The Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile 9780866982788, 0866982787

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The Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile

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MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE TEXTS AND STUDIES VoLUME

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236

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The Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile

Translated with an Introduction and Notes

by

Joseph F. O'Callaghan

Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Tempe, Arizona 2002

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The publication of this volume has been greatly assisted by a grant from the Programfor Cultural Cooperation between Spain's Ministry of Culture and the United States Universities.

Dust jacket image: The Effigy of Fernando III on his Tomb erected in the Cathedral of Seville by his Son Alfonso X. Cantigas de Santa Maria, F 10 (E 292). Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale, MS Banco Rari 20. By permission of Edilan-Ars Libri, Madrid.

© Copyright 2002 Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State University

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

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Chronica latina regum Castellae. English. The Latin chronicle of the kings of Castile / translated with an introduction and notes by Joseph F. O'Callaghan. p. cm. - (Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies (Series) ; v. 236) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-86698-278- 7 (alk. paper) 1. Castile (Spain)-History. I. O'Callaghan,Joseph F. II. Title. III. Series. DP134.8.C3713 2001 946 '.3-dc21 2001022435

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This book is made to last. It is set in Bembo, smythe-sewn and printed on acid-free paper to library specifications.

Printed in the United States of America

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For Michael, Megan, Thomas Ronan & Peter

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Contents Genealogical Tables Kings of Leon, Castile, and Portugal in the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Centuries Kings of Aragon and Navarre and the Counts of Barcelona The Almohad Caliphs

x1 xii xm

Maps Spain at the Death of Fernando I, 1065 Spain at the Death of Alfonso VIII, 1214 Spain at the Death of Fernando III, 1252

xiv xv xvi

Preface

xvu

Introduction Castile and Leon in the Twelfth and Thirteenth The Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile

xix xx xxv1

The Latin Chronicle

Centuries

of the Kings of Castile

I. FROM COUNT FERNAN GONZALEZ TO KING SANCHO III (923-1158) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

T~e Genealogy of the Counts of Castile (923-1065) Alfonso VI, King of Leon-Castile (1065-1109) Urraca, Queen of Leon-Castile (1109-1126) Alfonso I, King of Aragon (1104-1134) Alfonso VII, Emperor of Spain and King of Leon-Castile (1126-1157) Vil

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1 3 7 8 11

I

CONTENTS 6. 7. 8.

13 15 16

The Coming of the Almohads Alfonso VII's Separation of Castile and Leon Sancho III, King of Castile (1157-1158)

II. THE REIGN OF ALFONSO VIII, KING OF CASTILE (1158-1214)

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

The Minority of Alfonso VIII The Majority and Early Campaigns of Alfonso VIII Alfonso IX, King of Leon (1188-1230) Preparations for the Battle of Alarcos The Battle of Alarcos, 19 July 1195 Alfonso IX of Leon makes War against Castile King Pedro II of Aragon allies with Castile Alfonso VIII and Sancho VII of Navarre Alfonso VIII in Gascony Infante Fernando and the War with the Moors The Fall of Salvatierra, September 1211 The Death of Infante Fernando Gathering of Crusaders in Toledo The Advance to the Puerto del Muradal A Shepherd reveals a Passage through the Mountains The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, 16 July 1212 The Advance to Ubeda and Baeza The Capture of Alcantara and the Siege of Baeza The Battle of Muret and the Death of Pedro II, 1213 The Death of Alfonso VIII and Queen Leonor, 1214 The Crusade of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa The Third and Fourth Crusades. The Fourth Lateran Council

17 19 22 24 26 28 30 33 34 36 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 54 57 59 62 64

Ill. THE REIGN OF FERNANDO III, KING OF CASTILE-LEON {1217-1252)

68 70

31. Enrique I, King of Castile (1214-1217) 32. The Civil War and the Death of Enrique I viii

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CONTENTS 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.

Fernando III is summoned from Leon Alfonso IX invades the Kingdom of Castile The Acclamation of Fernando III at Valladolid The Withdrawal of Alfonso IX of Leon The Burial of Enrique I at Las Huelgas de Burgos The Suppression of Count Alvaro's Rebellion The Deaths of Count Alvaro and Count Fernando The Marriage of Fernando III and Beatriz of Swabia The Rebels: Rodrigo Diaz de los Cameros and Gonzalo Perez de Molina The Marriage of King John of Jerusalem and the Princess Berenguela Fernando III proposes to go to War against the Moors Queen Berenguela's Response. Preparations for War against the Saracens Civil War among the Almohads in Morocco and Spain Fernando III attacks Quesada, Priego and Loja The Castilians and the King of Baeza campaign in Andalucia Fernando III requires the King of Baeza to yield Salvatierra, Burgalimar, and Capilla The Siege of Capilla and the Murder of the King of Baeza The Fall of Capilla. Unsuccessful Campaigns of the Kings of Portugal and Leon Louis VIII, King of France, attacks the Albigensian Heretics The Submission of the Count of Toulouse to Louis IX and Blanche of Castile The Rebellion of Ibn Hud of Murcia against the Almohads The Mission of Cardinal Jean d'Abbeville, 1228-1229 Jaime I of Aragon and the Conquest of Mallorca, 1229 Alfonso IX of Leon triumphs over Ibn Hud at Alange The Occupation of Elvas by the Portuguese The Crusade of Emperor Frederick II to the Holy Land, 1228 The Papal Army invades Frederick II's Territory in Apulia ix

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74 75 76 78 79 80 83 84 86 87 88 90 92 94 96 97 99 101 103 104 106 108 110 112 113 114 116

CONTENTS 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

The Death of Alfonso IX of Leon Fernando III becomes King of Leon Fernando III pacifies Galicia and Asturias Fernando III conducts Business in Burgos The Fall of Ubeda, Borriana, and Trujillo, 1233 The Revolt of Lope Diaz de Haro and Alvar Perez The End of the Revolt of Alvar Perez and Lope Diaz The Truce between Fernando III and Ibn Hud The Revolt of the Romans against Pope Gregory IX The Christians break into the City of Cordoba Fernando III hastens to aid the Christians in Cordoba Fernando III directs the Siege of Cordoba Negotiations for the Surrender of Cordoba The Christians take Possession of Cordoba Provision for the Defense and Settlement of Cordoba Fernando III leaves Toledo for Burgos

145

Select Bibliography

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Stemma 1 KINGS OF LE6N, IN THE ELEVENTH,

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