The Hip Joint [2 ed.] 9814877514, 9789814877510
The Hip Joint, written in 2016, provides a detailed account of the hip joint's anatomy and biomechanics and covers
331 142 21MB
English Pages 822 [821] Year 2021
![The Hip Joint [2 ed.]
9814877514, 9789814877510](https://dokumen.pub/img/200x200/the-hip-joint-2nbsped-9814877514-9789814877510.jpg)
Table of contents :
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1: Applied Anatomy of the Hip Joint
1.1: The Hip Joint
1.2: Ligaments of the Hip Joint
1.3: Movements of the Hip Joint
1.4: Bursae around the Hip Joint
1.4.1: Iliopsoas Bursa
1.4.2: Trochanteric Bursa
1.4.3: Ischiogluteal Bursa
1.5: Vascular Supply
1.6: Nerve Supply
1.7: Stability of the Hip Joint
1.8: X-Rays of the Pelvis
1.8.1: Hip X-Ray Anatomy
1.9: Hip Ultrasound
1.10: Commonly Seen Sports Injuries of the Hip Joint
1.10.1: Avulsion Injuries of the Hip
1.10.2: Snapping Hip Syndrome
1.10.3: Adductor Muscle Strain
1.10.4: Iliopsoas Strain
1.10.5: Trochanteric Bursitis
References
Chapter 2: Biomechanics of the Hip Joint
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Biomechanics of the Hip Joint
2.2.1: First-Order Lever
2.2.2: Joint Reaction Force
2.2.3: Forces Acting across the Hip Joint in a Two-Leg Stance
2.2.4: Use of Assistive Devices
2.2.4.1: Canes
2.2.4.2: Walkers
2.2.4.3: Crutches
2.3: Biomechanics of Trendelenberg’s Gait
2.4: Biomechanics of Neck Deformities
2.5: Biomechanics of Weight Gain
2.6: Biomechancis of Total Hip Replacement
References
Chapter 3: Septic Arthritis of the Hip in Children
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Epidemiology
3.3: Anatomical Considerations and Aetiopathology
3.4: Pathogens
3.5: Clinical Features
3.6: Diagnostic Evaluation
3.6.1: Laboratory Investigations
3.6.2: Imaging Studies
3.7: Diagnostic Aspiration
3.8: Differential Diagnosis
3.9: Management
3.9.1: Choice of Antibiotics
3.9.2: Predictors of Poor Prognosis
3.10: Sequelae of Septic Arthritis of the Hip in Children
3.10.1: Chondrolysis
3.10.2: Dislocation with the Capital Femoral Epiphysis Intact
3.10.3: Sequelae Related to AVN of the CFE and Growth Plate Damage
3.10.3.1: Treatment options for Hunka type I
3.10.3.2: Treatment options for Hunka type II
3.10.3.3: Treatment options for Hunka type III
3.10.3.4: Treatment options for Hunka types IV and V
3.10.3.5: Ilizarov’s reconstruction
3.10.4: Role of Arthroscopy
References
Chapter 4: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
4.1: Graf Classification of DDH Using Ultrasonography
4.1.1: Reliability
4.2: Radiographic Classification of DDH
4.2.1: Tönnis and IHDI Classifications
4.2.1.1: Tönnis classification of DDH
4.2.1.2: IHDI classification of DDH
4.2.2: Reliability
4.3: MRI Classification of DDH
4.3.1: Kashiwagi Classification for Prediction of Reduction
4.3.2: Clinical Application
References
Chapter 5: Bearing Materials in Total Joint Arthroplasty
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Tribology
5.2.1: Material Strength: Stress versus Strain Curve
5.3: Biomaterials
5.3.1: Polymers
5.3.1.1: Disadvantages of cross-linking
5.3.2: Metals
5.3.2.1: Strengthening mechanisms
5.3.2.2: Orthopaedic implant alloys
5.3.2.2.1: Methods of manufacture
5.3.2.2.2: Benefits and disadvantages of casting and forging
5.3.2.3: Postproduction strengthening mechanisms
5.3.3: Ceramics
5.3.3.1: Manufacture of ceramic biomaterials
5.4: Bearing Surface Couplings and Their Clinical Performance
5.4.1: Ceramic-on-Ceramic
5.4.1.1: Early setbacks and the current situation
5.4.1.2: Tribological characteristics and wear mechanisms
5.4.1.3: Stripe wear
5.4.1.4: Systemic effects of wear particles
5.4.1.5: Advantages
5.4.1.6: Disadvantages
5.5: Polyethylene Liners
5.5.1: Clinical Performance of Polyethylene Liners
5.5.2: Second-Generation HXLPE
5.5.3: Metal-on-Polyethylene
5.5.3.1: Advantages
5.5.3.2: Disadvantages
5.5.4: Ceramic-on-Polyethylene
5.5.4.1: Advantages
5.5.4.2: Disadvantages
5.5.5: Oxinium-on-Polyethylene
5.5.5.1: Advantages
5.5.5.2: Disadvantages
5.5.6: Metal-on-Metal
5.5.6.1: Tribological characteristics and wear mechanisms
5.5.6.2: Advantages
5.5.6.3: Disadvantages
5.6: Discussion
5.7: Summary
References
Chapter 6: 3D Printing: Clinical Applications in Orthopaedics and Traumatology
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Methods
6.3: Basic Technique of 3D Printing
6.4: Applications in Orthopaedic Traumatology: Examples from Management of Pelvi-Acetabular Trauma an
6.4.1: Acetabular Fractures
6.4.2: Hip Dislocation with Acetabular Fracture
6.4.3: Pelvic Trauma
6.4.4: Sacral Fractures
6.4.5: Proximal Femur
6.5: Recent Advances and Techniques on the Horizon in 3D Printing Applications in Hip Trauma
6.5.1: Atypical Femoral Fracture with Bowed Femur Appropriate Nail Decided Using 3D Printing
6.6: Applications in Hip Preservation Surgery and Arthroscopy
6.6.1: Periacetabular Osteotomies
6.6.2: Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
6.6.3: Femoro-Acetabular Impingement
6.6.4: Hip Arthroscopy, FAI and 3D Printing
6.7: Applications in Hip Arthroplasty
6.7.1: Revision Hip Arthroplasty
6.7.2: Custom Prosthesis
6.7.3: Patient-Specific Instrumentation
6.8: Applications in Orthopaedic Oncology
6.8.1: Tumour
6.8.2: Shepherd’s Crook Deformity
6.9: Applications in Paediatric Orthopaedics
6.9.1: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
6.9.2: Paediatric Hip Fractures
6.9.3: Development Dysplasia of the Hip
6.10: Applications in Plastic Surgery Related to Limbs
6.10.1: Illustrative Case
6.10.2: Evolving Areas in 3D Bioprinting
6.11: Applications in Rehabilitation: Patient-Specific Orthoses and Prostheses
6.12: Reliability of 3D-Printed Models
6.13: Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopaedics
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Limitations of Conventional Alignment Jigs
7.3: Types of Computer Navigation Systems
7.4: Computer Navigation in Total Hip Arthroplasty
7.5: Computer Navigation in Total Hip Resurfacing
7.6: Limitations of Computer Navigation Systems
7.7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Principles of Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Surgical Technique
8.2.1: Choice of Patients
8.2.2: Patient Positioning
8.2.3: Skin Incision
8.2.4: Superficial Dissection: The Intramuscular Approach
8.2.5: Deep Dissection: The Intramuscular Approach
8.2.6: Femoral Preparation: The Use of the Traction Table
8.2.7: Femoral Preparation: The Use of the Traditional Table
8.2.8: Dedicated Surgical Instruments
8.3: Intra-operative Digital Imaging
8.4: Advantages of Anterior Hip Replacement
8.5: Disadvantages of Anterior Hip Replacement
8.6: Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Periprosthetic Fractures of the Hip Joint
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Epidemiology
9.2.1: Risk factors
9.3: Classification of Periprosthetic Fractures
9.3.1: The Vancouver Classification System
9.3.2: The Unified Classification System
9.4: Clinical Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Fractures
9.4.1: Investigations
9.5: Treatment
9.5.1: Surgical Approach
9.5.1.1: Pre-operative workup and planning
9.5.2: Non-operative Treatment
9.6: Surgical Management of Periprosthetic Acetabular Fractures
9.6.1: Surgical Considerations in the Management of Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures
9.6.1.1: Treatment of intra-operative femur fractures
9.6.1.2: Treatment of post-operative femur fractures
9.6.2: Post-operative Management
9.6.3: Complications
9.6.4: Prevention
9.7: Current Controversies and Future Considerations
References
Chapter 10: Periprosthetic Osteolysis after Total Hip Replacement
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Periprosthetic Osteolysis: Current Concepts
10.2.1: Initiation of Osteolysis
10.2.2: Processes Involved in Osteolysis
10.2.3: Cell Types Involved
10.2.4: Alternate Pathways
10.3: Investigation and Monitoring
10.4: Nonsurgical Treatment of Periprosthetic Osteolysis
10.5: Surgical Treatment of Periprosthetic Osteolysis
References
Chapter 11: Surgical Approaches to the Hip Joint
11.1: Introduction
11.2: The Posterior Approach
11.3: The Direct Lateral Approach
11.4: The Direct Anterior Approach
11.5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Classifications Used in Total Hip Arthroplasty
12.1: Paprosky Classification of Acetabular Deficiencies for Revision Hip Arthroplasty
12.1.1: Introduction
12.1.2: Classification
12.1.3: Clinical Applications
12.1.4: Reliability
12.2: Saleh Classification of Acetabular Deficiencies for Revision Hip Arthroplasty
12.2.1: Introduction
12.2.2: Classification
12.2.3: Reliability
12.3: Hodgkinson Classification of Radiographic Demarcation of the Socket, Following Total Hip Arthro
12.3.1: Introduction
12.3.2: Classification
12.3.3: Clinical Significance
12.4: Paprosky Classification of Femoral Bone Deficiencies
12.4.1: Introduction
12.4.2: Classification
12.4.3: Clinical Applications
12.5: AAOS Classification of Femoral Bone Deficiencies for Revision Hip Arthroplasty
12.5.1: Introduction
12.5.2: Classification
12.5.3: Clinical Applications
12.5.4: Reliability
12.6: Saleh Classification of Femoral Bone Deficiencies
12.7: Dossick and Dorr Classification of Proximal Femoral Geometry
12.7.1: Introduction
12.7.2: Classification
12.7.3: Clinical Significance
12.8: Vancouver Classification of Intra-operative Periprosthetic Femur Fractures around Total Hip Art
12.8.1: Classification
12.8.2: Clinical Applications
12.9: Vancouver Classification of Post-operative Periprosthetic Femur Fractures around Total Hip Arth
12.9.1: Classification
12.9.2: Clinical Applications
12.9.3: Reliability
12.10: Tsukayama Classification of Infected Hip Joint Prostheses
12.10.1: Introduction
12.10.2: Classification
12.10.3: Clinical Applications
12.11: Brooker’s Classification of Heterotopic Ossification
12.11.1: Introduction
12.11.2: Classification
12.11.3: Clinical Applications
12.11.4: Reliability
12.12: Barrack Grading of Cementing
12.12.1: Introduction
12.12.2: Classification
12.12.3: Clinical Applications
12.13: Crowe Classification of Proximal Migration of the Femoral Head in DDH
12.13.1: Introduction
12.13.2: Classification
12.13.3: Clinical Applications
12.13.4: Reliability
12.14: Hartofilakidis Classification of Hip Dysplasia
12.14.1: Introduction
12.14.2: Classification
12.14.3: Clinical Applications
12.14.4: Reliability
References
Chapter 13: Total Hip Arhroplasty
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
13.2.1: History
13.2.1.1: Chronology
13.2.2: Indications
13.2.3: Symptoms of Hip Pathology
13.2.4: Signs of Hip Pathology
13.2.5: Radiographic Features of Degenerative Hip Joint Disease
13.2.6: Investigations
13.2.7: Treatment
13.2.7.1: Initial management
13.2.7.2: Medical management
13.2.7.3: Surgical management
13.2.8: Components of Hip Replacement
13.2.9: Types of Hip Replacements
13.2.9.1: Cemented joint replacement
13.2.9.2: Uncemented joint replacement
13.2.9.3: Hybrid replacement
13.2.10: Types of Materials Used in Joint Replacement Surgery
13.2.11: Surgical Approaches
13.2.11.1: Direct lateral transgluteal (Hardinge) approach
13.2.11.2: Posterior approach
13.2.11.3: The Charnley approach
13.2.11.4: Minimally invasive surgery
13.2.11.5: Direct anterior approach
13.2.12: Complications
References
Chapter 14: Hip Resurfacing
14.1: Introduction
14.2: Rationale
14.3: Patient Selection
14.4: Complications
14.5: Long-Term Prognosis
14.6: Future Developments
References
Chapter 15: Proximal Femoral Replacement
15.1: Introduction
15.2: History of Proximal Femur Replacements
15.3: Indications
15.4: Contraindications
15.5: Pre-operative Planning
15.5.1: Primary Bone Tumours
15.5.2: Metastatic Bone Tumours
15.5.3: Miscellaneous Conditions
15.6: Surgical Approach
15.6.1: Position
15.6.2: Landmarks and Incision
15.6.2.1: Superficial dissection
15.6.2.2: Deep surgical dissection
15.7: Post-operative Rehabilitation
15.8: Advantages and Disadvantages
15.9: Current Evidence on Proximal Femur Replacements
15.10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Pelvic and Acetabular Reconstruction Following Oncological Resection
16.1: Introduction
16.2: Allografts and APC
16.3: Autografts
16.4: The Harrington Procedure
16.5: Pedestal Cups
16.6: Saddle Prosthesis
16.7: Salvage
16.8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Complications of Hip Arthroscopy
17.1: Introduction
17.2: Traction and Perineal Post-Related Complications
17.3: Portal-Related Neurovascular Complications
17.4: Iatrogenic Labral and Chondral Injury
17.5: Fluid Extravasation
17.6: Iatrogenic Hip Instability
17.7: Complications of the Femoral Head and Neck: Osteonecrosis, Chondrolysis and Fracture
17.8: Deep Venous Thrombosis
17.9: Infection
17.10: Heterotopic Ossification
17.11: Re-admission
17.12: Other Complications
17.13: Closing Remarks and Future Directions
References
Chapter 18: Femoral Neck-Lengthening Osteotomies around the Hip Joint
18.1: Introduction
18.2: Evaluation of Femoral Deformities
18.3: Indication for Surgery
18.4: Mechanical Effects of Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
18.5: Types of Proximal Femoral Deformities
18.6: Classification of Proximal Femoral Osteotomies
18.7: Relative Femoral Neck-Lengthening and Greater Trochanter Distalisation Osteotomies
18.7.1: Wagner Osteotomy
18.7.2: Morscher Osteotomy
18.7.3: Ganz Relative Neck-Lengthening Osteotomy
18.8: Contractures around the Hip
18.9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Hip-Preserving Surgery
19.1: Introduction
19.2: Anatomical Considerations and Surgical Approaches in Hip Preservation Surgery
19.3: The Scope of Hip Preservation Surgery
19.3.1: Hip Arthroscopy and Arthroscopic Procedures
19.3.1.1: Arthroscopic FAI management and arthroscopic osteochondroplasty
19.3.1.2: Arthroscopic cartilage implantation and microfracture for cartilage growth stimulation
19.4: Open Hip Preservation Procedures
19.4.1: Osteotomies to Manage Hip Acetabular Alignment and Cup Head Inclinations
19.4.1.1: Femoral osteotomies
19.4.1.2: Peri-acetabular osteotomies and DDH management
19.4.2: Preservation Surgery to Manage and Prevent Osteoarthritis
19.5: Rehabilitation Following Hip Preservation Surgery
19.6: Complications and Managing Complications of Hip Preservation Surgery
19.7: Concluding Notes
References
Chapter 20: Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment of the Hip
20.1: History
20.2: Physics of Shockwaves
20.3: Mechanism of Action
20.3.1: Shockwave Treatment for Tendinopathy
20.3.2: Shockwave Treatment for Bone Healing
20.4: Clinical Indications
20.5: Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
20.5.1: Introduction
20.5.2: Aetiology
20.5.3: Differential Diagnosis
20.5.4: Investigation
20.5.5: Treatment
20.5.6: Technique
20.5.7: Results
20.5.8: Conclusion
20.6: Avascular Bone Necrosis
20.6.1: Introduction
20.6.2: Aetiology
20.6.3: Classification
20.6.4: Differential Diagnosis
20.6.5: Investigations
20.6.6: Treatment
20.6.6.1: Conservative treatment
20.6.6.2: ESWT
20.6.6.3: Surgery
20.6.7: Technique
20.6.8: Results
20.6.9: Conclusion
20.7: Common Empirically Tested Clinical Uses
20.7.1: Tendon Pathologies
20.7.1.1: Adductor insertional tendinopathy syndrome
20.7.1.2: Hamstring tendinopathy
20.7.2: Bone Pathologies
20.7.2.1: Bone marrow oedema syndrome
20.8: Complications
20.9: Conclusions
References
Chapter 21: Sports Medicine of the Hip Joint
21.1: Introduction
21.2: Epidemiology
21.3: Functional Anatomy
21.3.1: Morphology
21.3.2: Acetabular Labrum
21.3.3: Ligaments of the Hip
21.3.4: Chondral Surface
21.3.5: Muscle Function
21.3.6: Short Hip-Stabilising Muscles
21.3.7: Clinical Biomechanics
21.4: Clinical Approach
21.4.1: History
21.4.2: Physical Examination
21.4.3: Key Outcome Measures
21.4.4: Investigations
21.5: Predisposing Factors for Hip Pain
21.5.1: Local Factors
21.5.2: Remote Factors
21.5.3: Proximal Factors
21.5.4: Distal Factors
21.5.5: Systemic Factors
21.6: Hip Pathologies
21.6.1: Femoro-Acetabular Impingement
21.6.1.1: Types of FAI-cam and pincer impingement
21.6.1.2: Prevalence of FAI
21.6.1.3: Aetiology
21.6.1.4: Association with pain and pathology
21.6.2: Osteoarthritis
21.6.3: Acetabular Labral Tears
21.6.3.1: Pathology
21.6.4: Ligamentum Teres Tears
21.6.5: Synovitis
21.6.6: Chondropathy
21.6.7: Hip Instability
21.7: Treatment
21.7.1: Principles of Rehabilitation of the Injured Hip
21.7.2: Nine Principles of Rehabilitation for Hip Pain Patients
21.7.2.1: Restore the hip range of motion
21.7.2.2: Restore hip muscle strength
21.7.3: Improve Balance and Proprioception
21.7.4: Improve Hip Control in Functional Task Performance
21.7.5: Improve Trunk Muscle Strength
21.7.6: Optimise Gait Biomechanics
21.7.7: Optimise Functional Task Performance
21.7.8: Address Adverse Loading
21.7.9: Address Other Remote Factors That May Be Altering the Function of the Kinetic Chain
21.7.10: Criteria for Returning to Sport as the Final Stage of Hip Rehabilitation
21.7.11: Surgical Management of the Injured Hip
21.7.11.1: Rehabilitation following hip arthroscopy
21.8: Some Other Major Pathologies
21.8.1: Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy
21.8.1.1: Examination
21.8.1.2: Treatment
21.8.2: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
21.8.2.1: Functional anatomy
21.8.2.2: Clinical features
21.8.2.3: Treatment
21.8.3: Myofascial Pain
21.8.3.1: Examination
21.8.3.2: Treatment of myofascial buttock pain
21.8.4: Lateral Hip Pain
21.8.4.1: Greater trochanteric pain
21.8.4.2: Iliac crest pain
21.8.4.3: Examination of the patient with lateral hip pain
21.8.4.4: Treatment of the patient with lateral hip pain
21.8.4.5: Managing pain
21.8.4.6: Managing load: First-line treatment
21.9: Less Common Causes of Hip Region Pain
21.9.1: Piriformis Syndrome
21.9.2: Ischiofemoral Impingment
21.9.2.1: Treatment
21.9.3: Proximal Hamstring Tendon Rupture
21.9.3.1: Treatment
21.9.4: Avulsion Fracture of the Ischial Tuberosity
21.9.5: Stress Fracture of the Sacrum
21.9.5.1: Diagnosis confirmed by MRI and CT scans
21.10: Groin Pain in Athletes
21.10.1: Terminology
21.10.2: Classification
21.10.3: Clinical Overview
21.10.3.1: Pain pattern
21.10.3.2: Where is the pain located?
21.10.3.3: Assessment of severity
21.10.3.4: Strength
21.10.3.5: Range of motion
21.10.3.6: Patient-reported outcome measures
21.10.3.7: Imaging
21.10.3.8: Radiography
21.10.3.9: Magnetic resonance imaging
21.10.3.10: Ultrasonography
21.10.3.11: Computed tomography scan
21.10.4: Acute Groin Injuries
21.10.4.1: Diagnosis
21.10.5: Long-Standing Groin Pain
21.10.5.1: Adductor-related groin pain
21.10.5.2: lliopsoas-related groin pain
21.10.5.3: Inguinal-related groin pain
21.10.5.4: Pubic-related groin pain
21.11: Less Common Injuries
21.11.1: Complete Adductor Avulsion
21.11.2: Obturator Neuropathy
21.11.3: Other Nerve Entrapments
21.11.4: Stress Fracture of the Neck of the Femur
21.11.5: Stress Fracture of the Inferior Pubic Ramus
21.11.6: Referred Pain to the Groin
21.12: Prevention of Groin Injuries
21.12.1: Possible Prevention Strategies
References
Chapter 22: Evaluation of a Painful Total Hip Replacement
22.1: Introduction
22.2: Differential Diagnosis
22.3: Intrinsic Causes
22.3.1: Aseptic Loosening
22.3.2: Infection
22.3.3: Instability
22.3.4: Peri-prosthetic Fractures
22.3.5: Inflammatory Conditions
22.3.6: Stem Tip Pain: Thigh Pain
22.3.7: Metal-on-Metal
22.4: Extrinsic Causes
22.5: Initial Assessment
22.5.1: History
22.5.2: Examination
22.6: Investigations
22.6.1: Blood Tests
22.6.2: Plain Radiography
22.6.3: Nuclear Medicine
22.6.4: Hip Aspiration/Anaesthetic Injection
22.6.5: Computed Tomography
22.6.6: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
22.7: Summary
References
Chapter 23: Robotic-Assisted Surgery in Orthopaedics
23.1: Introduction
23.2: Total Hip Arthroplasty
23.2.1: Types of Robotic Systems
23.2.2: Conventional THA vs. Robotic THA
23.2.3: Surgical Technique: MAKO THR
23.2.3.1: Pre-operative requirements
23.2.3.2: Acetabular planning
23.2.3.3: Femoral planning
23.2.3.4: Surgical approach
23.2.3.5: Femoral workflow
23.2.3.6: Operating room layout
23.2.3.7: Acetabular reaming
23.2.3.8: Femoral preparation
23.2.4: Implant Positioning and Hip Biomechanics
23.2.5: Functional and Radiological Outcomes
23.2.5.1: Earlier studies
23.2.5.2: Recent studies
23.3: Limitations
23.4: Hip Arthroscopy
23.5: Summary
References
Chapter 24: Computer Navigation in Hip Arthroplasty
24.1: Introduction
24.2: Limitations of Conventional Alignment Jigs
24.3: Types of Computer Navigation Systems
24.3.1: Computer Navigation in Total Hip Arthroplasty
24.3.2: Computer Navigation in Total Hip Resurfacing
24.3.3: Limitations of Computer Navigation Systems
24.4: Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Surgical Advancements in Hip Arthroscopy and FAI Syndrome: Indications and Technique for Labral Rec
25.1: Introduction
25.2: Anatomical Overview of the Labrum
25.3: Biomechanical Evidence and Rationale for Labral Reconstruction
25.4: Indications
25.5: Surgical Technique
25.5.1: Patient Positioning and Anaesthesia
25.5.2: Diagnostic Arthroscopy
25.5.3: Acetabuloplasty
25.5.4: Femoroplasty
25.5.5: Labral Reconstruction
25.5.6: Suture Management
25.5.7: Measurement Technique
25.5.8: Graft Preparation
25.5.9: Graft Insertion
25.6: Outcomes
25.7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Fracture Neck of the Femur
26.1: Introduction
26.2: Epidemiology
26.3: Risk Factors for Fragility Fractured Neck of the Femur
26.3.1: Osteoporosis as a Risk Factor for Fracture Neck of the Femur
26.3.1.1: Bony trabeculae of the proximal femur: The Singh index
26.3.1.2: DEXA scan in diagnosing osteoporosis
26.4: Mechanism of Injury
26.4.1: Associated Injuries
26.5: Fracture Classification
26.5.1: Intracapsular Fracture Classification
26.5.1.1: Garden’s classification
26.5.1.2: Pauwel’s classification
26.5.2: Extracapsular Fracture Classification
26.5.2.1: Intertrochanteric fractures
26.5.2.2: Evan’s classification
26.5.2.3: Subtrochanteric fractures
26.5.2.4: All-encompassing classification: AO classification
26.6: Clinical Presentation
26.7: Diagnosis
26.8: Management of Fracture Neck of Femur
26.8.1: Assessment and Management in the Emergency Department and the Orthopaedic Ward
26.8.2: Timing of Surgery
26.8.3: Definitive Management of Intracapsular NOF in the Elderly
26.8.3.1: Nondisplaced intracapsular fracture NOF
26.8.4: Definitive Management of Displaced Intracapsular NOF in the Elderly
26.8.5: Surgical Approaches for NOF Arthroplasty
26.8.6: Definitive Management of Intertrochanteric Fracture NOF
26.8.6.1: Extramedullary devices
26.8.6.2: Intramedullary devices
26.8.6.3: Arthroplasty
26.8.6.4: Reverse oblique type of trochanteric fracture
26.8.7: Definitive Management of Subtrochanteric Fracture NOF
26.9: Complications of Femoral Neck Fractures and Treatment
26.10: Intracapsular Fractures in Young Adults
26.10.1: Who Are Young Patients?
26.10.2: Timing of Surgery
26.10.3: Role of Capsulotomy
26.10.4: Implant Choice
26.11: Stress Fractures of the Femoral Neck
26.11.1: Definition, Presentation and Risk Factors
26.11.2: Diagnosis
26.11.3: Treatment and Prognosis
26.12: Pathological Fracture NOF
26.12.1: Neoplastic Fracture
26.12.2: Atypical Femoral Fracture
26.13: Ipsilateral Fracture of the Femoral Shaft and Neck
26.13.1: Diagnosis
26.13.2: Complications
26.13.3: Management
References
Chapter 27: Conversion of Hip Arthrodesis to Total Hip Arthroplasty
27.1: Introduction
27.2: Indications and Contra-indications
27.3: Pre-operative Assessments and Planning
27.3.1: Physical Examination
27.3.2: Imaging
27.4: Surgical Technique
27.4.1: Surgical Exposure
27.4.2: Acetabular and Femoral Preparation and Implantation
27.5: Clinical Results
27.5.1: Pain Relief in Adjacent Joints
27.5.2: Functional Recovery and Patient Satisfaction
27.5.3: Prognosis and Survival of the Converted Hip
27.6: Complications
27.7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 28: The Direct Anterior Approach to the Hip
28.1: Introduction
28.1.1: Background
28.1.2: History
28.1.3: Resurgence of the Approach
28.1.4: Key Advantages and Disadvantages
28.2: The Approach
28.2.1: Indications and Contraindications
28.2.2: Anatomy
28.2.3: The Traditional Approach
28.2.3.1: Position
28.2.3.2: Incision
28.2.3.3: Approach
28.2.3.4: The internervous plane
28.2.3.5: Capsule arthrotomy
28.2.3.6: Dislocation
28.2.3.7: Surgical procedures
28.2.3.8: Closure
28.2.4: Modifications, New Instrumentation and Minimally Access Approach [17]
28.2.4.1: Incision
28.2.4.2: Approach
28.2.4.3: The internervous plane
28.2.4.4: Capsule arthrotomy
28.2.4.5: Closure
28.2.4.6: Rehabilitation protocol
28.3: Complications
28.4: Pearls and Pitfalls
28.5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 29: Modified PLOP Osteotomy Approach to the Hip
29.1: Introduction
29.2: The Posterior Hip Anatomy
29.3: Proximal Femur Anatomy
29.4: Development of the Osteotomy of the Posterolateral Overhanging Part of Greater Trochanter
29.5: Modified PLOP Osteotomy Approach Procedures
29.6: Indications for the Modified PLOP Osteotomy Approach
References
Chapter 30: Single-Incision Piriformis-Sparing Posterior THA
30.1: Introduction
30.2: Surgical Technique
30.3: Supporting Evidence
30.3.1: Efficacy of the Piriformis-Sparing Surgical Approach
30.3.2: Integrity of SER Repair
30.3.3: The Impact of Preserving the Piriformis
30.3.4: Relative Benefit Compared to the Standard Posterior Approach
30.3.5: Long-Term Results
30.4: Discussion
30.5: Summary
References
Chapter 31: Imaging of the Hip Joint
31.1: Introduction
31.2: Anatomy of the Pelvis
31.3: MRI Anatomy of the Hip
31.3.1: Muscles and Tendons
31.3.2: The Labrum
References
Chapter 32: Neoplastic Conditions around the Hip
32.1: Introduction
32.2: Osteogenic Tumours
32.2.1: Bone Islands
32.2.2: Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
32.2.3: Conventional Osteosarcoma
32.2.4: Surface Osteosarcoma
32.2.5: Periosteal Osteosarcoma
32.2.6: Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
32.2.7: Low-Grade Osteosarcoma
32.2.8: Secondary Osteosarcoma
32.2.9: Small-Cell Osteosarcoma
32.3: Ewing’s Sarcoma
32.4: Cartilage Tumours
32.4.1: Osteochondroma
32.4.2: Enchondroma
32.4.3: Chondroblastoma
32.4.4: Chondrosarcoma
32.5: Giant-Cell Tumour
32.6: Fibrogenic and Fibrocystic Tumours
32.6.1: Fibrous Cortical Defect
32.6.2: Desmoblastic Fibroma/Benign Fibrohistiocytoma
32.6.3: Malignant Fibrohistiocytoma
32.6.4: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
32.6.5: Unicameral Bone Cyst
32.6.6: Fibrous Dysplasia
32.6.7: Angiosarcoma
32.6.8: Haemangioma
32.7: Myeloma
32.8: Lymphoma
32.9: Metastasis
32.10: Brown Tumour
32.11: Osteomyelitis
32.12: Fractures
32.13: Stress Fractures
32.14: Myositis Ossificans
32.15: ALVAL
32.16: Paget’s Disease
32.17: Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
32.18: Synovial Chondromatosis
References
Index
![Personalized Hip and Knee Joint Replacement [1st ed.]
9783030242428, 9783030242435](https://dokumen.pub/img/200x200/personalized-hip-and-knee-joint-replacement-1st-ed-9783030242428-9783030242435.jpg)
