The Iberian World: 1450–1820 (Routledge Worlds)
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English Pages [737]
Table of contents :
Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of contents
Illustrations
Figures
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part 1 The Iberian peninsula (fifteenth.seventeenth century)
Chapter One The shaping of the Iberian polities in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries
Introduction
Civil strife and settlement, 1385–1481
Royal pre-eminence and territorial expansion, 1481–1494
Dynastic crises avoided, new dominions secured, 1494–1516
Note
Works cited
Chapter Two The political constitution of the Iberian monarchies
Introduction
The creation of the Iberian monarchies
The character of royal authority
Ruling a composite monarchy
Ruling the kingdoms
Union and disunion
Conclusion
Note
Works cited
Chapter Three The Iberian polities within Europe: Politics and state building
Introduction
A new geopolitical order
The princes’ wars and the imperial means
Constructing a monarchy
Imperial ebb and flow
Note
Works cited
Chapter Four Religious identities in the Iberian worlds (1500–1700)
Introduction
The domestic Indies
The emergence of a Catholic Atlantic
Asia
Note
Works cited
Chapter Five Iberia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean
Chronological framework
From ideology to presidios
Corsair, conversion, and ransom
Negotiation and diplomacy
Diasporas
Religion and representation
The construction of knowledge
Note
Works cited
Chapter six The union between Portugal and the Spanish monarchy (1581–1640)
Two close societies
The process of dynastic union
Contract and compromise
An uncertain evolution
Institutional variations
Rising tensions
The crisis of the late 1630s
Understanding the success of John of Braganza
Works cited
Chapter Seven Iberian society
Introduction
The nobility
The clergy
The third estate
Works cited
Chapter Eight Women and gender: Structures and roles (1400–1820)
Gendered legal and political regimes
Gender in the empires
Religion
Cultural life
Works cited
Chapter Nine The peninsular economies and the impact of globalisation (ca. 1494–1700)
Introduction: the cross-cultural roots of the fifteenth century-expansion
The Iberian economic growth of the sixteenth century
Technology, industry, trade, and urban development
A semi-periphery? The patterns of economic growth
Crisis, political economies, recession and recovery (1580–1700): a revisionist view
Perception of the problems, reformism, and institutional rigidity
From crisis to stagnation in the periphery (1580–1640): towards a new model of economic growth (1640–1700)
Iberia in the European urban system and the small divergence
Note
Works cited
Chapter Ten Cultures and communication across the Iberian world (fifteenth.seventeenth centuries)
Introduction
Culture, communication, Iberian
Universal providential government, local horizons of violence and appearances
Lives, objects, and cultural practices in an enlarged world
Voices, images, and writings: empires of ink and republics of inventiveness
Note
Abbreviations
Works cited
Chapter Eleven Religious conversion and identities in the Iberian peninsula
Introduction
Collective markers
Dealing with forced conversion
Identity and blood
The other “new Christians”
Afterword
Works cited
Chapter Twelve Black Africans in the Iberian peninsula (1400–1820)
Introduction
The origins and development of slavery in the peninsula
Black slaves’ numbers and lives
Manumission and integration
Conclusion
Note
Works cited
Part 2 Expansion and empires (fifteenth.seventeenth century)
Chapter Thirteen Iberian Explorations: The construction of global empires (1450–1650)
Introduction
Atlantic experiments
inventing empire
Mutual attractions
Conclusion
Works cited
Chapter Fourteen Administration and government of the Iberian empires
Introduction
Overseas administration guiding principles
Central administration
Spanish overseas administration
Portuguese overseas administration
Institutional frameworks and their internal dynamics
Conclusion
Works cited
Chapter Fifteen Patterns of conquest and settlement of the Iberian Americas
Introduction
Iberian and Atlantic origins
Stages and types of colonial settlements
Conquest and settlement
Conquest societies
The mature colonies ca. 1550–1700
Note
Works cited
Chapter Sixteen Asians in the Iberian world
Introduction
Portuguese Asia
Asians’ political and legal status under Portuguese rule
Converted and non-converted Asians of the territories of Goa
Asians in Portugal, Europe, and Brazil
Spanish Asia
The Sangley community in light of Spain’s commercial interests
Native vassalage and slavery
Chinos as an early modern Asian diaspora
Conclusion
Notes
Abbreviations
Works cited
Chapter Seventeen Amerindians in the Iberian world
Introduction
Spanish America
Introduction
Spanish missionary project
Interethnic relations
Bourbon reforms
Portuguese America
Wars of conquest and the implementation of aldeamentos
The colonial aldeias: re-socialisation and the remaking of culture and identity
Interethnic relations
Pombal’s Indian policy: assimilationism, negotiation, and resistance
Conclusion
Note
Works cited
Chapter Eighteen Portugal, Spain, and the transatlantic slave trade
Introduction
Legality of slavery and the slave trade
Spanish America
Portuguese America
Works cited
Chapter Nineteen Colonial societies in Asia
Introduction
Imagined Roman colonies, a handful of “loyal cities”, myriad “cages” and bandéis
Demography, mobility and “human engineering”
Between social control and identity-shifting
Conclusion
Abbreviations
Works cited
Chapter Twenty Europeans, Indians, and Africans in the making of colonial societies
Introduction
Atlantic precedents
Caribbean and Brazilian beginnings
Urban places and networks
The growth of Iberian American societies
Works cited
Chapter Twenty one Imperial economies
Introduction
The origins of Iberian overseas expansion
The economic structure of the Iberian empires
Iberian connections and global trade
Empires and domestic economies
Conclusion
Note
Works cited
Chapter Twenty two Artistic experiences in the Iberian world, sixteenth.seventeenth centuries
Introduction
Artistic processes in early contacts
Early artistic negotiations
Objects, material culture, and global trade routes
The orthodox turn
Towards the formation of local art histories
Conclusion
Works cited
Part 3 The eighteenth-century Iberian world
Chapter Twenty three Enlightened politics in Portugal and Spain
Introduction: old kingdoms, new monarchies
The cycle of reforms
The crossroads at the end of the century
Conclusion
Note
Abbreviations
Works cited
Chapter Twenty four Enlightened reformism in Iberian culture and science
Introduction
Science, culture, and metropolitan reform
Imperial travels and colonial entanglements
Conclusion: post-Enlightenment ramifications
Abbreviation
Works cited
Chapter Twenty five Imperial competition in the eighteenth-century Americas
Introduction
The War of the Spanish Succession
The Amazon River and ColÓnia do Sacramento
The Congress of Utrecht and its impact on Luso-Spanish territories in the Americas
The discovery of gold and diamonds in Portuguese America
The Treaties of Madrid and El Pardo and the impacts of the Seven Years War
Pombaline policy in Portuguese America and the Treaty of San Ildefonso
Surveying the Americas
The turbulent context of the fin-de-siècle and the impacts of the French Revolution
Note
Works cited
Chapter Twenty six Reform in Spanish and Portuguese America
Introduction
The Iberian empires before 1750
The success and limits of imperial reforms, 1750–1800
Conclusion
Works cited
Chapter Twenty seven Social change in the eighteenth-century Iberian world
Social change in the Iberian world: Iberian peninsula and Brazil
From northern Iberia to the American continent
Refraining exclusion?
Business elites, social mobility, and new distinctions
New sociability and the development of “public opinion”
The eighteenth-century colonial elites: between Iberian identity and American aspirations
Defining the elite in Spanish America
The emergence of an American identity
The features of the Hispano-American colonial elite identity
Notes
Abbreviation
Works cited
Chapter Twenty eight New imperial economies
Introduction
The peninsular economy
Intercontinental trade
Production
States and markets
Conclusion
Works cited
Part 4 The Iberian world in the age of revolutions
Chapter Twenthy nine Protest and resistance against colonial rule in Iberian America
Introduction
Spanish America
Portuguese America
Conclusion
Works cited
Chapter thirty War and revolution in the Iberian Atlantic
Introduction
Historians and their labyrinth
Global war
World in revolution
Revolutions in sovereignty
From civil war to revolution
Conclusion
Works cited
Chapter Thirty one Portugal and Spain under the newly established liberal regimes
Introduction: singularities of Iberian crisis among the Atlantic revolutions
Towards the Cortes
Constitutional guidelines
Towards the constitution
Crisis and fall
Works cited
Chapter Thirty two Independence in Iberian America
Introduction
The crises of the Iberian monarchies
The fracture of the Spanish monarchy, 1810–1814
Spanish reconquest and Spanish American insurgency
Spanish American independence
The independence of Brazil and the Spanish-American revolutions, 1808–1822
Iberian America after independence
Note
Works cited
Index
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