THE PAPYRUS TEXTS IN THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Z eeb R oad Ann Arbor, M ichigan 48106

LD3907 .Cr7 V /olfe, E th y le R enee, 19191950 . Ten papyrus t e x t s in the New York .W6 U n iv e r s ity L ib ra ry . New York, 194 9. 80 ty p e w r itte n le a v e s . 29cm. T h e s is (P h .D .) - New York U niver­ s i t y , Graduate S c h o o l, 1950. " B i b l i o g r a p h y and a b b r e v i a t i o n s " :

P • j>—7 ® C50650

Xerox University Microfilms,

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106

THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED.

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Hf"r ’ronK UNIVERSITY UNl t'ERSITY HEIGHTS

V

TEN PAPYRUS TEXTS IN TEE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

E th y le RV W olfe

vBecembei-'l'’;' "±94=9 Q

A d i s s e r t a t i o n i n t h e d e p a rtm e n t o f C la s s ic s s u b m itte d t o t h e f a c u l t y o f t h e G ra d u a te S ch o o l o f A rts and S c ie n c e o f New Y ork U n iv e r s it y i n p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u ir e m e n ts f o r t h e d e g re e o f D o c to r o f P h ilo s o p h y

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION

1-2

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

3 -7 I n v e n to r y Number

TEXTS 1

.

P e titio n

(X V III 4 7 )

5 A.D.

2

.

L e tte r of In tro d u c tio n

(XVI 21)

6

3.

Q u itta n c e f o r Money Loan

( I I 136A)

98-10oA .D .

4.

C o n tr a c t o f Loan w ith M ortgage

( I I 136B R e c to ) I I A.D.

31-40

5.

A ccount

( I I 136B V e rso ) I I A.D.

41.

L e t t e r t o A p o llo n iu s fro m A c h il le s

( I I 87)

I l l / l l B .C . 42-45

L e tte r to T e ts e iris

( I I I 21D)

IV A.D.

4 6 -50

R e p o rt o f a S h ip C a p ta in

( I I I 21A)

IV A.D.

51-54

9.

A cco u n t

( I I 108 R e c to )

IV A .D .

55-61

.

A cco u n t

( I I 108 V e rso )

IV A.D.

62-71

6

.

7. 8

10

INDICES

^ 0 1 0 *5 1

D ate

.

A.D.

8 -2 0

2 1 -2 4 25 -3 0

7 2 -8 0

INTRODUCTION

The New York U n iv e r s it y p ap y ru s c o l l e c t i o n owes i t s i n c e p t i o n t o th e i n i t i a t i v e

o f th e l a t e P r o f e s s o r F r a n c is YI. K e ls e y o f t h e U n iv e r­

s i t y o f M ic h ig a n , who i n 1921 and 1923 fo rm ed a s y n d ic a te composed o f s e v e r a l A m erican u n i v e r s i t i e s and th e B r i t i s h Museum f o r t h e p u rp o se o f p u r c h a s in g p a p y r i from E g y p tia n d e a l e r s , p a r t i c u l a r l y fro m th e fam ­ ous a n t i q u i t i e s m e rc h a n t, M aurice Rahman.

The f i r s t p u rc h a s e i n 1921

was s h a re d by a gro u p composed o f M ic h ig a n , C o r n e l l, and P r in c e to n U ni­ v e r s i t i e s t o g e t h e r w ith th e B r i t i s h Museum a n d th e U n i v e r s i t y o f G eneva. I n 1 9 2 3 , th e W ash in g to n S ouare L i b r a r y o f New York U n i v e r s i t y a v a i l e d i t s e l f o f fu n d s c o n t r i b u te d by P r o f e s s o r Jam es B. Munn t o j o i n C olum bia, M ic h ig a n , and th e B r i t i s h Museum i n th e seco n d c o - o p e r a t iv e p u rc h a s e a r ­ ra n g e d b y P r o f e s s o r K e ls e y , w hich i n t h e f o llo w in g y e a r was c a ta lo g u e d 1 an d d i s t r i b u t e d t o th e members o f t h e s y n d i c a t e . T h is n u c le u s was augm ented b y a s m a lle r p u rc h a se e f f e c t e d i n 1932 b y P r o f e s s o r C asp er J . K raem er, J r . d u r in g a v i s i t to E g y p t.

I n th e c a s e o f th e c o - o p e r a tiv e

p u r c h a s e s , i t i s r e a s o n a b le to assum e t h a t docum ents fro m th e same a r c h iv e s a r e t o be fo u n d i n th e c o l l e c t i o n s o f t h e v a r io u s p a r t i c i p a t i n g u n iv e r ­ s itie s . The g ro u p o f p a p y r i s e l e c t e d f o r t h i s d i s s e r t a t i o n b e lo n g t o th e l o t a c q u ir e d th r o u g h th e K elsey p u rc h a se o f 1 9 2 3 .

Documents o f th e c o l l e c t i o n

a l r e a d y p u b lis h e d i n th e T r a n s a c tio n s o f t h e A m erican P h i l o l o g i c a l A s s o c ia tio n a re :

C asp er J . K raem er, 'The Nomarch N ic a n o r: P NYU I n v . I I 8 9 , '

T . F o r c o n v e n ie n c e i n s h ip p in g and i n o r d e r t o r e l i e v e H. I d r i s B e ll ( B r i t i s h Museum) o f p a r t o f th e b u rd e n , th e d i v i s i o n o f th e N^U and Colum bia a llo tm e n ts was made i n New Y ork, and i n th e o r i g i n a l ty p e d in v e n to r y l i s t s p ro v id e d f o r t h e members o f th e s y n d ic a te th e p o r t i o n s o f b o th u n i v e r s i t i e s w ere l i s t e d u n d er C olum bia.

V ol. 58 (1927) 15 5 -1 6 9 ; L io n e l Cohen, 'H e r e d is I n s t i t u t i o ex Re C e rta and a Hew W ill o f th e Roman T y p e ,' 63 (1 9 3 7 ) 343-356 ( i n v . I I 1 5 ]; C asp er J . Kraemer and N a p h ta li L ew is, 'A R e f e r e e 's H e a rin g on Owner­ s h i p ',

68

(1937) 357-387 [ in v . XV 19 and XVT 2 ] ; L io n e l C asso n , In v . I I

219A i n 'T a x - C o lle c tio n Problem s i n E a r l y A rab E g y p t ,' 69 (1 9 3 8 ) 274-291 and I n v . 1001 V erso i n 'Wine M easu res an d P r i c e s i n B y z a n tin e E g y p t ,' 70 (1 9 3 9 ) 1 -1 6 . A s tu d y by L io n e l C a sso n , c a l l e d 'N in e P ap y ru s T ex ts i n th e New York U n iv e r s ity C o ll e c t io n ,* an d a c c e p te d a s a d o c to r a l d i s ­ s e r t a t i o n i n 19 3 8 , c o n ta in e d e d i t i o n o f th e f o llo w in g p ie c e s : In v . I l l 6 0 , XlVb 63 R and V, I 1 8 , I I 1 5 , XIX 1R and V, I I 3 5 , and I I 219A. The d i s s e r t a t i o n a s a w hole was n o t p u b l i s h e d , b u t two numbers ( in v . I I 15 and I I 219A) a p p e a re d s e p a r a t e l y i n TAJPA a s l i s t e d a b o v e. A t th e s u g g e s tio n o f P r o f e s s o r K raem er, th e c o n v e n tio n a l r e f e r e n c e s y ste m h a s b een abandoned i n th e p r e s e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n i n f a v o r o f t h a t em ployed i n s c i e n t i f i c p u b l i c a t i o n s .

The p u rp o se o f t h e change i s th e

a v o id a n c e o f th e e x c e s s iv e f u l l n e s s and r e p e t i t i o n e n t a i l e d by th e u s ­ u a l m ethod.

The economy o f th e s c i e n t i f i c p r a c t i c e i s o b v io u s :

r e f e r e n c e s to books and a r t i c l e s a r e g iv e n b y a u th o r and y e a r o f p u b l i c a t i o n and in c o r p o r a te d i n t o th e t e x t , e . g . , t h e b o o k , Les i n s t i t u t i o n s m i l i t a i r e s de L 'g g y p te sous l e s L a g id e s , b y ^ e a n L e s a u i e r i s r e f e r r e d to a s L e s o u ie r (1911) and th e a r t i c l e " O s tra k a from D enderah" i n A r c h iv f ti r P a p y ru sfo rso h u n g und V erw andte G e b ie te (V o l. V i) b y J . G r a f to n M iln e a s M ilne (1 9 2 0 ). The f u l l r e f e r e n c e i s th u s g iv e n o n ly o n ce— i n t h e b i b l i o g r a p h y . I w ish t o e x p re s s my g r a t i t u d e t o P r o f e s s o r K raem er f o r h i s g en ero u s a s s i s t a n c e and h i s c r i t i c a l r e a d in g o f t h e d i s s e r t a t i o n .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

A rc h iv : A rc h iv f tir P a p y ru s fo rsc h u n g und V erw andte G e b ie te , e d i t e d b y U lr ic h W ilck en ( L e ip z ig 1900 —— ) . BGUr

B e r l i n e r g r ie c h is c h e U rkunden (A g y p tisc h e U rkunden au s den K B n ig lich en Museen zu B e r l i n ) ( B e r l i n 1895 ).

Bruns (1876 ) r C a rl Georg B rim s, "D ie ^ n t e r s c h r i f t e n i n den rB m ischen R e c h ts u rk u n d e n , " P h ilo lo g is c h e und H is to r is c h e A bhandlungen d e r K B n ig lich en Akademie d e r W is s e n s c h a f te n zu B e r l i n , pp. 4 1 -1 3 8 . D eissm an (1927) : A d o lf D eissm an , L ig h t fro m th e A n c ie n t E a s t; The New T estam en t i l l u s t r a t e d b y R e c e n tly D is c o v e re d T e x ts o f th e Graeco-Roman W orld , T r a n s la te d b y L io n e l R .N . S tr a c h a n , M .A ., New and C o m p letely R e v ise d E d i tio n w ith E i g h ty - f iv e I l l u s t r a t i o n s fro m th e L a t e s t German E d i tio n (G eorge H. D oran Company, New Y o rk ). E x le r (1923) t F r a n c is X a v ie r J . E x l e r , The Form o f t h e A n c ie n t G reek L e t t e r ; A S tu d y i n G reek E p is to lo g r a p h y ( D i s s e r t a t i o n , C a th o lic U n iv e r s it y o f A m erica, 7 fa s h in g to n , D .C .) . G eoponica, e d . H. Beckh (T e u b n e r, L e ip z ig 1 8 9 5 ). G e s e n iu s : Hebrew and C haldee L e x ic o n t o th e Old T estam en t S c r i p t u r e s ; T r a n s la te d , w ith A d d itio n s an d C o r r e c tio n s fro m th e A u th o r’ s T hesau ru s and O th er Yforks, by Samuel P rid e a u x T r e g e lle s (Jo h n W ile y and S o n s, New York 187 7 ) • G re e k -C o p tic G lo s s a ry , e d . H .I . B e ll an d W.E. Crum, A egyptus ( R i v i s t a I t a l i a n a d i E g i t t o l o g i a e d i P a p ir o l o g ia ) V o l. VI pp. 177-226 (M ilan 1925) Jo h n so n (19 3 6 ) : A lla n C h e s te r J o h n s o n , Roman Egypt t o th e R e ig n of D i o c l e t i a n , An Economic S u rv ey o f A n c ie n t Rome, e d i t e d b y Tenney F ra n k , V o l. I I (J o h n s H opkins U n i v e r s i t y , B a ltim o r e ) . (1944) See W est an d J o h n s o n , (1 9 4 4 ). L e s q u ie r (1911) : J e a n L e s q u ie r , Les i n s t i t u t i o n s m i l i t a i r e s de L»Sgypte sous l e s L a g id e s (E. L e ro u x , P a r i s ) . L i d d e l l - S c o t t - J o n e s : A G re e k -E n g lis h L e x ic o n , C om piled b y H enry George L i d d e ll and R o b e rt S c o t t ; A New E d i t i o n R e v ise d and Augmented th ro u g h o u t by S i r H enry S t u a r t J o n e s w ith th e A s s is ta n c e o f R o d erick McKenzie (O xford U n iv e r s it y P r e s s , O xford 1940) .

L uckhard (1914) : F r i t z L u ck h a rd , Das P r iv a th a u s im P to lem H isch en und rB m isch en ilg y p te n ( D i s s e r t a t i o n , G ie s s e n ) . M anigk (19 0 9 ) : A. M anigk, " G rH ko-A gyptisches P f a n d r e c h t , 11 Z e i t s c h r i f t d e r S a v ig n y - S tif tu n g fU r R e c h ts g e s c h ic h te , V o l. XXX, p p . 2 7 2 -3 2 8 . (192 0 ) P f a n d r e c h t l i c h e s , A rc h iv f ti r P a p y ru s fo rsc h u n g und V erw andte G e b ie te V o l. V I, p p . 1 1 4 -1 2 2 . K a y s e rr Edwin M ayser, Grammatik d e r g r ie c h is c h e n P a p y ri a u s d e r P to lm e m H e rz e it, V o l. I and I I (W a lte r de G ru y te r and Company, B e r l i n and L e ip z ig 1 9 2 3 -1 9 3 4 ). Meecham (1 9 2 3 ) : H enry G. Meecham, L ig h t fro m A n c ie n t L e t t e r s ; P r i v a t e C o rresp o n d en ce i n th e R o n - L ite r a r y P a p y ri o f th e F i r s t F our C e n t u r ie s , and I t s B e a rin g on New T estam en t Language and Thought (G eorge A lle n and Unwin, L t d . , London? th e M acm illan Company, New Y o rk ). M einersm ann (1 9 2 7 ) : B ern h ard M einersm ann, Die l a t e i n i s c h e n W Brten und Namen i n den g r ie c h is c h e n P a p y ri ( D i e t e r i c h , L e i p z ig ) . Meyer (1 9 2 0 ) : P a u l M. M eyer, J u r i s t i s c h e P a p y r i: E rk lS ru n g von U rkunden ztir E iflftth ru n g i n d ie J u r i s t i s c h e P apyruskunde (W eismann, B e r l i n ) . M ill ig a n (1 9 2 7 ) : George M ill ig a n , S e l e c t i o n s fro m th e G reek p a p y r i, e d i t e d w ith t r a n s l a t i o n and n o te s (Cam bridge U n iv e r s it y P r e s s , C am b rid g e). M ilne (1 9 2 0 ) : J . G r a f t on M i n e , " O s tra k a fro m D en d erah ," A rc h iv f ttr P a p y ru s fo rsc h u n g und V erw andte G e b ie te V o l. VI p p . 1 2 5 -1 3 6 . M itte is - W ilc k e n : Grundztige und C h re s to m a th ie d e r P apyruskunde von Ludwig M i t t e i s und U lr ic h W ilc k e n . Bd. I H i s t o r i s c h e r T e i l : l ) GrundzUge 2 ) C h re s­ to m a th ie von U. W ilck en ? Bd. I I J u r i s t i s c h e r T e i l : l ) Grundzlige von L. M i t t e i s 2 ) C h re s to m a th ie von U. W ilck en (T e u b n e r, L e i p z ig - B e r lin 1912 ) P Amh: A m herst P a p y r i, e d . B .P . G r e n f e ll an d A .S . H u n t, 2 v o l s . , (London 1 9 0 0 ). P B o u r: Les p a p y ru s B o u r ia n t, e d . P. C o l l a r t ( P a r i s 1 9 2 6 ). P C a ir Z enon: C.C. E d g a r, Zenon P a p y r i, 4 v o l s . (C a ta lo g u e g e n e r a le d es A n t i q u i t e s e g y p tie n n e s du Musee du C a ir o , 7 9 , 1 9 2 5 -3 1 ). P Col Zenon: Zenon p a p y r i: b u s in e s s p a p e rs o f t h e 3 rd c e n tu r y B .C ., e d . W.L. W esterm ann and E .S . H a s e n o e h rl (C olum bia U n iv e r s it y P r e s s , New Y ork, V o l. I 1934; Vol I I 1 9 4 0 ). P C o rn : G reek P a p y ri i n th e L i b r a r y o f C o rn e ll U n iv e r s it y , W esterm ann and C .J . K raem er (New York 1 9 2 6 ).

e d . W.L.

P E n t. P u b l i c a t i o n s de l a S o c ie te r o y a ls e g y p tie n n e de P a p y r ^ g i© T e x te s e t D ocum ents, I , 'E v - f s ^ s ^ e d 0 . G ueraud (C a iro 1 9 3 1 -2 ). P F ay :

B .P . G r e n f e l l , A .S . H u n t, D.G. H o g a rth , Fayum Towns and T h e ir P a p y r i (London 1 9 0 0 ).

P F l o r : P a p i r i F i o r e n t i n i , d o c u m e n ti, p u b b lic i e p r i v a t i d e l l ’ e t a rom ana e b i z a n t i n a : I e d . G. V i t e l l i , M ilano 1906; I I ed D. C o m p a r e tti, 1 9 0 8 -1 1 ; i l l e d . G. V i t e l l i , 1915. P Gen: Les p a p y ru s de Geneve t r a n s a c t s e t p u b li e s p a r J u l e s N ic o le (G eneva 1 8 9 6 , 1 9 0 0 ). P G is s r G r ie c h is c h e P a p y ri im Museum d es o b e r h e s s is c h e n G e s c h ic h ts v e r e in s zu G ie s s e n , Bd. I , H e fte 1 - 3 , e d . 0. E g e r, E. Kornemann, P.M. M eyer, ( L e ip z ig e t c . 1 9 1 0 -1 2 ). P Goodsp: E . J . G oodspeed, A Group o f G reek P ap y ru s T e x ts ( C la s s . P h i l . I , 1 9 0 6 , p . 1 6 7 ). P Hamb: P.M. M eyer, G r ie c h is c h e P ap y ru su rk u n d en d e r H am burger S t a d t b i b l i o t h e k ( S ta a t s - u n d U n i v e r s i t a t s b i b l i o t h e k 1924 Bd. I , L e ip z ig e t c . 1 9 1 1 -2 4 ). P H ibs H ibeh P a p y r i, P a r t I , e d . B .P . G r e n f e ll and A .S . H u n t,

(London 1906) .

P la n d : P a p y ri I a n d a n a e : cum d i s c i p u l i s e d i d i t C a ro lu s K a l b f l e i s c h ( L e ip z ig and B e r l i n 1912*— ) . P L ip s : L. M i t t e i s , G r ie c h is c h e U rkunden d e r Papyrussam m lung z u L e i p z ig , V o l. I ( L e ip z ig 1 9 0 6 ). P Lond: G reek p a p y r i i n th e B r i t i s h Museum, V o ls . I and I I e d . E.G . Kenyon and H .I . B e l l , V o ls . IV and V e d . H .I . B e ll (London 1893— ) . P M ich: M ich ig an P a p y r i, b y C.C. E d g ar, A .E .R . Boak, J .G . W in te r and o th e r s (Ann A rb o r 1931— ) . P NYU I I 8 9 : P a p y r i i n th e New York U n iv e r s it y L i b r a r y , I n v . I I 8 9 , by C a sp e r J . K raem er, J r . (TAPA 5 8 , 1927 pp. 1 5 5 -1 6 9 ). P O s l: P a p y ri O s lo e n s e s , e d . S. E itre m

(O slo 1925— ) .

P Oxy: O xyrhynchus P a p y r i, e d . B .P . G r e n f e ll and A .S . H unt (London 1898— )• P P e t r : The F l i n d e r s P e t r i P a p y r i, P t . I , e d . J . P . M ahaffy (R o y al ^ i s h Academy, Cu n n in g h am M em oirs. No. 8 ) ; P t . 2 , ed J . P . M ah affy ( i b i d . , No. 9) P t . 3 , e d . J . P . M ah affy and J .G . Smyly ( i b i d . , No. l l ) ( D u b lin 1891— 1905)

P T eb: T e b tu n is P a p y r i, e d . B .P . G r e n f e ll , A .S . H u n t, J .G . Sm yly, E . J . G oodspeed, London and New York, V o l. I 1902:, V o l. I I 1907, V o l. I l l , P t . I 19 3 3 , P t . I I ( e d . A .S . H u n t, J .G . Sm yly, C .C . E d g a rj London and U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s ) 1938. P a r ts c h (1 9 1 3 ): J o s e f P a r t s c h , " J u r i s t i s c h e L i t e r a t u r t t b e r s i c h t (1 9 0 7 -1 9 1 1 )," A rc h iv f t l r P a p y ru s fo rsc h u n g und V erw andte G e b ie te V o l. V p p . 4 9 7 -5 1 8 . P r e is ig k e (1 9 1 0 ): F r i e d r i c h P r e i s i g k e , G iro w esen im G r ie c h is c h e n Jig y p te n , e n t h a l t e n d K o rn g iro G e ld g iro G ir o b a n k n o ta r ia t m it E in s c h lu s s des A r c h iv w esens ( S c h l e s i e r and S c h w e ic k h a rd t, S t r a s s b u r g ) . (N am enbuch): F r i e d r i c h P r e i s i g k e , Namenbuch, e n t h a l t e n d a l l e g r ie c h is c h e n , l a t e i n i s c h e n , S g y p tis c h e n , h e b rH is c h e n , a r a b i s c h e n und s o n s t ig e n s e m itis c h e n und n i c h t s e m i t i s c h e n M enschennam en, s o w e it s i e i n g r ie c h is c h e n Urkunden ( P a p y r i , O s tr a k a , I n s c h r i f t e n , M u m ie n sc h ild e rn u s w .) Jtg y p ten s s ic h v o rf in d e n . M it einem Anhang von Enno L ittm a n n . (H e id e lb e r g 1 9 2 2 ) . (W B rterbuch) : F r i e d r i c h P r e i s i g k e and Em il K i e s s l i n g , W B rterbuch d e r g r ie c h is c h e n P ap y ru s-U rk u n d en . . . I n s c h r i f t e n , A u f s c h r i f t e n , O s tra k a , M u m ie n sc h ild e r a u s Jig y p te n , von F r i e d r i c h P r e i s i g k e , h e ra u s g e g e b e n von D r. Em il K ie s s lin g ( B e r l i n I 19 2 5 , I I 1 9 2 7 ). (B eso n d ere W B r t e r l i s t e ) : ( i l l 1 9 3 1 ). Raape (1 9 1 2 ): Leo R aap e, Der V e r f a l l d es G r ie c h is c h e n P fa n d e s b e s o n d e rs des G r ie c h is c h - A g y p tis c h e n (W aise n h au s, H a l l e ) . R a b e l (19 0 7 ) : E r n s t R a b e l, H achgeform te R e c h ts g e s c h f if te ( S c h l u s s ) , Z e i t s c h r i f t d e r S a v ig n y - S tif tu n g f tt r R e c h ts g e s c h ic h te , V o l. XXV III, pp # 3 1 1 -3 7 9 . (1 9 0 9 ) : E r n s t R a b e l, Die V erfttg u n g sb esch rfin k u n g en d es V erp fS n d ers b e s o n d e rs i n den P a p y ri ( V e it an d Company, L e i p z i g ) . R e i l ( 1 9 1 3 ): Theodor R e i l , B eitr& g e z u r K e n n tn is d es Gewerbes im h e l l e n i s t i s c h e n Jig y p te n ( D i s s e r t a t i o n , L e ip z ig ; R o b e rt N oske, B o r n a - L e ip z ig ) . R o s t o v t a e f f (1 9 0 5 ): M ic h a il R o s t o v t s e f f , K o rn erh eb u n g u n d - t r a n s p o r t im g r i e c h i s c h rB m isch en J ig y p te n , A rc h iv f tt r P a p y ru s fo rs c h u n g land Vejrwandte G eb iete V o l. I l l p p . 2 0 1 -2 2 4 . (1 9 1 0 ) S tu d ie n z u r G e s c h ic h te des: RBmischen K o lo n a te s , E r s t e s B e ih e f t Zum A rc h iv fU r P a p y ru s fo rsc h u n g und V erw andte G e b ie te . (192:6) The S o c ia l and Economic H is to r y o f th e Roman Em pire (C la re n d o n F r e s s , O x fo rd ). SB: Sammelbuch g r ie o h id u h e r U rkunden a u s Jig y p te n ( b o th i n s c r i p t i o n s and p a p y r i ) , Bd. I , I I e d . F . P r e is ig k e ( S tr a s s b u r g 1913-2-2'.); Bd. I l l (6 0 0 1 -7 2 6 9 ) e d . F . B il a b e l ( B e r l i n and L e ip z ig 192.6-2,7); Bd. I?r (7 2 7 0 -7 5 1 4 ), Bd. V H e ft I (7 5 1 5 7654) e d . F . B il a b e l (H e id e lb e rg 1931,. 1 9 3 4 ). S c h n e b e l (192-5): M ichael S c h n e b e l, D ie L a n d w ir ts c h a f t im h e l l e n i s t i s c h e n A g y p te n , E r s t e r B and: Der B e t r ie b d e r L a n d w ir ts c h a f t m it B e itr a g e n v o n W a lte r O tto und F ran z P lu h a ts c h (C .H . B eck , M u n ich ). S c h u b a rt ( 1 9 1 1 ) : W ilh elm S c h u b a r t, Bap y r i U raecae B e r o l in e n s e s , T ab u lae i n Usum S ch o laru m (M arcus an d W eber, Bonn; P a r k e r and Son, O x fo rd ).

Schw arz (1 9 1 1 ): A ndreas B. S ch w arz, H ypothek und H y p allag m a, B e i tr a g zum P fan d -u n d V o lls tr e c k u n g s r e c h t d e r G r ie c h is c h e n P a p y ri (T e u b n e r,L e ip z i g ) . Spec S cr G rr C .W essely , Papyrorum s c r i p t u r a e g ra e c a e s p e c im in a ( L e ip z ig 1 9 0 0 ). S tu d : C .W essely , S tu d ie n z u r P a lK o g ra p h ie und P ap y ru sk u n d e ( L e ip z ig 1901— ) . TAPA: T r a n s a c tio n s o f th e A m erican P h i l o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a ti o n ( L a n c a s te r ,P a .1 8 6 9 — ) . T au b e n sc h lag (1 9 4 4 ): R ap h ae l T a u b e n sc h la g , The Law o f Greco-Roman E gypt i n th e L ig h t o f th e P a p y ri 332. B .C .-6 4 0 A .D . (H e ra ld S q u are P r e s s , I n c o r p o r a te d , New Y o rk ). Van H eerw erden (1 9 1 0 ): H e n ric u s Van H eerw erd en , L e x ic o n Graecum S u p p le to riu m e t D ia le c tic u m ( S i j t h o f f , L e y d e n ). W a lla c e ( 1 9 3 8 ) : Sherman Le Roy W a lla c e , T a x a tio n i n E g y p t from A u g u stu s to D i o c l e t i a n (P rin c e tib n U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , P r i n c e t o n ) . W est and J o h n so n (1 9 4 4 ): C u rre n c y i n Roman and B y z a n tin e Egypt by L o u is C. W est and A lla n C h e s te r J o h n s o n ( P r in c e t o n U n iv e r s it y P r e s s , P r i n c e t o n ) . Y filcken (1 9 0 1 ): U lr ic h W ilc k e n , A r c h iv f tir P a p y ru s fo rs c h u n g und V erw andte G e b ie te V o l. I p . 154. _________ (1912 I ) see M itte is - W ilc k e n . WO: G rie c h is c h e O str& ka a u s A eg y p ten und N u b ian , U lr ic h W ilc k e n (G ie s e c h te and D e v r ie n t, L e i p z ig - B e r lin 1 8 9 9 ). Zieraann (1 9 1 1 ): F e rd in a n d u s Z iem ann, De e p i s t u la r u m G raecarum f o r m u lis s o lle m n ib u s q u a e s tio n e s s e l e c t a e , D i s s e r t a t i o n e s P h ilo l o g ic a e E a le n s e s V o l. X V III p p . 252-365 (Max N iem ey er, H a l l e ) .

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a p e r io d o f one y e a r fro m C hoiak o f th e 3 4 th y e a r o f A u g u stu s t o C hoiak o f th e 3 5 th y e a r , i . e . , D ecem ber, 4 A.D, t o D ecem ber, 5 A .D .

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The i m p l i c a t i o n i s t h a t th e owner o f th e donkeys w as en g ag ed i n p r i v a t e a n d p o s s i b l y p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a s w e l l , an d was p e rh a p s u n d e r c o n t r a c t on t h e e s t a t e j o i n t l y owned b y L i v ia and G erm anious t o h a u l t o t h e g r a n a r y th e p ro d u ce o f th e t e n a n t f a r m e r s , fro m whom he r e c e iv e d c o m p e n sa tio n i n th e fo rm o f c a r r y in g - o h a r g e s ( ip6petpa ) c o l l e c t e d on th e s p o t b y h i s a g e n t , t h e d r i v e r .

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