The importance of the home and family in the promotion of delinquency

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THE IMPORTANCE OP THE HOME AND FAMILY IN THE PROMOTION OP DELINQUENCY

A T h e s is P re s e n te d to th e F a c u lty o f

th e S c h o o l o f E d u c a tio n

th e U n iv e rs ity of

S o u th e rn C a li f o r n i a

In P a r tia l F u lfillm e n t o f th e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r

th e D eg ree

M a ste r o f S c ie n c e in E d u c a tio n

by L o u is B lu e S h a p iro June

1950

UMI Number: EP46057

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is d ep en d en t upon th e quality of th e copy subm itted. In the unlikely ev en t th at the author did not send a com plete m anuscript and th ere are missing p ag es, th e se will be noted. Also, if material had to be rem oved, a note will indicate th e deletion.

Dissertation Publishing

UMI EP46057 Published by ProQ uest LLC (2014). Copyright in th e Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © P roQ uest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected ag ain st unauthorized copying under Title 17, United S ta te s C ode

P roQ uest LLC. 789 E ast Eisenhow er Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 -1 3 4 6

£ «i

‘so $

Pr

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TAij p r o je c t report, w ri tt en un der the direction o f the candidate’s ad v is e r a n d a p p r o v e d by him, has been p res en te d to an d a c c e p te d by the F ac u lt y of the S c h o o l of E du c at io n in p a r t i a l fu lfillment of the requirements f o r the d e g re e of M a s t e r of Science in Education. D a te ,

I

................

Adviser

p . 9 7 .

6 in a l s .

W. H e a l y a n d A. F . B r o n n e r , D e l i n q u e n t s a n d C r i m ­ New Y o r k : M a c m i l l a n C om pany, 1 9 2 6 , p . 1 2 5 .

a n d B o s t o n came f r o m h o m es i n w h i c h t h e r e w a s p o o r d i s c i p l i n e . 7 The G - l u e c k 's

f o u n d u n s o u n d d i s c i p l i n e m eth o d s

i n a b o u t s e v e n t y p e r c e n t o f t h e c h i l d h o o d h o m es o f d e l i n quent c h ild re n ,

a n d so d i d B u r t .

d lin g in c o n s is te n c y ,

ity

to d i s c i p l i n e

tO v e rin d u lg e n c e , cod­

o v e r - s t r i c t n e s s and o v e r - l a x i t y a re

e x a m p le s o f b a d d i s c i p l i n e . u n e d u c a te d p a r e n t s

8

N e u ro tic s,

f e e b l e m in d e d o r

a re l i k e l y to be d e f i c i e n t in c h ild re n .

O th e r e le m e n ts o f in a d e q u a te hom es. d ru g a d d ic tio n , o m ic i n s e c u r i t y ,

v ic e ,

c rim in a l b e h a v io r in

p o v e rty , poor h o u sin g ,

D ru n k en n ess, t h e h o m e, e c o n ­

o v e r-c ro w d in g ,

s u f f i c i e n t p o c k e t m oney, l a c k o f p r o p e r d i e t , in s u f f ic ie n t c lo th in g ,

fo u n d p a r e n ts f a u l t y

g in g ,

in tr a in in g t h e i r

la c k of s u p e rv isio n ,

o v e r-s o lic ito u sn e ss ,

e d u c a tio n ,

in - ^

la c k of to y s,

and in a d e q u a te p e r s o n a l p r o p e r t y can

a l l le a d to d e lin q u e n c y . o B o g ard u s, in a survey of b o y s' l i f e

bad te m p e r,

th e a b i l ­

c h ild re n because of

in fle x ib le

u n ju s t tre a tm e n t,

a llo w in g c h ild r e n

in Los A n g e le s,

a ttitu d e s , nag­ im p ro p e r sex

t o o m any p r i v i l e g e s ,

and b e in g

to o busy to b o t h e r . 7

S . a n d E . G l u e c k , $ 0 0 C r i m i n a l Ca r e e r s . A. A. K n o p f C om pany, 1 9 2 0 , p . 1 1 9 .

8

New Y o r k :

C y r i l B u r t , The Y oung D e l i n q u e n t . L o n d o n s K e n t, U n i v e r s i t y o f London P r e s s , 1 9 2 $ , PP . 9 2 - 9 $ .

B u c k le y

^ E . S . B o g a r d u s , The C i t y Boy a n d * H i s P r o b l e m s . A n g e le s: H o u se o f R a l s t o n p r i n t e r s , 1 9 2 6 , C h a p t e r I I .

Los

CHAPTER I I I THE CASE OP H. S . S . A d m i s s i o n su m m a ry *

The f o l l o w i n g r e c o r d o f o f ­

f e n s e s a p p e a r s o n t h e a d m i s s i o n sum m ary o f H. S . S . : D ecem b er,

C iv il C o u rt. Im p e rso n a tin g se rv ic e m a n . R e le a se d to p a r ­ e n ts .

1914-5

A p ril,

191*6

C i v il C o u rt. V agrancy, le a s e d to p a r e n ts .

A p ril,

19k-6

C i v i l C o u rt* p ro b a tio n .

T h e ft.

Re-

S i x m o n th s

N o v em b er ll*., i 9l4.fi

C o u r t 's M a r tia l. a p e tty o f f ic e r. w a rn in g .

Im p e rso n a tin g R e c e iv e d

F e b r u a r y , 1914-9

C iv il C o u rt. P e tty th e f t. P in e d $ 5 0 .0 0 o r 50 d a y s . Due to i n a b i l i t y to pay se n te n c e w as s u s p e n d e d a n d w as r e l e a s e d to n a v a l a u t h o r i t i e s .

S e p t e m b e r 9» 19i*-9

W ent A. W. 0 . L . f r o m P o r t Hueneme s i n c e D e c e m b e r 2 , I 9I4 8. Was d e l i v e r e d t o n a v a l s t a t i o n a t A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M ., F e b r u a r y

8 , 1 9k9.

F a m ily h i s t o r y . as g iv e n in

th e fa m ily h i s t o r y

t h e r e c o r d s o f H. S . S . :

F a th e r:

U nknow n.

Mo t h e r :

U nknow n.

F o ste r F a th e r: U ta h ,

The f o l l o w i n g i s

L. B. S .,

P r o t e s t a n t by r e l i g i o n ,

a g e I4.2 , i s

a n a tiv e of

w ith no c h u rc h a t t e n d a n c e .

8 H is e d u c a tio n i s unknow n. and i s

in good h e a l t h P o s t e r M o th e r:

husband,

is

He i s

e m p lo y ed a s a t r u c k d r i v e r ,

a t th e p r e s e n t tim e . A. P .

S .,

age 3 8 , r e s id e n c e

a n a tiv e o f P e n n sy lv a n ia ,

w ith no c h u rc h a tte n d a n c e .

sam e a s

P ro te s ta n t by r e lig io n

H er e d u c a tio n i s unknown.

She

w as o n c e a n u r s e b u t d ue t o a b a d h e a r t g a v e u p t h i s w o rk t o b e co m e a h o u s e w i f e . S ib lin g s:

S u b je c t i s

o n ly c h i l d o f h i s p a r e n t s and

h a s no o th e r b r o t h e r s o r s i s t e r s . P a r e n t a l Home: e n ts , area.

The s u b j e c t h a s n e v e r kn o w n h i s p a r ­

and h as b een r e a r e d

in and a ro u n d th e Los A n g eles

He s t a t e w h i s f o s t e r f a t h e r i s

and h a s b een in th e

p a s t e m p lo y ed a s a t r u c k d r i v e r and e a r n e d a f a i r

in co m e.

T h e y h a v e n e v e r ow ned t h e i r own h o m e, a n d h a v e l i v e d c o lo r e d d i s t r i c t o f Los A n g e le s and H u n tin g to n P a r k . fe e ls

in th e He

th a t h is f o s t e r f a th e r has been v e ry se v ere in pun­

i s h i n g h im .

He s t a t e s

t h a t h e w a s o f t e n w h i p p e d on t h e

back o f h is hand w ith a r a z o r s t r a p .

As a c h i l d h e w as a

m em ber o f c o l o r e d a n d M e x i c a n g a n g s .

He f e e l s

a l o n g b e t t e r w i t h th e m t h a n w i t h t h e it.

’’w h i t e s " a s h e p u t s

He a d m i t t e d r u n n i n g aw ay f r o m home q u i t e o f t e n . P erso n al h i s t o r y .

age.

t h a t he g e ts

The s u b j e c t i s

tw e n ty y e a r s o f

I s P r o t e s t a n t by r e l i g i o n , w ith r e g u la r a tte n d a n c e ,

and h a s c o m p le te d a n i n t h g ra d e e d u c a tio n .

He r a n away

9 f r o m home a t t h e

age o f s i x t e e n .

T h is t e r m i n a t e d h i s f o r m a l

e d u c a tio n .

He a d m i t s h a v i n g b e e n r e t a r d e d i n t h e f i f t h

grad e;

in th e

a lso

p e rp e tu a lly , sio n s,

s e v e n th and n i n t h g r a d e s .

He w a s a b s e n t

a n d w as e x p e l l e d f r o m s c h o o l on s e v e r a l o c c a ­

and h i s

g r a d e s w e re b e l o w a v e r a g e .

ITe w as c o n s t a n t l y

in tro u b le w ith h is

te a c h e r,

th e o th e r

e x c e p t w h en h e p a r t i c i p a t e d i n s p o r t s

stu d e n ts ,

w i t h th em .

and n e v e r g o t a lo n g w e l l w ith

He q u i t s c h o o l o n s e v e r a l o c c a s i o n s ,

t i m e w h en h e w a s a b o u t f o u r t e e n y e a r s o f a g e . a b o u t t h a t tim e , a g a in . th e ft,

He t r a v e l l e d

and a f t e r b e in g a p p re h e n d e d s t a r t e d

school

L e a v i n g s c h o o l a g a i n , h e w as s o o n p i c k e d u p f o r a n d w as g i v e n t h e

c h o ic e o f e i t h e r

o r g o in g to w ork on a r o a d g a n g . was a s s i g n e d to

th e f i r e

a lc o h o lic ,

and

H is m ost s i g n i f i c a n t c i v i l i a n th e

sta te

fo re s try de­

The s u b j e c t a d m i t t e d h e i s

and t h a t he u s e s b e n z e d r in e , m a r iju a n a ,

c a in e r e g u la r ly .

th e navy

He c h o s e t h e f o r m e r ,

jo b had b een t h a t o f a fire m a n f o r p a rtm e n t o f C a li f o r n ia .

jo in in g

d e p a rtm e n t a t one o f th e b a s e s .

He w as s e n t o v e r s e a s l a t e r .

d a ily ,

th e f i r s t

a c h ro n ic and c o ­

He s m o k e s tw o p a c k a g e s o f c i g a r e t t e s

and d e n i e s e v e r h a v in g h a d a n y k in d o f a v e n e r e a l

d ise a se .

The s u b j e c t s t a t e s h e u s e d a l l

d ru g s a l l

th e

th e above m e n tio n e d

t i m e t h a t he w a s e m p l o y e d a s a v i o l i n i s t w i t h

a c o l o r e d o r c h e s t r a i n t h e d o w n to w n s e c t i o n o f t h e c i t y o f Los A n g e le s,

C a lifo rn ia .

He s t a t e s

t h a t he had b een m a rrie d

10 t o a M ex ican g i r l

in

T i j u a n a , M ex ico ,

and t h a t he h ad l iv e d

w i t h h e r f o r e i g h t m o n th s i n 194-7* a n d h a d t h e n s e p a r a t e d . He h a s n e i t h e r h e a r d f r o m , n o r s e e n h e r s i n c e . r e a tio n a l i n t e r e s t s are c o n f i n e d h e w o u ld l i k e sin g le

H is r e c ­

l e a t h e r w o rk a n d r e a d i n g .

W h il e

t o be em p lo y ed m ak in g s w a b s .

He i s

and c la im s no g i r l f r i e n d . P s y c h ia tric r e p o r t.

T h is in d iv i d u a l

w e l l d e v e l o p e d , b ro w n h a i r e d , w h i t e p e r s o n ,

is

a la rg e ,

tw e n ty y e a r s

o f a g e , who a p p e a r s d u l l n o r m a l i n i n t e l l i g e n c e .

He h a s

a l w a y s h a d m uch r e s e n t m e n t a g a i n s t h i s f o s t e r p a r e n t s , re siste d

th e ir

c o n flic ts,

a u th o rity .

on o t h e r s .

T here a r e d e e p - s e a t e d e m o tio n a l

p a rtic u la rly re la te d

to d rin k in g e x c e s s iv e ly , He i s

and

to h i s p a r e n t s .

He a d m i t s

and te n d s t o p r o j e c t d i f f i c u l t i e s

a ra th e r se c lu siv e ,

se n sitiv e ,

and i n t r o ­

s p e c t i v e i n d i v i d u a l w h o se p a t t e r n h a s b e e n t o r u n aw ay f r o m p ro b le m s r a t h e r t h a n f a c e th e m . h a llu c in a te d ,

He i s

p reo c cu p ie d in d iv id u a l.

no r e a l k n o w le d g e o f h i s p a r e n t s , any b r o t h e r s o r s i s t e r s .

a w ith d ra w n , a p a t h e t i c S u b je c t s t a t e s he h as

a n d d o e s n o t t h i n k he h a s

He w a s t a k e n i n b y t h e f o s t e r p a r ­

e n t s w hen h e w as o n e y e a r o f a g e .

He s t a t e s t h a t home c o n ­

d i t i o n s w ere goo d and t h a t t h e r e w ere n e v e r any m ark ed f i ­ n a n c ia l d i f f i c u lt i e s . he lik e d

As a c h i l d h e h a d d i f f i c u l t y b e c a u s e

to a s s o c ia te w ith o th e r boys,

and u s u a l l y g o t i n t o

m i s c h i e f w hen t h e y d i d , w h i c h m ade i t n e c e s s a r y f o r f o s t e r

11 p a r e n t s t o come t o h i s c o n s t a n t a i d . on f r e q u e n t o c c a s i o n s , up a s a v a g r a n t ,

He r a n aw ay f r o m home

a s h a s a l r e a d y b e e n s t a t e d , was p i c k e d

a n d f o r i m p e r s o n a t i n g a s e r v i c e m an , a l s o

f o r h a v in g fo rg e d p a p e rs on h i s p e rs o n , ja ile d

sev eral

a n d w as a s a r e s u l t

tim e s f o r h i s a c t i v i t i e s .

In each in sta n c e

h i s f o s t e r f a t h e r came a n d g o t h i m o u t o f j a i l , h im h o m e .

and to o k

He n e v e r h a d a, s t e a d y j o b a n d j o i n e d t h e n a v y

to a v o id g o in g i n t o

a road gang.

He h a d h i s f i r s t

c o u r t 's

m a r t i a l i n I 9I4-6 a s a r e s u l t o f b e i n g a b s e n t f o r t w e n t y - n i n e days over h is le a v e

le a v e .

H i s s e c o n d o f f e n s e w as d u e t o a n o v e r

o f a b se n c e o f s i x t y - e i g h t d a y s , d u r in g w h ic h p e r i o d

h e h a d s t o l e n some c l o t h i n g a n d w r i t t e n b a d c h e c k s . F or re a so n s he cannot e x p la in ,

th e s u b j e c t h a s a lw a y s

h a d m uch r e s e n t m e n t a g a i n s t h i s f o s t e r p a r e n t s f o r t h e i r a u th o rity over h is p erso n .

He c i t e s

a s a n e x a m p l e t h a t w hen

h e r e t u r n e d home f r o m o v e r s e a s h e h a d a v i o l e n t q u a r r e l w i t h h is p a re n ts

a n d s u b s e q u e n t l y l e f t home b e c a u s e t h e y h a d

p l a n n e d h i s w h o le l i b e r t y p e r i o d f o r h i m .

T h is he so r e ­

se n te d

He s t a t e s

th a t

ta k e th in g s ,

p er­

th a t he l e f t

from e a r l y

in a s ta te

of re v o lt.

c h ild h o o d he had a d e s i r e to

h a p s t o p r o v e t h a t h e c o u l d g e t aw ay w i t h in to

t r o u b l e h e w as im m e d ia te ly a i d e d .

it,

b u t i f he g o t

T h i s , h e s a i d , made

i t d i f f i c u l t f o r h i m t o w o r k o u t a s o l u t i o n o n h i s own. Today, he s a y s ,

i f h e w a n ts so m e th in g h e u s u a l l y g o e s th ro u g h

12 w ith i t .

He s a y s h e l i k e s

to p ro v e

to h i m s e l f t h a t he c a n

ta k e h a rd k n o ck s. He h a s h e a r d r u m o r s t h a t h i s f o s t e r p a r e n t s h a v e in fo rm a tio n about h is r e a l p a re n ts , t h a t t h e y h a v e n e v e r t o l d h im t h e

and r e s e n t s

tru th

th e f a c t

a b o u t th e m .

s a i d t h a t h i s f o s t e r p a r e n t s h a d o n c e t o l d h im t h a t m o th e r h a d b e e n a p r o s t i t u t e , m a rrie d

to h i s f a t h e r .

is

a t th is

t o know t h e

th is

and t h a t she had n e v e r b e e n

T h i s made h im a n i l l e g i t i m a t e

He h a s , h o w e v e r , n e v e r b e e n a b l e s ta te s

S u b je c t

to v e r i f y

c h ild .

th e s e f a c t s .

He

tim e t h a t he o n l y w a n ts one t h i n g and t h a t id e n tity of h is p a re n ts.

v ie w t h e r e w as a d e f i n i t e

D u rin g th e

in te r­

f e e lin g o f d e p re ss io n e v id e n t.

P ro g n o sis f o r f u r t h e r s e r v ic e i s p o o r b e c a u se o f h i s

sc h iz ­

o id p e r s o n a lity . P sy c h o lo g ic a l e v a lu a tio n .

The R o r s c h a c h p r o t o c o l

i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h i s w as a m a r k e d l y i n t r o v e r t e d i n d i v i d u a l w ith m e n ta l c o n te n t a lm o s t o b s e s s iv e ly l i m i t e d sex u al ru m in a tio n s .

to r e p r e s s e d

He m a n i f e s t e d m a r k e d h o m o s e x u a l t r e n d s ,

w i t h m any g u i l t f e e l i n g s a n d a s s o c i a t e d a n x i e t y r e a c t i o n s . H i s t h o u g h t c o n t e n t w as s t e r e o t y p e d .

He s e e m s t o b e m a k i n g .

a p o p u l a r l e v e l a d ju s tm e n t w ith no s ig n o f o r i g i n a l i t y o r c re a tiv e n e ss.

A s e rio u s p sy c h o p a th ic

of a l l c o lo r resp o n ses o r r e a c tiv ity , fla tte n in g of e ffe c t,

s i g n w as t h e a b s e n c e s u g g e s t i n g a m arked

w i t h o m in o u s i m p l i c a t i o n s ,

due t o h i s

13 in a b ility

to r e le a s e h is

e m o tio n s.

T h is m ig h t be i n t e r ­

p r e t e d a s a n a b s e n c e o f e m o t i o n a l ’’s a f e t y v a l v e s ” w h i c h l e a v e s h im h e l p l e s s siv e r e a c tio n s . re ite ra tio n

in th e fa c e o f p o w e rfu l h o s t i l e - a g g r e s ­

A d e c i d e d p a r a n o i d t r e n d w as n o t e d i n th e

o f " e y e s ” and s im ila r c o n te n t th ro u g h o u t th e

reco rd . The D r a w - A - P i g u r e T e s t w as v e r y r e v e a l i n g . f i g u r e s w ere draw n w i t h o u t f e e t i n b o t h c a s e s . th is as in d ic a tin g

’’T hey w e r e c u t o f f ,

The

He e x p l a i n e d

b o rn t h a t w a y .”

The

i n t e r p r e t a t i o n w o u ld s u g g e s t m ark ed c a s t r a t i o n f e a r s . P s y c h o l o g i s t 1s sum m ary a n d c o n c l u s i o n s .

S u b je c t

. O b t a i n e d a n IQ o f 87 a t d u l l n o r m a l i n t e l l i g e n c e . sh o w e d s i g n s o f m a r k e d a n x i e t y .

The d i a g n o s t i c

H is t e s t

im p re ss io n

w as o f a s c h o z o p h r e n i c r e a c t i o n l a t e n t w i t h o v e r t a n x i e t y a p p a r e n t l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h an u n s o lv e d h o m o sex u al c o n f l i c t , w h ic h i n

tu rn has le d

to an e m o tio n a lly im m a tu re , h o s t i l e -

a g g re ss iv e b e h a v io r p a tte r n .

I t i s re c o m m e n d e d t h a t t h e

s u b j e c t be h o s p i t a l i z e d f o r f u r t h e r

stu d y .

S ta te m e n t on i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f c a s e s .

These i n t e r ­

p r e t a t i o n s a r e i n t e n d e d t o be s u g g e s t i v e r a t h e r t h a n c o n ­ c lu s iv e .

I t is

m a tte r— i . e . , ien ce in th e

assum ed t h a t d e lin q u e n c y i s

th e c h ild w ith a l l h is s itu a tio n —ra th e r

tra its

a situ a tio n a l and p a s t e x p e r ­

th a n a d i r e c t e x p r e s s io n o f

114

in n e r l i f e .

The p r i m a r y i n t e r e s t i s

c h ild in h is

t o t a l s i t u a t i o n i n h i s hom e, a l t h o u g h i t

q u ite

-

c o n c e rn e d w i t h th e is

a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e home c a n n o t b e d i s a s s o c i a t e d f r o m

th e r e s t o f

th e w o rld .

The i n v e s t i g a t o r h a s e m p h a s i z e d

t h e home a n d f a m i l y i n f l u e n c e

in

th e se c a s e s , n o tw ith s ta n d ­

in g th e o p in io n s o f th e p s y c h i a t r i s t s who s t r e s s fa c to rs.

th e s u b je c tiv e

I f h e re d ity fe m a le ,

in p re fe re n c e

The n a t u r e - n u r t u r e

b u t th e p ro b lem i s

and p s y c h o l o g i s t s , to

th e

c o n tro v e rsy i s

s o c io lo g ic a l

an o l d o n e ,

as y e t f a r fro m h a v in g b e e n r e s o l v e d .

is

th e m ale p r i n c i p l e ,

and th e e n v iro n m e n t th e

and i f

th e m a rria g e of th e

two i s

supposed to p ro ­

duce th e f i n a l i n t e g r a t i o n o f a m atu re and w e ll- b a la n c e d in d iv id u a l,

can i t

n o t be sa id

t h a t th e s u b je c ts o f our

s ix c a se d have n o t s in n e d , b u t r a t h e r have been sin n e d a g a in st,

s i n c e t h e i r e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s h a v e b e e n so

fa u lty ? It

s h o u l d b e m ade c l e a r ,

p resen t in te rp re ta tio n

h ow ever,

th a t w h ile

th e

o f t h e c a s e s may se e m t o b e t o o s o ­

c i o l o g i c a l in e m p h a sis, i t

i s n o t th e p u rp o se to d i s r e g a r d

th e im p o rta n c e o f th e i n h e r i t a n c e

fa c to rs.

T hey a r e v i t a l ,

a n d m u st be s e r i o u s l y c o n s i d e r e d i n an y t o t a l e v a l u a t i o n o f th e p e r s o n a l i t y . stra te

The p r i m a r y p u r p o s e h a s b e e n t o d e m o n ­

th e im p o rta n c e o f ,

and f r e q u e n c y w ith w h ic h b ro k e n

a n d i n a d e q u a t e h o m es a p p e a r i n t h e p r o m o t i o n o f e m o t i o n a l

15 re tro g re ssio n hoped th a t th is

and d e lin q u e n c y i n young c h i l d r e n .

I t is

th e f o l l o w i n g c a s e s w i l l g r a p h i c a l l y d e m o n s tr a te

th e s is . INTERPRETATION H. S . S .

is

a y o u n g man o f d u l l n o r m a l i n t e l l i g e n c e ,

who h a d t h e e x t r e m e b a d f o r t u n e e n tly ,

o u t o f w e d lo ck .

of h is d is in te g ra tio n .

ap p ar­

T h i s w o u l d se e m t o b e t h e b a s i c In s p ite

he c o u ld have b een i n t e g r a t e d th e good f o r t u n e

to have b e e n b o rn ,

cause

of h is lim ite d in te llig e n c e ,

in to

so c ie ty i f

he h a d h a d

to have b een b o rn u n d e r norm al c o n d it i o n s .

H i s f o s t e r p a r e n t s , who a d o p t e d h im when h e w as o n e y e a r o ld ., w e r e k i n d t o h i m , p ro te c tiv e ,

and,

in f a c t ,

to o f o r g iv in g , o v e r-

and n o n - d ir e c tiv e .

T h i s h a s m ade i t

d i f f i c u l t f o r h im t o d e v e lo p a

sense of r e s p o n s ib ility , m a tu rity ,

and in n e r s t r e n g th .

f a c t t h a t h i s f o s t e r p a r e n t s w ere e v a s i v e ab o u t th e th e

tru e id e n tity of h is

in fo rm a tio n th a t

p a re n ts,

The

i n t e l l i n g h im

and th e f a c t t h a t

t h e y f i n a l l y d i d g i v e w as s o d a m a g i n g ,

c a u s e d h im t o b eco m e m o re i n s e c u r e a n d u n h a p p y t h a n e v e r , and he r e t u r n e d t h i s p a re n ts.

c o n fid e n c e w ith d i s l i k e f o r h i s f o s t e r

T h i s r e s e n t m e n t w as e v i d e n t i n h i s r e v o l t a g a i n s t

th e m a n d t h e i r

a t t e m p t to d o m in a te h i s

tim e a f t e r he r e ­

tu r n e d fro m s e r v i c e f o r a s h o r t f u r l o u g h ,

and h i s d e p a rtu re

16 f r o m t h e i r home i n a s p i r i t o f a n g e r . H is f r e q u e n t t r u a n c i e s , h i s hom e, h i s a b ility

in a b ility

c o n s t a n t f l i g h t s from

to keep a jo b , h i s

th ie v e ry , h is

in ­

to g e t a lo n g w ith h i s age m a te s, h i s r e s i s t a n c e

s c h o o l , h i s d e e p y e a r n i n g t o know h i s i d e n t i t y , f e s t d e sire

to

h i s m an i­

to p ro v e h im s e lf s tr o n g and in d e p e n d e n t, h i s

s e c lu s iv e n e s s , h is la c k o f c o n fid e n c e , se lf-c o n sc io u sn e ss,

and s e n s i t i v i t y

and h i s e x c e s s iv e

are a l l

o f a d i s o r d e r e d a n d m u d d le d p e r s o n a l i t y .

sy m p to m a tic

Added t o

th e se

s u b j e c t i v e e f f e c t s was t h e o v e r - p r o t e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e f o s ­ te r p a re n ts,

th e f o s t e r m o th e r 's h e a r t c o n d i t i o n ,

l a c k o f s u p e r v i s i o n a n d g u i d a n c e , w h i c h m ade i t fo r

and th e

im p o s sib le

th e y o u n g s te r t o d e v e lo p w h o le so m ely . Had h e n o t b e e n b o r n u n d e r t h e p a l l o f i l l e g i t i m a c y ,

and s i n c e he a p p a r e n t l y h a d , had he h a d t h e good f o r t u n e t o h a v e e n t e r e d i n t o a home w h e re l o v e , b a l a n c e , and t r u e

good h e a l t h

u n d e r s t a n d i n g p r e v a i l e d , h e w o u ld h a v e , p e r h a p s ,

becom e a n i n t e g r a t e d p e r s o n a l i t y .

As i t

is,

h e may go on

and on in - r e v o l t a g a i n s t a s o c i e t y w h ic h he f e e l s n e v e r a c ­ c e p t e d h im , b e c a u s e o f h i s u n c e r t a i n p a r e n t a l b a c k g ro u n d . HThe c h i l d

i s f a t h e r o f t h e m a n , ” a n d a home i s n o t a home

w h e r e a woman i s ra th e r

ill,

th an i n s t r u c t .

but a re tu rn

a n d a man i s

to o w i l l i n g to f o r g iv e

L i f e h a s b e e n d i f f i c u l t f o r H. S . S . ,

t o h i s f o s t e r p a r e n t s ’ h o m e , who a r e r e a l l y

k in d p e o p le ,

and t h e i r p ro p er u n d e rs ta n d in g ,

d ire c tio n

a n d l o v e , m ay b r i n g a b o u t t h e r e c l a m a t i o n o f t h i s and lo n e ly b o y .

co n fu sed

CHAPTER IV THE CASE OP P . M. S

A d m i s s i o n s u m m a ry . on th e

The f o l l o w i n g sum m ary a p p e a r s

a d m i s s i o n r e c o r d o f P . M. S .

In sta n t o ffen se: S c a n d a lo u s c o n d u c t te n d in g to th e d e s t r u c t i o n o f good m o ra ls (5 s p e c i f i c a t i o n ) : c o n d u ct to th e p r e j u d i c e o f good o r d e r and d i s c i p l i n e ; b re a k in g a rr e s t* C o n v ic te d and re d u c e d to ra n k o f p r i v a t e , and t e n y e a r s c o n fin e m e n t and b a d c o n d u c t d isc h a rg e . The c o n f i n e m e n t w a s , h o w e v e r , r e d u c e d to s i x y e a r s . C o -d e fe n d a n ts:

None s t a t e d b y s u b j e c t .

In m ates s t a t e m e n t : ” 1 w as s t a t i o n e d a t E l T o r o , C a l i f o r n i a , o n T. A. D. o r d e r s t o B a s e H e a d q u a r t e r s fro m S e r v i c e M a rin e S q u a d ro n T w elv e. I w as a m e s s s e rg e a n t in c h arg e o f th e o p e ra tio n o f th e g e n e ra l m ess i n num ber one m ess h a l l w in g . I h ad th e d u ty o v e r o n e w e e k e n d l e t f o u r o f t h e men g o o n l i b e r t y b e c a u s e th e y h a d w orked h a r d . The d a y b e f o r e t h a t , w h i c h w a s S a t u r d a y , I l e t t h r e e m en t a k e t h e w e e k end o f f . I g a v e t h e s e men l i b e r t y b e c a u s e I d i d n ’ t a c t u a l l y n e e d t h e i r s e r v i c e s , and a s a re w a rd f o r t h e i r good w o rk . One m e s s l i n e w as c l o s e d down a s s i n c e t h i s w as a w e ek e n d a l o t o f t h e men w e r e on sh o re. The men I k e p t o n t h e j o b h a d b e e n o n a l i n e t h a t h a d c l o s e d down t h e w e e k b e f o r e . T h a t Sunday e v e n i n g i t w as my t u r n t o l e a v e . A f te r I l e f t th e m e s s h a l l some o f th e- men I h a d r e f u s e d l i b e r t y w e n t up and t o l d th e o t h e r d u ty s e r g e a n t . t h a t I h ad b e e n s e l l i n g th e m l i b e r t y . He t o o k a l i s t o f a b o u t e i g h t e e n n a m e s , a n d t h e n e x t m o r n i n g I w as r e l i e v e d o f my d u t i e s a n d m ade a p r i s o n e r a t l a r g e . W h il e a p r i s o n e r a t l a r g e I w e n t a s h o r e on d i f f e r e n t o c ­ c a s i o n s i n o r d e r t o s e l l my c a r . T h a t w as .my r e a ­ son f o r b r e a k in g a r r e s t . I w as o n l y g o n e a' t o t a l o f s i x h o u r s on b o t h o c c a s i o n s . ” O th e r i n f o r m a t i o n : S u b je c t d e n ie s any c i v i l o f ­ fen ses. He i s p r o u d o f h i s c l e a n r e c o r d s i n c e b e i n g in th e s e rv ic e .

19 S o c ia l h i s t o r y .

The f o l l o w i n g

so c ia l h is to ry

a p p e a r s o n t h e r e c o r d o f P . M. S . N am e: FMS, m a r r i e d , w h i t e r a c e , e n l i s t m e n t S e p ­ t e m b e r 1 0 , 191+3 • D i s c h a r g e d a t e M a rc h 2 0 , 191+6, r e ­ e n l i s t m e n t d a t e M a rc h 2 0 , 194-6 . S o u r c e s o f i n f o rm a t i o n : s o u r i , P h o n e 1+75>T

M o t h e r , MRL, J o l i e t ,

M is­

D e v e lo p m e n ta l H i s t o r y : M o t h e r h a s d i f f i c u l t y rem em ­ b e rin g d a te s and p la c e s . She~was m a r r i e d ' a t n i n e t e e n . T h i s w as h e r t h i r d c h i l d , b o r n S e p t e m b e r 2 9 , 192k-• T h ere w ere no u n u s u a l f a c t o r s s u r r o u n d i n g f a m i l y a t th e tim e o f b i r t h . M o t h e r w as a t t e n d e d by a q u a l i f i e d p h y sic ia n . She h a d home d e l i v e r y w i t h l o n g l a b o r , a n d r e c u p e r a t i o n w as n o r m a l. H e a lth and M e d ica l H i s t o r y :

None.

P e rso n a lity : S u b j e c t h a d a h a p p y c h il d h o o d , no school d i f f i c u l t i e s . H i s o n l y i l l n e s s w as p n e u m o n i a b e f o r e h e w as n i n e . E d u c a tio n : He a t t e n d e d s c h o o l , w as a g o o d s t u d ­ e n t , a n d e n l i s t e d w hen h e w a s a s e n i o r i n h i g h s c h o o l . E m p lo y m en t: S o n w as r e g u l a r l y e m p l o y e d d u r i n g v a c a tio n s. W o rk e d f o r C i v i l S e r v i c e a t P r o v o , S o u t h D a k o t a , a n d a t a n o t h e r t i m e i n M o u n t a i n Home, I d a h o . He w as a g o o d w o r k e r a n d h e l p e d s u p p o r t h i s m o t h e r . P r e s e n t Home C o n d i t i o n s : Son w as m a r r i e d tw ic e w h ile in th e s e rv ic e * Was f i r s t m a r r i e d i n 1945* d i v o r c e d , a n d l a t e r r e m a r r i e d i n N o v e m b e r o f 194-7* T here h a s b e e n no m a r i t a l t r o u b l e l a t e l y . Son h a s a s k e d f o r m on ey f r o m m o t h e r f o r m e d i c a l c a r e f o r h i s w ife . S h e s e n t h i m $25)0 . 00 i n M a r c h , 191+8> a f t e r s o n a d v i s e d h e r h e w as i n t r o u b l e . H is w i f e was c r i t i c a l l y 11 1 w hen t h e y w e r e i n S a n t a A n a. F a m ily h i s t o r y . h isto ry

o f F . M. S .

The f o l l o w i n g i s

a b r i e f fa m ily

20 F a th e r: 1926.

J . B. S . ,

d ie d a t age o f f o r t y - o n e ,

D e a th fro m tu m o r o f b r a i n .

D iv o rc e d from s u b j e c t 's

m o t h e r i n 1 9 2 5 * a n d r e m a r r i e d same y e a r . c h a r g e d v e t e r a n o f W o rld War I , h a v in g b e e n g a s s e d . e x tra c tio n ,

in

An h o n o r a b l y d i s ­

and r e c e iv e d p e n s io n f o r

N a tiv e o f W is c o n s in , o f F r e n c h - E n g lis h

e le m e n ta ry sc h o o l e d u c a tio n ,

a B a p tis t w ith

i r r e g u l a r a tte n d a n c e . M o th e r:

M. R . L . , a g e lj.8 , n a t i v e o f M i s s o u r i , o f

F re n c h -S c o tc h e x tr a c t i o n ,

e ig h th g rad e e d u c a tio n , B a p tis t,

w ith i r r e g u l a r ch u rch a tte n d a n c e .

She d i v o r c e d s u b j e c t ' s

f a t h e r on g r o u n d s o f d e s e r t i o n and n o n - s u p p o r t i n 1 9 3 5 * S he r e m a r r i e d i n 1 9 3 6 . m o n ia i n 1 9 3 9 .

Her se c o n d h u sb a n d d i e d o f p n e u ­

She r e m a r r i e d a g a i n i n 1939 t o h e r p r e s e n t

h u s b a n d , b u t i s now s e p a r a t e d f r o m h im a n d h a s now f i l e d fo r d iv o rc e .

H er p r e s e n t o c c u p a tio n i s

th a t of w a itre s s

in a ta v e rn . S te p fa th e r: th irty -n in e , tra c tio n ,

G. T . S . ,

a d d r e s s unknown,

a n a tiv e o f M in n e so ta ,

o f German E n g l i s h e x ­

has a s ix th g rad e e d u c a tio n ,

e x c e ssiv e d r in k e r , and d i s o r d e r l y

age a b o u t

is

an a t h e i s t ,

an

and h a s b e e n a r r e s t e d f o r d ru n k e n n e s s

c o n d u c t.

S u b j e c t r e s i d e d w i t h h im o n l y a b o u t

one y e a r i n 1 9 3 9 S te p m o th e r:

B. R. S . ,

age a b o u t t h i r t y ,

unknow n, b e l i e v e d t o be i n M in n e s o ta . little

l a s t ad d ress

S u b j e c t knows v e r y

a b o u t h e r e x c e p t t h a t s h e w as n i n e t e e n y e a r s o l d

21 w hen s h e m a r r i e d h i s f a t h e r , ille g itim a te

to one

c h ild .

P a r e n t a l Home: c h ild re n .

and had g iv e n b i r t h

S u b je c t i s

th e y o u n g e st o f th r e e

H i s p a r e n t s ow ned t h e i r own f i v e - r o o m h o u s e w h i c h

w as i n g o o d c o n d i t i o n a n d l o c a t e d on t h e o u t s k i r t s o f F a r g o , N o rth D a k o ta.

H i s p a r e n t s w e r e d i v o r c e d w hen h e w as t h i r t e e n

y e a r s o f age b e c a u se o f h i s f a t h e r r u n n in g a ro u n d w ith o t h e r women.

The f a t h e r g e n e r a l l y p r o v i d e d a m a r g i n a l l i v i n g .

The m o t h e r g a v e t h e c h i l d r e n a l l

th e

v i s i o n a n d s e ld o m p u n i s h e d th em . rie d ,

th e f i r s t

and th e

s u b j e c t c la im s

s te p f a th e r v ery w e ll.

A fte r

s t e p f a t h e r ’ s d e a t h t h e f a m i l y m ov ed b a c k t o t o w n ,

and th e m o th e r r e m a r r i e d . w ith h is

and s u p e r­

A f t e r th e m o th e r re m a r­

t h e f a m i l y m oved t o a r a n c h ,

to h av e g o t t e n a lo n g w ith h i s

tra in in g

th ird fa th e r,

T he s u b j e c t d i d n ’ t g e t a l o n g

a n d l e f t home w i t h h i s m o t h e r ’ s c o n ­

se n t. S ib lin g s:

S u b je c t i s

th e y o u n g e st o f th r e e

( 1 ) KLM, a g e t w e n t y - s e v e n , r e s i d i n g i n P o r t l a n d , She i s fiv e , (3)

d iv o rc e d ,

o c c u p a tio n unknow n.

r e s id in g in J o l i e t ,

Illin o is ,

O regon.

WMS, a g e t w e n t y -

o c c u p a tio n p a tro lm a n .

S u b je c t. P erso n al h is to r y .

S u b j e c t w as b o r n on S e p t e m b e r

2 9 , 19214-, a t F a r g o , N o r t h D a k o t a , tio n ,

(2)

sib lin g s .

of F re n c h -Irish e x tra c ­

a m em ber o f t h e B a p t i s t c h u r c h , w i t h p o o r a t t e n d a n c e .

He q u i t s c h o o l w hen i n

th e e l e v e n t h g r a d e i n C e n t r a l H ig h

S c h o o l, F a rg o , N o rth D a k o ta , w ith a c a r n iv a l.

a t s i x t e e n y e a r s o f a g e t o go

C l a i m s t o h a v e m ade a v e r a g e g r a d e s ,

g o t a lo n g w e ll w ith

te a c h e rs.

C laim s to l i k e

an d

sc h o o l, b u t

a d m i t s h e w as t o o l a z y t o s t u d y , a n d d e n i e s a n y t r u a n c y . He w a s a m em ber o f t h e v a r s i t y a ll

sta te

team .

in f o o tb a ll,

He w a s a l s o o n t h e

have s t a r te d d rin k in g a t

six te e n ,

e r a t e l y w hen e m o t i o n a l l y u p s e t .

a n d m ade t h e

t r a c k team .

C laim s to

a n d o n l y u s e s l i q u o r m od­ He c l a i m s h i s f i r s t

u a l r e l a t i o n s w e r e w i t h a to w n g i r l

sex­

a t th e age o f s i x t e e n ,

and a d m its h a v in g c o n t r a c t e d g o n o rrh e a fro m a p ic k u p . A fte r q u ittin g

s c h o o l , h e w orked a t v a r i o u s

io d of th re e y e a rs ,

jo b s f o r a p e r ­

w o rk in g a s a b u tc h e r m o st o f t h e

tim e .

On S e p t e m b e r 1 0 , 19^3> h e e n l i s t e d

i n th e M a rin e C o rp s Re­

s e r v e f o r th e d u r a t i o n o f th e w ar,

an d was d i s c h a r g e d on

p o in ts ,

a n d r e - e n l i s t e d o n M a rc h 2 1 , 19h&* f o r

th re e y e a rs.

He h a s a t o t a l o f f o u r y e a r s a n d e i g h t m o n t h s o f s e r v i c e o f w h i c h f o u r t e e n m o n t h s w as w i t h a c o m b a t u n i t o v e r s e a s . H i s h i g h e s t r a t i n g w as s e r g e a n t .

He g r a d u a t e d f r o m a n

e i g h t w eeks c o u rs e i n c o o k in g and b a k in g .

W h ile h e r e h e

w orked m o s tly a s a b u t c h e r and s t a t e d h i s d e s i r e

to f in is h

h is h ig h sc h o o l e d u c a tio n . E m p lo y m e n t:

S u b j e c t w as e m p l o y e d f r o m May, 19^2#

t o D e c e m b e r , 191+2, b y t h e A t l a n t i c C o m m is s a r y a t F a r g o ,

23 N o rth D a k o ta ,

as a b u tc h e r.

F ro m J a n u a r y ,

19ii-3# t o M a r c h ,

191+3» h e w o r k e d f o r t h e B e l l i n g h a m C o n s t r u c t i o n Com pany in B o ise , Id ah o , had v a rio u s

as a tru c k d r i v e r .

sh o rt p e rio d

F ro m 191+0 t o 191+2 h e

j o b s a s a s e c o n d c l a s s camp c o o k ,

a n d t r a v e l l e d w i t h a c a r n i v a l a s a h um an p i n c u s h i o n , l i g h t b u lb and r a z o r e a t e r .

and

He h a d a l s o w o r k e d a s a w i r e

s t r i n g e r f o r t h e W e s te rn U n io n . R e sid e n c e :

S u b j e c t r e s i d e d fro m 1938 to 1939 a t

21+11 W e s t 1 8 th S t r e e t , F a r g o , N o r t h D a k o t a ; f r o m 193 9 t o 191+1 a t B i s m a r c k , N o r t h D a k o t a ; f r o m 191+1 t o 191+2 i n F a r g o , N o r t h D a k o t a ; f r o m 191+2 t o 191+3 a t B o i s e , I d a h o .

He now

c o n s i d e r s h i s l e g a l a d d r e s s t o b e w i t h h i s m o t h e r a t G en­ e r a l D e liv e ry ,

P a sc o , W a sh in g to n .

R e le a s e p l a n s : d u ty ,

S u b je c t d e s i r e s t o be r e t u r n e d to

and h a s s t r o n g m o t i v a t i o n to w a rd s th e s e 'r v i c e . R eso u rces:

None.

M a rita l h is to r y : of n in e te e n ,

S u b j e c t m a r r i e d FLS a t t h e a g e

on A p r i l 2 1 s t a t S a n ta Ana, C a l i f o r n i a .

w ere s e p a r a t e d i n J u n e ,

191+7.

They

He h a d l i v e d w i t h t h i s g i r l

f o r t h r e e m o n th s p r i o r to t h e i r m a r r i a g e .

They becam e

s e p a r a t e d w hen s h e r e t u r n e d t o h e r hom e i n T e x a s t o l i v e w ith h e r ex -h u sb an d .

S he h a d b e e n m a r r i e d b e f o r e

d iv o rc e d ..

in doubt as to h i s m a r ita l s ta tu s

S u b je c t i s

w i t h h e r b e c a u s e o f a s t a t e m e n t m ade b y h e r t o

and

th e e f f e c t

2k th at

"You know we w e r e n ’ t l e g a l l y m a r r i e d . ft

Sh e i s

n a t i v e o f Oklahoma, h a s a h i g h s c h o o l e d u c a t i o n , a P ro testan t.

th ree y ears o ld ,

He i s

and i s

of French and I r i s h

S u b j e c t makes a good a p p e a r a n c e ,

tow ards th e

serv ice,

a n d was v e r y c o o p e r a t i v e d u r i n g t h e to be e m o t i o n a l l y s t a b l e

and o f r a t h e r l o o s e m o ral h a b i t s . p o o r home e n v i r o n m e n t .

and h i s

and h a s

show s

in carceratio n ,

in terv iew .

a t p resen t,

i e n c e i n employm ent an d r e s i d e n c e .

sep arated o fte n .

tw en ty -

a m em ber o f t h e B a p t i s t c h u r c h w i t h

reg u la r atten d an ce. a good a t t i t u d e

S u b ject i s

w h i t e , m a r r i e d , m ale w i t h no d e p e n d e n t s .

C laim s a t e n t h g ra d e e d u c a ti o n ,

h is tra in in g

and i s

T h e y h a v e h a d no c h i l d r e n .

I n t e r v i e w e r 1s i m p r e s s i o n s .

ex tra ctio n .

a

He a p p e a r s

a w ide e x p e r ­

He s e e m s t o b e m a t u r e He i s a p r o d u c t o f a

H is p a r e n t s have m a r r i e d o f t e n and

H i s m o t h e r was r e s p o n s i b l e

and d i s c i p l i n e ,

f o r m ost o f

and h i s r e l a t i o n s w ith h i s

p a r e n t s w a s i n some i n s t a n c e s a b o v e t h e a v e r a g e . \ T h e

econ-

\

o m ie c o n d i t i o n s o f h i s home w e r e u s u a l l y f a i r . m arried a g i r l

S u b ject

a f t e r l i v i n g w ith h e r f o r t h r e e m o nths.

They w ere s e p a r a t e d .

He h a s n ’ t h e a r d f r o m h e r s i n c e .

d e n ie s any c i v i l o f f e n s e s ,

He

and i s proud o f h i s c le a n m il­

ita r y record.

He d o e s n o t i n d i c a t e a n y c r i m i n a l t e n d e n c i e s .

He h a s a t o t a l

s e r v i c e o f f o u r y e a r s and e i g h t m onths o f

w hich f o u r t e e n m onths were

s p e n t w ith a combat u n i t o v e r ­

25 seas.

H is h i g h e s t r a n k was t h a t o f s e r g e a n t .

H is p r i n ­

c i p a l m i l i t a r y d u t i e s c o n s i s t e d o f work a s co o k , b u t c h e r , and a s s i s t a n t m ess s e r g e a n t .

He d e s i r e s t o

h i g h s c h o o l e d u c a t i o n a n d d o e s n ’t l i n a r y problem , ju stm en t.

a p p e a r t o be a d i s c i p ­

a n d s h o u l d make a g o o d i n s t i t u t i o n a l

He h a s a s t r o n g m o t i v a t i o n t o w a r d t h e

and h i s a t t i t u d e

i s good,

t i a l was a l i t t l e record,

fin is h h is

ad­

serv ice,

a lth o u g h he f e e l s h i s c o u r t m ar­

p reju d iced .

Due t o h i s

c le a n p rev io u s

and h i s s t r o n g m o t i v a t i o n h e s h o u ld be good r e ­

sto ra tiv e m ateria l. R ecom m endations: in d icated .

Medium c u s t o d y .

Work a s s i g n m e n t t o b u t c h e r s h o p o r g a l l e y .

C om pletion o f h ig h sc h o o l e d u c a tio n . in stitu tio n a l

a c tiv itie s,

to d u ty .

P a rtic ip a tio n

and r e l i g i o u s

P s y c h i a t r i s t ’s r e p o r t. years o ld ,

T ransfer not

assistan ce.

S u b ject is

w h i t e , m a r r i e d m a l e , who d e s i r e s He i s

in good p h y s i c a l h e a l t h

There a r e no p h y s i c a l d e f e c t s e v i d e n t , h a v i n g h a d I4.7 d a y s o f i l l n e s s ,

in

tw en ty -th ree to be r e t u r n e d

a t t h i s tim e. and o th e r than

and w i t h one a d m i s s io n

f o r go n o rrh ea, h is p a s t m edical h i s t o r y i s n o t u n u su a l. He i s

a p r o d u c t o f a b r o k e n home, h i s p a r e n t s h a v in g s e p ­

a r a t e d when h e was t w e l v e y e a r s o l d . year l a t e r of a b rain ried

tw ice

since

tum or,

t h a t tim e.

H i s f a t h e r d i e d one

a n d ’h i s m o t h e r h a s b e e n m a r ­ S u b je c t com pleted th e e le v e n th

grade a t the

age o f f i f t e e n ,

and h ad v a r i o u s odd j o b s ,

f i n a l l y w orking as a b u tc h e r f o r a y e a r .

He m a r r i e d i n

I 9J4.6 , b u t s a y s h e d i d n ' t l i v e w i t h h i s w i f e a f t e r riag e, but sta te s t h e i r m arriag e.

th a t th ey had liv e d to g e th e r p r i o r to S u b ject i s

a ten se,

ag g ressiv e,

i n d i v i d u a l , who s e e m s t o b e r a t h e r i m p u l s i v e . t o be e m o t i o n a l l y u n s t a b l e . is

th e m ar­

activ e

He s e e m s

He f r a n k l y a d m i t s t h a t h e

in v o lv e d i n h i s p r e s e n t d i f f i c u l t y b e c a u se he n e ed ed

m o ney s o t h a t h e c o u l d c o n t i n u e g o i n g w i t h h i s

g irl.

He

s t a t e d t h a t he h a d b e e n s p e n d i n g more t h a n h e e a r n e d . There i s a s t r o n g u n d e r c u r r e n t o f r e s e n t m e n t a g a i n s t the se rv ic e because of h is c o n v ic tio n . under su p erv isio n , b u t h is em otional i n s t a b i l i t y . is u n certain at th is

S u b je c t does w e ll

judgm ent i s p o o r due to h i s

P ro g n o sis f o r s e rv ic e

tim e.

ad ju stm en t

I t i s recom mended t h a t t h e

s u b j e c t be a c c o rd e d clem ency, and t h a t h i s

s e n te n c e be

reduced. INTERPRETATION The w o r l d

f i r s t u n f o l d s f o r t h e c h i l d i n h i s own

home.

Here h e h a s h i s f i r s t e x p e r i e n c e w i t h l o v e ,

tru th ,

and p a i n .

riag e.

-He h a s a p r o f o u n d i n t e r e s t i n t h e m a r r i a g e o f h i s

p aren ts,

Here he a l s o l e a r n s

anger,

th e l e s s o n s o f m ar­

s i n c e e x c e p t i n g h i s own u l t i m a t e m a r r i a g e ,

th is

27 is

t h e o n l y on e h e i s

would be a m i s ta k e to

in tim a te ly concerned w ith . say th a t th e c h i l d 's

It

a ttitu d e

to ­

w ard m a r r i a g e i s w h o l l y i n f l u e n c e d b y w h at he l e a r n s home, b u t t h e r e sion i s

made.

can be no d o u b t t h a t a d e f i n i t e P . M. S .

is

at

im pres­

t h e p r o d u c t o f a b r o k e n hom e.

H i s p a r e n t s w e r e d i v o r c e d when h e w a s t h i r t e e n y e a r s o l d , due to h i s f a t h e r ' s

l a c k of s u p p o r t and e v e n t u a l d e s e r t i o n .

H i s f a t h e r h a d b e e n g a s s e d d u r i n g t h e f i r s t w o r l d W ar, died of a b ra in d iv id u al. added to

tum or.

He w a s o b v i o u s l y n o t a s t a b l e

th e a lr e a d y p r e v a le n t i n s e c u r i t y o f the h o u se h o ld . so le r e s p o n s i b i li t y f o r

t r a i n i n g and s u p e r v is io n of th e c h i l d r e n ,

f a t h e r was o b v i o u s l y n e i t h e r f i t t e d , such d u t ie s .

The c h i l d r e n w e r e ,

th erefo re,

in

d e n ie d the

A c h i l d w ants .

t h e two p e o p l e h e l o v e s t o l o v e e a c h o t h e r . h i s w o rld becomes i n s e c u r e ,

sin c e the

nor in te re ste d ,

need o f the f a t h e r ’s lo v e and a t t e n t i o n .

n o t,

in ­

The f a c t t h a t h e made o n l y a m a r g i n a l l i v i n g

I t w a s t h e m o t h e r who a s s u m e d t h e the

and

I f t h e y do

and f r i g h t e n i n g .

Can i t

be e x p e c te d t h a t su ch an atm o sp h e re w ould p ro d u c e w h o le ­ some c h i l d r e n ? rem arried ,

A f t e r h i s m other d iv o r c e d h i s f a t h e r ,

and th e f a m ily went to l i v e w ith h i s s t e p - f a t h e r ,

w i t h whom h e g o t a l o n g v e r y w e l l . died,

it

she

is very p o ss ib le

Had h i s

step -fath er not

t h a t P . M. S . m i g h t h a v e made

an a d ju s tm e n t, b u t u n f o r t u n a t e l y he d i d d i e ,

and h i s m other

28 rem arried, f o r as d i f f i c u l t c h ild ren ;

the as

th ird

tim e.

the f i r s t ,

T h i s t h i r d m a r r i a g e was

f o r b o th th e m other and th e

s o t h a t he l e f t t h i s u n p l e a s a n t e n v i r o n m e n t

a f t e r h e r e c e i v e d h i s m o t h e r ' s p e r m i s s i o n t o do s o . F. c iv ilia n

M. S .

ap p aren tly had a cle an rec o rd both as a

and m arine u n t i l h i s

in carceratio n .

offense,

w hich c a u s e d h i s

H is l a c k . o f m o r a ls , h i s i n e b r i a t i o n ,

m a rria g e and su b seq u e n t s e p a r a tio n ,

h is

are d o u b tle ss ro o ted

i n h i s u n s t a b l e home b a c k g r o u n d .

H i s b o y h o o d was m a r k e d

by p a r e n t a l d ru n k e n n e s s ,

and d i v o r c e ,

d isco rd ,

i n an a t ­

m osphere o f p o v e r t y , —h a r d l y a b r e e d in g ground f o r f u t u r e w holesom eness. w ill,

lo y alty ,

are v a lid , ex cep t, first

A home m u s t b e b a s e d o n a f f e c t i o n , and m u tu al s e r v i c e .

can i t

perhaps,

be s a id f o r the

step -fath er?

If

good

th ese c r i t e r i a

t h a t F . M. S* e v e r h a d a h o m e , s h o r t p e r i o d he l i v e d w ith h i s

W ith s y m p a th e ti c u n d e r s t a n d i n g and

d i r e c t i o n h e c a n p r o b a b l y make a n a d e q u a t e a d j u s t m e n t f o r the f u t u r e , q u a litie s

as he a p p ea rs to have th e p h y s ic a l

t o do s o ,

t e r e d by h i s

un less,

and m en tal

o f c o u r s e , he becomes e m b i t ­

six y e a rs' in c a rc e ra tio n .

CHAPTER V

THE

CASE

A d m is s io n summary*

OP

P.

R.

H,

The f o l l o w i n g su m m ary a p p e a r s

o n t h e a d m i s s i o n r e c o r d o f P . R. H. I n s t a n t o f f e n s e : D e s e r ti o n , found g u i l t y , s e n t ­ e n c e d t o be c o n f i n e d f o r a p e r i o d o f m onths and t o r e c e i v e a D. D . , ' a p p r o v e d b y t h e c o n v e n i n g a u t h ­ o r i t y o n A u g u s t 2 , 194-8» h u t c o n f i n e m e n t r e d u c e d t o e i g h t e e n m o n t h s a n d D. D. c h a n g e d t o B. C. D. (Bad Conduct D is c h a rg e ). C o-D efendants:

None s t a t e d b y s u b j e c t .

Inm ate' s sta te m e n t; " I was s t a t i o n e d a t t h e N av al T r a i n i n g C e n t e r , San D i e g o , C a l i f o r n i a , i n r e ­ c ru itin g train in g . My m o t h e r w a s s i c k a n d I f e l t I s h o u l d b e home w i t h h e r . When s h e w r o t e t o me a n d s a i d s h e p r o b a b l y w o u l d n o t s e e me a g a i n I d e c i d e d t o go home. I w ent t o s h o r e on a u t h o r i z e d l i b e r t y and w ent t o R o se b u rg , O regon. I t w a s n o t my i n t e n ­ t i o n t o s t a y a s l o n g a s I d i d , b u t d u e t o my f a m i l y ' s f in a n c ia l c o n d itio n I stay ed lo n g er. I h a d more t h a n o n e j o b , a n d w o r k e d a l l t h e t i m e t h a t I w a s h o m e. The man I w o r k e d f o r was g o n e m o s t o f t h e t i m e , a n d I w orked f o r m onths. When h e came b a c k I a s k e d h i m f o r my p a y . He s a i d I d i d n ' t h a v e a n y c o m i n g . He w e n t b a c k i n t o t o w n t o g e t some m o r e h e l p , a n d I t o o k t h e j e e p t h a t b e l o n g e d t o h i m , t h r e w my c l o t h e s i n i t , a n d s t a r t e d home. I was p i c k e d u p b y t h e c i v i l i a n p o l i c e in P e n d l e t o n , Oregon. O ther i n f o r m a tio n : S u b j e c t was a r r e s t e d b y t h e c i v i l i a n p o l i c e i n P e n d l e t o n , O r e g o n , o n M a r c h I 9I4.8 , on c h a r g e o f g r a n d l a r c e n y . T h is was th e t h e f t o f the je e p in s u b j e c t 's sta te m e n t o f o f f e n s e . He was t r i e d o n M a r c h 1 9 , 19^4-8, a n d s e n t e n c e d t o t h r e e y e a r s p r o b a t i o n , and was r e l e a s e d to n a v a l c u s t o d y on M a r c h 214., I 9I4-8 . He s t a t e s o n e o f t h e t e r m s o f h i s p r o b a t i o n was t h a t t i m e b e s p e n t i n t h e n a v y . He d e n ie s any o th e r a r r e s t o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l co n fin em en t.

30 S o cial h is to r y * p e a r s on t h e

The f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n a p ­

s o c i a l h i s t o r y r e c o r d o f P . R. H.

I d e n tify in g

in fo r m a tio n :

P . R. H . ,

s in g le .

Fam ily c o m p o s itio n : M o t h e r , M r s . P . Dj s t e p ­ f a t h e r , P . D; b r o t h e r , G, a g e 1 1 . A ll are w h ite. The s u b j e c t w a s g i v e n i n c u s t o d y ( l e g a l ) t o h i s f a t h e r , . W. H . , a t t h e t i m e o f d i v o r c e i n 19k-2* b u t h e r a n away a n d j o i n e d h i s m o t h e r i n 19b%» Sources o f in f o r m a tio n :

S u b j e c t ’ s m other.

D e v e l o p m e n t a l h i s t o r y : S u b j e c t w a s b o m A p r i l 1+, 1 9 3 0 , i n Yakima, W a s h in g to n . He w a s a h e a l t h y c h i l d , and s u f f e r e d no s e r i o u s d i s a b l e m e n t o r i l l n e s s , e x ­ c e p t an a c c i d e n t to h i s h a n d , w h ic h o c c u r r e d a t a b o u t t e n y e a r s o f a g e , a t w hich tim e he s p e n t a b o u t n i n e ­ te e n days in the h o s p i t a l . H is m o th e r rem a rk e d t h a t h e u s u a l l y s u f f e r e d some d i s t u r b a n c e s w h e n t h e y moved. She b l a m e d t h i s on t h e c h a n g e o f d r i n k i n g w ater. S u b j e c t was b r e a s t f e d u n t i l th e end o f th e t w e l f t h m o n th, and no d i f f i c u l t y was e x p e r i e n c e d i n w eaning. He w a l k e d a t n i n e m o n t h s , a n d t a l k e d a t f o u r t e e n m onths. The o n l y a d v e r s e f a c t o r i n f l u e n c i n g h i s d e v e l o p ­ m e n t , a c c o r d i n g t o h i s m o t h e r , was t h e f a t h e r ’ s i n ­ t e n s e j e a l o u s y , and i n f a n t i l e w ays. The f a t h e r i s o f German e x t r a c t i o n , b o r n i n t h i s c o u n t r y . He f o l l ­ owed t h e t y p i c a l E u r o p e a n p a t t e r n . He was s t r i c t w i t h h i s so n , and f o r c e d him a t th e age o f f o u r t e e n t o s o r t o u t some n a i l s h e ( t h e s o n ) h a d m i x e d u p . The m o t h e r s a i d t h e c h i l d w a s n o t a l l o w e d t o c r y a t t h e a g e o f t e n , a n d a t t h a t tim e was w o r k in g l i k e a man. The m o t h e r s a i d t h e s u b j e c t h a d n e v e r h a d a c h ild h o o d , a id n e v e r g o t along w ith h i s f a t h e r . The f a t h e r w o u l d o f t e n e x p r e s s h i s a n t a g o n i s m t o w a r d th e m o th e r th ro u g h th e c h i l d , and w ould i n s i s t upon h e r p u n i s h i n g th e c h i l d , som etim es u n n e c e s s a r i l y . He f r e q u e n t l y t h r e a t e n e d s u i c i d e i f h i s w i s h e s w e r e not c a rrie d o u t. He was n e v e r p l e a s e d w i t h w h a t the m other d i d . A t on e t i m e t h e m o t h e r , s u p p o r t e d t h e f a m i l y w h i l e w o r k i n g o n W. P . A. d u r i n g t h e f a t h e r ’ s i l l n e s s , w h i l e h e r e m a i n e d a t home t o c a r e

31 f o r th e c h ild re n . An a l m o s t c o m p l e t e r e v e r s a l i n the p a r e n ta l r e l a ti o n s h i p to o k p la c e . The m o t h e r w ould o f t e n be f o r c e d to p u n i s h th e c h i l d r e n f o r t h i n g s t h e y h a d s u p p o s e d l y done w h ile sh e was a t w ork. The f a t h e r r e s e n t e d a n y d i s p l a y o f a f f e c t i o n tow ard the c h i l d r e n d e m o n s tra te d by th e m o th e r. H e a lth and m e d ic a l h i s t o r y : p rev io u sly .

A lready m entioned

F am ily h i s t o r y : The s u b j e c t ' s p a r e n t s w e r e b o t h b o r n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h e f a t h e r o f German e x ­ t r a c t i o n , and th e m other of S c o tc h , D u tch , I r i s h and E n g lish . The m a r r i a g e h a d b e e n a r r a n g e d b y t h e i r p a r e n t s , a n d t o o k p l a c e when t h e m o t h e r w a s s e v e n t e e n . I t was t h o u g h t to be a good m a t c h f o r h e r , s i n c e h e r h u s b a n d 's fa m ily had a f a i r e s t a t e . They w e r e d i v o r c e d i n O c t o b e r , 1914-2 . She c h a r g e d h i m w i t h c r u e l t y . She c o u l d no l o n g e r s t a n d h i s i n f a n t i l e w ays, and i n s i s t e d she w o u ld n o l o n g e r l i v e w i t h h im . The f a t h e r was g i v e n t h e c u s t o d y o f t h e two e l d e s t c h i l d r e n , t h e s u b j e c t and a y o u n g e r b r o t h e r , w h i l e t h e m o t h e r was p e r m i t t e d to have c u s to d y o f th e y o u n g e st c h i l d , G a il, aged f i v e . P e rso n a lity : The m o t h e r d e s c r i b e d t h e s u b j e c t a s an a f f e c t i o n a t e a n d r e s p o n s i b l e c h i l d . He h a d th e u s u a l h o b b ie s and i n t e r e s t s o f th e c h i l d r e n i n h i s com m unity, and g o t a lo n g w e l l , a l t h o u g h h e w as not a lead er. He s e e m e d t o h a v e an i n o r d i n a t e s e n s e o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , p r o b a b l y due to th e u p b r i n g i n g o f h i s f a t h e r , and th e e a r l y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y im posed upon him . The m o t h e r s a y s t h e s u b j e c t h a s n o p a t i ­ e n c e , and h a s to a c c o m p l i s h any t a s k a s q u i c k l y a s p o ssib le . The m o t h e r s a y s h e i s n o t p a r t i c u l a r l y a m b i t i o u s , and i s v e r y g e n e r o u s . She s a y s t h a t h e was n e v e r g i r l c r a z y , b u t t h a t h e h a d f o r m e d a n a f ­ f e c t i o n f o r a r e l a t i v e , and had h a d one d a t e w i t h her. A f t e r he j o i n e d t h e s e r v i c e h e w r o t e t o h e r , b u t she n e v e r a n sw e re d . He l a t e r f o u n d o u t s h e had g o tte n m a rrie d . The m o t h e r s a i d t h i s h a d h u r t him . She m e n t i o n e d h e was v e r y c r i t i c a l o f g i r l s and d i s l i k e d t o s e e u n c l e a n l i n e s s i n them . E d u catio n : The s u b j e c t c o m p l e t e d t h e e i g h t h grade. T here were no p a r t i c u l a r d i s c i p l i n e o r a d ­ j u s t m e n t p r o b l e m s , b u t s h e s a i d he h a d a l w a y s h a d d i f f i c u l t y in rea d in g . He h a d c o n s i d e r a b l e m a n u a l

32 d e x t e r i t y , and was g r e a t l y i n t e r e s t e d i n m a c h i n e r y , m otors, a ir p la n e s , e tc . He s h o w e d no p a r t i c u l a r i n ­ t e r e s t i n a n i m a l s , b u t was f o n d o f h o r s e s and d o g s . He h a d a p a r t i c u l a r a v e r s i o n f o r cows b e c a u s e h e h a d b e e n f o r c e d to m i l k them e a r l y i n h i s l i f e . Em ploym ent: The s u b j e c t h a d w o r k e d a s a h a n d y m an a r o u n d t u g b o a t s b u t w a s f o r c e d t o d i s c o n t i n u e t h is because of h is youth. The m o t h e r was o f t h e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t h i s w ork w a s v e r y s a t i s f a c t o r y t o h i s em ployers. The . s u b j e c t w o r k e d o n h i s s t e p f a t h e r ' s farm b e fo re h i s m other r e m a r r i e d . Because o f h i s y o u th h i s w ork h i s t o r y i s s h o r t p r i o r to h i s e n l i s t ­ m ent in the navy. P r e s e n t home c o n d i t i o n s : The s u b j e c t ’ s m o t h e r m a r r i e d PD a t a g e t h i r t y - e i g h t , i n S e p t e m b e r , 1945* The s u b j e c t was h o p e f u l t h a t h i s m o t h e r w o u l d r e m a r r y i n a s much a s h e h a d d e v e l o p e d a l i k i n g f o r h i s s t e p ­ f a t h e r , w h i l e w o r k i n g on h i s f a r m b e f o r e h e m a r r i e d h i s m o th er. The i n f o r m a n t s a y s t h a t h e r m a r r i a g e i s h a p p y , and sh e seems to be q u i t e g r a t e f u l t h a t h e r h u s b a n d h a s shown so much c o n c e r n f o r h e r y o u n g ­ e s t c h ild , G ail. She s t a t e d t h a t h e r p r e s e n t h u s ­ band i s alm ost the o p p o s ite of the s u b j e c t ’s f a t h e r . She m e n t i o n e d how t h e s u b j e c t ' s f a t h e r h a d t o r m e n t e d h im on one o c c a s i o n . She r e m a r k e d t h a t G a i l , t h e y o u n g e s t , l o o k e d l i k e t h e f a t h e r , who h a d , t h e r e f o r e , b e e n j e a l o u s o f him . The s t e p f a t h e r i s i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e c h i l d ' s e d u c a t i o n and w o u ld l i k e t o s e n d him to c o ll e g e . The s t e p f a t h e r i s a l a b o r e r on a r a n c h , r e c e i v e s a d o l l a r a n h o u r , a n d h a s b e e n w o r k i n g on t h i s r a n c h f o r two y e a r s . M rs. D w o rk s i n a g r o c e r y and p h o to g r a p h y shop p a r t t im e . T h e i r com bined e a r n ­ i n g s l a s t y e a r w e r e $ 2 , 14-0 0 . No m e n t i o n was made o f any u n u su a l h e a l t h or f i n a n c i a l c o n d itio n . The g e n ­ e r a l im p r e s s io n o f a l o v in g and u n d e r s ta n d in g f a m i ly was g i v e n . F am ily h i s t o r y .

The f o l l o w i n g f a m i l y h i s t o r y

a p p e a r s o n t h e r e c o r d o f P . R. H. F ath er: WH. S u b je c t has n o t seen f a t h e r fo r th ree years. He w a s o p e r a t i n g a h o t e l i n W a p a t o , W ashington, a t l a s t r e p o r t . He i s o f German e x t r a c ­ t i o n and i n po or h e a l t h .

33 M other: M r s . PD. Is a n ativ e of K ansas, P ro testan t b y .re lig io n , I s em ployed a s a c l e r k i s i n p o o r h e a l t h , and and E n g l i s h e x t r a c t i o n .

R e s id in g a t R o se b u rg , O regon. w i t h some h i g h s c h o o l e d u c a t i o n , w ith r e g u la r church a tte n d a n c e . in a g ro c e ry s to r e in Roseburg, i s o f S c o tch , I r i s h , D utch

S tep fath er: PD# a g e u n k n o w n , r e s i d e s a t same a d d ­ r e s s as w i f e , an d i s em ployed as a f a r m e r . P a r e n t a l home: S u b j e c t i s o l d e s t o f t h r e e m ale -s ib lin g s by p a r e n t s ’ f i r s t m arriag e . P aren ts se p ar­ a t e d w h e n h e was a b o u t t e n o r e l e v e n y e a r s o f a g e , and s u b j e c t r e m a in e d w i t h m o th e r , o b t a i n e d em ploym ent and so s u p p o r t e d s i b l i n g s and h e r s e l f . She r e m a r r i e d i n 191+2 t o h e r p r e s e n t h u s b a n d . S u b je c t’s f a th e r also r e m a rrie d , and s u b j e c t h as h a l f b r o th e r r e s u l t i n g from t h i s m a r r ia g e , b u t he n e v e r h a s se e n him . Par­ e n t a l r e l a t i o n s were v e r y p o o r due to f a t h e r ’ s m i s ­ t r e a tm e n t o f m o th er and s u b j e c t . D i s c i p l i n e was f r e q u e n t a n d a b u s i v e on t h e f a t h e r ’ s p a r t . F ath er was v e r y n e r v o u s a n d h i g h s t r u n g . He m ade n u m e r o u s t h r e a t s on t h e l i v e s o f t h e s u b j e c t , h i s s i b l i n g s , and e v e n w en t so f a r a s to s a y h e w o u ld t a k e h i s own l i f e . S u b je ct has m ain tain ed only f a i r r e l a ti o n s w i t h h i s s t e p f a t h e r , a l t h o u g h he s t a t e s h i s s t e p f a t h e r h a s a lw a y s t r e a t e d him f a i r l y . He p r o v i d e d m o s t o f h i s own s p e n d i n g money b y h i s own e m p l o y m e n t i n o d d jo b s. He e n l i s t e d a t t h e a g e o f s e v e n t e e n . S ib lin g s: S u b j e c t , a g e 1 8 ; GH, a g e 1 1 , r e s i d i n g a t R o s e b u r g , O r e g o n ; GH, a g e 5 , h a s n o t b e e n s e e n n o r h e a r d from s i n c e th e age o f 5 . M arital h i s t o r y : S u b j e c t i s s i n g l e , an d makes h i s home w i t h m o t h e r i n R o s e b u r g , O r e g o n . Personal h i s t o r y : S u b j e c t was b o r n on A p r i l Ij.th, 1 9 3 0 , a t Yakima, W a s h in g to n . He i s a m em ber o f t h e S e v e n t h Day A d v e n t i s t s , h a s f a i r l y r e g u l a r c h u r c h atten d an ce. He c o m p l e t e d t h e e i g h t h g r a d e a t t h e age^of f i f te e n . He e n j o y e d s c h o o l b u t h a d l i t t l e a p t i t u d e f o r s c h o o l w ork. He m a i n t a i n e d a g o o d r e ­ l a t i o n s h i p w i t h the f a c u l t y , and h i s a t h l e t i c s were l i m i te d to b a s e b a l l . He d e n i e s h a v i n g a n y j u v e n i l e p o l i c e r e c o r d , and c la im s a b s t i n e n c e fro m a l c o h o l and to b a c c o . He e n l i s t e d o n A p r i l 1 3 , I 9I4.7 i n E u g e n e ,

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w ere d i v o r c e d when t h e

s u b j e c t was t e n y e a r s o f a g e .

stayed w ith h is fa th e r

fo r a s h o r t tim e,

liv e

w ith h is

w hether h i s

step -fath er.

He

t h e n went to

He s t a t e s h e c o u l d n e v e r t e l l

s t e p - f a t h e r was p l e a s e d w i t h h im o r n o t .

j e c t com pleted the

e i g h t h g ra d e at' age f i f t e e n ,

beg an d o in g r a d i o w ork.

He s t a t e s

two r a d i o r e c e i v e r s .

ways b e e n i n t e r e s t e d h a s , he say s,

created

Sub­

and th e n

t h a t he a s t o n i s h e d

e v e r y b o d y b e c a u s e when h e was i n t h e stru c te d

th at

t h i r d g r a d e he c o n ­

He s t a t e s

t h a t he has a l ­

i n r a d i o and e l e c t r i c a l w ork.

He

se v e ra l in v e n tio n s concerning ra d io

and a u to m o b ile c a r b u r e t o r s . -

He e n l i s t e d

w e n t A. W. 0 . L . a f t e r t h r e e

and a h a l f m onths i n th e

s e r v i c e b e c a u s e h i s m o th e r was i l l .

in th e n a v y and

H is m o th er and s t e p ­

37 f a t h e r w ere in n e ed a t t h a t

tim e,

and he h e lp e d s u p p o r t

them . S ubject i s

tall,

p ale,

b u t a f a i r l y w e ll developed

in d iv id u al.

He s p e a k s - c o n v i n c i n g l y ,

ledge of h i s

su b ject.

a n d s h o w s some kn ow ­

He g o e s o n t o e x p l a i n ,

in terv ie w ,

th at i t

is p o ssib le

cy lin d ers,

i n s t e a d o f an u n e q u al num ber.

th e p e o p le he t a l k e d to i n crazy,

th at i t

is

d u rin g the

to have an e q u a l num ber o f He s t a t e s

th at

the p a s t have s a id t h a t he i s

i m p o s s i b l e t o make s u c h a n i d e a w o r k .

H is r e q u e s t f o r f u r t h e r d u ty i s b a sed upon th e f a c t t h a t h e was p r o m i s e d a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o g o t o r a d i o s c h o o l . w ould l i k e ad eq u ate

t o a t t e n d one a s h e f e e l s h i s kn ow led ge i s

a t t h i s tim e.

very am b itio u s, h is

He

He s e e m s i n t e l l e c t u a l l y d u l l ,

in ­ but

and i s m aking a s t r o n g e f f o r t t o overcom e

fe e lin g s of in f e r i o r it y .

It is

a lso n o ted th a t h is

s t r o n g m o t i v a t i o n may b e t h e r e s u l t o f h i s a r r e s t f o r g r a n d l a r c e n y i n M a r c h , 1914-8 . fied

t h a t he s e r v e

serv ice

it

H is p r o b a t i o n had s p e c i ­

in the navy.

P ro g n o sis f o r f u r t h e r

is poor because o f h is p aran o id tre n d . S ubject is

u n fit fo r fu rth e r serv ice.

n o t be b e n e f i t t e d by f u r t h e r c o n fin e m e n t. record at th is

in stitu tio n .

It is

be a c c o rd e d d i s c h a r g e and c le m e n c y , m itted

to l e a v e

i n M arch,

19^49•

He w i l l

He h a s a g o o d

recom mended t h a t he and t h a t he be p e r ­

38 C lin ical record. p aranoid tren d ,

Headache a g a in to d a y .

p ro jec tio n ,

om nipotence, b i z a r r e i d e a s .

He t h i n k s

some o n e i s b e h i n d h i m .

in v en tio n

to

to rtu re h is fa th e r,

m ost a l l o f h is

tow n,

In d icates

in clu d in g

He i s p r e p a r i n g a n who, he s a y s ,

the p o lic e

owns a l ­

force*

He

th in k s h i s f a t h e r has m urdered h i s b r o t h e r because he h a s n ‘ t h e a r d fro m him f o r f i v e says,

had t r i e d

n o t th ey are

to c u t h i s

years. th ro at.

the b e s t of f r i e n d s ,

he th in k s I have f o r g o t t e n ,

H is b e s t f r i e n d , he They h a d f o u g h t , "but th a t is

im possible

t o do s u c h a t h i n g ,

t h in g anyone c a n . " b y some o n e .

o n l y w hen

b u t I w i l l g e t h i m y e t . tT

S u b j e c t a t t e m p t e d t o comm it s u i c i d e . it is

but

T hinks p e o p le

S ince he f a i l e d , since

MI c a n do a n y ­

a re a c t u a l l y m urdered

He s a y s h e h a s c o n s t r u c t e d a p l a n e t h a t

w i l l go 105 m i l e s p e r h o u r , b u t t h e W a ll S t r e e t c a p i t a l ­ i s t s keep th e p a t e n t o f f th e m a rk e t. s te a l h is

in v en tio n s.

P sychological e v a lu a tio n . fo r p sy ch o lo g ical

ev alu atio n .

W echsler-B ellevue I n t e l li g e n c e 5,

P e o p le , he s a y s ,

P . R. H. was r e f e r r e d

He w a s a d m i n i s t e r e d t h e s c a l e b y PHH o n F e b r u a r y

19k9t and was a l s o g i v e n t h e R o r s c h a c h and B e n d e r Ge- .

sta lt

T e s t s o n M a r c h 8 , 19lj-9. I n te lle c tu a l F u n ctio n in g :

S u b j e c t o b t a i n e d a n IQ

39 o f 106 a t a v e ra g e i n t e l l i g e n c e be a v a lid e stim a te of h is

He, h o w e v e r ,

T his a p p e a re d to

in te lle ctu al

down o n a t e s t o f a t t e n t i o n , of sym bols.

lev e l.

c ap acity .

as w e ll a s i n

He f e l l

quick le a r n in g

o p e r a t e d a d e q u a t e l y on t h e v a r i ­

ous s u b t e s t s r e q u i r i n g v e rb a l c a p a c ity .

He d i d v e r y w e l l

on a t e s t - o f v i s u a l m o to r c o o r d i n a t i o n .

The d o m i n a n t i m ­

p r e s s i o n was t h a t o f e x t r e m e v a r i a t i o n s fu n ctio n in g

due l a r g e l y

to be a f l a t ,

to em otional f a c t o r s .

He a p p e a r e d

u n p r o d u c t i v e i n d i v i d u a l who i s m a k i n g a

s u p e r f ic ia l ad ju stm en t. tio n ,

in i n te l l e c t u a l

However, h i s o v e rw h elm in g a m b i­

h is p erso n al am b itio n , h is

f r o m hu m an r e l a t i o n s h i p s ,

g en eral break in g

away

a n d h is" p o o r j u d g m e n t s u g g e s t s

t h a t he m ay b e f o l l o w i n g a s c h i z o p h r e n i c

tren d .

W hether

t h i s w i l l end in a p s y c h o t ic breakdown i s n o t c e r t a i n . INTERPRETATION E m otional d i s a b i l i t i e s , c ip lin e, lik e ly

c ru elty ,

and m ental a b n o rm a litie s

excessive d i s ­

i n t h e home a r e m o r e

to a f f e c t c h il d r e n a d v e r s e ly th an b i o l o g i c a l l y

in h e r ite d elem en ts. t o r n by d i s s e n s i o n , and d i s c i p l i n e ,

Youn g P . R. H . , b o r n i n t o

one i n w h ic h t h e r e was e x t r e m e c r u e l t y

and b u l l y i n g ,

who c o u l d n o t make a l i v i n g , su icid e,

a home

liv e d in a s ta te

and a m e n t a l l y ' i l l f a t h e r , a n d who c o n s t a n t l y t h r e a t e n e d

of co n stan t te rro r,

and c o u ld

ko h a rd ly

have

U nsound u r ity , and

been

d is c ip lin e , con stan t

f in a lly

d is a b ilit y

and

d itio n a l o f

the

as

he

was

p r e se n t

s e t

fo r

he

by

the

of

a

norm al

fe e lin g s

p a ren ta l

c la s s ic a l T hese

p erson .

of

in s e c ­

su p erv isio n ,

ca u ses

o f

em o tio n a l

d e fic ie n c ie s

d o m estic

to

to

t h is

w ere

en v iro n m en t

known

a

c lin g

to ,

of

m ea n in g fu l

in

a

u n c e r ta in ty

o f

co m p elled to

som e

a

h is

h is

a ll

th is

and

fa th e r

m a rtin et ea se

as

o f

ta sk s d id

h is

The

u n ex p la in ed an

m o th erly out

to

co ld

th e

s te p -fa th e r ’s

fe e lin g

d es­

so

th a t

he of

overw rought and

home

g u id ­

w o rk in g ,

som e

p o ss ib le

d o m estic

w ere

absence

needed

l i f e

and

to

th a t

a ffe c tio n o f

ever,

th e

th a t

a lrea d y

who

m ake

than

boyhood

say,

tr a ­

r e s u lt

m uch

la te r

be

a

d u rin g

d id

on

the

o p p ressio n

The

y o u n g ster,

w arm th

s e n s e le s s o f

to

where

d if f ic u l t

co n tin u ed

havoc

absence

b lo w

and

m other

home

rev ersed

sch o o l.

and

p la y ed

a

m ore

w ith

ch ild h o o d .

The

d am a g in g

i t

u n b a la n ced

h is

b roth er

was

from

o f

w ere

the

con ten d

rom ance,

had

was

p aren ts

exposed

as

she

p a rt

made

sa id ,

as

was

illn e s s

be

an ce,

H is

(Lack

the

in to

a ffe c tio n ,

a ll

he

retu rn ed

im a g in a tio n .

to

of

b eau ty,

l i t t l e

a

in

th a t

h a v in g

h im

the

can

f a c t

d a ily

o f

a fte r

h is

are

d ev elo p

d elin q u en cy .

r o le s

day

n ever

of

in j u s t ic e ,

f a t h e r ’s

terro r

i t

to

man. The

troy

la ck

d iv o rce

p ro m in en tly young

exp ected

one and

atm osphere. fo r

h im

i+ 1 l a t e r was u n q u e s t i o n a b l y a c a r r y o v e r fro m t h e o r i g i n a l fath er-so n relatio n sh ip I t was n o t a t a l l a fter

i n t h e home o f h i s own f a t h e r .

s u r p r i s i n g t h a t he w e n t A. W. 0 . L.

a s h o r t p e rio d i n the

serv ice,

sin ce

t h i s was j u s t

a n o t h e r way o f a v o i d i n g t h e r i g o r o u s d i s c i p l i n e had le a rn e d

to h a te .

The m a n ' s r e f u s a l t o p a y h i m a f t e r

he had w orked f o r s e v e r a l t h e f t o f the

t h a t he

m o n th s, w hich r e s u l t e d

in the

j e e p , was p r o b a b l y p r o m p te d b y t h e k n o w le d g e

t h a t t h e y o u n g man h a d g o n e A. W. 0 . L . a n d t h e r e f o r e c o u l d n ' t go t o e n t,

a c o u r t o f law f o r r e c o u r s e .

T his i n c i d ­

compounded w i t h h i s u n a u t h o r i z e d l e a v e ,

h is p riso n sen ten ce. th ese l a t t e r

acts.

i s n o t the i n t e n t i o n to

They were u n d e s i r a b l e ,

the c o n v ic tio n th a t o c c u rre d had t h i s

It

th is

resu lted

in

condone

but th ere

is

c h a in o f e v e n ts m ight n o t have

y o u n g man h a d a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o l i v e

a s a l l y o u n g s t e r s h a v e a n e e d and r i g h t t o l i v e , home w h e r e l o v e a n d p e a c e ,

in a

sym pathy and ■ u n d erstan d in g

a f f o r d p r o t e c t i o n a n d d i r e c t i o n to- y o u n g ,

in n o c e n t m inds.

\

In s p i t e o f h i s obvious d i s i n t e g r a t i o n ,

P . R. H. c a n ,

w ith p r o p e r a t t e n t i o n from h i s m o th er and s t e p - f a t h e r , " become r e - o r i e n t e d before.

to a h a p p ie r l i f e

t h a n h e h a d kn own

1+2

CHAPTER VI

THE CASE OP L . Adm is s i o n s u m m a r y .

T. C.

The f o l l o w i n g

o n t h e a d m i s s i o n r e c o r d o f L.

sum m ary a p p e a r s

T. C.

Summary o f o f f e n s e s : (1) F r a u d u l e n t e n l i s t m e n t . (2) U n au th o rized a b sen se. (3) C onduct to th e p r e j u d ­ ic e o f good o r d e r and d i s c i p l i n e ( a tte m p t to e s c a p e ) . Pound g u i l t y and s e n t e n c e d , and to be c o n fin e d f o r a p e r i o d o f two y e a r s , a n d t o b e d i s c h a r g e d w i t h a D. D. A pproved b y t h e c o n v e n in g a u t h o r i t y on S e p t ­ e m b e r 2 9 , 191+8 , b u t c o n f i n e m e n t i s r e d u c e d t o a p e r ­ io d o f tw elve m o n th s. C o-D efendants:

None r e p o r t e d .

I n m a t e 1s s t a t e m e n t : " I was a f r a i d t h a t I w o u l d b e c o n f i n e d f o r a l o n g t i m e b e c a u s e o f my f r a u d u l e n t ' e n l i s t m e n t and u n a u t h o r i z e d a b s e n c e , and s o I a t ­ tem p ted to e s c a p e from th e b r i g . A fte r I attem p ted t o e s c a p e t h e c h a r g e became e v e n w o r s e , a n d i t was t h e n t h a t I d e c i d e d t o p r e t e n d a s t h o u g h I w a s hom o­ se x u a l and a drug a d d i c t . I ad m itte d very f r e e l y t o s e v e r a l p e o p l e t h a t q u e s t i o n e d me b e f o r e I r e a c h e d t h i s i n s t i t u t i o n t h a t I was a h o m o s e x u a l , a n d a d r u g a d d i c t , b u t a c t u a l l y I w a s m e r e l y p u t t i n g up a f a l s e f r o n t hoping to be d isc h a rg e d because o f th e s e a c t ­ iv itie s. I c a n now s e e w h a t a t e r r i b l e m i s t a k e I made b y t r y i n g t o f a l s i f y s u c h o u t r a g e o u s c o n d u c t . I d e n y now a l l c l a i m s o f h o m o s e x u a l i t y a n d u s e o f n a rc o tic s sin ce reach in g th is i n s t i t u t i o n . I in ten d to c l e a r t h i s s i t u a t i o n up and g e t m y s e l f i n th e p r o p e r s e t up a g a i n . ” O ther i n f o r m a ti o n : The s u b j e c t d e n i e s a n y p r e ­ viou s c i v i l i a n o f f e n s e s , b u t adm its h aving e n l i s t e d i n t h e Navy on O c t o b e r 8 t h , 191+2, a n d d u r i n g t h e f i r s t e n lis tm e n t he s t a t e s he re c e iv e d a g e n e ra l c o u rt m a r t i a l f o r h a v i n g g o n e A. W. 0 . L . f o r a p e r i o d o f 29 d a y s . He w a s f o u n d g u i l t y a n d s e n t e n c e d t o two y e a r s , b u t h i s s e n t e n c e was r e d u c e d t o e i g h t m o n th s . He s e r v e d t h r e e m o n t h s o f h i s s e n t e n c e , a n d was r e -

s t o r e d to d u t y on s i x m onths p r o b a t i o n . He s t a t e s he s e r v e d h i s p r o b a t i o n p e r i o d and r e c e i v e d an h o n ­ o r a b l e d i s c h a r g e . ' He e n l i s t e d i n t h e U. S . N avy f o r t h e s e c o n d t i m e on J a n u a r y 20, 1 9 ^ 6 , and s e r v e d one y e a r and f i v e m o n th s . He w a s d i s c h a r g e d w i t h a B. C. D . , b u t w a s a w a r d e d n o c o n f i n e m e n t . He e n ­ l i s t e d f o r a t h i r d t i m e i n t h e Navy on N o v e m b e r 1I4., I 9I4.7 , a n d h a s r e c e i v e d o n e Summary C o u r t M a r t i a l , and i s a t th e p r e s e n t tim e s e r v i n g a s e n te n c e g r a n t e d by a G e n e r a l C o u r t ’ s M a r t i a l w h ic h o c c u r r e d on S e p t ­ e m b e r 2 0 , I 9I4-8 . The s u b j e c t ' s s e r v i c e r e c o r d v e r i ­ f i e s t h e s u b j e c t ' s s t a t e m e n t i n so f a r a s t h e t h i r d e n l i s t m e n t was c o n c e r n e d . I t s t a t e s the s u b j e c t e n l i s t e d o n N o v e m b e r , li}., 19U-7« S o cial h is to r y

(not v e r if ie d ) .

s o c i a l h i s t o r y was g i v e n b y t h e

su b ject,

The r e c o r d e d ; b u t no v e r i f i c a ­

t i o n h a s b e e n made o f t h e d a t a . F am ily h i s t o r y . is

The f o l l o w i n g f a m i l y h i s t o r y

g i v e n f o r L . T . C. F ath er: TMC, a g e 6 5 , S u b ject s t a t e s h is f a th e r an e i g h t h g r a d e e d u c a t i o n . liv in g in r e t i r e d s ta tu s , e r t y a s h e was t o o o l d t o

r e s i d i n g i n G l i d e , O regon. i s an a t h e i s t , and c o m p le te d He i s a t p r e s e n t t i m e having s o ld h i s ra n c h p ro p ­ a t t e n d to the ra n c h .

M other: DHL, a g e 6 l , r e s i d i n g i n R o s e b u r g , O r e ­ gon. She i s a P r o t e s t a n t by r e l i g i o n , and a t t e n d s c h u r c h s e r v i c e o c c a s i o n a l l y , and h a s c o m p le te d a ten th grade e d u ca tio n . She i s a t p r e s e n t e m p lo y ed a s a h o u s e w ife , and i s i n good h e a l t h . S u b ject s t a t e s he h a s b e e n s e n d i n g h e r a n a l l o t m e n t b e c a u s e of h e r f a i l i n g h e a l t h and o ld age. S tep m o th er: SL, a g e u n k n o w n , r e s i d i n g i n G l i d e , Oregon. She i s a t p r e s e n t em ployed as a h o u s e w i f e , and l i v i n g w i t h t h e s u b j e c t ’s f a t h e r . P a r e n t a l home: S u b j e c t i s an o n l y c h i l d o f f a t h e r ’s f i r s t m arriage. He h a s t h r e e h a l f s i b l i n g s

by h is ste p m o th e r's p re v io u s m arriag e . S u b je c t's m o th e r and f a t h e r w ere s e p a r a t e d when he was a b o u t f i v e y e a r s o f a g e , and s i n c e t h a t tim e h e h a s d i v i d e d h i s tim e b e tw e e n h i s f a t h e r ' s and m o t h e r 's homes, s t a y i n g s i x m onths a t a tim e w i t h e ac h p a r e n t . Sub­ j e c t s t a t e s h is f a t h e r o p e ra te d a la r g e sheep ra n c h , and t h a t h e s p e n t h i s tim e w i t h h i s f a t h e r a t t h a t jbanch. When h e s t a y e d w i t h h i s m o t h e r h e l i v e d i n a h o t e l i n town. The s u b j e c t s t a t e s i t was d i f f i c u l t f o r h i m t o make t h e n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t b e c a u s e o f c o n s t a n t s w it c h from one p a r e n t to th e o t h e r . He s ta te s th a t h is f a th e r is w ell fix e d f in a n c ia lly , an d t h a t h i s f a t h e r h a s a l w a y s p r o v i d e d , f o r h i m i n a b e t t e r t h a n a v e r a g e way. He s t a t e ’s t h a t h i s home l i f e h a s b e e n v e r y unhappy* p a r t l y b e c a u se o f h i s l i v i n g w ith h i s s te p m o th e r , and p a r t l y b e c a u s e o f th e s e p a r a t i o n o f th e m o ther and f a t h e r . He s t a t e s t h a t he h a d a lw a y s t h o u g h t t h a t h i s s t e p m o t h e r a l ­ w a y s t r e a t e d h e r own c h i l d r e n b e t t e r t h a n s h e t r e a t e d him , b u t he t h i n k s t h a t i s a n a t u r a l r e a c t i o n f o r a ll step c h ild re n . S ib lin g s: S u b je c t i s an o n ly c h i l d o f f a t h e r ' s f i r s t and m o t h e r 's o n ly m a r r i a g e . S te p -sib lin g s: By s t e p - m o t h e r ' s p r e v i o u s m a r r i a g e . ( 1 ) BWM, a g e IpO, r e s i d i n g i n R o s e b u r g , O r e g o n , o c c u ­ p a t i o n unknown. ( 2 ) DH, ( H u s b a n d ' s f i r s t name u n ­ known), 3 9 , r e s i d i n g in M a ry lan d , h o u s e w ife . (3) BRD, a g e 3&» r e s i d i n g i n J a p a n . O c c u p a t i o n , a rm y w orker. M arital h i s t o r y i steady g i r l f r ie n d . Personal h is to r y . i s given in

S u b ject i s

sin g le

a n d h a s no

The f o l l o w i n g p e r s o n a l h i s t o r y

t h e c a s e o f L . T. C.

S u b j e c t was b o r n on A p r i l l i | , 1 9 2 3 , a t R o s e b u r g , Oregon. He i s a P r o t e s t a n t b y r e l i g i o n , a t t e n d s c h u r c h s e r v i c e s , o c c a s i o n a l l y , a n d c l a i m s t o h a v e com­ p l e t e d an e le v e n t h g rad e e d u c a tio n . He e n t e r e d s c h o o l a t th e age o f s i x , and d i s c o n t i n u e d h i s s c h o o l­ i n g a t t h e age o f s i x t e e n , a n d w e n t t o work p l a y i n g th e p ia n o i n n i g h t c l u b s , w h e re he c la im s to have

45 a c q u ire d c o n s id e ra b le e x p e rie n c e w ith und erw o rld ch aracters. He c l a i m s t o h a v e made a v e r a g e g r a d e s in high sc h o o l. He s a y s h i s r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h h i s t e a c h e r s and o t h e r s t u d e n t s were s a t i s f a c t o r y . He s t a t e s he p la y e d t r u a n t o n ly once i n a w h i l e . He s a y s h e h a d b e e n m i s c h i e v o u s on o c c a s i o n , a n d w a s d i s c i p l i n e d f o r i t , b u t nev er in a m ajor m anner. He s t a t e s t h a t m o s t o f h i s l e i s u r e t i m e w a s s p e n t s t u d y i n g and p r a c t i s i n g m u s ic . He c l a i m s t o h a v e b e e n a m o d e r a t e d r i n k e r , b u t was n o t a d r u g a d d i c t . H i s o n l y e x p e r i e n c e w i t h n a r c o t i c s came o n l y d u r i n g h i s p e r io d in the navy. He s t a t e s h e u s e d t o t a k e m o rp h in e f r o m t h e em ergency k i t s w h i l e h e was a b o a r d th e s h i p s , and t h a t t h i s was h i s s o l e s o u r c e o f su p ­ p l y o f m o r p h in e , and h i s o n l y a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h su c h drugs. He c o n s i d e r s t h a t h e h a s h a d a n o r m a l s e x l i f e , and d e n i e s h o m o s e x u a l it y c o m p l e t e l y . He f i r s t e n l i s t e d i n t h e n a v y on O c t o b e r 8 , 1942* a n d r e e n ­ l i s t e d t w i c e s i n c e t h e n , o n c e o n J a n u a r y 2 0 , 194-6, a n d a g a i n on N o v e m b e r l 4 » 1 9 4 7 . H is d i s c h a r g e d a te w o u l d h a v e b e e n N o v e m b e r 13,- 1 9 5 0 . He c l a i m s a t o t a l of s e v e n t y m onths s e r v i c e w i t h t h i r t y m onths overseas. He h a s b e e n A. W. 0 . L . a p e r i o d o f t h r e e m onths. H is p r i n c i p a l m i l i t a r y d u t i e s w ere th e r e ­ p a ir and m a in tain an c e o f a l l ty p e s of e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t on a i r c r a f t . He w a s f i r s t c o n f i n e d f o r t h e p r e s e n t o f f e n s e M a r c h 1 0 , 1948* a n d h a s b e e n c o n fin e d f o r a p e r i o d o f n in e m onths. He c l a i m s t h e f o l l o w i n g m e d a ls and a w a r d s : A m erican a r e a , A s i a t i c , and P a c i f i c . He s t a t e s t h a t h e h a s p a r t i c i p a t e d i n o t h e r com bat a r e a s b u t c a n ' t rem ember t h e e x a c t p laces. Em ploym ent: Was e n g a g e d a s a p l a y e r i n c i v i l i a n l i f e , m o stly In th e s o u th w e s te rn p a r t o f th e U n ited S tates. H is p r i n c i p a l m i l i t a r y d u t i e s have b een th o se o f r e p a i r i n g 1and i n s t a l l i n g a l l ty p e s o f e l e c t r i c a l d ev ices fo r a i r c r a f t . H i s D. 0 . T. i s 0 - 2 4 - 1 2 ( p i a n o and o r g a n p l a y i n g ) . H is navy c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s 56900. At t h e p r e s e n t tim e he seems to be i n t e r e s t e d i n f i n i s h i n g h i s h i g h s c h o o l work w h ile c o n f i n e d h e r e . He w o u l d a l s o l i k e t o c o n t i n u e h i s m u s i c a l w o r k w h i l e here. R esiden ce: A t t h e p r e s e n t tim e he c l a i m s r e s i ­ dence w ith h i s m o th er i n R o seb u rg , O regon. R elease p l a n s :

S u b ject plans

to r e t u r n . t o

h is

ij.6

m o th er’s re sid e n c e work t h e r e .

in R oseburg,

Oregon,

and f i n d

R esources: S u b j e c t h a s a 193^ c a r i n h i s m o t h e r 's name b u t s t a t e s h e i s . t h e o w n e r . I n t e r v i e w e r ' s im pressi o n . fiv e y ears o ld , w h ite,

The s u b j e c t i s

s i n g l e , m ale.

He i s

O regon, o f t y p i c a l A m erican p a r e n t a g e , re lig io n ,

tw en ty -

a n ativ e of

a P r o t e s t a n t by

and h a s c o m p le te d a t e n t h g rad e e d u c a ti o n .

He

a p p e a r s t o be i n g o o d p h y s i c a l h e a l t h and above n o rm a l in in te llig e n c e .

He h a s a f a i r l y p l e a s i n g p e r s o n a l i t y ,

b u t seems t o be s e l f - c o n s c i o u s w i t h f e e l i n g s o f i n f e r i o r ­ ity

ev id en t.

d e a l due t o It

e v id e n t t h a t he h a s s u f f e r e d a g r e a t

t h e u n p l e a s a n t n e s s o f h i s home e n v i r o n m e n t .

seems h i g h l y p r o b a b l e

tru th is

It is

th at

a t the p r e s e n t tim e.

the

su b ject is

te llin g

the

I n so f a r a s h i s p a s t h i s t o r y

c o n c e r n e d i n t h e U. S . N a v y ,

it

is p o ssib le

t h a t he

h a s b e e n p u t t i n g up a f a l s e f r o n t a s f a r a s n a r c o t i c s and h o m o s e x u a l i t y a r e to b e lie v e w hile

concerned.

There i s

every reaso n

t h a t h e w i l l m ak e a r e a s o n a b l e a d j u s t m e n t

in t h is

in stitu tio n .

I t is

recommended t h a t t h e

s u b j e c t be g iv e n t r e a tm e n t or o b s e r v a t i o n by th e p s y c h i ­ a trist

to u n e a r th any p r e s e n t l y o b sc u re d t e n d e n c i e s .

sh o w s a f a v o r a b l e in stitu tio n , tain

a ll

a ttitu d e

tow ard h i s

and seems to be s i n c e r e

th e b e n e f i t s o f f e r e d by t h i s

confinem ent in in h is d e sire in stitu tio n .

He th is

to ob­ It

is

1+7 the

o p in io n o f t h i s

in te rv ie w e r t h a t the

s u b j e c t w i l l be

a poor p ro b a tio n a ry r i s k because of h is p rev io u s o ffe n s e s and h i s

seem ingly m a la d ju s te d p e r s o n a l i t y . R ecom m endations:

tio n ab le

C lose c u s t o d y (b e c a u s e o f q u e s ­

c ircu m stan ces o f c a s e ).

T ransfer not in d ic ate d .

A ssignm ent to W e lfa re and R e c r e a t i o n a l D e p artm en t i f p o ssib le. P sy ch iatric fiv e

years o ld ,

rep o rt.

w hite,

S ubject s ta te s p a re n ts y ears o f age,

S u b j e c t n a m e d man i s

who r e q u e s t s r e s t o r a t i o n t o d u t y . s e p a r a t e d when h e w a s a b o u t f i v e

an d b e c a u s e o f a c o u r t o r d e r he was to s p e n d

s i x m onths o f t h e y e a r w ith each o f h i s p a r e n t s . ity ,

he s p e n t most of h i s

saw l i t t l e

of h is

tim e w ith h i s

own p a r e n t s .

were good to him , d iffic u ltie s,

tw enty-

In r e a l ­

g ran d p aren ts,

and

The p a t e r n a l g r a n d p a r e n t s

a n d t h e r e was n o h i s t o r y o f a n y s e r i o u s

o th e r th an a la c k o f adequate

He c o m p l e t e d t h e e l e v e n t h g r a d e a t

the

su p erv isio n .

age o f s e v e n t e e n ,

a n d s h o r t l y a f t e r t h i s h e e n l i s t e d i n t h e ra r m y a n d was disch arg ed a f t e r

s i x m onths b e c a u se o f h i s

S u b ject e n lis te d an h o n o r a b l e d i s c h a r g e out of the liste d . leav e)

i n t h e n a v y i n 191+2, a n d r e c e i v e d i n 191+5*

He s t a t e s

t h a t he rem a in e d

s e r v i c e f o r e i g h t y - e i g h t days and th e n r e e n ­

He s t a t e s for

age.

t h a t h e h a d b e e n A.

two d a y s ,

0. L.

( a b s e n t on

r e c e i v e d a Summary C o u r t M a r t i a l ,

1+8

f a i l e d on p r o b a t i o n ,

a n d r e c e i v e d a B. C. D.

D ischarge)

A fter

i n 191+7.

th is,

he s t a t e s ,

home t o h i s m o t h e r .

He h a d s e v e r a l

liste d

He s t a t e s

in

the navy.

c h a rg e d w ith m isdem eanor.

(Bad C o n d u c t he r e t u r n e d

jo b s and th e n r e - e n ­

he d i d w e l l u n t i l h e w a s

S u b j e c t s t a t e s he t o l d d o c t o r

he was a d r u g a d d i c t to e s c a p e

confinem ent.

sta te s,

He s t a t e s h e l a t e r m ad e a n

how ever,

is not tru e .

T his,

he

a tt e m p t to e s c a p e fro m th e b r i g . S u b ject i s

a w e ll developed,

of average i n te l li g e n c e .

and a c t iv e

in d iv id u al

He t e l l s , a c o n v i n c i n g s t o r y ,

clam ing a l l o f h i s d i f f i c u l t y

on h i s

d esire

to e s c a p e c o n ­

fin em en t.

He s t a t e s

was a d r u g

ad d ict.

the p a s t.

He s t a t e s t h a t h e h a d b e e n t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m t h e

P a cific was n o t .

t h a t t o g e t a n y t h i n g he w o u ld s a y he T h is had w orked s a t i s f a c t o r a l l y i n

a r e a b e c a u s e h e was a d r u g a d d i c t , w h ic h h e r e a l l y I t was j u s t h i s m eans o f g e t t i n g b a c k home.

now b l a m e s h i m s e l f f o r a l l

the d i f f i c u l t i e s ,

t h a t he s h o u l d h a v e u s e d b e t t e r in te rv ie w he

took p a in s

t h a t were f a v o r a b l e

judgm ent.

He

and s t a t e s

Throughout the

to e m p h a size o n ly t h o s e p o i n t s

to him ,

and e v a d e d m aking any s t a t e ­

m e n t t h a t w o u l d h a v e p r o v e d d e t r i m e n t a l t o h i s own w e l f a r e . T his i s

c o n s i s t e n t w ith h i s p a s t m e d ic a l r e c o r d , w hich i n ­

d ic a te s p a th o lo g ic a l ly in g

and i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y .

e x c e s s i v e d r i n k i n g and o v e r t h o m o se x u a l a c t i v i t y

He a d m i t s w ithout

49 any d i s p l a y o f e m o tio n a l .concern.

He s h o w s l i t t l e

s i g h t i n t o h i s p r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n and i s and s e c l u s i v e . c u lt situ atio n

W henever he i s d u rin g the

em o tio n ally , f l a t

co n fro n ted w ith a d i f f i ­

c o u rse of the

i n t e r v i e w he b e ­

comes v e r y e v a s i v e due to h i s o b v i o u s a n x i e t y . c rip tiv e but

the

A des­

d i a g n o s i s w ould be a p s y c h o p a th ic p e r s o n a l i t y , im p ressio n i s

of a sch izo p h ren ic p a tte r n .

t h e r s t u d i e s w i l l be m a d e . facto ry

in ­

S u b j e c t s h o u l d make a s a t i s «

a d ju stm en t w ith h e lp .

Clem ency i s

Fur­

He i s

in terested

in m usic.

suggested.

T reatm ent r e q u e s t r e p o r t . group th e ra p y s e s s io n s J a n u a r y 1 1 , 194-9•

S u b ject a tte n d e d th ree

( g r o u p V) f r o m D e c e m b e r 1 ,

He p a r t i c i p a t e d

activ ely

194-8*

in the d i s ­

c u s s i o n and seem ed to e n j o y t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o e x p r e s s cy n icism ,

and d i s i l l u s i o n m e n t ,

q u e n tly as p o s s i b l e .

u s in g "b ig w ords" as f r e ­

T h i s c a u s e d him t o a n t a g o n i z e

o t h e r members o f t h e g r o u p .

the

He s t a t e d a t o n e s e s s i o n

t h a t he d i d n ’ t t h i n k h i s p u n i s h m e n t e x c e s s i v e

co n sid erin g

h i s crim e. I t had been n o ted in p rev io u s p s y c h ia tr ic

rep o rts

t h a t he h a d b e e n c h a r a c t e r i z e d a s a s e r i o u s

sexual d e v i­

a te ,

However, he

and a g e n e r a l l y p e r v e r t e d i n d i v i d u a l .

c la im e d t h a t he had o r i g i n a l l y d e s c r i b e d h i m s e l f i n term s in o r d e r to g e t a d i s c h a r g e from th e

serv ice.

th ese He

50 w i l l be g i v e n f u r t h e r p s y c h o l o g i c a l dual

treatm en t as re q u ire d .

testin g

and i n d i v i ­

He s a y s h e w i l l c o m p l e t e

h is h ig h sch o o l e d u c a tio n w hile he i s h e re ,

and r e t u r n

t o p l a y i n g t h e p i a n o w he n h e g e t s b a c k t o c i v i l i a n P sych ological

ev alu atio n .

life..

S u b j e c t was a d m i n i s t ­

e re d the W e c h sle r-B e lle v u e and R orschach T e s ts . 1.

In te lle c tu a l fu n ctio n in g :

S u b ject obtained

a n IQ o f 1 2 7 a t s u p e r i o r l e v e l o f i n t e l l i g e n c e . probable t h a t i f in te lle ctu al

i t were n o t f o r e m o t i o n a l f a c t o r s ,

l e v e l m ight have been h i g h e r .

i s notew orthy f o r

I t is

a v ery h ig h block d e sig n ,

su p e rio r m o to r-v isu al co o rd in atio n .

The s c o r i n g in d icatin g

He d i d r e l a t i v e l y

p o o r l y on t h e d i g i t s p a n a n d a r i t h m e t i c

reasoning.

f a l l i n g o f f i n th e d i g i t s p a n c o u ld be a t t r i b u t e d tio n a l

b locking.

However,

c o u l d n o t be e x p l a i n e d

t o emo­

so e a s i l y s i n c e t h i s

is

a test re­

in a d d itio n to lo g ­

th in k in g . 2.

P erso n ality

w a s. a v e r y u n u s u a l o n e , com pletion. th is

The

the poor a r ith m e tic re a so n in g

q u ir in g a t t e n t i o n and c o n c e n tra tio n , ical

h is

stru c tu re : req u irin g

The f i n d i n g f r o m t h i s

The R o r s c h a c h P r o t o c o l tw o s e s s i o n s f o r i t s test

in d icates

is b a s i c a l l y a sch izo p h ren ic p e r s o n a lity ,

a u tistic

t r e n d s , w hich a re s t r o n g l y r e p r e s s e d .

he shows i n t e l l i g e n t o r i g i n a l

ideas,

he a t th e

th at

w ith , many A lthough same t i m e

51 d o e s n ' t se e m c a p a b l e be r e q u i r e d f o r

s u c c e s s i n any f i e l d ,

t o be i n t e r e s t e d . e n t tim e. tle

He i s

su c h a s w ould

i n w h i c h h e seems .

somewhat r e p r e s s e d a t t h e p r e s ­

He s e e m s t o b e e m o t i o n a l l y i m m a t u r e , w i t h l i t ­

in sig h t.

th is

of s u s ta in e d a c t i v i t y

He i s ,

how ever,

self c ritic a l,

does n o t a p p e a r to be o f such a n a tu r e

to s e l f

im provem ent.

althou gh as to le a d

He m a n i f e s t s m a r k e d a n x i e t y f e e l ­

i n g s w h i c h h e s e e m s t o be r e p r e s s i n g . Summary a n d c o n c l u s i o n s .

T his tw e n ty - f i v e y e a r

o l d w h i t e m ale was r e f e r r e d f o r p s y c h o l o g i c a l e v a l u a t i o n . He o b t a i n e d a n IQ, o f 1 2 7 a t s u p e r i o r l e v e l ,

a lth o u g h he

i s probably of a very

lev e l.

su p erio r i n te lle c tu a l

The

g e n e r a l im p re s s io n from th e t e s t i s o f a s c h i z o i d p e r ­ s o n a lity , w ith s tro n g ly re p re ss e d sc h izo p h re n ic c ie s.

He m a n i f e s t s

fee lin g s

some r e p r e s s i o n a s w e l l a s s t r o n g

of an x iety .

A t p r e s e n t h e s e e m s t o be m a k i n g

an a d e q u a te a d ju s tm e n t to lik e ly v ate

ten d en ­

confinem ent.

However,

it

is

t h a t t h e p r o l o n g e d c o n f i n e m e n t may g r e a t l y a g g r a ­

th e u n d e r l y i n g p a t h o l o g i c a l com ponents,

s u lt in a fra n k ly p sy ch o tic

ep iso d e

a n d may r e ­

( o f w h ic h he h a s a l ­

read y had a t l e a s t o n e ).

He s h o u l d b e s e e n f o r i n d i v i ­

dual

tim e.

th e ra p y from tim e

to

52

INTERPRETATION C. L . T. h a s b e e n d e s c r i b e d b y b o t h t h e p s y c h i a t ­ rist

and p s y c h o l o g i s t as p s y c h o p a t h i c and s c h i z o p h r e n i c .

By h i s

own a d m i s s i o n ,

dope a d d i c t ,

w hich he l a t e r

though a m ild o ne,

den ied ,

h e was a

and o v e r t l y h o m o s e x u a l.

I t was v e r y a p p a r e n t t h a t h i s p e r s o n a l i t y h a d become d i s ­ o rganized.

I t is p referab le

to

c la s s if y h is c o n d itio n

a s a ’’p s y c h o p a t h i c s t a t e , ” w h i c h i s

a d e s c r i p t i o n o f one

who i s p o o r l y e q u i p p e d t o m e e t t h e d e m a n d s o f t h e e n v i r ­ onm ent. but

The d e f i c i e n c y a p p e a r s n o t i n t h e i n t e l l e c t ,

in m a tte rs o f decency, h o n e sty ,

o th ers. upon,

In d iv id u a ls of t h is

or co n sid eratio n fo r

ty p e can n o t be d ep en d ed

and seem to be u n a b l e t o f u n c t i o n i n any p e r m a n e n t

p o sitio n .

D o rc u s an d Shaffer'*' p o i n t o u t i n s p e a k i n g o f

the p sy c h o p a th ic s t a t e

th at:

o u r p r e s e n t know ledge,

o r l a c k o f know ledge,

the p o s s i b i l i t y

th a t in

”I t

i s m u ch w i s e r i n v i e w o f

some i n s t a n c e s

to a p p re c ia te

the d i s o r d e r s a r e

the outgrow th of poor o r u n f o r tu n a te en v iro n m en tal circu m ­ sta n c e s.”

In speaking f u r t h e r about t h is

out th a t:

’’T h e i r d e l i n q u e n c y ,

tib ility

vagrancy,

to d ru g and a l c o h o l i c a d d i c t i o n ,

sta te

they p o in t

and r e a d y s u s c e p ­ and s e x u a l i r -

^ D o r c u s and S h a f f e r , Te& tbook o f A bnorm al P s y c h o ­ lo g y . B a ltim o r e , M aryland: W i l l i a m s a n d W i l k i n s Com pany, 19 55» P* 14-21.

re g u la ritie s,

a s w e l l a s i n c r i m i n a l b e h a v i o r , make t h e m 2 im portant s o c ia l p ro b le m s.” P a rtrid g e c o n s id e rs the d i s ­

o r d e r s from a w ider s o c i o l o g i c a l ' v ie w p o in t, p r e f e r to d e s c r ib e is

the

c o n d itio n as s o c io p a th ic .

an e x c e l l e n t exam ple o f an u n f o r t u n a t e

fec tin g

and w ould

a p e rso n ality .

C. T . L .

environm ent a f ­

H is b e in g s h u t t l e d b etw een h i s

m o t h e r ’ s and f a t h e r ' s homes e v e r y s i x m o n th s ,

and h i s

w ith d ra w a l from t h a t u n p le a s a n t s i t u a t i o n by g o in g to l i v e w ith h is g ra n d -p a re n ts,

h is co n v ictio n th a t h is

m o th e r d i d n ’t t r e a t him w e l l , home c o n d i t i o n s w e r e f a c t o r s p sychopathic c o n d itio n , ing o f s e c u r i t y ,

and h i s g e n e r a lly u n s e t t l e d th a t ev en tu ally created h is

A youn g ster w ith o u t lo v e,

d esirab le

d irec tio n ,

and w i t h o u t m o r a l i n s t r u c t i o n , long in g C.

is

T. L . ' s

step ­

a fee l­

and com panionship,

or la c k in g a sense of be­

a l m o s t i n e v i t a b l y b o u n d t o become a d e l i n q u e n t . d e p a r tu r e from s c h o o l, h i s f r i e n d s h i p w ith u n ­

d erw orld c h a r a c t e r s ,

h is

in d u lg en ce

in dope,

h i s hom o sex u ality , h i s la c k of courage, h is du lg en ces, h is ex ce ssiv e a n x ie ty , h is p a th o lo g ica l ly in g ,

h is

serv ice

and l i q u o r , a u tistic

d e p re ssio n ,

h is

in s u b o rd in a tio n are a l l

e v id e n c e s o f a d i s o r d e r e d c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y stem from h i s u n f o r t u n a t e

2

G. p a th ic P e rso n a lity ," 1 9 3 0 , 1 0 , No. 1 .

in ­

ch ild h o o d .

I t is

th at

q u ite p o ssib le

E. P a r t r i d g e , " C u r r e n t C o n c e p tio n s o f P s y c h o ­ A m erican J o u r n a l o f P s y c h o lo g y , J u l v .

CHAPTER V I I THE CASE OP C. U. K. Admi s s i o n s u m m a r y .

The f o l l o w i n g su m m ary a p p e a r s

o n t h e a d m i s s i o n r e c o r d o f C. M. K. In stan t o ffen se: (1) U n a u th o r iz e d a b se n c e from F e b r u a r y If, 194-9 t o M a r c h 7» 1 9k-9> (2) B reaking arrest. C o-D efen d an ts:

None i n d i c a t e d .

I n m a t e *s s t a t e m e n t : ,rI w a s s t a t i o n e d a b o a r d t h e U. S . S . S y r a c u s e a n d h a d b e e n j u s t g i v e n a Summary C o u r t ' s M a r t i a l , when I b r o k e a r r e s t , a n d w e n t A. W. 0. L. I was g o n e f o r a b o u t f i f t e e n d a y s . I broke a r r e s t and went over the h i l l because I had re c e iv e d w o r d f r o m my f a t h e r t h a y my s i s t e r h a d b e e n h u r t s e r i o u s l y a n d was n o t e x p e c t e d t o l i v e . I had asked t h e C a p t a i n f o r e m e rg e n c y l e a v e , b u t was r e f u s e d b e ­ c a u s e o f my d i s c i p l i n a r y s t a t u s . I to o k th in g s in to my own h a n d s , w e n t o v e r t h e h i l l , a n d v i s i t e d my fam ily . I was o n my way t o S a n D i e g o , w he n I w a s a r r e s t e d by th e c i v i l i a n a u t h o r i t i e s i n Los A n g e l e s , C a l i f o r n i a , on s u s p i c i o n o f r o b b e r y . I was r e l e a s e d to th e c u s to d y o f th e N aval Shore P a t r o l on a b o u t M a r c h 7> l p l p p . I w a s f i n a l l y d e l i v e r e d t o my s h i p a b o u t M arch 12, 1 9 ^ 9 . W h i l e I was o v e r t h e h i l l I u s e d my own n a m e , w o r e c i v i l i a n c l o t h e s , a n d was unem ployed th e e n t i r e t i m e . ” S u p p le m e n ta r y i n f o r m a t i o n : S u b j e c t was r e t u r n e d t o t h e U. S . S . S y r a c u s e b y t h e S h o r e P a t r o l i n W i l ­ m i n g t o n , W a s h i n g t o n , o n J a n u a r y 25>, 1 9b-9 • He was made a p r i s o n e r - a t - l a r g e b y t h e c o m m a n d i n g o f f i c e r . He w a s g i v e n a Summary C o u r t ' s M a r t i a l , a n d p r i o r to th e p u b l i c a t i o n o f th e s e n te n c e b ro k e a r r e s t on F e b r u a r y Ip, 194-9 * w h i l e a p r i s o n e r a t l a r g e . He was a p p r e h e n d e d by t h e c i v i l i a n a u t h o r i t e s a t Los A n g e l e s , C a l i f o r n i a , M a r c h 3» 194-9, a n d was d e l i v e r e d t o t h e U. S . S h o r e P a t r o l , N a v a l D i s c i p l i n a r y B a r r a c k s , San Pedro, C a lif o r n ia . He was r e t u r n e d t o U. S . S . S y r ­ a c u s e on M a r c h 1 2 , 1 9k-9» a n d w a s r e c o m m e n d e d f o r a G eneral C ourt M a rtia l. He was t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e

£5 U. S . N a v a l H o s p i t a l , S a n D i e g o , i n a d i s c i p l i n a r y s t a t u s f o r m ental o b s e r v a t i o n , tr e a tm e n t, and d i s ­ p o s i t i o n p r i o r to a reco m m en d atio n b e in g s u b m i t t e d to the co nvening a u t h o r i t i e s . He w a s d e e m e d s u i t ­ a b le f o r m i l i t a r y d u ty by the m ed ical o f f i c e r . P ar­ a g r a p h n u m b e r 21 s t a t e s : ’’The s u b j e c t ’ s h e a l t h r e ­ c o r d sh o w s h i m a s b e i n g m e n t a l l y c o m p e t e n t i a n d r e s p o n s i b l e f o r h i s a c t i o n s now a n d i n t h e p a s t . O ther in f o r m a tio n : The s u b j e c t r e a d i l y a d m i t s h a v in g been a r r e s t e d in B rem erto n , W ashington, f o r car th e ft. He w a s a r r a i g n e d i n c o u r t , a n d s e n t e n c e d t o two y e a r s s u s p e n d e d s e n t e n c e o n two y e a r s p r o b a ­ tio n . The s u b j e c t s t a t e s t h a t he i s s u p p o s e d t o r e p o r t to th e p r o b a t i o n o f f i c e r from th e B rem erton D i s t r i c t once a m onth. He a l s o a d m i t s h a v i n g b e e n a r r e s t e d i n L o s A n g e l e s , C a l i f o r n i a , o n M a r c h 3> 194-9, on s u s p i c i o n o f r o b b e r y . He w a s r e l e a s e d i n t o the c u sto d y o f th e shore p a t r o l . His r e c o r d i n d i ­ c a t e s t h a t h e h a s r e c e i v e d o n e Cgp t a i n ’s M a s t , a n d o n e Summary C o u r t M a r t i a l . S o c ia l

H isto r y .

F am ily H i s t o r y .

(N ot

v e r if ie d ) .

The f o l l o w i n g f a m i l y h i s t o r y a p ­

p e a r s o n t h e r e c o r d o f C. M. K. F ath er: IRK, a g e 7 0 , r e s i d i n g i n U t a h . Is a n a t i v e o f U t a h , a Mormon b y r e l i g i o n , a t t e n d s c h u r c h r e g u l a r l y , and h a s h a d v e r y l i t t l e f o r m a l e d u c a t i o n . I s a t p r e s e n t unem ployed, and h i s p r e s e n t h e a l t h i s b a d due t o o l d a g e . M other: RCK, a g e 5 6 , r e s i d i n g w i t h h u s b a n d , a n a t i v e o f U t a h , Mormon b y r e l i g i o n , a t t e n d s c h u r c h reg u la rly . Has h a d s e v e n y e a r s o f s c h o o l i n g . Is p r e s e n t l y em ployed as h o u s e w if e , and i s i n p o o r h e a l t h , s u f f e r i n g from c a n c e r . P a r e n t a l home* The s u b j e c t i s t h e f i r s t o f two s i b l i n g s b y h i s m o t h e r ’s t h i r d m a r r i a g e . The s u b j e c t was b o r n i n Ogden, U t a h , and l i v e d t h e r e m o s t o f h i s life . H i s p a r e n t s own t h e i r own h o m e , w h i c h i s a s i x feoom h o u s e l o c a t e d i n t h e r e s i d e n t i a l d i s t r i c t

56 o f th e com m unity. He s a y s h i s p a r e n t s h a v e a l w a y s m a i n t a i n e d a c o n g e n i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h him , and so h a s t h e r e s t o f t h e f a m i l y . S ta te s th a t his f a t h e r h a s alw ays b e e n em ployed as a f a r m e r ,^ a n d h a s e a r n e d a r e a s o n a b l y good incom e. He c l a i m s t o h a v e r u n a w a y f r o m home two o r t h r e e t i m e s , b u t s t a t e s i t was h i s d e s i r e f o r a d v e n t u r e r a t h e r t h a n any m is u n d e r s ta n d in g w ith h i s p a r e n t s . He s a y s h i s p a r e n t s were alw ays e x tr e m e ly l a x in t h e i r d i s c i p ­ l i n e , a n d a l l o w e d h i m t o do a s h e p l e a s e d . H is p a r ­ e n t s f u r n i s h e d w i t h a l l t h e n e c e s s a r y money n e e d e d . He s a i d t h e y w e r e t o o g e n e r o u s a n d s p o i l e d h i m i n many w a y s . He s a i d t h e c h i l d r e n i n h i s c o m m u n i t y w ere w e l l d i s c i p l i n e d and law a b i d i n g . He s a y s h e r e m a i n e d a t home w i t h h i s p a r e n t s u n t i l t h e t i m e h e e n l i s t e d i n t h e U. S . N a v y o n May 2 5 , 191+8« S ib lin g s: (1) S u b j e c t , age 1 8 , r e s i d i n g a t Ogden, U ta h . ( 2 ) GK, a g e 1 6 ( s i s t e r ) r e s i d i n g w i t h p a r e n t s a t Ogden, U t a h . H alf s i b l i n g s : ( 1 ) DHL, a g e 3 2 , r e s i d i n g a t P ortsm outh, V ir g in ia , m a rrie d . ( 2 ) WSL, a g e 29 > r e s i d i n g a t T u s c o n , A ri zo n a , s i n g l e . ( 3 ) HEL, a g e 26, r e s i d i n g a t W inslow , A r i z o n e , s i n g l e . M arital h i s to r y : S u b ject i s sin g le a t p re s e n t, and s t a t e s he h a s no r e g u l a r g i r l f r i e n d . Personal h is to r y .

The f o l l o w i n g p e r s o n a l h i s t o r y

a p p e a r s o n t h e r e c o r d o f C. M. K. S u b j e c t w a s b o r n J a n u a r y 3> 1931> a t O g d e n , U t a h . He i s a Mormon b y r e l i g i o n , a t t e n d s s e r v i c e s r e g u ­ l a r l y , and c la im s to have co m p lete d a t e n t h g rad e e d u catio n . He s t a r t e d s c h o o l a t s i x y e a r s o f a g e , and d i s c o n t i n u e d s c h o o l a t t h e age o f s e v e n t e e n i n o rd er to e n te r th e navy. He c l a i m s t o h a v e r e c e i v e d average grad es in school. H is r e l a t i o n s h i p s a t sc h o o l were s a t i s f a c t o r y , b o th w i t h t e a c h e r s and c l a s s m a t e s . He a d m i t s o c c a s i o n a l t r u a n c y , a n d w a s r e t a r d e d i n the f i r s t grade. He s a y s t h a t h e e n j o y e d s c h o o l , and to o k an a c t i v e p a r t i n s c h o o l s p o r t s , show ing p r e f e r e n c e f o r t r a c k , and b a s e b a l l , and c la im s to h a v e won a l e t t e r i n b o x i n g . He c l a i m s t o h a v e b e e n a f r e q u e n t u s e r o f m o rp h in e w h i l e he was i n s e r v i c e .

57 He s a y s h e w a s i n t r o d u c e d t o t h e u s e o f n a r c o t i c s w h i l e on b o a r d s h i p . He a s s e r t s h e w a s g i v e n some o f th e d ru g w h ile i l l a b o a rd s h i p , and t h a t a f t e r ­ w a r d s , a l t h o u g h h e was p ro n o u n c e d t o be w e l l he s t i l l f e l t a c ra v in g f o r m orphine. He c l a i m s t o h a v e v i s ­ i t e d T ia Ju a n a , M exico, to r e c e i v e i n j e c t i o n s o f m orphine. He c l a i m s t o b e a p e r i o d i c d r i n k e r , a n d s a y s h e h a s h a d a' n o r m a l s e x l i f e . The s u b j e c t c la im s to have p e c u l i a r n i g h t m a re s, and t h a t he h a s a p e c u lia r se n sa tio n of h earin g s p i r i t u a l v oices t a l k i n g t o him a t v a r i o u s tim e s o f th e day an d n i g h t . He a t t r i b u t e s t h e s e n s a t i o n t o a f o r m e r g i r l f r i e n d , and c l a i m s t h a t i t i s h e r v o i c e t h a t he h e a r s . He c la im s t h a t he c o n s i d e r s h i m s e l f a m i s f i t i n l i f e b e c a u s e he h a s t r o u b l e g e t t i n g a l o n g w i t h p e o p l e . He s a y s h e w o u l d r a t h e r b e b y h i m s e l f t h a n w i t h o th ers. He f i r s t e n l i s t e d i n t h e n a v y o n May 25* 194-8 , a n d h a s h a d c o n t i n u o u s s e r v i c e s i n c e t h a t tim e. He c l a i m s a t o t a l o f t w e l v e m o n t h s s e r v i c e w ith e i g h t m onths o v e r s e a s . He h a s b e e n A. W. 0 . L . about t h i r t y - f i v e days. H is p r i n c i p l e d u t i e s sin b e e n l i s t i n g hav e b e e n b a r b e r and seam an. He c l a i m s t o h a v e b e e n a b a r b e r f o r two m o n t h s o n t h e U. S . S . Syracuse. The s u b j e c t w a s c o n f i n e d f o r p r e s e n t o f ­ f e n s e o n M a r c h 7> 1 9 4 9 , a n d h a s b e e n c o n f i n e d a p p r o x ­ i m a t e l y two m o n t h s . He s a y s h e w o u l d l i k e t o a p p l y f o r an a l l o w a n c e f o r h i s m o t h e r w h i l e h e i s c o n f i n e d . S u b j e c t d i v u l g e s t h e f a c t t h a t he was i n v o l v e d i n a s e r i o u s a u t o m o b i l e a c c i d e n t i n 1 9 3 7 i n w h i c h two p e o p le w ere k i l l e d . He s t a t e s h e d i d n ' t r e c e i v e any s e r i o u s i n j u r i e s , b u t had s u f f e r e d a se v e re sh o ck and was h o s p i t a l i z e d f o r f o u r d a y s . E m ploym ent: S u b j e c t c la im s no c i v i l i a n em ploy­ m e n t o t h e r t h a n o d d j o b s d u r i n g t h e summer m o n t h s a s t r u c k d r i v e r and s e r v i c e s t a t i o n a t t e n d a n t . H is navy job c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s b a r b e r . S u b je c t says he w o u ld l i k e to be a s s i g n e d to t h e f l a g l o f t o r t h e b a r b e r sh o p , and w ould l i k e to a t t e n d th e D i e s e l School. R esidence; D e c e m b e r , 1 9 3 8 t o May, 1 9 4 5 . O g d e n , U tah; May, 1 9 4 5 t o May, 1 9 4 6 , P r o v o , U t a h ; May, 194-0 t o May, 194-9, O g d e n , U t a h , w h i c h h e c l a i m s i s h i s home. R elease P l a n s ; The s u b j e c t s t a t e s he w o u l d l i k e t o be r e s t o r e d t o d u t y . I f aw arded h i s d i s c h a r g e ,

58

he p la n s

t o r e t u r n home a n d w o r k .

R esources:

C laim s to have $ 1 5 0 .0 0 i n

I n t e r v i e w e r 1s i m p r e s s i o n s . eig h teen year o ld , d u rin g the h e alth .

w h ite,

in te rv iew He a p p e a r s

m ale.

The s u b j e c t i s

flic ts.

an

He w a s v e r y c o o p e r a t i v e

an d a p p e a r s t o be i n g o o d p h y s i c a l to be of average I n t e l l i g e n c e .

s u b j e c t seems t o be a f r u s t r a t e d , in d iv id u a l,

savings.

nervous,

The

d isillu sio n ed

a n d s e e m s t o h a v e some p e c u l i a r m e n t a l c o n ­

I t i s noted th a t

f o r m ental d i s o r d e r s .

the s u b je c t i s u n d e r o b s e r v a tio n

Some o f h i s

sta te m e n ts during

the

i n t e r v i e w g i v e r e a s o n to b e l i e v e t h a t he s h o u l d be p l a c e d u n d e r c l o s e o b s e r v a t i o n so t h a t

the p s y c h i a t r i s t ,

p s y c h o l o g is t can c o n d u c t a com plete a n a l y s i s . j e c t d i s p l a y s a norm al a t t i t u d e th is

in stitu tio n

and i t

a d i s c i p l i n a r y problem . view er t h a t

The s u b ­

tow ard c o n fin e m e n t a t

i s n o t l i k e l y t h a t h e w i l l b ecom e I t is

the

o p in io n o f th e

In ter­

th e s u b j e c t w ould be a p o o r p r o b a t i o n a r y r i s k

because of h is

q u e s t i o n a b l e m e n t a l and p h y s i c a l a b i l i t i e s .

R ecom m endations: in d icated ,

and

assig n

p sy ch o lo g ical

M edium c u s t o d y ,

tran sfer not

to th e b a r b e r shop o r f l a g

lo ft after

and p s y c h i a t r i c e x a m i n a t i o n .

P s y c h i a t r i s t 1s r e p o r t . eig h teen year o ld ,

S ub ject,

C. M. K . , i s

an

w h i t e , m a l e who r e q u e s t s r e t u r n t o d u t y .

He h a s b e e n u n d e r p s y c h i a t r i c iod a t t h i s f e r r e d to

in stitu tio n ,

o b se rv a tio n during h is p e r ­

and on J u l y 5 ,

t h e U. S . N a v a l H o s p i t a l ,

for fu rth er

19k9, was t r a n s ­

Long B e a c h ,

C a lifo rn ia

tre a tm e n t and d i s p o s i t i o n .

S u b j e c t r e a r e d i n a m a r g i n a l f a r m home, t h e o l d e s t o f two c h i l d r e n .

and i s

C o n d i t i o n s i n t h e home w e r e

d i f f i c u l t d ue t o t h e a d v a n c e d a g e o f t h e p a r e n t s , th eir in a b ility fath er

sta te d

t o a d e q u a t e l y s u p p o r t t h e h om e.

to be i n t h e

ceived l i t t l e

S u b je c t's

s e v e n t i e s and u n a b le t o w ork.

T here were f o u r e l d e r h a l f b r o t h e r s , in g the f a m i ly f o r

and

some y e a r s .

who h a v e b e e n s u p p o r t

S ubject ap p aren tly r e ­

p a r e n t a l s u p e r v i s i o n and g u id a n c e d u rin g

h i s e a r l y y e a r s d ue t o

the ad vanced age of h i s p a r e n t s .

He c o m p l e t e d t h e t e n t h g r a d e a t t h e a g e o f s e v e n t e e n a n d th e n worked as a tr u c k d r i v e r . He

e n l i s t e d i n t h e n a v y i n I 9I4-8 , w a s s e n t t o S a n

D iego f o r

t r a i n i n g a n d l a t e r h a d d u t y a b o a r d t h e U. S .

Troy.

d u t i e s a b o a r d s h i p were t h a t o f b a r b e r .

in ju red h is

b a c k a b o a r d s h i p and was s e n t to

Prom t h e r e he w ent board th e

a receiv in g s ta tio n ,

U. S . S . S y r a c u s e .

h e was p l a c e d on t h e sa tisfie d ,

to

He

the h o s p i t a l . and th e n

a-

I t was on t h i s w hip t h a t

d e c k f o r c e , w h i c h m ad e h i m v e r y d i s ­

a n d h e c o u l d n o t do h i s d u t i e s .

a b s e n t on l e a v e f o r

S.

He t h e n w e n t

tw e n ty - th r e e days and th e n tu rn e d i n .

60

S u b j e c t s t a t e s he was g i v e n a b a d tim e on b o a r d th e s h i p when h e r e t u r n e d , lan d,

O regon.

f i f t e e n days,

and th e n e x t he r e c a l l s h e was i n P o r t ­

He was c h a r g e d w i t h b e i n g o n o v e r l e a v e and r e c e i v e d a.Summary C o u r t ' s M a r t i a l .

A f t e r t h i s h e b e c a m e m ore c o n c e r n e d a n d w o r r i e d a b o u t him self. days,

He t h e n w e n t a b s e n t o n l e a v e f o r t h i r t y - o n e

d u r i n g w h i c h t i m e h e w e n t home f o r a r e s t .

th en t h a t he had the G eneral C ourt M a r tia l, enced to

th is

I t was

a n d was s e n t ­

in stitu tio n .

fhe s u b je c t i s

a tall,

slen d er,

d ark -h aired in d i­

v i d u a l who h a s a l w a y s b e e n s e c l u s i v e a n d i n t r o s p e c t i v e . He a p p e a r s o f a v e r a g e

in te llig en c e,

but has m u ltip le

som atic c o m p la in ts o f em o tio n al o r i g i n , confusion in h is

th in k in g .

w orried about h is p a re n ts

He s t a t e s

a n d s h o w s some

t h a t he i s m o stly

and y o u n g e r s i s t e r .

t h a t h e h a s made a n a r r a n g e m e n t w i t h h i s

It

seems

o ld er b ro th ers

t h a t h e w o u l d s e n d m o r e money home e a c h m o n t h so t h a t his th at

s i s t e r m ight c o n tin u e in s h e may h a v e t o s t o p

school.

school as h is o ld e r b ro th e rs

can n o t keep h e r in sc h o o l any lo n g e r . alw ays b een a s e n s i t i v e of in fe rio rity .

He i s now f e a r f u l

The s u b j e c t h a s

i n d i v i d u a l w i t h m arked f e e l i n g s

He n e v e r m a k e s f r i e n d s ,

u s u a lly goes

on l i b e r t y a l o n e ,

and f e e l s

He s t a t e s

the p a s t y e a r he has f r e q u e n t l y h e a rd

th at in

t h a t o t h e r s do n o t l i k e h i m .

61 a v o ic e , w hich he i d e n t i f i e s a s t h a t of a g i r l he had l i k e d v e r y much. man.

He s t a t e s

s h e i s now m a r r i e d t o a n o t h e r

He d o e s n o t know w h a t s h e s a y s , b u t h e c a n d i s t i n c t l y

h ear her v oice

t e l l i n g him so m e th in g .

o f h i s a d ju s tm e n t in an i n s t i t u t i o n ,

He i s

q u ite f e a r f u l

and s t a t e s h i s n e r ­

v o u s n e s s and w o r r i e s w i l l be g r e a t l y i n c r e a s e d . j e c t appears em o tio n ally f l a t ,

ten se,

The s u b ­

and a p p re h e n s iv e .

He h a s b e e n u n d e r o b s e r v a t i o n s i n c e h i s

a rriv a l here.

c o n d i t i o n h a s sh o w n a g r a d u a l r e g r e s s i o n .

H is

The a u d i t o r y

h a l l u c i n a t i o n s a n d s e c l u s i v e n e s s h a v e become more m a rk e d so t h a t i t

was n e c e s s a r y t o a d m i t h i m t o

sic k bay,

and

t h e n t r a n s f e r h i m t o t h e N a v a l H o s p i t a l a t M are I s l a n d for fu rth er fu rth er

t r e a t m e n t o n J u l y 5» 191+9 •

serv ice

i s poor because o f h i s

P sy ch o lo g ical e v a lu a tio n . w h ite m ale o b t a i n e d an I .Q .

T his e i g h t e e n y e a r o ld ,

W ech sler-B ellev u e,

O tis S e lf A d m in iste rin g I n t e l li g e n c e the

sch izo id p sy ch o sis.

o f 90 a t d u l l n o r m a l .

b a s i s of the R o rsc h a e h -G e sta lt,

in terv iew s,

P ro g n o sis f o r

im p ressio n i s

T ests,

On t h e and

and d i a g n o s t i c

of sch izo p h ren ic r e a c tio n

o f a sim p le type i n th e i n c i p i e n t

stag es.

he s h o u ld be h o s p i t a l i z e d f o r f u r t h e r

It is fe lt

treatm en t.

th at

62 INTERPRETATION The p o i n t o f v i e w w h i c h i s h e l d i n h i g h e s t e s t e e m to d ay i s is

t h a t ta k e n b y A dolph M eyer, 1 t h a t

the r e s u l t

of the f a i l u r e

sch izo p h ren ia

of an in d iv id u a l

ad eq u ate ad ju stm en t to h i s en v iro n m en t.

I t is

t o make a n th e end

r e s u l t o f g ra d u a lly accum ulating f a u l t y h a b it r e a c t i o n s . T h a t t h e r e a c t i o n s may be c o n d i t i o n e d o r i n f l u e n c e d b y h e re d ity ,

f a i l u r e s o f the e n d o c rin e

p ro p erly ,

o r any o t h e r f a c t o r s

fo u n d a tio n of the d is o rd e r m ental h a b i t s .

h ealth y a ttitu d e zophrenic d ecid es

up,

i s not d en ied , b u t the in the fo rm a tio n o f v ic io u s

When d i f f i c u l t i e s

ment a s t h e r e s u l t of th e

come,

is

is

arise

to a t t a c k th e problem , b u t the

the d i f f i c u l t i e s

are

too g r e a t

subm it to d e f e a t ,

the

sch i­

to o v er­ give

s u p e r i o r i t y of the c o n d itio n s o r the

p e o p l e who s t a n d i n h i s w a y . b u t b eco m es more i n s i s t e n t ,

The d e s i r e and th e

factio n ,

but

F a ilu re s

are a tt r i b u t e d

does n o t c e a s e ,

in d iv i d u a l i s doubly

u n co m fo rtab le because he n o t only f a i l s a lso

in the e n v ir o n ­

thw arting o f s a t is f a c tio n s ,

and t h a t he m igh t as w e ll

and a d m i t t h e

system to f u n c t i o n

to

secure

sa tis­

s u f f e r s from f e e l i n g s of s e c u r i t y . to bad h e a l th ,

to

the in flu e n c e

1 A. M e y e r , C o n s t r u c t i v e F o r m u l a t i o n o f S c h i z o ­ p h ren ia. A p ap er re a d a t th e sev en th annual m eetin g of th e M e d ic o -P sy c h o lo g ic a l A s s o c ia tio n , Ju n e , 1921.

63 of o th ers, him .

or to th e f a c t t h a t o th e r s have tu rn e d a g a i n s t

F a u lty h a b its

problem s,

are

and so r e a l i t y

s t i l l used fo r the s o lu tio n draws f u r t h e r

Ideas o f su sp ic io n , p e rse c u tio n ,

of

and f u r t h e r away.

and h y p o c h o n d ria l tr e n d s

d e v e l o p so t h a t a c t i o n s become a b n o r m a l .

T his i s th e p r o ­

c e s s b y w h i c h C. M. K. e v e n t u a l l y f o u n d h i m s e l f a d i s c i p ­ l i n a r y problem ,

and a m e n t a l p a t i e n t i n t h e n a v y .

Had

h e n o t come f r o m a m a r g i n a l h o m e , e c o n o m i c a l l y , h a d h e h a d y o u n g e r p a r e n t s who c o u l d h a v e g u i d e d a n d s u p e r v i s e d h is

a ctiv itie s

i n an u n d e r s t a n d i n g way, h a d he b e e n g iv e n

t h e a f f e c t i o n he c r a v e d ,

he m ight w e ll h a v e ,

in s p ite

o f h i s low i n t e l l i g e n c e ,

made a n a d e q u a t e a d j u s t m e n t .

F au lty h a b its

a r is e because of in n e r u n c e r ta in tie s .

In­

ner c o n flicts

do n o t c u s t o m a r i l y f l o u r i s h i n h a p p y hom es.

C. M. K. n e v e r r e c e i v e d s u f f i c i e n t c o n s i d e r a t i o n a n d a t t e n ­ tio n as a c h ild

t o l e a r n how t o f a c e l i f e

courageously

so h e w i t h d r e w i n t h e o n l y way h e kn ew h o w — s c h i z o p h r e n i a .

CHAPTER V I I I THE CASE OP W. J . B . A d m is s io n summary.

The f o l l o w i n g su m m ary a p p e a r s

o n t h e a d m i s l o n r e c o r d o f W. J .

B.

In sta n t O ffense; ( 1 ) D e s e r t i o n M a r c h 2l|., 1 9 ^4-8 , t o M a r c h 3 0 ~ * 1 9 ^ 8 ’. (2) Forgery, th ree s p e c if ic a ­ tio n s. (3) F alse e n listm e n t. Found g u i l t y and s e n t e n c e d to be c o n f i n e d f o r a p e r i o d o f t e n y e a r s , and t o be d i s h o n o r a b l y d i s c h a r g e d . O rig in al s e n t­ ence o f f i f t e e n y e a r s cu t to t e n by the convening au th o rity . C o-D efendants:

No n e .

Inm ate 's s t a t e m e n t : " I was s t a t i o n e d a t t h e M a rin e Corp R e c r u i t i n g S t a t i o n , San D i e g o , C a l i f o r n i a . I w e n t i n t o t h e d i s b u r s i n g o f f i c e t o p i c k u p my m a i l . I w a s a t t a c h e d t o t h e d i s b u r s i n g o f f i c e , b u t w a s on tem porary duty as a b r i g g u a rd . I sa w t h e s e c h e c k s o n t h e d e s k , a n d g o t t o t h i n k i n g w h a t I c o u l d do w i t h them . The t e m p t a t i o n was t o o much s o I t o o k t h e m , and s h o r t l y a f t e r t h a t I w ent o v e r t h e f e n c e to San D iego. I c a s h e d o n e c h e c k f o r $ 5 0 0 . 0 0 , wh en I p u r ­ c h a s e d a w a tch and r i n g . From San D ie g o I w e n t i n t o Los A n g e le s . I p u r c h a s e d a 19i+7 B u i c k f r o m G o l d i e ' s Used Car L o t , g i v i n g him a c h e c k f o r $ 3 * 9 0 0 . 0 0 . The c a r was $ 2 , 9 0 0 . 0 0 . I dro ve o f f w ith o u t w a itin g to g e t the $ 1 , 000.00 ch an ge, b e c a u se the d e a l e r d i d n ' t h a v e t h e c h a n g e , and I d i d n ’ t w ant to w a i t . I bought some c l o t h e s a n d s t a r t e d t r a v e l l i n g , I cashed a check f o r $ 3 85.00 in a c l o t h i n g s t o r e . I was a p p r e ­ h e n d ed by c i t y p o l i c e i n Las V egas, Nevada. The s t u f f I b o u g h t , i n c l u d i n g t h e c a r , was g i v e n b a c k , a n d I made r e s t i t u t i o n f o r a l l e x c e p t f l j . 0 . 0 0 . n O ther i n f o r m a t i o n : S u b je c t d e n ie s any o th e r c i v i l i a n a r r e s t , "or i n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n f i n e m e n t . He r e c e i v e d two C a p t a i n ’ s M a s t s w h i l e c o n f i n e d i n t h e b r i g , b o t h o f w h ic h c a u s e d him t o g e t s o l i t a r y c o n ­ f i n e m e n t on b r e a d a n d w a t e r . H i s f i r s t o f f e n s e was

65 was f o r f o u l l a n g u a g e , an d t h e s e c o n d f o r d e s t r o y i n g p u b lic p ro p e rty . S u b ject d en ies e i t h e r of th ese offenses. S ocial h is to r y . h i s t o r y given in th e Source of

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c a s e o f W. J . B . ,

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sin g le: M rs.

JKB.

D evelopm ental H is to r y : S u b j e c t b o r n 1928 a t T o ro n to , Canada. I t w a s a n a t u r a l b i r t h w i t h no unusual f a c to r s . At th e age o f f o u r he h a d a f a l l w h ic h s c a r r e d h i s n o s e , and c u t h i s f o r e h e a d . In 1 9 3 5 whe n h e w a s a b o u t s e v e n y e a r s o l d , h e f e l l t h r o u g h th e a t t i c f l o o r , and s u f f e r e d a sev ere head c o n c u ssio n . A s id e fro m t h i s , he was n e v e r a d m i t t e d a t a n y tim e f o r a m ental c o n d itio n . The m o t h e r , f a t h e r a n d b o y w e r e b o r n i n C a n a d a , the f a t h e r b e in g o f F re n c h -C a n a d ia n o r i g i n . The p a r e n ts are n o t d iv o rc e d , bein g o f th e C a th o lic f a i t h , b u t t h e y h a v e b e e n s e p a r a t e d f o r tw o y e a r s . The m o t h e r c l a i m s t h a t she and t h e members o f h e r s i d e o f t h e fam ­ i l y have been h e a lth y . T h ere was no h i s t o r y o f e p i ­ le p sy , I n s a n ity , nor drunkenness. She s t a t e s t h a t t h e b o y ’s f a t h e r i s a heavy d r i n k e r , and t h a t he h ad s u f f ­ e r e d a b r o k e n l e g some y e a r s b a c k , w h i c h h a d t a k e n four years to h eal. D u r i n g t h i s tim e Mrs. B h a d to o b t a i n em ploym ent to su p p le m e n t t h e s m a ll p e n s i o n h e r husband r e c e iv e d . The f a m i l y c o n s i s t s o f M r. and M rs. B, a d a u g h t e r , and th e s u b j e c t . M rs. B sa y s i t I s d i f f i c u l t f o r h e r t o t e l l what k in d of a p e rso n h e r son i s . Sh e c a n ’ t r e m e m b e r h i s e v e r h aving any p a r t i c u l a r a m b itio n s o r h o b b ie s . H is s o c i a l i n t e r e s t s were v e ry l i m i t e d b e c a u s e i n h i s y o u t h , s h e s a y s , h e was n o t a p r e t t y c h i l d , a n d h e s u ff e re d , from asthrna v e r y b a d l y . T h is p r e v e n t e d him from b e in g a c t i v e in s p o r t s . He t h u s s t o o d a s i d e w h ile o t h e r s were p l a y i n g , she says t h a t th e c h i l d ­ r e n I n v i te d h i s s i s t e r to p la y b u t d i d n ’t in c lu d e him . The b o y f e l t t h a t h i s f a t h e r d i d n ’ t l i k e h i m . H i s f a t h e r , i n f a c t , d i d n ’ t show a n y i n t e r e s t i n th e boy.

66 E d u catio n ? The b o y w e n t a s f a r a s t h e t e n t h g r a d e , b u t was n o t a d a p t e d to any t r a d e o r p r o f e s ­ sio n . A fte r le a v in g schoo l he flu n k e d tw ice in b u sin e ss schoo l. The m o t h e r s a y s t h a t d u r i n g t h e s c h o o l y e a r s h e was q u i c k t e m p e r e d , a n d o n o n e o c ­ c a s io n to o k a sock a t th e t e a c h e r . He w a s n o t e x ­ p e l l e d , b u t seemed t o e x p e r i e n c e d i f f i c u l t y i n school. The b o y i s n o t t r a i n e d i n a n y p a r t i c u l a r t r a d e or p ro fe s sio n . He m i g h t h a v e b e e n a c l e r k i n d i f f ­ e r e n t departm ent s t o r e s f o r a tim e , but she w a s n 't sure. She was n o t a b l e t o g e t a n y i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m any of h i s f o r m e r e m p lo y e rs b e c a u s e he d i d n ' t s t a y l o n g e n o u g h f o r an y o f th e m to rem em ber h im . The p r e s e n t home c o n d i t i o n s a r e n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y . The m o t h e r a n d t h e s i s t e r a r e b o t h w o r k i n g i n T o r o n t o . The f a t h e r i s n o t l i v i n g w i t h th e m . The m o t h e r e a r n s a s m a ll s a l a r y i n a r e t a i l d r e s s s h o p , and h a s no sav in g s. The m o t h e r s a y s t h e b o y h a d a l w a y s w a n t e d t o b e in th e m arine c o rp . She s a y s t h a t h e w a s o n c e b r o u g h t home f r o m t h e p a r i s h s c h o o l b y t h e p r i e s t b e c a u se o f h i s a s th m a tic c o n d i t i o n , w hich cau sed h im s o much s u f f e r i n g . Fam ily h i s t o r y .

The f o l l o w i n g i s

the fa m ily

h i s t o r y g i v e n f o r W. J . B. F ath er? E J B , a g e I4.0 , r e s i d i n g a t Q u e b e c , C a n a d a , i s a n a t i v e o f C a n a d a w i t h some e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l e d u c a t i o n , i s C a t h o l i c by r e l i g i o n w i t h no c h u rc h atten d an ce. He was a w a r e h o u s e l a b o r e r , i s F r e n c h C a n a d ia n , h a s bad l e g w hich c a u s e s t r o u b l e . M other: M r s . JKB, a g e 3 9 > a n a t i v e o f C a n a d a , h a s e i g h t h g r a d e e d u c a t i o n , i s C a t h o l i c , and h a s f a i r l y r e g u l a r church a tte n d a n c e . She h a s b e e n s e p ­ a r a t e d fro m h e r h u sb a n d o f f and on f o r n i n e t e e n years. I s n e r v o u s , h e a l t h i s p o o r a s she i s s t i l l s u f f e r i n g from p r e v i o u s n e rv o u s breakdow n, and i s at p resen t h o sp italized . When s h e i s e m p l o y e d s h e works i n a l a d i e s * r e a d y - t o - w e a r s t o r e .

67 P a r e n t a l Hom e: S u b j e c t s e c o n d o f tw o s i b l i n g s , and o n ly m ale c h i l d . Has b e e n r e a r e d I n s e v e r a l u rb a n a r e a s i n C anadian p r o v i n c e s . P aren ts ren ted , u s u a l l y l i v e d i n slum a r e a s , and were a lw ay s q u a r ­ relin g . S u b j e c t s a y s th e f a t h e r was c r u e l t o t h e w hole f a m i l y . S u b je c t rem ained w ith m other m o stly during s e p a ra tio n . The f a t h e r i s h i g h s t r u n g , d r i n k s a g r e a t d e a l , a n d i s v e r y a b u s i v e when d r u n k . M other e a r n e d o n l y •a s m a l l i n c o m e , a n d g a v e s u b j e c t v e r y l i t t l e t r a i n i n g and g u id an ce. S u b j e c t l e f t home when s i x t e e n , i n p r o t e s t a g a i n s t h i s f a t h e r f o r c i n g him t o work u n t i l 3 : 0 0 i n th e m o rn in g w h ile g o in g to school. H is s i s t e r h as a ls o s u f f e r e d a n e rv o u s breakdow n. S ib lin g s: (1) RB, a g e 1 8 , i s t a n d s e c r e t a r y i n an o f f i c e , j e c t , age 2 0, s in g le * Personal H isto ry . i s given in the

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c a s e r e c o r d o f W. J . B.

S u b je c t b o rn J u ly 13, 1928, C a th o lic by f a i t h , i r r e g u l a r church a tte n d a n c e . S ays he c o m p le te d h i g h s c h o o l , and h a s had 2 y e a r s i n c o l l e g e a t t h e U n i­ v e r s i t y of W ashington, w ith a m ajor in s o c io lo g y . C laim s good r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith t e a c h e r s e x c e p t once when h e f e l l a s l e e p i n c l a s s d u e t o h i s w o r k i n g u n t i l 3 :0 0 in th e m orning f o r h i s f a t h e r . S leep­ in g c a u se d an a rg u m e n t w ith th e t e a c h e r . C laim s c o l l e g e g r a d e s p a s s i n g , and f r a t e r n i t y m em bership. C laim s m o d era te d r i n k in g b e fo r e and a f t e r e n t e r i n g s e r v i c e , and d e n ie s use of n a r c o t i c s . S ays he h a d r e c e i v e d i n s u l i n t r e a t m e n t s b e f o r e coming i n t o s e r ­ v ice. He s a y s h e e n l i s t e d o n O c t o b e r 6 , 19k-7* a-b San A n to n io , T ex as, f o r t h r e e y e a r s . H is h ig h e s t r a n k w a s PFC. He a t t e n d e d n o s e r v i c e s c h o o l s , a n d d id job o f d i s b u r s i n g c l e r k . R elease P la n s : R esources: a f r ie n d of h is

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68

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S tates

th in k s i t

t h a t he i s u n a w a r e o f h i s d i a g n o s i s ,

m ight be p s y c h o p a th ic p e r s o n a l i t y .

He i s

but

g rea tly

concerned

#!

about h is of tense

s e n t e n c e and r e l e a s e .

The p r e s e n t p i c t u r e

a n x ie ty w ith park ed p sy c h o tic

S u b j e c t ’s a d ju stm e n t a t d iffic u lt,

u n le ss th ere

th is

is

trends.

i n s t i t u t i o n w i l l be

i s an im provem ent i n h i s c o n d i t i o n .

He w i l l b e k e p t u n d e r c o n f i n e m e n t d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d o f h is

in ca rce ratio n here. Se c o n d p s y c h i a t r i c

restle ss,

rep o rt.

shows m u s c le t r e m o r s ,

P a t ie n t ex trem ely

and i s

tense.

m a rk e d a s t h m a t i c b r e a t h i n g , w h ic h was a u d i b l e t h e room. a stic

Show ed throughout

D u r i n g t h e f i r s t i n t e r v i e w h e t o l d many f a n t ­

sto ries,

b u t i t was n o t i c e d t h a t h i s t e n s i o n s w e r e

72 r e l e a s e d when t h e I n t e r v i e w drew t o an e n d .

P a tie n t has

b e e n c l o s e l y o b s e r v e d f o r th e p a s t t h r e e m onths by th e p s y c h o l o g is t and p s y c h i a t r i s t . of l i f e

s i n c e he was f o u r t e e n y e a r s o l d .

d rin k in g id eas.

P a t i e n t sa y s he h a s f e a r s He s t a r t e d

a t s i x t e e n or s e v e n te e n to g a in r e l i e f

from th ese

On o n e o c c a s i o n h e a t t e m p t e d s u i c i d e b y g a s ,

was a d m i t t e d t o

a h o sp ital.

was e x t r e m e l y n e r v o u s , ag ain .

On t h e s e c o n d o c c a s i o n h e

an d was a d m i t t e d t o a h o s p i t a l

B o t h o f t h e s e e v e n t s o c c u r e d i n I 9I4.6 . D uring the

ficial

in terv iew

s u b je c t a ttem p ted a su p e r­

appearance o f f r a n k n e s s ,

but i t

was n o t i c e a b l e

t h e r e was a lw a y s a c o n s t a n t e f f o r t t o e s c a p e r e a l i t y facts at

thro ugh the vagueness of h i s

tim es to i n t e l l e c t u a l i z e h i s

com m itted a m u rd er, b u t a f t e r itie s

and

answ ers.

id eas.

th at or

He a t t e m p t s

He c l a i m s t o h a v e

in v e s tig a tio n th e a u th o r­

m a i n t a i n e d t h i s was a f i g m e n t o f h i s

im ag in atio n .

When c o n f r o n t e d w i t h t h i s f a c t h e a d m i t t e d i t w a s a h o a x . The h i s t o r y present

of

such b i z a r r e b e h a v i o r ,

e x am in atio n ,

p sy ch o tic

tren d ,

w ill req u ire

seem s to i n d i c a t e

in a d d itio n to

the

a very d e f i n i te

l a r g e l y of the sc h iz o p h re n ic ty p e .

He

a long p e r io d o f tre a tm e n t in a m en tal h o s ­

p ita l . In a n o th e r I n te r v ie w he began the d i s c u s s i o n w ith t h e same s u i c i d a l

tren d .

He t h e n s t a t e d h e h a s n o d e s i r e

73 t o do t h i s ,

but

ju s t th in k s about i t .

He i s v e r y d e f e n O

s i v e i n d i s c u s s i n g t h e home s i t u a t i o n . ing a book,

Says he i s w r i t ­

a n d v e n t u r e d some o p i n i o n s o n p h y s i c s .

w i l l be s e e n r e g u l a r l y e v e r y week f o r p s y c h i a t r i c P sy c h o lo g ic a l

1.

He therapy.

e v a lu a tio n .

I n t e l l e c t u a l F u n ctio n in g :

S u b ject ob tain ed

a n IQ o f 10 7 a t n o r m a l l e v e l o f I n t e l l i g e n c e .

Owing t o

em otional f a c t o r s

t h i s p r o b a b l y i s below h i s

tru e le v e l

of in te llig e n c e .

T h e re was a m a rk e d f a l l i n g

o ff in con­

cen tratio n ,

and a t t e n t i o n to

sm all d e t a i l s .

m a n i p u l a t i o n was somewhat e r r a t i c . of so cial r e s p o n s ib ilitie s 2.

H is c o n c e p t

H is com prehension

and r e l a t i o n s h i p s were goo d .

P e rso n a lity S tru ctu re:

R orschach re v e a le d a

m arked m ixed s c h i z o p h r e n i c , w i t h m arked s u i c i d a l

ten d en ­

c ie s.

but there'

At p r e s e n t he i s

in c o n ta c t w ith r e a l i t y ,

are fre q u e n t appearances of d i s s o c ia te d sions of grandeur,

and id e a s of r e f e r e n c e .

t i o n i d e a t i o n was e l i c i t e d . tiv e f a n ta s ie s d ealin g sics,

and l i t e r a r y

th o u g h ts,

He w a s f i l l e d

d elu ­

No p e r s e c u ­ w ith ru m in a­

w ith " U n iv e rs a l T r u t h s ," m etaphy­

fig u re s of

speech.

Each b l o t stim u ­

l a t e d a jum ping o f f p o i n t f o r d e v i a n t v e r b a l i z a t i o n s as,

such

" T h i s r e m i n d s me o f two p e o p l e l o o k i n g a t o n e a n o t h e r

t h r o u g h dim t e l e s c o p e s , ith m s.

testin g

each o th e r w ith l o g a r ­

I d o n ’ t know w h e t h e r t h e y l i k e

each o th e r."

7k T hroughout the r e c o r d a c t i v e

su ic id a l

i d e a s were m a n i­

fest. Summary a n d c o n c l u s i o n s . w h ite m ale i s He i s

o f average

i n t e l l i g e n c e w i t h a n IQ o f 1 0 7 .

i n th e g r i p o f a m ixed s c h i z o p h r e n i c p r o c e s s ,

m arked s u i c i d a l t e n d e n c i e s . w ith r e a l i t y ,

At p r e s e n t he i s

b u t he e x p re s s e s a d e s i r e

p e rio d o f death . apy.

T his tw e n ty y e a r o ld ,

He i s s e r i o u s l y

w ith

in c o n ta c t

to ex p lo re

the

in need of p sy c h o th e r­

He s h o u l d b e h o s p i t a l i z e d a s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e ,

a view to e a r l y

w ith

c o n fin e m e n t to a c lo s e d w ard.

IN TERPRE TATIOH W. J .

B.

is

a p r o d u c t o f a b r o k e n home.

A home o f

t h i s k in d i s u s u a l l y a m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f abnorm al t r e n d s or in s ta b ilitie s

on t h e p a r t o f t h e p a r e n t s .

was am ply d e m o n s t r a t e d i n ing,

and c r u e l t y

the f a t h e r ' s

to h i s f a m ily ,

T his f a c t

excessive d rin k ­

and in the m o th e r 's n e r ­

v o u s b reakdow n and c o n t i n u e d i l l n e s s .

The a t m o s p h e r e

o f t h e home d e s t r o y e d a n y p o s s i b i l i t y o f s t a b i l i t y

so

t h a t b o th of th e c h ild r e n found th em selv es v ic tim iz e d by n e rv o u s b reakdow ns.

Since

t h e m o th e r was f o r c e d t o

assum e th e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f s u p p o r t i n g th e f a m i l y ,

the

two c h i l d r e n w e r e l e f t w i t h o u t m o t h e r l y c a r e , w h i c h i s

75 so e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e w e l f a r e o f g r o w i n g c h i l d r e n . B . 1s r e v o l t a g a i n s t b e i n g f o r c e d t o w o r k u n t i l c lo c k i n th e m orn in g , and h i s p r e c i p i t a t e u n d e rstan d a b le .

a f t e r bein g

W. J .

th ree o'

in school a l l

day lo n g ,

d e p a r t u r e f r o m h i s home w e r e c e r t a i n l y

He w a s , h o w e v e r ,

little

p re p a re d through

d i s p o s i t i o n o r t r a i n i n g t o do w e l l i n a n i m p e r s o n a l w o r l d f o r w hich he had h a d no p r e v i o u s p r e p a r a t i o n ,

and i n w hich

h e f e l t a n o u t c a s t d u e t o h i s c o n v i c t i o n o f h i s own u g l i ­ ness.

H i s a s t h m a t i c c o n d i t i o n , w h i c h c a u s e d h i m s o much

su fferin g is

tod ay u n d e rsto o d by th e p s y c h o a n a ly tic a l

p r o f e s s i o n to be b a s e d on e m o t i o n a l f a c t o r s . as French,

1

2 F reyhan,

and G o ite n

3

present in te re stin g

i n f o r m a t i o n on t h i s p o i n t o f v ie w . in en t,

i t w ould seem,

I t is

to the p r e s e n t c a se .

proved to be w ith o u t a sense of r e a l i t y w hich h e l e f t w i t h o u t w a i t i n g f o r

Such w r i t e r s

certain ly p e rt­ W. J .

B.

in th e m anner i n

the $ 1 , 000.00 change

w h i c h was owed h i m b y t h e s e c o n d h a n d c a r d e a l e r w hen h e purchased h is

used c a r.

A b alan ced ,

w o r l d l y m ind w ould

1 T. M. F r e n C am bridge, M a s s .: 203- 211. 2 F . A. F r e y h a n , "A P s y c h o s o m a t i c S t u d y o f T h r e e G ases o f B r o n c h ia l A sthm a," D elaw are S t a t e M ed ical J o u r ­ n a l , l!+, 1914-2, p p . 1 1 5 - 121+. " ~ ^ P . L. G o i t e n , " T h e S u b j e c t i v e E x p e r i e n c e i n A s th m a ," J o u r n a l o f N e rv o u s and M e n ta l D i s o r d e r s , 96 , 191+2, p p . 7 3 - 1 8 3 . "

76 h a v e kn o w n b e t t e r t h a n t o e x p o s e h i m s e l f H is p r e d i s p o s i t i o n ch ild h o o d ,

tow ard c h ro n ic a c c i d e n t s

o b lite ra tio n .

lo g ic al tiv e

in h is e a rly

i n th e l i g h t of p r e s e n t know ledge w ould have

seemed an a d v a n c e i n d i c a t i o n self

so b l a t a n t l y .

in h erita n c e,

of h is

abnorm al d e s i r e f o r

W. J . B . , w i t h a q u e s t i o n a b l e b i o ­ b u t w ith an u n q u e s t i o n a b l y d e s t r u c ­

d o m e s tic e n v ir o n m e n t, was m ark e d f o r i n s t a b i l i t y

and d e lin q u e n c y from th e b rin g is very u n c e rta in .

sta rt.

W hat h i s f u t u r e w i l l

CHAPTER IX SUMMARY Summa r y .

AND CONCLUSIONS

The p r o b l e m w a s t o d e m o n s t r a t e

m a c y o f t h e home a n d f a m i l y a s t h e b a s i c in the em otional d i s a b i l i t i e s ch ild ren .

The s t u d y i s

fore

causal fac to rs

and d e lin q u e n c y o f grow ing

deemed i m p o r t a n t b e c a u s e

f i r s t n e c e s s a ry to u n d e rsta n d th ey can be c o r r e c t e d .

it

is

the u n d e rly in g cau ses b e ­ These s i x c a s e s were a

g rap h ic d em o n stratio n o f th e se c au sa l f a c t o r s

o p eratin g

a g a i n s t t h e w e l f a r e o f t h o s e who w e r e e x p o s e d t o d e stru ctiv e

the p r i ­

th ese

ten d en cies.

H. S .

S . , who n e v e r h a d a c h a n c e t o m a t u r e b e c a u s e t h e was b o r n o u t o f w e d l o c k , and b e c a u s e o f h i s o v e r l y trac ta b le

fo ste r-p a re n ts; P.

o f a b r o k e n home,

a c h ild

ill

f a t h e r who t e r r o r i z e d

a l c o n flicts

in the

who w a s a p r o d u c t

o f d i v o r c e , who n e v e r l e a r n e d

th e im portance o f m o r a lity ; ly

M. S . ,

P . R. H . , a c h i l d o f a m e n t a l t h e home a n d c r e a t e d e m o t i o n

two h a p l e s s

ch ild ren ;

C. T . L . , who

was h u s t l e d b e tw e e n h i s m o t h e r ’s a n d f a t h e r ’ s homes e v e r y s i x m o n t h s b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e d i v o r c e d w hen h e w a s b u t f iv e y e ars of age,

a n d who a s a r e s u l t o f h i s p e r s o n a l

c o n f l i c t s developed a p sy c h o p ath ic p e r s o n a l i ty ;

C. M. K . ,

who h a d t h e b a d f o r t u n e advanced age, p ro p erly ,

o f h a v i n g h a d tw o p a r e n t s o f

who c o u l d n e i t h e r g u i d e n o r s u p p o r t h i m

a n d who d e v e l o p e d s c h i z o p h r e n i a a s a n e c o n o m i c

way o f p r o t e c t i n g h i m s e l f f r o m a m e n a c i n g w o r l d ; W. J . B . , flic ts,

a v i c t i m o f a d i v o r c e d home,

and p a r e n t a l con­

who b e c a m e s o e m o t i o n a l l y u n b a l a n c e d h e w a n t e d

to

solve h is

in s u p e r a b le problem s

all

classic

exam ples of th e e f f e c t s

e n t s c a n h a v e on s e n s i t i v e the w hole,

th a t u n stab le p a r ­

ch ild ren .

D elinq uency,

on

A b e t t e r u n d e rs ta n d in g of the cau ses

o f d e l i n q u e n c y on t h e p a r t o f t e a c h e r s ,

par­

a n d c o m m u n i t y a g e n c i e s , w o u l d do much t o e l i m i n a t e

the f a c t o r s

th a t are re s p o n s ib le

tim e a s s u r e

o u r s o c i e t y o f a m a t u r e , wholesom e,

th y c i t i z e n r y fare

are

than the r e s u l t of w i l l f u l d e p ra v ity .

C o n clu sio n s. and n a t u r e

through s u ic id e ,

c a n be t h o u g h t o f a s a n a r t i f i c i a l l y p r o d u c e d

co n d itio n ra th e r

en ts,

and

th at

is

for i t,

so e s s e n t i a l

and a t th e

same

and h e a l ­

to th e c o u n tr y 's w el­

in the f u tu r e . C ole^ s t a t e s : B e c a u s e homes h a v e a p r o f o u n d i n f l u e n c e upon th e b e h a v io r and a t t i t u d e s o f p u p i l s , i t i s n e c e s ­ s a r y f o r a t e a c h e r t o b e i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e home background o f h er p u p ils . W i t h o u t some k n o w l e d g e

L u e lla C ole, P sychology of A dolescence, R i n e h a r t a n d Com pany, I n c . , ‘ 191+0, p . 27I4..

New Y o r k

79 o f t h e i r home c o n d i t i o n s , s h e c a n n o t u n d e r s t a n d h e r s t u d e n t s and c a n n o t , t h e r e f o r e , a d j u s t h e r work t o m eet t h e i r n e e d s o r h e l p them i n t h e i r p e r s o n a l d e ­ velopm ent. The s t r u c t u r e o f f a m i l i e s , t h e p a t t e r n s o f p a r e n t a l b e h a v i o r , t h e e f f e c t s o f t h e home u p o n i t s c h il d r e n , the s p e c ia l so u rc e s of d i f f i c u l t i e s a d o l e s c e n s e , t h e d e s i r a b l e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a home f o r a d o l e s c e n t b o y s o r g i r l s , a n d some o f t h e u n d e ­ s i r a b l e o u tc o m e s i f n o r m a l d e v e l o p m e n t s do n o t o c c u r . A t e a c h e r s h o u l d be i n t e r e s t e d i n l e a r n i n g w h a t c o n ­ t r i b u t e s m o s t t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f a g o o d home f o r a d o l e s c e n t s , i n o r d e r t h a t s h e may i n t r o d u c e t h e s e same e l e m e n t s i n t o h e r c l a s s r o o m , t h u s m a k i n g i t a good e n v iro n m e n t f o r h e r s t u d e n t s . And:2 An i n d i v i d u a l t e a c h e r c a n d o l i t t l e t o w a r d s mod­ i f y i n g a home s i t u a t i o n , b u t much c a n b e d o n e t h r o u g h a v ig o ro u s p a r e n t - t e a c h e r a s s o c i a t i o n by th e open d i s c u s s i o n o f a d o le s c e n t problem s o f a d ju s tm e n t. Such an o r g a n i z a t i o n p e r m i t s an i m p e r s o n a l a p p ro a c h and does n o t a p p ly th e c r i t i c i s m w hich i s alw ays in h e re n t in d e a lin g w ith a sin g le fam ily . The te a c h e r ’s c h ie f in d iv id u a l e f f o r t s are g e n e ra lly c e n t e r e d u p o n s h o w i n g a n a d o l e s c e n t how h e c a n a d ­ j u s t h im s e lf to th in g s as th ey a r e . A d o l e s c e n t homes a r e a ttitu d e s

tow ard l i f e .

ex trem ely v i t a l

The m o s t d e s i r a b l e

home p e r m i t s t h e a d o l e s c e n t t o soon as he

is ab le

t o do s o .

in

shaping

type of a

assume r e s p o n s i b i l i t y The p a r e n t s

in

th is

as

type

o f home do n o t p a s s o n t h e i r own u n s o l v e d d i l e m m a s t o th e ir ch ild ren .

It

is

a home o f w h i c h t h e

and one i n w hich t h e r e i s secu rity .

As t h e

ch ild

is proud,

an a tm o s p h e r e o f h arm o n y and

tim e f o r a d o le s c e n c e n e a r s

its

end the

p a r e n t s h a v e become f r i e n d s r a t h e r t h a n m ere d i s p e n s e r s 2 Ib id . , p. 306.

80 of d is c ip lin e . the

If

any o f t h e s e

ad o lescen t e it h e r f a i l s

and e m o tio n a l i m m a tu r i t y , w ith

c o n d itio n s are la c k in g

t o grow o u t o f h i s s o c i a l

or op en ly r e v o l t s .

I t has been

s u c h r e v o l t a n d i m m a t u r i t y t h a t we h a v e b e e n c o n ­

cerned in the p re s e n t p r o je c t.

fiSWBRSTTY OP SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY A.

BOOKS

B o g a r d u s , E m o ry S . , The C i t y Boy a n d H i s P r o b l e m s . Los A ngeles: H o u s e o f R a l s t o n , P r i n t e r s , 19 2 65 llj.8 p p . B u r t , C y r i l , L u d o v i c , The Young D e l i n q u e n t . London: B u c k l e y , K e n t , U n i v e r s i t y o f L o n d o n P r e s s , 1914-5* 632 p p . C a rr, L ow ell, J u i l l a r d , D elinquency C o n tr o l. H a r p e r B r o t h e r s , 1 9 40 5 4 4 7 PP«~ C o le, L u e lla , Psychology of A d o le sc e n c e . R i n e h a r t a n d C om pany, 1 9 4 8 . 650 p p .

New Y o r k :

New Y o r k :

D o r c u s , Roy M . , a n d W i l s o n G. S h a f f e r , T e x t b o o k o f Ab­ norm al P sy ch o lo g y . B a ltim o re , M aryland: W illiam s a n d W i l k i n s C om p an y , 194-5• 546 p p . G l u e c k , S h e l d o n a n d E l e n o r , $00 A. A. K n o p f C o m p an y , 1 9 3 0 .

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