The National Cyclopaedia of Biography being athe History of the United States [16]

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA Oi AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 1

VOLUME

XVI.

THE NATIONAL

CYCLOPAEDIA OF AMERICAN

BIOGRAPHY BEING THE

HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIVES OF THE FOUNDERS, BUILDERS, AND DEFENDERS OF THE REPUBLIC, AND OF THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO ARE

DOING THE WORK AND MOULDING THE THOUGHT OF THE PRESENT TIME

EDITED BY

DISTINGUISHED BIOGRAPHERS, SELECTED PROM EACH STATE REVISED AND APPROVED BY THE MOST EMINENT HISTORIANS, SCHOLARS. AND STATESMEN OF THE DAY

VOLT ME XVI

t

NEW YORK

JAMES

T.

WHITE

&

COMPANY

31744 A

COPTEIGHT, 1918,

By JAMES

T.

WHITE

& COMPANY.

THE NA1TOXAL CYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN MOGRAPHY.

SMITH, Joseph, founder and first president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly known as the Mormon Church, was born near Sharon, Vi., Dec. -". 1805, sun of Joseph and Mack) Smith. When he was about ten Lucy (

stroyed by the savage Lamanites, who were the progentors of the American Indians. Joseph claimed to have received from Moroni knowledge of an ancient record, engraved upon metallic plates and hidden in a hill near his father's home. Eventually these plates were delivered into his hands, with interpreters, Trim and Thnmniim, by the aid of which under divine inspiration he translated the record into English and gave to the world the Book of Mormon. It was so named after the Nephite prophet Mormon, father of Moroni. Mormon had compiled and abridged the records of his people: and Moroni concealed the plates in the Hill Cumorah, whence Joseph Smith took them

years old his parents removed to Palmyra, N. Y., and four years later settled at Manchester, in the same state. Joseph worked as a farm hand. He had little education, but was spiritually-minded, and, parti; through the influence of a religious revival held in his neighborhood', became exercised Several u|Kin the Subject of his soul's salvation. of his lather's family were proselyted to the l'res byterian faith. Joseph himself was inclined toward Methodism, bul forbore to join any of the as the angel directed. The hill in question is bemvi>. Perplexed by the conflicting claims of the tween Palmyra and Manchester, New York, and various Christian chinches, he sought a solution among the inhabitants of that section is known as in the Scriptures an. was particularly impressed "Mormon Hill." For their belief in the Hook of by a passage in the epistle of -lames, reading as Mormon, the followers of Joseph Smith were follows: "It any of you lack wisdom, let him ask termed "Mormons" and their religion "Mormon ism." Their proper name is The Church of Jesus of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and up Ill sim The Hook of MorChrist of Latter day Saint-. braideth not, ami it shall lie given him." pie faith he resolved to pu1 the promise to the mon tells how the Savior, after his resurrection, test. Retiring tor that purpose to the woods, near appeared to the NephiteS, organized His Church his father- home, he bowed himself in prayer. among them, and revealed the destiny of America, According to his account, he had no sooner begun the Land of Zion, where a holy city. New .lerusa to pray than he was seized upon by a power which lem, is to he luiilt by a gathering of scattered had the effect of paralyzing his tongue so that he Israel, prior to the COming of the Lord. The could no longer speak; but finding his thoughts Nephite record, containing the fulness of the His dispel 01 Christ, as delivered to that ancient unfettered, lie continued to pray in silence. persistency was rewarded by a glorious vision in people, i- a history of this chosen land and a which two heavenly personages appeared to him, prophecy of it- future. Joseph Smith affirms one of whom, pointing to the other, said: "This that while the Hook of Mormon was being trans i- my beloved Son. Hear him." The I"'.* wa- told late, I, in which work Oliver Cowdery. a young to join DOne of the churches then Upon earth, as schoolmaster, acted as hi- scribe, John the Baptist, they had all gone "ill of the way, but to lode the as an angel from Cod. conferred upon him and of 'in the priesthood the restoration of the pure Gospel, and the (liner Cowdcry laron, em true Church of Christ. powering them to preach repentance and to baptize of the reestablishmenl In immersion for the remission of -in-. This was in the spring of 1820. The date Joseph's state ineiit goo- on to tell him, on the given for tin- event is May 15, 1829, So, night id Sept. si :;, he recievod the visitation "i an angel, who ward the higher or Melrhi/odok priest h was gave his name as M.inoii, and announced himself conferred upon them by three other heavenly as the last of many prophets who hail ministered messengers, the Apostles Peter, James and John. upon the American continent in a branch of the This higher pi iest lined authorized them to he-tow House of Israel, who, undet the prophet Lehi, had the Holj Ghosl upon all baptized believers in their a led from Jerusalem about 600 B.( Lehi's testimony; and to organize ami build up the n lent 'hrist. Ihurch of Jesus Olivei Cowderj colony had by dissension into parties which developed into two powerful nations known Joseph Smith- declaration. Chieflj through as ti\ei\ Lnmanites after instrumentality of these two young men, the Nephite- and res] "t the SaintLatter two l.ehi's Church was organized at sons. The and I.ainan, oi day Nephi Phe Hook of record revealed through Moroni Bets forth that the Payette, New York. Apr. 6, 1830 descendants of Lehi inhabited South and North Mormon promised that three spei al witni ho-, a to behold tin' plate, from which it America down to the beginning "t the fifth century would alter Christ, when the .Nephite nation was de- was trau-late. I. and thai the-, plates would bo I

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.1 member of the Leg hear of him in New York city, where he published a weekly paper called "The .Mormon," in which he defended the faith and character of the Saints. In 1856, when congress \\;is inemnrnli/ed for the admission of Utah into the Union as the state of Deseret, .lohn Taylor was one of the delegates ehoseu to present the petition at the seat ol government. He continued his labors in the Eastern States, organizing branches of the Church and forwarding emigrants until the latter pari of 1857, when he returned to Utah. Johnston's army was then approaching the territory, and one of the interesting episodes of that period was a correspondence between Elder Taylor anil ('apt. Many, U. S. A. lie was in the general move south that followed, and took an active part in the conference between Gov. Young and the peace commissioners, which resulted in an adjustment of the pending difficulties and the return of the people to their homes. John Taylor continued his service in the Territorial Legislature, and was speaker of the house for live consecutive sessions. From ISO'S to 1870 he was probate judge of Utah county. In 1S69 he answered, through the press, speeches and articles by Vice-Pres. Colfax, The year 1872 assailing the Mormon religion. found him serving as superintendent of public schools. He was also president of the Twelve Apostles, .and in 1877, at the death of Brigham Young, he came to the front as that great man's successor at the head of the Latter-day Church. Pres. Taylor's formal installation occurred in October, 1880, when he chose as his counselors George Q. Cannon and Joseph F. Smith. In the midst of his multifarious ecclesiastical duties he continued

pie

his

In Council.

in 1853.

Lslative

literary

ls.~,l

We

activity,

Ik-

was

next

producing "The Mediation

and Atonement," "Items on Priesthood," and various articles for magazines, among them "A De-

fense of the Mormon People," which w-as published in the "North American Review." During Pres. Taylor 's administration the antibigamy law of 1862 was declared constitutional by the

United States supreme court, and this was supplemented by further legislation against plural marriage, enacted by Congress in 1882 and 1887. Believing this legislation to be unconstitutional, since it infringed upon "an establishment of religion," Pres. Taylor took a firm stand in opposition thereto, and advised his people to contend legally, inch

by inch, for their constitutional rights.

The advice was faithfully followed, until every question arising out of the new enactments and their severe enforcement had been passed upon by the court of last resort. During this troubled period Pres. Taylor made a tour through the Mormon settlements in Arizona, where he gave the same counsel to his people, and then, after a trip into Mexico, where he called on Gov. Torres at Hermosillo, he set out for Utah, by way of Cali-

CY< 'LOl'.EDI A

II" was the father of several families, his children sons aggregating and thirty-four twenty-two twelve daughters. In person he was nearly six feet in height, and His manfinely proportioned, ners were affable and gracious, his bearing dignilie was a very determined man. fied, possessed of indomitable courage and a fortitude; logical thinker, an able writer, and an impressive speaker. His life was a constant light in the cause of religious and civil liberty.

WOODRUFF,

Wilford, fourth president of the at Farmington (now

Mormon Church, was born Aj son of

,

Hart

for,

I

county,

Conn.,

Mar.

1,

1807,

a

Aphek and Beulah (Thompson) Woodruff.

family was among the earliest to settle in that region. Young Woodruff attended the village school, and until his twentieth year assisted Ins who was a miller. He then took charge of father, the mill himself and conducted it until his removal to Oswego county, X. Y.. when' in 1832 he engaged in tanning. He had always been serious and thoughtful, and in the midst of a busy, bustling life, found time to meditate deeply on religion. Ilis

Dissatisfied with existing denominations, he was Idled, he tells us, with an earnest longing to discover the true Church of Christ. In December. 1833, he first heard the Gospel preached by two

Mormon elders, namely, Zera Pulsipher and Elijah Cheney. Convinced of the truth of their teachings, he was baptized and confirmed on the first day of the new year, and next day received his first ordination, that of teacher. Early in April, lie repaired to Kirtland, O., where he was kindly welcomed by Joseph Smith; and in May set out with Zion's Camp for Missouri. Ordained a priest in November, 1834, and thus empowered to preach the Gospel, he started Jan. 13, 1835, on a missionary tour through Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, his companion being Elder Harry Brown. He traveled during the year .'1,248 miles, absolutely "without purse or scrip," threading forests, wading through swamps, and bearing every hardship and danger with the utmost fortitude, for a distance of 125 miles they drifted down the Arkansas river in a canoe they had made from a Cottonwood tree, and on this tour held 170 meetings, baptized 43 persons, and organized three new branches of the Church. At one point in the journey Wilford Woodruff encountered an apostate Mormon, one Alexander Akeman, who assailed him with abusive epithets and "fell dead as if struck by lightning" while denouncing the young missionary. On June 28, 1835, Wilford Woodruff was ordained an elder under the hands of Elder Warren Parrish, whom he met in Tennessee. From Kirtland, in May, 1837, Elder Woodruff started on a mission to Maine and the Fox Islands, and during the next two years preached and organized branches there, also in Boston, Providence and New York. Visiting his native town, he baptized many of his former neighbors and some relatives, among the latter

met him warning him not to was in contemplation but he his father, step-mother, and sister. While at North continued on his way to Salt Lake City, and there Vinal Haven, Aug. 6, 1830, he received notice of on Sunday, Feb. 1, 1885, he delivered at the Taber- his call to the apostleship, and at the head of a of converts nacle his last public discourse, before retiring from company fifty-three immediately He and his associates maintained started for the headquarters of the Church, which, public view. that they had broken no law, but were not willing having been expelled from Missouri, was being Some time before that to be tried while the law was oppressively and established in Illinois. unfairly administered. For two and one-half years expulsion the apostles had been directed to start Pres. Taylor directed the affairs of the Church from Far W est upon a mission to Europe, their But it was without reappearing in public, ami finally died in departure to be on a certain date. exile, July 25, 1SS7, at the home of Thomas F. now as much as a Mormon's Ufe was worth Pres. Taylor's to be seen in Missouri, and those who had driven Rouehe, near Kaysville, Utah. residence in Salt Lake City was a handsome and the Saints vowed that no such departure should stately structure known as "The Gardo House." take place. Before daybreak of the day appointed, fornia. Dispatches return, as his arrest

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.Uvrf^Qfi^t^

^rU^vJm

OF

AMERICAN

BIOGRAPHY.

of the famous Manifesto, withdrawing 1890, Church sanction from the further Bolemnization of plural marriages. The event was speedily followed W fiscated by the return of the Church property under the operations of the Edmunds Tucker law, the abatement of much of the bitterness dividing Mormons and lion Mormons, the dissolution of local political parties, the general alignment of the people in the great national bodies, and the admission of Utah into the Union as a state, .Ian. 1896. Meanwhile Pres. W I, bull', in April, 1893, had superintended the dedication of the Salt Lake Temple, which had been forty years in course of construction. In the autumn of the same year he and his counselors, with the tabernacle choir, attended the World's Fair in Chicago, stopping off in Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, and Worcester- en route at Independence, Jackson county, Misshire, including nil the United Brethren but one, souri, from which place the Latter-day Saints had and over one hundred preachers of different de- been ruthlessly driven slxtv years before. It is an Dominations were baptized into the Church. After interesting fart that Wilford Woodruff, who as a visiting London and Manchester, he set out upon young priest on his way to the southern staleMs return to America, sailing from Liverpool, Apr. had to conceal his identity as a Mormon while 21, 1841, and landing at New York. May 20th. passing tl gh Jackson county in 1835, now. as lie first went to Scarborough, Me., where he had the head of the Mormon Church, was treated with the utmost courtesy ami consideration while traleft his family two years before, and then journeyed to Xauvoo, III., arriving there Oct. 5th. versing that identical section. The mayor of In;h of welcome, During the same month he became a member of dependence greeted him with a -| the City Council, and in February, 1842, was and the citizens in general heartily participated in the in the of and business department kind placed charge of hospitable ovation. During the Utah "The Times and Seasons." From July to October, Pioneer Jubilee, in duly, 1897, I'res. Iruff from he was on lsti'. and again unveiled the Pioneer Monument at Salt Lake City, August, 1843, tl was still in astem on labor and missions states, and duly 24, 1898, delivered a speech at the dedication of Pioneer Square, one of the parks of in;; in that field when he learned of the murder Two months alter Smith. Salt Lake City. This was his last public act. Of Joseph and Hymm A the martyrdom, he was sent on another mission lew days later lie set out for the Pacific Coast in his to join to England, and returned in ti people search of change and rest, but he was there taken f the in their exodus from Illinois. and breathed his last in San Francisco, Cal., He was ,,i ill. Lake Pres. Woodruff's character was valley with Rrig- Sept. -. lsos. pioneers who entered Salt in n mi Young, July -!, 1847, and it was his light Btrong and practical, and he was honored and bewas reclining, loved, even by those not of his religious belief, for spring wagon that the sick leader when he caught his first glimpse of this now hi- sterling integrity; simplicity of life, and faithfamous region. From 1848, Elder Woodruff was ful adherence to his convictions of right and truth. on a two-years' mission in the east, and having SNOW, Lorenzo, fifth president of the Mormon returned, was elected in November, 1850, a senator Church, was a native of Mantua. Portage county, of the provisional state of heseret. Subsequently (i.. where he was born Apr. .:, 1814. His patents, he was lor twenty-one years a member of the Oliver and Leonora Pettibone) Snow, were "f When not preaching, or Puritan de-cent. lie received an academic educaterritorial legislature. acting as a legislator, he passed his time farming, tion at Ravenna, in his native state, and a' This exploring ami colonizing. He was president of the age of twenty. me entered oi.erlin College. Utah Horticultural Society from it- founding in institution, then in it- infancy uld not afford the ami of the lies,. ret Agricultural ami Mann advantages that he desired, and he left in 1836 Is.",.",, facturing Society, which came into existence a year with the intention of entering some college in the huff kept a daily journal, which ea-t. later. Elder W Before putting his purpose into effect, he has since Berved as a veritable mine of informs K ii land. (>.. partlj t.. Bee In- -i-tei Eliza tion upon church ami Btate matters. In is?.", lie B. Snow, wh.. reside. there, and partly to survey was appointed Church Historian, and held thai the advantages for education offered in the scl Is The position until iii- accession to the presidency of the established by Joseph Smith the Prophet. 'in tl Church, ompletion of the si, rge result was hi- conversion t.. Mormonism, which his had embraced sum.' time before, lie Temple, the firsl edifice of its kind in Utah, Be was placed in charge of it, and 'here, with his u work aim. -' in liately, travi usual zeal, devoted himself to vicarious Bervice in from place to place without pur-i' or scrip, after the manner of tin- ancient Church ordinances in behalf of bis deceased an lie mo apostles, ors. n, and Upon the death of I'm-. John Taylor, With the main body of the I'hin. h t.. \l Wilford hull', being the senior member of the was in the exodufi of the Latter day Saints from

however, Brigham Young and others of the Twelve, led to Par West, held crossing the state line, pro< :i meeting on the deserted temple lot, ordained in IV and George A. Smith apostles, Wilford and Btarted upon their mission "across the great waters," the mob leaders being fast asleep. The In England, after labordate was Apr. 26, 1839. ing successfully in Staffordshire, Elder Woodruff went into Worcestershire, where he found a religious hoily known as The l'nite.1 I'.rethren, having an extensive membership and forty-five ordained preachers. Among other distinctive tenets they held thai the Church of Christ 'li'l aot exist in its fulness on earth, circumstance affording an exceptional opportunity to this devoted missionary. Within eight months ever eighteen hundred persons

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Council of the Twelve, ame th>' presiding officer "i the hurch. He was formally sustained as president of the Church, with George Q. Cannon I

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and Joseph

F.

Smith as

i

nselors, at

the general

It 1889. was under his April, direction, in 1888, that the General Church B Education was instituted to direct the act of the great Church Scl system founded by I'res. young and his associates, The most impor 'it event of his life, from the viewpoint ol e in genera] public, was the issui September,

conference

in

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that slate. II 1840, after they were e-tablished ill Illinois, he was -cut on a 1111--1011 to Great Britain, to a i-t the apostles then laboring in that land. lie was made [on Conference, president of the 1 I

and most of hi- missionary work was confined to that city ami it- environs. Subsequently he was

Pn -. Parlej Pratt, in charge of the he same relation to his mission, and held In Isil he successor. published a pamphlet, "The

counseloi to

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Only ous

Way

to be

editions

Saved." which appeared and was translate. into 1

in

numer-

German,

THE

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NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

In charge French, Italian, Danish and Swedish. of a company of 250 (-(inverts, on a specially chartered vessel, he returned to America, arriving at Nauvoo in the spring of 1843. There he became active and prominent in civic and ecclesiastical affairs. He had leanings toward a military life, and as early as 1832 had been commissioned a lieutenant in the Ohio militia, by the governor of that state. Later he became captain of a company in the Nauvoo Legion. Having had some experience as a pedagogue before leaving Ohio, he continned teaching at Nauvoo, where he took charge of a grammar school. During the presidential campaign of 1844, he electioneered in Ohio for The ProJoseph Smith, one of the candidates. phet's murder put an end to the activities of his friends in that direction, and then followed the exodus of the Mormon people from Illinois and their flight into the wilderness. Elder Snow was

vanguard of those who set out upon that great pilgrimage, but was delayed by illness and did not reach Salt Lake valley until 1848, when he arrived at the head of a train of one hundred wagons. In the work of founding and building up the state of Deseret, subsequently the territory of "tali, he was a leader, one of the foremost colonizers and statesmen. Ordained to the apostleship in February, 1840, he was appointed to establish a mission in. Italy and adjacent countries, and on the 25th of November, 1850, in company with three other elders, he organized the Italian Mission, on a snow-crowned peak overlooking the valley of Piedmont. His first converts were among the historic Waldenses. Thence his work spread to Switzerland and other parts. He caused the Book of Mormon and several of his pamphlets to be translated and published in Italian, and wrote home a series of letters descriptive of the He sent missionaries to Calcutta and country. Bombay, and made arrangements for a missionary to labor on the island of Malta. He returned to T'tah in July, 1852. Elected that year a member of the house of representatives, he was returned to every subsequent session of the legislature until 1882 three times to the house, twenty-three to the Council and most of the time was president of the last named body. In the intervals of other duties and occupations he continued his work as a school teacher, and in 1853 became principal of the Salt Lake High School. In 1854 55 he organized the Polysophical Society of Salt Lake City and became its president. In 1855 he led fifty families to the present site of Brigham City, where a small settlement had previously been formed. There he in the

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and when Box Elder county was organized he represented it in the legislature. Elder Snow was within three days of his fiftieth anniversary when he met with on almost fatal accident. He was on a mission to the Sandwich Islands, and on Mar. 31, 1864, was attempting to land at Lahaina on the Island of Maui, when an immense breaker capsized the boat in which he and his party were approaching the shore. He and the captain were practically drowned, but were taken from the waves and after much labor resuscitated. Upon his return from the Islands he organized the Brigham City Mercantile & Manufacturing Association, a system of cooperation that was phenomenally It had many industrial branches, of successful. which the people were the owners, and a condition of thrift, comfort and general prosperity preIn 1872, vailed for a period of twenty years. Lorenzo Snow was one of a party which, under the leadership of George A. Smith, made a tour of the principal countries of Europe and went as settled,

far as Palestine, the purpose, as outlined by Pres. " Brigham Young, being to dedicate and consecrate the Holy Land to the Lord, thai it may be blest with fruitfulness preparatory to the return of the .lews in fulfilment of prophecy." An account of this trip, entitled "The Palestine Tourists," was published in 1875. During the controversy between the General Government and the Latter day Saints on the question of plural or patriarchal marriage, and while the constitutionality of the anti-polyg amy laws was being tested in the federal courts, Elder Snow- was caught in the toils. He had several wives and acknowledged and supported

them all, bttt was living with only one wife out of deference to the requirements of the Edmunds Law when the "crusade" began. His offense was The local designated "-unlawful cohabitation." judiciary, in excess of zeal, held that this offense could be segregated into minute portions of any period covered by it and the accused be indicted on each subdivisional portion of time. Three indictments were returned against Elder Snow for the same offense, and the maximum penalty for each a fine of $300.00 with costs, and imprisonment for six months was imposed. After an experience of eleven months in prison, his case reached the court of last resort on a writ of habeas corpus, charging unlawful detention, and a decision by that high tribunal, early in lss7, shattered the illegal doctrine of segregation and set the imprisoned apostle at liberty. The same ruling released a number of others from the peniIn the absence of Pres. Woodruff, Pres. tentiary. Snow, as senior in the Council of the Twelve, presided at the dedication of the Manti Temple in May, 1888, and when the Salt Lake Temple was opened for work, May 23, 1893, he was chosen to preside over it. In September, 1898, Pres. Woodruff having passed away, Lorenzo Snow succeeded him at the head of the Church, choosing as his own counselors those of his predecessor. Among the early acts of the new administration were some of a financial character, designed to relieve the Church from the burden of debt that had come upon it partly through the confiscation of its property by the federal government in the latter part of the eighties, but largely the result of the falling off in the payment of tithing by the people, who objected to having their tithes go into the hands of the receiver. As Trustee-in-Trust Pres. Snow authorized two bond issues aggregating a million almost dollars, and with the means thus obtained paid the most entirely from home subscribers pressing obligations and materially reduced the rate of interest the Church was paying upon Pres. Snow, with the wholeborrowed money. souled cooperation of his counselors and the Twelve, set about stimulating anew the people 's sense of duty in the matter of tithe-paying, the observance of which had been slowly reviving since the abolition of the receivership and the return of the conThe work of fiscated property to the Church. bringing the people back to their high standard as observers of the law of the tithe was continued in the succeeding administration, during the early years of which the Church was entirely cleared from debt. Pres. Snow died Oct. 10, 1901. The mentality of this remarkable man was a rare and varied combination. He was a natural financier, and at the same time spiritually-minded, of literary tastes

and

poetic

temperament.

Though

not

sanctimonious, he was a pattern of piety, zealous, While broadminded and charitable. devoted, spirited and independent, he was essentially a man of peace, a humanitarian. In his public discourses

4^i^n_

^n

/

OF

AMi:i![(

\\

he spoke straight tn tlio point, and his manner and In the diction were entirely without ostentation. eighty eighth year of his age, he remained up to

within siiiiinl

:i

h ely 1:1 el' his death in com with powers of mind and body un-

few weeks

health,

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impai red

SMITH, Joseph

Church of was born

Jesus

Fielding. 6th p resident of Christ

Par

at

of

West,

tlie

Latter-day Saints. Caldwell (., Mo.,

sun

BIOGBAPHY. lie labored principally in the islands of Maui, Hawaii ami Molokai for about three years, It ia and was Then released to return home. noteworthy fact that, without any knowledge of the native language when he landed mi the islt on the hundredth day thereafter he administered 's ami ordiui preached in the Hawaiian tongue. He arrived at Salt Lake City in February, 1858, in time tn participate in the "Echo Canyon War," an episode known in national history as the Utah Expedition, which consisted in the sending of to down an alleged government troops put rebellion in Utah, which in fact .li.l not exist.

her.

ut' Ilynim and Mary (Fielding) Smith, and a descendant of Robert Smith who came from England and in 1638 settled in that part of Rowley which Inter became BoxFrom him and his wife, At the session of the Utah legislature in 185S ford township, Mass. Mary French, the line descends through their son he officiated as sergeant at arms for the council

Nov.

L3,

1838,

Samuel, who married Rebecca Curtis; their sou Capt. Samuel, who married Priscilla Gould; their son A-.iel. who married Mary Duty; and their sun Joseph, who married Lucy Mack, and was the grandfather of the subject of this Bketch. Capt. Samuel Smith :'.) served as representative to the
. Cannon as tirst counselor, and Joseph F. .Smith as second counselor. Pres. Cannon held his office during this and the two succeeding For years be was chancellor of administrations. the University of Deseret, and up to the day of his death was a member of the General Church Board of Education. During the anti-polygamy crusade into retirement, with 'res. Taylor anil lie went others, and the must persistent efforts were put dent,

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'The pursuit was eventually forth for his capture. I'res. successful. Cannon, having started for Mexico, was arrested at Humboldt Wells, Nev., Feb. 13, 1886. Unwilling to be tried under the prejudiced conditions that then prevailed, he not appear in court when his case was called, and < 1

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bonds, aggregating $45,000, were declared forSubsequently, when a degi leniencj was Bhown by the federal courts, he surrendered for trial ami served out a sentence of several months imprisonment for "unlawful cohabitation," that is, for acknowledgement of plurality ..i wives. ongressional action at a later day restored the \- first counselor an nt of the forfeited bonds. IrnrV he More much of the burden of to Mies. that administration, the most aotable event of which were the issuance of the famous Manife to, the romj-letn.ii discontinuing plural marriage, and ami dedication of the Sal) Make Temple. He acI'res. to the Iruff World's Fair in companied 1893, visiting Independence, Mo., and other points en route. Front September, 1898, he served as tir-t counselor to Pres, Lorenzo Snow. In the ill of 1900 he took a trip to the Sandwich Islands, attending as the all but idolized guest of honor. the jubilee anniversary of the opening ol mission Bftj i. ,.. The heavy weight of care ami responsibility resting upon him eventually undermined his health, and he sought relief in a 'ii on the Maeitie eoast Mut the change did not afford benefit, ami his illness almost immedi atei\ assumed a fatal form. The end came at the his

feited.

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Tie would have been a man of mark in any community. Had he remained in England he t. and it might have been heard of in Parliai is within tie- bounds of calculation to mentally

1MI7 he was ma.le general superintendent of Sunday School rrii.ni, the most powerOne of ful organization of its kin.] in the west. the original directors of Zion's Co-operative MerIn

A l'HY.

such

a

one

Disraeli, and other Port. opp. 12. p.

us

the

peei

of

Gladstone,

premiers of the British realm. '

RICHARDS. Franklin Dewey, was Morn in Mass., April _'. 1821, sou Richmond, Berkshir of Phinehas and Wealthy (Dewey) Richards. From ten to thirteen years of age he was employe. a' Pittsfield, Mass., also attending school at Lenox during one winter. He then returned to his native town, ami until the summer of 1836 worked with his uncles in the lumber business. His father, having been converted to Mormonism, was baptize. at I

1

K lit hi ml,

in

April, ls.'.T, ami, returning to Richmond, preached the new gospel to his neighbors. Franklin M. Richards was baptized by him on .Mine ::. ls;:s, and in the foil. .wine; October starteil for Far West, Mo. Upon his arrival ho learned that the Saints were under order of banishment from Gov. BoggS, ami also that his brother George had fallen in the massacre of Haun's Mill. Walking theme 300 miles to St. Louis, he was emuntil May, ploye. 1839, when he returned to Quincy, 111., to attend the conference of the church. In April, 1840, he was ordained a Seventy, anil sent on a mission to northern Indiana. After O.,

1

building up a branch turneil

to

in

Porter county,

Nauvoo, where

in

April,

I

he rehe par

ml.,

1841,

ticipated in laying the cornerstones of the Temple. Returning to his former field of labor on June 7th. he was taken ill My the way, and was cared for in the house of Isaac Snyder, whose daughter, Jane, became his wife on Mec. |s, 1842. After his mar riage he Bettled in Nauvoo, where in May, 1844, he was ordained a high priest, also holding a position in the historian's office, and being delegated to several missions. At the time of the Mormon exoilus, in 1846, he was under appointment for a mission to Great Britain. He was appointed to labor in Scotland, ami later, in association with Elder Orson Spencer, president of the mission, in the Math. Bristol, ami Trowbridge conferences. Rejoining his people at Winter Quarters in February, he was of ls|s, the roar company. made Captain leading them into the Salt Make valley in October. on Here Feb. 12, 1849, he was ordained one of the Twelve Apostles, becoming also a member of the Provision Government of the state of Deseret, ami assisting in organizing the Perpetual Emigre tion Fund Company. In is:,.i he Btarted on an other mission to England, tin. being appointed president of the British Mission witnessed the conversion of ovei 16,000 people in two years, lie was liter of the ale The Millennial Star," ami. I

r sundry valuable publications, tirst issued "Pearl of (Meat Price," containing the "Book of Abraham," an. ..the remarkable revelations, including tin- .me which predicted the civil wa 1861 65. Returning to Salt Make City, he ati.al tended the s| conference 01 the church in resumed ins Beat in the legislature Vugust, 1852; in December, ami in the following April assist,., in mes of the Salt Make Temple. hiying the

tie-

I

|

1853 he was engaged in Iron county, Utah, nst Indian protecting the southern outpc of depredations, also is city. During the winter h.- was engaged in In Is.'.i he again went t,. lative duties. England as president of the Mritish Mission. Ilis labors, Murine;

in

C

town of Monterey, Cal., April 12, was man of varied gifts and wide His eminei as g coun- .lining a ami influei Men experience. Btay ..I two years, resulted in 'I selor were well warranted. His forte was st ,t,.. sioii of the jurisdiction of the Hritish Missj,, In the field of diplomacy Utah has not seen as to embrace all the branches of the church in pet

1901.

lul

old

lie

;i

:

12

TIIF.

NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

Europe, and in the emigration of over 8,000 converts to America. In 1856 he was again elected to the Utah legislature; in January; ls.lo, lie became a regent of the University of Deseret, and in June was commissioned brigadier-general of the Nauvoo Legion. During 1S59-66 he was engaged in various political, educational and ecclesiastical offices, and went on a fourth mission to England (1866-68). He was, in February, 1809, elected judge of the probate and county court of Weber county, which then exercised general, common-law and chancery jurisdiction, and served until September, 1883. Many important cases were tried before him not one being reversed on appeal to the higher courts until, by the Poland law, the jurisdiction of Utah probate courts was limited. In January, 1870, he founded the Ogdeu "Junction," of which he was the first editor, and organized several mutual improvement associations. Retiring from the bench in 1SS3, he devoted his entire time to his apostolic duties, and during the extreme enforcement of the Edmunds law in 1882, when many of the high church officials' had gone into retirement, much of the direction of affairs devolved on him. In April, 1884, he was made assistant to the church historian, Wilford Woodruff, whom he succeeded in 1889 as historian and general church recorder, holding both offices with credit and ability until his On the accession of Lorenzo Snow to the death. presidency of the Church, Sept. 13, 1898, he became president of the Council of the Twelve Apostles, which position he occupied till his demise, thus ending a continuous service of more than fifty years as a member of that council. Among his people he was known and honored as a scholarly and able gentleman, whose wisdom, conservatism and force were of service to his church in times of need. The beginning of the end came in August, 1S99, when his health failed and he was compelled to take, although too late, the rest he had all too long denied himself. A trip to California proved of only temporary benefit, and he died at Ogden, Utah, on Dec. 9th of that year. SMITH, John Henry, was born at Carbunca Hollow, near Kanesville (now Council Bluffs), la., Sept. 18, 1848, son of George A. and Sarah Ann (Libbey) Smith. When he was two years old his mother died, and he was put in the care of an At Provo, Utah, to which place the family aunt. moved in 1853, John received a common education and worked as telegraph operator until 1867. In the year last named he also became counselor in the bishopric of the Fourth Ward of Provo. In 1872 he was assistant clerk in the Territorial House of Representatives. Two years later we find him on a mission in Europe, where, after visiting most of the conferences in Great Britain, he accompanied Pres. Joseph F. Smith and other elders on a tour through Denmark, Germany, Switzerland and France. Returning home in 1875, he entered the employ of the Utah Central Railroad Co. During the same year he was ordained a

Utah's delegate in congress, in the presentation of farts pertaining tn legislation then pen. ling in relation to Utah affairs. In Utah Mi'. politics

Smith played

and when the dividing upon national party lines, John Henry Smith aligned himself with the Republicans, and thei forth was a very important part, local parties disl.ande.1, the members

of the leaders of that party in Utah. When the convention met to frame the State Constitution upon which Utah was admitted into the Union, he was honored by being made chairman of that body. In addition to political activities, he was prominent and successful in business enterprises. He was president of the Co-operative Furniture Co. and of the Utah-Mexican Rubber Co., and a director in the one.

Utah

National

Zion's Co-operative MerConsolidated Wagon & Machine Co., the Home Fire Insurance Co., the Salt Lake Theatre, and the Utah-Idaho Sugar Co. For several sessions he was a delegate to, and was repeatedly elected vice-president of, the TransIn 1901 he preMississippi Irrigation Congress. sided over the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress at Cripple Creek, Colo. Most of his time and energies, however, were devoted to ecclesiastical affairs, and he was an earnest and valuable aide to Pres. Joseph F. Smith, whose second counselor he became in the First Presidency in April, 1910, serving in that capacity during the remaining years of his life. Mr. Smith married, on Oct. 20, 1866, Sarah, daughter of Lorin Farr, of Ogden, Utah, by whom he had eleven children; and in 1877, Josephine, daughter of Nicholas Groesbeck, of Salt Lake City, by whom he had eight children. He died at Salt. Lake City, Utah, Oct. 13, 1911. In an editorial obituary the "Deseret News" said of him: "By nature aud training he was eminently qualified for public duties. He possessed a remarkable knowledge of human character and enjoyed extensive acquaintances with prominent men, not only in the State of Utah and the Church, but in the entire nation. These qualifications, and above cantile

all,

his

Bank,

Institution,

the

remarkable faculty for making friends,

made him admirably

fitted for the duties and His character is a positions that fell to his lot. study for every young man; and from it one can gain valuable lessons. In his disposition there was no element of artfulness or deceit. The motives by which he was actuated could be read in his open countenance and easy, natural and unassuming manner. He was straightforward in all his actions never being guilty of any double dealing and

was always outspoken and candid

in expressing his sentiments. He possessed courage of the highest type a fearlessness born of the assurance that he was in the right. These qualities impressed all people with whom he came in contact that he was He was of a happy sincere in his convictions. disposition, always hopeful, taking the most cheerful view of any condition that might confront

him."

RICHARDS, Willard, journalist and historian, and bishop by Pres. Brigham Young, was born at Hopkinton, Mass., June 24, 1804, son and was set apart to preside over the Seventeenth of Joseph and Rhoda (Howe) Richards. He had a Ward of Salt Lake City. He was elected a mem- revolutionary ancestry and prior to embracing ber of the City Council in 1876, and by re-election Mormonism belonged to the Congregational church. served for a period of six years. In 1880, he was At the early age of sixteen he taught school in ordained an apostle by Wilford Woodruff, then Columbia county, N. Y., and subsequently had His mind president of the Twelve, and after the October charge of schools in his native state. conference of that year was sent to preside over was active, penetrating, and given to scientific the European mission. He remained abroad for investigation. He also studied medicine and about two and a half years, and traveled extensively practiced under Dr. Samuel Thompson, founder of through Europe. After his return he was elected the Botanic or Thompsonian School. While practo the legislature. In 1882 he went to Washing- ticing as a physician at Holliston, Mass., he read ton, D. C, to co-operate with George Q. Cannon, the Book of Mormon, which had been brought into high-priest

GEORGE R

[I

CANNON

Q.

\\l> CI

IHN

II.

MORMON

k

WKU.V

INGRESSMAN

SMI "I FICI

I

H \l

Mi |RM( IN

\\

li

;\

1).

RICHARDS VPI IS

li

E

LARD RICH ^RDS \i

l-i

VXIJ

IUSTOK1 \N

OF AMERICAN his

neighbor!] by hie cousin Brigham Young. read it twice through, anil after a thorough 111 vestigation of its claims was baptized at Kirtlan.l, n. in December, t836. Ordained an elder, he accompanied Beber C. Kimball and others to Engs -".7. and at land in the summer of Preston, Bedford and other places helped to lay the foundaWhile tion of the firsl Mormon foreign mission. in England he met and married Miss Jenetta Richards, daughter of an Independent minister at Walker Fold, Lancashire. Willard Richards was ordained an apostle By Brigham Young, at PresFor a while h lited the ton, Apr. II, I84(h Millennial Star." He returned to America in May, - n and tin- same year took up his residence at lie was a member of the city ijouncilj Nauvoo, III. clerk of the municipal court, and private secretary I

Be

l

'

1

,

to

Joseph Smith, keeping his daily Journal up to hour of the Prophet's martyrdom. Be was with him in Carthage jail, June 27, S I4, when a mob broke into the prison, shut to death the Smith brothers, Joseph and llyium. ami all but fatally iti r wounded John Taylor, the murderous missiles grazed WillsHd's neck ami ear; otherwise he was unhurt. In till subsequent movements of the Mormon church during his lifetime Willard He was in the Richards played a leading part. exodus from Illinois and in December, 1847, was the

1

chosen

second

counselor

President

to

Brigham

Young, having previously accompanied him as a Ho was secrepioneer to the Rocky Mountains. tary of the provisional government of Deseret, and the territory of I'tah was organized 'lid most of the business of the territorial secretary,

alter

member

the legislative years of his life f the Firsl he was Presidency of the Mormon Church, hoi. line simultaneously the office of Church Bistorian. Tin- first number of the " Deseret News," with Willard Richards as editor, was published June 15, L850. lie continued in that capacity as long as he lived, ami his incumbency of the position of po-tmaster of Salt Lake City covered about In the s.-nne period. 1852 he presided over the council branch of the legislative assembly, and BUM led himself at the two following annual besides

nervine,

n-sembly.

a

as

During the

last

of

six

c

It was to ons. discharge his dfjty as president of the council, on the closing day bf the session, Jan. 20, 1854, thai he left bis horift for the lasl He died on the llth of Match following. time. In view of his many gifts and generaj usefulness, his death in the prime of life was regarded as a public calamity .

LUND, Anthon

Church, was bom 1844. Bis father .army, and fought

Henrik,

historian,

Mormon

in

Anii.org, Denmark, Ma] 15, drafted into the Danish the three years war against the rebels of Slesvig-Bolstein, who were aided by Anthon 'a mother died .luring thai Germany. when he was not quite four years old, and period, his grandmother, a woman of Bterling qualities, '"'.I. An apt student he charge of his rearing. sin. be. at an heearlj age, along with other bri rd' French learning, the English, German and Members of his family having bei languages. converts to the Mormon Church, he himself, e ..f A age twelve, was .admitted to membership. to Mot year later he was

was

in

i

teaching English distributing tracts ami assisting the elders At sixteen he was 'ine-. holding n "..I tin ei. ha ami appointed to preside over Hie Lalborg branch, lb- was also a traveling elder in five other hi am hi Me came to the united States in Lake City in 1862, .arriving .-it Salt

emigrants,

m

September.

Locating

.at

Mount

Pleasant,

Utah,

I

!H

i

\

I;

I

V.

'II

1.5

he engaged in business and at in The lie-, i.t telegra|.h line being in public life. prospect, Mr. Lund responded to Brigham Young's eall for number of young men t.. learn tell I

i

.-i

and attended at Salt Lake ity The opened for that purpose.

phy, scl

'

I

a

line

special b

established, he took the position of operator at Mount Pleasant. An Indian war was raging at the time, ami as second lieutenant in the militia, he rendered valuable aid in guarding and repaii ing the telegraph line and keeping up communication between the imperiled settlements. When the Latter day Saints -tailed their great co-operative movement, he was chosen secretary of the lir-r cooperative mercantile institution al .Mount Pleasant. Be also served as a member of the first city eoun eil of that place. Among ins ecclesiastical activities were those of Stake Clerk and High Councilor. In 1870 he was married to Sarah A. Peterson, daughter of Bishop Canute Peterson, of Ephraim. Nine children blessed this happy union. Soon his marriage he took up residence at Ephraim. During the following year lie wa- assigned to misHe was sionary service in his native country. business manager of the central office in Copenhagen of the Scandinavian mission. I'pon his return to Utah he beefime manager of the Ephraim Co-operative Store, and though stock was then selling .at lifty cent- on the dollar, he made the institution one of the most prosperous south of Stilt Lake City. During his presidency over the mission in Scandinavia, 188385, he published two :

periodicals in Danish .ami one in Swedish, besides taking care of the correspondence ami other work. lie returned home to find thai he had been elected .a member of the territorial legislature. Re-elected for the session of 1888; he trained the bill-, which were enacted into laws, establishing the Reform and the Agricultural College. Scl The same year he became assistant-president of the Manti Temple, and three years later succeeded Daniel II. Wells in the [.residency of thai -a. rod edifice. In October, f L889, Mr. Lund was ordained a- oi the Council of the Twelve during \|...-tle-; he over the 189395, presided European mission, and in 1898 he reorganized .a mission in Palestine .ami Syria, lie wa- made a director of Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution and of Zii In the fall of Savings Dank >v Trust Company. 1898 he removed to Salt Luke City, where he h.-isince resided. A zealous friend of education, he ha- -.-en service a- a lonelier, both in day and f the Sabbath schools. Upon tin organizati General Church Board of Education he wa- ap a since pointed April. 1891, has been member, and General Superintendent of Religion Classes, tin of t the Church Scl In 1899 adji system. he was .appointed Chunh lli-totian. and in 1902 the became president of board of trustees of the .lav Sumis University, tin the 17th of he ame second counselor to 190 I

1

I

.

1

,

''

F

1

Smith, and

s April. 1910, has counselor. Pres, Lund ia man intelligence, noted for his moms am! Mi pure life, upright character, breadth of mind, ami the Bweel his charitable b of nature, have made him be |..\e, and trusted wherever known.

the

epl

president's of general

,

first

i

WELLS,

Daniel Haxuner, was born In Tien Oneida county, V Oct. 27, 1814, -on of Daniel and Catherine (Chapin) Wells, in- descent I'l a- W in was ti th gov. a no Connecticut, who Bettled in Bartford in 1640, and died there in 1660, the line being traced through John, Robert, Joseph, Joshua and Daniel V! ton.

)

..

14

THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

father, who was born in Wctln'isliclil, Conn. Utah Sugar (' pany at Sail Lake City, and of Catherine Chapirj was :i daughter of David Chapin, the Ogden Sugar Company; was president of the revolutionary soldier who served in the 3rd and Deseret Investment Company, vice president of the The Pioneer Electric and Union Light and Power com 9th Connecticut regiments through the war. Chapin family was one of the oldest and most panics, and a director of /run's Cooperative MerDaniel li. Wells cantile Institution, also of the Deseret National distinguished of New England. was thrown on his own resources at the age of Bank and the Deseret Savings Punk. Mr. Winder lie worked n was for many years director and president of the twelve by the death of his father, Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society, a farm until eighteen, when with his mother and sister lie removed to Marietta, O., ami soon after now the Utah State Pair Association, and was one There he acquired a farm of the active anil leading spirits in that influential to Hancock county, 111. of his own and operated it successfully and be- organization. For many years he held the position came an extensive land owner. He was active in of United States Gauger of the Internal Revenue local polities, and as "Squire Wells," justice of Department. Early in his career he took an active the peace and alderman, he became noted as a interest in military affairs, and rose to the rank In man of strict integrity and a high sense of justice. of lieutenant-colonel in lire Utah militia. He was a warm friend of the Prophet Joseph December, 1857, he was captain of a company of Smith, ami when the opposition to the Mormons fifty stationed iu and guarding Echo Canyon and reached its height, he espoused the cause of that its approaches, after Johnston's army had gone He joined the church shortly before the into winter quarters. In the following March he people. people were driven from Illinois. The act involved raised a force of eighty-five men and accompanied the greatest sacrifice on his part, the loss of his Gen. George D. Grant in pursuit of predatory property and separation from his wife and only Indians. Dining 18(i5-fi7 he participated in the son. He went to Utah as aide to Pies. Brigham Black Hawk Indian war. serving part of the time Young on the second journey of the pioneers. He as aide to General Daniel II. Wells. Later he betook the same interest in the affairs of Utah that came assistant adjutant general, collecting and he had shown in Illinois, and held many high making up the accounts of the expenses of that to over $1,000,000. He was assespositions. He was a member of the first legislative war, amounting lieutenant- sor and collector of Salt Lake City for fourteen Council, state attorney-general and general of the Nauvoo Legion, the state militia. years, and served three terms in the city council. He was mayor of Salt Lake City 1866-76, during Subsequently he was City Watermaster, and was which period the city was unusually free from vice. serving in that capacity when called into the PreHe was a firm friend and supporter of education, siding Bishopric, as second counselor to Bishop and was one of the first regents of the University William B. Preston. To Bishop Winder was enof Deseret, now the University of Utah, serving trusted the work of hastening the completion of In the the Salt Lake Temple, that it might be dedicated also as its chancellor during 1S69-78. church he held successively the offices of elder and on Apr. 6, 1893, the fortieth anniversary of the He discharged that high priest. He was second counselor in the First laying of the corner stones. Presidency from 1857 until the death of Pres. duty with characteristic energy and zeal, conBrigham Young in 1877; after which he was tributing generously to the building fund, and after counselor to the Twelve Apostles until his own the dedication of the Temple, was appointed first death. He was president of the European Mission assistant to Pres. Lorenzo Snow, in charge of the In 1855 he had become one of the presiin 1S64 and again in 1884. In 1868 he took charge edifice. of the Endowment* House in Salt Lake City and dents of the 12th quorum of seventies, and in 1872 Soon afterward he in 1888 was chosen president of the Mauti Temple, he was ordained a high-priest. He hail seven became a member of the High Council of Salt continuing there until he died. In October, 1901, when Joseph F. wives anil thirty-seven children. He was a man of Lake Stake. commanding mind and stature, but of unassuming Smith became president of the Mormon Church, manners, kind and hospitable, and his faith in his John R. Winder was chosen his first counselor, and church was unbounded. He died at Salt Lake he held that office until his death, which occurred in Salt Lake City, Utah, Mar. 27, 1910. City, Utah, Mar. 24, 1891. his

:i

WINDER, John Rex, was bom at Biddenden, Kent, Eng., Dec. 11, 1821, son of Richard and Sophia (Collins) Winder. He began his business career at the age of twenty in the employ of a boot and shoe establishment in London, and two years later took charge of a similar busiuess in LiverHere he joined the Church of .lesus Christ pool. of Latter-day Saints, both he and his wife being He was associated with the baptized in 1848. Liverpool branch of the Church for five years, and then brought his family to the United States, landing at New Orleans early in 1853. Proceeding to St. Louis, he joined an emigrant company and His first journeyed across the plains to Utah. business experience in his new home was as a tanner and manufacturer of saddles, boots and shoes. The tannery was carried on successfully until native bark became scarce, when, unable to compete with outside importations, the business was suspended. Meanwhile Mr. Winder had purchased an extensive farm, which he operated successfully, and acquired well merited fame as a raiser of thoroughbred Jersey rattle. He was a director of the Utah Iron Manufacturing Company, of the

GRANT, Jedediah Morgan, Mormon pioneer, was born at Windsor, Broome county, X. V., Feb. 21, 1816, the son of Joshua and Thalia Grant. His father's paternal grandfather came from Scot land, and his later ancestors were all New Fuglanders, two of them figuring in the War for "Jeddy," as the boy was called, Independence. was a lad of fourteen when the Mormon church was organized in the neighboring town of Fayette. He was baptized Mar. 21, 1833. He was a member of the Zion 's Camp expedition, and one of the He worked first to hold the office of Seventy. upon the Kirtland Temple, and performed various most important ones being in the where he acquired most of his Quick-witted and intelligent, missionary fame. with a thorough knowledge of the scriptures, a ready and forceful delivery, and an original and effective way of driving home an argument, he was missions,

the

southern

states,

withal perfectly fearless just the man to please In a series the chivalrous and fiery Southerners. of discussions with other ministers, he gave great sport to the North Carolinians, and having made many friends and some converts, returned to Ohio

DANIEL II. WELLS MORMON OFFICIAL

JEDEDIAH PlONl

GR \NT

M. i

R

JOHN

R.

Ml IRMI IN

WINDER
to participate in the general removal of In their enforced exodus from Misthe Saints. he souri, accompanied his father's family to his second Illinois, whence he soon set out upon His headquarters mission to the southern stairs.

in

Burk's Garden, Tazewell county, Va., branch of sixty members soon sprang up, from that point, under his direction, the aii'l activities of a corps of efficient subordinates radiated until a wide and extensive field was occupied.

were where

at a

Among Ins friends was Col. Peter Lit/., a man of who permitted him to bold wealth and influe Another influential friend meetings at his home. was Miss Floyd, sister to John B. Floyd, after ,

wards Secretary of War She was a Catholic in broad minded and liberal.

in

Buchanan's cabinet.

religion, At a

well

informed,

meeting held in Elder Granl Jeffersonville,

thouse tit preached so powerfully to :i packed audience, including .John B. Ployd, Joseph Stras and other prominent men, that they voluntarily t..ok up a ection sufficient to purchase him a suit of clothes, a horse, saddle and bridle, not one of the donors being a Latter-day Saint, though some Much to the resubsequently joined the church. gret of the warm-hearted Virginians, he returned

i-

15

said to have conceived the notioi that the practice of I- was essential to strict obedi

1829-30, g

ie

in

mmunity of

l

t.>

scripture,

make a part of the 'amp was brought into sharp debate with Mr. CamptMl himself, and with. hew dis fited. He final!} succeeded in achieving practical results at Kirtlan.I, where [saac Morley threw open his house to all comers and formed the nucleus of a communistic society. Mr. Rigdon was living at Mentor In the fall of 1830, when his but in attempting to

it

bellite discipline be

former associate, Parley

came

that

1'.

Pratt, then

a

Mo

a- a

way

missionary en rout.- to Missouri. Elder Pratt, by permission, preached in Mr. Rigdon's church. The latter expressed ii est in the Hook of Mormon, whieh lOhler Pratt had presented to him, and after thorough investigation was iverted to its claims. Pratt and bis companions organized a large branch of the Lattei daj San.i- at Kirtlaihl. Sidney Rigdon being one elder,

of those

who came

baptism

Hijj.lon

into the fold. Soon aftei met Joseph Smith for the first time at Payette, New V..rk, and became one of the most zeal. .us and efficient of the Prophet 'adherents. Opponent- of the Hook of Mormon have claimed that it was made over by Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon fr the manuscript of a rejected romance written by Solomon Spaulding in 1812; but this manuscript was found in 1^4

to Nauvoo, 111., in 1842, and was there when Joseph He and Hyrum Smith were killed at Carthage. was sent to carry the awful news to the apostles ami elders then laboring in the eastern stair-. by President .lames ir. Pairehild of Oberlin ColWhile at Philadelphia he published a series of lege, who -ays: "The theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon in the traditional manuscript of letters against the claims put forth by Sidney Rigdon, as would be successor to the martyred Solomon Spaulding will probably have to !.. re s m he was In tl Mr. Rice, myself and others xodus of Prophet. among linquished. the lirst to cross the Mississippi and start for the compared it (the Spaulding manuscript) with the West. After a brief mission back to the States, Book of Mormon and could detect no resemblance he returned to the Missouri River in time to lead between the two, in general or detail. There seems f the first 01 companies that followed immediate- to be no name imr incident common to the two

the wake of the Pioneers to Salt Hake valley. wife and daughter died during the journey, which ended in October, 1847. In the first local militia organization be ame brigadier-general and afterwards major-general, and was a very efficient officer, courageous, energetic and just. In difficulties with the Indians (ion. Jedediah M. Grant was not onlj wise and tactful, but as jealous for the rights of the rod men as for the safety of the white settlers. He was the lir-t mayoi of ly

.

.

l

Some

in

Ih-

I

Salt Lake City, and occupied that position as long as he lived. He was the pioneer of Morgan county, He was also a Utah, which was named for him. member of the firsl territorial legislature, and for three sessions speaker of the house of representatives. At the .loath of Willai ds, in

.

other explanation of the origin of

Hook of Mormon must be found, if any explanation is - required." (New York Observer, The Spaulding story is only a Feb. 5, iss. ,.) As a matter of fact, Sidney Rigdon had theory. never seen the Hook of Mormon, either in manuthe

or in printed form, until Parley P. Pratt presented it to him in Ohio, several months after itAt publication in the state of New York. Hiram, .. in 1832, Elder Rigdon and the Prophet were as-ailed by a mol.. (aired and feathered." .and otherwise maltreated. When the First Presi dency of tin' Church was organized in 1833, with .1" ph Smith a- president, Sidney Rigdon and Frederick *'. 'Williams became In- counselors. script

Vfter the failure ..t die Kirtlan.I Bank, Joseph and Sidney were forced by thn mob iolence to flee, and the\ sought safety in Far West, Mis where the rinir.h established its head-Mini, President Rigdon wa quarters. imprisoned with the Prophet and hi- brother Hyrum in Lib 1898. 1, wabut released on a RIGDON. Sidney, an early associate with jail. Clay county, Mo., habea everal montl - im ph Smith, not at the inception, but in sn!>'.i.ii' lie i. shnrt time at led for a periences of the Mormon Church, was l.orn in Saint Clair township. returned to his old Nauvoo, III., and afti Uleghenj co I'.!.. I'i.. He received his early educa- home in Pennsylvania. He had suffered much from 19, 1793. tion in the district scl and worked on his ecution, and bis fortitude wa- not equal to the Is, continue. He retained his faith in fathei 's farm nntil Is 17. when he entered n p heavy strain. to follow any -e. Afterwards he studied for the Baptist Mm iiiimi-in to the Inst, but roll f.n her the foi and in 1819 was licensed to preach. His hnrch. ami at the (irst church was at Pitt here he labored death of Joseph Smith, after an ineffectual ecure the leadership, he retired into Bucce In 1828 he became asso tempt to years. ciated with Alexandi .! in Obscurity and was never ngain prominent in si Camp! tell, a nd tl For rcfu-i. or moii history. Ri aurganization of the Campbellite church in Bainbridge and Mi thority oi the Twelve Apostles he wa- excommuni lie died in 0. cited. llon,|-hl p. N. Y.. .Illlv II. 1876 The Campbellites were also known as Disc Mr. Rigdon was an able orator and debater. I. He page I

Jedediah

M. Grant, then oi ( the Pii Council of the 8e\ er eded him in-. -lor in the I'n Presidency of the Church, holding that office at the time of Ins death, Dec. 1854,

I

I

.

t

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

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PENROSE, Charles William, was born in management that paper became the most influLondon, Eng., Feb. 4, 1s;!l!; son of Richard and ential and widely read daily in Utah. Ordained He gave early evidence t' un- an apostle on .Inly 7, 1904, he entered with zeal Matilda Penrose. usual mental powers, ami being studious and quick upon the duties of that calling, and from Novemto learn, speedily mastered at school the common ber, 1906, to June, lull), presided over the Eurorudiments of education. He read the Bible when pean mission, visiting all the continental missions only four years old, and became well versed in its several times and conducting the business of the lie had Bereft of his father in Church at its headquarters in Liver] doctrines and prophecies. childhood, he was thrown upon his own resources. by this time discontinued his connection with the At eighteen he was attracted to Mornionism, the "Deseret News," but his pen was by no means only member of his father's household thus in- idle. He has been a voluminous writer during the and much against the will of his relatives whole of his career, and is a fluent and Logical cli In addition to newspaper and he espoused the unpopular religion and was or- public speaker; dained an elder January 6, 1851-, and entered upon magazine articles innumerable, he has found time the duties of a traveling missionary. Although to produce pamphlets that have done then full offered a life situation in a government office if share in promoting the cause to which his life has he would remain at home, he was not swerved from been devoted. His lectures on "Blood Atonement" his course or convictions. During the greater part and "The Mountain Meadows Massacre" refute of this missionary experience he traveled afoot, the common stories and false notions relative to and literally "without purse or scrip," relying for those subjects. The best known of his religious his support upon divine provision furnished volunpamphlets are "Rays of Living Light," "PriestHint line tarily through the people to whom he ministered. hood and Presidency," and "Mormon He raised up branches of the Church in Maldon, Plain and Simple." Elder Penrose is a real poet. Danbury, Chelmsford, Colchester and other places, His sacred songs, many of which ate found in the baptizing a great number of persons, many of "L. D. S. Hymn Book," have been a comfort and whom emigrated to Utah. He presided successively an inspiration to tens of thousands. Some of over the London Conference and the Cheltenham these songs are of high merit, and would alone and Birmingham pastorates, each of which com- suffice to perpetuate their author's name and fame. Since Dec. 7, 1911, Charles W. Penrose has been prised four conferences, and with eloquent tongue and ready pen ably championed the Mormon cause. second counselor in the First Presidency of the After ten years of zealous and successful service Mormon Church. At the advanced age of eightyin his native land, he emigrated to America, five, Pres. Penrose retains the full use of his mencrossed the Atlantic on a sailing vessel, assisting tal faculties and continues to discharge Ins varied in taking charge of 620 Mormon emigrants, and duties with unabated diligence and devotion. PRATT, Parley Parker, preacher and writer, drove an ox-team on a journey of eleven weeks from the Iowa frontier to Salt Lake valley. He was born in Burlington, N. Y.. April 12, 1807. He settled at ParmingtoU, where he tilled the soil and, was a C'anipbellitc minister before his conversion lie was dining the winters, taught school, afterwards re- to Mornionism in the autumn of l*.".o. moving to Logan, where he continued his work baptized by Oliver Cowdery. A talented writer t From 1865 to 1868 he served again and an eloquent speaker, he became one of the teaching. as a missionary in Great Britain, and on his re- most stalwart advocates of the faith he then esturn to Utah engaged in mercantile activities. In poused. Soon after his conversion he set out with Elder Cowdery and others upon a mission to the Isti'.i he was made a member of the High Council and a home missionary in Cache Stake. January, Indians, preaching on the way to white settlers in There he Ohio and Missouri. Among these was his former 1870, witnessed his removal to Ogden. edited "The unction." and became a member of pastor, Sidney Rigdon, to whom he was the first Mr. Rigdon the City Council, continuing at the same time his to present the Book of Mormon. He was also a zealous lived in Ohio, and was one of a hundred or more ecclesiastical activities. worker in political movements, and in 1S76 w as converted to Mornionism by these missionaries, at In 1877 he or near the town of Kirtland. Elders Cowdery and elected to the territorial legislature. took up his residence in Salt Lake City, where, Pratt, having arrived at Independence, Mo., crossed the line into Indian Territory and preached later, he became editor-in-chief of the "Deseret News." He sat in the legislature of 1882, and to the Shawnees and I'elawares, presenting to the the same year in the Constitutional Convention, his aged sachem of those tribes the Book of Morsecond experience of that kind. In August, 1884, mon. During their absence the Church set up its In' became one of the presidency of Salt Lake headquarters at Kirtland. Elder Pratt was one Stake. All the while, through the columns of the of the Mormon colonists expelled from Jackson "News," and in lectures, public speeches, and pri- county, Mo., in 1833, and was afterwards a At Kirtland, Feb. 21, vate interviews, he continued to defend his faith member of Zion 's Camp. and to disseminate correct information regarding 1835, he was ordained one of the Twelve Apostles, Utah and the Mormon people. In 1884 he again and subsequently performed missionary work in went to Europe on a mission, traveling through Canada and various parts of the United States. the British Isles, Scandinavia, Germany, Switzer- In New York city he published his famous evanland and France, and throughout this period con- gelical work, "The Voice of Warning." and delivI.

I,

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7

in Tammany Hall. He interesting articles to the "Millennial ered a course of lectures Star" and the "Deseret News." Returning to was in the very thick of the later Missouri trouAmerica he spent considerable time at Washing- bles, and was imprisoned with the Prophet and in Richmond jail. Escaping thence, he ton, D. C, working for Utah's admission into the others Union. From 1892 to 1894, during a temporary made his way to Illinois, and almost immediately lease of the "Deseret News" to another company, set out, with the majority of the Twelve, for Great Mr. Penrose did editorial work for the "Salt Lake Britain. He was the first editor and publisher of Herald," and subsequently became one of the assis- the "Millennial Star," the organ of the European tant church historians, serving in that capacity Mission, over which he was left to preside when He until 1899, when he resumed his former position his fellow apostles returned to America. Under his editorial played a prominent part in the Mormon exodus with the "Deseret News."

tributed

jf^^^^fr

PARLEY

P.

PRATT

MORMON LEADER

HEBER

C.

KIMBALL

MORMON APOSTLE

ORSON PRATT PIONEER

GEORGE MORMON

A.

SMITH

OFFICIAL

OF from

AMFKH'W

and after reaching the Missouri upon another mission to the British returning to the Iowa frontier just before Illinois,

went

river lull's,

the Pioneers started for the West. Be followed in the first emigration, which he helped to organize, arriving in Salt Lake Valley late in September, Hi' was active in exploring and colonizing, 1S47. sat in the legislature, wrote and published Gospel pamphlets and other literary works; including liis

"The Key

masterpiece, peatedly over the church, introduced

and

in

la-i

mission,

to

Theology," presided

California

Mormonism

branches'

re-

the

of

South America, Salt Lake City on hi* in

September, 1856, left t'r He which he never returned. preached in New York, St. Louis, and other large eastern cities, and on May 13, 1857, stood trial bec a United States court at Van Buren, Arkansas, charged with abducting the children of Hector II. McLean. Acquitted of the charge', he was liberated and allowed to proceed on liis way, but was followed by McLean and slain. The assassin was never bronght to justice. As a preacher and writer he was prominent in the Church. His tir ability was of a high order, and he was the author of many beautiful hymns. He stood at the head of a patriarchal household, and a host of descendants Condi} cherish his memory. He endured I

much for the sake of his religion, terity an imperishable name.

PRATT,

and

left to pos-

pioneer, was born in Hartford, N. V., Sept. 19, 1811. Converted and baptized by his elder brother Parley Pratt, he was destined like him to become a noted preacher and writer, and one of the first settlers in the Rocky Mountain region. He also His parents rose to eminence as a mathematician. were poor, and he was fated b> plod through life

he was comparatively humble circumstai s, but powers of mind and accumulation of knowledge, an intellectual and a spiritual millionaire. Early in 1831, he followed the Prophet to Kirtland, (). and several months later started for Jackson county, Mo., With his brother Parley, preaching and baptizing by the way. Many other s :;.>, missions followed, and on the 26th of Apr., he was ordained an apostle. He presided over a large branch of the Church in New York city, and was there at the time of the Missouri expulin imii be embarked with others of the sion, Twelve for England. April of thai year saw him in Edinburgh, Scotland, "here he raised up a largi branch of the Church. While upon this mission he published his noted pamphlet, "Remarkable Vi At ." which was republished in New York. Nauvoo, where he was a member of the City Coun cil. he brought out "The Prophetic Umanac," and s in. in 1836 to occupied much of h time in study, making himself thoroughly ac tetry, trigonon quainted with algebra, g sections, differentia] and integral calculus, s. nun and mo-l of the physical Sc'lel ii

rich in

l

I

" 1852 stablfihed ami edited Washington, l>. C, and after two mis sions in England returned to Utah bj u:iy ol Cali fornia, Johnston's army being then in winter quareast of th.- Wasatch mountains, other misin

study,

1

in

sions

both

followed,

month of a

ii

public

great

l

home

at

.ami

The

abroad.

aide by a l^7o. was made me discussion in the Tabernacle at Salt

Lrii-t

.

Lake City, with Orson Pratt, Mormon apostle, and Dr. John I'. Newman, Methodist chaplain of the States

United

senate,

each

against

pitted

other

upon the question, "Does the Bible Sanction PolygTen thousand amy pie listened to the argu tnents. During the debate the Mormon sage aston'

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learned opponent, not only by his thorwith the Scriptures, luit by his incisive logic, his clear cut demonstrations, his profound knowledge of Hebrew and the writings of the most eminent commentators on the Bible. In 1 s 7 he became Ohurch Historian, and held that lb' was position during the remainder of his life. in England publishing an edition of the Hook of Mormon when he learned of the death of I'res. ished

his

ough familiarity

1

Brigham Young, August, s 7 7 and immediately out for home. A brief trip to tin' eastern 1

.

set

states was followed by another mission to Europe, his fifteenth voyage across the ocean. While ii Liverpool he stereotyped and published the liook

Mormon and and brought out of

Orson, Mormon philosopher and Utah

1

I:|()i:1;AI'IIV.

and

Doctrine

the

Covenants,

his astronomical work, "Key to Prior to this time he had achieved

the Universe."

wide fame in the field of higher mathematics. As early as 1850 he discovered a law governing planetary rotation, and subsequently made other scientific discoveries. Prof. Proctor, the r wned astronomer, while lecturing at Salt Lake City, expressed the opinion that there were but four real mathematicians in the world and that Orson Pratt was one of them. Among his numerous publications not hereinbefore mentioned are "Divine AuNew Jerusalem" thority," Kingdom of God," "Divine Authenticity of the Book of Mormon," "Absurdities of ininatei in lism, "Great First Cause" and several "Discussions." lie .lied at Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. :;. 1881. Heber Chase, one of the original apostles of the Latter day Church and One of the foremost founders of Utah, was born iii Sheldi.ii. About t.n years later tin' vt.. June 11. 1801. family moved to West Bloomfield, N. Y., where '

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KIMBALL,

young Heber, having

was

school,

quit

put

to

work

father's blacksmith shop. Subsequently he His connection with learned the potter's trade. Mormonism dales from Apr. 15, IVIL'. when at with the Baptist Men. ion he severed his ... ami' a follower of Joseph Smith. church and In company with his friends Brigham and Joseph there met the Young, he visited Kirtlaii'l. 0. in

his

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.

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and

moved with his family to membei of /.ion's Camp, place. and on Feb. II. 1835, became member of the of the Twelve. In June. 1837, he was e studies he pursued without the aid of a 'he the exodus of 1846 placed at the hen. of a mission to England He left Nam teacher, and was first among the pioneei to -tun.; upon the first foreign mission of the Church and in comNew York for S;ilt Lake City. then Inline -ite Tl riginal pany with si\ others sailed from survey of the town "a- made by him. Homy G. Liverpool. Ian. lino July 20th, a month aftei the Sherw Prom 1848 to Iv'.l Orson enthronement of Queen Victoria. Thr lays later, assisting. Elder Kimball preached the first Pratt presided over the European Mission, editing at Preston, Prophet:

in

t833

He was

that

a

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the "Millennial Star" and laboring incessantly in the ministry. Returning to Utah he -at in the on astronomy, and Legislature, delivered lectures He was BUCh an ardent in the university. lovet of knowledge, and so anxious to disseminate he offered to teai th< it, that munit_\ free, if they would but give their time to t

i

Mormon

discourse

ever

months he and baptized about two tl ',.

..j

\

mi

in-

i

-i

early

people

at

Par

ordeal

of

in

Europe.

sand persons, I

s;;>

We c

In

and i

\i

persecution

lb-

he

returned

main body

ssouri, in the

with

of th fiery

in

heard

hi-

eight

summer

them through the

during

the

ensuing

TIIK

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NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

winter. Tic visited the Prophet and others in prison and helped Pres. Young to superintend the niiil winter migration of the Saints from In April. 1840, he was again in Eng Missouri. land, with his fellow apostles, preaching, baptizing, building up branches, and organizing conferences. He IIi> returned to Nauvoo, 111., in July, 1S41. took an active part in all leading events affecting the Church at that period, and was tilling a mission in the Eastern States when Joseph and Hyrum In the trying scenes that Smith were murdered.

autumn and

Heber C. Kimball stood faithfully by Brigham Young, sustaining him as the Prophet's rightful successor, and assisting him in all the He arduous labors of the exodus from Illinois. was known as "Brigham Young's right-hand man." He helped to recruit the Mormon battalion, and was one of the pioneers to Salt Lake valley. At ensued,

the

reorganization

of

the

First

Presidency,

in

in the teachings of the Congregational church, but he proved to lie an independent thinker and soon broke away from creeds and elm relies. He valued knowledge and made every effort to obtain it, at the same time laboring constantly for the support of an invalid lather and the family lie early showed signs of dependent upon him. a superior intellect, and his memory, as he grevt

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became phenomenal. Though genial and humorous in disposition, he shunned frivolity and older,

sought the society of those older than himself. A great favorite with his grandfather, Asael Smith, a veteran of the revolution and of the war of s 11', he would climb upon the old man's knees and listen spell-bound to the narration of his thrilling experiences while lighting for liberty and indepen deuce. It was Joseph Smith Senior, and his son. Hon Carlos, who brought to this branch of the Smith family, in 1830, the Book of Mormon, then just k very carepublished. George A. read the 1

December, 1847, he "was chosen first counselor to Brigham Young, and remained in that position to fully and accepted it as an inspired record. He was chief -justice and wealthy Presbyterian offered to send him to the day of his death. 1

lieutenant-governor of the provisional state of Deseret, and president of the council or upper house of its general assembly; also presiding over the council in the first territorial legislature. When the corner stones of the Salt Lake Temple were laid, Apr. 6, 1853, he helped to lay the southeast corner stone and offered the prayer of conHeber C. Kimball possessed a poetic secration. His sermons soul, though not a maker of rhymes.

and sayings abound in similes and metaphors, which came from him as naturally as sparks from He also manifested the prophetic gift a forge. to a remarkable degree. During a season of scarcity in Salt Lake valley, when the half -starved, half-clad settlers were living on rations, eked out with wild roots, scarcely knowing where to look for the next crust of bread or for rags to hide their nakedness, he declared in a public meeting that within a short time "States' goods" would lie sold in Salt Lake City cheaper than in St. Louis or New Y'ork. His hearers were astonished and, of course, incredulous; but the fulfilment came. The S4S) atCalifornia gold discovery (January. tracted thousands of adventurous spirits across the 1

great

Many were merchants

plains.

freighting

new El Dorado. These, in order to lighten their loads and expedite progress, sold at enormous sacrifice their valuable merchanPres. dise, thus making good the prediction. Kimball was a benevolent and philanthropic charIn the famine of 1856, he fed from his acter. own bins and store-houses, filled by his foresight in anticipation of the straitness, the hungry multi-

their

goods to

the

tude. Preaching, colonizing, traveling through the settlements, encouraging the people in their toils and sacrifices; sitting in council with the Church

leaders; ministering in sacred places, and in various other ways playing the part of a public benefactor thus did this remarkable man employ the later years of his eventful life. His name was He died a household word in every home in Utah. at his home in Salt Lake City, Utah, June 22, 1868, mourned by the whole Church and by many outside its pale.

SMITH, George

Albert, was born at Pottsdam, John Smith and Clarissa (Lyman) Smith, both natives of New Hani]' His first American ancestor came from shire.

N. Y., June

20, LS17, son of

England early in the seventeenth century. John Smith was brother to Joseph Smith, Senior, the father of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, Mormon Consequently George A. was their first martyrs. Until fifteen years of age he was strictly cousin.

A

col-

if lege in preparation for the Christian ministry,

he would promise not to become a Mormon, but he declined the offer; and on Sept. 10, 1S.".2. joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. During the summer of Is:'.:; he quarried and hauled rock for the building of the Temple at Kirtland, 0., and in 1834 was in Missouri as a member of When the time came to more Zion 's Camp. thoroughly organize the priesthood of the church. he was ordained and set apart as a member of the Three missions to First Quorum of Seventy. various states in the Union followed, during the intervals of which he attended school at Kirtland, and subsequently taught school. During the worst of the Mormon troubles in Missouri, he was tilling a mission in the southern states, and while he ami his cousin Don Carlos were on their way home they

were pursued by a mob and came nigh perishing in a storm on the prairie. Ordained an apostie at Far West, Mo., Apr. 26, 1839, he soon set out wi'h other apostles for Great Britain, and there labored in various counties ami assisted to build up a luaiich of the church in London. At Nauvoo, he returned in July, 1841, he III., to which place married Miss Bathsheba W. Bigler, formerly of West Virginia, whom he had met while on a misHe was a city councilor and sion in that state. later an alderman (f Nauvoo, and successively chaplain and quartermaster-general of the Nauvoo He was in Michigan when his kinsmen Legion. Joseph and Hyrum Smith were murdered. In the exodus that followed he accompanied the migrating chin h across Iowa to the Missouri river, where he housed his homeless family in cabins built by himIn the spring and summer of 1S47 he accomself. panied Brigham Young on the pioneer journey He entered Salt Lake valley on. the to the West. 22nd of July, two days before the arrival of the main body, and planted the first potato put into the soil by the founders of Utah. Returning to the Missouri river he brought his family to the Rocky Mountains in the autumn in 1849. As a member of the senate in the provisional state of Deseret, he reported the first bill printed for the consideraa bill for the ortion of the General Assembly He also reported a ganization of the judiciary. bill relating to the construction of a transcontinental railroad. In December, 1850, at the head of a company of 118 volunteers, he established a colony on Center Creek, in southern Utah, founded the town of Parowan, and organized Iron county, which he subsequently represented in the LegislaIn 1S52 lie was appointed to preside over ture.

HYRUM SMITH

AMERICAN

OP

Commissioned by church affairs in Utah county. Governoi Young a colonel of cavalry, he was given command of the militia throughout southern Ct:ih and took measures for the defense and safety of s :; 54. the inhabitants during the [ndian war of hi the midst of his many public duties he found time to study and practice law, and tliis from a His pure love of justice an.l the legal science. He was admitted to the services were given free. bar of the Supreme Courl of Utah and received his certificate as an attorney, counselor and solicitor in chancery. Appointed Church Historian in L854 he immediately went to wort compiling the documentary history of Joseph Smith, from Feb. 20, l

-~

As a respite from too to June 27, 1844. was application in the Historian's office be given in 1856 a special mission to Washington, 1. '.. where, with Ids fellow delegate, John Taj lor, he presented a proposed state constitution and its These docutigress. accompanying memorial ments, as a member of the Constitutional ConvenHe returned to Utah tion, he had helped to frame. in time to take part in the general preparations for defense made by the people of the territory at the approach of Johnstoi's army. During the Indian troubles of 1866 he served as an aide to Gen. Daniel II. Wells and was subsequently commisFor many sioned brigadier-general of militia. years he had charge of the colonizing work south of Sail Lake City, and was known as "The father Of the Southern I'tah settlements," the (duel' of He which, Saint George, was named for him. served many years in the territorial legislature, and from 1864 to 1870 was president of the In October, 1868, came his elevation to Council. the First Presidency, in succession to Heber C. Kimball as first counselor to Tie-. Brigham Young. r October, 1872, to .lime |s7.:, he was absent upon a mission to Palestine, to bless the land that 1843, e

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he redeemed from sterility, and to dedicate it tor the restoration of the tribes of Israel. During his absence lie was appointed Trustee-inTrust for the church, which office he held until it

might

his death. 1.

L875.

He Mr.

died

in

.salt

Smith

of mind and

heart. respectful to

Lake

possessed

WSS

lie

a

City, Utah, Sept qualities gTeal counselor in \ei\

authority, but no cringing deed, He was noted tor hi- i: judgment, sycophant. his capacious and retentive memory, and his Bound common sense, lie dressed plainly, lived within his means, and zealously advocated home manufacHi- art- ,.f benevolence were many, but tures. lie was a man of few entirely without ostentation, he- abounded in .apt ane words, lint his sp< I

He was :i mi illustrations. sterling inPres. Young -aid at In- funeral: "I never tegrity.

and

i

knew

oi bis I'm neglecting oi overdoing a duty." opposite page 17. SMITH. Hyrum, brother to Joseph Smith, and known in Mormon history a- Patriarch of the Church, na- born in Tunbridge, Vermont, Feb. 1800, second -on of Joseph .and Lucy Hi- early life was -pent on his Mack) Smith. when hi- brothei Foseph Smith father's farm, declared the divine revelation that he had received,

trait

'.',

Winn speedily and was baptized

ame

his

mis bj Joseph in Seneca lake in His name was prefixed to the Hook June, 1829. of Mormon as one of the eight witnesses permitted to \ iew the plates from which it was translated. lie was one of the si\ men who participated in the of the Church of Jesus Christ of II

i

a

believer in

organization Latter day Saint-, at Fayette, and at a conference held in Fai he wa- appointed bc 7, 1837,

V

Apr. 6, 1830, West, Mo.. Nov, counselor in tin-

ST.,

i

BIOGRAPHY.

L9

First

Presidency,

1841,

when he was

position held by him until called to the patriarchal office.

a

He was with the Church in its migrations from New Vork to Ohio, and thence to Missouri and While iii Missouri he was don from his Illinois.

mob and sentenced, with the Prophet Mormon leaders, to lie shot on the

family by the

and

other

public square at Far West, a tragedy prevented by the noble and timely intervention of I

Alexander W. Doniphan, who denounced it as "cold-blooded murder." Hyrum shared the imprisonment of the Prophet ami his associates in Richmond and Liberty jail-, and escaped with them to Illinois, where he assisted iii founding He was a man of exemplary habits, Nauvoo. noted for the strict purity of his life. lie held the rank of general in the Nauvoo Legion. In performing the duties of the various sacred offices placed upon him he won the affection and esteem of

his

all

wa- strongly and ten brother Joseph, whom he voluntarily surrendered with him lie

associates,

derly

attached

never

left,

to

hut

his

and was taken to Carthage, III., .lime 24, 1844, where he lost his life three days hater when a mob broke into the jail and shot the brothers to death. Hyrum Smith was the father of Joseph Fielding Smith, now Chureh.

(1918)

the

head

of

the

Mormon

TALMAGE,

James Edward, geologist and theologian, was horn at Hungerford, Berks, Engsi;i\ s ,,n ,,f .lumes Joyce and his land, Sept. I'l, 1

He obtained (Preater) Talmage. training in the national and board schools and was a diocesan prize scholar in ls74. Hiparents having joined the Church of .Fesns Christ of Latter day Saints (commonly known as the Mormon church), he emigrated with the rest of the family in 1876 and located at 1'rovo, I'tah, the seat wife Susannah hi- early

of the Brigham Young Academy (now University In the institution named he completed successfully tie' and normal courses, and in his sevenhigh sel teenth year was a teacher of elementary science, Latin and English. Ilis early predilection was for the sciences, and in 188283 he took a sell .

I

course, mainly in chemistry and geology, ;,t Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Though a special stu dent and not a candidate fie a degree, he pa during hi- single year of residence nearly all the examinations in the four year course and wa- later graduated; ami in 1883 84 he was engaged in ad-

vanced work 1884

in

Johns Hopkins University,

at

Balti-

He returned to I'tah in the fall of se to a summons from the home in-

Md.

more,

res]

and served as professor of geology and chemistry, with varied activities in other depart in' ntiii the Brigham Young Academy, 1884 -s While a resident of Provo, i'tah. he served Bucces -i\.l\ as city councilman, alderman and justice of the peace. While still of the faculty he was elected to the hoard of trustees of the Brigham Young Academy, He was president of and pi oi oi chemistry in the Latter.hu Saint- College, stitution

Lake

h^

and

and pre University of Utah, 1894 !'7. he resigned the las) nai "t bail i" idencj but retained the geo which had n Specially endowed; and ten later 1907) he resigned the professorship to fol low the practical work of mining geology, for it demand. In 1891 which his services wen he received the degree ol B.8. and in 1912 the honorary degree of Ii, Se. from his old alma lli.'iler, Lehigh University. In 1890 he was given the lion Doctoi "t Science and Did orarj Ar^r l>\ the Initeh of Jesus hrist of Latter daj Saint-

Salt

professor

City*,

of

geology In the year

93,

in

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NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA

and in 1890 was awarded the Ph.D. degree by Illinois Wesleyan University for aon resident work. 1 >r. Talmage has been elected to life membership in several learned societies, and for many years lias been a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Soeiety (London), Fellow of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (Edinburgh), Fellow of the Geological Society (London), Fellow of the Geological Society of America, Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Associate of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain, or Victoria Institute, and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Talmage has traveled extensively, having traversed most of this country and of Europe many times in the course of scienHe was a delegate from the Royal tilic pursuits. CeoSociety of Edinburgh to the International logical' congress held at St. Petersburg (Petrograd) that in 1897, and was a member of the party crossed the Urals into Siberia. Throughout the period of his professional career as teacher and and professor Dr. Talmage was particularly active in

efficient

encouraging

scientific

study by popular

lectures and writings, and for this labor his deep love for science and his exceptional command of language and ability as a public speaker particu-

Impelled by the same spirit, he took charge of the little Deseret Museum, Salt Lake City, in 1891 and under his personal direction the institution has become large and influenvaluable collections in the tial, comprising very departments of mineralogy, geology, zoology, ethnology and pioneer history. In his teaching work he was the first to establish courses in domestic

larly fitted him.

;

and agricultural chemistry in the interFrom his boyhood he was an mountain West. active worker in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and has been ordained successively deacon, elder and high priest. In December, 1911, he was called to the exalted office of apostle in the church and was duly ordained and set apart as one He promptly reof the Council of the Twelve. and linquished his profession as a mining geologist be engineer, the practise of which had grown to extensive and lucrative. Since that time he has descience

voted himself entirely to ministerial duties in the ihurch. Dr. Talmage is the author of many scientitle and theological works, among which are "First Book of Nature;" "Domestic Science;" "The Great Salt Lake, Present and Past;" "Tables for the Blowpipe Determination of Minerals;" "An Account of the Origin of the Book of Mormon;" "The Articles of Faith" (a eomprehensive exposition of the doctrines of the Mormon "The Great Apostasy;" "The House of lunch) the Lord" (a discussion of holy sanctuaries, ancient i

;

and modern) tures

;

"The

delivered

at

Story of 'Mormonism' Michigan, Cornell and

"

(lee-

other

''The Philosophical Basis of Mor" and Vitality of Mormonism,' his greatest work, "Jesus the Christ." Bishop Orson F. Whitney, author of the "History of Utah," says of him: "Professionally a scientist and a preceptor, with gifts and powers equalled by few, Dr. Talmage is also a writer and speaker of great abilHe is an absolute master of English, ity and skill. both by pen and tongue, and possesses a musical eloquence of marvelous fluency and precision. His style of oratory, though not stentorian, is wonderfully impressive, and his well stored mind, capacious memory, quick recollection and remarkable readiness of speech render him a beau-ideal inHe was marstructor, in public or in private." ried in June, 1888, to Mary May, daughter of Richard Thornton Booth, of Alpine, Utah, and had eight '

universities);

monism ;'" "The

'

children, seven of whom survive, all bom at Salt Lake City: Sterling B., Paul It., Elsie, James K., Lucile, Helen May and John B. Talmage.

ELLINWOOD. Lyman

Watson,

merchant;

was born at Ft. Atkinson, Wis., Jan. 5, 1874, son Ralph Knox and Melissa Harriet (White) Kl-

of

His father was a memlinwood, of Scotch descent. ber of Co. I, 88th Ohio Vol. Inf. in the civil war; he later re-enlisted for service on the western frontier, and was twice honorably discharged; his death resulted from disabilities contracted in the The son was educated in the Federal service. public schools of Rock Island, 111., where the family resided for a time, and at the Davenport (la.) In 1891 he entered the Business College. employ of the Moline (111.) Wagon Co. as office boy, and served successively as stenographer, general" office man and traveling salesman. As such he traveled in nearly every state in the Union, becoming one of the most widely known men in the vehicle and In 1904, he was appointed implement business. assistant manager and later general manager, seeretary and treasurer of the John Deere Plow Co., Indianapolis, Inil., one of the subsidiary companies of the corporation of Deere & Co., of Moline, and thereafter made Indianapolis his home. At that time the Indianapolis concern was the most eastern branch of the Moline corporation, although it had a number of implement companies in western cities, In 1914 impaired health necessitated his relinquishing the management of the John Deere Plow Co., but later, his health returning, he was made acting manager of the John Deere Plow Co. of Baltimore, Mel. Following this, for a short time he participated in the management of the John Deere Wagon Co., of Moline, 111. In addition to his official connection with the Indianapolis corporation he was at one time or another a director of the John Deere Plow Co. of Syracuse, N. Y., the Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., the John Deere Plow Co. of Baltimore (Mil.), and the John Deere Plow Co. of Atlanta, Ga. He was also one of the original tentative directors of the reorganized and consolidated Deere & Co., a .$(15,000,000 corporation formed in 1910. He always took a keen interest in Republican politics, and in the civic welfare of his adopted city, being an active member of the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce. His chief recreation, instead of out-door sports, was found in social welfare and charitable organization in which his wife was also prominent, a member of the Christian Church, and of the order of Elks. He was married June 30, 1S96, to Henrietta Elizabeth (below), daughter of George Schneider, of Rock Island, III., and has one daughter, Gertrude Harriett Ellinwood. activities,

He was

ELLINWOOD,

Henrietta Elizabeth (Schneiwas born in Rock Island, 111., Lee 10, P>7(>, daughter of George and Frederika Her father was one of (Loupsheer) Schneider. the pioneer merchants of Rock Island. Since her girlhood days she had taken a sympathetic inder), philanthropist,

terest in the philanthropies of her parents, which were practical and extensive. After her marriage in 1S96 to Lyman Watson Ellinwood (above) she devoted considerable time to practical charity work, and finally gave up all her social activities to devote all of her time to administering to the wants of the unfortunate. Upon removing to Indianapolis, Ind., in 1904, she almost immediately became prominent in Lie work of the Slot hers Aid Society, a city-wide organization established "to aid destitute widowed mothers with little children to hold their families together," and was elected It has managed a colony of its president in 1910.

J.

GEO]

HENRIETT

\

I

s.

PHILANTHRl

I

LL1XWI IP1 -

l(

ID

I

Kl Dl Kit

k

DICKINSON

MERCHAN1

OF AMKUICAN in the suburbs, where the city's widi mothers with their children arc h ...-e.l rent free under Mrs. Kllinwoo.l 's supervision, ami she also supervised the management of a nursery for the children of widows who are employed during tlie

cottages

She holds membership in other charitable day. organizations, as well as the Young Women's Christian Association and the Women's Franchise 1 League. She was a member of the executive com mittee which arranged for the National Conference of Social Workers in Indianapolis in 1915, and is a director in the Organization of Women's Clubs formed to ni< 1 the United states Government's Employment Agency for Women in [ndianapolis, She is also a member of the Christian church.

DICKINSON,

Frederick, merchant and broker, uni at Guilford, Chenango co., .\. v., Aug. charlotte Eliza 22, 1835, son of Thomas and (Thompson) Dickinson. His earliest American an-

was

I.

was Nathaniel Dickinson, who came from Ely, England, in 1630, located first at Watertown, subsequently removed to Wethersfield, Mass.; From Conn., ami finally settled at Hadley, -Mass. him and his wife Anna Gull, a widow, the line of descent is traced through their son Thomas ami his wife Hannah Crow; their son Thomas and his wife Mehitabel Meekins; their son Thomas ami his wife Ann their son Thomas ami his wife Man Sti ivens, ami their son Daniel Thomas and his wife Mary Caulkins, the grandparents His father was a land-owning of our subject. cestor

HIOGliA

I'll

V.

21

department of the Chicago, Milwaukee & Haul Railway Co., and Frederick Booth DickHe .lied in Chicago, III.. -Ian. 3, inson, lawyer. 1916. Portrait opposite page 20. HERRIG, Peter, capitalist, was born at Honeon on Rhine, Germany, Oct. 22, L848, son of Nicholas and Anna (Rice) Herrig, and came with law

st.

them

America

1849, settling in the Saginaw dealer iii line china and was ;, n active participant In the Herman revolution of ]sjs. In Michigan, however, he engaged in agricultural pursuits, but s U bseto

in

His father was

valley of Michigan.

,-i

quently returned to merchandising, at Saginaw. I'.-ter Herrig received his education in the public At an early age he learned schools of Saginaw. the trade of millwright, and followed that occupation for thirty-three years, chiefly in tl mploy of the Harding Green Lumber Co., later the Green ame manager and superRing Co. In 1884 he intendent of the mills of this company, and subI

sequently became a partner in a modest hardware establishment from which evolved the extensive Saginaw Hardware Co. The annual sales of the company, of which he was vice president, approximated 'tr.iHi.iiiKl. This plant, together with the Saginaw specialty Co., of whi.-h be was likewise He was vice-president, occupied an entire block. also organizer and president of the Saginaw lee & Coal Co.; charter member and president of the Saginaw Building & Loan Association; vice-president of the Pordney Hotel Co. and the Riverside farmer, who for years also served as justice Coal Mining Co., and was interested in various Frederick Dickinson was educated other commercial, industrial or financial instituof the peace. at the Guilford (N.Y.) Academy, and at sixteen tions, including the Hank of Saginaw, National years of age went to Hinghamton, N. Y., where Grocery Co., and the Koenitzer Tanning Co. Alhe secured employment with a merchant, named though his business were of an activities lie removed to Chicago, 111., in He I'ue. 1856, absorbing nature, yet he found time for public aiel from that time until 1902, when he retired politics, affairs, ami was active in Republican from active business cares, lie took a strenuous participating in campaign work as a Stump He in tie' in served tinhouse of civic, part commercial, financial, municipal speaker. Michigan A few years, as a representatives during is;.:; 96, and during that and social life of the city. mittee on ng man, were spent in the employ of others time was chairman of the important c but lie soon formed a partnership with John I'. corporations, and was author of some notable railHe served on the staff of Gov. Best, in the wholesale grocery ami ship supply road legislation. business, which continued until tie' establishment Pingree; was chairman of the board of review; lie bemember of the heard of supervisors and of the was destroyed in the great lire of s7 1. came a im rubor of the Cliieago Hoard of Trade as West Side business u ss. M ia hi and was an adlie was married May mads, early as I860, retaining his membership in this vocate of g lie was fond ot. organization until bis retire 2, ls7,"i, to Anna, daughter "f Charles Ganschow, .-I There is one surdoors lite; was an excellent -led, a splen- of Saginaw; she died in 1905. did swimmer anil oarsman, a keen fisherman and viving child: Bertha, wife of Landon E. Swan, lb- was a nature lover in the broadest Sense. He died at Saginaw, Mich., Sept. 29, Saginaw. deeply interested in the genealogy of his own fam- 1915. in lso; published the "Descendant of THOMPSON. Richard Edward, soldier, was ily, and Thomas Dickinson of Wethersfield, Conn." con bom in Union, Me., Jan. s 1848, SOD of Robert a. of the must systematically ami and Nancy Ann (Gilmore) Thompson, . lucidly arranged works of this description extant. Irish ancestry. member of tlie llinois Society of the [., ami when fourteen 3 ai s of agi ami Sons of the American Revolution, having .\ I.- lieserved six weeks with the marine light as its registrar, president, secretary and life bon In 1864 he entered West Point Military artillery. lie Rhode Island bj compel itive examorary secretary, an office created for him. abo a member of the Society of i-luit B68 w hen he WBS OSS ing in the and of to tin[Jnion League Club, Chicago, s. infantry whi.h he joined at CharWars, 6th and a communicant of St. Mark's Proti Then followed several years of cam leston, S. C. broad minded, kindly, Episcopal Church. He was ing hi the west against hostile Indians, where Christian gentleman, intensely interested in ami elf in action riends. CI Ci eel adian Ti n at Bee loyal tu his family, his country a He di-piayed that courage which do dangei could 1872. He t oedit ion an I. diow which explored and mapped the Yd intellectual ni. daunt, power which commanded a nd a a acbie\ ed disl incl ion, After ad a me Park. tow of National pei high ni duly n bich made bim universa llj beloved, He duty at Wi Point a- tactical oilier ho v. .Ian. to of was married 24, 1861, Julia, daughter again ordered west and was made chief C01I1Willi- Booth, a lumbei merchant of iv tn Aiti.d in Tei ry bit Gen. Pittsburgh, Bull in On 1876. Pa.J She survives him, with three sons: pedition Sitting against ;

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Pusey, a

mining

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John Ralph, of

the

reaching

his

first

I

utenantcy

in

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

22

Hazt'u appointed him regimental adjutant. lie served with his regiment in Dakotah Territory, as assigned to Colorado, and Utah, and in 1886 the school of instruction at Fort Myer, Va., from whence lie was soon ordered to Washington, \>. ('., to make weather predictions in the U. S. signal in office addition to regular military duties. In 1S91 he became captain in the newly organlie served at the World's Fair ized signal corps, in Chicago. 1892.93: Texas, 1893-95 and St. Paul, At the outbreak of the Spanish Minn.. 1892-98. war he was ordered to Tampa and Key West, Fla., as military censor and acting chief of the signal corps forces. Subsequently he was sent to the Philippines on General Wesley Merritt 's staff as chief officer of the signal Eighth Army Corps. He distinguished himself at the cap tare of Manila and was recommended for the rank of colonel brevet of volunteers "for gallantry at Manila Bay, August 13, 1898." Maj.-Gen. T. M. Anderson in a report to the adjutant general of the army refers to Maj. Thomp"a son's ''effective work'' and more es] ially to task of great difficulty and danger when Major Thompson on the evening of August 12 came through the surf in a small native boat during a raging storm to bring orders and instructions of

importance to General Anderson from Merritt on the Newport, i. e., the definite orders for the attack of Manila the following day and also orders to request the Insurgent Chief Aguinaldo to prevent his soldiers joinextreme General

attack and entering the city." lie was in action against the insurgents in Manila and near Caloocan in February, 1899, and in the capture of Malolos in March, 1899, ami the following month he was appointed major in the regular army; he was military censor during his In 1900 he reentire tour in the Philippines. turned to the United States with impaired health, a nd for two years thereafter was stationed in Washington, D. C. Later he was in command of the signal corps post at Fort Myer, Va., 1902-03 (while there he reached his lieutenant colonelcy), ing

in

the

triotic zeal served in the colonial

wars.

William

and revolutionary

Norris, father of the -ubject. was a planter. The son received his education in private schools in Wake county. lie early en tered upon a business career, and until his death was a cotton factor and wholesale grocery merII.

chant of Raleigh. He was well rewarded in his commercial ambitions, and his was a record of undaunted, persistent effort and stainless, unimAssociated from his youth peachable integrity. with the leading business men of the city, his innate abilities expanded in an atmosphere which fostered their rapid development, and he quickly advanced to a commanding position in the commercial life of the city. He was ever an indulgent husband and father. No one could meet him without having the highest appreciation for his sterling qualities of manhood or without being at traded by Ids genial nature. Self-reliant, buoy ant in disposition, strictly upright in all his trans actions, he compelled the unquestioning confidence of men of affairs and won and held the esteem of a large circle of friends. He was married Sept. ''. Is7(i, to Cornelia A., daughter of Jesse A. Nor X. She survives him. lis, of Wake county. with four children: Mary, wife of Henry A. Coles, Atlanta, Ga.; Ethel, wife of Joel King Marshall, wife of James Willa, McKimnion, Raleigh; Raleigh, and Ruby, wife of Jacob Crawford, Marti nsburg, W. A'a. He died at Raleigh, N. C, Jan. ( '.

16, 1915.

PAXTON, William McClung,

lawyer

and

author, was born at Washington, Mason co., Ky., Mar. 2, 1819, son of James Alexander and Maria (Marshall) Paxton. His earliest paternal American ancestor came from the north of Ireland at the beginning of the 18th century and settled in southern Pennsylvania, the line of descent being traced through his son John, and his wife Martha Blair; their son John and his wife Phoebe Alexander, and their son James and his wife Phoebe McClung, who were the grandparents of William

McClung Paxton. His father, a prominent lawyer, removed to Columbus, O., in 1X22, where his wide Vancouver barracks, Washington, 190304, and knowledge and brilliant oratory introduced him In the fall of 1904 he was again into an extensive practice. He served in the Seattle, 1904. ordered to the Philippines as chief signal officer of Indian wars as aide to Gens. Shelby and Harrison. In February, 1906, he was promoted The son was educated at Augusta College, Ky., the division. to be colonel and returned home in October of that the Catholic Athenaeum, Cincinnati, now St. XavHe was at the Presidio of San Francisco, ier's College and Center College, Danville, Ky. In year. 1906-07, and Seattle, 1907-11, where he was in 1838 he began the study of law in the office of Mccharge of the cable and telegraph system of Clung & Taylor, Washington, Ky. was admitted to Alaska. He retired from active service while on the bar in 1839, and after practicing his profession duty in Chicago, dan. 18, 1912. He was married for a few months removed to Martinsville, Platte in St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 12, 1877, to Margaret co., Mo., where for nine years he was engaged in Holt, daughter of the Hon. Henry M. Rice, first agricultural pursuits. In 1*33 he settled at Platte U. S. senator from Minnesota, and had four City, which he had helped survey and lay out, and children: Rachel New bold, Henry Rice, Richard there became a general merchant. That same year Edwin| and Margaret Matilda Rice. He died in he and his partner purchased the Platte City Water Mills, but at the close of the civil war resumed Seattle. Wash., Sept. 11, 1014. NORMS, Matthew Tyson, merchant, was his law practice, in which he met. with unique sucborn in Wake CO., N. C, Dee. 19, 1849, son of cess, and for a period was the partner of Joseph William H. and Mary (Yates) Norris, and a E. Merryman, under the firm style of Merryman descendant of the Norris family favored in Eng- & Paxton. He was also cashier of the private land in the time of Queen Elizabeth. His earliest bank of Merryman, Paxton & Cockrill, and he paternal American ancestor came to Virginia made an abstract of titles of Platte county, a soon after the settlement of that colony, the line business he carried on for some years. He found of descent being through one of his descendants compensation for the loss of his hearing in literary who in 1744 removed from Virginia to North composition, writing "A Century Hence and Carolina, having extensive land grants from the Other Poems" (1880); "The Marshall Family," Earl of Granville. On the maternal side his an- a genealogical work (1885); "Poems" (1887); cestors included the Booth and Yates families, "Annals of Platte County" (1897) "The Paxton who purchased lands from the crown and from the Family," an historical and genealogical work All were staunch sup- (1903); "Baptism is by Affusion" (1907), and, state as early as 1742. porters of American independence, and with pa- in 1907, another volume of poems. In recognition ;

;

RICHARD

E.

Tin >MPS
N

\\ II.

1.

1

AM

M. P \\

MATTHEW

T.

XORRIS

MERCHANT

SOI DIER

H

iN

LAWYER Wl> \UTHOR

NELSON pm St( \N I

\

DRAKI

VND SURl

OF

AMKIiK'AN

nf his literary ability I'.-trk College conferred upon him the degree of 1. 1. .If. in 1913. Notwithstand ing rapidly failing vision he wrote almost to the day of his death, using :i magnifying glass to He was :i Mason, an ardent Prohibit aid him. 1st, mi elder in the Presbyterian church for nearly half M century, and one of the best known Sunday He was a man of school workers in Missouri. must generous and unselfish impulses in whose nature warm and noble humanity prevailed above all other characteristics. He was married Oct. 1, 1840, to Mary, daughter of Ezekiel Forman, a farmer of Washington, Ky. She died in 1903, Mr died leaving one child, Phoebe M. Paxton. at Platte City Mo., July 21, 1916.

DRAKE,

Nelson Asaph, physician ami

liloCKACHY.

Iowa ami Kansas Medical societies; Missouri, American ami British Medical associations, ami the International Association of Railway Sur geons; was a 32d degree Mason, ami when ill Iowa

served as district grand master for that state. He was founder an, editoi of the "Medical Index," Kansas City, tin, a frequent contributor to the "Journal of Railway Surgeons" and to "Cot of the Rush Medical College. cle," organ I

I

He was married at Evansville, Anna C, daughter of John hihlren: May ami had thr to

R. in

at settle,! in."::, Devonshire, England, in Mass., and was a soldier in King His wife was .lane llollirook. and l'liili[>'s war. from them the line of descent is traced through tlieir son John and his wife Sarah Eking; their son Joseph and Ms wife Mercy Smith: their son Thomas and his wife Mary Mauley, and their son Solomon and his wife Cylinda Scott, who were the grandparents of Nelson Asaph Drake. Joseph Drake (III) served in the French and Indian was wars. The family represented at the Lexington Alarm 1775) by eighteen minute men, includ in i^ Thomas Drake (IV i, who subsequently served as sergeant in the revolutionary war. ('apt. Solomon Drake, grandfather of the Bubject, was in command of a company at the battle of 1 Matt sved from Massachusetts to 1812); he re burg Vermont in 1805, there founding the town of Ransom Drake, father of the subject, Bristol. was farmer and mill owner. Upon the removal of the family to Wisconsin, Nelson Asaph Drake liecame a student at Evansville (Wis.) Seminary. At the outbreak of the civil war he enlisted in the 22nd Wis. Vol. Inf.. ami was attached to the field He was captured ami held for hospital corps. four months in Libby prison ami when his regiment was exchanged he resumed his duties in the the post of hospital field, being advanced Bteward ol the -'"l division, 20th army corps. After the war he studied for two years ;,f Hills, lale (Mich.) College, when he entire. the medical ami chemical departments of the Universitj of Michigan, ami was graduated at Rush Medical College, In that Chicago, in 1868, with the degree M.I'.

ton,

Weymouth,

i

t

i

Wis., Oct. 22, .limes, of

1868,

Lima.

O.,

wife of William .lames; Delia E., and Nina A. Drake, lie ,li-,| Kansas City, Mo., Jan. 9, 1913. Portrait opposite

page

A.,

2&.

CARROLL,

sur-

geon, was born at Hinckley, Medina co., O., June 14, 1842, sun of Ransom and Electa Bason (8e\ His earliest paternal American erance) Drake. ancestor was Thomas Drake, who came from Colj

23

Patrick John,

capitalist,

was born

Urbana, .. .Ian. 20, 1861, sou of Patrick Berrj and Mary (Qoomy) Carroll, who came from Cork, In 1864 his parents removed Ireland, about t848. t,, He attended the Brothers Port Wayne, Iml. School until he was fourteen. Upon leaving school he became a moulder's helper at the Bass Foundry & Machine Co. In 1882 he obtained a position tit his trade with the BuCyrUS (O.) Steam Shovel & Dredge Works, and subsequently worked as moulder tit Oil city, Pa., ami Shelby, 0., but after two years returned to Bucyrus ami made that place his permanent home. Resuming his former position he soon proved his worth ami was foreman when the company remove,| to Milwaukee. He remained tit Bucyrus', however, and in 1892 purchased the foundry ami machine works of the Campbell Frog & Crossing Co., elianging the name Machine Works. He to tlie Carroll Fnumlry developed the Grey Iron Foundry and made the plant one of the best equipped in the state, and Its chief product the chief industry of Bucyrus. is the "Ohio" locomotive crane use. in most of the railway shop yards and great industrial plants of at

iSi

I

He secure, the cast iron contracts the country. from the Toledo \ Ohio Central Railway Co. New I

i

fork Centra]

and

lines),

his

company prospered

such tin extent that the luisiness outgrew the In capacity of the plant within a few years. 1898 he purchased the plant of the Gibbony Radi ator Co., North Bucyrus, and there the larger to

operations of the Carroll company were cent,!,'! As business increase, he gradually expanded his Interests until Ins activities in the industrial world were BCattered over a large area of the state of ohm. Prom the beginning of his career as a manufacturer there were in evidence his extraordinary acumen, keen ami quick perception, dom I

inating

will,

tireless

energy,

.ami

irreproachable

began the practice of in- profession at honesty, all of which lent a splendid success to any His interests were man', Ossian, Winneshiek eo., la., ami Iniilt up a large enterprise he tonche,!. general practice. There was httle opportunity for but his pride was ever concentrate, m the foundry him, however, in the department of Burgery, tor and machine winks which he considered thefoundlie was president of the Car which he was preeminently title, I, and aftei post ation of ins wealth, graduate courses at Jefferson Medical College, mil Foundry & Machine Co., Bucyrus steel Cast Philadelphia, ami the College of Physicians an, ing Co., Ohio Locomotive Crane Co., Bucyrus RubNow fork, he settle, In Kansas City, ber Co., ami Brokensword stone Co.; vice president -, Sure;, Mo., in 1881, where hi- exceptional talents met an of the Bucyrus Lumber Co.. Bucyrus Light a His -.tho'- were Power Co., and the First National Bank of Bucy immediate and merited success. For ami a director in the Bucyrus City Bank, lie particularly Bought by railroad companies. for the twenty eight years he was surg bicago, had extensive real estate holdings at Bucyrus, 0., Hock Island i Pacific Railroad Co., .an, for He was a long Port Wain,', Iml., ami other places. served the Chicago, Milwaukee ,v st. Paul conspicuous figure in the life ,,t A pen,,, Bucyrus. He was r. s. examining surgeon workman himself he knew workers. He was kin, Railroad Co. (for pen-ions) during 1885 B9; was a member of to his employees who in turn were loyal to him. the surgical stall" of All Saints an ami lie never experience, am strikes ,,, labor 'lilli bos was frequently called in consultation culties. lie was an, member of the Benevolent ami pitals, lie was a charter memProtective Order of Klks ami the Knights of Col iy private practitioners, His religious affiliations were with the ber ami past president (1884 B5) of the Jackson inn!, ns. Roman Catholic church, lie found Ins chief recCounty Medical Society; member year he

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA

24 reation in fishing.

He was

married

Fell. IS, 1896,

Phoebe, daughter of John Strawbridge, an engineer, of Bucyrus, . she survives him, with three children: Robert, Eleanor and John Carroll. He died at Bucyrus, 0., Jan. 20, 1916. to

;

MUELLER, George Wilheim, merchant, was born at Huntington, Ind., Oct. 2, 1863, son of Franz and Eugenia (Boeder) Mueller. George William Eoder, the maternal grandfather of the subject and a native of Caub, on the Middle Khine, was a distinguished educator; he fought in the chief battles of the Napoleonic wars, and at Waterloo saved the honor of the regiment of After the charge the Duke of Nassau Nassau. dismounted, called Eoder to him, removed his highest order of Nassau and placed it on Roder's breast. Prof. Franz Mueller, our subject's father, was born near Berlin, Germany, and came to this country early in the nineteenth century, locating first at Newark, O., where he conducted a music store and finall}' settled at Bloomington, 111.; he was a celebrated music master and a composer of note. George W. Mueller was educated in the public and high schools of Bloomington, and at Illinois Wesleyan University. He left the latter institution two months before graduating, and for eleven years thereafter was associated with the wholesale grocery house of J. S. Eoush & Sons, In 1886 he removed to Chicago Bloomington. where he was employed by various wholesale firms as bookkeeper or salesman, including Nelson Morris &

He then beCo., and W. F. McLaughlin & Co. came traveling salesman for Franklin McVeagh & Co. During 1891-92 he was part owner and manager of the p]lkhom (Mont.) Trading Co., and in 1893 he assumed the management of the cigar department of Franklin McVeagh & Co., Chicago, resigning in 1899 because of impaired health. Meanwhile, he organized a mail order and advertising business under the firm style of George W. Mueller & Co., Chicago. In 1898, with Cyrus E. Wheeland and F. M. Young, he bought the wholesale grocery business of Young Brothers & Maris Co., at Decatur, 111., the new firm name being It had a capital Mueller, Young & Wheeland Co. stock of $20,011(1, which the following year was In 1901 the business was increased to $40,000. Later Mr. Young's inentirely destroyed by fire. terest was purchased by E. M. Piatt and C. M. Luling, and the firm name was changed to Muel-

stale hoard reduced He was likewise a

these rates twenty per cent of the Illinois State

member

Manufacturers' and Merchants' Association, which was similarly interested in this campaign, lie was an initial director and member of the executive committee of the Illinois Commercial Federation, organized in 1911; was especially active in bringing together all the commercial clubs of the state under one head, and he was interested in legislation affecting wholesalers and manufacturers in

He was a member of the Illinois Manugeneral. facturers' Association, and in 1914, as a member of its travel committee, practically organized the to South America. Hi' possessed a fine trip sense of civic duty and was active in every movement for better government. In 1908 he joined the Legislative Voters' League of Illinois, which had fur its object the suppression of objectionable

men

in

politics.

He was a

strenuous worker

in

the cause of temperance, and was appointed by Gov. Deneen delegate to the convention of the anti-saloon league, Washington, 1912. He was delegate to the national convention of the Progressive party, Chicago, 1912. In 1902 he organized and became president of the Decatur Chautauqua Association. He was a member of the National Geographic Society, Travelers' Protective Association, Tribe of Ben Hur, Modern Woodmen of

America, Masonic lodge, Phi Delta Theta fraterUniversity Club and the Decatur Club. He was married Nov. 26, 1891, to Irene L., daughter of Almaron J. Moon, a merchant of Lexington, 111.; she survives him. He died on the steamship Imperator, enroute from Hamburg. Germany, to New York, June 1, 1914. WOLCOTT. Erastus Bradley, surgeon, was born in Benton, Yates co., N. Y., Oct. 18, 1804, son of Elisha and Anna (Hull) Wolcott. His first American ancestor was Henry Wolcott who came nity,

from

England in 1630, settling at Dorchester, and later in Windsor, Conn., and was an His early magistrate in the Connecticut colony. wife was Elizabeth Saunders, and from them the Mass.,

line of descent is traced

through their son Simon, their son Henry, who married Jane Allyn; their son Thomas, who married their son Gideon, who married Hannah Woodworth, and was the grand father of the subject of this sketch. Erastus B. Wolcott attended the public schools of his native Piatt & Wheeland Co. The interests of county and Fairfield Medical College, Fairfield, ler, Messrs. Piatt and Luling later being sold, C. 1. N. Y. He studied medicine and surgery under Will came into the firm, and in 1912 C. J. Tucker Dr. Joshua Lee, an eminent surgeon of New York. was likewise admitted to partnership. At the time K ived a diploma from the Yates County Medi of the death of the subject the capital stock was cal Society in 1825 and a degree in medicine and $100,000, with individual surplus of $53,000; the surgery from the College of Physicians and Surhouse carried a stock valued at $100,000, covered geons of Western New York in 1833. On Jan. 1, a territory within a radius of one hundred and 1836, he was appointed surgeon in the I". S. army fifty miles of Decatur, employed a dozen traveling and was then stationed at Ft. Mackinaw, Wis. salesmen, and enjoyed an annual business of three Eesigning in 1838 he went tt Milwaukee, where he

Much of this phequarters of a million dollars. nomenal success was due entirely to the extraordinary acumen, keen and quick perception, indomitable will and exact method of George W. Mueller. His manifold energy and almost ceaseless activity would have assured the success of any enterprise Every progressive commercial movement in central Illinois had his support, and he was an organizer and director of the Decatur Chamber of Commerce. During 1902-04 he was the dominant factor in the successful campaign made by the Decatur Manufacturers' and Jobbers' Association for a reduction of freight rates in that territory, the association spending thousands of dollars in pressing After four years of heroic effort the the case.

who married Martha Pitkin; ;

practised his profession for over forty years. He was the first surgeon to remove a human kidney, and his successful operations were cited in German text books. Dr. Wolcott was connected with some of the earliest enterprises of the state. He built the first mills at West Head, Washington co., Wis., with He and, others, the first mill at Humboldt. was one of the prime movers in building the first railroad in the state from Milwaukee to the MissisFor many years he was a trustee of the sippi. Northwestern Life Insurance Co. and of the Wisconsin Hospital for the Insane. He was appointed surgeon of the state militia in 1842; was commissioned colonel of a regiment of militia in~ 1846, and in the same year major-general of the 1st di-

'-^

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

OP

the

Wisconsin militia, and held throughout war the position of surgeon-genera] of

of

vision

I'ivil

I" Wisconsin with the rank of brigadier-general. 1866 he was appointed by congress manager of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, which he bad been instrumental in having located in Milwaukee. Dr. Wolcott was appointed by Gov. Pairchild to represent Wisconsin at the Universal exposition in Paris in married (1) Apr. 14, 1836,

Michael

daughter of

Mackinaw, Wis.;

sin-

l

s i;7.

to

Dousman, died

in

He was twice Elizabeth

Jane, founder of Ft. I860 and he was a

married (2) Oct 12, 1869, to Laura J., daughter hi James Ross of York, Me. She was one of the pioneer women in the study of natural sciences, and one of the 6rst women who graduated in medicine and received hospital instruction in tins He had five children: Catharine .lane; country. Arthur W.; Marian Jane, who married Col. Theo dore STates; Douglas D. and Herro Wolcott. Dr. Wolcott died in Milwaukee. Wis.. Jan. L880. ."..

PECK,

George, capitalist and philanthropist, was born at Old Lyme, Conn., Nov. 5, 1834, s,,n Ilis tirst ill' Lee) Peck. George B. and Elizabeth paternal American ancestor was William Peck, a native of London, England, who came to this country in ld::7, settled at Saybrook, Conn., and two years later became one of the founders of tl lony of New Haven; from him the line of descent is traced through his son Joseph; his son Joseph; Ids s,,n Nathaniel and his wife Lucy son Mather his and wife their Mather; Esther Colt, and their son Joseph and his wife Anna Reed, who were the grandparents His father was a of the subject of this sketch. farmer.

George Peck received

Ids education in the native town and at Essex At the age of fourteen he (Conn.) Academy. went tn tica, -\. V.. and entered the dry goods house of his uncle, .lames |{. Wells. 1 ls.,7 he removed to Detroit, Mich., and in association with .lames the firm of .lames Frisbie established is merchants. This partnerFriabie Co., dry g ship was dissolved in 1870 and be Btarted in busiii nt nwii a In 1871 Joseph and

public

of

schools

his

I

ov.

.

Walter Sparling, and William II. Elliott, were ad mitted into partnership, and the firm became known as George I'eek & Co., one of the leading Mr. Peck was president of enterprises of Detroit. this concern and later of the George Peck Dry x ^ s he Bold his Is In G CO., of Kansas City. l

the business to his partners so thai he mighl devote his entire attention to the Michigan Savings Bank. This institution being subjected to d run by the depositors, the directors held a )ting and elected Mr. Peck president in 1800, which He was also ..Hire he lieM until hiileath. president of the Detroit Edison illuminating Co. from the time of its organization; vice-president and organizer of the Detroit Trust Co.; vicepresident of the Detroit Pire and Marine Insur.1 fe ance o ector hi the Michigan nsu andler Radi Co.; Michigan Sugar Beel Co., the ator Co., the White star Line, was prominently identified with the firm "I Nelson, Baker & Co., ami was also an act ive member of he board of commerce. Many general philan interest

in

i

'

1

I

the inmates of the asylum were numerous hrialso gave liberally to the young Men's He was) married Oct. 28, s ",tian Association. to Sarah Prisbie, daughter of Samuel Butler, a manufacturer and real estate dealer of Grand

to all

He




cuts Abroad" and the friendship id' the two men led to the meeting and marriage of Mr. Clemens and Gen Langdon 's sister Olivia. It was -

-

I

r

r

said of Gen. Langdon in F.lmira at the time of his death, that he was "a man whose integrity of character, unselfish spirit, broad sympathies and unstinted generosity made him a citizen beloved l, v His secret charities were as wide as his nil." He possess d that sense of 1. knowledge of n honor which is the vital essence of the gentleman. He was married Oct. 12, 1870, to Ida, daughter t .lell'erson liurr Clark, a business man of F.lmira, who survives him with three children: Jervis, who succeeded to his father's interests; Julia Olivia, wife of Edward 10. Loomis, president of the Lehigh Valley l.'aili Co., ami Ida Lang

had many Ups and downs during his long a manager; but he rode all storms easily, and when funds ran short, it is said he could command the best talent ill New York at reduced for he was accounted or even for nothing, rates, most generous of men, and few among the til. entertainers had not been assisted by him some He was known as much for time in their careers. his powers of finding young talent wasting in Lillian obscurity as for his ready sympathies. Annie Yeain.ui-. Helen Danvray. May don, an educator. lie died at Flmira, X. Y.. Russell, Iwin, .Neil liurgess, Nov. lit, 1916. trwin, Francis Wilson, .Nat (i Ed. Harrigan, Tony Hart, Gus Williams, Evans and ANDERSON, Jefferson, Randoph. lawyer, lloey, Harry ami John Kernell, Han Duly, was Porn in Savannah, Ga., Sept. 4, lSb'l, son of Denman Thompson, William ,1. Seanlon, doe Edward Clifford, Jr., ami .lane Margaret (Ran Weber, Lou Fields and many others who became dolph) Anderson, grandson of George Wayne and theatrical stars, had been liberally encouraged by Eliza Clifford (Stites) Anderson, greal grandson la March, l'JUS, the of George and Eliza Clifford (Wayne! Anderson him in their early careers, forty-third anniversary of his career as a manager and great great grandson of 'apt. George Andcr was publicly celebrated. He was long a vice- son, who came from Berwick-on-Tweed, England, in president of the Actors' Fund, and was trustee 1761, and settled "in Savannah, Ga., about I763;his He was wjf e was Deborah Grant. On the maternal side of various charitable organizations. twice married, and died at Blmhurst, Long Island, he is a descendant of Thomas Jefferson, thud Edward Clifford Aug. I'll. 1908. president of the United States. LANGDON, Charles Jervis, capitalist, was Anderson, father of the subject, was a banker; born in Elmira, N. Y.. Aug. 1:;, 1849, son of Jervis |. succeeded to the colonelcy of the 7tli Ca. cav His father moved a lry at the battle of Trevillians station, in VirOlivia (Lewis) Langdon. in Tin' sou attended the public schools ,.f 1838 from Oneida to Millport, Chemung co., ginia. N. Y., then a very busy mart occupied with the Savannah, Chatham County High School. Han activities of the Chemung canal; engaged there in V or Academy, Hanover county. \'a.. and was grad the lumber industry, and subsequently settled in uated at the law school of the University ol Vii Flmira where he became a dominant influence in ginia in 1885 with the degree of LL.B. Meanwhile. Under the firm n isse go studied history, literature and civil business, social and civic affairs. name .1. Lniigduu & Co., he operated anthracite aw under he preceptorship of the celebrated JU mines ami held important coal contracts with min- ,ist, Prof. lining, at the University oi Gottin He was known as an gen, Germany. lb' was admitted to the ing and railroad companies. ardent abolitionist and a conductor of the "underin that year began the prac Virginia in 1885, and s i"ll his (j,.,, n f |,j Savannah. Ga., in ass,, ground railroad.'' poll his death in profession in only sou Charles Jervis Langdon assumed the man- ciation with .lodge Walter Scott Chisholm (q. v.), agement of the large business left him, and not- ,,ne of the most distinguished corporation lawyers f Georgia. In 1887 he took a course at the Fast withstanding his extreme youth successfully r^u ducted its affairs and largely added to the family Commercial College, Poughkcepsie, X. \\. af f fortunes. Becau the changed commercial ter which he opened Ins own office in Savannah. |s;ui 1,,. entered the law firm of Charlt M conditions, the contracts which .1. Langdon & Co. had with coal mines and railways were not re M.ackall as junioi partner, and in Is'.'l the linn newel after 1905. Mr. Langdon therefore devoted became Charlton, Mackall .\ Anderson, and s,, eon I'astor

career

a--

i

1

I

I

.-i

>

i

.

i

,,

| lt

,

I

|

;

I

l

,,.,

|

of other holdings to the management which weie sufficiently large to require the con ducting ol an active office, and for more than half over the a century the si^-u ,,f .1. Langdon & ,,., Baldwin street office, has remained unchanged,

himself


I

A

testant Episcopal Church, and his political affiliation with the Republican party. He finds his chief recreation in reading and studying. He was married at Oil City, Pa., Jan. 2, 1901, to Cornelia Fuller, daughter of Dr. Samuel Earp, a Protestant Episcopal clergyman and educator, of Oil City, and has five children: John Earp, Edwin Van

is

Deusen, Jr., Elizabeth, George Samuel, and William Kirkpatrick Selden. GILL, Thomas Henry, lawyer, was born at Madison, Wis., Apr. 7, 1858, son of William J., .ind Hannah (Lantry) Gill. His father, a native of Ontario, Can., became one of the pioneer railroad builders of Wisconsin. The son received his preliminary education in the public school of Madison; was graduated at the University of Wisconsin fluence in the industrial and commercial life of in 1S77, ami later at the law school of that instithat city is necessarily felt. He is a man of tutiun, in 1878, with the degree LL.B. Meanwhile quick perception, extraordinary acumen, inflex- he had been appointed, in 1S74, deputy clerk in the He was married federal courts at Madison, subsequently becoming ible will and resistless energy. (first) Nov. 9, 1858, to Phebe Ann, daughter of master in chancery, in which capacity he continued Morris Shipley, of Peekskill, N. Y. She died in for several years following his admission to the 1901, and he was married (second) Oct. 10, 1911, bar in 1878. In 1879 he began the active practice to Rebecca Reynolds, daughter of Isaac Secor, of of his profession at Madison, and the next year He has one surviving child, formed a partnership with Henry .1. Taylor, under Ossining. N. Y. Charles Puller. the firm name of Gill & Taylor, which continued SELDEN, Edwin Van Deusen, oil producer, two years. In 1883 he became associated with banker and oil refiner, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Judge Elisha W. Keyes, under the style of Keyes Dec. 23, 1858, son of George Shattuck and Eliza- & Gill. Shortly thereafter he abandoned his law beth Wright (Clark) Selden. His earliest paternal practice to assume the management of a wholesale American ancestor was Thomas Selden, who came tobacco business, but in 1887 became claim agent from Ilroadlands, Kent, England, about 1635, and of the Wisconsin Central Railroad Co., remaining was one of the original settlers at Hartford, Conn., identified with the legal department of that road in 1636. His wife was Hester Wakeman, and the until 1908. He was made assistant general soliciline of descent is traced through their son Joseph tor in 1890, when the lines of the company were and his wife Rebecca Church; their son Samuel leased by the Northern Pacific Railroad Co., and and his wife Deborah Dudley; their son Samuel and he was retained in the same office by the leasing his wife Elizabeth Ely; their son George and company, with headquarters in Chicago. When the his wife Olive West, and their son George and his lease was surrendered, in 1893, and receivers were wife Louise Sophie Shattuck, who were the grand- appointed for the Wisconsin Central, he was reIn George tained by the receivers as general attorney. parents of Edwin Van Deusen Selden. Selden, his grandfather, was one of the foremost 1906 he was appointed general solicitor, which lawyers of his day in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and office, he resigned in 1908 to engage in general Meadville. George Shattuck Selden, his father, practice in Milwaukee. Together with Arthur R. likewise practiced law in Pittsburgh and Phila- Barry and Henry Mahoney he formed the firm The latter retired in delphia, and was especially qualified in patent of Gill, Barry & Mahoney. cases, himself being an inventor of considerable 1912 and the style was changed to Gill & Barry, merit. He was a pioneer in extracting oil from continuing until September, 1916, when the firm Edwin Van Deusen Selden was dissolved and Mr. Gill engaged in the indecannel-coal, in 1855. received his preliminary education in public and pendent practice of his profession. He is a of the Milprivate schools at Meadville and in Philadelphia, member Milwaukee, University, subsequently attending the Episcopal Academy in waukee Athletic and Chicago Automobile clubs, He then studied law for a year the University of Wisconsin Alumni Association the latter city. under his father and later engaged for a number and the Psi Upsilon fraternity. He is the owner of of years in the oil brokerage business in Oil City, a splendid library, covering the gamut of the best He was one of the first of the petroleum in literature; has collected many fine works of Pa. brokers to realize that speculation in oil certifi- art, and finds his chief recreation amid the joys cates was passing, and turned his attention to re- and comforts of his own home. He was married In 1897, in partnership with James A. June 30, 1904, to Laura Alice, daughter of Robert fining oil. Fawcett, he established the Crystal Oil Works, at M. Sceets, of Milwaukee, Wis. They have one Oil City. He was first lieutenant and quarter- daughter, Elizabeth, and two sons Robert and master 16th regiment infantry, National Guard of William Gill. DARLINGTON, William McCullough, SawPennsylvania, during 188895, colonel of the 21st regiment, 1898-1900, and lieut.-colonel and yer and historian, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., division inspector of rifle practice during 1900-05. May 1, 1815, son of Benjamin and Agnes Col. Selden is also president of the Venango Se- (McCullough) Darlington, grandson of Amos and curity, Building & Loan Association, and the Home Elizabeth (Dowel) Darlington, and a descendant Saving & Loan Association,- and a director of the of Abraham Darlington, who came from Bngland Citizens' Banking Co. Since 1900 he has been in 1711 and settled in Chester county, Pa. He was president of the Oil City Oil Exchange. He is a graduated at Jefferson (now Washington and member of the Founders and Patriots of America, Jefferson) College, and after studying law, began Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of the Revolution, the practice of his profession in Mobile, Ala. He Colonial Society of Pennsylvania, of the Ivy and was quite successful, one case of noted importance Venango clubs, Oil City, and of the Masonic frater- being a Spanish land claim, which he won for the He is a warden and vestryman of Christ Pro- defendant. He went to Pittsburgh on a visit, and nity.

OLIVER

F.

FULLER

MERCHANT

THOMAS

H.

feAWYEK

GILL

EDWIN

V. D.

SELDEX

MERCHANT

WILLIAM

M.

DARLINGTON

LAWYER

OF AMERICAN

BIOGRAPHY.

1(5;-.

remain there, and served in the He intended to enlist Pittsburgh city council. in the civil war, but was urged not to do so by his family because his three brothers were alAn enthusiastic sportsman, ready in the army. he was for years a member of the Winow 's Point Shooting Club, of Sandusky Bay, O. He was an authority on natural history, and collected many The chief part books on sport and outdoor life. of his library of more than 11,000 volumes, howFor years he was engaged in ever, is Americana. studying and writing about the early history of the country, particularly Western Pennsylvania and Ohio. He was a member of several historical societies, first vice-president of the Pennsylvania

time cultivating flowers. At one time he was fond of boating and was a good tennis player. An expert marksman himself, he was well acquainted with the history of firearms and weapons of all kinds, but at the shooting club showed a preference for the study of the habits of wild fowl and other animals, ralher than the pleasure of shooting them. As executor under his father's will he had many business cares, but never lost his love for books and flowers. In public meetings he was an attractive speaker. Twice he traveled through Europe with his family, visiting also Egypt, Turkey and Greece. He' was a member of the Yale Alumni Association, Pennsylvania His-

Historical Society, and compiled and published "Illustrative Notes to Journal of Colonel John Hay, of Boston, 1788-89 "; "Christopher Gist's

and in former years the Winou's Point Shooting Club (O.) and the Pittsburg Amateur PhotoIn appearance he was tall and graphic Society. well built, and possessed a reserved, shy. and kindly He never married and died at his disposition. home, Guyasuta Farm, near Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 22, 1916, survived by two sisters. ALLEN, Peter, physician and surgeon, was born in Norwich, Conn., July 1, 1787, son of John and Tirzah (Morgan) Allen. His first American

finally decide*! to

"An

Journals, with Notes and Biographies," and Appendix of Illustrative Notes to Colonel Smith Narrative of Captivity with the Indians, 1755-59. '

'

"s '

He always maintained though he

his interest in legal affairs, relinquished his practice many years

In 18S8, upon the completion prior to his death. of the new Allegheny county courthouse, he received the keys from the county commissioners by reason of being the oldest member of the bar. With his family he twice visited Europe. His In addition conversation was always interesting. to his literary knowledge and his wealth of historic incident, he had known man}' of the leading men of his day, and remembered well the visit of Gen. Lafayette to Pittsburgh in 1S25. Loyal to friend and to conviction, with the buoyancy of an unconquerable spirit, the frankness of perfect courage, and with a perfect treasure house of varied information, he was one of the most delightful companions to those to whom he gave the privilege His life covered the Mexiof his companionship. can war, the civil war, the settlement of the West, and his memory, through the verbal accounts given him by those of an older generation, was engraved with the history of the winning of the He was married independence by the colonies. at Guyasuta, Pa., to Mary Carson, daughter of Richard Butler. Mrs. Darlington, who died in 1915, was always interested in his literary work and translated manuscripts for him from French and German. She published "Fort Pitt" and "Let There are three ters from the Frontier" (1892). surviving children: O 'Hara, Mary O'Hara and He died at Guyasuta Farm, Edith Darlington. near Pittsburgh, Pa., Sept. 28, 1S89.

DAKLINGTON,

O'Hara, was born

in

O'Hara

township, near Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 29, 1849, son of William McCullough (above). His mother was the granddaughter of James O'Hara, of the U. S. army. She translated manuscripts from the French and German for her husband's use and published "Port Pitt" and "Letters from the O'Hara Darlington attended Frontier" (1892).

torical

Society,

Young Men's

Christian

Associa-

tion,

ancestor

was

Bridgevater,

Samuel

Allen,

who

came

from

England, and settled in Braintree,

From him the line of descent is Mass., iu 16.'I2. traced through his son Samuel, who married Sarah Partridge, their son Samuel, who married Mary Pratt (second wife) and their son Benjamin, who was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Dr. Allen removed to Kinsman, Ohio, in 1808, where he quickly acquired an extensive practice and became one of the pioneer physicians of that state. This carried him to twelve townships in northeastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania, and he was called for consultation and operations over a much wider territory. Among the operations which he performed without an anaesthetic were the ligation of the femoral artery, tracheotomy, amputations of the leg, thigh, arm and for with shoulder-joint, together operations strangulated hernia and the removal of tumors. In IN 12 he was appointed surgeon to the Western army, under Gen. Simon Perkins, and served under Col. Hays in the campaign on the Maumee river. He was a life-long student and familiar with all the current literature of the time. He was a censor in the medical college in Willoughby, the first medical college established in Northern Ohio. In 1S35 he was elected first president of the Ohio Medical Convention, the parent society of the Ohio State Medical Society, of which he became president in 1856. Dr. Allen was married May 13, 1813, to Charity daughter of Asa Dudley, formerly of Connecticut, and they had one child, Dud lev Allen, who succeeded his father in his medical He died iu Kinsman, O., Sept. 1, 1.H64. practice. ALLEN, Dudley Peter, surgeon and educator,

was born in Kinsman, Trumbull co., O., Mar. 25, Sharpsburg Academy and the Western Uni- L852, son of Dudley Allen and Janet (Frame) versity, and was graduated at Vale College with Allen and grandson of Dr. Peter Allen (above), a His At Yale he was a pioneer physician of the Western Reserve. the degree of A. P.. in 1871. member of the Brothers in Unity and Delta Kappa father, also a physician, moved to Oberlin in the lb' was early 60's, and here the son was graduated at fraternity and was senior First Colloquy, a genuine scholar, acquiring learning from the Oberlin College in LS75. He then entered Harvard love of it. Possessed of a remarkable memory, University, graduating with the degree of M.I), For two years, ISM) 82, he served as ho seldom forgo! anything he bad read, ami amazed iu L880. everyone witli whom he conversed by his extensive house physician in the Massachusetts General Hosknowledge, particularly of history. He was much pital, after which he spout four years in the study interested in Napoleon Bonaparte and could give of medicine ami surgery in Europe, working in in detail descriptions of the campaigns of thai pe- the Universities of Freiburg, Berlin, Vienna, LeipLiterature did not occupy his entire time, sic ami London. riod. Returning to America he located however; he was fond of botany and spent much in Cleveland, O., where he devoted himself exthe

166

THE NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA

clusively to the practice and teaching of surgery, continuing until 1910, when he retired from professional life. Dr. Allen commenced teaching as a lecturer on minor surgery at Western Reserve University in 1883, and had been, at the time of his

many years professor of surgery of this university. During these years he was visitthe Lakeside and ing surgeon to Hospital, consulting surgeon to Charity and Cleveland In 1894 he became a member of City hospitals. the American Surgical Association, serving as secretary in 1901-05, and president in 1906, and was president of the Ohio State Medical Society in In 1906 he was made an honorary fellow 1892. of the Philadelphia Academy oi Surgery, and of the American College of Physicians and Surgeons His contributions to surgical literature in 1914. were many and varied, the most notable of which are: "The Origin of Appendicitis" (1897); Effect of Anaesthesia upon Temperature and retirement, for

'

Blood Pressure" (1897); "A Simple Surgical Technique" (1905); "Traumatic Defects of the from Blank CartSkull" (1906); "Wounds

The result of the latter work (1903). was far reaching, the sale of blank cartridges being prohibited by the Cleveland Council the ridges"

Dr. Allen's following his investigations. greatest ambition was to elevate the standard It. is due largely to his foreof the profession. sight and careful endeavor that the Cleveland Medical Library contains today one of the most important collections of medical books in this country, he having contributed generously of his time and money, and donated his own valuable library. In addition to his surgical work Dr. Allen devoted much time to the development of art, both in Cleveland and Oberlin, and his collection of etchings and engravings were by the best masters and his objects of Oriental art were rare specimens of the best periods. At the time of his death he was a trustee of Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Western Reserve He was for many years an Historical Society. elder of the Second Presbyterian church of Cleveland. He was a member of the Union, University, Rowfant, Mayfield and Chagrin Valley clubs of Cleveland, and of the University club of New Oberlin College conferred upon him the York. degree of M.A. in 1883, and that of LL.D. in 1908. Dr. Allen was married Aug. 4, 1892, to Elisabeth S., daughter of Louis H. Severance, of Cleveland, O., ami died in New York city, .Ian. 6, 1915.

year

Plymouth colony, and

his wife Sarah I'.as^.tt their son Daniel and his wife Hannah Hunt; their son Eleazor and his wife Mary Doggett their son Nehemiah; his son Seth his son Abel and his wife, Sara Comfort, and their son Daniel and his wife Sarah Osborn, who were tin'

through

;

;

the subject's grandparents. His father raised the first colored troops in Tennessee for the Federal army, and he saved the city of Nashville from surrender to Gen. Hood. The son was too young to enlist in the civil war, but he played his part in aid of the Federal cause in a most heroic and As the pupils in the public patriotic manner. schools of Nashville were requested to bring a flag, he carried the Stars and Stripes in a procession of school children marching to the capitol upon that momentous day when it was to be decided whether or not Tennessee should secede. That flag, the last seen in the city until after the war, caused a riot at the state house, and young Andrew ran home with it. When Nashville surrendered to the Federal troops it was displayed from the window of a home of a sea captain, who had sewed it between- two sheets in order to preserve it from the Confederates, together with a banner inscribed "Let Old Glory Wave" the first time this term was used for the United States flag. The flag in question is now preserved as a relic in Boston. He served as a dispatch bearer from 1862 until early in 1864, and at twelve was intrusted with important dispatches for the army of the Cumberland, including one from Andrew Johnson, then at Nashville, to Gen. Rosecrans, at Overall Creek, that saved the In battle of Stone River for the Federals. 1862-63 he was with the 21st Ohio A'olunteer InIn 1864 he fantry as special dispatch bearer. entered the public schools of Detroit, and was graduated at Bryant & Stratton's Business ColMeanwhile, in 1S65, lege of that city in 1868. John Greeuslade had started the Greeuslade Oil Co., in Detroit, and in the following year he gave r Mr. ood a small interest in it. He subsequently acquired a larger interest and in 1897 became president of the company, a position he still holds. The Greeuslade Oil Co. deals in linseed, lard,

W

golden, black, mecca, white centennial, naphtha, gasoline and all kinds of machinery oils. It handles approximately 400 tank cars annually, and has branches in West Detroit, Wyandotte and Mt. Clemens. Mr. Woods has also been active as a builder and contractor, having erected many JERVEY, James Postell, physician, was born of the notable office buildings and public strucHe was edu- tures in his adopted city. Since 1909 he has in Charleston, S. C, Dec. 4, 1808. cated at Charleston College, and was graduated been president of the Andrew C. Wood Realty M.D. at the Medical College of South Carolina in Co., real estate and construction. He enjoys a 1830, after which he continued his studies in Paris. record of having saved fifty-nine lives at sea and Soon after his return to Charleston in 1832, an one on land, having rescued lives at sea upon outbreak of cholera occurred and he volunteered seven different occasions, and upon one of these, to take charge of isolated cases in an emergency in 1909, was awarded a silver medal by congress. hospital on Polly Island. He enjoyed an extensive He is a charter member of the Michigan Society, practice in Charleston, and for a number of years Sons of the American Revolution, and is a member delivered lectures on comparative anatomy and also of the Mayflower Society, Ohio Society of medical jurisprudence at the Medical College of Michigan, and in Masonry holds the 32d degree. In the civil war he His influence has long been felt upon the industrial the State of South Carolina. was surgeon in the Confederate army, and was and commercial life of Detroit. A man of extraorput in charge of a hospital at Summerville, S. C. dinary acumen, keen and quick perception, of He was married in 18:12 to Emma G., daughter of indomitable and dominating will, of tireless energy, Edward Darrell Smith, professor of chemistry in irreproachable honesty, he is also modest and quiet, the South Carolina College, and had twelve chil- full of wit and humor, domestic in his tastes, dren. He died in Charleston, S. C, in 1S75. gentle and mild in disposition, strictly temperate WOOD, AndrewChapman, merchant, wasborn at in his habits, affectionate and attentive to those Jackson, O., Sept. 19, 1852, son of Jackson Bow- he loves, most tender-hearted, and a generous proman and America (White) Wood. He is descended vider. He was married (1) Nov. 11, 1874, to from Peregrine White, who was the first born in Agnes J., daughter of Hugh Robb, of Seaforth, cylinder,

cs4hn^C\s4A/ ~c. Miles, of Copper Cliff, Canada; California, wife of John Breuner, of San Francisco, and Florence G., wife of Edwin Janss, of Los Angeles. He died at his home in Menlo Park, Cal., Sept. 3, 1912. TILYOU, George Cornelius, was born in New York city, Feb. 3, 1862, son of Peter Augustus and Ellen (Mahoney) Tilyou, grandson of Peter Vincent Tilyou and Marie Louisa Hannah, and greatgrandson of John Vincent Tilyou (or Tillou), a member of a Huguenot family who came from the southern part of France and settled in New York in 1701. He attended the village school of Gravesend, N Y., and the public schools of Brooklyn, and during the same time, beginning when only eight years of age, filled the position of cashier in his father's hotel, the first on Coney Island beach. Two years later he engaged in selling souvenirs on Coney Island, establishing a stage line to Sea Gate and building two bathhouses. When he was sixteen he entered the real estate and insurance business on his own aecount in Coney Island, then only a barren patch of swamp and shingle totally ignored by real estate operators. He was the first to see the possibilities of w-hat is now a world-famous playground, and from the beginning he was a leading factor in its development. About 1890 he added to his real estate activities the occupation of amusing the public, and until his death he kept pace with the ever-increasing popularity of the island, winning national fame and affection as a mirth-provoker and provider of healthful diversions. His first important enterprise was the building of Tilyou 's Surf Theatre on the Bowery, the first playhouse on Coney Island. Incidentally he started the famous walk known as the Bowery ami built the other main walks on that part of the island, to which he gave the name of West Brighton. Practically single-handed he drove out of Gravesend the corrupt political "gang" headed by John Y. McKane, which controlled the tow n, and the citizens of Gravesend showed their appreciation of his services to the community in electing him by an overwhelming majority to the office of justice, for which he had been nominated unanimously on a citizens' ticket by the best people of the town. Soon afterward he started the famous Steeplechase Park, with which his name is indissolubly identified and which is the embodiment not only of his great creative ability but of his minute and sympathetic study of public taste and demand. Steeplechase Park as it now stands covers thirty acres and employs over 300 persons. Among its features are a park, a pavilion constructed of steel and glass, occupying 207,000 square feet; a large, clean bathing beach, a sunken garden with an electric foun-

also

7

a ballroom where 500 couples can dance at one time and two swimming pools, one of which, measuring 500 by 80 feet, is the largest in the tain,

world. It also contains the largest carrousel in the world, built in Germany at a cost of $125,000. The park was made possible by the addition of thousands of tons of rich soil to the land which it covers. There is also a fine pier, the only one on the island where steamboats land from many points,

and where fishing may be indulged

or day the year round.

in night In addition to his Coney

[aland property Mr. Tilyou built steeplechase parks at Atlantic City, San Francisco, St. Louis, Asl.ury Park, Revere Beach, Mass.; Charleston, 8. C; Rockaway Beach, and Bridgeport, Conn.

He was the inventor human roulette wheel,

of steeplechase horses, the the human pool table, mixer, bounding billows, and various other devices for His great enter providing merriment and thrills.

prise was equaled only by his unfaltering courage and unfailing optimism. A cheerful, uncomplaiiiing, thoroughly human philosophy was indeed the

distinguishing quality of his character. Realizing the possibility of combining the sublime and the ridiculous so that each supplements the other to the greatest effect, Mr. Tilyou gave his patrons the highest quality in the greatest quantity possible under the circumstances. He believed that laughter was the best antidote for evil and proved the correctness of his theory by the absence of all His fame also traveled abroad police protection. and demands for his amusements were continually

coming from European

cities.

There was

in

his

nature a rich vein of tender and delicate sentiment which informed everything he did. A typical instance was his generous custom of giving over Steeplechase Park completely to the orphans for one day each year. Another example of his abiding tenderness may be seen in the set of chimes in Steeplechase Park erected in memory of his daughter. The first set was melted in the fire which completely destroyed his plant in 1907. Mr. Tilyou possessed high purpose and tenacity of will, decisiveness of thought and action, sound judgIn ment, and a vivid, constructive imagination. character and attainments he was a most notable, most estimable and most lovable man. Mr. Tilyou was a member of the National Democratic, Brooklyn, National and Atlantic City Yacht and Long Island clubs; Elks, Knights of Columbus and Royal Arcanum societies, and the Atlantic City Chamber of Commerce. His favorite recreations were yachting and motoring. He was married, Oct. 11, 1893, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of James O'Donnell, and is survived by five children: Edward F., Marie Helen, George C. Jr., Eileen and Francis S. Tilyou. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y.,

Nov.

MO, 1914.

LOVEWELL, Nehemiah,

soldier

and

scout,

in New Hampshire, Jan. 9, 1726, son of Capt. John Lovewell (q. v.), the famous Indian fighter. He was a member of the New Hampshire militia, and served with great distinction in the French and Indian war as a lieutenant in Col. Blanchard's regiment, and later in the famous

was born

He commanded a company in John Goffe's regiment in Gen. Amherst's army. As one of the early settlers of Newbury, Vt., where he located some time before 1770, he Rogers' Rangers. Col.

took an active part in opposing the unjust aggressions of the colony of New York against the New Hampshire grants. When the news of the conflict at Lexington, Mass., reached Newbury, he and other residents of that town at once started for the scene of the conflict, joining Walker's cornpany of Col. Reed's regiment, New Hampshire

He was at the battle of Bunker Hill, and November of that year (1775) assisted in fortitying Dorchester Heights. Returning to Vermont troops. in

was put in charge of scouting in the northern wilderness of Vermont and New Hampshire. No one in the colony was better fitted for this important service. He was one of the most proficient riflleinen in a country noted for its sharpshooters; he knew the language of the various tribes of Canadian Indians, and he held the honor in 1776, he

OF

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

Capt. Peleg Sunderland, another famous of being able to outmatch any Indian in in following a trail. Under orders of Gen. Gates

with

scout,

December. 1777,

with ('apt. Frye Bayley and

he,

199

He was known as a subthe board of trustees. seriber to virtually every charity of a public nature, and he gave liberally to the unfortunate and unhappy. He was a member of the Toledo,

Toledo Inverness and Middle Bass Capt. John Powell, escorted Capt. Singleton, a Toledo Country, His political affiliation was with the ReBritish officer, who had been in Vermont negotiat- clubs. Canada, publican party, and he was a communicant of the ing an exchange of prisoners, to Montreal, Reachino- St. Johns after intense suffering from First Congregational church. He was married Oct. 4, of Hezekiah hunger and cold, the entire party was arrested by 1871, to Harriet Elizabeth, daughter the 'British and he was held a prisoner of war in Richardson Dow, of Baldwinsville, N. Y.; she Daniel Dow, Quebec until December, 1778. He was commis- survives him, with four children: sioned eaptain Feb. 1, 1780. He was engaged in .Mary Elizabeth, wife of Bartelle Sawyer Hamila number of scouting expeditions in northern Ver- ton; Lewis Richardson, and Margaret. Lucia, wife mont and New Hampshire during the rest of the of Walter L. Haskell. He died at Toledo, 0., war and thereafter. It is generally supposed that June 3, 1913. SMITH, William Alden, U. S. senator, was hostilities ended with the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktowu, Oct. 19, 1781, but at no time bom at Dowagiac, Mich., May 12, 1859, son of more George Richardson and Leah Margaret (Allen) during the revolutionary period was Vermont harassed by marauding" parties from Canada than Smith, and great-grandson of Capt. William Smith from the fall of 1781 until late in 1782. It was and his wife, Rebecca Abercrombie. His paternal scouts grandparents were Abial Barney and Hannah largely due to Capt. Lovewell and his brave His great-great-grandparents that the settlements in Vermont and New Hamp- (Putnam) Smith. shire were protected from being plundered and were James Abercrombie and Margery (Conkey) the residents from being taken prisoners to Canada. Smith. William A. Smith attended the public schools Lovewell was one of the grantees of Haverhill, of his native town, and at twelve years of age N. H., and Colchester and Ferdinand, Vt. He re- moved with his parents to Grand Rapids, Mich., sided in Corinth, Vt., several years after 1780, and where he secured a position as cash and errand boy was the first representative from Corinth to the in a drygoods store. At fourteen he and his younger His last years were brother began a business of their own selling state legislature in 1783. and by spent in Newbury. He was married Nov. 24, 1748, newspapers and popcorn. By this means to Rachel Farwell, and had thirteen children: serving as messenger boy in the Western Union his parents Catherine, wife of Col. John Taplin; Susannah; Telegraph office he was able to support Betsey, wife of Mansfield for several years, his father being ill. In 1879 he Hannah; Nehemiah Henry Zaccheus; Jonathan; Robert; became connected with the law firm of Burch & Taplin; Vodica, wife of John Lovewell; John; Joseph and Montgomery, and in 1883 he was admitted to the Rachel, wife of Samuel Hilliard. He died in New- bar. Upon the election of Mr. Montgomery to the bench he was made a member of the firm. Since bury, Vt.. about 1800. SCHENCK, Schuyler Charles, railway execu- 1899 he has been a partner in the firm of Smiley, five and banker, was born at Fulton, Oswego eo., Smith & Steven, one of the leading law firms of Mr. Smith's political career N. Y., Mar. 9, 1842, son of William and Mary western Michigan. (Falley) Schenck, and grandson of Jacob and began in 1N79, when he was enrolled on the list Mary (Lott) Schenck. His father was a farmer of pages for the Michigan house of representaand "lumber merchant. Schuyler C. Schenck was tives. During 1882-92 he was a member of the Reeducated in the public schools, and at an early age publican state central committee, and in 1S95-1907 entered a general mercantile establishmernt at> represented the 5th Michigan district in the 54th Fulton. Subsequently, he was for ten years asso- to the 59th congresses, was unopposed for a sevciated with a hardware store at that, place, having e nth term and unanimously re-elected to the 60th been admitted a partner in the business upon congress. On Jan. 15, 1907, Mr. Smith was elected In 1870 he removed to to the U. S. senate to succeed Hon. R. A. Alger attaining his majority. Toledo, O., and directly established himself in the for the term beginning March 4th, ami on the coal and fuel business as local agent for the death of Sen. Alger was elected to fill out the unOn Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railway Co., in expired term, taking his seat on Feb. 11th. which capacity he continued until his death. As the expiration of his term he was re-elected, his a wholesale and retail dealer in coal and fuel, he present term expiring March 3, 1919. He is presiwas selling agent not only for the Lackawanna, dent and principal owner of the Grand Rapids Im- " Herald," the leading morning newspaper of westbut for other coal roads and companies. mediately prior to his death he was appointed tern Michigan, and is also president of the Grand In 1912 he conducted an sales agent for the Lackawanna in Chicago, and Rapids Savings Bank. for a brief period had charge of the company's investigation, for the U. S. senate, into the causes fuel distributing departments in both that city leading to the sinking of the steamer Titanic, his and Toledo. He was also president of the Toledo report being u .lh-ously adopted by the senate; k Indiana Railroad Co.; director, past vice-presi- he has also taken part in the investigation of the dent and past president of the First National Bank, Mexican revolution. Courageous, determined and Toledo; director of the Union Savings Bank, and self-reliant, Sen. Smith has fought his way to a a trustee of the Lucas County Children's Home, high place in the political, social and business For nearly half a century he was one of Toledo's affairs of his state. The honorary degree of M.A. most important and impelling factors in finance, was conferred upon him by Dartmouth Collegi business, charity and civic progress, and served a-- 1901. He is a member of the Cosmos Club. WashAthletic Club, Detroit. a member of council and of the park board. ington, D. C; Detroit Throughout his entire career he had been a leader Mich., and Peninsula and Kent Country clubs of His favorite diversions are in industrial, philanthropic and municipal advance- Grand Rapids, Mich. lie was married ment. He was influential in the establishment and horseback riding and baseball, maintenance of Toledo Hospital, and from its Oct. 21, 1886, lo Nana A., daughter of 1'eter Osof Grand Rapids, Mich., and has one sun, inception was a member of the advisory board, terhout, while Mrs. Schenck still continues as a member of William Alden Smith, Jr., secretary and assistant ;

THK NATIONAL

200

manager of the Herald Publishing Co. of Grand Rapids, and publisher of the "Kalamazoo Tele graph-Press, Kalamazoo, Mich. PAUL, Amasa Copp, lawyer, was born at Wakefield, N. II., Sept. 12, 1857, son of Hiram and His first paternal Mary Pinter (Copp) Paul. American ancestor was Daniel Paul, who came over from Ipswich, England, in the early part of the seventeenth century and settled at Kittery, Me. Upon his mother's side Mr. Paul is descended from William Copp, a native of Ilonely, Warwickshire, who came to Boston, Mass., with his w fe Judith in 1635. He or his son David, an elder in the North Church, gave the name to Copp 's Hill, whereon the citizens of Boston gathered to watch the battle of Bunker Hill. Mr. ;

Paul 's great-great-grandfather was Capt. David Copp, a revolutionary soldier, holding successively the ranks of captain, major and lieutenant-colonel of New Hampshire militia; he was one of the original settlers of the town of Wakefield ami was prominent in the affairs of the town and state. Mr. Paul was educated in the public schools of New Hampshire and at Dartmouth College, where lie was for two years a member of the class of lsrx. Removing to Washington, D. ft, he taught hi

the public schools for four years

National

University

law

school,

and entered the where he was

(

'Y(

'LOI'.EDI A

as a missionary of the Presbyterian church. While home on a furlough in 1S92 lie pursued post graduate work for one year at Johns Hopkins University. At the time of his arrival in Tsinaufu, China, in 1883, there were no foreigners residing in the hostile city, excepting one or two Roman Catholic priests and two families of the American Presbyterian Mission. In common with most of the missionaries in Shantung at that time, Mr. Bergen adopted the Chinest garb, early taking over a section of tin- evangelistic field about Tsinaufu, and was a faithful and enthusiastic itinerator as well as an exceptionally successful street-chapel preacher. He gave special attention to the German language, and when in 1S98 the Germans took that part of Shantung in which his work lay he was enabled to maintain pleasant relations with the German authorities. During the Boxer rebellion Dr. Bergen led a small company of German soldiers to rescue fourteen or fifteen Germans and three American colleagues. It was a hard week 's work and extremely dangerous. The German Emperor afterwards sent him a medal "for service under great danger" and a fine expression of appreciation. In

1902 he became president of Tengchow College, which a year later was moved to Weihsien. When the English Baptist Mission joined in a union for higher education, the Shantung Christian Univer-

graduated LL.B. in 1880. He was admitted to the sity was launched, with Dr. Bergen at the head of bar soon afterward. During 1881 84 he served as the Union Arts College. Despite predictions of assistant examiner in the United States patent failure, the union proved a gratifying success, due He took a post-graduate course at Colum- largely to the exceptional personality of the first office. Dr. Bergen was a bian University (now George Washington Uni- president of its arts college. versity) and received the degree of LL.M. in 1882. clear and correct speaker of the Chinese language, In June, 1884, he removed to Minneapolis, Minn., and was deeply versed in Chinese literature. He where he began the practice of his profession, and was also well read in English literature, and poswhere he has acquired a large and extensive busi- sessed the rare faculty of rapid reading combined ness. He has made a specialty of the law of with the ability to reproduce a succinct and interHe, himself, patents and trade-marks, and is recognized as a esting outline of an entire book. leading authority in those branches of the law. commanded a charming English style, and after he He is the author of "Paul on Trade-Marks" was invalided home in 1913 delivered a series of (1903), which has had a wide circulation. Mr. Paul lectures on Chinese topics at the School of Misis a member of the Minneapolis, Athletic, Minisions, Hartford, Conn. A lover of nature, especially kahda and Automobile clubs of Minneapolis, and of animals, he was an authority in ornithology, made a collection of birds, animals and fishes, is a life member of the Minneapolis Society of Fine Arts and the Minnesota Historical Society. trained a score or more of taxidermists; and at Since his residence in Minneapolis he has taken an the college in Wei Heien prepared a museum of He has long been natural history which contained specimens of threeactive interest in civic affairs. a member of the Commercial (now Athletic) Club, fourths of the birds of China. In 1910 he was a and was its president in 1901-02. Mr. Paul was delegate to the World's Missionary Conference in married, May 11, 1881, to Ella Mortimer, daughter Edinburgh. Dr. Bergen was possessed of a sane of Dr. Mortimer Williams, of Moorefield, W. Va. enthusiasm for the uplifting of the Chinese people. BERGEN, Paul David, missionary, was born He was characterized by patience, courage, urbanat Bellefontaine, O., July 19, 1860, son of George ity, humor, kindness of heart, optimism, lofty Providence and Mary E. (Bentley) Bergen, and a piety and self-abnegation. A sweet-natured, culdescendant of Hans Hansen Bergen, a native of tured Christian gentleman, the extraordinary of his character impressed all with whom he Bergen, Norway, who removed to Holland and in beauty came in contact. Lake Forest University conIt;::;; to New Amsterdam, where he owned land and He lived near the Port, now Pearl street, New York. ferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1903. Prom him and his wife Sarah Jansen de Rapelie, was married Aug. 13, 1883, to Mary I., daughter the first white female child born in New Amster- of John McKinney, of Aledo, 111.; his fitting comand his peer in wit and culdam, the line of descent is traced through their plement in disposition son Jores and his first wife Sarah Stryker; their ture, she walked bravely and helpfully with him to son Hans Jores and his wife Setje van Wyckler; the earthly parting of the ways; of this union one Dr. child survives, a son, Paul Chalfant Bergen. their son Jores and his wife Hoogland their son John B. and his wife Sara Stryker; their Bergen died near Hartford, Conn., Aug. 8, 1915. CASTLE, Henry Anson, lawyer and journalson George I. and his wife Rebecca Coombs; and their son David Coombs and his wife Nancy Boice, ist, was born near Quincy, 111., Aug. 22, 1841, son who were the grandparents of the subject of this of Timothy Hunt and Julia Ann (Boyd) Castle. He was educated at Park College, Mo. His first American ancestor was Henry Castle, a sketch. at Parsons College, la., and at Lake Forest Uni- native of England, who, with his wife, Hannah came to America and settled in Connecversity, 111., being graduated at the last in 1880. Squires, He attended Princeton Theological Seminary two ticut in 1639 from him the line descends through who married Joanna Richardson; years, was graduated at McCormick Theological his son Isaac, married Eunice Terrell; their Seminary, Chicago, in 18S3, and then went to China their son Israel, who ;

;

;

WILLIAM U.

S.

PAUL

A.

SMITH

SENATOR

D.

P.ERGEN

MISSIONARY

AMASA

C.

PAUL

LAWYER

HEXRV

A.

CASTLE

LAWYER AND JOURNALIST

OF AMERICAN

RIOGRAPHY.

201

who married Mary Hunt; their son SAMPSON, Clark Hamilton, merchant and and was the manufacturer, was born in Hatfield, Hampshire who married Jerusha >ix, grandfather of Henry A. Castle. The four great- CO., Mass., Sept. 17, 1850, son of Elijah N. and grandfathers were all soldiers in the revolutionary Agnes (Hubbard) Sampson, and a descendant of war. Henry A. Castle was educated in the pub- Abraham Sampson, who came from England and lic schools and at a seminary in Quiney, and joined the Plymouth colony two years after the was graduated at McKendree College with the first voyage of the Mayflower. He was also dedegree of B.S. in 1862, receiving the degree of scended from John Alden and Miles Standish. He A.M. in 1S82. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the was educateil under private tutorship and at the Federal army as a private in the 73d 111. volun- schools of Hatfield and Northampton, and served son Timothy, Philo.

I

He Army

an apprenticeship in a large dry goods store until twenty-one years of age, when he became secretary of a manufacturing corporation at Northampton. Subsequently he entered the employ of the Corticelli Silk Mills, and for some time represented them in New York city. In 1879 he removed to St. Louis, Mo., and opened a wholesale establishment for the company, entering at once upon a business which was uniformly successful. A man of practical ideas, large resourcefulness and superior organizing capacity, he was conspicuous for his energy, prompt action and tenacity of purpose. Candid and courteous in manner, and inflexible in the rectitude of editor, his style was clear, forcible, and animated; his business transactions, he wielded a large influhis paper was always an able advocate and de- ence in business circles, and was no less esteemed fender of the principles of the Republican party, for his moral worth and his devotion to the weland he himself was personally active and promi- fare of his adopted city. He organized the Colnent in its service. In 1885-86 he was president onial Trust Co. of St. Louis, ami was its president of the Minnesota State Editorial Association. until forced to resign because of ill health. He served in Gen. Sheridan's division of of the Cumberland, and after three months was made sergeant major. At the battle of Stone River he was so severely wounded that he was honorably discharged. Upon recovery, however, he raised a company and re-entered the service as captain of company A, 137th 111., serving until the close of his term and receiving an He was honorable discharge in October, 1864. admitted to the bar in 1865, and practiced first In 1876 at Quiney and later at St. Paul, Minn. he became editor and proprietor of the St. Paul "Daily Dispatch," which he sold in 1886. As an teers.

the

Politically, he served his state as a member of its legislature in 1873; as adjutant-general in 187576 and as state oil inspector during 1883-87, rendering a report upon the illuminating proper;

which was widely complimented by In 1S92 he was appointed postmaster of St. Paul, and applied all his energies

ties

of

oils,

scientific bodies.

was president of the Corticelli Silk Co. and the St. Louis Manufacturing Co., and a director iu the St. Louis ami Suburban Railway Co., the American Credit Indemnity Co., 'and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Co. Notwithstanding the fact that his large business interests were exacting in their requirements, he was always able to respond to

increasing the efficiency of the local service. the demands of the public for his services, and He was During 1875-87 he was either secretary, treasurer, ready to labor for the public good. chairman of the finance committee in charge or chairman of the Republican state central com mittee in all but two of the state campaigns. He of the Grand Army encampment in 1887 and is an able and attractive public speaker, and has raised $90,000 for entertaining purposes; was delivered many Decoration-day and Fourth-of-July chairman of the finance committee that raised addresses, as well as numerous lectures and ad- funds and erected the first monument to Gen. dresses on miscellaneous subjects. Capt. Castle Grant; chairman of the delegation through whose was prominent in the affairs of the Grand Army labors the national Republican convention was of the Republic, was department commander in brought to St. Louis in 1896 president of the 1S72-75, and was commander of the Loyal Legion Missouri state commission created by Gov. Stephens of Minnesota in 1895. He had been a director of to represent the interests of Missouri at the transthe St. Paul Chamber of Commerce since 1872 was Mississippi and international exposition held at its first vice-president, lsS-i-Sli, and its president Omaha in 1898; founder of the New England Soin 1887. He also served as president of the North ciety of St. Louis, of which he was president, and He was auditor for the post- president of the Missouri Society of' the Sons of St. Paul Land Co. office department at Washington in 1897-1903, the American Revolution, and deputy governorand counsel for the U. S. Postal Commission in general of the Missouri and of the National So1907. He was the author of "The Army Mule and ciety of Colonial Wars. He was also a director of Other War Stories" 1897) "History of St. Paul" the St. Louis World 's Fair. Mr. Sampson was (1911) and "History of Minnesota" (1915). In married at Long Branch, N. J., Oct. 20, 1882, to 1901-02 he contributed to the North American Mary, daughter of George Ryer, of New York, and Review a valuable series of articles on the "Defects had four children: Marjorie, Hazel, Mavbell and He also Helen, wife of Melville B. Hall. He died in St. and Dangers of the Postal Service." wrote on postal subjects for "Harpers' Weekly," Louis, Mo., Mar. 31, 1901. "McClure's Magazine," the "Saturday Evening PRENTICE, Leon Hamline, contractor, was Post," "The Independent" and other leading publi- born at Lockport, N. Y., Oct. 22, 1S47, son of cations, and served as counsel for several postal Alonzo Tyng and Emeline (Rockwell) Prentice. He was a member of His first paternal American ancestor was Henry improvement associations. the Minnesota Historical Society, National Geo- Prentice, a native of Nazing, Essex co., England, graphic Society, and Sons of the American Revolu- who emigrated to this country in 1638 and settled tion, and was a member of the liar id' Illinois, in Cambridge, Mass.; from him and his wife Joan Minnesota and the District of Columbia. He was the line of descent is traced through their married Apr. IS, 1865, to Margaret Wesley, daugh- sen Henry and his wife Mary Gove; their son ter of Rev. James F. .Taquess, D.D., of Quiney, 111., Rev Nathaniel anil his wife Mary Tyng; their son and is survived by five children: Helen S., Col. John ami his wife Dorothy Sexton (or Saxton); Charles W., V. S. A., Mary .1., Margaret, wife of and their son John ami his wife Olive Kibbe, who Ed. R. Stone, and Anne, wife of Fred Christy. were the grandparents of the subject of this He died at Silver Lake, Minn., Aug. 16, 1916. His father was a jeweler and watchsketch. to

.

;

;

(

;

THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

202

On the maternal side he is descended from Deacon William Rockwell, who emigrated from England in 1630 and settled in Dorchester^ Muss., where he became a selectman, and was later admitted freeman. Subsequently he removed to Snnsetting (now Windsor), Conn., where he was also chosen deacon and was one of the leading The family occupied men of the settlement. maker.

prominent positions as professional men, preachers of the Gospel and statesmen. Eight have been U. S. senators, no less than twenty-three have represented their districts in the lower house of concourt judges. gress, and several were supreme Leon H. Prentice received a public school education, and later pursued a course at Bryant & In 1863 he entered Stratton's Business College. the employ of R. T. Crane & Bro. (now Crane Co.}, Chicago, as office boy, remaining until 1877, when lie became associated with A. B. Hay in the steam and hot water heating business under the In 1885 the firm firm name of Hay & Prentice. was incorporated under the style of Hay & Prentice Co., and in August, 1888, it became L. H. Prentice Co., with Mr. Prentice as president and his only son, Leon H. Prentice. Jr., as vice-presiThis company, since its inception in Is, 7, dent. has met with unqualified success, and has undertaken and .completed contracts representing millions of dollars in nearly every part of the United The plant is equipped with States and Canada. an engineering department capable of meeting every demand, and also maintains a large sheet metal department, a well equipped machine shop, and a blacksmith shop. Among the more important contracts executed by the company may be mentioned the Hippodrome, Plat Iron and the

New York ''Times" buildings, New York city; Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, Philadelphia; the City Hall Square, Harvester, Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co. and the IlliCo., McCormick, Marshall Field & nois Athletic Club building, Hotel La Salle, Hotel Sherman and the Blackstone Hotel, of Chicago. In all it. has equipped witli heating or ventilating apparatus over 125 office and mercantile buildings, 175 residences, more than 75 railroad stations and libraries, building's; and' about 200 clubs, theatres, churches, hotels, apartment houses, schools, hosCareful study and attention pitals and asylums. are accorded all contracts and of the early steam Co. is the heating contractors, the L. H. Prentice onlv one with the original founder still in active business in this country. In polities Mr. Prentice is a Republican, and he is a member of the Union AmerLeague Club, the Navy League, Sons of the ican Revolution and Pounders and Patriots of His chief recreation is experimental America. farming. Mr. Prentice was married, Oct. 1, 1874, to Julia, daughter of Dr. Emanuel Honsinger of Chicago, and of their four children, two survive: Elizabeth Honsinger wife of Loomis Charles JohnAnn Clark, wife son, of St. Louis, Mo., and Lucy of George W. Yeoman, of Detroit, Mich.

WARREN,

Benjamin

Franklin,

civil

en-

Dec. 25, gineer, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sellers IS45, son of James William and Mary (Hobson) Warren. On the maternal side he was a descendant of William Warner, who came to from Blockley, England, prior to the

Philadelphia

arrival of William Penn; bought five hundred acres of land from the Indians on the west side of the Schuylkill, and named this plantation Bloekley. Our subject's father, a native of Halifax, The son was N. S., "was a railroad promoter. educated in the public and Central High schools of Philadelphia, and for two years traveled

Returning throughout Europe ami the Orient. home, he was graduated at the University of his class, of Pennsylvania in 1876 at the head of He began his prowhich he was valedictorian. fessional career as civil engineer in the service of the Tidewater Oil Co., and soon developed marked ability in his chosen line of work. He laid the first pipe line to carry oil to the seaboard, an undertaking fraught with great difficulties owing to obstructions from an opposing company and the railroads, as well as natural obstacles. He continued in the employ of the Tidewater company until the close of his life, respected and esteemed by a large circle of friends. His home was in Philadelphia until 18S7, when he removed He was a member of the to Brooklyn, N. Y. Engineers' Club, Philadelphia, and of the University of Pennsylvania Club, New York city. His favorite pursuits were reading and the study of geology. He was a man of kind and generous nature, giving a helping hand to all who sought His mind was dominated by a large his aid. intelligence, which recognized the highest claims of professional

duty,

of citizenship,

and of friend

married in June, 1887, to Emma Prances, daughter of John Kinzey, of PhiladelMr. Warren died in phia; she died in 1906. Brooklyn, N. Y.. Apr. 26, 1914. SHERMAN, Byron, underwriter, was born at Homer, N. Y., June 3, 1*24, son of John ami ship.

He was

Lucy Pomeroy (King) Sherman and great-great-

great-grandson of Rev. John Sherman, who came from Emanuel College, Cambridge, England, to Watertown, Mass.; from him the line is traced through his son James, his son John and his son Thomas, who was the grandfather of our subject. Byron Sherman entered mercantile life in New York city in 1844 and with capital contributed by his father, formed the firm of Barry. Way & Sherman. In 1S59 he removed to Morristown, N. J., still retaining, however, his business interests in New York. In 1873, he became general agent of the Mutual Life Insurance Co., at St. Louis, Mo., with a territory attached to the agency which embraced the states of Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas and the terriThroughout this extensive tory of New Mexico. of district, by constant travel and the initiation business methods characterized by large views, liberality and scrupulous integrity, he acquired in an extraordinary degree the confidence and friendOn his retirement from ship of business men. office in 1892, he returned to Morristown, N. J. He was one of the founders of Morristown Memorial Hospital, an institution occupying today a conspicuous place and exercising a wide usefulness. He added to a capacity for practical activity a life of art and literature as well. The Presbyterian Church at Morris Plains, founded by

Gordon Burnham, found in him and was enabled greatly to enDespite his advancing large its sphere of work. years, Mr. Sherman traveled extensively and was his father-in-law, a liberal friend

familiar with many parts of the Orient, as well as Europe and the near East. In polities, he was In a loyal supporter of the Republican party. his character were found traits which inspired many with his own high personal ideals. He was Feb. 24, 1847, to Mary, twice married: (1) daughter of Daniel Pomeroy, of Brooklyn, N. Y. She died Mar. 23, 1849, leaving two suns, Byron, who died when twelve years of age, and who inspired the beautiful children's tale of "Ernest," written by Mrs. Frederick G. Burnham, of Morristown, his' aunt; the elder son, Charles Pomeroy

LEOX

H.

PRENTICE

CONTRACTOR

BYRON SHERMAN UNDERWRITER

BENJAMIN

F.

WARREN

CIVIL ENGINEER

HARVEY

R.

KEELER

JURIST

: '

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AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

203

Sherman, is a practising lawyer in Philadelphia. communicant of Euclid Avenue Baptist church. Mr. Sherman -was married (2), Nov. 30, 1852, to He was a member of the National Geographical Julia A., daughter of Gordon Burnham, of Morris- Society, Ohio State Bar Association, Cuyahoga town, N. J. She died Sept. 22, 1915, leaving a County Bar Association, Cleveland Chamber of son, Gordon E., and two daughters, Julia Frances Commerce, Dover Bay Country Club, and Sigma and Edith, widow of Charles Gordon Knox, all of Chi college fraternity. In the course of his proMorristown, N. J. During the years in which fessional life he had practiced in all the courts she survived her husband, Mrs. Sherman was able of the state, and also the supreme court of Michito maintain and expand the philanthropic liberal- gan and the supreme court of the United States. ities which Mr. Sherman had so much at heart. He was an able, fearless, honorable, upright judge, He died at Morristown, N. J., Feb. 27, 1899. a faithful and loyal representative of the people, KEELER, Harvey Kay, jurist, was born in and a brilliant, bold, aggressive and successful Harlem twp., Delaware co., Ohio, July 1, 185S, son practitioner in his profession. He was married of Ransom Noble and Maria (Campbell) Keeler. at Conneaut, O., Jan. 21, 1S88, to Cora L., daugh His earliest paternal American ancestor was Ralph ter of Seymour A. Boughton, of the Lake Slime Keeler, who came from England early in the sev- Railroad Co. She survived him, with four chilenteenth century and settled in Connecticut. His dren: Robert B., a broker of Cleveland; Horace second wife was Sarah Whelpley, and from them Bushnell, representative in Cincinnati of the Nathe line of descent is traced through their son tional City Co. of New York city; Helen Rhoda, Samuel and his wife Sarah St. John; their son and Kath'erine Keeler. He died at Dover Bay, O., Joseph and his wife Elizabeth Whitney; their Oct. 7, 1915. Portrait opposite page 202. son Elijah and his wife Sarah Keeler; their son GATES, Howard Baker, physician and surElijah and his wife Elinor Squires, to their son geon, was born at San Jose, Cal., Nov. 23, 1867, Diodatus and his wife Orilla Hill, who were the son of Freeman and Adeline M. (Rhodes) Gates, Diodatus and grandson of Freeman Gates, who removed grandparents of Harvey Ray Keeler. (VI) was the owner of a farm, upon which he from Shoreham, Vt., to the vicinity of Syracuse, also conducted a stone quarry, tannery and saw- N. Y., about 1835. His father, who had served He was an elder in the as principal of the first public school at San Jose, mill, employing thirty men. Presbyterian Church and superintendent of the subsequently established the San Jose Institute, Sunday school. On the maternal side the subject the most pretentious private school in that secwas a descendant of Alexander Campbell (q.v.), tion. His father 's death threw him early upon his He received his preliminary edutheologian, who founded the Disciples of Christ, own resources. commonly known as the Christian Ihurch, and some- cation in the schools of San Jose, including the times called Campbellites. Ransom Noble Keeler, University of the Pacific, working his way through, father of the subject, was likewise farmer, tanner and entered the University of California, where he and lumber manufacturer, and succeeded his par- was graduated in 1895, having been obliged to ent as elder in the same Presbyterian Church and leave college for a year to earn sufficient money to as superintendent of its Sunday school. Harvey complete his course. He studied for two years Ray Keeler received his preliminary education at at Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, and re(

Granville, Ohio, and was graduAfter ated A.B. at Denison University in 1880. a few months in Cincinnati, Dayton and Cleveland in the employ of the Bradstreet Mercantile Agency, he began the study of law in Cleveland uuder the He preceptorship of Attorney George Sowden. was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1885, and in that year began the practice of his profession in In 1895 he was appointed assistant Cleveland. prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga county and was subsequently twice elected prosecuting attorney of that county. In 1904 he was elected judge of the common pleas court, serving seven years in that In 1906 the president of the University of office. West Virginia offered him the office of dean of the department of law of that institution, but he declined to accept. As prosecuting attorney he had many interesting cases. One of them attracting nation-wide attention was that of Cassie L. Chadwick, who had posed as the illegitimate daughter of Andrew Carnegie, forged his name to documents purporting to be notes for one and a half million dollars, put up these documents with a confiding banker and succeeded in obtaining large sums of money. She was under indictment in the federal court on charge of wrecking a national bank, and in the criminal branch of the common pleas court on charge of forgery. She was tried in the federal court, found guilty, and sentenced to the He was a member penitentiary, where she died. of the board of trustees of Denison University, and he was also a trustee of the Women 's Christinn Temperance Union, Cleveland. He was appointed by Gov. Harmon delegate to meetings of the international convention for prison reform. Politically he was a Republican, and lie was a

Poane Academy,

ceived the degree of M. D. in the New York Homeopathic Medical College, supplementing his work in the hospitals and post-graduate schools of New York. In 1895 he began the practice of his profession at San Jose in association with Dr. William Keith. From the first his work was highly suc-

and his practice multiplied. Sympathetic, painstaking, tireless, he soon drew to himself a large circle of devoted patients. During 18991902 he was health officer of San Jose, and during 1904-10 was surgeon and superintendent of the In 1906 Dr. County (Santa Clara) Hospital. Gates went to Europe, speuding two years in the He then hospitals of Vienna, Berne and Berlin. determined to devote his time exclusively to surgery and settled in Los Angeles, where he at once acquired a large practice and became known as one of the leading surgeons of the Southwest. That he had the power to relieve human suffering, to save human life, to cheer human distress, was to him more than all else; as his skill became known, the demands upon his time and services overwhelmed him, and his health became impaired. He possessed in a high degree the qualities inherent in greatness. In him unusual mental acumen was united with an extraordinary capacity for work. He was married in Sau Francisco, Cal., Dec. 22, 1897, to Amelia, daughter of Louis LevinDr. son, and had one son. Harold Keith Gates. Gates died in Rome, Italy, .May S, 1914. cessful,

LOVE, Alfred Henry,

and philan-

merchant

thropist, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 7, 1830, son of William H. and Rachel (Evans) Love. He was graduated A.B. at tBe Central High School,

of Philadelphia in 1847, and in 85 became associated in business with his father, a dealer in 1

1

THE NATIONAL

204

(

Yri.ol'.-EDIA

As senior member of the firm of was alderman of the old 17th ward, Chicago; was continued in the woolen com- a member of the board of education in 1*72-73, mission business for a period of over sixty years. and was a presidential elector in the election of In 1845 lie was one of the founders of the Amer- Pres. Hayes. In Masonic circles he attained high ican Literary Union, which was chartered in 1S5H, rank; he was a charter member and life member of and of which he served as president from 1875 l.in.nln Park Lodge No. 611; life member of Coi until (lie close of his life. In 1866 he assisted inthian chapter No. 69; charter member of St. in organizing the Universal Peace Union, which Bernard commandery, the organization of which he he also served as president until his death; was in- was first to suggest, and a member (Scottish Bite strumental in forming over fifty other branches, 32) of Oriental consistory. Col. Sehaffner was and was a patron of the International Council of possessed of an exceedingly generous disposition; Women. He was actively interested in the aboli- he was straightforward, frank and outspoken, of tion movement, and was vice-president of the unquestioned probity, and prompt and conscien woolen goods. A. II. Love iV

Co., he

Pennsylvania Abolition Society. Other causes ad- tious in all his dealings. His favorite pursuit was vocated by him were temperance, the welfare of reading, and so ardently did he range through the the Indians, and prison reform. For over fifty fields of literature that he was recognized as a years he was a member, and at one time vice- widely-read and well-educated man. He was marpresident of the Pennsylvania Prison Society, and ried in Chicago, Nov. 22, 1866, to Ida, daughter of was editor of the "Prison Journal." The cause Isaac Eutishauser, a Swiss manufacturer who came of peace claimed his untiring devotion, and at the to America in 1858. Their children were: Lucy I., outbreak of the civil war he refused to sell goods Julia A., C. Louise and Unita, an adopted daughfor army use, which actiou resulted in the disso- ter. Col. Sehaffner died in Chicago, May, 5, 1914. lution of the firm with which he was connected. Portrait opposite page 205. A speaker of intense earnestness, he delivered HEATH, Perry Sanford, journalist and capimany addresses on peace, reformatory and philan- talist, was born near Muncie, lnd., Aug. 31, 1857, thropic subjects, and contributed numerous arti- son of Jacob W. and Ehoda A. (Perdieu) Heath. He His father was a farmer and also a lay minister cles regarding them to various magazines. was editor of "The Bond of Peace," "The Voice in the Methodist Episcopal church. At the age of of Peace," "The Peacemaker," and "Court of fourteen, the son eutered a newspaper office to Arbitration" for more than forty years. He was learn the printer 's trade. In 1877 he became an connected with the Philadelphia Board of Trade, editor of the "Muncie Weekly Times," and soon the Trade League, and various commercial and thereafter he established "The Daily Times," benevolent associations. He belonged to the liberal Muncie 's first daily newspaper, of which he was branch of Friends and, without sectarianism, managing editor and publisher until 1881, when believed in practical religion. He was married he established the "Dakota Pioneer," the first Later he went Jan. 13, 1853, to Susan Henry, daughter of John newspaper at Aberdeen, S. Dak. Brown, of Burlington county, N. J. their children to Washington as a general newspaper corresponwere: William Henry, John Brown and Elizabeth dent and organized and conducted the National Ellis Love. He died in Philadelphia, June 29, Associated Press, became identified with official affairs and made the acquaintance of many public 1913. SCHAFFNER, Louis, merchant, was born in men. In 1894 he purchased a controlling interest Alsace (then belonging to France), July 25, 1N27, in the Cincinnati "Commercial Gazette," and was son of Frederick and Salome Sehaffner. Coming its president, editor and general manager. He was to America at nine years of age, his educational influential in securing Pres. McKinley's nomination at St. Louis, Mo., in 1896. He had charge of opportunities were limited, but he was an indefatigable reader, and by his own efforts acquired a the literary and publication bureau of the Republiliberal education. He began his business career in can National committee for both the New York New York city, where he and his brother engaged and Chicago branches of the committee during in the dry goods trade. At the outbreak of the civil the presidential campaigns of 1888, 1892, 1896 war he organized the first volunteer company, and 1900. He was secretary of the Eepublican which was mustered in, May 7, 1861, as company A, National Committee during the chairmanship of He declined the nomination 7th N. Y. volunteers, and of which he was first lieu- Marcus A. Hauna. tenant and adjutant. In the following October he to Congress in 1890. He was appointed by Pres. became captain in the 82d regiment, N. Y. volun- McKinley first assistant and acting postmasterin March, 1897, and was accorded the teers, and in November, 1862, major of the 156th general Thereafter he was unusual compliment of confirmation by the senate regiment, N. Y. volunteers. without the customary reference to committee. successively captain in invalid corps (June, 1863) lieutenant-colonel in invalid corps (July, 1863) During the summer and autumn of 1896 Mr. much interest and influence in provost marshal of prisoners in Eock Island bar- Heath exerted racks (Nov. 15, 1863, to Mar. 8, 1864) lieutenant- unionizing non-union printing offices in Chicago, colonel of 153d regiment, Illinois infantry volun- and succeeded in bringing into the union a number teers (Feb. 27, 1S65), serving until honorably dis- of the largest non-union offices in Illinois, comcharged at the close of the war. He participated prising 12,000 men, on account of which the in the battles of Big Bethel and Balls Bluff, Va. Allied Printers Union in Chicago, the TypographAfter the war he settled in Chicago, 111., where he ical Union of Washington, D. C, and the Internawas a tobacco merchant during 1873-94. He was tional Typographical Union elected him an on the staff of Gov. Cullom as brigadier-general honorary member. As first assistant and acting and paymaster in 1877, and as colonel and aide-de- postmaster-general he established the custom of camp in 1879, and was on Gov. Hamilton's staff as confining government contracts for emergency Col. Sehaffner printing to union shops, secured legislation in becolonel and aide-de-camp in 1883. was commander of Post 27, G. A. B., Chicago, in half of the post-office employees and established 1869, and in the same year was a member of the and made possible the rural free delivery of mail. committee that planned and inaugurated the ob- While in Washington he made a study of financial servance of Memorial Day. He was U. S. assistant subjects, and became interested in several banking Between 1881 and assessor in 1866-70, and for five years following and industrial institutions. ;

;

;

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'

I.i

tUIS

SCHAFFXER

MERCHANT

ERNEST

L.

CARR

FIX \.\CIKR

PERRY

S.

HEATH

JOURNALIST

CHARLES

C.

BARRY

LAWYER AND BANKER

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

205

1894 he was probably the most prolific copy-pro- work was most signally demonstrated. While keen ducer in the country, and created during his in perception Mr. Carr was always a patient ploddirection of the old National Associated Press the der for all the facts in the case, was calm in most complete system of news condensation and judgment, sure in his grasp of the essential prinHe ciples, simple and straight-forward in statement, the present "flash bulletin" of wire news. was prominently identified with the various con- unyielding as to convictions and always ready for In the family stitutional conventions in North and South Dakota, action according to his conclusion. winch resulted in a division of the territory and circle he was a tender companion, a loving husadmission of the same into the Union. In recog- band and a provident father. He was a member nition of this he was tendered by Pres. Harrison of the Melrose and Belleview Golf clubs, and was the position of governor for the two Dakotas after a director in various financial and business organithe zations. He was married Oct. 16, 1900, to Lillian, congress had passed the enabling act, and ratification of the constitution for the two states daughter of Albert B. Franklin, who was of the was to be submitted to the people thereof, a posi- same family as Benjamin Franklin, the statesman. tion warranting a United States senatorship. She survived him with four children: Dorothy, When he visited Russia in 1887, nihilists were Marjorie, John and Franklin Carr. He died at 1914. rampant, and he later wrote many magazine Melrose, Mass., July 13, BARRY, Charles Copeland, lawyer, banker articles and published a book entitled "A Hoosier in Russia, 2 which had an extensive and successful and philanthropist, was born at Melrose, Ma,ss., He was chairman of the committee of July 11. 1848, son of Royal Pierce and Elizabeth circulation. arrangements of the triennial convention of the (Serrat) Barry. He was educated in the gramInternational Postal Union, which met in Washing- mar and high schools of Melrose, and began his ton City in 1897, one of the most important inter- business career in the service of W. E. Coffin & When this firm renational bodies that ever assembled in this Co., iron merchants, Boston. He was chosen sole arbitrator to pass tired from business in 1S78, he became a clerk in country. the United the office of Ropes, Gray & Boring, afterwards upon a long-pending dispute between States government and the Western Union Tele- Ropes, Gray & Gorham, attorneys of Boston, and on for years prior to his death was confidential clerk graph Co. as to the rate of tolls to be paid government messages, and his report when made, as well as a member of the corporation. He was million also a trustee of the Melrose Savings Bank, and involving a very broad principle and a court from 1874 was secretary and treasurer of the Bosdollars, was promptly accepted by the U. S. the ton Associates. Mr. Barry was interested in every of claims, Western Union Telegraph Co. and Federal government as a satisfactory adjustment social, forward and welfare movement. He was past all of which was ratified by president (1S95), and trustee, of the Boston Bapof the controversy The arduous duties performed by him tist Social Union; president Boston Baptist City congress. in organizing, establishing and maintaining the Mission Society; vice-president American Baptist military postal service during the Spanish-Ameri- Home Mission Society; treasurer Newton Theologchairman of the apportionment can war are matters of history. Mr. Heath pur- ical Institution chased the Salt Lake "Tribune" in 1901, of which committee for Massachusetts of the National he became editor and general manager, and estab- Northern Baptist Convention; auditor Northern lished the Salt Lake "Evening Telegram" in 1903, Baptist Educational Society; director Massachuboth of which he disposed of in 1905. He was an setts Baptist Missionary Society; moderator Bosof the Salt ton East Baptist Association of Churches; correincorporator and director (1901-03) Lake-Los Angeles railroad. At the present time sponding secretary Massachusetts Baptist Sunday he is interested in various industries, commercial, School Association; past treasurer Massachusetts is the owner Interdenominational Sunday School Association, gas, oil and mining companies, and He is a member of the and the dominant figure in the First Baptist of much real estate. the Gridiron, Church of Melrose, in which he was deacon, superAuthors' Club of London, Eng. National and National Rifle clubs of Washington, intendent of the Sunday School (1878-99), orD. C, the Alta Club of Salt Lake City, Utah, and ganizer and teacher of the Barry Bible class, and numerous others. Mr. Heath was married Sept. chairman or member of every important chinch He was past president of the Amphion 17, 1890, to Ella, daughter of Capt. George W. committee. Conway of Louisville, Kv. club, Melrose; secretary of the old Melrose Lyceum CAEE, Ernest Leighton, financier, was born Committee; a founder (ISO.'!) of the Franklin at Melrose, Mass., Nov. 5, 187-4, son of George Ed- Fraternity of Melrose; trustee of the Melrose pubwin and Martha Frances (Watts) Carr. He was lic library from its establishment in 1871, and at graduated at the Melrose high school and became his death chairman of the trustees; trustee and associated with the Ohl^L'olony Trust Co. in L892, director of the Melrose Young Men's Christian Melrose remaining until 1S98, when he accepted the office Association; High School president of treasurer of the United Electric Securities Co. Alumni Association, and member of the Men In this capacity he had the general direction and and Religion Forward Movement, and one of management of the company and of the various the Boston committee of 100 ou that movement, electric lighting and public service corporations, and secretary of the building committee that which it controlled and he held that position until erected the Ford building, Boston. He possessed a the close of his life. Mr. Carr early evinced a fine sense of civic duty,, was a member of the desire to devote his life to the best interests of Melrose Hospital Association; secretary of the As a member of the First Baptist charter committee that drafted a new charter for humanity. church of Mehose, he was among the foremost Melrose; and chairman of the sinking fund comto bestow his money, his advice and his personal mission, lie was known as the first citizen of service to accomplish the welfare of the organiza- Melrose and none disputed him that distinction. tion. For years he was a director of the Mel He was married (I) Nov. 8, 1871, to Harriet rose Y. M. C. A. and was a member of the board Louisa, daughter of Col. Ephraim Moulton, of Melof the Melrose Hospital Association. He was one rose, Mass.. by whom In' had one son, Charles of the leaders in the great campaign for the new- Gardner Barry; she died in 1885 ami he was marhospital, and his ability in securing funds for this ried (2) at South Fraininghnm, Mass., Oct. 10, '

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

l_'o

1889, ren,

to

of

Sarah Marin, daughter of George War Weston, Mass. They had one daughter,

Eleanor Elizabeth Barry. Mass., Dee. 27. 1911.

GRAY, John Chipman,

He

died

in

Melrose,

lawyer ami educator,

Society of Boston, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, president of the Bar Association of the City of Boston, and also president for a time of the Harvard Alumni Association. He was one of the council of Radeliffe College. The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Vale

was born in Brighton, Mass., .Inly 14, lv'19, sun of Horace and Sarah Russell (Gardner) Gray, grand- in 1S94 and by Harvard in 1895. lie was marson of 'William and his wife Elizabeth Chipman ried, June 4, 1873, to Anna S. Lyman, daughter of Gray, and great-grandson of Abraham and Lydia Rev. Charles Mason, of Boston, and granddaughter William Gray was of Hon. Jeremiah Mason (q.v) Calley Gray of Lynn, Mass. they had two Roland and Eleanor Lyman, wife of the second largest shipowner on the Atlantic sea- children: D. Tudor. Prof. board, and lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts at Henry Gray died in Boston, the time that Elbridge Gerry (q.v.) was governor. Mass.. Feb. 25, 1915. William John Chipman Gray was educated at the Boston FRITZ, Wallace, physician, was born Latin School; was graduated at Harvard College at Elders Ridge, Indiana co., Pa", Apr. 25, 1872, son of in 1859, and at the Harvard Law School in 1861. William and Sarah (Miller) Fritz, and a He studied for a third year at the law school, and descendant of Jacob Fritz, who settled in Perry was admitted to the Suffolk bar, in 1862. Shortly county, Pa., from Germany, in 1727. He was afterward he enlisted in the army as second- reared on his father's farm until sixteen years of lieutenant, 41st Mass. volunteers and the 3rd M;iss. age, when he was graduated at Elders Ridge He was aide-de-camp to Gen. Gordon, Academy and joined a civil engineering corps as cavalry. and major and judge advocate-general of the U. S. axeman. While haying in the following summer volunteers on the staffs of Gen. Foster and Gen. he was so injured by falling from a load of hay Gillmore. At the close of the war he returned to that his life was despaired of, and while convalBoston and began the practice of his profession in escing began the study of anatomy, thus determinIn 1891 he entered the partnership with John C. Ropes. Later, by the ad- ing his future career. dition of William Caleb Loring the firm became Medico-Chirurgical College in Philadelphia, and Ropes, Gray & Loring; and at the time of Mr. was graduated M.D. in 1894, having been a charter Gray's death it included, under the name of Ropes, member of the L. Webster Fox Ophthalmological Gray, Boyden & Perkins, eight of his former pupils, Society and member of the William Easterly Ashamong them his son Roland. He was appointed ton Gynecological Society; he was also assistant lecturer at the Harvard Law School in 1869, and gynecologist in the dispensary service of the colreappointed in 1871, 1872 and 1S73. In 1875 he lege and hospital. In 1892 he received a diploma was made Story professor of law, and in 1883, from the Philadelphia School of Anatomy for proRoyall professor of law, retiring in 1913 as Royall ficiency and research work; was demonstrator in His term of service thus the latter school in 1895 was elected director and professor of law, emeritus. covered the whole development of the modern school, dean in 1896, and was lecturer on anatomy in the and every member of the present faculty (1918) Medico-Chirurgical and Philadelphia Dental colcame under his instruction. No other member of the leges. In 1897 he was appointed lecturer on minor Harvard Law School equalled his length of serv- surgery in the Philadelphia Dental College; in ice. Prof. Gray had the power to inspire in his 1S98 became surgeon on the staff and in 1899 constudents profound enthusiasm for their work. sultant medical chief of the Garretson Hospital, With Mr. Ropes he founded the "American Law and in 1900 was graduated D.D.S. at the PhiladelReview" in 18S6 and edited it for several years phia Dental College. During the latter year he with ability and success. Thereafter he published organized the medical and pharmaceutical departseveral treatises of marked excellence. The first ments of Temple University, of which he was dean edition of his "Restraints on the Alienation of and professor of anatomy and clinical surgery. He ;

;

Property" appeared in 1883, the second in 1895. There were three editions of his "Rule Against "The Nature Perpetuitise" (1886, 1906, 1915). and Sources of the Law," embodying the substance of lectures delivered at Columbia Law School appeared in 1909. He also published two editions of his collected "Cases on Property" in six volProf. umes, and various articles in magazines. Gray was well known in England, and wherever the common law prevailed was an authority on real He had a wide circle of friends, and property. received for his labors the love and gratitude of a vast number of students and clients. Of him Maj. Henry L. Higginson said: "John was a delightful companion, and clung to his friends as they did to him. He shrank from public honors and high positions offered him, for he liked best, large earnest work, and was deeply interested in the real the essential things of life and he put aside the rest." He was a director of the Boston and Providence railroad, vice-president of the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Co., trustee of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and member of the corporations of the Boston Athenaeum and the Social Law Library. He was also a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American Academy of Fine Arts and Sciences (former vicepresident), the Massachusetts Military Historical

also inaugurated there a five-years ' course of study for medical students, Temple University being the first university in this country to require a fiveyears' course. During this time he was surgeon on the staff of the Samaritan Hospital, and professor of anatomy and surgery in the Philadelphia Normal Training School. Having become interested in the drugless treatment of human ills, in

1906 he was appointed professor of surgery and clinical surgery in the Philadelphia College and Infirmary of Osteopathy, and in 1908 organized the

He was dean of the latter, professor of anatomy, surgery and clinical surgery and a member of the board of trustees, and in 1909 became president of the corporation. Dr. Fritz is one of the iconoclasts of the medical profession, having evolved a number of theories that run contrary to the generally acHe denies that cepted beliefs of the profession. most diseases are caused by bacteria, claiming that the beginning of all diseases is the loss of the function of the nerve mechanism governing the blood supply to the involved area, producing hyperemia followed by blood stasis, diminishing the resisting power in the involved area, which thus becomes susceptible to the invasion of disease germs; also that diseases can be prevented by removing the blood and lymphatic stasis from the American College of Neuropathy.

^

^A2

.

?

?-

OF

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

He was married in largely to its propaganda. 1880 to Jennie 11. Sutton, of Lapeer. Mich., who died that same year and in 1SS4 lie was married tu Mary Eleanor Allen, of Grand Rapids, Mich.,

221

railway service, at Fort Scott, Kan., as clerk, for Missouri River, Fort Seott & Gulf Railway, now the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis He was later appointed chief clerk in Railway. who bore him two children, Harold Allen and the offices of the general freight and passenger Paul Bernard Thomas. agent, Kansas City, and afterwards chief clerk to MEYER, Cord, financier and politician, was the general superintendent. Later he was emhorn at Maspeth, L. I., Oct. 9, 1S54, son of Cord ployed to examine the route for the Memphis and Catharine (Benson) Meyer who came to this extension, and in taking up the stock and bonds country from Hanover, Germany, in 1823, and of the Springfield and Southwestern Railway, founded the sugar refining firm of Dick & Meyer, now a part of that extension. In 1879 he was which became one of the largest of its kind in the appointed general freight and passenger agent of United States. He was educated in the public the Atchison & Nebraska Railway, continuing in schools of New York and at the College of the City that capacity until the road was sold to the He had barely passed his majority Burlington & Missouri River Railway, now a part of New York. when he became identified with Democratic polities of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad in Queens county. Ex-Mayor Gleason of Long Isl- Co. He then removed to Indianapolis as auditor and City was then fighting for control of Queens, and cashier of the Indianapolis, Bloomington & and in the clash between Gleason and young Meyer Western Railway, and was soon promoted to assisthe latter won. This brought him into prominence tant general manager and then general manager. In in New York state, and in spite of his outspoken 1886 he was appointed receiver, and after the foreopposition to machine methods he held and, in fact, closure became general manager of the reorganized augmented that prominence for some thirty years. company, and was the dominant factor in effecting In a notoriously machine-ridden state his success the sale of the company to the Cleveland, Cincinunder the circumstances was unusual, and he owed nati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway in 1889. While it altogther to the fact that his ability, personresiding in Indianapolis he was general manager ality and palpable honesty were far too striking to of the Ohio Southern Railway; receiver of the be ignored. He was a member of the Democratic Danville, Olney & Ohio River Railway, and for state committee during 1884-89 and for a time its two years was in charge of operation, and agent secretary. His name appeared on the directorates of for the purchasers of the Dayton & Ironton and New York's foremost financial institutions, includ- the Dayton & Toledo railways, now part of the ing the Hanover National Bank, the Home Life In- Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway Co. He surance Co., the Colonial Trust Co., the Kings was appointed general sales manager of the County Trust Co., the American Agricultural Chemi- Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. in 1889, cal Co., the International Steam Pump Co., the Lake becoming first vice president in 1903. Meanwhile, Charles Rice Milling Co., the Lanyon Zinc Co., the in 1896, he had been appointed second vice presiTennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co. and the dent, in charge of freight traffic, of the PhiladelWindsor Trust Co. He organized the Citizens' phia & Reading Railroad Co., and succeeded not Water Supply Co. of Newton and built it up to be only in rejuvenating the Reading, but in making the largest private company in New York state. the port of Philadelphia an important factor in He was also a recognized power in the financial the trans-Atlantic service. When he entered the business of the metropolis. He had strong faith in service of the road millions of tons of freight the tremendous future of the oil and steel products were moving in both directions past the doors of of the country, and participated actively in indus- the city. He at once set himself to the task of tries along those lines. As an executor of his attracting a part of that great tonnage to Philalather's estate on Long Island, he did much to delphia; built the great Port Richmond yards, develop Long Island property. Mr. Meyer was and induced trans-Atlantic steamship lines to inmarried Oct, 9, 1878, at Maspeth, to Cornelia augurate regular freight service to and from that Maria, daughter of Charles G. Covert, and had five port in connection with the Reading. In 1907 this sons: Charles G., J. Edward, George O, Robert B. road, which had no such traffic, saw 152 sailings and Cord Meyer, Jr. He died at his home at from, its piers, against 150 clearings from other Great Neck, L. I., Oct. 14, 1910. In 1S97 the freight piers in the ocean service. HENDERSON, Charles English, railway traffic of the Reading yielded a gross revenue of the corresponding figures for 1907 executive, was born in Jefferson county, Va. (now $15,990,707 W. Va.) Sept. 25, 1884, son of Richard and Eliza- were $35,090,359. This development hurt no one. beth Ann Beall (English) Henderson, and a The company 's merchandise commerce was diverted descendant of Richard Henderson, who came from from no other carrier. It was an example of new In Blantyre, Scotland, in 1756, and settled at Blad- blood and broad ideas creating new commerce. ensburg, Md.; he married Sarah Brice, and their PHIS he retired to his splendid country estate on son John and his wife Lydia Ridgely Perry were the Miles river, Talbot CO., Md., once the home of the grandparents of our subject. His father was Admiral Franklin Buchanan (q.v.), commander of a planter. The son received his preliminary educa- the Merrimae in the engagement with the tion at a private school, and at Georgetown (D. C.) He finds Ins chief recreation in Monitor. Academy. At the outbreak of the civil war he working his farm and in aquatic sports. He is a enlisted in Co. B, 12th Virginia cavalry, partici- member of the board of the Agricultural Society pating in all the campaigns in Virginia, Maryland of the Eastern Shine, and a member of the Mary and Pennsylvania up to the battle of the Wilder- land Historical Society, and the Pennsylvania HisHe is affiliated with the demoness, when he was badly wounded and incapacitorical Society. tated from further service, lie was graduated at cratic church. party, and the Protestant Episcopal tlie medical school of the University of Pennsyl- He is author of a volume of history and genealogy. vania in Isfis with the degree M.H., subsequently He was married in Kansas City. Mo., Oct. 22, 1879, inning resilient physician at P.nvview Bospital, to Ida M., daughter of William Lynn, who had Baltimore, Md., and in 1S7II began the active prac- been treasurer of Muskingum CO., O. They have tice of his profession at Martinsburg, W. Va. lie two children: Charles English, Jr., and William Portrait opposite page 222. relinquished his profession, however, to enter the I, vnn Henderson. the

;

,

'

^avU; & 3ay$7)'~'

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. to humanitarian work ; he was an active trustee of the Morris County Children's Home, and for many yens superintendent and teacher in the Sunday-

school of the Rockaway Presbyterian Church. He was secretary and afterwards treasurer of the Washington Association of New Jersey, and a, life member of the New York and New jersey His-

Loyal region, the Society of the Army of the Potomac, the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America. He was coauthor with Joseph J. Halsey, of a "History of Morris County" (1882); and wrote "A Biographical Sketch of Col. Joseph Jackson of Rockaway, N. J." (1883); "The Continental Army in Morris Countv in the Years 1779-80"; "Memoir of Rev. James Olney Averill" (1887); "History "Rockof the Washington Association" (1891) away Township in the War of the Rebellion" IV>2); "Biographical Sketch of Samuel Beach Halsey of Rockaway, N. J.," (1893); "Inscriptions upon the Tombstones, and Monuments in the Burving Grounds of the First Presbyterian Church and St. John's Church at Elizabeth, N. J." torical Society, as well as of the

;

(1892); 'Church Members, Marriages, and Baptisms at Hanover, Morris Co., N. J., 1746-96" and "Inscriptions on the Tombstones and (1893) ;

Monuments

at Whippany and Hanover, Morris and he was one of County, New Jersey" (1894) the three editors of " Thomas Halsey and his Descendants in America" (1895). He was married May 27, 1S69, to Mary Halsey, daughter of Henry Gray Darcy, and was survived by one daughter, Cornelia Van Wyck, and one son, Edmund Drake Halsev, Jr. He died at Rockaway, N. J., ;

Oct. 17, 1896.

TAYLOR, Frank Eugene,

manufacturer, was 22, 1846, son of James H. Taylor and Elizabeth (Tyler) Taylor. His father was essentially a man of wide experextensive reading in political economy ience, and the sciences and a man of marked business ability, who rapidly became one of the foremost citizens of the state. Frank E. Taylor was educated at the high school in Charleston, S. O, and at the Hillsboro (N. C.) Military Academy, but left the latter institution in August, 1863, to join Co. A of the Hampton Legion under the command of Capt. E. A. Thomas. In 1864 he was made a corporal and in 1S65 promoted to the rank of first sergeant, being detailed by Gen. Robert E. Lee to scout duty on the peninsular of Virginia. He was in fourteen engagements including Knoxville, Petersburg, Richmond and Appomattox, besides numerous skirmishes in Tennessee and Virginia, and was paroled at Augusta, Ga., in May, 1865, after the surrender at Appomattox. At the close of the war he returned to Charleston, S. 4*>+*&ZJ

&OAMV

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

233

came president and general manager of the chief engineer, 1875-76; general manager, 1877-81, Revenue Oil Co., and also a director of the First and president, 1874-75 and 1881-88." His, next imNational Bank and the Pasadena Savings & Trust portant work was the construction of the Canada Co. Making Pasadena his permanent home, he & Atlantic Railroad from Ottawa to Lacolle, became one of the most prominent and influential Canada (1S81-86), of which he was president in business men in southern California. He took a 1886-8.8. His last years were spent in New York deep interest in the improvement of the highways, city, where he was one of the promoters of the and in the development of various public utilities. New York & Boston Rapid Transit Co., 'organized He was called "the father of the good roads move- in 1S86 with a capital of $750,000 to build a railment" in that section and advocated the municipal road from New York to Boston. He was its genownership of the city water. In 1007 he was eral manager and had charge of the preliminary elected mayor of Pasadena in a campaign that surveys. Mr. Linsley was identified with many was particularly free from any personal canvass business enterprises in Burlington and was promor pledges of any kind. After serving two terms, inent in the political affairs of the city, serving as he declined to serve again. He was thereafter city engineer in 1S68-69, school commissioner in chairman of the highway commission of Los 1869-70, mayor of the city in 1870, and superinAngeles county. He was a member of the Los tendent of streets in 1873-75. In 1865 with his Angeles Chamber of Commerce, the Pasadena brother, George L. Linsley, and others he built the Board of Trade, the City Club of Los Angeles, and Linsley 's Mills at Burlington, which for many the Anandale Country and Overland Clubs. He years were conducted under the firm name of S. S. was married at Berlin, Wis., Sept. 3, 1873, to Churchill & Co. He was married in 1858 to MarSarah J., daughter of John Taylor, of Cohoes, tha, daughter of Joseph Denison Hatch of BurN. Y., and had three children: Jessie, Alice and lington, and had two children: Joseph Hatch George Curtis Earley. He died at his home in (q. v.) and Fanny, wife of William M. Brophy. He died in New York city, Oct. 7, 1889. Pasadena, Cal., Oct. 24, 1012. LOUDERBACK, De Lancey Horton, capitalLINSLEY, Daniel Chipman, civil engineer, was born in Middlebury, Vt., April 17, 1827, son ist, was born at Davenport, la., Aug. 22, 1849, son of Charles and Sarah White (Chipman) Liusley of Rev. Alfred and Susan Ophelia (Horton) and grandson of Joel Liusley, a native of Litch- Louderback; grandson of William and Jane (Johnfield, Conn., who settled in Cornwall, Vt., about son) Louderback; great-grandson of John and 1775, became an accomplished surveyor, repre- Amelia (Harris) Louderback, and great-greatsented his town in the state legislature for sev- grandson of Peter Louderback, who came from the eral terms and was judge of the Addison county German Palatinate in 1737 and settled first at Charles Linsley, the father (1795- Lancaster, Pa., and subsequently near Swedesborcourt, 1801-06. 186:;) was one of the ablest lawyers of the state; ough, N. J. His maternal grandfather was Caleb a member of the state legislature; U. S. district Horton, a wholesale importing merchant of New attorney; collector of his district, and for several York city, and a member of the well known Horton years railroad comptroller of Vermont. Daniel C. family which came from England and settled at Rev. Alfred Linsley prepared for college at the Middlebury Southold, Long Island, in 1640. (Vt.) Academy and was a cadet at Norwich Uni- Louderback was a graduate of the General Theo" certifiHe was for logical Seminary, New York city. versity, Vt., during 1844-46, receiving a cate of proficiency" from the civil engineering de- many years rector of Trinity Church, Davenport, partment. Soon after leaving the university he en- la., and he served as chairman of the Muscatine tered the employ of the Rutland & Burlington Rail- convention of 1853, at which the diocese of Iowa De Lancey H. Louderback atroad, as assistant engineer, becoming division engi- was organized. neer in 1850. During 1852-55, he was engineer and tended Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y., but contractor on the Kankakee division of the Illinois left that institution during his sophomore year to Central Railroad and for a portion of this time was become a telegraph operator in the service of the nlso interested with his father and brothers in the New York Central Railroad Co. at Batavia, N. Y. management of a large stock farm near Kankakee. In 1863 he was made assistant train dispatcher of In 1855 he returned to Middlebury, Vt., and spent the Western division at Buffalo, and in that capacsome months writing his valuable work, "Morgan ity piloted the body of Abraham Lincoln from Horses" (1856) which won a prize from the Ver- Rochester to Buffalo, because the officials feared mont State Agricultural Society. During 1856-59 that the train might be wrecked. He was manhe conducted the "Vermont Stock Journal." As ager of the Western Union Telegraph Co. in chief engineer of the Vermont and Canada Rail- Philadelphia, Pa., until the great telegraph strike, road he built the line from the dock in Burlington after which he started independent telegraph to Essex Junction, including the long tunnel underNorth avenue, Burlington, which at that time was considered a great engineering feat because it

cut through sand and new engineering methods were necessary to meet the new conditions. He also built the imposing passenger stations at Burlington and St. Albans and the extension of the road from St. Albans to St. Johns, Canada. He was also chief engineer of the Vermont Central Railroad (1860-62) tin- Montreal & Vermont Junction Railroad (186265) the Vermont division of the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad, now the St.

was

;

;

Johnsbury and Lake Champlain Railroad, (186566) Lebanon Springs Railroad ( 1866-69), and asPacific sistant chief engineer of the Northern Railroad, under Edwin F. Johnson (q. v.) (1870He was one of the organizers of the Hur'',). ;

ling

& Lamoille Valley Railroad

in 1874, serving as

in New York, Long Branch, Philadelphia Washington, in opposition to the Western Union. In 1872 he sold his telegraph interests and removed to Chicago, III., where he opened opposition telegraph offices on the same plan pursued in the East. Upon the consolidation of the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Co. with the Western Union, he again became identified with the latter as manIn L876 ager of their main office in Chicago. hi' transferred his services to the sales and contract department of the Western Electric Manufacturing Co., and in 1878, upon the purchase by that company of the factory of the Western Union Telegraph Co. in New York, he was placed in charge of sales in the East. While in New York, under the direction of H. McKown Twombly, Mr. Louderback acted as peacemaker between the Western Union Telegraph Co. and the Bell offices

and

234

THE

NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

the contract & Lewis. interests, He was regarded ns the peer of any Telephone negotiating whereby the Bell company secured the monopoly one in the civil law, and handled many notable of the telephone business in this country. For criminal cases with unique distinction. His record this service he received a half interest in the as a lawyer is written in the jurisprudence of franchises for telephones in seven Smith Atlantic his native state. Few men were more conspicuous in Democratic politics in the state, yet he states, and with H. MeKown Twombly, Anson Stayer, Henry I!. Plant and Norvin Green he never held public office, and invariably declined He preferment, though frequently tendered appoint organized the Southern Bell Telephone Co. was also an officer in sixteen telephone companies incuts. Twice only did he waive his universal in the Middle \\V-t, all of which were subsequently rule: In 1904 he served on the state board of consolidated into the Central Union Telephone \>. education, and in loll' he was chairman of the and Michigan Bell Telephone Co. He was vice- Democratic state central committee. Upon four president and general manager of the latter until different occasions he headed state-wide move1886, when he became general manager of the ments, and was largely responsible for them: Chicago Edison Co. Because of impaired health Anti-lottery in IS'.il'; constitutional convention in he went to the Pacific coast in ISMS, ami there 1898; the Democratic good government league, purchased control of the Tacoma Railway and and the breaking of the unit rule resolution in the Motor Co., equipped it electrically, and sold it convention of 1912. In 1896 he was active in the to Henry Villard and associates. He also became white supremacy fight in St. Landry parish, when interested in the Tacoma Smelter Co., which was the state militia was sent there a struggle which constructed under his management, and of which resulted in the calling of the constitutional convenhe was vice-president and treasurer. Returning to tion which eliminated the negro from Louisiana Chicago in 1890, he became president of and elec- polities for all time. During those strenuous days trically equipped all the lines of the Davenport, in St. Landry parish, when the court house square Rock Island and Moline street railways. During was an arsenal, Col. Lewis was absolutely without the ensuing ten years he built the Chicago North fear, and declined to carry a pistol. Had the Shore Electric railroad, Evanston Electric railway, erstwhile unit rule prevailed in Louisiana, Clark North Chicago Electric railway, North Side Elec- would have received the Louisiana vote at the tric railroad, Chicago Electric Transit road, JefferBaltimore convention, and it was afterward deson and Urban Transit road, and the Northwestern clared might have been the candidate over Wilson Elevated railroad, of all of which he was president. for the presidency. An original Wilson man, he As president of the Lake Street Elevated Railroad defeated the unit rule on the floor of the convenCo. he built its extensions into the heart of 'hi- tion, and with that defeat half of the delegates eago, also its Western extension to Oak Park. were saved to Wilson from the start. He was marAs general manager of the Loop Construction ried at Alexandria, La., in May, 1858, to Josephine, Co. he built the Union Elevated railroad around (laughter of Josiah Williams, of Rapids parish. the business district of Chicago, and was general She survives him with six children: Dr. M. D. and also of the Garden Construction Co. James J., of Eunice, La.; Thomas H, Houston, manager City and the Columbia Construction Co. In 1900 he was Tex.; Bessie, wife of Dr. J. P. Saizan; John of the Yerkes London appointed general manager W., of Opelousas, and Nina, wife of W. S. Frazee, Underground system, and made the contracts for of Pearl River, La. He died in New Orleans, La., the purchase of the franchise of the Charing Cross, Jan. 21, 1914. Portrait opposite p. 235. Euston and Hampstead Heath Railroad Co., and ARNOLD, Reuben, lawyer, was born in Greencontracts for its let the complete construction, in- ville, Tenn.. Aug. 7, 1833, "son of Thomas D. and He arranged later to Loretta (Rose) Arnold. His father was a soldier volving about $15,000,000. control the secure the of Metropolitan District Un- in the war of 1812, and afterwards a brigadierderground railroad, London, for the Yerkes in- general in the state militia. Reuben Arnold reterests, but on account of the ill health of his ceived his early education in the schools of Greenwife was compelled to return to America before ville and was graduated at the University of TenMr. Louderback nessee in 1851. He immediately began the study the completion of these plans. was a man of more than ordinary intellectual at- of law with his father, at that time a member of His benevolence was abounding, his congress, and, being admitted to the bar in 1854, tainments. sympathy was genuine, and his hospitality a fine established himself in practice in Greenville. In He was married in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 1861 he organized the 29th Tenn. Inf., of which art. '"he colonel being 25, 1868, to Virginia, daughter of Philip Mixsell, he became lieutenant-colonel, a merchant of Philadelphia; she died in 1911. He wounded at Fishing Creek in January, 1862, he died in Chicago, Apr. 9, 1914. took command of his regiment. At Iuka Springs LEWIS, Thomas H., soldier, lawyer and it was a part of Crittenden 's division. Before the political leader, was born at Opelousas, La., June battle of Shiloh, the Federals landed 9,000 men and 16, 1836, son of William B. Lewis, and grandson captured East Port, and marched on Iuka Springs
ajL

O JAMES

T.

WHITE

5.

CO,

OF

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

He died at his country home, Strawberry Hill, Stamford, Conn., June 1, 1913. BEATSON, Andrew Kay, mining operator and assistance.

capitalist,

was born

in

New York

city,

July

7,

1854, son of James and Martha (Robertson) BeatHis father was a native of Scotland and son. settled in

New York

city.

The son was taken

to

California by his parents during his infancy ami there received his education in the public schools. In 1881 he was appointed superintendent of the Big Bend Tunnel and Mining Co. He remained with that corporation ten years and directed the construction of the 12,000-foot tunnel which now drains the Feather river and which is the source of power of the Great Western Power Co., operating in the San

Francisco bay district. In 1896 he went to Alaska and staked the first claim in the celebrated Big Bonanza copper mine. This discovery comprised the second group of copper locations made in southwestern Alaska. "When the British Columbia syndicate which took over the Bonanza property gave up their option, he interested his cousin, Andrew Robertson, in the venture. They formed the Latouche Copper Co., and blocked out $1,500,000 worth of ore before the Guggenheims became interested in it. With the financial aid of the Guggenheims the claims developed into one of the The greatest copper properties in the world. Alaska Syndicate, controlled by the Guggenheims, became identified with Beatson and Robertson in 1910, since which time development has progressed carried on unrapidly, the joint operations being der the name of the Beatson Copper Co., with main

New York

The first ore shipment from the Bonanza mine was made through Seattle In 190.1 a shipment of 100 tons was in 1899. brought down from Alaska and since that time the production has increased steadily. At the time of Mr. Beatson 's death the property had paid more than $1,000,000 profit and 5,000,000 tons of ore had been blocked out, while a 500-ton concenIn 1911 he trator was in process of installation. practically retired from the active management of the company and two years later he took up his permanent home at Los Angeles, Cal. In 1914 he was induced to re-enter business as president of the new incorporation, the Fifty Associates, a company dealing with the financing of commercial enterprises. He was a member of the Arctic Club, Seattle, and he found his chief recreation in huntA pioneer in the ing, being an expert rifle shot. development of mining in Alaska, Mr. Beatson was also well known in mining circles throughout the No path was too rugged, no trail too country. lonesome for him to climb; no task too arduous for him to undertake. Throughout the period when the Alaskan mining camp was a rendezvous for the most adventurous and lawless spirits

offices in

city.

BEECHER,

30a

Willis Judson, theologian, educa-

tor and author, was born in Hampden, O., Apr. 29, 1838. His parents were of New England descent, his father having settled in Ohio as a home misHis early years were spent in Ohio, Consionary. He received his necticut and central New York.

preparatory education at Augusta Academy and Vernon Academy, Oneida county, was graduated (A.B.) at Hamilton College in 1858, with the valedictory, and three years later received the degree He served as of A.M. from the same institution. a teacher in Whitestown Seminary for a short time, and then entered Auburn Theological Seminary where he was graduated in 1864. That year, also, he was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry, and in 1864-65 was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Ovid, N. Y. During 1S65-69 he was professor of moral science and belles lettres at Knox of the College, and during 1869-71 was pastor at First Church of Christ (Congregational) Galesburg. In the latter year he was called to the chair of Hebrew language and literature in Auburn Theological Seminary, and for thirty-seven years occupied this position with conspicuous fidelity to the demands of the professorship and with a constantly increasing reputation for scholarship. During all his career as a teacher Dr. Beecher continued his studies, always welcoming the latest discoveries in science and research, and always hospitable to progress in philosophical thought. After 1908, when he retired from the Seminary faculty, he devoted most of his time to lecturing for publication, to the service of the several boards and organizations of which he was a member, and occasionally to occupying pulpits in Auburn and vicinity. His most important literary

and writing

work was

his published

books and pamphlets, ex-

tensive contributions to various newspapers, magreviews, journals of societies, encycloazines, of referpaedias, teachers' bibles and other books ence and introductions or chapters in numerous Among the most important published volumes. contributions were a series of articles on the Old Testament in the American supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britannica" (1883-89); twelve articles on "The Postexilic History of Israel," published in the "Old and New Testament Student" (1889-90); the series on matters connected with the Presbyterian churches, in "Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia" (1892-95) and, since 1893, the Old Testament "Critical Notes" in the "Sunday School Times", and articles in the "Illus'

'

Bible Treasury" (1896) and Hastings' "Dictionary of the Bible" (1898-1902). He also Farmer Tompkins and published in book form His Bibles" (1S74), the introduction to the "Intrated

'

'

dex of Presbyterian Ministers," 1706-1881 (published 1883) ;' "Drill Lessons in Hebrew" (1883, of the world, he sought fortune in a coun1886); "Old Testament Notes" (1897); "The try that was not brought under the reign of law; Prophets and the Promise" (1905); "The Teachand in whatever camp or town he was, he was a ing of Jesus Concerning the Future Life" (1906) force for the maintenance of order and the preser- "The Dated Events of the Old Testament" vation of peace. Although he loved beyond all things (1907) "Reasonable Biblical Criticism" (1911) ; the companionship of books and his friends, he foland several small volumes. Dr.Beecher was president lowed for years the paths that led to the hardest of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis He then returned to in toil and the greatest danger. 1904; member of the American Oriental Society; California and devoted himself to his family, American Institute of Sacred Literature; American his friends and his books. Loyal to friend and Bible League: and a member of the general assemto conviction, frank and courageous, buoyant of bly's committee on the revision of the Confession spirit and well-informed of mind, he was a dein 1890-92. In the latter year he delivered the to those who the lightful companion enjoyed privi- Stone lectures at Princeton university, and in 1909 He was married on he was moderator of the synod of New York. The lege of his companionship. Latouche Island, Alaska, Oct. 7, 1908, to Flora, honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon him daughter of Leonard Richardson. He died in Los by Hamilton College in 1875, and bv Princeton He was married, June 14, University in 1896. Angeles, Cal., Dec. 16, 191-1. ;

;

NATIONAL

Till-:

306

1865, to Sara Maria, daughter of Dr. Alfred Bolter of Ovid, N. Y. two children were born of this union: Martha Leach and Elizabeth Beecher. Dr. Beecher died in Auburn, N. Y., May 10, 1912. TAGGART, Moses, lawyer, was born at Wilof son, Niagara eo., N. Y., Feb. 27, 1843, son His earliest Eufus and Eliza (Cone) Taggart. paternal American ancestor was James Taggart, ;

Ireland, w-hither the family had been driven by religious persecution in Scotland, and settled at Londonderry, N. H., in 1720. His son Samuel, grandfather of Moses Taggart, was a clergyman and a federalist member of congress in 1S03-17. It was the custom at that time to assign each young member of congress to an older member, who instructed him in methods of procedure, and thus it happened that Samuel Taggart became the mentor of Henry Clay. He was the author of several religious and other works well known in his day, inEvidences cluding a widely read volume entitled and in every walk of life was of Christianity, recognized for great force and vigor. He married Elizabeth Duncan, and their son Eufus married Eliza, daughter of Ichabod Cone, of East Hadin the war of dairi, Conn., who served five years Moses Taggart received his prethe revolution.

who came from Londonderry,

'

'

' '

liminary education at Wilson Collegiate Institute, after which he returned to the homestead for a few years to take the place in the fields of his older brothers who had enlisted in the civil war. Later he studied law at Batavia, under the preceptorship of his namesake and uncle, and at the Law School of the University of Michigan, where he was graduated in 1867. In the same year he was admitted to the Buffalo bar and began the In practice of his profession at Lockport, N. Y. 1869 he removed to Cedar Springs, Kent co., Mich.,

('

Y
, to Carrie M., daughter of John Henn, and had four children: William H.; Marsden H., Berenice I.., wife of J. G. Johnston, and Eleanor, wife of -I. W. Speyer.

He

died at Santa Barbara, Cal., Feb.

ROBERTS. David Evan,

jurist,

',

1008.

was born

at

N. Y., Jan. 18, l^/U, son of Hugh and Jane (Evans) Roberts. His father, a native of Denbeigh, Denbeighshire, North Wales, came to America in 1848, settling first in Oneida Cyuuty, N. Y., and subsequently in Lewis county. Florence, Oneida

co.,

327

The son received his preliminary education m the district schools and at Potsdam (N. Y.) Normal School, after which he spent two years at Cornell In 18S0 he removed to Kansas and University. shortly thereafter to Colorado Springs, Col., where he became foreman in a stone quarry in order to He was gain funds to complete his education. graduated at the law school of the University of Michigan in 1882 with the degree LL.B. He began the practice of his profession at Superior, Wis., in 1883. In the following year he was elected district attorney of Douglas county, and in 1SS9 Gov. Rusk appointed him county judge to fill an unexIn 1S!I0 he was regularly elected for pired term. the full term of six years, and was re-elected in His legal 1S96, serving continuously until 1903. opinions were widely quoted and the soundness and equity of his decisions were never questioned. hard student, a man of profound scholarship, with a well-poised mind, ever ready with his legal knowledge, his was a representative of the highest type of judicial service. Upon retiring from the bench he resumed his law practice. He has specialized to an extent in real estate law, and has been identified with numerous important cases involving tax titles and powers of municipalities in Wisconsin. Aside from legal interests, he has found time to become associated with various industrial and financial interests, especially mining, and has established a reputation as a student of economic geology. He has taken a keen interest in civic and municipal activities, having served as a member of the library board, school director and probation officer. He is a member of the American Bar Association, the Wisconsin State Bar Association and the Masonic lodge. His chief diversion is the study of foreign languages, ami he finds his principal recreation in hunting. He was married at Galesville, Wis., Sept. 4, 1884, to Kate, daughter of John Rhodes. She died in 1899, leaving eight children: Hugh M., John R., Helen A., wife of Courtland J. Young, of Superior; Jessie L., wife of Max Rather, of .Madison, Wis.; Florence .1., Morgan E., David W. and Arthur O. Roberts. Loren Albert, editor and pub-

A

SHERMAN,

was born in Bennington township, Wyoming N. Y., Mar. 14, 1844, son of Albert Clark Sherman and Mary Ann (Scotford) Sherman. His earliest paternal American ancestor was Samuel Sherman (1618-1700), a native of Dedham, England, who emigrated in the early part of the seventeenth century and settled in ConHis wife was Sarah Mite hell, and from necticut. them the line of descent is traced through their son John and his wife, Elizabeth their son Samlisher, co.,

;

uel

and

and

Mary Knowles; their son David Hannah; their son Matthew- and his

his wife,

his wife,

Elizabeth; their son Judson and his wife, Percy Riley, who were the grandparents of Loren The latter received his education A. Sherman. in the district schools of Darien township, Ceiiesre enmity, X. Y. at Olivet Institute, now Olivet College', Mich.; at De Witt, Clinton co., Mich., and in the preparatory department of Hillsdale (Mich.) College, his mother and family having lived at these various places during his boyIn 1861, Shortly alter reaching his hood years. seventeenth birthday, he enlisted as a private in the 1st regiment, Michigan volunteer infantry, with which he served until incapacitated by typhoid in the summer of 1S62, when he was honorably disHis command charged from the Federal service. served with Gen, McClellan in front of Richmond and in the battles of Meehanicsville and Gaines' wife,

;

TIIK

::i's

Mill.

NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

he liecatne a Mich., which led to the position of bookkeeper in the office of the Adrian

Upon

newsdealer

at

recovering his health A. Irian,

Expositor," then business manager and editor of that finally newspaper. Upon the establishment id' the Detroit "Post" by Gen. Carl

"Daily

in lS(](i lie became traveling correspondent and solicitor of that newspaper, and afterward removed to Detroit as night, state, news and subIn 1870 he moved sequently managing editor. to Port Huron and assumed the management of the "Weekly Times," and entered the mercantile

Schurz

business in a small way. Two years later he started the "Tri- Weekly Times," which in another year he changed to "The Daily Times." The "Weekly Times" was continued right along It till some years later it became a semi-weekly. was as editor and publisher of these two papers that Mr. Sherman impressed his influence upon the growth of his city and state. In 1907 he retired from active business life and sold the control of the newspapers to his son, Frederick Ward Sher man, but he continued as a contributor. In 1910 with the the consolidated newspapers were Herald under the title of the Times-Herald. Loyal, progressive and always public-spirited, he was ever working for the welfare of his adopted He established the first telephone exchange city. in Port Huron, was for seventeen years manager of the City Opera House, built several business blocks, organized several corporations, established and became president of the Riverside Printing Co., and until 1894 conducted a store for the sale For of books, stationery, art goods and jewelry. eight years he was president of the Republican city committee, was secretary of the county committee, successfully managing several campaigns; was twice a member of the board of education, and for ten years postmaster, 1899-1909. With a '

'

' '

' '

'

'

well-disciplined mind and fortified by long association with men and affairs, he was recognized as an able editorial writer, and through his utterances in the press wielded much influence in the guiding of public thought and action in eastern

as

spy or

Indian

ranger; he married Rebecca son Jesse, who married Margaret Cashey, was the grandfather of John Mason Day. William Day. father of our subject, was a prosperous tanner and stock raiser of Morgan county, Ky.. owned 10.000 acres of timber land in that stale and served in the state legislature. The son was educated in the public schools and at Cumberland College, Virginia. Upon attaining his majority he began his business career as clerk in his father's store at Frozen Creek, and with his brother Nathan succeeded to the business upon his father 's death. Four years later he founded the mercantile firm of Day Brothers Co. in Jackson, Ky., with another brother, Floyd Day. They also owned important lumber mills at Clay City, Beatyville and in Breathitt county, also valuable coal and farm and timber lands. The brothers built twelve miles of railroad through some of the roughest country in

Howe, and

their

(

'.

America from Natural Bridge to Campton,"the Mountain Central railroad, of which he was vicepresident and general manager until his death. In 1899 he became a partner in the wholesale grocery firm of White & Day, at Winchester, and subseToquently purchased his partner's interest. gether with Roger and Albert Bryan and Clay Hunt he then bought the wholesale grocery firm of Pearson & Clark, Lexington, moved his Winchester stock to that city, and combined the two stores under the firm name of Bryan, Day & Hunt. He later sold out. and engaged in the lumber business in Mississippi, but impaired health forced him to relinquish his activities in the South, although he continued to maintain an interest in the Central He was one of the foremost men Mississippi Co. in the development of his section of Kentucky. He was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Order of Hoo-Hoos and the Masonic fraMr. Day was a member of the Presbyternity. terian Church, of which he was also a ruling elder. He was a broad-minded man of public spirit and genial temperament, of courtly demeanor and winning personality. He was as gentle as a child and as modest as a woman, and kindness was the keynote of his existence. He was married, June 30, 1887, to Margaret Charlotte, daughter of (.'apt. John Blair McLin, of Rose Hill, Lee co., Va., who served in the 19th Term, infantry in the civil war. She survives him with four children William Blair, Mary Eleanor, Kelly Bruce and Margaret Catherine Day. He died at Winchester, Ky., Aug. 18, 1915. THRUSTON, Rogers Clark Ballard, metal-

He traveled much and his descriptive from Europe, Egypt, the Orient, the West Indies, the South Seas, from San Francisco at the time of the earthquake and from many other He places were interesting and vividly graphic. made a special study of psychic philosophy and developed some original ideas in that line of inquiry. These are largely embodied in his published book entitled "Science' of the Soul" (1897). He was a member of the G. A. R., serving two terms as commander; was an Elk and was affiliated with the National Press Association and other urgist and geologist, was born in Louisville, Ky., He was married at Adrian, Nov. 6, 1858, son of Andrew Jackson and Frances press organizations. Michigan. letters

:

Mich., Sept. 6, 1865, to Estella Caroline, daughter of Josiah Ward, a native of Heniker, N. H., and She survives him, later a resident of Michigan. with two children: Frederick Ward, now of Los Angeles, Cal., and Edith Ward, now the wife of Ross Le Hunt Mahon. He died at Port Huron, Mich., Feb. 28, 1914. DAY, John C. Mason, railway executive, lumberman, was born at Frozen Creek, Breathitt co., Ky., June 3, 1859, son of William and Phoebe Eleanor (Gibbs) Day, and a descendant of John Day, who came, from Bristol, England, in the latter part of the seventeenth century and settled in Virginia. From John Day the line of descent is traced through his son James and his wife, Susan Wyley

Ann

(Thruston) Ballatd. In 1884 he legally took mother's name, Thruston. He was descended from Bland Ballard, of Spottsylvania county, Va., through the latter 's son Bland, and his son James, who married Susanna Cox and was the grandfather of our subject. Bland Ballard (2) went to Kentucky in Col. Slaughter's battalion in 1779 as sergeant, and was killed in the Indian massacre near Shelbyville in 1788. Andrew Jackson Ballard was a lawyer of Louisville, Ky. The son was Ph.B. at the Sheffield Scientific graduated School, Yale University, in 1880. Two years later he became metallurgist and assistant geologist on the Kentucky Geological Survey, resigning in 1887 to engage in private work. In 1889 he accepted presumably through their grandson John, who a position as superintendent of the Land Bureau fought in the revolutionary war; his son John, of the Kentucky Union Land Co. and in 1895 bewho was also in the revolution and later served came manager of the Big Stone Gap Iron Co. ;

his

(UL r.% . Dr. Pratt died at Elgin, 111., Apr. 13, 1914. JACOBS, Joshua West, soldier, was born at Danville, Ky., June 24, 1843, son of John Adamson and Susan Walker Fry (Powell) Jacobs, and damson) Jacobs. grandson of Joshua and Mary His maternal grandfather was Maj. Robert Powwar, and a ell, a soldier of the revolutionary Alila,

dren:

{

brother of AmbTote Powell, a surveyor, for whom the Powell valley and river in Virginia were named. His father, the first teacher of the deaf, west of the Alleghany mountains, founded the Kentucky School for the Deaf, and for forty-four The son years was principal of that institution. was a sophomore at Centre College in 1861, wdien he enlisted in the federal army as a private in the 4th regiment, Kentucky volunteer infantry, with which he served throughout the civil war, and was commissioned major. After the war he was commissioned second lieutenant, U. S. A., served ten years in Indian campaigns, and as first lieutenant of the 7th infantry was the first white man on the Custer battlefield after the massacre. In 1882 he was appointed captain in the quartermaster 's department, and later became assistant quartermaster general, with rank of colonel, and was stationed at Governors Island. In 1898 he accompanied the 5th army corps to Cuba as chief quartermaster. In 1904 he was retired with the rank of brigadier general, U.

A.

S.

and

>[

A

Six feet and two inches in height, straight as an Indian, he was regarded as a

lithe

noble-looking man. Hunting ami fishing were his favorite pursuits, hi: trophies including scores of buffalo, Rocky mountain sheep, deer and antelope. Be was married at Thomasville, Ga., Mar. 1, lss6, to Grace, daughter of Richard Chute, a She survives capitalist, of Minneapolis, Minn, him, with three children: West, first lieutenant coast artillery \v instructor at West Point; Robert Young, an agriculturist, and Charles William Jacobs, student. Gen. Jacobs died at Los Gatos, Cal., Oct. 13, 1905.

WARNER, Raymond

Yardley, eoal operator, Morrisvillej Bucks CO., Pa., Sept. -.', 1873, son of William Yardley and Jennie T. (RobHe was educated at Eastburn bins) Warner. Academy, Philadelphia, and began his business career in the employ of his uncle, George Warner, a coal operator of Philadelphia. He remained in this connection until April, 1893, when George

was born near

Warner formed

the partnership of Warner, Shusami continued with the new firm until 1898, at which time George W. Edmonds and Raymond Y. Warner purchased the business of Warner, Shuster & Co., operating thereafter under the name of G. W. Edmonds & Co. In 1912 the last mentioned firm disposed of the business to the George B. Newton Coal Co.. the latter being a Mr. merger of eleven separate coal companies. Warner was elected treasurer of the company, which office he still holds (1917). In politics he is a Republican and in religion a He is Baptist. a member of the Manufacturers Club of PhilaMr. Warner was married Oct. 23, 1900, delphia. to Margaret F., daughter of William H. Enburg, of has no children. Sr., Philadelphia, and BABCOCK. Orville Elias. soldier, was born at Franklin, Vt., Dec. 25, 1835, son of Elias and Clara (Olmstead) Babcock. The first of his family in America was James Babcock, who came to this ter

&

Co..

'

country in the early part of the seventeenth cenThe line of tury, settling at Stonington, Conn. descent is traced through his son John, who married Mary Lawton their son James, who married Elizabeth their son James, who married Sarah Vose; their son Isaiah, who married Elizabeth Plumb; their son. Elias, who married Huldah Kinnie, and their son Elias, who was the father of our subject. Orville Elias Babcock was graduated second in his class at West Point in 1861, and w-as subsequently appointed second lieutenant in the regular army. He was promoted first lieutenant in 1861; captain in 1865; major in ;

;

1867,

and colonel

in

1873.

During the

civil

he was aide-de-camp to Gen. Banks in 1861

;

war lieu-

and assistant inspector-general in 1863-64, and lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp to Gen. Grant after March 29, 1864. He received the brevets of captain for gallant and meritorious at services the siege of Yorktown; of major durtenant-colonel

ing the siege of Knoxville, Tenn.; of lieutenantcolonel at the battle of the Wilderness; of colonel, Mar. 13, 1865, and brigadier-general for gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war. As Grant 's aide-de-camp he selected the place and arranged the meeting at Appomattox resulting in the surrender of Gen. Lee, Apr. 9, 1865, and he continued to seA-e as aide-de-camp to the generalin-chief until Grant was inaugurated president, when he became his military private secretary. He was appointed superintending engineer of public buildings and grounds in 1871, and had charge of the construction of the Washington aqueduct, the chain bridge across the Potomac, Anaeosta bridge,

1

7f V d(\juAJ^U^ .

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. wing of the new state, war and navy department buildings, and devised the plans for the improvement of the Washington and Georgetown He was superintendent of public buildharbors. About this time he was acings during 1873-77. cused of complicity in the revenue frauds, and was indicted by the grand jury at St. Louis in 1S76, Gen. Babeock was but at the trial was acquitted. married at Galena, 111., in 1S66, to Miss Annie Eliza, daughter of Benjamin H. Campbell, and had four sons: Campbell Elias, U. S. army; Orville Elias and Adolph Borie, both of Chicago, 111., and Benjamin Campbell Babeock (deceased). He was drowned at Mosquito Inlet, Fla., June 2, 1894, At the "while in the discharge of his duties." time of his death he was chief engineer of the

the east

fifth

and

sixth

at Baltimore.

lighthouse districts

in all human affairs, he found his highest satisfaction in domestic life, and his fidelity to his famHe loved the ily and friends was unfaltering.

Bible and ordered his life by

its precepts. In affriendship, social relations and business life he was a devoted, sincere and inspiring example. He was twice married: (1) Jan. 21, 1S64, tu Clementine S., daughter of Yarnum Tanner of

fection,

Northampton, Mass., and had two sons, Harry V. and Frank E. Brewster, both of whom died just as they were approaching manhood, and whose loss was an irreparable one to Maj. Brewster; a daughter, also by this union, survives, Minnie E., wife of Edmund P. Marsh of Springfield; Mrs. Brewster died in 1905, and he was married (2) Dec. 30, 1905, to Mrs. Mary E. Sprague, daughter of Arand stationed chelaus Leonard of Westhampton, Mass., who sur-

Md.

BREWSTER, Henry Milton, soldier

and manu-

was born at Northampton, Mass., Jan. son of Jonathan and Clarissa (Allen) Brewster and a descendant of Elder William Brewster, of the Plymouth colony, the line being through William Brewster's son Jonathan and his wife Lucretia Oldham; their son Benjamin and his wife Ann Darte; their son Daniel and his wife Hannah Gager; their son Jonathan and his wife Mary Parish; their son Jonathan anil his wife Ziphis wife porah Smith; and their son Jonathan and Lois Marsh, who were the grandparents of Henry M. Brewster. Henry M. Brewster received a public school education in Brooklyn, N. Y., He enlisted in the civil war, 57th New York volunteers, becoming sergeant-major, and was wounded at In 1863 he was transferred to Fredericksburg.

facturer, 21,

339

1841,

the Veteran Reserve corps as second lieutenant of company I from September, 1862, to December, of that com1S63, when he became first lieutenant pany and later captain. He was brevetted major in January, 1865, then served as adjutant of the 10th regiment, and thereafter as captain and as assistant adjutant general of the garrison at Washat ington under Gen. Auger. He was in command the time of the assassination of Lincoln when Washington was under martial law, and had practiAfter his surveillance. cally the entire city under the war he entered the employ of the Haydenville Brass Works in Haydenville, Mass., as bookkeeper, and subsequently became manager. In 1878 he transferred his services to the E. Stebbins Manuof facturing Co., makers of plumbers' brass goods, and treasurer Springfield, and became president In 1907 he disposed and principal stockholder. of his interests in the Stebbins company, and until his death was connected with the Equitable Life [nsurance Co. He was a member of the Legion of Honor, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Grand Army of the Republic, the Masonic order, and the Winthrop Club of Springfield, also various other societies and associations of a social, In 1885 he nature. or fraternal historical was a member of the Springfield board of alderHe beIn politics he was a Republican. men. longed to the Baptist church, serving for many years as Sunday-school superintendent and deacon of his church, in Springfield. Maj. Brewster numbered among his friends the prominent business men and noted citizens of his community, and his innate courtesy, generosity and charity toward those who were unjust to him stamped him as a gentleman in the loftiest signification of the term. He was fond of books, possessed a line library, ami enjoyed all athletic sports, in which, however, he could not participate after he was wounded in the With a deep and sympathetic interest civil war.

vives him. 10, 1915.

He

died

in

Mass., Jan.

Springfield,

SIBLEY, Preston B., contractor and builder, was born at Eastford, Windham co., Conn., June 25, 1S-10, son of Samuel and Rhoda (Preston) SibIn 1*27 his father removed to Eastford, ley. then a part of Ashford, and the son attended the He manpublic schools until he was seventeen. aged the home farm for ten years, during which time he learned the trade of carpenter, and subsequently, for ten years, was a contractor and builder. Always interested in civic and municipal affairs, he began his public career in 1869 as deputy sheriff. Later he became a selectman of Eastford, and during 1873-74 represented his natown in the Connecticut legislature. In 1S81 he was appointed warden of the Windham county jail, at Brooklyn, Conn., and held the position for fourteen years. In 1895 he became deputy state tive

factory inspector and in 1898 county sheriff, being Since 1895 thrice re-elected to the last position. he resided at Danielson, where he likewise took an enthusiastic interest in all matters pertaining to the public welfare. He was director of the Windham County Savings Bank, president of the Brooklyn Creamery Co., the Windham County Fire Insurance Co., and the Windham County Agricultural Society.

He was

likewise prominent in

both the local and state granges, being master of the former, and an executive officer of the latter. Fraternally he was a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the P. of H. He was a member of the Westfield Congregational Church, and as a member of its prudential committee it was to him the people turned for counsel and leadership, or on special occasions when a fitting spokesman was required. The sanity of his judgment was matched by his rare kindness of heart, and his loyalty was an inspiration to all. Refined in speech, pure in thought, gentle in spirit, modest and sincere, winsome and sympathetic, he was a rare type of Christian gentleman. He was married at Chaplin, Conn., Jan. 2, 1862, to Kate B., daughter of Samuel Wesley Noble, of Springfield, Mass. She survives him, with three children: Lewis Preston, Frederick S. and Mary Maria, wife of Prof. Herlie died at Danielson, Conn., Jan. 5, bert Loomis. 1914.

Portrait opposite page -".4(1. realty broker, was born at Wolfeboro, N. H., July 26, 1839, sou of Thomas Rust. He was and Phebe Clarke (Piper)

RUST, George Henry,

descended

from

Hingham,

Norfolk

Henry co.,

Bust,

who

England,

in

came L633,

from and

at Hingham, Mass., the line of descent being traced through his sun Nathaniel and his wife, Mary Wardell; their son Nathaniel and his wife, Joanna Kinsman; their son, Rev. Henry, settled

and

his wife,

Ann Waldron;

their son, Col.

Henry,

THE NATIONAL

340 and and

his wife, Ann Harvey, and their son Richard his wife, Susannah Connor, who were the

grandparents of George Henry Eust. His father at Wolfeboro, county judge of

was postmaster

Carroll county, justice of the peace, and secretary, treasurer and trustee of the Wolfeboro and

Tuftonborough Academy.

The son was educated

at Thetford Academy and at the Kentucky Military Institute. He began his business career as a clerk in the Minneapolis (Minn.) postoffice in 1S57. He served as clerk in the subsistence department of the United States army in the expedition against the Indians on the upper Missouri riyer during 1S63-65, and then formed a partnerC. ship in the real estate business with S Gale, under the firm name of Gale & Co., with which he remained until his death. The firm is one of the oldest in Minneapolis. Mr. Rust was .

vice-president of the Minneapolis Bank of Commerce, and for years was a trustee of Carleton College and of the Chicago Theological Seminary. He was continuously active in church and mission work, and was a corporate member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. As a member of the layman 's commission for visiting the missions of the Orient, he traveled extensively throughout Japan, China and India in 1907, visiting various missions of the American board. He was an ardent and enthusiastic worker for foreign missions and did much throughout MinneHis dominating sota to further interest in them. personal characteristics were his conscientious integrity, his genial kindliness and his bountiful The sanity of his judgment was generosity. matched by the rare kindness of his heart, and his loyalty in mission work was an inspiration to others thus engaged and kindled a similar spirit

in the people. Refined in speech, pure in thought, gentle in spirit, sensitive about inflicting pain, modest and sincere, winsome and sympathetic, he was the rarest type of Christian gentleman such a community as Minneapolis ever knew. He was married in Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 21, 1865, to

Josephine, daughter of Ira Varney, of Barnstead, N. H., and had one child, Gertrude, wife, of John M. Tirrell. He died in Minneapolis, Minn., June 15, 1908.

HARTENBOWER.

Jeremiah

J.,

pioneer, was 3, 1843,

born near Hennepin, Putnam co., 111., July son of Jeremiah and Maria Hartenbower.

He

re-

ceived his education at the schools in Hennepin and Chicago and began his business career in the

former town. Early in life he became a pioneer in northwestern Iowa, where his energy, shrewdness and fine business tact found a fertile field for their exercise and contributed materially to the He became very development of the country. prominent in the Democratic party in his adopted

member of the electoral college Cleveland president and served as mayor of Des Moines, being the only Democrat His elected to that position in many years. administration," said a writer ''was characterized by business sagacity, fairness and sympathy for the people, among whom he was affectionately known as 'Uncle Jerry'." Later he moved to Kansas, where he had important interests in and near Wichita. In 1908 he settled in Los Angeles and became prominent in the business and public His death, according to the writer life of the city. already quoted, "removed from the community one of its distinguished citizens, a man of charstate, served as a

that

made

'

'

and strict integrity. Mr. Hartenbower was a typical American in his career and activities. Starting in life as a farmer lad with a sound mind

acter

CY( 'I.OI'JEDIA

and a vigorous body as

his sole equipment, he succeeded in building op a substantial fortune by honorable and entirely legitimate methods lie was most appreciated where he was beat .

.

.

known

in his family, among his friends and neighbors and in his church the First Congregational of Los Angeles. In his last days he gave Mr. Hartenexpression to his abiding faith." bower was married at Hennepin, 111., Apr. 27, 1870, to Cynthia, daughter of Williamson Durley. He died in Los Angeles, Cal., June 9, 1914.

BURCH, William

Arthur, merchant, was born Warwick, Canada, Oct. 6, 1864, son of Oliver Edson and Sarah Jane (Wright) Burch. He was descended from Thomas Burch, who came from England and settled at Dorchester, Mass., about at

1637, through his son Jeremiah, who secured a grant of land near Stonington, Conn., about 1670; bis grandson Jonathan, who, with others, secured a grant of land on the west side of the Connecticut river and founded Hartford, Vt.; his son Jonathan, who was a soldier in the revolutionary war; his son Jonathan, who married Sally Hosford; his son Powell G., who served in the war of 1812, married Lovina Yale Palmer, and was the grandfather of the subject of this His father was a Methodist minister in sketch. Canada and Illinois. The son, was graduated at Jennings Seminary, in Aurora, 111., in 1885, and at Northwestern University (Ph.B.) in 1890, with honors in history and English literature, and winner of the commencement prize in oratory. Entering the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he served in that connection for sixteen years in Illinois and Minnesota, his last charge being South Park Avenue, Chicago, 111. He was compelled to retire from the ministry in 1902 because of serious trouble with his eyes. During 1900-02 he was financial secretary of Northwestern University. Subsequently he entered the insurance business and was successively solicitor of the New York Life Insurance Co. in Chicago field superintendent of the Columbian National Life Insurance Co., of Boston; representative of the Mutual Benefit Insurance Co. of New Jersey, and Illinois manager for the Northwestern National Life Insurance Co. of Minneapolis. He was vice-president of the Methodists' Church Supply Co., but for several years has been dealer Mr. in land and timber with offices in Chicago. Burch is a trustee of the Alumni Association of Northwestern University member of the executive committee of the Methodist Social Union; was a member of the Chicago committee of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1900 member of the Dewey reception committee, and of the committee of one hundred for the Lincoln centenary celebration of the state of Illinois. He is a lecturer and also a contributor to the religious press. He is a Republican and is a member of the Hamilton Club of Chicago and of the Evanston Golf and Westmoreland Country clubs of Evanston, 111.; he is also a member of the Delta Upsilon college fraternity, in which he His has held various positions of prominence. favorite pursuits are golf, hunting and fishing. Mr. Burch was married Sept. 15, 1892, to Dora M., daughter of Halsey Bovee, of Chicago, and has one child, Arthur Courtenay Burch, a senior in Northwestern University, who was one of six college men appointed by the government, through the bureau of education to represent the schools of higher learning of the United States at the Fourth Students' International Congress, held at Santiago, Chile, in September, 1914. ;

;

;

MM

OF

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

BUCKNER, Simon tieth governor of

Bolivar, soldier and thir- having declined an Kentucky (1887-91), was born Pres. Lincoln. In

Hart county, Ky., Apr. 1, 1823, son of Aylette H. and Elizabeth A. (Morehead) Buckner. His

in

341 offer of the same rank from his first campaign he made a

reputation for military

skill

and conduct.

Fort Donelson was surrounded by Grant

's

When

army he

was third

paternal American ancestor, a native of anil mayor of Oxford, emigrated in 1635 and settled in Virginia, his descendants taking up grants in Gloucester, Caroline, Essex and York The original settler brought into the counties. colony the first printing press and printery, for which he suffered a heavy fine and imprisonment by order of Gov. Berkeley, who had previously declared against both newspapers and public

in command. Gens. Floyd and Pillow, his superior officers, were unable to cope with the situation, but they did not heed Gen. Buckner 's advice, and the series of errors which followed made the fall of the fort inevitable. Gen. Floyd and Gen. Pillow escaped down the river by boat, leaving the army to its fate. Feeling in Kentucky

His maternal grandfather was Turner H. Morehead, a soldier of the war of the revolution; a ejjusin of James T. Morehead, governor of Kentucky during 1834-36, and a relative of Charles S. Morehead, governor of Kentucky during

superior officers, but he endeared himself to Kentuckians by the higli resolve, expressed in words which have become historic For my part, I will stay with the men and share their fate." He made the best terms of surrender he could for them, his request to Grant for terms and Grant 's reply having become classics. He won the respect of the Federal officers, and the high esteem of

earliest

England,

schools.

Near the close of the eighteenth century who was a colonel in the war of 1812, moved from Virginia and located in the Green 1855-59.

his father,

River country of Kentucky.

In 1820 he purchased

farm and built the log house which is still the Buckner residence; stands intact, and has all the comforts of a city mansion and surroundings that no city mansion can have. Col. Buckner was an ironmaster and had an iron furnace in the Lily There was born and reared he who was Glen. destined to become the first citizen of Kentucky. He attended the Kentucky schools at intervals, and, having at an early age evinced an inclination for military life, an appointment was secured for him to West Point Military Academy, at which he was graduated in 1844. He was commissioned the

second lieutenant in the Sixth infantry, served one year on garrison duty at Sacketts Harbor, was called to West Point as assistant professor of ethics, and upon being relieved at his own request entered into active service in Mexico, serving first under Gen. Taylor, also being with Gen. Scott in all the fighting from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico. He was promoted to first lieutenant for he gallant conduct in action at Cherubusco, where was wounded, and was made captain for brave services at Molino del Rev. Among the first to enter the Mexican capital, he was among the last While stato leave when peace was declared. tioned there, after the capitulation, he climbed to the crater of Mount Popocatpetl, the first forOther officers eigner ever to make the ascent. who started with him turned back, fearing the snows, the whirlwinds of ashes and the excessive A detailed description of this perilous trip cold. was afterward written by him and was printed He was in "Putnam's Magazine" (April, 1853). again assigned to West Point, this time as instructor in military tactics, and later participated He resigned from in several Indian campaigns. the army in 1855 and returned to Kentucky and engaged himself entirely in business pursuits. For a brief period, however, he resided in Chicago and Nashville, but finally settled in Louisville in 1858. During 1859-60 he was inspector and commander-in-chief of the Kentucky national guard, and in that period thoroughly organized the state militia.

When

civil

war threatened Gov. Magoffin

to Washington to confer with the authorities as to the policy likely to be followed with reference -to the border states, and if possible to

sent

him

obtain assurances that the state 's neutrality would This proving futile, he resigned, be observed. holding that the imminence of war made it improper for a man committed to one side to retain the position. He therefore offered his services to Pres. Davis and was appointed brigadier-general,

was high against Gen. Buckner on the part of the Federal adherents, and he was urged to go after his

' '

:

Grant, resulting in a lifelong friendship. He was years afterward one of Gen. Grant 's pallbearers. After a year in prison in Boston he was exchanged and rejoined the army, being immediately promoted to major-general. He was in the battle of Perryville, the defense of Mobile, in charge of the department of east Tennessee, and later in absolute command in Louisiana. After this he was made lieutenant-general and placed in command of a full army corps in Bragg 's army. He commanded with signal capacity a wing of the army at Chickamauga, and at the time the war closed was again in command in Louisiana. After a short residence in New Orleans he returned to Kentucky, where he served as governor (1887-91), and in the latter year was a member of the Kentucky state constitutional convention. In 1896 he was nominated for vice-president on the "sound money ticket headed by Gen. Palmer. Yielding to the pressure of friends he became a candidate for United States senator in 1895, but stated in an open letter that he wished every one to know that he was against free silver. In the latter years of his life he was an independent in politics. In his death passed the last lieutenant-general of the Confederacy. Beloved for his great-heartedness, honored for his integrity, revered for his service to his country, his memory will live through He lived a plain life, like generations to come. the thoroughbred Kentucky gentleman and high His type of Southern manhood he personified. manners were unusually polished and courtly, and a celebrated English visitor hail likened him in dignity and geniality to the famous Dr. Jowett, of Oxford. He entertained a quaint and beautiful sentiment for his choice library, and spent many happy moments in the ample companionship of his books. He read much and kept in touch with public events, and his mind was fresh and strong to the last. He was a fluent and convincing speaker, a forceful writer and a poet of no moan rank. Simple as a child, brave and courtly as a knight of old, he would have ranked high in any position to which he might have been called. Yet such was his modesty that he would never write his memoirs, which would have made an interesting narrative. To the last he dispensed hospitality to the thousands who made a pilgrimage to his doors. He was strong, chivalrous and generous, yet it was the stanch, true character of the man As governor an that commanded approbation. unusual attempt was made to enlist his sympathies in favor of a criminal, but he indorsed the petition as follows: "The sympathies and the duty of '

'

THE

342

NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA

the governor are with the people whose laws he is compelled to execute." Upon another n-t it ion he wrote: "Clemency to him would be a wrong to He was married (1) at the whole community." Blackhall, Conn., in May, L850, to Mary, daughter of Maj. Julian Kingsbury, U.S.A.; she died in 1869, leaving one child, Lily, who became the wife of Morris B. Belknap, of Louisville. Mrs. Belknap died in 1893, leaving four children: Walter, GerGen. Buckner was martrude, Lilv and Morris. j

Richmond, Va., June 10, 1885, to Delia, daughter of Col. John H. Claiborne, of Richmond, Ya., and granddaughter of Col. George W. and Betty (Lewis) Bassett, the latter a greatShe is deniece of Gen. George Washington. scended on one side from Gen. Fielding and She survives him, Bettie (Washington) Lewis. with one son, Simon Bolivar, Jr., who entered the West Point Military Academy in 1904 on an appointment secured through Theodore Roosevelt. He died in Hart county, Ky., Jan. 8, 1914. RINDGE, Frederick Hastings, financier, was born at Cambridge, Mass., Dec. 21, 1857, son of Samuel Baker and Clarissa (Harrington) Rindge. His first paternal American ancestor was Daniel Rindge, who came to this country from England in 163S and settled at Roxbury, Mass., whence he ried

(2) 'in

moved in the following year to Ipswich. An ancestor of the same name was a soldier in the war of 1812. Samuel Baker Rindge was a successful

manufacturer and banker in Cambridge and Bosand bequeathed a large fortune to his son. The latter was prepared for college in Cambridge and Boston private schools and under tutors, and was graduated at Harvard University in 1879. ton,

For a number of years thereafter he traveled in Europe, America and the Sandwich Islands. After Finally he settled in Los Angeles, Cal. leaving Massachusetts he became active in numerous educational and philanthropic movements, and gave generously of his means for the promotion of many worthy objects. In Cambridge he built and presented to the city the public library and the city hall, and he gave the Children's Island Sani-

Co..

now

and and

also

Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co., president of the Artesian Water Co. various other corporations of Los Angeles, His religious labors made Frederick II. Rindge very well known throughout the United States. An earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal church, he was prominent in the sessions of the general conferences which were held in Los Angeles, and was a leader of the laymen's evangelistic move-

ment,

the

which

had

important

effects.

He

was

actively interested in the foundation of Sunday schools on the frontier and in remote places, ami also erected several churches, including the First

Methodist Episcopal Church of Santa Monica. His temperance movement was such that when Santa Monica abolished the saloons he agreed to pay out of his own pocket any deficit which might be caused in the city treasury from the lack of saloon license money. Mr. Rindge pubzeal for the

number of works of meditation. a student of Pacific coast archaeology, and his collection of aboriginal fine arts exhibited at the Peabody Museum of Harvard College was of decided educational and historical value. He also made a numismatical collection which he loaned to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. He was president of the Young Men's Christian Association of California, and a member of the Archaeological Society of America, the New England Historical and Genealogical Society and the SoMr. Rindge was married cietv of Colonial Wars. at Trenton, Mich, May 17, lsS7, to Rhoda May. daughter of James M. Knight, of that place, and had three children: Samuel, Frederick ami Rhoda Rindge. He died at Yreka, Siskiyou co., Cal., Aug. lished privately a

He was

29,

1905.

REISINGER, Hugo,

merchant, was born at Wiesbaden, Germany, Jan. 29, 1856, son of Franz Reisinger, Ph.D., the proprietor and editor of the Mittelrheinische Zeitung, and a man of profound knowledge. The son received a thorough education and immediately after graduating at the Royal Gymnasium at Wiesbaden he went to reside in England for a year for the purpose of learning the English language. In 1876 he began his commercial career at Frankfort-on-Main, and, '

'

'

'

tarium, opposite Marblehead, Mass., with all its buildings to children recovering from illness and He also erected the Rindge three years later, in 1879, he became identified with in need of fresh air. Manual Training School, which was conducted for an importing business in a managerial capacity. ten years at his expense, after which it was turned In the following year he took the middle Germany over to the city of Cambridge. This was the first agency, with headquarters at Berlin, for the Siemanual training school in Massachusetts and the mens Glass Works of Dresden. In the interests 1882 and progenitor of the system of such schools, which is of that business he visited America in now a feature of education throughout the United again in 1S83, and so successful was he in introStates. As a result of its establishment, the Mass- ducing their goods here that in the following year achusetts state legislature passed a law making (1884) the firm, much against his wishes, percompulsory the establishment of similar schools in suaded him to represent it permanently in the He secured such a large business In the United States. all cities with a population of over 20,000. California Frederick H. Rindge was identified as agent for the Siemens Glass Works in New Y'ork with a number of large, business enterprises and that in a few years he had accumulated sufficient had a large amount of real property both in and capital to extend his business in other lines, and He owned the at the time of his death he ranked as one of the outside the city of Los Angeles. Rindge Block, at the corner of Third street and largest importers and exporters of general merBroadway, and was- especially responsible for the chandise in America. Although one of the fore erection of the Conservative Life Building at Third most German-American merchants, Mr. Reisinger and Hill streets. He also owned the magnificent was even better known as an enthusiastic and disMalibu Ranch near Santa Monica. As president criminating art collector and art connoisseur. He of the Middle River Navigation and Canal Co., had a private art collection of modern paintings, now known as the Rindge Land and Navigation which is one of the finest private collections in His American canvases include Co., he was responsible for the reclamation of the United States. about 25,000 acres of valuable peat and tule lands those of Browne, Bellows, Childe Hassam, Chase, near Stockton, and as president of the Maelay Dougherty, Dewing, Dearth, Hitchcock, Lawsou, Rancho Water Co. he was instrumental in opening Metcalf, 'Melchers, Murphy, Redfield, Schofield, up for settlement about 2,000 acres in the San Sargent, Winslow Homer, Weir and McNeill WhistFernando Yalley. He was the principal organizer ler. German art is represented by Boecklin, Haberand president of the Conservative Life Insurance mann, Hofmann, Kampf, Liebl, Lenbaeh, Lieber-

OF AMERICAN BIOGKArHY. maim, Menzel, Putz, Schuch, Slevogt, Thaulow, Thoma, Truebner, Uhde, Zuegal, Sehoenleber and Schramm-Zittau; and among his French examples are those of Boudin, Blanche, Besnard, Cazin, Courbet, Corot, Dupre, Degas, Mauve, Manet, Monet, Menard, Fissaro, Renoir, Raffaellie, FautinLatour, Harpignies, Isabey, L'Hermitte, Lepine, La Touche and Maris; other artists represented are Israels, Jongkind, Mesdaag, Mastenbroek, Van Mr. Essen, Sorolla, Zorn, Liljefors and Lund. Reisinger was instrumental in bringing about the exhibition of German contemporary art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, in 1908, and in recognition of his services was appointed by the trustees an honorary fellow of the museum for life. In 1910 he exhibited a collection of some 200 American paintings and a few etchings at the Prussian Royal Academy in Berlin, under the official auspices of the Prussian government and with the approval of Emperor William. The exhibition

was subsequently shown

in

Munich.

His

object at this time was to prove to German artists and art lovers that the modern American school of painting is the peer of any of its European contemporaries. Most of the pictures were from his own collection, and to them were added a number from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, ten from the Pennsylvania Art Society, and a life-size portrait of Theodore Roosevelt by Gari Melchers, of In 1904 he was an honorary comDetroit, Mich. missioner to Europe for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and in 1914 he was honorary commissioner to the Anglo-American Exposition, held in London, in charge of the American art section. While always interested in furthering the interests of American art in this country he also did much for the advancement of art in Germany. He arranged the exhibit of German art for the German government at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York at the Copley Society of Boston, and the Art Institute of Chicago, thus inaugurating an art exchange programme between the two countries similar to the plan of exchanging university professors among the leading universities of It was partly through his efforts each country. that the Deutsche Museum committee of Munich was enabled to visit the United States and study American museum methods, with the object of applying improvements to the Munich Museum. Mr. Reisinger was also actively interested in the publication of German classics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, for the purpose of making German literature better known in the United States, which he hoped would also result in creating a better understanding between these two In 1914 he was elected president of the nations. Germanic Museum at Harvard University, succeeding his father-in-law, the late Adolphus Busch. He was decorated by Emperor William II of Germany with the officer's and subsequently the commander's cross of the order of the Prussian Crown, and by Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria with the commander's cross of the order of St. Michael. Columbia University conferred upon him the de gree of A.M. in 1912. He was a member of the Lotos Club, the National Arts Club, the German Club, the Railroad Club, the Machinery Club, the Automobile Club of America, the Garden City Golf Club, the Englewood Country Club, and the ImMr. perial Automobile Club of Berlin. Germany. ;

Reisinger was married Feb. 10, 1890, to Edmee, daughter of Adolphus Busch, of St. Louis, Mo., and had two sons: Curt H. and Walter F. ReiHe died at Langenschwalbach, near Wiessinger. baden, Germany, Sept. 27, 1914.

343

HUFF, Perez Fridenberg, insurance expert, was born in Jacksonville, Fla., July 10, 1873, son His of Jacob and Amelia (Fridenberg) Huff. father, a native of Germany, came, to the United States in 1855, going first to Memphis, Tenn., and then to Jacksonville, Fla., where he was engaged in the general merchandise business until his death in The son was educated in the public and 1912. high schools of Jacksonville, and began his business career as stenographer for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co., and three years later became

In 1S93 he was appointed superinspecial agent. tendent of agencies, and in the following year general agent for Florida for the Home Life Insurance Co. of New York, which position he held for three years, when he was made general agent for

Florida for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of New York. In 1899 Mr. Huff removed to New York city and became a member of the insurance brokerage firm of Hamlin & Co. He was also identified with the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. of Milwaukee for seven years (1900-07). In 1901 he was admitted as a partner in the firm of L. Wachenheim & Son, the name of which was later changed to Wachenheim & Huff. This firm,

which was founded in 1866, was incorporated in January, 1914, and Mr. Huff was made president, assuming full control, the other officers being Robert Wachenheim, treasurer; William McKenna, secretary; E. Henderson, assistant treasurer. Mr. Huff also became associated with the Union Central Life Insurance Co. of Cincinnati, O., in 1907; was made agency director five years later, and in the following year associate manager of the company for Greater New York. Mr. Huff is recognized as one of the most successful men in the life insurance business and one of the largest personal writers of insurance in the country. He received a medal from the Union Central Life Insurance Co. in recognition of writing the largest amount of insurance personally in the history of the

company

since

it

was founded

in 1S67.

He

has made a special study of insurance law, and is an authority on that subject in both life and fire insurance. Mr. Huff is a member of the Life Underwriters' Association, of which he was treasurer in 1912, and later first vice-president, and is now a member of the executive committee. He has been a conspicuous figure at insurance banquets and conventions, and stands very high in the inner councils of the Union Central Life Insurance Co., having accomplished special official work for the comHe was married Feb. 17, 1898, to Olga, pany. daughter of Louis Biihler. Portrait opposite page .".44.

Louise, physician and surgeon, N. Y., in 1S59, daughter Ber of Oliver Todd and Amelia (Wilkes) Lines.

LINES, Mary

was born

in Brooklyn,

American ancestor was Ralph from Dantry, Northampton shire, England, in 1642, and settled at. New Prom him the line of descent is Liven, Conn. traced through his son Ralph,' who married Aiah Bassett; their son Benjamin and his wife, Dorcas Thomas; their sun Joseph and his wife, Phoebe Baldwin; and their son Daniel and his wife, Hair Todd, who were the grandparents of Mary Louise Lines. Bishop Edwin Lines and other earliest

Lines,

paternal

who

came

I

1

1

.-

1

i i

celebrated clergymen and professional men are of the same family. Ser great-grandfather, Joseph Lines, served in Col. Huntington's regiment durOn the maternal ing the war nf the revolution. side she is descended from the famous Wilkes family, of Buckinghamshire, England. Her mother, the first woman in the medical profession in

TIIK

::4i

NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA

Brooklyn, was associated in practice with her hns band, likewise a physician, for fii'iy years, and during forty years of that time resided on Washington avenue. Throughout the half century of their prac tice both were famed for their benevolence and deHer father, a native of New votion to the poor. Eussell onn., was associated with Dr. Milford, Trail in establishing the Hydrotherapeutic College in Laight street, New York city, teaching '


.\

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. and the Now York State Medical He was also a member of Valley \ M To a firm foundation of ,!,,,, p ln of righteousness there were added in the character Dr Taplin qualities that indicated the great physician and he was the loyal, kindly, generous, Mrst friend of all who came within his inHe was married Dee. 30, 1903, to Nettie, rluence .laughter of Asa Douglass Vorce of Copenhagen, N. Y. who survived him with two children George He died in Rochester, Vorce and Ruth Taplin. Society Association

cal

'

.

,i

]

!, i,

:

N Y Sept. 9 SAWYER,

'

1913.

Mrs. Antonia (Savage), singer and manager, was born at Waterville, Me., Apr. 26 1*03, daughter of Asher and Adaline (Chase) Savage and granddaughter of DeForest Savage, a son of -Jacob Savage", whose first American ancestor Jacob Savagjs; came to America from Dublin Ireland and settled in Athens, Me, Inheriting a marked 'musical talent, from her mother, who was a singer of note, she pursued the study of music in ^Boston under Charles R. Adams and Warren Davenport. In 1882 she was married to

Henry Hubbard Sawyer, of Boston, but continued her education for a musical career. Making New York city her home in 1890, she sang at the old First Presbyterian church for twelve years and at the Jewish Temple for eight years. She visited Europe four times, studying in London, Paris and In London she sang with George HenBerlin. and Randegar, and in schel, Sir Joseph Barnby, In 1894 she Paris with Anne De La Grange. made a tour through the United States with Anton Seidl from whom she acquired a comprehensive knowledge of the Wagner arias. Mrs. Sawyer has a remarkable alto voice, more individual in some

421

to support the Union army, which, however, It is said of him did not prove to be necessary. that all his leisure on this journey was spent the study of his law books, but whether true or not it typified the common knowledge of his great devotion to legal study, of which succeeding years His industry furnished far greater illustration. field

m

was accompanied by a striking simplicity and singleness of mind which evinced a profoundly direct instinct for the point or principle at issue,

and a consequent impatience with what was not He was interested in vital issues and pertinent. of possessed a never-failing memory for the law It was soon discovered by leading corporations. corporations that his antecedent advice was quite as valuable as his defensive ability after trouble arose, so that he began to be retained as counsel quite as much in the former line as the latter. It became proverbial among financiers that John G. Johnson 's opinion was tantamount to a judicial decision. Corporations and individuals, too, began to observe that a peculiarly personal standard of his practice and a very ethics of compensation, for a small case which interested him had right of way over the greatest brought to him by the most powerful

democracy characterized fine kind" of

corporations and financiers, if it came first, and his standards of compensation were so personal and just that they often astonished the powerful by their modesty, as well as the poor client by Indeed it was said that he was their generosity. "both the highest priced and the lowest priced Among the notable cases lawyer in the land." with which he was identified were the Central Transportation Co. vs. Pullman Palace Car Co., involving a lease of its cars by the former to the songs than any other of America's great artists, latter; the Oleomargarine cases, involving the In 1909 she established herself in New York as a validity of state laws as to coloring marketable manager of professional musicians, such as Kath- products; the Interstate Commerce Commission vs. hen Parlow, Canada 's noted violinist, who toured the Lehigh Valley Railroad, involving a question America in 1911 Katherine Goodson, pianist, and of freight rates; the anti-trust cases of the United Julia Culp, the Lieder singer of Holland, who first States vs. the Reading Co.; the Coal Trust cases; the Northern Securities dissolution suit and its visited America in 191.".. JOHNSON, John Graver, lawyer, was born in consequent suit of Harriman vs. the Northern Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., Apr. 4, 1841, Securities Co.; the Commodities Clause case under son of John and Elizabeth (Graver) Johnson, the Hepburn act; the Full Crew law, the EightHis father, a blacksmith, died during the boy's Hour law; the American Tobacco Co. cases; the childhood, and his mother took up millinery to Standard Oil Co. cases, and the case of Virginia the share of the support herself and family. The boy was a stu- vs. West Virginia, involving dent of unusual power and industry and used to latter in the former's pre-civil war debt. One of amuse himself by committing to memory whole his greatest triumphs as a vindication of his peradvice and judgment was in the case of the plays of Shakespeare as an exercise. Upon gradu- sonal ating at the city high school in 1858, he entered Pennsylvania Railroad Co. vs. the Western Union the law offices of Benjamin and Murray Rush in Telegraph Co., where the United States supreme Philadelphia in the capacity of what was then court finally sustained, under the terms of the called a scriven, whose legal study was accom- lease, the removal in a single night, without notice, numerous copies of the poles of the telegraph company from the panied by the work of making He was counsel for the of legal papers in longhand. While an office stu- railroad's right of way. dent he was an active member of the Law Acad- Amalgamated Copper Co., the Pennsylvania Railemv and attended the lectures at the law depart- road Co., the New York Central Railroad Co., the mint of the University of Pennsylvania, where he U. S. Steel Corporation, the American Distilleries was graduated in 1863. He began his legal prac- Co., the National Hardware Association, and scores One of his last imtice in association with William F. Judson, and of other like organizations. upon the latter 's death succeeded him as counsel portarit cases was the argument for the railroads for the Pennsylvania Co. for Insurance on Lives against the constitutionality of the Adamson eight and Granting Annuities, a corporation having busi- hour law before the U. S. supreme court in L916. ness connections in every part of the United States. During the last fifteen years of his life Mr. JohnThe field of corporation law soon attracted him, son stood pre-eminently at the head of the bar of and he showed therein such peculiarly marked the nation. In answer to a direct question whom the greatest lawyer in America, Mr. ability that within ten years a distinguished jurist he regarded T S. supreme court replied: of Philadelphia said that the young man had no Justice Brown of the I ourselves we call Mr. Johnson superior at that bar. Shortly after his admission, "Speaking among of the American Bar.'" Said Hon. Pennsylvania was threatened by the Confederate 'The King army at Gettysburg, and, joining a company of Hampson t'arson in "The Legal Intelligencer]': volunteer artillery, young Johnson went to the "Judges attended to his utterances as did Themis;

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

422

toeles to the Oracle. The problems submitted to his judgment were so stupendous and the interests involve. were 60 vast that he carried a weight 1

professional responsibility never before placed He never swayed beneath upon a single man. the burden and never paused for breath. His veret'

satility

was astonishing, and

his concentration

was

like the coil of the python. There was no black art resorted to, no artifice, no deception, no relaxing His word was a covenant. His conof principle. duct was a code of ethics." He possessed such a phenomenal memory that many years afterwards he could recall the details of a case that he had once mastered. His knowledge of men was extraordinary, and his judgment of character was

His peculiar strength as a lawyer was grasp of every situation presented to him and his intuitive understanding of the strength er weakness of his clients' cases and of what confronted him on the other side. His chief characteristics were thorough preparation of his cases; the presentation of his clients' cause always concisely but never obscurely; his accuracy in the statement of facts, and his clear and forceful exposition of the law applicable to them. So careful was he in the study of the facts of a case, and so accurate in the statement of those facts, that it was always dangerous for an opponent to diallenge his assertions, and judges in all courts, high and low, learned to trust him implicitly. It is related that on one occasion in an argument before the state supreme court his opponent denied some of his assertions, to wdiich Mr. Johnson's only retort was: "The Court knows us both." As a result of his wide relations to great clients, Mr. Johnson declined Pres. Garfield 's call to the supreme bench of the United States and also Pres. Cleveland's tender to him to succeed Justice Bradley on the same high tribunal, as well as the request of Pres. McKinley that he accept the post of attorneygeneral. His legal work absorbed his whole life to a degree scarcely equaled by most distinguished men, but he had one relaxation, and that was the enjoyment of great paintings, a collection of which he spent forty years and nearly $3,000,000 in the Unlike many Americans who purchase making. valuable works of art, he bought purely for his own pleasure not for purposes of exhibition, but as his constant companions. No other American collection had at once so wide a range and so even a level of quality. It became so famous in the art world that for years a steady stream of art instinctive. his instant

critics, art collectors and his Philadelphia home to

museum

officials visited

sioher of Fairanount Park, Philadelphia. The de gree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the University of Pennsylvania and by Princeton UnlHe was a member of the Amerversity in 1915. ican Bar Association and the Rittenhouse and

He was married about 1900, Philadelphia clubs. daughter of John Hare Powel, and widow of Edward Morrell of Philadelphia, Pa., and died without issue in Philadelphia, Pa., Apr.

to Ida,

14,

1917.

SAGE, Margaret thropist, was bom in

Olivia

(Slocum),

philan-

Syracuse, N. Y., Sept. 8, L828, daughter of Joseph and Margaret Pierson Her family traces descent (Jermain) Slocum. from Anthony Slocum, one of the forty-six "first and ancient purchasers" of Cohannet in 1637 which was incorporated two years later as TaunHe served his town as surton, New Plymouth. veyor of highways and in other capacities, and gave his name to Slocum 's river, originally the Pascamawset. From him the line runs through his son, Giles, anil his wife, Joan their son, Peleg, and his wife, Mary Holder; their son, Joseph, and his wife, Susanna Wanton; their son, John, and his wife, Hanna Brown; their son, William Brown, and his wife, Olivia Josselyn, and their son, Joseph, who was Mrs. Sage's father, The latter was employed by the Russian government to establish schools of agriculture throughout the empire and to import into Russia the latest improvements in American agricultural machinery, ;

Margaret Olivia Slocum was educated in private schools of Syracuse and was graduated at Troy Seminary in 1847. A year later, when financial reverses overtook the family, she resolved to take

upon herself the responsibility of her own supShe secured a position as teacher in Philaport. delphia, but after two years she was forced to Her position as resign through impaired health. the wife of Russell Sage naturally entailed obligations and responsibilities of no ordinary kind, and she realized them with a fine judgment, dignity and generosity which soon made her a noted and admired figure in New York society. She showed the same qualities in her philanthropic conneetions, which were numerous and prominent. The

Women's Christian Union, the Woman's Hospital, the Woman's Exchange, Home and Foreign Missions, and many other charitable organizations owe much to her financial assistance as well as to her executive ability. She was the first president of the Emma Willard Association and was long a member of the board of trustees of the Emma

and Sir Claude Willard School, formerly Troy Seminary. Her Phillips characterized it as "one of which any gift of $1,000,000 to the school, made after her European capital or great American city might husband's death, enabled it not only to extend It excelled in examples its work, but to move the school from a congested legitimately be proud." of the old masters, the crown of the collection city block to its present location. Upon the death being a number of Italian paintings, wdiich include of her husband the heavy responsibilities of an IVs.llino's "Virgin and Child Between Two enormous fortune fell on her shoulders. Mr. Sage Saints"; "Madonna and Child," by Bellini; a had such confidence in his wife's ability and portrait by Botticelli; a predella by Botticelli; judgment that with the exception of a few "Pieta" by Crivelli; a decorative pair of panels bequests he left her all his wealth and made her by Cima da Conegliano; "Story of Alcione" by executive without any qualification or restriction. Carpaccio, and "Magdalen Reading" by Signor- Her benefactions include $1,000,000 to the Bens-

A

view

it,

catalog printed in 1913-14 listed 1,116 can- selaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, $1,01)0,(100 and seventy-three sculptures. In his will the to the Troy Female Seminary (Emma Willard collection was bequeathed to the city of Philadel- School), $800,000 to Cornell University, $1250,000 Mr. Johnson was recognized as an expert to Berea College, $.150,000 to the Y." M. C. A., phia. in the knowdedge of great works of art; for many, $.500,000 to the Methodist Episcopal church, the years he made the selections for the Wilstach gal- gift of Constitution Island at West Point to the leries in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, and dur- United States, $115,000 to the public school at ing his last years was a director of the Metro- Sag Harbor, L. I., $350,000 to the New York The only Young Men's Christian Association, $150,000 to politan Museum of Art, New York. public position he ever held was that of commis- the American Seaman's Friend Society, $150,000 elli.

vasses

FOR THE NATIONAL CVOLCEDi* OF AMERICAN BlGO"ApM

conhad

f

"aese lew. photographer

vesh

L

ME NATIONAL CVCl_OPEDlA OF AMERICAN BlOGR

d*4.fc&

OP AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. to the Northfiohl (Mass.) Seminary, $300,000 to the Sage Institute of Pathology of the City Hospital on Blackwell's Island, $250,000 to a home for Indigent Women, dormitories to Princeton University, a new campus known as the Sage-

the

first

year,

and confidence

423

and with unbounded enthusiasm lie

planned for the construction of

What became known on the New England as the "Palmer fleet" bore eloquent testi-

others.

coast

mony to his skill and genius, consisting of some Pierson Campus to Yale, a freshman dormitory fourteen sailing vessels, which he not only deto Harvard, and various large gifts to Syracuse, signed and built, but controlled them after they The most important of her philanthropies was the were launched, and directed and supervised their Besides these merchantmen he built gift of $10,000,000 to establish the Sage Founda- operation. lie tion for Social Betterment, the general purpose numerous other vessels and sailing yachts, of which is " the improvement of social and living originated and developed the composite vessel, conditions in the United States of America." It that is, a ship built partly of wood and reinforced is not a philanthropic institution for the relief by steel, now a well-known type recognized as an It of cases of individual poverty or misfortune. Its important improvement in ship construction. purpose is wider ami more fundamental; it seeks to was said of Mr. Palmer that he exerted a greater In influence toward the upbuilding of the American cure the disease rather than the symptoms. other words, the object of the Russel Sage Founda- merchant marine at the time of his death than activities tion is to promote constructive social any other individual for fifty years, and that he and create sound public opinion. Among its built more tonnage in wooden sailing vessels thau agencies are a charity organization department, any other builder or company in the history of for extending the work and increasing the American shipbuilding. He wasi a member of the efficiency of charitable bodies; a child-helping Boston yacht Club and the Boston Athletic Assodepartment, fur promoting improved methods of elation, also of the Boston Chamber of Commerce, dealing with dependent, neglected, delinquent and the New York Maritime Exchange, and the Society defective children; a department of child hygiene, of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. He for promoting the physical and mental progress of was married .July 17, 181)5, to Marie E., daughter of children by suitable playgrounds, sports, etc.; a Albeit Yale Convers, of Taunton, and had two remedial loans department, for reducing extor children: Fannie and Paul Pialmer. He died in to make Boston, Mass., Sent. 29, 1909. tionate loaning and fostering associations small loans at reasonable interest rates; and the WURLITZER, Rudolph, merchant and manuSage Foundation Homes Company, which estab- facturer, was born at Schoneck, Saxony, Germany, Hills L. a model lished at Forest Jan. 31, 1831, son of Gottlieb and Caroline (MarI., Garden, suburban village planned to show the possibility tin) Wurlitzer. Hans Andreas Wurlitzer, his of combining landscape effect and attractive, great-great grandfather, was a celebrated maker with and healthful housing, of violins at Marknewkirchen, as was also his son economy of space commercial profit. For this undertaking she gave Hans Adam Wurlitzer. Our subject 's father was a an additional $2,750,000. The Sage Foundation manufacturer of laces and embroideries. The son also conducts investigations into housing, indus- was educated at the gymnasium of his native city, trial conditions, school problems, etc., and main- and having pursued a business course spent two tains a publication department which has issued years as an accountant in an export commission books. these a number of important are: house in Leipzig, at the same time continuing his Among The Pittsburgh Survey (6 vols.), Correction and studies at the University of Leipzig. He came to Prevention (4 vols.), Socialized Schools (4 vols.), the United States in 1853, and settling in CinJuvenile Courts and Probation (3 vols.), Work- cinnati, O., was for three years clerk in a bank, ingmen's Insurance in Europe, The Standard of In 1856 be began business for himself as an Living Among Workingmen's Families in New importer of musical instruments. His interests exYork City, Practical Books on Housing, One panded rapidly, and he soon established branches Thousand Homeless Men A Study of Original in various important cities. In 1860 he began Records, The Almshouse Construction and Man- manufacturing his own instruments, first making agement, Handbook of Settlements, Juvenile Court drums and trumpets for the military bands of the Laws in the United States Summarized. The U. S. troops; he built a piano factory in Cincin.unpaign Against Tuberculosis in the United nati in 1868, and kept adding to his line until States, Report on the Desirability of Establishing he was producing every instrument used in a an Employment Bureau in the City of New York, modern orchestra and band. In workmanship, tone Wider Use of tlie School Plant, etc. Mrs. Sage and appearance the Wurlitzer instruments are of was married to Russell Sage at Watervliet, N. Y., the highest quality, and the band instruments and in 1S69. drums are surpassed by none. The Wurlitzer piano PALMER, William Franklin, shipbuilder, stands among the leaders; their violins rank with was born at Webster, Mass., .May 30, L859, son the best; and the Wurlitzer orchestral harp is conof William Harris and .lane Elizabeth (Hoyle) sidered the world's standard. In 1.S66 Mr. WurHe was descended from Thomas Rainier, litzer was joined by his brother Anton, his sons I'almer. who came over from Rowley, Yorkshire, England, joined him as they reached maturity, and the in 1638, and settled in Salem, Mass., the line being partnership continued until 1890, when the present tr: through Samuel, Samuel, Samuel, Parker, company was incorporated with Mr. Wurlitzer as Harris Palmer. He and William was Harris, president and chairman of the board of directors. graduated at Williams College in lsso, receiving He retired eighteen years later. In 1892 the comHe A.M. later. was for of three the degree years pany began manufacturing automatically played eight years head of the. Bristol Academy, Taunton, musical instruments, beginning with the wellfur .il'es while fitted the Mass., and known barrel organs, orchestrions, etc. It is the eminently pi sion of teacher, he was so passionately fond of pioneer manufacturer of the automatic organ, the he took the that of naval the water, first instrument of the kind up study operated by an electric ame a builder of ships. The motor and started by a coin in a slot having been architecture and Marie the first large vessel, Palmer, designed by sold in 1S92. This was followed by an automatic him in 1900, splendidly vindicated his accuracy harp, the strings of which are picked by tiny 30 of judgment, earning per cent, in dividends automatic fingers almost human iu their action; a 1

,

i

I

1

THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

424

electric piano with mandolin attach- and editor of the Waukegan daily "Gazette" i_i ment without a keyboard; a violin pianino, which 1900-05, when he retired from the newspaper busihas an addition of twenty-one violin pipes and ness. During his journalistic career, Mr. Farmer

pianino, an

twenty-one flute pipes, all three instruments being operated by coins in a slot. Improvements on these instruments followed rapidly, the company bringing out the Wurlitzer Bijou orchestra, the military band organ, operated by pinned cylinders or perforated rolls, and the pian-orehestra, which plays automatically the different instruments used in a large orchestra, the last-named being manufactured in various sizes up to a large instrument called the motion picture orchestra built especially for small theatres, it being operated either by hand or automatically by paper rolls. The Wurlitzer company 's development of the orchestral player reached its climax in their Wurlitzer-Hope-Jones unit orchestra, a marvel of mechanical skill and ingenuity operated by electricity with the component parts of a large orchestra brought under the control of a single man who operates the keys This revolutionizing on a three-manual console. musical instrument, the outcome of a life-long study of Robert Hope-Jones, is a distinctly new musical instrument destined to rank in importance with such inventions as the motor car, the aeroThe instruments plane and wireless telegraphy.

served for a time as secretary of the Waukegan Abstract Co. In 1907-08 he compiled a genealogical record of his branch of the Farmer family, complete from the earliest record 1485. He was prolific writer of verse, but little of it was saved. In 1909-10 he gathered such of it as was available and published a volume under the title, "My Violin." This was said by critics to be "a masterpiece; an edition de luxe of admirable verse from the pen of a rarely gifted poet." Later Mr. Farmer has been compiling "An Anthology of Lake County Poetry," being a collection of the best writings of Lake county versifiers from the earliest history of the county to the present, with biographical sketches of the writers. In 1908 he was appointed assistant postmaster of the city of Waukegan, III., which position he still holds. He is a member of Waukegan Lodge of Masons, Waukegan Lodge of Odd Fellows, Illinois Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, Waukegan Court, Tribe of Ben Hur, and Waukegan Council, Yeomen of America. He is modest, unassuming, broad-minded and capable; a man of high motives, large-hearted, generous and true, his conare so perfect in their reproduction of orchestral nection with the newspaper profession has been music that they are rapidly being installed in ideal. He was married at Webster, N. Y., June hotels, concert halls and theatres, where orchestras 11, 1884, to Ma, youngest daughter of Jerome of from five to twenty-five players were formerly Herrick, a veteran of the civil war. They have employed. Rudolph Wurlitzer was typical of his three children: Grace Lucile, wife of Jesse D. day and generation. His mind grasped large com- Hamilton, of Waukegan, 111.; Fannie Dee, wife mercial affairs with celerity, and he was possessed of Charles W. Wotke, a merchant of LaGrange, of indomitable energy and a business sagacity and 111., and Leo Frederick Farmer, musician and To those whom lawyer, of Waukegan, 111. Portrait opposite page integrity that was unquestioned. he honored by his friendship he was always loyal; 425. He won all hearts by to all courteous and gentle. EVANS, Victor Justice, patent lawyer, was modesty, cordiality and unselfishness; his humor born at Delaware, O., May 20, 1865, son of John was unfailing and irresistible, his imagination de- Gomer and Elizabeth (Justice) Evans, of English He was married Sept. 19, 1868, to descent. His father served throughout the civil lightful. Leonie, daughter of Charles Farny of Cincinnati, war as captain of the 4th Ohio infantry, particiO., and had five children: Sylvia, wife of Maj. pating in many of the prominent battles, including The son was George S. Weinberg, of New York city Leonie, Gettysburg and Chancellorsville. wife of Karl Eilers, of New York city; Howard E., educated in the publie schools of Washington, Rudolph H. and Farny R. Wurlitzer of Cincinnati. D. C. At the age of eighteen years he entered the o.'Hce of J. Henry Kiser, as patent draftsman. He died in Cincinnati, O., Jan. 14, 1914. FARMER, William Lemuel, journalist and Subsequently he had charge of the drafting departpoet, was born at Dupage, Will co., 111., Oct. 9, ments of the firms of E. M. Marble and John 1862, son of William Grove and Hannah Louise Wedderburn, and by close study and application, (Stolp) Farmer. His first paternal American an- acquired an extensive knowledge of patent law and cester was Edward Farmer, a native of Anslcy, the facts pertaining to inventions in this country He conducted a regular drafting England, who came to this country in 1670, and and abroad. from him and his wife business several years before taking up patent law settled at Billerica, Mass. Isabella Barbage, the descent is traced through and as a draftsman prepared the drawings for the their son Thomas and his wife, Sarah Hunt; their Lanston typesetting machines and the Rogers typeson Joseph his son William and his wife Ruth setting machines. In 1898 he organized the firm Willard; their son Henry Willard, a revolutionary of Victor J. Evans & Co., patent attorneys, which their son was incorporated in February, 1899, and of which soldier, and his wife Sybil Lemuel and his wife Roxana Rathbun, wdio were he is now the sole owner. His work in this field The includes all forms of investigation into the availgrandparents of William Lemuel Farmer. father of the subject was a teaeher, musician, jour- ability of patent applications, protecting the nalist and writer of verse. William L. Farmer w as rights of clients and defending patents from ineducated in the common schools, supplemented by fringement. He has agents in all countries where an academic course in private schools in Lake co., patents are issued, and has now the largest patent He began his journalistic career in 1887, when and patent soliciting business establishment in 111. he established the "Lake County Call," a weekly the world. In 1910 he built a special building, newspaper, at Libertyville, 111. This paper in 1889 the Victor building, in order to place at the disbecame consolidated with the "Weekly Record," at posal of his clients every facility for the prompt Waukegan, 111., and he was made city editor. In and efficient handling of their patent matters. 1894 he was cartoonist and political writer for the It is a commodious, fireproof, six-story structure, daily "Herald," at Morris, 111., and the following built of bricks, stone, marble and steel, opposite year he returned to Waukegan as editor of the the United States patent office in Washington, Waukegan daily "Herald." He was city editor of and cost $150,000. The refund system of this the Waukegan daily "Gazetta-Regisrter" in 1896-98, firm, founded upon a careful search of the patent ;

;

;

;

T

.i

WILLIAM

L.

FARMER

JOURNALIST

JOHX WILLARD CLERGYMAN

VICTOR

J.

EVANS

LAWYER

JENNIE

A.

BROWNSCOMBE ARTIST

OF

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

records, generally advertised as "patents or fee returned," of which it is the originator, coupled with the most expert services in the preparation and prosecution of patent applications, has resulted in a business which in volume and results obtained is second to none. He numbers among his clients many of the leading and most successful inventors in the t'nited States. The patents he secures for them aggreoffice

secured

Mr. Evans is a digate some 5,000 per annum. rector of the Provident Savings Bank and the He Imperial Theatre Co., both of Washington. has for some time been interested in aviation, his attention being first drawn to the subject through inventions going the usual course in his office. Perceiving the great possibilities in the development of the aeroplane and the art of navigating the air by means of it, he became president of the Rex Smith Aeroplane Co. of Washington, in In the interest of the new science, he ar1010. ranged the details of the record-breaking flight of Harry N. Atwood, from St. Louis to New York, He is a member of the National in August, 1911. Geographic Society and the Chamber of Commerce, of Washington. WILLAKD, John, clergyman, was burn in Hartford, Conn., Nov. 10, 1826, son of Asaph and His first American Sophrouia (Wells) Willard. ancestor was Maj. Simon Willard, a native of Hasmonden, England, who emigrated in 1634 and His wife was Mary settled at Concord, Mass. Sharpe, and the line of descent is tra through their son .losiah and his wife, Hannah Hosmer; their son Simon and his wife, Mary Gilbert; their sun Daniel and his wife, Dorothy Deming, and their son Daniel and his wife, Rhoda Wells, who After were the grandparents of John Willard. being graduated at Yale College in 1849, he taught for a year, then entered Andover Theological Seminary, and was graduated there in 1853. He then spent a year in post-graduate work at Andover on what was known as the "Abbott FoundaIn 1855 he became pastor of the First tion." Congregational Church, Fairhaven, Mass., where he remained for nearly eleven years. Other pastorates I

held

by him were at Birmingham (now Derby),

Conn.; Marlboro, Mass., and Decorah, la., remaining in the latter place until 1891, after which he He was a frequent eon retired to Chicago, 111. tributor of both prose and poetry to religious lie was ever a stanch advocate of journals. temperance and always a leader in every effort to He was a member of the suppress the saloon. state central committee of the third party of In fact, he always took a fearless Massachusetts. stand for the right in every good cause; held strong anti-slavery views long before the civil war, delighted in addressing patriotic meetings and in flying the Stars and Stripes from his resilience. lie entered into the feelings of the young and old alike, and various organizations of young people in each of his parishes did most effective work under his leadership. As a preacher, he was strong, He was vigorous, forceful and eminently spiritual. a line example of the older New England type of evangelical piety, accurate in scholarship, a clear thinker, possessed of superior rhetorical gifts, clear-cut and strung in his religious and ethical

and a fearless champion of righteouswas married in Brooklyn, X. V., Nov. 13, 1S55, to Catharine E., daughter of Jonathan 1). Steele, who survived him, with live children: Rev. convictions, ness,

lb-

Wallace

\V.,

Dr. William G., Catherine S., wile of

G. Edward Ucker, of Chicago; Theodora. I!., wile of Walter

Charlotte .1.

R.

Buffington,

and of

425

A sixth son, John D., died at the age Chicago. of twenty-nine years, lie died at Auburn Park, Chicago. 111., Dec. I. 191.:.

BEOWNSCOMBE,

Jennie

Augusta,

artist,

was

born at Honesdale, Pa., Dec. 10, 1850, daughter of William and Elvira (Kennedy)

Brownscombe. Her father came to America from Devonshire, England, in 1840, and settled on a farm near Honesdale, Pa. Her mother was descended from Isaac Sterns, who emigrated from England to Boston in 1630, and was one of tho two commissioners who built the first bridge over the Charles river at Boston. Among her ancestors was Capt. John Sterns of Dedham and Attleboro. who was a delegate to the general court of Massachusetts at the time of the Boston tea party. Miss Brownscombe was educated in both private and public schools in Honesdale. From her earliest years she felt a desire to become an artist, though this feeling was somewhat overshadowed at first by a still stronger desire to become a writer. She read the poets avidiously and made verses which, whether good or bad, hail the effect of exercising her faculty for expression and of forming the habit of definite imagination visualizHer efforts to express herself pictorially ing. were encouraged by her mother who had herself considerable talent with pen and pencil. After her father 's death she taught school for two years, and in 1871 entered the Cooper Institute School of Design for Women in New York. Soon afterward she became a student at the National Academy of Design, where she received first medals in the life and antique schools, and she also attended the classes of the Art Students' League for about two years. Meanwhile she was drawing for Harper's, Scribner's and other publishers, making crayon portraits, teaching and writing art notes for a newspaper. She first exhibited at the National Academy in 1876. She spent the year 1S82-83 in Paris and Brittany, studying w-ith Henry Mosler. Shortly after her return the first engraved reproduction of her work was published, and since then nearly all her important pictures have been etched, engraved or photo-engraved. In all, about seventy of her pictures have been reproduced. She paints in both oil and water color, and her subjects are Miss Brownscombe has visited mostly genre. Europe several times and had a studio in Rome for five winters. At present she maintains studios in New York city and in Palenville, N. Y. Among the best of her canvases, which are owned in Eng"Lover's Young Dream," "The land are: Gleaners," "Easter Morning," "The Peace Ball," "A Colonial Minuet," "Sir Roger de Coverly at Carvel Hall," "The Harvest Dance," "Cheerful Spring," "Harvest of Roses," "Songs of Rejoicing," "The Recessional," "Washington at New-

burgh" and "Washington's Return to Mt. Vernon." She is a member of the National Arts Club, the Municipal Art Society, the Historic and Scenic Preservation Society and Daughters of the American Revolution.

MOORE, was born

Alice Rogers,

scientist

and author,

Quinoy, III., Dec. 7, 1S57, daughter of Hon. William Timothy and Catherine Wilhelniina (Murray) Rogers, and a descendant of .lames Rogers, who came from England to America in His wile 1635, and settled in Mew London, Conn. was Elizabeth Rowland, and the line is traced from their son, Capt. James Rogers, who married Mary Jordan; their son, William, who married Elizabeth Earris; their son, Nathaniel, who married Theoda .Miner; their son, Dr. Nathaniel, who married Abigail Lay; their son, Lee Lay, who in

THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

rji;

married Rhoda Dimock, and their son, Timothy, who married Dorothy Meachem Billings, and was the

grandfather of the

subject

of

this

sketch.

John Rogers, son of James, was the author of "The Midnight Cry," printed by William Bradford, in 1705, and the founder of the sect of

who

Rogerenes,

opposed

ecclesiastical

tyranny.

entire Rogers family in New London belonged to this sect, and its members suffered persecution and confiscation of property in Connecticut in con-

The

sequence, but to-day they are given largely the credit of keeping church and state apart in America. They were noted for the purity of their lives, their original minds, the beauty of

women, longevity and freedom from disand successful men. William T. Rogers (1833-80), Mrs. Moore's father, was twice mayor of Quincy, 111., -where he had large manufacturing interests. Alice Rogers was educated in the Quincy Seminary and wdien eighteen years old was She was graduated at the public high school. their

ease,

married Jan. 6, 1880, to Dr. Frederick Porter Moore, who died in 18S9, leaving one child, Dr. Frederick Porter Moore. While her son was preparing for Harvard, she resided in Cambridge, Mass., and took special courses in biology and Later she studied literature at Radcliffe College. law as an aid in caring for her inherited property.

Her

as an author was displayed at an Her first article appeared in print was twelve years old, and before her

ability

early age. when she

marriage she contributed occasionally to newsHer first book, ''Tom papers and magazines.

in Wormdom" (1890), was a scientific dream story of a boy's visit to the earthworm, who describes to him its house and life in the ground. "In the Fireflies' Glow" (1001), is a col-

Blivens

lection of juvenile tales that gave her rank with She edited a the folklorists of the old world. page in "The Cambridge Press" for a year, also it. Other publications are, "Madison Square Garden" (1890), "Echoes From An Old

writing for Colonial

Farm-House" (1901), "In the Land of

Evangeline" (1900), "The Borrowed Newspaper" 1898), "Clubs for Working Women" (1898), "A Pleasant At-Home" (1S98), "A Window in Cologne" (1903), "The Personal Note of Hazlitt," "Shall the Curfew Toll Again?", "The Johnston Express," "Woman's Beauty," "Radcliffe Daily (

York regiment was killed in the civil war. The son was graduated at the College of the City of New York in 1878, and was instructor in English literature there for six years, in the public night schools.

meanwhile teaching

He studied law at Columbia, received the degree of LL.B. in 1880 and became an associate of the law firm of Lydecker & Romane. In 1886 he was appointed assistant United States attorney for the southern district of New York. Devoting his attention to customs law, he became one of the leading specialists in that department of legal practice. When he retired from the public service in 1890, he joined the firm of Curie, Smith & Mackie, which later became Curie, Smith & Maxwell. Among the notable law cases conducted by him was one known as the silk fraud prosecution. It had come to the attention of the treasury department that there were serious frauds going on in connection with the importation of Oriental silks, and that collusion existed between the importers and customs employees. Mr. Smith was selected by the government to conduct an investigation, and on his report that a prosecution could be successfully conducted, he was appointed a special assistant attorney-general to take charge of the case. Three persons were indicted, one of whom fled, forfeiting a bond of $30,000, and the other two were convicted. At the bar Mr. Smith was an ingenious and able advocate. He was a prodigious worker, with great powers of application, and possessed a mind far above the ordinary that could grapple with the giant difficulties of the science and master its abstruse theories. He was married June 3, 1S85, to Ella E., daughter of Joseph A. Yelsor, of Brooklyn, and had one daughter, Elsie Wickham Smith. Mrs. Smith was killed in an Alpine accident in 1901, and he was again married June 5, 1907, to Elsie Claire, daughter of Clara H. Carhart, by whom he had two children: Marion Carhart and Lester Wickham Smith. He was a member of the Union League and Riding and Driving and Crescent Athletic clubs, of Brooklyn, the Lawyers and Merchants Central clubs, of New York, New York Connnandery of the Loyal Legion, and the Metropolitan Club of Washington. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 27, 1912. Portrait opposite page 427.

POMERENE, Atlee, U. S. senator, was born at Themes" (1905), "A Year That Had No Sum- Berlin, Holmes CO., O., Dec. 6, 1863, son of Peter mer," "Equal Suffrage" (1898), "A Coal-less P. and Elizabeth (Wise) Pomerene, and a greatChristmas" (1898), "Radcliffe Examinations," grandson of Julius Pomerene, who came to Ameri"Arborday Thoughts" (1902), "Memory's Por- ca with Gen. Lafayette to espouse the cause of Gallery" (1904), "A Radcliffe Student's (1898), "Beautiful Bermuda" (1910), "A Wonderful Dog" (1911), "A Strange Color Experience" (1894), and "Image Formation in the Eye Its Color and Size" (1911). Mrs. Moore has made the architectural designs of several houses in " Hill-top," on (Quincy, 111., and her own home, Watertown Heights, near Cambridge. It was her desire to understand the science of color that led to an exhaustive study of light, and resulted in her treatise on "The Radiation Theory of Light and Color" (1011) a refutation of Newton's comMrs. Moore is a member of posite light theory. the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Daughters of the American Revolution, Colonial Dames, Mayflower Descendants, Browning Society and New England Women 's Press

against the British, and after the in Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Julius Pomerene, settled in Holmes county, O., and his father was a prominent physician and surgeon, and a member of the faculty of the Ohio Medical College at the time of his death in 1892. Atlee Pomerene attended the local school and was prepared for college at Vermillion Institute, Hayesvine, O., where he was tutor of Latin and Greek for one year. He was graduated at Princeton College in the class of 1884 with honors. Having determined to follow the legal profession, he read law with Gen. Durbin Ward and was graduated at the Cincinnati Law School in 1886, taking the forensic scholarship. He was admitted to the bar in the same year, and began practice with Charles R. Miller in Canton, which continued for fourteen

trait

the

Room"

war located

Club.

years,

SMITH, William Wickham, lawyer, was born in New York city, Sept. 21, 1859, son of John Alexander and Mary (Lane) Smith. His father was a journalist, and as captain in the 47th New

colonies

when Mr. Pomerene formed a partnership with Judge Robert S. Schields under the name of In 1909 he organized the Schields & Pomerene. Commercial and Savings Bank of Canton. He has in He was city solicitor long been active politics.

Qc

V

far

rtsL^nrx-K. -

WILLIAM W. SMITH

DANIEL

D. WESC1II MANUFACTURER

ATLEE POMERENE

U

LAWYER

l.k

S.

EUGENE

SEXATOR

F.

BALDWIN

EDITOR AND AUTHOR

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. of Canton, from 1887 to 1891 and was elected prosecuting attorney of Stark county in 1S96 for three years, being the only Democrat to hold that He was office in the county from' 1892 to 1908. chairman of the Ohio State Democratic convention at Dayton, O., in 1910, which nominated him for lieutenant-governor on the ticket with Judson Harmon, and he was elected in the following November. He was elected to the United States senate on Jan. 19, 1911, by the general assembly of the state to succeed Sen. Charles Dick. Mr. Pomerene served on the board of education, was president of the Sinking Fund Commission of his home city, and was a member of the honorary tax commission of the state appointed by Gov. Harris in 1906, serving two years. He is a member of Canton lodge, No. 68, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and served as exalted ruler. The honorary degree of LL.D. was given him by Mt. Union-Scio College, Ohio, in 1913. He was married Juno 29, 1892, to Mary H., daughter of L. V. Boekins, of Canton, O. Daniel David, maltster and inventor, was born at Erie, Pa., Aug. 5, 1853, son of His Jacob and Barbara (Hauck) Weschler. father, a native of Bavaria, emigrated to America in 1847; worked for a brief period as a farmer at Flushing, Long Island, and then settled at Erie,

WESCHLER,

427

removed to Fort Wayne, where he resumed work at his trade until the breaking out of the civil He enlisted as a sergeant in the 12th war. Indiana volunteer infantry; was captured by Morgan's raiders at Richmond, Ky., in 1862, and after a period of imprisonment he was paroled and discharged from the service on account of illhealth. For a brief period thereafter he attended school at Normal, 111., and later resumed teaching at Chillicothe, Peoria county. In 1863 he became

He principal of the first ward school, Peoria. was editor of the Peoria "Transcript" during 1S64-68, and subsequently edited various other El the Paso newspapers, (111.) including

In 1877 he re"Journal," which he purchased. turned to Peoria and, in company with Jacob B. Barnes, founded the daily "Journal," which they conducted successfully until 1S91. In 1882 they built the Grand Opera House, Peoria, and were In 1^97 partners in various other enterprises. Mr. Baldwin established the Peoria "Star." For years he was president of the Peoria Improvement Association, and was unceasingly active in all civic and municipal matters. He was the author of "Jonah and the Whale and the Bible" 1892 "Dr. Cavallo" (1S94), a novel, and "The Philosopher," in three volumes (1913). Since 1910 he has been president of the Peoria library board. He is an honorary member of the Luther Burbank Society, president of the Peoria Sunday Lyceum, and member of the Creve Cceur, Country and Ivy clubs, of Peoria. He was married in 1867 to Sarah Jane Prances, daughter of John F. Gove, of Rutland, Frank E., a 111., by whom he has two children: practising physician of Peoria, and Sidney, an editor of the Peoria "Star." OLCOTT, George N., educator, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 19, 1869, son of George Mann and Jennie (Arnold) Olcott, and a descend ant of Thomas Olcott, who came over from England in 1633 and settled at Hartford, Conn. From him and his wife Abigail the line. is traced through (

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employment in a brewery, and subsequently purchased a brewery of his own. In 1864 he built a new brewery, but soon sold it, and thereafter devoted his attention exclusively to malting, in which he was unusually successful. The son, after a course at the Erie Business College, entered his father 's business. He learned all the details of the malting industry, and upon the death of his father, in 1893, assumed the enIn 1897 the tire management of the concern. plant was sold to the American Malting Co., but he remained manager of the Erie branch for eight He operated the Gerlach malt house in years. Milwaukee for one year, was general manager for the George Bullen Co., maltsters, of Chicago, and their son Thomas and his wife, Mary then resumed business for himself, the firm being their son Timothy; his son Timothy, wdio married In Eunice White; their son Timothy, who married still known as D. D. Weschler & Sons, Inc. this new malt house he introduced his patented Elizabeth T. Chandler; their son "Thomas Chandmalt-handling machines which he invented in 1903. ler, who married BetSy Mann, and their son Charles They consist of sixteen fork-like shovels, which are Mann, who married Maria C. Underbill, and was operated by electricity, and were the means of the grandfather of George N. Olcott. He attended He was a the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute and was gradurevolutionizing the malting industry. member, of the Erie Country Club, Erie and Chi- ated at Columbia College in 1893, receiving the He took cago boards of trade, Erie Maennerehor, Milwau- degree of Ph.D. there six years later. kee Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, post-graduate courses at Columbia and at the Maltsters' WisAmerican United States School of Classical Studies, Rome, Association, and the consin Maltsters' Club. He wT as also a member of 1897-98. Dr. Olcott followed the traditions of Blue Mound his in the his devotion to learning, for he was Country Club of Milwaukee, and family of the Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce. He was a direct descendant of John Eliot, "the apostle to married at Erie, Pa., Aug. 27, 1878, to Sophie M., the Indians," and of Roger Williams, founder and He was lecdaughter of George Waldfogel, and was survived governor of Rhode Island Colony. by six children: George Daniel, president of the turer, assistant professor and professor of Roman D. D. Weschler & Sons, Inc.; Raymond Jacob, archaeology at Columbia from L898 until his death. secretary and treasurer of the D. D. Weschler iV He was editorial contributor on numismatics to the B. Aline, Edward Albert, vice-presi- "American Journal of Archaeology" ami was the Sons, Inc. dent of the D. D. Weschler & Sons, Inc.; Florence author of "Studies in Word-Formation of the Latin Ethel and Walter Karl Weschler, He died iu Inscriptions Substantives and Adjectives Wit Milwaukee, Wis., May 27, 1913. Special Reference to the Latin Sermo- Vulgaris" BALDWIN, Eugene Francis, editor, publisher (1898)t, At the time of his death he was enand author, was born at Watertown, Conn., Dec. gaged on a dictionary of Latin inscriptions entitled "Thesaurus Linguae Latinae Epigraphies," in 1, 1840, son of Stephen and Julia (Pardee) BaldWhen he was a year old his parents re- which every word was to be traced to its origin win. moved to Nunda, N. Y., and in 1856 to Wisconsin, either on tombs or buildings, bringing thus under where he learned the carpenter's trade. After a one cover all the ascertainable knowledge of Royear in Milwaukee he engaged in teaching in man life in early times as shown in the language southern Illinois, and subsequently attended the of the people. In 1911 he received from the CarNormal University at Blcomington. In I860 he negie Institution at Washington an appropriation Pa., where he found

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THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

428

for this work, which is given only for original research along the most original lines, but liis death left the work unfinished. Dr. Ok'ott had the distinction of rising to unquestionable fame in the world of learning and of literary research. His was a life of labor and love, for while an unremitting scholar along the most abstruse lines, he

mastered Greek,

Romany.

many languages, among them Latin, Spanish, French, German and The "Columbia University Quarterly"

Italian,

said of him: "He worked in 'dry light,' but with the added insight of a high affection. He was, in every sense of the word, a university man, interested beyond question in the general problems of society, but viewing them always as would be natural to one whose most vital interests centered His widow gave to Coin Columbia University." lumbia a portion of his collection of antiquities He and his entire collection of coins, 3,645. was married at Eome, Italy, July 19, 1902, to Zita Ledderucci, daughter of a retired merchant of that city, who survives him with one child, Bianca Dr. Olcott died in Rome, Italy, Arelia Olcott. Mar. 2, 1912.

SOMERS, Daniel McLean,

inventor and manu-

facturer, was born in Alexandria, Va., March 20, 1841, son of Joseph Risley and Mary Carlton (Atkinson) Somers. The family traces descent from John Somers, lord chancellor of England during

the period of the war of the roses. The founder of the family in America was John Somers, who settled in New Jersey in 1681. He had obtained a grant of land embracing Great Egg Harbor, to which he gave the name of Somers Point. The wife of John Somers was Hannah Hodgkins, and the line of descent is traced through their son James, who married Abigail Blackmail their son ;

John, who married Esther Risley, their son John, who married Hannah McLean, and their son, Joseph Risley Somers, the father of our subject. rther members of the family were Col. Richard Somers (q. v.), an active Whig during the revolutionary war, who removed to Philadelphia about 1780, and his son, Comr. Richard Somers (q.v.), who blew up the ship Intrepid off Tripoli to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy, and with twelve comrades was killed by the explosion. Daniel McLean Somers was educated at the Episcopal High School of Alexandria, Va. In 1S69, with his brothers, Joseph L. and Guy A. Somers, he organized the firm of Somers Bros., in Brooklyn, N. Y., for the manufacture of metal boxes, stamped out of sheet brass and tin by a process invented by him. The boxes were used chiefly for (

proprietary articles and tobacco, and the business increased rapidly with each succeeding year as the products of the factory became known. In 1878 the firm of Somers Bros, began the manufacture of decorated tin boxes for use as packages by manufacturers of proprietary articles. The decorations were in the form of artistic designs and pictures and were put on by a lithographic process for coloring the metal invented by Mr. Somers. He was the originator of this idea of using decorated tin boxes, and devised and constructed the necessary machinery both for shaping the boxes and decorating them. The demand for these goods became so great that in 1884 Mr. Somers personally designed

ventor of a penholder (1872), machines for making tubes (1S75), embroidering attachment for sewing-machines (1877), a hand-mirror (1881), automatic pencil case (1881), an insect powder gun (1885), apparatus for pickling metal platea (1892), a hydrocarbon burner (1894), a device for making tin plate (1905), and a steam engine system (1907). He also worked out new forms of motion, such as is applied to the coaster brake, and made improvements in the gas engine. In polities Mr. Somers was a Democrat, and while active in all movements for the civic betterment of his adopted city, he declined many nominations for offices to which there was attached a remuneration. He served for several years as park commissioner under Mayors Whitney and Chapin, and was a director of the Brooklyn Public Library at the time of his death. He was also a charter member and a director of the Brooklyn Manufacturers' Association, a director and former president of the Associated Manufacturers' Mutual Eire Insurance Co., a charter member of the Brooklyn Club, and a member of the Central Congregational Church of Brooklyn. He was married April 21, 1881, to Hannah, daughter of William Aldrich, of New York city, who survived him with one son, Donald McLean Somers, a lawyer, of the firm of Black, Varian, Bigelow & Somers, of New York. He died in Brooklyn, Aug. 28, 1912. PENROSE, Clement Biddle, lawyer land jurist, was born in Carlisle, Pa., Oct. 27, 1S32, son of Charles Bingham and Valeria Fullerton (BidHis first American ancestor was die) Penrose.

Bartholomew Penrose, who came from England to Philadelphia about 1700; his wife was Esther Leech, and from them the line of descent is traced through their son Thomas, who married Sarah Coats; their son James, who married Sarah Biddle, their son Clement Biddle, who married Anne Howard Bingham, and was the grandfather of On the maternal side he was Judge Penrose. descended from William Biddle, one of the proprietors of New .Jersey, who emigrated from England to America in 1681. His father, Charles B. Penrose, was solicitor of the treasury under PresiHis education was dents Harrison and Tyler. gained at Franklin College and the University of Pennsylvania, being graduated in the classical course at the latter in 1850. He at once began the study of law under his father and his partner, Henry M. Watts, from whom he gained a great love for the classics of the law, which led him to study an original edition of "Coke on Littleton," without later commentary, iu his unusual search for the principles of the law. He has left public record that this was more valuable to him Consethan all his other study put together. quently, after his admission to the bar in 1853, he was recognized as a peculiarly learned lawyer, and for the next quarter of a century was best known as an adviser of lawyers and judges. This was what led to his elevation as vice-provost of the ancient Law Academy of Philadelphia in 1868. During these years he was closely associated with the late E. Spencer Miller (q. v.). Four years after the creation of the Orphans Court by the constitution of 1874, he was appointed the successor to the late Judge O 'Brien by Gov. Hartranft, and in the following November his practically unanimous election followed and was repeated the rest of his life. He and his colleagues, Judges Hanna and Ashman, made a notable court,

and

and built a large factory and tin plate mill in Brooklyn, which the company operated successfully until 1901, when it was taken over by the American Can Co. He was a man of fertile ideas, and his inOn May 3, ventive faculty was strongly developed. Besides the unchanged for twenty-eight years. numerous devices that he originated for improving 1910, he became president judge of his court, and the manufacture of his tin boxes, he was the in- resigned on account of ill health on June 21, 1911.



sense of consistency which maile liis services as a eodifier of laws of inestimable value to the state. His nature was an unusual combination of gentleness and firmness, in which the finest attributes of man were combined with the sterner qualities. He was married, .July 14, 1864, to Julia A., daughter of William Redmond, of Detroit, Mich., and they had ten children, seven of whom survive: .Mary J.; Genevieve; Agnes, wife of Arthur P. Eleanor, wife of WillPerley, South Bend, Ind. iam L. Benitz, South Bend: John A., Edward A., and George A. Howard. He died at South Bend, Ind., Julv 9, 1916. FFOULKE, Charles Mather, art collector, ;

was born

at Quakertown, Pa., July 25, 1841, son of Benjamin. Green and Jane (Mather) Ffoulko and a descendant of Edward Ffoulke, of Wales, who landed in this country in 1698 and settled at Gwynedd, Pa. The line of descent is traced through his son, Hugh, who received a grant of land at Quakertown, Pa., in 1712 from John Penn, brother of William Penn, where he and his descendants lived to the present generation; through his son,

Thomas; through Thomas's son Everard, and his son Caleb, the grandfather of our subject. The. name was originally spelled with a double " f " but Thomas of the third generation dropped the second The ancient form was resumed by various members of the seventh generation. Charles M. Ffoulke was educated at the Friends School in Quakertown, Pa., of which he was subsequently principal for one year. In 1861 he was taken into the firm of Davis, Fiss & Banes, wool merchants of Philadelphia. In 1869 the old firm was reorganized under the style of Davis & Ffoulke and extended the business of buying wool in large quantities in the West and selling it to manufacturers in the East. Retiring from business in 1872, on account of ill-health, he spent several years in traveling in Europe, and on his return became secretary and treasurer of the ConHe spent many years in glomerate Mining Co. Europe studying art, especially textile art and tapestries and accumulated probably the largest and finest collection of tapestries of recent times, including the famous Barberini collection of 135 He was recognized as an authority on pieces. tapestries, delivering lectures in New York, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore and Washington, and writing monographs on the different tapestries in his collection. After his death these monographs were condensed, edited and published by his wife under the title The Ffoulke Collection of Tapestries" (1913). Mr. Ffoulke was president of the National Society of Fine Arts from 1906 until his death. The energy and executive ability which he displayed as president made him a strong factor in Washington in helping the development of the He. proposed and was park commission plans. instrumental in organizing a federation of fine arts composed of chapters representing leading societies in the United States of architecture, landscape architecture, painting, sculpture and ,

"."

'

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civic

improvement, which

May

15, 1909.

He was

a

first

met

in

Washington

member

of the International Art Society of Belgium and the Geographical and Historical societies of Washington. He resided in Philadelphia until 1884 anil upon his return from Europe made the city of Washing-

ton his permanent home. He was married in Paris, France, Dec. 10, 1872, to Sarah, daughter of Horace Cushing of Boston, and to them were born Horace Cushing, Helen Seagrave, wife of E. Havenith, Belgian minister to the United States; Gladys, wife of E. Chapman Smith, of Philadelphia, Pa.;

Gwendoline and Charles Mather Ffoulke. Mr. Ffoulke was a member of the Metropolitan, Cosmos and Chevy Chase clubs of Washington, being president of the latter during a number of years.

He

died in

New York

TURNER,

city April 14,

1909."

Robert, jurist, was a native of Dublin, Ireland, where he was engaged for many He emigrated with the years as a merchant. Pennsylvania colonists in 1682, and became interested, as a Quaker, in the colony of East (New) Jersey, of which he was one of the With William Penn he twenty-four proprietors. became intimate both in New Jersey affairs and in the settling of the Pennsylvania colony, and with Thomas Lloyd and James Claypoole, served as one of Mr. Penn 's first commissioners of On the organization of the supreme property. court, in 1684, he was made associate judge under Chief Justice Moore. He was a member of the legislative and executive provincial council during 1686-94. was one of the commission that acted as executive in 1687-S9, and in most of the political conflicts led by David Lloyd, he was usually on the proprietary side. In 1688-89, during" the revolution in England, Judge Turner led that part of the executive council which favored Mr. Perm's plans and supported the Jacobean admin-

head even in his attempts to arrest White and Lloyd, the leaders of resistance. The result was that the assembly publicly declared them unfit for public office by a resolution in its This "stain," as Judge Turner called minutes. on the minutes was thereafter the frequent it, object for removal by himself and his friends, until, through Mr. Penn, he secured an annulment of the assembly resolution and a removal of the "stain." Judge Turner was one of the followers of George Keith, in 1690-93, whose movement came to nothing, and was against the new istrative

constitutional wdiose success culminated in the Lloydean charter or constitution of 1701. Thus he lost in both cases, and his death followed during the year of the adoption of the longfought-for new fundamental law.

CANNON, Frank

Jenne, ex-senator, was born Utah, Jan. 25, 1859, son of George Quayle and Sarah (Jenne) Cannon. He received his early education at private schools and was graduated A.B. at the University of Utah in 1878. Having spent his evenings and leisure hours in his father 's printing office, in 1879 he became city editor of the Ogden "Junction," at Ogden City, and a year later established the Logan "Leader," at Logan. Utah. The following year he served as reporter on the San Francisco "Chronicle" and subsequently beeame its news in Salt

Lake

City,

editor. In 188284 he served as private secretary to Congressman John T. Caine, and in the latter In year was elected recorder of Weber county. 1887 he again entered the journalistic field as editor of the Ogden "Herald," and the following

year established the Ogden "Daily Standard," the He was elected first Republican paper in Utah. a member of the Ogden city council in 1891, and served as chairman of the committee on public When the politics of buildings and grounds. Utah were established on national party lines he became one of the foremost Republican campaigners, and when the Republican territorial convention met at Salt Lake City in September, 1892, he was nominated to be a candidate for congress, reducing the Democratic majority in He was rethat, territory from 7,000 to 2,800. nominated by acclamation in 1S94 and defeated by 1,800 vote's his victorious opponent of two years

CHARLES M- FFOULKE

OP AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. Hon. ,T. L. Rawlings. Mr. Cannon was engaged for several years in various business enterfor the of his native state. prises development He has been a very pronounced free silver advobefore,

He delivered the address of renunciation in behalf of the withdrawing delegates at the Republican convention of St. Louis in June, 1896. Upon the admission of Utah to the Union he was elected U. S. senator, serving from Jan. 22, 1896, to Mar. 3, 1899. Since 1900 he has been a Democate.

443

Chase Granite Co., of which he was president. He was a director in several railroads, and in various banking and financial concerns. He was a publicspirited citizen, withholding his support from no meritorious cause or institution designed to benefit the people. He was an extensive traveler, having visited Egypt, the Holy Land, Germany, France,

England, Ireland, Scotland, Belgium and several of the smaller countries of Europe, besides Peru and other parts of South America. He was

was state chairman of the Democratic party devoted to his wife and home, and found there He was during 1902-04, and delegate to the Democratic his deepest satisfaction and delight. national convention in 1904. Later he removed married. Mar. 1, 1888, to Ellen A., daughter of Amos Besides being a lecturer and P. Knowles, of Camden, Me., and had one to Denver, Colo. contributor to magazines, he is the author of daughter, Nila E. Slaven. He died in New York " Under the Prophet in Utah," with Harvey J. city, Dec. 2, 1904. SIMCOCK, John, jurist, was born in England O'Higgins (1911), and "Brigham Young and His Mormon Empire," with George L. Knapp (1913). about 1630, and lived at or near Stoak, Chesire, and later at Ridley. Mr. Cannon has been twice married: (1) Apr. 8, He became a Quaker at an 1878, to Martha Anderson, daughter of Judge early age and was frequently fined and imFrancis A. Brown, of Ogden, Utah; Mrs. Cannon prisoned for preaching. In 1682 he became a died Mar. 2, 1908, and he was married (2) June member of the Free Society of Traders, and, as his a friend of William Penn, invested in 29, 1909, to Mary Anderson Brown, sister of crat,

largely

new colony of Pennsylvania. He came over SLAVEN, Hem-y Bartholomew, contractor, among the first settlers. He settled near Chester, was horn near I'icton, Ontario, Can., Oct. 19, giving the name of Ridley township, which in He was in 1853, son of Patrick and Eliza (Welch) Slaven. turn gave its name to Ridley Park. At the age of thirteen he became a druggist 's the first assembly at Chester on Dec. 4, 1682, and and was on the committee on elections. assistant and by working in the daytime He was studying at night school, he was able to graduate chosen president judge of the Chester county court of common pleas Feb. 14, 1683, at the Ontario College of Pharmacy in 1870. Subserving sequently he attended the College of Pharmacy many years. In 1686 he was elected to the legisfirst wife.

his

in Philadelphia for nearly two years. Being too to graduate, he accepted a position in a

council for three years and served almost continuously until its reorganization on Mr. Penn's second visit in 1700. On Sept. 20, 1686, he was appointed judge of the supreme court of Pennsylvania. In 1688, when Gov. Blackwell was trying to make a colonial government after the manner of James II, Judge Simcock and others attempted to act under their old commissions, but were reprimanded and new ones proclaimed in 1689. After the removal of Gov. Blackwell and the reorganization of the supreme court in

young

large wholesale

drug establishment of Philadelphia, and in 1873 became the sole manager of a large wholesale and retail drug house in Canada. Early in 1S76 he accompanied a party of engineers to the British Northwest, visiting Winnipeg, ManiThere toba, and thence to San Francisco, CaL he embarked in the wholesale and retail drug and manufacturing business, which grew so rapidly that in a few years it was the best-known business of its kind west of the Rocky mountains.

lative

1690, Judge Simcock was commissioned chief he became a special partner justice, or "prior judge," and served until the Moses A. Slaven, who was a appointment of Chief Justice Andrew Robeson, brother, general contractor. They obtained contracts from in 1692. When the political difficulties attending De Lesseps for excavating on the Pacific coast the revolution of 1688, together with local ones, side for the Panama canal, and for buildings and caused the first separation of Pennsylvania and other preliminary work, involving millions of what is now Delaware, Justice Simcock and In 1S8II Mr. Slaven went to Panama to Attorney-General David Lloyd, of whom he was dollars. inaugurate this work, taking with him a. numerous a follower, were deputed to visit New Castle in company of men and two large steamer loads of the interests of harmony, but two separate He lost most of his men governments seemed more desirable for a time, supplies ami materials. because of the fevers, but he engaged native labor although Mr. Penn wished them united. In 1693 and thus the work prospered. The brothers Justice Simcock was elected to the assembly, and organized the American Contracting and Dredging again in 1696, when he became speaker and Co., associating Eugene Kelly with them in the voiced the demand, led by Mr. Lloyd, for a nonHenry B. Slaven became president, democratic constitution, which was acquiesced in enterprise. Eugene Kelly, treasurer, and Moses A. Slaven, by Gov. Markham on condition that it should Work was facilitated by the stand only until Mr. Penn annulled it. He died general manager. Slaven dredge, an invention of Henry P.. Slaven, on Mar. 27, 1703. which was the largest, most effective and most TWEEDY, John Hubbard, lawyer, was born costly dredge ever constructed up to that time. in Danbury, Conn., Nov. 8, 1814, son of Samuel Mr. Slaven spent most of his time during 1882 89 and Ann (Burr) Tweedy, and great grandson of superintending operations on the Isthmus, and John Tweedy, a native of Ulster county, Ireland, who came to this country in 1738 and settled at what, he and his company accomplished const tuted one of the greatest industrial and financial Woodbury, Conn., where he purchased a farm. He had completed his His father was a retired hat manufacturer, served successes of that period. first contract, for which he was paid nearly for thirty years as president of the Danbury Bank, and was representative successively in the legisla$20,OlMi.iiO(i, and was about to be awarded a second contract for completing the canal when the Panama ture and state senate, and in 1x33 to congress. Canal Co. failed in December, 1889. Returning John Hubbard Tweedy was graduated at Vale to the United States, he engaged in the granite College in 1834 and at the Vale law school in 1836. business in Hancock county, Me., founding the In the latter year he began the practice of his

Meanwhile

with

(1878)

his

i

44

Till:

1

.NATIONAL

profession in Milwaukee", Wis., in association with Tw Iv & Hans Orocker under the firm nan t The partnership continued until L847, Crocker. when Mr. Tweedy, because of ill health, retire. from the active law practice. He was a member of the territorial council in 184] and 1842 and a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1S46, serving on the committee on the constitution and In 1S47 he was organization of the legislature. ejected territorial delegate to congress, being the After Wisconsin last incumbent in that position. was admitted to the union he was the first whig candidate for governor, but was defeated by the Democratic candidate, Nelson Dewey. In 1853 he served as a member of the assembly. During his whole career, Mr. Tweedy was noted for his re1

CYCLOPAEDIA His father was for more than dramatic editor of the Cleveland The "Herald" and Cleveland "Plain Dealer." son was graduated at the Central High School of Cleveland in 1875. In that year he began eighteen years of faithful service in the internal revenue He was predestined, however, office in Cleveland. to find his ultimate field of effort and achievement in the newspaper world. For a brief period he was associated with the "Sunday Voice," but soon became Sunday editor of the "Plain Dealer," ami for a year or two was an editor and publisher of "The Clevelander," a weekly. It was characterject

of (his sketch.

thirty

years

of him that when the latter failed he never rested until he had paid his full share of its debts. At that period he wrote the libretto of "Captain Cupid," a comic opera. In 1899 he became secre tary to John H. Farley, mayor of Cleveland, and subsequently he was employed by the M< Kinley Monument Commission. In 1901 he returned to newspaper work as dramatic and literary critic of the Cleveland "Leader." He displayed extraordinary versatility, unfailing charm of style, and an astounding range and depth of knowledge. He was married June 3, 1891, to Gertrude, daughter of Moses G. Crane, of Newton Highlands, Mass. She died in 1892, and he died in Cleveland, June 10, 1913. istic

markable ability, profound learning, sterling integrity and unselfish interest in all enterprises for He was the promotion of the general welfare. an active member, and for two terms served as president of the Pioneer Association of Milwaukee. He was married June 8, 1848, to Anna Maria, daughter of Jabez Fisher, a packer of Boston, and is survived by three children: Mariette, John Hubbard, Jr., anil Bobert Benedict Tweedy. He died in Milwaukee, Wis., Nov. 12, 1891. KENNEDY, Joseph Camp Griffith, lawyer and statistician, was born at Meadville, Crawford His grandfather, HENDERSON, John Thomas, civil engineer, county, Pa., Apr. 1, 1813. Samuel Kenned}', served on the staff of Gen. was born in Cecil county, Md., Mar. 19, 1876, son Washington as a surgeon in the revolutionary war. of William Cyrus and Analiel (Smith) Henderson. Joseph C. G. Kennedy was educated at Allegheny He was educated in Newark Academy and DelaCollege, Pennsylvania; read law, and at an early ware College, both at Newark, Del., and was graduage became the owner of two newspapers, editing ated at the latter with the degree of B.E;C. in 1896. the Crawford "Messenger" and the Venango In 1898 he entered the office of the Manhattan In 1849 he was appointed secre- Elevated Railway Co. of New York city as rod"Intelligencer." tary of the United States census board and in man, making a specialty of bridges and bridge that capacity drafted the bill for the establish- construction, and in June, 1898, he was engaged ment of the census bureau, which was passed by as draftsman on the Connecticut river bridge and He was appointed the first superin- highway district. In that position he worked congress. tendent of the bureau, conducting the collection of under Edwin I). Graves as consulting engineer, In 1851 he was and designed several bridges for the Greenwich statistics of the seventh census. commissioned to visit various countries in Europe and Johnsonville Railway Co. of New York. He in the interest of statistics and cheap postage, and was chief draftsman in designing the steel platein 1853 was a member of the international statis- girder bridge between East Hartford ami HartThree ford, subsequently becoming deputy chief engineer. tical congress held in Brussels and Paris. years later he became secretary of the United He is a member of the American Society of Civil States commission to the World's Fair at London, Engineers, the Connecticut Society of Civil England. He was again at the head of the census Engineers, and is a thirty-second degree Mason. in interbureau Mr. Henderson was married, Dec. 27, 1905, to I860, was a commissioner to the of national exhibition of 1861 and was corresponding Maude Helen, daughter of Frank Keeney, of the the National Institute, also of secretary Rockville, Conn. United States Agricultural Society and editor of MILLS, John Proctor, poet, and musician, the journal of the latter. Mr. Kennedy was a was bom at Oxford, Mich., Jan. 7, 1879, son of of member the statistical board of Belgium, of Alphonso David and Mary Charlotte (Proctor) the Geographical Society of Prussia, of the statis Mills, grandson of David and Lucy (Cramton) heal societies of France, England and Ireland, and Mills, great-grandson of John, and great-greatof other European and American associations. In grandson of John Mills, a native of England, who LS66 he was presented by the king of Denmark emigrated in the early part of the eighteenth with a gold medal for his services in statistics century and settled in New Y'ork. His father and in v 67 lie received the degree of LL.l). from was a sawmill owner and a gifted mechanic, and He died in From both Allegheny College. Washington, D. C, his mother was a school-teacher. .Inly 13, 1887. parents Mr. Mills inherited a love for music, art SAGE, William Evans, editor, was born in and poetry. He began piano lessons under his Cleveland, O., July 6, 1859, son of Jacob Coleman sister, and later he was instructed in piano and and Catherine (Evans) Sage. His earliest paternal voice by more distinguished tutors. His musical American ancestor was David Sage, a native of training has been entirely in the United States, Wales, who emigrated in 1652 and settled at and although the son of well-to-do parents he has Middletown, Conn. His wife was Elizabeth Kirby, the satisfaction of having worked his way to pay and the line of descent is traced through their son for his musical education. His first musical comJohn and his wife, Hannah Starr; their son John position was written at the age of twelve, and and his wife, Mary Hall; their son John and his consisted of three distinct themes. His versawife, Ann Banney; their son John and his wife, tility is pronounced, and having .temporarily lost Jerusha, and their son John and his wife, Rachel his voice at thirteen he devoted his energies to Coleman, who were the grandparents of the sub- sketching and painting; he also won numerous l

JOSEPH

C. C.

KEXXEDY

WILLIAM

STATISTICIAN

JOHN

T.

HENDERSON

CIVIL ENGINEER

E.

SAGE

EDITOK

JOHN PROCTOR MILLS PI IE r

Wli MUSIC] \X

OP prizes in competition. stories,

poems

AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

His writings include short

librettos, lyrics for song cycles, over 400 anil several photoplays, and his musical

compositions consist of numerous songs and piano For fifteen pieces, vocal duets and quartettes. vears he has been a successful teacher of music in Montgomery, and his activities have attracted considerable notice throughout the state. He was twice auditor of the Alabama State Music Teachers' Association, secretary of the convention of that association, ami was chairman of the committee on musical compositions by composers of the state of Alabama of the Southern Music Teachers' Association, and a member of the executive committee of that body.

FLETCHER, George Washington, merchant and banker, was born at Porestville, Minn., Mar. 6, 1S58, son of Francis and Mary Ann (Brooks) Pletcher, and grandson of Edward and Lucinda (Burns) Fletcher. His paternal grandfather was a native of England. Francis Fletcher, father of our subject, was a blacksmith and farmer, and served as an officer in the Federal army during the civil war. Because of a delicate constitution George W. Fletcher was unable to attend the public schools but part time. However, lie was

always ready it

to acquire knowledge to the uses of life.

intelligently

and

to apply

He began

business career at Spring Valley, Minn., and in 1883 removed to Idaho, working on the mines of Rocky Bar or whatever presented itself. Within a short time after his arrival he became interested in general merchandising, and subsequently removed to Boise, Ida., where he engaged in the hardware business and later bought out a Ida. pioneer hardware business at Lewiston, Shortly afterward he returned to Boise and organized the Idaho National Bank, of which he was He was president until the time of his death. his

likewise president of the First National Bank of Weiser, Ida. He was liberal in his banking transactions and numerous dairymen in the Boise valley owe their success to him, inasmuch as he furnished the initial capital to start them in business. He possessed a fine sense of civic duty, and was particularly interested in the upbuilding of Idaho. .lust prior to his death he devoted his strength and energy and money to the work of inducing railroads to extend their lines in Idaho, particularly with a project of building a line from Boise to connect with the Western Pacific, and thus shorten, by hundreds of miles, the distance between the east and San Francisco. He had always been a dominant factor in Republican politics in Idaho; was a "stand-patter" at the time of McKinlex 's election, and was an ardent supporter of Sen.

George Laird Shoup (q. v.). He was a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Masonic fraternity. His dominant personal character-

11.-)

WEIGHTMAN,

Richard Coxe, journalist, Washington, I>. C, Oct. 25, 1844j son of Richard Hanson (1816-1861) and Susan Bradford (Coxe) Weightman, and grandson of Roger Chew, who was editor and publisher of the "National Intelligencer"; served two terms as mayor of Washington was president of the Bank of Washington, and held the rank of general in the His father volunteered his services for militia. the Mexican war, going to the front with Dunphan's expedition. He was chosen captain of his company, and distinguished himself by unlimberHe ing within fifty yards of Chihuahua in 1847. returned from the war a major. In 1861 he was made colonel of a Confederate regiment under Gen. Sterling Price, and in August, 1861, was killed in the battle of Wilson's Creek, near SpringRichard Coxe Weightman was educated field, Mo. at St. Timothy 's Hall, Catonsville, Md., and before attaining the age of seventeen entered the Confederate service under Gen. Sterling Price. After the war he engaged in newspaper and other literary work, beginning his journalistic career on the New Orleans "Picayune." In 1877 he became connected with the "Times- Democrat" of that city, and in 1884 went to Washington as its correIn 1885 he became an editorial spondent there. writer on the Washington "Post," which position was bom

in

;

he occupied for thirteen years. During that period he was also a contributor to the "Chicago Tribune" and various magazines. In 1901 he became an editorial writer on the New Yorjc "Sun." He was a member of the Louisiana assembly in 1876. President McKinley appointed him secretary of the War (Spanish) Investigating Committee, and in 1898 the president appointed him commissioner of Rock Creek Park, District of Columbia. While on the editorial staff of the Washington "Post" articles written by him brought him three decorations the Order of St. Stanislaus from Russia, the Order of the Modijieh from Turkey and the Order of Bolivar from Venezuela. He was a member of the Orleans and Boston clubs, New Orleans, and of the Metropolitan and Chevy Chase clubs, Washington, l>. C. He was married (1) to Miss Dunbar, of New Orleans; (2) in New Orleans, La., Dec. 19, 1878, to Laura, daughter of L. Jurey, of that city. He died in Washington, D. C, Feb. 17, 1914.

WALTON, Ezekiel Parker, journalist, was born in Canterbury, N. II., in 1789, son of George and Mary (Parker) Walton and a descendant of George Walton, who was one of the pioneer settlers of Newcastle, now Portsmouth, N. H. George Walton was a Quaker and at his house is alleged to have occurred a remarkable case of witchcraft, which is reported by Cotton Mather in his Mag-

Americana or the Ecclesiastical His(1820). Ezekiel Walton atthe schools and the famous public istic was his great domesticity; his genial friendAcademy of Peacham, \'t. In 1804 he became an liness made him a charming host and entertainer, apprentice in tin' printing office of the "Green and his personality was unique, lovable ami alto- Mountain Patriot," being edited by Samuel Goss, He displayed a prompt, gen who removed to Montpelier, Vt., in 1X07, and purgether charming. " erous and tactful sympathy and was noted for chased the Vermont Precursor," which he rehis many philanthropies. He was critical, yet just; named the "Watchman." With Mark Goss. a felfearless, yet considerate of others and honest to a low apprentice, young Walton bought the "Watch He was married at Bellevue, Ida., Dec. 4, man" in 1810, editing the paper until 1816, when fault. 1888, to .lennette, daughter of John Steen. a lum- he purchased Mr. Goss' interest, lie conducted it ber surveyor, of New Brunswick, Canada; she alone until his sons were old enough to form the survives him, with five children: Daniel Steen, firm name of E. P. Walton & Sons. In January, Frank Oakley, Arthur George, Lena Frances, wife 1826, the paper was renamed the "Vermont of Byron W. Tillotsnn, Beulah, Ore., ami Ina Watchman & State Gazette;" and on Dec. 13,

Mary

Fletcher.

19, 1916.

He

died in Portland, Ore., July

na

I

i.-i

Christi

tory of tended

ls;;(;,

New England

en the absorption of the "State Journal," it the "Vermont Watchman & State

became

TIIK

m; Journal," under which

name

NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA

still thrives, being Montpelier. He was connected with it editorially until a short time before his death. His most noteworthy undertaking was the publishing of "Walton's Vermont Register," a valuable compendium containing astronomical calculations by Zadoc Thompson (q.v.), of town and state officers and valuable lists statistics on the manufacturing industries of the S. Walton, state, which he and his brother, George issued for many years, beginning in 1818. He was

the oldest paper printed

it

in

Whig in politics and no man in Vermont worked harder or more effectively to build up the old Whig He party and its successor, the Republican party. was a member of the Council of Censors in 1825; and was a presidential elector in 1852, when the state cast its vote for Winfield Scott. He was the founder in 1807 of the Franklin Society, organized for the mutual benefit of the apprentices of the printng offices and other mechanical trades in He was a forceful and convincing Montpelier. writer and had a style peculiarly his own, which, with the vein of good common sense that pervaded it, gave him a high rank among the editors of the state. He was married April 28, 1811, to Prussia, daughter of Eliakim D. Persons of Montchildren: Eliakim Persons, pelier, and had eight Harriet Newell, who married H. R. Wing; George Samuel Nathaniel Chauncey, Porter, Parker, Moseley, Ezekiel Dodge and Mary, who married George Dewey. He died in Montpelier, Vt., Nov. a

27, 1855.

MINGLE, Harry

Bowers, lawyer and manu-

facturer, was born in Lock Haven, Pa., Apr. 18, 1876, son of Sampson Quiggle and Rosanna (Bowers) Mingle, of Holland Dutch descent. He

went from Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Pa., to the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduHe then studied law in New ated B. Sc. 1899. York, receiving his LL.B. degree from the New York Law School in 1902, and began practice in

New York

city,

specializing in

corporation

law.

Although closely connected with a number of important corporations and one of the most active

members of the New York bar, it was not until shortly after the United States entered the European war that he became a national figure. He had become interested in the Standard Aero Cora legal connecfirst from poration in 1916, tion and later through his realization of the great future of the aircraft industry. Believing that the day of commercial aerial transportation had armed, he undertook to develop the most practiHis airplane designers cable type of airplanes. were so successful that the U. S. war department adopted the Standard .1-1 military training airplane built by the Standard Aero Corporation, of which Mr. Mingle is now president, as the official training machine for the thousands of aviators soon to be in service on the battlefronts of Europe. Because of Mr. Mingle 's foresight, the Standard Aero Corporation was ready to start work immediately, anil in consequence, it received orders It is also fast for a large number of machines. developing other types of Hying machines for the As the result of his use of the United States. it was found necessary to greatly enlarge the plant and a factory was bought in Elizabeth, N. J., with a capacity of sixty airplanes weekly. Bordering on Staten Island sound, the plant covers eighty-six acres and is the largest airplane plant, where the machines are turned out There are complete, under one roof in America. six main buildings with a floor space of 175,000 In addition, field. sq. ft. and a sixty acre flying

activities in this regard,

corporation retained the Plainfield, N. .T., plant and owns five smaller plants in New Jersey and Connecticut, where parts of airplanes are made. More than 6,000 hands are employed, many being women, who are more suitable for handling the lighter work of this type. The entire output of the several plants is more than lot) airplanes per week, a development of less than six months, making theirs the largest output of any plant in America. Mr. Mingle early grasped the necessity for an organization of all aircraft, manufacturers, and through his instrumentality the Aircraft Manufacturers' Association, of which he Was the first president, was organized, and later merged with the Manufacturers Aircraft AssoThe orciation, of which he is now treasurer. ganization of this association was the link leading to the co-ordination of manufacturers, and has had a very far-reaching influence on the standardization of machines and parts, as well as settling by way of cross license agreements the his vexatious situation. Previous to patent entering the airplane industry, Mr. Mingle was president ami a director of the Central New York Water Co., and the Rochester and Lake Ontario Water Co., director of the Western New York Water Co., the West New York Improvement Co., the Liberty and Callicoon Railroad Corporation, the Great Eastern Investing Co., and the CranHe is general counsel ford Development Co. for Mitsui & Co., Ltd., the largest Japanese banking and commission house in the world. Mr. Mingle is a member of the Delta Ppsihm the of Philaclubs fraternity; University the Unidelphia and of Washington, I). C. versity of Pennsylvania Club of New York city, of which he has been secretary from 1899 to 1917 and is now its vice-president; the Graduates Club of New York, of which he is a former president; the Delta Upsilon Club of New York, of which he is vice-president; the General Alumni Society of the University of Pennsylvania, of which he is a director, and of the American Bar Association, the New York State Bar Association, the Essex County Country Club, Orange Lawn Tennis Club; the Japan Society, Lotos Club, the Pennsylvania Society, the Academy of Political Science of the City of New York, American Asiatic Association, and of several other associations. He was married June 2, 1906, to Millicent Brown, daughter of Richard J. Dyer of East tlic

;

Orange, N. J.

WEISS, Anton

Charles, journalist, was born Sheboygan Falls, Wis., Sept. 2d, 1862, son of John C. and Louisa (Fleischer) Weiss. His father, a native of Germany, came to America in 1848, and settled at Milwaukee, Wis. After a public at

school education, the son at the age of seventeen became, an apprentice in the printing office of the In 1881 he "Gazette," at Redwood Falls, Minn. took a position on the "Pioneer Press," St. Paul, Minn., and after a brief career in the circulation department became connected with the news department. In 1884 lie went to Duluth, Minn., as manager for the Northern Minnesota ami Wisconsin department of that newspaper, Duluth then being a frontier town of 9,000 population. In 1890 he purchased and became publisher of the Duluth "Herald," and has continued thus until the pies ent time (1918). His newspaper has been influential in stimulating the growth of the city, and its field of usefulness is the rapidly developing regions of Northern Michigan, Northern Wisconsin,

Northern Minnesota, North Dakota, and parts

of Canada.

In this territory the "Herald"

is

as

OP AMERICAN distinctive and has as commanding an influence as any great newspaper anywhere. During 18S7 1111 he served as alderman of Duluth, and also served for three years as a member of the board of prison managers of Minnesota, by appointment of Gov. John Lind. He has been a delegate to all state Democratic conventions, gatherings, etc., for more than a quarter of a century, and while never a candidate for office, has been requested repeatedly to accept the nomination for congressman, U. S. senator and governor of Minnesota. He was a delegate-at-large to the Democratic national convention at Denver in 1908, and delegate-at-large and chairman of the Minnesota delegation at the Baltimore covention of 1912. He was one of the earlv advocates in Minnesota of Woodrow Wilson for president, and he cast the entire Minnesoto vote of 47 ballots for Pres. Wilson at the last

named convention. During the ensuing campaign he was appointed member of the advisory board of the national committee for Minnesota. He was elected a director of the Associated Press in New York in 1910, and has been re-elected successively for the three year terms since then, his present In April, 1917, he was term expiring in 1920. appointed by Gov. J. A. A. Burnquist one of five members comprising the Minnesota Commission of Public Safety, with full and supreme powers under the constitution of the state, and authorized by an act of the legislature, to put in force such laws in the state of Minnesota as the war requirements of the nation deem expedient. He is a member of the Kitchie Ganimi, Northland Country, Duluth Curling, clubs.

Duluth

Boat

He was married

and

Duluth

Commercial

Oct. 5, 1887, to

Mary

D.,

BIOGRAPHY. had been

447 soma time, declined,

in ill-health for

say-

ing that in his condition a few minutes in the icy water would be fatal and that he might as weil stay where he was. Then the two men shook hands and said good-by, one to be rescued, the other to rest forever in the icy bosom of the Atlantic,

There were no heroics, there was neither faltering nor bluster just a cool, quiet, uncomplaining acceptance of death, worthy of the very best tradi tions of manhood". Mr. Loring was a member of the Automobile and Aero clubs of America, the Royal Automobile Club of England, the Ranelagh Club and the "Walton Heath Golf Club, Surrey, England. He was married at St. Paul's, Knights bridge, London, Dec. 21, 1904, to Henriette, daughter of Henri Wieniawski, the famous violinist and composer, and had two children: Frances Holland and Joan Holland Loring. The date of his death was April 14, 1912.

HUBBELL, William ventor,

was born

Wheeler, lawyer and

in Philadelphia, Pa.,

Mar.

in-

4, 1.821,

son of Truman Mallory ami Mary Ann (Flower) Hubbell, and a descendant of Richard Hubbell, a native of England, who settled in Connecticut in 1635; from him and his wife, Elizabeth Meigs, the line of descent is traced through their son, Richard, and his wife, Rebecca Morehouse; their son, Peter, and his wife, Katherine Wheeler; and their son, Silas, and his wife, Hannah (French) Wheeler, who were the grandparents of the subject of this sketch. His grandfather, Capt. Silas Hubbell, was a soldier in the revolutionary war. WilliamWlieeler Hubbell received a classical education in private schools. He was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1845 and as an attorney and counsellor of the supreme court of the United States, in 1850. Mr. Hubbell was identified with several notable patent cases. Early in his career he displayed unusual

daughter of Elijo O. Sherwin, of McMinnville, Tenu.; they have three children: John D., Mary L., and Louise E. Weiss. LORING, Joseph Holland, was born in New inventive talent. At the age of twenty he inYork city, March 18, 1882, son of Francis Lemoine vented the sectional draft pipe for locomotives On his which enabled them to burn coal. He was the and William-Anna (Holland) Loring. mother's side he was descended from the old Eng- original inventor of the automatic safety inexlish family of Hollan'S who were prominent in tinguishable time and impact explosive shell fuse. England as far back as the begiimmg of the thir- This invention was kept secret in the service and teenth century. The first of the family in America was not patented until Jan. 7, 1862, but was used was Capt. Michael Holland, who settled in Vir- in the U. S. Navy as early as 1843. They were ginia in 1688 and married Penelope, daughter of first used against the granite Bouge Forts in China, Both the Hollands and to opeu that empire to Western civilization and Col. William Coulebourne. the Coulebournes were prominent in the colonial commerce aud thousands of them were used during He also invented the safety, selfhistory of Yirginia and Maryland and took an the civil war. active part in the colonial and revolutionary wars, acting percussion fuse of rifle-cannon shells, J. Holland Loring was educated at the Berkely patented Jan. 24, 1860; which was also largely School in New Y'ork and subsequently studied the used in the civil war; the enclosed centre-primed violin in Prague, Bohemia, under Prof. Sevcik, ammunition and the breech-loading fire-arms to with the intention of adopting it professionally, use the same (in 1842), the metallic centre-primed After a time, however, he abandoned the idea and diffusible fire infantry ammunition which was entered business. At the time of his death he was adopted for the U. S. army (patented Feb. 18, connected with the firm of Rose, Van Cutsen & 1879) and a solar magnet aud a solar magnetHe was favored by ic engine. He proposed to the congress the Co., of London, England. birth and breeding, by travel ami culture, by per- "Goloid Dollar" of 1878, and also a metric standMr. Hubbell was the author of: sonality and charm, and the promise of a brilliant ard coinage. and successful career was suddenly ended by the "Remarks on (his) Fire Arms and Explosive foundering of the Titanic in the North Atlantic on Shells" (1844) "Description of (his) Solar Magher maiden voyage. The story of his death as told nctic Engine" (1850); "The Eight-Wheel Railliv In-, brother-in-law, George L. Rheims, of Paris, road Car Case" (1853) "The Way to Secure is dramatic in its simplicity. The two men dined Peace" (1863); "Productive Industry Deserves together on the night of the disaster and discussed, Just Compensation" (1873) and "Memorial I'pon among other things, the probable time of arrival Metric Coinage" (1880). lie was characterized by id' tic boat in New York. After the Titanic Struck an indomitable will, great industry, and kindness the iceberg they went leisurely Mr. Hubbell was a member of leek, saw the towards the poor. He was women and children loaded into the boats and then the Sons of the American Revolution. When the married in Philadelphia, Dec. 14, 1S48, to Elizabeth stood back quietly to await the end. vessel was sinking, Mr. Rheims suggested that Catharine, daughter of Paid Remley of Charleston, they jump before the final plunge or they would So. Car.; she died Oct. 19, 1916, ia her ninetybe sucked down in the vortex, but Mr, Loring, who seventh year; their living children are: Walter; ;

;

;

;

Till:

44S

NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA

Lawrence; Eleanor; Albert; Elizabeth and Paul his influence with young people, being frequently He received calls to Bubbell. With his brother Richard Henry Hubbell, called "Pastor of the City." he conducted a large stock farm and tobacco both Baltimore and San Francisco, but declined both in favor of Chicago, where he was pastor of plantation in Appomattox county, Va., where he In the Third Unitarian Church during 1874-77. died Nov. 6, 1902. BABCOCK. William Augustus, jurist, was Chicago he was associate editor of "Unity," and born at Shalersville, O.. Jan. 9, 1851, son of Ed- of "The Arena," published in Boston. A life long win Burroughs and Amelia Belinda (Crane) Bab- student and deep thinker, he made a close study of His first American ancestor was James the evolution of philosophy as a basis for read cock. Babeoek, a native of Essex, England, who emi- justing theological beliefs, erystalizing his views grated early in the seventeenth century and set- in "Our Heredity From God" (1886), followed, in 1800, by a small volume of discourses entitled tled in Rhode Island. The line of descent is traced "Liberty and Life." For six years he preached through his son John and his wife, Mary Lawton their son James and his wife, Content Hanson; to the Independent Religious Society, of Utica, His last, years were devoted to authorship their son James and his wife, Sarah Stanton; their N. Y. son Simon and his wife, Hannah Champlin, and and the management of his estate at Clinton and their son Simon and his wife, Sabina Tilden, who a winter home in Sorrento, Fla., which, with his were the grandparents of William Augustus Bab- children, he conducted successfully until his death. He was graduated at Hiram College in He wrote much about out-of-doors life and how to cock. 1873, at the Cleveland Law School in 1875, with make it popular, while as a preacher and writer on He began the practice of religious subjects he was far ahead of his time. the degree of LL.B. his profession in Cleveland, and soon came to be He contributed regularly to the New York "Indeknown as one of the most brilliant criminal pendent" and the St. Louis "Globe- Democrat," At the suggestion of Mayor and wrote occasionally for the "Christian Regislawyers in the city. Tom L. Johnson he was appointed assistant to ter," the "Unitarian," the "New England MagaSoon after he was zine," "Arena," "Forum," "Scribner's" and other the director of law in 1901. His "Nullification and Secession in olected judge of the common pleas bench, and periodicals. was twice re-elected. In 1897, when the ice trust the United States" (1897) is a valuable political lawyers, having lost their case before Judge Kin- history. His other publications are: "The Philoskade, of Toledo, succeeded in their efforts to ophy of History" (1893); "How I Cultivated the have the case retried in another jurisdiction, Beautiful and Made Money At It;" "The Judge Babcock was chosen. He upheld the Toledo Country Home" (1904); "The Orchard and Fruit judge in every particular a popular decision with Garden" (1905); "How to Live in the Country" the people. Laboring people, especially foreigners, (1910), and "Hedges, Windbreaks, Shelters and His advice and Live Fences" (1914). He was married at Sefound in him a stanch friend. his money were ever at their service, as he sympa- dalia, Mo., Aug. 4, 1875, to Lucy, daughter of Norshe died in thized with their struggles for political and man Maltby, a merchant of Sedalia economic freedom. He was a leader in the move- 1910. There are four surviving children: Phillips ment for judicial reform, and the rights of the Bayard, a fruit grower of Clinton; Maurice Stanmany were ever present in his mind when he ley, a manufacturer of Glen Ridge, N. J.; Herbert handed down a decision. He was a people's judge, Spencer, a manufacturer of Utica, N. Y., and who was true to his trust, safeguarding them from Gladys Powell. He died at Sorrento, Fla., Mav ;

;

the avarice of the ruthless money-mad spirit of He was an orator of no mean repute, the times. his services being constantly in demand, and he delivered many important memorial addresses, "The Life of Christ from the Lawyer's Standpoint," expounding the simplicity and democracy of Jesus, was a lecture he delivered at many Other lectures afterward printed different places. were on "The Life of Wagner," "The Lives of Goethe and Schiller," and several devoted to dis-

14, 1915.

CARLETON, Monroe

Guy, author, was born Le Roy, Genesee co., N. Y., July 25, 1833, son of Guy and Elizabeth (Nathan Payne) Carleton. His first paternal American ancestor was Edward Carleton, who came to this country from England at.

and settled at Rowley, Mass., about 1680 from him the line of descent is traced through his son Lieut. John; his son Edward; his son Edward; his son John; his son Kimball, who served in the His private library was revolutionary war, and his wife, Sarah Kingsbury; tinctly social questions. one of the best in the city, and during three trips and their son Jacob and his wife Lois Van Surto Europe he had acquired many paintings and daam, who were the grandparents of the subject The Carletons belonged to the other pieces of art, which he loved as he enjoyed of this sketch. nature. He was married at Columbus, O., Apr. 26, nobility of Gieat Britain. Sir Guy Carleton was 1892, to Arefa Charlotte, daughter of William A. governor-general of Canada, and commanded at New York in the interest of England. William Bryson, and died in Cleveland, June 2M, 1913. POWELL, Edward Payson, clergyman and Carleton was one of the Boston tea party; David author, was born at Clinton, N. Y., May 9, 1833, and Thomas Carleton were killed at the battle of His Bunker Hill; Col. Samuel Carleton was with Washson of John and Mary (Johnson) Powell. father, a native of Connecticut, was proprietor of a ington at Valley Forge; Lieut. Jeremiah Carleton Ebenezer Carledistillery until, under the influence of the temperance fought under Wolfe at Quebec movement, he tore down his gin mill and became ton was a member of Washington's life guards; a teetotaler. The son was graduated at Hamilton and Capt. Osgood Carleton, afterwards a noted College in 1853, second in his class, and after teacher of mathematics in Boston, was employed teaching for a year in charge of Clinton Academy, to transport millions of dollars between New Engentered Union Theological Seminary, and was land and Philadelphia. Monroe Guy Carleton was graduated in 1858. In the same year he was or- privately educated, entered the civil war as secdained to the ministry of the Congregational ond-lieutenant and was discharged as captain. church. He held pastorates at Deansboro, N. Y. For sixty-two years he was engaged in journalism. " Adrian, Mich. Chattanooga, Tenn., and Chicago, He was the author of "Carleton Genealogv III. At Adrian, he built up one of the largest (1896) and "Autobiography of a Disembodied churches in the state, and was especially noted for Soul" (1910). He was president of Grass Lake ;

;

;

;

JAMES

T

WHITE

WILLIAM A BABCOCK

t

OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. was an honorary member of the Michigan Authors' Association, and a member of the Masonic order and of the Grand Army of the Republic. His favorite pursuits were of a He was twice married: literary nature. (1) Apr. 15, 1865, to Frances .luline, daughter of Nelson .1. Smith, of Oskaloosa, la., and had three children, two of whom survive, Maud and Guy Smith Carleton. Mrs. Carleton died in 1879, and he was married (2) Jan. 1, 1893, to Mary Pauline, daughter of George G. Lord, a merchant of Grass Lake, Mich., and to them was born one child, Lois Delia Carleton. He died at Grass Lake, for two terms,

Mich., Feb. 22, 1918. in

BOOTH, Henry Prosper, shipowner, was born New York city, July 19, 18.'!6, son of Alfred and He

received his education in the city and at the Mechanics Institute. After a short term of employment with a firm of New York shipping mer-

Frances Booth. public

schools

of

New York

44!>

at Northwood, Logan CO., O., Dec. 5, 1S67, son of William and Isabella (McCracken) Milroy, and

grandson of James and Mary (McJerrow) Milroy, who came from Scotland and settled in Livingston County, N. Y., in 1819, His father was a clergyman of the Reformed Presbyterian Church and a president of Geneva College. The son was graduated at Ohio Northern University with the degree of B.S. in 1890 and at the University of Michigan with the degree of LL.B. in 1897. He began the practice of law in Toledo, 0., at first independently, but later as a

member

of the firm of Cole,

Whitlock & Milroy, which later became Whitlock. Milroy & Mallow," and still later Whitlock, Burtsfield & Milroy. He has practiced in both state and federal courts, and has been identified with a considerable part of the important litigation of the Mr. Milroy was prosecuting attorney of period. Lucas county, O., during 1913-14 and in 1915 was

elected mayor of Toledo. The basic idea in all his formed a partnership with Judge Ed- public work has been the elimination of boss conward Ward to engage in the ship brokerage busi- trol in city affairs. Bossism he believes to be the ness under the name of James E. Ward & Co. The most sinister of all the evil influences with which new firm quickly established for itself a leading our governments have to contend, and upon assumplace in shipping circles and eventually became ing office he resolved that, regardless of conseone of the biggest and most efficient steamship quences, he would conduct, the business affairs of companies in the country. In 1856 it established the city with no other consideration than the wela regular line of vessels between New York and fare of the people. He soon found that to get rid Havana, Cuba, and by 1875 the company had over of bossism in city affairs it was also necessary to In 1866 the first oppose and fight those private interests and orforty vessels in that service. steamship, the Cuba, was put on the Havana line ganisation which, under the cloak of civic activity, and this was soon followed by the steamship attempt to influence and control city affairs for It has been his policy Liberty and others of the most advanced type of their own private ends. construction. In 1880 the New York and Cuban therefore to prevent any one interest or organizaMail Steamship Co., popularly known as the Ward tion from having an undue influence in the govLine, was formed by Henry P. Booth and James ernment, but he has called into consultation repE. Ward to operate steamships between New York resentatives of all such interests, and thus no and various ports in Cuba and Mexico. Mr. Booth single interest has been permitted to dominate the became president of the company on the death city. His favorite diversions are hunting and fishof Mr. Ward in 1894, and retained that position ing. For a number of years he served as a trustee The itinerary of of Toledo University, and is a member of the until shortly before his death. He was married Oct. 12, 1904, to the fleet, was gradually extended until it included Country Club. the Bahamas and several ports in the Gulf and the Mary, daughter of Richard Hallaran, a grain merIn addition to the management of chant of Toledo, O., and has one child, a son, Caribbean. the Ward Line he was interested in the American Richard Hallaran Milroy. Mail Steamship Co., the Brunswick Dock and City CLAYPOOLE, James, jurist, was born in Improvement Co., the International Express Co., London, Eng., in 1634, son of John and Mary the- New Niquero Sugar Co., the Federal Insurance (Angell) Claypoole, and brother of John Claypoole, the son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He was Co., the United States and Porto Rico Navigation Co. of New York, tht Porto Rico Steamship Co., a merchant in London and early espoused the the Commercial Invejting Co. of Porto Rico, and beliefs of the Friends, or Quakers, and thereby Mr. Booth was, for became a follower of William Penn. He was the International Coal Co.

chants, he

nearly fifty years, the outstanding figure in the He was also business circles of New York city. one of the few whose courage and genius have saved to the United States something more than In the fifty the remnant of a merchant marine. years during which our once powerful merchant

marine almost disappeared from the seas, lie helped to build up a service of a few small wind-jammers into

a

magnificent fleet of iron steamships that

made

treasurer of the Society of Traders, a corporation organized to forward the business interests of the colony, and witnessed the signing of the tentative charter of privileges in London As early as June by the prospective settlers. 30, 1682, he sent his son John to this country to assist Surveyor Holmes in laying out the colony of Pennsylvania, before William Penn 's arrival. James Clavpoole and his family arrived in Phila

With Thomas Lloyd and compare favorably with anything that any other delphia Oct. S, 10X3. country in the world c:m show, lie was married in Robert Turner hi' became one of Mr. Penn 's hit 1867 to Angeline M., daughter of Seth Rowan, an commissioners of property, and on Mr. Penn V deEnglish merchant who came over from Sheffield, parture for England, in 1684, was one of those England, and settled in Xew Jersey. The tender whom he chose to present his farewell address. side of his nature was evidenced in his love for He was appointed an associate judge of the dogs and in his fondness for children and (lowers. colonial supreme court on Sept. 14, 1685, at the He was a. fine, judge of breeding in dogs, and time James Harrison was made chief justice. In always had five or six valuable specimens about 1686 he led the Philadelphia delegation in the his house. He was a member of the Manhattan assembly ami was recognized as one of the most and Colonial clubs and the Board of Trade and useful men in the colonial court. Mr. Clavpoole lie died in New York city, Jan. was married in Bremen, ling.. Feb. 12, 1658, to Transportation, Helen Merces, and died in Philadelphia, Pa., 16, 19(19. MILROY, Charles Martin, lawyer, was born A eg. 0. His?.

THE NATIONAL CYCLOPAEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. INDEX-VOLUME BENJAMIN. chant

ABBOTT, Howard S., lawyer, 17. commission ADAMS, Amos F chant.

mer

111).

urer, 189 merchant, 49. surgeon and eduP.,

AI.FURD, Alonzo, manufact

ALKER, Paul B., ALLEN, Dudley 165.

cator,

ALLEN,

W.

George

agriculturist,

II.,

190.

ALT. EN,

physician and

Peter,

ALLISON,

Henry

lumber

M..

BENNETT, G., capitalist. BENTLEY. Franklin R.. lawyer. 288. BERGEN, Paul D., missionary, RERGSTROM. George E., architect, 3fiS. John

3

1

BERMINGHAM, Thomas

merchant,

(.'...

ALRICHS, Peter, jurist. 396. Al.vnRD, John W., engineer, 48. Frederick J., engineer. 43 ANDERSON, Alden, horticulturist and banker, 178. ANDERSON, J. Hartley, physici; surgeon, 244. ANDERSON, Jefferson R., lawyer. 31. ANDREWS, George L., soldier, 419.

AMWEG,

CH, William

mer-

.

merchant, 310.

A.,

BURIANEK, John, Jr., banker, 393. BURKE. Alexander, manufacturer. 258. RCRNELL. George E., phllosoph nier and capitalist, 349. BURNETT. Wilbur E capitalist, 329. t

BURNHAM,

Jonathan

manufacturer.

L.,

228.

101.

founder

BEST, Marjorie A., drama league, 184.

of

the

BEYER, George, banker. 265. Frederick T.. surgeon, BICKNELL. T

sui

manufacturer,

W.,

David

XVI.

W illiam.

BILES,

BISHOP, Horace BISSELL. Joseph

BURNS, George W., educator. 361. BURNSIDE. Thomas, statesman jurist, 241.

1(',9.

jurist, 176. A., merchant, .110. B., physician. 159.

BURPEE, David, seed merchant, BWRPEE, Washington Atl< chant, 286. BURRIDGE, Lee S., inventor

BLACK. Frank S.. governor, 255. facturer, 63. BLACK. George R., soldier and lawyer, BURT, Andrew S., soldier. 31 22'.i. BURTON, George S., mere manufacturer, 159. RLACKMER, Lucian R., manufacturer, 103. BURTT, Joe B BLAIR. Walter, educator, 142

106.

K. Julius H., editor 1 u BLYTHE, Luclen H., civil engineer, 394. H

1

BUSHNELL BUSSING,

BOGERT, John L., engineer and inven- BUTTER1" ANDREWS, Lorenzo P., journal BUTTERS tor. 29. ARCHER Gleason L., educator, 289. W'alter L., musician, 49. BYRNES, ARENDELL, Falconer B., journalist, BOGERT, BOHM. Max, artK,, surgeor HIT. .

BOISSEVAIN, Inez former, 216. ;euben, lawyer, 234. Thomas J., William S., merchant and BULGER,

ARNOLD, Nason

ARNOLD,

manufacturer, 83. ATKINS, Edwin F

manufacturer and

,

capitalist. 52.

ATKIN

C, manufacturer, 189. INSON, Henry A., lawyer, 25. William

..

A.,

jurist.

G.

BABCOCK>4l:iuii:ili 238 BABCOCK,' Natb

music

A.,

Orville

rl

'.

171.

RAKER.

BALL. Henry .

engineer,

Jabez A

,

and

irnallst

uude.

fire

.

BRAYTON, Charles 351. BRET

aud

soldier

R.,

poll-

.

S.,

inventor. 281.

and

capl-

M..

soldier

and

II.,

underwriter,

nt

I

no

cap! alist,

S.,

capi-

talist

Edward, educator and au

.1.

3,

physician

!'..

BREWSTER-,

Henry

BREWSTER,

James

William

1

bar:

i]

Darwin

i..

BARKER, i-\l.

P

i.e. li,.

Bin BRI

educati

L.,

am

William D.

::.

merchant merchant, 43.

it.

>v\

350.

CAREY.

CI

and banker.

'

160

engl leer,

I

nge

36.

BAR1

w

in

'

K..

ei

I

physician ami

.

i'..

265.

16.

rchai K, mini-

J r

"'in

HER,

Andrew

1ILFUSS Al'.

iVH

Willis !
., lawyer

44.1.

leer.

and

Idier

photographer,

II.

m

lergyman, 279.

imuel

ipltallst

Frederick,

oah SfJl??/' "A'l'hL. Howard A D Willi

124

jurist, 172.

K:v

'.vst.

physi.

i

320 merchanl and

1

John

f

manufacturer, lawyer. 122.

(

broker, 21. I. !;.

and

.

tMAN, James,

i

222.

engl

lawyer

A.,

B.,

Lawrence,

,

!

iter,

I'll.

,

\- .,J'

',

patron, 102. i

N

",!

-

i

112.

author 273

,,

homas

1

.icy

I

F..

|

civil

II..

caDl "

239.

or,

and philanthropisi

Anna

-

lawyer. 72.

B.,

William

hanker. 217 journalist and

Fletcher, W.,

Charles

'

v

^7.

and

,

Fred

i

N,

I

I'ro'rl'loi'

8.

:Y.

^'ll'am

-

V.

rrl.IwS"?' Alexander men hant,

gj

A,,

:

,

invenl

95.

\\'

AA ]:{

.'.

philai '

I

;

96.

FENN, Augustus

uralnerd-

ai

Mormon

M.,

'

talist

Geraldine. j'AKKAl,. 1

sur-

of

,

the

of

capital!

Alb,

KENNEDY,

308.

M.

80.

in,

MACKAY,

lawyer. 174. 170

L,

lam yer,

thro

merchant, 285.

b

C.

I:

I

autho grain expert, 414. ider,.

t

17.

\\

and under-

soldic*

KINSEY. John, jurist.'. rTREDGE, Al

VIN, Francis, banker, o4.

MaTHEWS.

Hi

Thomas

l( ii,

I.OM. John

I

me,

2

Factum-,

I


i

Donald, financier, 429. Leon, merchant and philan-

MARBLE, John II.. lawyer. 250. MARION, Horace E., physician and

Tohn,

Charles

edu-

I

iurlsl

.

KENNEDY, Thomas lis. KENYON. James B., KETTLES, Robert P.; KIMBALL, Hebei

I-

F.

134.

!:..

KENNEDY

6

LYSTER, Henry

34

.

KEENE, David, KELLY, George T.. KELLY, Harry KENDALL, Davit KENNEDY, Edwin

John

RN,

J

and

.

i I

t

82.

'

I

KRAUSE. Rudolph lumberman, KRESS, G

400. R.,

162.

.

'..

HUNT, Ridgelr, naval officer, 193. HUSTON Charles, jurist, 245. HUTCHIN; B., educator, 371. HUTCHINSON. Elizabeth P., rei IIUTTON. Frederick

A., soldier. 419. .

cate

write,

343.

pert,

merchant and

ii..

NDES, Stanley 11 m NGTON, Kramls H., D

LYONS,

250.

12:,.

B., capitallsl F., ins,

147.

LYMAN, Arthur T., merchant and manufacturer. 154. LYNCH, Thomas, merchant, 88.

lawyer, 79.

I...

linker.

i:

KINNE,

ventor. 447.

HUFF. Lloyd

si

DeLancej H

LUND. Anthon II.. historian Mormon Church. 13.

420, 51.

.

Frederick

KING. Frank

HOWARD, Timothj K iiilist. 441. HUBBARD, Elbert, author am Usher. 415 HDBBELL, William W., lawyer and

22t

in,

i

surgeon, -

n

i

Adrian, jurist and, banker

KAHLE,

KAIIN. Otto

332. '

la.

','7.

K.

i

HILTON. HIMES. George 11.. HINSON, hai lee w

K,

rgj

i

K.,

LOVELAND, Wit 112. LOVERING. Leonard

27.

.11

i

,

JONES, JUNKS,

DERBAI

thn 432.

-

ge

i

McKAY,

ph

H.,

soldier

Horace,

;

nd

120. I

gineer.

J'-'-'

KUICRLING,

1

Emil, engineer, 66

lur

I.

L.

IAUKEA,

Curtis I

ILLOWAY,

P.,

R.,

Orrin

manufactui

II.

financier, 278.

IRVINE

William

M..

and

clergyman

educator. 83. I

VI

iu-er.

t

sur-

l

merchant, 120.

I,

\.\li

.lames.

IREA1

M.,

lawyer.

MacMECHEN, tlcal

379.

William J, insurance, 327. Charles J., capita ist. 31 LANGHORNE. Jeremiah, jurist. 176.

LARNED, Josepttus N.. librarian, LAUGHLIN, Homer, manufacturer, ohn LAW1 9f LAWRENCE. Samuel ('.. mauul.i

. '

iticlan, 373. ~~Charl y

tor

i

and

fjib-

,144.

251.

,

.

128.

tCKSi

'

I

physician and