The Logic of Markedness 0195103947

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The Logic of Markedness

The Logic of Markedness

EDWIN

L. BATTISTELLA

New York Oxrorp

UNIveERsiry

Oxford Press

Oxford University Press Oxford

New York

Athens

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Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan

Copyright © 1996 by Edwin L. Battistella Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016

Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Battistella, Edwin L. The logic of markedness / Edwin L. Battistella. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-510394-7

1. Markedness (Linguistics), 2. Chomsky, Noam—Contributions markedness. 3. Jakobson, Roman, 1896— —Contributions in markedness. I. Title. P299.M35B37 415—dc20

1996

96-18869

SVP tiSanp Cesy 92 3

Printed in the United States of America

on acid-free paper

in

Acknowledgments

I am indebted to the National Endowment for the Humanities for providing me with a Fellowship for College Teachers, which enabled me to complete the research and writing of this book. An Instructional Im-

provement Grant from Wayne State College also provided valuable resources for this project at a crucial stage. Some of the research here was presented in very preliminary form at the Vilém Mathesius Workshop on Linguistics held in the Czech Republic in April of 1993 (funded by the Soros Foundation), and I benefited from the feedback of the other participants. Preliminary versions of some

of the ideas presented here appeared as an article titled “Jakobson and Chomsky on Markedness” in the Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague

(Battistella 1995). Catherine Chvany and Michael Shapiro provided helpful comments on an earlier draft, and I thank them as well.

I gratefully acknowledge the Roman Jakobson Trust for permission to cite materials from Jakobson’s Russian and Slavic Grammar Studies 193 11981, edited by Linda R. Waugh and Morris Halle (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1984), and The Framework of Language (Ann Arbor: Michigan Studies in the Humanities, 1980); and from Jakobson and Pomorska’s

Dialogues with Krystyna Pomorska (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1983).

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