The Chinese Short Story: Studies in Dating, Authorship, and Composition 0674332245, 9780674332249

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The Chinese Short Story H arvard-Yenching Institute M onograph Series Volume 21

Patrick Hanan

The Chinese Short Story Studies in Dating, Authorship, and Composition

Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts 1973

© C opyright 1973 by the Harvard-Ycnching Institute All rights reserved Library o f Congress Catalog Card Number 72-87776 S B N 674-12525-8 Printed in the United States o f America

Any work which claims to be authentic must have had witnesses, and competent witnesses; this is external evidence. Or it may be its own competent witness; this is called internal evidence. —Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “ Intercepted Correspondence,” Morning Post (London), February 3, 1800

Preface

A disclaimer must be entered about the purpose o f this book, in case the reader opens it seeking to sharpen his taste for Chinese fiction. It is not a critical study _ in any sense o f that phrase. It is a sustained attempt to break through an impasse in literary scholarship, an impasse which has long barred the w ay to most varieties o f critical approach. I began the study with the critic’s interests in mind, feeling that if only the impasse could be breached, even slightly breached, a new criticism might well result. But the study itself merely clears the w ay for that criticism. The same purpose governs the book’s arrangement, which is an^'chronological, moving backwards in time from what is know n—editions and catalogues—to what can only be conjectured. Thus Chapter III divides the surviving stories on either side o f an imaginary line drawn in the sixteenth century; Chapter V proceeds to divide the earlier stories about an imaginary line in the fifteenth century; and Chapter VII, very tentatively, subdivides the earlier group o f those stories. The accompanying analysis, mostly in terms o f authorship, composition, and theme, concerns the stories left be­ hind at each stage o f our progress into the past; the “ late” story is analyzed in Chapter IV, the “ middle” story in Chapter VI, and the various categories o f “ early” story in Chapter VIII. T o compensate for this arrangement, the last chapter, IX , offers a summary o f general conclusions in their chrono­ logical order. There is also an index to the results obtained for each story. Several points need to be made about the book’s main method—the use o f stylistic criteria for dating. First, to choose criteria arbitrarily was out o f the question; the danger o f unconsciously gerrymandering the evidence is simply too great. At the outset o f each major division, therefore, I have tried to examine the whole o f some definable category, in order to see

VIII

PREFACE

whether the groups under discussion are distinguishable in principle by stylistic means. When they prove to be distinguishable, I have then chosen additional criteria which set o ff the distinction as starkly as possible. This is not an ideal method—all criteria should result from the examination o f whole categories—but it will serve, particularly if the additional criteria are checked with the original. Secondly, the method is exploratory. One can observe the stylistic differences between texts in the same genre without knowing what the causes are: personal styles, or the styles characteristic o f some coterie or class or region or period. It requires a further step to find the meaning o f one’s results. Thirdly, in an age o f computer analysis, this must be considered a do-it-yourself or “ backyard” method; the numbers are small, hardly susceptible to statistical handling, and the features counted are simple and easily recognizable. The method reflects the way in which the study developed; it began with the realization that a number o f obvious, quantifiable features distinguished the short story in one period from the short story in another. Finally, this is a pragmatic study, which seeks to get results for the short story only, and in a particular age. It is not primarily methodological, and its methods are certainly not designed for export. Like all stylistic studies, however, it is more than a little fallible. If Frederick Mosteller and David L. Wallace, assessing their statistical analysis o f The Federalist Papers, feel compelled to describe their method as ^sub­ jectivity tempered with empiricism，’’★ what claim can this study make? Furthermore, the interpretation o f stylistic analysis is even more hazardous than the analysis itself. I have had to resort frequently to speculation, par­ ticularly in Chapter V II， although I have tried always to label it as such. I hope the qualifications will be taken at their face value, not discounted as mere scholarly defensiveness. A ny piece o f textual scholarship has to set its own degree o f fineness or delicacy. Given the scope o f this study, the degree was bound to be fairly crude. For example, it can be demonstrated that Hsing-shih heng-yen 31 is an early story o f which the last three or four pages have been written or rewritten by a late editor. It would have taken a much more elaborate study than this to fmd out whether, and to what extent, this editor touched up the rest o f the story. All translations unless otherwise noted are m y own. * Inference and Disputed Authorship: The Federalist (R e a d in g , M a ss.: A ddiso n-W esley Publishing C o ., 19 6 4), p. 2 2 6 . T h e C o le rid g e quotation on m y title page com es fro m D a v id V . E rd m a n ’s essay “ T h e Sign atu re o f S ty le ” in E rd m an and E . G . Fo g el, Evidence fo r Authorship (Ithaca, N . Y . : C o rn e ll U n iv e rsity Press, 19 6 6).

PREFACE

The debts incurred in the course o f writing this book are far too many for me to list—to teachers, colleagues, students, and libraries. However, I can­ not fail to mention two o f m y colleagues at Harvard University, James R . Hightower and John L. Bishop, who kindly read and commented upon the manuscript. I am also grateful to Harvard's East Asian Research Center for summer research grants in 1968 and 1969. Cambridge, Massachusetts August 30, 1971

P.D.H.

Contents

I Introduction

i

A List o f Extant Short Stories

II

7

Style as a Criterion o f Date The Trial Groups and Their Stylistic Differences Testing the Criteria 28

III

18 23

Identifying the N e w er Stories The Criteria 35 Application o f the Criteria Reassessment o f the Criteria

33

42 46

The Prologues 49 Stories Referred to in the Pao-wen-t’ang Catalogue A Note on the Priority o f Texts 54

50

Mismatched and Adapted Stories 58 Classifying the Remainder o f the Stories 62 The Pai-chia kung-an Stories 63 The terms “ Older,” “ N ew er,” and “ Late” 65

IV

The Late Stories: Individual Style and Authorship, Origins, and Composition

66

The X Stories 66 The X Author, the Question o f His Identity, and the Shih tien t'ou Stories Nine Stories by Various Authors, Known and Unknown 74 Stories Attributable to Feng Meng-lung 76 The San yen and Feng’s Collections o f Classical Tales The Late Stories and Their Composition 92

86

7〇

xii

V

CONTENTS

Identifying the Stories o f the M iddle Period The Pilot Group o f Middle Stories The Pilot Group o f Early Stories The Criteria

103 107

no

Application o f the Criteria Reassessment o f the Criteria The Prologues

102

116 118

120

The Historical Stories in Classical Chinese A Textual Note on Hung 21 and 22 The Adapted Stories

121

124

124

The Virtuoso Stories 126 The Remaining Stories 128 The Relationship between the Hung and Hsiung Stories The Meaning o f “ Middle” and “ Early”

VI

129

131

T h e M iddle-Period Stories: Their Authorship, O rigins, and Types

133

The Common Authorship o f K C 26, K C 38, and Perhaps K C 3 Other Authors

1 34

Stories Adapted from the Drama

135

Stories Adapted from Oral Fiction

139

K C 29, a Paradigm o f Oral Development Written Stories ab Initio

142

147

The Hangchow Origin o f the Middle Stories

148

T w o Distinctive Story-Types Produced in Hangchow

V II

150

1 52

A n Attem pt to Distinguish the Earliest Stories An Experimental Grouping Based on “ Historical” Criteria Some Linguistic and Stylistic Features o f the Trial Group Fitting the Earliest Stories to a Tim e Scale The Prologues o f the Earliest Stories

153 i$6

161

164

Attempting to Date the Rest o f the Stories

165

The Hua-ts'ao ts’ui-piert’s Versions o f Early Stories

166

Lost Stories Described by C h ’ien Hsi-yen and Ch*ien Tseng

VIII

133

168

The Early Stories: Their N ature and Com position The Early Stories and the Traditional T ypology o f Oral Fiction Composition Based on Classical Chinese Narrative

174

The Short Story’s Relationship to the Folktale 186 The Common Storehouse o f Fictional Ideas and Conventions Some Characteristics o f the Early Short Story

199

A Note on the Authorship o f the Early Short Stories

170

170

206

197

CO N TE N T S

IX

A Summary o f Conclusions

XU1

2 12

Works Cited P rim ary W o r k s Seco n d a ry W o r k s

217 223

Reference List o f Selected English Translations

226

Note on the San yen Texts

228

Index o f Stylistic Features

231

Index to the Extant Stories, with Notes on Their Dates o f Composition, Texts, and Sources

233

•

Tables

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 o I 2 3 4 5

69

7 2

6

8 2

7

6 4

8

Incidence o f Separate Criteria in the Pilot Group o f Older Stories Incidence o f Separate Criteria in the Pilot Group o f N ewer Stories Stories Classified as Older Stories Classified as N ewer Comparative Effectiveness o f the Older Criteria Comparative Effectiveness o f the N ew er Criteria Incidence o f Five Restrictive Criteria in H Y Incidence o f the Five Restrictive Criteria in the X Stories and the Shih tien tfou Incidence o f Separate Criteria in the Pilot Group o f Middle Stories Incidence o f Separate Criteria in the Pilot Group o f Early Stories Stories Classified as Middle Stories Classified as Early by the Regular Standard Stories Classified as Early by the M ore Stringent Standard Comparative Effectiveness o f the Middle Criteria Comparative Effectiveness o f the Early Criteria Incidence o f Criteria among Virtuoso Stories Incidence o f Criteria in the Unclassified Stories Common Elements in K C 29 and Related Stories

T h e Chinese Short Sto ry

I Introduction

Chinese vernacular fiction is a half-buried literature, like the literature o f Anglo-Saxon England. Popular in its time and lightly regarded by the very nature o f that popularity, it was never adequately preserved or even docu­ mented. Until the second decade o f this century its merits were recognized by only a small number o f critics. Then a flood o f interest arose, some o f it with extraliterary motives. But it was already far too late. Many o f the essential facts about the early literature had been lost. Had it not been for the enduring appeal o f the early vernacular fiction, it would probably have been lost too, along with the facts surrounding its history. The sixteenth and seventeenth century collections, on which its survival depended, were frankly commercial ventures, intended to sell rather than to preserve. The problem o fh ow to date this mass ofliterature has been wrestled with by more than one generation o f scholars. It is not just an intellectual puzzle. Some o f the works seem to belong to the Sung dynasty, say the thirteenth century, although the earliest records o f them date from some four hundred years later. The gap in time during which they may have been written is too large for any scholar’s peace o f mind. Without a solution to the problem o f dating, he cannot see the genre historically, nor deduce the lines o f its development, and he finds it harder to see with what social strata it is con­ nected, or with what patterns o f idea and belief. Further, the vernacular story’s relationships to the oral story on the one hand, and to the Classical tale on the other, the poles between which it moves, are virtually impossible to determine. These matters are important to the critic as well, and, until they are settled, no satisfactory critical account, let alone literary history, can be written.

TH E CHI NES E SH ORT STORY

This study is a first attempt to disinter the history o f the early vernacular fiction, particularly the history o f the short story.1 Chiefly, this means working out a reliable system o f dating, but it also means trying to find out where in China the stories were written, who wrote them, and how they were written. Some o f the questions cannot be answered, some can be answered only vaguely or tentatively, but a surprising number can be set­ tled, enough anyway to give a general idea o f the short story’s history. N o doubt the use o f other methods, or a more refined use o f these methods, will improve upon these results in the future. Meanwhile, this study is intended as a first set o f rough answers. I mentioned that the dating problem, to say nothing o f the others, had been wrestled with by generations o f scholars. Their labors have not given us satisfactory answers. The problems are obdurate, and the means used to solve them have been simplistic; one can hardly be surprised at the jum ble o f often inconsistent results. I have offered a general critique o f this scholar­ ship elsewhere, and will not repeat the arguments here. The conclusion o f that critique was that “ the claims o f scholarship to have provided a firm later limit [that is, for the dating o f Sung and Yiian vernacular fiction] are thus invalid except in the case o f a handful o f works. [None o f these are short stories.] For the rest, the later limit for the time being will have to be the editions and bibliographical references o f the sixteenth century, chiefly the editions o f Hung P ’ien 洪権 ， the Pao-wen-t’ang 賓文堂 catalogue， and the Hua-ts'ao ts’ui-pien 花草粹編 . This is not a satisfactory conclusion. A gap o f several hundred years between the earlier and later limits o f a work is in itself intolerable. What is more, it conflicts with one’s strong subjective impression, based no doubt on a host o f minute particulars, that a good number o f other works antedate the M ing dynasty.’’2 These editions and bibliographical references, and others like them, are the only reliable evi­ dence we possess. They are described briefly below.

1 “ Sh o rt sto ry” m eans the vernacu lar short story, a genre w h ich flourished until about the end o f the seventeenth cen tu ry. T h e re are v e r y fe w significant collections after that date. It has been traditional to date the com position o f som e extant stories as early as the S u n g dyn asty, although the gro un ds fo r such a dating are negligib le. See Patrick H anan, “ S u n g and Y iia n V ern acu lar F ic tio n : A C ritiq u e o f M o d e m M eth o d s o f D a t in g ," Harvard Journal o f Asiatic Studies 30 (19 7 0 ), 1 5 9 - 1 8 4 . T h e definition o f short sto ry is here the usual one, not the restrictive definition applied in H anan, “ T h e E a r ly Chinese Sh o rt S t o r y : A C ritical T h e o r y in O u tlin e ,” Harvard Journal o f Asiatic Studies 2 7 (19 6 7 ), 1 8 3 - 1 8 9 , w h ere the term w as confined to stories w ith u n itary plots. 2 See H anan, " S u n g and Y iia n V ern acu lar F ictio n ,” pp. 1 8 3 - 1 8 4 .

I NTRODUCTI ON

Editions. One short story survives in a 1498 edition, reprinted along with a famous play. This is the C h ’ ien-t’ ang meng 錢 塘 夢 .3 Twenty-nine stories, rediscovered in this century, have been shown to come from a collection originally published by Hung P’ien 洪 根 o f Hang­ chow about the middle o f the sixteenth century.4 Some o f the stories— they were discovered in three separate groups— appear to be in a later reprint than Hung P’ien’s. The original title o f the collection was apparently L iu shih chia hsiao-shuo 六 十 家 小 說 “ Sixty Stories,” and so the surviving stories, some o f which are fragmentary, represent only half o f the collection. The original title was not known at the time the first groups o f stories were discovered and described, and so the title C h ’ ing-p’ ing-shatt-t’ ang hua-pen 淸 平 山 堂 話 本 was concocted for them, after Hung P’ien’s studio name. They will be referred to here as the “ Hung stories,” and will be numbered (Hung 1, Hung 2, and so forth) in the order in which they appear in modem editions.5 T w o o f the Hung stories, one o f them much adapted, also appear in the [C ^ iia n -p u ] Pao Lu ng-t’u p'an pai-chia kung-an 全 補 包 龍 圔 判 百 家 公 案 ，which survives in an edition o f 15 9 4 ® This is the earliest version o f the work which is widely known as the Lung-t'u kun^-an or Pao kung-an, “ Cases o f Judge Pao.” The other accessible versions do not contain the Hung stories.7 Despite the rather specialized nature o f its contents, and despite the fact 3 It is printed with the Hsi-hsiang chi 西麻記 in an edition of 1498. There is a facsimile reprint in the Ku-pen hsi-ch’ii ts’ung-k’an 古本戲曲叢刊， First Series, Peking, 1954. 4 A facsimile edition o f twenty-seven stories, under the title of Ch’ittg-p’i”g-shan-t’an又 hua-pen, was published in Peking in 1934. A revised edition appeared in 1955. A modern punctuated edition, with textual notes, edited by T ’an Cheng-pi 課正璧，was published in Shanghai in 1957. Page references are to the latter. The other two stories are described by A Ying 阿英，who discovered them, in a brief article “ Chi Chia-ching pen Fei-ts’“ i hstian chi Mei Hsing cheng ch’“ n” 記嘉靖本翡翠軒及梅杏爭春， which was published in A Ying’s Hsiao-shuo hsien-t’art 小說閒談(Shanghai, 1936), pp. 41-46, and reprinted in T ’an’s edition, pp. 188-192. A Ying gives the fragmentary text of the Mei Hsing cheng ch’un but not of the other story, which he refers to as a Classical tale. For a study of these editions, see Andre Levy, “ Etudes sur trois recueils anciens de contes chinois,” Totwg Pao 52.1-3 (1965), 97-110. Levy notes how slight the published evidence is for associating the last two stories with Hung P’ien. 5 The order is that of T ’an’s edition，from 1 through 27. Mei Hsing cheng cWun is Hung 28, and Fei-ts’ui hstian is Hung 29. 6 It is preserved in the H 5 sa Bunko 蓬左文庫 in Nagoya. For a description, see Li Tien-yi 李田意，“Jih-pen so-chien Chung-kuo tuan-p’ien hsiao-shuo liieh-chi” 日本所見中國短篇 小說略記，Ch’ing^hua hstieh-pao 淸華學報 NS 1.2 ( 1957 )，79-8o. 7 See Sun K ’ai-ri 孫楷第，Churtg.ktw t'ung^su hsiao-shuo shu-mu 中國通俗小說書目，rev. ed. (Peking, 1957) P. 1 1 1 , for the most important of these editions. The Pao Hsiao-su kuttg pai-chia kung-an yen-i 包孝肅公百家公案演瘓 which, according to Sun (pp. 1 10 - 1 1 1 ) ， was formerly preserved in Korea, has not been available. To judge from its title, the edition, which probably dates from 1597, may have been close to the Ch9iiatt~pu Pao Lung^u pfatt pai-chia kung-an.

4

T H E CH IN ES E SHOR T STOR Y

that its language tends toward Classical Chinese, the Pai-chia kung-an can be regarded as on the borderline o f the vernacular short-story genre. The same cannot be said o f the many collections o f kung-an or courtcase stories which appeared in the decade following its publication.8 They have few, if any, o f the short story’s formal features, and their language is a simple form o f Classical Chinese. One Hung story also appears, in an abridged form, in the novel Chin F in g Mei tz'u-hua 金瓶梅詞話，written probably at some time between 1582 and I596.9 The story is represented as a piece o f oral fiction told by one o f the novel’s characters. Four stories, including one o f the Hung stories, exist in editions published by Hsiung Lung-feng 熊龍肇 about 1590.10 They are referred to here as the “ Hsiung stories,” and given a letter (Hsiung A, Hsiung B , and so on) in the order in which they are reprinted in the modem edition.11 Four more stories, under the collective title o f Hsiao-shuo ch’uan-ch’ i 小說傳奇，exist in an edition evidently published in the Wan-li 萬曆 period (1573-1620). Rediscovered in China in the 1950’s， they have not yet been republished.12 A number o f stories exist here and there among the late-Ming miscel­ lanies such as the Yen-chii pi-chi 燕 居 筆 記 (there are several more or less divergent works o f this title), the Kuo-se t’ien-hsiang 國色天香，the Wan-chin ch’irtg-lin 萬錦情林，and so on.13 (The miscellany is a potpourri o f diverting and useful matter, and might be called a magazine if the term did not denote serial publication.) Altogether, they contain ten different vernacular stories 一 the same story often occurs in several miscellanies—including the Ch’ ienfang meng and three Hung stories. The stories will be referred to here by their titles or by an abridgement o f their titles. 8 See Sun K ’ ai-ti，C hung-kuo tfurtg~su hsiao-shuo shu-mu, pp. 1 1 2 - 1 1 3 , for the extant w o rk s o f this kind. T w o others should be a d d e d : the Lti-t’ iao kurt^ati 律條公案 preserved in the N aik ak u B u n k o in T o k y o and the Hsirt-mirt kung-an 新民公案 preserved in the N atio n al T a iw a n U n iv e rsity. 9 See P. D . H anan , “ T h e T e x t o f the C hin P ’ ing M e i," Asia M ajor N S 9 .1 (19 6 2), 3 9 - 4 3 . F o r the sto ry’s use in C hin P'ittg M e i ， see H anan, “ Sources o f the Chin P ’ ing M W ,” Asia M ajor N S 10 .1 ( 1 9 6 3 ) ，3 7 . 10 T h e re is an edition o f Hsi-hsiartg chi (in the N a ik ak u B u n k o ) published b y H siu n g L u n g -fe n g in 15 9 2 . See M a Y a u -w o o n 馬 幼 垣 ， ‘ ‘ H siu ng L u n g -fe n g so -k ’ an tu a n -p ’ien hsiao-shuo ssu-chung k ’ a o s h i h ” 熊 龍 峯 所 刊 — 篇 小 說 四 種 考 釋 ，C h'ing -hu a hsiieh-pao N S 7 .1 (19 6 8 ), 2 5 9 . 1 1 Hsiung Lung-feng ssu-chung hsiao-shuo 熊 龍 菜 四 種 小 說 ， ed. W a n g K u -lu 王古魯 (Sh an ghai, 19 5 8 ). 12 See Lu K u n g 路 工 ，ed., M i t ^ - C h ’ ing p ’ ing-hua hsiao-shuo hsiian 明 淸 平 話 小 說 選 ，T i-i chi 第 一 集 (Shanghai, 19 5 8 ), preface, pp. 4—5. 13 For a detailed description o f these w o rk s, see C h ap ter III.

I NT RODUCTI ON

The main repositories o f the short story are the three great collections edited by the playwright Feng Meng-lung 瑪 夢 龍 and his associates and published between 1620 and 1627. These are the K u -ch in hsiao-shuo 古 今 小 說 (also published under the title o f Y ii-shih m ing-yen 瞭 世 明 言 ），the C hing-shih t'ung-yen 警 世 通 言 ， and the H sing-shih heng-yen 醒 世 位 言 ， each o f which contains forty stories.14 They are known collectively as the San yen 三 言 ， the “ Three ye«，’’ after the last element in their titles. They contain fifteen stories that also appear in one or more o f the above collections, alongside a number o f other stories which are definitely late, some o f them quite possi­ bly written by Feng Meng-lung himself. The editors make no attempt to distinguish the late stories from the rest, and the resulting melange is a baffling problem for the modem scholar. The stories are referred to here by an abbreviation for the collection (K C for K u -ch in , T Y for ^ung-yen, H Y for heng-yen) and the position in which they appear in modem editions (K C 1, K C 2, and so on).15 Collections later than the San yen appear to be the work o f individual authors, although this is assumption rather than established fact. Under the influence o f the San yen, the short story became extremely popular, and there are numerous collections in the late M ing and early C h ’ing. The largest and most famous o f these were the two forty-piece collections by the late-Ming playwright Ling M eng-ch’u 凌 康 初 ： the P ’ a i-a " ching-chU 拍 案 驚 奇 ， and its sequel, the E rh -k ’e P 'a i-a n ching-ch’ i 二 刻 拍 案 驚 奇 .16 A n­ other well-known collection, one to which Feng himself wrote the preface, was the anonymous Sh ih tien tfou 石 點 頭 ， containing fourteen stories. Bibliographical references. One story is referred to in what is probably a post-

1345 revision o f the Lu kuei pu 錄 鬼 簿 ，the famous account o f Yiian dynasty 14 The Ku-chin hsiao-shuo was published between 1620 and 1624, the Ching-shih tfungyen in 1624, and the Hsing-shih heng-yen in 1627. 15 The best editions available arc those edited in facsimile reprint by Tien-yi Li and published by the Shih-chieh shu-chii in Taipei in 1958 and 1959. However, they are awk­ ward for reference, because the original page numbers are not always clearly printed, and there is no superimposed pagination. With some misgivings, I am using the modem edi­ tions for reference, that is, the Ku-chin hsiao-shuo published in Peking in 1958 by the Jenmin wen-hsiich ch’u-pan-she 人民文學出版社；the Chittg-shih t'ung-yen published in Peking in 1957 by the Tso-chia ch'u-pan-she 作家出版社；and the Hsing-shih hertg-yert also published in Peking in 1956 by the same house. At the time o f writing, all are available in Hong Kong reprints, the first o f them under the title o f Yii-shih ming-yert. Note that the order o f the stories within a collection sometimes varies in the early editions. The chief drawback about the modem editions is that they occasionally omit erotic passages without informing the reader. The celebrated erotic story, no. 23, is omitted entire from the modem edition of the Hsing-shih heng-yen. In this case, I use the Shih-chieh shu-chii edition. 16 The first collection was published in 1628, the second in 1632.

6

THE. CHI NES E SHORT STOR Y

dramatists and their work. It was on the same subject as an extant story, the main story o f K C 36. If the identification o f this story with the Lu kuei pu reference were correct, it would mean that we possess a story written about 1300. But there is no w ay o f being certain that it is correct, and it is best to accept it as a possible or even probable identification and await further evidence.17 The earliest reliable references are found in the library catalogue Paowen-t'ang shu-mu. The library was built up by C h ’ao Li 晁瑰 and by his son Tung-wu 東吳 ，who died in 1554.18 The catalogue itself can be traced only as far back as the end o f the M ing dynasty, so that there is an element o f uncertainty in claiming that it represents the state o f the library around the time o f Tung-wu's death. Both library and catalogue could conceivably have been increased after that date. We can gain a general impression o f the catalogue’s effective date by noting the other works which it includes, but that is negative evidence at best. Clearly, if the catalogue is to be used as an indicator o f pre-1560 publication, it will have to be used with caution. Its value for us is that it deigns to list a great deal o f vernacular literature, virtually the only library catalogue o f the M ing dynasty to do so. R efer­ ences to over forty extant short stories have been remarked—the exact number is in dispute—as well as to several novels. The Hua-ts'ao ts’ui-pien 花草粹編， an anthology o f early (T’ang through Yiian) tz'u 詞 poems which was published in 1583, is important because it contains several tz’u from vernacular fiction, including at least three short stories.19 There is a distinct possiblility that the anthology was originally the work o f Wu C h ’eng-en 吳承恩 ，putative author o f the great novel Hsiyu chi 西 遊 記 （Mwfeey in Arthur W aley’s translation). I f so, the actual date o f compilation was about 1559. W hoever the compiler was, W u C h ’eng-en or the former patron who apparently appropriated his work, he thought the stories from which he selected tz'u came from the Yiian dynasty or before, but o f course we cannot accept that view without other evidence. The year 1583, or perhaps 1559, becomes the later limit for the three short stories. Beyond this date there is no need to go, because other bibliographical references are actually later than the surviving editions. A few references, however, are o f interest. On four occasions, the editorial notes in the San 1 7 See H anan, “ S u n g and Y u a n V ern acu lar F ictio n ,” pp. 1 6 4 - 1 6 5 . 18 T h e father died in 15 6 0 . F o r these dates, see M ing-jen chuan-chi tzuAiao so-yirt 明人 傅記资料索引（ T aipei, 19 6 5 ), I 4 4 6 - 4 4 7 19 See H anan, “ S u n g and Y iia n V ern acu lar F ictio n ,” p. 1 8 3 , n. 1 2 1 . T h e re is a 19 3 3 facsimile reprint o f this w o r k .

IN T R O D U C T I O N

yen identify a story as early, or by a Sung author, or existing in a Sung edi­ tion. Similarly, the library catalogues o f the bibliophile C h ’ien Tseng 錢曾 (1629-1701) name seventeen stories, some o f which do not survive, as “ stories by Sung authors.’ ’20 Obviously, these comments cannot be taken at face value. We shall see later how far they are confirmed by our results. On surveying these dates, one is struck by the fact that there are two important later limits for the short story. One o f these is the period circa 1550, and the other the period o f the 1620’s. The former is the later limit for the Hung stories and, with some reservations, for the Pao-wen-t’ang and even the Hua-ts'ao ts’ui-pien references; the latter is the later limit for the rest o f the San yen stories. O nly one story can be firmly dated before the 1550’s， and only a handful have a later limit between the two periods. The recognition o f these two key dates thus seems a natural place for re­ search to begin. Before proceeding to speak o f methods, I should point out that several works o f vernacular fiction， mainly historical narratives, survive in Yiian dynasty editions.21 One w ork even survives from the Sung dynasty. None o f these, however, makes great or sustained use o f the vernacular language. The novels which do so survive only in much later editions, o f the middle and late sixteenth century. A List o f Extant Short Stories This is a list o f editions o f short stories up to and including the Hsing-shih heng-yert, published in 1627. The Pai-chia kung-an stories, which are on the borderline o f the short-story genre, are not included; they are discussed separately in Chapter III. Stories are arranged below under the collections in which they appear, but note that those that survive in the miscellanies are treated as a single group, because o f the duplication among them. On the left o f the story’s title is the abbreviation, indicating its position in the collection, by which it will be identified. On the right is a cross-reference to any other editions in which it appears prior to 1628. Note that the equals symbol does not mean that the texts concerned are identical, merely that they are recognizably the same work despite any textual differences. If the story is referred to in the Pao-wen-t’ang catalogue, the fact is also noted. 20 " S u n g and Y iian V ern acu lar F ictio n ,” pp. 1 7 3 - 1 7 4 . I h a v e om itted reference here to the Tsui-w eng t'an-lu 醉翁談錄 o f L o Y e h l i 燁 ， w Jiicli su rvives in w hat appears to be a Y iian edition. It is a w o rk o f capital im p ortance for ou r k n o w le d g e o f oral narrative. T h e re are no grounds for taking it necessarily as a catalogue o f w ritten stories. See pp. 1 6 4 - 1 7 3 . 2 1 *'Su n g and Y iian V ern acu lar F ictio n ,” pp. 1 6 2 - 1 6 4 .

The identification o f titles with Pao-wen-t’ang entries is discussed below, in Chapter II, note 26. Abbreviations used are as follow s: Hung The Hung P ’ien collections originally known as Liu-shih chia hsiao-shuo, but commonly called Ch’ in^-p’in)它-shan-t’an又 hua-pen Hsiung The stories published by Hsiung Lung-feng Ku-chin hsiao-shuo KC TY Ching-shih t'ung-yen HY Hsing-shih heng-yen The catalogue o f the Pao-wen-t’ang library. PW T Bibliographical details o f the miscellanies are given in Chapter II. A dagger denotes a fragmentary version. The editions are: CWien-t'ang meng = miscellanies (Reprinted with 1498 edition o f Hsi-hsiang chi) THE HUNG COLLECTIONS

Hung i Hung Hung Hung

i 2 3 4

Liu ChU-ch9ing shih chiu Wan-chiang Lou c h i 柳耆卿詩酒翫P： 樓記 Chien-t’ieh ho-shang 簡貼和尙 Hsi-hu san t*a chi 違湖三塔記 Ho-t'ung wett-tzu chi 合同文字記

Hung 5

Feng-yiieh Jui-hsien T in g 風月瑞仙

Hung 6 Hung 7

Lan-ch'iao chi 藍橘記 K'uai-tsui Li Ts’ui-lien chi 快嘴李翠

Hung 8

Lo-yang san kuai chi

Hung 9

Feng-yiieh hsiang-ssu 風月相思

亭

= miscellanies, PW T = K C 3 5 ,P W T PW T = Pai-chia kung-an 27, PW T = prologue o f T Y 6, PW T PW T PW T

蓮記 洛陽三怪記

Hung 10 Chang Tzu-fang mu Tao chi 張子房 、 慕道記 ' Hung 11 Yin-chih chi shan 陰谋積善 Hung 12 Ch'en Hsiin-chien Mei-ling shih ch’i c h i 陳巡檢梅嶺失妻記 Hung 13 Wu-chieh CWan-shih ssu Hung-lien 、 ' c h i 五戒禪師私紅蓮記

= Pai-chia kung-an 29, PW T = Hsiung C, miscellanies, PW T PW T PW T = K C 20, PW T = Chin F in g Mei tz'u-hua chap. 73 ， K C 30, miscellaD\T/T

INTRODUCTION

Hung 14 Hung 15 i

Hung 16 ^

9

Wen ching yiian-yang hui 制頸駕： 棄 會 = T Y 38, P W T Yang Wen u Lan-lu H u ” chuan 楊溫 P W T 擱路虎傳

Hua-teng chiao Lien-nii ch’eng Fo chi 花燈轎蓮女成佛記

Hung 17 l Hung 1 8 Hung 19

Ts'o je n shih 錯 認屍 Tung Yung yii hsien chuan 董永遇仙

Hung 20 Hung 21

Chieh-chih-erh chi f 戒指兒記 Yang Chiao-ai ssu chan Ching K }o |

Hung 22

Ssu sheng chiao Fan Chang chi shw\

Ts*ao Po-ming ts'o k’art tsang chi 曹 伯明 錯勘 臓記

= T Y 33

傅

=KC4 = K C 7, P W T

羊角哀死戰 荆軻 死生交范張鷄黍

Hung 23 Hung 24 、

Hung 25 ^ " Hung 26 Hung 27 ^ Hung 28 Hung 29

= K C 16, P W T

1

Lao Feng T ’ang chih chien Han W en- P W T t i ] 老馮唐 直 諫 漢 文 帝 Han L i Kuang shih hao F ei Chiang- P W T c h u n 漢 李 廣 世號飛將軍 K 'uei-kuan Yao Pien tiao C hu-ko PW T 甍關姚卞弔諸葛

C ha-ch’uan Hsiao C h ’en pien P awan/ 2 誓川蕭琛貶霸王 L i Yiian Wu-chiang chiu chu-she f

PW T = K C 34, P W T

李元 吳 江 救 朱 蛇

M ei Hsing cheng ch’ un f 梅杏 爭 春 Fei-ts’ “ i Hstian f 翁翠軒

PW T PW T

THE STORIES PUBLISHED B Y HSIUNG LU NG-FENG

Hsiung A i Hsiung B i Hsiung C Hsiung D

22

Chang Sheng ts’ai-luan teng chuan

= K C 23, P W T

張生彩 鷲燈傅

Su C h ’artg-kung Chang-t’ai Liu c h u a n 蘇長公章臺柳傳 Feng Po-yii feng-yiieh hsiang-ssu h s ia o -s h u o 馮伯 玉 風 月 相 思 小 說 K 'u n g Shu-fang shuattg-yti shanchui c h u a n 孔淑芳雙魚国墜傳

PW T = H u n g 9, miscel­ lanies, P W T PW T

S u n K ’ a i-ri, C h u n g -k u o tfu ng-su hsiao-shuo s fw -n w ， p. 80 , re p o rts a c o m m e n t b y M a

L ie n 馬 廉 th at H u n g 2 6 is also fo u n d in C h a n g C h ’o u ’ s 張 丑 M in g shan tsang 名 山 藏 ， a w o r k w h i c h S u n h ad n o t seen. C h a n g C h ’ o u w a s a w r it e r a n d e d it o r w h o liv e d fr o m 1 5 7 7 to 1 6 4 3 , b u t I h a v e n o t b e e n ab le to fin d a n y r e c o r d o f his c o m p i lin g su ch a w o r k . T h e r e is, o f co u r se , a w e l l - k n o w n M in g shan tsang, c o m p ile d b y H o C h M a o -y iia n 何 喬 遠 ， o f w h i c h a 1 6 4 0 e d itio n exists.

TH E CH IN ESE SHORT STORY

THE HSIAO-SHUO CH U AN-CH ]

1. 2. 3. 4-

Wang K 'u ei 王魁 L i Ya-hsien chi 李亜仙記 Kuei chien chiao ch’ ing 貴賤交情 Nti Hatt-lin 女翰林

possibly PW T =TY i = H Y ii

THE STORIES PRESERVED IN THE MISCELLANIES

(Note that the title given here is that of the first work referred to) Chang Yii-hu su nti chen kuan 張于湖宿女眞觀 (Ho 9, Lin 6, Yii 7, Wan-chin 1, Kuo-se 10) Cheng Yiian-ho p^ao-yii L i Ya-hsien chi 鄭元和 嫖遇李亜仙記

(Y u 7, L i n 5 t) C h ’ien-t’ang meng

錢塘夢

(Lin 4) Hsiang-ssu chi 相思記 (Kuo-se 8) Hung-lien nii yin Yu-t'ung C h ’an-shih 紅蓮女 淫玉通禪師

(Ho 9, Yii 8, Hsiu-ku 8) Liu C h ’ i-ch’ing Wan-chiang Lou chi 柳耆卿飯

PW T possibly PWT. Note that this is a different work from entry 2 above = 14 9 8 edition, see above =H ung 9, Hsiung C, PW T = K C 29, possibly PW T =Hung 1, PW T

江樓記

(Ho io |, Lin 6, Yii 7, Wan-chin 1, Hsiu-ku 4) Lii-chu chui lou chi 綠珠墜樓記 = prologue story (Ho 10, Lin 8, Yii 8)

o fK C 36, PW T

F^ei Hsiu-niang yeh yu Hsi-hu 裴秀娘夜遊西湖 (Lin 5 f, Wan-chin 2) Tu Li-niang mu se huan h u n 杜麗娘慕色還魂

PW T

(Ho 9, Yii 8) Ttmg-p’o Fo-yin erh shih hsiang hui

東坡佛印

二世相會

(Hsiu-ku 12 个，Yii 9)

=H ung 13, Chin F^ing M ei tz'u-hua chap. 73, K C 30， PW T

KU-CHIN HSIAO-SHUO

KC

I

KC 2 KC 3

Chiang Hsing-ko ch’tmg hui chen-chu s h a n 蔣興哥重會珍珠轸 C h ’en Yii-shih ch’iao k’an chin ch’ai t i e n 陳御史巧勘金釵细 Hsin-cWiao Shih Han Wu mai ch，unch’i n g 新橘市韓五賣春情

PW T

INTRO DUCTION

KC 5

Hsiett-yiin An Juan San ch'ang yiianc h a i 閒雲菴阮三償寃债 CWiung M a Chou tsao chi mai-tui ao

KC6

Ko Ling-kung sheng ch’ien Nung-chu-erh

KC7

Yang Chiao-ai she ming ch’tian chiao

KC4

= H u n g 20

窮馬周遭際贸鎚媪 葛令公生遣弄珠兒 羊角哀捨命全交

= H u n g 21

^

KC 8

Wu Pao-an ch’ i chia shu yu 吳保安棄

KC9

F e i Chin-kunj? i huan yuan-p'ei 裴晉

K C 10

T ’ertg Ta-yin kuei tuan chia-ssu 滕大

K C 11

K C 13

Chao Po-sheng ch’a-ss“ yii Jen-tsung 趙伯昇茶肆遇仁宗 ' Chung ming-chi ch'un-feng tiao Liu C h ’ i 衆名姬春風弔柳七 Chang Tao-ling ch’i shih Chao Sheng

K C 14

C h ’en H si-i ssu tz'u cWao-ming 陳希

K C 15

Shih Hung-chao lung hu chtin-ch’en hut

家讀友 公義還原配 尹鬼断家私

K C 12

1

張道陵七試趙昇 夷四辭朝命

PW T

（

PW T

史弘肇龍虎君臣會

K C 16

Fan Chu-cWing chi shu ssu-sheng chiao 范巨卿雞黍死生交

K C 17

= H u n g 22, P W T

‘

Shan Fu-lang CWiian-chou chia ou

單

符郞全州佳偶

K C 18 K C 19

Yang Pa-lao Yiieh-kuo ch’i feng 楊八 老越國奇逢 ' ( Yang C h ’ ien-chih k'o-jang yu hsia-seng 楊謙之客舫遇俠僧

K C 21

C h ’en Ts’ ung-shan M ei-ling shih hunc h i a 陳從善梅嶺失渾家 Lin-an L i C h ’ien F o -liu fa chi 臨安里

K C 22

Mu-mien A n Cheng Hu-cWen pao yiian

K C 23

Chang Shun-mei teng-hsiao te li-nii 23 張

K C 20

= H u n g 12, P W T

錢婆留發跡 木綿菴鄭虎臣報寃 舜美燈宵得麗女

= Hsiung A , PW T

2 3 T h e title in the table o f co n ten ts differs fr o m the title in the tex t. T h is is the title in the tex t o f the first ed itio n . S im ila r discrepan cies exist in the cases o f T Y 16 , T Y 2 6 , T Y 3 5 , T Y 3 6 , H Y 9 , H Y 2 2 , an d H Y 2 9 .

THE CH IN ESE SHORT STORY

K C 24

Yang Ssu-wen Yen-shan feng ku-jeti 楊思溫燕山逢故人

K C 2$

P W T (two titles)

、

Yen P ’ing-chmg erh t'ao sha san sltih

PW T

晏平仲二桃殺三士

K C 26

Shen Hsiao-kuan i niao hai ch’i ming

PW T

沈小官一鳥害七命

K C 27

Chin Yii-nu pang ta po-cWing lang 金

K C 28

L i Hsiu-ch’ ing i chieh Huang chen-nii

K C 29

Yiieh-ming Ho-shang tu Liu Ts’ui 月

'

玉奴棒打薄情郞

‘

李秀卿義結黃貞女 明和尙度柳翠

K C 30

（

M ing-wu C h ’an-shih kan Wu-chieh 明悟稈師趕五戒

K C 31

Nao yin-ssu Ssu-ma Mao tuan yii

= miscellanies, possibly P W T = H ung 13 , Chin P'ing M ei tz’tt-hua chap. 73, miscella­ nies, P W T

鬧

陰司司馬貌斷獄

K C 32

Yu Feng-tu Hu-mu T i yin shih 遊郎

K C 33

Chang Ku-lao churtg kua ch’ti Wen-nu

都胡母迪吟詩

PW T

張古老種瓜娶文女

K C 34 '

K C 35 K C 36

L i Kung-tzu chiu she huo CWeng-hsin 李公子救蛇獲稱心

= H ung 27, P W T

‘

Chien-t’ ieh seng ch’iao p ’ien Huang-fu ch，i 簡帖僧巧騙皇甫妻 、 Sung Ssu-kung ta nao “ Chin-hun” C h a n g 宋四公大鬧禁魂張

K C 37

Liang Wu-ti lei hsiu kuei >

K C 38

Je n Hsiao-tzu lieh hsing wei shen 任孝

= H u n g 2, P W T P W T (The pro­ logue is found in­ dependently in miscellanies, PW T )

帝累修歸極樂

PW T

子烈性爲神

K C 39

Wang Hsin-chih i ssu chiu ch’tian chia

K C 40

Shen Hsiao-hsia hsiang hui C h ’u-shih p i a o 沈小霞相會出師表

汪信之一死救全家

CHING-SHIH T ’ U NG-YEN

TY 1

Yii Po-ya shuai chUn hsieh chih-yin 俞 伯牙摔琴謝知音

= Hsiao-shuo ch’uan-ch’ i 3

IN T RO D U C T IO N

TY2

13

Chuang Tzu-hsiu ku p'ett ch’eng Ta Tao 莊子休鼓盆成大道

t y

3

Wang An-shih san nan Su Hsiieh-shih

t y

4

Ao Hsiang-kung yin hen Pan-shan T a n g 拗相公飮恨半山堂 Lii Ta-lang huan chin wan ku-jou 呂

王安石三難蔴學士

TY 5

大郞遺金完骨肉

TY6 TYy

Yii Chung-chii t’ i shih yii Shang-huang 俞仲舉題詩遇上皇 ( C h ’en K ’o-ch’ang tuan-yang hsien hua

TY 8

Ts'ui Tai-chao sheng ssu yiian-chia

(The prologue= H ung 5)

陳可常端陽仙化 崔

PW T

待詔生死寃家

TY9

L i Tiao-hsien tsui tsfao ho-man-shu

李

謫仙醉草嚇蠻書

T Y io

C h ’ien She-jen t’i shih Yen-tzu Lou

錢

舍人題詩燕子樓

TY n

Su Chih-hsien lo-shan tsai ho 蘇知縣

T Y 12

Fan Ch'iu-erh shuang-ching ch’ung yuan

T Y 13

San hsien shen Pao Lung-t’u tuan yiian

T Y 14

/ k ’u kuei lai tao-jen cWu kuai —窟鬼

T Y 15

Chin Ling-shih mei-pi ch’ou Hsiu-t’ung

T Y 16

Hsiao fu-jen chirt-ch’ ien tseng nien-shao

羅衫再合 范鳅兒雙鏡重閧‘ 三現身包龍圚斷寃

1

癩道人除怪 金令史美婢酬秀童

possibly P W T

小夫人金錢贈年少

T Y 17

Tun Hsiu-ts’ai i chao chiao t’ai 纯秀才

T Y 18

Lao men-sheng san shih pao en 老門生

T Y 19

Tsfui Ya-nei pai-yao chao yao

T Y 20

C hi Ya-fan chin-man ch'an huo 計押

一朝交泰 三世報恩‘ 白鋪招妖 番金鰻筮禍

T Y 22

Chao T ’ai-tsu ch’ ien li sung Chirtgn i a n g 趙太祖千里送京娘 Sung Hsiao-kuan ^uan-yiian p'o chan-li

T Y 23

Yiieh Hsiao-she p'an sheng mi ou

TY21

宋小官團圓破氈笠 舍 拼 生覓偶

樂小

PW T

14

THE CHINESE SHORT STORY

T Y 24

Yii-t>ang-cWun lo nan feng fu 玉堂春

T Y 25

Kuei Yiian-wai t*u cWiung ch’att hui

T Y 26

T ’ang Chieh-yiiatt i hsiao yin-yuan 唐

T Y 27

Chia shen-hsien ta nao Hua-kuang Miao

T Y 28

Pai Niang-tzu yung chert Lei-feng V a

T Y 29

Su-hsiang T ’ing Chang Hao yii Yingy i n g 宿香亭張浩遇鶯鴛 Chin-ming Ch’ih Wu Chlingfeng Ai-ai

落難逢夫 桂員外途窮懺悔 解元一笑姻緣 假神仙大鬧華光廟 白娘子永鎭雷峯塔

T Y 30

PW T

金明池吳淸逢愛愛

T Y 31

Chao Chutt-erh cWung wang Ts’ao-chia C h u a n g 趙春兒重旺曹家莊 T Y 32 Tu Shih-niang nu ch’en pai-pao hsiang 杜十娘怒沉百蜜箱

T Y 33 Ch’iao Yen-chieh i ch’iehpfo chia 喬彥

= H u n g 18

傑一妾破家

T Y 34 Wang Chiao-luan pai nien cWang hen 王嬌鷲百年長恨 1 T Y 35 K'uang Vai-shou tuan ssu hai-erh 况 太守斲死孩兒

T Y 36 Tsao-chiao-lin Ta Wang chia hsing 卑 角林大王假形

T Y 37 Wan Hsiu-niang ch'ou pao shan-^inge r h 萬秀娘仇報山亭兒 T Y 38 Chiang Shu-chen wen ching yiiart-yang h u i 蔣淑眞刎頸鴛鴦會 T Y 39 Fu-lu-shou san hsing tu shih 福祿壽三

PW T = H u n g 14

星度世

T Y 40 Ching-yang Kung t’ieh-shu chen yao 旌陽宮鐵樹鎭妖

= T'ieh-shu chi 鐵 樹記 by Teng Chihmo 部志護. Also contained in Sanchiao ou-nien 三敎偶 拈 , ed. Feng Menglung.

HSING-SHIH HENG-YEN

HY i

Liang hsien-ling ching i hun ku-nii 兩縣令競義婚孤女

INTRODUCTION

H Y 2

15

San hsiao-lien jang ch’a” li kao-mittg 三孝廉讓產立高名

h

y

3

Mai-yu lang tu chan Hua-k’uei 費油 郞獨占花魁

H Y 4

Kuan-yuan sou wan feng hsien-ttii 灌園叟晚逢仙女

H Y

5

Ta-shu P’o i-hu suttg ch’irt 大樹坡義虎 送親

H Y 6

Hsiao-shui Wan t'ien-hu i shu 小水揭

H Y y H Y8

Ch’ie” Hsiu-ts’ai ts'o chanfeng-huang ch’o u 錢秀才錯占鳳凰儔 Ch’iao T’ai-shou luan tien yiian-yang

H Y 9

c ii’en To-shou sheng ssufu ch’i 陳多

天狐詒書

p ' u 喬太守亂點鴛鴦譜 壽生死夫妻 H Y

10 Liu Hsiao-kuan tz*u hsiung hsiung ti 劉小官雌雄兄弟

H Y 11

Su Hsiao-mei san nan hsin-lang H 小 妹三難新郞

H Y

12

H Y

13

= Hsiao-shuo ch’uan-ch’i 4

Fo-yin Shih ssu t’iao Ch’in-niang 佛 印師四調琴娘

H Y H Y

K'an p’i-hstieh tan cheng Erh-lang Shen 勘皮靴單證二郞神 ‘ 14 Nao Fan-lou to ch’ing Chou Shengh sien 鬧樊樓多情周勝仙 15 Ho Ta-ch’ing i hen yiian-yang t'ao _

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大卿逍恨鴛鴦維 H Y 16

Lu Wu-han ying liu hose hsieh 陸五 漢硬留合色鞋

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17

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Chang Hsiao-chi Ch'en-liu jen chiu 張孝基陳留認舅

H Y 18

Shih jun-tse T’art-ch’tieh yii yu 施潤

H Y 19

Pai Yii-niang jen k’u cWengfu 白玉孃

澤灘闕遇友 忍苦成夫 H Y

20 Chang T’ing-hsiu t'ao sheng chiufu

張

廷秀逃生救父 H Y 21

Lii Tung-pinfei chien chan Huang-lurtg 呂洞賓飛劍斬黃龍

H Y

22

H Y

23

Chang Shu-erh ch’iao chih t'o Yang S h en g 張淑兒巧智脫楊生 Chin Hai-ling tsung yii wang shen 金 海陵縦欲亡身

Claimed to be

16

THE CH IN ES E SHORT STORY

H Y 24 Sui Yang-ti i yu chao ch’ien 隋煬帝逸 遊召譴

H Y 25 Tu-ku Sheng kuei t}u nao meng

獨孤

生歸途鬧夢

H Y 26 Hstieh Lu-shih yii-fu cheng hsien 事魚服證仙

薛錄

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H Y 27 Li Yii-yin^ yu-chung sung yiian 李玉 英獄中訟寃

H Y 28 Wu Ya-nei lin-chou fu yiieh 吳衙內鄰 舟赴約

H Y 29

Lu T ’ai-hstieh shih chiu ao kung hou

H Y 30

Li CWien-kung ch’ iung ti yii hsia-k'o

H Y 31

Cheng Chieh-shih li kung shen-pi kung

盧太學詩酒傲公侯 李汧公窮邸遇俠客 鄭節使立功神臂弓

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H Y 32 Huang Hsiu-ts'ai yao ling yii-ma chui 黃秀才徼靈玉馬墜 ' H Y 33 Shih-wu kuan hsi yen ch’ertg cWiao-huo

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十五貫戯言成巧禍

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