The PA's complete guide to prescribing drug therapy, 2018 9780826166579, 0826166571

Table of contents :
Cover
Title
Copyright
Foreword
Contents
Reviewers
Abbreviations
Preface
Acknowledgments
Share The PA’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy 2018
Section I: Drug Therapy by Clinical Diagnosis
Acetaminophen Overdose
Acne Rosacea
Acne Vulgaris
Acromegaly
Actinic Keratosis
Alcohol Dependence/Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Aldosterone Receptor Blocker
Allergic Reaction: General
Allergic Sinusitis
Alzheimer’s Disease
Amebic Dysentery (see Amebiasis)
Amebiasis
Amebic Liver Abscess
Amenorrhea: Secondary
Anaphylaxis
Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
Anemia: Folic Acid Deficiency
Anemia: Iron Deficiency
Anemia: Megaloblastic/Anemia: Pernicious
Angina Pectoris: Stable
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Ankylosing Spondylitis (see Osteoarthritis)
Anorexia/Cachexia
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Anxiety Disorder: Generalized (GAD)/Anxiety Disorder: Social (SAD)
Aphthous Stomatitis (Mouth Ulcer, Canker Sore)
Arterial Insufficiency (Peripheral Vascular Disease, PVD) Arthritis (see Gouty Arthritis)
Aspergillosis (Scedosporium apiospermum, Fusarium spp.)
Asthma
Atrophic Vaginitis
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Bacterial Endocarditis: Prophylaxis
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV; Gardnerella vaginalis)
Baldness: Male Pattern
Bartonella Infection (Cat Scratch Fever)
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Superficial (see Actinic Keratosis)
Bell’s Palsy
Benign Essential Tremor
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Bile Acid Deficiency
Binge Eating Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder: Depression
Bipolar I Disorder: Mania
Bite: Cat
Bite: Dog
Bite: Human
Blepharitis
Blepharoconjunctivitis: Bacterial
Bloating (see Flatulence)
Boil (see Skin Infection: Bacterial)
Bordetella pertussis
Breast Abscess (see Mastitis)
Breast Cancer: Prophylaxis
Bronchiolitis
Bronchitis: Acute/Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB)
Bronchitis: Chronic/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Bulimia Nervosa
Burn: Minor
Bursitis
Cachexia
Calcium Deficiency (Hypocalcemia)
Calloused Skin
Candidiasis: Abdomen, Bladder, Esophagus, Kidney
Candidiasis: Oral (Thrush)
Candidiasis: Skin
Candidiasis: Vulvovaginal (Moniliasis)
Canker Sore (see Aphthous Stomatitis)
Carbuncle (see Skin Infection: Bacterial)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
Cat Scratch Fever (Bartonella Infection)
Cellulitis
Cerumen Impaction
Chalazion (see Stye)
Chancroid
Chest Wall Syndrome (Costochondritis)
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Cholelithiasis
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
Chloasma (see Hyperpigmentation)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Cluster Headache
Colic: Infantile
Colitis
Common Cold (Viral Upper Respiratory Infection [URI])
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
Condyloma Acuminata
Conjunctivitis: Allergic
Conjunctivitis/Blepharoconjunctivitis: Bacterial
Conjunctivitis: Chlamydial
Conjunctivitis: Fungal
Conjunctivitis: Gonococcal
Conjunctivitis: Viral
Constipation
COPD (see Bronchitis: Chronic)
Corneal Edema
Corneal Ulceration
Costochondritis (Chest Wall Syndrome)
Cramps: Abdominal, Intestinal
Crohn’s Disease
Cradle Cap (see Dermatitis: Seborrheic)
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cutaneous Larvae Migrans (Hookworm)
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystitis (Urinary Tract Infection, UTI)
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Dandruff (see Dermatitis: Seborrheic)
Decubitus Ulcer
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Dehydration
Dementia
Dental Abscess
Dental Procedure Prophylaxis (see Bacterial Endocarditis: Prophylaxis)
Denture Irritation
Depression, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Dermatitis: Atopic (Eczema)
Dermatitis: Contact
Dermatitis: Diaper (see Diaper Rash)
Dermatitis: Seborrheic
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Diaper Rash
Diarrhea: Acute
Diarrhea: Chronic
Diarrhea: Travelers
Digitalis Toxicity
Diphtheria
Diverticulitis
Diverticulosis
Donovanosis (see Granuloma Inguinale)
Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry Mouth Syndrome
Dysentery (see Amebiasis)
Dyshidrosis
Dyshydrotic Eczema (Dyshidrosis, Pompholyx)
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
Dyslipidemia (Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Mixed Dyslipidemia)
Dysmenorrhea: Primary
Dyspareunia (Postmenopausal/Painful Intercourse)
Eating Disorder, Binge
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Edema
Emphysema
Encopresis
Endometriosis
Enteritis
Enterobius vermicularis (see Pinworm Infection)
Enuresis: Primary, Nocturnal
Epicondylitis
Epididymitis
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Erosive Esophagitis
Erysipelas
Erythema Chronicum Migrans (Lyme Disease)
Erythema Infectiosum
Esophagitis, Erosive
Exanthem Subitum (see Roseola)
Eye Pain
Facial Hair, Excessive/Unwanted
Fecal Odor
Fever (Pyrexia)
Fever Blister
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
Fibromyalgia
Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)
Flatulence
Flu
Fluoridation, Water,

Citation preview

“This appears to be an excellent prescribing reference that both PA students and practicing PAs in all types of clinical settings will find very useful.” Andrew W. Hull, PA-C Director, Chair, and Assistant Professor of Physician Assistant Studies, Milligan College, Tennessee “This is a user-friendly, compact, and thorough prescribing guide with very helpful crossreferencing and useful appendices that will be a benefit to any practicing PA.” Heather C. Justice, MSPAP, PA-C Assistant Professor, Milligan College, Tennessee; Palliative Care Practitioner, Wellmont Medical System, Kingsport, Tennessee “This is a great idea. There are many websites, apps, and booklets with similar information. But everyone likes a document that is special for their profession . . . the treatment recommendations will be valuable . . . this will be well received by PAs . . . [particularly by] newer graduates.” Lucy W. Kibe, DrPH, MS, MHS, PA-C Director of Doctoral Education, Assistant Professor, Department of Physician Assistant Medicine, School of Graduate Health Sciences, Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, Virginia “The text material is well-thought out and organized. Categorizing the information by diagnosis allows for quick and easy referencing in the classroom or in the clinic. The expanded prescribing information . . . provides succinct clinical pearls that are invaluable to the clinician in training and the seasoned provider alike.” Maureen Knechtel, MPAS, PA-C Assistant Professor, Physician Assistant Studies, Milligan College, Tennessee “A clinical ‘must’ in today’s busy  practice  environment . . . brilliantly linking the most common disease entities with a most user-friendly and extremely well laid out prescribing guide. . . .” Keith Lafferty, MD, FAAEM Co-Director Department of Emergency Medicine, Director of Education, Gulf Coast Medical Center, Fort Myers, Florida; Adjunct Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania “Excellent resource for physician assistants whether practicing or in training. All the necessary information is at your fingertips—not only Rx relevant,  but clinically also. A must-have in your personal medical reference collection!” Amee Naidu, MMS, PA-C Director of Student Affairs, Senior Lecturer, MEDEX  NW–Physician  Assistant Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Mari J. Wirfs, PhD, MN, RN, ANP-BC, FNP-BC, CNE, is a nationally certified adult nurse practitioner (ANCC since 1997) and family nurse practitioner (AANP since 1998) and certified nurse educator (NLN since 2008). Her career spans 45  years in collegiate undergraduate and graduate nursing education and clinical practice in critical care, pediatrics, psychiatric–mental health nursing, and advanced practice primary care nursing. Her PhD is in higher education administration and leadership. During her academic career, she has achieved the rank of professor with tenure in two university systems. She is a frequent guest lecturer on a variety of advanced practice topics to professional groups and general health care topics to community groups. Dr. Wirfs was a member of the original medical staff in the establishment of Baptist Community Health Services, a community-based nonprofit primary care clinic founded post-hurricane Katrina in the New Orleans Lower Ninth Ward. Since 2002, Dr. Wirfs has served as clinical director and primary care provider at the Family Health Care Clinic, serving faculty, staff, students, and their families at New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (NOBTS). She is also adjunct graduate faculty, teaching Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, in the NOBTS Guidance and Counseling program. She is a long-time member of the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF), Sigma Theta Tau National Honor Society of Nursing, and several other academic honor societies. Dr. Wirfs has completed, published, and presented six quantitative research studies focusing on academic leadership, nursing education, and clinical practice issues, including one for the Army Medical Department conducted during her 8 years reserve service in the Army Nurse Corps. Dr. Wirfs has co-authored family primary care certification review books and study materials. Her first prescribing guide, Clinical Guide to Pharmacotherapeutics for the Primary Care Provider, was published by Advanced Practice Education Associates (APEA) from 1999 to 2014. The APRN’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy 2018 (launched in 2016), The APRN’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Pediatric Drug Therapy 2018 (launched in 2017), and The PA’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy 2018 (launched in 2017) are Springer Publishing handbook editions accompanied by the free e-book version with quarterly electronic updates.

t The PA’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy 2018 Mari J. Wirfs, PhD, MN, RN, ANP-BC, FNP-BC, CNE

Copyright © 2018 Springer Publishing Company, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, [email protected] or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Springer Publishing Company, LLC 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 www.springerpub.com Acquisitions Editor: Margaret Zuccarini Composition: Exeter Premedia Services Private LTD. ISBN: 978-0-8261-6656-2 e-book ISBN: 978-0-8261-6657-9 17 18 / 5 4 3 2 1 This book is a quick reference for health care providers practicing in primary care settings. The information has been extrapolated from a variety of professional sources and is presented in condensed and summary form. It is not intended to replace or substitute for complete and current manufacturer prescribing information, current research, or knowledge and experience of the user. For complete prescribing information, including toxicities, drug interactions, contraindications, and precautions, the reader is directed to the manufacturer’s package insert and the published literature. The inclusion of a particular brand name neither implies nor suggests that the author or publisher advises or recommends the use of that particular product or considers it superior to similar products available by other brand names. Neither the author nor the publisher makes any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the information, including any errors or omissions, herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wirfs, Mari J., author. Title: The PA’s complete guide to prescribing drug therapy, 2018 / Mari J. Wirfs. Description: New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2017008918 | ISBN 9780826166562 Subjects: | MESH: Drug Therapy | Drug Prescriptions | Physician Assistants | Handbooks Classification: LCC RM301.15 | NLM WB 39 | DDC 615.1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017008918

Contact us to receive discount rates on bulk purchases. We can also customize our books to meet your needs. For more information please contact: [email protected] Printed in the United States of America by McNaughton & Gunn.

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FOREWORD

This is a succinct, pocket-sized prescribing guide that allows speedy drug reference for over 500 clinical diagnoses. It is a must-have book for both seasoned and new physician assistants. Unlike traditional pharmacology textbooks, the information has been organized alphabetically by clinical diagnosis, which allows speedy access of information by the busy clinician in all settings. The author also did an excellent job of providing clinically important information, such as mechanisms of action, in a way that is not overwhelming to the reader. The book is accompanied by an electronic version allowing periodic content updates to keep users current all year. The author is a very experienced clinician educator who has worked in various health care settings for over four decades. Educators, students, and clinicians from various clinical settings will find this book very handy. As a primary care PA, I am very excited about the various disease conditions that are covered in this book. Pharmacologic agents are evolving very quickly; I commend the author in creating such a current inventory and for keeping us up to date with the current treatment guidelines. With the rapidly changing treatment algorithms and drug prices, prescribers need to have up-to-date references at their fingertips. This book does exactly that. It provides excellent resources on the various drugs that can be used for different conditions. It discusses drug rationales, side effects, efficacy, and safety as well as drug-to-drug interactions. Whether you are a PA working in outpatient or inpatient settings, or in pediatrics or geriatrics, this book is an easy go-to resource for your prescribing needs. For PA educators and students, this book should be recommended in your syllabus. Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MMSc, PA-C Assistant Clinical Professor Director of the Physician Assistant Program University of California Davis Medical Center

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CONTENTS

Foreword Gerald Kayingo, PhD, MMSc, PA-C  v Reviewers  xxi Abbreviations  xxiii Preface  xxx Acknowledgments  xxxi Share The PA’s Complete Guide to Prescribing Drug Therapy 2018

SECTION I: DRUG THERAPY BY CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS Acetaminophen Overdose  3 Acne Rosacea  3 Acne Vulgaris  4 Acromegaly  8 Actinic Keratosis  8 Alcohol Dependence/Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome  9 Aldosterone Receptor Blocker  216 Allergic Reaction: General  10 Allergic Sinusitis  381 Alzheimer’s Disease  11 Amebic Dysentery (see Amebiasis)  12 Amebiasis  12 Amebic Liver Abscess  13 Amenorrhea: Secondary  14 Anaphylaxis  14 Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)  15 Anemia: Folic Acid Deficiency  16 Anemia: Iron Deficiency  16 Anemia: Megaloblastic/Anemia: Pernicious  16 Angina Pectoris: Stable  17 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)  212 Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)  213 Ankylosing Spondylitis (see Osteoarthritis)  292 Anorexia/Cachexia  20 Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)  20 Anxiety Disorder: Generalized (GAD)/Anxiety Disorder: Social (SAD)  22 Aphthous Stomatitis (Mouth Ulcer, Canker Sore)  26 Arterial Insufficiency (Peripheral Vascular Disease, PVD) Arthritis (see Gouty Arthritis)  163 Aspergillosis (Scedosporium apiospermum, Fusarium spp.)  27 Asthma  28 vi

C o n t e n t s ■ vii

Atrophic Vaginitis  37 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)  37 Bacterial Endocarditis: Prophylaxis  41 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV; Gardnerella vaginalis)  43 Baldness: Male Pattern  44 Bartonella Infection (Cat Scratch Fever)  71 Basal Cell Carcinoma: Superficial (see Actinic Keratosis)  8 Bell’s Palsy  44 Benign Essential Tremor  44 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)  45 Bile Acid Deficiency  46 Binge Eating Disorder  46 Bipolar I Disorder: Depression  47 Bipolar I Disorder: Mania  51 Bite: Cat  54 Bite: Dog  55 Bite: Human  56 Blepharitis  57 Blepharoconjunctivitis: Bacterial  89 Bloating (see Flatulence)  148 Boil (see Skin Infection: Bacterial)  396 Bordetella pertussis  332 Breast Abscess (see Mastitis)  261 Breast Cancer: Prophylaxis  58 Bronchiolitis  59 Bronchitis: Acute/Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB)  59 Bronchitis: Chronic/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)  63 Bulimia Nervosa  65 Burn: Minor  66 Bursitis  66 Cachexia  20 Calcium Deficiency (Hypocalcemia)  226 Calloused Skin  396 Candidiasis: Abdomen, Bladder, Esophagus, Kidney  66 Candidiasis: Oral (Thrush)  67 Candidiasis: Skin  67 Candidiasis: Vulvovaginal (Moniliasis)  69 Canker Sore (see Aphthous Stomatitis)  26 Carbuncle (see Skin Infection: Bacterial)  396 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)  71 Cat Scratch Fever (Bartonella Infection)  71 Cellulitis  73 Cerumen Impaction  76 Chalazion (see Stye)  403

viii ■ C o n t e n t s

Chancroid  76 Chest Wall Syndrome (Costochondritis)  98 Chickenpox (Varicella)  77 Chlamydia trachomatis  78 Cholelithiasis  80 Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)  80 Chloasma (see Hyperpigmentation)  206 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)  63 Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)  408 Cluster Headache  167 Colic: Infantile  83 Colitis  364 Common Cold (Viral Upper Respiratory Infection [URI])  83 Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)  340 Condyloma Acuminata  460 Conjunctivitis: Allergic  85 Conjunctivitis/Blepharoconjunctivitis: Bacterial  89 Conjunctivitis: Chlamydial  93 Conjunctivitis: Fungal  94 Conjunctivitis: Gonococcal  94 Conjunctivitis: Viral  95 Constipation  95 COPD (see Bronchitis: Chronic)  63 Corneal Edema  98 Corneal Ulceration  98 Costochondritis (Chest Wall Syndrome)  98 Cramps: Abdominal, Intestinal  98 Crohn’s Disease  99 Cradle Cap (see Dermatitis: Seborrheic)  113 Cryptosporidium parvum  102 Cutaneous Larvae Migrans (Hookworm)  193 Cystic Fibrosis  103 Cystitis (Urinary Tract Infection, UTI)  449 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis  376 Dandruff (see Dermatitis: Seborrheic)  113 Decubitus Ulcer  444 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)  103 Dehydration  103 Dementia  103 Dental Abscess  104 Dental Procedure Prophylaxis (see Bacterial Endocarditis: Prophylaxis)  41 Denture Irritation  105 Depression, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)  105 Dermatitis: Atopic (Eczema)  110 Dermatitis: Contact  113

C o n t e n t s ■ ix

Dermatitis: Diaper (see Diaper Rash)  117 Dermatitis: Seborrheic  113 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1  426 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2  431 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy  115 Diaper Rash  117 Diarrhea: Acute  118 Diarrhea: Chronic  120 Diarrhea: Travelers  122 Digitalis Toxicity  123 Diphtheria  123 Diverticulitis  123 Diverticulosis  124 Donovanosis (see Granuloma Inguinale)  164 Dry Eye Syndrome  125 Dry Mouth Syndrome  395 Dysentery (see Amebiasis)  12 Dyshidrosis  126 Dyshydrotic Eczema (Dyshidrosis, Pompholyx)  126 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)  126 Dyslipidemia (Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Mixed Dyslipidemia)  126 Dysmenorrhea: Primary  131 Dyspareunia (Postmenopausal/Painful Intercourse)  132 Eating Disorder, Binge  46 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)  110 Edema  133 Emphysema  135 Encopresis  137 Endometriosis  137 Enteritis  361 Enterobius vermicularis (see Pinworm Infection)  337 Enuresis: Primary, Nocturnal  138 Epicondylitis  139 Epididymitis  139 Erectile Dysfunction (ED)  140 Erosive Esophagitis  142 Erysipelas  141 Erythema Chronicum Migrans (Lyme Disease)  255 Erythema Infectiosum  148 Esophagitis, Erosive  142 Exanthem Subitum (see Roseola)  386 Eye Pain  142 Facial Hair, Excessive/Unwanted  143 Fecal Odor  143

x ■ Contents

Fever (Pyrexia)  143 Fever Blister  190 Fibrocystic Breast Disease  146 Fibromyalgia  146 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)  148 Flatulence  148 Flu  239 Fluoridation, Water,