The Papers of Henry Clay: Candidate, Compromiser, Elder Statesman, January 1, 1844-June 29 1852 [1 ed.] 9780813147611, 9780813100609

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The Papers of HENRY CLAY

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3he Papers of

HENRY CLAY Melba Porter Hay Editor Carol Reardon Associate Editor

Volume 10

CANDIDATE, COMPROMISER, ELDER STATESMAN January 1, 1844June 29, 1852

THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY

"My ambition is that we may enter a new and larger era of service to humanity." Dedicated to the memory of

JOSIAH KIRBY LILLY 1861-1948 President of Eli Lilly and Company Founder of Lilly Endowment, Inc. Whose wisdom and foresight were devoted to the service of education, religion, and public welfare

ISBN: 978-0-8131-0060-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 59-13605 Copyright © 1991 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Club, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University.

Editorial and Sales Offices: Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008

CONTENTS

Preface Symbols & Abbreviations

Vll IX

THE PAPERS OF HENRY CLAY Calendar of Unpublished Documents

970

Name & Subject Index: Volume lO

985

v

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PREFACE

As senior editor and director of The Papers of Henry Clay since July, 1987, I am greatly indebted to those who have assisted the project. Chief among these is Robert Seager, II, senior editor 1979-1987, who not only trained me in the craft of editing but also selected me as his successor. Dr. Seager, now retired and living in Washington, D.C., remains a consultant for the project and continues to provide unfailing moral support and professional advice. Carol Reardon, associate editor 1987-1989, has cheerfully proofread galleys of this volume from her new post at the University of Georgia. Mackelene G. Smith and Anna B. Perry have continued their superb work as editorial assistants. They were joined in August, 1989, by Kenneth H. Williams, who ably assisted in completing the latter stages of this volume. Also contributing to the project were student typists Kimberly Montgomery, Stacy Greene, Shannon O'Neill, and Angelia Wilson. The editorial policies that guided volumes 7 through 9 are continued in volume 10, except that very brief remarks made on the Senate floor have been placed in the calendar of unpublished documents. As before, a majority of the letters written by Clay, as well as the most important of his incoming mail have been printed in full. A few of the less important letters written by Clay, along with most of the incoming mail and his more extensive remarks in Senate, have been summarized. To help the reader distinguish between the casual and the formal in Clay's Senate statements, his observations have been divided into three categories-remark, comment, or speech-as their length and importance warrant. The Remark in Senate is a brief, offhand, unprepared statement; the Comment in Senate is a more sustained, though extemporaneous, response; the Speech in Senate is an extensive, carefully prepared declaration of his position on an important national issue. Marginal and peripheral Clay materials have been placed in the calendar of unpublished documents, which contains the name of the correspondent, location, and general subject of each item. Every known Clay document for 1844-52 have been printed in full, summarized, or calendared herein. In keeping with the editorial practices established with volume 7, letter headings have been standardized and salutations, closings, and subscriptions have been omitted. Volume and page numbers are omitted in citations of encyclopedias and dictionaries that are arranged alphabetically. Abbreviations used in the footnotes are explained in the table below. All documents, except those calendared, have been extensively cross-referenced and subject indexed. In documents printed in full, cross-references to relevant materials in this and earlier volumes appear in footnotes. In summarized documents cross-references are enclosed in brackets and inserted in the text. Documents printed in full and direct quotations in summaries have been transcribed literally, as far as possible, with no silent emendations. Letters, words, and punctuation marks supplied by the editors for clarifications are inserted in the text within brackets, as are identifying materials such as first names. Vll

The use of sic to denote errors in spelling is limited to proper names and to those rare instances in which a misspelling might cause confusion. Interlineations and raised letters have been lowered to the line and substantive decipherable cancellations have been placed in footnotes. Ellipsis marks at the end of a letter printed in full indicate that a brief social pleasantry, not a part of the closing, has been omitted. Readers should be aware that letters not in Clay's hand often contain errors originating in the work of an amanuensis or copyist. Two more points concerning editorial methodology need to be made. When a letter referred to in the text has not been found, a footnote designating it as "not found" appears only if no date is given for the letter; when a specific date is mentioned, enabling the reader to determine whether the letter referred to actually appears, no footnote is used. Second, when a Clay correspondent or person mentioned in the letters cannot be identified, the notation "not identified" has been inserted after the name in the index. Otherwise, an identification of the person will be found in this or an earlier volume. Cross-references have been supplied to the identifications of many of the less noted persons. A serious effort has been made to identify all Clay correspondents. The editors had hoped to be able to include in this volume the approximately one thousand Clay documents received too late for inclusion in proper chronological sequence in earlier volumes. It became apparent, however, that one volume would not be enough to encompass those letters along with the mass of documents from 1844-52. A supplementary volume will therefore be published. In addition to the recently discovered letters, it will include an errata, a comprehensive bibliography of works cited in the series, and a calendar of Clay artwork, including busts, statues, paintings, and engravings. Finally, the editors and staff sincerely thank the Lilly Endowment, Inc., for its generous support of the early volumes. In addition, we thank the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, the University Press of Kentucky, and Dr. Wimberly C. Royster, vice president for Research and Graduate Studies at the University of Kentucky, for the funds that have made possible the editing and publishing of this volume. Melba Porter Hay May, 1990

viii

SYMBOLS &: ABBREVIATIONS

The following symbols are used to describe the nature of the originals of documents copied from manuscript sources. AD AD draft ADI ADS AE AEI AES AL AL draft ALI ALI copy ALI draft ALS ALS draft AN AN draft ANI draft ANS Copy D DS L

L draft LI draft LS N N draft NS

Autograph Document Autograph Document, draft Autograph Document Initialed Autograph Document Signed Autograph Endorsement Autograph Endorsement Initialed Autograph Endorsement Signed Autograph Letter Autograph Letter, draft Autograph Letter Initialed Autograph Letter Initialed, copy Autograph Letter Initialed, draft Autograph Letter Signed Autograph Letter Signed, draft Autograph Note Autograph Note, draft Autograph Note Initialed, draft Autograph Note Signed Copy not by writer (indicated "true" is so certified) Document Document Signed Letter Letter, draft Letter Initialed, draft Letter Signed Note Note, draft Note signed

The following, from the Symbols Used in the National Union Catalog qfthe Library qf Congress (9th ed., rev.; Washington, 1965), indicate the location of the original documents in institutional libraries of the United States. CBPac CHi CSmH Ct CtHi

Pacific School of Religion, Berkeley, California California Historical Society, San Francisco, California Henry E. Huntington Library and Museum, San Marino, California Connecticut State Library, Hartford, Connecticut Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Connecticut IX

CtHT CtY CU CU-B DCU DeHi DGU DGW DLC DLC-HC DLC-TJC DNA

GU I ICHi ICN

leu

lEN IGK In InHi InNd InU KHi Ky KyBB KyHi KyLo KyLoF KyLxT KyU L-M LNHT LU-Ar MB MBAt MCM MdAA MdBJ MdBP MdHi MeB MeWC MH x

Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut University of California, Berkeley, California University of California, Bancroft Library, Berkeley, California Catholic University of America Library, Washington, D.C. Historical Society of Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware Georgetown University Library, District of Columbia George Washington University Library, District of Columbia Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Library of Congress, Henry Clay Collection Library of Congress, Thomas J. Clay Collection United States National Archives Library, Washington, D.C. Following the symbol for this depository, the letters A and R mean Applications and Recommendations; M, Microcopy; P and D of L, Publication and Distribution of the Laws; R, Reel; and RG, Record Group. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Illinois State Library, Springfield, Illinois Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, Illinois Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois Indiana State Library, Indianapolis, Indiana Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Indiana University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas Kentucky State Library & Archives, Frankfort, Kentucky Berea College, Berea, Kentucky Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort, Kentucky Louisville Free Public Library, Louisville, Kentucky The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Louisiana State Museum Library, New Orleans, Louisiana Tulane University Library, New Orleans, Louisiana Louisiana State University, Department of Archives and Manuscripts, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts Boston Athenaeum, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Hall of Records. Archives, Annapolis, Maryland Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Maryland Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, Maryland Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine Colby College, Waterville, Maine Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

MH-BA MHi MiD MiU MiU-C MnHi Mo MoSHi MoSW MoU MWA MWiW NBuHi Nc-Ar NcU NGos NhD NhHi NHi NIC NjHi NjMoHP NjP NjR NN NNC NRHi NRU NUtM

o

OC OCHP OCIWHi OFH OHi OTU PHarH PHC PHi PP PPiu PPL PPPrHi PPRF

Harvard University, Graduate School of Business Administration Library Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts Detroit Public Library, Detroit, Michigan University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota Missouri State Library, Jefferson City, Missouri Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Missouri Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts Buffalo Historical Society, Buffalo, New York North Carolina State Department of Archives and History, Raleigh, North Carolina University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Goshen Library and Historical Society, Goshen, New York Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire New Hampshire Historical Society, Concord, New Hampshire New-York Historical Society, New York City Cornell University, Ithaca, New York New Jersey Historical Society, Newark, New Jersey Morristown Edison National Historical Park, Morristown, New Jersey Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Rutgers-The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey New York Public Library, New York City Columbia University, New York City Rochester Historical Society, Rochester, New York University of Rochester, Rochester, New York Munson-Williams-Procter Institute, Utica, New York Ohio State Library, Columbus, Ohio Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Cincinnati, Ohio Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, Cincinnati, Ohio Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio Rutherford B. Hayes Library, Fremont, Ohio Ohio State Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Free Library of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Library Company of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Rosenbach Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Xl

PSC PSC-Hi PU PWbH RPB Sc ScU THaroL THi TxDaHi Vi ViHi ViU ViW VtHi WHi Wv-Ar

Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania Swarthmore College, Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island South Carolina State Library, Columbia, South Carolina University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee Tennessee Historical Society, Nashville, Tennessee Dallas Historical Society, Dallas, Texas Virginia State Library, Richmond, Virginia Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia Vermont Hstorical Society, Montpelier, Vermont State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin West Virginia Department of Archives and History Library, Charleston, West Virginia

The following abbreviations are used in the footnotes of this volume:

AHA BDAC BDGUS CAB DAB DNB FCHQ GHQ HRDUSA IHQ JAH JER JNH JSAH JSH LHQ MHM MPP

xu

Alabama Historical Quarterly Biographical Directory rif the American Congress 1774-1961 Biographical Directory rifthe Governors of the United States 1789-1978. Robert Sobel & John Raimo, eds. Westport, Ct.: Meckler Books, 1978 Cyclopedia rif American Biography. James G. Wilson & John Fiske, eds.New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1888 Dictionary of American Biography. Allen Johnson, ed. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1927, 1964 Dictionary of National Biography. Sir Leslie Stephen & Sir Sidney Lee, eds. London: Oxford University Press, 1917 Filson Club History Quarterly Georgia Historical Quarterly Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army 1789-1903. Reprint ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1965 Illinois Historical Quarterly Journal rif American History Journal rif the Early Republic Journal rif Negro History Journal rif the Society 'rif Architectural Historians Journal rif Southern History Louisiana Historical Quarterly Maryland Historical Magazine A Compilation rifthe Messages and Papers rifthe Presidents 1789-1902. James D. Richardson, compo lO vo1s. Washington: Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1904

NCAB NCHR NEGHR OH PMHB RKHS SCHM THQ VMHB WMH WMQ WPHM

National Cyclopedia of American Biography. New York: James T. White & Company, 1898 North Carolina Historical Register New England Historical and Genealogical Register Ohio History Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography Register of the Kentucky Historical Society South Carolina Historical Magazine Tennessee Historical Quarterly Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Wisconsin Magazine of History William and Mary Quarterly Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine

Xlll

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[[he Papers of

HENRY CLAY To UNKNOWN RECIPIENT [1844] I am not a professor of religion; and, as I have remarked on all occasions, I regret that I am not; I hope that I s[h]all be. The longer I live the more sensible I become of its utility; the more profoundly penetrated with its truth; the more entirely convinced that the religion of Christ, is of all religions, best; and it alone can af[f]ord us an adequate solace in the hour of affliction[.] Copy. NjHi.

To Octavia Walton LeVert, Mobile, January I, 1844. Thanks her for her letter introducing and recommending the artist [James H.] Wise. Regrets that he must postpone sitting for Wise "until a future period." Looks forward to seeing her and her husband, Dr. [Henry] LeVert, again in Mobile about February 20. ALS. KyU. Written from New Orleans. Clay arrived in Mobile on February 26, 1844, remaining there until March 5. For the LeVerts, see her entry in NCAB, 6:440-41 and Edward T. James et al. (eds.), Notable American Women, 1607-1950, A Biographical Dictionary, 4 vols. (Cambridge, Mass., vols. 1-3, 1971; vol. 4, 1980), 2:394-95. Wise's full-length portrait of Clay, best known through John Sartain's engraving, was executed some time before March 15, 1844, when it was announced in the newspaper. See Washington Daily National1ntelligencer, March 15, 1844; and Clifford Amyx, "The Portraits of Henry Clay." 2 vols. Typed. Profusely Illustrated. Special Collections, University of Kentucky Library, 1980, vol. A: 1.86. On January 6, 1844, Clay again wrote Mrs. LeVert from New Orleans, thanking her for her letter of January 4, giving his proposed travel schedule in January (to and from Lafourche Parish, January 8-15; to and from Natchez,January 22-29) and accepting her kind invitation to stay at the LeVerts' home when he reaches Mobile. Hopes he can see her if she visits New Orleans prior to his going to Mobile. Notes that he is staying at the house of Dr. William N. Mercer in Carondelet Street, near the St. Charles Hotel. ALS. KyU. From William Browne, Fredericksburg, Va., January 5, 1844. Encloses an invitation from the local Clay Club to stop and visit Fredericksburg on his journey from Raleigh to Washington. Assures him that the club, "certainly the first in Virginia," has a large and enthusiastic membership. Agrees with Clay that the club members "regret that a 'necessity should exist for appealing to the feelings & passions of our fellow citizens, rather than to their reasons & their judgments,' to secure the triumph of our Friend & our principles-But we must plead full justification in seizing on and using the most effective weapons in our reach, without a too strict enquiry into their legitimacy, when our principles & our best interests are threatened with ruin & destruction-" Copy. KyU. Addressed to Clay in New Orleans. For Browne, see 4:109. On February 6, 1844, Clay replied to Dr. Browne with thanks, refusing the invitation because he "may not pass that way" and because "The continued excitement, incident to my meeting, successively, large concourses of my fellow Citizens is

prejudicial to my strength and health." Notes that the trip "has drawn me much more before the public than I wished to have been." ALS. KyU.

From Francis Y. Porcher, Charleston, S.C., January 6, 1844. On behalf of the Clay Club of Charleston, invites him to visit their city "and give us as much of your time as you may have at your disposal." Comments on Clay's long service to his country, and says that "we believe that you are especially calculated at the present juncture of our political affairs to preside over our wide extended country, to harmonize conflicting interests, to reconcile sectional prejudices and jealousies, and to draw still closer those ties which- alone constitute us a great, a happy and a powerful nation." Adds that the Clay Club of Charleston anticipates "all these national benefits from your administration" and desires "to give you in advance ... their confidence and profound respect." Copy. Printed in Charleston The Courier, March 9, 1844. Clay replied from New Orleans on February 5, 1844, accepting the invitation and saying he hoped his reception would be "private and unceremonious." Plans to stay there two or three days but cannot yet designate the day of his arrival. Ibid. See Speech in Charleston, April 6, 1844. Porcher was a physician in Charleston and a leading Unionist during the nullification crisis of 1832-33, although by 1860 he had become a secessionist. James Petigru Carson, Life, Letters, and Speeches ifJames Louis Petigru (Washington, D.C., 1929), 60, 72, 320, 363. From Jared S. Dawson, Bellefontaine, Ohio,January 17,1844. Responds to Clay's inquiry about the value of his lands in Logan County, Ohio [9:368-69]. Reports that he has examined the tract, in company with the tenant who lives thereon, and opines that it would bring four to five dollars per acre if sold now, although its true value is nearly twice that. Advises Clay not to sell. Points out, however, that the tenant has cleared and/or inclosed about 48 acres and that he should be charged $40 rent in cash and kind for 1844. He should be asked to pay the taxes on the property and work out the balance of the rent due by cutting rails to sell or to repair the fencing. The tenant, who has had "peac[ e] able possession of the premises for 20 years," has countered with an offer of $30 annual rent. "I gave him 20 days to think on the subject." ALS. DLC-TJC (DNA, M212, RI4). For Dawson, a land agent and prominent resident of Bellefontaine, see History if Logan County and Ohio (Chicago, 1880), 345,510.

To WILLIAM C. PRESTON

New Orleans, January 19, 1844 [Outlines his proposed journey from New Orleans through Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina (Raleigh), Virginia, to Washington. Con tinues: ] 1 This tour2 has been undertaken with great reluctance, on account of causes exclusively personal to myself. Among them is, my distrust of my physical strength to bear the excitements incident to the journey. I must therefore entreat my friends to spare me as much as possible, which I hope they will not hesitate to do in So. Carolina, as I do not expect it entertains any design to vote for or kill me, altho' I have great fears of the generous hospitality which, notwithstanding, I am sure it will be disposed to extend to me. Our friend [Alexander] Porter is gone-a great loss public & private, and one of my best and truest friends. With a majority of one or two on joint ballot in the Louisiana Legislature, I nevertheless entertain some fears that we may not get a Whig Successor.... 3

2

ALS. NcD. I. On Jan. 6, 1844, writing from New Orleans Clay informed the Clay Club of Montgomery, Ala., that he plans to leave for Mobile on Feb. 25 and would depart from there on March I, 2, or 3, "according to circumstances." Adds: "You can judge better than I the requisite time to make the voyage to Montgomery." Copy. Printed in Washington Daily National Intelligencer, Feb. 5, 1844. On March 10, 1844, from Shade Grove near Columbus, Ga., Clay wrote to Dr. F.M. Robertson, outlining the proposed itinerary for his travel through Georgia. Copy. Printed in Jonesborough (Tenn.) Whig, and Independent Journal, March 27, 1844. On April 10, 1844, Clay wrote Samuel Mordecai in Petersburg, Va., saying that he plans to leave Raleigh for Petersburg on the 18th and arrive there that night. Copy. Printed in Richmond Enquirer, April 16, 1844. 2. Clay left New Orleans for Mobile, Ala., on Feb. 24, 1844. He arrived in Mobile the following day and remained there until March 5 when he left for Montgomery. From there he traveled to Columbus, Ga., where he arrived on March II and remained until March 14. He made a speech in Macon on March 18 and one in Milledgeville on March 19. He arrived in Savannah on March 21, leaving there for Augusta on March 25. On April I he arrived in Columbia, S.C., and moved on to Charleston on April 6. He traveled to Wilmington, N.C., on April 9 or 10 and left there for Raleigh on April 10 or II, arriving in Raleigh on April 12. He left there for Petersburg, Va., on April 18 which he reached the same day. He left Petersburg for Norfolk on April 20, was detained by fog, and got to Norfolk on the 21st. On April 23 he 3. Alexander made a speech in Portsmouth, Va. He reached Washington, D.C., on April 26. Porter had died on Jan. 13, 1844. The Louisiana legislature met on Jan. 29 and elected Whig Henry Johnson to replace him in the U.S. Senate. Johnson took the seat on Feb. 12, 1844. BDAC; Washington Daily National Intelligencer, Feb. 1,8, 1844.

To JAMES BROWN CLAY New Orleans, January 22, 1844 I received your two letters of the 4h. and 9h. instant. but I have received none from Thomas [Hart Clay). Henry [Clay, Jr.] will write you about his horse. I should be glad if you would make some equitable arrangement with Bradleyl to take the Woodpecker filly. I send you enclosed a power of Atto. from Henry to sign one and endorse another note for $5000 which I left with you to be discounted at the N[ orthern]. Bank [of Kentucky] along with two others that I also left. I wish you to attend to that business particularly, I think the 20h. Feb. is the time. I also enclose the first number of a draft for the sum of$ 2 to pay the discount on t,he four notes. 3 The second I will send via Washn. City. 'It will be time, on my return home, to decide on your proposal about Water retting hemp. In the mean time, I expect Mr. [Albert] Florea to put in Hemp all the hemp ground I have, including the new ground & piece at Mansfield. Tell Thomas that I think he had better make a contract with Mr _ _ (I forget his name) of Clarke [sic, Clark County] for his Crop of hemp offered us, at the market price between the time of the delivery and the first of Sept. paying interest upon every ten tons from time to time as delivered. I think the probability is that hemp will fall below rather than rise above the price of four dollars at which you state it now to be. My health has been generally good but I am suffering just now with cold & its effects. I shall leave here about the 20h. next month. Any letters for me after the IOh. had better be addressed to me at Augusta Georgia via Washn. until the IOh. March, after that to Charleston until the 25h. March, after that to Raleigh until the 10th ApI. & after that to Washn. Poor Judge [Alexander] Porter is dead, and I regret that uncertainty should exist about his successor.4 A rumor has got into circulation, I believe without foundation, that he has left me a legacy.... [P.S.] Since writing the above, I have received a letter from Thomas. 5 And I wish you would say to him to try and engage both [James] Shelby and [Philip B.] Hockadays hemp on the terms I have proposed above. 3

ALS. DLC-TJC (DNA, M212, RIO). Printed in Calvin Colton, The Lift, Correspondence, and Speeches of Henry Clay, 6 vols. (New York, 1864),4:483-84. I. Possibly James L. Bradley who owned a stable on the Maysville Turnpike, six miles from Lexington. Lexington Observer & Kentucky Reporter, May 4, 1844. 2. Figure omitted in text. 3. See 9:789-90, 806-7. 4. Clay to Preston, Jan. 19, 1844. 5. Not found.

From James Morrison Harris, Baltimore, January 22, 1844. Thanks him for his letter of December 1, 1843, in which Clay had stated that the remission of the legacy from the estate of "Aunt Morrison" [Esther Montgomery (Mrs. James) Morrison] would occur in about March or April, 1844. Points out that he has two outstanding $600 notes, both held by George Baughman, a personal friend, that will be coming due at about that same time. Adds that both are secured by the expected legacy. Asks Clay to hold the legacy subject to Baughman's order. Copy. DLC-TJC (DNA, M212, RI4). Addressed to Clay in New Orleans. Endorsed by Clay: "Sent a check fOJr $1500 on the Bank of Philada. 30h. March 1844 payable to both. H.C." For Harris, see 3:740. Baughman, who dealt in commercial transactions, lived in the 9th ward of Baltimore. Population Schedules of the Sixth Census of the United States (M704, RI60), vol. 3. To Clement Carrington et ai., New Orleans, January 23,1844. Regrets that he will not be able to accept their invitation to greet the members of the Clay Club of Charlotte County, Virginia, after his visit in Raleigh, N.C., in April. Is pleased to learn from them, however, that the people of Charlotte are now "candidly reviewing their former opinions adverse to a protective tariff; and that many ofthem are disposed now to believe that reasonable and moderate protection, short of prohibition, is beneficial to the Consumer by augmenting the supply. The nonexistence of Manufactures in the U. States would leave to Foreign Countries a monopoly, in the supply of American consumption. The prohibition of the fabrics of Foreign Countries would transfer that monopoly to the Home manufactures in the United States; but the monopoly would be modified and moderated, progressively, by competition arising at home. The true interests of the Consumer are best promoted by a compet[it]ion between the Foreign and the National supply. The inevitable tendency of that competition is to reduce prices, as all experience has demonstrated. A duty never augments the price, to the extent of its amount, but in the case of an inadequate supply of the article, on which it is imposed, to the demand for that article. But the reduction of prices is not the only, nor the greatest, advantage of the establishment of Manufactures in our Country. They create an ability to purchase those cheaper articles, by the Home market which arises for the products of Agriculture and oflabor." ALS. InU.

To JAMES B. CLAY New Orleans, january 24, 1844 I sent the other day a power of Atto: from Henry [Clay,jr.] to you to,execute on his part the notes for $5000. which I left with you for renewal with the N[orthern]. Bank ofK[entucky]' and also the first number of a draft of which I now enclose the second for the sum of $511:50 to pay the discount on the four notes. I I hope that business will have your particular attention. ALS. DLC-TJC (DNA, M212, RIO).

I. Clay to James B. Clay, Jan. 22,1844.

To JOHN J. CRITTENDEN New Orleans, january 24, 1844 I received your f