The History of the State of Maine; from its first discovery, A.D. 1602, to the separation, A.D. 1820, inclusive [2]

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HISTORY OF THE

STATE OF MAINE; FROOI

ITS FIRST DISCOVERY, A. D. 1602,

TO

THE SEPARATION,

By

WILLIAM

IN

A. D. 1820,

D.

TWO

INCLUSIVE.

WILLIAMSON.

VOLUMES.

VOL.

II.

fSlallotDcU:

GLAZIER, MASTERS & CO. 1832.

Entered

according to Act of Congress, in the year

William D. Williamson,

in the Clerk's Office

1

832, by

of the District

Court of Maine.

THIS PRINTING IS A FACSIMILE OF THE 1832 EDITION

This edition published by

The Cumberland Press, Inc. Freeport, Maine 04032 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:

66-22134

Printed in the United States of America By KJ Printing, Augusta, Maine

CONTENTS OF VOL. A. D. 1691.

1692-3. 1694. 1696.

1697. 1698.

1699.

1700. 1701-2. 1702.

II.

CHAPTER

I. Page 9 to 37. Oct. 7, Provincial Charter of William and Mary granted embracing Massachusetts, New-Plymouth, Maine and Sagadahock. ;

The

first

administration.

Feb. Death of Sir William Phips, first Royal Governor. Nova Scotia conceded by Massachusetts to the British Crown. Distress of Yorkshire. Sept. 11. Treaty of Ryswick. Nova Scotia resigned to France. Villebon, the French Governor, claims westward to Kennebeck. May 26, Lord Bellamont arrives, Provincial Governor. J. Bridges, first surveyor in the King's woods. Resettlement of Maine promoted. A Committee of Claims. Deaths of Lord Bellamont, Lieut. Gov. Stoughton, James II. and William III. Joseph Dudley, Provincial Governor. Population in Maine.

CHAPTER 1703.

Queen Anne's war.

1711-12.

The war.

1712. 1713.

March

II.

p.

38—79.

The French draw

the broken tribes to St. Francois. Several eastern towns attacked by the Indians. Church's 5th eastern expedition. Colonial sufferers in this war. 1704. The Indians consider the war a burthen. 1706. All the remaining eastern settlements assailed. 1707. 1709-10. Expeditions against Port-Royal. Nova Scotia subdued by Col.

Nicholson

—

an event important to Maine and Sagadahock. Last skirmish at Wells. ;

Oct. 27, Hostilities cease. and July 11, of Portsmouth. No30, Treaty of Utrecht va Scotia resigned to England and made a British Province. Castine the younger. ;

CHAPTER

80—

1714.

110. III. p. administration and prudentials of Maine. Three towns survive the war. Ecclesiastical affairs. Order for the resettlement of several towns. Five towns revived. Paper money floods the country. Samuel

1715.

A

1713.

The

1716.

Shute commissioned Governor. road ordered from Berwick to Pejepscot. Three townships projected in the Pejepscot purchase. Georgetown resettled. Settlement of Kennebeck attempted. Yorkshire extended to

1717.

Treaty with the Indians confirmed at Arrowsick.

St.

Croix.

Timber

trees

protected. 1718. 1719. 1720.

1721.

1722.

Armstrong's project to settle Sagadahock. Settlements between Kennebeck and St. Georges revived. Fort Richmond built. The Governor and House differ. Coram's project to settle Sagadahock. Affairs of Nova Scotia. Rale's character and conduct. Notaries Public. P. Dudley's case as a Councillor. Mast trees protected. The Indians denounced as rebels. Castine the younger seized. Rale escapes. North- Yarmouth resettled.

CHAPTER Lovewell's war.

The

first

IV. p. 111—151. reprizals and attacks by the Indians.

Brunswick burnt. July 25, war proclaimed. Events of the Part of Georgetown burnt. Old town destroyed by Col. Westbrook. Attacks of the Indians. war.

1723. 1724.

Col. Moulton's attempt to take Ral^.

Norridgewock taken and Raid

killed.

1622210

Successes of the Indians. Lovewell's excursions.

CONTENTS.

iv

A. D. 1725.

battle of Pegwacket. The Indian village at Fort Hill destroyed. Dummer's treaty, Dec. 15, at Boston. Its ratificaSagamores' sentiments, tion.

The

CHAPTER

V. p. 152—178. administration. Three trading houses established. back tier of mission sent to recover captives. Earthquake. towns proposed. July 13, Governor Burnet arrives. Councillors. His disputes Death. w'ith the House. David Dunbar, surveyor of Political changes in Sagadahock. the woods, takes possession of that Province rebuilds the fort

Dummer's 1727. 1728.

1729.

A

A

;

1732-3.

Pemaquid and surveys lots. Gov. Belcher's administration commences. Officers Complaints against Dunbar. He is appointed shire. of New-Hampshire, His removal effected.

1733. 1734. 1735.

CHAPTER VI. p. 179—193. Terms on which new townships were granted. Grants made. Paper money overflows the country. Salary question put to rest. Falmouth made half-shire with York. County officers. A new

at

1730.

valuation finished.

Census.

in YorkLt. Gov.

Throat-distemper rages.

1737.

Trade extended. Right to the woods discussed. Natives complain of encroachments by Mr. Waldo. Dormant claims revived. Great dearth of provisions.

1737-8.

Dispute with New-Hampshire as

1739.

William Pepperell and Samuel Waldo command the two York-

1740.

News

1736.

CHAPTER

VII.

p.

to dividing

194—214.

lines, referred, dis-

cussed, settled. shire regiments. of the Spanish dissolved.

formed 1741.

1742. 1743.

—

war

received.

First instance of impressment. Ship-building, trade and fisheries flourish. New valuation. Fears ®f war and measures of defence.

CHAPTER 1744.

1745.

The Spanish war.

The French

1747.

;

Land-bank

and appointment of

New

tenor

bills issued.

Settlements promoted.

p. 215—233. join against' England. War de-

VIII.

clared against the Indians, from Passamaquoddy eastward. LouEight eastern scouts. Defensible men in Maine, 2,855. isbourg described. Expedition against it. The officers, the fleet, and the army. Assistance of a British Ijouisbourg capitulates. Its great squadron. The siege. strength. Expenses of the expedition repaid by Great Britain.

CHAPTER 1746.

Specie scarce.

Governor Belcher removed from office Governor Shirley. George VVhitefield.

IX.

p.

234—259.

Fifth Indian war. A defensive force of 450 men raised. Depredations by the savages. French fleet of 70 sail, under Duke d'Anville, arrives at Halifax. Its disasters, A force of 470 men from this Province capitulates at Minas. A naval victory achieved by two English Admirals, Anson and Warren. Defence of the eastern people provided. News of

A

peace arrives. 1748. 1749.

Oct. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelie. In this war, the Province lost 3,000 effective men. Treaty with the eastern tribes at Falmouth.

CHAPTER

X.

p.

260—273.

1749-60. Claim of the French westward to Kennebeck. Governor Shirley goes a Commissioner to Paris, on the subject of boundaries, Monej' due received from England, aod the paper money all

V

CONTENTS.

1750.

redeemed. The French Neutrals join the troops from Canada Halifax settled. at the Isthmus of Nova Scotia. Cornwallis attacks the French helow the Isthmus. The homicide of Albee and accomplices, at VViscasset. The Indians from the north,

1751.

commit

mischief.

August, Treaty with

tlte

Natives confirmed.

CHAPTER

1750-2.

XI. p. 274—303. The people — conspicuous for their merits, and tolerant in their sentiments. The ministry of the g-ospel is able and pious. The British American system enforced, by acts of Parliament. Settlement of the eastern country encourag-ed.

1752. 1753.

1754.

Petition for a new County. valuation. New Style adopted. Indians disturbed by encroachments, and by fires in the woods. Obstacles to settlement were the fears of savag-e hosVassal's project. tilities and the question as to land-titles. The claims of the Eng-lish and Governor Shirley's return. French to the eastern country specified. French line of northern forts, and aggressions, Defensive measures enlarged. General Union of the colonies Measures of projected. Fort Halifax at Kennebeck erected. defence. War inevitable.

New The

CHAPTER

XII. French war and 6th Indian war. The French 1755.

1756.

1757. 1758.

1759.

1760.

304— 345

p. forts built.

The

eastern fortifications. Four expeditions against the French, three being unsuccessful. The French driven from Nova Scotia, and the French NeuWar declared against all the eastern tribes, trals removed. The people jealous. Cargill's affair except the Tarratines. War upon the Tarratines. An Earthquake. Four expeditions against the French. Public burthens great. War declared against France. Governor Shiriey leaves the Province. The Indians attack the eastern towns and settlements. The expeditions all unsuccessful. The Indian war. Governor Pownal arrives. William Pitt put at the head of the British ministry. Three expeditions all crowned with success Louisbourg and other places taken. The last efforts of the Indians against the English, at St. Georges. A general attack upon the French. General Wolfe proceeds against Quebec. A fortress built at Penobscot, and named Fort Pownal. Death of General Waldo. Sept. 13, Quebec capitulates. Major Rogers destroys the Indian village of St. Francois. Death of Generals Pepperell and Waldo. Peace with the eastern tribes. Canada finally conquered.

—

—

—

CHAPTER

1761.

1762.

XIII. p. 346— 36S. Limits of the, Eastern Patents and great Tracts reviewed. Gov. Pownal leares the Province. Members of the Council for the last 30 years. Cumberland and Lincoln Counties established. Francis Bernard arrives. Provincial Governor. George III. New valuation completed. Political parties noticed. Disputes between the Governor and House. York bridge erected. Twelve townships granted at Union river. Line between Maine and Nova Scotia, considered. Drought, fires and scarcity.

Three new towns established. Canada, resigned 10, Treaty of Paris, Quebec Province established.

1763.

Feb.

1763. 1764. 1765. 1766. 1767.

Measures

—

CHAPTER to raise a

revenue

in

XIV.

to

Great

Britain.

pr 369— 407.

America.

Governor's view of the eastern tribes. Census of Maine. Jan. 10, Stamp-act passed. The first Continental Congress, Stamp-act repealed. Crown lands and timber, considered. A Hurricane. Parliament lay duties on tea, glass, paper, &c. and regulate salaries.

CONTENTS.

vi

A. D. 1768. 1769. 1770. 1771.

1773.

1774.

A

Colonial circulars offend the British ministry. Provincial Convention. British troops stationed in Boston. Gov. Bernard leaves the Province. Duties repealed, except on teas. Boston Massacre. Public lands and mechanical arts, ingreat repute. Thomas Hutchinson commissioned Governor. He opposes the settlements in Sag-adahock. They increase on the Kennebeck. Governor disputes with the House. Judg-es' salaries. About 300 families leave Waldoborough. Symptoms of revolution noticed. Ministers and lawyers opposed to British taxation. The dispute well understood b}' the parties. Dec. 16, Teas destroyed in Boston.

CHAPTER 1774.

1775.

XV.

p.

409—420.

Acts passed by Parliament, to close the port of Boston, alter the charter of Massachusetts, and make other chang-es. Gen. Gag-e appointed Governor. He dissolves the General Court. A Provincial Cong-ress meets. Second Continental Congress convenes. County Conventions. Committees of Safety and Supplies. Affairs of Coulson and Mowett. April 19. Battle of Lexington. Gen. Gage denounced.

CHAPTER

XVI.

p.

421—448.

The war

1776.

of the Revolution commenced. Capt. Mowett seized at Falmouth. First Bills of Continental money issued. George Washington commands the American Army. June 17th, Bunker Hill battle. Eastern affairs. Provincial charter resumed. Members of the Assemblies. Massachusetts issues paper-money. Falmouth burnt by Mowett. Arnold's expedition through Kennebeck to Quebec. Repulse. General Post-oflBce established. New appointment of Civil officers. Militia reorganized. Defence of Maine. Declaration of Independence.

CHAPTER

XVII.

p.

449—485.

The amity 1777. 1778.

1779.

1780.

of the eastern Indians confirmed. Measures of defence. Eddy's retreat to Machias. A Continental Army raised. Firearms arrive from France. Battle ol Trenton. A garrison established at Machias. The enemy there repulsed. Capture of Gen. Burgoyne's army. New Constitution rejected. Estates of Absentees confiscated. Paper*money depreciated, 30 to one. Arrival of a French fleet. Maine and Sagadahock formed into a District. The British seize upon Penobscot and occupy 'Biguyduce. The American fleet and troops sent to remove the enemy defeated. The losses. Saltonstall cashiered. 600 men raised for the eastern service. Troubles in Maine Gen. Wadsworlh commands the Eastern Department. Arnold's treason. Constitution of the Commonwealth adopted. Members of the Council for the past 20 years.

—

:

—

CHAPTER

XVIII.

p.

486—605.

1782.

Administration under the State-constitution. Gen. Wadsworth carried a prisoner to 'Biguyduce. Maj. Barton made prisoner They escape. Defence of the eastern inhabitants. Gen. also. McCobb succeeds to the command of Gen. Wadsworth. PubFirst Commissioners lic credit low, and public burdens great. of Eastern Lands. October 27, surrender of Cornwallis and his army. Cessation of hostilities. Judicial and militia systems new modelled,

1783.

Sept. 3.

1781.

banded.

Definitive treaty of Paris. Losses.

CHAPTER 1784.

XIX.

The American army p.

dis-

506—520.

Great and immediate increase of settlements and population in Maine. Committees of Eastern Lands appointed. Lumber and other articles of export. Disputes between the borderers on the river St. Croix.

CONTENTS.

1785.

Body of

Expenses of the Penobscot expeGovernor Hancock resig-ns, and J. Bowdoin Demand for eastern lands. Twelve town-

Statiitc-lav/ revised.

dition considered.

elected Governor. Provision ships confirmed. Treaty with the Tarratines.

Great

vii

made for quieting- the Islanders. Towns and plantations revived.

freshet.

CHAPTER XX. 1785-6.

1787. 1788.

1789.

1791-2. 1793.

Land lottery instituted. surrection. re-elected Gov. Economy and industry enccurag-ed. Federal Constitution adopted. First Representatives to Congress, Colleg-e in Maine projectand Electors. Slavery abolished. Twenty new towns. ed. first President of the Washington, U. States, inaugurated. Georg-e

A

XXI.

548—557.

p.

Counties of Hancock and Washington established. Maine a DisA Census taken. Officers of the District Court. District. putes between the eastern borderers and British provincials quieted. A law to preserve game. Nine new towns. Objects of eastern enterprize. Death of Governor Hancock. Two new towns incorporated.

CHAPTER 1794.

Falmouth Result of Shay's in-

Hancock

CHAPTER 1790.

521—547.

p.

Separation of Maine, from Massachusetts, discussed. Gazette, first published. Address to the people. measures taken for Separation. Three new towns.

XXII.

p.

558—586.

The French

Political parties— Federalists and Anti-federalists. Mr. revolution. The Americans take sides.

Jay's treaty.

1794-5.

Samuel Adams elected Governor. Three Representatives to Congress elected. Bowdoin College established. Nineteen new towns incorporated. 3,500,000 acres of eastern

1795.

Emigrant Society formed.

lands sold since the peace. lars

1796.

1797.

1798.

1799.

and cents, adopted

in

Metalic coins regulated computation.

— eagles, dol-

Law as to Shell-fish. By a treaty Militia Division formed. with the Tarratines, 9 townships relinquished by them. Seven Academies endowed. new towns. Records of Supreme Judicial Court removed from Boston to their 1. Sumner elected Governor. respective counties. Parties. Federalist and Democrat, J. Adams and T. Jefierson, President and Vice-President. French aggression. Five new towns. The true St. Croix determined. Eight new towns. War measures Land-tax, sedition law and alien bill. Envoys to France, Truxton's victory. Kennebeck County established. The Plymonth, Waldo and Pejepscot patents limited. Deaths of Gov. Sumner and Gen. Washington.

A 3d

—

CHAPTER The Supreme Judiciary

XXIII.

p.

587—604.

1803.

Caleb Strong elected GovElectors of President and Vice-President chosen. Opposition of the Democrats to the measures of the National administration. Treaty negociated with France. The Federal Eagle C. Bench of 16 Judges established. T. a badge. Jefferson and A. Burr, President and Vice-President. 2d census. A new valuation. Six new towns. J. Read and P. Coffin, Land-agents. Sales of the eastern lands considered. The Federalists oppose the new administration. of Congressional Acts— Other measures adopted. MeRepeals rino sheep imported. New towns. Banks increased, and the banking system revised. Law against

1804-5.

counterfeiting. Judiciary improved

1800.

revised.

ernor.

—

A

1801.

1802.

1805. 1806.

—

and a Nisi-prius system adopted. Fisheries. Oxford County established. The era of incorporations. Though Governor Strong was re-elected, each legislative branch

CONTENTS.

viii

A. D,

The British insult our flag-. Non-importaBerlin and Milan decrees. British impressments. Embargo laid. Twenty-four new towns incorporated. was democratical.

Act

lion

1807.

passed.

CHAPTER XXIV. J. Sullivan elected

p.

—

Governor.

605—627.

i8oa.

His administration County-Attorneys, Courts of Sessions and Jury act. Betterment Law. A 4th militia division. Sullivan's death. Six-

1809.

C.

J807.

teen

new

towns.

Gore elected Governor. administration.

Gore's

Somerset County established. Mr. Madison, President of the United Rambouillet Decree. The

J.

Erskine's arrangement. States. Vaccination affair of Chadwick. Society established. 1810.

E. Gerry elected Governor.

1811.

valuation, and fishery. Religious freedom-bill. tion.

recommended,

The 3d Census.

Maine Bible

Exports, tonnage,

Measures of Mr. Gerry's administraSkirmish between the Little Belt and the President.

Two new

militia divisions established.

1812.

Mr. Strong re-elected Governor. Tax on banks. Corporeal punishment abolished. Land controversies in Lincoln settled.

1812.

The European belligerents. Embargo, and measures of defence. June 18, war declared against G. Britain. Events of the war.

1813.

Politics.

CHAPTER XXV. ties.

New towns and Banks. Direct tax imposed.

p.

628—638.

Washington Benevolent Socie-

1814.

March, all restrictive laws repealed. American successes in the war.

1814.

The war

Factories established.

CHAPTER XXVI.

p.

639—657.

Maine. The enemy seize upon Eastport, Castine, and Machias. The government instituted there by the British. Their other measures. Trade at Castine and Hampden. Closing events and incidents of the war. Battle of N. Orleans. Measures of the Hartford Convention. Castine and the eastern coast evacuated by the British, as far eastwardly as Eastport. in

CHAPTER

XXVII.

p.

658—679.

Feb. 11, news of peace arrives. Trade and Commerce. The condition of the cod-fishery. Public morals. New towns. County of Penobscot incorporated. A land office 1816. established. J. Brooks elected Governor. Measures resumed Brunswick Convento separate Maine from Massachusetts. tion. Parties, Emigration westward. Cold Seasons. Emigrations partiallv checked. Moose Island 1817. decided to belong to Maine. Our northern boundary discussed. Treaty with the Tarratines. Probate Code revised. Sea-Serpent. 1S18. Its Constitution framed 1819-20. Maine separated from Massachusetts. and adopted. It is admitted into tlie Union. Its political ad1815.

ministration.

SUPPLEMENTAL.— CHAPTER 1623 to 1820.

XXVIII.

p.

680—705.

Expenditure and our history. The Militia. revenue. Taxation. Coins. Education, arts, studies and professions. The religious denominations and their ecclesiastical Industry, trade and manufactures. The various instipolity. Domestic life reviewed. tutions, established.

The

periods -of

APPENDIX. Page 707. No. 1.— List of Councillors under the Provincial Charter. 708. List of Councillors and Senators, under the Constitution. 2. 709. List of Members of Congress from Maine. 3. 4. The Rulers and Governors of Maine from its first settlement. 710. 712. 5. —List of Counties and corporate towns.

— —

—

HISTORY OF MAINE CHAPTER Provincial Charter ture

L

— Governor and other Public

Officers

— Lcgisla-

— Council— House oj Representatives — Voters — Statute enact-

ments

—Judicial Courts— Justices — Militia— Ecclesiastical

Crown

—

of the Peace Appeals to the Education Land-titles

affairs

—

—

—Rights— Laws—Crimes and PunishmentS'^Witchcraft'^Death —

of Gov. Phips NelsoUy Governor of Nova Scotia^ seized by Vil" Massachusetts resigns the Govern^ Icbon, the French Governor

—

Crown of England— Her measures — Restrictive acts of Parliament—Board of Plantations — Treaty of Ryswick — Nova Scotia French — They and Massachusetts both claim Saga-

ment of that Province protective of

Trade and signed

to the

Maine

re*

to the

dahock^-Conduct of

Villebon,

the

French Governor—'Dispute

about the jurisdiction of Sagadahock^I^ord Bellamont succeeds Governor Phips His Speech John Bridges, Survey or-^Gnreral

of

the

— — woods The

—

Claims

— Fears

—Rumors of war and — Committee of

eastern towns revived

— Great Island of war — Deaths of

measures of defence

to be fortified

Lord Bellamont, William

Stoughton, James IT. and William III.

^Governor Dudley at Casco

The

succeeds

—Measures of —Meets

Lord Bellamont

— The conference and

the

French

the Indiana

its incidents^

celebrated Charter of William and Mary, dated

ber 7th, 1691, was brought hither from England by Sir

LiAM Phips, the

first

.

D. 1692.

Wil- ^"^^^(prof

royal Governor, and went into operation ^^^^"^

on the 14th of May, 1692. ibis State, in

Octo- a

two great

It

divisions

embraced the whole ;

—

territory of

one, extending from Piscata-

qua to Kennebeck, was called the Province of Maine} the other, Maine including all between Kennebeck and the St. Croix, was usually

denominated Sagadahock*^

—As

;

II.

2

and

J;^^^**'"'

the political connexion between

See Utvol. chap. xxii. A. D. 16»1.-— Though Nora Scotia was embraced; Massachusetts resigned the government of it to the crown, A. D. 1696, about a year before the peace and it became a British Province. The

Vol.

^

—

THE HISTORY

10 A. D. 1692.

[VoL.

Massachusetts proper and the present State of Maine continued about 130 years

;

it

becomes important

TheExccii-

Its features

and

its

to give a general outline

new

of the Province government under the ^^^*

II.

Charter.

bore a resemblance to the government of England,

departments were nearly as

The Governor,

distinct.

Lieutenant-Governor and Secretary of State were appointed and

commissioned by the crown,

—

to hold their respective offices

The two

ing their sovereign's pleasure.

took their oaths before each other

;

—

officers

first

afterwards, they

dur-

primarily

and the

Secretary, also other officers, were severally sworn by two of the

Council. The Gov-

The Governor was

truor.

chief magistrate^ and invested with supreme

He

executive authority.

had power

convene, adjourn, and

to

even dissolve the Legislature, and to nominate, and with advice of Council, appoint

and other

officers

civil

judges, sheriffs, justices of the peace,

all

;

—

their

days upon a nomination-book. given jurisdiction of

by warrant from monies.

all

names being

To him

probate matters, and the right of drawing

the Provincial treasury,

appropriated public

all

As Captain- General, he was empowered

the militia, and appoint and commission to erect

placed seven

first

and the Council, was

and demolish

fortifications

;

to organize

military officers

all

—but

;

also

he could not march

any inhabitant out of the Province without

his

own

that of the Legislature previously obtained.

He

could negative as

many

as thirteen of the Councillors chosen, and also the

of the

House,

often exercised

if

they were displeasing to him

by him

in

addressed by him

in

a speech

;

in

;

—

He

Legislative

were usually

the spring,

at other sessions, his

were by written message.

Speaker

a prerogative

The two

high party-times.

branches, after organizing themselves

tions

consent, or

communica-

presided at the Council-

board,* and no law or order passed by the two houses, or by either, Lieui.Gov-

was

valid

till

approved by him.

The Lieutenant-Governor when

the chief magistrate

always

was absent

the executive chair,

filled ;

but at other times, during

a series of years, he sat and voted with the Council. charter aUo included the live northerly Isles of Shoals, as embraced in Gorges' charter viz. Hog Island— Hay ley' or Smutty-nose Island Duck,

—

:

Cedar^ and

He

Malaga Islands.— See

1st vol.

chap.

vi.

A. D. 1639.

in

both

2 Hutchinson's History,

Councillors negatived^ were not

filled

that year.

p.

—

thoHgh Lord 107,—The places of

presided during executive, not legislative debates

Bellamont did

;

1

ChaP.

The

OF MAINE.

I.]

1

Legislative power was vested in two distinct branches IT.,

1

1 he

each having; a negative upon the other.

members

By

;

—

House was consisting of 28

Board of Assistants, was the House of Representatives. three of the Council were always to be or

Council^

called the

—

'^93. .j.^^^

laiure.

the other

the charter,

j^e Coun-

—

from the Province of Maine, and one from Sagadahock ; who must at the time, " be inhabitants or proprietors of land within

"the

A. D. i692

TT

ujpper

territory,"

which they were

whole number of Councillors were, the charter,

who were

May, 1693.

Those

and Samuel

Heyman

in ;

chosen at

first,

by name inserted

hold their places

to

Maine were and

for

The

represent.

to

the

till

Jol) Alcot,'^

cii.

election

in in

Samuel DonnelLf

Sagadahock, Sylvanus Davis.

Mr. Alcot and Mr. Donnell both resided

York, and both

at

of them were afterwards sometime Justices of the Inferior Court

Common

or

Pleas.

—Mr.

Alcot was one of the ancient, most

commander

of the militia

company twenty years before

theless, being somewhat advanced into the Council.

TT

He

1

in the

House.

in

1

Berwick, received

to

life,

or to his short residence

have been a

member

term expired, nor to have

Mr. Davis was

He

filled

a gentleman of

owing proba-

yet,

Maine, he

is

not

any other public

:

and

fidelity. Davis.

superintending

in

Lake upon

Maine.

office in

that Island

and

he acquired an eminent character for integrity,

business, and prudence. to

;

in

interest in Heyman.

distinguish-

good capacity and great

had been an inhabitant of Arrowsick

removed

town two years

of the Board after his charter-

the interests and affairs of Clark and in the vicinity,

Donnell.

•

mark of

this

ed respect on account of his personal worth

known

]

1

also represented his

Mr. Heyman, having an oversight and

alTairs, at

bly to his short

never-

;

years he was never rechosen

But Mr. Donnell was elected the next year

and once subsequently.

the public

Falmouth.

When that Island was No other man was more

waste, he

laid

thoroughly ac-

quainted with this eastern country,f or with the Indians, and while

a prisoner at Quebec, his reputation spect.

He was

commanded

particular re-

a worthy magistrate, and the next year,

was

elect-

ed a member of the Council.

To

fill

the places of Messrs. Alcot and

Heyman

* Written, or spelt sometimes, « Alcock," and sometimes

*Dte

^i^^,

and wealthy inhabitants of his town, and had been

substantial

— the burning of York, 1692.

at the

»'

Coun-

Alcot."

f Sulliran, p. 890.

—See

THE HISTORY

12 A. 15^2^692 cil-board, Messrs,

j

Council, and

Hook,

Hook and

Francis

1693,

in

They had been

elected. /-i m

[VoL. Charles Frost

members of President

were two of the most popular and

the Province of Maine.

wriffhi,

and

mon

j^yiiiie,

-j,

,

rleas, they

In i

i

the

useful

t

i

were both Judges

years Judge of Probate.

Hook was two The

and Mr,

;

In 1694, they were

men in Com-

Court, or

Inferior

first

were

Danforth's

Frost vviieei-

II.

re-elected.

game year, the places of Mr. Donnell and Mr. Davis were filled by Mr, Samuel Wheelwright, of Wells, son of the Rev. John Wheelwright,

town

tlie

original

and principal proprietary

of that

settler

and by Mr. Joseph hynde, who was a non-resident proprie^

;

Boston and was rep-^

Council by a non-resident landholder, with a

the

in

lived in

Indeed, the Sagadahock territory was

Province treasurer, resented

He

within Sagadahock.

tor of lands,

few exceptions, through a period of sixty or seventy years.

When made

The

Annun! IilrCoiIi)%.

elected, and before taking the qualifying oath,

Council were annually chosen on the day of the general

election in

May, by

the

members of

Board and the new

the old

House of Representatives, assembled

convention

in

vacancies happened, during the political year, the

filled in

ed

a

he usually

Board, that he was such proprietor,

affidavit at the

same way by the two branches

quorum

for transacting business

;

the

and

;

they

united,

if

^even form-*

Board being both

ordinate branch of the General Court, and an advisatory cil

Nay, when

of the Governor.

the offices of

ernor and Lieutenant-Governor were vacant,

all

a CO'^

Coun-

Gov^

both the

acts of executive

power were exercised by a majority of the whole Council

many

there have been

when commissions were House of

fpjjg

Olives.

instances,

;

and

especially in the Revolution,

signed by fifteen Councillors.

other branch of the General Court, called the House,

constituted of deputies, or representatives elected

corporate.

May

any

might be

Governor Phips, for the

first

20, 1692, unto every town, to choose

by towns-

time, issued warrants,

Uwo

and no more;'

and appointed a session on the 8th qf June, when 153* were Member» f.om Maine.

returned.

In this Legislature, eight appeared from

Maine ;

Kittery,

YqpI^^ Wells, and the Isles of Shoals, [Appledore,] severally re-

Subsequent

turning two representatives. f • That

is

to say, ffQ

25; Hampshire 12

;

m

how-

to the first year,

Plymouth 12; Essex 30; Middlesex 35 Suffolk Bristol 16 Martha's Vineyard 2 Nan;

Barnstable 11

;

;

;

tucket 2; and Maine S ;=153.

fin

1692, from Kitltty^

James Emery and Benjamin Hodsdon

;

fronj

Chap,

of malne.

i.]

were never represented

ever, those Isles

nor did any town

the

in

General Court

for sixty years, return

;

towns were always represented, during that period,

except

its

in

1697

more than

time,

to the

though the whole delegation from

;

single year,

number

member

a single

in

the

never exceeded

House

this

or eleven.*

ten

for the first ten years,

a. d»^ig92

at

Some

of

any

in

Maine, afterwards,

House.

same

th6

13

Province, in

The

entire

was usually between

60 and 80; never till 1735, exceeding 100 members. Forty a quorum for doing business ; and every one was

constituted

compensation of 3s. for his attendance, but was

entitled to a daily

finable 5s. if absent a

To

day without leave.

be entitled to the right of suffrage, a

of age,

own an

£40

worth

estate,

of their respective

might return two 40, one, or at pleasure

in :

;

—40

the

—having

less than

all

the

first

[-[Jj^"*^"^*'

leg-

name and

30 and

less

than

might elect one or none

voters,

it

might unite with the

of a representative. full

power

to

establish

manner of wholesome and reasonaand orders, not repugnant

to

those

settle annually, all civil officers,

whose

ble laws, statutes, ordinances ^to

In

every town having 120

;

Court, was given

General

—

30

in the election

with or without penalties,

of England,

voters

and upwards, one

the latter case the town

next adjoining town

To

shillings.

.^"[o of^"*^

of representation by towns was graduated to

islature, the ratio

number

years

sterling, or a freehold, which

would yield an annual income of 40

the

man must be 21

Powm or coun.

appointment was not otherwise prescribed,— and to levy taxes needful for the support of government, and the protection of the people. to

But

all

" orders, laws, statutes and ordinances'*^ were Laws

be transmitted by the

first

opportunity after enactment, to the by

king for his approval, under the royal signature. f

If,

however,

Torfc, Jeremiah MoultoQ and M. Turfrey from Wells, Eliab Hutchinson and John Wheelwrig-ht and from the Isles of Shoals, Roger Kelley and William Lakeman. In 1693, from Kitlery, James Emery. In 1694, from the same town, William Screven; and from York and Wells united, Eze;

;

kiel

Rogers, Jr.

Shapleigh,

In 1G95, from Kiltery,

In 1697,

.

James Emery, and

in

1696,

John

In IfiSG, frpn) Kiltery, Richard Cults, and

from Yorki Abraham Preble. * The non-rresident act was passed

in 1694, by which no man might " serre House for any town, unless where he did at that time live and dwell."— 2 Hutch. Hist. p. 78. f Hence these were denominated the StattUes of the reigning monarch ivho approved them, as * the StattUes of William and JUary ;* * AnnCj SfC* *'

in the

to

be

Ujc king,

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

14 A- i>.^jG92

any one of them were not expressly disallowed by him council, within

years, from the day

three

had, after that period,

it

full

and

force

Manifest inconveniences attended

effects.

were taken

bills

render the

enacted

greatly prevented.

perfect

bills to

the other for concurrence,

formerly,

;

—

in

pains

besides,

a

times,

later

General Court soon

In legislation, the

became more parliamentary than

requirement,

For great

needless multiplication of them, so reprehensible

was

privy

by lapse of time.

effect

though not without some beneficial to

.

reached the Board,

it

process and

this

in

II

— each house

amendment

sending

How-

or rejection.

ever, to avoid transmitting every minor legislative measure across Resolves,

the Atlantic, the General Court often acted by " Resolves in this

way, introduced an anomaly

into

legislation,

still

and exten-

sively practiced, though the reason has long since ceased.

TKe

rpj^g

Judici-

General Court, being authorized by charier

of Justice,

for the trial

of

cases,

all

to erect

criminal and

civil,

within the Province, immediately effected a thorough

the judiciary department.

ments provided tribunals

;

a

Some

for the erection

Supreme Court,

and Justice's Courts

;

—and

of the

first

arising

revision

legislative

and establishment of

Common

Courts

of

enact-

five judicial

Pleas, Quarter Sessions,

afterwards. Probate, Chancery, and

Admiralty Courts, The SuCouru

1 *

.

The

Superior Courf^ consisted of one Chief Justice and four

puisne,' or Side Judges,

It

was a

—any

whom formed

three of

tribunal of law and justice in

all civil

a

quorum.

and criminal cases,

through the Province, and of assize and general gaol-delivery in

each county.

by the crown, its

But till

the statute

establishing

it,

was not approved

three years had nearly elapsed,

passage by the General Court

;

subsequent to

so that none of the judges,

except the chief justice, was permanently commissioned, nor before Governor Phips' return to England.

till

1695,

In the meantime,

the jurisdictional powers of this tribunal were exercised by special

commissions of Oyer and Terminer,* one of which,

was issued by the Governor, June 2d, after the statute took effect,

it

1

was found

not to be sufficiently broad and explicit

for instance,

692, to try witches.

;

in its practical

But

operation

and another was passed

was filled with Lieut. Gov. Stoughton, Major Major Richards, Major B. Gedney, Mr. Wait Winthrop, Capt. Samuel Sewall, and Mr. Sargent. 1 Doug. Summ. p. 450.

One

special commission

Saltonstall,

—

Chap, in

a jurisdiction of

1699, which gave to the Court

and criminal,

civil

15

of maine.

i.]

—

matters, A. D.^j692

all

including appeals from the lower courts, re-

views and writs of error, as

fully to

every intent, as the courts of

common pleas and exchequer had within the kingEngland. The judges were appointed in 1695,* and

king's bench,

dom

of

June

held terms in most of the counties, twice in every year.

was the month the shire town,

for the sessions of the

till

Court

in

Yorkshire

the close of the present Indian war,

and

;

was Kit-

—subsequently York.

tery

in

" Inferior Court,^^ or

An

2.

[Common

Pleas] was established

pfeTs?°"

who had cognizance of *' triable at the common

each county, consisting of four Judges,

all civil

actions, arising within its limits,

law."

The

statute

Court was

fconstituting this

The

1699, but not essentially altered.

commissioned

now more commonly

Yorkshire,

in

also revised in

bench of Judges,

first

called

*

the

were Job Alcot,' Francis Hook, Charles Frost county of York,' ' '

^

and Samuel Wheelwright.

The

terms

in this

The

high sheriff was Joseph Curtis,

county, were holden at York, on the

days of April and July

;

and

Wells on the

at

Court, to the next Superior Court

The Court

first

the

sitting in

The Chief

oi

this

same county.

at ^j^g

Justice was Williani Siovghton, born at Dorchester, A.

D.

graduated at Harvard Colleg-e 1650, and was appointed the first Lieut. Governor under the charter of William and Mary. Though he was 1632,

in the executive chair alter

Governor Phips

left

it,

he was appointed

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1695; which 1700,

when he

died 1702.

—

aj^ain took the chair

Thomas Danforlh,

2.

oflSce he held till on the death of Lord Bellamont. He

late President of

Maine, was a roan of

great probity and stern political virtues— the idol of republicans.

name was

His

not inserted among- the chai ter Councillors, though expressly

desired by the agents. prise

and grief."

He

*•

The people received

held the office of Judge

sha Cook; a physician of Boston.

Hs was

the intelligence with surhis death, 1699.

till

a

— 3. ElU

high liberty man," and a

He was an assistant bench 1702 and died 1715, Samuel Sewall of Newbury, a graduate of Harvard College,

popular leader in the General Court near 40 years. in 1681

;

and appointed Judge

— aged 78. —

4.

1671,

was put

into the special

and Chief Justice, 1718 appointed, 1696

£40

a year,

till

;

Conn-

of York.

of General Quarter Sessions of the peace, was The Quar-

holden by the Justices of the Peace within the county, *1.

the

Tues-

Tuesdays

Appeals lay from the decision of

January and October.

3.

first

7^*^ Jutiges 111

:

left the

1700,

and

in 1695

;

commission left

it

was

in 1692

;

;

appointed Judge, 1695;

the bench, 1728.— 5.

bench, 1717.

when

left the

Wait Winthrop, Each Judges' pay was a grant of

raised to

£50.— J\Ia^s.

Rec.

p.

391.

1

THE HISTORY

6

[Vol.. n.

A.Dgj692 same times and places, the Court of

terms

Common Pleas held their having authority to " hear and determine all matters re-

:

lating

to

the conservation of the peace, and punishment of of-

fenders, cognizable by

them according

needless expense for

all

to lavjr."

But

being a

it

the Justices of the county to attend

court, four times in the year, merely for the trial of a few minor

offences;

they were

made by

the revising statute of 1699, to

consist only of those designated sion

itself.

Still,

a numerous and

though the

commis-

the Revolution.

till

—

Superior Court

this tribunal, to the

it

was

Appeals the ap-

being put under recognizance to prosecute the cause, to

and produce copies of the process, and of the

his reasons,

evidence adduced at the Justices of u>e Peace,

for the purpose, in the

of Justices was not large,

expensive court,

were allowed from pellant file

list

trial.

of the Peace were civil officers known under the charter of Gorges, never hitherto in the Colony of MassachuJustices

^-

—

setts

An

the Assistants acting as Justices through the jurisdiction.

;

indefinite

commissioned Council;

—

to

number, though not for

hold

their offices

one had jurisdiction of of

was now appointed and

all civil

Each

during good behavior.

causes to the amount of 40s. and

crimes, so far as to commit or recognize to a higher tribu-

all

nal, if

and

great,

each county by the Governor with advice of

they were heinous, and to punish such offences, as assaults

— —and

batteries

profanity

violation of the

breaches

Sabbath

—gaming—drunkenness — by

of the peace,

either

the

stocks,

cage, a fine of 20s. and even stripes not exceeding ten. Court of

^'

Probate,

Probate business,

until

the

colony

transacted in the County Court.

But

charter was vacated. in

1

687, amidst the

cmmges of government, Joshua Scottow* of Scarborough, was commissioned Judge, and his son Thomas, a young graduate of Harvard College, was appointed recorder for Yorkshire. Now,

—

under the new

Province-charter, a Judge and Register were

commissioned by the Executive, during good behavior,

County; and

in

Judge, and John Wincoln, Register. this 6.

for

each

Hook was appointed Any appeal made from

Yorkshire, 1693, Francis

Court, went directly to the Governor and Council.

A

Court of Chancery was established with power,

*'

to hear

* Previously, under President Danforth's administratioD, Mr. Scottow

had been one of the Provincial Council of Maine.

a

Chap,

of Maine.

i.]

17

common

matters of equity, not rellevable at

all

holden

in

Boston,

by three Commissioners,

—

law."

was

It

by

assisted

a. d. 1692

five

were appointed by the Gov-

Court of Chancery,

There was likewise an American Vice-Mmiralty Court ;

^.^^^^f'^^

Masters

in

Chancery,

all

of

whom

ernor and Council. 7.

and Wait JVinthrop* was appointed.

May

22, 1699, by the crown,

or by the high admiral of England, the Judge for

New-York.

and

Besides

New-England

there was a Provincial Justiciary

this,

Court of Admiralty^ holden by the Governor and Council, sitJudge and the Secretary of State, for the trial' bf

—

ting with that

piracies and other crimes,

committed on the high

seas.

From any

decision of the Provincial judicatories or courts, in Appeals lo "own, any personal action, wherein the matter in difference exceeded

£300 king

an appeal was allowed, by the charter, to the

sterling,

in council.

To

revise

and regulate the Militia, a

1693, which directed 60, other than

all

specified

the male inhabitants, between

exempts,f

military duty four days in a year

and equipped wiih a

eral

and

and Commander-in-Chief,

men, and classed be

to

firelock,

into

to

be

enrolled

who were

;

They were

own expense.

their

was passed,

statute

all

to

do

to

furnished at

organized by the Captain-Gen-

companies, severally of 60

into

regiments, whose musters were directed

All military officers of and above

triennial.

and

be well armed

appendages,

its

in

16 and

an

ensign's

rank, he himself without the advice of Council, appointed and

commissioned captains.

On

and

;

all

under that rank were appointed

any alarm given, which was understood

discharge of three guns in succession

convene

in

arms

at the usual

billet a soldier

— —

be

intervals,

place of rendezvous,

But no

await the orders of their officers. or

measured

all

same town were required, under heavy pen-

the soldiers in the alties, to

at

by the

to

officer

and

could quarter

upon any other inhabitant than an innholder

without his consent. All christians, except papists, * son,

The

were expressly allowed by the

successive Judg-es of this Court

were Messrs. Atvvood, Mempes-

Nathaniel Byfield, John Menzis, Robert Achmuty, and,

Chambers

—

Doug. Suram. p. 494. extending not only f These exempts were many P».ussel.

—

the legislature, ministers, deacons, and

all judicial

3

to all

1747,

members

and executive

but to Masters of Arts, herdsmen, and sea captains.

Vol. II

in

1

of

officers

;

The

Miiiiia,

THE HISTORY charter,

tempt

''^

liberty

of conscience

to legalize the old

with any success

be persuaded than to

in

[Vol.

nor would the General Court,

;

recommend an

any

power of

electing

arbitrament or

own

its

after this period,

ecclesiastical disputes, otherwise

compromise.*

To

new

law,

church, however, was given and secured, by a

former rights and privileges

worship and discipline

in

at-

church government, met

platform of

to interfere in

No

God."

the worship of

II.

But

minister.

if

—

the choice

every all

its

also the

was non-

concurred by the town voters, a council, consisting of three or neighboring

five

eiders,

of 1695, to be conclusive.

delegates

or

churches, was to be called,

—whose One

from

decision

statute

great and important duty

— which

enjoined upon towns by law,-

still

respective

their

was by the

was

required them to be

constantly provided with an able, learned and orthodox ministry.

defence of government, justice, liberty and religion, the

In

corner-pillars of the

no

community, there were now provided with

less assiduity than formerly,

what were esteemed

pensable safeguard and panoply, viz. tion

;

the ardor for mental culture

—

indis-

and improvement having no-

Nay, such was

where undergone any abatement.

their

schools and early educa-

zeal for learning, that every town of

still

the public

50 householders was by a

new law finable, that failed to employ a schoolmaster constantly and when the town embraced twice that number of families, the instructor

must be capable of teaching the sciences and learned

languages. Land-titles were a subject of great importance and early conMod-titles

sideration.

By

a colony ordinance of 1652, confirmed by stat-

ute in 1692, peaceable possession, five years, acquired fee-simple.

As

provided, that the owner should not lose his right, claim, within

a

title^

in

the limitation, however, was very short, the law

t(jat

if

he pursued his

length of time, after the close of the present or

second Indian war.

This provision was intended

But no

benefit of the settlers in Maine.

for the particular

territorial

purchases of

the Indians were considered valid, unless they were sanctioned the laws and usages, extant within the constituent sections of

by

the Province, where the lands lay. Bill of rigbU.

In short, the political axioms of this period, drawn into a statute *

6*7/

of rights, and passed

Nor has any Eyaod

in

X692, shew

since b«ea called.

in a

—2 Hulch. Hist.

more peculiar p. 18.

Chap,

of Maine.

i.]

manner the sentiment, sense and

By

community. ties,

19 federative a. D. 1692 10 1693. . .

of the

intelligence .

.

no one might be despoiled of

these,

his liber-

or rights, except by the judgment of his peers or the laws

denied nor deferred

Justice shall never be sold,

of the land.

;

nor shall any one be twice tried, or sentenced for the same of-

of treason, and shall

of twelve men, or by prior

All trials shall be by juries

fence.

in capital felonies

be 2;ranted

be prohibited,

allowed, except

Bail shall always be

established law.

—

*

;

Writs of habeas corpus

at the trials.

in

cases

wherein reasonable challenges shall

never Habeas

nor shall any tax be levied or laid upon the Taxes,

people, without -an act of the legislature.'*

Former laws were perpetuated

by

for a period,

a special statute, ^

till

opportunity was given, either to amend, to revise or re-enact anU

them

;

—

usages retained and practices approved

all

expletives of such legislative acts

becoming

inconsistent with the charter,

ed parts of our

'

common

any judgment rendered

For

law.' in

in after

Pleas.

similated,

mon

law

;

Judicial

by degrees,

—

were made

the furtherance of justice,

parts,

its

new

court of

equally

English

compeo-

among

Every

portion.

heirs,

justice

But

all

strictions

were prescribed

officers

highways

;

;

siderable

* But the

in the

;

regulation of public

and

man-

and re-

JThe powers and

the choice and

of their poor

man and man.

Crown

in

;

of the Govfor the

also particular duties

licensed houses.

to

number of

in the repairs ferries,

of their

and even of

Nay, almost every object of con-

importance, or public

that if the act

;

were revised

in the support

and

fences between

taxatioB.

Rules were given to counties

their prudential affairs

obligations of towns

town

excepting

of the peace

questions of di-

Yorce and alimony, were committed to the decision

agement of

Inheritances

solemnize marriages within his county

every settled minister within his town.

ernor and Council.

Com-

too sacred rn the

be touched by a despotic hand.

divisible or partible,

to

not

time the accredit-

to the free principles of the

to the oldest son a double

was authorized

legal if

process and legal remedies became as-

a code, in most of

ples' view, ever to

as the

the courts of Yorkshire^ since 1686,

might, by a provisional law, be reviewed in the

mon

—

remained unrevived,

as

utility,

received the particular

refused to approve this Bill, for the ministry foresaw

was approved, it would be a security against parliamentary

usages,

A.DM692

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

20

attention of the General Court, within

its first

Remarks,

three or four years

Nor

of legislation, under the province charter.

II.

will the writer

be charged with a needless multiplication of remarks upon the

form of government, and the general administration of affairs—-

when

their

ered,

many

importance

that

fill

operation

in

our present statute books.

In no department, Laws.

consid-

further

revolution, but are the foundation of the " acts"

American

the

it is

and amended, were not only continued

ally revised till

and when

realized,

is

of the most prominent laws and regulations, occasion-

said

it is

by able

civihans,

do the

lights

and

shades of a people's public character appear more conspicuous, than in their code of

criminal law,^

'

of penalties and punishments. their progress, tarnish

happy consideration,

—

in

the scale and species

Eutopean governments,

If

pages with more and more blood,

its

in

it is

a

and im-

that with us, practical experience

proved policy, have taken a juster view of crimes, and pursued

them with

By

a correspondent moderation as to penalties.

ucating the mind, and deepening the moral sense, crimes

prevented

—

According

time enacted,

— murder,

to a classification in the

treason,

ond conviction,

bestiality, arson,

capital crimes

:

code

piracy, rape, robbery on a sec-

assaults

and

batteries,

irauds, usury, sabbath-breaking, and

Though among little

its

all

modes

:

and the

gambling, drunkenness,

breaches of the peace.

the penalties and punishments, torture no lon-

appearance, ingenuity seems to have been not a

new and

exerted in the work of inventing ;

all

Burglary, forgery, blasphemy, perjury, adultery

embraced

ger makes

that

at

polygamy, and witchcraft were

and larceny were public offences of the second class third

be

not by aggravating the forfeitures, or sharpening the

punishments. offences.*"^

ed-

may

—some of which were

that age, mistaken as

it

cruel

if

various kinds and

not barbarous.

In truth,

was, appeared determined to try by tests

of experiment, what indelible marks of disgrace upon the body could

and

effect,

towards preventing crimes, and reforming the heart

habits of the offender.

pillory, stocks or cage^

whipped to a post

; ;

and

their foreheads

For, besides a confinement sitting

branded

in the

on the gallows, convicts were ;

their

ears cut off or nailed

and the tongue of a convicted blasphemer, perforated

with a redhot iron.

Even

ten stripes might be inflicted

by a

constable, in execution of a sentence awarded by a justice of the

peace.

— Chap,

of Maine.

i.]

21

had been

Idolatry and heresy, which

considered offences punishable by law

;

a re-enactment recorded against witchcraft,

mitted, the

was death.*

The

impossibility.

trials

—more

If such a crime

of proving

difficulty

it,

the country

were ever com-

necessarily borders on

of the accused were principally

Of

Indians.

was involved

in a

when

;

in

Sa-

1692,

the whole number,' convicted of witchcraft, 19 were,.,.

and

the spell

became

utter

in

bloody war with the eastern

fifty

others were prisoners

was

dissolved, and this master spirit of delusion,

effectually

expelled

from

in

,

Witchcraft.

.

,

executed

by

sullied,

especially since

lem (Massachusetts); and the height of the delusion was

when

A. D^^I692

greatly to be re-

it is

book should be again

gretted, that a page of the statute

the penalty affixed

were no longer

capital,

and

close confinement,

distempered and credulous

minds, by force of good sense and sound principles in religion

and reason.

Though we have no record Maine

;

of a conviction for this crime in

a single case of one, formerly an inhabitant,

George Burroughs,

impropriety be mentioned.

county, and a worthy minister of the gospel,

Falmouth between 1685 and 90, was arrested tried for witchcraftf at *

To encounter

a

'

Salem,

demoniacal

in

without Bmrmighs.

Essex

who preached at

1692, on three indictments

The

first

at

Danvers, and

spirit of delusion,' a colon}-

passed against icitchcrafl in 1646.

may

a native of

;

and

ordinance was

execution under

it,

was

at

There were several other cases in different parts of New-England before 1688, when the infatuation became more dreadful; Charlestown

and

in 1650.

in the course of three or four successive years, filled

with misery and alarm.

The

Massachusetts

were pinched, pressed and otherwise tortured by an invisible hand— accusing- some one, who was hence soon arrested and tried. See 2 Hutch Hist. p. 22-62. sufferers said they

—

f *

* *

The Indictment alleged—'

that the said Burrotighs, late of Falmouth,

May

current, and divers days and times before

Clerk, on the 9th day of

and since at Salem, certain detestable acts, called witchcrafts and sorceries> wickedly and feloniously hath used, practised and exercised, in and

upon one Mary Walcot of Salem village, singlewoman by which said wicked acts she is tortured, afflicted, wasted and tormented against the peace, and contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and * provided.' He pleaded, that he was " not g'wiZ/y."--On the trial the One witness said, upon oath, I have seen evidence was such as follows Burroughs put his finger into the muzzle of a gun and hold it out straight and though he said an Indian present did the same, none of us could re-

«

;

—




were followed by the treaty of Rysmentioned, which happily put a

before

war

in

America.

—By

the

7th

article,

it

mutual restitution should be made of all the countries, colonies and forts, taken by either party during the

French.

that

virtue of which, unfortunately,

Acadia or Nova Scotia,

without any definite boundaries, returned once more to the undis-

puted possession of the French. treaty,

was any

Neither

Only

western limits of that Province.

Breda, provision was merely made missioners to settle that question.

BoUMhey

in

the war, nor in the

done towards determining the

thing effectually

in this, as in

for the

the treaty of

appointment of com-

Meanwhile, the

state

of the

France, by treaty, and

case Spontaneously revived the controversy

chusetis

Massachusetts, by charter, both strenuously claiming the Sagada-

daiiock.^"^

hock provincc,

or country between Kennebeck and St.

Moreover the French, not content with sions eastward, presently undertook to prietors of the eastern fisheries,

their

territorial

make themselves

and even proceeded

Croix. posses-

sole pro-

to take pos-

session of Louisiana.f

A.D.

1G98.

In the

summer of 1698,

a frigate on

her passage from France

to Port-Royal, meeting with an English colonial fishing vessel,

near

Cape

French

Sable, gave the master a translated order from the

king, authorizing the seizure of

* 2 [lolmes' A. +

Ann.

p.

all

English vessels found

32.

Origin of the French claim to the river Mississippi.

chased by the United States, A. D. 1803.

Country

piii

;;

Chap, fishing

27

of Maine.

i.]

He

on the coast.

notice of the order

;

was

other vessels a.d.

also told, to give all

Bonaventure,

i698.

Enviux, soon afterwards

in the

boarding several and sending them to their homes, with a similar errand.

Governor Villebon was more from St John,*

was directed by

that he

to the country,

source to nations

mouth

its

letter,

—

as

Kennebeck

French

all

from

river

upon

its

YiUeht'n

-a

^j^^pei

its

banks, must no longer

be considered subjects of the English crown but and that

Sept. 5,

leaving the course of the river free to both

that the Indians dwelling

;

his

master, to maintain his claim

his royal

westward

far

as

In

definite.

Lieutenant-Governor Stoughton, he stated,

to

American fishermen, on the

natives

free

coast, or traders

ports, eastward of that river, will

be seized

to

the

For, said he,

:

you cannot be ignorant how plainly " it is prohibited by the treaty " between the two crowns, which you yourself sent to me." To strengthen the claim tribe, the el

;

and

French

this

this

and secure the alliance of the Canibas year

built at

was followed by

Norridgewock, a catholic chap-

a frequent epistolary correspondence,

between Ralle, the resident missionary, and the

Canada and Nova

When

Governors of

Scotia.

complaints of these encroachments were presented to Pemaquid

the Lords of

Trade and

always

" on the English right as far as the river St Croix

insist

Plantations, they replied, that they should

and strongly urged the government of Massachusetts " to rebuild " the fort at Pemaquid a work, they said, " which ought

—

" long before

The

to

have been done."

controversy was renewed

grounds taken by the disputants.

—proceeding

" Acadia" was expressly conceded St.

Germains,f of

which

in fact

upon the former

The French to

them by the

Breda,J and now of Ryswick

treaties of P"*®-

—

a country

extended much farther westward than Kennebeck

and that they had always claimed, and frequently occupied, as

But

as that river.

the English contended, that

was the Province resigned, and no more

;

JVbm

far

Scotia-^

and that when the two

and Andros was Provincial Governor

crowns were

in

alliance,

under James

II,

he established a garrison

possession of Penobscot.

*'

It is true,

at

Pemaquid, and took

the question

was somewhat

*

In 1700, the entire garrison and settlement removed to Port-Royal,

t

Ante, A. D. 1632.

t

Tj,e ri^ht to

insisted, that ho4^1n"dis-

still

Ante, A. D. 1668.

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

28 A. D. 1699.

embarrassed by Lord Cromwell's charter of the country, granted forty-two years before, to Sir

western

limits

Thomas Temple

by which the

Mus-

were fixed at St. Georges' river, or perhaps

Even John Nelson,

congus.

before mentioned,

when

a

prisoner

January 26, 1698, that though the French and

in Paris, wrote,

much

Indians should claim to Kennebeck, they might, without difficulty,

be restrained

he, " this

May

26.

mom

s^c-^

II.

the river

to

St.

Georges, " for," added

was always the ancient boundary

my

in

uncle

late

Thomas Temple's patent. "f RicHARD e«rZ Bellamont arrived at Boston, May 26, 1699, ^^^^ New-York, of which he was the Governor, and now also Thoroughly acquainted

successor of Sir William Phips.

Phlps^'^^*

with the nature and extent of the eastern claim, as pursued by the officers of the French, and knowing the intrigues of that cabinet with the Stuart succession of

kings, he in

the General Court expressed himself subjects

;

same time

with

not failing at the

to exalt

Divine Providence, (said the Governor,)

happy and wonderful revolution

late

make

to

speeches to

his

master.

royal

pass the

in bringing to

England, has been pleased

king William, the glorious instrument of our deliverance,

from the odious

fetters

which had been

artfully

subvert

in

his

warmth upon those

all

Qur

civil

that king favored,

and chains of popery and despotism, used to enslave our consciences and

rights.

It

too well

is

known what

of what religion he died, and no

nation

less,

what

must have been the execrable treachery of him, who parted with Acadia or Nova Scotia and the noble fishery on

that coast.

his present Majesty, a true English king, entirely

of his people, has restored

and greatness, exposing

to

our

in

But

the interest

nation the character of valor

his royal

person, in the fronts of our

battles. J. Bridges,

In the short administration of

Lord Bellamont,

the public atten-

veyor^Gen- tion was particularly turned towards the Provinces of Maine and

Sagadahock. lands,

served

two

By

the charter,

feet in diameter

for the

timber trees upon the crown

use of the royal navy

tree of that size,

;

and any person

without license, incurred

Ante, A. D. 1656-7,

p.

felling a

a penalty of

£100

363.

f 1 Coll. Jlass. Hist, Soc. p. 136,

He

all

12 inches from the ground, were re-

3d series.— 3 Charlevoix's

jV.

F.

p.

348-9.—

says Villieuand a British envoy, agreed upon St. Georges as the boun-

dary.

But quere

?

'

Chap,

of maine.

i.]

The

sterling.

first

29

He was A. D.

surveyor-general was John Bridges.

1699.

commissioned by the king, and came over with Lord Bellamont.

He

His jurisdiction embraced New-England. deputy surveyors; and about

£800

to deal with sibilities

Often called

sterling."^

wood

usually had

four

few years, the annual charge was

in a

of their trust great, and

its

in

the course of their duties,

men, they found the respon-

cutters and rough

performance sometimes

diffi-

cult.

But

was among the greatest

it

weakened towns and

hundreds of freeholders, or the

to the places of their birth,

heirs of deserted realties, returned, during the season, and

ed former abodes, or half wilderness lands

Men

tions.

CO,

Saco

in

Scarborough

in

Falmouth

in

habita-

and

;

;

to

Black-point and

Winter-Harbor and the Falls

to

;

Cape-Porpoise

to

;

;

visit-

repaired their

with their families removed to the peninsula of Cas- Falmouth,

Purpooduck and Spurwink,

Blue-point

many

more perhaps constructed new

dilapidated cottages, and

set-

Destitute of homes:^ yet attach-

tlements of this eastern country.

ed

prevailing on the re-

anxieties

turn of peace, to revive the wasted and

Cape-Neddock

to

;

Sa'co and

vived.^

— and

during the present and succeeding summer, those places were re-

To

peopled with several abiding families.

assist

and Kittery, "including the precinct of Berwick,"

York, Wells,

—towns which

had survived the war, and were struggling with embarrassments

;

y^^|.j^

j^^^

s'sted.

the General Court, within the period of three or four years, grant-

ed them more than £100, out of the public treasury, towards the

Besides these encouragements,

support of a gospel ministry.

Wells

particular,

in

was aided

and pecuniary

ability

;

building a meeting-house

by a

Settlements were also undertaken on

generous public donation.

Lower

both sides of Pejepscot

in

by gentlemen of energy

Falls, f

and those, as well

Pejcpspot.

as the preceding towns,

might have risen and flourished, had not some adventitious

cir-

cumstances soon prevented.

A

false

culation

and malicious report was fabricated and sent

among

the Indians,

representing, that though

into cir- Theindians

they,

by

the late treaty, were the king's subjects, and had a pledge of his protection

;

his Majesty's

colonists

were preparing

the tribes and utterly extirpate them. *

1

Doujj. Sum.

p.

+ 3

Mass. Hist.

Soc. p, 141.

to

fall

upon

So much were they pro-

484.

— Especially Topsliain.

fa^i^e^^gp^j-j*^

THE HISTORY

30 and incensed by

A. D. 1699. voiced

[VoL.

many of them The rumor probably

this story, that

excite a general insurrection.

II.

strove to

originated

among the French.* Callieres, successor of Count Frontenac,f now engaged in establishing a treaty with the Five Nations, or Mohawks, was determined

to

destroy,

if

possible, the

subsisting

harmony and peace between the English colonists and the eastern natives. These he intended to make his own steadfast and perpetual allies

and

;

more malevolent than

his emissaries,

were the authors and heralds of the The Gov-

As

ernor's Pro-

clamaiion.

could not be foreseen

it

rise,

to

;

watch

means

ticable

their

them

lic,

plepara-

in the

were actually

1" March, 1700, there

evening

adopt

all

prac-

any injury

if

also required,

by

stat-

The pub-

morning.

till

Court,

whcn

provision

infested with hostile savages.

was a

was made

special meeting of the General for a levy of soldiers,

was appointed purveyor of York,

1

5 at Kittery, and

12 or 13

men

in the

1

supplies,

— 30

5 at Wells

;

for

soldiers

were posted

at

and the legislature allowed

county of York,

gable services during the late alarm.

and

Eliakim Hutchinson^

holding the militia in constant readiness.

to

to

and defence,

entertained strong suspicions, though without cause, that

the frontiers 1700

safety

how^ever, being disturbed, nothing could fully allay their fears.

They A D

own

and

;

Town-watches were

be kept from nine

no just provoca-

to give the Indians

motions and behavior

for their

should be offered. | ute, to

excitement

this

the Governor issued his proclamation, cautioning the

people, and requiring tion

what height °

to

_

^

might

himself,

and mischievous story.

false

£137

To

popish missionaries from the eastern parts,

for their indefati-

terrify or

remove the

who were, by

report,

seducing the Indians from their allegiance to the king, and exciting

them

to a rupture

them

to depart the Province, before the 10th of the ensuing

;

a legislative aqt was passed, which required

tember, otherwise they would,

if

taken, be the subjects of

Sep-

exem-

plary punishment. ^^ord Bellamont, after a year's tarry in the Province, returned

mom checks piracy.

New-York

iq

:

and what rendered

his administration

memorable.

* 2

Hutch. Hist. p. 113. Frontenac died in 1698, ag-ed 78,

| 6 Mass. Rec. p. 57. §Eliakim was tlie son of William Hutchinson, who came over to Boston in 1636, and who, in 1673, purchased of William Phillips, a large tract of

t

land on the westerly side of the Saco, and owned mills at Newichawannock. In 1750, Kliakim sold the Saco estate to

Mr. Allen,

for £l,200.

— Chap, were

31

of Maine.

i.]

successes against the a.d.

uncommon They had infested

measures and

his judicious

pirates and bucaneers.

i700,

the coasts for thirty

now became bold, since the late war, to a fearful deThe chief freebooters, Kidd and Bradish, also several

years, and gree.

other desperadoes, were seized, sent to England, and executed

was

and happy

it

they were,

at length,

It

was another

and

;

fishing vessels, that

delivered from such a pestiferous annoyance.

proposition of the Governor's enlightened policy, to

For in the mouth of the river Piscataqua. were not wholly subdued, or war should be the

Great Island

fortify

either if piracy alternative itory

for the eastern coasters

or

;

if

;

fortify

Great

^" there were a desideratum for a military depos-

upon the eastern

peace

Proposes to

coast, or

for

Isi-

'

a place of naval resort in

he thought the Island when strongly

fortified,

great public importance, especially a defence to

would be of

New-Hampshire.

But the latter considered it an enterprize of equal interest to Maine ; and as she had been impoverished by the late war, she felt

herself inadequate to the undertaking, without the assistance

of Massachusetts.*

The

apprehensions of a rupture with the Indians gradually subJJ^^^^JJ^^'j^g

sided

;

and the hopes of a continued peace gave encouragement,

and even an impulse

to

But an undertaking so broad and

Maine.

lations ot ten years war,

No

mills,

no inclosures, no roads

country, at the present period.

remedy, as

*

1

;

They and

Bdk.

and I

destroyed

members,f some of

all

of them were

men

map the ;

:

—These

of this

ill-fated

muniments of

and therefore to

and prevent contro-

Committee of Claims.

whom were

^°™f".'^^*'^

acquainted

of intelligence and repu-

appointed times and places for their regular ses-

after receiving

JV*.

this period,

Deeds and

General Court established a

with the law, and

sions

to portray a

either mutilated or

consisting of seven

tation.

and melancholy ruins

far as possible, this singular evil,

versies, the

the deso-

but on the contrary, dilapidat-

;

fields,

were the dark shades with which were

difficult, after

was attended with every discouragement.

ed habitations, wide wasted

land-titles

country,

those engaged in the resettlement of

H.

245.

and examining

all titles

and claims

to

— Great Island, however, was fortified not long- after

and became a

stronj^ fortress.

It

was called " Fort William

Nary.^''

The committee, were Samuel

son, Nathaniel Byfield,

Jlass. Rec.

p.

158,

Sewall, John VValley, Eliakim Hutchin^ Timothy Clark, Samuel Phips, and Israel Tay. 6

W

32

'''ti'-

[Vol.

history;

A. D. 1701. lands in these eastern provinces, they,

obedience to their

in

ii.

di-

rections, reported their proceedings with facts, to the legislature.

But

May.

the aspect of affairs, the

1701, being more

next spring,

Lt. (jov

apprehends

dark and portentous, gave new and fresh damps to the ardor

and fortitude of be

On

settled.

The peace

settlers.

Europe appeared not

in

the contrary, Lieut. Governor Stoughton,

address to the two branches of the legislature, sion, told

and that extensive

;

riously apprehended.

he

May

ses-

them, that from intelligence received, the clouds gath-

ering over the eastern continent,

storm

at their

to his

in

hostilities

to

forebode a returning

among

the nations were se-

such an alternative,

In

said, that this country

seemed

must be a large and

was foreseen,

it

suffering partaker

;

and it would be gaining a great point " to fix the natives in his " Majesty's interest, and to prevent them from joining with the " French." ^^^^

tlie^eastern

4nbes.

purpose, several gentlemen, early in the season, visited

the eastern tribes

and

;

met with considerable

in

the important labors of reconciliation,

success.

It

was believed, much might be

by sending protestant missionaries

effected

aid of this

among them

A

policy, king William established "

;

and

Society in

in

Eng-

land for projaagating the Gospel in foreign par is. Jealousy of

Never had the American French looked with a more eye than tranquil

gaged

at present,

upon

settlements were reviving

;

in the

Newfoundland

year

;

and

;

fisheries,

About 2,700 fishermen, and 220 gle

The

this eastern region.

and the English people, en-

were making great voyages.

were employed

vessels

were not only awakened but increased

;

oil.

Governor stoughton, II,

and wil-

^^lat added peculiar interest to deaths of Several in a period, *

this

and while the English

short of thirteen months.

New-York, March

5,

1701

;

—

with-

Earl Bellamont died at

ing, affable

and courteous;" and professing in religion

Mas-

Alw^ays " condescend-

New-Hampshire and Maine.

himself universally popular.

were

—happening

the Governor of that Colony,

sachusetts,

moderate principles

;

it.

crisis,

important

persons

distinguished

fish,

Old jealousies

colonies deprecated a war, the French seemed to desire

James

this sin-

they took and cured 200,000 quintals of

besides 4,000 hogsheads of train and liver

Lord^BeHa-

invidious

Indians were

to

be "of the most

and government," he rendered

His death was followed by that of

Lieutenant-Governor William Stoughton, who deceased July 7th, leaving a character justly ornamental of the various important

Chap, offices

33

of mal\e.

i.]

he had so honorably

These

filled.

executive reins and management, for the cil,

by

acting

majorities of

members

events committed the A.D.

Coun-

time, to the

first

present, never

less

Germains, Sept. 16, died James

than a

quorum.

Also

now more

than twelve years since abdicated the British realm.

at St.

His son, surnamed

in his favor,

crown

to limit the

concluded

to settle

at

catholic, the English nation

it

sister to

hand, as king William died his

and

finally

upon Anne, princess of Denmark, another

Mary, the

American,

March

8,

of William,

late wife

The

there should be need ot a successor.

lamented by

For,

had resolved

to the protestants of the royal line,

daughter of James, and

—whenever

and the French monarch by

;

enkindled anew the flames of war.

was a

as the Pretender

having

England, the " Preteiider,^^ immediately

in

aspired to the throne of his father

declaring

II.

1702

a

;

event was

monarch deeply

and Dutch subjects.

as well as British

As Anne immediately ascended the throne, she only delayed till the 4th of May, to publish a declaration of war aeainst France, .

Her

noJi,

.

.

.

^'^y^ Queen

ministry persisted in asserting an exclusive ownership of the Anne's wnr ,

Sagadahock Province, and

a

wilh

.

.

common

right with the

French, to

France,

the navigation and fisheries of the Acadian seas.

This doctrine so much disrelished by Villebon, was utterly conBrouillon, temned by J ^

son of

le

Bourgne revived an

tion of the great

him,^ the Countenanced by J

his successor.

ancestral claim to the easterly sec- French,

Acadian peninsula

;

and as soon as he heard of

war, he exacted of every English vessel, 50 crowns, for license to trade

The New-Englanders were

on that coast.*

affi-onted

by

this

that they sent out vessels, with orders to

seized

Nova

make

a general

sweep

Consequently some of the wrongdoers they

—some they drove

restrained from hanging

the

so highly

and other aggressions of a similar character,

over these waters.

into the

woods,

—

nor were they hardly

up one Capt. Baptiste

as a pirate. f

Even

Scotia Indians, on the rumor of war, seized three fish-

ing vessels, belonging to Massachusetts interposition of Brouillon,

;

and

if

they, through the

were restored, Callieres

fully justified

—By

his treaty with

himself for exciting the Indians to

hostilities.

the Five Nations, three years before, he had acquired great credit •*

4C Univ. Hist.

1 Univ. Hist. p. '

p. 135.

148.

— Brouillon,

would amply avenge himself by

Vol.

II.

5

pifficiiies.

eastern

declared,

reprisals.'

if

they did not desist, he

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

34 A. D. 1702. as a negotiator

;

and he

who were

Indians,

said, the

II.

proprietors

of the eastern country, had long since committed themselves to

French

the

upon

as their protectors

;

while the English were intruders

property, and invaders of the French jurisdictional

their

rights.

Quecu Anne commissioned Joseph Dudley, Esq. Governor Massachusetts, Maine and New-Hampshire, and Thomas

fe/s arWvai aiBosiou.

Povey, Lieutenant-Governor

chusetts,

whom

both of

;

had been as well her agent

at the British

one of the mandamus Council

He to

in

bui"dii/The Pern-

was afterwards Chief Justice of New-York

member

^^'^^

make

his present

and returning

;

Isle

to

Strongly urged the General

instructions from the crown,

Court, in his

first

speech, to

The

appropriations for rebuilding the fort at Pemaquid.

—lime

in

of

commission.

foundations (he said) were entire. ing,

who

of Parliament for Newtown, before

Governor Dudley, accordins:

—most of

great plenty could be

entrenchments remained, and it

Andros' administration,

in

England, was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the

he received

^o^' .at

He was

the revolution of 1689, and confined twenty weeks.

Wight, and elected The Gov,

as a

court,

New-England.

colonial assistant, and the president of

was seized

arrived at Boston on

Mr. Dudley, a native inhabitant of Massa-

the 11th of June.

if

made

a garrison

the walls were standin

the vicinity

;

—

the

were established there,

would be the means of keeping possession of the country, and

affording relief in emergency.

Queen would a hundred

Besides

all this,

he expected, the

probably, at the expanse of the crown,

He

soldiers.

a flourishing and safe condition

Port-Royal

that in his opinion,

opposed building the bear the expense

;

and

if

with in

and

itself

might be captured, by two

;

They

fort.

it

he did not hesitate to say,

But

men.

ships and a thousand

man

wished to see the eastern provinces

the

House of Representatives

thought the Province unable to

the establishment

were renewed,

be maintained, and a wider seaboard defended

;

it

must

Falmouth being

the remotest eastern settlement yet revived since the last war. May,

1703.

5 Coundf.

At

the general election in

negative to five of the

new

May, 1703,

elected

lors.

talents, popularity

they acted

and influence.

in his arrest

he

;

who were men of

But he remembered

the

part

and imprisonment, fourteen years before,

and he was not disposed spects,

the Governor gave his

Council

to repress his resentments.

In other re-

manfully applied his splendid abilities, his courtly

man-

Chap,

of maine.

i.]

and

ners,

35

extensive knowledge, to render

his

all

the acts of his a.d.

1703.

administration acceptable to every class of people.

As

between the English and French crowns had ^ r^n^of °^ Indian lios; a war with the Indians appeared inevit- ^iiities.

hostilities in

_

^

_

commenced The able.

Europe

first

of a meditated attack,

intelligence he received

He

was from Lord Cornbury, Governor of New-York. that

a

the stories of the christian natives

if

were worthy

mixed army of French and Indians, were preparing

descent upon Deerfield,

stated,

of credit, to

and perhaps upon some other

make

a

frontier

settlements in Massachusetts, or possibly in Maine.

know

of solicitude to

Full

eastern Sagamores, Gov.

the temper and disposition of the Gov. Dud-

Dudley

sent

them messages, by which

wUh'thl^"

he requested them to meet him on the 20th of June, upon Casco junemh^' Attended by a considerable retinue, '"^ ^^sco. peninsula in Falmouth. consisting of gentlemen

chusetts and

from the Penacooks, the Sokokis, the Anasagunticooks, the All the Indians appeared to great

Canibas, and the Tarratines.*

They were

advantage. of them

fancifully

painted, as to give tribe

was

armed,

well

decorated

— and

them looks

arrived,

in

a

flotilla

spread, large enough to enclose and

these,

themselves;

when

seated, the

clad,

terrific.

—some

faces so

Probably no one

Anasagunticooks

accommodate

;

A

of 65 canoes.

attendants, with the principal

his

Among

—handsomely

the most of their

truly

so fully represented as the

250 of them and

indi-

had the pleasure of a conference with a large delega-

viduals, he tion

belonging to the legislatures of Massa-

New-Hampshire, and many other respectable

the

for

about

tent

was

Governor

Sagamores and Sachems.

English promiscuously dispersed

being not wholly without

apprehensions for their

own safety. The Governor, arisins:, addressed the Indian assemblage to this ^ ° purport / have come to you, commissioned by the great and good queen of England. I would esteem you all as brothers and friends. Yes, it is even my wish to reconcile every difficulty, :

—

whatever,

'

that has

short interval, Capt. *

'

^

happened

Simmo,

The Sag'amores were Adiwando and Hegen, Penacooks

moriy of

Peg-wacket [Saco]

Moxus and

;

After a

since the last treaty.

the chief speaker, gravely

;

replied

;

Waltanum-

JSIesamhomell and Wexar. from Androscoggin

;

Bomaseen and Capt. Samuely of Kennebeck; and Warrungunt and Wanadugunbuent^ from Penohscol.-^Penhallow's Indian Wars,— I Coll. JsT. H. Hut. Soc. p. 20. (another) Hopehood, of Norridgewock

;

The

conference.

36

THE HISTORY

[VoL.

II.

We

A. D. 1705

thank you, good brother, for coming so far to talk with a great favor. The clouds fly and darken but we sing with love the songs of peace. Believe my words.

us.

—

It is

still

So far

as the sun is above the earth ;

war, or the least rupture between us.

wampam,

Governor with a

belt of

and good

and received

faith

ents, with

;

much apparent

—

—

are

our thoughts from

They

then presented the

the usual

token of sincerity

hands several

at his

The

satisfaction.

flattering pres-

parties then repaired

two stone pillars or heaps of portable rocks, pitched

to

treaty, called by the significant

—

former

at a

name Two Brothers, where

solemn professions of friendship were further

ratified

the

by the addi-

tion of other stones.

The

reluctance.

was incomplete.

council treaty

commenced by the Sagamores, Wattanummon said, their

parley had evidently been

some degree of

with

embrace

as

many

Consequently, wishing

ernor submitted to some delays

were discussed

;

and

it

have the

it,

the

it

was

was

in

Several sub-

finished.

agreed,

finally

Gov-

was

the negotiation, which

in

progress two or three days, before jects

to

could be drawn into

tribes as

that

trading

houses should be established, the price of commodities stated and settled,

and an armorer provided

at the public

Boma-

charge.

seen and Captain Samuel, frankly acknowledged, that *' several " missionaries from the friars, lately among them, had endeav-

" ored to break the union and seduce them from their allegiance " to the crown of England, but had made no impressions on them,

"

for they were, (he said) as firm as the great rocks,

" continue so

as long as the sun

happy conclusion of

S*^""*^'" firing a

grand round on each

were requested and for lets

fired it :

first.

was confirmed by

In this ceremony, the Indians

They

admitted the compliment

Their treachery was now abundantly manifest

was perceived

—

this interview

side.

to take the lead.

and should

and moon endured."

that their guns

had

all

been loaded with bul-

so charged, probably with intent to have

made

the

En-

glish the victims of the negotiation,

had they not been promiscu-

ously seated in the general meeting,

among

cessions of

200 French and

firmed the suspicions, that

the Sagamores.

Ac-

Indians, three days afterwards, con-

in the

delays requested, the Sagamores

only awaited their arrival, when, with their aid, they would have

probably seized the Governor and his attendants, and sacrificed

Chap,

OF MAINE

i.]

the inhabitants at pleasure. cast no just imputations

37

these circumstances, however,

If

upon the

of the Indians, "every

fidelity

As

" thing assumed the promising aspect of a settled peace."

made themselves merry

usual on such occasions, they

and raising loud shouts, or acclamations

ing, dancing,

The

A. d. 1703.

with sing-

of joy.

on the whole, greatly revived the

n^^pes of

desponding hearts of the people, and enlivened their hopes, that

p^ace."*''*

this

result of the conference

country might escape the awful destiny of another Indian war,

" The eastern inhabitants, says Mr. Penhallow,^ who before had *•

thoughts

" ground

;

more were

" partly from the

" advantage of as from

were now encouraged

of removing, several

fertility

fishery,

of the

soil,

stand

to

also preparing to settle

their

among them,

the plenty of timber, the

and several other inducements

as well

encouragements offered them by proprietors and by gov-

But

ernment.

all

these prospects were

mere

which

illusions,

subsequent events speedily dissipated. * His " History of the wars of

-p. 5. I The population

ew-England with the eastern Indians."

IN

at

120,000.-2 Holmes' A. Ann.

p.

—

been variously estimated In 323.— In 1696, at 100,000, and in 1701, 31-54.— In 1750, at 354,000.-2 Doug.

of New-Eng-land has

1692, at 200,000.-39 Univ. Hist. p.

:

The quotas of men to be furassist New- York ag-ainst the Indians, were thus — Mass. and Maine, 350 Connecticut, 120 Rhode New-Hampshire, 40 New- York, 200 East and West Jersey, Island, 48 120; Pennsylvania, 80; Maryland, 160, and Virginia, 240.~But the popuSumm.

p. 180.

These cannot

nished in 1701,

[1

Belk.

all

be correct.

H.

246,

Note

*J to

:

;

;

;

lation of Massachusetts, in 1742,

;

;

was.

164,000; of Rhode-Island, in 1738,

15,000;— the towns of New-Hampshire, A. D. 1699, were only five. Hence the -probable population in Kew-England^ A. D. 1703, was at least 150,000 s

—

viz.

Massachusetts,

70,000

Rhode-Island,

New-Plymouth,

15,000

New-Hampshire,

Connecticut,

35,000

Maine,

120,000 -1

12,000

5 or

12,000

6,000

80,000=150,000.

THE HISTOHY

38

CHAPTER The third Indian

loar

— The

[Vol.

II.

French draw some of the Eastern The Colonists and Inlatter ; and the former despoil the

Tribes to St. Francois and Becancourt dians

—Mischief done by

the

habitation of Castine the younger

5 of

—

— The Indians

towns— The enemy

the eastern

11.

attack at once,

Casco

repulsed at

—

—Black— — —

York and Berwick attacked Bounties for scalps Pcquods stationed at Berwick Col. Church's Gth E. Expedition Saco fort defensible Hilton's scout Exchange of prisoners

point,

—

—

— — Gov. Dudley urges rebuilding of fort Pemaquid— Mischiefs done York and Kittcry — Indians war — Hilton' feats of Black-point — Col March's expedition against Port-Royal—Attacks on maining Maine — A smart skirmish Saco — Also at — Berjvick of Maine — Rumors of a contemplated attack from Canada — Nicholson' proposed expedition against Port-Roy— Gov. Dudley's remarks — Port-Royal captured, changed Annapolis, and Vetch appointed Governor — Mission of Livingston and younger Castine Quebec — Attacks by Indians — Chiefs go England— Expedition against Canada — 26 persons Maine — Skirmish at Wells — Treaty of Utrecht — Peace negotiated with Indians Portsmouth — Incidents of war — Character of Bomasecn, Assacombuit and Illicit

trade to

Nova

the

Scotia suspected

the

at

at

tired

the

at

s

the re-

toivns in

at

3Jiserics

s

al

to

the

to

the

to

fruitless

killed

iti

the

at

the

Castine the younger.

An

A. D. 1703.

The

Indian

Indian war always has associations, which Strike the mind

So shocking

with pain.

to the attributes of hunaanity, are the cir-

cumstances, which frequently attend lamities, cruelties,

and hardships, ed a burden

its

its

progress, that were

only characteristics,

to history.

it

might justly be consider-

But every war with the

opes facts and peculiarities, worthy of the notice has l$t,orking pjimp's

its

The {^x^^

own first

features and

own

natives, it

devel-

claims.

It

cast of character.

one would have been a

fair

sample of savage war-

had not the Indian warriors used firearms, instead of the

bow and its

ca-

carnage and suffering, or even personal exploits

traits

arrow.

and

single-handed,

Skulk, ambush, surprize and massacre, were

footsteps,

from beginning to end.

They

without the arts or aid of Europeans.

fought

Their

Chap,

39

OF MAINE

ii.]

noble. A. D. 1703.

numbers were respectable, and their motives comparatively For though their design was partly to avenge themselves of juries

;

was

it

King

recover their entire native country.

By

continuing only about three years.

ways it,

tired

was

The

and exhausted.

war was

Philip's

short,

a long one, they are al-

time chosen by them for closing

when they could com-

of their successes,

in the height

in-

the obtrusive settlers, and

principally to disperse

mand for themselves an honorable peace. and manasjed instigated The next war was in a otrreat decree o ° ° acquaintthemselves thoroughly had made who French; by the ed with the

'^'"g

2^,-.

William's war.

and habitudes of the Indians, and the

disposition

springs by which their subserviency could be completely control-

The

led.

Jesuits

had strongly infected

themselves to great merit,

titled

—

fighting

tories.

fare,

by

their side,

Campaign,

— and

sidered the greatest trophies for

into treaties,

;

leading

;

captives and

artifice

them

to

of war-

arts

were con-

scalps

premiums being

offered and paid

was a long war,

latter

they had sued for

for after

French

;

—The

them by the French.

about ten years

—

helping them to achieve vic-

undermining, and other

siege,

were taught and promoted

en-

of the Indians,

in the estimation

by furnishing them with arms and ammunition, war,

and pre-

their superstition

The Canadian French had

judices, with papal fanaticism.

was able

to

lasting

peace and entered savages an

give the

of treachery, their vengeance was re-

effectual impulse to acts

kindled, and their minds inflated with new-formed expeditions.

Another, called Queen Anne's war,

now opened under circum- 3d,

A

stances differing from either of those preceding. val of

peace had,

no

in

considerable

They saw

strength of the Indians.

degree,

recruited the

were thinned

that their tribes

;

and that they had gained nothing permanent by former wars.

Every hope of enjoying was

full

their native

territories,

and what was recovered

presently lost in peace,

if

agreed with the French,

land,

freed of white

in

war,

^not actually resigned in

their

if

any thing, was

by

treaty.

They

aversion to the English, and in

a hatred of their free politics and religious sentiments; and

such passions, they

know

in

men,

Their fathers had conveyed extensive

of despondency.

when

minds undisciplined, are inflamed by fanaticism,

neither restraint nor limits.

with the arts of civilized vate their character.

life,

All

seemed rather

their

or

short inter- Anne's

acquaintance

to abase,

They made no advancements

than elein

mental

war.

A.D.

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

40 1703.

culture, moral sense, honest industry, or

manly enterprize.

fatuated with the notion of catholic indulgences, they

inranimosity, insolence and

placable

given

;

ardent

for

all

was evidently

;

and

Aware

a

spoils

new

persuaded the shattered

tribes to collect

Becancourt

Francois

Canada

in

;

Lawrence on

Vaudreuil, his successor.

—two

and

the southerly

Indian village of Becancourt

above the mouth of the river in

settle at

is

;

side,

—

the

was

They

Becancourt

small rivers, which

the Perante, about 80, and the other

tance

taken, Callieres,*

expedient, which

vFraiicois.

into the St.

averse to wars,

numbers, without any other considerable

their

M. de

St.

Their natu-

abating.

ardently prosecuted by

wams

to

uf patriotism

fire

of the fact, and observing the Indians

emoluments or rewards, than the few

The

Dupes

blood.

regard to the sanctity of treaty obliga-

the Canadian Governor, adopted

and

keener appetite was

a

for

Punic, among the ancient Romans^

which reduced

-and Si.

enmity was more im-

and

of country had degenerated, and their

ral love

Freiic'u.

their

In-

grew bolder

and Indian Jaith among the English, became as proverbi-

;

ally bad, as the

The

;

for rapine,

spirits,

the French, they lost tions

crime

more depraved

their habits

II.

empty

one formerly

90 miles above Quebec. a small

situated at

dis-

consisting of several wig-

favored with a chapel, and accommodated

a cluster,

with a ferry over the St. Lawrence to Trois Revieres on the opposite shore.

same *'

That of St Franpois on the

river, six miles

nation."

It

from

its

mouth,

is

eastern

side of the

" a most eligible

sit-

soon became a large hamlet of wigwams, adorn-

ed with a chapel and parsonage-house, and furnished with a missionary and interpreter.

The French

draw

the

sh a lie red tribes to

thai place.

To dering

these places, the

Wawenocks,

French had the address

to

draw the wan-

the Sokokis, the Anasagunticooks, and also

the Algonquins, from Trois Revieres

;

who, intermingling, formed

what have since been called " the St. Franpois Indians."

At

these places, designed to be the rendezvous of the natives, the

command

French intended

to

their excursions,

and direct

*

man

He

died,

May

26, 1703.

their trade

their

and plunder

;

to plan

motions against the English fron-

Vaudreuil, late Governor of Montreal, was a

of abilities superior to any of his predecessors.

— 40

Univ. Hist. p.

136. t Jeffreys, p.

9-11.

Bouchetf 8 Canada,

— T. Hutchinson's Topograph.

p. 33S.

Description,

p.

6*7.

— Chap, tiers

of Maine.

ii.]

and likewise

;

to

make them

a state of neutrality with

the opening

war, to avail

the

At present the

were

latter

French, who were determined,

themselves of

Their remarkable successes,

vantage.

Mohawks,

a defence against the

case of war with that people.*

in

41 A.D.

1703.

in in

and every other ad-

this

in 'ihe late

were, in

one,

the eagerness of anticipation, only preludes to complete victories. In these

savage wars, the English settlers and their assistants The English colonists.

fought altogether on the defensive.

All parts of the country hold-

en under charter or purchase, or broken from a wilderness into fields

men

of partial cultivation

Here were

their only

whose attachments

Duty

ic ardor.

were considered by the

clearing,

from

it

in

fee.

homes, and even the birth-places of many,

to the

country were enlivened by natal patriot*

as well as inclination impelled

every hazard and every

at

or

of this generation, as rightfully belonging to them in

Though

sacrifice.

them

to

defend

torn or driven

the late war, they had determined not to abandon

their spirits

were not

fatally

it,

away it

;

broken, nor their courage subdued*

Personal exertion, intrepidity and exploits had often reflected imperishable honor even upon their defeats.

quently more genuine

when

with brighter lustre,

when

dead were mantled

in glory,

personal

the merit

and the

Valor

is

truth fre-

in

and human nature shines

;

is

Many

individual.

of the

though anxious

living,

for a

continuance of peace, were not backward to put on armor, whenever duty or country might require. the Indians were

left to

The}^ believed, however,

themselves, they would not

if

recommence

hostilities.

But no measures,

neither courtesies, presents, nor the sacred The

renewal of treaty-engagements, could keep ihem there

quiet.

was war between the English and French crowns,

impossible for their colonies to be at contrived by the French, was

now

rest.

A

arKpm.e-*^*

was

Jll^ tn^'i'jsh

it

plan of operations,

evidently maturing in Canada,

In the meantime, the impatient Indians were guilty of

some mis-

chief at Kennebeck, and a small party of Englishmen) unadvised, rashly committed an outrage at Penobscot, the late residence of

Baron de Castine.

—He

had himself, since the

last

war, gone

with his accumulated riches to France, never to return a son by a Tarratine wife, before mentioned, *

1

Doug. Summ.

p.

12.— 2 Hutch. Hist.

164-177.

Vol.

II.

6

p.

known by

j

leaving

the

Indians

When

name

131.— 5 Charlevoix's N. F.

p,

phiiider the

J;ou„eer 3 ouiiee ^'^sime's Castine hou.se.

THE HISTORY

42 A. D. 1703. of

'

Under

Castine the younger.^

ship, the foolish

men

and wicked

[VoL.

mask of pretended

tlie

visited his house, at

II.

friend-

'Biguyduce

[Castine], and besides perpetrating " great spoil," plundered

of

all

its

most valuable

transaction as a base treachery

it

Every one looked upon the

articles.

and when he complained to the

;

government, he was assured, that ample

restitution

made and

This act of violence

the ofienders severely punished.

occasioned

much deeper

hensions of to give

regrets,

should be

because there were daily appre-

from the Indians, and a general resolution

hostilities

them no provocation.

Outrageous, however, as

was,

it

the well-minded sufferer only complained and expostulated, with-

out avenging himself;

for

policy and sentiment

in

h:don, °

consistins;

°

of his wife and five children

; '

and

Hannah Parsons, a widow woman, and her young daughter into captivity. f At Berwick, five fell into an ambush one was killed, one wounded, and the other three made prison*

carried Mrs.

;

* Charlevoisc[Bd vo!.

year under Hertel, to

J\r.

F.

p.

assist the

—

men were sent out this Abpnaques, who made 15U prisoners— be»

423^9] says, 250

sides those slain, f

This

is

supposed

to

be the

g-lrl,

whom

the savagies on their march, in

1706, being linsnccessfiil in hunting^, pre[)arcd " a fire to roast, falling in their

way, supplied the

child's place."

— 2 Hutch.

when

a dog,

Hist. p. 149.

— Chap,

— 45

of Maine.

ii.]

Also, two houses were burned, and a descent made upon a.d. ers. Andrew Neale's garrison of the same place, which was under the

command

of Capt. Brown.

In

spot,

and as many wounded.

death

still

strolling

about Casco

men

the master and three in

and as

;

the

at

first

killed

and w^ounded two

shot,

then retiring to the woods, were pursued by Maj.

300 men,

March, of Casco, at the head of this

first

the boat.

The enemy At

Indians

a store-ship, intended for

was entering the harbor, they

the relief of the garrison,

others

and groans.

raising hideous shouts at his agonies

;

were

they

to retaliate,

and burnt him to

stake,

a

upon the

killed

Unable otherwise

lastened Joseph Ring, a captive, to

were quite

the assailants

this,

unsuccessful, being repulsed wnth a loss of nine

i703.

place he killed six, and

reprisals

in

war

the

;

—

made

Pegwacket.

as far as

more

prisoners of six

returning laden

with

—

the

p^^^my '.vj^'",?''

^^'''^i'-

considerable

Hence, the Legislatures of Massachusetts and New-

plunder.

Hampshire were encouraged

to offer a

Indian prisoner under ten years

one older or Capt.

Tyng

depth

ot

for

every

for

every

Moved by so liberal a premium, Falmouth,* and others, made excursions in the

for his

of

bounty of £20,

and twice that sum

;

scalp.

winter, upon snow-shoes,

enemy being engaged

though without success

;

Bmmtips

of-

scalps"

the

an expedition against Deerfieldf and

in

The government was

other western settlements.

determined,

if

keep possession of Saco, and therefore at the expense ^^^^ ^^^^ repaired. repaired the garrison near the falls. f

possible, to

of £164,

The

returning spring was a season of distressing melancholy-

aggravated by an early renewal of

Berwick was an important

pass,

hostilities

Major Mason was posted there,

with 95 Pequods and Mohegans, from Connecticut; at first a great terror to the

cover the settlement dar was shot dead,

;

for

when

barbarously mangled

;

and as

or alarms

enemy.

who were

Nevertheless, they did not

on the 25th of April, Nathaniel Meahis

body most

and about the same time, two

men were

at

work

in his field,

and

killed,

and one taken on the road

ty

on York, where they slew Matthew Austin near the garri-

fell

in

Wells.

Afterwards, a par-

son, without being able to do any more mischief in this * Sou of Col. t

Od

Edward

Tyng-.

the last day of Feb, 1704, 250 Indians, under

tel" destroyed Deerfield, carrying-

others

visit.

Mons. Artel or « Her-

away Rev. Mr. Williams, and many

See his " Redeemed Captive^*

Sfc.

\

Mass. Rec.

p. 2-3.

jy

^^q^

ll^Ji"',!^^

i^erwick.

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

46 A.I). 1704.

The

S'-asirri. expeditiou.

bold and persevering incursions of

towns wcstward

^^^^

upon the

iQQYs

and more

coast,

efficient

;

tlie

Nova

The

measures.

truth was, an attempt to

whence

Scotia achieved,

In

our evils flowed

all

furtherance of this plan,

and

coast,

550 men besides

a force of

given to the celebrated

lasting

practicable, discover and

if

in the interior, also to

was

officers

Church.^'

Furnished with

commission.

onel's

such being

;

and dismay, among the Acadian provincials.

carry retaliation

command

be car-

to

was deemed expedient

it

break up the head-quarters of the Indians,

Hence,

de-

hundred places,

means of acquiring a permanent and

to scour the eastern

first,

in a

enemy's country, and the conquest of Canada and

evidently the only

peace.

Maine,

induced the government to adopt wider plans

Policy required, that the war should

utterly vain.

ried into the

into

and the appearance of French priva-

fend and secure a frontier, open and exposed

was

enemy

II.

raised,

now holding

and the Col-

a

14 transports, 36 whale-

boats, and a scout-shallop, he sailed from Boston,

May

21, under

convoy of the Jersey and Gosportf ships of war, attended by

The

the Province galley.

particular

places of

destination

ap-

Mount Desert, Machias, upon the bay of Fundy ;

pointed him, were Metinicus, Penobscot,

Passamaquoddy, and the settlements likewise of the

Norridgewock on

enemy

his return,

at that place.

if

there were

a lodgment

His sick and wounded, he was

di-

rected to send either to the garrison at Casco, or to Pepperell's fort at Kittery-point.

„ Ho visits .

.

Pei.obscot bay.

The

little fleet

Penobscot bay

; '

came

to

anchor

at the

Island Metinicus,' out of

from which Col, Church sent out two boats to

one of the Green Islands, where three French residents, a father

and two sons, by the name of Lafavre, and dian,

were

all

taken into custody.

and obstinate, unwilling they were

terrified

by

to

The

also a

Canadian In-

prisoners were sullen

answer enquiries or act as

threats,

pilots,

or softened by promises

;

till

when

they became submissive, and' stated, that there were several families

of French and Indians, living about the margin of the Penob-

scot; and that Mons. *

John Gorham was

Gourdon and Sharkee, French

his ]/ieut. Col.

and Winthrop Hilton

officers,

his

who

Major. His

captains were John Brown, Constant Church, James Cole, John Dyer, John Cooke, Caleb Williamson, Edward Church, Joshua Lamb, Isaac

Mirick, John Harradon. t

One

Church's oth Expeditions

of 48 ^uns, Cypt. Smith; the other of 32

p. 165.

f^-uns,

Capt. Rogers,

— Chap, had

47

of Maine.

ii.]

them and the informants with ammunition A

lately furnished

and other necessaries, were then engaged

D. 1704.

building a fort at

in

Passamaquoddy. Church, under pilotage of the prisoners and one Young, taken purpose, proceeded with

out of Boston gaol for the

and whale-boats,

his transports

into

In this excursion, " he killed and took a considerable

scot.

among

ber both of French and Indians;" and

husband had gone

that her

She represented, France, where

to visit her father in

since leaving this country,

was

living

At Mount Desert, Col. Church joined

on a large

estate.

the three ships of war, Ranges

Through

at the

fear of alarming the

ed by day

head of

his

men,

whale boats,

in

enemy, he rowed by night and

never permitting a gun to be discharged, even

;

men went

his

Moose

Island,

her children Lotriell

and

;

restat

an

Church

Indian, provided he could be otherwise killed or taken.

and

ashore upon an Island, June 7th, probably

where they made prisoners of a French woman and and from the main, near her abode, they took M.

his

In ascending

family.

upon Gourdon and

the

they seized

river,

Sharkee and

family, and

his

domestics,

his

both lately commissioned from Canada, to form an expedition against the English.

rary cottages

;

They were

time dwelling

his

men hover around

of Gourdon, demanded the reason

tempo-

Church exclaimed, then

the dwelling

Because, as one replied,

:

some of the people within will not come out. or haste.

in

and that .of Sharkee was plundered of some valuable

Church, observing

articles.

at the

kill

In a

them.

fit

of passion

Instantly the

habitants received a discharge from the soldiers, and several

The

faults

infell.

and blemishes of eminent men, are often too severely

censured.

Church was highly provoked,

much

observe so

to

insubordination and exposure of his men, occasioned by the obsti-

nacy of those who ought

to

submit without resistance

;

yet he

could frame no excuses entirely sufficient, to satisfy a sensitive

He

public.

the

then proceeded as far as the

work of capture and

destruction

cer and resident, being the only one *

1

Coll.

N. H. Hist. Soc.

p.

;

falls

Chartiers,

of the river, a French

who escaped.*

32-35.-2 Hutch.

the

roast to

^

.

into the waters Passama-

and taking a fresh supply of provisions, hastened of the Passamaquoddy,

num-

the captives w^ere

baron de Castine's daughter, and her children.

he,

several of

the bay and river of Penob-

Hist.

p.

133.

in

offi-

skirmish

THE HISTORY

48 Next

A. D, 1704.

the

—

armament

sailed into the

[Voii. II.

bay of Fundy,

divided

of Fiuuiy.

the whale-boats against the remoter settlements.

;

the ships of

ing Minas [Horton] and two other

Church

ing several prisoners,

hending the strength of the

and the ships sailed Finisiies his

for

;

and

his return, finished his fifth

legislature, as a

a vote of public thanks.

Gov. Dudley

General Court represented, that

*

prisoners and a large

*

six men.'

This

the

in

expedition,

most destructive one officer

truly

wretched

;

:

The

of the

to the ill-fated

For

;

carried

by

their

into a treaty

the

were the people of Mas-

—

or

Their it

The government

I {,

f

into the fort the

Church's 5th Expedition,

towards

;

as

it

favored a lu-

which the Provincials would, by p.

152,]

owed who had

Port-Roj'al

Castine the young-er,

day before the English appeared io Casco foTt.'^—Penhallow.

killed a lad near

p.

NewMo-

Nothing surely could be more

deliverance to 60 Canadians and St.

The enemy "

at their

of

to observe strict neutrality both

French.

was a

frontier

was defended

with the Six Nations^ or

* According- to one account, [40 Univ. Hist.

the basin.

French and savage

settlements.

grateful to the inhabitants of that Province

thrown themselves

retaliation

this

crative trade with the Indians,

its

was a

Church was an was

New-England,

who had engaged

the English and

alt

in

cxpcnsc, both of livcs and means.

York had entered hawks

the

their condition, in view of winter,

New-Hampshire and Maine.

sheltcr to the rest of

war."

to

of only

loss

the season, f

Acadians.f

principal sufferers in this war,

Hampshire

'^"^

for his services,

next speech

degree averted from

great

a

in

it

enemy through

upon the English

sachusctts,

suffer-^

in his

and

commence-

they, until now, having never experienced the

Massaobu-

tile

reward

amount of plunder, with the

direful distresses so often brought,

coadjutors,

its

Port-Royal, and taken 100

who made thorough work, and

instance far enough

after

Church had destroyed

Col.

vicinity of

while

hostilities

'

it

waste the

Passamaquoddy, Mount

visiting

ment; receiving from the

Maine, the

then laid

expedition, about three months

the settlements

July 4, misappre-

called

Cliurch

fioii'^^^''^

*

and mak-

determined not to attack

fortress,

Penobscot and Casco on

last eastern

After destroy-

villages,"

rejoined the ships in the harbor of

Boston.^

^^"^"^'T ^hout Cliicgnecto ^^^^'"^j

"populous

But a council of war,

Port-Royal.

and there

war proceeding against Port-Royal, and

^|^'"'rch vis-

158-193.

Sometimes called the " Five ISations."

;

Chap,

of Maine.

ii.]

no means, have disturbed. plaint

in

Massachusetts

49

however occasioned great com- A D

It

in

On

Albany.

much

in the

from the frontier

for the plunder, taken

;

was

settlements eastward of Connecticut river,

the contrary, the French,

1705.

merchandize

often

who had

suffered so

wars with that fierce and savage people, soon saw

and realized the great benefits of the neutrality permitted no hostile movements to proceed

and therefore,

;

against any part of

New-York. Massachusetts,

in

her provident care of Maine, being

termined to keep possession of Saco, ordered, that the ing at the head of the tide be dismantled

was

originally erected only to

stiJl

de-

fort stand-

and abandoned, as

cover the Indian trade

;

it

J^efenceof scout' to

wock!^^

and that

the one at Winter-Harbor be strengthened and put in the best

Moreover,

posture of defence.

was four

when

in the winter,

who had been

feet deep, Col. Hilton,

snow

the

a Major in the late

expedition under Church, was sent by government with two hun-

dred and seventy men, including twenty Indians, to Norridge-

They

wock, on snow-shoes.

them; the season ever,

were the

for their

took twenty days' provision with

march was favorable

fatigues of a winter

dured with more fortitude and patriotism having only the pay of soldiers.

;

and

in

enemy

last

which he was

in

the government of

assisted

wigwams,

all

Nova

Scotia,

many

By this

which

John's, at the in

settle-

of the English were killed, and 140 taken prisoners.

;

and

in

felt

respective prisoners to

their

May, Gov. Vaudreuil despatched from Can-

who had been

taken captive the

Wells, and directed him to negotiate an exchange.

he was able

intelligence, that there

Vol. II

;

fj^^f^^jj^. land,

by a body of savages under the noted

Boston, Capt. Hill,

his arrival,

g^bgrcase

a bold

Canada and about Port-Royal

time the belligerents

be a burthen

in

in

St.

made

Great ravages were made among the

chief Assacombuit.

year

all,

nothing but

year, had greatly provoked the French

head of 550 men, collected

to

—

This and the successful enterprizes of

descent upon the Islands, Newfoundland and

ada

;

January, Subercase, late ruler of Placentia, having sue-

ceeded Brouillon

ments,

if

the officers themselves

a large chapel with a vestry" and deserted

they reduced to ashes.

Church and others the

and seldom,

Arriving, they were, after

disappointed, for they found none of the *'

;

campaign undertaken and en-

to

communicate

were of 7

their

to

last

On

mourning friends the

countrymen, about 117

in

of^p'S-Loners

THE HISTORY

50 A. D. 1705.

[VoL.

charge of the government, and 70 with the Indians.

II.

William

Dudley, a son of the Governor, and several other gentlemen were appointed commissioners to Quebec

70

prisoners, and yet only

and with them were sent

;

60 were obtained

Guilty

in return.

of detestable hypocrisy, Vaudreuil pretended, that " the Indians *•

were an independent and freeborn people

and that he had no

;

" right nor power to demand their captives in fact, well

known

to

whereas they were,

be entire dupes or vassals to his

How-

will.

son was protracted several

ever, the mission of the Governor's

months, under pretence either of effecting a farther exchange or of negotiating a neutrality

prisoners,

ance there, was

matter

in truth a

;

—though

his

of

continu-

of policy, to delay excursions

or sallies against the English frontiers.

Rowse was sent twice with a vessel and Nova Scotia but returned with only 24 deliverCaptivity. As deep suspicions shaded his conduct, he,

Afterwards, William

Vetch dnd

of truce to

cused oTil- flag licit

trade.

;

as principal, his friend

Nova

Scotia, and

Samuel Vetch, subsequently Governor of

two merchants of Boston,

charged with carrying on thither an

emy was

furnished with

were thrown

military stores

Yet they

into prison.

;

as accomplices,

trade,

illicit

were

whereby the en-

and consequently they

finally

escaped heavy penal-

only because the queen refused to sign the legislative acts,

ties,

passed for their punishment.

There were furthermore whispers,

Gov. DudJey uupopu-

concerned to

in this

that the

disgraceful traffic

;

wipe off the unjust aspersion, deepened as His notions of government,

prejudice.

of an aristocratic tincture

;

and he was

and esteem of the people.

eral love

Governor himself,

and he found

it is

far

Nay,

it

it

difficult

was by popular

true,

had too much

from having the genit

was expected,

at

one time, that he would be removed, and Sir Charles Hobby appointed to the executive chair.

The

Governor's influence was

certainly limited, and his unpopularity, a check to public ures, Urges the

oM"ema5

if

According

to the instructions

upon the General Court,

of the ministry, he again urged

to rebuild the fort at

Pemaquid, and

an? Repair- Contribute towards the repairs and support of fort vJfn[°"nd

Mary.

Mary*

meas-

not an embarrassment to the prosecution of the war.

to

William and

on Great Island opposite Kittery. But the House thought

Pemaquid

to

be

*

out of the usual road traversed by the Indians *

See ante, A. D.

17J0.

;

Chap,

of Maine,

ii.]

51

*

and being an hundred miles distant from any English planta-

*

tion,

*

or fishing boats, and could be of no great benefit

was merely a place of occasional anchorage

it

" to the enemy

—no

was great

—

*

pense of erecting

*

the charge of rebuilding

*

than the Province could possibly

it

and

;

would be greater

it,

—

sustain.'

" bridle

original ex-

£20,000

not less than

and supporting

—no

The

barrier to our frontier."

a. d. no6.

for coasters

In excuse for not

complying with the other proposition, the House replied, that the fort

was

her

it

originally built at the charge of

properly belonged

was only about £500 single

ent

towns

war

a

;

sum

not equal to the quota of several

trade and navigation on

the

all

of the

well as southern side

setts

had been

for

at great

expense

fortification in the

and of the parties employed

crown

the

while the

;

towards the support of the fencibles,

latter

northern as

the

an excise

Piscataqua, paid

river

towards the maintenance of the

shire,

and that Massachu-

;

protection of

New-Hamp-

procuring timber and masts

in

Province had

garrisons,

done nothing and sea-

the land-forces,

though as truly protective of her as of Maine or

Equally unsuccessful was the Governor

sachusetts.

to

Massachusetts, for one year's charge of the pres-

in

that

;

—

New-Hampshire, and

that the whole expense of the repairs

in

Masurging

upon the Legislature another proposition, which was the estab-

Governor's ^^'^'^^*

lishment of settled salaries, for the two the Province

;

the

first

executive officers of

Governor being usually allowed an annual

sti-

pend of only £500.

Through ° ally

the

summer and autumn, our

were continu-

cruisers

'

on the

eastern coast

nevertheless, the

;

,

French ^privateers

r^

Our vessel! seized and carried to

took seven of our vessels and carried them into Port-Royal. Pon-RoyaJ.

Nor could

Maine prevent j^j^^^^

the remaining towns and plantations in

or escape attacks and losses, though they had regular sentries, J*^^^^^'

nightwatches and videttes perpetually in service during the season, as itants, killed or

Creek,

five

many

carried

were

slain

as twenty-one or

into

captivity.

;

for

two of

they

their

lost,

inhab-

In Kittery, at Spruce-

and as many made captives.

Among

the

former was Mrs. Hoel, a gentlewoman of very respectable connexions

and

children

fine ;

wounded

accomplishments.

Enoch Hutchins

John Rogers, three weeks ;

and James Toby was

shot.

after,

lost his

was

Another party of eighteen

Indians, rushing from the woods, October 15th, seized rer's four children, near the garrison at

wife and

dangerously

Cape-Neddock,

Mr. Stoin

York.

A.D.

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

52 1705.

One, being too young

to travel, they

II.

knocked on the head, and

another they afterwards killed, probably amid torture, out of retaliatory revenge,

the assailants

according to savage usage

was shot down on

There were some apprehensions of an

A. D. 1706. in

the subsequent winter

;

;

because one of

his retreat.

attack upon the frontier

owing principally

to intelligence receiv-

270 men was

ed from Col. Schuyler of Albany, that a force of

preparing to march from Canada to some place unknown. fore

march, once a month, round the head of

for a circular scouting

the towns, from Kingston, N. Cruellies of first at Kiue'ry!^

them

There-

Governor Dudley, ever watchful of the enemy, gave orders

appeared rising

in

Maine,

H.

to

Salmon Falls.—The enemy

at Kittery,

April 29, where a party of

from an ambush, upon Mr, Shapleigh and

his son, as

they were travelling through the town, killed the father and car-

On

ried the' son to Canada.

a specimen of their

their

march, the savages exhibited

barbarous disposition

;

for

they

bit

off the

ends of their young prisoner's fingers, and to prevent their bleed-

There were

them with burning-hot tobacco-pipes.

ing, seared

likewise other instances of cruelty.

savage, undertook to hang

One Sampson,

Rebecca Taylor,

an overgrown

his prisoner, with his

around her neck and drawn over the limb of a

girdle tied

tree.

But, unexpectedly, his girdle broke, and she, half suspended,

This so exasperated the monster, that he was about hatchet into her head,

way, humanely Ravages

Much

in

^eufand^N. ^t Hampshire.

when

the noted

Bomaseen, passing

that

rescued the fair sufferer from her pains and perils.

mischief was perpetrated, this summer, by the Indians,

Dover, Exctcr, and Dunstable,

Q^Qton, Chclmsford, and Sudbury, the government resolved upon a

war.

fell.

plunge his

to

new

In a

lar soldier

tariff

New-Hampshire

in in

Massachusetts

;

and

at

and hence

;

more vigorous prosecution of

the

of bounties, for every Indian scalp, a regu-

was offered £10; a volunteer, without wages, £20,

and without being furnished with rations or supplies, so shy and seldom

seen were the savages, that

it is

£50 said,

;

yet,

every

Indian scalped, killed or taken, cost the Province £1000, The Indians

But, fortunately, the tribes considered the war a burden, and

tired of the

war*

.

were

.

,

heartily tired ol

selves.

as

was conceded by the French them-

Usually, a war of three years' continuance

for Indians.

revenge,

.

it,

—

In the present war, they

may have

is

long enough

gratified

their

certainly they had acquired no permanent advantage,

no considerable booty, or other emolument.

Thev had

not utter-

Chap,

town or plantation

ly destroyed a single

Hampshire

53

of mal\k.

ii.]

and those they had

;

The

nothing to the destroyers.

waste

men

white

New-

Massachusetts or

in

laid

in

of

a. d, 1706.

Maine, yielded

this

age were well

acquainted with the manner of savage warfare, and were more

The unhappy

than a match for their foes. tribes

wasted and distressed,

the beloved land ol their

liable

fathers

saw

natives

their

to be utterly extirpated from

and yet unable elsewhere

;

to

obtain a support for themselves and for their needy families.

A neutrality

was proposed by the Canadian French, which is have been rejected. Charlevoix* says, that Gov.

supposed to

fl^^i^ces

de>

'Jg*^^^'^^^

Dudley

in this

dilemma was 'much

affected with the

able to improve their lands,

*

the inhabitants, no longer

*

were continually ravaged by the Indians

way

an end

to put

*

only

*

French from Acadia.'

to their

;

which

and he thought the

was

distress,

remove the

to

the Governor had

It is true,

of Canada.

cries

great rea-

son to expect, that a complete conquest both of that country and

Canada would soon be attempted ment from England, the current only because of some changes

He was

in

since the promise of an arma-

;

year,

remained unperformed,

the political affairs of the realm.

exceedingly anxious to see Port-Royai reduced

tia,

and convert

it

an English Province.

into

serve to shew, that, though impolitic

management of

were

it

affairs

falsely said,

as

;

Nova Sco-

such an event would complete the entire conquest of

would

It

also

Governor's

the

towards that Province had cost

Massachusetts £30,000, he was successful as well as indefatigable in his labors and plans for the public good.

Another excursion eastward, was undertaken by the estimable ^ '

Colonel Hilton,

Casco with

in

January, 1707:

and a shallop was sent ^

stores and provisions for his forces, consisting of

,^a« A. D. not. .

to

^20

ton's success a^.^^'a^^k^*^'"^*

men.

So mild and

open the winter,

unsettled

that they

to the extent intended

;

was the weather, however, and

were unable

to prosecute

their

march

yet in pursuing an Indian track upon

which they struck, near Black-point,

tliey

surprised

and

killed

four savages, and took captive a middle aged

To

poose.

save her

life,

squaw with a papshe conducted them to a party of

eighteen, lying asleep on a neck of land not far distant and

guarded

;

all

of

whom

un-

except one, they killed about break of

* 2 Charlevoix's

N. F.

p. 313.

54

"I'HE

A.D.

day, and took the other a prisoner.*

1707.

er joy and triumph, because of the

coming across the Indians or Early

^

e?ped

K

the eastern service

Koyal.

and

;

at

Nantasket,

man

ford

May

period,

at this

23

command

the

The

13, in

difficulty,

of

finding their haunts.

2;ave

Wainwright and Hilton.

II.

This occasioned the great-

Governor raised two regiments

the

spring,

in the

...

tio^n

asiainst

[VoL.

HISTORY

embarked with the

officers

for

of them to Cols. troops,

convoyed by the Dept-

transports,

of war and the Province galley, and furnished with a

competent number of whale-boats.

March

expedition was given to Col.

;

The chief command of the who was well beloved by

the soldiers, and had behaved bravely in several scouts, and ren-

M

26 ^

counters with the enemy, though never tried

service

in

difficult

Arriving at Port-Royal, on the 26th, about

the present.

like

1000 men were disembarked

;

Subercase had

under him and retired

his horse shot

inhabitants took shelter in the

and a skirmish ensued,

which

in

while the

;

Misapprehending its force it " was more than a

fort.

and condition, a council of war supposed

match

for

our raw undisciplined army

embarked, June

went

officers

7,

to

in

and the forces

a disorderly manner.f

Boston

orders

further

for

ernor at

guard by the

his

ences of passion and chagrin, declared not a

man

should

termined, and at

and return

come ashore " on last

by

The Gov-

to the siege of

was able

Port-Royal.

He effect

to

Yet thinking

March

dient actually to supersede Col.

inciting influ-

another vessel arrived,

if

pain of death."

dint of effort,

re-

and some of the

;

transports put in at Casco, and one at Portsmouth.

Boston, being thrown off

all

Several of the

in

it

was dea rally

inexpe-

command,

the

the

Governor appointed three gentlemen of the Council, supervisors of the enterprize Aug.

10.

now

The

so boldly renewed.

before the town, August

10;

—but —

crippled and his health affected,

the

men were

heartened,-—the enemy's forces were increasing could inspire an union, firmness and

skill

killed

and

*The

as

_

t 2

;

and

dis-

and no means

;

yet the

no greater

army though

loss than sixteen

many wounded.

report of this affair with

little

variation from the truth,

culation at Portsmouth, on the mornings tant.

March were

sickly,

equal to the emergency.

In ten days the whole affair was at an end sufficiently mortified, really sustained

troops relanded

the spirits of

Penhalloxo's Indian

Charlevoix,

p.

War,

318-321.

p. 40.

it

was

in cir-

happened, thoug-h 60 miles

dis-

Chap,

of maine.

ii.]

consequence of

In

were much more able

unfortunate expedition, the French A. d.

this

renewal of their

to arouse the Indians to a

Beginning the

spoliations.

of three months,

55

made

last

of June, 1707, they,

As

Maine.

in

the course men

s

as-

bold advances against Kittery, Berwick,

York, Wells, Casco and Winter-Harbor, being towns and garrisons

in

1707.

All iheeas-

if

the surviving

all

actuated by personal malevo-

lence towards William Carpenter, a party pushed forward to his

dwellinghouse, in Kittery, and slew him and

men, riding

in

company with Mrs.

Littlefield,

York and Wells, were waylaid, August one,

who

field

had money

which,

said, the

Littlefield,

and carried

to

all

men

Lieutenant of the

The

Canada.

of military

were mere playthings

titles,

all

town, was taken

latter

But fishermen

rank, or character.

in their

Lurking about Casco,

clutches.

among

was on the A

this year,

Winter-Harbor. Here they attempted

of two shallops lying

at

By

waiting

in

50

till

the

garrison,

enemy was

ing at once, they threw the savage

flotilla

and

five

others were

near, and then into

all

fir-

great confusion.

Recovering themselves, (as the narrator says,) the Indians returned a discharge of musquetry, with so

much

men were

forced to abandon one of the shallops

the other,

we

prize,

spirit, ;

sails,

Indians, instantly taking possession of the

had up the mainsail, before ours was half mast

their

oars and paddles so dexterously on each

their

pursuit fearful.

;

;

dull

render sailor,

and when they saw they were

of their competitors, a number of them, in a dozen

canoes, by means of fishlines, undertook to tow her ahead. *

and little

and plied

side, as to

Their bark however, was a

and themselves unskilful mariners falling astern

that our

and entering

cut her cables, endeavored to spread the

The

They

usually appeared

three in a canoe."

severe

ca-saco!^'^

to take possession

anchor, while Capt. Austin, Mr. Har-

mon, John Cole, sergeant of the

put to sea.

Casco.

the Islands, and,

made an easy conquest of her and her crew,

Yet much the boldest movement made

on board.

lo.

After-

her.

21st of September, by a party of 150 Indians, coming to

Aug.

of them and taking the other two prisoners.

killing three

noes*

except

Mrs. Little-

savages seemed both to hate and

they intercepted a fishing smack, sailing as in like cases, they

all slain

fate.

same bloody hands plundered

wards Mr.

fear

10th, and

amount of $200 about her person, of

to the

Kittery.

on the road between

hardly escaped an equally expected

it is

Four

his family.

all

In

56

THE HISTORY

[VoL.

II.

A. D. 1707 the chase, a

breath of air breezed up, and by hauling her too near the wind, she came several times to stays, which greatly

—

A

retarded her progress.

on each other

parties

—

so smart

perpetual firing was

kept up by the and so near together were they at times,

;

was the skirmish,— and so daring the Indians,

they attempted to seize the blades of the oars, as our

that

men were and when

The engagement lasted about three hours ; men had scarcely five charges of powder left. Our loss was only one man, Benjamin Daniel, fatally wounded in his bowels; who exclaimed, I am a dead man^ but give me a gun ta kill one more before I go : ^Yet the brave man rowing.

the chase ceased, our

—

had not strength

The a^Iili'b'Let.

About nine of the enemy were

to fire.

l^st

Berwick

outrage of the Indians this season, in Maine, was at

where a small scouting party of them

;

they were returning from public worship. habitants, and a in

killed

many wounded.

well-fought skirmish, and twice as

in this

killed

two,

as

This aroused the in-

band of them, acquainted with

wait for them, and thus by having the

their paths, fire,

first

laid

threw them

into

such consternation, that they dropped their packs, contain-

ing

three, scalps

and some

articles

of value, and fled to the

woods. The misery of Maine.

'^^^^

^ "^^^^ trj^^S J^^^ could not even

They

Province.

without imminent hazard of their

crowding

cessity of tilling

lands, only

sentry-boxes.

their

remaining people of this stir

abroad, though well armed,

They were under

lives.

families into garrisoned

where they were

The lumber

situated

trade and

within call

fishery

the ne-

houses,

and

from the

were wholly

at

an end ;* the means of a livelihood were extremely slender

and

all

as the

anticipations fifth

j

of speedy relief appeared truly desperate,

summer had now

closed,

without any prospect of

peace. A.D>

But happily

170S.

tmTlef-

^"

for the

the next year,

Hutchins,

Province,

1708

who were

;

—

it

lost

these were

killed at Kittery.

only two of

its

inhabitants

Robert Read and David In the

succeeding year,

the people suffered comparatively nothing from the enemy's incursions

;

and therefore hopes began to be entertained, that the

days of extreme darkness and distress were passed. Various rumors however, during the current season continually * Gov. Dudley's speech, 170&.

Chap,

57

of maine.

ii.]

agitated the public

and scouts were

;

the

all

time

in

service, a.d. 1708

Spy-boats were also kept out along the coast between Piscataqua Alarming

At

and Winter-Harbor.

length, a story

was

sent into circulation,

army

of Albany, that there was a great

by way

collecting

in

the north, which consisted of Canadian volunteers and Indian

warriors from different tribes,

by the Abenaques and Tarratines

and that the whole force was

;

some

attack suddenly

to

frontiers.

This was a French manoeuvre

and bring them,

if possible, to

16; when one of them accidentally event,

which

all

considering an

The Mohawks

turned back.

ill

said

these na-

to unite all

concert agamst the

act in

The Hurons commenced

common enemy.

New-England

part of the

preparing

tives,

Hu-

as the Algonquins, the

and the St. Francois Indians—to be joined

Mohawks,

rons, the

—such

march, Julyj^,^jg

their

killed his

companion;

— an

omen to the expedition^ they their men were affected with

a contagious distemper, and refused to proceed.

Nevertheless,

Vaudreuil, nowise discouraged, sent to his officers fresh orders,

—

them

directing

to prosecute the

enterprise, even if

" the

Al-*

themselves should leave him

gonquins and St. Francois Indians

Therefore two hundred of them or more proceeded on

also."

;

and, though disappointed, in not receiving a re-enforcement at the place appointed,

from the Abenaques and Tarratines, they

made

surprised Haverhill, in the night of August 29, and

heap of

tern Indians If '

*

But they proceeded no

ruins.

we may

were quite needy, and

;

;

—

a friend,

to

for the

it

a

Haverhill

eas- A^ugSt^lg.

desirous of peace.

heartily

credit a letter of Subercase

maks were naked

farther

*

Mick-

the

and the Indians on the Kennebeck and Pe-

nobscot would be so too, had they not carried

*

the English, through the

*

river,

medium

on a trade with

of the natives about

where a pound of beaver was worth

a

Hudson

crown, and goods

* were sold " Thus," says Charlevoix, at a reasonable price.' " our own enemies relieved our most faithful Indian allies in their " necessities ; while they were daily hazarding their hves in our

" service."*

To weaken and

the enemy, or hold

him more

to retrieve the political character of the

effectually in check, ^-^1^^]^^,^'

government,

in

some ^^^^^^J'JJ*

measure

sullied

by former expeditions against Port- Royal

* 4 Charlevoix,

Vol.

II.

p.

100-20, 3d vol.

8

p.

452-65.

;

anoth-

Scotia.

A

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

58 was about

D. 1709. er

Of

be undertaken.*

to

Francis Nicholson,

this,

Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, was appointed Commander-

late

in-Chief, and

Nova

Samuel Vetch, before mentioned, a

late trader to

Acadian settlements, was

Scotia, well acquainted with the

In England, they had obtained the queen's

Adjutant-General.

promise, to send over several ships of war to aid

But none

prise. Treachery

hawks.^°

II.

hawks, though they had

lately joined the English,

One

ous and treacherous.

—

'

and French are each a great people

'

destroy the other, the conqueror will strive to there

was a

;

the English

one of them should

if

make

us slaves.'

threw skins

report, that these Indians

where the English soldiery had

into the stream,

Mojeal-

You know

*

this,

—The

were both

of their speakers in a great assembly

previously holden, said with boldness,

Besides

the enter-

in

the whole project failed,

arriving,

encamped,

lately

near lake Champlain, which gave the water poisonous qualities.f In February, the Governor says,

Governor's scouts.

my

former usage,

'

twenty days since, accord-

marched a scout

150 men from

of

«

ing to

*

Casco bay

*

dians in the Province of Maine, in order to keep

'

their dwelling-places,

and convince them to defend

to all the old

I

settlements or lodgements of the In-

them

their

French, were unable

ed them with ammunition, and assisted them

*

against us, about thirty years.

'

French

*

tants,

*

we

«

shall

to the

Romish

and such

shall

— So

them from

masters, the

though they have suppli-

'

'

;

new

on the war

to carry

bigoted,'

adds he,

'

are the

religion, so inveterate against all protes-

their colonial contiguity to

never be long

until

at rest,

New-EnglancJ, that

Canada and Nova Scotia

constitute a part of the British

The

Empire.'

Indians

themselves might be easily rendered tranquil, were they removed

from French influence sue^fj?*^'^"^ P®^> Councillor for

Judge upon the su- Sa?ada-

equally distinguished for his talents, learn-

Councillor for that Province administration.

a

But he was the successor of Mr. Cooke,

ing and integrity.

iries

ic. civil offi- P"*^'"

appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, were such

discussion before a

investigate

the subject,

enquiry into his qualifications was too

[VoL.

II.

the election,

or

THE HISTORY

104 A. D. 1721. late

;

it

should have been made,

his

it

deed

to

must decline

ever, before

if

He

certainly before he was sworn.

said he

was

any individual member, desirous

to lay

it

upon the speaker's

table,

see

to

as

was well known, there were various claimants

it

willing to exhib-

House voted

the

title.

to

it

Sag-

insufficient, this

answer,

and

to

produce

be an

affront,

his

refusal

being a non-proprietor

his

But

was void.

resolved, that his election

in

made and

affidavit that

official

and

;

afterwards every non-resident Councillor elect,

that

said,

is

and

;

consequence of the

Council's non-concurrence, he held his seat through the year it

for

;

Dissatisfied entirely with

abundant evidence of

his deed,

but

;

to tracts in

adahock, and the House might vote his own deed

and prejudice the

it

required

he was a proprietor, before he took

seat

his

oath at the Board.

Party-spirit

was yet only one of the many causes, which ren-

So many were the fears of a new settlements were un-

dered the current spring gloomy.

rupture with the Indians, that few or no

dertaken -inTo^^r

move.

gjjy^^,g

P.rociama-

Pmio!*.j

plantation

lots

to the

were ready

was long known by

Salmon Fall

river,

committee's report the preceding

assignment

for

be surveyed six

to

miles square, and located on the easterly side of

year.

'large

in

colonies ;'f and therefore resuming the sub-

its

in

October

and the

;

now

Indian name, Tow-wohy

Lebanon.'^ In coosequencc of the frequent wars with the natives, the gov-

General leuieinoui

was sedulous

f^J'nment

defensible

ments, prescribed to

to

have

all

new

compact and

settlements

and as the general terms, conditions and require-

;

in the location

of this town, form a leading case

which subsequent grants with a few alterations refer; the par-

ticulars are here stated

:

severally, were surveyed

one engaging clear

from

to build

In general, about CO

and

settlers,

—

each

and within

three yearsy to

for mowing and

tillage ; also

to take actual possession,

five to eight acres fit

many

as

to

offered

of 100 acres,

lots

a dwellinghouse at least 18 feet square, and 1 feet posts.

Collectively, they were also required, within five, or six years, to

build a meeting-house

wise in

;

settle

a learned orthodox

[^or

Protestant']

and make provision for his comfortable support. Likethe allotments and appropriations of this and other new

minister

;

townships, there were usually reserved three lots for public uses,

namely, the ministry, schools and the first settled minister tvhich there was, at a subsequent period,

tion of a lot

for

the future disposition

of government.'^,

* Ante, A. D. 1727. I

Post, A.

-to

added another reserva-

t 14

D. 1767.— Lebanon was incorporated

Mass. Rec.

that year.

township of land, and well situated for lumbering";

'is

it

p.

367-8.

It is

a g-ood

bordered on the

river several miles. \

Compare

the coaditions prescribed, A.

1>,

1733,

— in 14

Mcut, Rec,

p.

— Chap.

of maink.

vi.J

Next

181 brave officers and

the services and claims of the

who had

often mentioned,

diers, so

country,

;;

came

fought the battles of their

There were 840 men,

before the General Court.

belonging to Massachusetts, expedition,' as

was

it

who

took arms

called, against king

;

would be an

distinctions

all

—

or

heirs

their

shares, of

The

1

In the

in

;

whose

a legislative

comtask

equal provision for

to

them gratuitously

120

there would be

rights,

every township, besides public

or

lots.

bounties conferred and grants appropriated, were to be per-

fected whenever associates, to the

and

make

and offered

division,

75 acres each

^^'''•^

and ordered seven* new townships,

;

six miles square, to be laid out for settlement.

^"'^

Narraganset

'

invidious, ungracious

therefore the General Court resolved to

them

^^^1^^,^?^^.^

few survivors from those deceased.

distinguishing the

To make

the

in

Philip's forces

names and places of abode were reported by mittee

sol- a. d, 1733.

actually

Terms.' and two

township,

a

settle

number of

Five of these townships were

Maine

in

;

'

—one

One," [now Buxton']

;

was

sixty,

according

called

would unite the

to

'

General

Massachusetts,'

^^'a^ragan-

" JVarrasranset JVumber °

seven, or buxton

laid out in

the other, " JVarraganset

JVumber Seven"

set

^^^^

No. oue

Gor-

[now Gorham]. Encouraged by the

liberality

of the Legislature, numerous peti-

A. D. 1734.

next year, applied for bestowments of the public boun-

tioners, the

The representatives from Marblehead, stated, that their townsmen were straightened in their accommodations,' and were desirous to settle a new town in Maine, if they could obtain a grant. ty.

'

Hence, a township of 25,600 acres was surveyed next spring, on the eastern

bank of the

wherein 63 compact ten acre-lots were

them, the

to

Presumpscot

river

laid out to

as

many

set-^

and subsequently to each one a lot of 120 acres. This^^JJ^"^*^'^ plantation, called " JVew-J\larblehead" [now Windham'] had not Windham, tiers,

a rapid growth

;

for five

mills in operation, or

years elapsed before the inhabitants put

began a meeting-house.

Being then

dis-

turbed by the Indians, they erected a large block-house, whither

they and their families might retire for safety, and defend themselves, with the aid

269-281-367-8

bonds of

;

of two swivels furnished them by the pro-

with Resolves E. Lands, JJarchy 1785,

£20 were

p.

27-30

—At

required of the settlers for performance of terms

— they were never sued. See Doug. * JVinc, were in fact granted— but only seven taken.

they were of no use

1

Summ.

first, ;

but

p. 514.

Another

A. D. 1734 prietors. t^wn

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

182

Berwick and Tow-woh, was

tract, adjoining

about the same

^^^^

upon the general terms,

time and

"or

Sandford.

other

and afterward called

associates,

II.

'

Phillipstowrij^

now

to

the

town of Sandford.* Grants

to

In the present

^ood mood of

were equally successful

the

General Court, individuals

Samuel Jordan of

in their applications.

Biddeford and Christopher Baker, who had been a long time

Canada

captives in

;f

Richard Cutis of Kittery, who was shot

ten years before and lay twelve months sick of his

—who had

Ruth Lee Royal

Major Converse, who had

the children of

;

war

father in the third Indian

who had been

wounds;

her husband in the attack upon Port-

lost

by the savages

a great sufferer

a great number of others had

their

lost

and Richard Tozier of Berwick,

;

lots

;

—

all

of these and

from 150 to 200 acres given

them, which they had a right to select from any of the unappro-

Any

priated lands in Maine.

reaved of husband or father,

criples or captives

upon request, sure of receiving the

Nay,

made

in consideration ;

and

the poor were supported through the year, from

the

of services rendered between forty and

public lunds.J

At

for consideration

granted. §

also

fifty

years before

the officers and soldiers in the

length,

da expedition, of 1690, preferred

committed

were

^be-

bounty.

legislative

there were instances, where gratuities were

some of

— —were,

persons severely wounded,

—made

All

;

Cana-

which were

their memorials,

and the second year, their requests

these grants were obtained through

" the Committee of Lands ;" whose report was at this period, and in these instances, considered a sufficient reason for a legislative Proprieties

formed.

grant.

^^^^"^

At

the

first

new townships were managed as and several in common

u proprieties''^ or corporate tenancies acts

were passed

officers

But

;

for calling proprietors'

enforcing their votes

these

movements

Baker was

post— incorporated.

a prisoner 25 years

\

fitate

:

and allowed 500 acres. Perhaps p. 51-83.

uel Pool; others.

this

was

paupers.

The men who were

Wm. Rand

regulating their

Province of Maine, and some

\2 Resolves of General Court, A. D. 1734, the origin of

;

and collecting assessments.

in the old

* See Sandford, A. D. 1768, I

;

;

meetings

at the heads of these petitions were, Isaac Little,

Samuel Wright; Nathaniel Bowman SamEbenezer Hunt; Stephen Hall; and Joseph Sylvester, and

;

Samuel Greaves

;

;

Chap,

183

of Maine.

vi.]

of a similar character in that of Sagadahock, especially upon the a.d. Indians

river St. Georges, began to disturb the

contents once

had access the

man

and

;

excited, were always aggravated,

their dis-

For though they might fawn upon with a profusion of thanks, who would put

at the time,

they would,

lips,

they had opportunity,

if

surely abuse him, while they were under the influence of the toxicating draught

some

J^me jell-"

whenever they""^.

to ardent spirits.

the cup to their thirsty

of

1734.

and when sober, they were apt

;

to

in-

be jealous

possible imposition, and as often meditated revenge

for

suspected as real frauds, practised upon them during the suspension of their reason.

Nor would they

confine their

with the white people, entirely to the truck houses. travelling traders, visiting

a barter with them

the

new

settlements, wickedly courted

The Governor was moved

gains and immediate emoluments.

upon

own pecuniary

having regard only to their

;

this fearful subject

—and

traffic

Greedy or

he stated

the General

to

Court,

that by the "frequent complaints received from the frontiers,

great abuses were committed on our Indian neighbors, by in" toxicating them with excessive quantities of rum :" and ad-

*'

—

ded,

*

if

there be not a speedy check given to this growing wick-

*

edness, what good can result from

*

the government

*

their

instruction ?*

all

their benefit, or

for

—Reminding

sums expended by

the

by the Scottish society

them

also

of

the

war

for

lately

*

entered into by several of the European princes, and the great

*

preparations making

May

31,

'

it

was

it

into a

for

extensive campaigns,' he told them,

their duty to look into the state of the Province,

good posture

*

and put

*

fortunately be again visited with the scourge of war.'

By

of

defence

in

case

the extension and increase of settlements,

avenues were opened to the king's woods.

when informed of

the recent trespasses

proclamation, declaring that

made

the General Court,

be carried

to

all

it

should un-

more convenient

Hence

the Governor,

committed, issued a new

the laws of Parliament, and of

punish that class of offenders, would

into rigorous execution.

He

went so

far

afterwards,

as to threaten the Province with his Majesty's indignation, if the forest-trees of his royal

To

domains were not better preserved.

the salary question, which had so often and so highly agi-

* The Society bad Summ. p. 231,

a

missionary upon

tlie

eastern frontiers.

—

1

Dou^.

Governor's jjl'^^st tres-

P***^"-

THE HISTORY

]84 A.D.

^^'^^g®'^^"^ gave a most favorable turn

;

II.

wisdom and good

tated the people and their representatives, his

1734.

question put 1

[VoL.

having prevailed with

to rest.

the king to relax his instruction, so far as to permit the incumbent

Paper meney coHSider-

and here the unhappy controversy rested.

ed,

bills of

Governor

what sums the Legislature might grant him

to accept

.

credit,

was

.

a subject,

The

dress or abilities to bring the General Court into his views.

time set was

now

issued would

fall

only seven years

due

These

was expressly forbidden. country

;

in

" which had been long three years were

shut,

all

at a

remoter day,

lava, overflowed the

New-England

that did

" Massachusetts treasury,

share of them.*

full

which had been

all

bills, like

nor was there a government

not send out a

"or

—when

and any made payable

;

was opened, and the debts of two

paid, at the

same

time, in this- kind of

" paper ;"f which was made by law a tender in payment of debts. Still they were in effect like coin of base metal, than one part fine to two of alloy; for 10 lars

—were now worth and would

As

up

hoard

them, and

his

nay,

it

was impossible,

and breadstufFs

to

—no man can know

is

no

Nothing could be more

their face

;

—

and without some

;

safety either in barter or trade

The

faith

bills

owing

to

^^q^^

Sheepscot.

1

Doug. Summ. Hutch.

At Pemaquid he had

he treated with great courtesy

summer, the

a talk with ;

and

from

several

whom

assurances of their wishes for a continued

he received fresh

^ 2

this

Passamaquoddy, Machias, Pemaquid, Damaris-

visitcd

*

expensive wars,

redeeming them.

^n excursion into the eastern Provinces

Govcrnor

whom

much

of the Province was,

agreeably to the nominal

^but inability,

plausible apology or plea for not

Indians,

diffi-

of labor

the worth or value of his property,

pledged to pay the

true,

amount upon

abroad

it

to graduate justly the price

less that of his debts or dues.

The Cover-

of the bills.J

of merchandize, of

articles

deceptive currency

this

unchanging standard, there

the Eastern country.

£10

and gold, or send

silver

which there was a great scarcity.

was a

less

Spanish-mill'd dol-

bring about

and cash or precious metals became

it is

all

were constantly depreciating, the holder would pass

they

cult,

p. 528.

IJisl. p.

Ml.— The

loan

to

York county was £100,000.-2

Resolves, printed July, 1735. J

Governor's Speech,

chase

6*.

:

But paper money, or about which he had not the ad-

May, 1734.— He

of lawful money.

says 16*. of these

bills will

not pur-

Chap,

of Maine.

vi.]

186

though there were traders on the

peace;

given some

who had

frontiers,

A. D. 1734.

In his interview with the inhabitants of

offence.

these parts, they were able to confer with mutual satisfaction and interest

upon Dunbar's

recall, for

they had

all

viewed his agency,

as a public annoyance.

At

the next Court of Elections, the Legislature, June 10, ap- a.D. 1735

pointed, for the

and October,

at

be holden

to

urer,

:

—The

;

"alf-sbte

and Jeremiah

County Treas-

the

and the Notary-Public, Richard Cutis,

;

This year, a new valuation of -enumeration of

upwards, the

all

within

the male

jr.

of Kittery.

the taxable property,

all

and Anew vala

inhabitants,

sixteen years old and

were

taken and completed,

Province,

the

purpose of apportioning the public assessments upon

the several towns. the

Moody

John Leighton

Sheriff,

Pleas, Falmouth

January

Daniel Simpson; the Collector of the excise, Joseph Hill,

of Wells

for

alternately, in

The Judges were Samu- "^'^^

York and Falmouth.

EL Came, Timothy Gerrish, Joseph

MouLTON

Common

time, the Inferior Court, or

first

and Sessions of the Peace,

As

it

may be

gratifying

proportions of £1,000, set to the

to

have a view of

several counties in the

Province,* and to the several towns in Yorkshire, they are sub-

To

jomed.

£

York,

Berwick,

5 17

Wells,

4 19

Falmouth,

6 12

Biddeford,

Scarborough,

2 04 2 01 4 02

North-Yarmouth,

1

Arundel,

£ * (bounties

a (« (i

there remained a most difficult duty to be performed.

This was the appointment of the chief military experience, easily

found,

Gentlemen of

officers.

as well as military talents,

had they been

would have been selected and preferred.

command

the person appointed to

Pepperell, Esq. of

the expedition, w^as

Kittery, then Colonel of the

ment of the Yorkshire

militia.

But

William

western regi-

His new commission gave him

the rank of Lieutenant-General.*

He was

blemished reputation, and engaging manners

a ;

merchant of un-

extensively

known

and quite popular throughout the Provinces of Massachusetts,

New-Hampshire and Maine. ties,

These were considered as qualicommander of an army, formed of own countrymen, who were to quit their domestic

highly desirable, in the

volunteers, his

connexions and employments, and engage *

1

Doug:

Siwiin. p. 350.

in

a hazardous

enter-

—The enlistments of volunteers began, Feb.

2d.

Chap.

of

viii.J

prise of

unmeasured extent, of uncertain

who knew how

sage veteran, victory.

Had

these been

deemed in

was no a.d.

There

issue.

conduct the enthusiastic ranks in

;

1745.

to

arms were out of the question. expedi-

indispensable prerequisites, the

laid aside

possessing

quarter,

to

and experience

Skill

must have been

tion

225

mainf,.

for there

was no person

in

this

any eminent degree such qualifications.

Pepperell had a martial turn of mind, which was increased, by

most exposed

living in a part of the country, the

great lustre

to

the ravages

His patriotism now shone out with

of the French and Indians.

could

for nothing but a zeal for his country's good,

;

have carried him from the scenes of domestic enjoyment, and extensive

business

—from

the head of the Provincial

the highest honor his fellow citizens could

Council,

bestow upon him, to

He

the fatigues of a camp, and the risques of uncertain victory.

was much beloved

know and

both enlist

;

and

was necessary

it

that the

men

should

love their General, or they would not cheerfully

under him, nor yield him implicit obedience.

he re-

In giving consideration to the appointment offered him,

quested the famous Mr. Whitefield,

preaching '

Maine, to give

in

who was then

his opinion of the enterprize.

scheme

(said he) I think not very full of all will

*

eyes of

*

success, the

*

flections

*

with envy,

;

therefore, in

*

you

felt

if it

;

will

utter

for a

complaints and rewill

look upon you

You ought your glory. go with " a single eye," and then

to eclipse

my judgment

the sentiment

to

He

proportioned to your necessities.'

deep sense of the Divine Providence actions of his

to influence all the

life.

Mr. Whitefield

was likewise urged by the Commissary, another of to give a motto for the flag

suggested this

The The

and should you not meet with

be otherwise, numbers

and endeavor

will receive strength,

seemed

;

widows and orphans

—and

*

be upon you

'

encouragement.

WhitefieW's

and

itinerating

;

to which, after

his

friends,

some hesitancy, he

— " Jsil desperandum, Christo, Duce;'*^ —which being

adopted, gave the expedition the air and popularity of a

modern

jje suggests ^^jj^gj^-'®"*

crusade.

The second

in

command was Samuel Waldo,

Esquire,

was commissioned with the rank of Brisadier-General. "

who

gentleman was a native of Boston, son of Jonathan Waldo, rich

the

merchant of that place, and very extensively interested

Muscongus VoL.

II.

patent.

At that 29

time,

g^^^g, Waido, 2d in command. a

This

in

Samuel was Colonel-com-

A. D. 1743.

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

226

II.

mandant of the eastern Yorkshire regiment, and the representaHe was in the prime tive of Falmouth in the General Court. of

man

a

life,

excellent understanding

of

and great

activity.

His knowledge of men and books was much improved by travelling

and

;

his undeviating

integrity,

turn of

his military

mind

and independent manners, rendered him a highly respected com-

mander. The

The

Colo-

"on!'Haie,

Richmond, &,°Dwi1'ht.

Colonels in the

were

troops,

Gorham and Dwight.* Jeretnitth Moultoti, the third in command, was a native inhabitant of York at that time, a member of the Provincial Council, a Judge

—

of the it is

Common

Pleas and county treasurer of Yorkshire

was

believed, he

good

abilities,

been

in

the public service

acquired

war

;

He

of Pepperell.

was a man of

of amiable, popular and retiring manners, and true

His private character was highly estimable.

courage.

and

;

also a Lieutenant-colonel in the militia reg-

command

iment, under the

much

;

of the whale-boats

artillery.

had

Norridgewock during the

and possessed considerable military

ed the train of

He

was acquainted with Indian warfare

credit in taking

Gorham had charge

;

;

last

and experience.

skill

and Gridley command-

To Mr. Vaughan was

given a Lieut.

Colonel's commission, without any particular

command, he pre-

ferring the trust of such special duties, as the

Commander-in-chief

might consider

A

Large en-

there, so itants. f

ger

;

his

adventurous genius best suited to perform.

selection of the chief officers

mentn^""^ afFords an Maine.

Maine and Massachusetts

Moulton, Hale, Willard, Richmond,

answer

to the enquiry,

and several others from Maine,

why

enlistments,

were effected

much in disproportion to the number of eastern inhabThe Indian wars had enured them to hardships and dan-

and now, no

own exposed

less the

example of

situation, inspired

to take the field,

against

their ancestors, than their

them with an

enthusiastic

ardor

such confederate enemies as French

There was everywhere

a

concurrence of favorable circumstances; and some of tliem,

in

papists

and blood-thirsty savages.

* Samuel J^Ioore was Lieut. Colonel of the

New-Hampshire reg^iment, men; Siwo/i Loi/irop, Lieut. Colonel of Connecticut regiment, 51G men; and Richard Gridley^ Lieut. Colonel of the train of artiller}'.

—

804

\ " Many of the settlers about Georges' river, enlisting- under General " Waldo, were at the taking of Louisbourg where they continued with ;

*'

their families several years, and

JIS. J^arrative,

p. 10.

some never returned."

— C.

Eaton

t

— Chap,

227

of Maine.

viii.]

dependent upon human action or

nowise

The

promoti\re of ihe enterprize.

were

foresight,

greatly A. D.

174J.

February,

winter, especially

^JJ.®*J^',^g'"^j

was very mild weather

The

lisp *

and though some of them had heard of the present ex-

;

news

it

Canada

to

;

French gave no

the

improbable an undertaking

to the report of so

of

reached Nova Scotia, or Louisbourg.

any one circumstance,'

to

'

and not a

;

In short,

use the language of Douglass,*

*

—

if

had

*

taken a wrong turn on our side

*

taken a right turn on the French side, the expedition must have

*

miscarried.'

;

or

if

any one circumstance had

In less than two months, from the day the General Court re-

army of 4,000 men were naval squadron, consisting of 13 ves-

solved to undertake the expedition, an

prepared to embark ;f and a sels, besides transports and guns,J was ready to

Snow,

Shirley,

Nantasket.

at the

He

store-ships,

—

carrying about

and entering, the 24th, on board the

;

head of the armament, he put

was directed

to

to sea

for

from

proceed to Canseau, there build

a battery and block-house, deposit his stores and leave two

Thence he was

panies to guard them.

200

Pepperell received his instructions

sail.

from Shirley, March 19

army

com-

with the fleet and

to sail

Chappeaurouge-hay^ easterly of Louisbourg, arrive

Summ. p. 336. From Massachusetts and Maine,

in

* 1 I

General Wolcot

Connecticut, 516 under 3,250 men and New-Hampshire, 304 under Col. Jloore, excluiive

;

of commissioned

ofi&cers.

—2

were before the town.— A^o/.

;

Hutch. Hist. 1, p.

p.

371.

Douglass

says, 3,600

350.

guns. \

the expcdi.

Indians had not molested the eastern fron-

pedition, and carried the

heed

and the

;

out-door labor was done with

in general so pleasant, that

unusual ease. tiers

and rivers were open

the harbors

;

These were, Brig Massachusetts, Tyng,

24 20 20

Ship Caesar, Snelling^ " Shirley Galley, Rouse,

guns,

Ship (hired of R. Island,) Capt.

)

Connec-


i^st26.

26, in the vicinity of Pemaquid.

land's habi-

pleasures of rural retirement, remote from the garrison, on a

waste.

he had rendered

plantation industry,

was

flourishing

at length assailed

killed his cattle, laid entirely

wounded him and

and

fruitful

by

his

by the savage destroyers

waste his habitation and

fields,

them half-dead.*

his son, leaving

;

It

own who and

was ob-

servable, however, that very few comparatively, thus far, in this

The

Indian war, had been killed on either side.

knew how

to avoid

parties

each others' devices and attacks

;

well

and the

English, finding the great advantage to be derived from keen-

numbers of them, and were

scented, or furious dogs, kept great

followed by them

About

Canada and Nova-Sco-

as

and also

this time, the attention of

Provincials tia,

in their scouts,

—seemed

to

the

in

chasing the enemy.

Indians, as well as of the

be drawn towards Canada and Nova Sco-

armaments and expeditions, of uncommon magnitude,

were expected soon

to

proceed

Gov. Shirley, Sept.

thither.

of'Nova°"

resented to the General Court, that

Scotia.

t

'

9, rep-

there were probably in

Nova

Scotia a mixed population of 30,000,f consisting of Acadians, *Jour. of House Rep. 1747. f

Query,

if this

plantations of S. p. 152.

estimate be not too hig-h

Minas only, about 7,000

?

—There were, however, in the — Haliburtori's

souls in 1750.

1

JV*.

— Chap, *

of maine.

ix.]

French and Natives,

Roman

all

247

Catholics,

6,000 able to bear arms and take the field *

were ripe

*

opportunity

'joined by the great body of Indians

if

these were

Penobscot and Kenne-

at

*beck, they they would, under the auspices of the French, *

—then overrun

Nova

*

Hampshire, and scarcely meet with an

effectual check, even

and

troops raised in Massachusetts, Rhode-Island, shire, to

embark

What

JYova Scotia."

less or

what

at

for the

New-Hamp-

" drive the enemy out of

Annapolis, and

for

New-

Provinces, and

the eastern

Orders therefore were issued

*the river Merrimack.'

make

and of the whole country of

themselves masters of Annapolis

*

Scotia,

could

else

be attempted

?

Since through long suspense,

fearful

and delays, the public

had now been suffering most se-

verely,

two

full

ly frustrate the

nor

official

onists

At

at

large

The

months.

expedition to

in a

this juncture, the

apprehensions, inactivity

lapse of the season must itself short-

Canada

orders arrived from

were involved

;

—

neither military forces,

England

;

—

therefore the col-

sad dilemma and deep concern.

whole country was thrown

into the utmost j^yrWai

consternation, by the arrival, Sept. 12, of a large fleet and at

Nova

Scotia,' from France,' under the

command

Duke

of the

D'Anville, a nobleman of great experience and ability. in

sent to North America.

were

The

Chebucto Harbor, [now Halifax.']

fleet,

He

when

it

an-

put

from Brest, 90 days before, was the most powerful one ever

to sea

1 1

It

ships of the line,

fireships, tenders

20

frigates,

70

sail

;

—of which

there

5 ships and brigs, and 34

and transports; having on board 3,150 well

ciplined troops, and

and military

consisted of

immense

stores.

dis-

quantities of provisions, ammunition,

The Duke had

previously sent Constans with

three ships of the line and a frigate, to convoy the trade at Hispaniola,

who, according

to orders, afterwards visited

Chebucto

;

but

hearing nothing of the Admiral, after waiting a long time, sailed for

France.

The Ardent and Mars,

both of 64 guns, being shat-

tered in a storm, put back for Brest, and were finally captured also the Alcide, another 64, receiving lor the

West

Indies.

The

forces from

great damage, bore

time had elapsed for the arrival of the

;

away

Canada, about 1,700 men,

regular troops, militia, volunteers and Indians, fleet

;

all

waited

fit

army 1^^-?"°^^

^

chored

i74C.

whom

the most of

great fears were entertained,

and

;

;

could furnish A. D.

and only waited a favorable or safe

a revolt,

for

who

till

the

and then they com-

French fleet under Duke d'Anviiie.

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

248 Ai D. 1746.

menced

their returning

them

sent expresses after to

march

had

1,270

lost

be unable

sickly, as to

400 only were overtaken

From

admit of their return.

7 transports, a landing was that they

yet

;

plicated misfortunes and disasters so

cil

of war on the 18th,

return to Brest

;

was found, were so

These com-

least fatigue.

overwhelmed the Duke,

to his arrival,

he died.

that

In a coun-

the vice-admiral proposed an immediate

but a majority joined de

Canada, the

or of

it

the voyage, and the rest

undergo the

on the fourth day, subsequent

when

;

time

in

and 6 or

three ships of the line,

at length effected

men on

to

The Duke, however,

Quebec.

to

II.

third

command

in

;

la

Govern-

Jonquiere,

—concluding

to

attack

Death of Aunapolis, before the fleet left the coast. Hence, the chagrin, the two chief \ . French offi- this occasioned, in connexion with the other disappointments, ^

^

threw the vice-admiral

^

.

and he

into the deliriums of a fever,

fell

on his own sword.

malady among the

Sickness of the French,

^gj.^ mortal,

troops, proving to be a scorbutic fever

continued to rage with such violence, that 1,130 of

the troops died after ing thither in great

Meanwhile the Indians, flock-

encampment.

numbers

arms, ammunition and clothing,

for

took the infection, which preyed upon them,

more than a ed to the An

English expect-

fleet

It

third part of the

tribe at the river St.

was reported,

it

from

October

11.

would be followed to

fleet

letters received, sent

the fact to Admiral

carried off

John.*

French

by a large squadron of English ships

^jj^gpigg,

believing

that the

it

till

whole Mickmak race, and extend-

Townsend

at

and Shirley,

;

an express to communicate

But

Louisbourg.

it

was

inter-

cepted, and opened in a council of French officers, Oct. 11, and

found to read thus

Admiral Lestock, with a

fleet

of IS

sail,

has

been ordered to JVorth-America, and may be hourly expected. —H^lsFrench

fleet

leaves the

^^^^^ ^7 ^^"^ news, a part of the French left

Chebucto on the 13th,

by a most

violent storm, off

weakened and dispersed,

for

fleet,

Annapolis

Cape

:

consisting of

singly to France.

Never,' says an able and pious writer,

^*ie deiiv erance of the English




J

1747,

May.

The whole frontier in-

fested with

savn":es.

By

1st of

the

ham, appeared time when

to

May,

HE

[Vol.

liisTORV

the whole frontier

ii.

from Wells to Tops-

be infested by swarms of savages.

the fears and distresses of the people

It

were

was a

easily ag-

summer campaign had not therefore, we except Capt. Jordan's company of If, arrived. 30 men, who were posted at Topsham, the inhabitants westward were now left unassisted in their defence. Aware, probably, of this fact, the Indians shewed uncommon activity and alertness. Near Falmouth, they killed two women at New-Meadows, a gravated, because the recruits for the

;

man. Mr. Hinkley

;

Scarborough, they

at

man

tant; and at Wells, they chased a

As

men and

three

a

woman were

woman Attack on

Pemaquid.

A

men and

company of about 100, next made

in the territory of

menced

Sagad.ahock

their

and

in

which

soldiers

five

Pemaquid. of the gar-

belonging to Purpooduck, were killed, and

five recruits

three others,

appearance

and on the 26th of May, com-

;

a furious attack upon the fort and people of

This was a severe encounter,

oners

upon

firing

badly wounded the third, the

only escaping unhurt.*

large

rison,

crossing the Androscoggin in

Topsham, the Indians

a canoe, from Brunswick to

them, killed two of the

upon an inhabi-

fired

into the heart of the town.

who were

inhabitants of Falmouth,

were taken

pris-

Lovell and a lad only escaping, the former three being

;

About

dangerously wounded.

time,

this

they

made an

assault

On Damarihcotta.

upon a house

at

Damariscotta, took the owner a prisoner, and

They

slew his wife and daughter. Capt. Williamson tak-

en prisoner

also seized again

He

athan Williamson of Wiscasset.

Capt. Jon-

was an emigrant from the

west of England, and one of the earliest and most respectable settlers in his

went out

neighborhood. f

to search for their

It

them, permitted his companions, molested fering

;

taking

him any

wards him partiality.

Governor able to

him

into

They

told

when the party, waylaying who were before him, to pass un;

custody by main strength without of-

Suspicious of their

injury.

in particular,

at

seems, that he and two others

cattle

ill-will,

possibly to-

he wished to know the reason of their

him, they were on an errand from the

Quebec, who was desirous of seeing a prisoner,

give intelligence of the enemy's

movements or

plans.

* Smith's Journal, p. 47. t Sullivan^ p. 168.-

man

of eminence."

0'

^fVilliarr.son

was known

to the Ii^dians

as" a

— Chap,

253

of matne.

rx.]

Being exchanged the following year, he returned by way of BosHe said they treated him as well as their scanty means ton. would

afford

dividing to

;

him on the route

The

of subsistence they could procure.

work upon farms, river fishery,

for putting

was extremely

perilous

till

;

Canada, whatever

season for the spring pasturage, and for the

into

cattle

to

A. u. 1747.

by the

arrival

and ar-

^upon"^

J^^'^P'

rangement of re-enforcements, the destroying enemy was turned from our

arrived,

m

upon those of New-Hampshire.

frontiers,

Amidst these

direful

and discouraging scenes, news of a victory May 3. chill to the spirits of the French t'try^Ihtain-

which gave a surprizing

Canada, the Acadia ns, and

which

their Indian

all

of the eastern and northern Provinces.

;

—

a victory,

and vigor

appeared that France,

It

out two squadrons, in

all

38

sail

;

the one, a convoy of six

fleet

command

George, and the other, destined

M, de

St.

ada and Nova Scotia, was commanded by M. de

Forming

a junction, they sailed from Rochelle,

and several

after

a

frigates.

well fought

the

and were follow-

It

in

ships of the

May

3d, and

French struck

their

colors.*

fleets

Equally striking with the two former, was

Divine Providence

this

interposition of

favor of the northern English

was a most severe blow

to

Can-

met.

The two

battle,

for

Jonquiere.

la

ed by Admirals Anson and Warren, with 13 English line,

Ad-

of other ships, was put under the

East Indiamen and a of

eLXh

^n^a'^d^"' Worren.

character from disgrace and aspersion,

to retrieve her military fitted

allies

equal degree, revived the drooping courage

in

French

the

interests

in

colonies.

America.

Besides immense property taken, there were found on board the captured transports, 7,000

and numerxDus

M. de

la

suits

of clothes, 1,000 stands of arms,

designed for the Acadians and Indians.

articles

Jonquiere, Governor of Canada, an old

man

of 70, was

a prisoner, and the expectations of the Provincial French and

Ramsay and

the natives, were entirely blasted.

made

the best of their

in a large ship

way

to

from Massachusetts

to

exchanging or redeeming prisoners. they reported 361

in all

;

detachment

his

Canada

— 171

of

;f and agents were sent Prisoners Quebec, for the purpose of aJcanSa.

On their return, in August, whom took passage home;

* The French lost 6 ships of the line 6 East Indiamen 700 men killed and wounded and li million and half of money and bullion and had between 4 and 5,000 taken prisoners. " There were 30 ships laden with merchandize" and 9 taken. f 2 Hutch. Hist. p. 385. ;

;

;

;

—

254 A.

u

1747.

90 were scattered ed

;

;

—about 30

— and 70 had died

ii.

others were too sick to be remov-

having been taken from the

number

almost the whole

captivity;

in

[Vol.

HISTORY

'I'li'^'

frontiers of Massachusetts,

New-

Hampshire, and the eastern Provinces, Maine and Sagadahock. Overtures for peace were soon proposed by the powers

and

in

against

An

The

attack

Ebie^^

September,

the troops

all

at

war

;

expedition

for the

enlisted

Canada were discharged. our frontiers

hostile hordes, that visited

autumn,

the

in

appeared to be formed of Indians and a few associated French-

men, equally savage, and more mean

25 and 30

character, between

of New-Marblehead,

in

[Windham] probably

captive every one of the

succeeded

Bolton

young Mayberry, had the adroitness to in

which he seems

to

tidings

effect

;

Though

place.

—

his

companion,

an immediate escape

;

have been wounded by the shots he receiv-

By

ed, while they followed him.

by

with intent to take

some other

William

taking

in

party of this

and furnish themselves with

settlers,

plunder, while devising the ruin of

they

A

spirited.

number, entered the plantation

the report of guns

from him, the people had

as well as

notice to secure

sufficient

themselves.

An

The two

aitempi

Frederick,

remotest easterly garrisons were

they often attacked, they had «5eptembcr

looked upon

still

Frenchmen,

^

company of 60,

to

now determined

destroy.

Early

in

by

These, which

them, with the utmost jealousy and malevolence.

with the help of

September, a mixed

approached Fort Frederick, about break

silently

They

of day, their usual hour of attack.

intended probably to

take the garrison by surprize, or find an entrance by stealth, at

some unguarded moment

;

them, they happened

supposing

to fall in with

distance from the pickets

all

the soldiers within, did

own number.

not exceed one half their

;

But unexpectedly

a party of five,

to

a short

at

and finding their approach was there-

by discovered, they shot the five unfortunate

men

to

the ground,

three being instantly killed, and the other two wounded.

They

then furiously assailed the garrison, more than two hours, with a

But unable

determinate resolution to compel a surrender.

make

the least impression,

stone, they Another upon St. Georges'

it

withdrew completely repulsed.

This, or another

mixed party of

like character,

.

the fort at St. Georges, in a different manner. to

to

being principally constructed of

next besieged

J They attempted

open a subterraneous passage, from the bank of the

river,

by

Chap,

ix.]

of MAINE.

undermining the

When

its

eastern side, at a distance of ten rods. A. D.

1747.

they had advanced half way, the earth by reason of heavy

caved

rains,

on

fort

255

upon the diggers,

in

few rods

distant,

as tradition

relates,

and buried

Another attempt was then made a

or killed several of them.

—with which they proceeded about 20 The

abandoned the undertaking and the place.

feet,

and

cavities are

yet

be seen.*

to

The

A

itants.

had they

exchange

to

sels into their waters

Even

?

convert forest-

to

for necessaries

and before spring,

;

corn was worth 30s. by the bushel, and wheat flour

block-houses

remaining

As

the

;

were

and between

;

in

1

£10 by

Maine and Sagadahock,

more than twenty-five

garrisons;

public

five

there

Yet

depth of snow and the severity

of weather proved to be unusually great

Though

fields.

or to invite ves-

;

the wages of soldiers were paid in

The

a depreciating currency.

hundred.

Scarcity of

of provisions always enhances their price.

scarcity

trees into marketable lumber, than to cultivate their else

pro-

for the support of the inhab-

Beset by savages, the people were no more able

what

The

winter was a season of anxiety and distress.

duce of the country was insufScient

and noted

large

5 and 20 towns and plantations

yet only about 300 men were

the

four or

still

retained in the service.

Sagamores had intimated no wish

a cessation

for

Eastern miP

war, the government adopted a more permanent system for the

defence of the eastern inhabitants.

200

the war

£5,

was determined

It

to enlist

volunteers for the term of three years, or until the end ;

in the

and

pay each one besides

to

new

tenor

bills

ning of every succeeding

year

such as reside

These

were

in

;

excusing and excluding from

the frontier towns or plantations.

be formed into two companies for the

to

defence of the country, and the pursuit of the enemy. corps of 533

men was

of'''^^'"®"-

w^ages a bounty of

on his enlistment, and at the begin-

this service all

recruits

bis

to

be raised, of

whom 177

Another

being the most

expert disciplinarians and experienced soldiers, were assigned to the garrison

and the more exposed block-houses

;

and the res-

idue employed as scouting parties, guards, videttes, and informants.

any one were impressed

If

ed *

in

one year.f

MS.

into the service,

I^t. of Hez. Prince, Esq.

t Jonr. Mass.

H.

he was

But the ranks of both

of R.

May

9, 1748, p. 243.

to

classes

be exchang-

were rather

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

256 A. D. 1718.

avoided than sought by brave and ambitious men.

Objections

wQs

and irregular

pcrilous, fatiguing

The

service

few op-

affording soldiers

;

II,

to eiiislan(]

portunities to signalize themselves, or to acquire any considerable

the service

military credit.

It

was not a

an exploit, a chase, being

May

General Court,

27,

*

'

warrants draw more fines than that in

*

man

bills,

some

into

owing

—

men

;

though

a skirmish, a feat,

the Governor told

my

me,

impress-

out of the companies, and

instances two of the fines will scarcely hire

be necessary also

to

to

the

and the depreciation

to this

the service, especially upon

was found

;

several militia Colonels assure

of the

'

Hence

all.

that,

'

It

of victory or glory

field

often a field of battle and of blood

was

it

one

the eastern frontiers.'*

change the term of volunta-

ry enlistment, from three years to one only.

A

Proposition for estab lishing a fort at

Pe-

nobscot.

ress,

proposition

was made

for the

first

of erecting a fort-

time,

and establishing a garrison upon the banks of Penobscot

Governor Shirley thought,

river.

the seaboard

along

and might

;

it

would

also in

war, check the in-

in

them from

cursions of the Indians, and keep

fishing and- fowling

some measure secure our

fishermen, and coasters from annoyances.

In peace,

promotive of trade, and a preventive of trespasses.

command

truck house there might as

Cape Sable and

identified

;

made

would be

Indeed, a

the traffic of the tribes, as far

the river St. John

;

and a fur trade of such

extent must be worthy of great consideration. dians might be

it

Believing the In-

to see, that their real interests

and ours were

he added, that the best judges had given their un-

equivocal opinion in favor of the establishment. The

The enemy, now

ba.se-

euemy.

sidcrcd a

mere

partly

banditti.

Frenchmen, mostly Natives, were conThey were robbers, incendiaries and

murderers, alike disregarding If they

were chased

were ready

to

into

all

the

rules of

woods

honor and laws of war.

like beasts

of prey, they

follow the return of their pursuers, and

their depredations.

—

In

May

and June, they were seen

quent intervals, lurking around the habitations and

fields

renew at

fre-

of the

people dwelling between the Androscoggin and the Saco, and

waylaying the

whole intermediate

making prisoners of at

To

others.

road

;

shooting some,

mention particulars, they

Brunswick, Capt. Burnet and his neighbor

;

at

* Governor's Speech. t Joiir. Mass. Hoii.se of

Rep,

p.

66.— 16 Mass. Rec.

p. 340.

and

killed

North-Yar-

;;

Chap,

ix.]

mouth, houses

Mr. Eaton, took a captive, and burned several

shot

and

;

in

more

tors of

257

of Maine.

every place they

a, D. 1748

they were the perpetra-

visited,

These bloody scenes returning

or less mischief.

every year, and the present season, rendered more gloomy by the appearance of the fields and the gardens, parched and with-

ered by the early and extreme drought,

uncommon despondency

for they

;

°

as plain

the

2d of

July, '^ arrived

.

Falmouth the glad news,

at

On

close.

*'

But happily the period

indications of the Divine displeasure."

of darkness was drawing to a

the people with

filled

looked upon them,

that the nations

on preliminaries of peace ; and

we

after this,

war had agreed

at

hear of no more

J"'y

News

of

peace^;^ and

dian hostii-

ravages by the eastern* Indians in this war.

By and

October 7,

the ^rea^y, signed at Aix-la-Chapelle,

each crown surrendered all

conquests

territorial

Breton again passed

New-England,

to the other all prisoners without

the possession

into

;

and

Treaty of chapeiie.

To

of the French.

Massachusetts

to

The war

and her eastern inhabitants a grievance.

748,

Cape

and therefore, the Island

;

appeared ungracious

this

1

ransom,

originated

in

unhallowed motives, and closed without any considerable advan-

New-England by her

England or France.

tage, either to

zeal and public

loyalty,

acquired great credit and consideration

spirit,

which, however, to the extent due, the mother country was never In

willing to allow.

all

the colonial expeditions and public meas-

expended

ures, the Province of Massachusetts took the lead,

money

in

nearly half a million sterling, and lost about 3,000 of her

most able-bodied and Although troops

service, through the

eastern inhabitants

men.f number of 323, J were continued

effective

to the

;

winter,

for

the defence

means were used

in a. d. 1749.

and safety of the Guard

ascertain the wishes,

to

and dispositions of the Indians upon the subject of a treaty.

Hence

it

was, that early in the spring, several chiefs visiting the

fort at St.

Georges,

commanded by Capt. Bradbury,

Indians were tired of the war

;

and

if

they were

in

told

would agree with the Governor upon terms of peace. fore, a

passage thither was given them

* See post, A.

D.

f Preleminaries

1750, ravages

signed— April

There-

the Province

in

him the

Boston, they

Snow

committed by the northern Indians, 30,

1748.

—

1

Doug.

p.

565.

—

1

JSIinoVs

Hist. p. 80. \

fort

Namely, 45 at St. Georges George 12 at Saco 206 ;

Vol.

II.

;

;

24 at Pemaquid

in scouts.

33

—16

;

24 at Richmond

Jtfcw*.

Rec.

p. 428-9.

;

12 at

of

A.D.

The

1749.

executive and them visit

They

Council-chamber.

the

in

t»

,

to

j

,

professed -j

tvt

be a delegation from the tribes at Penobscot and JNorridge-

wock, and declared,

negoiiaie

II.

and on the 23d of June, a conference was holden between the

Safja-

mores

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

268

that

dians from the river St.

Sachems only waited settle a treaty

;

peace was greatly desired by

John*

for the

wishing

hostile

all

they,

'

the

all

the In-

and that the

appointment of a time and place to

meantime be suspended.

the

St. Francois,

to the

'

measures might

acts and

We

speak from our hearts,'

in

said

truth ; and we have brought own hearts these brothers presof peace makes the Indians everywhere They were dismissed, by being told, that

words of sincerity and

*

with us other credentials than our

*

ent

*

smile and rejoice. 'f

know, the voice

;

commissioners should meet the tribes

days of September

;

and that

in

at

Falmouth on the

the meantime, supplies

last

should

be transported to some of the eastern truck houses, and sold to

them quil

The French

at reasonable prices,

provided

all

of them continued tran-

and friendly.

The Govemor

of Canada,

it

was

sufficiently

his utmost to fix the Several tribes in

peace5

the interests of the French, and to render

upon him, and

entirely

known, was doing

Maine, and Nova Scotia,

Indians

them

still

in

dependent

But

obsequious to his influence. J

the

unfavorable turn their fortunes had taken, were quite sufficient to

shake the confidence of the Indians. eastern service

The number

was reduced, August 10,

to

70

;

of

men

garrisons ;§ and Sir William Pepperell, and

Commissioners ap-

in

the

—enough merely Thomas

Hutchinson, of the Council, and John Choate, Israel Williams,

and James Otis, of the House, were appointed Commissioners

to

treat with the tribes. October

14.

Chiefs a*

Falmouth,

Thcsc gentlemen, attended by a ^^^^^

waited

militia-men, till

arrived

at

military guard of

Oct. 14, before a single Indian appeared.

painful suspense

;

50 York-

Falmouth, Sept. 28, where they It

was a

but on that day, a very respectable delegation

of chiefs from Penobscot, Norridgewock, and St. Francois, presented themselves to the commissioners

;

immediately opened a

parley in the meeting-house; and on the 16th, the parties con-

cluded and signed a treaty.

The

celebrated treaty of Mr.

* Governor Shirley's Speech, 1749.

—

Rec. vol. 16. Jour, of House of Rep. p. 48. Gov. Matcarene's letter to Gov. Shirley, in May, 1749. House of Representatives, p. 14. 5 Jour

t Mass. X

Dum-

:

Chap, mer,

1726,) was

(in

259

of Maine.

ix.]

basis.

its

was denominated "the sub-A.D,

It

mission and agreement" of the tribes just mentioned.

on the part of the Indians should

lations were, that all hostilities

cease and not be renewed

that

;

all

mediately restored without ransom their possessions

all

unmolested

;

that the trade

be im-

their captives should

;

that the English should enjoy

and places of settlement

in the eastern

parts

between them and the Indians should

be under the direction of the Massachusetts government

;

that all

personal wrongs should be redressed by due course of law and justice, without

any act of personal revenge

the king's faithful subjects,

But

nances.

Sagamores reserved

the

;

and that they, as

would render obedience to

to his ordi-

the Indians,

lands

all

and proprieties not conveyed by them, nor possessed by the English in

;

and

the privileges of fishing, hunting,

all

and fowling, as

times past.

New-Hampshire, was included had signed

it,

in

the Province of Massachusetts,

when

and

;

the

Commissioners

presents, the parties

separated with saluta-

mutual and cordial friendship.*

tions of

The

as

treaty

and gave the Chiefs a counterpart, and presented

them with the usual

*

as well

the

treaty premised, that these Indians, and others, " inhabiting- within

hjs Majesty's territories of

New-England," had carried on war against

Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, contrary to treaties.

—This truly do6s

not expressly include the Mickmaks, nor the Jilarechites^ at St. John's river; yet

it is

thought the Indians at Passamaquoddy were mixed with

—The treaty

itself is signed by nineteen Sagamores and remarkable that those of Penobscot, of Norridg-eFrancois, [by their original names, " Anasag-unticooks,

those of Penobscot,

chief captains; and

it is

wock, and of St. and Wawenocks"] signed

in separate

'^Anasagunticooks and

JSTorridgewocks,''^ [or^

" Wawenocks,''^ [or

St.

Canibas

columns, thus '-^

PenobscotSy** [or,

Tar-

ratines.]

tribe.']

Toxus Cneas

(seal)

Eger-en mut

(seal)

(seal)

Maganumba

(seal)

(seal)

Natambouit

(seal)

(seal)

Magawonbee Harry

(seal)

Esparagoosaret

(seal)

Sauquisb

(seal)

Soosephnia

(seal)

Nesnouon

(seal)

Warcedeen

(seal)

(seal)

Wawawnunka

(seal)

Noktoonos Nesagumbuit Peereer

Francois Indians.]

Sawwaramet

(seal)

Ausado

(seal)

Waaununga

(seal) (seal)

See treaty entire, Mass. Council Records, vol. JL

^Alsoj 9 ColL Mass. Hist, Soc.

p.

220-222.

1749.

Its stipu- Treaty,

D. 1734-1767,

p.

108-11.

[Vol.

THE HISTORY

260

CHAPTER

li.

X.

Paris, embassy provinces— Governor The two boundaries between Canada and Nova Scotia—All paper as — money redeemed— Coins regulated— Laws — Anonymous — Truck houses — Trade—Jonquiere sends Recovery of Nova Scotia— Minas troops isthmus —Halifax tached by Indians —Jonquiere — Governor Cornwallis French from Chignecto — They fortify isthmus under Come — The Fort of Corn— Peace with Indians — Affray Wiscasset— Shirley's

eastern

to

to the

letters

captives

-

to the ncrth-easterly

at-

oj

refuses to release captives

drives the

settled

at the

wallis

la

unsettled

the

at

Northern Indians attack fort Richmond Dresden, Swan Island, and Georgetown Defensive measures

Meadows A. D. 1749.

Maine and

All

— Treaty with wcre

inter-

mischief at

—Prisoners carried — off

Falmouth and New-

outrages at

the Natives confirmed.

the occurrences in relation to these eastern

sincc they

first settled,

Provinces,

had not given them so much import-

of foreigners, as the events in the late war.

hofkviewed

wih

—Indian

— Commit

Something had been previously mate,

soil

and natural resources

;

knovi^n of their

now

geography,

cli-

they were thought worthy

of public consideration, by the politicians both of England and Lines be-

The

France.

divisional

line

between Canada and Nova Scotia

LdTan?^" had not been settled by negotiation ; and therefore Governor »SAiVZey and the Marquis VGalisioniere, late Governor of Newk°dispute!''^

France, were appointed, soon after the goes lo Paris,

barked

late

treaty, to

open a commission upon the subject.

^^^^isj

at

Boston, Sept. 11, 1749, and

left

meet

Shirley

at

em-

the chair to Spencer

Phips, the Lieutenant-Governor.* Specie ar-

The same month

England™

'^i^- Sterling, remitted

arrived at Boston the

sum

of £183,649, 2s,

from England to reimburse the Province of

Massachusetts, her expenses in the Louisbourg expedition. It had been ascertained by the General Court since the war, that

about £2,200,000 *

Here

of credit were outstanding in circula-

closes the History of Massachusetts by Jlr. Hutchinson.

said he finished

closes in

in biUs

May

it

in

1749.

1766.

He

He

died,

died in 1752.

June

3,

1780.

Douglass^

It is

Summary

— ChjLP. X.]

f

OF MAINE.

261

tioD, which had at length so depreciated, that one ounce of silver A. D.

505. of the old tenor,

would purchase tenor

Us.

and

in,

which they allowed to be paid

of 45s. old tenor, or

now

mill'd dollar,

be paid

in coin

ounce

and

;

or specie,

They

money,

in

—and

tempted

the country,

creditors,

None

short,

—

silver

mer-

and gold could not

anxious to obtain the specie, would be

many

But

of the

was opened,

the treasury

bills

15 months, that they were

of

especially

there must be a great scarcity of

oppress their debtors.

to

April 2, 1750, and so

course

—

by the

of another colony,

clamorous against the measure.

was too

said the time set

be retained

Spanish sterling.

6c?.

8c?. in silver

bill

Many,

should be liable to a penal prosecution. chants and speculators, were

4s.

March 31, 1750, should

after

whoever paid or received a

that

£75,000

at the rate

for every

tenor,

the rate of 6s.

at

bills,

was enacted by the Legislature,

it

made

pecuniary contracts,

all

these

money, or

called 6s. lawful

Fully to effectuate the purpose, that

new

^d.

lis.

in

were redeemed afterwards

of the evils foretold were experienced

;

in the

uncurrent.

the principles of

moral honesty and public confidence were extensively promoted

;

and renovated vigor and cheerfulness were diffused, through the

community,

On

the introduction and use of a metallic currency, statutes

*

See ante, A. D. 1742.

f

By

this

Fed. mo.

n.

pecuniary transactions.

in all their

mode of redemption, Oz.

Sil.

TroyW.

C.

Slat,

£.

s.

d.

£.

s.

;

J^ew Tenor.

£.

s.

Old Tenor,

£.

d.

s.

d.

05

0

0

0 15

1

17

6

7 10 00

0

0

2

5

5

12

6

22 10 00

56

5

0

225 00 00

562 10

0

2,250 00 00

0 56,250 00 00

225,000 00 00

1

3,33^

3

1

9

3

30 0

0

l,gO,00

90

1,000,00

900

300

0

100,000,00

9i',000

30,000

0

Money

Ster.

068

1,11^

10)0

the ratio stands thus

or law. mo.

remitted £183,649,

0

22 10

225

0 22,500

0

2s. 7ic/.-|-tax

0 12

2 10 00

6

£75,000=£258,649,

2*.

l^d,

which would redeem about £2,586^500 of the old tenor, or £646,625, of tho new tenor. In Nov. 1752, Lieutenant-Governor Phips says, if the outstanding taxes were paid, the Province would be out of debt— a happi-

—

'

'


^ S. p. 150-9-160.

Chap,

x.]

year past, which, though

ment,

was

filled

was

it

of no very great

in itself

tribe,

A. D. 1760.

between several white men and some of the

which one Indian was

in

badly wounded.

mo-

This The

the eastern inhabitants with fear and trembling.

a violent quarrel

Canibas

267

of maine.

So unfortunate was the

as to occur within six

weeks

and before peace had become

killed

homi-

casset.

and two others of time,

affray, in point

treaty of Falmouth,

after the late

Three of the white

fairly settled.

men, Obadiah Albee, Richard and Benjamin Holbrook, were taken into custody by Samuel Harnden, upon a charge of murder

and being removed to Falmouth, were confined

Gowen

The whole

Wilson.

transaction

was a topic

;

house of

in the

every

in

one's mouth, though there was a strong current setting against

every thing Indian; and their escape. it

Some

would retake

notice of the

a

it,

effected

a riotous rescue, others imputed

offered a reward of

either of the fugitives,

The

abettor.

weeks the prisoners

a few it

and collusion of the keepers.

to the negligence

ant-Governor, hearing of

any

in

called

and

£25

General Court, when next

The Lieuten£50 to such as

for the detection in session, also

of

took

and ordered Jabez Fox, Esq. of Falmouth,

affair,

justice of the peace, to

examine

in

a legal form, into the con-

duct of Harnden and Wilson, and deal with them according to In the meantime the culprits, January

law and the testimony.

11, (1750) surrendered themselves in

;

and being removed

York, were indicted and arraigned for murder,

of the Superior Court, holden by resolve, the ruary.*

But there was no

when Albee was satisfied

two

tried

with the verdict

into the

trial

till

and acquitted. ;

all

Feb-

in

the regular term in June

;

quite dis-

and the Legislature ordered the other

county of Middlesex, to take their

of the others,

term

week

last

The Court were

Albee was then convicted of a felonious trials

to the gaol

at a special

trial

assault.;

August.

in

and

the relations of the deceased, the

at

the

wounded

Indians and the chiefs of the tribe, were invited to be present and witness the fairness of the proceedings.

proceeded as

far as

Lieutenant-Governor Phips, treatment, as well as *

The next

Accordingly,

1

3 of them

Boston, where they had an interview with

and

received the most courteous

some valuable presents:

year, the Riot acl

was revised

;

—and though

they

and the Superior Court au-

thorized to hold special sessions, in any county, on great emergencies,

wherein there was appointed by law only one t«rm

to

be boldon in a year.

Trial, acdi'Jilia;^^"'*

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

268 A. D. 1750.

found there could be no

of the offenders, at that time, they

trial

The

returned home, apparently satisfied.

quently remanded to Yorkshire, while the dians were assuming

it is,

that

even

in

prisoners were subse-

with the In-

difficulties

gloomy aspect

again a very

find, that either of the

II.

;

and

I

Holbrooks were ever convicted.

whenever a white person was

do not Certain

tried for killing an Indian,

times of profound peace, he was invariably acquitted

;

being impossible to impannel a jury, on which there were not

it

some, who had suffered by the Indians, either

in

persons,

their

families, or estates.

Rumor

Touched on

of

this occasion,

with natural or affected sympathy

and enkindled by French emissaries into a

brothers,

the ludiaiis

for their

Franroisio

flame of resentment towards the English, the Indians at St. Fran-

K^'chrnoHT cois

aggravate the above

men-

wrong, and magnify some supposed provocations,

into

and Becancourt,* took occasion

tioned

company of arrival,

Hence, a

causes for acts of retaliation and revenge.

sufficient

to visit

to

80, receiving supplies from Trois Revieres, proceeded

Norridgewock and Penobscot. it

was reported,

About the time of

their

northern fighters were to be

that these

joined by 150 Tarratines; that a French ship of 64 guns, three

20

or four brigs and ions and

towards

St.

an attack

48 hours.

in

were only 14;

George 4

;

and

of them being so

little

probably

illy

Saco

river

of troops, provistheir

course

and that the garrison

;

by an Indian

told

—Since

—they

might expect

the peace, the soldiers at that fort

Pemaquid 6;

at at

full

had been seen shaping

Georges or Sagadahock

Richmond had been

at

T'onThT'^

transports,

warlike stores,

at

8, including

George's 15;

St.

at

two or three armorers

fort ;

expected.

But though

these rumors,

so alarming to the

unfounded and incorrect;

eastern people,

gfrm'^n ^of

were

mond.

Indians from the north, associating with themselves probably

in part

young Canibas

fighters,f did, Sept. 11,

it is

fall

true, that

a

body of

some

with great fury upon

Richmond-fort, which, notwithstanding the timely notice given

by the Indian, might have been weakness, and *

About

this

made

easily taken,

the best use of their

had they known

advantage.

it

its

But they

time a ietter was received at Boston, from Asseramo, chief

Waweaocks, (spelt Worenock," in the record,) making- complaints, There were about luO in all.—JiS. Letter.

of the f

all

prepared to encounter, or withstand an assault

f

Chap,

;

of maine.

x.]

some

spent the day in spoiling

habitations in the vicinity,

domestic animals, probably for food

killing

and

A. D. i760.

nine great cattle

;

being butchered by them, and two others barely escaped slaughter

by running within the reach of the guns juncture as

ical

it

truly was, Capt.

the

at

In this crit-

fort.

Samuel Goodwin and a small

party of his men, had the good fortune under the covert of dark-

ness to reach the garrison

by a

When

in safety.

informed of

abandoned the place

prisoner, the assailants

themselves into parties, committed acts of mischief places, on both sides of the

A

who

small part of those

ment

dead, just as he was entering

the

Aroused by what had taken place, Davis,

another apartment of the same house, sprang up to

in

its

when

it

the Indian thrust in

Davis seized

shutting.

women

of some

and kept

fell

Dresden,

Mr.

him

close the door, to prevent

next day about sunrise, as a

returning from milking his cows, an Indian shot

door of his house. dwelt

about the

crossed the river lurked

The

of the inhabitants.

from an ambush, and he

who

different

in

river.

[now Dresden], watching every move-

plantation of Frankfort,

Pomeroy was

Kennebeck

this fact Other mis-

and forming

;

the

of his gun

barrel

and with the assistance

it,

room, wrested the gun from the savage,

in the

as a trophy of his success.

As

way of ad-

the only

equately avenging himself, the savage caught a young child of Davis', in the outer kitchen or near

McFarland, left

it,

and carried

Another Indian, concealing himself

tive.

as he

went

to

In the

men

;

and these they

same unanticipated

visit,

the place, they carried

away with them

perhaps

Swan

burning the people's houses and killing their cattle left

at

Before they

the same day, another party of them was ravaging

they

fired

field,

work, and wounded him.

the settlement, they seized two other

carried to Canada.*

away cap-

it

the

in

;

^,g^ ^p^^

Island, ^^j^"

and when

thirteen or four-

teen of the inhabitants prisoners.

But

the

main body proceeded down the

divided into scouts.

One

river,

and then

of them undertook the destruction of

Wiscasset and the settlements of Sheepscot, set several houses

on

fire,

boring

took two prisoners, and would have laid waste the neighcountry,

block-house.

had they met with success

Another scout proceeded

aiming their vengeance

MS.

at the garrison

Let. from Dresden.

in

against

surprizing

on Parker's Island, t

See

the

Georgetown in

the

vol. I, p. 50-1.

visit ''^'^

*

Par-

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

270

Having come

A. D. 1750. heart of the village. Sept. 25.

of the

call

to

a house, Sept. 25, within

they were probably discovered,

fort,

their depredations

by

assailing

II.

they began

for

with their hatchets while the

it

owner bravely fought them, without asking quarter, till they had He, then leapliterally cut their way into it through the doors. ing out of a back ly

window, sought safety by

was he pursued by two savages,

But

flight.

saw no

that he

so close-

possibility of

escape otherwise, than by betaking himself to the water,

swimming

to the

springing into a canoe

were able

him

gain upon

to

and

His pursuers as nimbly

Arrowsick.

Island

;

and when

almost within reach of their paddles, he suddenly turned upon

them, and with great presence of mind, overset their

and plunged them both level

—

into the water,

same element.

equals in the

life,

his

But though he

to the shore.

bark

lig^ht

three were on a

all

During the struggle of the

own

Indians for the preservation of their

umphantly

when

he escaped

lives,

tri-

providentially saved

his

house and barn with most of their contents were reduced

to ashes.*

Boldly resisted or

Carry

pSnerai

carrying

on

foiled in all their

their route,

man

one

[Windham] and one shewed themselves mischief

assaults,

away with them, between 20 and 30 at

Maquoit, one

Gorhamtown.

at

in the

they withdrew

prisoners, and taking

at

On

New-Marblehead, their return,

they

of Falmouth, and did some

outskirts

Particularly in passing through

in several other places.

New-Gloucester, they met Joseph Taylor and Mr. Farewell near

Seabody-pond

;

whom

they seized, and proceeded with them

through the woods, towards the sources of the Little Androscog-

^

gin, in

the northerly part of the present Paris.

Discovering a

^

ofSnowand

new

track, they pursued

found the camp of two hunters.

moment

height of land, where

to the

it

Snow and

Butterfield.

of discovery, the Indian file-leader, hooded with a large

hawk-skin, retaining

its

feathers,

and hanging down upon

shoulders, raised a hideous yell, and quickened his pace.

having been a captive

in a

former war, and conceiving

antipathy to the Indians and their

mined

to sacrifice his

When

he heard the shout, he was

the

flint

they

At the

manner of

rather than be

life,

in

living,

again

his

Snow, a great

had deter-

their

prisoner.

a sitting posture, pecking

of his gun, which was at the time loaded with only a • I

Minot,

p.

141.

;

Chap, x.]

of Maine. Deliberately

partridge-charge.

271 on

rising

good aim, he brought the foremost Indian few

He

feet distant.

was

Chief.

their

his

and taking

feet,

a..

D.

nsa

ground, only a

to the

This so infuriated

his

companions, that they instantly fired upon him a volley, which

To

pierced his body through with several bullets. rage, they then cut and

mangled

till

it

tired

;

ground, and forbidding Butterfield, and the other

bury or

The body

touch.it.

bog, where

Moose-pond empties

Little

into

above

it

prisoners,

Chief they carried

of their

their

satiate

leaving

to

into

Androscoggin

;

after

breaking the turf and forming an aperture, they crushed

deep

into the mire,

and departed

when

with another party of Indian plunderers,

them joined

in

fell

all

in

of

something like funeral solemnities, commemorative

of their Sagamore's death

;

—then

wiping the tearful eye, re-

hearsed to each other their adventures and

good cheer,

it

of inter-

At Umbagog Lake, they

mingled grief and respect.

company

;

uttering expressions

a

and

as

was with them

if

feats,

with the same

nothing melancholy had happened.

French and Indian languages, and was afterwards an of Indian youth

at

Taylor

became acquainted with both the

five [years,

instructer

Dartmouth College.*

This sudden and unexpected incursion of the Indians, again filled

the eastern country with fearful distress, and the government

For

with great anxiety.

peace could not be enjoyed when

if

there were subsistina; ° treaties between the

crowns,

—and between New-England

^

Endish and French °

colonists

and the natives

then surely no respite from perpetual warfare, could be expected.

As

the best

way

encounter such an emergency, the Lieutenant-

to

Governor ordered 150 men

to

be detached or drafted, from the

now commanded by

eastern Regiment,

Col. Charles Cushing

of Falmouth, and sent to scour the woods on the frontiers be-

tween Saco and

St.

Georges

;

—

also supplies of

ammunition were

put into the hands of Capt. Williamson of Wiscasset, and Capt.

Nichols of Sheepscot, for the fensive measures rest here

;

common good.f

for the

Nor

did the de-

General Court being specially

convened, Sept. 26, voted pay and supplies to the soldiers raised, until the 1st

*

H. t

of November,

the succeeding year,

—

MS.

unless sooner

Let. J. S. Holmes, Esq. 1721. Mr. Taylor lived in Claremont, N. His oldest daughter was the wife of Col. E. Rawson of Paris, Maine,

Jour. H. of Rep.

p. 66,

A. D. 1750.

^^1,^

eastern

a^a"J[^iie 14'.

—

'

;

—

of Fort Western. t

MS,

Lei.

from Dresden,

1821.

— One block-house was then standing.

302

Troops

[VoL.

THE HISTORY

A. D. 1754. whale-boats,

and videttes, for the communication of expresses,

and Falmouth,

^^^'^ Halifax dis-

charged,

except those retained

17

fore Oct. Monies vet^ies""*

II.

The

hours.

were

troops,

discharged, be-

all

Commander-in-Chief and the

receiving from the

;

24

in

in the garrisons,

Imme-

General Court, expressions of particular approbation.* diately the General

Court voted £600,

the campaign, and

£300

be

laid out in

the charges of

presents

which were

upon the Kennebeck and Penobscot

to be sent to the tribes

appropriated a

to

to defray

sum necessary

also

;

procure provisions, shoes or

to

moccasins, and other supplies, for the garrison at Fort Halifax,

and £470 in

falls

for building

the

a small

[Lebanon] Phillipstown,

second or ten-mile

repairing

for

Brunswick and the block-houses or woh,

at the

fort

Androscoggin, and

Fort George at at TowNumber 7,

fortified habitations

Saco, Narraganset

Gorhamtown, Sebago, New-Marblehead, Saccarappe, and Topsham. An

attack

uponlbe soidiery of

Qn

the 6th of

fax to the

Fort Hallfax.

...

November, an express

Govemor, informine him .

arrived from Fort Hali-

had

that the Indians

.

fallen

.

upon

.

a party of the garrison, while they were engaged in hauling logs for the use of the fort, killed

away

ried

and scalped one soldier and car-

This outrage, committed so

four others, prisoners.

soon after solemn confirmation of former

treaties,

was

universally

viewed, not only as a piece of base and cruel treachery, but a certain precursor of another Indian war.

It

entirely

changed

the aspect of our eastern affairs, throwing a dark cloud over the

whole.

About the same

time, an English captive,

who had

pur-

chased his freedom, brought news from Canada, that 500 French

and Indians were collecting

at

Quebec, and preparing

to

make

a furious assault upon Fort Halifax. Presents witbholden

from the Tribes.

Halifax re* enforced.

Hcnce, the Governor was induced presents designed for the tribes at

then on board ot the Province Sloop

a re-enforcement of tars

;

1

00 men, with

and issued orders

Maine, notice. state of

to

be

in

to the six

to

withhold the valuable

Kennebeck and Penobscot, ;

but sent to Fort Halifax

five additional

cohorn-mor-

companies of minute

men

in

constant readiness for marching, at the shortest

Halifax and the frontiers were put in the best possible

defence for the winter

vessels might be taken

;

and as there was

fear,

that our

by the French, who were supposed

13 Council Records, p. 297-8.

t 18

Couucil Records,

to

be

p. 329.

Chap,

xi.]

303

of Maine.

ranging the eastern coasts, an embargo of 26 days, was laid upon all

A. D. 1754.

such as had on board, either provisions or other supplies. An

Extremely anxious

still

Canada

in

a release and return of captives,

effect

to

/»

numbers of whom,

was represented by

it

•

rti

r

1

J

•

friends,

afiiicted

^" agency

were

Massachusetts and New-Hampshire sent Capt.

;

Phinehas Stevens thither on that errand

hoping, no doubt, to

;

was productive of more

nadians.

But

good

by paying or even offering extravagant ransom, we

for

;

mission

actually encouraged and tempted the Indians to the

Canada

the''

°

release

"P"^®'*

than

savage ex-

were redeemed, the price

If they

of taking captives.*

ploits

evil

to

Ca-

learn likewise, something of the measures or designs of the

the

embar-

paid gave the foe fresh strength and means to carry on this diabolical kidnapping

The

mode

of warfare.

indignation of the public

against the Indians of St.

was now more especially aroused

Francois

as

;

were the

principal instigators to a rupture.

time had

in fact arrived,

be

any one of

their scalps, ;

Many

none other, ought

that tribe, if

and directed

The whole

^'^jf^^"

to for Farther

In-

JJ^

jg"^*'^^^

agent in England to pur-

their

chase for the Province 250 stands of arms, and

powder.

fnj,^ns"?n-*

believed the

The General Court offered £100, and £10 more, for any one of their

utterly exterminated.

dians taken alive

when

was manifest, they

it

1

500

barrels of

winter was passed in restless anxiety

being fearfully apprehended, that none of

all

;

it

the eastern Indians,

except, possibly, the Tarratines, could be deterred from rushing

To

into hostilities.

ment made them

satisfy

friendship and kindness rest quietly

them and keep them

presents, gave ;

and

them the

finally

tranquil, govern-

strongest assurances of

promised them,

if

they would

under the verdant trees of peace, that a truck house

should be established upon the Penobscot, and be well supplied with

of

all

the articles they needed, at fair prices.

uncommon

interest

empty ; and " the were

and solicitude

distressing

;

It

was a period

the public treasury was

circumstances of the Province"

laid before his Majesty, with earnest solicitations for assist-

ance. *

Hence, " the

tender of them

savag-es

when

were more desirous of taking captives and more 2 Belk. J^. H. p. 222.

—

taken, than in former wars."

Public

[Vol.

THE HISTORY

304

CHAPTER

11.

XII.

—

—

The French war and 6th war with the Indians Fortifications Four expeditions against the French They are driven from Nova The French Neutrals removed Scotia hy Winslow and MonJcton

—

— — Depredations Indians — War declared against them Penobscot—Bounties — Defence of — frontiers PenobAffair of Cargill— War against —An earthquake—Four against French— Public embarrassments —A loan of