys Penloomoch -(SN 3 1 5-5 1 0)[eglwys + tn. Penlomnoch (8-b)]; [eglus,penlon'mo:z L. JeP.kiP.s, egluspe ,lo:n'mo:x �A. Thomas, sen'd3�nz L. Jenki..1JS, sejnt'd3:)fl, reglus H. �.1. Pany] 126

(8) IS�COED St. John's Church (chapel of ease) OS 1 89 1 , St. John's Mission Church 1 903 G.E. Jones p. 1 32, Ch OS1 982 Opened 1 899 [ 1 983 CER: 9.355 ] . Esgaireithin -(SN 284-504)[esgair + eithin]; [esker'ejem L. Jen.l.;:ins, resker J\1. M...at.Pias, he:n'esker + esker 'newi E. Jones] Eskiraytbin 1 760CF, Esgir Eithin, (c.s) Park Cwm yr Hendy, Blaen Cl.vtn yr Hendy (SN 287-501) 1 787sur w..ap, Esger Eithin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Esgair-eithi.11 OS 1 834, Esgir Eithi.11 1 838TMS, Esgair-eitbin OS1 891 Y Fedwen -(SN 320-470)[y + bedwen] ; Y Fedwen OS 1 982 Felin=ban -(SN 3 1 5-467)(y + melin-pan]; Tre y Velin Bann 1 650rent, Tucki.11g Mill, Tir y Felin Ban als. Old Tucking Mill 1 787sur rrmp, (cl l 76) Tir y Felin Ban 1 838TMS, Tir y Felin Ban 1 967 CER vol. 5 p. 3 8 1 Felin-ganoi -(SN 339-47l)[y + melin (+ canol)]; [ve!m'g an:l! L . Jenkins, J\1. Thomas] Melin \Vernan als. Y Velin ganol 1 574 Nouadd .l\1SS, Mellin Gwernan ? 165l rent, Velin ganol l 760CF, Felin ganol l 801PR Troedrour, Felinganol OOS 1 81 1 , Melin ganol 0S l 834, Felin ganol l 838TMS, Felin­ ganol OS 1 891 Ffoseinon -(SN 285-508)[ffos + pn. Einon]; [fo·s'ejn:ln J\1. J\1at.!:>ias, fpn. k..'!,fos'ejn:ln E. Jones] (c) Park Ffos Einon 1 787sur map, Ffos-einon OS 1 89 1 Existent [ 1 787sur map] . Ffynhonau-gleison -(SN 334-485)[ffynhonau + gleision] ; [fi'none L . Jenkins, M . Tho!!l.l!s, I. T . Evans, fi ,none'glejf:ln 0. Rees, fi,none'g!ejf:ln J\1. Thomas] Fronlas cott. 1 787sur map, Ff}rnnon Gleision 1 838TMS, Ffynnonau-gleision OS1 891 The fact tb..at the rmme is reduced to the referent means that the qualifier tends to take the more literary form gleision rather tb..an gleison. Ffynnonberw -(SN 321 -520)[ffynnon + y + benv]; [fd H . M Parry] Refel fach ? OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hafod fach 1 8 1 1PR Penbryn, Rb.afodfach 1 828PR Penbryn, Hafod-fach OS 1 834, Hafo d fach 1 83 8TM8, Hafod 08 1 89 1

Hendraws -(SN 3 23-477) [hen + trav.rs] ; [he:nldraws 0. Rees, hendraws M . Thomas] Hendraws 1 73 9 J\1. Richardson J\1SS p. 3 41 , Hendravv's 1 803tnap J. SL.'lger, Rendrws OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hendraws O S 1 834, Hendraws OS 1 89 1

Hendrmvs (47-a). Hendre -(8N 330-500) [hendrefJ ; [hendre M Thomas] Cf

Hendre OS 1 982 Originally part of Ffynnonfendigaid (8-a) [i."lf M. Thomas] . Heol-yr-efaii -( 8N 3 1 0-508)[heol + yr + efail] ; [he:)l��re·vel J. Lewis, tajlkownsd H. M Parry] in£ Heolgoeden - (SN 3 54- 5 1 0)[heol + y + coeden] ; Heol Coeden OS 1 982

Hyngri -(8N 3 34-498)[E. hungry] ; [ rJUri M. Thow.as, (c) hnw1rJUri M. Jones, M. Thonms] Hungry 1 83 8Th1S, Hungry Hall c. 1 900 '\VFl\1 J\1S 1 520/1 , Hungri 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, Hungri 1 926 \VFJ\.1 J\1S 1 650/1 6, (pn ) Deio'r Hungry 1 93 8 \VFM J\1S 1 65 0/1 1 , (c) R.ltivv' yr Hungry (prox.) 1 953 \VFM MS 1 650/ 1 2 p . l 2, Hungary Hall l 967 CER vol. 5 p. 3 62 A certain Ianto'r Sowdiwr, who was in the battle of Coru:i:l.a i.11 the Peninsular War, lived here [c.l 900 WB\1 MS 1 5 2011 ] ; credir fod deiliad y ty wedi dioddef ne\\'Yn rhy,.vbryd [ 1 95 3 WB\1 MS 1 650112: 12]; cf The Hungry Forties was a nicl.vs is related to peg>.vn 'beacon' one should note tl1at the road to Brynhoffnant (8-a) i.rnmediately N of Llain Villa goes over the highest point i.11 the immediate vicinity. Llainwen -(SN 279-495)[11ain + gwen] ; [iajn E. Jones] Llainwen 1 837Th1S Blaenporth, Llain 08 1 891 , Llain 08 1 904, Cartref OS1 982 L!anborth -(SN 296-521)(1lan + porth]; [4amb:lr9 L. Jenki.llS, J. Lewis] 'terre' Porth began 1 21 4 L'l 1 878 J.RDaniel-Tyssen pp. 73-75, Porth begham 1 447 in 1 878 J.R.Daniel­ Tyssen p. 78, Llanborth 1 574 ]\JL\V J\1S 291 2 p.3 5, Llanbor+.h issa + Llanborth ychan 1 65 1rent, Tythyn Llanborth ycha 1 723 Croydon MSS, Tythyn Llanborth ucha 1 723 Croydon MS S, Tyddyn Llanborth ucha 1 726 Croydon l'AS S, Llanporth 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Llangporth 1 760map E.Bowen et a!. , Lamborth 1 767rent p.240, Llamborth als. Llanborth als. Llongborth 1 81hcent. in Rep\VI\1SS vol. l pt. 2 p. 941 , Llongborth 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.21 1 , Llan-borth OS 1834, Llainborth 1 9 1 1 Beckingsale M�S p. 1 05 A hamlet ( 1 983 CER: 9.344]. T. EvaP...s [ 1 71 6 : 93] identified Llanborth with Llongborth of the old \Velsh poetry (Llogborth [c. l 250 BBC: 48-49] ), this was reinforced by that author's belief that the Geraint mentioned in the same poetry was commemorated in Perthgerent (8-a) some 6krn to the SSE. This is not now generally accepted, it being more usual to associate L!ongborth with Langport (Somerset) [ 1 978 R. Bromwich & R. B. Jones: 288] . That Llanborth could derive from a commo n-noun llongborth is, however, not wholly to be discounted, cf the common use in S cottish toponymy of the Scottish Gaelic c.ognate longphort [ 1 926 W. J. Watson: 493-95], nevertheless Llanborth makes perfect seP...s e as 'the haven of the '

131

(8) IS-COED church', in reference to nearby Penbryn church, and unless earlier forms are found contradicting the forms assembled here, this is the undoubte.d mewing of this toponym. S . R Meyrick's coPjecture that it meant !lawn ymborth 'full of nourishment' is to be discounted [ 1 808: 179) . Llannerchdeg -(SN 3 1 8-489)[1laP..nerch + teg] ; [lanarz'de:g 1\/!. Thornas] Llanerch-deg OS 1 89 1 L!echrochain -(SN 3 07-522)[llech + yr + ocb..ain]; [ie:x, J . Lewis, ie:x,�'r;,x,ajn L . Jenkins] Llech yr Ochan 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 79, Llechyrochai.11 1 809PR Penbryn, Llech'r-ochai.11 O S 1 834, Llech-yr-ochain O S 1 89 1 I strongly suspect ochain 'lamentation' t o be a popular rear.alysis o f ychen 'oxen', see sub Cwys-yr­ ychenbannog (33-b). The slab which gave its name to this place "was of considerable size and recumbent ­ probably now destroyed since 1 836" [ 1 860 AC: 6 1 ] . The house is not far from the site of Groenyn als. Carregsamson (8-b), and it is feasible tb..at both P..ames refer to the same stone. Llety-bwci -(SN 272- 5 1 3)[llety + yr + bwciL [leti 1\1. Jenkins] Llety Bwci OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lletty r Bwci O S 1 834, Lletty'r Burei 1 860 AC p. 6 1 , Lletty-y-b'vvci OS 1 89 1 , Llety OS 1 982 Llwyncelyn -(SN 3 1 5-484)[llwyn + celyn] ; Lhvyncelyn 1 8 1 OPR Penbryn, Lhvyn-celyn OS 1 89 1 Llwyneos -(SN 33 5-473)[1lwyn + eos ? ] ; [mjnj:ls I. T . Evans, iunj:ls, iun'i=>s l\1 . Thotr.as, iujn'bs L . JeiL�ins] Lloyn Eos 1 6 1 0 Cilg'vyn I MSS, LhA'Yn yr Eos, Llwyn Eos 1 65 1rent, Tyr Llwyn-yos 1 699 Cilgwyn I MSS , Lloyneos 1 72 1 Coedmor MS 5 1 8, Llwyneos 1 791PR Troedrour, Llwyneos 1 808PR Penbryn, Lhvyneos fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyn yr Eos 1 82 1PR Troedrour, Llwyn-eos O S 1 834, Lhvyn-yr-eos OS 1 89 1 , Lhvynyneos OS 1 982 Since the nightingale (W. eos) is well knm.vn to not !>.ave been a resident of the larger part of ,Vales [ 1 981 \V . Condiy: 1 2o-21 ; 1 892 H . O"ven: 1 . 149] , we are entitled to ask whether tris name in fact represents the term llwynfos (attested orJy once, unfortunately only in the suspect manuscripts of Iolo J\.1organwg: "Cyfarchwn \:vell i'r eos Hawn awen mewn llwyn1os. " [ GPC s.v. llwyn; GPC s.v. -os]). If *Llwynios was the original form of tbis place-name it \vould have been a sore temptation for some to understand bs as eos 'nightingale' (cf Dyfedeg hbl � heol, L:m � eo{j)n; "eos (or ios as it is called in the South East)" [ 1 892 H. Owen: 1 . 149]). A comparable term perthios (GPC s.v. -os] is also unfortunately orJy attested from a Iolo �1organwg manuscript, but agair1 it may prove to supply the original meaning of Pertheos (SH 71-51, Dolwyddelw., Caerns.), Partheosk [ 1 356 Rec.Caem. : 1 0] , which again - also for geographical reasons - seerns an unlikely candidate for containing eos. The tn. Gwauneos (SH 87-57, Gw)1heriJt, Denbs.) is a reanalysis of Gwenn Eneas [>1200 cart. il.berconwy: 144) . The spelling for an original is found in northern ':vales for Rhydlios (SJ 20-30, Llansilin, Denbs.), \vritten Rhydleos on maps [ 1 959 E. Davies: 145], Rlqydlios (SH 1 8-30, Aberdaron, Caems . ); it is a hypercorrection for the development of to , e.g. rheol £5'hrbl [ 1 91 3 WVBD: 463 ] . It may prove that the above names confi.rm the authenticity of iolo Morganwg's information, the orJy misgiving I reserve is that the addition of the uffix -os to a plural does not seem usua� though t.llls is exactly what has occurred v.rith the suffix -ag in the case of drysiog and mieriog 'brambly' (derived from an original drys and mwyar 'bramble'), wl>.ich contrast with the cognate Breton toponyrns Drezeg (Plougonven, F:inistere), and OB. Afoiaroc [ 1 975 B. Tanguy: 1 1 3, 1 1 5]). All other examples of Llwyn(r)eos in C.ardigar1sbire are relatively recent, the earliest attestation for two of them are 1 83 8 (1 4-a) and 1 839 (42-a). Other place-names with eos are also relatively recent, Pant-yr-eos (42-a), and Pertheos (25-a). Nanteos (64a) whilct not being so recent a P.ame is a romantic coining of the late seventeenth century. Llwyngwyn - (SN 3 1 7-489)[lhvyn + gwyn] ; [iujn'gwm M. Thomas] LhryngvJyn OS 1 982 b. > 1 93 9 [i.rrf. M. Thomas] . Llwynhelyg -(SN 3 0 1 -503)[ll\vyn + helyg] ; [brm'hehg ? J. Lewis] Llwyn-helyg OS 1 904 Llwynteg -(SN 3 5 1 -505)[1lwyn + teg]; [lujn'te:g M Thow..as] Lhvyn-teg OS 1 89 1 , Llwynteg OS 1 982 Llysgwyn -(SN 326-482)[llys + gwyn] ; [ii : s 'g wm J.\1. Thomas] Llys-gwf11 OS 1 982 Lowgat -(SN 301 -5 1 5)[E. low + gate]; [lowgat L. Jenkins]

132

(8) IS-COED Lowgate OOS 1 8 1 1 , Low Gate OS 1 89 1 , Lowgart 1 983 CER vo1. 9 p. 3 5 1 ,

Y Lowgart

1 992 Llafar Gwlad

n. 3 7 p. l l Lower gate to Dyffrynhownant (8-a) mansion on way to church [inf. L. Jenkins; J. Lewis] . Maesglas -(SN 3 03 - 5 1 9) [maes + glas] ; Llain y Maes Glas 1 690 NLW misc. M S S vol.4 p. 9, Maesglas 1 71 6 T.Evans p . 93 , Maes Glaes 1 760map E.Bowen, Maesglas 1 804 M.Richardson MS S p. 263, Masglas OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maes-gills O S 1 834, Maes Glas 1 83 8 TMS, Maes-gias OS 1 8 9 1 The explanation given by T. Evans [ 1716: 93 ] that this i s a reduction o f Maes y Lids o r (both referring to a bloody battle at nearby Llanborth, 8-a) can be safely discounted.

Maes Galanas

Maesgwyn -(SN 297-506)[maes + gwyn] ; Maesgwyn 1 809PR Troedrour, Maesgwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Maes-gwyn OS 1 89 1

Maesllwyn -(SN 286-496)[maes + y + llwyn] ; Maes-llWy-n OS 1 89 1 , Maesllwyn O S 1 982

Maes-y-morfa -(SN 3 09-532) [maes + y + morfa] ; Maes-y-Morfa O S 1 904 b. l 899 [inf.] .

Marlfo -(SN 3 1 5-485)[F.tn. Marfaux (Marne, France)] ; [ marfo J. Lewis, marf:l M. Thomas] Marffo OS 1 982 b. >1 93 9. Named thus because the son of the builder had died in France near Maifaux during the 1 9 1 4- 1 8 War [inf. M. Thomas ] . Melin Brithdir -(SN 3 4 1 -475)[melin + tn. Brithdir (8-a)] ; [velm'bn6dtr L. Jenkins, M. Thomas, M H. Davies, a 'velm M. H. Davies] Melin Brithdire 1 564 Bronwydd MSS, Mill 1 787sur map, Melin y Britheir 1 803map J. Singer, Brithdir Mill 1 80 8PR Penbryn, Felin Brithtir OOS 1 8 1 1 , Brithtir O S 1 834, Brithdir Mill (sic loc.) 1 83 8TMS, Brithdir, Com Mill OS 1 89 1 , Felin Brithdir 1 976 S . Gw.Davies p. 54

b. 1 786 [ sign] . Melin Llanborth -(SN 296-520)[melin + tn. Llanborth (8-a)] ; [vehn'lamb:lr6 L. Jenkins] Lamborth Mill 1 767rent p. 240, Corn Mill OS 1 89 1 , Melin Llanborth 1 983 Gambo n. 3 , (fpn. ) Nano'r Felin 1 983 CER vol.9 p . 3 49

Melinsaith -(SN 280-5 1 5) [melin + hn. Saith]; [velm'saje, now gwalja M. Mathias] Melyn Diflfin Sayth 1 604 Cilgwyn I MSS, Melin Aber Saith 1 65 1 rent, Felinfach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Felin 05 1 834, Felin Saith 1 83 8TMS, Felin Saeth (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Saith O S 1 904

MELINWNDA -(SN 328-469)[melin + pn.

Gwyndaf] ;

Mill at Pont Wnda 1 5 89 Nouadd MS S ,

Y

[velm'unda L.

Jenkins, M. Thomas]

Velindre 1 6 5 1 rent, Lower Mill

??

1 7 1 8 Bronwydd MSS ,

Tythin y Velindre als. Cappell Gwnda, Tythin D o l y Velin (prox.) 1 73 9 M Richardson M S S p.341 , Gwnda Mill 1 797PR Troedrour, Felincapelgwnda OOS 1 8 1 1 , Velingwnda 1 823PR Troedrour, Cappel Gwnda Mill 1 83 8TMS, Felin-Wnda, Corn Mill O S 1 89 1 , Felin Wnda 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p.42, Felin-wnda OS 1 982 Comprising: 1) Melinwnda, 2) Penbont (10-a), 3) Pengraig, 4) Rectory (1 0-a). Minffordd -(SN 277-500) [min + y + ffordd] ; [mmf:lr() E. Jones] Minyffordd 1 8 12PR Penbryn, Man:ffordd OS 1 89 1 , Min:ffordd OS 1 904

Morannedd -(SN 286-495) [mor + annedd] ; Morannedd OS 1 9 82

Morfa Cottage -(SN 3 03-528)[tn. Morfa (8-a) + E. cottage]; [m:lrva'gri:n J. Lewis] Morfa O S 1 89 1 , Morfa Cottage O S 1 904, Morfa Green (sign)

Morfa-ganol -(SN 3 06-529)[morfa (+ canol)] ; [m:lrva'gan�l L. Jenkins, J. Lewis, �m�r'vej() (coiL ) J. Lewis, o·r,m:lr'vej() (coil.) A. Jones] Y Morva 1 65 1 rent, Morfa Howell 1 66 1 Nouadd MSS, Tythyn Morva Howell 1 723 Croydon MSS , Tythyn Morfa Howell 1 724 Croydon MS S, Tyddyn Morva Howell 1 726 Croydon MS S, Morva 1 760CF, Morva Howell 1 769 " M Richardson MS 1 82, Morva-howell 1 795 R Evans MSS , Morfa 1 803 map J. Singer, Morfa ganol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Morfa 1 8 1 9 Croydon MS S, Morfa ganol O S 1 834, Morfa Howell 1 83 8TMS, Morfa 0Sc. 1 95 0, Morfa-canol OS 1 904

Sylvanus Howell(s) of Moifa-ganol [ 1 796 in 1 904 J. Evans: 265; 1 804 M. Richardson MSS: 263] ; pasturage [ 1 983 CER: 9.343 ] .

133

used to be rough

(8) IS-COED Morfa=g\lJ-'11 �(SN 302�5 1 8)[morfa + gwyn] ;

Morfa Gwyn (sign) Mmfa-isa -(SN 3 02-529)[morfa (+ isaf)] ; [m:Jrva'i:Ja L. Jenkins]

Tyr Pant y 1\1eirch als. �Aorva issa 1 786 1\1.Richardson MSS p.460, J\1orfa issa 1 808PR Penbryn, J\1orfa issa OOS 1 81 1 , Morfa-isa OS 1 834, J\1orfa ishaf 1 83 8TMS, Morfa-isaf O S 1 89 1 Morfa-ucha -(SN 308-5 3 l ) [morfa (+ uchaf)]; [m:lrva'i:x,a L . JenkiP.s] J\1orfa ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , l\1orfa-ucha OS 1 834, Morfa uchaf l 83 8TMS Morfa Villa -(SN 3 04- 5 1 9)[tn. 1\Aorfa (8-a) + E. villa]; [ m :lrv a vda L. Jenkins ] Morfa Villa OS 1 891 Mmwelir -(SN 286-496)[mor + gwelir]; l\.1orv•1elir OS 1 982 b. C. 1 968 [ inf. E. Jones] . Mountain Hall -(SN 302=51 l) [tn. l\1ountain Hall (SN 38-36, Llangeler, Carms.)]; [mawnten'ho:l L . Jenkins, mownten'ho:l J. Lewis] J\1ountai...'1 1 763-64 h'1 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 66, Mountai...'1 Hall OS 1 8 1 1 , �Aountain Hall 1 823PR Penbryn This appears to have been named after the Carmarther..shire mansion of�TI.1ountain Hall. Nantbreni -(SN 335-48l)[nant + y + brenin] ; [nant'breni L. Jenkins, nam'breni M. Thoro.as] Nant y Breni...fl 1 650rent, Nant y Brenny 1 760CF, Nantbrenni 1 798PR Troedrour, Nant Brermi 1 803map J. Singer, Nantybreni OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantybrenny 1 81 2PR Troedrour, Nantbreri 1 824PR Troedrour, NantbreiL'ly 1 828PR Troedrour, Nant-breni OS 1 834, Nant y Brenny 1 83 8Tl\.1S, Nant-y-brenPi OS 1 891 , Nantbrenni 0Sc. l 950 The form breni for brenin is due to the loss of fmal in an unstressed syllable, a development not uncommon in place-names. It was probably named because it ro.arked the limit (in all li...kelihood) between the !1 93 9 [inf. M. Thomas] ; cf Laburnum Hall (48-a). Trewylan -(SN 300-506)[tref + gwylan]; [tre: 'wilan L. Jenkins] Tre-W)rlan OS 1 904 b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [081 891 ; OSI 904]. Troedrhiw -(SN 298-523)[troed + y + rhiw] ; [tr:ljd'hnw L. Jenkins] Troedyrhiw 1 760CF, Troedyrl1iw 1 809PR Penbryn, Troedrl1iw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 834, Troed­ y-rhiw OS 1 8 9 1 , 'wl1ich for many years was known locally as' Plas Mr. Hughes 1 969 CER vol. 6 p. 243 Joh..11. Hughes, vicar of Penbryn from 1 823-69, lived at Troedrhiw [ 1 969 CER: 6.243]. Troedrhiw-fach -(SN 299-52l) [troed + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ; [pla:s'ba:z J. G. Jenk:i.�] Troed-y-rhiw-ffich OS 1 891, :ym Mhlas-bach ? 1 983 Gambo n.3, Plasbach ? 1 983 Gambo n. 7 Three acres [1 983 Gambo: 3] ; prox. Melin Llanborth (8-a) [ 1 983 Gambo: 7]. Ty'rallt -(SN 3 39-505)[ty + yr + alit] ; Ty'r Allt 1 787sur n1ap See Alltgoch (8-a). Ty-crwca -(SN 332- 5 1 4)[ty + crwca] ; [ti:'kruka 0. Rees] Ty-cnvca OS 1 891, Ty-crwcca OS 1 904 Ty-hen -(SN 290-5 1 9)[ty + hen]; [ti: 'he: n L. Jenkins, ti'he:n J. Lewis] Tyhen OOS 1 8 1 1, Ty-hen OS 1 834, Ty Hen 1 83 8Tl\1S, Ty-hen OS c. 1 950, Ty·hen Farm OS 1 982 Ty-hwnt -(SN 341 -476)[ty + hwnt] ; [ti'hunt M Thomas, M. H. Davies, pn. /aki,ti'hunt M. Thomas] Tyh,.vnt 1 809PR Penbryn, Tyh\xmt 1 926 Wfl\A MS 1 650/16, (pn.) Eben Tuhwnt 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 1 7 Above �lVfelin Brithdir (8-a) [c. l 925 WF1vf MS 1650/1 8] ; o n Brithdir land, 'hvmt i afon Ceri' [ 1 926 WFM }.1S 1 65011 6] ; behind .A1elin Brithdir [inf. M. Thomas]. Ty-newydd(i) -(SN 329-495)(Cefnc-einv)[tY + newydd}; [ti'newi, ti'nowi M. Thomas] Tyne\\l)'dd 1 83 8Tl\1S, Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 308-528)(Morfa-ganol)[ty + neW'jdd] ; Ty-newydd OS1 891 Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 3 1 4-505)(Sarnau)[ty + nev.;ydd] ; Ty-newydd 08 1 89 1 Ty-newydd(iv) -(SN 3 35-488)(Glasgoed)[tY + newydd]; [ti'newi{') I. T. Evans] .

..

1 43

(8) IS-COED Ty-nevvydd OS 1 891 Ty-newydd(v) -(SN 3 37-478)(Brithdir)[ty + ne,vydd] ; [ti : 'newi L. Jen..kins] Ty-nev;ydd O S 1 891 Ty-rhiwlyn -(SN c. 3 25-480)[tY + *rr.iwelyn ? ] ; [ti'hnwlm M. Thmr.as] 'yn lleol' Ty Rhywlyn, 'ond ei enw cywir yw' Blaenhendraws 1 989 Gambo n.66, Castanwydden inf. M. Thow.as Existent [Ccl267) 1 83 8TMS]. The term rhiwlyn appears to be a syncopated derivative in -yn of *rhiwel (cf *rhiglyn, sub Aber-rhyglyn, 2-a), in turn *rhiwel - an unattested term - may be derived from F. rue/ 'stream' [ 1 990 J.-Y. Le Moing: 435], a derivative of MF. Y'.J, L. riuus 'stream, ditch' [DHLF s.v. m] . The term rhiwlyn is found in the Cwmgwaun dialect of Pembrokeshire: "rhe1vlin = a tiny rivulet, a mere thread of a stream. A form of the word sometimes heard is rhiwelyn. " [1910 w. M. Morris : 245]. I am not aware of any such feature here, though cf nearby Fjjmnondudyr (8-a). Another possibility is that the name is *Tirhuwlyn, from E. sn Hewlin, a derivative of Hugh [DES: 230]; cf E.tP� Ruelwall (Cronwern, Pembs.) [ 1 992 PN Pembs : 487] , and Re11'ell (Sussex), Ruele 1 275, derived from F. ntelle 'track' [ 1 929 PN Sussex: 1 . 1 37] . Ty­ rhiwlyn's other r.ame refers to the fact tr.at it lay at the topmost end of Hendraws land (8-a) [ 1 838Th1S; 1 989 Gambo: 66 ] . Ty-rhyd -(SN 284-5lO)[tY + yr + rhyd] ; [ti'hri:d J . Lewis] T)rrhyd 1 800PR Penbryn, Ty-rhyd OS 1 89 1 Waun -(SN 3 4 1 -503)[y + gwaun] ; [ wejn l\1. Thomas] Waun.., (c) Y Waun (prox.) 1 787sur map, Waun 1 803map J. Singer, Waun 1 808PR Penbryn, Waun OOS 1 8l l , Cwm-bach O S 1 834, Waun 1 83 8TMS, Waun OS 1 89 1 Waun-fawr -(SN 321 -487)[y + gwaun + mav,rr] ; [ wejn ' vowr A Williams, M . Thomas] \Vayn fawT 1 777 REvans, \Veinfav.'f, \Veinfaur 1 799 R Evans MSS, \Vaun fawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , V/aun-fav.'f O S 1 834, \Vaun, \Vaun faur 1 83 8TMS, Waun-fawr OS 1 891 Part ofAberharthen-fawr (8-a) [ 1 777 R . Evans MSS] . Waunlwyd -(SN 3 09-527)[y + gwaun + llwyd] ; [wejn ' lujd J. G. Jenkins] \Vaun-1\\yd OS 1 89 1 Ysgol Glynharthen -(SN 308-485) [ysgol + tn. Glynharthen (8-a) ] ; Glynarthen C.P. 1 967 WLS, School OS 1 982 Ysgel Penmorfa -(SN (ii)304-5 1 8)[ysgol + tn. Penmorfa (8-a)] ; Ysgol y Groes (i) 1 894 J.Evans p. 93 , Ysgol Frytanaidd ym 1\1henmorfa (desc.) 1 898 Cyrnru vol. 1 4 p. 255, Penmorfa C.P. 1 967 \VLS, Sch OS 1 982, Ysgol Penmorfa 1 989 R Jones p. 1 92 i) SN 304-52 1 . pt. of old chapel of Penmorfa, a school in early nineteenth century [ 1 894 J. Evans: 93] ; by 1 858 was a permanent school at Pen..morfa chapel [1 983 CER: 9.354] . ii) SN 304-5 1 8. b. 1 877 as a Board School [1 983 Gambo: 8; 1 983 CER: 9.354] .

geonyms Alltdderw -(SN 359- 5 1 0)[allt + derw] ; Dan 'r Allt (prox. ) 1 806 in 1 793sur map, Allt Dderw OS 1 904 Alltddu -(SN 349-5 1 4)[allt + du] ; Allt Ddu 1 787sur map fl._Ht Gwaun-y-beili -(SN 356-504)[allt + tn Gwaun-y-beili}; Gallt 'Vaun y Baily 1 787sur w.ap i\.Jit Hownant -(SN 323-52l)[allt + hn Ho\vnant] ; [ait'ownant I. Reynolds] Gallt y Rhownant 1 787sur map, Hoffnant Hill OOS 1 8 1 1 , Allt Ho:ffnant OS 1 891 Bancpoeth -(SN 333-503)[banc + poeth]; Bank Poeth 1 787sur map Caer Pwntan -(SN 291 -493) [caer + tn. Pwntan (8-a)] ; [kware'puntan E. Jones] Castell y Cnvys 1 693 in c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 1 0 1 , Crug Bugailidd 1 787sur map, Penpwntan Quarry OOS 1 8 1 l , Castell P\vntan 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. l 76, Pwntan Quarry, Gaer OS 1 89 1 , Gaer 0 Sc. 1 95 0, o Gwarel P\vntan, o Fane y Pwntan 1 954 W. Jones p. l 5, Gaer Pwntan OS 1 982 Carreg-y-ddafad -(SN 275- 5 1 5)[carreg + y + dafad] ; [krajg�'l5avad �A. Mathias] Carreg y Ddafad 1 891 TS 02/01 /9 1 , Careg y Ddafad OS 1 904, Carregyddafad 0Sc. l 950 144

(8) IS-COED " This rock was, at one time joined to the mainland by a narrow ridge, over which the sheep used to walk the rock. " ( 1 89 1 TS 02/0l/91 ] ; a mine blew this rock up [ inf. M. Mathias] . Carreg Dol-y-fr.in -(SN 3 07- 54 l )[carreg + tn. Dol-y-fran] ; [kareg�'vra:n A Jones] Careg Dol-y-fran OS 1 834, [ ] ol-y-fran OS1 89 1 , Careg Dol-y-fran O S 1 904 Carreg-y-Huniau -(SN 289-5 1 3)[carreg + y + lluniaut (c) Pare Carreg y Lluniau 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 1 79, Inscribed Stone O S 1 982 "A tall standing stone, possibly a prehistoric monument . . . " ( 1 994 w. Gw. TI1omas: 4 1 4 ] ; the late fifth-century inscription reads Corbalengi lacit Ordovs [ 1 994 w. Gw. Thomas: 414] ; cf the sixth-century Voteporix stone is supposed to have formerly stood in a field named Pare Cerrig y Lluniau (SN 14-1 8, Casdyran, Pembs.) [H. James in 1 992 N. Edwards & A Lane: 94] ; cf (c) Carreg-llun-pen-dyn (Llanegryn & Llan:fihangel-y-Pennant, Mers.) [ 1 948 W. Davies: 2 1 8] ; see J. D. Walrond 'The 'Corbalengi' stone' in 1 960 CER vo1.4 pp. 60-66 & 1 994 J. L. Davies pp. 3 14-1 5 . Carregmorwynion -(SN 302-537)[ carreg + y + morynion] ; [karegm�r'onj;m J . Lewis, A Jones] Carreg Morynion 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 80, Carreg Morwynion 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vo1.2 p. 302, Graig Forwynion 1 924-26 CSRLS 57, Carreg y Morwynion c. 1 925 APLlangrannog p. 1 7 A long flat rock near Traeth-bach (8-b), on w end [c. l 925 APLlangrannog: 1 7] . It was named because usome girls, about a century back, going to bathe from it on a Sunday, and being drowned. " [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 80 ] ; these were 2 maids from Moifa-ucha (8-a) who drowned whilst sleeping on the rock [c. 1 925 APLlangrannog: 17]; monvnion y Moifeydd [inf. J. Lewis] . Because of the location ofthis rock it is a feasibility that monvynion here refers to 'mermaids' (W. moifonvyn). Carreg-y-nedwydd -(SN 298-534)[carreg + y + nodwydd] ; Carreg-y-nydwedd OS 1 834, Careg y Nydwydd OS 1 89 1 , Careg y Nedwydd OS 1 904, Carregynedwydd 0Sc. l 950 Carregsamson -(SN c. 303-521 )[carreg + pn. Samson]; [kareg'sams:ln, gr:ljnm (path name) J. Lewis] Groenyn 1 8 1 2PR Penbryn This was traditionally explained as having been a pebble extracted from the clog of a giant [191 1 J. c. Davies: 329] ; carreg fawr yn yr afon oedd yn poeni esgid Samson [inf J. Lewis]; a severed rock on the path between Penmoifa (8-a) and Llanborth (8-a) [:inf. G. w. Jones]; according to another local informant the stone stood on "top of the hill" , and J. C. Grooms [ 1 993 : 225 ] situates it at SN 3 06-521 which is near Llechrochain (8-a) which is likely to refer to the same stone as Carregsamson. The term graeenyn 'grain of sand, gravel' for a large boulder or stone is attested in at least six other instances in Welsh toponymy [ 1 993 J. C. Grooms: 96-98] . Carreg-y-trothwy -(SN 279-51 7)[carreg + y + trothwy]; Careg y Ddafad (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Careg y Trothwy O S 1 904, Carreg y Trothwy O S 1 982 Carreg-y- tY -(SN 290-537) [carreg + y + ty] ; [kareg�'ti: J. Lewis] Carregyty OOS 1 8 1 1 , Careg-y-ty O S 1 834, Carreg Ty I 85 lmap J.Imray, Careg y Ty OS 1 89 1 , Carreg-y-ty 0Sc. 1 95 0 CasteU · (SN 341-506)[castell]; (c) Park wrth gefen y gefu y Gaer (prox.) 1 787sur map, Castell OS 1 834, Castell (Intrenchment) O S 1 891 , Settlement O S 1 982 Castell-bach -(SN 301 -53 5)(castell (+ bach)]; Castell-bach OS 1 834, Castell-bach (site of) OS 1 89 1 Castellnadolig -(SN 298-503)[castell + pn. Nadolig]; Castell Nadolig 1 693 in c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 1 0 1 , Old Encampment 1 787sur map, Castel yn Doig 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p.9, Castell Nawdolig 1 860 AC p.59, Castell Nadolig (Encampment) OSI 891 "... British encampment. . . the embankments of which are broken up in several places and the area intersected by turf enclosures. The turnpike passes over its southern side. Another, but smaller encampment occurs close to the road whence is a view of the sea. " [ 1 8 1 3 G. Nicholson: 9] ; nadawl = 'tending to obstruct' [ 1 860 AC: 59 ] ; cf Castellnadolig (8-a). Castellpridd -(SN 295-496)[castell + pridd] ; Castell-pridd 1 808 S.R.Meyrick p.209 'tumulus', Castell Pridd (Tumulus) OS 1 89 1 , Castell Pridd 0Sc. l 95 0 A tumulus rather than a fort, n o trace left [ 1 991 A.ab Alun: 30); cf Castellpridd (8-a). Cefn Rhiwlwyd -(SN c. 33 8-476)[cefu + tn. Rhiwlwyd] ; 1 45

(8) IS-COED Cefn Rhuslwyd, Cefen Rhiw Lwyd, Park Pen Rhiw Lv.";d 1 787sur map, R..�iwlw•;d ? 1 8 1 8PR Betwsifan, R.hywlwyd ? 1 81 9PR Betwsifan Crug-bach -(SN 375-499)[crug + bach]; [kri:g'va:x 0. Rees, peiJkri·g ' ba:x M. Thomas] Crug-bach OS 1 834, Crybach 1 84 1 TMS Llandysulio Gogo, Crug bach (tumulus) OS1 89 1 , a Phen-crug­ bach 1 93 8 WFM �AS 1 650/l l p. 6 Half in Llandysulio Gogo; people went to gather llusau 'blueberries' here [inf M. Thomas]. Crugcou -(SN 307-505) [crug + cau]; Tythyn y Krug Koy 1 571172 Nouadd MSS, Cn1g Coy 1 808 S.RMeyrick p.209, Crug Coe OS 1 834, Crug Coe (Tumulus) OS 1 891 c,,rmlladron �(SN 294-522)[cwm + y + lladron] ; [kum'iadr;,n J. Lewis] Tir Rees Dd Thomas ar ben Pwll y Lladron (prox. ?) 1 65 1 sur, yn Gwm Lladron 1 983 Gambo n. 3 The wreck of the brig Caroline in 1 802, at adjacent Traethsaith (8-b), was attributed to fraud on the part of the master, and persons in Aberteifi [1966 CER: 5.275]. Smuggling of brandy was carried out at Aberceibwr (81-b) c. l 83 0 [ 1 864 H J. Vincent: 3 0 1 ]. Ffrwdmari -(SN 279-516)[ffrwd + f.pn. Mari]; [fru:d'mari �1. �1athias] Waterfall OS1 904, Cwt-y-gasegwen inf Named after a certain f. pn. lvfari r Gwalia (Tresaith) [inf. M. Mat.lrias ] . Gaerlwyd -(SN 301 -524)[y + caer + llwyd]; [peugar'lujd �.1. J\1atl>.ias] Pen-gaer-lwyd 1 924-26 CSRLS 53, Gaer Lwyd OS 1 982 Penrallt-fawr -(SN 283-5 1 6)[pen + yr + allt + w.a\vr]; [penraH'vowr M. MAthias] iP£ Pencros =(SN 3 29-497)[pen + y + eros]; (peu'kr;,s M Thorr,as] Y Groes ne,vydh ? 1 65 lrent, (c) Pen-croes-ne,vydd c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 8 The meaning o f eros is crossroads. The 1 651 form was situated in Gwestfa Blaenceri (e); cf Cros-:fach (4a), Cros-lan (1 3-a), Crosgwyn (22-a). Penfoelddu (SN 348-5 1 2)[pen + y + moel + du] ; [hro·s,lau'keri M Thmnas] Pen y Foel Du, Pant y Foel (prox. ), Park Pant y Foel (SN 343-5 1 7), Mynidd Blaenkerry (pt.) 1 787sur w.ap, Penfoelddu 008 1 8 1 1 , dros Ros Glanceri 1 906 J.J.Morgan p. l 3 1 , Penfoel-ddu 1 924-26 CSRLS 47 Penlonmoch -(SN 3 1 6-S IO)[pen + lon + y + moch] ; [i,benlon'mo:x; J. Lewis, skwa:r,pelo·n'mo:x H. M Parry] Pen lon-moch 081 89 1 When they drove pigs, they would meet here [inf J . Lewis ] . Penrhip -(SN 309-542)[pen + y + rhip] ; �lrip Poi...11t OS 1 89 1 , Pen �lrip OS 1 904 Pontrodri -(SN 3 1 5-467)[pont + pn. Rhodri]; Pont l\1elin Eynon ?? 1 65 l rent, Pont Roderic 1 803map J. Singer Pontrodri was named when the large stone that formed Bedd Rhodri Gmvr was removed from Cilfachrodri c. l 780 to make a bridge over the river Dulais. The stone was later removed to form gate­ posts at the new mansion of GlanmedeP.i [ 1 860 B. Williams in 1 967 CER: 5.364]; this is the great monolith wl>.ich in 1 903 was near Penbanc (7-a), which was removed with 'Druidical' stones at the end of the eighteenth century according to tradition [ 1 972 CER: 7. 43 ] ; "Och! ynfyd gwaith, Och! bechod mavn. I Oedd chwalu beddrod Rhodri Gawr. " [1860 B. Williams i..-·1 1 967 CER: 5.364] ; cf. Cilfachrodri (8-a). Pulputdafis -(SN 323-52 l )[pulput + sn. Dafis]; [prlprt'daviS J. G. Jenkins] .

'

" f mr.

A rock on the skyline of Alit Hownant (8·b). The form pulprt is also found in Cardigansh.ire \Velsh [(Llanafan) inf E. M. Lewis] . Sidandu -(SN 339-490)[sidan + du]; [Cc) parkfidan'di: M Thow.as] Sidan Dv 1 65 lrent, (c) Park Sidan Du 1 787sur map, (c) Cae Sl>.idandv'/ 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 4, (c) Pare Sidan Du 1 924-26 CSRLS 47, (c) Pare Sida-du 1 926 \VFM MS 1 650/1 6 The legendary Kaer Sidi in 'Preiddau A1mvvfn' (which would give MnW. Caersiddi), was borrowed from 01 side and was never widespread in Welsh tradition (1982 P. Sims-Williar-n s: 243-48]. Sion Cati -(SN 374-499)[pn. Sion Cati]; [fo:n'kati I. A Griffiths] Bane Crug bach 1 978 .l\.1. Jones p.42 A rough piece of land (pisyn ganv o dir), of three to four acres where an old bus that serves as home is often stationed [ inf I. A Griffiths ]. 146

(8) IS-COED Traeth-bach -(SN 300-53 5)[traeth + bach]; [tra:S'ba:x L. Jenkins, J. Levvris, ar,dra:S'ba:x J. Lew'. s] Traeth-bach OS 1 834, Traeth bach OS 1 89 1 , Traith bach 1 89 1 TS 02/0 1 /9 1 , Tra'th bach c. 1 925 APLlangrannog p. 1 6 Traeth Gaerhvyd -(SN 295-529)[traeth + t11. Gaerlwyd (8-b)]; [tra:S'garlujd J. Lew1.s, J. G. Jenkir...s] Tra'th Garlwyd 1 89 1 TS 02/01 /9 1 , E Trath-llwid (disg.) >1 953 in 1 992 C. Jones & D. Thorne p.47, Traeth Garlwyd 1 973 M.Davies p. 72, Traeth Gaerlwyd 1 983 Gambo n.3 Traeth Penbryn -(SN 292-525)[traeth + tn. Penbryn (8-a)] ; [tra:8'pembrm J. Lewis] Traeth Penbryn OS 1 834, Penbryn Sands 1 85 l map J.Imray, Penbryn Beach 1 983 CER vol. 9 p.349 Traethsaith -(SN 277- 5 1 6) [traeth + hn. Saith] ; Traetb.saith Beach 1 8 1 0 Cambrian 20/01/1 0, Traeth Saeth OS 1 89 1 , Traeth Saith O S 1904 The explanation of Traethsaith by T. Evans (1 740: 3 9] by an Irish word meani.11g 'shallow' is unlikely to be correct, more especially so as I P..ave not found the Irish word he alludes to ("P'.vy a ddeallai ystyr Traeth Saith, yn Sir Aberteifi, oni ddeall \Vyddelaeg hefyd? Canys ystyr y gair yw traeth bas. "). S. R J\.1eyrick [1808: 209] noted that \V. Owen r.ad conjectured it tr..ight r.ave derived from Traeth Seithennin. The name Traethsaith also inspired a local legend about seven daughters of a king whose ships were wrecked on the beach here, and were betrothed to seven local farmers [ 1 9 1 1 J. C. Davies: 327; 1 979 Llais Aeron: 25].

147

(9) IS-COED TROEDROlJR-UCif__A Aberbarre -(SN 343-490)[aber + hn. Barre] ; [b�r'bare 11. Thow.as] Aberbarre 1 787sur map, Aberbarre 1 799PR Troedrour, Aberbany OOS 1 81 1 , Aberbarre 1 837TMS, Aber-barre OS 1 89 1 , (c) i\ber-barre Bridge (SN 3 46-491 ) O S 1 904, (c) Pont Aberbarre 1 978 CER vol. 8 p.342 Bridge b. l 898 [ 1 978 CER: 8.342] . Blaenafon -(SN 3 7 1 -48 1 )[blaen + afon]; [bla:n'av�n M. Thomas] Nant y Kithell 1 65 l rent, Nantkithel 1 760CF, Nant y Cithel 1 768 l\1.Richardson l\1S 1 8 1 , Nantkithel 1 709PR Troedrour, Nantycithel als. Blaennantycithel als. Tyddyn y Beilybach als. Ti..ry Beily bach 1 772 Nantgwyllt MSS 2/272, Nantycithelfiich (prox. ) 1 794PR Troedrour, Blaenyafon OOS 1 8l l , Glonowon 1 8 1 7 Nantg\:vyllt MSS 2/274, BlaeP.avon 1 8 1 8PR Troedrour, Glanavon 1 822 Nantg\:vyllt MSS 2/276, Beily ? 1 829PR Troedrour, B!anavon 1 829 Nantgwyllt M�S 2/275, Blaenafon OS 1 834, Tythynbalibach als. Glanavon als. Blanafon 1 841 Nantgv."jllt MSS 2/28 1-82, Blaenafon OS 1 891 , (P'-'.11.) Afon Cythel 1 924-26 CSRLS 66 The identification of Nantcithel with Blaenafon is made in the document of 1 84 1 , v,�here Beili�bach als. Blaenafon is said to be 'now called Blaenafon, Bwlch, Ffosbeili, and Pentre'; the identification with Blaenofon is strengthened by t.he alias Blaennantycithel of 1 772. The name Blaenofon may refer to hn. Collen, but Nantcithel seems to suggest the possibility that Nantcithel als. Beili-bach may have been in the watershed of the river Cerdin, where Ffosbeili (9-a) lies. The -bach may be in opposition to Bei!i (1 4-a) about 2. 5km down the Cerdin valley (though another Beili-bach lies near Bei!i). The term cithel is obscure, but cf OC. kethel 'k..�ife' (OCV 8 1 9, 872). B!aenwaun -(SN 3 59-482)[blaen + y + gwaun]; [bla'wejn Rh. Thomas, bla·n'wejn I. T. Evans] Blaenywaun OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaemvaun c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 Breibwll -(SN 346-488) [blaidd + pwll] ; [bribui M Thomas, bri'bui (id.) 0. Rees] Bribwll OOS 1 81 1 , Brybwll 1 829PR Troedrour, Bribwll 1 837TM...S , Bribwll OS 1 89 1 , Bribwll 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 6 The old Bribwl! stood below the road [c. l 925 WFM r--.1s 1 650/18]. i\..s there are no forms older tha.11 l 8l l it i s difficult t o ascertai..11 what the initial element meant, though it i s tempting (like B. \Villiams [ 1 868: 1 40]) to derive it from pridd 'clay', for which cf Priddbwll (SJ 1 �26, Llansilin, Denbs.), pribol [i...'1f L. Davies], (c) Y Priddbwll (Bcrricw, Monts.) [ 1 59 1 Glanscvcm MSS: 5], and Avllpridd (55-a). However the problem with this explanation for Bribwll is that pridd in Priddbwll should not lenite. It is not beyond belief that Bribwll could represent a development from *Briwbwll, and could account for the similar sounding Brobwll (32-a). The adjective byrbwyll 'rash, impulsive, hasty' seen:1s a less li.�ely explanation, though one can compare (c) Pistyll Byrbwyll (Llanegryn, :Mers.) [ 1 948 W. Davies: 227] . Furthermore there are other examples of the name Bribwll (SN 28-4 1 , Cena.rfu, Canns. ; SN 20-29 Llanf)ruach, Pembs.), Brebwll (OS 1 834], now renamed Garthenor [OS1 982] (SN 43-39, Llanfiliangcl-ar-arfr.., Ca.-ms.). The Bribrvll in Llanfyrnach is attested as Bleyth Pwll c. 1 600, Bleyddbwl/ 1 659, Blaiddbwll 1 741 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 75] , Nant y Blibwll (Cihnaenlhvyd, Ca..rms.) [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 . 69] . The place written Blaiddbwll (SH 60-29, Harlecf..., Mers.) is found \vritten Breibwl/ 1 836 [Z/QRIEN/5 : 47 in J\1CRO] . The assorted forms above and the urlocated Bleibul (prox. Blaencwmcedifor, 1 4-a) [>1 265(1 324) cart. Tal-llycl1au (b): 163] show a fairly regular development of Bleiddbwll -* Bleibwll -+ Blibwll -* Bribwll. I do not know what to w.ake of this unclear local explanation "Ystyr yr enw yn amser Josi Lasows hen drigianyo o'r lle oedd Baibvvll. " [ 1 926 \XlB-..1 MS 1 65011 8]; cf Bwlch-y-bleiddbwll als. Winllan (76-a). Broniwan -(SN 349-475)[bron + pn. Iwan]; [br:m'IWan 0. Rees] Bron Iwan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fron Ywen OS 1 834, Bronuan 1 837TMS, Bron-iwan OS 1 89 1 S. M. Powell's connection [ 1 93 1 : 1 4] with Saint John (W. !fan, !wan) i s correct, and it was n o doubt connected with Capel Twrgwyn (9-a) als. Capelifan. B ryn arei -(SN 3 58-479)[bryn + arellaraul ?]; [brm'a·rel l'-.1. Thomas] Brynaraul OS 1 904, Brynarel OS 1 982 Brynaur -(SN 372-478)[bryn + aur] ; BryP.aur OS 1 982 Bryn-bychan -(SN 3 65-482)[bryn + tn. [Cv.'Ill- ]bychan (9-a)] ; [brm'b�zan I. A. Griffiths, M Thomas] Bryn-bychan O S 1 904

148

(9) IS-COED The house was built as a farm when Cwm-bychan (9-a) was split in two (inf Rh. Thomas], b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS 1 891 ; OS1 904) . Brynceirios -(SN 3 50-477)[bryn + ceirios] ; [brm'kejrj�s M. Thomas] Brynceirios OS 1 904 Bryneirion -(SN 3 58-484)[bryn + ? ]; [brm'ejrj;:m I. A Griffiths, M Thomas] Bryneirion OS 1 982 b. 1 920s [inf. Rh. Thomas] . Bwlch-yr-elmen -(8N 373-479)(bwlch + yr + elmen] ; [bulxa'relmen I. A Griffiths] Bwlchyrelmel OS 1 982 Bwlch-mawr -(SN 373-477)[bwlch (+ mawr)] ; [bulx'mowr I. A Griffiths] Bwlch 1 837TMS, Bwlch 1 84 1 Nantgwyllt MS8 2/281-82, Bwlch bach (prox. ) 1 978 M Jones p.22 Bwlch-yr-onnen -(8N 3 73-48 1 )[bwlch + yr + onnen] ; [bulxa'r::men I. A Griffiths] Bwlch-yr-onen OS1 891 Capel Twrgwyn -(8N 3 5 1 -476)[capel + tn. Twrgwyn (9-a)] ; [kapel,tur'gwm I. T. Evans] Capell levan 1 594 Nouadd MS S, Tir y Capell 1 650rent, Tyr Evan y Capel Evan c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Capel Evan, 'situate on a tenement called' Twrgwyn 1 752 MRichardson MS 1 79, Capel Twrgwyn 1 803map J. Singer, Capel Twrgwyne 1 808 8.RMeyrick p. 1 86, Capel Tyrgwynne 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 86, Capeltwrgwyn OOS I 8 1 1 , Capel TWt- Gwyn 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Capel TWt- Gwyn, Capel Twr Gwynn 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur, Capel-Twrgwyn OS 1 834, T\Vr Gw)rn 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vo1. 2 p.4 1 2, Capel Twr-gwyn (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 891 , Twrgwyn c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.277, i Dy Capel Twrgwyn 1 963 D.Davies & W. T.Hughes p. 25 This site was originally a chapel of the Established Church: "St. Johns Hold [qu. fold?] near a chapel called Capell levan" [ 1 594 Nouadd MSS]; anciently a sanctuary in the Church [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3.90] . According to an old legend, the part surrounding Twrgwyn was once a distinct parish only afterwards joined to Troedrour [ 1 902 WGaz. : 244], note the statement - otherwise unsubstantiated - of S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 1 86] that it, along with Capelgwnda (10-a), were chapels of ease to Llanddewi Brefi ("a chapel to the perpetual curacy of Llan Ddewi Brefi" [1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Capel TW! Gwyn], a chapel of ease [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270]). Doubts have been expressed in respect of the location of the old Capelifan since the original chapel was said to be on Twrgwyn land (9-a), whereas the present chapel is on Broniwan land (9-a) ( 1 938 WFM MS 1 65011 1 : 66] ; "Gelwir y lie yr adeiladwyd y capel arno 'Y Garnedd', yr hon oedd ar dir ffermdy Twrgwyn yn ol y berchenogaeth gynt, er mai ar dir Bron Iwan y mae yng nghof y rhai sydd yn awr yn fyw . . . Dywed traddodiad fod mynwent ar y Garnedd yn yr hen amser, a chapel Esgobaw� ond gellir profi na fu mynwent erioed lie mae y fynwent breseno� gan mai creigle o geryg nadd ydyw heb ei chyffwrdd erioed. Chware teg i draddodiad, gall fod hen fynwent ac eglwys bron yn ymyl y capel a'r fynwent sydd yn awr, er nad ydynt yn hollol ar yr un safle. Ond nid ydym i gredu oblegid y gair Carnedd fod yna chwalfa wedi bod, gan fod y gair yn cael ei arfer yn fynych am fane creigiog. " [ 1 904 J. Evans: 280--8 1 ] ; see Twrgwyn (9-a), The new chapel was b. 1 749-50 as a meeting house [c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 938 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 : 64; 1 983 D. Jenkins: 13]; ren. and enl. 1 778 [ 1 938 WFM MS 1 65011 1 : 66; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 64]; reb. l 8 1 6 [ c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall�Turner: 277; 1 938 WFM MS 1 65011 1 : 64; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 64]; enl. 1 846 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tmner: 277; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 164] ; That chappel or newly erected building called Capel Evan with land . . . is demised for ninety-nine years, is situate on a tenement called Twrgwyn [ 1 752 M. Richardson MS 1 79] ; "It is supposed that a Methodist's chapel is built on the site of Capel TWt- Gwynn, retaining still the name. " [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troed yr Aur]; denom. CM. Clawddmelyn -(8N 378-489)[clawdd + melyn] ; [klaw'melm I. A Griffiths] Tythyn y Klawdd Melyn 1 584 Nouadd MS S, Klawdh Melyn 1 65 1 rent, Clawdd Melyn 1 7 1 3 M Richardson M S 1 7 1 3, Clawddmelyn 1 793PR Troedrour, Pant Melyn 1 796PR Llandysu� Clawddmelyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantmelyn als. Clawmelyn 1 822 M.Richardson MS 208, Pantmelin 1 829PR Capel Cynon, Pant-melyn OS 1 834, Clawdd Melin 1 837TMS, Clawdd-melyn 081 891 Clun Is-coed -(8N 3 77-480)[ clun + tn. Is-coed (e)] ; [glm'Isk:Jjd 0. Rees, glmiS'k:Jed I. A Griffiths, ghs'k:Jed I. A. Griffiths, gbs'k:J·jd Rh. Thomas, gbs'ko:d Rh. Thomas] Klyn lskoed 1 65 1 rent, Clun Iscoed 1 760CF, Glyn Isgoed 1 803map J. Singer, Clyniscoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Clin Iscoed 1 824PR Llandysu� Glyniscoed 1 837TMS, Clyn-is-goed 08 1 89 1 , Clyn-is-goed 08 1 904, Glys'goed 1 978 M Jones p. 93, Glynisgoed 081 982

149

(9) IS-COED Here is an interesting name t"b.at com.'llemorates the boundary of Is-coed (e) with Gwynionydd (e), an exact equivalent can be found in Clun Cemais (SN 07-25, New Moat) which was on the boundmy of Cemais and Doug/eddy [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 42 9] . The sense of 'hill-spur' given to clun by B. G. Charles fits this place well, as it does Clun Cemais. Cribyn -(SN 350-473)[cribyn] ; Cribin Clottas, (c) \1/aun y Cribin (prox.) 1 787sur ll'.ap, Cribin 1 789PR Troedrour, Cribbin Clottas House 1 837Th1S, (fpn. ) }v'Iartha'r Cribin c. 1 900 \Vfl.1 MS 1 5 20/ 1 , Cribyn, (c) Fron Cribyn 1 926 \VR..1 I\.1S 1 650/1 6 Tbis does not seem to have been na.rned after Cribyn (25-a), for it is attested a few years earlier than the foundhflg of the Unitarian chapel at the former place, which \vould - conceivably - be the only reason to na..'lle it after such a 'distant' place; for a discussion of its meaning, see sub Cribyn (25-a). Cwmbarre-isa -(SN 3 5 1 -490)[c'>'tm + r..n. Barre (+ isaf)] ; [kom,bare'esek }Y1. Thomas, kom , bar:e ' iJa I. T. Evans] Cv.mbarre OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.rmbarre ishaf 1 837TMS, Cwm-barre-isaf OS 1 89 1 , C\x,mbarre Cottage OS 1 982 See Cwmbarre (8-a). Clvmbarre-ucha �(SN 3 55=489)[cwm + hn. Barre (+ uchaf)] ; [kmn,biir:e'Ix;a I. T. Evans, tujn'gla:s I\.1. Tholl'.as] C\vmbarre uchaf 1 837TMS, C\vm-barre-uchaf 08 1 89 1 , Cv.;mbarre-uchaf c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 5 20/1 , C\\lffibarre ucb.a' 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 6, Twynglas OS 1 982 Cwm-bychan -(SN 360-477)[c\\m + bychan] ; [kum'bi}x,an 1\1. Thomas, kumi�'ba:x (coli.?) I. it. Griffiths] Cwm bychan 1 71 4PR Troedrour, Cvvmbuchan 1 769PR Troedrour, Cv.mbuchan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.mbychan, Cwmbwch 1 837TMS, Cwm-bychan OS 1 891 , (pn. ) Bewi'r Cwm c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 Cwm-bychan c-omprised ti'mali, ti'newi and he·n,gom'b�x,an [inf R..h. Thomas] . Delfan -(SN 373-480)[del + man] ; Delfan OS 1 982 Ffatri Land ring -(SN 353-47 1 )[ffatri + tn. Landring (9-a)] ; Tucki.11g Mill OS 1 904, (c) Pare Felin Ban ? 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, Landri.flg 1 953 'VFM MS 1 65 0/12 p.3 0 b.bet. l 891-1 904 [OS1891 ; OS1904] . Ffosbeili -(SN 374- 478) [ ffos + tn. Beili[-bach] ]; [fo: s�'bejli 0. Rees, I. A. Griffiths, f:ls�'bejli I. T. Evans] Rhosybeyly 1 829PR Troedrour, Ffos-y-beili OS! 834, Ffos Bailey 1 837110.-8, Foesybailey 1 841 Nantg\X.yllt MSS 2/28 1-82, Ffos-y-beili OS 1 891 For Beili-bach see sub Blaenafon (9-a). Ffoslas -(SN 3 80-493)[ffos + glas]; [ f:l s ' la:s E. Williams, fo:s'la:s I. A. . Griffiths] Ffos-las OS 1 89 1 Ffynnongwragedd -(SN 362-488)[ffynnon + y + gwragedd] ; [fm:)n'wraget) I. T . Evans, fm:)n'gwraget) 0 . Rees] FfjiUlOn=y=g\vragedd 1 787sur map, Frynnon-gwragedd 0 8 1 83 4 , Ffynongwragedd 1 924-26 CSRLS 29, Ffynon Gwragedd 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/ 1 6 No remains [c. 1 900 WFJ\1 M S 1 520/1] ; many women came t o fetch water [ 1926 WFM M S 1 650/16]. Garregwen -(SN 3 73-476)[y + carreg + gwen] ; [gareg 'wen I. A. Griffiths] PO O S 1 982 Gerlan -(SN 346-490)[ger + glan] ; [gerlan M. Thomas] Gerlan OS 1 982 b. > 1 939 [inf :rvr. Thomas]; the \Vord ger 'by' is only found in composed P.ames of recent origin. However, this is not the case with Gerlan in Caemarfonshire, where there existed at least one :field-name Y Gerlan [1 928 W. J. Gnlfzydd: 250], and the village named Gerlan (SH 63-66, Bethesdn, Caerns.). Gilffet -(SN 374-484)[y + cilffet] ; [g dfet, i·r'gilfet I. A Griffiths] Gillfat OS 1 89 1 , C�Jphet 1 924-26 CSRLS 14, Y GilLtfet, 'or fhl!y' Gillfet Ffwt 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 , Gilffet 1 93 8 W'Th1 J\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 1 3 6, Gilffet > 1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 89, Giltfet 1 978 J\1. Jones p. 22 Three houses [ 1 938 \\'FM MS 1650/1 1 : 1 36], for an explar.ation of cilffet, see sub Llaincornicyll als. Llaingilffet (17-a). G!anaber -(SN 343-490)[glan + aber]; Glan-aber OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (0Sl891 ; 081904]. 150

(9) IS-COED Glancollen -(SN 347�474) [glan + hn. Collen] ; [glan'k=>kn 1-1. H. Davies] in£ Glanrhyd -(SN 3 8 1 -494) [ glan + y + rhyd] ; [glan'hri:d I. A.. Griffiths ] Glanrhyd OS 1 982 Gwarllwyn -(SN 3 5 1 -485)[gwar + y + llwyn]; [gwar'iujn M. Thow..as, M H. Davies, gw�r'iojn 0. Rees, g �r'lujn M Thomas] Gwarr y Lloyn 1 650rent, Gwar Llwyn 1 65 l rent, Gwarllwyn 1 7 1 3PR Troedrour, Gwar-y-11\\'Yll 1 787sur map, Gwaerlhvyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , \Varllwyn 1 824PR Troedrour, Gwair y Llwyn 1 837Th1S, Gwar-llvv"jll OS 1 89 1 , Gwarllv.;yn-fach (prox.) c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/1, Garll'N)'ll fach (prox.) c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8, Gwarlhvyn fach (prox. ) 1 926 WFM MS 1 65 0/1 6 Gwarllwyn-fach on Gwarllwyn farmyard [c . l 92 5 WFM MS 1 650/18] . Gwemddafydd -(SN 3 55-4 73) [ g\vern + pn. Dar;dd]; [gwar'3avifi �A. Thomas, gwern'davi (id.) 0. Rees, gwern'daVI� 0. Rees, I. i1... GriffiL�s] G\x1er Ddafydd 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Wem Ddafydd 1 83 3PR Troedrour, Gwemdda..fydd 1 837TMS, Gwem-da:P;dd OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Rolant Wernddafi 1 908 CyiP.ru vo1. 34 p. 1 80, (pn. ) Elis Gwer Dafy' 1 924 \VGaz. 1 7/04/24 Gwemydd -(SN 3 57-477) [gwemydd] ; [gwerm� M. Thomas] Gwernydd OS 1 982 Gwynlas -(SN 3 56-478)[tn. (T\'.lf]g\vyn (9-a) + tn. [Lan]las (9-a)] ; [gwm!as I. A. Griffiths] Gwyt'Jas OS 1 904, Ty Enoc a Shan 'in foundatim1s of Gv,rynlas c. 1 925 VlFM 1\1S 1 650/1 8 Existent [OS1 834]. Gwynnant -(SN 347-482) [g'vyn + nant] ; [gwmant 0. Rees, M. Thomas] Gwyr1nant O S 1 904, Siop Gv.'Ynant 1 963 D.Davies & \N.T.Hughes p.20 Gwyn. Villa -(SN 3 5 1 -477)[tn. [T•w]gv.;yn (9�a) + E. villa] ; [gwm'vda 1-1. Thomas] G'NYfl. Villa OS 1 89 1 Landring -(SN 3 52-472)[ ? J; [landrllJ 0. Rees, M. H . Davies, I . A . Griffiths] Langereng ? >1227( 1 308) cart. Slebech, Landring 1 788PR Troedrour, Landry 1 81 3PR LlangyrJlo, Landrin 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, Lan Dryn 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Lan-dri...-._.g OS 1 89 1 Especially if the medieval form i s accepte-d tbis name presents itself a s problematic if it must be interpreted by Welsh words, for neither llan, glan, nant, /lain, or blaen can satisfactorily account for the forms assembled above. To Welsh ears it does sound li�e 'up + cliJTib', and wf.ile it is situated at the bottom of a hill, this type of name is wholly unique, with an irregular constrttction - to which only late rm.m.es, and not very corr.mendable ones at that, can be compared, e.g. Landre (15�a), Dringo-bryn (8-a) ­ just to confirm, if need be, tr.at it is an unlikely toponymical element: "dring (drinc); dring a glyvvir, nid am dyle serth ond am y gwaith llafums i'w ddringo; tipyn o ddring = 'a good clL.'Tib'." (Clydacl:1, Glams.) {1937 BBCS : 8.321 ] . On balance of probabilities it would seem to be an English P..ame of some sort, from which two !i..11.es of enqui..n:J can be opened: 1 ) the frrst element is lang 'long' land, lang [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 791 ] , followed by the drang 'lane, narrow passage' (attested in Pembrokes:P..ire [EED s.v. drang; 1 992 PN Pembs: 769]), wllich had a varia..1'J.t dring (Wiltshire, Cornwall) [EED s.v. dr..ng] ; 2) that it represents some derivative of E. launder 'a gutter or channel for conveying ·water, a water-spout' [EDD s.v. launder] , borrowed into Welsh as lander 'water trough (L."l rnining)' [GPC s.v. lander] (the term laundry was pronounced landry in s o me dialects of English (OED s.v. laund..ry]) . Lanlas-isa -(SN 353-477)[y + glan + glas (+ isaf) ] ; (lan,la:s'i·Ja 0. Rees, I. A. Griffiths, lan'la:s 1\A. Thornas] Lan-las-isaf OS 1 891 Lan!as-ucha -(SN 3 57-480)[y + glan + glas (+ uchaf)] ; [lan,la:s'iza 0. Rees, I. A Griffiths, M Thomas, lan'lase (coil. ) 0. Rees] LaPJas 1 789PR Troedrour, Llm"Jas 1 804PR Troedrour, Lanlas 1 837TMS, L!an-las-uchaf O S 1 891 , Lan­ las c. 1 900 \VFl\.1 l\1S 1 65 0/ 1 6, (pn.) Jack Lan1as, Lanlas als. Ty John P'wel 'as it \vas knovvn' c. l 925 \VFI\1 1.1S 1 650/1 8, Lanlas 1 926 \VFM l\1S 1 650/1 6 Th..ree houses [i11..f. M. Thomas ] . Llaingroes -(SN 358-480)[llain + y + croes] ; [lajn 'gr �js 0. Rees] Llain y Groes 1 787sur map, Llainygroes 1 824PR Troedrour, Llain y Groes 1 83 7Th1S, Llan-groes OS 1 89 1 , Llaingroes c. 1 900 VlH-1 1\AS 1 520!1 , Llain-groes OS 1 904

151

(9) IS-COED Liwyncerdinen =(SN 348=485)[llwyn + lm. Cerdinen]; [iujnkar'dinen I. T. Evans, iujnker'di·nen 0. Rees, lujnker'dinen + travle M. Thomas] (cs) Park Lhvyn Cerdynen, Park y \Veirglodd, cott. 1 787sur map, Lh\')'llcerdinen 1 788PR Troedrour, Llwyn-gerdinen OS 1 834, Llv.')n-cerdinen OS 1 89 1 T o have the singular form o f a tree name following lhtyn i s unusual (cf Llwyndenven (3�a), a recent house); the lack of le11ition makes one think of a river-name which local tradition say it was (see sub h..n. Cerdinen); Trqfle was a house adjoi.ning Llwyncerdinen, E of it (i.nf M. Thomas]; the present Llwyncerdinen and Trafle \vere b. in 1 930s by Deio Evans, 11P [inf. Rh. Thomas]; see sub hn. Cerdinen for an explanation of Trafle. Llwyniv.ran �(SN 347-474)[11\vyn + tn. [Bmn]iwan (9-a)] ; [mjn'nvan M H. Davies] i.ttf Llwynsgwier -(SN 3 65-477)[llwyn + y + sgw1er] ; [iujn skwejer 0. Rees, I.s] Parcyrodyn OS 1 904, Parc'rodyn 1 978 M. Jones p. l OO b. bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS1 89 1 ; 0Sl904). Pencapel -(SN 3 56-477)[pen + y + cape!] ; [pen'kape! 0. Rees, pe1J'kapel J\1. Thomas] Pencapel l 8 1 7PR Troedrour, Pencappel l 825PR Troedrour, Peny Cappel l 828PR Troedrour, Pen-capel 08 1 89 1 , (f pn.) Martha Bencapel c. 1 925 \VFl\1 MS 1 650/1 8, Bencapel 1 926 \VFl\1 MS 1 650/1 6 Refers to old chapel of Twrgwyn

(9-a)? Pendre -(SN 372-477)[pen + y + tref] ; [pen'dre: I. A. Griffiths] Pentre 1 83 7Th1S, Pentro 1 84 1 Nantgv.'Yllt Y..AS S 2/2 8 1 - 82, Green Park, 'now' Pendre 1 978 Y..A. Jones p.43

Penffos -(SN 347�480)[tn. Pelh+fos als. Ty-tnawr (9-a)] ; [pen'fo:s 0. Rees, }.1. Jones, pentre,pen'fo:s l\1. Thomas] Pen-y-ffos O S 1 89 1 , Penfffi s c. 1 900 WFM J\If� 1 520/1 , Pen..-ffos c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner p. 1 54

b. bet. 1 837-91 , Ty-mawr (9-a) was the original Penffos; three houses i.11 a terrace (stryt) [inf M. Thomas] ; pentre in the past [inf :tvL Jones] . Penfoel �(SN 363-487)[pen + y + moel] ; [pen'v�jl M. Thomas, Rh . Thorr.as, pen'v�,jl Rh. Thomas, I . T . Evans]

a

Pen-y-foel O S 1 89 1 , o Benfoel c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8, Pen-foel 1 978 M.Jones p.22 Refers to Pengamwen (9-b) a!s. J\.1oel Hwilgam. Pengaer -(SN 3 60-489)[ pen + y + caer] ; [pen'gajr 0. Rees, peg'gaer I. A". Griffiths] Pen y Gaer 1 65 l rent, Pen y Gar c. l 700 E .Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Pen y Gar 1 787PR Troedrour, Penygar 1 792PR Troedrour, Penycaer OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penygare 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Pen-y-gaer OS 1 834, Pengar 1 83 6PR Troedrour, Pen y Gar 1 83 7TMS, Pen-y-gaer O S 1 89 1 , Pengar 1 926 WFM MS 1 65 0/ 1 6,

Penygar

1 93 8 WFM 1\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 1 3 8, Pengar 1 93 8 \VF1\1 1\1S 1 650/1 1 p. 5 Refers to Caerau (9-b). Pengogwydd �(SN 3 5 6-489)[pen + gogVv'Ydd] ; [(c) park,pen'g�goj� I. T. Evans] Park y Gog·t.Jvydd cott. , Pen-y-gog\vydd c.ott. 1 787sur tnap, Pen-gogwydd OS 1 834, Pengog\vydd 1 926 W'FM 1\1S 1 650/1 6 "Roedd y bv.rthyn cyntaf adeilad\vyd ar sail y tY h\vn a gog\\'Ydd yn ei ben fel dochdy eglv·fp,hrid'leWIS M H. Davies] 1 53

(9) IS-COED Siop Rhydlewis 1 905 E. Davies p. 1 5 5, Siop R..�ydlewis c. 1 925 'NFJ\1 J\1S 1 650/ 1 8, Bridge End Stores 1 963 D.Davies

i)

& W. T. Hughes fac. p.41 , Siop R�hyd Lewis 1 968 WFM M� 1 520/2 p. 1 , PO O S 1 982

SN 347-473. old shop [inf.] .

ii) S N 347-473.

Tanfoel -(SN 362-486)[tan + y + moel] ; [tan� v�jl 0. '

Rees,

tan v�jl I. '

T. Evar1s, I. A. Griffiths,

�A.

Thorrms]

Dan y Foel 1 787sur map, Tanyfoel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tan=y-foel O S 1 834, Dan y Foel 1 83 7Tiv1S, Tan=y-foel OS 1 89 1 Refers to

Tanglwyst

Pengarnwen

(9-b) als.

A4oel Hwilgam. [tagglust 0.

-(SN 3 5 1 -480)[fpn. Tangwystl] ;

Rees, M.H. Davies,

J\1.

Thomas, 1 934a J. J. Gl. Davies

p. 3 53 ] Eskair Tanghvyst 1 65 1 rent, Eskyr Tanglwst als. Esgyr Tanglws 1 760 Aberglasney M S 1 27, Tanglwst 1 760CF, Tanglwst 1 802PR Troedrour, Esgeir Tanglwst 1 803map J. Si.11ger, Tanglws 1 808PR Troedrour, Tanglws OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tanglws O S 1 834, Esger Tanglwst, Tanglwst 1 83 7TJ\1S, Tanglwst OS 1 89 1 , Esgair­ Tanglwst OS 1 904 This is the f pn.

Tangwystl,

cf OC.pn.

Tancwuestel, Tancwoystel

[wth_nthcent. Bodm.l'vfa:nu.] .

J"vf. Richards

[ l 965b: 3 9] stated: "Yr oedd yr enw Ti\NGWYSTT.._, ar arfer dros GylTh..-·u gyfan hyd at yr unfed ganrif ar

bymtheg, ond yn ystod y cyfuod

hwnnw collodd ei dir yn y Gogledd a dod yn arbetmig o gyffiedi.11 yn y

De, yn y ffurf TANGLW(Y)ST: " , however, the metathesis seen1s older, as I have an early attestation as

Tanglwysti!

esgair, Tanglwyst in speech even then; cf

from Caerwedros [ l 302-03rent: 5-6] . The lack of lePition of the persoP.al-name after

even in the earliest forms, lead us to thi..11...� that it was treated as simply

tn. Tanglwyst (SN 3 1 �34, Capeliv,ran., Canns.); Tanglwys (SJ 03-12, Llangadfa..'l, :t-.1cnts.). Tanglwyst-fach -(SN 3 5 0-484)[f.pn. Tangwystl (+ bach)] ; [taggklSt'va:x M. Thomas, tagglus'va:x I. T. Evans] Tanglwst fach 1 760 Aberglasney MS 1 27, Tanglwst-ffich OS 1 89 1 , Tanglvvst fach c. l 900 WFM M..S 1 520/1

Tremle -(SN 3 74-479)[trem + lle] ; Trernle OS 1 982 -(SN 3 50-479)[n'Vr + gW';n] ;

Twrgwyn

[tu·r'gwm M

Thomas,

tur'gwm M Jones]

T\vrgv-.l)'n 1 75 2 M Richardson MS 1 79, Twrgwyn 1 760map E.Bowen, Tv-.lfgwynn 1 760CF, o'r Tv-.lfgv.,l)rn 1 790 Rep.\VMSS vol. l p. 62, Twrgwin 1 80 1 PR Troedrour, T\'"Tgwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tvn--gwyn OS 1 89 1 , T\Vr-gv."f11 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p . 5 8

pentre formerly (inf. M Jone-S] . It seems that the name may b e connected with the ancient cb.apel of Capelifan which \:vas on its land, the other Twrgwyn (41 -a) in the c.ounty, on Mynydd-bach at Nantgwnllau also b.ad some traditions of a former church in the vicinity. It must be remembered tb.at churches in the

A

:l\1iddle Ages were regularly whitevJashed and so were more obvious than in our own time. It could be that the element is

i..'l. fact nvr(r) 'heap', referring to a heap of quartzite stones, but the element tl1'r(r) is as

conspicuously absent in the toponymy of the county, as it is in its language for the meani..'lg 'heap', the

elements in use are: crugyn, earn,

Ty-llwyd

-(SN 379-49 1 ) [ty

caifan. + lhx.yd] ; [ ti iujd !. A. Griffiths] '

Ty Lh\l)'d 1 769PR Troedrour, Ty-llwyd O S 1 904, Ty Llwyd OS 1 982 Inexistent [OS1 891 ] .

Ty-mawr -(SN 346-480)[ty + mawr] ; [ti'mowr M Thomas] Penyffor 1 787PR Troedrour, Penyfffi s 1 789PR Troedrour,

Penyffo es 1 793PR Troedrour, Penyfoes

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penyffos 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Pen-y-fffis OS 1 834, Ty-IP.av-.T OS 1 89 1 , Tyw.av-.lf 1 963 D.Davies

& V.I. T .Hughes p . l 0 b. 1 774 [ 1 96 3 D. Davies & W.

Ty'rysgol

T. Hughes: 10]; see Penffos (9-a). -(SN 347-487)[ty + yr + ysgol] ; [ti:r'�sk�l 0. Rees]

Rose Cottage OS 1 89 1

Ysgo! Cape!cynon

-(SN 3 79-489)[ysgol + tn. Capelcynon

Capel Cynon Schoolbuildings 1 878

in

(1 8-a)] ;

1 978 M Jones p . 3 2, Capel Cynon School 1 88 5

in

1 978 l\..1. Jones

p. 3 3 , S chool OS 1 89 1 , Ysgol Clawddmelyn 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/33 , Ysgol Pant-y-g!ach 'after the name of an old cottage nearby; at other times it was

knml\1!1 as' Ysgol Claw' Melyn 'the P.aw.e of a nearby farm, but

today it is referred to as' Ysgol Capel Cynon 'and tP.at, it would seem, was the official name from the beginning: the name of the village and of the church' >1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 34, Capel Cynon C.P. 1 967 \\TLS , School OS 1 982

154

(9) IS-COED Ysgol Penlonfaitl =(SN 347=487) [ysgol + tn. Penlonfai..'1] ; [Isk:ll,iujnkar'dinen, Isk;:,l,penlon'vajn M. H. Davies, ISk;)l,pen,!o-n'vajn M Thomas] Ysgol Rhydlewis 1 93 8 WFM �1S 1 650/ 1 1 p. 1 3 8, Ysgol Penlon-fain 1 968 \VFJ\1 MS 1 520/2 p. 1 5, Rhydlewis C.P. 1 967 \VLS, Ysgol Penlon-fain 1 976 S . Gw.Davies p.39, i Benlon-fain 1 976 S . Gv.r.Davies p.24, County Prirnar:J School OS 1 982 b. 1 87 1 , on Gwarllwyn land (9-a) (1953 WFM M:s 1 650112: 79]; op. l 877 [1987 CER: 10.433] ; replaced Ysgo! Niwgat (1 3-a); Lon Fain 'a narrow road, prox. Pengaer' [ 1 93 8 WFM MS 165011 1 : 1 37-38], �.lo:n'vajn (inf. I. T. Evans] . geonyms

Caerau -(SN 360-494)[caerau] ; Pen y Gar c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.90, Caerau OS 1 834, Caerau OS 1 89 1 , (c) C\vm-caerau (prox.) c. 1 900 \VFM �AS 1 520/1 , Caerau, (c) Cwm Caerau (prox.) c. 1 925 \XJNA }.1S 1 650/ 1 8, Cwmceire 1 926 \VHA MS 1 650/ 1 6 Ffynnonwen -(SN 3 57-486) [ffynnon + gwen] ; FfYnnon Wen 1 787sur map, Ffynnonwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Spr O S 1 982 Pengamwen -(SN 373-493) [pen + y + earn + gwen]; Ros (anciently Moel) \Vylgain c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.90, Rhos y '.Vilgam OOS 1 8 1 1 , Garn-v.ren O S 1 834, Carn=wen O S 1 89 1 , ar Ros Clawdd=melyn c. 1 900 \Vf}.1 �1S 1 520/1 , Pen Garn=wen O S 1 904, ar Fane Clawdd Melyn 1 9 1 2 Cyrr1ru vol.43 p. 1 82, Pengarnwen 1 924-26 CSRLS 29, Bane Claw' Melyn >1 945 T.J.Thow.as p. l 9, FJ1os Pengaer (prox.) 1 968 WFM MS 1 520/2 p. l , Cai.rn OS 1 982 Pwll-y-gored -(SN 344-478)[pwll + y + cored]; [gored ( desc.) M. Thmr.as] Gwernekored (prox.) 1 542 Nouadd �ASS, Gwemykoreid 1 542 Nouadd MSS {v. l. 1 979 CER vol. 9 p. 3 79 } , ym Mhwll y Gored 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p. 1 5 The term c.ored referred to the weir that fed the leat to Melin Brithdir (8-a) [inf. M. Thomas]; I have also heard gored used in reference to Melinsaith (8-a) [inf M. �..fathias] ; c£ J.Jelincwm (9-a). The usual term for a weir for the use of a water-mill is argae or troifa, the term cored usually restricted to a weir for catching fish.

155

(1 0) IS..C OED TROEDROlJR-ISA

Aberharthen-fach

-(SN

3 23 -447) [aber + hn. Harthen (+ bach) ] ;

Tythyn Aberharthen 1 606 Nouadd �1S S, Aberbarthen 1 65 1 rent, Aberarthen 1 760CF, Aberharthen fach 1 769PR Troedrour, �A- berarthen fach 1 787sur map, �Aberharthen 1 800PR Troedrour, Aberathan ..

1 802

M.Richardson 1\1SS p.482, .A.berarthen fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aber-arthen OS 1 89 1 , Aberarthen vach c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall�Tumer p . l 60, Aberarthen fach 1 9 1 5-24 Beckingsale I\.1SS Though sharing the same name as Aberharthen-fawr (8-a), these

Abermarlais

-(SN

p. 1 22 places refer to different streams.

3 2 1 -453)[tn. Aberrrmrlais (Llansad-..vm, Carms.)] ;

Abermarles 1 760map E.Bowen

Blaencoed -(SN 340=454}[blaen + y + coed] ; Blaencoed 1 828PR Troedrour, Blaen-coed OS 1 89 1 Blaencrymnant -(SN 3 3 7-446)[blaen + h.11. Cryw.nant] ; Blaen Ktymnant 1 584 Nouadd MS 8, Blaencryw..ant 1 828PR Troedrour, Blaen-cryfnant O S 1 834, Blaen Cr;rr.rr..ant 1 83 7TM:S, Blaen-crymnant OS 1 89 1 , Blaencrymant O S 1 904 Blaengwen!bm Cross -(8N 333-441 )[tn. BlaengwenJlan (1 1 -a) + E. cross]; [ bla; g wenian 0. Rees, blajn ,gwenian'kr:>s, now g :>l'�va 0. Jones] '

Blaengwenllan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-gv;enllan Tafarn O S 1 834, Blaengwen11an, Blaengwellan 1 83 7T�1S , Blaen-gwerJlan OS 1 89 1 , Blaen-gwenllan 08 1 904, Blaeng-..venllan Cross 0Sc. 1 950

Blaenharthen -(SN 325-443)[blaen + !m. HarthenL Blaen Harthen 1 597 Pengelli M ..SS, Blaen .

Harthen

1 65 lrent, Tir Blaen Harthen, Llain Blaen Harthen

1 700 Penge!li MSS , Tir Blan Harthen, Llain Blan Harthen 1 73 9 Pengelli MSS , Blaen A.rthen 1 787sur map, Blaenarthen O OS 1 8 1 1 , Blaenharthen 1 820PR Llandyfriog, Blaen-arthen OS 1 834, Blaen-arthen O S 1 89 1 , Llair..arthen O S 1 982

Blaenharthen Cottages -( SN 3 29-443)[tn. Blaen_harthen (1 0-a) + E. cottages] ; c.ott. 1 83 7TMS, Blaen-arthen Cottages OS 1 89 1 , Blaenarthen OS 1 982 Blaenllyn -(SN 3 3 7-448 ) [blaen + y + llyn]; Blaen-llyn OS 1 89 1

Blaenwaun -(SN 3 48*465}[blaen + y + gwaun] ; Blaen..hawen als. Blaen Cerig 1 837TMS, Blaen-waun O S 1 89 1 , Blaen-waun O S 1 982 See Blaenhawen (13-a). Brongaer -(SN 346-45 1 )[bron + y + caer] ; Bron-y-gaer 1 83 1 PR Lla.�g-;nllo, Bronygar 1 83 2PR LlangyrJlo, Frongar, Fron y Gar Fron y Gaer 1 83 9TMS Llangynllo, Fron�y�gaer OS 1 89 1 , Fron Gar 1 93 8 \Vflv1 l\1S S Refers to

BRONGEST

-(SN

Cr.Jg=y-balog (lO-b). 32 1 -45 2) [ bron + cest] ;

Brongest c. l 600 L.D\Vtln vol. l p.42,

1 83 7Tl\lf..S , (c450) 1 650/1 1 p. 1 8 1

(c) Parkau Brongest 1 787sur rnap, Brongest OOS 1 8 1 1 , Brongest

O S 1 834, Bron-gest OS 1 89 1 , Bronygest 1 904 J.Evans p. 272 Houses each side of the river pentref "

[ 1 837TIAS] ; "D)rwedir hef.;d mai rhyw Sais o'r enw Guest, roddodd yr enw i'r

[ 1 904 J. Evans: 272] .

Comprising: l ) Abermarlais, 2 ) Castle, 3 ) Penbont, 4 ) PortlLrhyd, 5) TY-c-OIIleL Brynhawen -(8N 3 38-448)[bryn + hn. Hawen] ; Bryn-hawen O S 1 89 1

Brynmanal =(SN 3 44 45 6) [ bryn + y + banadl] ; Bryn-manal 08 1 89 1 , Brynn1anal 1 923 Beckingsale MSS p. 1 1 2 Bwlchparselau -(SN 3 28 4 5 5 ) [ bwlch + y + parselau] ; Bwlch Parcele, (c) Park Prisele (SN 329-456) 1 787sur map, Bwlch -

-

1 78 9PR Troedrour, Bwlch Parsele

1 789PR Troedrour, Bwllch Parselle 1 792PR Troedrour, Bwlchyparcella OOS 1 8 1 1 , B\vlch O S 1 834, Bwlch-Troed-yr-Aur O S 1 89 1 , Bwlch-Troedyraur O S 1 904 The term parse! is likely to refer to simple 'parcels' or 'pieces of land' rather than to parse! in the special sense 'parochial subdivision'. Bwlch-y-wem -(SN 3 3 2 -468) [bwlch + y + g\vern] ; Bwlchgwernen ? 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, B\vlch-y-v1ern OS 1 89 1

Capelgwnda =(SN 3 23-468)[capel + pn.

Gwyndaf] ;

[rektari, 156

now karlnv'wi·v�rz �v1 Thomas]

( 1 0) IS-COED Capel-gv.nda c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, The Parsonage House 1 720 in 1 904 \VGaz. 21 /04/04, Gvmda Chappel-yard 1 720PR Troedrour, Cappel Gwnda 1 789PR Troedrour, Cappel G\wda 1 803w_ap J. Singer, Capel Gwnda 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 1 86, ym Mhersondy Troed yr Aur 1 869 B.Williams p.25, Rectory OS 1 89 1 , F��eithordy Troedyraur 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p.23, Y F��eithordy 1 93 8 WFM MS 1650/1 1 p.23, Rec. 0Sc. 1 95 0, .t'vfill O S 1982, Capel \Vnda 1 994 P. 6 Riain p. 383 The ecclesiastical chapel of Capelgwnda formerly stood on the bar.u.� of the river Cer� \Vhere is now· the Rectory of Troed yr Aur [ 1 902 WGaz.: 244; 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270]. "Here was formerly an ancient chapel called Capel Twr Gw)rn_11 [sic] upon the site of which a neat parson-age-house h-as been built by the present re.ctor. " [ 1 833 s. Le'¥is s.v. Troedyraur] (note, however, that the rectory was in the same position in 1 720 "adjoini11g the parsonage-house a quarter acre of meado\v and other lands called G\vnda C!t.appel-yard. Bounded north and west with Ceri, and south and east with the lands of Cefnmaes" [1 720 in 1 904 WGaz. 21104104]; a chapel of ease [ 1903 G. E. Evans: 270]. Note the - othenv'�e ur�ubstantiated - statement of S. R. � 1eyrick ( 1 808: 1 86] that it was, along with Capel T1vrgv.yn (l l�a), a chapel of ease to Llanddewi Brefi (" There is a farw.house . . . but no vestige of a chapeL . . . a chapel to the Perpetual Curacy of Llan Ddewi Brefi . . . It was too distant to belong to Llan Ddewi Brefi, except as an appropriation to it as a Collegiate Church: but it is not found among the Churches so appropriated, and which are enumerated under Llan Ddewi Bre:fi. " [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Capel Gwnda]). (c) Pare Capel there, one of the cottages with its back to this field called Porth [ 1902 WGaz. : 244]; (cs) park'kapel + p:)re [inf. M. Thomas] ; see CapelgHmda (8-a). The feast·day of Gwyndaf was held on the sixth of November [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 383]; A. VI. \Vade-Evans c.onnected Gwyndaf with an Irish sai..11t mentione-d in Uita Sancti Kebii [c. l l00(1200)] na..rned Crubthir Fintam, but as P. 6 Riain [1 994: 383] notes that in Irish sources " . . . the form of the name usually ends in -n. It may be therefore that the writer was influenced by the local form of the P.ame, i.e. Gv.'Yndaf, " more likely the OI. pn. Fintan was wholly unrelated to the name \X!. pn. G·wyndaj, for which one would l>..ave expected *Fintam in OI. sources; see Do/saint (lO�b); cf. Park y Person (SN 3 24=456) [l 787sur map]. Capel Hawen -(SN 346-468)[c.apel + tn. !l-awen (lO-a)] ; [kapel'howen M. Thomas] Tynewydd Troedyraur (i), Rhydhawen (ii) 1 875 R. A. Thomas p. 1 78, Capel Ha\ven (Indt.) 08 1 891 , Hawen, Troedyraur c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.279 i) b. 1747 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 493; c. 1 902 E. R . Horsfall�Tumer: 2 79] ; b. l 769 [ 1 875 R. A. Thomas: 1 78; 1 938 \\'Fl\.1 ·Ms 1 650/1 1 : 69-74] . ii) b. 1 790 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 493 ; 1 875 R. A Thomas: 178; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu...rner: 279; 1 938 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 : 69-74] . graveyard added 1 804 [ 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 65]. iii) b. l 8 1 1 [ 1 875 R. A . Thomas: 179; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..rner: 279; 1 938 WFM MS 1650/1 1 : 69-74] ; rest. 1 83 8 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..rner: 279; 1 987 B. I. Rawlins: 165]; b. c. 1 845 [1 875 R. }.._ Thomas: 1 79] ; rest. 1 878 [ c. 1 902 E. R. Hcrsfall­ Tu..rner: 279; 1 938 \1/FM MS 1 650/ 1 1 : 69�74] . Caste!lwem -(SN 320-438)[castell + y + gwern] ; Castellwern 1 787PR Troedrour, �AJlt-wern (sic) OS 1 834, Caste!l-wem OS 1 89 1 Castle -(8N 322-452)[E. castle] ; [kasJ ]\{ ThoiP..as] in£ Cefngwyn -(SN c. 326-466)[cefn + g\vyn]; 'seat' Ceven Gwin c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, (c) Cefen Gwyn 1 787sur w..ap Cefnmaes-bach -(8N (ii)326-459)[cefn + y + maes (+ bach)] ; [keven,majs'ba:z 0. Rees] Cefen y :Maes bach (i), (c) Pant Coch (ii) 1 787sur map, Cevenymaes bach 1 787PR Troedrour, Caven...'Tiais bach 1 8 1 5PR Troe.drour, Cefn y M-aes bach 1 837TMS, Ceferunas bach 1 83 8PR Troedrour, Cefn-y-maes­ bach OS 1 89 1 , Cefn-w.aes-bach OS 1 904, Ce&w.aes-bach 0Sc. l 950 i) SN 325-460. 1 834 ii) 8N 326-459. 1 837. Cefnmaes=mawr =(SN 3 24=463)[cefn + y + ma es (+ rnav\T)]; [keven,majs'mawr 0. Rees, kevenmas'mowr �Y1. Thomas, M. Jones] Kevenny M-ayse 1 65 1rent, Keven y 1\lf...aes 1 720PR Troedrour, Cefen y 1\lf..aes w.awr 1 787sur map, Ceven 1 787PR Troedrour, Cefenymaes 1 805PR Troedrour, Cefen y Maes 008 1 8 1 1 , Cefenmaes 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Cefu-y-maes 08 1 834, Cefn-y-IP..aes-IP..awr O S 1 89 1 , Cefumaes-IP..av.rr 081 904 Cilborth =(SN 346-468) [cil + porth] ; [kdb;.1re J\1. Jones] Cilborth 1 84 1 cens. , Gilborth (sign) The 1 841 form was placed in Llangynllo parish; cf Cilborth (17-b). ..

!57

( 1 0) IS-COED Clydfan -(SN 3 39-464)[clyd + man]; Clydfan OS 1 982

Colderbrooke Lodge -(SN 3 32-457)[E.tn Colderbrooke + lodge] ; Colderbrooke Lodge O S 1 904 b. bet. l 89 1 -1 904 (OS189 1 , OS1 904] . The name

Colderbrooke was evidently suggested by Alderbrook, the ( 1 0-a) , the adjoining mansion. But it seems to have been draw nearer to an English name such as Colebrook(e) [ 1 960 ODEPN: 1 1 6] .

nineteenth-century anglicisation of made to

Gwernan

Crug-y-balog -(SN 342-45 5)[ crug + y + ? ] ; Kryg y Balog 1 5 84 Nouadd MSS, Krig y Balig 1 65 l rent, Pencrugybalog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pencryg-balog 1 8 1 7PR Troedrour, Crigybalog 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Pen-crug-y-balog O S I 834, Crug-y-balog OS 1 89 1 S ee

Crug-y-balog (10-b). Crymnant -(SN 3 29-449)[hn. Crymnant]; [kriiDant, kr�mant M. Thomas] Crimnant 1 65 1 rent, Cryfnant c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Crymmant 1 787sur map, Crummant 1 796PR Troedrour, Crimmant 1 79 8PR Troedrour, Crymant 1 80 1 PR Troedrour, Crumant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Crynant 1 830PR Troedrour, Crymmant 1 837TMS, Crynant OS 1 89 1 , Crymant O S 1 904 Crymnant-fach -(SN 329-450)[hn. Crymnant (+ bach)] ; [kriiDant'va:z M. Thomas] Crymmant fach cott. 1 787sur map, Crymant fach 1 83 2PR Llandy1hog, Crynant fach OS 1 8 9 1 , Crymant­ :fiich O S 1 904

Cwmrhipyn -(SN 345-444)[cwm + y + rhipynt cott 1 787sur map, Cwmyrhypin, Cwm Rhipp[ ]n 1 792PR Troedrour, Cwm Rhippin 1 797PR Troedrour, Cwm yr-Hippin 1 8 1 8PR Llangynllo

Dderwenlas -(SN 324-450)[y + derwen + glas ]; [�'(}erwen, (}erwen M. Thomas] Dderwen-las OS 1 982

Dolgian -(SN 3 1 9-445)[dol + pn. Cian] ; [do:l'gijan 0. Rees, d:>l'gian E. Thomas] Doll Gian 1 65 1 rent, Dolguan 1 692 Ty-llwyd MSS , Dolegian 1 720PR Troedrour, Dolegeyau 1 760CF, Dolgian 1 803map J. Singer, Dolgian 1 807PR Troedrour, Dolegian OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dol-gian O S 1 834, Dolgain, Dolgian 1 83 7TMS, Dol-guan O S 1 8 9, Dol Geuan 1 908 E.R.Jones p. 65 The relatively unanimous agreement of the forms of this name (except for 1 760 and 1 908) precludes this name having anything to do with the pn.

Caean found in Tregaean (SH 45-79, Angl.) . The simplest is that this place-name, along with Brynci'an (SH 35-71 , Angl.), Llangi'an (Caerns.) and Rhiwgian (Newport) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 66], contains the pn. Ci'an, whose name is attested in Cian qui vacatur Gueinth Guaut [c.830 HB (Morris): 78] , and Ciannant in Mer {read Cian Nantnimer} [ s.a.865(c.954) Ann.Camb. : 14]. It is tempting to ascribe to this name an Irish original Cian, since in Welsh the form ci for 'dog' is - to my explanation

knowledge - never found as the ftrst element of Brittonic personal-names. This is not surprising as names with 'dog' were formed by the original Celtic stem

in Modern Welsh in the pl.

cWn

*cun-,

e.g.

Cynan, Cynog etc. ,

a form now only found

'dogs'. S ome personal-names were still being created anew after the

switch from Brittonic to Welsh (cf

Tudyr

�

Tudri), and if so a construction ci + -an would represent a Cynan. There are common nouns ci'an 'little dog, whelp'

more modern form of the the ancient Cehic pn.

and cuan 'owl', though note there is no hint of an article in the place-name. Dyffrynceri -(SN 3 45-467)[dyffryn + hn. Ceri]; [d�frig'keri M. H. Davies] Dyffrynceri 1 875sur. landowners p . 5 , Dyffrynceri 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 65 0/ 1 1 p. 1 40, Siop

Dyffryn

1 963 D.Davies & W.T. Hughes p. 3 0

Euron -(SN 344-456)[ euron]; Euron OS 1 982 Cf Laburnum Hall (48-a). Fron-fach -(SN 343 -464)[y + bron + bach]; Fron-fiich O S 1 8 9 1

Fronfelen -(SN 3 39-463)(y + bron + melenL [dremalt, formerly br:>n'velen 0. Rees] Fronvelen 1 826PR Troedrour, Bron-felen OS 1 891 , Tremallt OS 1 982

Gelli-aur -(SN 327-454)[tn Gelli-our (E. Goldengrove, Llanfihangel Aberbythych, Canns.)] ; Gelli Aur O S 1 982

Gilfachgam -(SN 329-467)[y + cilfach + cam] ; Gilvach Gam 1 789PR Troedrour, Gilfachgarn OO S 1 8 1 1 , Gilfach-gam OS 1 834, Gilfach-gam OS 1 89 1

Glyntawel -(SN 341 -464)[glyn + tawel]; 158

Ceri

( 1 0) IS-COED Glynatv;el OS 1 982

Gweman -(SN 3 3 3-460)[gwem + -an] ; (pla:s�'gwernan 0. Rees, pla:s'gwernan M. H. Davies] GwernP..ant

1 803map J. S inger, Gwemant

1 808

S . R.l\1eyrick p. 204,

Alderbrook Hall OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Alderbrook Hall OS I 834, Gweran ma\\lf 1 832PR Troedrour, Alder Brook Hall 1 83 8PR Troedrour, Plas­ y-Gwemant O S 1 89 1 , Gwernantgoch-Cadwgan 1 904 J. Evans p. 272, Plas-Gwemant 1 9 1 8 Beckingsale �1S S

p. l l 5, i

Blas Gwernant 1 93 8 \VFl\.1 �1S 1 650/1 1

p. 142,

Y Gwern.'lant 1 966 D .I. Jones p.75,

Gweman 1 976 S . Gw.Davies p . 2 1 John Lloyd Williams esq., the present proprietor, has built a handsome one on the sum.f11.it o f the hill, the old mansion house stood in the bottom [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 204], probably Gwernan-isa ( 1 0-a). Gwernan Home Farm -(SN 3 3 6-46l ) [tn. Gwernan (lO-a) + E. home + farm] ; [nant�·gwernan 0. Rees, ho:m 'farm 0. Rees] Gwemant O S 1 89 1 , Gwemant Home Farm OS 1 9 82

Gweman-isa -(SN 3 34-466)[gwem + -an (+ isaf) ] ; o 6ernann f1. 1 485a L. Glyncothi p. 1 69, Gwernan 1 546

1\TL\V

M S 29 1 2 p . 7, o \Vernaru'1 1 500Yz

Rep\lll\1SS vol. l pt. l p. 8 1 9, Gwernan Place 1 564 Nouadd l\1SS, G"vernan 1 565

\V. Cynwal

p. 1 35,

Gweman 1 6 5 lrent, o Wernan c. l 600 L.D\AJtm vol l p. 3 4, CT\vennan c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 90, Weman 1 789PR Troedrour, Gwernant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwernant OS 1 834, Gwemant ishaf 1 837TMS, Gwernant-isaf OS 1 89 1 Tf..is was probably the old rr-..ansion of Gl1iernan, see sub

Gwernan

( 10-a). The name

Gl·Jiemant was

given

to a stream in 1 894 [ 1 894 J\1LW MS 1 5858-B: 3 ] , but whether this was a name distilled from the place-name or whether

Gwernan

- to

give its proper form - originally referred to a stream is not .L'lo\vn, though quite

possible.

Hawen( i) -(SN 3 45-468)[hn. Hawen] ; [howen'h:1:! l\1. H. Davies] Rhyd Hawen 1 65 1 rent, Rhydhawen 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Hawen Hall O S 1 89 1 , Rhyd-hawen, Hawen 'yn

awr' 1 97 1 M.E.James p. l 8 Hmven=isa existed before _.1-fmven Hall was built [c.1 925 WFJ\.1 MS 1650!1 8]; in 1 880 an auctioneer Hawen and called it Hawen Hall [inf. M. Jones] . !L.I\WEN(ii) -(SN 346-468)[tn. Hawen(i) (10-a)t [howen 1vf. H. Davies, pentre'howen �1. Thomas]

rebuilt

Pentrehawen 1 796PR Troedrour, Pentre Hawen O OS 1 8 1 1 , Pentre Hawen O S 1 8 34, Ha\ven 1 83 9TI.1S LlangyrJlo, ym J\1hentref Hawen c. 1 90 0

\VHvf MS

1 5201 1 , yn Bentref Hawen 1 963 D.Davies

&

W. T.Hughes p.28

Originally called Pentre Hawen after Hawen(i) (lO-a), but subsequently the name was simplified.

Comprising: 1 ) Arnvylfa (13-a), 2) Capel Hawen, 3) Cilbo� 4) Dyffrynceri, 5) Glen11ydd (1 3-a), 6) Hawen Hall, a), 8) Ysgol Niwgat (1 3-a), 9) TroedrhiwpaJ.

7) Niwgat ( 1 3-

Hawen-isa -(SN 345-469)[hn. Hawen (+ isaf) ] ; Tir Hawen 1 564rent, Aber Hawen 1 65 l rent, Hawen 1 760CF, Hav1en 1 794PR Troedrour, Ha\ven OOS 1 8 1 1 , Hawen 1 83 9TI\1S Llangynllo, Hav;en issa 1 8 52 R Evans �AS S, Hawen isaf 1 926 \VFl\1 l\1S 1 650/1 6

Henblas -(SN 326-442)[hen + plas] ; Henblas OS 1 982 Ietgoch �(SN 334-463) [iet + coch];

[jet'go:x; 0.

Rees]

Iet-goch O S 1 89 1

!et!as -(SN 328-463) [iet + glas] ; Yet Las 1 787sur map, Ietlas 1 793PR Troedrour, Yetlas 1 796PR Troedrour, !etlas 1 803map J. S inger, Yetlas OOS 1 8 1 1

Lan -(SN 3 3 1 =444)[y + glan] ; Top Galan 1 798PR Troedrour, Top 1 83 0PR Troedrour, Top O S 1 834, Lan, Llan 1 837TMS, Lan O S 1 89 1 , Lan OS 1 904, Top 1 904 J. Evans p. 273, Y Top 1 904

J.Evans

p. 275, Llanarthen O S 1 982

Llain -(SN 3 4 1 -465)[llain]; [iajn 0. Rees] Llain 1 787PR Troedrour, Llain Rhyd y Pentre 1 83 7TMS, Llain 08 1 89 1 , Bronwylfa OS 1 9 82

Llain Bwlchdawdd -(SN 3 3 4-43 8)[llain + tn. Bwlchclawdd] ; Llain Bwlch Clawdd 1 787sur map, Llain Bwllch y C!awdd 1 83 7TI\1S

Llainddu -(S N 343-455)[llain + du]; Llain-du O S 1 89 1 , Llain-ddu O S 1 904, Gwynfryn O S 1 98 2

159

( 1 0) IS-COED Llaindelyn -(SN 346-457)[1lain + y + telyn]; LJai.11-delyn OS 1 89 1 Llainlas -(SN 324-450)[llain + glas]; [!ajn'la:s M . Thomas] LlaL.'l-las OS 1 982 Llainmanal -(SN 346-457)[llain + y + banadl]; L1ain-manal OS 1 89 1 , L1ainmanol l 963 D.Davies & W.T.Hughes p.40 Llysawe! -(SN 339-453)[llys + awel] ; L!ysa\vel OS 1 982 Llysywain =(SN c. 320-459) [1lys + pn. Ywain] ; Llys Owen c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.90, (c) Pare Llys Owen 1 787sur ro.ap, (c) Llys Wen 1 903 G.E.Evans p.269, (c) Parc-lys-wen 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6 Cejnmaes-mawr (10-a) land [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 269]. Tradition has it that Ywain ab Hy\vel Dda, king of Ceredigion lived in this field [ 1 926 WFM MS 165011 6] . Loj Gwernan =(SN 340=454) [loj + tn. Gwernan (l O-a)]; Lodge 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, Gwernan Lodge 1 8 1 9PR Troedrour, Lodge Gwernan 1 849 in 1 953 WFM MS 1 650/1 2 p. 60, Gwernant Lodge OS 1 89 1 , (fpn.) Mari'r Lodge ? 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p.26 Lower Lodge -(SN 329-457)[E. lower + lodge] ; Lower Lodge OS 1 982 Nantu -(SN 33 7-461 )[nant + du]; [mmti 0. Rees, pentre'nanti M H. Davies] Nanty issa + ycha 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Nanty 1 62 1 BRA ( 1 93 5) MSS p. 9, Nant Dye 1 650rent, Y Nanty issa + ycha 1 6 5 l rent, Nanty 1 787sur map, Nantu 1 793PR Troedrour, Nantty 1 804PR Troedrour, Nanty OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nante OS 1 834, Gv.remant Cottages 1 837Th1S, Nant-y-Gwernant OS 1 891, (pn.) Ifan Go' Nanty 1 967 S. Gw.Davies p. 60 A pentref ( 1 938 WFM MS 1650/1 1 : 40]. Pantglas -(SN 322-454)[pant + glas] ; [pant'gla:s M Thomas] Pant-glas OS 1 891 Penbont(i) -(SN 324-468)(Capelgwnda) [pen + y + pont] ; Pen-y-bont 1 81 3PR Troedrour, Pen-bont OS 1 834, Pen y Bont 1 83 7TMS, ym Mhenbont Wnda 1 93 8 WFM M S 1 650/1 1 p.23 , Mill O S 1 982 Penbont(ii) -(SN 321 -452)(Brongest)[pen + y + pont]; [pen'b:lnt lVI. Thomas] (c) Park Pen y Bont 1 787sur map, Pen y Bont 1 921 Beckingsale .l\1SS p. 1 1 3 Pen-y-cwm -(SN 345-461 ) [pen + y + cwm] ; Pen-y-cwm OS 1 891 Pengel!i-isa -(SN 326-438)[pen + y + celli (+ isaf)]; [pen,gcli'i:Ja 0. Rees] Pen y Gelly isaf 1 597 Pengelli MSS, Pen y Gelli issa 1 65 1 rent, Tir Pen y Gelli issa 1 700 Pengelli l\1SS, Penygelly 1 7 1 4PR Troedrour, Penygelly, Pen y Gelly issa 1 760CF, Pencelly isaf 1 787sur map, Penygelli issa 1 797PR Troedrour, Pengelly OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pengelli-fawr 1 830PR Llangynllo, Pen-gelli OS 1 834, Pengelly 1 83 1 PR Troedrour, Pengelli 1 833PR Llandyfr!og, Pen Gelly issaf, Pengelly ishaf 1 837TMS, Pen-gelli-isaf OS 1 891 Pengelli-ucha -(SN 327-439)[pen + y + celli (+ uchaf)]; [pen,gcli'i:za 0 . Rees] Pen y Gelly ycha 1 597 Pengelli MSS , Pen y Gelli ycha 1 65 1 rent, Pencelly uch.a 1 787sur map, Penygelli ucha 1 787PR Troedrour, Penggally ucha 1 828 Pengelli 1\AS S, Pengelly uclt.af 1 837TMS, Pen-gelli-uchaf OS 1 89 1 Penlan -(SN (ii)34 1 -460)[pen + y + glan] ; Pen y Lan 1 584 Nouadd l\1SS , Pen y Lla.'l 1 65 lrent, Pen Lan 1 784PR Troedrour, Penlan 1 803map J. Singer, Penlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen Lan OS1 834, Pen-Ian OS 1 89 1 , Pe11Jan Troedyraur c. 1 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 i) SN 342-46 1 . 1 834. ii) SN 341 -460. Penlon(i) -(SN 33 5-463)(Gweman) [pen + y + lon]; PePJon 1 788PR Troedrour, Penlon 1 790PR Troe.drour, Pen Lone 1 834PR Troedrour, Pen-lon OS 1 89 1 Pen!on(ii) -(SN 322-45 1 )(Brongest)[pen + y + Ion]; [pen'lo:n M. Thomas] Penlon OS 1 982 Penparc �(SN 340-464)[pen + y + pare] ; [pen'park l\1. H. Davies] 1 60

( 1 0) IS-COED Pen y Park 1 6 5 1 rent, Penypark 1 792PR Troedrour, Penpark 1 802PR Troedrour, Pen-pare OS 1 834, Pen­ pare OS1 891 Penrhiw-fach -(SN 344-465)[pen + y + rhiw (+ bach)]; [pendr!W'va:x; M H. Davies] Pen-rhiw-fach OS 1 834, Pen-rhiv1-:ffich OS 1 891 , Penrhiwfach 1 968 \VFM MS 1 520/2 p. l The bach in opposition to Penrhiwpal. Penrhiwpru -(SN 347-458)[pen + yr + pal]; [pendru'pa:l M. H. Davies, penriW'pa:l 0. Jones] (c) Park y Pal (SN 346-448) 1 787sur w.ap, Penrhiwpal OOS 1 8 l l , PenrPiw-pale 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Penrhiwpal 1 822PR L!angynllo, Penrhi\vpale 1 825PR Troedrour, PenrhwpaL Penrhwpale 1 83 0PR Troedrour, Penrhiw-pal OS1 834, Pen-rhiw-pal OS1 89 1 , i Berwpal (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p.208, Penrhiwpal 0Sc. 1 950 The court leet was held at Penrhiwpiil [1938 \VFM M S 1650/1 1 : 26-27] ; a little pentref £1938 WFM M: s 1650/1 1 : 18] . Penrhiw Salem -(SN 328-447)[pen + y + rhi\v + tn. Salem (10-a)]; Penrhiw 1 789PR Troedrour, Pen-rhiw-salem OS 1 89 1 , Ael y Bryn OS1 904, \Vest View 0Sc. l 950 Penwem �(SN 33 1 =470)[pen + y + gwern] ; Peny\vern 1 787PR Troe.drour, Penwern, Penywern 1 837TMS, Pen-wern OS 1 891 Pop!er -(SN 329-464)[E. poplar]; [ p:)pler M Jones, p:)pl�rs 0. Rees] Poplar 1 791PR Troedrour, Pepler OS 1 834, Pepler OS 1 89 1 , Y Poplar 1 93 8 \VFM �1S 1 650/1 1 p. 28, Poplars OS 1 982 Porthrbyd -(SN 321 -452)[porth + y + rhyd] ; [p:)rO�'hri:d M Thomas] Parth Gwernan ? 1 65 lrent, Porth yr Hyd 1 807PR Troedrour, Porth y F�lJ.yd, Porthrhyd (2x) 1 837TMS P\vllg\vair -(SN 33 5-452)[pwll + y + gwair]; [ pm'gwajr 0. Rees] Pwll-y-gwair OS 1 834, Pwll Gwair 1 837TMS, Pwll-y-gwair 08 1 89 1 , Bryn-Gwernant OS1 982 Rhandir -(SN 323-449)[rP.andir]; .. Rlumdir 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Rlt.andir 1 83 7TMS, RlJ.andir OS 1 904 Rhipyndu -(SN 345-446)[rhipyn + du]; [hripm'm: (id. ) 0. Rees, hnpm 0. Jones] .Rhipin Duy 1 584 Nouadd MSS, R.hippi..11 Dy 1 594 Nouadd M8S, R.hippin Ddy 1 650rent, Rhippin Du, Fippin Du, (c) Penrhip (SN 346-444) 1 787sur map, Rhippin 1 795PR Troedrour, Ripping OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhipyn OS 1 834, FJrippin D u 1 837Tivf..S , R.lribyn-du OS 1 89 1 , Rhippin D u OS 1 904, Rippyn Du 1 938 \VR1 1VfS 1 650/1 1 p. l 81 Rhyd-y-berllan -(SN 322-447) [rhyd + y + perllan]; Rhyd-y-berllan OS 1 891 Jlhydgaled -(SN 328-442)[rhyd + c-aled]; Rhyd-galed OS 1 891 P....'tydpentre . -(SN 342-465) [rhyd + y + pentrefj ; Tythyn R.�yd y Pentre 1 5 84 Nouadd l\1SS, Rhyd y Penter 1 65 lrent, Rhyd y Pentre 1 760CF, Rhydypentre 1 797PR Troedrour, Rhydypentre OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-pentre OS1 834, .Rhyd-pentre OS 1 891, Rh.ydypentref O S 1 904, o Rydpentre (dialect) 1 953 WFM MS 1 650/12 p. 32, i Rydypentre 1 968 WFM MS 1 520/2 p. l The pentref referred to hardly seerns to refer to the neighbouring pentref of Hawen (10-a) or Nantu (10-a), as these are only securely attested much later. Salem =(SN 324-450)[Bibl.tn Salem] ; Capel Salem OS1 834, Salem 1 833PR Troedrour, Capel Salem 08 1 89 1 , Salem c. l 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p.277 b. l 8 1 1 [ 1851Rel cer>...s. : 494; c.l902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..rner: 277; 1904 J. Evans : 273; 1 938 \VFI'-A �.1S 1650/1 1: 79-80] ; ren. 1 885 ( c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 277; 1 938 WFJ\1 MS 1650/1 1 : 79-80] ; denom. Cl\/1. Sicar -(SN 323=450)[Bibl.tn. Sichar]; [s1kar r-...1. Thomas, r-...1.Jones, sikar'ixa + 'iJa r-...1. Thomas] Sichar 1 832PR Penbryn, Sychar 1 834PR Troedrour, Sicb.ar 1 904 J.Evans p.385, Sychar uchaf 1 9 1 6 Beckingsale M..SS p. l l 7 Talgarth -(SN 347-460)[tal + y + garth]; [talgare 0. Rees] Talga.rth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Talgarth 1 821PR Troedrour, Tal-gart.� OS 1 834, Talgarth 1 83 1 PR Troedrour, Talgarth OS 1 891 It is not altogether clear to wPich topographic-al feav..:rre garth in this P.ame refers to, possibly to Gemos A/fountain (1 3-b), though this would not be a classical example of garth. It is conceivable that this name is a.. '1. emulative place-P..ame alludi.. "'lg to Talgarth (Brees.). 161

(1 0) IS-COED Troedrour

+ ? ]; [tro:d'r;:,jr tum,tro'drejr R Jones]

�(SN 3 27-453) [tref

Davies, pn.

0. Rees, L. Jenkins,

tr;)d'r;:,jr

E. Thomas,

(ec) Sancti Jvfichaelis de Trefdreyr 1 1 5 8---65b( l 308) cart. Slebech, Dresdryer 1 1 47-76

trod'r;:,jr

J\1. H.

in 1 897 J.R Rees

p. 98, Trefdreyr >1 1 76(1 3 08) cart. Slebech, Trastrahir 1 23 1 i11 1 946b J. C.Davies p. 363, eccl. Trestrahir 1 23 1 (c. 1 603) {v.l. G. Owen}

in 1 897 H. Owen vol 2 p. 3 5 9, Trefduher, Trefdreher 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, g6yr (MW. gwyr)} fl. 1 485a L. Glyncothi p.75, Trede:Yr {rhyme with syr} fl 1 48 5 L. Glync.ot.lll in 1 897 H. Owen vol.2 p . 3 59 n. l , Trefdrah.ir' 1 486 Trefdreir 1 408 ERSt-David p.4 1 0, i Dre Dreyr {rhyme with

ERSt-David p.468, Treftreic 1 489 ERST-David p. 670, Treftreyc, Tretrec 1 489 ERSt-David p. 672, Tredreyr 1 4 94 ERSt-David p. 694, Tredreir 1 494 ERSt-David p. 696, Trespeher 1 200-1 500(c. 1 600) Slebech �AS 247 in 1 948 B.G. Charles p . 1 94, Trefdryer 1 53 5

VE

p . 3 95, Trevedreyre 1 542 Nouadd MSS ,

Tredreir 1 545 Nouadd l\1S S , Tredrer 1 546 J'-IT.W :t- 1S 291 2 p.7, Tredereyr 1 552 Bromvydd J\1SS , ..

Tredroyr 1 5 54 CD, Treredroyer 1 5 54 CalPR p.44, Tredroyr 1 557 Nouadd MS S , Tredereyr 1 5 58 CalPR p.246, Tredroyer 1 564 Nouadd M�S , Tre Dreyrn c. l 566EPC, 'Troedroyr' 1 567 NLW MS 291 2 p. 29, Tredreyr, Tredroir 1 572 Cilgwyn I MSS , Tredroir 1 5 74 Nouadd MSS , Tredraier 1 578tnap C . S axton, Trederoir 1 58 1 Nouadd M �S , Tredrair 1 584 Nouadd �1SS , Tref Dreyr 1 590-91 EPC, Trederoir, Tredero;T 1 597 Pengelli MS S , Tredraur c. 1 600 L. Dv.mn vol. 1 p. 1 9, Trev Dreau c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 50, o Dred;Tawr c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p .60, Trefdrayer 1 60 1 Prob. St-David, Tref DeyTn 1 606EPC, Trefdrayr 1 6 1 0 Prob. St-David, Tredroyr 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I MSS , Tredroyr 1 6 1 2 EEW MSS, Tredrayr 1 6 1 3 Bromvydd MSS , Trefdroyer 1 6 1 4/1 5 Pengelli MSS , Tred..nNir 1 624 EM\VDS 1 7, Tredroier 1 629 Cilgwyn I MSS, Trodroyre 1 636 Pengelli MSS , Tredroyre 1 641 Bronwydd MSS, Troedyroyre 1 64 1 Bronwydd �1SS , T ir Tredroyr 1 650rent, Tredroyre, Troedroyre, Croes Tredroyre, Keven Tredrayre (prox.) 1 65 1 rent, Troedroyr 1 660 J\1Richardson J\1S 1 6 1 , Troed-yr-oyer 1 673 Hendrefelen J\1SS,

Troedro;Te 1 68 8 NL\lf MS 1 3 529-A.., Tre Droi..�e 1 690 Coedmor :t- 1S 2 1 , TroedjTaur 1 692 Ty-lhvyd ..

M-S S , Trederoyre 1 700 Cilgvvyn I MSS , Trefdraur c . 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p . 93, Trefdroyr 1 694PR Troedrour, Trodroyer 1 696 Bromvydd MS S, Trefdroyr c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 89, Troedra\¥r c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 91 , Troeddroyer, Trefdroyre 1 702/03 Bronwydd MS S, Tredroge 1 7 1 0 Bronwydd MS S, Treed }T Royr 1 7 1 3 M Richardson MS 1 69, Troed}T Royr 1 7 1 4 �{Richardson �1S 1 70, Trodyre 1 7 1 9 Bronwydd J\1S S, Treffdroyne (sic) 1 720 i n 1 904 WGaz. 2 1 /04/04, Treodyro;T 1 72 1 Cilgwyn I J\1S S , Trefdayr 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, Troed y r Oyr 1 73 4 Bronvvydd :t- 1S S , Troedroir 1 73 4 }·berglasney ..

..

MS 30, Troedyraur 1 73 9 Pengelli MSS , Troedyroer 1 74 8 in 1 80 8 S . R Meyrick p. 1 75, Troedyroir 1 75 1 /5 2 Peterwell MSS , Tredyraur 1 754 RJJ M ..S S , Troedyraur 1 757 Nouadd MSS , Tref Dreyr c. 1 757 LJ\1orris p . 4 1 1 , Troed yr Oir 1 760map E.Bowen, Troedyroyr 1 760CF, Troedyraur 1 760CF, Trefdroyr 1 762 F.Green �1S S vol.25 p. 48, Traed-yr-oir 1 76 5map E.Bowen

et a!.,

Tredroyre 1 768 M.Richardson

MS 1 8, Troedyroir 1 773 Nouadd l\1SS , Troedyroyre 1 774 Pengelli J\1S S, Troedyraur 1 774 CD, Troedyraur Church 1 787sur ro-ap, Troedyrour 1 787PR Troedrour, Troe.dyraur 1 794PR Troedrour, Tredroir 1 796 M.Rich.ardson MS 201 , Trev Deyrn 1 799EPC, Troed yr Oyr 1 803 map J. S inger, Troed-)lf­ aur, 'variants' Troed )lf Oir, Troedro)lf 1 808 S . RMeyrick p . 1 67, Troed yr Oer 1 808 S . Me)lfick p . 1 67, Troedyroyr 1 8 1 0 F. Green �1S S vol 25 p.472, Troedyraur OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troedd yr Aur 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Troedd yr Aur, 'anciently' Llar.ft..lrengel Tref Teyrn 1 8 1 1 N.Carlisle s.v. Troedd yr Aur, Troedyraur Village 1 8 1 3PR Troedrour, Troedyraur Farm 1 8 1 4PR Troedrour, Troed yr Oer 1 82 8 Pengelli �1S S , Troedyraur 1 83 7TMS, Troed-y-raur 1 83 9TMS Betws Ifa11.., 'ancient name' Llanvi..hangel-Trev-deyrn 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 8 5 0 ed. ) vol.2 p. 4 1 2, Troed)lfaur, S t . Michael's Ch. (Rectory) OS 1 89 1 , Teml Plant Trefdeyrn (society est. 1 876) 1 93 8

WFM

MS 1 650/1 1 p. 1 23 , Trefdreyr 1 93 8 R J. Thomas p. l 32, Trefdeym 1 944

T . J. Thomas p.48 The name as con1.•nonly pronounced and written at present means 'foot of the gold', and t.l-tis con.11ection with

aur, our 'gold' is as old as 1 700: Trejdroyr is the modem pronunciation, but anciently CantrefAur E. Lhuyd: 3.89] ; The etymology of its na.me h.as puzzled many an antiquary. Some have supposed it should be Troed-yr-aur and imagined that gold h-ad been found at the foot of the mountain it now stands on [1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 167]; 'the gold's foot', but in Demetia.11 dialect aur is pronounced oer [ 1 901 J. Rhys: 2. 166] ; G. \V. Hall [ 1 971 : 64] was misled by these etymologies to note Troedrour as a place where gold was [c. 1 700

mined or prospected, following 1 83 3 S . Lev,ris ·who referred to the tradition that gold was once obtained at the foot of the eminence on which the church stands. Another interpretation of the name, giving due emphasis to older written forms c.onnected the name with the element teyrn 'ruler': "At the end of the second volume of the arch-aiology of Wales this parish is called

Tredreyrn,

Trew Teyrn

which corruptedly may be

and this na.rne may be English 'king-ham' or 'king's toviln', which was probably the P..ame of this

162

( 1 0) IS-COED parish. " [ 1 808

s.

R.

Meyrick: 167] ;

�

Tredeyrn

als.

Tref Edeym

( 1 868 B. Williams: 1 0] ; "Dywedir fed tref o'r

enw Trefdeyrn we.di bod uwchlaw pentref Bronygest, yn ym.yl yr hwn y w_ae Sale111.., ac iddi gael ei dinystrio tn.vy ryfeloedd. " [ 1 904

Trefdeym was the form adopted by a local friendly aur and teyrn are incorrect, one only need look at the early forms of this name to see for one's self The frrst element tre(j) is mostly followed by -dreyr I -dreir (including those fonr...s with silent : -dreyre, -dereyr) in the earliest fonr...s. Variant fonr...s with rather than , e.g. -drayr!-drair (including those forms with silent -drayre, -draier, -drayer), are much less h'l evidence. The later forms with -droyr!-droir ( L.'lcluding those forrns with silent : -deroyr, -deroyre, -droyre, -deroir, -droier, -droyer), appear from the mid sixteenth century, that is when docu..rnentation begi.lJ.S to become common, �11d such late fofll'.s as -draur c. l 600, -dyrawr (sic) c. 1 600, -draur c. 1 700, are due to a regular practice of Vlriting literary instead \Vhich was considered J.

Eva.fl s: 272] ; and

society established i.lJ. 1 876. Both the i.lJ.terpretations by

sub-standard. The mai..11 conclusion to be drawn from all the above fonr...s is tr.at the vocalic kernel of this obscure word should be vvTitten

*treyr!*trayr).

�dreyrl=drayr

according to }v1n\V. conventions (probably lenited from

MnW. seems assured by ro_any facts: 1 ) Lewys syr 'sir' (fl. l 485); 2) the sporadic -duher, -dreher 1 29 1 , -peher (sic) 1 200-1 5 00(c. l 600); 3) forms

That the vocalic kernel could not be

Glyncothi's rhyming sc.heme where Tredeyr is made to rhyme with variations with

in some early fofll'..s : in < oy/oi > the early Modern period; 4) the present pronunciation in [ �j] . That the vocalic kernel could not be written .1\fuV/. seems assured by the fact that none of the early form is written with . The development of modern southern Welsh [;,j] from anythi..f1g except MW. is rather irregular, but does occur, Lf1 Penblodouyn (35-a), and the parish-name of Penbour (Ca.rm s.) not far from t}l..is locality seems to be another case of the same development (though as with Troedrour, the second element is equally obscure). For anomalous developments of . The forms with medial : -trahir 1 23 1 , -duher, -dreher 1 29 1 , -drahir' 1 486, -peher 1 200-1 500(c. 1 600), probably only represent a hiatus of the name

to ensure that it was not treated as a diphthong, a...11d that two syllables were to be understood (this is also the conclusion to be gleaned from Le\vys Glyncothi's form of fl l 48 5 :

-deyr

rhyming with

.syr).

This

would w..ake this element resemble - phonetically - a sw..all class of words which have an alternation

: 1\.A\XJ crehyr, northern MnW. creyr, crj)r 'heron', .l\1\XJ JVL.11\V. deir 'long (of time), tedious' [GPC s.v. breyr, creyr, deir, dfr..ir] . The forms without the medial : -duher 1 29 1 -dejir :fl. 1485, most probably represent dissimilation with the other two in the p_ame, though this loss of due to dissimilation has not survived with later forms. The addition of to the flnal of this obscure element drew it closer to a lenited form of the word teym 'ruler', and those sources which first note this form (c. l 566, 1 606) are the between forms with and without a medial

brehyr, breyr

'noble',

l\1\XJ dyhir,

southern

notoriously (sometimes hyper-) analytical Welsh parish lists Enwau Plwyfau Cymru. As can be seen from

trei, but t..lte main stress on the obscure :in the sixteenth-century Tredrour, allowed the vowel of Tre- to be obscured, doubtlessly giving rise to a spoken form *tr�'dr�jr, and from this (unattested) spoken form Welsh speakers must have understood the element troed 'foot' (which would have equally been obscured to * tr� - in this position). That the name was reanalysed is vouched for by the seventeenth century forms Troedyroyre 1 64 1 , Troedroyre 1 65 1 , Troedroyr 1 660, Troed-yr-oyer 1 673 , Troedroyre 1 688 (I have reason to believe that the transcripted form 'Troedroyr' of 1 567 may be suspect, and as and were often confused in the script of this period and I am also wary of appealing to the form Trodroyre 1 636). A si.rnilar hyper­ correction is evident in the Breconshire place-name "Troed-yr-harn, probably a c-orruption of Tredreham, is Trahameston 1 3 3 1 CI. " (S0 06-30, Llanddew, Brecs.) {1 93 8 B. G. Charles : 1 68] , and perhaps in Cefntroedudwal als. Penlan-isa (62-a). Church b. 1 795 [ 1 83 3 s. Le\.vi.s (1 850 edn): 2.412]; church dates from 1 84 5 (c. 1 902 E. R. the earlier fon:r...s the f1..rst element of the name was origi.11ally second element

Horsfall-Turner: 1 53 ] .

Troedrhiwpal -(SN 345-467) [troe.d + rhiw + y r + pal]; Troerhiw 1 824PR Troedrour, Troedyrhiw Hawen 1 83 7TMS, Troedrhyv•;pale 1 845 1 650/1 2 p. 5 9, Troedrhiwhawen 1 9 1 9 Beckingsale Y..S S p. 1 1 6 Ty-comel -(SN 3 22-452)[15' + yr + cornelL [ti'k:>rnel

M.

Thomas]

inf Ty-newydd -(SN 3 3 2-440)[15'

+ nev-;ydd] ;

Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1

'Vaun -(SN 3 25-469)[y + gvvaun] ; Waun 1 787sur map

1 63

in 1 953 WFM MS

( 1 0) IS-COED Winllan -(SN 344-456)[y + gwinllan] ; Winllan OS 1 89 1 goonyms Crug-y-balog -(SN 341 -452)[crug + y + ? ]; [kri:ga'babg 0. Rees] Creeg y Balog 1 760map E.Bowen, Old Encampm.t, Ochr Crug y Balog (prox.) 1 787sur map, Crug y Balwg 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. l 66, Crugybalg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Crug-y-balog OS 1 89 1 , Crug Balog 1 903 G.E.Evans p.269, Crug Balog 1 904 J.Evans p.272 "A slight earthwork, with no visible ditch, almost obliterated by a field-bank, " [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 244]; games were once played on Sundays here ( 1 904 J. Evans: 272] . The difficulty in this toponym is the second element balog, which seems to be present in Balog (SH 47-92, Llaneilian, Angl.), and nearby Penrhyn Balog (E. Lynas Point). Local tradition around Crug-y-balog viewed it as containing the name of a champion or a giant: " . . . tradition states that a warrior named Balog, or Emlyn Balog, was killed in battle, and buried" [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 269]; "Crug y Balwg ddylasai fod . . . ", a giant Balwg, was buried here of yore ( 1 926 WFM MS 1 65011 6}. The term balog (or more precisely MW balawg) is attested twice in MW texts whose contexts point to its meaning being for a person of some kind: "ef a welei varchawc yn dyfot yn y erbyn ac anvyd balawc amaw ac erchi y vendyth a wnaeth. I Ac ar borth y gaer y kyfatfou ac ef y balawc a gyfaruuassei ac ef kyn no hynny. Ac erchi y vendith a oruc. " ( 1 30Ql.,� Peredur vab Efrawc: 6 1 , 62] ; "Dangos dy uys y valauc ynteu ae heirch yn gubyl" 'show your finger to a churchman (?) and he'll demand it all' [c. l 250 in BBCS: 4.7] . The equation of this element with MB . bael(l)ec, MnB . beleg 'priest' [ 1 926 Gw. Morris-Jones: 1 1 ; 1 927 H. Lewis in BBCS: 4. 1 5] may be correct, though it may be safer to translate it as 'churchman'. In Welsh the regular cognate of B . beleg is found as baglog translated by GPC [ s.v. baglog] as 'one with the right to bear the crozier of an abbot or a bishop' (this translation leaves open whether baglog refers to the abbot and bishop themselves, or to a special official with duties to the crozier). The term baglog, and the cognate MnB . beleg 'priest' [ 1 967 HPB: 1 63], and I. bachlach 'shepherd, boor', sometimes 'priest, monk' constitute regular reflexes - with the CC. suffix -ak- - of L. baculum 'staff). GPC tentatively explains the form balog as opposed to baglog as a borrowing from MB. which hardly seems likely, especially as it does not reflect the phonetic realisation of the Breton word, though it is likely that knowledge of the Breton word may have influenced the understanding of the Welsh word by compilers of dictionaries in the early Modem period: balawg 'sacerdos' 1 592 [ GPC s.v. balog 1 ] . It remains a possibility that the few MW attestations of balog 'churchman' may be garbled written forms of baglog. Though 'churchman' remains a feasible meaning for balog in both Balog and Crug-y-balog, this meaning remains somewhat suspect. Another possible explanation of balog by an obscure noun biil meaning 'protrusion' is feasible: this is attested only once - and thus suspect - as a feminine noun bdl 'peak, summit' given by Iolo Morganwg in 1 788 [GPC s.v. biil 1 J, seems to be derived from Pen-y-fd - more properly Pen-y-fael (E. Sugarloaf, Abergavenny, Mons.). However, judging by the mountain Biil-mawr (SO 26-27, Mons.), the headland Pen-y-bdl (SM 04-4 1 , Nevem) ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 48, 1 54], and Bryn-y-bdl (SJ 25-64, Buckley, Flints.), there was a masculine noun bdl (whilst E. Davies [ 1 959: 2 1 ] offered the E. bale 'bundle, ball' as an explanation for the Flintshire name, which as it lay astride Offa's Dyke - is feasible, B. G. Charles's remark that the Pembrokeshire name could be interpreted as containing the feminine noun pdl 'spade', is made unlikely by the fact that the specifiers that were appended to it are unlenited, e.g. Pen Ball bach, Pen Ball mawr 1 758, Bal bach 1 891 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 1 48, 1 54]). The Cornish bal 'mine', more specifically 'area of tin working' may well be related, though the sense is not similar (the note by 0. J. Padel [ 1 985: 1 5] that W. bol(a) 'belly, bulge' also means 'cavity' seems to be an incorrect inference from the defmition given by GPC [s.v. bol]) . There is some support for bal meaning 'protrusion' in Breton: 1) in the Vannetais dialect with the masculine noun balog 'chin' (balog 1 93 1 , bailloc 1 723) [ 1 979 GIB: 1 93 ] ; 2) in the Leon dialect with baleg 'projection of a building' (cf. the derivative vn. balega 'projecting') [ 1 895 Rusquec s.v. baleg]. If it is accepted that bdl means 'protrusion', then it may be that a derivative adjective balog 'protrusive', was also substantiated to mean 'protrusion', this suits the Anglesey headland of Balog, but does not seem so suitable for the site of Crug-y-balog. At the present moment I do not feel that either balog 'churchman' or balog 'protrusion' have been conclusively proven. The MnW. balog, a feminine noun, is an otherwise well-attested Welsh borrowing from J\tlE. hallock, meaning 'tongue or pin of a clasp', or 'flap of a trousers/pocket/petticoat' and 'codpiece' [GPC s.v. balog2] . I favour this balog as being contained in the toponym Tafarn Falog ( 1 908 E. R. Jones: 84] or Tafam y Falog (SH 34-84, Llanddeusant, Angl. ), .

-

.

-

.

-

1 64

( 1 0) IS-COED pace Gw. M. Jones ( 1 926: 228] who interpreted it as 'the priest's tavern', though there was an nearby house called Balog (OS 1 89 1 ], now Tyddyn Falog [OS1 982] ; see Crug-y-balog (10-a), Brongaer (1 0-a). Cwmsychbant -(SN 3 32-45 8)[cwm + tn. Sychbant] ; Tir Blaen Sychbant, Tir y Sychbant 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Sychbant 1 65 1 rent, Sychbant 1 787sur map, Cwm Sychbant Gwernan' c. l 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 Dolsaint -(SN 322-465)[ dol + y + saint]; (c) Park Ddol Saint 1 787sur map, Dol Saint isa + ucha 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 270, Dol-saint 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, Dolsaint 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 p.44 There was a pool in river near Capelgwnda (10-a) called GelWJln Gwnda [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270], this may be the rocky area near Melinwnda (8-a) [inf M. Thomas], or near Do/saint (l O-b) where saint Gwyndaf left kneeling marks in the river, from the resulting holes came 'cyffur i wella pawb' [ 1 93 8 WFM MS 1 650/1 1 : 42, 44]; on Perthgerent (8-a) land [1 953 WFM MS 1650/12: 66] ; "tradition tells of a monastery . . . here . . . called Trev Sant" [ 1 903 G. E. Evans: 270) ; an old prince named Gwyndaf was buried in this meadow (1 926 WFM MS 1 650116]; cf. Capelgwnda (1 0-a), sub Llanddewi Brefi (32-a).

165

( 1 1 ) IS-COED LLANDYFR.iOG Aber -(SN 3 54-4 1 7)[aber] ; (c) Park yr Abar 1 73 7

Bronwydd MSS , Abar 1 797 Bronwydd MSS , Abar 1 8 1 3PR Llandyfriog, Abar

1 83 6PR Llandyfriog, Aber 1 83 9TMS, Aber 1 83 9TMS Llangynllo, (f pn. ) Bet yr Aber 1 904 J.Evans p.239 Refers t o the confluence o f Gwylan and

Aberdeuddwr -(SN

Cwerchyr; see Aberbanc (12-a). [aber'dej()ur E. Thomas]

3 3 5 -42 1 ) [aber + dau + dWt-];

Aberdaunant ? 1 84 1 cens. Existent [ 1 8391MS] . Refers to the confluence of the unnamed stream from

Llawgam. Abertrosoi -(SN 3 39-409)[aber + hn.

Trosol] ;

[o:ld'vikred3

0. Jones,

wejn'lan E.

Llwyncadfor ( l l -a)

with

Thomas, 0. Jones]

Vicarage OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parsonage 008 1 8 1 2, Vicarage 1 82 1 PR Llandyfriog, Aber-trosol 1 83 9TMS, AbertrosoL Vicarage 1 84 1 cens. , i Bersondy Llandyfriog 1 868 B . Williams p. 77, Vicarage 0 8 1 89 1 , The Old Vicarage, 'then' Waun Llan 1 924-26 C8RL8 2, The Old Vicarage OS 1 982 "It is said that the name of the old vicarage in the early part of the eighteenth century was Abertrosol. "

[ 1924-26 CSRLS: 2]. Renamed Gwaunllan in 1 924 as new owners came from Gwaunllan (Llanwinio, Carms.) [ 1924-26 CSRLS: 2] ; see Ficrej ( 1 1 -a). ALLT-YR-ESGOB -(8N 3 32-4 1 5) [allt + yr + esgob] ; [aU�'resk;,b, au�·r�sk;,b E. Thomas] Gallt-'r-esgob 'common' 1 8 1 5 in 1 793 sur map, Llandyfriog, (c) Alit yr Esgob OS 1 904, Alltesgob 1 924-26 CSRLS 6,

(c) Allt yr Esgob OS 1 982, (c) Allt yr Esgob 1 990 BSCL Ceredigion CL Old 3 1 6

S o named because it was the hillside in the bishop of St Davids' lordship of Dyjfrynteifi lordship of Gwynionydd Is-Cerdin

(e), facing the (e). This was originally a common of 54 acres [ 1 8391MS] which during

the nineteenth century there developed a village of (presumably) labourers and poor people on what was originally a common. At present it has coalesced with the houses that sprung up on the main road to form the village of Llandyfriog.

Comprising: 1 )

Aberdeuddwr, 2) Bryncelyn, 3) Brynhyfryd, 4) Cilrbiwau, 5) Cwmwern(i), 6) Cwmwem(ii), 7) Dyffrynteifi, 8) Frongoch, 9) Fronddel, 10) Garregwen, 1 1) Gland\Vr, 1 2) London, 13) Maeseithin, 14) Pengraig, 1 5) Plas Hill, 16) Pwllglas, 1 7) Soar, 1 8) Teifi View. Allt-fach -(SN 325-4 1 4) (allt + bach] ; [alt'va:z 0. Jones] Danrallt ? 1 84 l cens. , Allt fach (sign) b. 1 945> [inf E. Thomas] . Argoed -(SN 344-437) [ar- + coed] ; [rarg;,d ('i·Jav, 'ix,av)

0 . Jones]

Argoed 1 8 1 3PR L1andyfrrog, Argoed OS 1 834, Argoed OS 1 89 1

ATBAR -(SN 308-409)[

? ];

[atpar

0 . Jones]

Atpar 1 28 1 CalChartR p. 257, Appar 1 28 1 CalChancR (var. ) p. 208, Atpar 1 326 BB8t-David p. 2 1 4, 'burgage' Treredyn 1 548 Coedmor MS 56, Place Treredyn als. Place Howell Llywelyn Dafydd ap Ieuan 1 5 59 Coedmor MS 5 8, Trehedyn 'between Cilgwyn and Fforest Atbar' 1 563 Coedmor MS 5 9, Trehedyn 1 603-25 T.I. J. Jones ( 1 955) p. l 08 , 'borough' Treeheden 1 603-25 T.I. Jones ( 1 955) p.293, Trerhedin 1 629 Coedmor MS 85, Trehedin als. Atparte Villa 1 68 1 Coedmor MS 64, Atpar, Tre Hedyn Gawr c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 9 1 , Tre Hudyn c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p . 92, Adpar 1 830PR Llandyfr1og, Tre'-Hedyn 1 850 J.James p. 1 3

Atbar (sometimes pronounced *apar, judging by Forest Dapper 1 569, Fforest Appar 1 754 Fforest, 1 1 -a), but never pronounced Adpar [ 1 922 G. Evans: 85]) is an unique name. The facts that it was the name of a borough, as well as having a demonstrably Welsh alias - viz. Trehedyn - may mean it The name (sub

was not originally a Welsh name, though from which language, let alone which elements it was formed I

[ 1 922: 86] that J. E. Lloyd had suggested 'aftermath, second-crop', viz. A tpawr, but he rightly refuted this etymology because "we'd expect Atpor from the lip of Welshmen", the in the second syllable then being wholly irregular. In looking for a Welsh etymology we require par am at a loss to say. G. Evans noted

which may have a number of meanings, none of which seem particularly suitable (cf GPC [s.v. par]) though there may be a connection between ad- 're-, second•, and the fact that the borough of Atbar seems to have been expressly constituted by the Bishop of St Davids sometime

in

the twelfth-thirteenth

centuries (post 1 274, according to RDAT [ 1 986: 29]) to counter the already established borough o f Newcastle Emlyn that lay directly opposite it across the Teifi river. There i s no doubt that the alternative name is Welsh, and is composed of tref and probably the pn.

1 66

Hedyn,

also found in the tn.

Castellhedyn

(1 1 ) IS-COED (Hay, Brees.) [ 1 935 I. Williams: 233], cf �1W.pn. Hedyn [ 1300% CLlH: 45] ; OC. pn. Hedyn [ 1 oth_n thcen:t. Bodm.l\1anu.] ; Heten [ 1 872 RC : 1 . 3 42] ; ff7enheden [1 3 00 7'4 Uita S&�cti 1'-.Jectani in 1966 P. C. Ba.t�tru.r.TL : 29] ; OB.pns. Hitin, Heden, Gurheten, Guorheden, Jarnhiten, Jarnhithin [ 1 890 J. Loth: 1 37-3 8] . The name seems to have been understood at various times as containi..11g rhedyn 'fern', Treredyn 1 548 Treredyn 1 559 Trerhedin 1 629, Trerhedyn 1 647, or possibly hedyn 'a seed' (cf the doubtlessly emulative name Tre'r Hedyn (L1ar..pumsaint, Carms.) [ 1 623 Llanlla\vddog l\1SS: 1 7] ), but the majority of spellings (also see sub Cnwc, l l�a) L'1.dicate no in the second element or as a defmite article, and with Lhuyd's talk of a giant called Hedyn, we are safer in concluding Hedyn to be a personal�name; see Afoumt ( 1 1 -b). Fair held on L�e seventh of July [c. l 700 E. Lhuyd: 3 . 9 1 ] . Bane -(SN 327-414) [banc] ; [bagk'fa:m 0 . Jones] Scybor fa\vr 1 728PR L1andyfriog, Scubor fav.'f 1 766-67 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. l 67, Scubor-fa\\'f 1 773sur rr.ap, Bank OOS 1 8 1 1, Bank 1 8 1 9PR Llandyfr1og, Bane OS 1 834, Scybor-fa\\'f 1 83 5 ]\1.Richardson :MS 1 050-5 1 , Bank 1 83 9TMS, Scybor fawr & BaP�k 1 84 1 c.ens. , Bank Farm OS 1 904 In 1 841 [ 1 84 l cens.] D. Davies, of independent means, lived in Ysgubor-fawr, whilst E. Rees a farmer, lived in Bane. Blaen Cil-!lech -(SN 323-426)[blaen + tn. Cil-llech (l 1-a)] ; [blajki'ie:x 0. Jones, blan'ki'ie:x E. Thomas] Llwch yr Hall als. Blaen..kill Leech als. Tyr James Mason 1 773 M.Richardson MS p. 1 85, Blaen Cil Llech 1 787sur rnap, Blaen Clhch 1 803map J. Singer, Blaencillch (sic loc.) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaencillech 1 8 1 7PR Llandyfhog, Blaen-cil-llech OS1 834, Blaen-cil-llech OS 1 891 The houses from Pen!lwyn (1 1 -a) to Blaen Cil-llech were coP..sidered to be the pentref of Blaen Cil-llech [ inf. 0. .Tones] . B!aendyffryn -(SN 3 32-4 14) [tn. Blaendyffryn ( 1 2-a)] ; Blaendy:ffryn (sign) Blaengwenllan -(SN 3 37-438)[blaen + hn. GvvePJlan]; [b!ajn'gwen!an 0. Jones] Blaen Gwenlath 1 564rent, Llain Blaen Gwenllaeth 1 6 1 3 Bronwydd �T1S S, Blaen Gv.rePJla 1 65 1 rent, Llain Blaen Gwenlaeth 1 672 Bronw·jdd MSS, Blaen Gvvenllan 1 675/76 Bronwydd �v1SS, Blaengwenlaeth 1 737 Bronwydd MSS, Blaengwenllais, 'called' Llain 'pt. of Troedyrhiw (sic) 1 780 Bronvvydd MSS, Blaen GwePJlan 1 783 Bromvydd MSS, Blaengwenllan 1 793PR Troe-drour, Blaen-gwaunllan 1 796PR Troedrour, Blaen Gv-;ePJlan 1 803rnap J. Si...n..ger, BlaengwePJlan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-gwenllan OS 1 834, Blaen-gwenllan OS 1 89 1 The river referred t o i s now called Afon Cwmwern, but was also called Llawgam - at least i..'l its lower reaches. The earliest forms suggest an original Gtvenl(l)a(e)th, the being the English convention for [-�] which would naturally be elided in the final position as Blaen Gwenlla 1 65 1 (though this is a somewhat early example). The fmal attested by 1676 could well be a hypercorrection of a tendency to lose fmal ( cf cwpan � cH.pa, cyfan � cyfa etc.). However, all this is far from secure, and the meaning of *gwenl(l)a(e)th is not clear. Because of the reasons given above this Gv.'enllan does not appear to be the same name as the other two examples of Gwenllan (Uanddcusant, Carrns .; Llanofcr, Mons.) quoted by R J. Thoro..as [ 1 938: 70-7 1 ] . The form Gwenllais of 1 780 appears to emulate the many streams that have lenited glais (later wisunderstood as llais 'voice', cf a recent house-name written Mor-lais (R..l-J.ydfelin, 64-a) it1spired by the southern \Velsh h.11. A4orlais). A Breeze [2000 R. Coates et al. : 2 1 5-17] con..11ects the \l/elsh Gwenllan names with the topon:y'ffi.S Welland (Worces.), Wenelond 1 1 82, Weneland 1 190, Wenland c. l 197, Wenlond 1 326 and Vindolanda, the ancient Brittonic name of Chesterholm (Northl.Lmberland) [ 1 979 PNRB: 502]. Blaenllyn -(SN 342-43 1 )[blaen + y + llyn] ; Blaen-y-llyn OS 1 834, BlaePJlyn 1 84 1ceP..s. , Blaen-llyn O S 1 89 1 Blaennant -(SN (ii)321-423)[blaen + y + nant]; [blaj'nant 0 . Jones] Tyr Blaenynant 1 747 Cilgwyn I M..SS, Blaen Nant (Lower Division + Upper Division) 1 773sur ro.ap, Captn Lloyd's New Bam 1 787sur map, Blaennant 1 795 Cilgwyn I :r-v1SS, Blaennant OOS 1 81 1 , Blaenant 1 8 1 6PR Llandyfr1og, Blaen-nant OS 1 834, Blaen-y-pant (sic) OS 1 89 1 , BlaeP.ant O S 1 904, (c) Lon Bla'nant 1 924-26 CSRLS 6 i) SN 322-41 9. 1 773 . ii) SN 321-423. B!aen Pa..qtdafydd -(SN 34 1 - 436) [blaen + tR PantrbfYdd (11-a)]; [blajn'wm!an 0. Jones]

1 67

( 1 1 ) IS-COED Blaenpant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-pant OS 1 834, Blaenpantdar;dd 1 832PR Llandyfr1cg, Blaenpant Daf.;dd 1 843TM-S, Blaen-pant-thlfydd OS 1 89 1 , Blaenwinllan O S 1 982

Blaenwinllan, no doubt to ease con..fusion between it and Blaen Pant-y-gwenith (1 1-a) just across the road. Blaen Pant-y-gwenith -(SN 340-436)[blaen + tn. Pant-y-gv1enith (1 1-a)]; [b!ajn'pant 0. Jones] This has been changed to

Blaen Pant y Gwenith 1 820PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Blaen�pant O S 1 89 1 , Blaen�pant OS 1 982

Blaen-tir -(SN 336-444) (blaen-tir] ; Blaentyr 1 84 l cens . , Blaen-trr OS 1 89 1

Biaentrosol -( SN 346-420)[blaen + hn. Trosol]; Tyr Nant y Brcstoll 1 7 1 3 l\"1.Richardson J\1S

p. l 69, Blaentaso l OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaentrassol l 8 1 7PR Bangor,

Blaentrosol 1 8 1 9PR Llandyfriog, Blaen-trosol OS 1 83 4, Blaen-trosol OS 1 89 1

be trusted then trosol may be a popular reanalysis - cf atsol � aso/ ­ brostoll may itself be a garbled form; cf Pant y Drostall [ 1 556 F. Green MSS: 25.496], Pant Ydroscoll (unloc., Llangcedmor) [ 1 556/57 EE\V MSS], which could, itself, be interpreted as a garbled form of trosgl (m. trH.Jsgl). The form B!aentasol of 1 8 1 1 finds coP..fi..rn1ation in Nant Tysol [ l924-26 CSRLS 6]. Bro-Hedyn -(SN 3 07-4l l )[bro + tn. (Tre]hedyn] ; If the earliest form o f 1 7 1 3 i s to

however

Brohedyn OS 1 904

Trehedyn was an alias ofAtbar (l l -a). Bronfallen -(SN 3 3 8-4 1 0)[bron + yr + afallen] ; [vr:m'valen E. Thomas] cott. 1 8 1 5 in 1 793sur rnap

Bronorwen

-(SN 342-425)[bron + ?

]; [br�n'�rwen

E. Thomas]

Bron Ayn.x�en 1 564rent, Bron Yr Wen 1 6 5 1 rent, Tyr Bron Onven 1 7 1 3 M.Richardson MS p. 1 69, Brinorwen 1 724PR Llandyfr1og, Brononven 1 734PR Llandyfr1og, Bronnev1en (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bron­ oerwen O S 1 8 34, Bron-or.v-en 1 83 9TIAS, Bron-oer-wen O S 1 89 1 , Bron-onven OS 1 904 The sec.ond element seems to ID.atch the present-day f pn. expected dialectal form

*Ow-wen

Ewwen (but not Eirwen � eira + gwen), i..n its Orwen (cf Pant-houlwen, 1 4-a). However

which then regularly became

Eurwen, as a girl's name - as far as I know - is a contemporary coiPing, so that it seems unlikely that have this particular name.

If

we can ignore the 1 564 form as a folk-etymology,

making -onven

we

the

gonven, of an adjective gonvyn 'bright, resplendent', though we inkli.'lg in the vv'fitten forms of (Y) Fronorwen; cf. the unlocated tn. Allt Dolont'en 1 5 87 (BaTJil) [ 1992 PN Pembs: 3 1 ] ; hn. Gorwen, the earliest form of which is Gwrwern c . l 603 [ 1992 PN Pembs: 1 3, 78, 83] ; cf Oernant (2 1-a) for variation between . Bridgend -(SN 3 08-409)[E. bridge + end] ; [bnd3'end E. Thomas] \Ve may have the fell'..inine form,

originaL have

no

�

Y Tuy nevr;dd Yrnhen y Bont (prox.) 1 6 1 0 Cilg\V)'Il I M ...S S , Y Ty nevvydd Ymhenybont (prox. ) 1 63 1 Cilgwj'Il

I

l\1S S , The

House by Pen y Bont (prox. ) I MSS , Tir Pen y Bont

Hire (prox.) 1 702 Cilg\\')'!1

1 679/80 Cilgwyn

I

l\1S S, Tuy in Pen y Bont als. Tuy

Attpar (prox.) 1 720 Nouadd MSS , Y Ty newidd ym

Hen y Bont (prox.) 1 722 Cilgvvyn I MS S Opposite the Chinese restaurant

Brynamlwg

[iro.f. E. Thomas] .

-(SN 3 09-4 1 3)[bryn + arnlwg] ;

Br;n-arrJwg OS 1 89 1

Bryncelyn

-(SN 33 5-4 1 8)[bryn + celyn] ;

[brDJ'kelm

E. Thomas]

Brynce]yn (sign)

Bryndenven -( SN 3 05�4 1 2) [brjm + derwen] ; Br;n-denven O S 1 904, Offices OS 1 982

Bryn-mawr -(SN 3 1 0-41 4)[bryn + mawr]; [brm'mowr

E. Thorrms]

(c) Park Bryndiodde (prox. ) 1 773sur map, BI)'I1-dyoddef O S 1 891

Bryndiodde-isa

-(SN 3 1 1 -4 1 6)[brjm + y

+ dioddef (+

isaf) ] ;

[brmdi,�e'i..fa & atpar'farm, (c) hrnv,brmdi'o�

0. Jones], Atpar Hill, is c-alled' Bryn diodde' 1 850 J. James p. l 6, Bryndiade 1 876 ECE MS SD 527 1 4, Bryndioddef­ isaf OS 1 904, ar Frindiodde (dialect) 1 909 W.E. Evans, Bryndioddef 1 924-26 CSRLS 6,

(c)

i Riv·;

BI)ndioddef 1 953 \VFl\1 rvrs 1 650/12 p. 67, Br;n-diodde' 1 976 S . Gv,r.Davies p. 44, Bryndioddef-isaf + Atpar Farm OS 1 982 The

�isa

is in opposition to

Bryndiodde�ucha als. Penlon(i) ( l l-a). As

168

[1850: 16] N out of Atbar

suggested by J. James

Bryndiodde was a site of execution situated - strategically - at the top of the }ljll leading

(1 1 ) IS-COED (l l�a),

just like Highbury, the scene of many executions in the Bristol area, sited on top of St 1\.1ichaels

Hill. Sites of execution tended to be on the boundaries of borough jurisdictions

b), Banc-y-warin

�

cf

Penbryndiodde (65-

(1-b) - but this is not the c-ase with this site, it is possible that this place-name is a

rew.i.11der of an earlier and more restricted jurisdiction of At� ...r borough; cf Bryngwenith -(SN 340-434) [bryn + tn.

[Pant-y-] g•.venith ( 1 1-a)] ; [kapel ,briiJ'gwem8

Cnwc ( 1 1 -a). 0. Jones]

Bryngwenith 1 84 l cens. , Capel Bryn=gwenith (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Bryngwenith, LlangurJlo c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 278, Chapel + Vestry O S 1 982 b. l 83 4 [{). 1 902

E. R. Horsfall-Tu.rner: 278; 1 987 B. J. Rawl:iP. s: 1 07] ; enl. 1 854, 107]; by now a little village [inf. o. Jones] . Bryngwenllan -(SN 341 -43 7)[bryn + tn. [Blaen]gwenllan (l l-a)] ; [brm'gwenian

graveyard 1 867 [1 987 B. J. RawliP.s: 0. Jones]

Bryn-Gwenllan OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 89 1 -1 904 [OS 1891 ; OS 1 904]. Brynhyfryd -(SN 3 3 2-4 1 5) [bryn +

hyfryd] ; [brm'havnd

0. Jones]

BrJn.�yfi:yd (sign) Bwlch-newydd -(SN 3 48-42 l )[bwlch + newydd];

[bulx;'newi

E. Thomas, 0. Jones]

Bwlchne\\l)'dd OS 1 982 Cafn-bach -(SN 3 1 7-426)[cafn (+ bach)] ;

Cavan bach 1 72 1 Coedmor MS 5 1 8, Cavan bach 1 730PR Llandyfr1og, Cavan bach 1 773 sur map Cafn-mawr -(SN 3 1 9-427)[cafn (+

ma-\vr)] ;

[ka·van 0. Jones]

Cafan 1 700 Cilgvl)rn I MSS , Cavan mawr 1 72 1 Coedmor

MS

5 1 8, Cafanmawr 1 725PR Llandyfr1og,

Cafn-ma\\lf 08 1 834, Cafar1, Cafan-ma\\lf 1 83 9Th1S, Cefn (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Cavan-mawr O S 1 904, Cafan Farm 0 S l 982 This refers no doubt to the shape of the valley, or possibly more pa..rticularly to the southern side of the valley of the Ceri in this area. Castell HenUys -(SN 3 4 1 -409)[tn. Castell Henllys ( 1 1 -b)); [kastcl 0. Jones]

Castell Henllys 1 83 5PR Llandyfr1og, Castell OS 1 8 91

CasteUpen;-hyn -(SN 3 1 2-425) [tn. Castellpenrhyn (Lla.."ldygai, Caerns.)?];

Castell Pemyn 1 773sur map,

(c) Pen Penrhyn,

Pen Pendryn 1 924-26 CSRlS 6

By 1 839 [ 1 839TivfS] this site had been abandoned, with a holding of two fields (csl65-66) held by a certain John Morris, who also ovmed land in

Penrhyn ( l l�a) als. Penrhyn Castle Castellpenrhyn.

Atbar

(1 1 -a) [ 1 8391MS] , see

.f\.!orris Row

(1 1 -a). The house called

i.11 the village of Llandyfr1og, may have been inspired by a memory of

Cefn -(SN 3 5 1 -4 1 7){cefn] ;

Cefen 008 1 8 1 1 , Cefn O S 1 8 9 1 Cilgwyn - ( S N 3 1 2-400)[cil + gW)rn] ;

[krlgwm

0. Jones, a'pla:s E. Thomas]

Emlyn Cottage OOS 1 8 1 1 , Emlyn Cottage 1 8 1 7PR Llandyg\vy, Emlyn Cottage 1 83 9Tiv'!S, Cilgwyn OS 1 89 1 , o'r Cilgwin (dialect) 1 909 W.E. Evans, Cottage 1 924-26 C SRLS 6, Cilgwyn Hotel O S 1 982 b. bet. 1 773-1 8 1 1 [ 1 773sur map; OOS 1 8 1 1 ]; origL11ally knovvn as

Emlyn Cottage (of which there is no mention

by S. R Meyrick [ 1 808: 1 36-37]) this place had emulated the name of Hen-Gilgwyn ( 1 1 -a) by 1 89 1 .

Cilgwyn Arms -(SN 3 1 3-42 l )[tn.

Cilg\vyn (l l -a) + E.

anr..s ];

Cilgv.'Yn LL\,.rms (P. H. ) OS 1 89 1 Cii-llech -(SN 322-429)[cil + y

+ llech] ;

[ki'ie:x 0 . Jones]

Tythyn F...il y Llech 1 593 Nouadd MSS ,

Kill

Llech 1 650rent, Killlech 1 729PR Llandyfriog, Cil y Llech

1 762 F. Green MSS vol. 25 p.48, Cillech 1 773sur map, Kil-llech 1 777PR Llangynllo, Cil Llech 1 787sur map, Cillech OS 1 89 1 , Cillech 1 8 1 7PR Llandygv.J', Cil-llech OS 1 834, Cil Llech 1 839Tl\1S, Cil-llech OS 1 89 1 Cilrhiwau -(SN 3 3 1 -4 1 5) [t n Cilrhiwau (Manordeifi, Pembs.)] ;

[kd'riWe E.

Thow..as, krl 'hriWe 0. Jones]

inf Cf

Cilrhiwau (14-a).

Cnwc -(SN 3 1 0-41 0)[cnwc] ;

in 1 922 G.Evart..s p.85, Y Tuy ar y Cnoock in Trehedyn 1 6 1 0 in Trehedin 1 63 1 Cilgwyn M....SS , Y Tuy yn Trerhed;rn 1 647 Nouadd MS S , Ty ar y Knwck in Trehedin 1 722 Cilgvvyn I M�S , Atpar Hill l 822 l\1.Richardson M....S 208, Adfar

Y

Ty ar y Cnwc in Trehedyn 1 6 1 0/1 1

Cilgwyn MSS ,

Y

Ty ar y Knwck

Hill 1 824 Brom\)'dd l\1SS, Cnwc ? 1 827PR L1andyfhog, Adpar Hill l 83 3 BRi\ ( 1 955) l\1S S p. 88, Atpar

1 69

(1 1 ) IS-COED Hal1 1 832 Bronv.)'dd J\1SS, Atpar Hil1 1 833 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p. 550, A dpar Hil1 1 839TI.1S, Adr­ hill 1 84l cens., Ad�....r OS 1 891 EYistent [ 1 773sur map] . The building of a..11 "elegant villa" [ 1 83 3 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): L550] is likely to explain the clt.ange of name from Cnwc to Atbar Hill. IneYistent [ os 1 904] ; refers to Afownt (1 1-b). The name At bar Hill generally referred to Rlziw Bryndiodde (see sub Bryndiodde-isa, 1 1-a) . Coedlannau -(SN 342-409)[coedlannau] ; (k:ljd'lane 0. Jones] Coedlarm.au OS 1 982 Tltis P.ame (possibly emulating Coedlannau, 1 5-a) replaced Perth-y-fedwen as the farmh.ouse [inf o. Jones] . Corrws-fach -(SN 3 5 1 -4 1 2) [ ? (+ bach)] ; C\VIT\vs-fach O S 1 834, Cv.lfrws-fach 1 839T1\1S, Feli11 C\\lfrws (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Cwrnvs O S 1 982 Since at least 1 891 this place has been known as A1elin Cant's; see A1elin Con-t'S ( 1 1 -a). Corrws-fawr -(SN 3 47-41 8)[ ? (+ mawr)] ; [kurus E. \Villia..111.s , kurus 0 . Jones] Korrws, Parke Korn.vs 1 564rent, or Gorws c. 1 600 Egerton MS 1 586 p. 74, Cornvs c. 1 603 in 1 948 �JLWJ vol. 5 p.272, Corrwis 1 65 1 rent, T)lf Park Cwrv.,IS 1 71 3 J\1.Richardson 1\1S 1 69, Cwrrws va\\lf 1 725 BRA. ( 1 955) J\1S S p.48, Cv.lfnvs 1 768 Llanllyr J\1SS, C\\lf\vsfav.'f OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cvvrnvs 1 8 1 7PR Llandyfriog, Cwrrws fawr OS 1 834, Cwrws-fawr OS 1 89 1 The affection o f t o due t o vowel harmony is regularly found in CardigaP.shire Welsh, cf. morthwyl ---+ mur&l, botwn ---+ butun. The meaning of this P.ame is obscure to me, though it appears to contain the root cor 'short', as for the ending, cf. Gwnnwys (53-a), and J1.1abws als. 1vfab-wys (4 9-a); cf. •.

Cant'S (SN 42�3 1 , Llanfih2r_.gel�ar�ar+.h, Carms.). Cros -(SN 3 40-414)[cros] ; [kr:ls E. Thomas, kr;>s'ro�d

0. Jones] Groes-ffordd O S 1 834, Croes-ffordd 1 83 9Th1S, Cross Ffordd 1 84l cens. , Cross Roads (P.H. ) OS 1 89 1 , Cross Roads OS 1 982 This name demonstrates that the original term croes.ffordd \vas supplanted by eros, see Pencros (8�b). Cwmdu-isa -(SN 3 09-426)(cwm + du (+ isaf)]; Cwm-du-isa 1 773sur map Cwmdu-ucha -(SN 3 1 1 -427)[cvnn + du (+ uchaf)] ; [ kom di : 0. Jones] Cwm�du�ycha 1 773sur map, Cwmdu, Cwmdu 1 83 9Tl\1S, Y Cwmdu 1861 Brython p.2 1 7, o'r Cwmdu 1 868 B.\Villiams p. 3 1 0, Ty=newydd OS 1 89 1 , (c) Cvnndu (prox. bridge) & Cwmdu Cottage O S 1 982 The name is the same as an alias of Abersylltyn (7-a) some 300m away; composed of �5 cottages [1 861 Brython: 21 7]; a pentre at one time [inf E. Thomas] . Cwmwem( i) -(SN 33 5-41 8)[cv.m + y + gwem] ; [kom'wern, now wern'de:g & tegvan E. Thow.as] C>vvmwern 1 8 14PR Llandyfr1og, Cwm-wern OS 1 89 1 , \Verndeg + Tegfan (sign) Cwmwem( ii) -(SN 3 3 5-420)[tn. Cwmwern (i) (1 1 -a)] ; [kum'wern 0. Jones] C\\m-v·;ern OS 1 982 Cwrcoed -(SN 305-4 1 6)[cwr + y + coed]; [kur'k:l·jd E. Thorr..as, 0. Jones] C\\rr y Coed 1 58 1 Cilgvvyn I MSS, Kwr y Koed 1 581 Coedmor MS 64, Tir Cwr y Coed 1 623 Coedmor M.S 554, Tir Cur y Coed 1 629 Coedmor MS 85, Cwrr y Coed 1 640 Coed.rnor MS 5 56, Tir Cvifrr y Coed 1 670/7 1 Coedmor MS 94, Tyr Cur y Coed 1 679/80 Cilgv;yn I MSS , Tyr Cur y Koed 1 688 Coedmor l\18 97, Carycoed 1 700 CilgW'Jil I MSS , Currey Coed 1 721 Coedmor M.Ji 5 1 8, Curry Coed 1 72 1 Cilgw•;n I MS S, Cv.rycoed 1 728PR Llandyfriog, Cv.lfcoed 1 773sur map, Cv.'fcoed 1 785 Cilgwyn I J\1S S, Gv.'fcoed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cvv'f-coed OS1 834, Cvv-rcoed 1 83 5PR Llandyfriog, Cv.lf�coed OS 1 89 1 , Cwrcwed (dialect) 1 899 D.E. Jones p. 1 20, at G\\rrcwed (dialect) 1 909 W.E.Evans Ddoi -(SN 332-41 1 )[y + dol] ; [3o:l 0. Jones] Dol y Velin 1 578 Nouadd 1\1SS, Ddol 1 823PR Llandyfriog, Ddol Rectory 1 825PR Llandyfri:og, Ddol 1 839Tl\1S, Ddol OS 1 891 Ddolbica -(SN c. 3 1 4-408)[y + dol + pica]; Y Ddol Bicka 1 6 1 0 CilgW';n I l\1SS , Ddol Bicka vach 1 625/26 Cilgvo.'Yn I MSS, Y Ddol Bycka 1 63 1 Cilgwyn l\1SS, Y Ddol Bicki..r1 1 647 Nouadd l\1SS, Y Ddole Bicca 1 679/80 Cilgwyn I MSS, Y Ddol Byiia 1 688 Coedmor J\1S 97, Y Ddol Bicka vawr 1 722 Cilgwyn I MJiS, (c) Ddol Bicca 1 773sur rrmp In borough of At bar [ 1 688 Coed.'llor MS 97] ; the pica refers to the marked meander of the river Tei:fi, upon approacr..i.."lg Newcastle Emlyn (Cann s.). Derwen Gardens -(SN 305-412) [tn. [Bryn]denven (l l -a) + E. gardens] ; Denven Gd11s O S 1 982 '

170

( 1 1 ) IS-COED A housing estate.

Derwenlas

-(8N 3 3 0-4 1 4) [derwen + glas];

[derwen'la:s

0. Jones]

Derwenlas (sign)

Dolau-Llawgam

-(8N 3 3 3 -4 1 3)[dolau + hn. Llawgam] ;

(do·le

0. Jones]

Dol Llawgam 1 73 1PR Llandyfri:og, Dolau-Llawgam 1 8 1 5 in 1 793sur map, Dolellawgam 1 820PR Llandyfri:og, Doleu-Llawgam, Dolau-Llawgam 1 8 3 91M8, Dol-ellau-gam 0 8 1 8 9 1 , Dolau-llaw-gam 08 1 904

DOigoch

-(SN c.3 00-41 5) [dol + coch];

'Y Ddol-goch' fl. l 3 65 DG p. 3 6, Place y Ddol Goch 'at Atbar' 1 548 Coedmor M8 57, Park y Ddol Goch 1 570 Coedmor M8 63, Dole Goche 1 58 1 Coedmor MS 64, Tir y Ddolgoch 1 6 1 0 Cilgwyn I M88, Dolgoch 1 621 Coedmor M8 68,

Y Ddol Goch 1 63 9 Cilgwyn I M8 8, The Dolegoch 1 700 Cilgwyn I

MS8 , Dolegoch 1 72 1 Coedmor M8 5 1 8, Dolegoch isha 1 722 Coedmor MS 1 1 2, (c48) Ddol Goch, (c25) Ddol GOch ycha 1 773sur map, Dolgoch 1 832PR Llandyfriog,

Y Ddolgoch ? (dialect) 1 909 W.E.Evans,

(c) Ddolgoch 1 924-26 CSRL8 6

This is doubtlessly the location of the Dolgoch mentioned in Dafydd ab Gwilym's poetry as the residence of his uncle Llywelyn ab Gwilym, who was at the time constable of Newcastle Emlyn. It is a likelier candidate than Dolgoch (7-a), 4km N of Newcastle Emlyn

[pace c. l 757 L. Morris: 1 25 ; B. Williams in 1 86 1 Brython: Dolgoch (SN 3 5 1 -401 , Llangeler, Carms.), 4km E of Castell­ newydd [pace 1 899 D. E. Jones: 98-100, map fac. p . l ; c . l 950 E. S. James: 4; 1984 D. J. Bowen: 165] (the latter location being identified with nearby Llys-newydd (SN 3 53-399) by T. Parry [ 1 952: xv] ; after D. E. Jones [ 1 899: 99]) 1 66; 1 903 G. Evans : 27; 1 967 S. Gw. Davies: 58-59 ] , or

The description " I'th lys deg yn Emlyn" seemingly places it on the Carmarthenshire side, but the course o f the Teifi may have changed i n this place since the fourteenth century (cf Nevertheless, it is this

Dolgoch - the

nearest place, as well

as

Castell Henllys,

1 1 -a) .

being a sixteenth century mansion - that

best suits a residence of a medieval constable of Newcastle Emlyn

Dyffrynteifi -(8N 3 32-4 1 4)[dyffryn + hn.

Teifi];

[d1frm

0. Jones]

Dyffryn Tei:fi (sign)

Eaglebush

[ig�l'buJ

-(8N 3 3 9-409) [E . eagle + bush];

Eaglebush

0. Jones]

inf

Existent [ 1 8391MS ] . It would seem that this name in Llandyfri:og was inspired partly by the nearby Allt-yr­

erydd (1 1 -b),

and partly by the mansion called Eaglesbush (SS 75-96, Neath, Glaros.) which was the home since

at least c. 1 700 to a wealthy coal-owning family named Evans. This is made likelier by the fact that

H. E . of Castellhywel (14a) [ 1824 D . Davis: 1 90 ] , which seems to imply that he had connections with Cardiganshire. The tn. Llwyn-yr­ eryr (Llandough, Glaros.) was suspected by Gw. 0. Pierce [ 1 968: 1 1 7] of being an emulated name. Fairview -(SN 3 09-4 1 0)[E. fair + viewt Evans, of Eaglesbush (Neath, Glaros.), was a subscriber t o Telyn Dewi by Dafydd Dafis

Fairview 08 1 89 1 , Llanybri 08 1 904

Ffatri Aber -(SN 3 54-4 1 8) [ffatri + tn.

Aber[banc] (1 3-a)] ;

[fatrilabarlbaiJk, fatri'aber E.

Thomas]

Woollen Factory O S 1 8 9 1

Fforest -(8N 3 0 1 -4 1 7) [fforest]; Forest of Atbar 'to w of Atbar' 1 563 Coedmor M8 5 9, Forest Dapper 1 569 Coedmor M8 69,

Y Fforest

Attpar 'on W' 1 63 7 Coedmor MS 8 9, Tyr Fforest Attpar 1 63 9 Cilgwyn I MS 8, At Par Forrest 1 685rent, The Forrest 1 700 Cilgwyn I MSS, The Fforrest 1 72 1 Cilgwyn I MS8, Forest 1 72 1 Coedmor M8 5 1 5, Forest Attparr 1 722 Coedmor M8 1 1 2, Fforest 1 727PR Llandyfr!og, Tythin Fforest Appar 1 754 Cilgwyn I MS8 , Forest F. 008 1 8 1 1 , Forest 008 1 8 1 2, Fforest 0 8 1 834, Forest 1 83 9TM8, Fforest 0 8 1 89 1 , a'r Fforest (dialect) 1 909 W.E .Evans, Fforest isaf & uchaf 1 924--26 C8RL8 6 Leased to John Lloyd, Cilgwyn [ 1 685rent] ; rents

Ffrwdwen

-(8N 3 1 0-408) [ffrwd + gwen] ;

from Fforest Atbar [ 1 876 ECE MS SD 527 14 ] . [emhn'faktri E. Thomas]

Ffrwdwen Atpar 1 834PR Llandyfri:og, Ffrwd-wen Factory (Woollen) 08 1 89 1 , (c) Ffrwd Wen, Ffrwd Wen ganol (prox. ) 1 922 G.Evans p. 60

was established [inf. E. Thomas ] . [fm:m'vajr 0. Jones, O.Rees]

This was a thatched cottage before the factory

Ffynnonfair -(SN 344-446)[ffynnon + f pn.

Mair] ;

FfYnnon Vayer 1 65 1 rent, Tir Ffynnon Vair 1 684 Bronwydd M88, Ty'r Ffynnon Faer c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 9 1 , Ffinnon Vayre 1 734 Bronwydd MSS, Ffynnon vawr 1 743 Bronwydd M8 S, FfYnon vawr 1 743

171

(1 1 ) IS-COED Bromvydd l\1S S , Ffynnon Fair 1 782PR Llangynllo , 1 8 1 8PR L1angynllo , Ffyrt..non-fair 1 845TMS, Ffya11on-fair OS 1 89 1 See Llanfair Trejlygen (1 1 -a). Ffynnonoer -(SN 3 1 3-425)[£fynnon + oer]; Ffynnon Oer 1 73 1PR Llandyfr1og, Ffynt1onoer 1 760CF, Ffynnon Oer 1 773 sur map, 008 1 8 1 1 , Ffynnonor 1 83 3PR Llandyfr1og Ficrej -(SN 3 3 1 -4 1 3)[E. vicarage]; [vdc..red3, now gri:n'h�rst 0. Jones] Bromvydd MSS, Finnon Vair 1 776

Ffynno nfair

O OS 1 8 l l , Ffh:nnon Fair

Ff.;tJ...'1onore

Vic. O S 1 982

Th..is replaced the older vicarage at Abertrosol (ll-a). Fronddei -(SN 3 3 5�42 1 ) [y + bron + de l] ; [vr:m'i')e:l E. Thomas,

0. Jones]

Fron-dale OS 1 89 1

Frongoch

-(SN 3 34-41 6)(y + bron + coch] ;

Vrongoch

1 814PR Llandyfr1og,

[vr:Jg'go:x E .

Thomas,

br:Jg'go:z 0.

Jo nes]

Frongoch (sign)

Garregwen(i) -(SN 3 3 3-424)(Llwchrhal) [y + c.arreg + gwen] ; [gareg'wen E. Thomas, 0. Jones] Y Game Wen ? 1 552 Bronwydd MSS , Garreg Atpar 1 8 28PR L1andyfhog, Gareg-wen OS 1 891 Garregwen(ii) -(SN 309-4 1 2)(LAtbar)[y + carreg + gwen] ; Garreg-wen OS 1 904 Gat Atbar -(SN 3 09-41 2) [gat + tv_ Atbar (1 1 -a)] ; Newcastle Tumpi.lce Gate 1 773 sur map, T. Gate OOS 1 8 1 2, Atpar Gate 1 8 1 4PR Llandyfr1og, Turnpike 1 820PR Llandyfriog, Adpar Toll House 1 924-26 CSRLS 6 Gat Henhafod -(SN 3 1 5-400) [gat + tn. HenJ:...afod ( 1 1 -a)] ; [Cc) t:lp,hnw'ga:t (part of road below Henhafod) E . Thoro..as] T.P. O S 1 89 1 , Gat Henhafod 1 924-26 CSRLS 6

Pontceri (l 1 -a)] ; in Cwmcoy 1 947 TS 21/1 1/47 Glandlvr -(SN 334-41 7) [g 1an + y + dV.T] ; [ian'du:r E. Thmnas] Gat Pontceri

-(SN 296-41 9)[gat + tn.

T.P. O S 1 8 9 1 , The 'Gate'

L.andwr (sign)

Goedengam -(SN 3 3 0-4 1 4) [y + coeden + cam] ; [g:Jjden'gam, nmv derlujn E. Thomas ] 1.'1£ Hen-Gilgwyn -(SN 3 1 6-41 8)[(hen +) cil + gwyn] ; [he:n'gdgwm E. Thomas, o:ld'kdgwr_n 0. Jones] ¥Jlg\vyn 1 546 NLW �AS 291 2 p . 7, Y Kilgwyn c. 1 569 RepWl\ASS vol. 1 pt.2 p. 895, Keilgwyn 1 576 Bronvl';dd M_.SS, ¥Jlgv.')'n 1 578map C. Saxtm1, Kilgwin 1 583 Nouadd JV!SS , Killg\'vyn 1 625/26 Cilg\\')'ll I �.1SS , Kil Gv.ynn 1 685rent, Killgwynn 1 760map E.Bowen, F...ilg\V)-T..ll 1 760CF, Killg\\'yntt 1 765rnap E . Bo wen

I

et al. , Kilg>vvyn

1 767PR Llandyfr1og,

Kilgwynn,

Kilgwyn 1 773sur rr.ap, C ilgwyn 1 795 Cilgvvyn

MS S, Cilg-wyn 1 803map J. Singer, Cilgwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cil-gwy:n OS 1 834, Cilgwyn 1 83 9TMS, Cilgwyn

OS 1 89 1 , Old Cilgwy:n O S 1 904

Teifi; c£ Cilgwyn (1 1-a). Henhafod -(SN 3 14-400)[hen + hafod] ; [kdgwm'bd3 0. Jones] (cs48, 5 1�52) Park Hen-havod, Park bach Hen=havod 1 773sur map, Henhafod 1 829PR Llandyfr1og, Hen The location of this place is quite a large 'nook' abutting on the valley of the river

Hafod OS 1 834, S outh Lodge OS 1 89 1 , East Lodge OS 1 904, R.hen Hafod (dialect) 1 909 W. E.Eva:ns

I have assu..rned that the site of Henhafod was (c276) [ 1 839Th.1 S], wPich in the later ni..1t1e eenth century was a lodge to Cilgwyn (1 1-a); cf Gat Henhafod (1 1 -a). L!ai."l -(SN 349-42 1 ) [llai.'1] ; [lajn, iajn'br3nwi E. Thmr..as, tajn'br3n\n{') 0. Jones] BlaengwevJlais (sic), 'called' Llai:n 1 780 Bromvydd MSS , Cwrrws Bav..k, Currus Bav..k (prox. ) 1 803 Bro mvydd MSS, (c) Llainymyrron 'pt. of Currus BaP.k 1 82 1 Bronwydd MSS, Llain 1 8 1 3PR Llandyfri:og, Llain OS 1 834, Llain OS 1 89 1

Troed-y-rhiw (l l-a) [ 1780 Bromvydd MSS], but a s its site was at the head of the stream Trosol, the unsuitable alias Blaengwenllais seems to stand for Blaengwenllan (l l�a). The 1 821 form is for Llainymryson 'the s lang of dispute', and it was in dispute between Bronwydd (1 3-a) and Penbeili-bach (1 1 a) [ 1 821 Bromvydd ·Mss] , a dispute won by Bromvydd judging by the present designation as Llain Bromvydd. Llai.-.garreglwyd -(SN (ii)3 34-437)[!1ai.11 + y + carreg + llwyd] ; [!ajn 0. Jones, iajn'gareg '!ujd 0. Rees, 0. Jo nes] Llain, Llain-garreg- h\yd OS 1 834, Llaingarreglwyd 1 83 3PR Llandyfr1og, Llain OS 1 891 , Llain Garregllvv'yd O S 1 904, Llain Garregllwyd 0Sc. 1 95 0, (pn ) Dafi Dafis Llain als. Sar y Llain 1 963 D . Davies This 'Nas part o f

& W. T. Hughes p. 3 1 , Greystone OS 1 982

1 72

(1 1 ) IS-COED i) SN 332-436. 1 839. ii) SN 334-437. Llandyfriog(i) -(SN 322-4 1 1 )[1lan + pn. Tyfr1og] ; [reglus 0. Jones] a Thyuriawc yg Keredigyawn Is Coet 1 200% ByS p. 57, Lantheveryok 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Llandebriauk 1 3 5 5 NL\:V l\.1S 1 404-E p. l l 1 , Llande-vriok 1401 ERSt-David p. 206, Llandevrioke 1 53 5 VE p. 395, Llandivrieoge 1 550 Nouadd l\.1S 340, Dyfrioc c. 1 566EPC, Llandevrriok 1 569 Cilgwyn I 1\1SS, Llandeureog 1 578ro..ap C. Saxton, 'Llandyfriog' 1 587 Nouadd MSS, Llandevriogg 1 607 Prob. St-David, Llandeveriog 1 629 Cilgv.;yn I M�S, Llandevriogg 1 650rent, Llandevriog 1 698 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 0, L!andefriog c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 92, Llandufriog c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p.91 , Lhanddv.rfreiog c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 92, LlandevPJOg 1 72 1 E. Saunders pp. l 34-37, Llandevryogg 1 72 1 Cilgvl}rn I J\t1SS, Llandevriog 1 739 Pengelli 1\1SS, Llandyfriog 1 747PR Llandyfr1og, Llandyfriog 1 760map E.Bmven, Llanydfjriog 1 79 1 Bromvydd �ASS, Llandyfjfiog 1 792 Bronwydd lVISS, Llandefriog 1 796 Bromvydd MSS, Llandifriog 1 797 Bromvydd MS S, Plwyv Dyvnog (sic) 1 799EPC, Llandifriog 1 803map J. Si.11ger, Llandivriog 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. l 36, Llandyfriog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llandyfriog Church 1 81 5 in 1 793sur w.ap, Lland\vriog 1 823 Manordeifi MSS p. 1 0, Llan Dyvr1og 1 833 S .Le\:vi.s ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. 55, Llandifriog 1 834PR Henllan, Church 1 839TJ\If..S, St. Dyfriog's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Ch OS 1 982 Dedicated to T}frlog [ 1 808 S. R. Meyrick: 1 87]; G[wyl] D}friog, abad, first of May [1 500¥2 Dem.Calend.] . Accor ding to the older Breton Uita Sancti Biioci [c.850(l l t� . ent.): 164] Brioccius was a native of Ceredigion, his parents being Cerpus and Eldmda. He is the patron saint of St Brieuc (Cotes-d'Annor, Brittany), St Breock (Cornwall), and was also culted at St Briavels (Gloucs.), whose former name was Little Ly&1ey. "Significantly, perhaps, there was a Romano-British dedication to Nodens \vho again appears as Nudd Hael i...'1 Tyfriog's Welsh pedigree. This may mean that the sai..."lt's origin's were ultimately mythologicaL which vvould be in line vvith the occurrence of his feast on 1 May, one of the mai..'l . festivals of the pagan Celtic calendar. " [ 1 994 P. 6 Riain: 395], the south-eastern Wales connection of his antecedents is made by a later medieval Welsh tradition with Tyfri'og being the son of Dingad ab Nudd Hael [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 1 87], his father Dingad, probably to be equated with the eponym of Llanddingad (Ivions.), and Llandingad (Carms.), though one pedigree makes Dingad the son of Brychan of Brycheinog [1 967-70 M. Richards: 95]. There was a popular etymology of Llandyfri'og first noted by E. Lhuyd [c.l700: 3 . 92 ] : "Tis derived quasi Lhanddl1-freiog because it is just by the river Teifi which is famous for its eogiaid Anglice 'saLmons'.", is wholly Lflcorrect, but accounts for the placement of the figure of a salmon rather than a cockerel on the top of the church's spire. The church is separate from the present village of Llandyfri'og(ii) ( 1 1 -a). LLAl'.1J>YFRiOG(ii) -(SN 330-41 4)[tn. Llandyfriog(i) (ll-a)]; {lamh'vdrj:;g T. S. :M:ofiis, landd'VdljJg 0. Jones, 0. Rees] Llandyfriog OS 1 89 1 , Llandyfriog OS 1 982 See Pentre Llandyfri'og ( 1 1 -a). Compri.si.11g: l) .ALLT-YR-ESGOB, 2) .AJlt-fach, 3) Bane, 4) Den:venlas, 5) Goedengam, 6) Penba.flc, 7) Penrhyn, 8) Pensarn�u, 9) Tanffordd, 1 0) TY-newydd. L!anfair Treflygen -(SN 343-441 )[llan + fpn. 1\!Jair + tP� Treflygen] ; [!anver,tre'vligen 0. Jones] 'rectorem' Treflyg�n 1 3 55 NL\lf J\.1S 1 404-E p. l l l , 'Llanfair Trelygen' 1 54 1 /42 Coedmor 1\1S 270, Llanvayre Treflygen 1 552 Bronwydd l\.1SS, Llanveir Trelygen 1 562 Bromvydd 1\tf...S S , Llanvair Dreve Lygen, Treflygen (prox. ) 1 564rent, Ll. Fair Tref Lygen c. l 566EPC, Llanfair Trelegen 1 568 NT�W MS 2912 p.3 1 , Llanuaier Treligon 1 578map C. Saxton, Llanfair Treligen 1 596 NLW MS 2912 p. 65, Llanffair Tref Helygen c. 1 600 L.Dw'P..n vol. 1 p. 83, Llanvair Helygen c. 1 600 L.Dv.T..n vol. l p. l 9, Llanvair Trev!ygen 1 6 1 3 Bronwydd 1\1SS, Llanvair Treflygen, (c) Llain Keven Llanvair 1 641 Bronwydd MSS, (c) Llain Keven Llanvaire 1 64 1 Bromvydd MSS, Trewligen, (c) Lline Trewligen (prox.) 1 65 1 rent, Llanvair Drefligen 1 670 Bronwydd � 1SS, Llanvair Treflygan 1 675/76 Bronwydd MSS, Llanfaer Trefleigen c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p.93 , Llanvayre Trehy Lygen 1 734 Bromvydd MSS, Lanvayre Trelygen 1 736 Nouadd MSS , Llanvair Trefligen, (c) Llain Kevan Llanvair 1 73 7 Bronwydd MSS, Llanvertreheligon 1 743 Bronwydd MSS, Llanvair Trelygen 1 747PR Llandyfr1og, Llanvair Treflugen 1 754 Bromvydd 1\1S S , Llamvayre Trehy Lygen 1 758 Bromvydd J\1SS, Llanver Treligon 1 760IT'.ap E.Bowen, Llanver Treflugen 1 776 Bron\\ydd 1\1S S, Llanfair Trefligen 1 779 Bronv.ydd 1\1S S, Llanvair Treffiugen 1 783 Bronv.ydd l\ASS, Llanvair Trefhelyngen 1 784 Beckingsale �,..1SS vol 1 p.44, Llanver Trelygen 1 79 1 Bronw•jdd MS S , Llanvair Trev Lygen 1 799EPC, Llanvair Trelygon 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 138, Llan Fair Tre Lygon 1 8 1 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan Fair Tre Lygon, Llanfer Trefligen OOS 1 8 1 1 , LlaP£air Treflygen OS1 8 34, Llanfair ..

1 73

(1 1 ) IS�COED 1 830PR Llandyfriog, Llanvair�Trelygon 1 83 3 S. Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p.5 50, Llan-fair�Tref-helygen 1 833 S .Lewis ( 1 850 e.dn) vol.2 p. 121, Llanfair-Treflygen, St. M..ary's Church (in ruins) OS 1 891 , Llanvair Trevlygen als. Trev-helygen c. 1 902 E.R.Horsfall-Turner p.208, St. M.-ary's Church 0Sc. l950, Llanfair Trefhelygen 1 966 CER vol.5 p. 3 86 A chapel annexed to Llandyfriog [ 1747PR Llandyfuog] ; ruined and disused c. l 758, from evidence of gravestones [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu..'ner: 208]; "The church. . . \Vas suffered to fall into decay many years ago, for \Vant of due repair. " [ 1 8 3 3 S. Lev.'is (1 850 edn): 2.1 21); see F.fynnonfair ( l 1-a). The etymology \Vith helygen 'willow-tree' is very tempting, and ,�rould be very regular according to Welsh phonetics, but the forw..s with the requisite or appear o pJy i.11tewittently, and not amongst the earliest forms, and this does cast doubt However no other etymology can be offered, the pn. Llugan cannot be deduced from the frrst form which is a traP.script (rather than an original document), and \Vhose reading is uP.sure. The 1 784 form Trejhelyngen is rerni."liscent of some dialectal variants of llugaeron � llyngoeron . Lloyd Terrace -(SN 306-41 1)[E. sn. Lloyd + E. terrace] ; Llo yd Terrace OS 1 89 1 Thomas Lloyd, Cilgwyn ( 1 1 -a), mvned the land (1773surmap]. Llwchrhil-isa -(SN 3 3 1 -428)[llwch + yr + hal (+ isaf)] ; [lu:x,3,ra:l'i·Ja, formerly iu:x�,ra:l'de·vis 0. Jones, iu:x,a'hra:l E. Thorrm.s] Tyr Llwch yr Hael 1 7 1 3 MRichardson MS p. 1 69, Llwchyrall 1 760CF, L!wchyr Hall als. Blaen.kill Leech als. Tyr James M�son 1 773 M.Fichardson MS p. l 85, Llwchyrhal issa OOS 1 8 l l , Lhvchyrhall-issa �ll 1 81 4PR Llandyfriog, Llwchyral l 8 1 5PR Troedrour, Llwchyrhall l 8 16PR PR Lla..11dy:fr1og, Llwch yr F 1 828PR Llangynllo, Llwch yr Hal 1 829PR Llandyfriog, Llwch-yr-hal- isaf OS 1 834, Llwchyrhalisa 1 834PR Llandyfr1og, Llwch'r-hal-isaf 1 8 3 9Tl\1S , Lhvch-yr=rnl OS 1 891 The element hal is found in the early twelfth century documents from south-eastern Wales, apparently with the meaning 'moor' (GPC s.v. ha13], tho ugh this seems to be only coPjecture on the part of GPC. A cognate term hal was com.11o1 n in Cornish meani.11g 'w..arsh', \vhich as 0. J. Padel [1985: 1 25] notes seems to be derived from a concept of 'dirty/standing \Vater', and originally 'dirt', cf OW. haloii 'dungs', OB. haloc 'dark', OI. sal 'dirt', salach 'filthy', perl1aps related to L. satiua [DGVB: 206). The Llandyfr'iog toponym refers to a tributary di..'lgle of the Llawgam river, of about 500m in length with a sn1all stream running t hrough it, unlikely to refer to a moor, so that the meaning of hal is probably one of the earlier ones, viz. 'marsh; stagp..ant \Vater; di.rt'. I. Williams (1 945: 58-60] w..ade an irrefutable case for llwch to mean 'stagrmnt body of water1 as opposed to llyn 'lake' (wf.ich suits the Cofllish and Breton examples of the \VOrd loch, which tend rr..aiPJy to be coastal pools [ 1986 o. I. Padel: 152; 1 975 B. Tap..guy: 96]; cf Cil-!lw.Jch (4-a). In conclusion I am in broad agreement with J. Rhys who a century ago [ 1 896 Cyrnru: 1 1 . 1 5 1 ] explained L r.vchrhal as 'llyn y llaid', comparing hal -...-.h ..rit a derivative halogi. H. Owen [ 1 936: 4.455] thought L lmt'esheli (SN 90-49, Brees.) might contaL.""l a plural of this very hal; see sub Llanbadarn-favv'r (66-a). The Cornish hal is supposed to have developed to mean 'moor', and later 'upland, hill' [1985 O. J. Padel: 125] , though I suspect that the later forw.s meaning 'hill', such as hal bian 'hillock' [ 1 707 E. Lhuyd: 1 72a ], and halou 'hills' [ 1 707 E. Lhuyd: 245a] are derived from E . hill as attested in MC. as hellov (though the vocalism of the hal, halou forms of E. Lhuyd cannot be regularly explained). 0. J. Padel [1 985: 1 25 ] notes that: "l\1ost of the places called Pen.'mle are at the heads of marshy streams, or (i..'1 some cases) on valley sides, between the stream and the upland. "; cf Penna! (sub Blaenpennal, 9-a). The identification of the second element with the noun a/ 'calving' (B. al) is c-Onditional on the date of development of the south-western pronunciation hal (E. Lhuyd in 1 70 7 noted only al [ GPC s.v. al1 ]). Even if feasible, the meaning 'calving' is unli.lcely. If \Ve tmst the si.11gle earliest form of 1 71 3 v.re may have the meaning hael 'bounteous, generous', which see:rns only likely if Yr Hael refers to a person, rather than to the lhvch itself Llwchrhal-ucha -(SN 3 3 1 -43 1 ) [ llwch + yr + hal (+ uchat)] ; [1-u:x;},ra:l'IJC:aV 0. Jo nes] Llwchyrhal ucb..a OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwch-yr-hal-uchaf 0S l 834, Llwchyrhal ucha 1 83 2PR Llandyfnog, Lhvch'r­ hal-uchaf 1 83 9Th1S, Llwch-yr-hal-uchaf O S 1 891

Llwyncadfor �(SN 3 3 9- 42 7) [ llv.yn + pn. Cadfor]; [lujn'kadv=>r E. Thomas, 0. Jones] Lloyn Cadwr 1 564rent, Lloyn Kadvor 1 593/94 Cilgwyn I M..SS, Llwin Cadvor 1 65 1rent, Lhvyn Cadfo r 1 670 CD 60, Llwyn Cadvor c . 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt .3 . p. 93, Llwyncadfo r 1 8 1 0PR Penbryn, Llwyncadfor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lhvyn-cad-for OS 1 834, Ll¥-'Yfl Cadfor 1 843 TMS There was talk of cadarnfh,Fyth Caduor and lh,Fyth cadarn Cadfor in a southern Ceredigion context by the thirteenth century poet Prydydd Bychan [1 996 Rh. M. i\ndre\vs et al. : 1 1 2 , 146], as well as llwyth Cadfor by 1 74

( 1 1 ) IS-COED the fourteenth centur; poet Llyv,;relyn Ddu ab y Pastard [1 996 A. P. Owen: 1 91 ] , which may have a connection vvith the Cadfor in this place-name. Contrary to the view expressed by .l\1. E. Owen ( 1 996 Rh. M. Andrews et a/. : 1 1 5] , Cadfor is not a reduction of the pn. Cadifor, but is derive-d from c-ad + m6r, found in OW as Catmor [c. l 1 40 LL: 279] ; cf Ca4for (SO 27-1 4, Lla11foist, Mons.). L�ndon -(SN 333-423)[E.tn. London] ; [l�nd�n, } 1 900 in 1 9 1 2 TS 02/08/ 1 2, Penbont O S 1 904

Pencnwc

-(SN 363-407) [pen + y + cnwc];

Peny Cnwck 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS , Penycnwck 1 8 1 3PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Pencnwc 1 83 9TMS, Pen­ cnwc OS 1 89 1

Pencnycau

-(SN 3 55 -4 1 6) [pen + y + cnyciau] ;

[pen'Ike E.

Williams]

Tythyn Pen y Knwck 1 6 1 1 Bronwydd MSS, Pen y Cnwcke 1 643 Bronwydd MSS, Pen Ylnwcke 1 6 5 1 rent, Pen y Knwcke 1 667/68 CD 59, Pen y Knucke 1 670 CD 60, Tyr Pen y Knwck 1 7 1 3 M Richardson MSS p. l 69, Tyr Penyknucke 1 73 7 Bronwydd MSS , Penknucke 1 73 7 Bronwydd MS S,

(c)

Pen y Cnwck Meadow als. Dolevawr 1773 MRichardson MS p. l 86, Penycnwc 1 772-73 T.Beynon CSCS {v.l. M.Richards} , Tyr Pen y Knwck als. Penknwcke 1 779 Bronwydd MSS, Pennwcke 1 800 Bronwydd MS S, Penycnuccau 1 800 Bronwydd MSS, Penycnuckeu 1 800PR Henllan, Pencnwcie OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-knuckau 1 823PR Llangynllo, Pencnykau 1 828PR Llangynllo, Pen-cnwciau OS 1 834, Pencnyce 1 83 4PR Henllan, Pencnwcau, Peny Cnwc 1 83 9TMS, Pen-cnwcau O S 1 89 1 , Pencnycau 1 904 J.Evans p.23 8, Penice 1 924-26 CSRLS 8 The peculiarity of the local pronunciation (attested as early as 1 800) - which shows the irregular attenuation of [-kn-] to [ -n-] (recalling an English phonetic development) - indicates that the connection with the constituting element cnyciau had been forgotten in speech. For other examples of the attenuation

Camwchwr (St Davids) � Karneknokher 1 326 ( 1 992 PN Pembs : 288) ; Cefnydfa As the connection with cnyciau had been forgotten in this place-name this proves also to be of interest because of the [1] realisation, rather than the expected [u] (cf. Cnycau (Cilgerran, Pembs.) knuke [inf ] ), which seems to demonstrate that forms with anomalous //ill predate the morphological refashioning of plurals such as cnyciau on the pattern of the singular cnwc, a of medial [-kn-] or [ g n ] , cf -

-

(Glams.)

�

Cefngnydfa

[ 1 997 Gw. 0. Pierce: 2 1 ] .

morphophonetic pattern specific to south-western Welsh in the twentieth century.

Pencwlen

-(SN 3 77-408)[pen + cwlen] ;

Bencoolen 1 808PR Bangor, (f.pn.) Nany Pencwllen 1 8 1 3PR Bangor, (pn.) John Pencwlen 1 824PR Bangor, Penkwlen 1 84 l cens. , Pen-cwlen O S 1 89 1 , Pencwlen 1 924-26 CSRLS 2

cwlen, derived Cologne (G. Koln,

This probably derives from a fancied resemblence of a hill or a field to a 'head-dress' (W.

Cwlen [1 923 T. H. Parry-Williams: 1 07) was Germany) � ME . Cullen [ 1 955 E. J. Dobson: 583 ] . Penffynnon - ( S N 3 98-41 0)[pen + y + ffynnon] ; [pen'fm:m E. Williams] from E.

cowl).

The tn.

also the Welsh for

Tir Pen Ffynnon y Fwyalch 1 5 5 5 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p . 77, Penyffynon c. 1 805PR Bangor, Pen:ffyno n n 1 8 1 0PR Bangor, Pen:ffynnon OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penffynho n 1 827PR Llanfair Or11wyn, Pen-y-flYnnon OS 1 834, Penffynon 1 83 7TMS, Pen-y-ffynnon O S 1 89 1 , Pen:ffyno n n Farm O S 1 982

Pengallt -(SN 3 54-40 l )[pen + (g)alltL Pengallt 1 8 1 8PR Henllan, Pengallt 1 83 9TMS, Pengallt O S 1 982

Pen-hui -(SN 3 80-428)[pen + E.

hill] ;

[pen'hd E.

Williams]

Penhill 1 80 1 PR Bangor, Penhill OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-hill OS 1 8 34, Penhill 1 839TMS, Pen-hil O S 1 89 1 , Pen-hill O S 1 904 The term

hu/ 'hill'

is not to be found in Welsh dictionaries, however it does seem to have been used in

Welsh, judging from the following toponyms:

Pen-hul (St John, Cardiff, Glams.), Penhyll, Penhill [ 1 53 5 in 1 938

B. G. Charles: 1 62] ; Pen-hul (SN 57-25, Llangathen, Canns.) [ 1 987 F. Jones: 49], Penhill [ 1 8�ent. RepWMSS: 1 .2.941 ] ;

Pen-hul (SN 77-3 1 , Myddfai, Carms.); Pen-hul (Clydai), Penhil/ 1 747, was a renaming of an earlier Ffosfantach ( 1 992 PN Pembs: 377 ] ; Pontrhul 2:S'p:mt'rd [ 1 973 P. W. Thomas: 1 1 1 9] , referring to a hill to the NW named Yr Hul (SS 90-90, Betws, Glams.); Pen-yr-hul (32-b). Penllwybr -(SN 3 66-41 8) [pen + y + llwybr] ; Pen-llwybr O S 1 891

Penton -(SN 3 94-406)[pen + y +

lon] ;

Fenlon 1 803map J. Singer

189

( 1 2) GWYNIONYDD Penlonwen =(SN 3 70-426)[pen + y + lon + gwen] ; [penlo:n'wen E. WilliaiT'.s]

Pen-lon-wen O S 1 891 Pen-y-rhiw -(SN 3 88-395)[pen + y + rhiwt

Pen-y-rf.iw OS 1 891

Penrhiwgota -(SN 366-41 3 ) [pen + rhiw + cota] ;

Pen-rbiw-gota OS 1 89 1 , Pen- rhiw-gota OS1 904, Penrbiwgotta 1 924-26

CSRLS

2,

A_rrmmn Cott..age

OS 1 98 2 Seemi.-qgly refers t o the lower part o f the ascent that gave its name to Troedr.lziw!lan (1 2-a) and Penrhiwllan (1 2ba). PENRHIWLLflU.l\4 -(SN 370-41 9)[pen + rhiw + )T + llan] ; [phriW'Ian, priW'Ian E. \Villiams] Penrhiwllan 1 8 1 5PR LlaP.fair Orllwyn, Penrhiw-llan OS 1 834, Penrhiulan, Penrhiullan 1 839TMS, Pen­ rbiw-llan, Pen-rhiw-llan Inn OS 1 89 1 , !n.•1 0Sc. 1 95 0 A village (081 891 ] ; it i s not easy to decide from the location o f this place and Troedrhiwllan (1 2-a) where the ascent that gave them its rmme was situated - most probably adjoining Troedrhnvllan; see Penrhiwgota (1 2�a). Comprising: 1) Blaencefu, 2) Bryna_mlwg, 3) BrynJfynnon, 4) Llwyncelyn, 5) Lon-fu\Vr, 6) Meilston� 7) Meilston-bach_, 8) PwJlwybr, 9) Penrhiwllan. Penrhiwprian-isa -(SN 380-42 l ) [p en + rhiw + tn. Prian ( l 2-a) (+ isaf)] ; Pen-rbiw-prian OS 1 8 9 1 , Penrhiv;prian isaf OS 1 982 Penrhiwprian-ucha -(SN 3 81 -42 l ) [pen + rhiw + tn. Prian (l 2-a) (+ uchaf)] ; P enrJ:..iwprian uchaf OS 1 982 b. bet. l 904�82 [ OS1 904; 0Sl 982]. Penty -(SN 365-41 9)[penty] ; Pent)r 1 8 1 3PR LlaP.fair Orlh\l)'P.., Penty OS 1834, Penty 1 834PR Llanfair Orllv.')'ll, Penty-park 1 839T�AS, Penty issaf + uchaf 1 84 1 cens . , {pn.) Tomos y Penty 1 93 0 J. J.Morgan p . 3 If the 1 83 9 form is to be trusted (which is not sure), the name emulates that of the rnansion of Penty-parc (Waltwn, Pembs,)� see Penty-parc (54-a). Persondy -(SN (ii)3 69-41 0)[persondy] ; Parsonage OOS 1 81 1 , Persondy 1 84 1 cens. , ym Mhersondy Bangor ar Deifi 1 869 B.Williams p.36, Persondy (i) OS 1 89 1 , P ersondy (i) OS 1 904, The Old Rectory (ii) OS1 982 i) SN 367-409. 1 904. ii) SN 369-4 1 0. 1 982. Pontgarreg -(SN 3 70-43 1 )[y + pont + ca rreg] ; Pont-careg OS 1 89 1 , Pont-gareg OS 1 904 Prian -(SN (ii)379-42 1 ) [ ? ] ; [prejan E. \Villiams] Pirian issa + Pir:ian 1 564rent, Tir Aberpyrian 1 697/98 D. TJ\1. Jones l\1SS vol.4 p. 763, Pryan 1 804 BRA_ ( 1 955) M_._S S p. 74, Piriam 1 8 1 3PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Pirian OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pirian fa\vr 1 824PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Preian favvr OS 1 834, Pyrian-fawr 1 839TMS, Prian (ii) OS 1 89 1 , (c) Rhiw Pryan (prox. ) 1 958 WFI\1: 11S 1 506/2 p.53 i) SN 375-4 1 8. 1 839 . ii) SN 379-421 . 1 891 . \Vhilst the meaning of Prian is obscure, its development from an earlier form *Pirian or *Pyrian is not, cf purion which becomes prbn in Cardigansl1ire \Velsh (e. g. "brion purion. _l?wyn brion nmvr tenci fawr. " (Rhydly,vys) [1930 \VFiv! MS 1 650/2]); cf Tirion (81-a). The form of 1 697/98 seew.s to posit a hydronym, but it cap,not be the adjacent river called !ago, so it could refer to the small stream that joins the !ago from Blaencwm; cf. LVanbern als. Tyr _Nant y Pyrrion 1 782 (sub Glangraig, 1 7-a); (tp) Prion (Llanrhaeadr-yng-Ngheinmeircli, Denbs.), Pryan [ 1734 BRA (1966) MSS: 29] ; hn. Briannau. Pwllcomol-isa -(SN 3 69-426)[pwll + y + comor (+ isaf)]; [pLli,k:lrn:ll'iJa E. Williams] Bwlchcomel issa c. 1 83 5 CD, Pwllcornel isaf 1 83 9Th1:S, Pwll-cornel-isaf 0S l 891 PwHcomol-ucha -(SN 371-427)[pvtll + y + comor (+ uchaf)] ; [pul'k:Jrn:Jl E. \Villiams] Pwll y Komor 1 564rent, Tyr Pwll y Cornor 1 63 0 F. Green MS n. 1 6 vol. 25 , Tir P\vyll y Cornor 1 649 Bronwydd MSS, Pwll y Comor 1 65 l rent, Tir Pwll y Cornor 1 684 Bromvydd M--SS, Pwll y Comor, (c) Pvvll y C omefield 1 734 Bronv;ydd MSS, Pul y Cornor 1 758 Bronwydd :I\1:SS, Pwllcomel 1 779 R Evans 11SS, (c) Pwllcomel Fields 1 784 Bromvydd �ASS, Pwllycomer 1 785 Bromvydd �.1SS , Pwllycornel =

1 90

( 1 2) G\VYNIONYDD OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pv,rll-comol 1 824PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Pv.rllcomel O S 1 834, Bwlchcomel ucha c. l 83 5 CD, Pwllc.ornel uchaf 1 839TMS, Pwll-cornel-uchaf OS 1 8 9 1 It i s tempting t o understand this name a s cornel 'comer', however, the present realisation k�rn�l and the unanimity of the earlier forms disproves this derivation The earliest forrns give cornor \vhich t..lrrough dissimilation of gave como! by 1 779. The meani.'l.g of cornor is 'hornblower, bugler, trumpeter', and was also applied to 'leader of a swarm of bees, queen-bee', it is also attested - presumably through cross­ et:ymology - as a variant of comol 'colonel' [GPC s.v. cymol] . It is impossible to distinguish what meaning of comor holds here, though I prefer 'colonel' or 'hornblower'. Railway Inn -(SN 357-406)[E. railway + inn]; Railway Inn OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1 89l ; OS1904] . Railway Terrace -(SN 3 58 -406)[E. railway + terrace] ; Railway Terrace OS1 904 b.bet. l 891 - 1 904 (OS1 89 1 1 904] . Slibwrt -(SN 369-428) [slibv.rt] ; [slibot E . \¥illiams] Ty p,;vt ? 1 84 1 cens. , Smithy O S 1 891 The term slibwrt [ 1908 Cym.n1: 34. 180] is a loan from E. sleeveboard, an old-fashioned taylor's table to flatten shirts, shaped somev·1hat like x . Stesion Henllan -(SN 3 58-407) (stesion + tn . Henllan (l 2-a)]; Henllan Station 1 904 J.Evans p.375 , o Orsaf Henllan 1 905 E.Davies p.22, i Orsaf Henllan 1 966 T.Davies p.66 b.bet. 1 891 -1 904 [0 8 1 8 9 1 ; 08 1904]. Tanderi -(SN 3 67-4 1 6)[tan + deri] ; Dandore OOS 1 81 1 , Tandeny 1 8 1 6PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Tanderi 1 81 8PR Llanfair Orllw;n, Danderi, Dandery 1 839Tiv1S, Dan-deri OS 1 89 1 , Danderi 1 9 1 0 Geni.'len vo1.28 p. 264, Llysderi OS 1 982 Trebedw -(SN 362-406)[tref + yr + bedw]; Plas Tre yr Bedow 1 6 1 3 BRA ( 1 93 5) MSS p. 3, Plas Tre yr Bedw 1 6 1 8 BRA ( 1 935) MSS p.4, Plas Trerbedw 1 643 Bronwydd MSS, Trebedw 1 768 Llanl!Yr I\1S S, Tavarn, Trebedw 1 792 Derry Ormond J\1S S, Trebedw 1 795 in NL\V ]\AS 793-B p. l 03 , Tre Bedw 1 803map J. Singer, Trebedie 1 808 S.Rl\1eyrick p. 1 8 8, Trebedw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Trebedw O S 1 834, Tre-bedw OS 1 89 1 Trecagl -(SN 3 83-41 5)[tref + yr + cagl]; [tre'gagal E . Williams] Trecagal c. 1 805PR Bangor, Trecagal {2nd added later} 1 824PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Trecagl OS 1 834, Trecagal l 837Tl\1S, Tre-cagl OS 1 89 1 , Tre-cagl OS 1 904, Trecagol 0Sc. l 950 Treffwm b(SN (ii)3 66-41 4)[tref + yr + fi\vm] ; Tre Ffwrn 1 7 1 3 MRichardson MS 1 69, Tref\vrnucha + issa 1 792 Derry Ormond MSS, Treddwrn issia + ucha 1 795 in NLW MS 793-B p. 1 03, Tre:ffivrn, Tg_iffwrn 1 8 1 3PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Trefwrn 1 827PR Llanfair Orlhvyn, Tre-!P.vrn OS 1 834, Treffgam 1 839TMS, Tre-ffwrn OS 1 89 1 , Tre-ff\vrn (ii) OS 1 904, Trefl\vrn als. Trefyrn 1 924-26 CSRLS 2 i) SN 366-41 4, 3 0m lov.rer down 1 89 1 . ii) SN 366-41 4. 1 904. Tro -(SN 3 54-428)[tro ] ; Tro issa cott, Tro ganol cott. 1 937 JoP.n Fra.11cis M�S vol.2 p. 1 02 Troedrhwch -(SN 3 89-407)[troed + rhiw + yr + hwch] ; [tr�d'ru:x E . \Villiarr.s] Tir Camnant 1 635 F. Green l\1SS vol. 25 p. 1 09, Tir Dyffryn Hoffnant 1 63 5 CD 39, Tir Dydd.;n Hoffnant 1 63 5 F.Green MSS vol.25 p. 1 09, Tir Troed Rhiw Rhwch 1 637 CD 43, Tir Troed Rhiw Rhwch als. Tir y Callhn.ant 1 637 F. Green M..SS vol.25 p. 1 09, Troed yr Rhy'N 1 773 M.R.ichardson M..S 1 83, Tyr Dyffryn Hmvnant als. Dyffryn Hm.vnant als. Troedyr Hiwr Hwch 1 78 5 B�A ( 1 955) J\1SS p. l 22, Troedrhiw yr Hwch-ganol c. l 800PR Bangor, Troedyrhwch c. 1 805PR Bangor, Troedyrhiwrhwch OOS 1 81 1 , Troedgrhiwrhwchganol, Troedgrhiwrhwchucha 1 825 W'Fl\1 l\1S 2039, Troed-y-rhiw-rhwch O S 1 834, Troed R..biw-yr-hwch, Troedyrhiwychwch issaf 1 837T!'vf-S, Troed-rhiw'r-hwch, (c) .Alit Troed-yr-hwch OS 1 89 1 , Troedrhiwrhwch OS 1 982 The Hownant(ii) is the name of the stream adjoini..11g this place, so tb.at it seems t..lmt the term nant in the alias Camnant - in this particular iP.stance - refers to the valley rather than the stream (the valley about -

191

( 1 2) GWYNIONYDD Troedrhwch

clearly being crooked), however,

rather than an alias of Troedrh-..t•ch, cf

Camnant may originally be Camnant (d); see Fron (1 2-a).

an alias of the river

Hmvnant

Troed-y-rhiw -(SN 392-405 ) [troed + y + rhiw] ; Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 891

Troedrhiwberllan -(SN 392-407)[troed + rhiw + yr + perllan] ; [tr�jdrnv'b�rlan E. \Villimr.s] Troedyrhiwberllan c. l 805PR Bangor, Troedyrhiwberllan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed-y- rhivv-berl.!an 081 834, Troed Rhiw Berllan 1 837TMS, Troed-rhiw-berllan OS 1 891 Troedmiwl!an -(SN 367-4 1 6) [troed + rhiw + y + llan]; Troedrhiw-llan 1 792 Derry Ormond 1t-ASS , Troedyrhullan 1 795 in J'JL\X/ :MS 793-B p. 1 03, Troed Rhi\v Llan 1 8 1 5PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Troedyrhiullan 1 83 9Th1S As has been said (see sub Penrhnvllan, 1 2-a) it is not obvious where lay the ascent tlmt gave its name to this place was, Troedrhiwllan seen:1s incongruously 11..amed as it stands on the highest part of that particular road. Ty-gwyn -(SN 3 70-424) [ty + gv.'yn] ; Ty-gvvyn OS 1 982 Ex-jstent

[OSI891 ] . Ty-gwyn-isa -(SN 3 70-424) [ty + gwyn (+ isaf)] ; Ty Gwyn 1 725 Cilgvvyn I MS S , Ty Gwynn 1 725 B Rl\ ( 1 95 5) J\1SS p. 48, Tyg\vyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-gv.')'TI 1 8 1 5PR Lianfair Orllwyn, Tygv.,yn l 83 9Th1S, Ty-gwyn-isaf 0S l 89 l

Ty�'jTI=ucha -(SN 3 70-425)[ty + gwyn (+ uchaf) ]; Ty- gwyn-uchaf OS 1 8 9 1 Ty-hen -(SN 3 5 5-4 1 2)[ty + hen] ; Tuy Hen 1 643 Bronwydd J\I£SS , Ty Hen 1 8 1 7PR Llanfuir Or!lwyn, Ty-hen OS 1 89 1 Ty-newydd Bangor -(SN 3 82-400)[ty + nevvydd + tn. Bangor (1 2�a)] ; [ti'newi (baQg�r) E . \lfillimr.s] Tynewydd c. l 805PR Bangor, Ty ne\vydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ty-ne\vydd 081 834, Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Ty ne\:vydd OS 1 982 Ty-newydd(i) -(S N 3 86-4 1 l )(Trecagl)[tY + nev.ydd] ; [gri:n'park ? E. \Villiams] Ty�newydd OS 1 89 1 , Ty-newydd 0 Sc. 1 950, Bryn Pare OS 1 982

Ty-newydd(ii) -(SN 370-429)(Pwllc.ornol)[tY + ne,vydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1 , Pare Villa OS 1 982

Ty-newydd(iii) -(SN 363-407)(Trebedw)[ty + newydd] ; Ty nev.;dd 1 839Tl\.1S

Waun-fach -(SN 376-425)[y + gwaun + bach] ; \Vaun-ffich 08 1 904, Waunfach 081 982 Werfa -(SN 3 57-41 4) [y + ? ]; \Verfa O S 1 904, \lferfa O S 1 982

was i."l Henllan parish, it is remir.iscent of the nUL'lles o f the 4 divisions of the neighbouring Llanfair Orlhvyn parish termed gweddfa. The change from [ -il-] to [-r-] is b.bet. 1 891-1 904 [OS1891 ; OS 1 904] . Though this found in the

tns. Gwyddgn1g

(Ca..rms.) �

Gwyrgrug; Wyddgrug (Flints.) � Wyrgrug, though in the case of

those names it is dissimilation with the other

that

is the suspected motivation for changing

to

. Wem-newydd

-(SN 3 68 -424)[y + gwern (+ newydd)] ; Gwem Fill� Tir issa Yngwern Filli 1 564rent, Gwern Philli, Gwern Pfiilip Ychan 1 65 l rent, Park y Wern

Ffilly 1 7 1 3 M.Richardson J\1S 1 69, Parke Gwern Plt.illey 1 725 Cilg\V)'tl

I

MS S , Parke als. Parke CT\va)'tl

Tilly 1 792 Derry Ormond �1S S , Parcegv.reynffilli 1 796 Bronwydd l\1S S, Parce Gweinffili als. \Vemddofn als. \Veinn.ev\)dd

1 796 Bronvvydd l\1S S, \Vern newydd 008 1 8 1 1 , \lfernnewydd 08 1 834, Wern-ne'v\)dd 0 8 1 8 9 1 , Wem nevvydd Farm 08 1 982

1 8 1 9PR Llanfair

Orllvv;n, \Vern newjdd

See Parc.au (1 2-a). Ysgol Aberbanc -(SN 3 56-4 1 6)[ysgol + tn. Aberbanc ( 1 2-a)] ; Ysgoldy AberbaP.k 1 879 i.11 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 3 1 , Aberbanc V.P. 1 967 \VLS, School O S 1 982 Ystafelleglwysig -(SN 3 86-404)(ystafell + eglwysig]; + 0 S c. l 950, Ystafell Eglwysig OS 1 982, Ystafell Eglwysig Bangor Teifi (sign) b. 1 926 [sign] .

192

(12) GWYNIONYDD geonyms Alltenoc -(SN 398-405)[allt + pn Enoc] ; AJ1t Enoch OS1 891 Caerau -(SN 3 5 8-4-0 l )[caerau] ; Caerau OS 1 834, Caerau (intrenchment) Fort OS1 982 See Llanfair Orllwyn (12-a). CasteUpystog -(SN 3 82-403)[castell + *postiog ? ] ; Castelli Pyscoc Gawr, a Chastelh Pyscoc c. l 600 S .D.Rhys p. l 30, Pistog ycha + issa (prox.) 1 637 CD 43 , Castell Pistog 1 808PR Bangor, Castell Pistog 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 1 39, Castell Pistog (site of) OS 1 891 Pyscoc was the name of a giant [c.l600 s. D. Rhys: 1 30] ; a circular mount surrounded by a moat . . . said to have been the site of a Wl...llsion anciently belonging to a fawily of that name [ 1 83 3 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 .56] . My best etymology for pystog is a derivation from *post(i)og, possibly i.11 connection with the description of what was supposed to be a large post-hole: " [Pistog] as report says, was anciently the proprietor of all t."I-J.e land i.11 tPis Lordship. There is a hollow on the top of the tump, where it is said, Pistog regaled his tenants once a year, under a large woollen canopy erected for that purpose. " [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Bangor] ; see Castell Bangor (l2-a). Castell Nantgaran -(SN 3 69-421 )[castell + tn. Nantgaran (12-a)] ; CasteLh Lhyphan Ga\vr ? c. l 600 S.D.Rhys p. l 3 0, Castel!-nant-y-garau 0S l 834, Caste!l-nant-y-garan (Tumulus) OS 1 89 1 , Yr Hen Gastell 1 924-27 CSRLS 27, Nant-y-Garan 0Sc. 1 950, :Motte OS1 982 On LlJ!ffan Gawr, see 1 993 C. Grooms p. 1 96. Ffrydiau Henfryn -(SN 3 83-393)[ffrydiau + tn. Henfryn (Llangeler, Ca..rms.)] ; Ffrwdir Henfrin c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 78 Ffrydiau Henllan -(SN 3 57-400)[ffiydiau + tn. HeP11an (12-a)] ; Ffrwdir Henllta.tt c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 78, Frwdeu Henllan 1 80 8 S.R.l\1eyrick p. 1 39, Ffrv:deu Hen Llan 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Hen Llan, Frvvdiau Henllan als. The Henllan Falls 1 83 3 S.Lewis (1 850 edn) vol. l p.4 1 6, Frydiau Henlla..t1 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. l 78, Ffrydiau Henllru1, Rhaiadr Henllan 1 899 D.E.Jones p.5, Ffrydiau Henllan c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 208 L!ynbadell -(SN 361 -403)[llyn + y + padell] ; [hn'badcl E. Thomas] (c) Dole y Badell 1698 BRA� ( 1 93 5) MSS p. l O, Llyn-y-padall OS 1 834, Llyn y Badell O S 1 8 9 1 , Llyn Badell 1 899 D.E.Jones p.5 Llyn-y-felin -(SN 3 53-401 ) [llyn + y + melin]; Llyn y Velyn 1 6 1 5 BRJ\1 ( 1 93 5) MSS p. 3, Llyn y Felin 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 5 I am not sure to which mill melin refers to, it was a pool in the Teifi river rather than a \vholly artificial mill-pond, though it was said to be darnmed up by D. E. Jones [ 1 899: 97] ; see Henllan (1 2-a). Llynsiedi -(SN 3 87-391) [llyn + hn. Siedi]; Llyn Shedi 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 8 Maengwyn -(SN 3 82-43 5)[maen + gvvyn] ; �Aaen-gv;yn OS 1 834 This stone gave its r.ame to A1aen[5l1-yn (1 2-a), as well as NantgwyPfaen (1 2 -a), AbernantgwyPJaen (13-a). Pont Afonrhyd -(SN 3 5 5-41 9)[pont + hn. Afonrhyd] ; Pont Afo n Rhyd 1 978 CER vol. 8 p. 335 b. 1 8 57 [ 1 978 CER: 8 . 335] ; Afonrhyd seems to be another alias of hn. Cwerchyr. Pont Alltcafn -(SN 3 86-392)[pont + tn. Alltcafn (Llan.geler, Carms.)] ; [ai'kavan E. vVilliarns] Alit y Cafan Bridge 1 837TMS {date of schedule, not of m.ap} , Pont Allt-y-cafn OS 1 89 1 , Pont A.lltc.afan 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 8, i Wddwg AJltcafan (prox.) 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 379, Pont AJlt Cavan c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.21 0, Pontalltycafan 0Sc. l 950, Pont Alltcafan 1 990 Lampeter Photograpb.s p. 7 b. l 83 9-41 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 2 10; 1 978 CER: 8.334]; cf (c) Allt y Cafo [081 834), Alit Cwm-cafn [OS1 891] on both sides of Tei:fi. Pont Henllan -(SN 3 55-400)[pont + tn. Henllan ( 12-a)]; Henllan Bridge 1 780 Bromvydd M..S S, Pont Henllan 1 803w.ap J. Si.11ger, Henllan Br. 008 1 8 1 2 b. l 774 [ 1 899 D . E . Jones: 421 ; 1978 CER: 8.333]. Pwllglas -(SN 3 53-405)[pwll + glas]; Pwll Glas OS 1 89 l , Pwll Glas 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 5, Pwll Gla (sic) OS 1 982 1 93

(12) GWYNIONYDD Wennallt =(SN 372-403)[y + gwen + allt] ; Wenallt OS 1 891

194

( 1 3 ) GWYNIONYDD LLA.N"GYNLLO

Abernantgwynfae.n

-(SN 372-432) [aber +

Aber Nant y

G'Alflfan

h.P� Nantgwynfaen] ;

1 65 l rent,

Abernant y

G\V)T..faen

1 65 l rent,

Abernant Gwinva

1 760CF,

i� bernantgv;ynfan OOS 1 8 1 1 , i\.bernant-gv.'Ynfa.'1, Abarnant-gv;ynfan 1 8 1 6PR Lla..'lgynllo, i\ber-r..ant-y­ ..

g\vyn-fan O S 1 834, i\bemant-gv.y.n-faen 1 83 9Th1S, Aber-nant-gv.'Yr£an OS 1 89 1 , Abernant GV\'Yr£an ..

1 905 E.Davies p. 57, Abernant O S 1 98 2 The h..11. Nantgwy11jaen Nantgwy11jaen (12-a).

tnay b e a n alternative name of

Tywarchen,

'".u!tcnawdau -(SN 3 76-44 1 )[allt + y + cyr.aeafdy]; [al knawde E. \Villiams, '

referriP.g t o

ai'nawde R

lvfaengwyn (12-b);

see

Jones]

AJlt y Kr1awdy 1 65 1 rent, Tyr Allt y Chawde 1 722 M.Richardson J\.1S 1 72, Allt y Cnawt:ha 1 760CF, Gallt y Cnawdy 1 768 M.Richardson

MS 1 8 1 , Gallt-y-cnawde 1 8 1 3PR Llangy11Jlo, Gallt y Cnawdau 1 8 1 7PR

LlangyPJlo, C�llt Cvmadau O S 1 834, Alit y Cnawde 1 83 9TMS, Allt-y-cnydie OS 1 89 1 , Allt-y-cnydie 0Sc. 1 950, !-Iill View OS 1 982 It is quite likely that the 1 65 1 form represents

becorning changed - by popular etymology - to

cynae(a)fdy -+ cynawdy, this cnmvdiau 'fleshes', as early as

Castellhendre (E. Henry's Moat) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 63] . Allt-fawr -(SN 360-424)[allt + mawr] ; Gwar yr ft..llt vawr 1 564rent, i\llt fa\\lf 1 792 Derry Ormond IV!S S,

having lost its meaning, 1 722; cf

Castellhenri ·�

Rallt.fa\\lf OOS 1 8 1 1 , LAJlt fawr 1 828PR

LlangyPJlo, Rallt-fawr OS 1 8 34, Allt-fav.lf 1 839T11S Llangynllo, Allt-fawr O S 1 891 , (c) Alit fa'l.>vr 1 924-26 CSRLS 27 -(SN 3 66-433) [allt

Alltgoch

+ coch];

Alltgoch 1 8 1 4PR L1al1gy!1Jlo,

1L-Iwylfa

Allt Goch

1 839TM...S , Allt-goch O S 1 89 1

-(SN 347-470)[annwyl + -rna] ; ,A..nv.'Ylfa OS 1 982

Anvel =(SN 3 58-447)[ar=

+ gwel] ;

Jhwell OS 1 982

Awelfry.n

-(SN 364-463)[awel + bryn];

[a'we!vrm I.

A. Griffiths]

Awelfryn OS 1 982

Bach-y-rhew

-(SN 3 63 -475)[bach + y + rhew] ; [ ba· x� hrew I. A. '

Griffiths , bax;�.rcw'Ix;a M.

H. Davies]

Tyr Bach y Rhew 1 7 1 3 M. Richardson MS 1 69, Tyr Bach y Rh)ID (sic) 1 773 M Richardson MS 1 69, Bach)lfP.iw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bach y-rhew 1 8 1 4PR LlangyPJlo, Bachyrhew 1 826PR BetwsifaP� Bach-y-rhe\x/ OS 1 834, Bachrhev.r 1 834PR Troedrour, Bach-y-rhew O S 1 89 1 , Bach-y-rhew c. 1 900

Bach�y=rhew=fach

=(SN 363=476)[bach + y + rhew (+ bach)] ;

[baz�hrew'ba:x;

\\lF.r..A J\.1S 1 520/1 baz�.rew 'i·Ja J\.1.

l\.1. Thorr..as,

H. Davies] Bach)lfhewfach 1 905 E.Davies p . 34

Blaen Bachcrydd

-(SN 3 6 1 -444)[blaen + tn. Bachcrydd] ;

{blam;l'kri:� ?, blanbaz'kri:�, bi: 'bi: 'si: E. Williams] :MS 1 69, Tyr Bach y Cryde 1 773

Bach y Kridd 1 65 1 rent, Tyr Bach y Crydd 1 71 3 J\.1. Richardson

M Rich.ardson MS 1 8 5, Blaenbachcrydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen Bach y Crydd 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Blaen Bach Crydd 1 8 1 6PR Llangynllo, Blaen

Bach CryD 1 823PR Llanro!JlJlo, Blaen-bach-cryda OS 1 834, Blaen­

bach-crydd OS 1 89 1 , i Lamachcrydd (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p. 208 The jocular realisation

bi: 'bi:'si:

was suggested by the fact that an acronym of tr..is place-na..'lle coincides

with that of the BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation).

Blaenbwch-isa -(SN 3 63-467)[blaen + lm.

Bwch (+ isaf)];

{bla:n,bu:z'i·Ja I. A_

Griffiths]

Blaen Llwegh 1 65 1 rent, Blaencwmbwch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaenbwch 1 8 1 6PR Troedrour, Blaen Bwch 1 827PR Llangynllo, Blaen-bv1ch O S 1 834, Blaen Bwch cots 1 83 9T.r-..1S, Blaen-b\vch-isaf O S 1 89 1 , Ta.'1-y-bryn O S 1 982

Blaenbwch-ucha

-(SN 363 -467)[blaen +

hrt Bwch (+ uchaf)] ; [ bla:n,bu:x'Iza I . A. Griffitb.s]

Blaen-bwch-uchaf OS 1 891

Biaenffos -(SN 375-456)[blaen + y + ffos] ; [bla:n'fo:s, blaen' fo:s I.

A. Griffitl1s]

Blaen-ffos OS 1 89 1 , Blaenffos O S 1 982

Blaenhawe.n

-(SN 347-466)[blaen +

h..11.

Ha\ven] ;

[blajn'howen �A.

Thow.as]

Blaen Hawen 08 1 834, Blaen..lmwen 183 9Th1S, B laen-hawen OS 1 89 1 , Blaenc\\'II'��awen 1 963 D. Davies

& \V. T.Hughes p. 3 0 195

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD See Blaemvaun (10-a).

BlaenUan -(SN 3 55-443)[blaen + y + llan]; [bla:n'lan E. Willian1s, I. A Griffiths] Blaen Nant y Llan ? 1 564rent, Blaen Nant y Llan ? 1 65 l rent, Blane Llan 1 725 BRA ( 1 955) I\1SS p.48, B!aePJlan OOS 1 8l l , B!aen-llan O S 1 8 3 4, Blaen-l!an O S 1 8 9 1

Blaenllan=isa -(SN 3 58-438)[blaen + y + Han (+ isaf) ] ; Blaen-llan-isaf OS 1 89 1

Blaen Nantpopdy -(SN 354-450)[blaen + tn. Nantpopdy (1 2-a)] ; B!aen-mmt-y-popty 1 839TIAS, B!aPJna.11tpobdy l 84 1cens.

Blaen Pantsais -(SN 3 75-461 )(blaen + tn. Pantsais (12�a)] ;

Blaen Pant y Sais 1 564rent, Blaen=pant-sais OS 1 89 1 , Blaenpa11t O S 1 982

Blaenwaun -(SN 3 66-464)[blaen + y + gwaun] ; [bla:n'wejn I. A Griffiths] B!aenywaun OOS 1 8 l l , B!aenwine 1 822 1\A.Ricta.ardson l\AS 208, Blaen-y-waun OS 1 834, Blaen Waun 1 839Th1S, Blaen-y-waun OS 1 89 1

Blaenwern -(SN 349-469)[blaen + y + gwern] ; [b!a-'wern M H. Davies, (c) hriW,bla'wern M Thomas] Blaenywern 1 81 9PR Troedrour, Blanwern 1 825PR Troedrour, Blaen-y-wern OS 1 834, Blaen-y-wern OS 1 89 1 , Blaenwem 1 905 E.Davies p.3 1

Bronnallt -(SN 3 5 5-432)[bron + alit] ; Bronallt OS 1 982

Bronwydd -(SN 353-432) [bron + gwydd]; [br:lnwi E. Thomas, br:lnW!Tillog, Monts.); see Pengallt (12-a). BWLCHGROES -(SN 379-462) [bwlch + y + c�oes]; [bulx,'gro:s J. Dafis, bulx�'gro:s E. Williams, bulx� 'gr;)es I. �A. Griffiths ] Bwlch-y-groes OS 1 834, Bwlch y Gros 191 1 C:yrnru vol.4 1 b . bet. 1 8 1 1-34 [OOS 1 81 1 ; 081 834). Comprising: 1) Capel Bwlch_groes, 2) Llwyn_groes (14-a), 3) Maen_gwyn__11! ( 1 4-a), 4) Maes-yr-baf, 5) Tan-y-groes, 6) Winsh-fach. Bw!chgwyn -(SN 347-472)[bwlch + gv.;yn]; [bul)('gwm, gwarnant'a:rmz on the map M. Thomas] G\vem-nant Arms 1 839TIAS, (c) Ffair Bwllgv.ryn (3 1 /0 1 ) ? 1 87 1 NLW MS ex. 1 245, C-n.vem-nant Arms (P.H. ) OS 1 891, Gwemant A'"rms 'enw cyffredin y ty oedd' Bwlchgwyn c. 1 900 W'FM �1S 1 520/1, Bwlch­ gv..yn 1 976 S. Gw.Davies p. 1 6 Bwlchrhyd -(SN 371 -43 l)[bwlch + y + rhyd]; Bwlch y-rhyd 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Bwlch-y-rhyd 1 839Th1S, Bwlch-rhyd OS 1 89 1 , Bwlch-rhyd OS 1 904 Capel Bwlchgroes -(SN 379-462)[capel + tn. Bwlchgrces (12-a)] ; Capel OS1 834, Bwlch'y-groes Meeting H.0 1 839Tl\1S, Bwllygroes 1 85 1 Rel cens. p.497, Capel-Bv.rlch-y­ groes (Independent) OS 1 891, Bwlchygroes, Llandyssul c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.278, Ch.apel OS 1 982 b. c. l 830 as a school [ 1 987 B. J. Rawli11s : 1 30] ; b . l 833 [ 1 85 1Rel cens.: 497; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfa!l-Tu.tner: 278; 1 987 B. J. Rawli11s : 1 30 ] ; c. 1 875 ( 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 3 0) ; 1 880 (c . l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 278] . Capel Coed-y-bryn -(SN 3 53-452)[capel + tn. Coed-y-bryn]; Coedybryn Chapel 1 890 Bronwydd MSS, Capel Coed-y-bryn (Calv. Meth. ) OS 1 89 1 , Coed y Bryn c. l 9 02 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 277, Coedybryn Chapel 1 890 Bronwydd MSS b. l 866 [ 1 904 J. Evans : 249; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 1 30] ; b. l 886 [ 1 905 E. Davies: 1 02] . Castel!siwn"'..rd -(SN 364-47l) [castell + siwrwd] ; [kastcl I. A. Griffiths, 1\1. Thomas] Castell 1 81 4PR Llangynllo, Castell S iwrwd 1 81 7PR Llangynllo, Castellshwrwd 1 843 in 1 905 E.Davies p. 5 8, Castell OS1 891 This was a jocular name, as there are no remains of fortifications i..11 the vicinity; cf Siwrwd (SO 1 1 -90, Newtown, Monts.).

Cefncoed -(SN 353-452)[cefu + y + coed]; Cefn�coed OS 1 834, Cefen Coed 1 84 l cens . , Cefn-coed OS 1 891 Closglas -(SN 361-444)[clos + glas]; Clos-glas OS 1 891 C!unlynod -(SN 371 -453)[dun + ? ]; [ glm hin3d E. \Villiams, g lm hm3d I. 11... Griffiths] Klyn Lynog 1 564rent, Klin Lynod 1 65 1rent, Clyn-11ulh'1od 1 7 1 3 .M:.Richardson M:S 1 69, ClyrJlunod, Clynllynod 1 774 M.Richardson MS 1 88, Clynlu11..nod 1 786 M.Rich.ardson MS 1 92, Clynynod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Glyn-hy:nod OS 1 834, Clyn Lynod 1 832PR Llangynl!o, Clynynod 1 835PR Llangynllo, Clyn-ynod 1 839Th1S, G!y:n-hynod OS 1 891, Gylnod (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p.208, Glynhynodfach (prox.) 1 905 E.Davies p.35 Since clun is masculine there is no reason for an original *l!ynod to lenite to lynod, the phonetic development of the name might be explained by haplology to *Clynod, whence a reanalysis by popular etymology to Clunhynod. However, the preponderance of fon!l.s with i11itial , along with the fi11aJ of the earliest form leads us to suspect that the origi..flal form of the second element was lynog which became lynod due to interference by the obscure element llynod fou..11d in the name Dy.ff.rynllynod (1 4-a) oPJy 3. 5km E of this site, which l>..ad the status of a mansion in the sixteenth century. The reduction of Clunlynod to *Clynod, thence Gylnod is certairJy simpler than tl>..at offered for an original Clunllynod. The initial following the masculine noun clun leads us to posit an elided syllable, see sub Logyn (2-a). The common reanalysis of clun to glyn is apparent from 1 834 onwards. Clunrodyn -(SN 361 -456)[clun + yr + odyn]; [Cc) hro·s,grl'r3dm ... g!m'r:)dm IV!. Thomas] '

'

197

( 1 3) GWYN!ONYDD Clun yr Odyn 1 8 1 5PR Llangynllo, Clun'r-odyn OS 1 834, Clynrodin 1 834PR Llat1gynllo, Clyn yr Odyn, Clyn'r-odyn 1 83 9TNT�, Clyn-yr-odyn OS 1 891, Cil'rodyn 1 905 E.Davies p. 3 5, Glyn-yr-odyn OS1 982 COED-Y-BRYN -(SN 3 53-452)[tn. [Capel] Coed-y-bryn (1 2-a)] ; Coed-y-bryn OS 1 891 Comprisi..'1g: 1 ) Bryn, 2) Brynhy"rryd, 3) Bryr.hywel, 4) Capel Coed-y-bryn, 5) Delfryn, 6) Gernos Lodge, 7) Rhoslwyn, 8) Ysgol Coed-y-bryn.

Cros-!an(i) -(SN 3 8 1 -452)[cros (+ i + glan)] ; Croes Lan OS 1 982 b. bet. 1 904-82 [OS1 904; OS1 982] . CROS-LAN(ii) -(SN 3 82-444)[cros (+ i + glan)]; [ kr�s ' l an J. Dafis, E . \Villian1s] Crosslan OS 1 89 1 , Croes-lan, Pant-teg Cross-road (P.O.) OS1 904, Panteg Cross 1 9 1 3 n.c. ATL, PO OS1 982 This village appeared bet. 1 81 1 -9 1 [OOS1 81 1 ; OS1 891], and was situated just v1here the moor began [OOS181 1 ] . The meaning of Cros-lan is 'the crossroad on high', and it was presurrill.bly named thus in opposition to the c-rossroads at Horeb ( 14-a), both crossroads being on the turnpike road between Llandysul (1 4-a) and Synod (22-a). The 1 904 form shows the welshification of eros to croes (cf Crosgwyn, 22-a). The first houses were built on Pant-teg land (13-a), thus accounti..'1g for the English alias Pant-teg Cross; c£ Pencros (8-b), Pentre-lan (31-a), Pengraig-lan (57-a). Comprising: 1) Blaenphvyf( l2�a), 2) Glas:fryn, 3) Llaindelyn (12�a), 4) IVfaes�y�llan. Cwm -(SN 369-456) [cwm] ; [kum'gern�s E. Williams] C\vm 1 81 6PR L!andyfriog, Cwm 1 820PR L!angynllo, Cwm OS 1 89 1 , Cwmgemos OS 1 982 Cwm-bach -(SN 3 54-43 8)[cwm + bach]; C'v\'!11 bach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cv.m-bach 1 81 4PR LlangyrJlo, Cvvm-bach OS1 834, Cwm-bach OS 1 89 1 Cwmbwch -(SN 357-473)[cwm + tm.. Bwch] ; [kum'bu: x I. A. Griffiths, M. H. Davies, kum'bo:x (id.) M. Thornas] Nant y Bwch ? 1 564rent, Abernant y Bwch ? 1 6 5 1 rent, C\vmbwch OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwm-bwch OS1 834, Cwbwch 1 838PR LlangyPJlo, Cwm-bvvch OS1 891 Cwm-hen -(SN 373-450)[cwm (+ hen) ] ; [kum'he:n I. .A_ Griffiths] Cv.,rm-hen 1 8 1 8PR Llangynllo, C\vm-hen OS1 891 Cwmins -(SN 3 64-441 ) [ cwrr.it1s] ; Cw11mlins OOS 1 8 1 1 , Conm1ons 1 8 13PR LlangyrJlo, Cwmins 1 826PR LlangyrJlo, Cw1mnins-uchaf OS 1 834, Cwmi.llS 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Cvvmmins 1 839TMS, Cwmi.llS 1 905 E.Davies p. 52, Conunins OS189 1 , Y Cwmi.fl 1 93 0 J.J.Morgan p. l 5, Cmn.rni..11S uc}l.af 1 93 7 JoP�'1 Francis MSS vol.2 p. 1 02 Cwm Nantffinen -(SN 352-47 1 )[cv,nn + tn. Nantffmen]; [kum,nant'fmen 0. Rees, l\1. Jones, kom,di'h�j! l\1. Thomas] Cwm Nant y Ffynnon 1 787sur map, Cribi.11 Clottas (sic) 1 839TMS, Cwm-nant-ffi!l.1-ant 1 OS 1 89 1 A pentref LTl the past [i.llf M. Jones] . Cwmpandy -(SN 3 55-427) [cwm + y + pandy] ; C�m-pandy OS 1 834, Cwmpandy 1 839PR Llangynllo Cwmtywarch -(SN 376-437)[c\vm + hn. Tywarch[en] ] ; [kum'towarz E. \Villiams] Blane Llwarch (prox.) 1 725 BRA ( 1 955) M_.S S p.48, Blane Llwarch (prox.) 1 725 Cilgwyn I MSS, Cwmtwarch 1 809 M.Richardson MS 206, Cv.mPA'fch (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , C\\m-twarch 1 81 4PR LlangyPllo, Cwmtyv•1arch 1 83 9TMS, Cv.m-t)'\Varch OS 1 891 For the reanalysis of pn. L!Yl.o.'arch as t}'H'arch, cf A1elint}warch (l'Aatl:uy), Lower is A1ill 1485, A1elyn Llwarche 1 592, Velin Lou'arch, A1elyn Llov,;arch 1 663, A1elin Towarch 1 783 [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 273]. De!fryn -(SN 3 54-448)[del + bryn] ; Delfryn OS 1 982 Do!au-Cwerchyr -(SN 3 69-435)[dolau + lm. Cwerchyr] ; [do:le ? J. Dafis] Doley Kwerchir 1 564rent, Tir Dolle Kwercher 1 649 Bromvydd MSS, Dole Cwerchir 165 1rent, Tir Dole Gwerther 1 684 Bronwydd MSS, Dole Cwerchyr 1 734 Brom¥';dd M�S, Doley Perchill (sic) OOS 1 81 1 , Dole-cwerchyr 1 81 7PR Llangynllo, Ddolau-chiwanhau OS1 834, Dolequerchyr 1 830PR LlangyPllo, Dolan Cwerchir 1 839TIAS, Dole Cwerche 1 87 1 NL\l/ l\1S ex. 1 245, Dolau 1 905 E.Davies p. 54, Dole 1 905 E.Davies p. 54, Dolau-cwerch)'f OS1 89 1 DO!refaii -(SN 365-476)[dol + yr + efail]; [dol'revel Rh.Thomas] 1 98

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD cot.e 1 83 9Tl\1S, Dol'refail l 90 5 E.Davies p . 34, Dolyrefail l 978 �1. Jones p.22

DO!wem - (SN 347-472)[dol + y + gwern] ; [dol'wern,

f pn.

mari,5ol'wern M

H. Davies,

do·l'wern + ti'newi M

Thomas]

in£ Drnmhlryd =( SN

3 56=456)[y + tmm + llvvyd] ;

Drym-lwyd O S 1 8 34, Dryrnlwyd 1 83 3PR LlangynJlo, Drymlwyd

cot e 1 83 9TMS, Tru.m-11\Nyd OS 1 891 ,

Dru.tnlhvyd als. Benwhilor 1 905 E .Davies p . 3 4, heibio Bewhilor (dialect) 1 905 E.Davies p. 208, Dremhvyd 1 924--26 CSRLS 1 4, Druwl\\'Yd 1 924--26 CSRLS 29 Cf Penhwilwr (81 -a).

Efail - (SN 3 70-474)[ efail] ; [revel, no'vv a'r:>sva I.

A. Griffiths]

Smithy OS 1 891 , Efail c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/ 1 , Efail 1 905 E .Davies p . 3 5 , Arosfa 08 1 982

Ffatri -(SN 3 5 8-420)[ ?

];

Pant y Velin Boeth (prox.) 1 589 Bronv.'Ydd M�S, Pante y Velin Boeth (prox. ) 1 593 Bromvydd MSS , \Voollen l\1anufactory Buildi.'1g and Lands at Aberdauddwr (Henllan) 1 878 Bronvvydd l\1S S, Woollen Factory O S 1 89 1 Thi ... woollen factory w.ay have been on the site of an older wilL which gave its name to

Dolfelin ( 12-a)

immediately across the river. This older mill - \vhether at this site or elsev-;here in the i.rnmediate vicinity ­

i.11 the name Pant-y-felinboeth, which was associated with Nouadd HylA;el Deca, ( 12-a); cf Ffatri A ber (1 1-a). Ffatri Maesllyn =(SN 3 68-448) [ffatri + tn. M..aesllyn ( l2-a)] ; [fatri,mas'lm E. \Villiams] is the one referred to

also unlocated, but near A berbanc

Woollen Factory OS 1 89 1 , Mill OS 1 982

Ffatri Towerhill -( SN 3 68-437)[ffatri + tn.

Towerbill (l 2-a)];

Towerhill Factory (Woollen) OS 1 89 1 , Ffactri Tmver Hi11 1 905 E.Davies p.48 b. l 85 5 [ 1 905 E. Davies: 48] . Ffosffin - ( SN 372-454)[ffos + y + ffit1] ; [ fo: s� fi : n E. '

Williams, 1 A. Gri:ffitb.s]

Ffo s y Ffyn 1 8 1 8PR LlangyPJlo, Ffos y Ffin 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Ffos-y-ffi11 O S 1 89 1 , Ffosffm 1 905 E.Davies p . 3 5

Theflin i n this name refers to the boundaries of farm-holdi.'1gs. FFOSTRASOL - ( SN 372�476) [ffos + y + trosol] ; [f:>s'tras:>l J. Dafis, pentre,pen'sarn I. A Griffiths]

0. Rees, I. .A_. Griffiths, old name

Ffostrasol O S 1 904, 'gelwir pentrefFfostrasol yn am! yn' Pensarn 1 978 M. Jones p.22

inn o f tb.at r.ame, straddles the parishes of Troedrour-ucha, Llandysul, and Pentre Pensarn, named after Pensarn (1 4�a), and it would seem tlmt Ffostrasol was originally simply an alias of Pensarn. It is the Post Office wr.ich changed the name [inf I. A. Griffiths] . Accordi.t1g to local il1£ormants (inf I. A. Griffitl>.s] the place got its name from the marshy nature The village, centred around the

Llangynllo . Its old name was

of the ground, which meant tb.at horses b.ad to be b.arnessed to pull carriages, this is called

ke'file �n tras:>.

The use of

tras:l

in the area lasted until the 1 940s, this explanation is certaiPJy

preferable to the explar.ation of GPC

[s.v. asol, atsofl] from *Ffos Tira(t)so(l)l). Hov.rever the first in the name, nor the second the

etymology does not satisfactorily explait"l the o ccurrence of oc.currence of . I prefer a 11.ame that alludes to a ditch

(ffos) that was so much of an impediment to (trosol) was needed to prize them out, cf h.11. Ffostrosol, and for a sifllilar ideas Ffos-y-cenglau (33-b) , and Penbont Rhyd-y-bothau (1 8-a). The rather than expected may be due to a dissi.Tilation of --t (cf the variant spellings Blaentaso! 1 8 1 1 , Blaentrasso! 1 8 1 7 of Blaentrosol, 1 2�a). Other examples tl-.at point to a sitnilar penulti.'Ilate dissi.T.ilation are: coranau (sg. coron) (e.g. coron pl. crcma (Caemarfon) [ 1 950 T. Hudson-Williams: 68]); llywannen (� llywionen); tn. Merianog (Meline) [ 1 992 PN Pembs: 106], which I derive from myrion 'ants' + -og, cf the Breton toponyw.s ar Verieneg (Kennar. ia-Sulard, Cotes-d'.Annor), 1\![erioneg (ElveP..., lvlorbi.lJ.a.r1), Le 11..1erienezif (Langon, I!le-et-Vilaine), !vforionoc 1 01hcent. [ 1 975 B. Tangu.y 1 29-30]. The word myrion has the suffix -ion - which was never *-iaun - so that the dissimilation --t apparent i.'1 the pn. Anarod (� �1\:X/. Anaraut, 0'}-1. Anauraut), and perr.aps tarog 'tick' (at least if t.�e OB. toroc, l\1nB . teureug represents its regular cognate [I. Williams i11 1 944 BBCS: 1 1 . 1 40--41 ]) could never have taken place in Merianog (for other examples of stressed becomi.llg in Cardiganshire Welsh, see sub Rhiwonnen (21 -a) ; cf. Pantrasol (22-a); Llanio (32-a). carts that a 'crowbar'

Comprising: 1) Bwlch (9-a), 2) Ffosbeili (9-a), 3) Ffostrasol, 4) Llain Ffostrasol, 5) Lhvynteg (9-a), 6) Llyscerdin (9-a), 7) Llysgwyn (1 4-a), 8) Pendre (9-a), 9) Pensam (1 4-a).

199

(1 3) GWYNIONYDD Ffynnonlas -(SN 348-443)[ffy:nnon + glas] ; FfyP..non-Ias O S 1 89 1

Ffynb.onwen -(SN 3 63 -432) [ffyP..non + gwen] ; [f�n'h:lnwen E. Vvilliams, fm':lnwen 1\A. Thomas] Y F:fynnon \Ven 1 564rent, Tyr y Fr;nnhon \Ven 1 63 0 F. Green :!'.1SS vol.25 p. 1 6, Y Ffyn Honwen 1 65 1 rent, Tir Ff)rn,."'lon \Ven 1 684 Bromvydd ]\iSS , Fin...."'lon \Vi."'l 1 734 Bronwydd �1SS, Ffynnon Wen 1 743 Bronwydd MSS, Fyn..honwen 1 754 Bronwydd MSS, Ffytmon Wyn als. Ffyfl..non Wen 1 759 Bromvydd MSS, Funonwch 1 785 Bronwydd M..SS , Ffynnonwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , FfyP..non-wen O S 1 834, Ffynnon-\ven OS 1 891

Foe!a!!t -(SN 3 59-420)[y + moel + allt] ; Foelallt 1 764-65 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, Voilallt 1 773 l\.1.Ricr.ardson :!'.1S 1 85, Voillallt 1 8 1 4PR Llandyfriog, Voelallt 1 8 1 5PR Llangynllo, Voylallt 1 823PR LlangyPJlo, Foel-allt OS 1 834

Two dwellings which are ruins since frfty years (1 905 E. Davies: 35] ; cf Y Foe! (1 3-b); cf Faelallt (32-a).

Frondeg -(SN 3 68-456) [y + bron + teg] ; Fron-deg OS 1 891

Garreglven =(SN 347=473)[y + carreg + gwent [gareg'wen }v1. Thomas] Tan Yard 1 839TMS, Gareg-wen OS 1 89 1

.A tannery [ inf. M . Thomas] . C-ernos -(SN 364-450)[y + cu..rn + -os] ; Y Gernos ycha, Geirnos yssaf, Blaen y Geirnos, Tir oddyar Rr..iwr Geirnos 1 564rent, C--oernos c. 1 600 L.Dwtm vol. l p. 1 49, Gernos 1 602 G Owen vol.4 p.476, Geirnos 1 61 1 Bronwydd MSS, Gemos 1 628 F. Green M..S S vo1.25 p.22, Y Gernos issa, Troed Rhiw'r Geyrnos 1 65 1 rent, Geirnos 1 665PR Troedrour, Gurnos 1 670 CD, Geyrnoss c. 1 693 RepWl\1SS vol. l pt.2 p. 729, Gernoss c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p . 9 1 , Tyr y Gernos issa + ycha 1 7 1 3 :!'AJlichardson MS 1 69, Gernoss 1 73 7 l\A.Richardson M...S 1 74, Gurnos 1 760map E.Bowen, Gurnas 1 765map E .Bowen

et a!. , C--.ernose, Tyr Gernose issa + ycha 1 773

I\1Richardson I\-1S 1 85, Gemos 1 803map J. Singer, C-ernos O OS 1 81 1 , Girnos 1 83 6 Bromvydd M:SS, Gernos Mansion 1 83 9TMS, Gernos OS 1 89 1 , Mount Gernos OS 1 904, Caerynos 'the Pight camp', now called Gernos 1 905 E.Davies p. 20 1 , Mou11t Gemos 1 929 TS 3 0/08/29, o'r Gernos 1 979 CER vol 8 p.465, Gernos Farm OS 1 982 A certain

Tyler fa..Tily lived

in

Gernos duri11g the ni11eteenth centu..ry [ 1 977 CER: 8 1 6 1 ] and it is probably .

they who renamed the mansion l'.1ount Gernos; see 1 850 J. James p. 1 6. ..

Gernos Lodge -(SN 3 5 5 -450)[tn. Gemos (12-a) + E. lodge] ; Lodge 1 82 8PR Llangynllo, Gernos Lodge OS 1 89 1

G!asfryn -(SN 3 82-446)[glas + bryn] ; Glasfryn O S 1 904 b.bet. 1 89 1 -1 904 (OS 1 891 ; OS1 904] .

Glennydd -(SN 346-469)[glennydd] ; Glennydd O S 1 982

Glen View -(SN 3 5 3 -444) [E. glen + view] ; Glen View OS 1 982

Glyndewi - (SN 3 77-46 l )[glyn + pn. Dewi]; [g lm dewi I. A Griffiths] '

Glyn-dewi OS 1 982

Graig-fach -(SN 366-423)[y + craig + bach] ; Graig fach 1 796 Bronv.')ldd l\.1S S, Graig-fach cott. 1 83 9Th1S

Gwarllyn -(SN 357-428)[gwar + y + llyn] ; Gwarllyn 1 8 1 7PR Llangynllo, Gwar-llyn OS 1 89 1

Llain -(SN 374-446)[11ain] ; [iajn E . \Villiams] Llain ? 1 81 8PR LlangyrJlo, LlV.yn OS 1 89 1 , Llv.yn 0Sc. 1 950, Llain O S 1 982

Llain Ffostraso! -(SN 372-474)[llai.f1 + tn. Ffostrasol (1 2-a)] ; [iajn I.

A Griffiths]

Llain-Ffostrasol 1 823PR Llangynllo, Llain Eba�[ ] 'y Delyn, Llain Ebach'y Delyn 1 83 9TM..S, Llain Fostrasol 1 84 1 cens.

Llangynllo -(SN 3 5 1=439)[llan + prL CyrJlo ] ; (lag'gmb 0. Rees, E. \Villian1s, I. l� . Griffiths , f.aQ'geni;> l\.1. ..

Thomas] Lan..l(epJan 1 29 1 Tax.Eccl p.272, 'rector' La..flkerellan 1 292 subsidy p.220, Llangvmllo 1 3 99 ERST-David p. 92, Llanguynllo 1 40 1 ERSt-David p. 3 54, Llanguyllo 1 407 ERSt-David p. 3 78, Llangenllo 1407 ERSt-

200

(13) GWYNIONYDD David p.407, Llangunllo 1 486 ERSt-David p.470, LlangyrJlo 1 493 ERSt-David p.672, Llangonlley, Llangonlle 1 5 1 8 ERSt-David p. 852, Ll. Gynllo c. 1 566EPC, LlangiPJlo 1 589 Nouadd MSS, LlangiP..nllo 1 589 Nouadd MSS, Llangwnllo 1 63 3 Bromvydd MSS, Llangun.111loe 1 70 1 Bromvydd MSS, Llangillo (s ic ) 1 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-37, Llangunlloe 1 73 0 Bl'LJ\. ( 1 955) MSS p.48, Langynllo 1 739 Pengelli MS S, Llan Gynllo 1 799EPC, LlangwrJlo 1 803rnap J. S inger, LlangurJlo OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llangunelo 1 849 Bronwydd MSS, LlangyrJlo, St. CyrJlo's Church (Rectory) + Glebe Farm OS 1 89 1 , Glebe Farm + Church OS 1 982, Fferm Llangyunllo 1 983 C--arthen n. 23 There is talk of 6yl Gynllo [fl. l485a L. Glyncothi: 1 0 9] ; G[ltyl] Gynllo frenin (no date given) [1 500% Dem.Calend.] ; feast-day of Cynllo on the seventeenth of July [1 994 P. 6 Riain: 389] ; "Two pedigrees are on record for Cyrl.lo. One underli.11es b..is connection with Cardiganshire by rr1aking hi.1TI a descendant of Ceredig. The other relates to his church at Rhaeadr i.11 Radnorshire. " [ 1 994 P. 6 Riai.'l: 38 9] . The etymology given by P. 6 RJain [ 1 994: 389] mak ing the name cognate with OI.pn, Conlaed (composed of *cuno-loig \volf-cal£) is unconvinci.>Jg; it is more likely to be *llmt' a by=form of llau ' light', as the earliest form (recte Lankenlau) shows, another form of this name might be found i.� Cilgynllau (21 -a), and Nantpmllau (41-a) cert.ainly has a personal-name with the element llau 'light'. Saint Cynllo was honoured at F..hayader (Rads.) and gave his name to Llangynllo (Rads.); cf. 1'vfelingynllo (3-a); cf. B.tn. Conleau (Vannes, :f\.1orbi.han). Church reb. 1 81 0 [ 1 81 1 N. Carlisle s.v. Llan GyrJlo] ; reb. l 875, rectory with 1 20 acres of glebeland [1905 E. Davies: 72]; the living is a rectory in the gift of the freeholders of the parish [c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 1 5 9] . L!ei.11au -(SN 369-475)[lleiPi�u] ; Lleine 1 795PR Troedrour, Lleine 1 83 91MS Llethr-bach -(SN 368-464)[llethr (+ bach)]; [!e-6er'ba:x, I. A. Griffiths] Llether bach 1 822 M.Richardson 1'�1S 208, Llethr�bach OS1 891 L!ethr-mawr -(SN 370-461 )[llethr (+ mawr] ; [le·Ber'mowr I. A Griffiths] Llether y Widdon ? 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Llether mawre 1 7 1 3 M.Richardson MS 1 69, Llethermawr 1 794 .l\1.F.ichardson M.£ 1 99, Llether n:la\\lf 1 803rr..a p J. Singer, Lletharmawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llether-rr.awr 1 8 1 3PR Llangynllo, Llethr 1 81 5PR LlangyrJlo, Llethr-mawr OS 1 834, Llethr-mawr OS 1 891 Llwynffynnon -(SN 374-447)[lhvyn + y + ffynnon] ; [iujn'fm�n Rh. Tho mas] Llwyn-ffynnon OS 1 891 Lon -(SN 364-439)[lon]; Lane 1 8 1 3PR Llangynllo, Lon 1 820PR LlangyrJlo, Cv.'rmni.'1S-isaf OS 1 834, Lon 1 839TIAS, Lon OS 1 891 Lookabout -(SN 358-434)[E. look + about] ; Lookabout 1 8 1 7PR Llangynllo, Look-about 08 1 834, Look-about 08 1 89 1 , Look-about O S 1 904, Look­ about 1 8 3 1 PR Llandyfr1og, Look About 1 839Th1S, Coedfryn 0Sc. 1 950 Maes-yr-haf -(SN 379-46l )[rr.aes + yr + hat] ; [majs�'hra:v I. A. Griffith s] .l\1aes-yr�haf OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 891-1 904 (OS1891 ; OS1904] . Maesg!yn -(SN 3 75-458)[maes + y + glyn] ; [majs� g lm E. Williams, I. A. Griffiths] .l\1aesglyn OS 1 982 The glyn is extracted from Clunlynod (1 3-a). Maes-y-!!an -(SN 3 82-444) [rnaes + y + llan] ; Nlaes-y-llan OS 1 891 Which !!an is being referred to? Is it for !an as in Cros-lan ( 13-a)? Maesllyn -(SN 367-446)[maes + y + llyn]; [mas'lm E. Williams] Maesllyn 1 773 MRichardson MS 1 85, Maes y Llyn 1 803w..ap J. S inger, Maesyllyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , M...aslyn 1 841 cens., Maes-y-llyn OS 1 89 1 , Maesllyn OS 1 904 Melin C-emos -(SN 366-441) [meli.11 + tn. Gernos (1 3-a)] ; Y Velin 1 564rent, J\1elin Gv1erchyr 1 65 l rent, J\1elyn Gwerthyr 1 71 3 1'�1.Richardson .l\1S 1 69, Gemos J\1ill 1 773 .l\1.Richardson l\1S 1 85, Felin G--ernos OOS 1 8 1 1 , Felin Gernos OS 1 834, Feli.� Gernos (Corn) OS 1 89 1 , Feli11 0Sc. 1 950 Mill Terrace -(SN 368 446)[E. mill + terrace] ; Mill Terrace OS 1 982 Nantffmen -(SN 355-470)[nant + lm. Ffmen] ; [nant'fmen .l\1 Thorrms] Nant y Ffynnon 1 65 l rent, Nantyfy11no n 1 799PR Troedrour, Nantyfenin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-ffmau OS 1 834, Nantyffynn ne 1 83 2PR L!andyfr!og, Nant'y-ffynnen 1 83 9TMS, Nant-:ffi.nn na t OS 1 89 1 '

-

201

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD The variation between the fonns jjjmnon and .ffinen is problematic, cf LlaH'emeg (71 -a). If Ffinen is correct, then the term ffin is s uitable if it refers to the nearby river Collen which is the lin:1it between the cmmnotes of ls-c.oed Uwch-Hirwem and Gwynionydd. If ffjmnon is correct, then it may refer to the spring some 200m El'lE of the site of Nantffinen . Nantgwylan -{SN 34 9-456) [nant + g'vvylan] ; Blaen Nant Gwylen 1 564rent, Nant Gv.)'len, Blaen Nant Gwillan 1 65 l rent, Nant Gwden 1 760rr.ap E.Bowen, Nantgv.rilan 1 760CF, Nant GVvylan 1 787sur map, Nant Gwen Llan 1 803map J. Singer, Nantgwylan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantgwillan 1 825PR Troedrour, Nantgw11j:ln 1 837TMS Troedrour, Nantyddv..rylan 1 840 Bronwydd MSS, Nant-gVi.rylan OS 1 89 1 , Nantc,vilan als. Nantgwylan 1 924-26 CSRLS 8, Nantgv;.'Y!an 0Sc. 1 950, Golygfa inf O.Rees 1Vant-y-dtAvylan as some maintain [ 1 905 E. Davies: 43] , is a popular et)-mology attested as early as 1 840. The form of 1 803 has confhsed this name with nearby Blaengwenllan ( l l �a). Gwylan was given c. 1 700 as the name of the river of the neighbourhood, later found as Afon Cynllo, but both names may l1ave been extracted from the tns. Nantgwylan and Llang;mllo (1 2-a) - cf River Llavar [ 1 667/68 CD 59] . The name appears to be composed with gwylan 'seagull' (which as a feminine noun, composed with nant would be expected to give Nant( -y-)wylan, though an arcl-..aic place-name might forego the defL'lite article, explaining our for m). Two of the earliest forms give gwylen Vv'l>.ich may point to an earlier plural gwylain, but 'seagull(s)' seem an ir.appropriate qualifier for this inland area, u.'lless it \Vas an area they frequently resorted to when there were storms at s ea. Nantpopdy -(SN 3 50-450)[nant + y + popdy] ; [nam 'p:)pti 0. Rees] Nant y Popty 1 564rent, Nant y Pobty 1 73 9 MRichardson �1S 1 75, Nant y Pobdy 1 760CF, Nantypopti OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant y Popty bach (prox. ) 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, Nantpobdy 1 84l cens. , Nant-y-pobty OS 1 891 , Nantpobty 1 905 E.Davies, Nant'poptu 1 984 CN 09/1 1 /84 p. 54 New House -(SN 3 65-453)[E. new + house]; New House OS 1 89 1 Niwgat -(SN 357-469)[E. new + gate]; [mwgat l\1. H. Davies] Newgate 1 841 cens. , Newgate c. 1 900 WFM MS 1 520/1 , Niw-gat 1 968 WFM MS 1 520/2 p. 1 , New Gate (sign) Pa..qt -(S N 3 62-439)[pant] ; Pa.�t 1 8 1 4PR LlangyrJlo, Pant OS 189 1 , Pant cott 1 93 7 Jor.u� Francis �1S S vol.2 p. 1 02 Pa..YJ.t-bach - ( SN 3 6 7-442) [pant (+ bach)] ; [pant'ba:x E. \Villiams] Y Pant bach, Pen Allt Kwerchyr 1 564rent, Tir Pant bach 1 649 Bronwydd MSS, Pant bach 1 65 l rent, Tyr y Pant bach als. Tyr Penallt Gwerther 1 684 Bromvydd �1SS, Pont bach >1 756 Brom\')'dd MSS, Pant bach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-bach OS 1 89 1 Pantrefail - ( SN 3 6 7- 474)[ pant + yr + efail]; [pant'revel 0 . Rees, I . l1... Griffiths] Nartt yr Evaill 1 65 1 rent, Pant yr Evell 1 7 1 3 MRichardson MS 1 69, Pantyrafel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pantyrefel 1 8 1 8PR Llanfair Orllwyn, Pant'r-efail OS1 834, Pant yr Efail 1 839TMS, Pant-yr-efail OS 1 891 Probably refers to Efail (13-a). Pantglas -(SN 370-459)(pant + glas] ; [pant'gla:s I. A. Griffiths] Pant Glas 1 584 Nouadd MSS, Pant-glas OS 1 891 Pant-mawr -(SN 3 68-440)[pant (+ mawr)] ; Y Pant ma\vr 1 564rent, Tmverb.ill als. (sic) Pant..T..av.'f 1 797 Bromvydd r.ASS, Pant mawr 1 83 4PR L!angyrJlo , Pant-mawr O S 1 8 9 1 Pactsais -(SN 371 -458)[p�'lt + y + sais]; [pant'sajs I. /•.._. Griffiths] Aber Pant y Sais 1 564rent, Pant y Sais 1 65 1 rent, Pant y Sais 1 71 3 M Fichardson MS 1 69, Tyr Pant Sais 1 774 l\1ynachdy l\1S S, Pantsais OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant Sais OS 1 834, Pant'y- sais cot.e 1 83 9Th1S, Pant Sais OS1 89 1 Pant=teg -( SN 372-444)[pant + teg]; Panteg OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant-teg 1 81 3PR Llangynllo, Pant-teg 1 827PR LlangynJlo , Pant Teg OS 1 834, Pant­ teg OS 1 89 1 , Pant-teg OS1 904, Pantteg 1 905 E.Davies p. l 6 1 , Pant-teg 0Sc. l 950 Parc-badau -(SN 3 59-43 9)[parc + l>..adau] ; Parc-hadau OS 1 89 1 , Parc-hadau OS1 904, i Bare Hadau 1 930 J. J. l\1organ p.8, Parc-yr-hadau OS 1 982 Penrallt - ( S N 348-447)[pen + yr + allt] ; Penyrallt 1 821PR Llangynllo, Penrallt 1 823PR LlangyPJlo, Pen-yr-allt OS 1 89 1 202

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD Penbeili=mawr =(SN 3 63=436)[pen + y + beili (+ ma'vvr)] ; ( pen'bejli E. \Villiams] Baili G[riffith] Goch 1 564rent, Pen y Baili Coch 1 65 l rent, Pen y Byly c. 1 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p . 9 1 , Penybayly 1 725 BRA. ( 1 95 5) J\AS S BRft� ( 1 955) l\1S S

p. 47, Pen y Bayly Coch 1 725 Cilgwyn I MSS , Peny Baily Coch 1 725 p.48, Pen y Beily 1 760CF, Gallt Pen y Baily 1 760map E.Bm.ven, i Ben y Beili 1 766

L.J\1orris in 1 949 H. Ov.ren p. 677, Penybaili 1 78 6PR Troedrour, Penybaily 1 795 Bronvvydd MS S, of Benybayly 1 796 Bron�ydd l\1S S, Pen y Baili, 'before' Pen y Beili Bedw 'on account of a tu.mulus near it' 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 20 1 , Penbailey OOS 1 8 1 1 , Penybaily 1 820PR LlangynJlo, Penybayli 1 82 1 PR Llandyfriog, Pen-baili-w..awr O S 1 834, Pen'y Bailey 1 83 9TM..S , Penbeili 1 905 E.Davies p. 1 3 4, Penbeili­ ma'vvr, (c) Allt Beili-mawr (prox.) O S 1 8 9 1 -mawr i s in opposition t o Penbeili-bach (1 1-a). The first form, Baili G[ ] Goch could feasibly stand Gromvy Goch, a person of that name r..ad his seat at Gweman (lO-a) accordi."lg to E. Lhuyd [c. 1 700:

The for

3.90] .

Penffynnon -(SN 372-45 l )[pen + y + ff.Ynnon] ; [pen'fm::m E. Williaw..s] Pen..fo fynn n OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen y Ffynon 1 823PR LlangyPJlo, Peny-ffunon 1 827PR Llangynllo, Pen-fPJilllon OS 1 8 3 4, Pen..ffynnon cot . 8 1 83 9TMJ;, Pen-y-:ffyr..non O S 1 89 1

Pengallt -(SN 3 69-430)[pen + allt]; [beugaH E. William..s, �'beugaH I. A. Griffitl"t..s] Pen �Alit Gokyn ? 1 564rent, PeP..allt Bronwidd 1 78 5 Bronwydd MSS , Cefen Bwlch y Ddv.')'fed ? 1 786 Bronwydd l\1S S, 'upper pt. of Ceven Bwlchyddv;yfed, 'called' Pengallt 1 78 8 Brom.vydd l\1S S , Pengallt 1 8 1 3PR Llangy:rJlo, Pen-gallt O S 1 834, Pen-alit, (c) P.Jlt Pen-gallt O S 1 89 1 See Bwlch-y-dchvyfed (12�a).

Penllwybr -(SN 375-46 l )[pen + y + llwybr] ; [pen'i'ojlnr I.

A Griffit.h s]

Pen-lh\')'byr OS 1 904, Penlh\')'br O S 1 98 2

Pen!on - (SN 3 54-444) [pen + y + Ion] ; Penlone 1 8 1 8PR Llangynllo, Pen-Ion O S 1 89 1 , Penlon 1 905 E. Davies p . 3 5

Penmownt -(SN 367-452)[pen + y + E. mount] ; Penmount OOS 1 81 1 , Pen y Mount 1 828PR Llangynllo, Pen-mount OS 1 834, Pen-mount OS 1 89 1 , Pen l\1ovmt 1 93 0 J. J.l\1organ p . 5

Penrhos - ( S N 3 8 1 -455)[pen + y + rhos]; [ penr=>s E. Davies (Llai11mrth)) Depot OS 1 982, Pemhos (sign). b.bet. l 904-82

(081 904; 081982] .

Up to at least 1 904 the land on either side of the road was u.tJ.cultivated

moorland.

Persondy -(SN 349-43 6)[persondy] ; Persandy OOS 1 8 1 1 , Persondu 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Llangunllo Parsonage 1 823PR Llangynllo, Person-dy OS 1 834, Persondy 1 83 9TMS Rui..11S [ 1 905 E.

Davies: 34] ; see Rect01Jl (l2-a). Postgwyn -(SN 3 73 -479)[post + g'..".')'n] ; [(c) ka·'r;,nen (prox.) I. A. Griffiths] Post-gv.yn O S 1 89 1

Quarry -(SN 3 56-427)[E. quarry] ; Quarry 1 822PR Llangynllo, Quary 1 826PR L!andyfr!og, Quarry Cott..age OS 1 891

Rectory -(SN 3 5 1 -439)[E. rectory] ; LlanguPllo Rectory 1 83 9Tl\1S, Rectory O S 1 89 1 , The Old Rectory OS 1 982 This probably replaced Persondy (12-a) as the rector's residence, as it was much nearer the church. R..lt iwlas -(SN 3 66-426)[rhiw + glas]; .Rhiwlas 1 8 1 9PR Llangynllo, R.l}iwlas OS 1 89 1 , Rhiwlas 1 905 E .Davies p. 3 5

Rhos-hu! -(SN 360-466)[tn. P""�os-hul] ; [hro:s'hrl I. A . Griffiths] ��os-hill OS 1 982 \Vhile the elements are clearly descriptive of tr..is location, it has emulated

Rhcslwyn

the hybrid name RJws-hul (3-a).

-(SN 3 53-447)[rhos + lhvyn] ;

Rhosh\')'n OS 1 982

Rhydgoch -(SN 3 67-462) [rhyd + coch] ; Tir y Rhyd Goch 1 564rent, Rhid Gey 1 65 l rent, .Rhyd Goch c. l 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p . 9 1 , Tyr .Rhyd Goch 1 773 M. Rich..ardson MS 1 84, Rhydcoch 1 78 3 M. Richardson MS 1 92, Rhydcoch OOS 1 8 1 1 , R.hyd-goch 1 8 1 5PR LlangypJlo, Rhyd-goch O S 1 89 1 , Rhydgoch Farm OS 1 98 2

Sbeit -(SN 3 78-443) [E . spite] ; 203

( 1 3) GWYNIONYDD Spite cote 1 839TMS Tanrallt -(SN 3 68-433 )[tan + yr + allt] ; Tanyrallt 1 8 1 6PR Llangynllo, Danyrallt 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Danrallt 1 841 cens. , Dan-yr-allt OS 1 904 Tan-y-groes -(SN 378-462)[tan + y + croes] ; Tan-y-groes OS 1 904 Towerhill - ( SN 3 73-439)[E.tn. Towerhill (Tytherington, Gloucs.)]; [tow�r'hil E. Williams] Towerhill als. (sic) Pantmawr 1 797 Bronwydd MSS, Towerhill OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tower-hill 1 8 1 4PR Llangynllo, Towerhill l 8 1 8PR L1angynllo, Tower-hill OS1 834, Towerhill Farm OS 1 982 "Yn Tower HiL yr oedd gWt- boneddig o'r enw Thomas Lewis yn byw. " [1 904 J. Evans: 241 ]. David Lewis, a brother to Thomas Lewis ( 1 725-1 8 1 1 ), lived here in the eighteenth century, he settled in Bristol, firstly as a cooper, but proceeded to become a rich and famous merchant and, according to one authority, he lived in Towerhill near BristoL from which one supposes his old home in Llangynllo parish got its present name, if ever it had another name [ 1 905 E. Davies: 1 62] . The parish of Tytherington lies some 1 7km NNE of Bristol; cf. Towerhill (20-a, 26-a, 40-a; SN 26-38, Cenarth, Canns.). Ty-newydd -(SN 3 59-439)[1)' + newydd] ; Ty-newydd OS 1 891 Waring -(SN 363-444)[y + gwarin + -g] ; (c) Warren OS 1 891 , Waring 1 905 E.Davies p. 34 Waunlas -(SN 366-464)[y + gwaun + glas] ; Waunlas OS 1 982 Wem -(SN 344-470)[y + gwern]; Wem 1 83 9TMS, Wem 1 926 WFM MS 1 650/1 6, 'r Wem c. l 925 WFM MS 1 650/1 8 Wemddu -(SN 3 73-449)[y + gwern + du] ; [wer' 1 26 5( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Dyffryn Keveil (prox. ) 1 564rent, Aberkevell 1 750 REvans �1SS , Abercafel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Abercefel l 82 1 PR Llandysul, Aber-cefel O S 1 834, Aber-cefel O S 1 89 1

Abercerdin -(SN 420-41 5) [aber + h..t1. Cerdin] ; [aber'kerdm E . Williaw..s] Aberkerdin > 1 265( 1 3 32) c-art. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63, Aber Kerdin 1 564rent, Aber CerdL'l 1 65 1 rent {v.l. R J. Thomas} , Aberkerdyn 1 750 R Evans 11SS, Abercerdin 1 794PR Llandysul, Aber Cerdin 1 803map J. SiP..ger, Abercarden OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pontgerdin ? 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, LA,._bar KerdL.'l 1 8 1 8PR Llandysul, Aber­ cerdin OS 1 834, Abercerdyn 1 84 1 TMS, Aber-cerdin Facto:r; (\l!oollen) O S 1 891 , Aber-cerdin Mills

Mills OS 1 982 G. Jep_l(ins: 1 37] .

OS 1 904, Mills 0Sc. 1 950, Aber-cerdin

A woollen factory 1 870-1946 [1 984 J.

Aberc!etwr -(SN 444-405)[aber + h.'l. Clet\vr] ; Aberglett\vr O O S 1 8 1 1 , Abarclettwr 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL Aber-cletwr O S 1 834, Aber-clett\vr O S 1 891

Aberei.non -(SN 452-426)[aber + r..n. Einon] ; [ab�r'ejn:ln, ab�'ejn:ln J. Thomas]

i bont Aber Einon >1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p . 848, Aberynon 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) l\!f _.SS p. 1 24, Aber-eLTlon 0 8 1 834, Aberinon 1 84 1 Th1S, Aber-einon 0 8 1 8 9 1

See sub BlN Cilgraig (14-b), see sub Domenlas (78-b). Abergarddau -(SN 447-42 l )[aber + garddau] ; [aber'g ar(')e J. Thomas] Abergarthe 1 744 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 54, Abergarde 1 747 BRA ( 1 95 5) MS S p. 1 1 4, Abergardde 1 75 8rent, Abergardde 1 790 BR.t\ ( 1 955) M �S p. 1 25, Abergarddau 1 790PR Llandysul, Abergardde 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Abergaroe 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Abergardde 1 84 1 Th1S, Cwm-tegrhyd (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Aber-gardde OS 1 904

Aberythan -(SN 4 1 1 -427)[aber + hn. Ythan]; [a'berean, a 'b�rean, aber'ISan, aber'�Ban E. Williaro..s] Aber Nythan 1 65 l rent, Aberuthan 1 808PR Bangor, Aberythan OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aber-ythan O S 1 834, Aber­ ythan OS 1 904

Mallon -(SN 41 4-455)[tn. Afallon] ; [av'abn E. \Villiams] Mallon OS 1 982

AUt-y-gof -(SN 459-4 1 5)[allt + y + gof] ; [aH�'go:g J. Thomas]

BFi\ ( 1 955) �1S S p. l l , i\lltygo 1 747 BRA. BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 67, Alltygof OOS 1 8 1 1 , Alit y Gof 1 82 1 PR LlandysuL .AJlt-y-gof O S 1 8 3 4, Alit y Go 1 837PR LlandysuL Gallt-y-gof 1 84 1 TMS, .Allt-y-gog O S 1 891 , Alltygove 1 706 BRA. ( 1 95 5) �1S S p. 1 07, Alty Gove 1 742

.. .

( 1 955) MSS p. 1 1 3 , Alltygof 1 790

Allt-y-gog osc. 1 950

Alltrodyn -(SN 449-442)[allt + yr + odyn] ; [ai tr:ldm M EvaP.s, p!a:s,aH'r:ldm N. Thomas, J. Thomas, farm,aH 'r:ldm J. Thomas] Gallt yr Odyn 1 648 BR�A. ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 3 7, AJltyrodyn 1 649 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p . 3 8, Alt yr Odyn 1 65 8 '

BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 39, Alltyrodyn 1 657 Cawdor (Lort) MSS, Tyr Alt y r Odyn 1 679 BF..A ( 1 955) MSS p. l 04, .AJt yr OdLfl 1 679 BRA ( 1 95 5) r-AS S p . 42, Tir LAJlt-r-odyn 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston J.Davies p.48, Gallt yr Odin 1 728/29 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l 08, Gallt yr Odin 1 760map E. B owen,

& Alit yr

Odyn 1 803map J. Singer, Allt'Jrodin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Allt-yr-odyn OS 1 834, Allt-yr-odL.� + Chapel 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Galltyrodyn 1 860 Cyf Eist. Llanbedr p . 88, Allt-yr-odyn OS 1 89 1 , Galltrodyn (dialect) 1 896 ¥/. J.Davies p. 272, Galltyrodyn 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 3 27, i\lltyrodyn + Alltyrodyn Farm 0 8 1 982

AJ.ltrod.yn-fach -(SN 453-44 1 )[a!lt + yr + odyn (+ bach)] ; [ ait,r:ldm'va:z, (c) p:lnt,aH,r�dm'va:x J. Thomas] Allt'r-odyn fach 1 83 1 PR LlandysuL ftJlt yr Odyn fuch 1 832PR LlandysuL Lodge OS 1 89 1 , S outh Lodge (sign)

Ama.:qt -(SN 442-456) [ar- + P.ant]; Amant O S 1 982

Arosfa -(SN 406-449){aros + -fa] ; [ar':>sva E. \Villiams, N. Thmnas] Arosfa OS 1 982

Ba.11c Ca�teUhywe! -(SN c.452-48 1 ) [bane + tn. Castellhywel (1 4-a)]; Bane OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bank Castle Howe! 1 826PR Llandysul, Bane OS 1 834

Bancfoe! -(SN 446-426)[banc + tn. Foel (14-a)] ; Bankvoel, BarJcy Voel l 84 1 TMS, Pantyfoel ? 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 63

Bane Llanfair -(SN 43 8-4 1 2) [banc + tn. Llanfair (1 4-a)] ; [bagk'l-anver S. Williams] 206

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Banc-llanfair 08 1 89 1 , The J\1ansion House of Llanfair Farm of Bank Llanfair 1 908 J.Francis 1'.1SS vol.2 p. 97 Banc-y-plas -(SN 455-413)[banc + y + plas]; [bagk�'pla:s J. Thomas] Banc-y-plas OS1 891 Tr.is r.ame is also given to the su.-r:rounding houses [inf J. Thomas] . The plas referred to is Gwaunifor (1 4�a). Banc-y-plas Cottage -(SN 455-41 2)[tn. Banc-y-plas (1 4-a) + E. cottage]; Ty newydd Bankyplas ? 1 884 John Francis M..SS vol.2 p. 97, Banc-y-plas-Cottage OS 1 89 1 Bargod -(8N 383-463) [ar- + coed] ; [barg:xl E . Williarr1s, N . Thomas, (c) hnw'barg;,d (prox. ) I . A . Griffiths] Argod y Brain 1 564rent, Barged y Brain 1 65 1 rent, Tyr P..rcoed y Brain, Bargoed J\1ill 1 774 J\1yr.achdy MSS, Bargoed 1 798PR Troedrour, Bargoed 008 1 81 1 , Argoed 1 825PR Troedrour, Bargoed O S 1 834, Bargod 1 832PR LlangyPJlo, Bargod y Brain 1 84 1 TM..S, Byrgoed OS 1 89 1 , Bargoed OS 1 904 The added epithet brain w.akes it more likely that argoed was the original meaning not bargod; cf. Bargod and Argoed-y-gofain (22-a). Barley Mow -(SN 41 7-406)[E. barley + mow] ; Barley J\1ou.'1t 1 826PR Llandysul Barley ]\.1ow 1 827PR LlandysuL Barley l',.1ow 1 84 1 cens. Beeches -(SN 4 1 4-409)[E. beeches] ; The Beeches OS 1 982, Beeches, Ffawydd (sign) A housing estate. Beili =(SN 3 99=450)[beili]; [bejli E. \Villia.T.s, N. Thomas] Tir Bailie Rees ap Ieuan 1 573 Cilg'vyn I MSS, Blailabeth ? 1 65 1 rent, Baily OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed Rbiw'r Baili ? 1 822PR Llallc, oynllo , Baily 1 841 TMS, Bily, Bily als. Beily 1 887 John Francis MSS vo1. 2 p.5, Beili 08 1 89 1 Beili-bach -(SN 399-449)[beili (+ bach)] ; [bejli'ba:z E. \Villia1r.s] Bayly bach ? 1 7 1 8/19 D. T.M.Jones MSS vol. 4 p. 764, Caire als. Beily bach ? 1 760CF, Bailey bach 1 769 Davies-Evans M..SS, Bilibach 1 8 1 9 BRA.. ( 1 95 5) M..SS p. 1 3 1 , Beili-bach OS1 834, Beili-bach OS1 891 The old name of Rhyd.fenai (14-a) was also Beili-bach; cf Blaenafon (9-a). Bei!i-gwyn -(SN 461 -447)(beili + gwyn] ; [ bejli g wm J. Thomas] Tyr y Bayly Gwyne 1 672 BRA (1 955) MSS p. 1 04, Bayly Gwyn 1 706 BIV\ ( 1 955) MSS p. l 07, Bailey Gwynn 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l l 3, Bayli Gwyn 1 805PR LlandysuL Balygwyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Baili-Gwyn OS1 834, Baily-gwyn 1 84 1 TMS, Beili-gwyn OS 1 891 Berthlas -(SN 442-452)[perth + glas] ; Berthlas 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) J\1SS p. l 1 4, PertrJas 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) 1MSS p. l 25, Berthlas 1 825PR Llanwnnen, Berth Las 1 828PR Llanwenog, Perth�las OS 1 891 Berthlwyd -(SN 421 -452)[y + perth + llwyd]; [ber6'lujd E. Williams, b�rO'lujd N. Thomas] (cott.) Berthllwyd 1 747-1 808 R Evar.s l\1S8, Berthhvyd 1 808 R Evans l\1S 8, Perthlhvyd 008 1 81 1 , Berthllwfd OS 1 834, BertrJhvyd 1 83 5PR Lla.'1dysuL Berth-IV.yd OS 1 891 Bethel -(SN 449-424)[Bibl.tn. Bethel] ; [be9el S. Williams, be8el, kapel'be9el J. Thomas, kapel'newi S . Williams, he·n'gapel adj. S . Williams, �'hre-g'gapel, kapel'en:lk (adj . ) J. Thow.as] Capel Bethel (\Ves. l\1eth. ) OS1 891 , Bethel, (Llandyssul) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 280, Abereinon 'replaced by' Capel Dewi 1 98 0 E.Edwards p.68 b. l 83 3 [ 1 851 Rel cens . : 501 ; c. l902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 280]; b. l 836, closed c. 1 903, b. 1 903-04 [1 980 E. Edwards: 68; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 98] . The "replaced by Capeldewi" [ 1 980 E. Edwards: 68] is wisleading as the new Bethel was built almost alongside the older one. The first chapel was named after Enoc Jones as part of the deal by which the dissenters got land to build the chapel from the squire of Alltrodyn [inf. J. Thomas] ; denow� '

\\TM.

Blaenborthun -(SN 462A1 7) [blaen + r.n. Borthun] ; [bla·n'b�rem J. Thmr..as ] 'Aborthen' ? c. 1 350(1 933)map W.Rees, Capel Borthin 1 73 3 Paroch.Wall. i.fl 1 91 0 Cymmrodor vo1. 22 p. 60, Blaenporthin OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blaen-Port}lin OS 1 834, Capel Borthi.� (prox.) 1 836 R.Rees p. 328, Blaenborthyn 1 841 Th18, Blaen-borthyn 08 1 8 9 1 , Capel Borthin c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.214, Capel Borthyn (als Borthin) 1 967 CER vo1. 5 p.426 This name is connected with the long�abandoned Capel Borthun, vvhich was succeeded by Capel Gwaunifor (14-a) (c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tlh"llcr: 214] ; The stones from St. Martin's ancient chapel at Borthun was used to build Capel Gwaunifor (14-a) [1951 WGaz. 04/01/5 1 ; 1 961 H. R. Eva.11s: 1 52] ; Ffair Fartin - later removed to Llan-y-bydder (Ca.rms.) [1930 D. C . Evans: 71 ; 1 951 WGaz. 04/01/5 1 ; 1 970 K. Davies: 159] ; fair held on the twenty207

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD first of November [ 1 95 1 WGaz. 04/01/51 ; 1 967 CER: 5.426] ; " . . . a date [i. e. the twenty-frrst of November] tl>.at wight be ta..k:en . to correspond to 1 1 November (new style), this being the feast of St. Martin. " (1967 CER: 5.426]; the twenty-sixth of October [ 1 930 D. C. Evans: 71; 1 970 K. Davies: 1 5 9] ; in 1 927 Ffair Farti.11 was held on the twenty-second of November [ 1 996 Faner Ne,.vydd: 1 .3 1 ] . The local equation of Borthun \\rith Martin (evident in the neighbourir1g toponyrr..s Brynmartin , Castellmartin, and Ffair Fartin, discussed above) may point to a venerable tradition. The form lvforthin v:ould be the expected older form of the r.ame from L. A1artinus ( cf W. morthw(y)l � L. mart'..dus), and fJrthermore it is attested in the tns. Garthmorthin (SH 53-38, Cri.ccicth, Cacrns.), and Cwm-A1orthin (SH 67-46, Ffcstiniog, �v1ers.). The quasi-regular interchange of initial with , sometimes gives a non-etymological , e.g. mana! (W. banadl), lm. Mydr (if from W. budr), but also sometimes gives a non-etymological , e. g. bawd (B. meud, 0\V. maut, V!. modrwy), bigwrn (\V migwrn, B. migorn) , which could explain the evolution of Morthin to Borthun at this site. As a result of all the above P. 6 Riai.n's doubts on the equation (" The problem is, however, that !\.�rthin and not Borthin or even ]\;[orthi..'"l is the usual \Velsh form of the r.ame. " [ 1 994: 3 94] ) can be overcome. However the Aborthen placed near Blaenborthun on VI. Rees's 1 933 map of thirteenth�century South Wales - if correct, for he was prone to roisidentify places on his map - w.a.y show that Borthun has a different etymology from that suggested above. R J. Thomas (who did not consider that Borthin could have been a form of .A1orthin) discussed it i..11. the context of streaw..s named so, he deems Borthun to be a: "Nant fechan yn codi ym �1laen Borthin i'r deau-dd-vvyrai..11 o Gapel Dewi ac yn rhedeg i Deifi tu isaf i Lanllwni. " [ 1938 R. J. Thomas: 200], or to be more precise, the stream \-vhich joi..'1S the Tei:fi at Pont Llanflhangel, and has its source near Blaenborthun. One could argue, however, that blaen in tl1is case may mean 'top part of (tn. ) Borthun', rather than 'source, headwaters of (hn.) Borthun', and that R J. ThoiP.a.s's description of the course of a stream called Borthun is merely extrapolated from the location of Blaenborthun. Nevertheless, t.IJ.e fact that there are five other places - of wllich one is assuredly a stream ­ all named Borthun makes one suspicious of ascribi..11g them all to the personal-name Morthin, hov:ever popular a name it became. If the form Aborthen is to be trusted as the original name here, it would 1--.ave regularly developed to Borthun, and led to a false identification with A1orthin, an early form of the name of the saint Martin, fi.rm1ly inspiring a dedication to that saint at Capel Borthun. For a discussion as to the meaning of Borthun, derived from A borthen, see sub Borthun ( 48-a ). Blaenbwber -(SN 434-464)[blaen + ? ] ; [b!an'buber M Evans] Blaen-bwber 1 970 K.Davies p. 1 39, Blaenbwber c. 1 970 WFM MS 21 1 1/7, Pentref Blaenbwber 1 979 D.W.Bundock pp. l 3 , 1 9 The meaning o f bwber i s unclear, and as the nearby river i s the Cletwr-fawr, it either refers t o an i..11significant ditch, or is not a hydronym, cf. PH)ll-y-bwmper (3-a). Pentre Blaenbwber comprised: Pensteps (14-a), Pwll-y-geletsh (14-a). Blaencathl -( SN 457-467)[blaen + lm. Cathl] ; [bla�g'ka8al N. Thomas] Blayn Catbil >1265( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Blaencathal 1 8 1 1PR LlandysuL Blancat..lJ.al 1 8 1 5PR LlandysuL Blaen Catha! OS 1 834, Blae Cathal l 841 TNfJ;, Blaen-cathal OS1 891 The h11 Cathl is an alias of Cled!yn (d). Bla encefaii -(SN 426-452)[blaen + 1:-tll. Cefail] ; [blau'kevel N. Thomas, J. Dafis] Blaengefel c. l 600 in 1 808 S.RMeyrick p. 144, Blaencefel 1 83 4PR Llandysul, Blaencefel OS1 891 Blaencerdin-fach -(SN 378-48 1 ) [blaen + lm. Cerdi..11 (+ bach)] ; [bla:n,kerdm'va:x Ll. Jones, N. Thomas, bla13 ,kerdm'va:z E. \Villiams] Blaen-cerdin-fach OS1 834, Blaen-cerdin-±ach OS 1 891 Blaencerdi-.-fawr -(SN 386-489)[blaen + hn. Cerdin (+ ma\vr)] ; [b!ag,kerdm'vowr E. Williaw..s, bla:n 'kerdm N. Thomas, blau,kardm'mowr J. Dafis] Blaen Kerdin vawr 1 564rent, Blaen Cerdin 1 65 l rent, Blaen...�erdin 1 760CF, R...�yd y Droell als. Tyr Blaen Kerdi.11 1 774 MyP.a.chdy MSS, Blaen Cerdyn 1 803map J. Si.11ger, Blaencerdyn 008 1 81 1 , Blancerdin 1 824 D.Da\ris p.200, Blaencerdin fa\vr, Blaencerdi.fl IP.a.vvr 1 84 1 TMS, Blaen-cerdin-fuwr OS1 891 Blaencribor -(SN 405-482) [blaen + h...11. Cribor] ; [ bla:n'kr�b:)r Ll. Jones] Blaen Cribor 1 564rent, Blaen Kribar 1 65 l rent, Blaen=cribor OS 1 891 Blaencwm -(SN 384-446)[blaen + y + cwm]; {bla:g'kum, now tegvan E. Williams] Blaen Cwm 1 803map J. Singer, Blancwm 1 803PR Llandysul, Blaen-cv'.rm OS 1 891 Blaencwmcedifor -(SN 434-432)[b1aen + C\Vm + J:>..n. Cedifor]; [blajn'kum J. Thomas] • .

208

( 1 4) G\VYNIONYDD Blannant Kedi.'lor, Nant Kedmor (prox. ) >1265(1 332) cart. Tal-llycr�u (b) p. 1 63, Nant Kedivor (prox. ) >127 1 ( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau (a), Cwmcoed Ivor 1 750 REvart..s MSS, (c) Slang Blaen Cvvm 1 777 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l 1 8, Blaenc\vm Caedifor 1 793PR Llandysul, Blaencwmcoedifor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Blanc\vmcadifor 1 81 2PR Llandysul, Blaenc\vmcodifor 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 94, Blaen-c\vm-cadifor O S 1 834, Blaen-cvllTI-cadifor OS 1 891 , Blae-cwm-coed-ifor 1841 Th1S, Blaen-c\vm-cadifor OS1 89 1 , Blancwm (dialect) 1 896 \lf.J.Davies p.23 6 The reduction of [-ked-] to [ -k�d-] in the pre-stress syllable \Vas responsible for allo\ving the rea..'lalysis as coed (for details see sub Cwmgwaednerth, 8-a), this reduction is not evidence-d in the forms of this particular name, but i.11 its emulated c-ounterpa.rt Blaencedifor (1 9-a), the pronunciation was noted as blan cyd'ifor in 1 948. Other examples of the persoP�l-name Cedifor being treated as Coed lfor '!for's wood' are: CH'mcoedifor (SN 58�38, P..hydcymerau, Canns.); Esgaircoedifor (SN 93�50, Treflys, Brees.); Bryncoedifor (SH 79-20, Brithdir, Mers.); cf sn. Coedwallider 1 7 1 8 (Pembs.) for Cadwaladr [ 1 996 J. & S. Rowlands: 83] ; cf sub Coedigyll (14-a). The stream named Nantcedifor >127 1, had become simply Cedifor by at least 1 750, and is a tributary to Gwef?ffrwd(ii). Blaencwm Fforest -(SN 408-468)[b!aen + y + cwm]; [!au'kum E. Willia..'l1S, Ll. Jones, N. Thow.as] Blaen Cwm Fforest 1 564rent, Blaen-cwm 1 564rent, Blaen Cwm Fforest 1 796PR Llandysul, Blaencwmforest OOS 1 81 1 , Blancwm-fforest 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Blae Cv.m Forest 1 841 Th1S, Bla'n-Cwm >1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 47, Blaen-cwm OS 1 891 , Lancwm OS1 982 B!aencwm-Merwydd -(SN 395-424)[blaen + tn. C�im-J\1erv.'Ydd (14 a)] ; [blajn,kom'merwi E. Williams] Blaencwmerwydd 1 8 1 8PR LlandysuL Cefn Horeb 1 84 1 Th1S, Blaencv.menvydd OS 1 982 This place is different from Blaenmenvydd (12-a). Blaeneinon -(SN 469-456)[blaen + hn. Ei.11on] ; Tythyn Blaen Eignon 1 639 BR..1945 T.J. Thorrms p. 96, Bryngroes OS 1 982 b. bet. l 89 1 - 1 904 ( 081 89 1 ; 081 904] . Bryngwilym -( S N 404-420)[bryn + tn. [Castell]gwilym (1 4-a)] ; Br1265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63, Camnant 1 73 1 BRA ( 1 955) 1\1SS p.48, Cam11a.nt 1 760map E.Bowen, Carrmant 1 803map J. Singer, Cam.rt.ant OS 1 8 l l , Ca:m.•"'.ant OS 1 89 1 , Camnant + Camnant Hall OS 1 904 Though it is ll1fficult to decide whether nant me.ans 'valley' or 'stream' in the c.ase of inverse coP.structions, Camnant was considered a stream-name i.fl the thirteenth century, and it seems that the place is simply named after the stream. The deeply indented dingle that feeds the river C!etwr is not particularly crooked; cf Camnant (d); Troedrlnvch als. Camnant (12-a). Camnant=fach -(8N 444�457)[cam + nant (+ bach)]; (kamnant'va:z, now g arB'owen N. Thornas] Ca\vnarnt bach 1 706 BF�I\. ( 1 955) rvr..s s p. 1 07, Camnant vach 1 742 BF�I\. (1 955) MSS p. 1 1 , Camnantfach 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) 11SS p. l 14, Cvvm Nant fach, Cam...qant fach 1 841 TJVT..S , Camnant-ffich OS 1 904, Camnant fach, 'now' Garthowen 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol.42 p. 3 1 0, Camnant-Ia.ch 0Sc. 1 950, Garthowen OS 1 982 Capeldewi(i) -(8N 459=436)(Gwarcoed-isa)[capel + pn. Dewi] ; Capel-Dewi (site of) OS 1 904 There was a well nearby called F:,"(ynnonddewi, the fair tb.at was held here was removed to Llatu:mrth because the \vell was too near the graveyard [ 1 997 E. Gn.L.Fft;dd : 1 9] (see sub Banc-y-jfair, 22-b) . CAPELDEWI( ii) -(SN 45 1 -425)[tn. Capeldewi(i) (14-a)] ; [kapel'dowi I. ii'"· Griffiths, kape!'d;,wi M. Evans, kapel'dewi J. Davies, a.r'eglus J. Thomas] Dewi Chapel St. David's Chapel 1 83 6 in 1 903 G.E.Evw.s p. 1 66, Church 1 84 1 TMS, St. David's Church OS 1 89 1 , Capel Dewi Sant i.fl 1 903 G.E.Evans p. 1 66, Capel-Dewi 0Sc. l 950, Ch OS 1 982 Church b. 1 83 5, rest. 1 886 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 2 1 4] . Comprising: 1) Abereinon, 2) Bet.�el, 3) Broneinon, 4) Bvll, 5) Camden, 6) Cilgraig, 7 ) Cilrhiwau, 8) Crossvale, 9) De\;vi Villa, 10) Fedwen, 1 1) Foel, 1 2) Llundain-fach, 13) Pont Foel, 14) Rampin, 15) Roc(ii), 16) Sandyhill, 17) Ysgol Capeldewi. Capel-y-graig e (8N 41 7-407)[capel + y + craig] ; Llandyssul, C.apel y Graig c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p.282 b. 1 884 as a schoolhouse [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-TlLrner: 282; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 98] ; denom. U [c. l 902 E .R. Horsfall­ rumer: 282]. Capel Gwaunifor -(SN 455-414) [capel + tn. Gwauflifor (14-a)] ; �.1eeti.�g Ho. OOS 1 8 l l , Capel-\Vaun-Ifor OS 1 834, Capel \Vaun-ifor (Calv. �..1eth.) 08 1 891 , \Vaunivor c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p. 277, Chap OS 1 982 b. 1 760 [ l 8 5 1 Re! cens. : 501 ; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 277] ; b. 1 854 (c. l 902 E. R. Horsfull-Tmner: 277] ; b. 1 856--57 [ 1 904 J. Evans: 289; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins : 97] ; "The chapel was built by a gentleman after his wife heard '

211

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD l\.1ethodists preach at Twrgwyn. The \vill of this rrmn gave the chapel to the lVIethodists. " [ 1 987 B . J. Rawlins: 97]. Cape! Horeb -(SN 394-424)[capel + Bibl.tP� Horeb]; J\1eeting House 1 84 1 1MS, Capel Horeb (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Horeb, Llandyssul c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall­ Turner p.279, Chapel OS1 982 Replaced a meeting house at Pant-y-crouddyn (1 4-a), b. l 784 [ l 85 1Rel cens . : 502; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall�Turner: 279; sign]; enl. + reb. l 826 [ 1 85 1Rel cens. : 502; c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 277; 1 987 B. J. Ravvlins: 97; sign]; 1 832 (1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 97]; 1 879 [ c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 279; sign] ; denom I. Capel-newydd Llwyn Rhydywain -(SN 441 -458)(capel + newydd + tn. Llwyn Rhyd)".vain (1 4-a)] ; [kape!'newi� iujn,hri:d'owen J. Dafis] Unitarian Ch.apel OS1 891, Llwynrhydowen (Llandyssul) c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.282, Capel OS1 904, Y Capel ne\vydd 1 979 D.W.Bundock p.22, Capel OS1 982 b. 1 878-79 [c.l902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 282; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 22; 1 988 Ga.rt..hen: 67]; see Hengapel Llwyn Rhydy111ain (1 4-a) . Capel Pantdefaid -(SN 425-447)[capel + tn. Pantdefaid (l�a)]; Ty-cwrdd-pant-y-defaid O S 1 834, Capel Pant-y-defaid (Unitarian) OS 1 891, yng Nghapel Pantdefed 1 896 W.J.Davies p.248, Pant y Defaid (Llandyssul) c. l 902 E.RHorsfall-Tumer p.282, Chapel OS 1 982 b. 1 802-03 [c . 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 282; 1 85 1Rel cens. : 501]; reb. l 836 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 282] ; reb. 1 840 (1 85 1 Re1 cens.: 50 1 ]; ren. 1 898 [ c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall- Tu..tner: 282]. Carmel �(SN 426-445)[Bibl.tn. Carmel]; Carmel=Chapel 1 841 Tl\1S , Capel Carmel (Indt.) OS 1 891, CarmeL nr. Llandyssul c. l 902 E.RHorsfall� Turner p. 278 b. l 8 1 9 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 501 ; c . 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 2 78 ]; enl. + reb. 1 832 [ 1 85 1 Rel cens. : 501 ; c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall­ Tumer: 278; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 97] ; denom. I. Castellcerdin -(SN 408-444)[castell + r..n. Cerdin]; [(c) kt1ok�'kastcl E. \VilliaiT'.s] (c) Gwein Castel Kerdin 1 649 Bron\h.'Ydd MSS, Castle Kerdin 1 65 l rent, Castle Cerdin 1 6 5 1 rent {v. l. R J. Thomas} , Castel Kerdyn, Castell Kerdyn 1745 Aberglasney MS 1 1 4, Castell OS 1 834 The site lies between Tregroes ( 14-a) and Felin-lifo (14-a), now flattened (wedi ei wastodi) under bungalmvs [i..'1f E. Willia'll .. s] . Castellgwilym -(SN 408-41 7)[castell + pn. Gwilym]; [kastcl'gwihm E. \Villiams] Castell-Ewillim OS1 834, Castell Gwillia� Castell Gwillim 1 841 TMS, Castell-Gwilym OS 1 891 "A slight bank, with no visible ditch, apparently formed the corner of a rectangular enclosure. The site is heavily overgrmvn and largely obliterated. " [1 994 J. L. Davies & A. H. A Hogg: 248] . Casteilhr..vel -(SN 443-482)[ castell + pn. Hywel]; [kastei'huwel �Y1. Evans, kastcl'hnvel Ll. Jones, N. Thomas, kastcl'wel E. Evans] 'CastelLhywel' ±1. 1 485d L.Glyncothi p. 1 77, Castell Howell 1 55 8/59 NA MSS, Kastel! Hmvel c. 1 569 Rep\Vl\.1SS vol. l pt.2 p. 895, CasteLlJ. Howel Ga\vr c. 1 600 S .D.Rhys p. 1 30, Kastel! Howell c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5, Castell Howell 1 690 BRA. (1 955) l\.1SS p. 1 06, Castle Howell 1 71 1 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p . 5 1 , Castell HoweI 1 760map E. Bowen, Castell Howell 1 760CF, Castell Hwel l 8ilicent. RepWMSS vol. l pt.2 p.941, Castle Howel l 803map J. Singer, Castle-Howell l 841 TMS, Castellhwel 1 842 NLW MS 3500-B, Castle House 1 85 1 in. 1 961 H.REvans p. 1 64, Castle-Howell OS1 89 1 , y Nghastellwel (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.234, Castell Hwel l 896 \V. J.Davies p.235, G\vrallt neu Gastell Hywel 1 898 Gweithiau Christmas Evans vol. l xii, Ca.s] K:yiDanvoydwy 1 5 64rent, Cwm I\1eydw 1 65 l rent, Cumeiddwy 1 6 8 1 BRA ( 1 95 5) �AS S p. 1 04, C\\-IDoydw 1 747

BR.A.. ( 1 95 5)

MSS p. 1 1 2, Cwmoidw als. Cwmeidwy 1 785 BRA ( 1 955) MJ; S p. 1 23, Cwmoydw als.

Cwmeidwy 1 78 5 M.Fichardson MSS p. 457, Cwmoidw 1 803PR LlandysuL Cvmnnerdwy 008 1 8 1 1 ,

Cwm-idiau O S 1 834, C \vmoidw 1 837Th1S Bangor, Cwm Moidw 1 841 Th1S, Cwm-meudvv�J OS 1 89 1 , Cwm lVIeudw 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 7

Cwmsgud'tl'}'ll -(SN 43 8 486) [ cv m + ? ] ; [kum'skidwm N . Thorruts, J. Dafis, Ll. Jones] �

C\.vm-sedd-ifan

v

OS 1 891 ,

C\\lffi-scudvvyn

O S 1 904,

C\\lffiysgydwydd 1 979 D. W.Bundock p. l 9

217

Cwmsgid\vyn

c. 1 970

WFM

MS

2 1 1 1 /7,

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD This site is in a little dell, so that cwm seems assured as the first element. The second element, however, rernains obscure, seemL.'lgly conta:h"ling a word such as the rare feminine noun ysgftd 'coin, shield'

ysglid] ,

or the adjective esgud 'quick,

S\x;ift',

masculine gwyn, rather than femi.fline gwen is problematic, cf Nantsbydwyn etymology cwm cysgod yr wyn

Cwmtegryd -(SN 444�41 8)[cwm +

[GM s.v.

or even ysgwyd 'shake'. However, the seeming lePition of

[i.'1f. Ll. Jones] can be discounted. tn. [Nan]tegryd ( 1 4-a)] ; [pen'lo:n

old

nant'sp!dwm (d).

na..'lle,

kmn'tegrid

The popular

new house S .

Williams] Cvm1tegrid 1 823PR L!andysul, Cwmtegryd 1 824 D. Davis p.208, Cv..rmtegryd 1 829PR Llandysul, Cvm1 Tegryd 1 84 1 Th1S, Cwm-tegrhyd OS 1 89 1 , Penlon 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 9, Cv.m-tegryd O S 1 904 The old house of Pen/On stood at the E end of the present-day courtyard. The new house b. l 9 1 2 was called Cwmtegryd

(inf. s. Williams] . However it is evident that Cwmtegryd existed as a name for this place

before 1 9 1 2; cf Nantegryd ( 1 4-a).

Cwmtywyll -(SN 446-439)[cwm + tywyll] ; Tir y c,x,m Tm.vyll 1 672 BRA ( 1 95 5) J\AS S p.40, C\vmtywyll 1 808PR Llandysul, C\\Tffit)".vyll OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cvm1-tywyl1 1 84 1 TMS, (c) Allt C\\lffi-tywyll OS 1 89 1 Cwmui -(SN 402-430)(cwm + pn. Ul]; [kum'i:! N. Thomas, Cvvm Yl 1 564rent, Cwm

kum'hi:l E . Williaws] Yl ycha + issa 1 623 Bronvvydd l'v1SS , Gallt Cvvmyll 1 65 1 rent, Coomil 1 697

Bronwydd M..S S, Cwm'yl l 698 Bromvydd M.S S, Cwm Yl l 73 7 B ronwydd MSS , C¥.wil 1 760CF, Cwmeel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Cwmul 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Cwm-ul O S 1 834, Cwmmul, Cwmul l 84 1 Th1S, Cwm-ul O S 1 891 ,

(c) R..lllw . &vvtn.il

l 924-26 CSRLS 1 4,

(c) R...lllw Cv.-mul (prox.)

1 95 8 WHA: l\1S 1 506/2 p.53

us lvn in the

The dissection of the name according to the early forms of 1 564, 1 623, 1 698, 1 73 7 appeJ'l ...r to prevent considering 0¥/.tn.

mul

'mule', we are left with a pn.

A4erthir Ivn [et] Aaron [c. 1 140 LL: 235] .

* Ul

+-

L.pn. Iii/ius, only attested as garbled

Cwrt-y-gwybed -(SN 428-467)[cv.rt + y + g'vvybed] ; [kurb'gwibed N. Thomas, ]\.1.Evans] Clettwr Arms (P.H.) OS 1 89 1 , yng Nghwrt-y-gwybed > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 47, Cwrtygwibed c. 1 970

WFM MS

2 1 1 1/7, Cwrt O S 1 982

Closed as an inn 1 921

[ 1 979 D. w. Bundock: 35]. Cyfyng -(SN 434-4 1 4) [cyfyng] ; {kiVm D. l\.1organ] Cyfh'lg 1 8 1 6PR LlandysuL Ce:fu (sic) O S 1 891 , Cefn (sic) O S 1 904, Cyfing (Lodge Llanfair) 1 908 John Francis MSS vol.2 p. 97 The word cyfjlflg is an adjective, which

in this place-na...1e11 is nominalised, meaning 'constriction', which

refers in this particular case to the way the land is herruned in between the T eifi river and the steep slopes

just to the northwards; cf Cyjjmg (17-a), Trering (63-a). Darren-fach -(SN 420-484)[ ? (+ bach)] ;

Tir Ystlys y Darren 1 564rent, Aber Darren 1 65 l rent, Darren fach 1 806PR Llandysul, Darren fach 1 803map J. Singer, Daren fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Daran-isaf O S 1 834, Darengenol (prox. ) 1 84 l cens . , Aderyn­ ffich O S 1 89 1 , Daren-rach OS 1 904, Darren-fa\x.rr (sic) 0Sc. l 950 See Darren-fawr (1 8-a). Derlvij'll -(SN 448-425)[derw + llwyn] ; [pentre'derlujn J. Thomas] Derlwyn 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Derlhvyn OS 1 834, Derlwyn OS 1 891

Dewi Villa -(SN 453-427)[tn. [Capel]dewi (14-a) + E. villa] ; [dewi'vda J. Thomas] Dewi Villa OS 1 904 b. bet. 1 89 1-1 904 [OS 1 89 1 ; OS1 904] .

Dinascerdin - (SN 3 86-467) [dinas + hn. Cerdin] ; [dinas E. Williams, dinas'kerdm N. Thow.as] Ter y Dit'..as 1 564rent, �Jllas Kerdin 1 6 5 1 rent, DyP..as Cerdh'1 1 65 1 rent {v.l. R J. Thomas} , Dinas 1 748/49

Cilgwyn I MSS,

Dinas 1 760CF p. 83 , Dinas Cerdin 1 8thcent

RepWMSS voU pt 2

p. 941 , Dinas 1 803map

J. Singer, Di..�s Cerdyn, Dinas Gerdin 1 84 1 TI.1S, Dinas isaf + uchaf + fach 1 841 cens. , Dinas OS 1 89 1 , Dinas-Cerdin OS 1 904 Cf Dinascerdin

(1 4-b).

Dolbantau -(SN 445-407)[dolbantau ?]; [fatri,d=>l'hante S . Williams] Dolbantau Factory 1 887 John Francis l\AS S vol.2 p . 8, Dol-bantau Woolen Factory OS 1 891 Is the presumed si..'lgular dolbant a composed term to be compared with llmt'rbant and g>;vaun-bant?

Dolfor -(SN 446-4l l )[d01 + mawr] ; [d =>l v =>r J. Thomas] Dolfor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dolfor 1 8 1 5PR LlandysuL Ddolfor O S 1 834, Ddolford O S 1 89 1 , Dolfor OS 1 904

218

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD DOI.ganfed �(SN 4 1 9-4 1 2)[dol + ? ] ; Dol Ganved 1 564rent, Dolyganved 1 75 0 R Evans MSS, Ddol-ganved 1 773sur map, o f DdolgaP.fed 1 794PR LlandysuL Ddol 1 809PR Llandysul, Ddol O S 1 834, Ddolgafed, Ddolganfed 1 841 TMS, Dol­ ganfed O S 1 89 1 Dolgranod -(478-482)[dol + y + garanod]; [dol'gran;xl E. Evans] Dolgranod 1 83 0PR Llanwenog, Dolgranod 1 843TMS Llanwenog, Dolgranod 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79 Dolwallter -(SN 448-403)[dol + pn. Gwallter]; [dol'waHer l\A. EvaP.s, J. Davies, do·l'waHer J. Thomas, do 'waiter J. Thomas] Tyr Dol Walter 1 679 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 04, Tir Dol Wallter 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & !.Davies p.47, Dole Walter 1 706 BRA. ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 07, Dolywallter 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 67, Dolwallter 1 8 1 0PR LlandysuL Dolewalter OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ddol-walter OS 1 83 4, Ddolewallter 1 83 3PR LlandysuL Dolwallter 1 841 TMS, Ddol-walter OS 1 89 1 , Ddol-walter OS1 904, Dolwallter OS 1 982 Dolwi!ym -(SN 441 -403)[dol + gwilym]; [d:)l'wihm S. \Villiarns, do,l'wihm J. Thomas] Dole Wyllin 1 725 M.Richardson MS 1 72, Dole Wilim 1 760CF, Ddole Wylym 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Dohvylim 1 823PR LlandysuL Dolewilym 1 826PR Llandysul, Dolwilli..T.., Ddol-William 1 84 1 TIVIS, Ddol­ Gwilyn (sic) 0Sc. 1 950, Ddol-Gv1ilym OS 1 891 Dre-ne·wydd(i) -(SN 441-457)(Rhyd_ywai..'1)[y + tref + newydd] ; Trenewidd 1 809PR Llandysul, Drenewydd 1 8 1 5 BRA (1 955) MSS p. 1 29, Drenewydd 1 841 TM..S, Dre­ nevvydd OS 1 904 Formerly part oLMoelhedog (1 4-a) [1817 BR.t\ (1 955) MSS: 1 30] . Dre-newydd(ii) -(SN 4 1 1 -425)(Pentre Llwyn)[y + tref + ne\\'Ydd] � [dre'newi E. \Villiarr.s] Dre�newydd OS 1 904 Dwynant -(SN 445-494)[dv.;y + nant] ; [dojnant E. Evans] Dw;nant OS 1 982 Dyffryn -(SN 446-405)[dyffiyn]; [d�frm J. Thornas] Dyffryn OS 1 982 Dyffrynllynod -(SN 405-45 5)[dyffryn + ? ]; [drrrm'lm:>d E. Williams, d�frm'lm:>d N. Thow...a s, d�frm'l�n:>d Ll. Jones] D)1tryn Llynod 1 564rent, Dyffryn Llynod c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol l p. 58, Dyffrin Llynod 1 680 Llanllawddog MSS p. 3 1 , Duffrin Llwynod 1 760map E.Bowen, Dyfryn Llynod 1 803map J. Singer, Dyffrynllynod OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dyffryn Llynhod OS 1 834, Dyffryn Llynnog 1 84 1 TMS, Dyffryn Llyn.llod 1 944 T.J. Thomas p.42 Following dyffryn we might expect Llyn od to be a hydronym, a tributaPJ of the river Cerdi.11, and the name Llynod is given as the name of the stream by T. J. Thomas [>1 945: 46] . W'hilst llyn 'lake' is obviously suitable for a hydronym ( cf Llynnan, d), the significance of -od remains obscure. The term llinod (a plural of !lin 'line') is unlikely as we would expect the realisation *Hn;1d rather than im;)d; cf Clunlynod (13-a). Another line of enquiry wight be the term llydnod (sg. llwdn). The south-eastern form of llwd'l is llwddn (pronounced iu�un), and its plural was llynddod (cf lloothwn tew, llynthod llyHiton for llwddn tew and llynddod lht.ydon (G"vemyfed, Brees.) {1605 in 1 964 Llen Cym.·-u: 8.83], concomittantly, if the form llwddn had existed further west, the plural *llynnod might be expected in south-western Welsh dialects (cf. wPembs. canna for cadno 'fox'). In order to be able to interpret DJ1frynllynod by *llynnod we must posit a recession of such a south-western pronunciation i..TJ. this area before an expanding n,V. llydnod, for a suspected similar phenomenon, see sub Castellcendy (27-a). Eben.eser -(SN 4 1 6-405) [Bibl.tn. Ebenezer] ; Llandyssul (Ebenezer) c. l 902 E.RHorsfall=Turner p.28 1 , Chapel OS 1 904, Offices O S 1 982 T : 281 ; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 96 ] ; result of a split from Capel b. l 83 3=34 [ 1 851Rcl ems.: 500; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-TUt"Ter Penbont (Pontweli, Carms.) in 1 832 [ 1 96 1 H. R. Evans: 1 56] ; denom. B. Efail -(SN 406-448)(Tregroes)[yr + efail]; [revel N. Thomas, eve! E. \Villiams] Smithy OS 1 89 1 Efail Castellliywel -(SN 441 -484)[efail + tn. Castellhywel (14-a)] ; Castle Howell Smith's Forge 1 824 BRA ( 1 95 5) M...SS p. 1 33, Smithy OS 1 89 1 , heibio'r Efel (dialect) 1 896 ,V.J.Davies p. 269, Castell Hywel 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. l 5, T)r'r Efail 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. 1 9, Yr Efail O S 1 982 219

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Efail-facb -(SN 43 9-456)[yr + efail + bach]; [evel'va:x J. Davies, revel 'va:x E. \Villiatns] Tyr yr Eve! vach 1 73 5/36 BF�J\ ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 09, Evell vach 1 744 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 54, Evel vach 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) �1SS p. l l 4, Efel fach 1 777 BRA ( 1 955) l\ASS p. l l 8, (c) Park Gwair Eve! Ffach 1 777 BF�t\. ( 1 95 5) l\ASS p. 1 1 8, Refel fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Eve! fach 1 8 1 8 REvans MSS, Efel-fach, Efail fach 1 84 1 TMS, Efail-!ach O S 1 891 Esgair -(SN 3 83-480)[esgair] ; Esgair OS1 891 Esgairddedwydd -(SN 445-477)[esgair + dedv.rydd] ; [esker'6edWI N. Thmnas, Ll. Jones, J. Dafts] Eskir Ddedwith 1 736 BRA ( 1 955) ]\/lSS p. l l O, Eskyr D. Dedwith 1 777 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l l 9, Esgerddydvvidd OOS 1 81 1 , Eskerdedwydd, Esgardedwydd 1 8 1 8 R.Evans MSS, Esgerddedv.r'jdd 1 824 D.Davis p. 1 97, Esgair-ddedvvydd OS 1 834, Esgir-Ddewdv·;ydd, Esger Dded\vydd 1 84 1 TMS, Esgair­ ddedwydd OS 1 89 1 The form o f 1 777 might suggest that esgair was qualified by a pn. D[afydd] Ddedwydd, and certainly dedwydd makes more sense as the qualifier of a person than of a ridge, see 1 985 T. J. & P. Morgan p. 85. But urJess more forms are found to reinforce this, it rerr:aains just a plausibility. Esgairwen -(SN c. 406-45 1 )[esgair + gwen] ; [esker'wen E. Williams] Yr Esgeir Wen 1 564rent, Ysger Wen 1 869 B.Williams p. 6 1 , Ysgarwen 1 898 Cn.vaith Christw.as Evans vd. 1 xii The noted Nonconformist preacher Christrr:aas Evans was born here [ 1 898 Gv,raith Christmas Evans: l .xii] . Faerdre-fach -(SN 420-423)[y + maer + tref ( + bach)]; [ vardre'va:x E. Williams, N . Thomas, v�rdre'va:z N. Thow.as] Vairdrevacl>., Verdrevach 1 750 REvans �1SS, Ferdre fach 1 752 BP�t\ ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 56, Vairdre fach 1 770 BR.A... ( 1 955) �1SS p. 6 1 , Verdre ffach 1 783 REvans MSS, Ferdre fach 1 803map J. Singer, Fardre fach 008 1 8 1 1 , Fendre fach 1 8 1 3 G.Nicholson p. 973 , Vairdre fach 1 81 5PR Llandysul Faerdre fach 1 822PR LlandysuL Fairdre-ffich OS 1 834, Vendre fach 1 841 TMS, Fairdre-ffich OS 1 89 1 , (c) Allt Ferdre fach (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.234, Faerdre-ffich O S 1 982 See Castell Coeclfoel (1 4-b). Faerdre-fawr -(SN 427-42l )[y + maer + tref (+ rnawr)] ; [verdre'vowr N. Herbert, vardre'vowr E. \Villiams, N. Thomas, v�rdre'vowr N. Thomas, v�rdre J. Da:fis] Mayrdreiv Gw1�rmoPit >1 265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llycb.au (a), Mayrdrem Guinnoint >1265(1 332) cart. Tal­ llychau (b) p. 1 63, Y Vardreiv > 1 27 1 ( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Vayrdref 1 579/80 CD, o'r Vaerdre c. 1 600 L.D\VIL'1 vol. 1 p.39, Y Faerdref c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p. 149, Vairdref 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 955) p. 9 1 , Vayrdre 1 603-25 T.I.J. Jones ( 1 95 5) p. 97, Vairdreff 1 63 1 B RA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 34, i'r Faerdref > 1 667 Itin. R Vaughan p. 848, Vardre 1 682 Cvvrt�mawr MSS, Vairdreffe c. 1693 Rep\\7l\1SS vol. l pt.2 p. 739, Vairdrevawr 1 750 R.Evans MSS, Y Faerdref I sthcent. RepwMS S vol. l pt. 2 p.94 1 , Fendre fawr 1 803map J. Singer, Ferdre fawr 008 1 8 1 1 , Pendre fawr 1 81 3 G.Nicholson p. 973, Faer-dre fawr OS 1 834, Vendre-favvr 1 841 TMS, Verdre favvr 1 844PR LlandysuL Fairdre-fawr OS1 891, Ferdre fowr (dialect) 1 896 \V.J.Davies p.234 The opinion of S. R 1\1eyrick [ 1 808: 1 98] : "Nov.r a farmhouse, formerly a place of consequence and distinguished by the additional title of vmvr." is incorrect, the -fmvr simply specifies this place as opposed from Faerdre:fach (14-a). The vocalism of vcrdre and Ferdre 1 8 1 1 , is similar to that of the lh'l. Claenven (d) and Faerdre (Llandi.qgad, Carms.) noted Ferdre [ 1991 D. B. James: 226]; cf. Maerdy (17-a). Fedwen(i) -(SN 41 8-407)(Llandysul)[y + bedwen]; Vedwen 1 785 BPJ.. (1 955) MS S p. 1 23, Fedwen 1 81 8PR Llandysul, Fedwen 1 878 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 28 Fedwen(ii) -(SN 452-424)(Capeldewi) [y + bedwen] ; [ vedwen, (c) tro'vedwen J. Thow.as] i.rll. Feli.-llifo =(SN 408�443) [y + melin + llifo]; [velm'liv::>, m3m'liv::> E. \Villiams] Login Saw Mill OS 1 891, Saw Mill O S 1 982 Ffarm-fach -(SN 41 7-408)[ffarm + bach] ; Tir Bronnydd Llandyssell 1 573 Cilg\".J)rrl I ]\ASS, Tir Bronneyth Llandissell 1 585 Cilgw)rn I 1\1S S, Tir Bronn Llandyssyll 1 609 Cilgwyn I MSS, Ffarmfach 1 832 John Francis MSS vo1.2 p.99, Lleine Abermeyrick, 'then' Ffarm fach, 'now called' Vrondyssil l 83 8 Cilgwyn I MS 37, Vrondyssil a.!s. Ffarm fach 1 83 8 Cilgwyn I MS 37, Frondyssul 1 96 1 H.REvaP..s jac.p. l 56, Aelybryn (sign) -

220

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD The origi.'1 . al name appears to have been Bronnydd Llandysul or Bron Llandysul wr..:ich \vas later reduced

Brondysul. By the early rlli"leteenth century it was calleed Ffann1'ach. The alias A bermeyrick emulated Abermou rig (35-a) because a scion of the Edward(e)s family ofA.bermourig owned land i..t1 Llandysul in the eighteenth century [1773sur map; 1 798 Cilgwyn I MSS; 1 905 G. E. Evans: 77]); pt. of ancient farm of Gilfachwen (1 4-a) [1 838 Cilgwyn I MS 37] ; b. 1 82 1 (sign] . Ffatri Rhydceir -( SN 448-4-l l ) (ffatri + tn. Rhydceir (14�a)] ; [ tJesn�t'md J. Thomas] to

Rhyd-y-ceir Woollen Factory 0 8 1 891 , Chesnut Mills 08 1 904, Mill 0Sc. 1 950, Chesnut Mill 1 967 T.Ll.Jones p. l 4

A woollen factory 1 870-1925 [1984 J . G . Jen."l(ins: 1 3 7] . Ffinnant(i) -(SN 400-408)(Gilfachwen)[ffin + nant] ; [ finant E. \Villiams, J. Thomas, fmant E. \Villia..'TIS] Ffmant ? 1 827PR LlandysuL Ffm..t1ant 08 1 891 This is an alias of the river Merwydd, which forms the boundary of the parishes ofLlandysul and Bangor.

Ffinnant Fadfa(ii) -(SN 43 1 -492)(Fadfa)[ffi..11 + nant + tn. Fadfa ( 1 8-a)] ; [fmant J. Dafls, finant N. Thomas] Ty-nant (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Ffinant Fadfa (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 269, Ffmnant O S 1 904 This name refers to the adjoining stream -

a tributary of Clen1w:Jmvr - that forms the boundary of the

parishes of Llandysul and Llandysulio Gogo.

Fforest -(SN 395-453) [fforest] ; [f:)rest'farm E. Williams, forest'kerdm N. Thmnas] Fforest Gerdin 1 564rent, Fforest Gerden 1 65 1 rent, Forest 1 793sur map, Fforest Gergi..'1 1 793PR LlandysuL Forest OOS 1 8 1 1 , Fforest 1 820PR Llandysul, Forestcerding 1 83 5 1'..1.Richardson MS 1 050-5 1 , Forest 1 84 1 TMS, Fforest-gerdin OS 1 89 1 , Fforest Cerdin 08 1 904

Fforest-fach -{SN 396-454)[fforest (+ bach)] ; Fforest fach 1 828PR L1andysul, Fforest-ffich O S 1 8 9 1

Fforest-ne\'\rydd -(SN 396-454) [fforest ( + newydd)] ; [f�rest'newi E. Vlilliams, forest'newi('; N. Thomas] Fforest isaf 1 822PR Llandysul, Fforest-isaf OS 1 89 1 , Fforest-isaf 0Sc. 1 950

Ffos -(SN 448-502)[ffos] ; Caban 1 803w.ap J. Singer, Caban 1 824 BRi\.. ( 1 955) 1VlSS p. 1 3 2, Ffos OS 1 89 1

Ffosesgob -(SN 4 1 6-440)[ffo s + _yr + esgob] ; [fos'�sk�b E. Williams]

Tethen Fees Hesgolde 1 53 7/38 in 1 894 E. Owen p.43 , Foes Yscob, Ffoys Yscob 1 745 Aberglasney :rvr_s

1 1 4, Ffoes Escob 1 760CF, Tyr Ffos Escob 1 778 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies app. Yix, Tyr Foes

Escob 1 784 BRA ( 1 955) 1\lf..SS p. 66, Foes Escob 1 808 S . Rl\1eyrick p. l 94, Ffoes Ysgob OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffos­ ysgob 1 822PR Llandysul, Ffos-yr-esgob OS 1 834, Ffos-ysgob, Ffosesgob 1 84 1 TMS, Ffos-esgob OS 1 891

Ffoshelyg -(SN 409=458)[ffos + helyg] ; [f�'hehg N. Thomas, fos'hehg E. \Villiams] Foce Helyck 1 552 Bronwydd MSS , Y Ffos Helig, Blaen y Ffos Helig 1 564rent, Y Ffoshelig c. 1 600 L.Dv1P.n vol. l p. 9 1 , Y Foes Holig l 65 lrent, Ffoeshelig, Ffoeshelygge c. l 693 Rep\W u g �j J. Thomas] Tyr y Vron Goy 1 725 Aberglasney M..S 1 1 2, Frongou OOS 1 8 1 1 , Frongoy 1 829PR Llandysul, Fron-goy '

O S 1 834, Fron Gon 1 84 1 TMS, Fron-gou OS 1 891

Fronwen -(SN 405-439)[y + bron + gwen] ; [vr�n'wen E. Williams] Fronwen 1 841 TMS, Fronwen 0S l 89 1

Gaerwen -(SN 396-470)[y + caer + gwen] ; [ga:r'wen E . \Villiaw.s]

Pi...11gare 1 822PR Llandysul Pen-y-gaer 08 1 834, Pengare 1 84 1 cens., Garn-wen OS 1 891 "A blunt steep�sided spur has been fortified by a slightly curved wall across its base. . . . It is much damaged but still stands about 6m wide and 2m high. There seems to have been no ditch, but the presence of a ruined cottage and garden prevents certainty. " [ 1 994 J. L. Davies & A H. A. Hogg: 246] . C-el!i-fraith -(SN 3 99-453)[y + celli + braith]; [g cli vrajS E. \Xfilliams, N. Thomas] '

Y Gelli Vraith 1 564rent, Y Gell Vraith 1 6 5 1 rent, Gellyfraith 1 76 8 Davies=Evans l\1S S, Castell y Fraich (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ge111fi-aith 1 81 4PR LlandysuL Gelli-fraeth OS 1 834, Gelly Fraith 1 84 1 TM....S, Gelli-fraith OS 1 891 C-elli-our -(SN 441 -457)[tn. Gelli-our (E. Goldengrove, LlaP..fihangel Aberbythych, Carms. )] ; [ g cli '�jr N. Thomas] Gellyaur fach, Gelly Aur 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Saw l\1ill OS 1 89 1 , Gelli-aur Woollen + Saw l\1ill OS1 904, Gelliaur 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. l 4, Gelliaur O S 1 982 Woollen factory between c. l 860--1 928 [ 1 979 D. w. Bundock: 14] or c. 1 895-1 928 [ 1 984 J. G. Jen_ki...11S : 1 37 ] .

Gilfachwen-isa -(SN 403-407)[y + ci!fach + gwen (+ isat)] ; (g!�xwen'i!a J.Davies, gdvazwen'IJa E. Williams] Y Gilvach Wen yssaf 1 564rent, Y Gilvach \Ven issa 1 65 1 rent, Gilfachwen issa 1 760CF, Gilvach \Xfen issa 1 805PR Llandysul, Gilfach \Ven issa 'rr.ansion' 1 804 in 1 793sur :tr.ap, Gilfachwen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gilfuchwen O S 1 834, Gilfach-Wen 1 841 TMS , Gilfachwen isa (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.238, Gilfach-wen-isaf O S 1 89l

Gilfachwen-ucha -(SN 408-406)[y + cilfach + gwen (+ ucb..at)]; [g!atwen, gdvaxwen'IXa E. Williams] or Giluach 6en..1!} fl. 1 485a L. Glyncothi p. 1 68, Kilvach \Ven 1 547 Cilg\vyn I l\1SS, Cilvachwen 1 549 Coedmor MS 278, Y G�Jvach \Ven uchaf 1 564rent, Y Gilvach \Venn c. l 569 Rep\VJ\.1SS vol. l pt. 2 p. 895, Tir y Gilvach Wen.11 yvvchaf 1 573 Cilgwyn I MSS, Gilvach Wenn uchaf c. 1 600 L.Dvmn vol. l p. 35, o'r Gilvachwenn c. l 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 50, Gilvach-v-1enn uchaf c. l 600 L.Dv.mn vol. 1 p. 57, o'r Gilvachwen c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. l p . 82, Gilvach Wenn 1 609 Cilgwyn I �1S S, Y Gylvagh Wen 1 61 0 Cilgwyn I �1SS , GJvachwen, Gilvachven 1 6 1 1 Coedmor M:S 288, Plas y GJvagh \Ven..f!} ywcha 1 6 1 7 Cilgv.'Yn I MS S , Plas y Gylvach Wenn 1 639 Cilg\vyn I l\1SS, Gilvach 'Nen ich 1 65 1 rent, Gylvachwen c. 1 693 Rep\VMSS vol. 1 pt.2 p.73 9, Gillvachwen 1 7 1 8 C ilgvvyn I l'ASS, Gilvach-wen 1 773sur map, Gilfach \Ven 1 803:tr.ap J. S inger, Gilfachwen-ucha OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gilfach-wen-uchaf OS 1 834, Gilfach-wen-uchaf 0S 1 891 222

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD See Ffarm-fach (1 4�a), Pistyll (14-a), Tirdre (14-a). Glanrafon -(SN 44 1 -45 l ) [glan + yr + afon]; [glan'rav�n N. Thow.as] Glan'rafon 1 830PR Llandysul, Glan-yr-afon 0Sc. l 950 Inexistent [os1 89 1 ] . Glancerdin �(SN 3 86-474)[glan + hn. Cerdin] ; [glan'kerdm N . Thomas] Glan-cerdin OS 1 89 1 C-!an.detwr -(SN 439-466)[glan + hn . Clet\vr] ; [g!an'k!etur N . Thomas, i,!an'kletur S. Williarns] Glan Clettwr 1 677/78 BR E. Williarr1s] Croesffordd

OS 1 891

Gwaral!t-fach -(SN 4 1 3-429)[gwar + yr + alit (+ bach) ] ; Gwarallt�ffich

OS1 891

Gwarallt Faerdre -(SN 439-49l )[gwar + yr + alit + tn. Faerdre] ; [gwaraU'v�rdre N. Thomas] Penn �AJlt

y

MSS, Tir Gwar Allt y Meirdy als. Merdy 1 649 Bromvydd MSS , Bromvydd MSS , Gwarr LAJlt y Vairdre 1 690 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 06, Gwar Alt y BRA ( 1 955) 11SS p. l l O, Altymayrdy 1 75 8 Bronv.ydd 11S S , Gwarr Alt y Gair Dre 1 777

Meyrdy 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-mawr

Penallt y 1'-Aeyrdy 1 684 Vayrdre 1 73 6

BRA

( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 9, Gwarallt y Ferdre O OS 1 8 1 1 , Gwarallt-y-fairdre O S 1 834, Gwar-allt-verdre

1 83 1PR

Llandysul,

Gwarallt-y-Verdre,

Gwarallt

Ferddre

1 84 1 TMS,

Gwar-allt-ferdre

OS 1 89 1 ,

Gwaralltferdre (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 23 4, Gwarallt Fardre (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 269, Gwarallt-y-ferdre OS 1 904, Gwaralltyfaerdre OS 1 9 82 In the last component of this place-na..T..e an earlier maerdy J-l.as been replaced by maerdref (probably aided

by the existence of the two large farms named Faerdre in the parish), cf Lhvynl!aethdy (41-a). Gwaral!trynn -(SN 43 8-477)[gwar + yr + allt + yr + ynn] ; [gwaraltar'm Ll. Jones, gwaraH'rm N. ThorrUis} Gwarr Alit yr Ynn 1 690 BRA. ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 06, Gwar Alt yr Inn 1 73 6 B�l\ ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 0, Waralltyryn

1 805PR LlandysuL

GwaralLryn

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwarallt-yr-ynn O S 1 834, Gwar-allt-yr-y11, OS 1 89 1 , Gwarallt'ryn (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p. 267 Gwarcefaii -( SN 423-445)[gwar + allt + lm. Cefail] ; [gwar'kevel E. Williams, N. ThorrUis] Waralltyryn 1 84 1 TMS, Gwar-allt-yr-yn

Gwarallt Keveil 1 564rent, G\var Kevel 1 65 1 rent, Gwarcefel 1 803PR LlandysuL War Cefel 1 8 1 0PR LlandysuL Gwarcafel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwar-cefel O S 1 8 3 4, War Cefel

1 84 1TIAS,

Gwar-cefe l OS 1 89 1 ,

Gv;arcefel Farm OS 1 982

Gwarcefail Arms -(SN 424�44l ) [tn. Gwarcefail (14-a) + E. arrns] ;

Gwarcefel i\...rms (P. H.) OS 1 89 1 , (pn.) Dafydd Tafarn 1 970 KDavies p. 1 4

Gwarcoed-isa -(SN 459-43 5)[gwar + y + coed (+ isat)] ; [war'ko:d S . Williams, gwarkod'iJa J . Thow.as] Gwary Coed issa 1 790 BRA ( 1 95 5) LlandysuL

Gwarcoed issa O OS 1 8 1 1 ,

\Varcoed isha 1 84 1 TMS,

l\1SS

p. 1 25, Gv1arcoed 1 793PR Llandysul, \Varcoed 1 807PR

Gwar-coed-isaf OS 1 834, Gv.rarcod issa

1 832PR Llandysul,

Gwar-coed-isaf 0S l 89 1

Gwarcoed-ucha -(SN 467-44 1 ) [gwar + y + c.oed ( + ucb.af)]; [gwark�.xhza J . Thomas]

( 1 955) MSS p. 1 07, War l\1SS p. l l 3 , Gwar y Coed

1 742 BRA ( 1 95 5) 11SS p. l l l , Gwar y Coed BF"""'� ( 1 955) M�S p. l 24, Gwarwed ucha 1 83 5PR Llandysul, \Varcoed uchaf 1 83 6PR

Warrycoed 1 706 BRA

y Coed

1 747 BRA. ( 1 955)

ycha 1 790

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Gwar-coed-uchaf OS 1 834, Warcoed ucha

224

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD LlandysuL Gwar-coed-einon, Warcoed Inon 1 84 1 TMS, Gwar-coed-uchaf 0 8 1 89 1 , Gwarcod (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p.23 9, Gwar-coed-uchaf OS 1 904, Gwarcoed Einon 08 1 982

Gwarcwm -(SN 425-459) [gwar + y + cwm] ; [gwar'kum E. Williams, N. Thomas] Gwar-cwm O S 1 89 1

Gwardafolog -(SN 435-484)(gwar + alit + tafolog] ; [gwar,da'vol;)g Ll. Jones] Gwarr Alit Davolog 1 690 BRA ( 1 9 5 5) MSS p. 1 06, Gwar Alt Davolog 1 73 6 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 0, Gwarr

Ah Davalogg 1 777 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p . 1 1 9, Gwardavolog 1 793PR LlandysuL Gwardafolog

OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Gwartafolog

1 824 BRA

( 1 955)

MS S

p. 1 3 3 ,

Gwar-Tafolog

O S 1 834,

Gwardafolog,

Wardafalog 1 84 1 TMS, Gwar-dafolog (dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies p. 268

Gwarffynnon(i) -(SN 446-408)(Dolfor)[gwar + y + ffynnon] ; [gwar'f�n;)n J. Thomas] Gwar-ffynnon 0 8 1 891

Gwarffynnon(ii) -(SN 408-443)(Tregroes)[gwar + y + ffynnon] ; [gwar'fm;)n E. Williams] inf Gwargraig -(SN 457-403)[gwar + y + craig] ; [gwar'grajg J. Thomas] Tyr Gwar y Graig 1 725 Aberglasney MS 1 1 2, Gwarygraig 1 82 1 PR Llanwenog, Gwar-graig 0 8 1 904

Gwarllwyneudos -(SN 4 1 7-479)[gwar + llwyn + ? ]; [gwarlun'id;)S J. Dafis, gwarlun'ejd;ls N. Thomas] Lloyn Oydoes 1 564rent, Llwen Oydos 1 65 1 rent, Gwarllwynoider 1 76 1 Bronwydd MS S, Gwarllwynoedos O OS 1 8 1 1 , Gwarllwyn Oidoes 1 8 1 9 Glansevin MSS, Gwarllwynidoes 1 824 R.Evans MS S, Gwar-llwyn­ oedoes

O S 1 834,

Wern

Llwy-orddos,

Warllwynoidos

1 84 1 TMS,

Gwar-llwyn-oedos

OS 1 891 ,

Gwarllwynydos 1 96 1 H.R. Evans p. 1 64, Gwarllwyneidos O S 1 982

*eudos - the presumed Hafodeudos (34-a).

The meaning of

*aedos?);

cf

literary form - is wholly obscure (or is it the root

*oedos

or

Gwastadheblwyn -(SN 423-459)[gwastad + heb + llwyn] ; [W;)St;ld J. Dafis, gwast;ld J. Davies, N. Thomas, E. Williams] Gwatod Hebllwyn 008 1 8 1 1 , Gwastad, Gwastod 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Gwastod Heblwyn 08 1 834, Gwastodheblwyn 1 84 1 cens. , Gwastod 1 84 1 TMS , Gwastad 081 8 9 1 The realisation

W;)Sbd

rather than

gwasbd

is typical of younger Welsh speakers, more familiar with the

term as an adverb wastad 'always', than as a adjective gwastad 'flat'.

Gwaunfadog -(SN 441 -420)[gwaun + pn. Madog]; [wejn'vad;lg S. Williams] Blaen-y-waun 08 1 834, Waun-Fadog 1 84 1 TMS, Waunfadog 1 846 M.Richardson MSS p.268, Waun­ Fadog 08 1 89 1

Gwaunifor -(SN 460-41 0) [gwaun + pn. Ifor] ; [pla:s,wen'iv;lr, farm,wen'iv;)r J . Thomas] Wyne Yvor 1 74 5 Aberglasney MS 1 1 4, Waynyvor 1 75 0 Aberglasney MS 1 1 5, Gweyn Ivor 1 753 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 57, Gwayn Ivor 1 75 3 BRA ( 1 9 5 5) MSS p. 58, Weyn Ivor 1 754 Aberglasney MSS , Gweynifor 1 772 Aberglasney M S 1 1 6, Weyn Ifor 1 760CF, Gweyn Ifor 1 773 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 1 7, Wineivor 1 799 Lancych MS S, Wainifor 1 803map J. Singer, Wain Ivor 'or probably as it should be' Wain­ y-Vawr 1 808 S . R.Meyrick p . 200, Waunifor OOS1 8 1 1 , Wayn Ifor 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Gwaun-ifor 0 8 1 834, Waunifor Demesne 1 84 1 TMS, Weinifor (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 25 0, Waun-ifor 08 1 89 1 , Weunifor 1 899 D.E. Jones p. 3 8 5, Waunifor + Waunifor Farm 0 8 1 982

Gwaunlluest -(SN 4 1 5 -428) [gwaun + y + lluest]; [wejn'Hjest E. Williams, N. Thomas] Tir Pen y Pompren als. Keven y Llyest 1 564rent, Gwaen Lluest 1 65 1 rent, Gweynlluest 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Waun Lluest 08 1 8 34, Waun Llyest 1 84 1 1MS, Waun-lluest O S 1 89 1 , Waunlluast 1 8 94 John Francis MS S vol . 2 p.23

Gwaunmartin -(SN 465-41 3) [gwaun + tn. (Bryn]martin (1 4-a)] ; (wejn'martm J. Thomas] Waun-martin 08 1 89 1

It

i s possible that gwaun i s derived from Gwaunifor (1 4-a).

Gwesyn -(SN 4 1 0-442)[ ? ]; [wesm E. Williams, N. Thomas] Gwessin 1 757-58 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 64, Gwessin als. Gwernsin 1 799 R Evans MSS , Gwesyn 1 803map J. Singer, Wiston OOS 1 8 1 l , Weston 0 8 1 834, Gwessyn, Wessyn 1 84 1 TMS, Wesyn 08 1 89 1 , Wesyn, Y Wesyn 1 909 T. M Phillips p. 86

Gwestun-fawr als. Weston Madoc (Church Stoke, Monts.) ( 1 938 B. G. Charles: 1 83], however, such a typically English toponym is unlikely in this area. There is a hn. Gwestyn (SN 91 -86, prox. Clywedog, Monts.), derived by G. G. Evans [ 1986: 64] from gwystn, wystn � OE. wizen

The early OS forms do suggest it is related to the tn.

'withered, decayed', though there does not seem to be any strong evidence for medial [-t- ] . We are left

225

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD with the hn. Gu'esyn (Brees.) - derived from g1vas 'servant' - though in the case of the site of Gwesyn, the adjoini..>tg stream has another name, viz. Cefail. Gwesyn Villa -(SN 408-443)[tn. Gwesyn (14-a) + E. villa] ; [wesm'v!la E. Williams, N. Thomas] Gwesyn Villas OS 1 89 1 Gwion Castle -(SN 4 1 3-422)[tn. [Craig]vv1on (1 4-a) + E. castle] ; [wij�n'kasl E . \Villiarns] Gwion Castle OS 1 904, Gwion Castle 0Sc. l 950 Inexistent [O S 1 891 ] . R.hywun well na'i gilydd oedd yn bY"v 'na (nawr mae heart specialist) [inf. E. Williams] . Gwynfryn -(SN 43 8-463)[gwyn + bryn] ; [gwm.vrm N. Thomas] PHis y Siopwr 'a elwid arno ar y dechrau gan bobl y cylch', Gwyn:fiyn 1 958 \VF1v[ MS 1 506/1 p. 57, Gwyn..fryn OS 1 982 Home of D. H. Evans (tl 923), k.tJ.own as Y Siopwr lvfawr [1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 42-4 3] ; Dafi Evans, "Bu yn hir iav.:n yn cael enw \vrth ei fodd ar y ty . . . Awgrymodd Sam iddo ahv 'Spion Cop' arno, ond gwell oedd gan y S iopwr mawr enw Cymraeg a 'GwynfPJn' a'i fo[dd]haodd ef yn y diwedd. " [ 1 958 \Xlflvf J'..1S 1 506/1 : 57]; cf sub .Alltlwyd-ucha (48-a). Gwynnant -(SN 450-420)[gwyn + nant] ; G\\')'!lllant OS 1 891 Inexistent [OS1 904]. Hafandeg -(SN 426-452){hafan + teg]; Hafan Deg OS 1 982 Henbant-fach -(SN 448-426)[hen + pant (+ bach)] ; [hembant'va:z J. Thomas] inf Henbant-fawrr -(SN 449-429)[hen + pant (+ mav.rr)]; [hembant'vowr J. Thomas] Henbant 1 760CF, Yr Henbant 1 8thcent. RepW:M:SS vol. l pt.2 p. 94 1 , Yr Henbant 1 808 S .R..l'vfeyrick p. 1 58, R.hynbant OOS 1 8 1 1 , Henbant 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Henbant fawr 1 822PR Llandysul, Henbant 1 824PR Llandysul, 'R Hen-bant-isaf(sic loc.?) OS 1 834, Henbant 1 84 1 TMS, Henbant-fa\\lf OS1 891 Henbant Hall -(SN 449-427)[tn. Henbant (14-a) + E. l>.all]; [hembant'ho:l J. Thomas] Henbant Hall OS 1 891 Henbant-isa -(SN 449-425)[hen + pant (+ isaf)]; Henbant fach 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Henbant issa, Henbant isha 1 841 TMS Henbant-ucha -(SN 445-432)[hen + pant (+ uchaf)] ; [ba.gk;)'hrembant con1monly, hembant'ixa J. Thomas] 'R Hen-bant ychaf OS1 834, Bryn-amlwg (sic?) OS1 834, Henbant uchaf 1 841 TMS, Henbant-uchaf OS 1 89 1 , Bancyrhenbant OS 1 982 Hendre -(SN 445-489)[hendre:fJ; [hendre N. Thow.as] Hendre OS 1 982 Henfron -(SN 443-450)[hen + bron]; Henfron OS 1 9 82 Hengapel L!wyn Rhydywain -(SN 443-452)[hen + cape! + tn. Llwyn RhydY'.vai...'1 (14-a)] ; a chynulleidfa'r Llwyn 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p.77, Llwynrhydwen, Llwynrhidwen 1 847 1\lLW MS 3 500-B, Lwinrhidwen 1 863 .NLW MS 3 5 00-B, Ur-..itarian Chapel O S 1 89 1 , Hen Gapel Lhvynrhyd"ven (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 245, Sunday School OS 1 904, Hen Gapel Llwyn 1 970 K.Davies pp. 1 50-5 1 , Hen Gapel Llwynrhydowen 1 977 I.Rees p. 1 03, Hengapel Llwynrhydowen 1 979 D.W.Bundock p.22, Capel OS1 982, mae'r Hen Gapel 1 982 CN 26/03/82, Yr Hen Gape! 1 984 Garthen n. 37, Capel y Llwyn 1 984 Garthen 11. 3 7 i) b. 1 73 3 ( 1 851Rel cens . : 501 ; c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 282; 1 984 Gart.hen: 37]; "credir tr.ai ym tnhentref Llwyn [i. e. Lhtyn Rhydywain (14-a)], gerllaw sgwar Alltrodyn yr oedd capel cyntaf Llwyn, ac r-..id yn yr union fan Ue saif yr Hen Gapel heddiw. " [ 1 984 Gatt.hen: 37]. ii) b. 1 791 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 501 ; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 282; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 22; 1 984 Ga..rthen: 37] ; reb. l 834 [ 1 851Rel cens. : 501 ; c.l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tumer: 282; 1 979 D. W. Bu.11dock: 22; 1 984 Gart.hen: 37); rer d 862 [c. 1 902 E . R Horsfall-Turner: 282; 1 988 Garthen: 67] . In 1 876 congregation was thrown out of this site by the landlord; in 1 879 they were presented back the chapeL but by then the new cr.apel was nearly complete [ 1 988 Ga...rl.hen: 67] ; denom. U; see Capel-newydd Lluyn Rhydywain (1 4-a). Heo!feinog -(SN 442-462)[heol + meiniog] ; [hre�l N. Thomas] Heol y Veinog 1 760CF, Tir Heol y Vinog 1 76 1 l'\1.Richardson l'\1SS p.257, Heolfei...tJ.og 1 797 1\1.Richardson l\1SS p.262, Hoelvenog 1 806 BRA (1 955) l\1SS p.76, Rheolfeinog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Heolfeir...iog

226

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD 1 8 1 4PR LlandysuL Heolyfynog 1 8 1 5 BRA. ( 1 955) :MSS p. 1 29, Heolveii1og 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL 'R Heol Fei.t1og OS 1 834, Heol y Finod, Heol-finog 1 841 TMS, Heol-feinog 08 1 89 1 , Rhyol 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. l 9 The word heol i s conunoPJy pronounced hew!, but note not in t'Pis P.ame o f this place. Hoolifor �(SN 456-404)[heol + tn. [Gwau.Ct]ifor (14-a)]; [taj'kownsrl ( desc. ) J. Thomas] Heol Ifor OS 1 982 A hous ing estate. Heo!-y-waun -(SN 455 -41 6) [heol + y + gwaun] ; [ o,daj ' kownsrl ( desc.) l Thofil.as] Heol y Waun OS 1 982 A housing estate, the name refers to Gwaunifor (14-a). HOREB -(SN 394-424)[tn. [Capel] Horeb (1 4-a)] ; [horeb E. Williams, l Dafis] Horeb 1 80311l.ap J. Singer, Horeb 1 8 1 0PR Bangor, Horeg 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Horeb 1 826PR L!andysul, Horeb OS1 834, Horeb OS 1 89 1 , Bane Horeb 1 909 T.l\A.Phillips p. 6 7 Comprising: 1) Blaenc\vm�Menvydd, 2) Blaenfl)'Illlon, 3) BIJm, 4) Capel Horeb, 5) Llain Horeb (12-a), 6) Maes-y-ffm (12-a), 7) Pen-y-bryn, 8) Penllwyn, 9) Penparc. Ietgoch �(SN 41 4-456) [ iet + coch]; [jet'go:x; E. \Villiams, N. Thomas ] Iet-goch 08 1 8 3 4, Yetgoch 1 8 3 2PR LlandysuL Iet-goch OS 1 89 1 Ietgoed -(SN 3 78-467)[iet + coed]; [hr:lsd5 I . A. Griffiths] Iegoed 1 82 1PR LlandysuL Iet-goch (sic) 08 1 904, let Goed OS 1 891, R.l-tosydd OS 1 982 Ietwen-isa -(SN 4 1 6-462)[iet + gwen (+ isat)] ; Iet-wen-isaf 08 1 89 1 , Yetwen ( dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 23 7, i'r let-wen 'or rather the tvvo cottages called' l et-wen ucha' + let-wen isa' >1945 T.J. Thomas p. 46 Ietwen-ucba -(SN 4 1 6-463)[iet + gwen (+ uchaf)] ; Iet-wen�uchaf OS 1 89 1 , let-wen ucha' >1945 T.J. Thomas p.46 Leighton Lodge -(SN 404-405)[E.n. Leighton + lodge] ; Leighton Lodge OS 1 982 Lestus -(SN 3 86-462)[ ? ] ; [lestiS E. Williams, N. Thomas, als. tro:driW'harg;,d N. Thomas] Tro edrhiw- bargoed OS 1 904, Lestus 0Sc. 1 950, Lestus c. 1 970 \VF"t\.1 �liS 2 1 1 1 /7, Lestys OS 1 982 Llain -(SN 459-468) [llain] ; Llain O S 1 89 1 Llainddelw -(SN 402-433)[llain + y + delw] ; [km'6du E . \Xfilliams] Llain Porth y Dheew 1 697 B ronwydd MSS, Llain Porth y Dhelw 1 73 7 B r onwydd 1\.1SS, Llain-deh.v 08 1 834, Llain-ddelw OS 1 89 1 Llain Ffoshelyg -(SN 408-465)[llain + tn. Ffo shelyg (1 4-a)] ; [tajn (fos'hehg) E. Williams, iajn N . Thomas] Llain OS 1 83 4 Llainforien -(SN 455 -41 2) [ llain + pn. Morien ?] ; Lla in-forien 08 1 89 1 , Llain-forien OS1 904 Llainwem -(SN 455-4 1 4)[llain + y + gwern] ; [laj0'wern J. Thomas] Llain 08 1 89 1 , Llain-wem 08 1 904 LLA_NDYSlJL -(SN 4 1 9-406)[llan + pn. Tysul] ; [!an'd�sd M. Evan.s, ian'diSII E. Williams, J. Davies] LandessuL Landessel 1 253 in 1 946b J. C.Davies p.387, Landussul 1 259 SBSt-David p.28, Lantessul, Lantesull 1 259 SBSt-David pp. 86-87, La.,1dessel 1 291 Tax.Eccl. p. 272, Llandussell 1 400 ERSt-David p. 1 92, Llandussull 1 408 ERSt-David p.408, Llandussill 1487 ERSt-David p. 504, Llandyssell 1 53 5 VE p. 3 95 , 'vill ' Llandyssyll 1 53 9 Cilgv.)-'11 I 1\.1SS, L�'l Dusyll 1 542 Cilgwyn I MSS, Llan D ussyl 1 547 Cilgwyn I MS S, Llandyssyle 1 561 Cilgwyn I M--S S, Ll. Dyssyl c. 1 566EPC, Llandyss ell 1 573 Cilgwyn I MSS , Llandyssil 1 578w.ap C.Saxton, Llandissell 1 585 Cilg'vyn I MSS, Llandissill 1 593/94 BRi\ ( 1 955) �1SS p. 54, o Landyssyl c. 1 600 LD\vnn vo l. 1 p. 3 9, o Landyssul c. l 600 L.Dv·mn vo1. 1 p. 56, Lhan Dyssul c. l 600 S.D.R.lJ.ys p. 1 30, Llandissil c. 1 600 in 1 808 S.Rl\y1eyrick p. l 45, Llandussill 1 6 1 4 Cwrt-fil.awr �1SS, Llandiddill l 63 3 F. Green ]\.1SS vcl.25 p. 22, Llandyssi1 1 71 3 BRA.. ( 1 955) p.46, Llandiss il, Llandissyll l 721 E. Saunders pp. 1 34-3 7, Llandissull l 725 1>\..berglasney �..1SS, Llandyssyl 1 7 3 8 Croydo n 1\.1SS, Llanddys il 1 760map E.Bowen, Llandysell 1 765map E.Bo wen et al. , Llan Dysul 1 799EPC, Llandys il 1 803map J. Singer, Llandyssyl OOS 1 81 1 , Llandyssil, St Tyssil's Church (Vicarage) OS 1 89 1 , Llandyssul (d ialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p.245, Llandyssul 08 1 904

227

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Llandysul

seems to be an old church, for we ftnd an inscription dated to the sixth century with Velvor [ ] I

.filia I Broho[ J which was in the churchyard [ 1 994 W. Gw. Thomas: 412; see photo 1 967 CER: vol.5 fac. p.428] , a

connection with the knmvn king Brochmail of Pywys may be a little rash Lfl the light of the little !g 0 . Rees, l-e9er E . \Villiams] Llether Eithinog 1 564rent, Y Llether Ythynog 1 65 l rent, Llether Ithi..llog 1 760CF, Lletherithinog 1 795PR Last burial c. l 780 [ 1 979 the name

.

-

LlandysuL Llether OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llethr-eithinog OS 1 834, Llether 1 84 1 TMS, Llethr-eithinog O S 1 891

Llety'n-y-coed -(SN 470-45 l )[llety + yn + y + coed] ; Llettyc yny oed OOS 1 8 1 1 , Lletty-'n-y-coed OS 1 834 In ruins [081 89 1 ] .

Llundain-fach

[imden'va:x, J.

-(SN 453 -429)[tn. Llundain (+ bach)];

Thornas]

London-:Iach OS 1 89 1 , Llundai..ll-:ffich O S 1 904, (pn. ) John Llunden fach 1 982 CN 26/03/82

Llwyndevli -(SN 437-448)[11\.vyn + pn.

Dev;i] ;

Llwyndewi OS 1 982

Llwynreos

-(SN 439-473)[llwyn + yr + eos] ;

Llwyn-r-eos 1 83 8PR LlandysuL Llwynryos 1 84 1 cens. , Llvlyn-rhos (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Lh;vyn-yr-eos O S 1 904, Llwynreos 1 96 1 H.R. Evans p. 1 69 See Lfu'}'neos (8-a). Llwyngroes -(SN 3 79-463)[llwyn + y + croes] ;

[iujn' k.ro :s (id. ) E. Williaw..s,

rojn�'gr�·js I. A.

Griffiths]

Llwyn-groes OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn-y-groes O S 1 904

Llwyng\vragedd

-(SN 440-4 1 8) [lhvyn + y + gwragedd] ; [(c)

ka·,iujn'gwrage()

N. Herbert,

brm.'tegnd

new

house S . \Villiams] Llwyn-y-gwaredd OS 1 89 1 , Llwyn-y-gwragedd OS 1 904, Llwyn-y-gwragedd 0Sc. l 950, Bryntegryd 0 8 1 982

ba.!Jk�'buki Bancybwci [c. 1 970 WFM MS 21 1 1 17] (an alternative site to be kept h"'l mind for Banc-y-mvci is the unnamed house marked at SN 439-422 [1 841TMS]). Llwyngwyn -(SN 447-425)[lhvyn + gwyn] ; [lujn 'gwm J. Thomas] I am unsure whether tbis was

Banc-y-bwci

for I have been informed by S . Williams that

seems, either to have been this place, or adjacent to it,

229

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD inf

Llwynmartin -(SN 465-41 2)[llwyn + tn. (Bryn] rnart in (1 4-a)] ;

Llwyn-martin OS 1 891 L!wyn Rhydywain -(SN 445-449)[llwyn + tn. Rhydywain (1 4-a));

Lhvyn Rhydowen 1 779 BRA ( 1 955) 1\1SS p. 64, Llwynrhydowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llwyn-rhyd-owen O S 1 834, Lhvyn-rhyd�o\ven O S 1 89 1 , Llw)T.rhydv.ren (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 245, Ll\vr'd\ven (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.269, Llwyn c. l 902

E.RHorsfall-Turner p.22 1 ,

Llwynrhydowen 'or

w-en

accordi..11g to local

pronunciation' 1 93 1 S . M. Powell p. 1 4, 'a cluster of houses called' yn Bentref Llwyn 1 984 Garthen n. 3 7 Llwynteg -(SN 41 0-470)[1lwyn

+ teg]; [i!-ujn te : g '

E. \Villiams, N . Thomas]

Llwyn-teg OS 1 89 1 , Lhvyn-teg, Siop Pant-rasis > 1 945 T.J. Thomas p. 44, Llwyn-teg 0Sc. 1 95 0 'Llwynteg yvv'r enw a r garreg wal y ty nev,')'dd; ond i bawb o ' r cylch adwaenir y fan fel Siop

[>1 945 T. J. Thomas: 44]. Llynddwr -(SN 409-41 9)[llyn + d\\rr] ; [im 6u : r E. '

Pantrasys'

\Villiams]

Llyndd\-\T 1 806PR Llandysul, LlyndvvT OOS 1 8 1 1 , Llyn-dvvT O S 1 834, Llynov"T 1 83 3PR Llandysul, Lh.�-"fn Ddwr, Llyndd\\'T 1 84 1 TMS, Llyndd'VvT O S 1 904, Bank Llyndvv'T Cottage (prox.)

196 1 H.R.Evans p.l65 in (c) Pen Llyn Dwr (on Brynrhudd, 76-b) [ 1 859map Gogerddan n.24], is also evidenced with other terms such as in LlynwenddWr (33-a), RhewyndWr (24a), (c) Blaen Ffos Ddwr (SN 288-503, prox. Esgaireithli-.., 8-a) [l787sur map] , and Penwarch Dl:Vr (Llanna.rt.�) . [ 1 958 H. G. Davies: 12]. In the case of P11llldl'Vr ( 1 5-b), Pyllau-dlvr (4 1 -a), and Esgair Pl'Fllm1'r (59-b) it could be argued that since plVll ca.'l also mean '(dry) pit', the addition of m:Vr is not necessary tautologous, though I do not The apparently superfluous addition of dWr 'water' to

llyn

'lake', also

hold with this. Llynfri.wt-isa -(SN 4 1 1 -4 1 4) [llyn + y + bran (+ isaf)] ;

[imvra:n'va:z E.

Williarns]

Llynyfranisaf OS 1 982 b. bet. l 904-82

[OS1 904; OS1 982] .

Llynfran-ucha -(SN 4 1 1 -4 1 5)[llyn + y + bran (+ uchaf)] ; [hn r J. Thomas] Dolvor 11ill 1 750 R.Evans M:S8, Felin Dolfor OOS 1 8 1 1 , Dolfor Mill 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Melin-ddol-for OS 1 834, Dolfor l\lf_.ill 1 84 1TIAS, �.1eli."'l Ddolfor (Com) O S 1 89 1 , 11elin Dolfor O S 1 904, Felin Dolfor O S 1 982 Melingeiron -(SN 4 5 1 -4 38) [ melin + lm. Ceiront Alltyrodyn Mill 1 706 BRA ( 1 955) MS8 p. 1 07, Altyrodyn Mi11 1 742 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p . 1 1 0, Keyron 11ill 1 773 BF�.L\ ( 1 955) MS8 p. 1 1 7, Velin Kyron 1 790 BF�A._ (1 955) Mc;,;8 p. l 24, Feli.11alltyrodyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Velin Kyron als. 11elin Chyron 'formerly, but now called' l\.1ill Field + Velin Nev.ydd 1 826 BRA ( 1 95 5) l'AS S p . 1 34, l'Aelin-Geyron (sic loc.) OS 1 834, Velin newyo ? 1 836PR LlandysuL �.1ill 1 84 1 TMS

Cf OW.tn Lann Deui Ros Cerion (E. Much Dewchurch, Heres.) [c. l l40 lL: 275; 1967-70 M. Richards: 95 ] . Melingletwr -( SN 427-468) [melin + hn. Cletwr] ; [velm'kletur J'v1. Evans, N. Thomas] Melindre Glettwr 1 564rent, Y Vel:;mdre Gletr..vr 1 65 1rent, Clettwr JV_jll 1 759 G.E.Evans MSS p. 8, 1.1elyn Clettvvr 1 79 1 BRP.. ( 1 955 ) MSS p.68, Felinglittwr OOS1 8 1 1 , Felin Cletwr O S 1 83 4, Velyn Gletwr 1 84 1 TM8, FeJin Clettwr (Com) OS 1 89 1 , Felin Glettwr 1 958 WFM MS 1 506/1 p.48 Melin Pant-lum!wen -(8N 4 1 6-41 9) [meli.� + tn. Pant-houlwen (1 4-a)] ; [ pan t , ;:,!wen ' fa tri E. \Villiams] Tir Melindre \Vyon, Tir arall y l\.1elindre \Vion 1 564rent, Panthoylwen M:ill l 745 BRA. ( 1 95 5) 1.1SS p.55, Pant Olwen als. Tyr Pant Olwen als. Craigw;on als. Mehndre Wyon 1 746 BRA (1 955) 1.1SS p. 55, Pantholwen Mill 1 809 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 82, Felin Pa.nt-hailwen OS 1 834, Pant Holwen Mills 1 84 1 TMS, Felin Pant-haulwen (Corn) OS 1 891 , Pantolwen Mills OS 1 904, M_ills 0Sc. 1 9 5 0 A woollen factory 1 890-1962 ( 1 984 J. G. Jenkins: 1 37]. Melin Rhydywain -(SN 44 0-45 l ) [melin + tn. Rhydywain (14-a)] ; [pentre,hri:d'owen, vdm,hri:d 'owen N. Thomas] Aber Menei (prox. ) >1265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llyc.b-au, Melin Rhyd Owen 1 602 in 1 93 8 E.G.Jones, MeJifl Rhud Owen 1 603-25 T . I . J . Jones ( 1 955) p.89, Meli.fl-y-pandy ? 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p. 48, �Aelyn y Pandy 1 679 BRA ( 1 955) �.1S8 p. 1 04, R.lJ.ydowen Tucking Mj!l 1 706 BRA ( 1 955) MS8 p. 1 07, Rhyd Owen Mill 1 750 REvans .l'vlSS, Pontrhydowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Velinrhydowen 1 821 BR.A ( I 955) 1\lf..S S p. l 3 2, Rhydowen l\.1ill 1 825PR LlandysuL 1'.1ill O S 1 834, Rhydov.ren MilL l'.1ill 1 84 1 TillS R.ltyd Owen 0Sc. 1 950 Pa.rt of Faerdre grange. Melin Tregroes -(8N 406-447) [melin + tP� Tregroes (14-a)] ; [velm E. Willia.IP. s, N. Thofl'l.as] 23 1

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tregros 11i11 1 806PR LJandysuL Tregroes 1£11, 1£11 1 84 1 TIA:S, Com 11i11 OS 1 89 1

Minffordd

-(SN 448-4 1 5) [mL11 + y + ffordd] ;

[w..m'f:lr(),

later

pcn'p:lmpren

S.

Willian1s]

11inffordd OS 1 891 , Penpompren 0Sc. 1 950

ofPenpompren ( 1 4-a) after the latter was abandoned. [m:>k N. Thomas, E. \Villia:rns, 0. Rees]

This took the name

l\1oc -(SN 3 79-475)[

? ];

Mock 1 792PR LlandysuL Moe OS 1 8 1 1 , Mock OS 1 834, Mock Farm OS 1 89 1 , Moe, 1 6/02/3 3, Mock c. 1 970 Derived from E.

mock

Y Moe

1 93 3

WGaz.

WFM MS 2 1 1 1 /7 'efelycb..iad, gwawd'

[ 1 868

B. Williams:

270];

" . . . a chlywais mai y \vedd ge!!wei.rus

sydd debycaf o fod yn gywir gan fod y perchen yn h)"vV yn Dinas Cerdyn, a phan byddai gv.yr y rhybuddio ang1add neu neithior yn dod oddi am.5jlch nid oedd iddynt gardod yn y Moe gan mai gwasanaethyddion yn unig oe.dd yno. " [ 1 933 WGaz. 1 6/02/3 3] . The usual hypocoristic form of Morgan

in

Cardiganshire is also

�Moe; cf �Mockwell (Hayc.astle), contaiPing well and either ME moke 'a stump' or 'muck' [1 994 PN Pembs: 2 1 3 ] . Moelhedog-isa

-(SN 445-460)[moel + ehedog (+ isaf)] ;

11oel-hedog-isaf OS 1 904

Moelhedog-ucha =(SN 446-46 l )[moel + ehedog (+ uchaf)] ; [m;,jl'hed:>g N. Thomas] Moylehedauc, Molhehedauc > 1 265( 1 332) cart. Tal-llychau, Molehedauc > 1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Tir Pen 11oel Hedog 1 76 1 M.Fichardson M:ss p.257, Moelhedog 1 79 1 PR Llandysul, Hebog OOS 1 8 1 1 , Mol Hedg 1 8 1 1 PR LlandysuL Molhedog 1 8 1 7PR L!andysuL Foe! Hedog 1 823PR Llandysul, Foledog 1 828PR Llanwenog, Moel Hedog O S 1 834, Vole-hadog, Voe1�adog 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Mo1�edog (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p.23 9, 11oelhedog uchaf OS 1 982 The name of the Caernarfonshire mountain of explained by

L.

Morris

[1 745 in 1 947 H. Owen: 55],

Afoelhedog

(now better knovvn as

Afoelhebog)

was

" onid a ehedo gyrlt.aedd ei drum gan serthed y diph\.vys" ;

"11oel Hebog (Camarvonshire) is called 11oel Hedog or 11olihedog about Criccieth. " [1917 H. Owen: 1 3 1 ] . I. \Villiaw..s [ 1 945: 1 7] explai.11S both these names thus: " Ge!!ir deall ehedawg fel gair cyffredin am aderyn, ehediad ( er i mi glywed Hedog fel enw ci erstalwm yn NgrJynnog, A.rfon). Efallai mai enw torfo l -yrw, neu, luosog, os teg cymryd ednog 'man wybed, gnats' (lluosog), ednogyn (unigol) fel patrwm (gw. Ll.A. 1 0, Duw a wnaeth yr ednog a'r gwydbet), ond ceir edynogyon fel lluosog hefyd (B. T. 44). Mae cael Moelehedog yn �Mon a Cheredigion yn erbyn deal! Ehedog ynddo fel enw dyn, er cystal fuasai ei gael am ehed\\lf y dyddiau hyn. 11oel Adery:n neu Adar yw. " ; see Penmoelhedog (14-b). Myrtlehi!I (SN 3 85-464)[£. myrtle + hill] ; [m�rt�l'hrl E. Williams, N. Thomas] -

Myrtle Hill OS 1 904

Nantcwnstabl

-(SN 3 9 1 -482)[nant + y + C\vnstabl] ;

[nant'knstab Ll

.

Jones, I. A. Griffiths,

nant'kunstab

N.

Thomas] Nant y Cunstabyl 1 564rent, Nant y O..v11stab 1 65 1 rent, Tir Nant y Cuntstable 1 697/98 D.T.MJones l\.1SS volA p.763, Tyr Nant y Cwmstable 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D.T.11.Jones 11S S volA p. 764, Nantycwnstab OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nant-y-cwnstabl O S 1 834, Nant Constable, Nan Constable 1 84 1 TMS, Nantygwlstab 1 84 l cet:1S. , Nant-y­ cw:nstabl O S 1 89 1

Na...wttegryd-fach -(SN Williams]

442-41 9)[nant + ergryd (+ bach)] ;

[mmt,egnd'va:x; J .

Thomas,

(c) ka·,nant ,egrid 'va:x; S .

Nantygryd fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nanthergid fach 1 8 1 4PR Llandysul, Nantegryd fach 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Nantegrid vach 1 826PR Llandysul, Nant-teg-rhyd-ffich OS 1 834

Nantegryd-fawr -(SN 449-423)[nant + ergryd (+ tna\\lf)] ; Nant Egryd 1 7 1 8/1 9 D . T. M Jones 11SS vol.4 p. 764, Nanthegrid 1 8 1 0PR Llandysul, Nantygryd fa\\'T 008 1 8 1 1 , Nanthergid 1 8 1 6PR LlandysuL Na..'lt-teg-rhyd-fav.rr OS 1 83 4, Nant-egryd 1 84 1 TMS, Nant­ tegrhyd O S 1 891 , Nantegryd O S 1 904

The earliest form suggests the second term was egryd 'quaking, trembli.11g, horror, fear', rather tb.an

tegryd egryd] is likely to be a reflex by dissimilation of ergryd [GPC s.v. ergryd]) , the phrase in BBC [c. l 250: 37] !ocati.'lg the grave of Rhu.'l ab Pyd in ergrid avon appears to refer to the commotion of a fast flowing stream (though �A. 0. H. Jarman [ 1 982: 141] suggests it may be a hydronym) . Nearby C"}vmtegryd (14-a), attested later than ""l\fantegryd, could be a misdivision of Nantegryd as 1\fant­ tegryd. The nearby stream is now called ]\fantmorgan (d) [inf J. Thomas] . If the name does contain rhyd it is not easy to decide between the fords on Nantmorgan near Nantegryd-fach (14-a), or on the Cletwr(i) next to Rhydychen (14-a); cf Cwmtegryd (14-a). Nantremenyn -(SN 428-470) [nant + )If + ymenyn]; (nantre'menm 11. Evar..s, N. Thomas, E. \Villiams] 'fair ford' (the form egryd [GPC

s.v.

232

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tir Nant y �1eni.'1 1 62 1 Cilgv.yn ( 1 95 5)

MSS

p. 68,

I

MSS , Nant y Menyn 1 73 0PR Troedrour, NantremerJ...-•1 1 79 1 BRA.

Nantremeni.11

1 803map

J. S inger,

Nantyrymsnyn

1 808

S . RMeyrick

p. 1 56,

Nantyrymenyn OOS 1 8 1 1 , Nantrefmenyn 1 828PR Llanwnnen, Nant-yr-ymenyn OS 1 834, Nantre Menyn, Nant Remenyn 1 84 1 TM ...S , Nant-tre-ymenyn OS 1 89 1 , Nantremenyn OS 1 904, Na..11tyrymenyn 1 984 Gambo n. 1 8 The pronunciation of 1 945 : 45--46]

explained the name somewh-at

rhedyn ac eithin oesoedd weditroi'n dair neu. bedair troedfedd o fawn; wedi ei dorri a'i sychu. yn yr haf, gwnai

hv•m danwent rhagorol Arf.erai certi o bentre Landysul (sic) a'r gymdogaeth, cyn oes y rheilffordd

a'r glo, dod i fyny yma am lwythi

o

d'werch, fel y gelwir mawn yma, ac wedi dringo i ben J\1oelymor, a

gv;lad yr addewid yn y golwg, fe §j'n gystadleuaet_� am y cyntaf i gyrraedd y rhos, a

tr..a\Vf

y gyrru a fyddai

Cae-rasys (72-b) , Bancrasys (22-b). [pant,hre'dinen N. Thow.as, pantre'dinen, pant'rinen

drVvy'r pant; d)na, mae'n debyg, ddechrau'r envv- Pant-'rasis. " ; cf

Pantrhedynen -(SN 3 98-434)[pant + y + rhedynen] ;

E.

Williams] Pant y R.�edyney 1 564rent, Pant y Hhedynen 1 65 l rent, Tir Pant y Rhedynen 1 697/98 D . TJ\1.Jones l\.1S S vol.4 p. 763 , Pant R.�ydynen 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D . T . M Jones MS S vo1.4 p. 764, Pantyrhyd)nen OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Pantredynen, Pant "Kh.edyon 1 841 TMS , Pant-y-rhedynen OS 1 89 1 Pantrhedynen-fach -(SN 398-434)[pant + y + rhedynen ( + bach)] ; [pantre ,dinen'va:x, pant,rinen'va:x E . \Xfilliams] Pantrhedynen fach 1 806PR Llandysul Pant-y-rhedynen-rnch O S 1 891

Pantsgawen -(SN 443-472)[pant + ysgawen] ; [pant'skowen J. Daf1s, pan'skawen Ll. Jones, pant'sk�wen N. Thomas]

235

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tythin Pant Yskawen 1 690 BRP.. ( 1 955) MSS p. l 06, Tythin Pant y Skawen 1 736 BRA ( 1 95 5) �1SS p. l l O, Pantysc.awen 1 768 BR.i\ ( 1 955) MS S p.60, Tyth i.tl Panty Skawen 1 777 BR..A ( 1 95 5) MSS p. l l 9, Pont Seawen 1 795PR Llandysul, Pantysgawen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pant Ysgawen OS 1 834, Pant-y-scawen 1 84 1 TMS, Pant-yscawen OS 1 89 1 , Pantsgawen ( dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p.272, Pantscawen 0Sc. 1 950 Pantsguthan -(SN 391 -437)[pant + ysguthan] ; [ pant'skiSan E. Williams, pant'sk�ean N. Thomas] Pant Yskythan 1 564rent, Pant y Scythem 1 65 l rent, Pantscyt.han OOS 1 8l l , Pant-ysguthan OS1 834, Pant Scythan, Pantsgythan 1 84 1 1MS, Pant-ysguthan OS 1 891 Pantsgu.than�fach -(SN 389-43 5)[pant + ysgutP.an]; [pant,s!c..I6 an'va:x E. Williams] Pant-ysguthan-!ach OS 1 89 1 , Pantysguthan-fach 0Sc. 1 950 Pantsifft -(SN 426-442)[pa._1't + ? ]; Pantshi._ft OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pentreshift 1 8 1 7PR L!andysul, Pentresbift 1 82 8PR Llandysul, Pant-sift OS 1 834, Pant Sifft, Panshift 1 84 1 TMS, Pant-sifft O S 1 89 1 , Pentre Shifft + Pantshifft 1 958 W'FM MS 1 506/2 pp. 1-2, Pant Shiffi: 1 958 \VFM MS 1 506/2 p.48, PantsJ:.ifft c. 1 970 \VR-1 :l\AS 2 1 1 1 /7 There were two places in this vicinity, one called Pantsiy"ft and the other Pentre-sifft: "Yr oedd pentref bach arall yn 'is i la\-vr ar y tyrpeg rhyvv led cae i ff\vrdd, ond byddai'r ddau le yn ystyried eu hunai.'l yn hollol ar wahan am fod ir ddau o honynt enwau iddynt eu hunain. Pentre Shiffi: y gelwid yr isaf, ac enwau dau o'r bythynod oedd Pantsb1fft. Gwahaniaethem ni y plant rhwng y ddau P.vthyn yma trwy arddodi enwai'r deiladon ynghyd ag emvau'r tai - fel Pantshifft Nlari a Pantshifft Hannah. Un o'r bythynod sydd yn sefYll yno erbyn heddyv1, ac er mvvyn dilyn yr oes cafodd enw steilis 'Lhvynon'. " (1 958 Wfl..if :rvrs 1 506/2: I-2; 1 970 K. Da"ies: 1 2] . Since pentref sometimes has a tendency to become pant in a pre-stress position, \Ve may suspect tr.at both places originally had the same name Pentre-shifft. The significance of sifft (E. shift) as an adjective in Cardiganshire Welsh \Vas pejorative, something 'i...tnpermanent, temporary', e. g. km�jift meant a 'throwaway' lunch, regularly prepared on a Monday when the \vife was pre-occupied with the washi.."flg-up (Llanio) [inf. C. Jones, inf E. Evans] (cf. A 'ch:i."flio shifft' ddydd Llun;" [ 1 958 D. Gw. Jones: 1 14]), whilst gweli1Ift meant a temporary bed rr.ade with a mattress, cushior.s, or even a mat for a visitor [inf c . Jones], more commonly known as howsal [h"'lf C. Jones, inf E. Evans] . The renaming of the last standi."'lg house ofPantsifft as Llwynonn was explained thus by K. Davies [1958 WFM MS 1 506/2: 1-2; 1 970 K. Davies: 12]: "Nid yw pobl yr oes yma yn foddlon rhoi shi:fft o enw ar eu tai. " Pantstreimon -(SN 455-446) [pant + y + streimon]; (pant'strejm:m J. Thomas] Pant Ystreinlon c. 1 569 i.11 RepWMSS vol l pt.2 p. 895, Pantstreimon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p.85, o Bantystreimon c. 1 600 L.Dwnn vol. 1 p. 1 5, Pant y Porth.rnon (sic?) 1 679 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies p.48, Pant y Strymon 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D. T.M.Jones M_.S S vo1.4 p. 764, Pantstrein10n 1 794PR Llandysul, Pantstrimon OOS 1 81 1 , Pant-y-strimon OS 1 834, Pant Strimon 1 84 1 TIAS, Pant-y-strimon OS 1 891 , Pantstrei.'lol n 0Sc. 1 950 The term streimon is interesting for it appears to be the E. strayman, whom we assume \Vas a collector of estrays or stray animals. The term strayman is, to my knowledge, not found in English. Pant-teg(i) -(SN 470-4 1 3)(Pontllwni)[pant + teg]; Pant-teg OS 1 8 9 1 Pant-teg(ii) -(SN 428-460)(Pontsian)[pant + teg]; Pa.11t-teg OS1 891 Parcau -(SN 4 1 2-423)[parciau] ; Tir Parke Llandissill 1 6 8 1 BF�t\ ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 04, Parke 1 783 :l\A. Richardson MSS p.260, Park w.awr 1 803map J. Singer, Parcau OOS 1 8 1 1 , Parke 1 8 1 9PR LlandysuL Parke 1 84 1 Th1S, Smithy OS1 891 , Pare rr.av;r (sic loc.) 1 96 1 H.REvar1s p. 1 5 1 Penrallt -(SN 436-473)[pen + yr + alit] ; [praH J. Dafts, pen'raH N. Thomas] Tir yr i\llt vawr 1 62 1 Cilgwyn I MSS, Gwar yr Alit fawr als. Pen yr LAJlt fawr, 'lt..ill called' Yr Allt fa\'\lf 1 7 1 6 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p.46, Gwarr yr Allt vav.'l" als. Pen yr Allt vawr 1 733 BRA (1 955) MSS p. 49, Penyrallt fa\\'1" 1 747/48 BRA.. ( 1 95 5) 1\!f� S p. 55, (c) 'hill' Alltfawr als. Yr i).Jltfawr 1 768 BR.I\. ( 1 955) :l\.1SS p. 6 1 , Pen)'l"allt 1 783 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 65, Pen y Rallt 1 803map J. Singer, Pen)'l"allt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-'rallt O S 1 834, Penrallt 1 834PR Llandysul, Pen Allt 1 84 1 TM...S , Penrallt (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p. 239, Pen­ yr-allt OS 1 891 Penbanc -(SN 45 1 -43 5)[pen + y + bane] ; [ pem ' hauk J. Thow.as] "

236

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Penybank 1 773 BR.i\._ ( 1 95 5) M ..S S p. 1 1 7, Penban..�e 1 824PR Llandysul, Penyban.� 1 826 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. l 34, Penbank 1 836PR Llandysul,

Mill Farro., Mill Field 1 84 1 TM_8, Wernhir (Penbanc) 1 88 1 Jo}l_n MSS vol.2 p. 1 53 , Pen-bane O S 1 8 9 1 , Pen-bane O S 1 904, Penbanc OS 1 982 See }vfelingeiron (1 4-a). Pen-y-bont -(SN 444-407){pen + y + pont] ; Francis

Pen-y-bont O S 1 89 1 , Penbontfach ? 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 63 Refers to Pont Dolfor (SN 445�407) (OS 1 904] . Penbont Bargod -(SN 3 86-462)[pont + tn. Bargod (1 4-a)] ; [b:mt E. Williams, b�nb'barg:ld, formerly pen�'b:lnt N. Thomas] Penbont-Bargoed O S 1 904, Penbont-Bargoed O S 1 982

Penbryn(i) -( SN 408-484)(Blaencribor)[pen + y + bryn] ; [pern'brm Ll. Jones] Pen-bryn OS 1 89 1

Pen-y-bryn(ii) -(SN 395-428)(H{)reb) [pen + y + bryn] ; Pen-y-bryn O S 1 89 1

Pencamhiced -(SN 4 1 1 -437)[pen + earn + pn. Hiced] ; [penkan'Iked, penk;1n'Iked E . Williams, pe.Qkar 'niked N. Thomas] Cwm y Geist als. Penkae'r Nicked a!s. Ffyn..'lo n Saer 1 784 BR,a._ ( 1 955) l\1S S p. 66, Pencornicell (sic) OOS1 8 1 1 , Pencarniced 1 8 1 3PR Llandysul, Pen Cam Nicced 1 8 1 8PR Llanwenog, Pengarn Ricked 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Penc.arn Hicced 1 824PR Llandysul, Pengraig Hicced 1 827PR Llandysul, Pen-cae­ ricket OS 1 89 1 , Pen-carnicced OS 1 904, Pencanicket 1 909 T.M. Phillips p. 86, Pencarn-niced >1 945 T. J. Thomas p . 42, Pencarniced 0Sc. l 950

It would seem that Hiced is derived from the E. pn. Bickett, Brees.); cf. Cae-P.hiced (41 -a). Pencnwc -(SN 423-455) [pen + y + cnwc] ; [brm'amlug N. Thomas]

cf.

Trvyn Brynhiced {SN 88-32, Llandeilo-faen,

Pencnwc, Pencnwck 1 81 3PR Llandysul Bencnwck 1 83 1 PR Llandysul, Bryn-amlwg OS 1 89 1 , Pen-cnwc \vas the old house's name, but the new cottage was called' Bryn Amlwg 1 970 K.Davies p. 1 23, Pen-cnwc neu Dy Deio Ddoch 1 970 K Davies p. 1 23

"�1ynnai pobl yr ardal lynu wrth yr hen enw a chodai gv.rrychyn Deio ar unwaith bob tro y clywai ef bobl a llawer a bygwth yn enbyd, nid oedd dim yn tycio, fel Pen�cnwc neu Dy Deio Ddoch [ ("wy)ddoch gair llusg] yr adwaenid ei dy hyd ddiwedd ei oes. " ( 1 970 K. Davies: 1 2 3 ] . Pencwarre -(SN 452-434)[pen + y + cwarre] ; [ peg'kwa re J . Thomas] Penquarre 1 8 1 5 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. l 29, Pencwarrau 1 827PR Llandysul, Pencwarae 1 829PR Llandysul, yn cyfeirio at ei balas fel Pen�cnwc. Ond er iddo ffraeo �

Pen-y-cwarau OS 1 834, Penquarau 1 833PR LlandysuL Pen-quarry 1 84 1 TMS, Pengwarre 1 88 1 John Francis MSS vo1.2 p. l 53, Pen-quarry OS 1 89 1 , Pencwarre (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.244 Pencwarre was composed of two abutting houses, one of which was later distiP.guished as he(}van Thomas] . Pendre -( SN 4 1 1 -436) [pen + y + tref]; [pen'dre: E. \Villiams, N. Thomas] Ty With 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, (c) Allt Ty-chwith O S 1 904, (c) Alit Ty-hw)rth O S 1 982 Penffm -(SN 3 93 -429)[pen + y + ffm] ; [ pen fi : n N. Thomas]

[inf.

J.

'

Perrff'm 1 84 1 PR LlandysuL Pen�y-ffin O S 1 8 9 1 , Penffm OS 1 982

Pengelli -(SN 445-458)[pen + y + celli] ; Pengelly 1 84 1 Tiv!S, Pengelli 1 95 8 �A MS 1 506/1 p. 60, Pengelli OS 1 98 2

Pengraig(i) -(SN 445-423)(Capeldewi)[pen + y + craig] ; [peg'grajg J. Thow.as] Pen-graig OS 1 89 1

Pengraig(ii) -(SN 394-468)(Cegi...rnm) [pen + y + craig] ; [pen'grajg E. Willian:1s, N . Thoro.as] Penygraig 1 8 1 3PR L1andysul, Pen'graig OS 1 834, Penygraig 1 841 Th1S, Pen-y-graig OS 1 891 Part of Ceginan

(14-a) [1813PR LlandysuiJ. Pen:rheol -(SN 440-483) [p en + yr + heol]; Tyle-wyllt OS 1 89 1 , Pen-rheoL Penrheol 1 967 S . Gw.Davies p.6 1 , Penhewl l 979 D. W.Bundock p. 1 9

Penie! -(SN 4 1 8-406) [Bibl.tn. Penuel] ; [penje! J. Thomas] (f. pn. ) Nani Tycv.rrdd \Vesley 1 88 0 in 1 96 1 H.REvans p. l 82, Llandyssul (Peniel) c. l 902 E.R.Horsfall­ Turner p. 280, Llandysul (Ceredigion) 1 98 0 E.Edwards p. 72, Chap O S 1 982

237

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD b. 1 808 [ 1 85 1 Rel

cens. :

1 844-45 (c.l 902 E.

500; c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall�Tumer: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 72] ; b. 1 8 1 0 [ 1 987 B. J. R Horsfall-Tumer: 280; 1 980 E. Edwards: 72; 1 987 B. J. Rawlins: 99] ; denom. WM.

Rawlir..s:

99] ;

Penlati(i) -(SN 459-426)(Capeldewi)[pen + y + glan] ; Penylan 1 706 BRA. ( 1 95 5) J\1SS p. 1 07, Llain. Penylan als. Penylan 1 742 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. l l l , Pen!an OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen'lan OS 1 834

Penla.-t(ii) =(SN 3 86=44l )(Cros-lan)[pen + y + glan] ; [pen'lan E. \Villia:rr..s, N. Tho:rr.as] (c) Ffynnon Penlan (prox. ) 1 794 in 1 793 sur map, Penlan ? 1 8 1 2PR Llandysul, Pen-y-lan O S 1 834, Penlan 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-!an O S 1 8 9 1

Penlan-fach -(SN 4 1 5-452)[pen + y + glan (+ bach)] ; [pen'arwel E. \Villiams, N . Thomas] Penlan fach OOS 1 8 1 1 , PerJan-fach O S 1 834, Pen-lan-fach-cyfeili OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lan-fach-g:;feile O S 1 904, Pen-lan-fach-gyfeile 0Se. 1 95 0, Penarwel Farm OS 1 98 2

Penl!wyn(i) -(SN 3 78-484)(Ffostrasol)[pen + y + llwyn]; [pen'iujn I. A . Griffiths] Pen-llWyn. O S 1 891

Penllwyn(ii) -(SN 395-428)(Horeb)[pen + y + llwyn] ; Pen-11Wy!l OS 1 8 91

Penlon -(SN 4 1 5-457)[pen + y + lon] ; [pen'!o:n E. Williarns, N. Thow.as] Penlon 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL Penlone 1 820PR Llandysul, Pen-'lon O S 1 834, Pen=lon OS 1 89 1 , ym :r..1hen-lon 1 984 D.J. G.Evan..s p . 54

Pen!on Esgair -(SN 439-473)[pen + y + Ion + tn.

Esgair

(1 4-a)] ; [pen'lo:n N. Thomas]

Penylone OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen'lon OS 1 83 4, Pen-Ion O S 1 891 , T)T..lon ? (dialect) 1 896 \V. J.Davies p. 269, Penlon

R

Esger 1 958 WN.1 M:S 1 506/1 p. 40, PerJonesger 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 1 4, Penlon Esgair

O S 1 982

Penlon-fach -(SN 437-448)[pen + y + Ion (+ bach)] ; Penlon faeh 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Pen-lon-tach OS 1 89 1 , Pen-lon-fach 0Sc. 1 950 On Pantdefaid land (1 817PR Llandysul). Pen!onwen -(SN 4 1 5-4 1 8)(pen + y + !on + gwen] ; [penlo:n'wen, penlan'wen E. \Villia:rr..s] Penlonwen 1 841 TMS, Pen-lon-wen O S 1 89 1

Pennant -(SN 449-45 1 )[pen + nant] ; Pennant O S 1 891

Penparc(i) -(SN 395-428)(Horeb)[pen + y + pare] ; Pen-pare O S 1 89 1

Penparc(ii) -(SN 449-43 3)(Capeldewi)[pen + y + pare] ; [pen'park J. Thomas] Pen-pare OS 1 89 1

PenpistyU =(SN 4 1 8=408)(pen + y + pistyll] ; o Benpistyll 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 245, Penpistyll als. Gwylfa 1 96 1 H. REvans p. 1 54, Gwilfa OS 1 : 5,000 map

Penpompren -(SN 447-4 1 3) [pen + y + pompren] ; [pen'p�mpren S . Williall'..s] Dol y Berllan als. Pen y Pombren 1 7 1 8/1 9 D. T.�..1.Jones M:SS vo1.4 p. 764, Penypompren 1 794PR LlandysuL

Penpompren

1 8 1 1 PR

LlandysuL

Penpontbren 1 84 1 1MS, Penypompren 1 841 TMS

Penpontbryn

OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Pen-y-bont�bren

OS 1 834,

After it fell in ruin, the name was transferred to Mi11jfordd (14-a). Penpwll -(SN 4 1 9-4 l l )[pen + y + pwll] ; Penpwll l 84 l cer..s . , Pemp..vl1 1 903 Geninen vol.2 1 p.24, Penpwll l 96 1 H.REvans fac.p. l 56 Penr.hiw(i) -(SN 3 77-483)(Ffostraso1)[pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'hnw I. A. Griffiths] Pen-rhiv-1 08 1 89 1

Penrhiw(ii) -(SN 436-41 7)(Llanfair)[pen + y + rhiw] ; [pen'hrnv E . \Villiams, pen'nw N . Herbert, (c) hriW,be'nw J. Thomas] Penrhiw OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-rhiw 1 8 1 3PR Llandysu� Pen-rhiw 1 84 1 TMS, Pen-rbiw OS 1 89 1 Penrhiw(iii) -(SN 422-440)(Prengwyn) [pen + y + rhiw] ; Pen-rl'-..iw O S 1 89 1

2 cottages ( 1 958 \VFJ\1 MS 1 506/2: 37) . Pen-y-rhiw(iv) -(SN 469-443)(1thydcynydd)[pen + y + rbiw] ; [gwarkod'v!la J. Thomas] Pen-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Gwarcoed Villa OS 1 982 L�existent [OS1 904].

238

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Penrhiwcoule �(SN 458�443)[pen + rhiv.r + yr + ceule] ; Penrhiwcoileu 1 840PR Llandysu� Pen-rhiw-coele OS 1 89 1 , Pemhiwceule (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 268, (c) Rhiw Coelau 1 924-26 CSRLS 62 The element coule appears to stand for uP.attested ceule 'hollow place, crevice, chasm' a1so seewiP.gly found in Fjjmnonceule (70-b) and Troedrhiwceule (u..'1loc., near Lett..erston, Pembs.), trodrnv'kejle [i.'lf S\VDP] (the latter in a..'l area where medial is pronounced [ej] and not [ :>j]. Penrhiw-fach -(SN 445-458) [pen + y + rhiw (+ bach)] ; Penrhiw fach 1 84 1 TMS , Penrhiw OS 1 982 Penrhhlrfelen �(SN 456-4 1 3)[pen + y + rhiw + melen] ; [pen,hrnv'velen J. Thomas] Pemhiwfelen 1 836PR Llandysul, Gwarallt OS 1 89 1 , Pemhiwfelen (sign) Penrhiwpinnau -(SN 441 -4 1 9) [pen + rhiw (+ yr + pinnau)]; [pendriW'pme S. Williaw.s, peru'pme J. Thomas] FJllw-pinau O S 1 834, Pen-rhiw-fiic h OS 1 89 1 , (c) Rhiw Penrhiwpin...'le 1 924-26 CSRLS 62, Pen-rl>.iw-rach OS c. 1 950, Penrhiwpinnau OS 1 982 I believe this name is h'l contrast to Penrhiw(ii) (14-a) at the bottom of which stood Troedrhiwhatau (1 4-a) which I believe refers to hatmakers; cf "mewn gweithdy cyfagos [ i . e. �Moelon, 9-a] yr oedd dau neu dri \vrth y grefft o wneud pinnau. " [ 1 962 CER: 4.215] ; another possibility is that pme represents pynnau '(horse)loads', though pune would be the expected realisation in this area; cf Cwmydw (Myddfai, Carms.), Tir Cl.vmychv als. Tir y Pinna 1 640 [ 1 99 1 D. B. James: 224]. Pensarn -(SN 3 73-475)(Ffostrasol)[pen + y + sam] ; [pen'sarn I. A. Griffith.s] Pensarn 1 747 BRA l\ASS in 1 964b 1\A.F...icJ:t..ards p. 3 88, Ffoestrasol OOS 1 8 1 1 , Ffos-drossol 1 826PR Llangynllo, Ffos-trasol OS1 834, Ffostrosol 1 83 5PR Troedrour, Pantycrychydd als. (sic) Forstrasol, Foes Lasol 1 84 1Tl\.1S, Pen�lan O S 1 891, Pensarn 'neu fel gelwir y lle yn awr' Ffo strasol c. l 900 V/Fl\.1 MS 1 520/1 , Pen..sarn OS 1 982 This place gave rise to Pentre Pensarn, the origill.al n.ame of the village of Ffostrasol (1 3 a) . It would seem that Ffostrasol was an alias of Pensarn. Pensteps -(SN 434-464) [pen + y + steps] ; [pen'steps l\1. Evans] a Phen�step, Plas y Binc (adj.) 1 970 K.Davies p. l 3 9, Plasybinc c. 1 970 \VFJ\1 }..1S 2 1 1 1 /7, Pensteps 1 979 D.W.Bundock pp. l 3 , 1 9 PENTRE-LLWYN -(SN 41 1 -425)[pentref + yr + llwyn] ; [pentre'!ujn, pentre'g :>rig E . Williaw.s] Esgair Cerdi.'l O S 1 891 , Pentrelhvyn OS1 982 This is a roadside village, which at its largest extent covers everything bet\veen Abernithan and Frongoch (1 4-a). There were two names for this ·village since at least the 1 920s (inf. E. Williams] . Its name has not been taken up by official authorities: "the village has spent the last 1 0 years mistakenly described as Gorrig Road", "villagers say the name was i.11 popular use until about 1 0 years ago", Dyfed County Council refused to pay for sigP.s at £1 50 + VAT, "The County Council claims t!-a.at Pentrelh:vyn does not appear in the postal directory, which is what it uses. " ( 1 992 C:N 20/03/92: 1 1 ] . Comprising: 1) Abemythar" 2 ) Dre-nev.ydd, 3 ) Frongoch, 4) Gw1on Castle, 5) Pantmonvynior" 6) Parcau, 7) Soar, 8) Windsor -

Hall.

PENTRE-WAlJN -(SN 465-4 1 3)[pentref + tn. Gwaun[ifor] ( 1 4 a)] ; [pentre'wejn J. Thomas] ill£ Comprising: 1) Glasfryn, 2) Gwaunmartin, 3) Lhvynmartin, 4) Tancapel. PentWr -(SN 453 -442)[pen + y + t"Wr] ; Pen-y-h�1r OS 1 89 1 , Pent\vr 1 924-26 CSRLS 36, Pentwr c. 1 970 \VFM l\.1S 2 1 1 1 /7 Penwac -(SN 409-41 9)[pen + y + wac] ; [pen'wa:k E. Williaro..s] -

Penyw-ac 1 84 l cens. , Pen-walk OS1 891 Penwalcau -(SN 4 1 7-407)[pen + y + ? ] ; Penwalcau 1 836PR Llandysul, Penwalk 1 932 John Francis .l\1S S vol 2 p. 96, Penwalcau 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 52, ym }..1henwa1cau 1 976 CER vo1. 8 p. 27 It is very difficult to decide whether the second term is a plural of wac 'drive, lane' or gwalcen 'terrace, bank, rise', the i.rritial and the form of 1 932 may favour wac. Penwalcen -(SN 424-468)(pen + y + gwalcen] ; Pen-walken OS 1 89 1 , Pen-waL�en OS 1 904, Penwalcen OS 1 982 Penwern -(SN 454-439)[pen + y + gwern] ; [pen'wern J. Thoro.as]

239

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Penywern 1 706 BRA_ ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 07, Penwern 1 790 BRA ( 1 95 5) :MSS p. 1 24, Penywem OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pen-y-wern O S 1 834, Pen Wern 1 84 1 TM --S, Pen-y-wern O S 1 891

Penwem-fach -(SN 452-434) [pen + y + gwern (+ bach)] ; Pen-waun-fach OS 1 891

Perthronnen -(SN 400-43 4)[perth + yr + or.nen] ; [per9'r:men E.

\1/illiams, N. Thomas]

Perthyronnen 1 789 Bronwydd MSS , Perthyronen 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Perthyronen als. Porthyronen 1 826 Bromvydd MSS , Perthronen (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 249, Perth y Ronnen, Berthyronen 1 84 1 T!\1__s , Perth-yr-onen O S 1 891 Part of Glyn (1 4-a), COIT'tnorJy called Cefen y Glyn [1 826 Bromvydd MSS]. Pistyll -(SN 41 8-409)[pistyll]; Pystill 1 83 1 PR LlandysuL Pistill 1 83 8 Cilg';vyn I MS 37, Pistyle 1 84 1 TM --S, Pistyll 1 96 1 H.REvans ..

fac.p. l 56 Formerly part of Gilfachwen (14-a) [1 838 Cilgwyn I MS 37] . Pistyllta.-;ym -(SN 452-432) [pistyll + twym] ; {pistrl-' tujm, later 6�'rest J. Thomas] Pystill [ ]yn 1 83 1 PR Llandysul, Pistyll-t{vym O S 1 89 1 , (c) Ffynnon Tvvym ? 1 924�26 CSRLS 36, The -

Rest OS 1 982

P!as-y-dderwen -(SN 41 3-402)[plas + y + derwen] ; Plas-y-ddenven O S 1 891

Plaslh�'Yd =(SN 450-41 2)[plas + llwyd] ; [pla:s'lojd J. Thornas] Place 1 742 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p. 1 1 1 , Gilfach Rowel als. Plas Llwyd 1 758rent, Place Lloyd 1 760rnap E.Bowen, Plas 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p.67, Plas Llwyd 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 25 , Plasllwyd 008 1 8 1 1 , Plas-llv.yd OS 1 834, Plas Llwyd 1 84 1 TMS, Plas-lh\'Yd O S 1 891

Pleasant View -(SN 4 1 7-41 4) [E. pleasant + view] ; [plesant'viW E. \Villi&'llS ] Pleasant View OS 1 904 Pompren-fach -(SN 405-446) [pompren + bach] ; [p::>mpren'va:x + vowr E. W1111ams, b::>mpren + b::>mpren 'va:z N. Thomas] Dregros (sic) 1 84 1 Tl\1S , Pontbren OS 1 89 1 , Pont-bren 1 970 K.Davies p. 37, Pontbren�fach O S 1 982 Pontfoel -(SN 450-423)[pont + tn. Foel (1 4-a)] ; [b:mt�'vo:l, then bod'wen::>g, now buem + mi·n�'rav:m J. Thmnas] Pont-y-foel l 823PR LlandysuL Pont-fol 1 826PR Llandysul, Pont-y-Foel O S 1 834, Bont OS 1 89 1 , (c) Pont y Foel OS 1 891 , Pontvoel l 96 1 H.R.Evans p. l 62

A Novello Jones from Llanwenog parish who came to live here named it Bocf>.venog [inf

J_ Thomas]; cf

Bodwenog (1 7-a). Pontllwni -(SN 47 1 -4 1 3)(pont + tn. [Llan]llwni (Carms.)] ; Pont L\\'11y, Pont Llw;;mi 1 84 1 TMS, Pont-lhvni OS 1 89 1 Cf

Pontlfwni (14-b).

[p;1nta:n }..1. Evans, p:mtta:n J.Davies] M_.S S p. 68, Penybont newydd 1 798 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p.70, Pen Pont nwidd 1 803rnap J. Si.'lger, PeP_.ybont O OS 1 8 1 1 , i Bont Shan c. 1 83 0 in 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 6, Pen y Bont 0 S l834, Penbont nev.ydd 1 84 1 Th1S , Penybontshani 1 8 5 1 in 1 961 H.REvans p . 1 64, Pontshaen Shop 1 874 in 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 6, Pont-shan OS 1 89 1 , Pont S ian 1 899 Cyrr.ru vol. l 6 p.34, Pen-bont >1 900 in 1 979 D.W.Bundock p . 6, Pont-sian c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p . 2 1 4, Pontshan 1 907 J.Evans p. 1 44, Pontsb.aen 0Sc. 1 950, Siop Penbont 1 95 8 WFM 1\lf --S 1 506/1 p. 50, Penbont Shop 1 979 D.W.Bundock p . 5 ,

PONTSIAN

-(SN 43 8-462) [pont + f pn. Sian];

Penpont newydd

1 791

BRA (1 955)

Pont-Sian OS 1 98 2 It has been suggested that this name was originally Pont-(t)siaen 'chain-bridge', and this may b e reflected

in the form Pontshaen of 1 874, however the variant Penybontshani (with Siani, an hypocoristic form of would seem proof positive tl>.at the name was composed with Sian. Comprising: 1) Blaenbwber, 2) Cletvvr Terrace., 3) Cletwr Villa, 4) Gwynfiyn, 5) Penste.ps, 6) P\:vll-y-geJetsb__, 7) Pwllgrafel, 8) Riverside, 9) Tangraig, 10) Ysgol Pontsian. Poorhouse -(SN 4 1 8-408)[E. poorhouse];

Sian)

The Poor House 1 773 sur w.ap, Poor House 1 83 8PR Llandysul, Poorhouse 1 84 l cens. , Llain Poorhouse 1 879

in 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. 5

This was destroyed when Lonleti (14-d) was widened

Porth

�(SN 4 1 8-407)[porth] ;

[ p;1re

E. Williams]

240

[inf R & n Lewis].

(14) GWYNIONYDD Tuy yn y Porth 1681 BRA {1 955) J\.1S S p. 1 05, Porth als. Ty yn y Porth 1 785 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p. l 23, Ty y Porth 1 79 1 PR LlandysuL Porth 1 8 1 3PR LlandysuL Porth ucha 1 83 5PR Llandysul, 'formerly called' Caebach, 'now' Porth ucha (NW of road) 1 845 R Evans MSS, Shop-y-Porth 1 879 i.11 1 961 H.REvans p. 1 78, 'Rhen B orth (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.249 Porthrhyd -(SN 426-469)[porth + y + rhyd] ; Porth 'r Iyd 1 834PR Llandysul, Porth-rhyd OS 1 89 1 , Porth-rhyd OS 1 982 PJlENGWYN -(SN 424-44l ) [pren + gwyn] ; [pren'gwm M. Evans, preg'gwm J. Dafls, N. Thomas] Prengwyn 1 83 1PR Llandysul, Preng¥l)T., Pengv.')'Il l 841 TMS, Pren-g\vyn OS1 891 The site of this place on a busy crossroads leads me to believe that Prengwyn means 'white (wooden) post' rather than 'white tree', cf PostgtA'}W (32�bX Prencroes Castell (22�b). Comprisi.'lg: 1) Blaenmenai, 2) Capel Pantdefaid, 3) Carmel, 3) Gwarcefail A'ms, 4) Pantsifft. Pwllcwarre -(SN 452-422)[pwll + y + cwarre] ; [kware, pn. dajkware J. Thow.as] Pwll Quarrey, Pwll y Quarry 1 823PR LlandysuL Pwll-y-cwarau OS 1 834, Quarry Cottage OS1 891 , Quarry Cottage O S 1 904 Pvillffein -(SN 424-467)[pwll + ffein]; [ poi fejn l\.1. Evans, Ll. Jones, N. Thomas, E. \Villimr..s] Pwllybowle als. Pwll-fine 1 758rent, Pwllfme 1 79 1 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p.68, Pwllffein 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) fac.p. l , Pwll-ff'm OS1 834, Pwll-Fi.11e, Pwll y Ffeine 1 84 1 TMS, P\xlllffein + Hendy Pwllffein 1 84 l cens., Pwl!ffein 1 844PR Llandysul, Gwar-cwm (sic) OS 1 891 , Pwll-Ffein (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p.248, Pwll-ffein OS 1 904, (c) Rhiw Pvtll-ffein 1 970 K.Davies p. 43 Pwll-y-geletsh -(SN 43 5-454)[pwll + y + gelaits] ; [poi�'gele (id.), now geraH M. Evans, geraH N. Thomas] Pwll y Geleach 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, P\vll y Gelech 1 8 1 9PR Llanwenog, Pwllgeletch 1 83 5PR LlandysuL Pwll-y-gelech OS 1 89 1 , Pwllygeletsh (dialect) 1 8 96 \V. J.Davies p. 245, Pwll y Gelets 1 970 K.Davies p. l 39, Pwllygelethsh c. 1 970 \VFI\1 MS 2 1 1 1/7, Pv.rllygeletch 1 979 D.\lf.Blh'ldock pp. l3, 1 9 Pwllgrafcl(i) -(SN 439-460)(Pontsian)[pwll + y + grafel] ; [poi'gravel N . Thomas, J\.1. Evans] Pwllgrafel >1 900 in 1 979 D.W.Bundock pp.6, 1 9 Two houses [inf. N. Thomas] . �.v!!grafel(ii) -(SN 433-446)(PrengvJYil) [pwll + y + grafel] ; Pwllygravel 1 8 1 7PR Llandysul, Pwllgravel 1 822PR Llandysul, (c) Gravel Pit OS 1 891 , Pwll-y-grafel O S 1 904 Part of Dre-newydd (1 4-a) [ 1 835 BRA. (1 955) MSS: 1 37] . Pyllau-bryn -(SN 45 5-458)[pyllau + yr + bryn] ; Pwll yr Bryn 1 790 BH.i\. ( 1 955) .I\1SS p. 1 24, Pwllybryn OOS 1 81 1 , Pyllau'r Bryn 1 8 1 7PR LlandysuL Pwlleyrbryn 1 824 BRA ( 1 955) :MSS p. 1 32, Pwllau-'r-bryn OS1 834, Pwlle Bryn, Pwllerbrfil 1 84 1 TJ\.1S, Pyllau'r-bryn O S 1 89 1 , Pylle'r Bryn (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 272 Pyrlip -(SN 396-460)[ ? ] ; [p�rhp E. Williams, b�rdhp N. Thomas] Birdlip Hill 1 769 Davies-Eva..'1S l\1SS, Purlip OOS 1 8 1 1 , Burlip 1 8 1 9 BP,..,..i ( 1 955) 1\.1SS p. l 3 1 , Birdlip OS 1 834, Birdlip 1 833PR Llandysul, Badlip, Bird Lip 1 84 1 Th1S, Y Perlyp 1 869 B.\VillialT'..s p. 77, Birdlip Hill Farm OS 1 89 1 , Purlip > 1 945 T.J.Thomas p.47 The name Birdlip Hill referred to a long steep hill to the SE of Gloucester, on one of the principal routes of Welsh cattle drovers heading for London [ 1 976a R. J. r-.1oor�Colyer: 1 07] (for the etymology of Birdlip, see ODEPN p. 44). However, the element is so common in Cardiganshire toponymy - viz Pyrlip (1 9�a) earlier Pantbyrlip, Penpyrlip (8-a), Gwaunbyrlip (54-a) - and seemingly in use as a conunon-noun that we are justified in doubting \vhether the Gloucestershire name was the originator of this place-name. The best eryrnology for pyrlip I can offer is a loan from E. bearleap 'carrying basket' [OED s.v. bearleap] , the second element of the English word was leap, which was borrowed t.h..rough an English dialect form lip [GPC s.v. lip] into Cardiganshire Welsh as lip 'basket'. The term hadlip 'seed basket' was in use in C\\lffigwaun (Pembs.) [ 1910 w. M. Morris: 159] . However, the significance of the meaning 'basket' in toponymy is unclear. Pyr!ip Bungalow -(SN 395-459)[tn. Pyrlip (14�a) + E. bungalow] ; Birdlip Bungalov.r OS 1 982 Rampin -(SN 4 5 1 -424)[E. rampant]; [rampm, rampant'lej:m J. Thow.as] Rampant Lion 1 84 1 Tl\1S, Lion :Rampant 1 88 1 John Francis 1\.1S S vo1.2 p. 1 53 It is likely that rampant was understood as rmnping; a si.T.ilar r.amed ir'l in Cilgerran (Pembs.) was also termed rampm [inf. ], and seems to have alluded to the coat-of-arms of the Lloyd family of Coedmor (3-a) wbich included a lion rampant. '

..

......

24 1

( 14) GWYNIONYDD Rhhlrfelen -(SN 456-41 1 )[r_hiw + melen] ; [hrnv, (c) hriW'velen J. Thmr.as] Rhiw-felen OS 1 89 1 Rhiw!ug -(SN 402-448) [rhiw + llug] ; [hriW'li:g E. \Villiams] Rhiw Lygg 1 564rent, Y R_._lllw Lug 1 6 5 lrent, Rhiv.r Luc 1 764-65 in 1 946 T.Beynon p. 1 66, Rh_._._iw Luc 1 793PR Llandysul, Rhiw Lug 1 804PR LlandysuL Rhiwhg 1 806PR LlandysuL Rhiwhg OOS 1 81 1 , Rhywlug 1 822PR Llangynllo, Rhiw Lyg 1 83 5PR Llandysul, Rhiwlug, _Rhiwlog 1 841 TMS, Rhiwlug OS 1 891, F.}!iw Lug (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Williams p.245, Rhiwlig > 1 945 T.J.Thomas p. 84 T:Pis rnay be compared to t._�e hill p_.am_ed lv!oel Rlzfw,�fug (SH 88-56, Hiraethog, Denbs.). The word may be the noun llyg 'shrew, field-mouse', but the lack of definite article after rhiw (it is sho\vn before rhiw in the 1 65 1 form) rnake it likelier t:P.at we have an adjective, w:P.ich could be !lug 'light, gleami11g', also found in the name Llugfynydd (SJ 07-54, Clocaenog, Dcnbs.), Lluc Vynit [c . 1 250 BBC: 83]. Rhostafam -(SN 4 1 3-426)[rhos + y + tafarn] ; Rhos Dauern 1 65 l rent, Rhos Davarn 1 760CF, Rhosdafarn 1 795PR LlandysuL Rhostafern OOS 1 8 1 1 , R.�os-tafarn OS 1 834, Rhos Taveme 1 833 S.Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p.524, R.�osdafarn 1 84 1 TMS, Rhos­ dafarn OS 1 89 1 Rhyd -(SN 41 0-473) [rhyd]; F�hyd[ ]ryn-uwch ? 1 83 8PR Llandysul, Rhyd 1 84 1 TMS Rhydceir-fach -(SN 453 -41 9)[rhyd + y + ceir (+ bach)]; Rhyd-ceir-ffi.ch 081 834, R.�yd-cair-±ach OS 1 89 1 Rhydceir-fawr -(SN 454-41 9)[rhyd + y + ceir (+ mawr)] ; [hri·d�'kejr J. Thomas] Rhyd y Ceir 1 826PR LlandysuL R.hyd-y-ceir OS 1 834, F�hydceir 1 83 1 PR Llandysul, Rhydceir 1 841 TMS, P.:.�yd-cair-fa\vr OS 1 891, Rhyd-y-ceir OS 1 904, R.�yd-y-ceir O S 1 982 Rhyd Coedfoe! -(SN 428-434){rhyd + tn. Coedfoel (l4�a)]; [hri:d,ko:d'vo:l N. Thomas] Rhyd-coed-foel 1 84 1 TMS, Rhyd-coed-foel OS 1 89 1 Rbydcynydd -(SN 472-445)[rhyd + y + cynydd ? ] ; Rhydcunnith 1 706 BRA (1 955) 1v1S S p. l 07, R.�yd Cunnid 1 742 BRA (1 955) l\1S S p . l l l , Rhydycynnid 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) l\1SS p. l l 3, Rhyd y Cynnyth 1 773 BRA ( 1 955) l\1SS p. l l 6, Rhyd y Cynidd 1 790 BRA (1 955) :MSS p. l 25, Rhydycynydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd=cynydd OS 1 834, Rhyd y Cynn�1 1 833PR Llandysul, Rhyd Cynyo 1 836PR Llandysul, R.l-tyd-y-gyrtidd 1 841TMS, Rhyd-cynydd OS 1 89 1 , R.l-tyd-y-cynyd (Cynbyd) 1 924-26 CSRLS 45, Rhydycynydd 0Sc. 1 950 The foriP.s with final [-d] are likely to be a secondary development to those with PJ'.al [-�], cf cyntedd, gweirglodd ·� cynted, glA.!eirglod. Rhydfenai -(SN 43 5A47)[rhyd + hn. �Aenai] ; [hri:d'vene 1\1. Evans, N. Thorr.as] R.hydfene 1 796PR Llandysul, Rhydyfene 1 8 1 6PR Llandysul, Baili bach OS 1 834, Baily bach, R.�ydyfene als. Baily bach 1 841 Th1S, Rhyd-y-feP.ai OS 1 891, Beilibach, 'old name' RhydfeP.ai 1 899 D.E.Jones p.95, R.�yd-y-fene OS 1 904, Rhydfene OS 1 982 See Beili-bach (14�a). Rhydfodrwy -(SN 471 -452)[rhyd + y + modrwy] ; Tir-rhyd-y-vydnvydd 1 624 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston & J.Davies xv� Tir RhydY'.vydnvydd 1 624 in 1 9 1 3 L.E.Ll. Theakston xvi� Rhydyfudnvydd 008 1 8 1 1 , R.�yd-y-fudredd OS 1 834, Rhydyfodrwy 1 83 1PR Llanwenog, RhydP;drv.')'dd, Rhyd-\')'drwydd 1 84 1 TIAS, Rhydyf';drv.')'dd 1 846 l\1.Pjchardson l\1SS p.268, R.l-tyd-y-fyrwydd (sic) OS 1 89 1 , Rhyd-y-fodrwy OS 1 904, R..l-tydyfodrwy 0Sc. l 950, Rhydyfodnvydd OS1 982 The fmal [-6] is added due to hypercorrection; modr.tydd � modnty (Lla..1.dysul) [ 1 8% w_ J. Davies: 242], £S'k�vruj.� -f-- cyjrwy, £S"m�druj.� � modrwy (Cei-ne\V'Jdd) [ 1 934a J J GL Davies: 667, 7 1 6] , see sub Llainc;jrwy (8-a); cf.trL Gwernmac-wy (Llanfihangel-ar-arth, Canns.), Gwern y !vfaccwy [ l 8thcent. RepvVMSS: 1 .2.941], Gwar­ macwydd [081 834], Warma�ty (dialect) [1 896 W_ l Davies: 23 1 ] , TVemmackwith [08 1982]. M. Richards [1963: 214] assumed that mordmvyd was popular etymology, but budredd which he tentatively assigns to this name is clearly not the original. Rhydga!ed -(SN 433 -462)[rhyd + cale d] ; [hri:d'ga!ed l\1. Evans] Rhyd-galed OS 1 891 Rhydgaradog -(SN 47 1 -41 6)[rhyd + pn Caradog];

242

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tyr Rhyd Gradock 1 749

C\vrt-ma'V\T

MSS , Rhydgaradog OOS 1 8 1 1 , R.�yd Caradoc 1 820PR Llandysul,

Rhyd-garadog OS 1 834, Rhyd Caradog 1 833PR Llanwenog, R.hydcaradog 1 84 1 11\lf_.S, Rhyd-caradog OS1 891

Rbydgeiron -(SN 459-450) [rhyd + b.n Rhydgeyron OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Ceiron];

Rhydygoeron

1 8 1 4PR Llam.venog,

P...hyd-geyron OS 1 834, Rhyd-y-geyron

OS1 891

Rhydnis -(SN 472-480)[rhyd + ? ]; [hri:d'ni:s

E. Evans]

Rhyd-ynys O S 1 89 1 , R..IJ.ydnis OS 1 904, Rhydnts 1 928 CAST vol. 6 p.46

L.11 the 0\Xf. tn. Villa Nis Nis enable us to decide

This is !L.lcely to contain the sa..tne element - perhaps a personal-name - as is found

[(c.743)c. l l40 LL:

1 86] . Neither the present place-name's realisation, nor the OW.

whether the form should be written nis or nys. Rhydsais -(SN 443-500) [rhyd + y + sais] ; [hri:d'sajs Ll. Jones, N. Thomas] Tythyn Rhyd y Sais 1 690 BRA ( 1 95 5) l\tf�S p . 1 06, Tythin FLIJ.yd

Sais 1 73 6 BF�.I\ ( 1 955)

1V!SS

p. l l O,

Rhydsais O OS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd-Sais O S 1 834, R..�yd-y-Sais 1 84 1 Th1S, R..lJyd-Sais O S 1 89 1

Rbydychen ( S N 446-41 9)[tn. -

Rhydychen (Oxon.)?]; [Cc) ka· ,nd'Ix;en S .

\Villiams]

Rhydyrhen 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Rhld-ychen 1 825PR Llandysul

(E. Oxford) or is a..11 independent name. If Rhydychen is an independent ychen bannog, who were held responsible for 'superhuman' feats, t.lJere rnay be some co�11ection with the rocks of Cerryghyllod (14-b) some 3 50m to SES, cf Llechrochain (8-a), Cl-tys-yr-ychenbannog (33-b), Nant- Tegryd (14-a), RHYDYWALN ( S N 443-452)[tn. R..hydywain[-fawr] (1 4-a)] ; [hri:d'owen M Eva!l..s, N. Thomas, hri:d'IWen E. \Villia:rns, (c) skwa:r,hri:d 'owen N. Thomas] Pen Pont Rhyd Owen 1 573 Cilgwyn I J\1S S , Penpont Rhyd Owen 1 7 1 8/1 9 D. T.M Jones J\ASS vol.4 This is either named after Rhydychen

name it may have some connection with the mythical

-

p. 764, (vill) Rhydowen 1 803 B.H.Ma11cin p. 395 , Rhyd Owain 1 808 S . RJ\.1eyrick p. l 9 1 , Rhydowen OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhydowen Village 1 81 3PR Llandysul, R.hydychain (sic) als. Alltyrodin 1 83 5PR Llangynllo, Rhyd-owain O S 1 8 9 1 , Rhyd\ven (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.23 1

Comprisi..11g: 1 ) Amant, 2) Bert.!Ilas, 3) Capel-ne\V'jdd Lhvyn R.l-tydywa:in, 4) Dre-ne>.vydd, 5) Ff\JllilOn)"Nain, 6) Gelli-our, 7) Glanrafon, 8) Greenpark, 9) Henfron, 1 0) Hen-gapel Llwyn Rhydywain, 1 1 ) New Inn, 1 2) Niwgat, 1 3) Stryt Gelli-gron, 14) The

Tannery. Rbydywain-fach -(SN 438-449)[rhyd + pn. Ywain (+ bach)] ; [hri·d.�wen'va:x, J\!L Thomas, hri·d ,nven'va: x E. \Villiams]

Evans,

hri·dowen 'va::x, N.

R.h.yd Owen-fach 1 84 1 TMS, Rhyd-Owen-fiich O S 1 891

Rhydywain-fawr -(SN 43 5-452)[rhyd + pn. Ywain (+ mawr)] ; [hri·d 'IWen E. Williams] Ryt Ywein > 1 27 1 ( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Ryde Owen 1 577 in 1 954 E. A.Lewis & J. C.Davies p . 23 3 , Tyr Rhyd Ov.ren vawr 1 672 BRA ( 1 955) 11SS p. l 03, Rhydowen vawr 1 706 BP...A (1 955) MSS p. l 07, Rhyd Owen 1 7 1 8/ 1 9 D. T.l\1. Jones �AS S volA p. 764, R.lJeed Owen 1 760map E.Bowen, Tir R..ltyd Owen 1 790 BR.A ( 1 9 5 5) MSS p. 1 25 , F_hyd Owen 1 79 1 PR Llandysul, Rhydowen F.m (sic) OOS 1 8 1 1 , Rhyd Ov•Jen O S 1 8 3 4, Rhyd-Owen-fawr O S 1 89 1

Riverside -(SN 436-463)[E.

river + side] ;

[riV�r'sajd J\1.

Evans,

nv�r'sejd N.

Thomas]

Thoro..as, f pn.

raife!r�k RJones]

Riverside O S 1 982

Roc(i) -(SN 404-45 l )(CW111.hyar)[E.

rock] �

[r�k E.

Williams,

N.

Rock Mill OS 1 8 9 1

Roc(ii) -(SN 450-422)(Capeldewi)[E. rock]; [r:>k'mrlz S . \Villiams, J . Thomas, pn. da}r:>k J . Thomas] Rock Mills O S 1 904

Est. l 859 [1984 J. G. Jenkins: 1 37] ; not to be conH1sed with Melin Graig (SN 42-40, Llanfi.hangcl-ar-arU..., Carms.). Rosehill -(SN 425-453)[E. rose + hill] ; [ ro:s rl N. Thomas, r;ls'hii E. \Villiams] '

Rosehill OS 1 891 Inspired, no doubt, by Rhos-hul (3-a). Saint Ffraid -(SN 406-448)[£. saint + W.f.pn. Ffraid]; St. Ffraid's Ch. (Chapel of Ease) O S 1 8 9 1 , Eghvys 'St

Fraid' 1 95 8

WFM MS 1 506/1 p. 1 5, Eghvys Sant

Ffraed 1 970 K.Davies p .28, St. Ffraed 1 98 1 Garthen n.7, Ch OS 1 982 b. 1 85 8 [c. l 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu.rner: 214] ; for the cor1secration of this church under the name of Ffraid, Llanfre (14-a). Saint John -(SN 439-470)[E. saint + pn Joh_rl ] ; [eglus,sant'joan, we say sent'd:pn M Evans]

243

see sub

( 14) GWYNIONYDD St. John's Church (Chapel of Ease) OS 1 89 1 , Capel St. John 1 896 \1/.H.Davies p. 1 42, Egh:vys Sant Joh11 1 979 D.W.Bu..11dock p.20, Eglwys St. Jolm 1 970s ATL !l_ c. P.432, Church OS 1 982 b. 1 853-55 [c. 1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Turner: 2 1 4; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 20; 1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 41 ] . Sandyhill -( SN 4 5 1 -424)[E. sandy + }-lil!] ; [br�nsWik ('h;lws) J. Thomas] Sandy Hill OS 1 904 Seion -(SN 41 6-406)[Bibl.tn. Zion] ; Zion Cb.apel (Independent) OS 1 89 1 , Llandyssul (Sion) c. 1 902 E.RHorsfall-Turner p. 279, Seion 1 9 1 2 Cymru vol. 42 p. 309, Chapel OS 1 982 b. 1 87 1 [c.1 902 E. R. Horsfall-Tu.tner: 279] ; denom. I. Soar - (S N 4 1 1 -427)[Bibl.tn. Zoar]; [soar E. \llilliams] Soar 1 823PR Llandysu1, Felin Gorig (Com) OS 1 89 1 "Colej wedi bod 'na. " [inf. E . Williams], the usual meaning o f cole} being a school of some sort i n the early modem period. Str$1 Gellt-gron -(SN 442-459) [str)'t + tn. Gelli-gron] ; Street Gelli�gron OS 1 904, Heol Gelligron OS 1 982 This appears to show the replacement of E. street by W. heol, however it is obvious that this name originally had W. strj;t 'row of houses', and it is situated on the lane leading to �Moelhedog ( 14-a). Sychban.t -( SN 406-428){sych + pant] ; [s 1 945 T.J. Thow.as p. 1 0, Tafarn bach als. Tafarn Bara Cyrch 1 958 WFM M..S 1 506/1 p. 40, PH OS 1 982, 'became lm.own as' Tafan y Bara Ceirch 1 988 Garthen n. 67 i) SN 44-48. prox. Castellhywel rnilkstand [ 1 979 D. \V. Bu.."'ldock: . 3 5] . ii) SN 440-484. b. l 870s [ 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 35 ] . This was an inn were two sisters gave an illegal pint of beer with each loaf of oat-bread, a purch.asiP..g system intended to avoid the licensing laws of the period, i. e. selling oat-bread for the price of a pint of beer [ 1 958 WF1v1 J\..1S 1 506/1 : 40; 1 977 I. Rees: 1 08; 1 979 D. W. Bundock: 35; iP..f. M. Evans] . There ·was another Tafarnbara-ceirch (SH 89-71 , Lla..'lfair Talhaearn, Denbs.) whose name most probably has the same origin; cf Gwaunbara-ceirch (32-b). Taliaris -(SN 452-423)[tn. Taliaris (Llandeilo-fawr, Carms.)]; [tali'ans J. Thomas] Taliaris ? 1 84 1 PR LlandysuL Taliharris O S 1 904, (c) R.lllw Tali Haris 1 924-26 CS.RLS 62 The original mansion of Taliaris (Llandeilo-fmvr, Carms.), Taleyares [c.l 350(1 933)map W.Rees ], Talliaris [ 1649 BRA (1 955) MSS: 3 8] , Taliams [l 8thcent. Rep\VMSS: 1 .2 .941 ], may be a hybrid English-Vlelsh place-name containing the nearby tn. Talley - an anglicisation of V.I. Tal-llychau (Carms.) - and the English surname Harris. A seventeenth-century document [1649 BRA (1 955) MSS: 38] shows a con..�ection between Rowland G\V)ll111 of Taliaris and David Lloyd ofA lltrodyn (1 4-a) and so it may be that this has something to do with the presence of Taliaris in Llandysul parish. Tam·allt -(SN 43 8-470)[tan + yr + al!t] ; Y Ddol Dan yr i\llt 1 7 1 6 BH..A. ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 46, Danrallt fa"vr 1 760CF, Danyrallt 1 768 BRi\. ( 1 955) 1.1SS p.60, Dan yr Alit als. Dol Danyrallt 1 768 BRA ( 1 95 5) 1.1SS p.6 1 , Dan'rallt 1 800PR Llandysul, Danyrallt OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tan'r Allt 1 823PR LlandysuL Dan'rallt OS 1 834, Ty Tan yr Allt favfl 1 869 B. Williams p. 1 42, Tynewydd-Danyrallt-fawr 1 9 1 0 ME.Morgan p.20 Part of the messuage of Penra!lt (1 4-a) [ 1 7 1 6 BR-'\ ( 1 955) :t-l!SS: 46] . Tan-y-brinc - (SN 43 9-471)[tan + y + brine] ; Danybrh.�c 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. l 9, Ysgoldy Sant John ? 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 48, C�r-y-llan 081 982 244

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Tancapel

�(SN 465-4 1 3) [tan + y + capel];

J. Thomas]

[tan'kapel

Dan y Cape� Dan Capel 1 84 1 TM�, Tan-capel OS 1 89 1

Tancoed

-(SN 440-406)(Do1for)[tan + y + coed];

Dancerrig

[tau'ko:d

S. \Villiams]

1 822PR LlandysuL Dan-y-cerig OS 1 834, Dancerrig 1 822PR LlandysuL Dancoed-bach

1 84 1 TMS, Dancoed, Dancerrig 1 846 M.Richardson MSS p.268, Tan-coed-rach OS 1 89 1 , Tanc.arreg > 1 900 in 1 96 1

Tancoed-bacb

H.R Evans p. l 59

-(SN 4 1 8-445)(Prengvvyn) [tan + y + coed (+ bach)] ;

[taiJk:>d'va:x E.

\Villiams]

Dan y Coed bach 1 796PR Llandysul, Danycoed 008 1 8 1 1 , Dan-y-coed-fach 0 8 1 834, Dancoed 1 84 1 TMS , Tan�y-coed O S 1 891 Tancoed-mawr -(SN 423-41 9) [�11 + y + coed (+ mawr)] ; [tagkod'mowr J. Tan y Coed 1 783 11 Richardson M:S S p.26 1 , M.Richardson l\AS S p. 262, Danycoed

rnav.'f

Tan y Coed

Thomas] 1 803rnap J. Singer, Danycoed 1 804

1 8 1 5PR Llandysul, Tancoed mawr 1 83 1 PR LlandysuL

Dancoed 1 84 1 TMS, Dancoed 1 84 1 PR LlandysuL Tainycoed ? 1 875sur. landowners p. 5, Dan-coed-ma'vvr OS 1 89 1 , Tancoed-y-mynach ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 7, (c) Cware Dan-y-coed (prox. ) 1 944 T.J. Thornas p. 52

Tandderi -(SN 455-428)[tan + y + deri] ; [tan'�eri J.

Thomas]

Tandderi OS 1 904 b. 1 891-1 904 [081 89 1 ; 081 904]. Tanerdy -(SN 407-446)[tanerdy] ; [tm'ardi, tan'ardi E.

Williams]

Tannerdy 1 84 1 TMS, Tanerdy 1 84 1 cens . , PO O S 1 982

Ta..•dTordd

-(SN 43 8-469)[tan + y + ffordd];

Tanyfforo 1 83 1PR Llandysul, Tanfforo 1 83 1PR Llandysul, Tan-ffordd OS 1 89 1

Tanffynnon

-(SN

446-454)[tan + y + ffynnon] ;

Tan-y-ffynnon O S 1 904, DanflYnon ? 1 96 1

H.REvar1s p. 1 63 , Blaenwaun 1 979 D.W. Bu.11dock p . 9,

Tanffyno n n OS 1 982

Tanfron -(SN 453-43 1 ) [tan + y + bron] ; [tan'vr�n J.

Thomas]

Tan-fron OS 1 89 1 , Tanyfron O S 1 982

Tangoulan

-(SN 458-467) [tan + y + ceulan] ;

Dan-goilan OS 1 891

Ta.."lgraig -(SN 435-463){tan + y + craig] ; [tan'grajg �..1.

Evans]

Dan-y-graig 1 783 M.Richardson MSS p . 26 1 , Tynygraig OOS 1 8 1 1 , Tangraig (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 269, Tan-y-graig OS 1 904, Tangraig 1 979 D. W.Bundock p. 1 9, Tanycraig OS 1 982

The Tannery -(SN 442-457)[E.

the + tannery] ;

The Tannery OS 1 982

Tan rhiw(i) -(SN 449-4 1 8)(Capeldewi)[tan + y + rhiw] ; [tan'hrrw J. Thomas] Tan-rhiw O S 1 89 1

Tanrhiw(ii)

-(SN 439-478)(Ponts:ian){tan + y + rhiw] ;

Tan.-rhiw O S 1 89 1 Tegfryn -(SN 442-490){teg + bryn] ; Tegfryn OS 1 98 2

Tirdre -(SN 4 1 8-406)[tir + y + tref]; Tj'fydre 1 700 Cilgwyn I MSS,

'mess. ' Gilvach ¥/en ycha als. Tyr y Dre 1 723 Cilgv.'Yn

als. The To'Wn Land 1 73 6 Cilgvv)TI

I �ASS, Tyr y Dree I MS S, Tyrydre 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) l\1S S p. l l 2, Tir y Dre als.

Gilvachwen (sic) 1 748/49 CilgW';n

I MSS, Tyr y Dre als. Tyr Park Llandussil 1 785 MRicb.ardson M�S I MS 37, T)'fdre 1 84 1 cens . , Tir y Dref 1 84 1 Th1S, Ty'r Dre 1 96 1 H.REvans p. l 60, Tyrdref OS 1 : 5,000 map A clergyman lived here [ 1 84lcens.] ; formerly part of Gilfachwen (1 4-a) [ 1 838 Cilgwyn I M8 37] ; cf. Tyr-dref [ 1 832 in 1773sur map], W of Nev.rcastle EtrJyn (Ca.'lsll .). Tomen Rhydywain -(SN 442-444)[tomen + tn. F�hydyv-.rain ( 1 4-a )] ; [briJJ'kletur, formerly d�men N. Thomas] p. 457, Ty-r-dre 1 834PR Tir y Dre 1 83 8PR Tyr y Dre als. Gilfachwen ganol 1 83 8 Cilg\\'Yn

Torrunen Rhydov1en 1 790 BRA ( 1 955) M�S p. 67, Domen R.IJ.ydowen 1 824 D. Davis p.206, Tornen R..IJ.ydowen 1 826PR Llandysul, Tornen-R..lJ.yd-Owen O S 1 834, Ton1men R.l-tyd Owen, DoiP..men Rhydower 1 84 1 TI.1S, Tomen-Rhyd-Owen OS 1 89 1 , Tomen-Rhyd-Owen OS 1 904, Brynclettwr 0Sc. 1 950 Cf

Tomen Rhydywain (14-b). Trefin -(SN 404-420)[tn. Trefm (Pembs.)] ; Trefin OS 1 982

245

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD TREGROES -(SN 407-446)[tref + yr + croes] ; [tre:'gro:s

J. Dafis, 0. Rees]

Trer Groes ar Gerdin 1 564rent, Tre Grose 1 760map E.Bowen, Tregroes 1 794PR Llandysul, Tregroes l Singer,

1 803map

Tregroes

OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Tre-groes

OS 1 834,

Tregroes

Shop

1 84 1 TMS,

Dregros

1 84 1 cens. , Tre-groes O S 1 89 1 , Tre Gros (dialect) 1 896 W. J.Davies p . 249, i Dregros, Tregros > 1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 84, Pentre Croes ? >1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 96 Comprising:

Trewinsor

1) Arhosfa, 2) Efail, 3) Melin Tregroes, 4) Saint Ffraid, 5) Tanerdy, 6) Ysgol Tregroes.

-(SN 409-420) [tn. Trewinsor (3-a)] ; [tre'wmsor E. Williams]

Trewinsor

1 8 1 1PR LlandysuL Trewindsor 1 83 6PR LlandysuL Tre Winsor, Drewinsor 1 84 1 TMS,

Trewyn-sior OS 1 89 1 , Tre-win-shor OS 1 904, Trewindsor O S 1 982 It is the balance of probabilities that seems to ascribe this name to emulation of Trewinsor in Llangoedmor

- though there is no proof, direct or indirect, of a connection.

Troedrhiw(i)

-(SN 3 88-46 l )( Cwmhyar)[troed + y + rhiw] ;

[tr;,d'riW E.

Williams, N. Thomas]

Troed-y-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troedrhiw Cwm-hyar O S 1 982

Troedrhiw(ii)

-(SN 3 77-483 )(Ffostrasol)[troed + y + rhiw] ;

[trod' hriW I.

A. Griffiths]

Troed-y-rhiw O S 1 8 9 1 Destroyed when road was widened

Troedrhiw(iii)

[ 1 978 M. Jones: 23 ] .

-(SN 404-427)(Gorrig)[troed + y + rhiw]; [ s wig u ? E. Williams]

Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Swigw 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6

Troedrhiw(iv)

-(SN 420-4 1 5) (Faerdre) [troed + y + rhiw] ;

[tr;,d'hriW J .

Thomas]

Troedrhiw ? 1 8 1 9PR LlandysuL Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1

Troedrhiwfelen

- (SN 455-404)[troed + y + rhiw + melen];

[tr;,d'hriW J .

Thomas]

Troed-rhiw-felen + Troed-rhiw OS 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw O S 1 904

Troedrhiwffenyd

-(SN 409-425)[troed + rhiw + ? ];

[tr;,jdnw'femd, tru'femd E.

Williams]

Rhiw Ffenyd 1 5 64rent, Rhiw Ffenitt 1 6 5 1 rent, Troedrhiwffenyd, Troedrhwffenyd 1 72 5 Aberglasney MS I l l , TroedrhiwffYnyd 1 73 8 Croydon MS S, Troedrhiwfenid 1 760CF, Troedrhiwffenid 1 782 Aberglasney MS 1 1 7, Troedyrhiwfenyd 1 78 6 Aberglasney MS 1 3 0, Troed Rhiw Ffenyd 1 803map J. S inger, Troedrhyw Fennid 1 808 S .RMeyrick p. 200, Troedyrhiwffynyth OOS 1 8 1 1 , Troed-rhiw-ffYned O S 1 834, Troed Rhiw Ffenydd, Troed Rhiwffenyd 1 84 1 TMS , Troed-rhiw-fynydd (sic) O S 1 89 1 , Troed-rhiw-ffenyd OS 1 904

I jjitnyd 'manner, form\ though the burden of its [e] in the penultimate syllable could be a later dialectal development, cf merddyn � murddyn, pns. Elltud � Ulltud, Cerig � Curig etc. The stem inffynidwydd 'fir', a word attested as early as the thirteenth century [GPC s.v. ffYnidwydd] , is unlikely to be a suitable candidate, firstly, as there is no other attestation of it uncompounded, without the suffiX -wydd 'tree', secondly because the only attestations ofjjjmidwydd are in ancient Welsh poetry originating from northern England and southern Scotland, where frr was relatively common ( 1 982b w. Linnard: 8-9]. Troedrhiwgoch -(SN 447-422)[troed + y + rhiw + coch] ; [tr;,jdriW'go:z S. Williams, tr;,jdru'go:z, (c) hriW'go:x J. Thomas) inf Troedrhiwhatau -(SN 429-420)[troed + rhiw (+ yr + hatiau)] ; This place-name probably contains the term jjitnud meaning

in

Troedrhiw

this place-name is unclear. The

Rhattau

1 8 1 8PR

LlandysuL

Troed-y-rhiw

O S 1 89 1 ,

W. J.Davies p.238, Troedrhiw Mattau 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6, Troedrhiwhate c. 1 970 WFM MS 2 1 1 1 /7 I believe that hatau 'hats' refers to hatmakers residing here, Troedrhiw-newydd -(SN 4 1 8-4 1 3 ) [troed + y + rhiw + newydd] ;

cf

(c)

Troedrhywrhatte

(dialect)

1 896

Rhiw-hatau 1 924-26 CSRLS 62,

Penrhiwpinnau (14-a).

Troed-rhiw-newydd OS 1 89 1 The term

rhiw-newydd

may well be a reference to the new descent, seemingly contro lied by a turnpike­

trust, engineered to avoid the o lder descent to Llandysul via Llynjran

Ty'rardd

-(SN 447-444)[ty

+ yr + gardd] ; [ti'rar5

(14-a).

J. Thomas]

Garden Cottage OS 1 982

Ty-bad

-( SN 41 8 -407)[ty + yr + bad] ; Tir y Kai ?? 1 573 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 79, Ty'r Bad 1 868 B.Williams p. 268, Tyrbach ? 1 932 John Francis MSS vol. 2 p. 96, Ty'rbad 1 96 1 H.REvans p. l 52, Ty-bad Gardens OS 1 : 5,000 map

Ty-cwm -(SN 473-444)[tY + yr + cwm]; Ty-cwm O S 1 8 9 1

246

( 14) GWYNIONYDD Ty-dderwen -(SN 456-409) [ty + yr + derwen] ; [ti'6erwen

J. Thomas]

Ty-dderwen OS 1 89 1

Tydu

- (SN 447-4 1 7) [ty + du] ; Y Tu Du 1 6 8 1 BRA ( 1 95 5) MSS p. 1 03 , Ty Dee 1 70 6 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p . 1 07, Twy Dy 1 742 BRA ( 1 955) MS S p. l l 1 , Ty Du 1 747 BRA ( 1 95 5) MS S p. 1 1 3 , Tu Du 1 758rent, Ty Du 1 803 map J. Singer, Tyddu 008 1 8 1 1 , Tydy 1 826 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 34, Ty-du OS 1 834, Tydu 1 83 4PR Llandysul, Llwybr Tydi, Tydi

(? Ty-du)

(c)

1 924-26 CSRL8 62

The uncertainty of the meaning was noted by the then headmaster of Ysgol

Capeldewi (14-a): "I think this [1 924-26 CSRLS 62] . The existence of similar compounding of ry + du may be attested in Cwmtydu (1 8-a) and Cwmtydu (OS map form) (SO 02-36, Merthyrcynog, Brees.), though the pronunciation kmn't;}di [inf I. Williams, Carrog-isa] for Cwmtydi (SJ 1 5-44, Llandysilio, Denbs.), seems to argue against du being the second element. Compounding of names with ry as the first element is rare enough - e.g. ? Tyglyn (43/44-a), Glanrhyd Tynoeth (71-a) - for the appearance of

should be Ty-du as it leads to an old ruined cottage. "

three such places to raise doubts, without further accounting for the lack of a complementary number of

*Cwmtygwyn or *Cwmtycoch. Ty-nant - (SN 45 1 -42 1 )[tyddyn + y + nant] ; [ti'nant J.

Thomas]

Ty-nant OS 1 89 1

Ty-newydd(i)

-(SN 4 1 9-454)(Maesmeillion)[ty + newydd];

[tegvan E.

Williams]

Ty-newydd 08 1 89 1 , Tegfan O S 1 982

Ty-newydd(ii)

-(SN 454-4 1 8)(Rhydceir)[ty + newydd];

[ brm'dewi + brm'hed.16 J.

Thomas]

Ty-newydd O S 1 891 , Bryndewi (sign) b. 1 876 [sign] . Ty-newydd-bach -(SN 3 84-446)[ty + newydd] ; [ti: ,newi'ba:z E.

Williams]

Ty-newydd-ooch O S 1 89 1

Ty-newydd Cros-lan

-(SN 3 8 5 -446)[ty + newydd + tn. Cros-lan

(1 3-a)]; [ti'neWIO N . Thomas, ti: ,new16,kr;,s'lan

E. Williams] Ty-newydd OS 1 89 1

Ty-newydd Gorrig -(SN 409-428)[ty + newydd + tn.

Gorrig

(14-a)] ; [ti:,newi()'Q :lriQ E. Williams]

Ty-newydd O S 1 89 1 , Ty newy (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p. 249

Ty-rhos

-(8N 409-483)[cy + yr + rhos] ; Ty-rhos 08 1 891

Tysul Castle -(SN 4 1 4-403) [tn. [Llan]dysul (14-a) + E.

castle] ;

Dyssil Castle 1 8 1 9PR Llandysul, Dissil Castle 1 82 1 PR Llandysul, Tyssil Castle, Dyssil Castle 1 84 1 TMS , Tyssul Castle 1 879 John Francis MSS vol.2 p.2, Tyssil Castle 08 1 89 1 , Tyssul Castle OS 1 904 A shopkeeper lived here

Vestry -(SN 44 1 -4 5 8)[E.

[ 1 81 9PR Llandysul ] .

vestry] ;

Vestry OS 1 982

Waun -(SN 464-460)[y + gwaun] ; Ffynnon-Tafolog O S 1 834, Waun 1 84 1 TMS, Waun OS 1 891

Windsor Hall -(SN 4 1 1 -424) [E .pn

Windsor + hall] ;

[wms;}r'ho:l

E . Williams]

Windsor Hall O S 1 904

Winllan

-(SN 4 1 8-406)[y + gwinllan] ;

Winllan O S 1 89 1 , Winllan 1 924-26 CSRLS 36

[tJartJ'ho:l (i), ;}Sk �l (ii) J. Thomas] (i), Hall (ii) O S 1 9 82 i) SN 45 1 -424. An old school. A split at one time in this school led to the establishment of ask:ll 'Jed opp. Pantraethnen (14-a) [inf J. Thomas] . ii) SN 452-432. Ysgol-cownti Llandysui -(SN 422-407)[ysgol-cownti + tn. Llandysul (14-a)];

Ysgol Capeldewi -(SN (ii)452-432)[ysgol + tn.

Capeldewi (14-a)J ;

School O S 1 89 1 , Capel Dewi C.P. 1 967 WLS, School

County Intermediate School O S 1 904, Ysgol Ramadeg Llandysul 1 98 1 Garthen n. l , School O S 1 982, Ysgol y Sir, The County School 1 990 Lampeter Photographs p. 1 6 Op.24/09/1 895 [ 1 990 Lampeter Photographs: 1 6] ; op. 1 897 [ 1981 Garthen: 1 ]. Ysgol-isa Llandysul -(SN 4 1 8-406)[ysgol + isaf + tn Llandysul (1 4-a)] ;

247

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD National School, Llandyssul 1 875 D.J.Davies p. 5 1 , a'r Ysgol Genedlaethol 1 879 L'l 1 976 CER vol. 8 p. 30, Sch OS 1 904, Llandysul N.P. 1 945 WLS, Ysgol-isaf 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 56 Est. 1 85 1 [ 1 961 H. R. Ev�11s: 1 56]. Ysg91 P9ntsian -(SN 439-46 1 ) [ysgol + tn. Pontsian (14-a)]; Pontsian C.P. 1 967 \VLS, Ysgoldy Pontsian 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 26, Ysgoldy 1 979 D.\V.Bundock p. 1 9, Sch OS 1 982 0p. l 883 [1 979 D. W. Bmdock: 48] . Ysg9! Tregroes -(SN 407-448)[ysgol + trt Tregroes (14-a)] ; Tregroes C.P. 1 967 Wl� S, Ysgol Tre-groes 1 970 K.Davies p. 28, Sch OS 1 982 Ysgol-ucba L!andysul -(SN (ii)414-406)[ysgol + uchaf + tn. L!andysul (1 4-a)]; Ysgolion y Bvvrdd Llandysul a . . . 1 879 in 1 976 CER vol. 8 p.30, Ysgoldy uchaf (i) 1 961 H.REvans pp. 1 54-55, Llandysul C. 1 945 WLS, Llandysul C.P. 1 967 WLS, Ysgol ucha' 1 976 CER vol.8 p.47, School OS 1 982 i) SN 4 1 6-407. old. loc. Was a British school and became a Board school i11 1 877 [ 1 961 H. R. Eva..11s: 1 54-55] . ii) SN 4 1 4-406. Ysgubor -(SN 441 �485)[ysgubor] ; Ysgubor OS 1 89 1 , Sgubor (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.248 In ruins [OS 1 904]. Ysgub9resgair -(SN 440-477)[ysgubor + tn. Esgair (14-a)]; [skih:>r'esker N. Thomas] Trefelyn 1 803map J. Singer, Ysgubor-Esgair OS 1 89 1 , Sgubor Esger 1 979 D.W.Bundock p. 1 9 Ystafell -(SN 41 6-426)[ystafell]; Ystafell OS 1 891 , Stafell OS 1 982 Here was the abbot's residence i..11. Faerdre grange [ 1 961 H. R. Evans: 1 5 1 ] .

hodonyms High Street -(SN 4 1 7-406)[E. r�gh + street] ; [wajnd'stri:t H. & D. Lewis] High Street l841cens. , High Stryt ('Velsh text) 1 896 \V.J.Davies p. 1 52, High St, King St, Li..11coln Str, \Vind St (names in descending order) O S 1 982 Lonleti -(SN 418-408)[lon + f.pn. Leti] ; Lon Letty 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6, Lon Leti 1 961 H.REvans p. 1 55, Lon Letty OS1 982 Lon Porth -(SN 41 8-407)[lon + tn. Porth (14-a)] ; Lon Char.ning OS 1 : 5,000 rr1ap Siop Channing was at its bottom (inf H. & D. Le\vis] . Lonwesle -(SN 4 1 7-406)[lon + n . Wesle] [wesle'hrl, hrrw'wesle J Thomas] Lon Wesley OS 1 : 5,000 map Penuel, the \Vesleyan cJ:t.apel \vas situated here. geonyms All.t Bron-y-defaid -(SN 396-433 )[allt + tn. Bron-y-defaid] ; Allt Fron-y-defaid OS 1 891 Allt Chware!-bach -(SN 45 1 -445)[allt + tn Chwarel-bach] ; Allt Chwarel-bach OS 1 904 Alit Coed-y-parc -(SN 462-404)[allt + tn Coed-y-parc] ; Bargoedyparke 1 758rent, Coed y Park 1 803map J. Singer, Alit Coed-y-parc OS 1 891 '"t\lltddu -(SN 399-426)[allt + du] ; Alit Ddu 08 1 89 1 Allt-fawr -(SN 399-428)[allt + ma\vr] ; A!lt fav.;r OS 1 891 Allt Fronfe!en -(SN 408-438)[allt + tn. Fronfelen] ; Allt Fron-felen OS 1 904 .A..l. lt-y-!oj -(SN 446-448)[allt + y + loj] ; A.llt y Lodge O S 1 904 248

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Refers to �7\forth Lodge (14-a). Ant Penrhiwrhew -(SN 397-43 1 )[allt + pen + rhiw + yr + rhew] ; Troedyrhiw fach y Rhew ? 1 747 BRA ( 1 955) MSS p. 1 1 3, Alit Pen-rhiw-rhew OS 1 89 1

Banc-yr-bwch -(SN 446-404)[banc + y r + hwch} ; [ bagka hru:x J . Thomas] inf Bontgroca -(SN 409-440)[y + pont + croca] ; '

Bontgrocca 1 836PR Llanwenog, Pont y Croca OS 1 89 1

Bwl Cilgraig -(SN 454-428)[bvll + tn.

Cilgraig ( 1 4-a)] ;

[bu:l,kil'grajg

J. Thomas]

Bwl Cilgraig 1 924-26 CSRLS 62, Bwl Cil-y=graig, i'r Bwl 1 944 T. J. Thomas p. l 8, T. J. Thorrl3.s [ 1 944: 60] compares

b1-Vl to bwlyn dror :

Allt Cilgraig OS 1 982

"Ar y tir yr oedd hen fryncyn creigiog, heb ddim yn

tyfu amo ond eithin a drai.11 a mieri. A.m. fod y bryncyn o ffurf gron, gelwid ef Bwl Cil-y-graig. " [ 1 944

Thomas:

1 8] ; cf.

BlH (1 4-a).

There are supposed to :P..ave been fortifications on

BlH Cilgraig:

T. J.

"Buasai yno

gastell gynt, ac yr oedd ohon ei furiau i'w gweled yno yn nyddiau J\1organ Jones [i. e. c. 1 844] . " [ 1 944

T. J.

Thomas: 1 8] . Tr.is is the castle or mound of Cilgraig mentioned by nineteenth-century antiquaries [ 1 808 s. R. Meyrick: 146; 1 83 3 s. Lewis (1 850 edn): 1 . 1 77] . S. R. l\1eyrick [ 1 808: 146] identified this vvith Castell Abereinon an alias of Domenlas (78-b).

Castel!

-(SN 440-476)[castell] ; Castell O S 1 834, Castell (site of) OS 1 8 9 1 , Castell Hywel, Motte O S 1 982, Tomen Castell \Vmffre

I Hyv1el

1 99 1 A.ab Alun p.25 See Castellh}'lvel ( 14-a). Castel! Gwynionydd - (SN 423-420)(castell + tn. Castell >1 667 Iti.fl. R Vaughan p. 848,

G\v)lllionydd (e)] ; Castell C-n.vynionydd, 'now called' Castell Coedd Von 1 808

S . RJ\1eyrick p. 1 46, Castell Coed-von 1 83 3 S .Lewis ( 1 850 edn) vol. l p. 1 77, Castell Gwynionydd (remains of) OS 1 904 i\.. chapel of ease " supposed to have been"

in a field above Tancoed-mawr ( 1 4-a) [ 1 %1 R R. Eva..'ls: 1 5 1 ] ; Gwenjre1-vi als. Winifred [ 1 902 E. R . Horsfall-Tumer: 2 1 4; 1 95 1

"thought t o have stood near Coedfoel", ded. 04101/5 1 ] ; " St.

Winifred ( a doubtful dedication t o Gwe11.frew� stood ne-ar Castell Gwynionydd a..11d Y & J. R Jenkins [ 1 967 CER: 5. 428 ] question whether this was the ancient church of the area before the establishment of Llandysu! ( 1 4-a). Concrete proof of a religious settlement here seems afforded by: " . . . a menhir [at SN 423-420] and probable altar still stands in a nearby WGaz.

Faerdref . . . " [ 1 967 CER: 5.426] . I. T. Hughes

field . . . " [ 1 967 c&�: 5.426] . "The Lady Chapel [of Llandysul church] houses what must be regarded as one of the most important historical relics in all Wales. It is an exceptionally anc.ient stone with incised Christian w..arkings found many, many years ago on the slope below Coedfoel ", this was removed to the churchyard as an upright monument, but then be�ame an altar stone of the Lady Chapel, consecrated 1 93 9 [ 1 967

CER:

5.428

in

(see photofac. p.428)] ; a roughly squared slab, dated to the ninth-tenth centuries, which

was brought to the churchyard, and then incorporated into a side altar in Llandysul church [1 994 w. G\v.

Thomas: 415]. Cerryg-gwynion -(SN 457- 5 06)[ cerrig

+ g'A')'nion] ;

Cerig Gwynion OS 1 89 1 , Cerrig C""W)rnion OS 1 982

Cerryghyllod -(SN 445-4 1 9)[cerrig + ellyllod ?] ;

[kerig 'hd�d S . \Villiams]

Cerig Hyllod OS 1 904, Y Cerrig Hylldod 1 924

\lfGaz. 1 0/04/24

A comment referri.11g to W.J. Davies' book on Llandysul parish [ 1 896 : 9] a cow.mentator added: "Yn ei

bennod ar Gerrig Hyllod, neu hylldod PePJon - hyll 'ugly' yvv yr ystyr a roddir. Llawer (many) yvv yr ystyr,

wrth gwrs, fel y gwyr Cymry Aberystwyth )'ll dda. Nid ydym yn meddwl fod unnmn yn nyf:fryn Clett\:vr na dyffiyn Teifi chwaith lle mae cymaint o gerrig rhydd ac a geir yn ardal y Cerrig Hylldod. Nid ydym wedi clywed y gair yn cael ei arfer am 'lawer' islaw Abe:r;st\.vyth. 'Carfan' yw y gair arferir yn ardal Tregaron a Llanddewibrefi . . . " [ 1 924

WGaz .

1 0/04/24] . It seems likelier to me trl3.t

'goblins, elves, fairies, sprites'; cf 228} ; cf. Rhydychen

Coed Bron-y-felin

Nan ylles (33-a, d)� t

cf.

hyllod is a development of ellyllod Rhyd-yr-ellyll (Trefdraeth, Angl.) [ 1 963 M. Richards:

(1 4-a).

-(SN 439-4 8 1 ) [ coed + tn. Bron-y-felin] ;

Coed Fron-y-felin OS 1 904

Cwmcou

-(SN 453 -483) [cwm + cau] ;

Cwm-coe OS 1 8 34, Cwm Coi

(dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies p.23 5, BJanc\vmcoi (dialect) 1 896 W.J. Davies

p. 269, Cwm Coy 08 1 89 1 , Cwm Cou 081 904

249

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD Cwmllin -(SN 3 9 5-45 1 ) [cwm + y + llin] ; (c) Park Cwm Llin (prox.) 1 794 in 1 793 sur map Cwmtrybeddau -(SN 45 1 -484)[cwm + trybeddau] ; Cwm-tri-beddau O S 1 834, Cwm Tri-beddau O S 1 89 1 , Cwm Tri Bedde (dialect) 1 896 W.J.Davies p . 23 5 "Ma nhw'n gweud fod tri chorff yn gorwe'n y Cwm, a bod i bedde nhw i weld yn awr, ta beth am yny, 'no rwbeth tebyg i fedd"

Cwmwilcyn

rna

[ 1896 W. I. Davies: 235 ] .

-(SN 393-440)[ cwm + pn. Wilcyn] ;

a Phant Wilkin 1 564rent, Alit Cwm Wilkin (prox. ), Park Cwm Wilkin issa + ycha (prox.) 1 794 in 1 793sur

(c) Cae-Cwm-Wilking 1 924-26 CSRLS 36 Caerwilcyn (Llansawel, Carms. ), reputed to have been named after a giant called Chwilcin als. Wilcin [c. 1 600 s. D. Rhys: 132] ; Samwilcyn (Flints.) was modified to Sarnhwlcyn by the O S mapmakers [ 1964b M. Richards: 405] ; Pwllwilcyn (SO 20-47, Clyro, Rads.). Dinascerdin -(SN 3 85-469) [dinas + hn. Cerdin] ; Dinas Cerdin OS 1 89 1 , (c) Alit y Dinas (prox. ) OS 1 89 1 Cf Dinascerdin (14-a), Domenlas (78-b). Dyffryncerdin -(SN 405-445)[dyffryn + hn Cerdin]� map, Wilkin 1 924-26 CSRLS 1 4, Cwmilcin,

Cf

Dyffryn Cerdin OS 1 904

Ffynnonffeirad

-(SN 43 0-429)[ffynnon + yr + offeiriad];

Aber y Ffynnaun (prox. ) >1 265( 1 3 32) cart. Tal-llychau, Ffynnon-ffeirad 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6,

(c)

Cae

Ffynnon Ffeirad c. 1 970 WFM MS 2 1 1 1 /9 The valley that joins

Blaencwm to Faerdre-fawr (14-a) ( 1 896 W. J. Davies: 237] .

-(SN 450-469)[:ffyno n n + pn. Ffylip] ; Ffynnon Phillip OS 1 904, Ffynnon Philip (spring) OS 1 982

Ffynnonffylip

Gaer(i) -(SN 3 99-460)(Cwmhyar)[y + caer] ; 'Gaer O S 1 834, Gaer O S 1 89 1 , Caer 0Sc. l 950, settlement OS 1 982 Gaer(ii) -(SN 4 1 8-457)(Maesmeillion)[y + caert 'ymdhifyniaid' Gaergefel c. 1 600 in 1 80 8 S.R.Meyrick p. 1 44, Gaer OS 1 834

As the name Caergefail occurs in a manuscript containing a romanticised and fabricated history, one may suspect it to have been inspired by Castellcefail near Hen-Goedmor (3-a)� . . . nothing is now visible. " [ 1 994 I. L. Davies & A H. A Hogg: 248] . "

Gam

- (SN 454-490) [y + earn] ; Cam OS 1 83 4, Cairn O S 1 89 1 , Cam Glandwr 1 93 7 CAST vol. 1 2 p. 32, Cam Glandwr 1 93 9 D.R

Z. S .Davies p.22, Y Garn 0Sc. 1 95 0 Gamwen -(SN 459-500)(y + earn + gwen] ; [garn'wen E .

&

Evans]

Cam-wen O S 1 834, Garn Wen OS 1 89 1 , Gam-wen (site of) OS 1 904 Cf

Lonput

Rhosymryson (1 5-b).

-(SN 407-4 1 7 to SN 4 1 9-460)(lon + ? ] ; Lon Pit 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6, Lon Spit ? 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 7, Lon Pit > 1 945 T. J. Thomas p. 47

Pitt, the Prime Minister [> 1 945 T J Thomas: 47] ; cf Penput pem'p1t als. Pitt's Head (SH 57-51 , Rhyd-ddu, Caerns.), because of a fancied resemblance to the rock to the profile of the Prime Minister William Pitt according to reminiscences of Professor Thomas Parry ( 1 9% retransmission of Cyn Cefn Gwlad, S4C). Moelymor -(SN 4 1 3 -468)[moel + ambor ? ] ; [pen,m�l';Jm�r E. Williams] Derived from the sn.

Penmoelymawr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Moel Ymmoer OS 1 834, Moel Lumon 1 868 B. Williams p.239, Pen-mol-ym-or (Moel-lem-oer als. Moel-y-mor) 1 896 W.J.Davies p.23 6, Moel-y-mor OS 1 89 1 ,

i Ben Moelymor > 1 945

T. J. Thomas p. 9, MoelYm.or als. Moel-lem-oer > 1 94 5 T. J. Thomas p.46 The element *ymor is probably a reduction of ambor --;. *ymbor --;. ym 'or; cf the mountain-name Maenamor (Penmaen-mawr, Caerns.) [1 928 J. Lloyd-Jones: 82� 1928 W. J. Gruffydd: 247]; Moel-lem-oer fel y sbelia Rhys Jones yr enw yn ei gan i'r bugeiliaid yn gynnar yn y ganrif [ 1 945 T. I. Thomas: 46]; awgrym taw gwynt y mor oedd i gyfrif am yr enw; cf Banc-y-mor (62-a). Pencoedfoei -(SN 424-427)[pen + coed + y + moel] ; Cayrhuvid ? >1 265( 1 3 3 2) cart. Tal-llychau (b) p. 1 63 , Coedybhoe1 1 808 S . RMeyrick p. 1 92, Pencoedyfoel OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pencoed-foel O S 1 834, Pen Coed-foel (Intrenchment) O S 1 89 1 , Pencoedfol (dialect) 1 896

250

( 1 4) GWYNIONYDD \V. J.Davies p. 263, o Ben Codf61 (dialect) 1 899 D.E.Jones p. 3 80, Cnwc Coedfoel 1 899 D.E. Jones p. 3 79, Pencoed-y-Foel, Coed-y-foel OSe-. 1 9 5 0, Coe.d-foel OS 1 982 D . C . Evans [ 1 931

CAST: 9.24]

who identified

Pencoedjoel with Cayrhuvid, thought Cayrhuvid was named Coedfoel (14-a); Pant-y-crouddyn (14-

after and H;faidd ab Bledri the late ninth-century ruler of Dyfed; cf

a). Penmoelhedog -(SN 4 5 1 �469)[pen + moel + ehedog] ; Caer Hedoc Ga vv'f c. 1 600 S .D.Rhys p. 1 3 0, Pen �1oelhedog

1 793PR LlandysuL P enmoelhebog OOS 1 8 1 1 ,

Pen Moel Hedog O S 1 834, Pen Moel-hedog O S 1 89 1 , ar Ben Aelhedog 1 89 8 Gweithiau Cluisttnas Evans vol. l

xiii

See Moelhedog (14-a). Pistylldylluan -(SN 422-4 1 8) [pistyll + y + tylluan] ; [pistd,di'Uan J. Thomas] Pistyll Dylluan O S 1 89 1 , Ffynnon-dallhuan 1 924-26 CSRLS 3 6 TPis i s a spout running onto the roadside from the Pill above [ inf J. Thomas] . Whilst the name makes perfect sense, it is feasible that di'!ian is a popular rea..11alysis of the f pn. Gwen!lran. Pont C-orrig -(SN 4 1 3-43 l ) [pont + tn. Gorrig (14·a)] ; Pontnewydd OOS 1 8 1 1 , Pontcerdyn 1 96 1 H.REvans p. 1 64, ar Bont Cerdin 1 970 KDavies p.32, Pont y Gorrig OS 1 98 2

Pont L!and ysu l -(SN 4 1 4-403) [pont + tn.

Llandysul (14-a)] ;

Llandissil Bridge c. 1 700 E. Lhuyd pt. 3 p. 75, Pont Llandysil 1 803map J. Singer, Pont Llandysul 1 990

Lampeter Photographs p. 1 4 Pont Llanfihangei -(SN 456-402)[pont + tn. Llanfilmngel[-ar-art.h] (Ca.rms.)] ; Pont Llanylt.ange!l 'in Llandysul' 1 544 NLW MS 291 2 p . 6, i Bont Llan-rnLltangel-yeroth 1 824 D.Davis ( 1 927 edn) p. l 32, LlanfLltangel Bridge 1 826 Glansevin 11SS, Pont Llanfihangel OS 1 982 Pontllwni -(SN 472-4 1 2)[pont + tn. [Llan]lhvri (Ca..rms.)] ; [p�nt'luni E. M. Hughes] Pont Llwni OS 1 982 Cf Pontllwni (14-a). Tomen Rhydywain -(SN 443-447)[tomen + tn. F�ltydywain (14-a)] ; (c) Gallt Tommen + Tmr.mon als. Castell 'pt. of Tomen R'"ltydyv:ain' 1 806 BR.l\ ( 1 955) MSS p. 75, Tommen Rhyd Owen 1 808 S . R:t-Aeyrick p. l47, Castell Owen O S 1 834, Tomen Rhyd-Owen (Tumulus)

Castell Domen 1 924-26 Tomen Rhydywain (1 4-a).

OS 1 89 1 , Cf

CSRLS 62

25 1

(1 5) GWYNIONYDD LLANWENOG Aber -(SN 478-482)[aber] ; [rabar, pentre'rabar E. Evans] Aberdauddwr OOS 1 8 1 1 , Aberdauddwr 1 8 1 3PR Llanwnnen, Raber 1 824PR Llamvnner., Aber 1 826PR Llanwenog, Aber OS1 834, Raber, Raber cot. 1 843TMS, Aber 0S l 89 1 , Pentre'r Aber 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 77, Aber + R'Aber 0S l 982 Abemantllan -(SN 500-453)[aber + hn. Nantllan] ; [aber'nant M. Davies, ab�r'nant J. Thow.as] Tyr Abernantyllan 1 654 Lucas MS 3,3 1 1 , Abernant Llan 1 722 Peterwell MS 1 1 , Abernantyllan 1 767rent p.23 8, Abemantllan 1 822PR Llanwenog, Abernantllan 1 843T!\1S, Aber-f'.ant-llan OS 1 89 1 Abertegan -(SN 489�439)[aber + hn. Tegan] ; [aber'tegan E. Evans, E. M . Hughes] Abartegan 1 722 CIWSt-David MSS vol. l l p. 1 3 l, Abertegan 1 767 Davies-Evans MSS, Abertygan 00S l 8 1 1 , Abertegan 1 8 1 7PR L1anwenog, Aber-tegan OS1 834, Aber-tegan OS1 891 R J. Thomas's identification [ 1938: 89] of hn. Tegan with the stream that enters the river Teifi at Crughwil (1 5-a) and originates from B ryn teg (1 5-a) is probably incorrect, for there is a rather insignificant tributary to the river Cledlyn tr.at is more directly connected with Abertegan. One must note that Abertegan is not near any confluence, but is rather at the head of these streams, and in all probability refers to another part of its land other than the present site of its buildings (perhaps due to a.11 undocu.'!lented site removal). R. J. Thomas [ 1 938: 89] notes a number of occurrences of the element tegan: "Yn ol pob tebyg, enghrai:fft o enw anwes ydyw enw'r nant hon, gw. SERC!LAJ'.J uchod, oherv;ydd digv;ydd Tegan fel enw person yn Jevan, ap Walt. , Cart. S. J. Bapt. de Carmarthen, 48, ac yn yr enwau lleoedd Bryn Tegan ger Colfa (�v1aesd.); Lletty Tegan c. 1 830, O. S.l\1., i'r deau o Lanllawddog (Caerf ); t Tref Tecan, Lib. Land. 257, rhywle yng nghyffiniau Caerdydd. Mewn Hen Wyddeleg ceir Tecim fel enw person. Ystyr gysefin yr enw tegan �f\v 'tlws' (+- ansoddair teg 'prydferth, clir; claear'). F�lioddir Yr Avon Deg c. l 700 (Dinb.) yn rhedeg i afon Borffordd, Pulford Brook (O. S.�1. ); a Nant Tee 1 53 1 , B.�1. Pt. iii, 589, nant fechan yn rhedeg i Nedd ym mrJwyf Ystradfellte (Brych. ). Bernir rrmi sant o'r enw Tegan a roes ei enw i Landican (Sir Gaerlleon). " I can only add that the instances of tegan in Cardiganshire toponymy are all connected to water, see F.fynondegan (22-b), Pistylltegan (67-a), �Td E. Evans] Brynhafod 1 837PR Llanwenog, Capel Bryn-hafod (Par. Bapt.) OS 1 891 , Capel Brynhafod 1 983 Clone n. l 7 b. l 861 [ 1 939 D . R. & Z. S . Davies: 45] ; denont B. Brynhawc -(SN 477-4 1 8)[bryn + pn. Da[fydd] Hawc] ; [brm' hawk Penpompren, brm'hawk E. 1-1. Hughes, D. & R Davies] Tir Bryn Da Hawck 1 7 1 7/1 8 }-._berglasney MS 1 26, Tyr Bryndaliaioke 1 750 }·..berglasney 1\1S 1 1 5 , BryndahaYvk 1 789 Aberglasney MS 1 1 8, Bri.ndehawk 1 760CF, Bryndahawc OOS1 8 1 1 , Bryndahawk 1 81 7PR Llanwenog, Bryn-da-hav·lg OS 1 834, Brynhawk, Bryn-hawg 1 843TMS, Bryn-da-hawg OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-da-hawc OS 1 904, Bryn-dy-hawk 1 924-26 CSRLS 45, Bryndahawc 0Sc. l 950, Brynhawc OS 1 982 The qualifier \Vas originally Da Hav>'c, fo r Dqfydd HaH.IC, Hawc being, i.'l all probability, the E. sn. Hawke; cf Cae-Da-Bywain (1 5-a). Brynhogfaen -(SN 493-474)[bryn + yr + hogfaen]; [hr�n'h;Jgvan E. Evans, brm'h:>gvan Penpompren, brm' ;:,gvan D. & R Davies] Brynyrhogfan OOS 1 81 1 , Brynyrhogfaen 1 8 1 9PR Llanwenog, Bryn'r Hogfaen OS 1 834, Bryn yr Ogfaen 1 843Th1S, Bryn-hogfaen OS 1 891 Brynhyfryd -(SN 475-485)[bryn + hyfryd] ; [br�n'h;;)vrid E. Evans] Bryn-hyfryd OS 1 89 1 Brynllefrith -(SN 487-474)[bryn + y + llefrith] ; [br�n'�evriO E . Evat1s, Penpompren] Tir Bryn y Llefrith 1 682 CD 69, Tir Bryn y Llefrith issa + ucha 1 729 CD 89, Brynllefrith 1 760CF, BryPJlevrith 1 774 in 1 905 G. E.Evans p.42, Brynllefrith OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bryn-llefrith OS 1 89 1 It seems likely that the significance o f llefrith in this name is a s an allusory complimentary name to a hill containi.'lg good pasture, cf Brynllefrith (32-b), Penbryn (56-a). BrynUwyd -(SN 459-477)[bryn + llwyd] ; Bryn-llWyd OS 1 89 1 , Bryn-llwyd 0Sc. l 950 Brynmaen -(SN 488-502)[bryn + y + w.aen] ; Bryn-maen OS 1 89 1 , Ardwyn 0Sc. l 950 Brynmeddyg -(SN 477-461 )[bryn + y + meddyg] ; Bryn Meddig cot 1 843TIAS Bryn.melyn -(SN 476-463)[bryn + melyn] ; Bryn Melyn cot 1 843TMS Brynteg -(SN 485-439)[bryn + teg] ; [bran'te:g, brm'te:g , pentre,brm'te:g E. M. Hughes] Bryn-teg OS 1 89 1 , yng Nghwarre Brynteg (prox.) 1 93 9 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. l 3 Name derived from nearby Afountpleasant (1 5-a). Bryn View -(SN 487-484)[bryn + E. view] ; Brynview OS 1 982 Bwlchgwyn -(SN 494-497)[bwlch + gv.)n]; [bulz'gwm E. Evar.s] Bwlch-gwyn OS1 891 Bwlch-mawr -(SN 486-432)[bwlch + mawr] ; [bolz'mowr E. Evans, E. M. Hughes, D. & R Davies] Bwlchmawr c. l 700 E.Lhuyd pt.3 p. 89, Bulch mawr 1 760map E. Bowen, Ty Thyn y Bwlch mawr 1 777 BRA. ( 1 955) MSS p. l l 9, Bwlch rr.av.'f OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bwlch.-r..a\\'f 1 826PR Llanwenog, Bwlch-tr.a\\'f OS1891 Cae-cerryg -(SN 491 -482)(cae + yr + cerrig]; [ka·'kerig E. Evans]

255

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Cae Cerrig 1 823PR Llanwenog, Cae Cerrig 1 843Th1S, Cae-careg 08 1 89 1 , Cae-cerrig 08 1 904, Gwynfil OS 1 982 Cae-Da-.Bywain -(SN 5 14-445)[cae + pn. Da[f\;dd] Bywain]; [kad�'bowen D. & R Davies] Cae Da Bowen 1 767rent p.239, Cadabowen OOS 1 81 1 , Cae Da Bowen 181 5PR Llanwenog, Cae-ty­ Bowen 08 1 89 1 , Cae-da-bovven 081 904, Cae-da-Bowen Farm + Cae-da-Bowen House OS1 982 This name as with many others has the well-attested reduction of the pn. DafYdd into Da, cf Brynhawc (1 5-a), Ffjmnon-Da-Fras (15-a), Bwlch-Da-Wergam (41-a), Brynda (54-a), (c) Cae Da Befan (Llanddcvvi Brcfi) [ 179l sur map] . Outside Cardiganshire we fmd Llwyn-Da-Ddu (ST 10-8 1 , Pentyrcf.., Glams.); Tyr Da Powell (unloc., Rads. or Brees .) [ 1 720 Coleman �/ISS]; a person P.amed John Dab Evan (t 1 733) (Llanllawddog, Ca.rm s.) (1sthcent. Llanllawddog MSS: 99] ; Tjjmnon-Da-Bifan (Tirabad, Brees.), f�:m;:mda'bi-van [itlf. Li. Davies] , on which D. Jenkins [ 1 934: 95] wrote: "I gael spel lle bu Da Bifan I yn cael ffyih""lon lawn" (the capitals presumably showing the author understood Da Bifan to be a personal-name); cf Llety-Ifan-Hen (73 -a) . In the late niileteenth centu:ry a person from Treo rci (Gla.111s .) who had w.ade money in the coal-mines built a mans ion adjacent to the original farm [inf D. & R. Davies] . Cae-Da-Bywain Cottages -(SN 510-446)[tn. Cae-Da-Byv;ain (1 5-a) + E. cottages] ; [ka· d;) bowen 'k�ted3ez J. Jones] Cae-ty-bowen Cottage OS 1 89 1 , Cae-da-bowen Cottages OS 1 904 Cae-llan -(SN 493-453) [cae + yr + llan] ; [kaj'ian J. Thomas] Caellan 1 832PR Llanwenog, Cae Llan 1 843Tl\18 Cae' rodyn -(SN 468-471 ) [cae + yr + o dyn] ; Cae'r Odyn 1 836PR Llanwenog, Caeyrodyn 1 843TMS, Caerodyn 1 939 D.R & Z. S.Davies p. 79 Cae'ronnen -(SN 494-476)[cae + yr + onnen] ; CaeroP.nen OS 1 982 Caerau �(SN 477�448) [caerau]; [kejre E. M Hughes, Penpompren] Caire 1 784 BF�t\ ( 1 955) MSS p.66, Caerau OOS 1 8 1 1 , Caerau 0S l 834, Ceire 1 843Tivf� , !..s] Favvnog O S 1 89 1 , Y Fawnog 1 93 9 D . R & Z. S .Davies p.76, Fawnog 1 997 CN 1 7/04/97 p. 1 0 Ffarm Bwlch-bychan -(SN 476-432)[ffarm + tfl_ Bwlch-bychan] ; [farm,bulz'b�an E . Evans, bulz'b�zan D . &

R

Davies]

Bulch bucP.an 1 672 BF�A� ( 1 955) 1 679

in

M88 p. l 03 , Bwkh bychan 1 672 BRA ( 1 95 5) Iv!SS p.40, Bwlchbychan

1 91 3 L. E.Ll Theakston & J.Davies p. 48, Bulch buchan 1 760map E.Bowen, Bwlch buchan

OOS 1 8 1 1 , Bwlchbydmn 1 8 1 4PR Llanwenog, Bwlch-bychan OS 1 834, Bwlch-byclmn OS 1 89 1

Plas Bv,>fch-bychan (1 5-a). Ffinnant Arms -(SN 524-458)[tn. Ffmnant (1 5-a) + E. arw..st [ fin ant ' arm z D. & R Davies, J. Jones, vr:1u'g rli J. Cf

Jones] Ffinnant Arms, FfyT.ant

i\.rms cot 1 843TMS, Ffinr.ant Arms (P. H. ) OS 1 89 1 , Inn 0Sc. 1 95 0, Frongelli

OS 1 98 2

Ffinnant-fach -(SN 521 -462)[ffi.n + nant (+ bach)]; [ fina n t' va : x; D . & F� Davies] F:finant vach 1 8 1 4PR Llanwnnen, Ffmnant fach 1 843T11S, Ffmnant-fach OS 1 89 1

F:finnant..ganoi - (SN 523-461 )[ffm + nant (+ canol)] ; [finant'gen:)l D . & R Davies] Ffynnonant OOS 1 8 l l , Ffnu1ant genol 1 843TMS, Ffmnant-ganol O S 1 89 1

Ffinnant-isa -(SN 527-460)[ffin + P.ant (+ isaf)] ; [finant'ifa D. & R Davies]

261

( 1 5) GWYNIONYDD Ff