The Art of Sukumar Bose: Reflections on South and Southeast Asia 9789814517850

Table of contents :
Contents
MESSAGE
Preface
Acknowledggments
Contributors
Introduction
Chapter 1. Negotiating Culture & Postcolonialism in the Art of Sukumar Bose
History, Memories & Recollections
Chapter 2. The Artist, My Father
Recollections
Chapter 3. Visual Poetry & Humanism
Visual Narratives The Art of Sukumar Bose
Chapter 4. Artist Sukumar Bose: A Vital Historical Study
Chapter 5. Expansion of the Lucknow Wash
Chapter 6. Vignettes of History
Chapter 7. Pictorial Journey: Movements, Styles & Tendencies
Chapter 8. Epilogue
Catalogue of Images

Citation preview

The Art of

SUKUMAR BOSE

First published in Singapore in 2013 by ISEAS Publishing Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Pasir Panjang Singapore 119614 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. © 2013 Bose Family Trust The responsibility for facts and opinions in this publication rests exclusively with the authors and their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or the policy of the publisher or its supporters.

ISEAS Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data The art of Sukumar Bose : reflections on South and Southeast Asia / edited by Venka Purushothaman. 1. Bose, Sukumar, 1912-1986—Criticism and interpretation. 2. Artists—India. 3. Art, Indic—India—20th century. 4. Art, Indic—Southeast Asia—20th century. I. Purushothaman, Venka. N7310.3 B74A78 2013 ISBN 978-981-4517-84-3 (hard cover) ISBN 978-981-4517-85-0 (e-book, PDF) Designed by Utsa Collective Printed in Singapore by Craft Print

The Art of

SUKUMAR BOSE Reflections on South & Southeast Asia

Edited by Venka Purushothaman

Institute of SouthEast Asian Studies Singapore

Contents Messages President of India Prime Minister of Bangladesh Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore Preface Acknowledgements Contributors

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Introduction Chapter 1 Negotiating Culture & Postcolonialism in the Art of Sukumar Bose Venka Purushothaman

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History, Memories & recollections Chapter 2 The Artist, My Father Kamal Bose

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Recollections Debashis Bose, Raja Bose & Sujoy Brahma

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Chapter 3 Visual Poetry & Humanism Rajalingam Sinniah

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Visual Narratives: The Art of Sukumar Bose Chapter 4 Artist Sukumar Bose: A Vital Historical Study Nuzhat Kazmi

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Chapter 5 Expansion of the Lucknow Wash Awadhesh Misra Translated by Leena Misra

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Chapter 6 Vignettes of History Manasij Majumdar

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Chapter 7 Pictorial Journey: Movements, Styles & Tendencies Kamal Bose, Keshav Malik, Mahirwan Mamtani & MK Puri Chapter 8 Epilogue Keshav Malik

Catalogue of Images

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The Art of

SUKUMAR BOSE Reflections on South & Southeast Asia

MESSAGE From The President of India

I am delighted that a book on India’s foremost artist Sukumar Bose has been published. I am acquainted with his works through my everyday experience at the Rashtrapati Bhavan where his murals and paintings reside. It remains a testament to Bose’s artistry and more importantly, India’s heritage and contribution to the development of modern art in Asia. I congratulate the family of Sukumar Bose for embarking on this brave journey and all the writers and contributors for their insightful essays. This book will remain an important resource for the study of Indian art.

Pranab Mukherjee President, Republic of India

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MESSAGE From the Prime Minister of Bangladesh

I am happy to learn that initiatives have been undertaken to publish a book and hold exhibitions of the artworks of noted Indian artist, Padma Shri Sukumar Bose, marking his birth centenary. Sukumar Bose, a Bangalee legendary artist, promoted the traditions and art form of the Bengal School across India and beyond. His technical skill and attention to detail, coupled with heart, beautifully showcased the brilliance and beauty of Indian art. Bose was more of a traditionalist, preferring realism over the abstract styles of interpretation. The exhibition will help people get acquainted with the works of Sukumar Bose and highlight the richness of Indian art. I was heartened to know that the proceeds of the project will be utilised for the education of under-privileged children, particularly girls. I wish the exhibitions and the publication of the book all success. Joy Bangla, Joy Bangabandhu. May Bangladesh Live Forever.

Sheikh Hasina Prime Minister, People’s Republic of Bangladesh

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MESSAGE From Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore

The artist monograph, The Art of Sukumar Bose, is a welcome addition to the growing interest and discourse of art in contemporary Asia. The works of Sukumar Bose are true to his experiences of living and practising under the British Raj, independent India and his sojourn into Singapore. It provides a valuable insight into the changing face of India and Asia. Unlike western societies where documentation of art is unparalleled, the growing art market sector in Asia requires deeply reflective and wellinformed knowledge on modern art from Asia. This book feeds well into the larger enterprise of research and documentation of art of Asia and I congratulate the writers for their engaging personal and discursive essays and the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies for boldly embarking in publishing this important book. This book is a personal journey for the Bose family as it marks the centenary of Sukumar Bose. I congratulate them for celebrating the centenary through the gift of knowledge to generations hereafter.

Tharman Shanmugaratnam Deputy Prime Minister, Republic of Singapore

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Preface

To commemorate the centenary of artist Sukumar Bose (1912-1986), The Art of Sukumar Bose: Reflections on South & Southeast Asia, has been commissioned by the Bose Family Trust to take an incisive look at the artist, his works and the context of his art production in South and Southeast Asia. Bose was Curator of Paintings at Viceroy House (now known as Rashtrapati Bhavan or the Presidential Palace) in Delhi in 1945, a position that he held in post-independent India until 1972. Alongside such position of power to determine the aesthetics of politicians, Bose had an illustrious painting life. His art varied from the traditional to the decorative and ornamental, with a hint of the Oriental flavour. His work demonstrated traces of the Bengal School styles of Abanindranath Tagore, Asit Kumar Haldar and AR Chughtai. Be it figurative, landscape or abstract, Bose’s art synthesized the decorative elements of Indo-Persian miniatures with Chinese and Japanese techniques. In this context, his vision and passion were inspired by traditional art forms, including Ajanta, Rajput and Mughal miniatures. Bose’s standing as an important architect of the country’s artistic and cultural landscape received the firm patronage of eminent individuals, including Lady Edwina Mountbatten, wife of the Viceroy of India; and in 1950 the Venerable Pope Pius XII commissioned him to produce an art piece for the Vatican. His incisive observations of life, people and cultures, during colonial and postcolonial India and his later sojourn into Southeast Asia, emerge as both a contested yet seamless narrative of history and hope in his art.

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The objective of the book is to provide an overview and a critical insight into the work of the artist who seeks to develop a language of pride and hope for Indians living through pre-independence and post-independence India. It is the aim of the book to be of value to visual arts enthusiasts, historians, researchers of art and students. This book is the first of its kind to document and give a critical overview of Sukumar Bose. More importantly, in writing about Bose, we will be partaking in the writing of new art history outside of the conventional modernist lens, which we hope will lend to a new Asian sensibility. The feedback from the various reviewers, on the earlier drafts of this book, have been most useful in ensuring the text remains true to this endeavour.

About the Book

The reader need not feel the compulsion to read the book from cover to cover, even though they are most welcome to do so. The book is organized in three sections: the first serves as an introduction to give a contextual and critical framework to negotiate the art of Bose. The second section called “History, Memories & Recollections” is an ode to Sukumar Bose by people who knew him personally: his sons and a personal friend. Here, the reader will find an honest rendition of the artist as a person through familial and social networks. The third section called “Visual Narratives: The Art of Sukumar Bose” engages with the art of Bose. Art historians and artists come together to reflect and place Bose’s work within an appropriate set of aesthetic production. This section also contains the image plates of Bose’s art granting the viewer a peak into the narratives that form the stories that Sukumar Bose chose to tell.

Venka Purushothaman Editor

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Acknowledgements

This book on Padma Shri Sukumar Bose was commissioned by the Bose Family Trust to commemorate the centenary of his birth. The celebration of the life and influence of Sukumar Bose through the publication of this book would not have been possible without the untiring effort of Venka Purushothaman to whom I am greatly indebted. Many thanks go to all the authors who have contributed to the book. Special thanks to my friend Professor Rajalingam Sinniah, who was very close to my father, took great interest in his work and encouraged the publishing of this book. Special thanks to Carolyn Oei for helping me with my own script. The ISEAS’ invaluable contribution in publishing this book which was initiated by Ambassador K Kesavapany and further supported by Ambassador Tan Chin Tiong, the Director of ISEAS, is greatly appreciated. Triena Ong, the editor-in-charge of the publication, has guided this book through the various stages. Special thanks to the photographers, Choo Ngee Heng, Samar Mondol, Subhas Chandra for the excellent photography of the pictures that appear in this book. I am greatly indebted to Shubho Roy, the designer of the book, for his untiring efforts and artistic input. We are very grateful for the special contribution from the Vatican, and Ian Goodwin of Broadland, Romsey, UK, for the Mountbatten Collection. In New Delhi, we are greatly indebted to Rashtrapati Bhavan, Gita Bhavan, Modern School, National Museum of Modern Art and many

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other individuals in India and abroad who have contributed the paintings in their collections for this book. Special thanks to my friend, Upal Ghosh, who was very helpful in guiding this project and also introducing me to OP Jain of Sanskriti, New Delhi, whose vast knowledge and appreciation of the artwork helped me greatly. Keshav Malik and Usha Malik for their insight and in-depth knowledge of the socio-cultural influences in the shaping of Indian culture in pre- and post-independent India. Without the help, support and advice of Subir Malik it would not have been possible for me to navigate through the corridors of power in Delhi. Special thanks to Ketika Bose for her editorial and publishing advice and Chandra Mamtani for her secretarial help. To my uncles, Subash Bose and Pradeepto Bose for their advice and invaluable support. Special thanks to the Principal of the Art College in Lucknow, RP Rajeevnayan, and Awadhesh Misra for providing the missing link that has always caused some concern among the experts in trying to pigeonhole my father’s artwork. His Excellency, Mr. TCA Raghavan, High Commissioner of India to Singapore, for helping to locate some of the artworks of my father, and Revered Swami Muktirupananda, President of Ramakrishna Mission, Singapore, for reviewing the manuscripts. There are many people in the family, friends and even strangers who have helped in one way or another to materialize this project. My special thanks go to all of them. Special mention goes to Amitavo Roy and Prosoon Mukherjee who had been advising me for this project from the beginning, Anjali Grover and

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Kanika Mukerji for their help and support. I would also like to thank my friend, Suman Aggarwal, for her advice and invaluable support. I would like to thank everyone on the Bose Family Trust. In particular, my gratitude goes to my sister Altu Brahma for initiating the idea, my brother Debashis Bose for lending the pictures in his collection for photography, my son Raja Bose and my daughter Reena Bose for their contribution in supporting this project. All this would not have been possible without the help of my secretary, Patricia Sng. Finally I would like to thank my wife, Dr. Pushpa Bose, whose support, encouragement and perseverance guided me through the many difficult periods in compiling this book.

Kamal Bose On behalf of Bose Family Trust

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Contributors

Kamal Bose is a world-renowned orthopaedic surgeon and former Professor of Orthopaedics at National University of Singapore. Professor (Dr) Bose, the son of Sukumar Bose, is the commissioner of this book and has researched extensively into the history of the Bose Family over thirty generations.

Nuzhat Kazmi is an art historian and academic. As Professor of Art History, she currently heads the Department of Art History and Art Appreciation at the Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi. A Commonwealth Scholar trained at the School of Oriental and African Studies, UK, she has written numerous articles on art and is the author of Islamic Art: The Past and Modern (2009).

Keshav Malik is a renowned Indian poet, critic, arts scholar and curator. Malik served as personal assistant to Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister from 1947-1948. Malik has published eighteen volumes of poetry including Between Nobodies and Stars (2008), Storm Warning (1978) and The Lake Surface and Other Poems (1961). He has also edited six anthologies of English translations of Indian poetry and written monographs on visuals artists including Nandalal Bose (1997). In 1991, he was awarded one of India’s highest civilian awards, the Padma Shri, for his contributions to literature.

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Manasij MajumdAr is a well-known art writer and academic in India. A Reader of English at Calcutta University, he wrote about the arts in all the major dailies and magazines, notably Hindustan Standard, Desh, Sananda, The Telegraph and Ananda Bazaar Patrika. He has written extensively on major Indian artists, including Gopal Ghose, Paritosh Sen, Bikash Bhattacharjee, Sakti Burman, Sunil Das, Jatin Das, Shuvaprasanna, Rini Dhumal, Jaya Ganguly, Sipra Bhattacharya and many others. His major books include Sakti Burman (2008), Close to Events: The Works of Bikash Battacharjee (2007), Art Moves: Works by Sunil Das (2005).

Mahirwan Mamtani (b.1955) is a painter, graphic and multimedia artist and art writer who works and lives in Munich.

Awadhesh Misra is a well known Lucknow-based painter. Highly awarded and decorated for his research and art, Dr. Misra has held numerous solo exhibitions all over India and internationally. He has attended several national level artist camps organized by LKA New Delhi at Guwahati, by NZCC Chandigarh at Rishikesh, by SLKA UP at Dhanolti and Almora, Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi and Lalit Kala Akademi, Chandigarh.

Leena Misra is a well-known educator and arts writer whose research and published work spans art, education and Sanskrit literature. Dr. Misra is an expert in translations having written and translated many articles for the important journals such as Sanskriti (Govt. of India), Sanskriti Samvad and Kala Varta (Govt. of Madhya Pradesh), Kala Traimasik (State Lalit Kala Akademi, Uttar Pradesh, India), Samkaleen

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Kala (Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi, Govt. of India), Uttar Pradesh (Govt. of Uttar Pradesh), Kala Dirgha, International Journal of Visual Arts (Utkarsh Pratishthan, Lucknow).

MK Puri is an artist and art critic. He is a specialist in mural works having worked extensively on murals and ceramics under Shri Gurucharan Singh and Mansimran Singh. He has exhibited internationally including the 2nd Havana Biennale. He is a three time recepient of the AIFACS award, the National Academy Award, the Sahitya Kala Parishad Award and Senior Fellowship by the Government of India.

Venka Purushothaman is an art writer, academic, and arts and cultural manager. He is currently Vice-President (Academic) and Provost at LASALLE College of the Arts, Singapore. He has researched and written extensively on visual arts, performing arts and arts management with an interest in contemporary art. He has written essays on numerous artists including Pierre & Gilles (France), Nathalie Junod Ponsard (France), Parvati Nayar (India), Atta Kim (South Korea). His artist monographs include: Dance Me through the Dark: The Photography of Tan Ngiap Heng (2008); and Salleh Japar: Gurindam dan Igauan (2004). His books on arts and culture include Making Visible the Invisible: Three Decades of the Singapore Arts Festival (2007) and Narratives: Notes on a Cultural Journey, Cultural Medallion Recipients, 1979-2002 (2002). Purushothaman is a member of the Association of International Art Critics, France (AICA) and Fellow of the Royal Society of the Arts, UK (RSA).

Rajalingam Sinniah is a medical doctor of international renown. He was the former professor of pathology at the National University of

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Singapore, and currently is the Clinical Professor of Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia. He has published books and over 200 medical scientific papers in international journals. Amidst his scientific contributions, he is a celebrated art collector with a knowledgeable interest in the arts and has written articles on several artists, including Tan Swie Hian, Yao Youdou, Yao Youxin, Chen Hsii Hwa and Sir Roy Calne.

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Reproduced from The Art of Sukumar Bose: Reflections on South and Southeast Asia edited by Venka Purushothaman (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg >

Introduction

Negotiating Culture & Postcolonialism

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the art of sukumar bose

Negotiating Culture & PostColonialism in the Art of Sukumar Bose

By Venka Purushothaman

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Negotiating Culture & PostColonialism in the Art of Sukumar Bose

By Venka Purushothaman Introduction

Writers on the art of India are numerous and whether they are enthusiasts or researchers they will be confronted by the extensive breadth and depth of the Indian civilization – from the Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa archeological sites through the Mughal intervention and timeless temple sculptures to precolonial and postcolonial India. This is, of course, complicated by the rich diversity of cultures, languages, practices, and notions of indigeneity which determine the subcontinent. Works of art continue to provide a visual historiography amidst readily available socio-cultural, political, economic and military histories and discourses and any attempt in threading these all together is a futile exercise. However, the collection of multiple planes of lived histories provides an everready resource for reckoning. Artists have always created artworks that transcend human imagination, temporal relevance and spatial specificities. While artworks may be culturally specific in their production, their circulation transcends both cultural and geographical borders and belie in timelessness. In this regard, works such as Pablo Picasso’s Guernica (1937), Auguste Rodin’s The Thinker (1902), the notable paintings of Maqbool Fida Husain (1915-2011) and Raja Ravi Varma (1848-1906) come to mind for their presence in the consciousness of the everyday. Facing Page

Formal structures of western art training have colonized much of late nineteenth and twentieth century Asia’s imagination. Artists from

(Detail) Radha & Krishna, 1960s Watercolour, 12 x 14.5 in. Private Collection

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postcolonial societies confidently embrace this training through drawing, painting, sculpture and printmaking of landscapes, peoples and cultural iconography and write back the colonial inscription into a culturally specific one. Moreover, while the global art investment market has a plethora of art styles and practices to invest in, the representational and obvious, more so than the non-representation and abstract, have a lead in the marketplace. This alongside the strong narrative and storytelling structures inherent in Asian cultures clearly facilitates a greater preference for representational and realist works. One of the particularities of large civilizations such as India and China is that one can find artists whose lives and works span and negotiate the impact of epochal systems of colonial, postcolonial and global spheres through their lived experiences. If at all, modern historiography has been embracing artists who transcend these spheres, giving voice and space to them in the annals of history. The necessary privileging of these voices Above (Detail) Sir Thomas Roe at the Court of Jahangir, 1970s

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has been at that heart of postcolonial discourse—succinctly engaged by

Watercolour, 46 x 32 in.

eminent scholars such as Homi Bhabha and Ranajit Guha—especially as a

Private Collection

means of resisting the canonical script of colonialism. While theoretically

the art of sukumar bose

it is plausible to locate artists within a convenient time-frame structure, I find that an appropriate paradigm within which to investigate artists’ works would be transnational; that is, at points of relationships that transcend pre-existing boundaries of nations (real or imagined, psycho or social) creating new spatial logic of flows (Castells 1996). In this new space, new possibilities flower, as identities are re-negotiated. This is akin to the manner in which the literary device of magic realism creates an axis of multiple planes of existence to collide in a constellation of paradoxes that allows for the conception of alternative realities and perceptions.

Sukumar Bose

It is in this frame of a new space that I seek to address the project at hand: artist Sukumar Bose (1912-1986) whose works meander through colonial, postcolonial India, and a neocolonialist sojourn into Southeast Asia. Born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in 1912, Bose was trained under the illustrious artist, Asit Kumar Haldar (1890-1964) who was one of the more renowned art educators and fresco specialists of colonial India. He was principal at the artist colony of poet and Nobel-laureate Rabindranath Tagore in Santiniketan near Calcutta and subsequently at the Government Art College in Lucknow in the early 1900s. The ethos and vocabulary of Haldar and his association with the style of the Bengal School was deeply etched in the grammar of Bose’s craft and aesthetics. At a young age of twenty, Bose embraced a teaching career in art in Delhi and there began a sojourn into an artist-educator’s journey through colonial to postcolonial India. His sojourn brought him closer to the doors of colonialism through the friendship, support and patronage of Lord and Lady Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India in pre-independent India, which fueled his growth as an artist. So much so, that his paintings formed part of the late Mountbatten’s private collection at Broadland House, Romsey in Hampshire in the United

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Kingdom. Lady Mountbatten’s patronage played an instrumental role in shaping Bose’s place as an artist giving it exposure through exhibitions, acquisitions and commissions. Bose was appointed Curator of Paintings at Viceroy House (now known as Rashtrapati Bhavan or the Presidential Palace) in Delhi from 1945 to 1972, a position that he straddled through pre- and postcolonial India placing him at the heart of nationalism and independent India. Having exhibited worldwide including a commission by the Vatican to paint a mural in 1950, Bose was awarded India’s highest cultural award, the Padma Shri in 1970 for his service to art and India. Through his works one would instance an artist’s narrative of the world he experienced, the culture that his art brings with it, and the interlocutions it could potentially provide the reader. The purpose of this essay is not to undertake a comprehensive study of his art—as art historians would do— but to locate his works within moments of history (where ideas of journeying, encounters with the unknown, hybridization, socio-political anxieties coalesce) and tease out identities and principles that are challenged, questioned and probed. The intent is to be purposive rather than comprehensive and the following section will briefly map key nexus points of Indian art history. This is to trace the influences on the art of Sukumar Bose.

Historical Setting History asks us: what manner of cause are we? Are we uncompromising, absolute, strong, or will we show ourselves to be timeservers, who compromise, trim and yield? —Salman Rushdie, Satanic Verses (1988) Facing Page (Detail) Soliloquy, 1980s

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Pencil Drawing, 9.8 x 7 in.

That contemporary recording of history is re-membered, visualized

Private Collection

and legitimated in written form causes one to easily forget that history

the art of sukumar bose

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has always had an omniscient presence in oral, aural and visual forms. The arts of India continue to celebrate these myriad possibilities of history while withstanding and acculturating multiple infusions from external cultures, peoples and their histories over the centuries. This mistakenly allows for many to think that India is a slow moving continent. But alas, it is the opposite. The acculturation is a slow but deeply engaging democratic process that deepens every drop of history’s kindness and unkindness thereby bringing India and its people closer to their selfrepresentation and meaning-making process. History, through the visual arts, has served to catalogue events and is an important tool to remember the ancient and contemporary times; for example, colonial conquests involved the scrutiny of the socio-cultural domain of a particular society through ethnographic drawings of artists. I am reminded of the artists who followed Sir Francis Drake (1550-1596) in mapping customs, traditions and ways of living; inter alia mapping the world. Similarly, as the colonial adventures of the British East India Company broadened to encapsulate capitalist and foreign policy interests in the late 1700s, these interests led to the documentation of the experiences and encounters of thousands of expatriates living and working in South Asia. As Marika Sardar (2004) adds, “as they travelled through the country and encountered unusual flora and fauna, stunning ancient monuments, and exotic new people, they wanted to capture these images to send or take home. Whereas the modern tourist would rely on his camera for such a task, eighteenth- and nineteenth-century travellers had to hire Indian painters to do the job. The works produced by these artists, undertaken in a European style and palette, are known collectively as ‘Company’ paintings.” In addition, professional artists from Britain such as William Hodges and Thomas and William Daniell, trained in European landscape painting, illustrated their experiences and narrativized their visualization of cities, villages, temples, mosques, palaces

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and more picturizing India for Europe (Mathur 2007, p.12). Sardar found that different Indian cities from Calcutta to Benares to Madras produced works that were “distinguishable by style” and found strong enthusiasm and patronage amongst colonial civil servants such as Lord Impey, the chief justice of the High Court from 1777 to 1783, the Marques Wellesley, who served as governor-general from 1798 to 1805 and Lord and Lady Clive who were stationed in Madras from 1798 to 1804. Just like the firm patronage of Lady Edwina Mountbatten of artist Bose, colonial patronage provided numerous Indian artists opportunities to partake in the visual arts business of exhibitions, acquisitions and commissions. In the late 1800s, the British were instrumental in setting up educational institutions in India immediately after the English language was made the language of law courts and administration in 1835. Following the establishment of three universities in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras between 1954 and 1857, a series of arts schools were set up as part of its colonial enterprise to perpetuate education to its subjects. Vinayak Purohit (1988) in his seminal two-volume book, Arts of Transitional India: Twentieth Century, 1905-1985 asserts that the intent of setting up arts schools was to expiate guilt of destroying Indian manufacturing and that they were modeled after Marlborough House. Purohit quotes Charles Trevelyan’s 1853 comment: I would make the Marlborough House a model for a college of art. Art is taught there systematically. I would establish an institution at Calcutta on that model. There is a peculiar call upon us to give the natives of India all the advantage in the cultivation of the arts, which it is in our power to give, for in order to favour our own manufacturers imported into India and partly by levying a heavy duty upon Indian manufacturers imported into England, in addition to the natural manufacturing superiority of England, we have by these means swept

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away great branches of manufacture and have caused great distress in India. Consequently I consider that we owe a great debt to India in this respect and that it is specially our duty to give our Indian fellowsubjects every possible aid in cultivating those branches of art that still remain to them. (Purohit 1988, pp. 603-31)

Purohit notes that three key objectives of starting arts schools—reviving industries, training professional craftsmen and improving public taste—saw the prompt establishment of public art schools in Madras (1854), Calcutta (1854), Bombay (1857) and Lahore (1878). The Madras School of Art, which was originally founded as a private arts school in 1850 and repurposed as the former, shared similar founding objectives with the Government School of Design in London which was established in 1837 and subsequently renamed Royal College of Art in 1896; “the former was founded to improve the taste of the native people as regards beauty of form and finish in the articles in daily use amongst them and the Madras school was started in recognition of the need for extending the knowledge of the arts and the principles of design among the people and to encourage the direct application of the arts to industry” (Purohit 1988, p. 639). This proliferation of art schools saw a tremendous flow of European styled art emerging with its ethnographic detailing and naturalistic representations providing an environment for active learning of art. Geeta Kapur observes that this emphasis on active learning through a “pedagogy for oil and easel painting based on life drawing” had a grave impact on the future of the development of art as this “formed the academic criteria for and against which subsequent movements in Indian art developed” (Kapur 1993, p. 29). While this proliferation was politically, historically and aesthetically problematic, it enabled a wellspring of Indian artists who were able to use it as a vehicle to give voice to their identities and self-representation, which was being suffocated by colonialism.

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the art of sukumar bose

Amidst this confusing creative environment located in the harsh realities of colonialism, emerged Raja Ravi Varma (1848-1906) a prince from Travancore, Kerala. Self taught, he mastered the European tradition and turned it around to focus on painting indigenous subjects drawn from epic and mythical traditions such as the Mahabharata and Ramayana of India bringing “on par native Indian with Greek and Christian representations of its classical past” (Kapur 1993, p. 28). Renowned Indian art history scholar, Partha Mitter (2006) observes that the success of Varma’s works was simply because “Indians were moved by the melodramatic and the sentimental, a predilection to be found in full measure in Varma. Almost all his compositions, apart from formal portraits, bore sentimental captions in the salon tradition…Varma was unrivalled in his strategy for re-creating a romantic past…” (Mitter 2006, pp. 169-70). Both Europeans and Indians alike consumed Varma’s work quickly entrenching his aesthetic as being ‘of Indian’ into the everyday life of India. For the former, an up and coming bourgeoisie, his works represented the colour and texture of India and for the latter, he was producing a counter hegemonic system to the ground realities of that time. Varma started a lithographic press in Bombay in 1894, at his own expense, to print his alluring paintings in large numbers to make them accessible to a buying marketplace thereby facilitating the commercialization of Indian art. Mitter cites poet Rabindranath Tagore who says, “in my childhood, when Ravi Varma’s age arrived in Bengal, reproductions of European paintings on the walls were promptly replaced with oleographs of his works” (Mitter 2006, p. 169). But Varma’s style was not without its critics. Parallel to the Madras School of Art, a vanguardism in art was playing itself out in Calcutta in reaction to the western modes of teaching and the proliferation of Varma’s style of art, which was deemed to have emulated colonial models of western aesthetic. EB Havell an English art teacher and superintendent at the Calcutta School of Art together with

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artist, Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951)—nephew of Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore—resisted the western art education and encouraged the teaching of the Mughal style of paintings as being more true and responsive to Indian art and an Indian style of painting (Mitter 2007). If colonial discourse on art was a form of periphrasis to subjugate the subject, the Bengal School style—as it was collectively known—was set to stage a reconnaissance of this endeavour. This movement was deemed a “renaissance” (Kapur 1993, p. 30) contributing significantly to rising nationalism in India. Tagore in his resistance to western modalities to art, engaged with other forms of aesthetic developments in East Asia, namely China and Japan. This engagement lent itself to a growing aspiration for a pan-Asian model of art and increasingly an oriental aesthetic was emerging alongside Indian art aesthetics in works of art. The Bengal School mode of practice produced numerous artists who were served to found modern art in India. These include, in particular, Gaganendranath Tagore, Asit Kumar Haldar, MA Rahman Chughtai and Nandalal Bose. Their works highlighted India’s complex relationship with tradition, colonialism, modernity and nationalism and types of answers that could be arrived at for a postcolony. But amidst this, in 1901, Rabindranath Tagore founded Santiniketan, an artist collective, centred on investing in Indian folk and traditional literary and artistic endeavours. This became an important site for artists to gather and hone their ideas about art, ideology and self-representation. Nandalal Bose (1883-1966), star student of Abanindranath Tagore, led the Kala Bhavan (art school) in the early 1920s taking the ideas of his teacher one step further by systematizing an art curriculum that drew from “oriental influences and included aesthetics and drawing techniques taught by visiting teachers from China and Japan” (Kapur 1993, p. 32) while eschewing western techniques. The outcome of such a curriculum is a signification that has had a far-reaching impact on the psyche of Indian society and its engagement with tradition. The curriculum provided a possible new aesthetic for Asia that can be

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said to have a seedling in the art of Nandalal Bose. This new aesthetic embedded itself in the works of his students and their students but more so, contributed significantly to a cultural identity that was emerging as a response to colonialism and leading to independence. One of the most important artists to emerge in this milieu, though not part of the collective, was Jamini Roy (1887-1972). Regarded as the “father of folk renaissance” his works were considered the most “radical expression of local identity in opposition to the Pan-Indian historicism of the Bengal School” (Mitter 2007, p. 100). Though he did not agree with the ethos of the Bengal School, he found affinity in areas of cultural authenticity arising out of his own rural background. Partha Mitter who undertook one of the more comprehensive studies of Roy proclaims that his style radicalized the indigenous and the primitive found in Indian and colonial art through a formal pictorial language which exuded a stark monumentality to it and in so doing, sari-clad women, madonnas, village dances and domestic animals become iconic (Mitter 2007, p. 112). Mitter saw his works as a political act—an act to question the meaning of artistic integrity by aligning art to artisanship and so doing, embarking on a heroic search for an authentic Indian art—stark, austere and simple. I want to conclude this section with a brief sojourn into the Bombay Progressive Artists’ Group (1947). A critical response to the Bengal School’s protocol of engagement with nationalism was the founding of PAG in 1947 by renowned and celebrated modern Indian artists such as Francis Newton Souza, Maqbool Fida Husain and Syed Haider Raza. These artists felt that the mere embrace of Indian vocabulary was limited and restrained art from moving forward. Rebecca Brown points out that many of the artists involved in the PAG were trained at Sir JJ School of Art which was established in the 1930s by the British to further the teaching of contemporary movements in European art from “colours of Henri Matisse, the cubism of Picasso and the symbolism of Paul Klee or

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Joan Miró” (Brown 2009, pp. 12-13). Not to shy away from negotiating the paradox of modern India, they were determined to confront with the modern in keeping with the internationalism that a newly independent India was surrounded with. By forcefully engaging with European and Indian forms—from abstract expressionism to post-impressionism to cubism—the PAG heralded what art historians call Indian Modernism. But the artists of the PAG were not blind emulators for they were constantly rubbing the twin heads of socialist art and formalism inherent in western art thereby bringing a more personal and reflexive element to their works that lent to their identity and self-representation in a particular place, time and history. This definitive approach of the PAG had huge reverberative impact on the art of India thereafter. Their impact cannot be undermined as many of the key artists continue to influence the art market well into the twenty-first century.

Locating Bose It is not the object of the story to convey a happening per se…rather it embeds it in the life of the storyteller in order to pass it on as experience to those listening. It thus bears the marks of the storyteller much as the earthen vessel bears the marks of the potter’s hand. —Walter Benjamin, The Storyteller (1968)

The work of Sukumar Bose remains uncharted and trapped in the annals of history. In looking at discovering his work, the viewer’s eye is invited to locate narratives through traces of texture, grammar, framing, composition and even title to link to the possible record of ideas. Bose travelled well across the history of his country. His works provide an ancient sensibility of a nomadic longing of sojourners who seek for a transcendental idea. But this sensibility is predicated on the development

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of art in India as encapsulated by the works of his peers and generation of artist-ideologues such as Abanindranath Tagore, Asit Kumar Haldar and Nandalal Bose. His landscape paintings, village life paintings and portraits reveal a strong adherence to realism, human connection and place within nature’s ecosystem revealing a strong rooted pedigree in the colonial art educational system. Yet these works breathe an aesthetic allegiance to the Bengal School: a testament to his teacher’s works. An incisive study of his work undertaken by art historian Nuzhat Kamzi, in this book, foregrounds the place of the techniques that Bose utilizes to develop, characterize and romanticize the world he saw. For example, in a portrait of an indigenous Santhal tribeswoman from rural Bengal, an ethereal feel (reminiscent of the Ajanta-Ellora cave paintings, which was of research interest to Haldar) of tradition fast losing its edge to colonialism—and

Above (Detail) Landscape, 1980 Watercolour, 29 x 22 in. Private Collection

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the modernity it brought along with it—finds a place in Bose’s portrait through a light opacity that signifies the muted realism of the land. Signs that are quickly identifiable as tribal are interjected with alienation. Yet there is a ‘primitive’ simplicity being met at the edge of modernity. Rabindranath Tagore led this primitive simplicity against urbanization and rural Bengal and its inhabitants were admired for their innocence removed from colonialism. This led the way for a new wave of ruralism in Indian art against the gaze of European aesthetics (Mitter 2007, pp. 29-33). Bose’s work lodges itself in this wave. There is much silence in this portrait; perhaps a silencing experienced between the transnational exchange between tradition and modern, urban and suburban, life and death: a slow bleeding of selfhood. But therein lies a story, a narrative. Scholars (Dehejia 1998; Brown 2009) agree that the visual storytelling is a distinctive feature of Indian art. Though not exclusive to India, narrative structures have aided the perpetuation and critique of epics, historical events, autobiographies, mythologies (Hindu, Christian and Buddhist), personages, etc. through the works of artists from Raja Ravi Varma, Jamini Roy, MF Husain to modern-day storytellers such as Atul Dodiya and Gigi Scaria. In Asia, this feature aligns itself with the more representative forms of social realist art found in Southeast Asia. However, narrative forms in art are sites of contention, socio-political awareness and recording of history and evidenced through interweaved idioms drawn from indigenous references. Visual storytelling in India is further fuelled by Sanskrit aesthetic theory of Rasa as developed through the ancient times by sage Bharata whose treatise on the performing arts, the Natya Sastra (written between 200 bc and 200 ad) outlines the nine rasas or human emotions each attributed with a colour (aura) and a hindu deity. The nine guiding rasas are: Sringaram (Love/ white/Vishnu); Hasyam (Laughter/white/Pramata), Raudrum (Fury/ red/Rudra); Karunyam (Compassion/grey/Yama); Bibhatsam (Disgust/

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blue/Shiva); Bhayanakam (Fear/black/Kala); Viram (Heroic/yellowish/ Indra); Adbhutam (Wonderment/yellow/Brahma); and Santam (Peace/ perpetual white/Vishnu) (Goswamy 1996; Vatsyayan 1996). These principles of rasa are further subdivided into bhavas or expressions to give further texture to the microscopic twitches of human emotions. While this precise codification of human expressions and behaviour can be formalistic, hermetic and restraining, its pervasive centrality in everyday Indian life including religion, social life, popular culture and the arts especially cinematic arts cannot be undermined. Its place in visual and colour studies are equally and, more importantly, critical to any visual narrativity. Narrative structures expressed in a nuanced play of magic realism are an integral part of Bose’s aesthetic. Magic realism, a device of creating a transcendental quality to fictional imagining, often conjures the funny and fearful; melodramatic and real; and the productive and counterproductive to reveal that which is there – yet unknown, unspoken. It is at once a play (lila), an illusory moment (maya) and a discovery giving voice to that which is not represented. Popularized by postcolonial novelists such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Salman Rushdie, magic realism has been a useful devise for re-claiming cultural representation from colonial representation worldwide from South America, West Indies, Africa, and India to Australia. Its potency is in its ability to unravel the weaves of social, political and cultural structures and knowledges that are often taken for granted and assumed as appropriate. Postcolonial theorist Stephen Slemon writes that “in the language of narration in a magic realist text, a battle between two oppositional systems takes place, each working toward the creation of a fictional world from the other” and the “real social relations of post-colonial cultures appear, through the mediation of the text’s language of narration, in the post-colonial magic realist work” (Slemon 1988, pp. 11-12). But more important the

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play with binary logic and triptych logic of the physical-metaphysicalself is constantly at hand but never quite the same: thereby magic realist texts “tend to display a preoccupation with images of borders and centres, and to work towards destabilizing their fixity” (ibid). Magic realism, in Bose’s art, plays on multiple planes of axis conjuring distinctive worlds in paradoxes that allows for the conception of alternative realities and perceptions. Magic realism’s usefulness often extends into visual language facilitating the artist to establish a more reflexive reality than conventional illustration. This also allows for a piece of art to not invoke the fantastical as a trope but rather maintain integrity to the narrative. In this regard, Bose’s Christian nativity paintings, Radha-Krishna and Buddha paintings (see chapter by Sinniah) function as allegories of iconic Indian imaginary of an authentic tradition located with its indigenous mythology of love, piety and spirituality. His grand masterpiece, Sir Thomas Roe at the Mughal Court of Emperor Jahangir (watercolour, 1976) stands out in this realm. Nuzhat Kazmi, in the ensuing essay, eloquently studies the masterpiece which had taken ten years to complete. Started in India, it was completed in Singapore where Bose shuttled to spend time with his son and grandchildren for about fifteen years throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Invoking the seventeeth century Mughal emperor Jahangir’s engagement with the western world of Sir Thomas Roe, the work is a paradox. A paradox of painterly ingenuity of making watercolour seemingly look like oil with a quizzable curiosity as to Bose’s obsession to paint a historically specific piece of narrative in the 1970s. Drawing strong resonance to realist stylisation and Mughal miniature paintings, this paradox is reflexive of Bose’s own culmination of his colonial, postcolonial and diasporic condition of movement in Facing Page Portrait of a Tribal Woman (Muna Bai), 1936

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and out of space and time. Bose’s re-visualization of the primal scene

Oil , 21 x 25 in.

(Roe meeting Jahangir) produces a double meaning where the native/

Private Collection

foreign, aristocract/merchantilist and subject/object binaries are teasingly

the art of sukumar bose

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played out and one cannot but extrapolate Bose’s own transient sojourn (like Roe’s) into a new land, space and culture—an inner reflection of self-representation through the lens of the past—and the need to study, objectify and contextualize the new experience. The new experience for Bose is Southeast Asia – a place that has an equally fecund history of Above (Detail) Nativity I, 1940 Watercolour Collection of Modern School, New Delhi, India

colonial and postcolonial interventions. A brief description of the context of Southeast Asia and, in particular, art in Singapore is necessary as it informs and shapes the later works of Bose.

Singapore Sojourn

Sukumar Bose arrived in Singapore in the early 1970s. Motivated to spend time with his children and grandchildren upon retirement, he quickly embraced the multicultural values of a newly birthed modern society; a condition that he was not entirely unfamiliar with having straddled colonial and postcolonial India. He painted extensively while

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intimating himself with the island of Singapore through conversations with artists, painting sessions at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts and walking through the streets of Singapore. He travelled Southeast Asia visiting particularly Malaysia, which became a rich source of inspiration. He mounted two exhibitions in Singapore in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It is useful to contextualize Bose’s newfound environment, which while, on one hand, will explain the ease with which he was able to adapt in a foreign land and on the other hand, identify motivations that gave rise to his deeply rich abstract and conceptual works. Southeast Asia, a composite of ten countries with diverse cultural and linguistic histories, is not alien to India for it has been a site of economic conjugation since 100 ad when Indian traders and fleeing Indian royalties from the eastern coast of India (Hsu 1999) alongside Chinese traders and travellers began their journeys engraving their marks on the Southeast Asian cultures. The Sanskrit language began to impress its influence on the linguistic make up of the region while the more pronounced influence came from the Indianized Javanese Kingdom of Majapahit in the early fourteenth century. The fifteenth century Southeast Asia is watermarked by the spread of Islam with the meteoric rise of the Melaka Sultanate on the west coast of Malaya. Intertwining political and economic realities saw the cultural landscape shifting from one of Hinduism to Islam and has remained so till today. The following centuries saw the increased European (Portuguese, Dutch, French and British) visitation and colonization become a major business nexus between India and China. Like India’s colonial enterprise of introducing art schools, Southeast Asia too saw its fair share of such establishments in each of the countries, some starting as early as the nineteenth century (Philippines and Thailand) whilst others much later in the early and middle of the twentieth

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century (Malaysia and Singapore). But the common thread was a culturally specific and considered relationship to the embrace of western art form. Art historian John Clark observes that, “in Southeast Asia, realistic European oil painting was not connected with the strong pictorial discourse of China and Japan, each of which had developed parallel art theoretical or poetic criticism” (Clark cited in Chou-Shulin 2010, p. 248). But any attempt at articulating a collective aesthetic for Southeast Asia—premised on geography, language and history—is challenging and to say the least a futile exercise. The influence of more than three centuries of colonial presence could forgive all who “surmise that Southeast Asian artists are, in a sense, more thoroughly (classically) westernized” (Chou-Shulin 2010, p. 253). From the Philippines to Singapore one would find the strong language of western realism being pervasive. But with the evolution into postcolonialism, political upheavals and industrialization, this language of realism has undergone a phantasmatic transformation to being an Asian stylistic form. In Singapore, art historian TK Sabapathy dates the possibility for a modern art history at 1937 when a few China-born artists and enthusiasts set up the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts (NAFA) – the first art institution in British Singapore/Malaya. NAFA was a hothouse for many artists: particularly, the affectionately known Nanyang pioneer artists – Cheong Soo Pieng, Chen Chong Swee, Chen Wen Hsi, Liu Kang and Georgette Chen. The parallel to the modern Indian art movement cannot be closer especially with that of the Progressive Art Group in Bombay. Drawing from the Chinese painting and School of Paris traditions, these artists in Singapore were adept in exercising styles from both these traditions. They were very much part of the regenerative art movement of the 1920s and 1930s in China, particularly in major cities like Shanghai and Guangdong where artists aggressively sought to redefine Chinese art from the clutches of traditional art (Sabapathy 1987). According to Michael Sullivan, “the

Facing Page (Detail) Creation Series, c. 1970s Oil on Canvas, 92 x 123 in. Private Collection

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Chinese artists were more at home with Western art than their predecessors; they had greater skill at using it, and were able to adapt more freely to their own expressive needs…it seemed that a new Chinese painting, native in spirit, contemporary in theme, borrowing techniques freely from East and West, was about to take root…” (Sullivan quoted in Sabapathy 1987). As with the Bengal School and Progressive Art Group, tradition, nativity and modernity framed the works of the Nanyang artists who were preoccupied with the newfound land. A trip to the Indonesian island of Bali in 1952 by some of the Nanyang artists became a turning point for them as the full realization of the importance of self-representation through the landscape of Southeast Asia was integral to surviving and forming a cultural identity. The seamless innocence of integrating rural life, ritual and art in this staunchly Hindu island set the tone for the future of modern art of Southeast Asia. That Southeast Asia is a confluence of cultures and identities prepares it to be a battleground for aesthetic traditions from the west, China, India and the intra-Southeast Asia (Chou-Shulin 2010). I have argued elsewhere (Purushothaman 2004) that despite the heterogeneity in styles, themes and experiences, the Bali travel encapsulates an orientalist ritual of encountering “the journey, the history, the fable, the stereotype, the polemical confrontation. These are the lens through which the Orient is experienced and they shape the language, perception, and form of the encounter between East and West” (Said 1979, p. 58). The Nanyang artists foregrounded a hermeneutic cultural inscription of Southeast Asia and Singapore which cannot be ignored (Kwok 1996) as there was a want to capture the essential physical moment (ritual, landscape and hope in a new land) as opposed to the study of subjectivity. But if western art education was a civilizing force of the colonial subject, then just as the Progressive Art Group, the Nanyang artists pose a conundrum where what their art reveals, contextualizes and historicizes is privileged over what it conceals, decontextualizes and erases. As a narrative structure,

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social realism in art presents itself as natural rather than cultural – an unencumbered product of, or reflection of an innocent Southeast Asian reality. It masks the discursive power of the cultural context. In the 1970s a group of artists in Singapore trained in the West and known as the ‘second generation’ artists (Anthony Poon, Thomas Yeo, Teo Eng Seng, Ng Eng Teng, Goh Beng Kwan) were preoccupied with notions of self, identity and place, which was particularly significant in a time of nation building. The formal breakdown between twodimensional and three-dimensional works coupled with a greater degree of conceptual abstraction marked the works of these artists. Through abstraction and conceptualisms, these artists began a cultural critique of an overtly industrializing Singapore. Equally important in this time was the adventurous developments in the Chinese ink tradition by artists such as Tan Swie Hian, Tan Oe Pang and Henri Chen who rooted to create syncretized art derived from the marriage between traditional practices and western abstract expression. This became emblematic of a Southeast Asia searching for fresh avenues to the unnatural process of multiculturalism – of bringing people together within a sociopolitical framework. Invoking Asian, especially Chinese, traditions (akin to the Bengal School’s attempt at a pan-Asian stylistic) through subject matters such as landscape, animate beings in nature e.g. birds and flora and fauna; materials such as rice paper and scrolls; and techniques of design, these artists, created a new art for Singapore and Southeast Asia; an art that was not afraid to express and acknowledge the polyvocality of the region and the tribulations of a rapidly urbanizing Southeast Asia. As Constance Sheares (1989) remarks, these did not have a “particular style but a new aesthetic attitude and new way of perceiving their world. This does not mean that they have rejected their links with their past. Deliberately or unconsciously, they continue to draw inspiration from centuries of cultural tradition.”

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Bose’s art took a creative turn in Singapore. His works started to move toward nature and the abstract, both thematics very much in the air of Southeast Asia as earlier propounded. Lithe, fluid and dreamlike colours present themselves in shapes, forms and symbols while lines, textures and composition play the narratival role in expanding on the imaginary as an aesthetic form. This is in keeping with the resistive movements in art, Above

where artists find a turn in their work that allows them to break free from

(Detail) Creation Series, c. 1970s

the prison house of traditional artistic language. Rhythmic flow between

Oil on Canvas, 92 x 123 in. Private Collection

cultures was thematically evident in the later works and they drew a strong resonance to Chinese ink painting. His acquaintance with the celebrated

Facing Page (Detail) Reflection (Creation Series), c. 1970s

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Singaporean Chinese ink and calligraphic artist, Tan Swie Hian and the

Oil on Canvas, 93 x 123 in.

exposure to the Nanyang group of artists furthered his exploration of the

Private Collection

aesthetic of Chinese ink. This seemed to have unlocked a moment of

the art of sukumar bose

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history that resided deep in his subconscious: the development of a panAsian ideology and aesthetic that the Bengal School artists were seeking to inculcate. His sojourn into Southeast Asia brought him closer to this realisatory possibility as his canvases remain a vigil to the Indian hope.

Conclusion

In a complex globalized world, the nature of life and lived experience, contemporary and tradition, original and authentic are deliberated much more commonly through everyday life, academic scholarship and business. The re-invention of the nomadic tribes into modern-day tourists and the exploratory seafarers into modern-day economic expatriates have broken down borders and boundaries, imagined or real, beyond the concept of a nation, a country. It is a paradox that one is identified ethnically but the world of commerce identifies the employee. Despite a nose-bled world post 9/11 terrorism causing recoil of all things global, today it is difficult to categorize the nature of the local and the international as many cultures crisscross formulating new identities and paradigms that now operate on the level of the transnational. In this site of the transnational, binaries and categories flounder for a place in the imaginary to assert identity formation around principles of what some might deem as Habermasian, inclusivity, stability, clarity, rationality instead of a principle predicated on bonding built through heterogeneous association and self-discovery. The world that we experienced in the late twentieth century and continue to experience is one of flows—drawing from Manuel Castells’ theory (1996)—creative, economic and imaginative facilitated by technology, travel and personal preferences. This is unlike the colonial endeavour, which was motivated by discovery, conquests and commerce. Interpersonal networks organized around the family, profession or leisure continue to be key driving flows for contemporary societies. Unlike

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Castells, Hardt and Negri (2001) saw the emergence of hybrid identities, flexible hierarchies and plural exchanges in a transnational space where power structures were deterritorialized. I am cautious not to over extend Hardt and Negri’s thesis beyond the scope of its contribution to Castell’s theory but acknowledge that contemporary society is primarily driven by foreign policy and commerce much more than the ability of technology to connect people. But the idea of deterritorialized structures cannot be more evident than in activities such as flash mobs taking place in cities around the world energized by the power of technology and networks. But within this system, how does contemporary history find its place? What then happens to art and its faithful attendant beauty? Indeed, this is an odd question for a book that documents the life of an artist, his works and legacy and privileges context and historicity over the beauty of the art. It is convenient to delineate, distinguish or partisan the two and give pride of place not to history but to provenance. But this rumination through the selectivity of Indian art historiography and placing Bose within its topography is to appreciate the difficulty in dividing the aesthetic and the historical; the abstract and real; and the everyday and mythical in Asian societies that continue to desire an ‘authentic’ pluralized history of art outside of colonialism. It is this desire that drives the concept of nationalism to embrace plurality (Spivak 2008) and the imagined (Anderson 1983) thereby providing the scope for cultural discourse and self-representation. Bose’s work and legacy add to the texture of this desire.

References Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities. London: Verso, 1983. Adorno, Theodor and Horkheimer, Max. Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Herder & Herder, 1972.

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Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller’. In Illuminations. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York : Schoken, 1968. Brown, Rebecca. Art for a Modern India, 1947 – 1980. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1996. Chou-Shulin, David. “Introduction to the Aesthetics of Southeast Asia.” In Asian Aesthetics, edited by Ken-ichi Sasaki. Singapore: NUS Press, 2010. Clark, John; Maurizio Peleggi, TK Sabapathy; eds. Eye of the Beholder: Reception, Audience and Practice of Modern Asian Art. Sydney: University of Sydney East Asian Studies, No. 15, Wild Peony Pte Ltd, 2006. Clark, John. Modern Asian Art. Sydney: Craftman House, 1998. ———, ed. Modernity in Asian Art. Sydney: University of Sydney East Asian Studies, No. 7, Wild Peony Pte Ltd, 1993. Deane, Seamus. “Imperialism/Nationalism.” In Critical Terms for Literary Study, edited by Frank Lentricchia and Thomas McLaughlin. 2nd Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Dehejia, Vidya. “India’s Visual Narratives: The Dominance of Space over Time”. In Paradigms of Indian Architecture: Space and Time in Representation and Design, edited by GHR Tillotson. London: Curzon, 1998. Goswamy, BN. “Rasa: Delight of Reason.” In Aesthetics in Perspectives, edited by Kathleen M Higgins. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996. Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri. Empire. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001. Hsu, Marcus. A Brief History of Malayan Art. Translated by Lai Chee Kien. Singapore: Millennium Books, 1999. Kapur, Geeta. “A Stake in Modernity: Brief History of Contemporary Indian Art”. In Tradition and Change: Contemporary Art of Asia and the Pacific, edited by Caroline Turner. Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 1993. Kwok, Kian Chow. Channels and Confluences: A History of Singapore Art. Singapore: Singapore Art Museum, 1996. Mathur, Saloni. India by Design: Colonial History and Cultural Display.

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Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Mitter, Partha. Much Maligned Monsters: A History of European Reactions to Indian Art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. ———. “The Artist as Charismatic Individual: Raja Ravi Varma”. In Asian Art, edited by Rebecca M. Brown and Deborah S. Hutton. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. ———. The Triumph of Modernism: India’s Artists and the Avant-Garde, 19221947. London: Reaktion Books, 2007. Purohit, Vinayak. Arts of Traditional India: Twentieth Century, 1905-1985. Volume 2. Bombay: Popular Press, 1988. Purushothaman, Venka. “Acts of Representation: Contemporary Art in Singapore.” In Jamini International Art Journal. Dhaka, July 2004, Vol. 1, No. 4. Rushdie, Salman. Satanic Verses. New York : Viking, 1989. Sabapathy, TK. “Forty Years and After: The Nanyang Artists. Remarks On Art and History”. In New Direction: Modern Paintings in Singapore – 1980-1987, edited by Thang Kiang How, et al. Singapore: Horizon Publishing, 1987. Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. Sardar, Marika. “Company Painting in Nineteenth-Century India”. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, October 2004 (accessed 10 April 2012) Sheares, Constance. Contemporary Art in Singapore: Where East Meets West. Exhibition Catalogue. Singapore: National Museum, 1989. Slemon, Stephen. “Magic Realism as Post-colonial Discourse.” In Canadian Literature 116. 1988. Pp. 9-24. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Other Asias. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. Vatsyayan, Kapila. Bharata: The Natyasastra. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademic, 1996.

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Reproduced from The Art of Sukumar Bose: Reflections on South and Southeast Asia edited by Venka Purushothaman (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg >

History, Memories & Recollections

The Artist, My Father

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The Artist, My Father By Kamal Bose

Recollections By Debashis Bose, Raja Bose & Sujoy Brahma

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The Art of Sukumar Bose

The Artist, My Father By Kamal Bose

Sukumar Bose, my father, was born into a heritage of men and women who had, in their own way, contributed to the social and cultural development of India, both pre- and post-Independence. The Bose lineage, also known as Basu in some parts of India, counts many illustrious figures. Bose’s grandfather, Bipin Bihari Bose (26th generation) moved from West Bengal to Lucknow and established the Bose lineage there. Sukumar Bose was the eldest of the 28th generation of Boses, descendents of one Dasrathi Basu. A discourse into the life and art of Sukumar Bose would not be complete without a journey back in time to unfold stories of his heritage, family and childhood. To this end, I will go back two generations; to the 26th generation of the Bose line, Bipin Behari Bose, Sukumar’s grandfather and my great-grandfather.

The Early Years

Bipin Behari Bose was born in 1852 to a middle-class Bengali family. Sadly, Bipin lost his father when he was only five years old and he spent the rest of his childhood in the care of uncles and other relatives. Bipin was a sickly child, but rather than give in to life’s vicissitudes, his experiences and poor health opened his eyes to the need for compassion. He matured into a man of values and stood firmly by his principles, regardless of convention and prevailing societal sentiment. Industrious

Facing Page Artist at Work Sukumar Bose painting outdoors at the Modern School, New Delhi

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and tenacious, Bipin proved himself a capable man, starting out as a teacher in Varanasi and eventually obtaining a degree in Law. He moved up north to Lucknow where he started and developed a successful legal practice. Sometime around 1871, Bipin married Sarat Kumari. Together, they had six daughters and three sons, one of whom was Sanat Kumar Bose, Sukumar’s father. Even as his professional career flourished, Bipin never lost sight of the importance of nurturing his other talents or giving back to the community. He had a love and flair for art, poetry and music. Bipin was a member of the Indian National Congress from its inception and in 1899, he was part of the organising committee of the Lucknow Congress. To commemorate the event, Bipin published a book entitled Congress Song, which was a collection of his original English poems. Having achieved a certain level of affluence through his legal practice and social networks, Bipin was able to house his family in a sprawling mansion known affectionately as “Bipin Ashram” and which became the centre of intellectual, social and cultural activities in Lucknow. Some of India’s more renowned musicians, poets and dancers often gathered at Bipin Ashram to participate in discourse and to promote the love of Mughal arts and culture. Historians and India-watchers suggest that Urdu poetry, Guzhal and Kathak dance had their roots in Lucknow, which has been compared to Shiraz in Iran, a city well-known for its poets, literature, flowers and wine. As far as giving back to the community was concerned, Bipin deeply understood the importance of nurturing and shaping the lives of young Facing Page Sukumar Bose with his Family

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people through a well-rounded education that focused not only on

With parents, sister, brothers & brother-in-law

academic achievement, but also on the arts, culture and sport. In this

Lucknow, 1925

respect, Bipin had a large role to play in the overall development of

The Art of Sukumar Bose

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The Artist, My Father

the Bengali community in Lucknow. One major achievement in this respect was the establishment of The Bengali Club, which was a hive of activity and bubbled with life. Bipin was also a key patron of Hindu Balika Vidyalaya (Hindu Girls’ School) and on 24 May 1892, Bangla Yuva Samity (Bengali Youth Association) was set up with Bipin as President. Although he was not based in Bengal, Bipin remained a true Bengali at heart and I dare say that my great-grandfather, in his own way, contributed to the progress achieved by the Bengal Renaissance. He was a firm supporter of education and intellectual training for everyone; men and women, boys and girls. A religious Hindu himself, Bipin’s own mindset of openness attracted him to the socio-religious Brahmo Samaj reform movement that is said to have developed in parallel to the Bengal Renaissance. I am of the view that Bipin played a role in furthering the transition of conventional Indian thinking from “medieval” to “modern”. It was in this rich and self-aware environment that Bipin’s children were raised. And the same love for broadness of thought, the arts and community was passed on from Bipin’s children to their children. Sanat Kumar Bose, Sukumar’s father, was the eldest of Bipin’s three sons and six daughters. Sanat Kumar’s wife, Binapani (my grandmother) incidentally was also of illustrious lineage. Her grandfather, Jogesh Mitra, was the first Indian and Bengali judge to have been appointed to office under the British Administration. His brother, Romesh Mitra founded one of Kolkata’s leading girls’ schools, the Romesh Mitra Girls’ School. The two brothers, having made huge contributions in their individual capacities to Kolkata society, had a road named after them. To this day, thousands of commuters continue to ply that road daily. One of Sanat Kumar’s good friends, and a junior partner at Bipin’s law firm, was Atul Prashad. Not surprisingly, Atul, too, was a lover of the

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arts; he was an accomplished singer, songwriter and composer. Some of his pieces are popular even today. Atul became a close family friend to the Boses, including young Sukumar. When Bipin passed away at the fairly early age of 50 in 1902, it was Atul who stepped into Bipin’s shoes, taking over the law practice and leading the Bengali community in Bipin’s place. The social and cultural events continued at Bipin Ashram under Atul’s guidance and Sanat Kumar’s trusted assistance and grew in importance and significance as one of Lucknow’s intellectual, artistic and cultural pulse points. The Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore was one of the many prominent people who shared their brand of intellect and artistry with Lucknow and Bipin Ashram. It is no wonder then that my father, Sukumar Bose, developed an affection for the arts, culture and freedom of thought. His very childhood environment had a profound influence on him. From a young age, he took to painting and clay and wood modelling. But more interestingly, he enjoyed and displayed a clear aptitude for dance and drama. Showing little interest in schoolwork, he channelled his energies instead to learning Kathak—a traditional dance form—from the respected Birju Maharaj family who were close neighbours. Sukumar also picked up the finer points of drama from the famous actor, Pahari Sanyal. Pahari and my father formed a lasting friendship through their fathers and The Bengali Club. Pahari was the son of the owner of Sanyal Civil Contractors that were commissioned with building work in New Lucknow. By the time Sukumar was 15, it was obvious to his parents that their eldest child was not going to follow in the legal footsteps of his family or, for that matter, any conventional profession – academic or otherwise. Although Sukumar’s parents were relatively open-minded and liberal in their thinking for people of their generation, the prospect of Sukumar’s

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The Artist, My Father

pursuing a career in dance or drama did not sit very well with them. Things came to a head when Sukumar was offered by film director, Himanshu Roy, a starring role in a movie opposite one of India’s leading female actors at the time, Leela Chitnis. I imagine that this must have been a very difficult decision for my father to make. But, on the advice and persuasion of his family, Sukumar Above Lucknow College of Arts & Crafts Lucknow Facing Page The Artist as a Young Man

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declined the offer. The role was subsequently given to the young, and eventually huge Bollywood star, Ashok Kumar. A decision was made instead to join the respected Lucknow Art

Sukumar Bose at the age of 19

School, also known as Government Art College. This, I believe, was an

Lucknow, 1931

acceptable compromise for everyone involved. Asit Kumar Haldar, one

The Art of Sukumar Bose

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The Artist, My Father

of India’s more renowned artists of the Bengal School tradition, played an influential role in that decision. Asit Kumar Haldar was a relative and close friend of the Tagore family, and received his art training from another member of India’s ‘art royalty’, Abanindranath Tagore. In 1926, having already established himself as an artist of depth, talent and renown, Haldar moved to Lucknow from Santiniketan to take up the position of Principal at the Lucknow Art School, the first Indian to do so. It was only to be expected that Haldar would befriend the Boses and eventually become a close and trusted friend of the family. He was a regular visitor to Bipin Ashram and Sukumar’s inherent artistic talent and flair did not go unnoticed. Haldar concurred with Sukumar’s parents that Sukumar’s talents could be better nurtured at the art school, under Haldar’s personal supervision. And so it began. The decision to join the Lucknow Art School marked the start of Sukumar Bose’s lifelong journey into art as a passion and profession.

Coming into his Own: Art, the Passion

Under the tutelage of Asit Kumar Haldar, the young Sukumar Bose saw his raw talent and energy blossom into a style of his own. His work took on breadth as well as depth, yet always adhering to the traditions of realism and technique, the core of the Bengal School’s form of teaching and practice. With childhood roots in wood and clay modelling, Sukumar made a natural progression to sculpture, in addition to painting. Recognising that he was a student of promise, Haldar encouraged Sukumar to participate in art competitions and exhibitions to gain experience

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and confidence. I am proud to say that, even as a student, my father won praise for his art that he exhibited alongside some of the finest in India. In September 1931, Shadow of Death was named “the best study by a student of an art school” at the All India Competition. Later that year in November, Sukumar’s Misty Morning earned a Certificate of Merit under the Fine Art section of the Mysore Dasare Exhibition. This exhibition showcased more than 500 pieces by artists from across India. Participating in the Mysore Dasare Exhibition for the first time, Sukumar held his own next to talents including Sarada Ukil, SN Swamy and Durga Shankar Bhattacharjee. It was through such successful moments of exposure that my father slowly earned a name for himself as an artist. And it was his magnetic personality that drew so many to him. In 1932, the then principal of the Modern School, Delhi, a Ms Bose, wrote to Asit Haldar in Lucknow requesting a drawing teacher. Haldar responded by recommending my father, who was still only a student at the time. Dutifully, my father made his way to Delhi thinking that he was to teach Art. As it turned out, he was tasked with teaching a Geometrical Drawing class, a subject that my father knew absolutely nothing about. And it was his very candid nature to say so. He explained to Ms Bose his inability to teach the class and even offered to take his leave. But Sukumar’s innate attractiveness and warm personality had already won Ms Bose over and she made a recommendation to the head of the school that Sukumar be allowed to stay and teach Art instead. Aged only 20, Sukumar was appointed art teacher at the Modern School, Delhi, where he taught until 1945. The Modern School was a stalwart institution founded on the British public school model by Raghubir Singh, the only son of Rai Bahadur

At Work Bose, working on a clay model at the Modern School New Delhi, 1939

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The Artist, My Father

Sultan Singh, one of the richest men in Delhi at the time and a wellknown philanthropist. Sukumar and Raghubir Singh established a firm friendship based on mutual respect and trust, and Sukumar accompanied Singh on his many travels around India to meet with other intellectuals who were strongly in favour of an independent India. This included the legendary Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore. Sukumar paid many visits to the celebrated Santiniketan near Bolpur in West Bengal. Sharing the same name as the location, Santiniketan was a hallowed place of intellectual thought started by Tagore. Today, it stays true to its commitment of promoting comprehensive education and is now known as Visva-Bharati University. Above (Detail) Mural at the Modern School, 1936

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Fresco-buono, 20 x 10 ft.

Nothing prepared Sukumar for the intellectual immersion and education

Modern School, New Delhi, India

that he received by virtue of his humble teaching position at the Modern

The Art of Sukumar Bose

School. As a member of staff, Sukumar was deeply involved in the school’s projects and extra-curricular activities. On 28 March 1936, the school inaugurated its Hall of Religion, officiated by Rabindranath Tagore, and a key feature of the space was a large mural painted by my father. The painting lovingly portrays people of obviously diverse ethnicities and religious inclinations moving together as one towards a brightness in the distance, “The Light of Truth”. As Sukumar’s intellectual horizons expanded, so too did his art and his other artistic love, dance. He revelled in the opportunity to relive his passion for the Kathak dance form under the legendary Uday Shankar. He performed when he could in concerts and performances that the Modern School regularly organised, and was lauded for his efforts. Unfortunately, or fortunately, he was compelled to keep his dancing to a minimum because my mother wasn’t particularly enthused by his regular practice sessions, which necessarily involved other ladies. Enkindled by the resurrection of his love for dance and the drive and zeal of the great men and women of India whom he had had the privilege of meeting, he funnelled this energy into his painting, giving voice to the beauty of the everyday, through his depictions of untouched landscapes and the purity of village life. He worked with a variety of subjects such as Indian mythology motifs, landscapes, portraits and studies of village life and animals. Now, life, being what it is—riddled with the good times and the bad, fortune and misfortune, happiness and sorrow—was not all rosy for Sukumar around this time. Two short years after he started teaching at the Modern School, Delhi, Sukumar’s father, Sanat Kumar, passed away. Being the eldest, the responsibility of managing a household and caring for his six brothers, two sisters and widowed mother fell on Sukumar.

The Artist with his Wife Sukumar Bose with wife, Bela New Delhi, 1956

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This was to shape his mindset to the extent that survival was the reason for earning a wage; accumulating wealth was never a motivating factor. Sukumar married my mother, Bela Chaudhury, in 1936. As was customary at the time, it was an arranged marriage. But I dare say that the love bonds that eventually developed between my parents were what held things together even in times of economic hardship and adversity. My maternal grandfather, CC Chaudhury was a lawyer and fairly wellto-do. Given that my father, Sukumar, earned only a modest salary as an art teacher and that he had his siblings and widowed mother to care for in addition to his own young family, my grandfather provided important support. This was especially the case as far as our education Sukumar Bose with Family

was concerned. My father was not fixated on academic success and

With (from left) Bela (wife), Altu (daughter) & Kamal (son)

certainly did not demand that of his children; not me, my younger sister,

New Delhi, 1949

Altu, or the youngest son, my brother Debashish. Our family, therefore, lived comfortably, but we were never wealthy. My father, Sukumar, was neither academically inclined nor did he have much business acumen. My mother, Bela, complemented his traits with her own brand of frugality and prudence. She was also the centre of our universe as we were growing up because my father was doggedly dedicated to his art. Sukumar’s apparent nonchalance about financial matters must have driven my mother to distraction. He was the host with the most, throwing regular soirees at the house, had an excellent eye and taste for fine clothes. Even if they were inexpensive fabrics or casual outfits, Sukumar’s dress was almost never crumpled. He took pride in always looking smart and ironed his shirts using heated kitchen utensils, there being no electrical clothes irons then that we take for granted these days. Ranked a close second to his love for art was his love for good food. The love of food and cooking is a Bose family trait. The

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story goes that when one of Sanat Kumar’s daughters was being prepared for marriage, the would-be groom called at the Bose residence, as was customary, to meet with the potential in-laws. When they arrived, he was busy preparing his signature biryani in the kitchen and could not be distracted from it. Feeling slighted, the visitors complained about Sanat Kumar’s oddly rude behaviour, to which he replied, “If they want to leave, let them leave! I’m cooking my biryani!” Yet, I believe that my mother, Bela, was quietly confident—just as Sanat Kumar was—that, with the right amounts of patience and effort, things would work themselves out. My mother kept the home running and her children safe and cared for. Although my younger siblings and I did not interact with my father very much, I do remember him as being a kind and caring man, husband and father. I would go so far as to say that he was generous in his poverty. I say this because we often had visitors in the house; not just people who would sit and chat for a couple of hours, but friends of Sukumar’s who would actually stay with us. The duration of their visits varied from a few days to several months. So, there were always people in the house, many of whom were artists like my father. The late Shantanu Ukil, a prominent Indian artist and son of Sarada Ukil, and Saradendu Roy were two of the many other colourful characters who lived with us for brief periods. This must have been another thorn in my mother’s side. And being temperamental artistic characters—as the stereotype goes—they painted when they were inspired and did nothing when they were not. An uncle of mine recalls my father leveraging on his influence and friendship with Raghubir Singh to help a childhood friend secure employment, first with the Modern School in a temporary position and subsequently with a good appointment at DCM Mills. Sukumar might not have been the most business-minded or shrewd of persons, but his work ethic was certainly a trait to be respected. He

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was disciplined and industrious. And quite contrary to his outward sociability and open-mindedness, he was a man of strict routine. He woke early in the mornings to paint and do his exercise, had his meals at the same time everyday, and went to bed at the same time each night. In between, he would find time to be a husband and father, teach art and attend art and culture association meetings and events. Whenever she could, my mother, Bela, would sit with Sukumar as he painted, giving him critical wifely support as she quietly did her knitting. Sukumar was also a religious man. With his religious roots in the ideologies of the Brahmo Samaj movement, he practised his religion in private and did not impose his preferences on his family. He encouraged us to be God-fearing individuals and taught by example, but he never forced doctrine on us. Such was the man who, through hard work, belief and passion, captured the attention of art connoisseurs and distinguished patrons as he plied his way across India’s artistic horizon.

Art as a Profession

Sukumar’s commitment to the continued development of Indian art and culture established his standing as an important architect of the country’s artistic and cultural landscape. As an artist, he received the firm patronage of Lady Edwina Mountbatten, wife of the last Viceroy of India, Lord Louis Mountbatten, in pre-Independence India. Several of his paintings form part of the late Mountbattens’ private collection at Broadland House in Romsey, Hampshire, in the United Kingdom. Facing Page

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A Letter of Appreciation

Lady Mountbatten’s patronage and support significantly boosted

Letter from Lady Mountbatten, 1950

Sukumar’s reputation as a credible artist. Through Lady Mountbatten’s

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The Art of Sukumar Bose

network, Sukumar was able to host many successful joint and solo exhibitions in India and, more importantly, to secure more art students and buyers for his artwork. Sukumar did not support the commercialisation of art as a general rule, but he did recognise the need for artists to earn a living. In the years before he met the Mountbattens, Sukumar occasionally received commissions from aristocrats and the upper echelons of Indian society including the Maharajahs. These commissions supplemented his modest teacher’s income. Having earned the respect and admiration of high society, it seemed to be, therefore, a natural progression that Sukumar was appointed Curator of Paintings at Viceroy House—now known as Rashtrapati Bhavan or the Presidential Palace—in Delhi in 1945, a position that he held even after Independence until 1972. His main responsibilities as Curator of Paintings under the Mountbattens were to oversee the acquisition of art pieces and to create murals and frescoes to adorn the walls and ceilings of Viceroy House. With the Governor General

Some time in 1950, a decision was made to have these murals and frescoes reflect a more Indian element. This was fitting seeing as how India had

Bose with Raja Gopalachari, the 1st Indian Governor General New Delhi, 1950.

gained independence just three years prior in 1947. The then speaker of the Lok Sabha, or Lower House of Parliament, Mr. Mavlanker, drew inspiration from the paintings he had seen while on a tour of Europe. The government buildings there typically showcased images that depicted the people’s struggle for independence. Mavlanker consulted with Asit Haldar who highlighted themes from Indian history that could be used as subject matter. A committee under Haldar’s supervision was formed and Sukumar Bose was tasked with implementing the project. Facing Page

Fresco painting is a technical skill that only few artists can be credited with mastering; Sukumar Bose was one of them. One technique known

First Solo Show at AIFACS, 1948 With Lady Mountbatten and the Health Minister, Amit Kaur New Delhi, 1948.

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at the time was the deft application pigment on wet plaster before it hardened and dried. The alternative was to paint on canvas before pasting it on the walls; similar to wallpapering. But this technique is dependent on climate conditions, and Delhi’s extremely hot wet summers and cold dry winters did not permit such pasted-on pieces of canvas to stay up for very long. To resolve this issue, each fresco was divided into several separate panels that were treated with “egg tempera” before any artwork was done. Each panel measured approximately 50 square feet, stretching from the ceiling to about five feet above the ground. Spaces in between these panels were decorated with motifs. With General Cariappa The General at the opening of Bose’s exhibition New Delhi, 1948

It was backbreaking and painstaking work that my father somehow excelled at. I recall watching my father working tirelessly at his murals and frescoes, at times suspending himself horizontally and face-up to the ceilings to paint. Although this new job accorded us a more comfortable lifestyle, my parents did not become more lavish, neither in their spending nor in their outlook. He was wont to maximise the usage of resources be they paint or canvas and often worked on two or more pieces at a time. Yes, the friends still came round to the house to visit and to stay, but my father persisted with his strict daily routine, which I think actually became more rigorous. This was, after all, a position of significance. Sukumar was also responsible for art restoration and preservation and honed his skills in this field with advanced study in the former Soviet Union. His talents here were regularly called upon by the prime ministers and presidents who resided at Rashtrapati Bhavan post-1947. Many

Facing Page Receiving the Silver Shield Award

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of his delicately designed invitation cards, dinner settings and interior

Being honoured by the President of India, Dr. Zakir Hussain

decoration, as well as coats of arms, were valued by illustrious figures

New Delhi, 1969

including Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter Indira Gandhi, and many

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an army commander including General Cariappa who opened one of Sukumar’s solo exhibitions in Delhi in 1948. As my father’s celebrity grew from strength to strength, he continued to make a name for Indian art, not only within the country, but also internationally. In 1950, Sukumar was commissioned by the Venerable Pope Pius XII, head of the Roman Catholic Church at the time, to produce a piece in the Indian style on a Christian subject. This piece, The Nativity – The Birth of Christ is housed at the Vatican. Between 1952 and 1960, Sukumar’s artwork was featured extensively in exhibitions outside of India including the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia, Italy and the former Soviet Union. Several of his more outstanding paintings found their place in Indian embassies and private collections; some pieces were acquired by the governments of Brazil, Egypt and Iraq. One of his religious interpretation pieces, one depicting the life of Buddha, was gifted to Vidayalankar University in Sri Lanka. My father’s many dedicated years of service as an artisan culminated in his being awarded the “Silver Shield” in 1969 by the then President,

The Padma Shri Diploma

Dr. Zakir Hussain, and the prestigious Padma Shri accolade in 1970 by

Signed by the 4th President of India, Dr. VV Giri

President VV Giri. The Padma Shri Award is bestowed on Indians who

New Delhi, 1970

make significant contributions to society and the community in various fields including art, science and culture. When he retired from official duty at Rashtrapati Bhavan in 1972, Sukumar was appointed honorary art advisor to President VV Giri; a position he held until 1974.

Facing Page The Padma Shri Ceremony Receiving the Padma Shri from the President of India, Dr. VV Giri New Delhi, 1970

The Legacy of Sukumar Bose

I am neither an art historian nor celebrated art critic or connoisseur. I am merely a commoner, a regular man who appreciates art. But having done extensive research into my father’s life and his art, I have come

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to learn and understand a little bit more about the art world and its idiosyncrasies, the various styles, forms and movements, and art’s place in the world. I believe that art is an essential part of our lives and society. Along with religion, critical thought and other distinctly human endeavours and pursuits, art defines us as people. Throughout his career as an artist, Sukumar worked tirelessly to further the development of Indian art and culture within the community. He helped to establish the All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society (AIFACS), the precursor to what is today’s state-run Lalit Kala Academy. As an active member of the AIFACS, he was involved in the publication of Roopa Lekha, a bi-annual art journal deemed progressive for its time. He also provided his services as advisor and consultant to several other associaThe Artist in Singapore

tions including the Army Headquarters Dramatic Society and the Board

Bose with his wife, son, daughter-in-law & friends

of Technical Education, Delhi. His involvement with the organisations

Faber Heights, Singapore, 1984

and associations that he helped found and support continued even after retirement. A true artisan, he also continued to teach art and paint. My parents, Sukumar and Bela, lived in Singapore with my family and me intermittently over a period of about 15 years from the early seventies. During this time, I managed to re-establish a bond with my father. He was a true storyteller, and revelled in sharing his experiences of his time at Rashtrapati Bhavan, the people he met and the things he saw. He continued to paint and it was during his semi-permanent sojourn to Singapore that he started experimenting with more modern techniques. For him, Singapore was fascinating for its multi-cultural and multilingual elements. It was also so vastly different from the “chaos” of India. Freed from his duties of managing a household and raising a family, he savoured every minute that he could paint at leisure. He also often commented on how the quality of art equipment in Singapore was vastly

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superior to that in India. Sukumar painted so extensively—I believe he completed close to eighty paintings—that he was able to hold two exhibitions while in Singapore; one around 1976 and the other some time around 1980. A true adventurer, he explored the city on his own, taking long walks and making conversation with fellow artists at the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, including Tan Swie Hian. As a family, we made frequent trips to Malaysia from where he drew even more inspiration for his art; the sandy beaches of Penang, the rich foliage on Fraser’s Hill and the bustling city life in Kuala Lumpur. We had friends and business associates over almost every weekend and Sukumar Bose was often the star of the show. But this didn’t stop him from excusing himself at 10 pm every night to retire to bed. He remained disciplined throughout his life. As I was in the throes of building my own career, history repeated itself in some sense because similar to how I spent quality time as a child with my grandfather, CC Chaudhury, Sukumar indulged in being a benevolent grandfather to my children, Raja and Reena. And for that, I am thankful. The one thing I would like to highlight about Sukumar Bose the artist is his flexibility that never caved in to the style or form of the day. Sukumar, although primarily a classical artist, ventured into modern art by blending old and new techniques. However, he always adhered to academic and classical principles of realism. A product of his education, Sukumar was more of a traditionalist, preferring realism to the more abstract styles of interpretation. Described by The Bombay Chronicle as a “versatile artist”, Sukumar was a firm believer in the learning of technique. To him, anyone who argued otherwise was merely incapable of withstanding “a steady and strenuous physical and intellectual hardship”. In fact, many of the reviews that were written about my father’s work describe him or his

In Singapore Bose (2nd from left) with wife Bela, son Kamal, daughter-in-law Pushpa & his grandchildren Singapore, 1986

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style as versatile. To me, this was an indication that his work could not be pigeon-holed. I believe that the versatility of his work was a product of his multi-faceted talent and his upbringing in Lucknow. The Bose family emigrated from Kolkata to Lucknow about three generations ago. Lucknow is a city of art and culture, particularly Mogul culture. Even before the Lucknow Art College was established by the British pre-Independence, there was a thriving visual art and music scene that boasted local kings and rulers, or the Nawabs, as royal patrons. When Asit Haldar was appointed head of the art college in 1935, he brought with him the influence of the Bengal School, which was superimposed on the existing style that was almost indigenous to the institution. To my mind, Lucknow art is a composite of Mogul, British and the Bengal School traditions, and it is these that give the city and its people their unique versatile quality. It is often said that art reflects life. In the case of my father, Sukumar Wedding Invitation, 1968

Bose, I believe that it was both; his life, too, was a reflection of his art

Invitation from Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, to

– delicate yet strident; simple yet powerful; modest yet flamboyant. He

attend the wedding of Sonia & Rajiv Gandhi

passed away peacefully on 10 November 1986 in Delhi, but his legacy lives on in his prolific collection of paintings and sculpture; the activities that he helped to spearhead in an India striving for cultural progress; the intellectual discourse he participated in with some of India’s finest figures; and the conversations that he had with me, my siblings and our children.

References Aiyadurai, Jesudasen Appasamy. The Christian Task in Independent India. SPCK 1951. “Art Exhibition at Naini Tal - Posters praised; charming presentation of

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Indian life”. The Statesman, 26 September 1931. Bose, Indran. Quiet Flows the River (Beheta Nadi), Story of Bose Family of Lucknow. Kolkata, 1999. Bose, Sugata. His Majesty’s Opponent: Subhas Chandra Bose and India’s Struggle against Empire. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011. “Indian Art”. The Age (Melbourne, Australia), 25 November 1952. Lalit Kala Contemporary. New Delhi: Lalit Kala Academy, 1972. “Paintings by S Bose”. Hindusthan Standard, 28 February 1952. Roopa Lekha. All Indian Fine Arts & Crafts Society, 1979. Singh, Khushwant & Hameed, Syeda S. A Dream Turns Seventy-five. Bombay: Allied Publishers Limited, 1995. “Sukumar Bose’s One-Man Show, Inauguration by General Cariappa”. The Times of India, 28 February 1952. The Times of India Directory and Year Book, 1974.

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Recollection 1 By Debashis Bose

Much has been said about my father as an artist. But I remember that I was always awed by his restoration of old paintings some of which would be more than 100 years old from the palaces of Maharaja of Patiala, Nabha and Pataudi. He would restore them to their original form from pigments drawn from natural sources matching the period when these paintings were painted. I was born in 1955 following several years of gap from my siblings, when my father was working in Rashtrapati Bhavan. As my mother had been unwell since my birth, my father was the one who mostly kept an eye on me, getting me ready for school, packing my tiffin, getting my uniform ready, the entire works. Right from childhood there was a fixed regime in the house. A time was fixed for everything. School in the morning (daily bath was a must be it summer or winter), after return from school in the afternoon lunch, some sleep, out to play in the evenings and home before sunset, study, dinner and then retire for the night. I was not aligned to many of his rules; I broke quite a few. My father was tough and my most grueling ordeals would commence when I returned from the play field. For my sister would have narrated all the things that I had done during the day and there was hardly a day when my father didn’t take me to task. The next day I would take my revenge on my sister and set the ball rolling again. On the other hand, in the days of the hot Indian summers, we would sleep in the open. He would tell me a

Facing Page The Artist’s Residence Sukumar Bose’s quarter in the premises of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi

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story everyday but somehow he would always end the story by showing me the Sapta Rishi, the constellation of seven stars and the North Star. Till today, I recognize these. He was very involved in cultural activities during Durga Puja at Kalibari and also Dussehra celebrations at Hasting Square. Once during the Dussehra festival a few of us were made to wear only shorts and nothing else for a cultural programme in the months of September-October. Painted with plaster of Paris and made to stand still on the stage in a given posture, we maintained our posture until the lights dimmed. As if in cinematic stills we would change our position and the lights would come back on. The audience loved the innovation. In 1962, I enrolled at a DPS school. While I have fond memories of DPS with my friends, my father encouraged me to take up Cubbing and later Boy Scouts, photography (he must have realized I was a disaster at painting) and finally NCC. He would help me practise the reef knot, set up a contact printing lab in a toilet in our house, watch me play cricket and fly kites with me. My father was an outdoor man and would spend whatever time available outdoors, especially in the large kitchen garden attached to our house. He cultivated potatoes, onion, tomatoes, seasonal vegetables like cauliflower and various fruits like mangoes, banana, to name a few. Above

One day, father and son—much to the disdain of my mother—decided

The Artist at Work

to add ducks to our garden. He busied himself by building a duck house

Bose working on the mural at Rashtrapati Bhavan, 1950

with a pond. We went to Jamma Masjid and bought seven ducks and one

Top

kilogram of catfish. We put the catfish in the pond and the ducks in the

(Detail) Mural at Rashtrapati Bhavan, 1950

big enclosure. For a few years after that we regularly had a steady supply of

Fresco-buono

duck eggs. The cultivation of produce segued into my father’s excellence

Rashtrapati Bhavan (Government of India), New Delhi, India

in cooking – especially delicacies such as Dum Biryani, Kachi Biryani, and the Korma, cooked on slow fire. He would dig a pit in the garden for burning charcoal, place the deckchi on top after sealing it with flour and

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then pile on more burning charcoal. By the sounds inside the deckchi he would know when it was done. I have still not been able to master that. The respect my father commanded within the family was tremendous. By family I mean the large extended family circle. My father being the eldest in his generation received the respect of the family from not only his brothers but also his cousins. He would listen to their problems and try and sort them out. Sometimes he reprimanded them like school children, but soon after he would be laughing and talking to them and sharing a hearty meal together bearing no ill feeling. Nobody ever complained. The bonding was firm, and it showed. But the help extended to others. Anybody who came to him with a problem, be it a child’s admission to school, job, or a problem at the workplace he would help to resolve it through his network of respected well-wishers, from royal families to big businesses who revered him. During his last few years he was more like a friend to me. It was then that I realized that beneath the casual outlook that he portrayed, his observational powers of people and the surroundings were something none of the professional institutes could teach. He taught me to appreciate nature. He once told me, however strong or influential you may be, just stand in front of a mountain and the humbling experience will help get things into the right perspective. From him I learnt to be strong, face adversities and to do my duty, not only at work, but also towards family and society. He taught me to be patriotic and value the small things in life. On 10 November 1986 at 6.10 pm my father parted, leaving an indelible impression on all of us.

Debashis Bose is the second son of Sukumar Bose.

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Recollections The Artist, My Father

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Recollection 2 By Raja Bose

I confess to not fully appreciating the significance of my grandfather’s contributions to Indian art. To me, he was just my “Pappu”. I have very fond memories of my interactions with him. He was my best friend, confidant, partner-in-crime and a protector of my important secrets. He was everything one could want in a grandfather: kind hearted, soft and indulgent to a fault, excited about the things that excited me and an ally against those who said no to me. A man of diverse interests, talents and ideas, he loved meeting new people and experiencing new cultures.

Palace Stories

My fondest memories, as a young child, are staying with him and my grandmother, “Mamunni”, at Rashtrapati Bhavan staff quarters where he was curator of art for the President. I remember vividly my walks through the President’s stables where Pappu would tell me stories about each horse. My marvel with the stories and the walks remain etched some forty years on and the clip clop of hooves or the earthy smell of hay and horses transports me instantly to my walks with Pappu. Breakfast in summer mornings in the Rashtrapati Bhavan quarters was set against a luscious landscape of overgrown and magical garden with banana trees, palms and ferns, towering ashoka trees and a duck

Facing Page In Singapore With Raja Bose (2nd from left) and the rest of the family Singapore, 1979

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pond with water lilies and humming birds. Pappu would tell stories of maharajas and kingdoms with talking sparrows and fierce eagles and of their indulgences in sweet papitas and mouthwatering kebabs.

Urban Safaris

I think we unleashed the beast once Pappu started coming to Singapore. He was like a child in a candystore. He literally launched himself at this new world and I can now tell how much of an influence this had on his work. In Singapore, each evening he would dress up in his tailor-made safari suit from Yee Loong Tailors and venture out on an adventure. Meandering through the streets of Singapore he would return with stories of the places he went and people he met and friends he made. He was particularly enchanted with the fast disappearing ‘old Singapore’ and Chinatown. He explored the art shops and marveled at the array, quality and variety of paints and art materials available in Singapore, much of which was imported from Europe and the USA. Almost all of his work in the 1980s was done using paints bought in Singapore and on canvas and paper that I had to lug back from Bras Basah Road.

Work in Progress

I hold a special privilege of watching many of his artworks in Singapore come to life before my eyes and would sit for hours watching him ‘do his thing’. I remember being horrified to see him taking a wonderfully perfect looking painting of a bird at dawn, that he had worked on for a long time, and immerse it in my bathtub full of water. I remember shrieking as the painting bled blue and purple stains on the tub and

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complained to my mother that Pappu had clearly lost it. Only recently, I learned that it was a painterly technique called the Lucknow wash. I was not shy to provide comments and suggestions to him. In one of his Himalayan landscape paintings, I remarked that his original single storey hut would make it difficult for ‘the man’ to see the mountains and suggested that it should have a second storey and a red roof for effect. Pappu obliged and every time I look at that painting now, I smile. His painting of a village girl sitting and waiting always mesmerized me. She was in a state of partial undress and I was rather appalled that one of her breasts was exposed for all to see. I was embarrassed to suggest to Pappu that he ought to preserve her modesty partly because I was fascinated with the feeling that I was looking at something rather naughty. It was heartening to see some of his beach scene paintings take shape during our trips to Malaysia. He always had his sketchpad and I would watch as he sat in the evenings looking out at the sand, sea, coconut trees and bikini-clad girls (a first I believe for the both of us!) and record in charcoal what would later become works of art. Many of Pappu’s works are in the private collection of individuals whom he met in our home in Singapore. He had a special fondness for family friends in Singapore many of whom were my adopted ‘uncles and aunts’, ‘godparents’ and ‘cousins’. He took things to an extreme by giving them most of his most special paintings. Had I realized how special those particular paintings were then, I would definitely have put my foot down and reminded him that blood is always thicker than water and he ‘owed’ me as his favourite grandchild!

Raja Bose is the grandson of Sukumar Bose.

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Recollection 3 By Sujoy Brahma

My uncles and mother called him Pappu, and so did I. It was Pappu who would walk me to my school bus stop each morning. It was a part of his daily routine and this was one routine that I had in common with him. I studied at the Modern School, one of the most reputable schools in India where Pappu was an art teacher in his early years and commanded a lot of respect. My school progress reports would make their way to him both officially and unofficially. Bedtime was a ritual for Pappu. It was always at the same time, and during summer time it was outdoors. In Delhi, even in summer, the night cools off and Pappu enjoyed the habit of sleeping under the stars. I was not a big fan of this, but went along. He would tell me stories that were very interesting and displayed his jovial side. ‘Trips to the moon’ was my favourite. He would describe in detail the journey and what one could find on the moon. As my life progressed into adulthood and career advanced into hospitality, my relationship with Pappu grew stronger as we engaged with conversations about our lives. There was a different relationship that existed between us when I was younger and now that I was a young man. I lost him in November of 1986. I know that there were many unfinished conversations that I wish I had with him. There is an inherent biological

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Recollections

relationship between a grandfather and a grandchild, but the emotional bonding between them comes only with effort. Sujoy Brahma is the grandson of Sukumar Bose.

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Reproduced from The Art of Sukumar Bose: Reflections on South and Southeast Asia edited by Venka Purushothaman (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication be reproduced without Visual Poetry may & Humanism the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg >

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Visual Poetry & Humanism By Rajalingam Sinniah

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Visual Poetry & Humanism By Rajalingam Sinniah

Art is the reflection of the world around us, and our aspirations are expressed on the surface of the earth such as rock paintings or other media such as canvas, metal, wood, and the new media of polymers and electronics. These primordial needs have been expressed by humans from the earliest times in art evidenced by a legacy of cave and rock paintings found in different parts of the world. The relationship of these paintings with the observer is instinctive and understood for their humanism. I am always delighted to discover a work not known to me, and the connection with the art is initially instinctive, and later the intellect attempts to discover the deeper meaning of the artistic expression. In many societies, the young are now taught art history and what constitutes great works of art. There are learned criteria for art appreciation of what is great, either in Western or Eastern art. The expressions may be different as the cultures are varied, but they all express essential truths and complement the beauty of the world cultures. To appreciate one is to love the expressions of all art, and the receptive observer is enriched and exalted by the experience. It is this experience that I gained when I came across the paintings of Padma Shri Sukumar Bose. I became acquainted with Bose and his art through my friend and colleague, Professor Kamal Bose. His father, the artist, filled his house with paintings. I was greatly attracted by the colours and delicacy of lines of these Indian paintings, and on hearing they were the works of

Facing Page (Detail) Soliloquy, c. 1980s Pencil Drawing, 9.8 x 7 in. Private Collection

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his artist father I expressed a great desire to meet him when he next visited Singapore. When I finally met him, I met a gentleman of great delicacy, culture and humility. He sparked my enthusiasm to showcase his work widely and I persuaded him to allow me to assist in holding two successful art exhibitions in Singapore at which nearly all the paintings were sold to eager collectors. To appreciate and understand Bose’s paintings, some knowledge is required of Indian art history because the major body of his work is rooted in the Indian classics, and the history of India. Paintings of ancient India Above (Detail) Landscape, c. 1960s

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are seen in the cave paintings of Ajanta and Ellora and they reflect the

Oil on Canvas, 22x18 in.

visual traditions of India. In recent history the Mughal-inspired style

Private Collection

was to radically change Indian art. A richer tradition was embraced in

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the North, and later with the European School a new art was to evolve, particularly in the Bengal School of Art. The tradition of Indian religious paintings is many centuries old. The Radha-Krishna motif is central to Indian dance, music, poetry and painting. Although in the Bhagavad Gita and in the epic Mahabharata there is near absence of Radha, the influence of the lyric poem Gita Govinda by the 12th century poet Jayadeva was to change all that and make the Radha-Krishna duality the central beloved theme in Indian philosophy and art. The epic rapture of Radha and Krishna, with their loss, longing and reconciliation are both human and divine. The symbolism when Krishna plays the flute is that all living things on Earth and within the Universe listen to the spiritual voice of the Divine. This theme is one of the major subjects in Bose’s works. It is not for Bose to depict the obvious or graphic love paintings of Radha and Krishna as in the paintings from the Gita Govinda series produced around 1780 and ascribed to the first generation painters.

The Author with the Artist Bose with Tan Swie Hian, Madhu & Raja Sinniah

Radha is the divine energy of Krishna without which he would be lustre

Singapore, 1984

less; he is the most beautiful, the succinct and the most lustrous among all beings. In Bose’s paintings, the duality of the Divine as RadhaKrishna is always one of tenderness and radiant beauty, and we are asked to appreciate their spiritual beauty. In the Krishna Leela series, there is the playful Krishna frolicking with the delighted gopis, and the more mature Krishna resplendent in colour and a mature rapture. The blueskinned Krishna and the fair Radha are contrasts of the duality of the Divine in Hindu thought. Bose celebrates them in countless situations and in pristine beauty. Bose’s watercolours are in the style of Abanindranath Tagore and artists under his supervision who came to be called the Bengal School of Art.

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They were followers of Swami Vivekananda who was himself a follower of the Great Ramakrishna. The other renowned artists of this school were Nandalal Bose and K Venkatappa. They rendered the Indian myths and legends in sculpture and painting. The Radha-Krishna and the Rama-Sita motifs in the works of Bose are in the tradition of the great Bengal School of Tagore, and he also is an esteemed artist of this elite school of painters. Bose was a great admirer of Sir William Russell Flint, and like him he was a master in the control of watercolour, which has the richness of oil painting. These influences of the Bengal School are reflected also in the mastery and romanticism of the other great Master painter – Chughtai of the subcontinent in Pakistan. These painters are lyric poets who are masters of design, colour, atmosphere, harmony and sensitivity. They all speak universal truths of beauty, peace, harmony and the human condition. The Meera paintings are a lovely and delicate picture of spiritual surrender to the Divine and they are as lovely as a Madonna by Raphael. The etchings and the murals show great command over lines, and the line drawings are mastery of control, technique and of aesthetic visual beauty. They adorn the great buildings in Delhi where Bose spent his creative years. In style the colours are rich, pure and harmonious. The figures are graceful and range from purely romantic subjects to colours that are subtle and delicate. The ladies are garbed in exquisite ornamentations, the delicacy of the lines with emphasis on the slender fingers and the eyes of radiant beauty. These are in contrast to the serious subjects of the Divine, and of devotees both men and women of many faiths. All have the same Facing Page (Detail) Radha & Krishna, 1949

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graceful and serious atmosphere and are bathed in colour and balance.

Watercolour, 28.5 x 17.7 in.

The Radha-Krishna and the Krishna-leelas and gopis pictures are rich in

Private Collection

throbbing controlled colours, and show expressive draughtsmanship. In

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the background there are the lovely landscapes. They reflect the poems of Jayadeva. Bengal is considered the land of mysticism where the Great Mother – Ganga-Kali unites and destroys and is greatly loved. It seems to have infused the inspirational paintings of Bose, who is himself a distinguished son of Bengal. Many of Bose’s paintings have to be appreciated with the focus of light as the colours are muted, and the figures tend to recede with the darker background. They receive a Rembrandt-like quality of perspective. When the light shines on the paintings, the blended layers of vibrant colours are revealed. The landscapes of Bose are a special visual pleasure. The Radha-Krishna paintings are set in landscapes of indescribable charm and beauty. The blue mountains in spring, the golden hills in summer, the night blue sky, the golden moon and the luxuriant foliage and trees looming out of the full moon lights the forest, the quietly flowing rivers, the morning mists with delicate dew drops enveloping the forest, and the rested birds awakening to the early light of dawn. The landscape serves as a background for the great drama of ascetic love in the Radha-Krishna paintings. The landscapes express an endless world of colour reflecting the seasons; blue-green of spring, the misty light of dawn, and the golden summers. Landscapes are devoted to realism and impressionism and are in the style rendered famous by the Bengal School of Art. Their life in the forest and beside the river Godavari with the banks overhung by flowery trees, and the verdant hills are common themes. These scenes in India, in the Himalayas and in the forests of Malaysia are all rendered in refined poetic beauty. They marvel the eye and the awakening world coming out Above (Detail) Landscape, 1960s

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of restful sleep are all of sublime visual poetry. The evening swan birds

Watercolour; 9 x 6 in.

coming to rest on the water glades are alive and the ecosystem is in poetic

Private Collection.

harmony. The age of climate change and pollution, the destruction of

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nature are to be in the future, and for Bose the natural land is at its ideal best. In the later last works the impressionistic paintings in the modern acrylic medium are in stark reds, yellows, greens and blacks and mirror the possible future desecration of this natural ideal world. The Buddha is another grand narrative for Bose. Siddhartha was born to the Raja of Shakya and Queen Maya, who was childless until her fortyfifth year. About 563 bc, the child Siddhartha was born, with the mother herself dying on the 7th evening. It was prophesised that the son would become either samyaksambuddha or a Chakravartin King. According to textual tradition, the King to avoid his son from becoming an ascetic had guarded places where every delight and comfort was provided. Princess Maha Prajapati nursed the baby with her noble milk, and protected and comforted him in the gilded palace. In one of Bose’s greatest works, Rahul (Siddhartha’s son) and Yashodhara (Siddhartha’s wife), looking up to Siddhartha as Buddha, are painted with delicate tones, great sensitivity and rendered with sure rhythmical lines of the figures and contrasted with the bold geometric lines of the palace. There are many paintings depicting the life of the Buddha who became known as ‘the Light of Asia’; and Bose has this profound message rendered in exquisite art. Bose furthered this into the performing arts when in Singapore he collaborated

(Detail) The Light of Asia, 1928 Watercolour, 18.5 x 8.8 in. Private Collection

on a dance drama on Buddha with Singapore’s recipient of the Cultural Medallion for Dance, Madhavi Krishnan. Working on a script based on the work of Sir Edwin Arnold (1884), this was Bose’s last assignment when he departed Singapore for India to gather the materials and designs for the costumes and the music and musicians needed to realise this project. Bose was an artist of great refinement and sensitivity who remained unassuming and serene of character. He had moved with great dignitaries in India and abroad, such as the Nehrus, from the Pandit to Indira, from Lady Mountbatten to the Presidents of India, and yet he was

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equally at ease amongst the common folk. His paintings embrace the Hindu concept of the universality of the Divine, in his Krishna and Radha paintings, the Buddha, the Nativity of the Christ in the Indian style, commissioned by the Pope in the Vatican in 1950 and the Holy Man devoutly immersed in the Koran. All these embrace universal themes and still speak to us in gentle beauty in a troubled and religionsconflicted present. It is not difficult to know how Bose is able to render the Christ in the Indian style, and the Muslim Holy Man immersed in the revelations in the Koran. It is because Bose practised the Hindu belief in the universal truth of all religions and the oneness of man. Bose is a refined and sophisticated artist. His women are of exquisite beauty and the lines that form them are sure. The Indian concept of the feminine beauty is a sensual form, with luscious rounded hips, and wide almond eyes of lustre with the slightest droop. The woman is also depicted with the same beauty as the Divine Radha. It is obvious that the painter is in love with the beauty of the feminine. Their form and their ornamentations are of exquisite colour and beauty, and a feast for the eye. The painter expresses his philosophy and observations on the canvas, and I believe either cannot or does not wish to render his vision in words. It is we, the observer, who have to look beyond and read the ideas of the painter on his canvas. Great artists are not content repeating their recognised success. They strive to be relevant to new ideas and techniques. This was the case with Sukumar Bose. His visits to Singapore and Malaysia unleashed new creative energy. He admired the vitality and vibrancy of Singapore and its multicultural heritage. The landscape Facing Page (Detail) The Holy Man: Devotion to the Divine, 1947

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of Malaysia inspired him to create new and modern impressionistic

Watercolour, 17.3 x 24 in.

and surreal landscapes rendered in acrylic, with vibrant colours. He

Private Collection

was excited with the medium of acrylic and modern paintings. This

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inspiration was surely tempered by his stay in Singapore, the modern city-state which always reinvented itself, and by the art of Southeast Asia. These resulted in the series of modern paintings in acrylic, vibrant with colour and light, and forms, at once impressionistic, surreal, sinuous and geometric, and all blending in harmony. He also had a great knowledge of Indian culture and the history of the British Raj and Empire and its cultural impact on India. His work is informed by this knowledge as illustrated by his painting of Sir Thomas Roe presenting the credentials of the East India Co. to the Mughal emperor. His was the spirit of constant interaction with all the philosophy and history that impacted on the Indian subcontinent and later Southeast Asia. The great Bengal School of Art is the story of the renaissance of modern art in the Indian subcontinent, including present day Pakistan. Bose belongs to this school of artists whose vision was inspired by the past but who brought in new techniques and styles. (Detail) Untitled, 1952

Many creative artists have lived and passed without achieving contemporary fame. But once in a while when the creative genius of an artist

Watercolour, 20 x 20.4 in. Private Collection

is rediscovered and recognised by a later generation, the aspirations, beliefs, convictions, values and ideology of the artist and his shaping influence are not lost. Bose endeavoured to re-ignite his creative energy and move his art in an exciting new direction but all these were denied by the sudden illness and death of Sukumar Bose when he returned to India. A true artist speaks the universal language of humanity. The paintings of Krishna, with and without his alter-ego Radha, the Buddha, the Indian-styled Christ, the Madonna-like Meera, the Holy-man blissfully

Facing Page

enveloped by the Spirit of the Holy Koran; the paintings of the especially

(Detail) Bliss of Radha & Krishna

lovely women; the landscapes and murals of exceptional beauty, and in his last phase the modern surreal and expressionistic land and seascapes

in the Moonlight River Garden, 1979 Watercolour, 11 x 9.4 in. Private Collection

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rendered both in muted and also in vibrant colours are the expressions of a universal artistic soul. We can only express our gratitude to him for bestowing on us universal themes of beauty, and an ecumenical spirit in this troubled present, which needs a message of common humanity to be embraced and cherished.

Facing Page (Detail) Sketch, 1970s Pencil, 8 x 11 in. Private Collection

References Arnold, Edwin. The Light of Asia; or, The Great Renunciation (Mahâbhinishkramana) Being the Life and Teaching of Gautama, Prince of India and Founder of Buddhism (As Told In Verse By An Indian Buddhist). New York: TY Crowell, 1884. Coomaraswamy, Ananda K; Margaret E Noble, et al. Myths of the Hindus and Buddhists. London: George G Harrap and Co. Ltd, 1913. Film. The Light of Asia (Prem Sanyas). Cast: Seeta Devi, Humansu Rai, et al. Story by Edwin Arnold. Directed by Franz Osten, 1925. Lewis, Ralph and Keith S Gardner. Sir William Russell Flint. 1880 – 1969. 1st Edition. London: David & Charles, 1988. Menzies, Jackie. Goddess Divine Energy. Sydney: Art Gallery New South Wales, 2006. Nicholson, RA; J Arberry et al. (Translators). Will and Power: Allama Mohammed Iqbal and Chughtai. Lahore: Nisar Art Press, 1962. Sivaramamurti, Calambur. The Art of India. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1977. Sullivan, KE. Indian Myths and Legends. London: Brockhampton Press, 2004. Victoria & Albert Museum. The Indian Heritage: Court Life and Arts under Mughal Rule. London, 1982.

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Reproduced from The Art of Sukumar Bose: Reflections on South and Southeast Asia edited by Venka Purushothaman (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg >

Visual Narratives The Art of Sukumar Bose

ARTIST SUKUMAR BOSE

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Artist Sukumar Bose a Vital Historical Study

By Nuzhat Kazmi

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Artist Sukumar Bose a Vital Historical Study

By Nuzhat Kazmi

My interest in artist Sukumar Bose is predominantly from the perspective of an art historian. I am interested to know more of him as an artist, as an individual, and read his art in the context of the tumultuous nationalist movement which was the growing reality of his early years in Lucknow and his later artistic phase in Delhi which spanned from preto post-independence. I became conscious of the fact that I had escaped his history and his art all these years. To me, the offer to research and write on Sukumar was an opportunity to revisit important and defining moments that had their presence in the making of present India and its art, which indeed cannot be explained in clean categories and not always necessarily in neat linear chronological structure. The complexity of art, art practice, art ideology and its political and social periphery are all interconnected and can be an essential and perhaps a vital aspect to the study of any art, artist or art practice. 1912 to 1986 were indeed years of great political and cultural significance, in India and elsewhere. The period, the first decades of the twentieth century, was throwing up new realities and new aspirations all around the world. In the Indian subcontinent, there was a clear vision of a new future, a new nation, free from colonial rule, its oppression and exploitation. It was a period of emergent self-confidence, determination and will to sacrifice all personal aspirations to gain an Indian national integrity and sovereignty. He was born in Lucknow, in Avadh, a city built to accommodate changing

Facing Page (Detail) Fresco on the walls of Gita Bhavan, New Delhi, completed in 1950.

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political equations. Linked to the city’s magnificent structures and architectural landmarks were the Awadhi nawabs’ new socio-cultural realities, connected intrinsically to the political. Bose, born in the early twentieth century, a century in which two world wars had been fought even before the arrival of its fifth decade. The twentieth century that saw many nations freeing themselves from colonial imperialism. A number of nations established themselves as politically independent. The European colonial hegemony dwindled, new political ideologies emerged. The USSR manifested the powerful balance to American political ascendency. China drew the “iron curtain”. The Ottoman Empire gave way to modern Turkey, while new boundary lines made new nations overnight in Africa, Asia and even in Europe. All that was happening in the twentieth century inevitably affected the city of Lucknow. And it touched the art and the artists of Lucknow. Bose grew up in a family that was well informed of the educational system that had grown under the British India. Bipin Behari Bose, Bose’s paternal grandfather, was a successful lawyer at the Lucknow Bar. The family had affiliations to the Brahmo Samaj movement, an eclectic but monotheistic and humanitarian movement gaining acceptance amongst the Indian intellectuals. The Boses as a family were involved in promoting Bengal art and culture in Lucknow, perhaps like the Tagores of Calcutta and Santiniketan. They were active in the promotion of modern education and a scientific attitude. Bose, early in his childhood, showed a sensitive bent of mind and an artistic temperament. He had a passion for painting and sculpture. He received encouragement to indulge his creative talents. Soon he was inducted into the art discipline. Asit Kumar Haldar, student of legendary Abanindranath Tagore, the pioneer of what came to be known as the

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Bengal School of Art, arrived in Lucknow, where he, as the Principal, joined the Government Art College. He had received the supervision of Rabindranath Tagore at Santiniketan, which today, is Visva-Bharati University. Santiniketan or ‘Abode of Peace’ was an experimental attempt to develop an innovative system of values for education. An educational system that was capable of equipping the students with adequate tools to face the contemporary situation in India, Asia and indeed in the world. It was the vision of a poet philosopher to sustain the indigenous roots, talents and wisdom and support them with a modern outlook and capabilities. These were seen as essential components to prepare India to stand as an equal to all nations and all global entities; to spearhead a change in the world of international political equations by strengthening the values operative at all levels of civilized reality. Asit Kumar Haldar enrolled Bose at the Lucknow Government Art College. He studied art under the guidance of Haldar. This was to prove the beginning of an artistic career that had already shown an inclination for passionate identification with Indian identity and its political manifestation. Bose like others realized the potential of artistic vocation in generating national consciousness and identity. We have to recall the India of young Bose. Indian national leaders were calling the youth from all walks of life to come and actively participate in the struggle for national freedom. The voice of Mahatma Gandhi and other national leaders had given Indians a direction and a national aspiration. There was a growing awareness of the right of people to political independence. This awareness underlined the importance to sever all links with colonial institutional structures including education and imbibe the creative arts with nationalist content and fervour. The need was felt by all Indians to develop a language, an artistic idiom that inculcated values and objectives that inspired a spirit of self respect and aversion for colonial rule and government. If we look at the art work of young Bose, still in college, we

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see a definite and close affinity with the ongoing Nationalist movement in India. This was supported by Asit Kumar Haldar, his tutor, who was himself an ardent artist of nationalist ideology, as it was initiated by the Bengal School artists in the early twentieth century. In 1932, aged only 20, Bose was appointed art teacher at the Modern School, New Delhi. The school was unique in many senses. It was established by Raghubir Singh, an affluent Indian and humanitarian. The school followed a regular British Public School model with the objective of giving Indians the best possible curriculum that would strengthen their innate confidence and give them an education to face the rapidly changing world. Bose and Raghubir Singh found an understanding in each other which only grew deep with time. They both would travel together with the aim of meeting and encouraging the values within an educational structure that would support Indian nationalist objectives. It was with such an aim that the two worked and communicated with Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore. With them they discussed such issues concerning the Independence of India and Indian national education. In the near future Bose was to make murals covering a scale that was large using themes that involved skills of both composition and technique. His murals are worked in the fresco technique, much like Italian fresco which was not only highly technical but also time consuming. Bose appreciated the Ajanta cave paintings and can be said to have imbibed a great deal of the visual language, scale, narrative designing from these. However, his technique was different from that of the Ajanta, which is mural. Bose spent an intense and engaged time in structuring and designing fresco painting covering the walls and ceilings of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, erstwhile the Viceroy House, the official residence of the President of the Indian Republic. Fresco painting is a highly technical and laborious

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process. One has to recall Michelangelo and the Sistine chapel to realize the immensity of this art form. Ajanta too is a wall painting but it is, as I said before, a mural and not a fresco. Frescoes have to be worked in small scale units and the surface has to be wet for the colours to be permanently absorbed in the plaster. Bose had mastered the technique and put it in use when the demand came. His son can recall, “…watching my father working tirelessly at his murals and frescoes, at times suspending himself horizontally and face-up to the ceilings to paint”. Two of his major mural paintings can still be seen at the Modern School, Delhi, and another at the Gita Bhavan Temple in Hauz Khas. The mural theme at the Modern School is around the theme of world religions, where all major religions are represented and moving together in harmony and understanding. In 1936 it was completed and was inaugurated by Rabindranath Tagore. At the Gita Bhavan, murals have texts from the Indian epic, which Bose was conversant with. While he

(Detail) Mural at Rashtrapati Bhavan, 1950

worked on these murals he had succeeded in grooming a team of trained

Fresco-buono

assistants and the colours that were used were handmade usually by an

Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi

expert in this area, using traditional knowledge and materials that would include inorganic earth elements and organic natural vegetation. Bose’s growth as an artist can be seen, as largely expressing itself, through the themes of national identity and the life of ordinary Indians. Significantly, this was true only for his early artworks, that is, till he was working in the Modern School and in the President House in New Delhi. Later in his work we can see an opening up to broader themes and techniques, inclusive of the generic as also what could be seen as an interest in practices outside India. He was particularly inclined to select themes for his art work from village life and landscape. As a student of Haldar, he was proficient in the wash technique and a large body of his work is actually inspired by the artists of the Bengal School. Therefore, you can

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find that he did allow elements of style that had references not only to his own teacher Asit Kumar Haldar but also to others like Abanindranath Tagore and AR Chughtai. Bose’s wash technique was developed with a certain artistic sensibility including a penchant for transparency in colours. He applied a translucent quality to his images that generated an airy feeling, poetic and romantic, soft and subtle. Clearly, an inspiration is drawn from the Mughal and Rajasthani miniature repertoire, as well as from a much earlier art practice, as that seen in the Ajanta murals. This source laid an emphasis on the decorative; pure colours and clear, strong lines. Bose was proactive in evolving a ‘realism’ that was relatively closer to the optically ‘partial’ illusionism as seen in the Ajanta murals and was not defined by ‘realism’ as practised in oil techniques, developed initially in Europe. These particular elements were also inspired by the Chinese and Japanese wash techniques. The mural painting at the Modern School, Delhi, is an important work in the career of Bose. And, I would think, in the study of Indian nationalist artistic enterprises and how they become, where they become, more inclusive of broader themes. The continued long chronology of his artistic production, affords a rich documentary material that also provides a reading that reveals an informed global aspiration and a conscious attempt for an identity that expresses a need to connect to ever expanding issues and realities. With a strong self perception, Bose is an artist in a young modern nation holding its own in the world community. The large Modern School mural celebrates an artist’s faith in the ability for different religious identities to come together to establish world harmony and prosperity. It is an artwork we need to study in this context, as it shows the visual representational skill and the artistic vision, of an Indian Facing Page (Detail) Mural at Modern School, 1936

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artist, working and growing through the period of national struggle for

Fresco-buono, 20 x 10 ft.

independence and acquiring the status of a democratic socialist republic.

Modern School, New Delhi

The theme of the mural painting is of religions coming together and

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with it perhaps a hope of bringing in global harmony and understanding. In 1936, when it was completed it was inaugurated by none other than Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore himself, a poet, known as a pacifist, an educationist who nurtured humanist values of universal love and compassion. When we consider all his ideological inclinations, Tagore, in the final analysis, appears less a nationalist. Clearly his sensibilities are defined by values that embrace magnanimously, a modern vision of the twentieth century that is a political concept of equality, liberty and universal fraternity. Tagore ignores the political imperialist hegemony, and connects directly with all liberating modernity. He moves beyond a relatively confined and constricted ideology of inspired nationalism, which was, nonetheless, historically relevant to colonized Indian masses aspiring freedom from the imperialists. Gurudev was a humanist and a visionary educationist, who dreamt a future of total freedom for all mankind, which by inference applied to the Indian subcontinent, in the fulfillment of his modernist agenda. The large Modern School mural is dense in composition with trunks of tall tapering trees on both sides and it dissects the pictorial plane as well as divides it into progressive frames which support the narrative fabric on display. All faces are in one direction, all bodies move in one direction as if it were a collective energy which has inspired the surge. The surging of humanity here is also representational of various religious and ideological systems. Since there is no text to explain, as interestingly, is the case with the mural at the Gita Bhavan, New Delhi, the visuals here have attributes conceived by the artist to suggest identifiable multi-cultural references that acquire almost iconological structure in their attempt to facilitate reading of the visual narrative without supportive text. Bose applies the tools of graphic reference, interestingly, also seen in the making of initial cinematic narratives of India in the early modern era. An idiom working almost like a

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shorthand script that assisted in opening up socio-religious context to an informed audience keenly aware of its various implied nuances and connotations. These devices indicate, however, significant to note here, that they remain nearly always ambiguous and incomplete in the narrative content, except perhaps, what is somewhat apparently, the Brahmin and the Muslim in the mural. And if so, these two images are conceived in accordance to their popularly accepted impression, which here, function almost as convenient caricature. Indeed, it is difficult to draw any definite conclusions of representations as we see here. It is, in the end, the title given to us, as we understand by the artist himself that helps us to guide our own embedded social understanding to read into the visual narration painted here. Here again, I would be tending to think that Bose suspends caricatures of social reality to a minimum and allows us the space to deduct or conjure more imaginatively the theme and its realization. The Modern School mural is an important work, as it is in an educational institution and it amply represents women in the forefront, walking alongside men with natural ease. One of the women on the right side holds a young infant. Perhaps here the artist brought this lone child in the entire pictorial narrative, still in the lap of the mother, to incorporate a powerful universal symbol of mankind, of the young nation’s future. The artist has brought to us a symbol which speaks not of any difference, significantly. A future in secure hands, a future of no gender bias and discrimination, an eloquent though iconic promise of a modern state to its people. The women here are almost of no particular demarcation, as if the artist was consciously visualising for the audience a representation of Indian women which, like the child in the mother’s lap, does not represent any class or creed. Bose’s mural here can well be seen as inspired by the great

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Indian mural tradition, continuing from the time the Ajanta caves were painted, and indeed, much before that. The artist has intellectually and aesthetically connected himself with that tradition that is perfected and preserved in the caves of Ajanta, which documented an era of peaceful philosophical expansion that was eclectic and was, in every sense of the word, truly inclusive of multi socio-cultural ethos. This regeneration of the Indian social consciousness, read by many in the Buddhist dharma, was consciously made a dynamic element when the national fight for freedom from imperialist colonisers was being fought, most especially in the art of artists reared and nurtured by Abanindranath and EB Havell in Bengal. The artists of the Bengal School deliberately retained and mastered the linear quality and strength in their compositions. This can be seen in nearly all the artists, but most especially Nandalal Bose, Asit Kumar Haldar, AR Chughtai, who spearheaded this movement and were responsible for bringing its nationalist fervour to art practices in other parts of the country. If we pay attention to the use of line in Below

this group of artists, we cannot fail to observe their conscious rejection

(Detail) Mural at Gita Bhavan

of European academic realism which stood on techniques of sfumato,

Fresco-buono Haus Khaz, New Delhi

chiaroscuro to build realistic illusionist represention. These techniques were built on merging the lines diffusing the lines to show more naturalistic tones, grades, volume, mass and depth. Lines were seen as a hindrance in achieving these visual values. The nationalist artists found their visual language in the visual values of the past that defined much of the asian pictorial art, especially the Indian subcontinent. Bose has also preferred using lines to emphasise his pictorial imaging. And this mural is the most important. Bose had the ability to be critical of his own art and would hold a subjective opinion about his works. He would in moments of self declaration hint at his personal likes and would point out a favourite over other works. A historical narrative in watercolour, now in Singapore, was to

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him the most satisfying in terms of his creative demands and expectations in their fulfilment. Sir Thomas Roe at the Mughal Court of Emperor Jahangir, painted in 1976, now in the family collection of Kamal and Pushpa Bose. Kamal Bose recalls, “He considered it as one of his best paintings.” It narrates the historical event that happened in early seventeenth century India. The Mughal Empire was at its height of power. The East India Company was seeking trade permits and saw the advantage of acquiring a trade lease in the Mughal Empire and access to trading ports to expand their trade between Europe and Asia. He secured the permission from Emperor Jahangir to start trade in India. As was customary valuable gifts were presented to the Mughal Emperor, who accepted or refused as he deemed it fit. Sir Thomas Roe of course had no such power to refuse. He stands here with his iconic hat not on his head, offering his homage to the Emperor. The court is in full view, and some can be

Sir Thomas Roe at the Court of Jahangir, 1970s Watercolour, 46 x 32 in. Private Collection

seen offering their salutation, deep bows to the Mughal Emperor. This official audience to the mighty emperor was attained by the British after great efforts and expenditure. Mughals were keenly aware of the advantage in increasing their sphere of influence and encouraging international trade. The Emperor, his royal family and members of the Mughal aristocracy invested in trade from their private funds so as to improve their own individual economy. The state also gained from the improved trade facilities and infrastructure. Empress Nur Jahan had acquired such trading rights and had an efficient staff managing her trade interests. It is from these sources of personal wealth that the aristocracy flourished. Nur Jahan’s personal acts of charity, hospitality and monument building, which are well documented, were all supported by the wealth she gained from trading and other investments. With the internal weakening of the Mughal infrastructure, seen immediately after the rule of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and the growing role of East India Company in trade activities was perhaps the crucial reason of the increased political ambitions of East India Company. Bose took about ten years to complete

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this pictorial narrative that visualises for us the power and splendour of the Mughal court when it was heralding administrative efficiency and governance that generated economical growth and political expansion. Analytical observance would highlight a few details which I think are important to mention here in regard to the painting Sir Thomas Roe at the Mughal Court of Emperor Jahangir. This is an artwork done in the 1970s. Importantly, it is a watercolour. However, the visual values that are appreciated in this watercolour are usually to be found in realistic works in the medium of oil, generically associated with the academic illusionism as it was practised in Europe since the Renaissance movement there. This influential period, interestingly, had as its active and important catalyst, the Eastern civilization that was bringing back to Europe much of the forgotten Greek classical philosophy, literature and sciences. Rebirth, as indeed the word ‘Renaissance’ means, was generated within medieval Europe. This also drew attention to the lost art techniques and languages of the Greek high culture. European classical art emphasised symmetry, serenity, balance and stability. This aptitude led to the development of other artistic devices like perspective, modelling, highlighting and foreshortening, which in turn, that were connected to techniques of sfumato and chiaroscuro, Italian for ‘gradation of hue’ and ‘light and shadow’ respectively. The civilization of the east was an offshoot of a major development in the peninsula of Arabia, which was the initiation of a new social system, Islam. It became a radical movement, engulfing as much east as west, and was a philosophical, cultural catalyst to a growing area of the medieval world. The pictorial space, perspective, highlighting, modelling of architectural space and the figurative images are different from the artistic tools that were applied when the Ajanta murals were Facing Page (Detail) Sir Thomas Roe at the Court of Jahangir, 1976

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painted, the best Ajanta murals being those from the first century bc to

Watercolour, 46 x 32 in.

fifth century ad. The great art of Ajanta was drawing the attention of the

Private Collection

young Indian, though not necessarily only the nationalist, as we observed

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earlier. Bose, in this particular work, Sir Thomas Roe at the Mughal Court of Emperor Jahangir, is in control of his visual vocabulary and he has a painting that is articulate in its historical content and equally eloquent in its intellectual and artistic virtuosity and eclecticism that facilitates his ability to assimilate and master all techniques that were there. The versatile Mughal painter in the Emperor Jahangir’s atelier too was encouraged to nurture his native genius and was facilitated by the state for a confident artistic eclecticism. At a quintessentially subliminal level Sukumar Bose, in this particular painting, is seen to practice that peculiar Indian ingenuity for assimilative and inclusive artistic expression.

Facing Page & Below (Detail) Sir Thomas Roe at the Court of Jahangir, 1976 Watercolour, 46 x 32 in. Private Collection

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Bose’s art of his later phase acquires a more realistic, illusionist expression. Largely to be seen in the landscapes that he created of the places he visited. He has a prolific body of such art work from this period. I had to make a selection, which indeed was difficult, from a huge body of landscape paintings, done almost about the same time.

Bose towards the later part of his career moved to an idiom which can be said to be more close to ‘realism’ as practised and even today taught in many colleges of art in India and abroad. But interestingly his figures

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Left (Detail) Day on the Beach, 1976 Oil on Canvas; 16 x 11 in. Private Collection

Facing Page (Detail) Untitled, 1968 Watercolour, 9.2 x 11 in. Private Collection

in such works can be noticed to be placed in a perspective which makes them remote and the surrounding landscape or architecture immense and widening. Bose has taken with great delight to what I would say difficult themes of flying birds and giving to the images a certain animated charm, reminding, almost simultaneously on seeing Bose’s paintings of birds in their natural environment, of Chinese scroll paintings of similar themes. The connections are made in the translucency of artist’s colours and picturesque idyllic calmness of the compositions. The artist received numerous recognitions including the Silver Shield and the Padma Shri Award. The scale of his art was increasing as was his interest in other aspects of art practice and preservation. He travelled to the then USSR to learn the techniques of art conservation. As an artist he was also confident in his skills to conserve art works when necessary. He was indeed sought after for his expertise in this area. Besides it is interesting to note, that he was an artist, who expanded himself in

(Detail) Untitled, 1984 Watercolour, 53.5 x 35.5 in. Private Collection

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projects of design that could include anything from invitation cards to interior decoration, coats of arms, large-scale wall paintings to small watercolours. Bose received an international recognition for his art of painting in 1950 when the Venerable Pope Pius XII, head of the powerful Roman Catholic Church, commissioned him to paint the Biblical theme of the nativity, the birth of Jesus Christ, in his inimitably ‘Indian’ idiom. This remarkable painting can even today be seen in the Vatican City. Between 1952 and 1960, Bose continued to be invited by people outside India. His art was exhibited in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia, Italy and the former Soviet Union. His artworks were collected and displayed in Indian embassies as representational Nativity, 1986

of contemporary art of India. Bose apparently made an impression on

Watercolour, 34 x 26 in.

foreign audiences and his work came to be collected by the governments

Private Collection

of Brazil, Egypt, Iraq and Sri Lanka. Bose realized the importance of artists working consciously as a community which encouraged a certain focus on the art practice and its continuity on a social platform. The idea of All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society was conceived and materialized by Bose and likeminded fellow artists. What is important and became a vital expression of art consciousness was the publication of Roopa Lekha by AIFACS, a bi-annual art journal, progressive in its outlook and culturally inclusive. Bose, interestingly, extended his interests to include the dance form in his repertoire of self-expression. Kathak is an art form that grew in the Court of Awadh and Nawab Wajid Ali Khan himself is credited with

Facing Page (Detail) Nativity, 1986

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its initiation and structural development. The versatile Nawab choreo-

Watercolour, 34 x 26 in.

graphed Kathak performances around the themes of Krishna and his

Private Collection

celebrated Radha and the Gopis. Bose learnt it from the exponents of

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this dance form belonging to the family of Birju Maharaj. Drama also interested him and he wholeheartedly engaged in this area. Perhaps the obvious elements of line, rhythm, curve and flow which can be identified as a distinct quality of Bose’s artistic idiom, took an innate inspiration from his inherent love for music, dance and drama. These passions were practised and expressed concurrently throughout his active career. Bose was practising his art in a milieu which was expressively nationalist and continued to be open to experimentation within that framework. However, when necessary, more especially towards his later period, he moved outside it. He followed a disciplined routine. He enjoyed social interaction but preferred to work on his art as a recluse. He would start his work early in the day, attend to his teaching and other related activities, and retire for the night according to the schedule. Bose was also a religious man. With his religious roots in the ideologies of the Brahmo Samaj movement, he practised his religion and also perceived it as a private matter of an individual. I see Bose’s art as an important aspect in the continued and multifaceted development of Indian visual art. He represents an essential link from the nationalist artistic aspirations of Abanindranath Tagore, perpetuated by his students in various parts of India in the early part of the twentieth century. His students brought that aspiration to another stage in the political arena. At the national Congress Session at Haripura, panels were made by Abanindranath Tagore’s student Nandalal Bose that were politically motivated, directly assertive in their themes of the common Indian participating in the nationalist movement. Asit Kumar Haldar, Bose’s teacher in Lucknow was instrumental in creating an idiom and technique that was to communicate themes of Indian themes and indigenous narratives. Bose inherited this legacy and practised it throughout his active career. However, it is significant to note that Bose’s art formed

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an important part of the private collection of Lady Edwina Mountbatten, wife of the Viceroy of India, Lord Louis Mountbatten in pre-Independence India. These works are housed at Broadland House in Romsey, Hampshire, in the United Kingdom. He was an artist who had been with Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, and as a fellow intellectual he had received encouragement to pursue his ideas and art by Raghubir Singh, Lady Mountbatten, and the Pope in the Vatican. From winning in college events Bose went on to win the appreciation of people from diverse backgrounds. He was instrumental in establishing an art society AIFACS and publishing an art journal Roop Lekha. These laudable efforts to make art publications and public institutions continue to make a social connect, absolutely necessary between the artist’s community and general public in a modern state. When he retired from official duty at Rashtrapati Bhavan in 1972, he continued as honorary art advisor to President VV Giri. Bose as an artist did not of course retire. Throughout his life, he was involved in practising his art. In fact, while residing in Singapore where he would come to stay with his son, Kamal and his daughter-in-law, Pushpa, he would explore the art practices in that part of the world as, interestingly, as he had done in regard to other skills throughout his life. He continued to be prolific and hold exhibitions till the end, and travelled to places for new inspirations and themes for his art. Sukumar Bose and his creative practices reflect the radical political transformation that was engulfing not only the Indian subcontinent but in reality the much expanded world. With the greatly increased vision of an ideological application to change the world, he represents a historical time in India. He lived to transform his art and his individual vision of the future that became increasingly modern and intellectually progressive. However, he remained far from the radical avant-garde,

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which was inspiring young Indians of an independent, decolonized state, to evolve a visual art language that articulated their creative aspirations. Young Indians, assured as they were of being world citizens engaged in artistic exploration. They did it without any sense of compulsion to draw inspiration from any given source, including the historical past, to evoke and underline their national identity. Bose saw the birth of the Indian nation and saw it ready to enter the modern world on its own terms. Looking at what constituted the cultural and intellectual matrix that propelled the Nationalist movement in Indian subcontinent, we will need to go back to the art and the artists of the transitory, ideologically charged, politically vocal and culturally evolving phase. That period precedes the event when India gained the status of independent republic and after it. In any study of that crucial and nascent stage of the birth of a modern state, reading of the art of Sukumar Bose would not only be significant but absolutely vital for all historians.

Facing Page (Detail) Colour of Nature, 1970s Watercolour, 20 x 18 in. Private Collection

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Reproduced from The Art of Sukumar Bose: Reflections on South and Southeast Asia edited by Venka Purushothaman (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg >

the art of sukumar bose

Expansion of The Lucknow Wash

By Awadhesh Misra Translated by Leena Misra

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vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks ' ' ' ' k k ' k ' k ' feJ ' k feJ ' k feJ ' k feJ k k feJ k feJ feJ feJ feJ feJ ÛgSÛa gSÛgSdh ÛgSÛgSÛgSÛgSMkW ÛMkW MkW -MkW -MkW -MkW MkW -vo/ks -vo/ks -vo/ks --vo/ks -vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks '''k'k'krd ''k'feJ kfeJ k'feJ kkfeJ kfeJ feJ feJ feJ feJ dke rwrwrwfrwfrwfydk rwydk rwfydk frwfydk ydk fydk fydk ydk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jvkS jjjek/;e jek/;e ek/;e jj,sek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds xqyxqy ke y ke ke yy ke ke keke Fkske FksFksFksAFksAFksAFksAFksAek/;e Aek/;e ek/;e AAdh ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jvkS jjjrduhd jrduhd rduhd jjrduhd rduhd rduhd rduhd rduhd dh dh dh dh dh lalalalaHlaHlaHlakkoukvks Hla kkoukvks Hkkoukvks Hkkoukvks Hkkoukvks Hkkoukvks kkoukvks kkoukvks a a a dh dh a dh a a dh adh dh a dh dh ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk rd rd rd rd rd rd rd tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj dke dke dke dke dke dke dke dke djus djus djus djus djus djus djus djus dk dk dk dk dk dk dk xkS xkS xkSxkS xkS jxkS jxkS joxkS ojojjojodh ojgkfly ogkfly ogkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSÛMkWMkW rwdh fdh ydk vkS j ek/;e ftlds xqrd y ke Fkstkdj Atkdj ek/;e vkS j dk rduhd lagkfly Hkkoukvks ijkdk"Bk tkdj tØ vkrs gh ekul iVy ijvkS ,d lek/;e s cgqftlds v k;kehxqxqxqxqyxqyxqy dykdkj Nfo mHkjrh gS] dh foLrkj %eu%fLFkfr lqfnYyh½ drdgksgksdkgksdkqedkgks'gksdkrgksdkrgksdkrkdkgkstkdj cks l Û MkW Û MkW -fnYyh½ vo/ks feJ Û Û Ûscgq MkW MkW MkW MkW MkW -lHkh -MkW -MkW -k;keh -k;keh vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks 'dykdkj 'dykdkj 'dykdkj 'klEiw 'klEiw k'lEiw k'kfeJ Ûv Ûcgq ÛlHkh ÛlHkh Ûv MkW MkW MkW -vo/ks -dk -dk -vo/ks -dk vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks '.kfeJ k.'feJ kkZfeJ lqlqlqlqd lq-d lqd lqd lqd qevo/ks d qeqd ed qekjqekjqekjqekjqekjxqkjuskjususkjyAy[kuÅ&ok'k us'AusAususkAke rwAusrwArwAfrwfeJ Afrwfydk rwydk rwfydk ydk fydk fydk dk dk dk izlq nizqenizkjd nizkjqekjqeiz'kZ nqe'kZ nizkjqevkS 'kZ nkjqenkj'kZcks nucks ucks u'kZ 'kZ ul uogh ogh ul ogh urduhd ogh ogh ogh gks gks gks gks gks rgks rgks rdk gks krkrkrrFkk kdh Fkk krFkk kkFkk Fkk ky[kuÅ&1986 Fkk Fkk tS Fkk tSy[kuÅ&1986 tSla tSy[kuÅ&1986 tS ltS ly[kuÅ&1986 lHtStS lhlkkoukvks hlhlhl lqhlqhlqhlqhd lqd lqd lqd lqd qed qeqd ed qekjqekjqekja qekjqekjdh kjdh kjdh dh kjdh dh dh dh dh eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr hdk rkj hrftØ hrftØ rhFkhA hrFkhA hFkhA hftØ FkhA hftØ FkhA FkhA FkhA FkhA blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, rks rks rks rksrks rks rks izekul izrks izekul Ñ izÑ izÑ izizÑ Ñ izfr] Ñ fr] Ñ fr] Ñ fr] fr] fr] fr] /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ ]]ij ]ij ]ij v/;kRe ]ij v/;kRe ]ij v/;kRe ]ij v/;kRe ],d v/;kRe v/;kRe v/;kRe v/;kRe vkfn vkfn lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh dk dk dk dk dk lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw .'feJ .kZk.rfeJ kZ.krfeJ rkZ.feJ kZ.krkZfeJ krkZdh krfeJ kZrkdh krkdh kdh kdh fydk vkSj ek/;e ftlds Fksfrwfydk Aydk ek/;e jucks ijkdk"Bk dke djus dk xkS jfr] oiVy gkfly fd;k gSvkfn lqdk lqdk lqdk lqdk d lqd lqd lqdk lqd qd eizqd eizqd ed kj'kZ kj'kZ kjcks cks l cks cks cks logh logh ll¼1912 l¼1912 ¼1912 l¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh½ ubZ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ dk ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs gh gh ghghgh gh gh gh ekul ekul gh ekul ekul ekul ekul ekul iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy ij ij ij ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,s,s,s,sll,sl,s,sl ,ssvkfn lsvkfn ,sls lcgq lcgq svkfn cgq l sÛ svkfn cgq s vkfn cgq s Ûcgq cgq v v v v k;keh k;keh v k;keh v k;keh v k;keh k;keh k;keh dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dh dh dh dh Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh gSgSgSgS]]gS]gSgS]gS]gS]]]] y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k dk dk dk dk dk dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj % % % % % % lq lq lq lq lq d lq ldekj d d d d d q e q e q e q e q e kj q e kj kj kj kj kj cks cks cks cks cks cks ckl l l l l l l Ûftlds MkW -vkt 'fp= kFkske Û -v vo/ks krd feJ eslqeslqeslqlqesalqesd a esd eslq lk{kkRdkj ad lk{kkRdkj eslqadaqelq lk{kkRdkj alqqd a qd lk{kkRdkj djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs gSrwgSrwgSrwgSafgkfly in~ in~ gSrwafydk in~ aydk in~ in~ afydk in~ ay[kuÅ&1986 in~ ey[kuÅ&1986 ein~ eydk eJh eJh ey[kuÅ&1986 Jh ey[kuÅ&1986 Jh evkS Jh Jh Jh Jh cks cks cks cks cks l cks lek/;e ds ds l dsek/;e dsdsdsds fp=A ds fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ilaiHij iHij fr ikkoukvks fr iHij fr ikkoukvks iHfr i,d fr Hkou fr Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ns;k nsk;keh nsk;keh 'ns'ns'nskh; ns'dykdkj kh; 'nsdykdkj kh; 'dykdkj 'kh; kh; 'kh; kh; kh; lhek lhek lhek lhek lhek lhek ds ds ds ds dsds ds ckgj ckgj ds ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; jkdk"Bk rd tkdj dke djus xkS j¼1912 o¼1912 fd;k gSl lqfp=A d qeftlds kjftlds usfnYyh½ Axqvo/ks ydk dk izek/;e nvkrs 'kZ uvkS ogh gks rekul k iVy Fkk tS llaij hla lq d qe,d dh eu%fLFkfr gks rlhek hlhek FkhA blhfy, rks izHkkjrh; Ñ fr] ]gkfly v/;kRe vkfn rwgSafrwgSafydk rwydk rwgSa fy[kuÅ&1986 rwfy[kuÅ&1986 fydk ydk fydk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jvkS jvkS jcks ek/;e jl ek/;e jl ek/;e jcks jl ek/;e jlek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds xqxqfnYyh½ xqyrwy xqy xq;g xqy xqf;g ke y xqke y ke yy ke y ke ke ke ke Fksdk Fksfp= FksAdk FksAfeJ FksAftØ FksftØ FksAftØ ek/;e Fks AftØ ek/;e Ay[kuÅ] ek/;e Ay[kuÅ] AftØ ek/;e AftØ ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jvkS jgh vkS jgh rduhd jgh rduhd jekul rduhd jekul jgh rduhd jekul rduhd rduhd rduhd rduhd rduhd dh dh dh dh dh dh dh dh dh la laij laHla la kkoukvks la Hij kkoukvks Hfr Hij kkoukvks kkoukvks Hfr kkoukvks kkoukvks kkoukvks avkfn½ dh a,sdh alsvkfn½ dh al dh adh dh ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk rd rd rd rd rd rd rd rd tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj dke dke dke dke dke dke dke dke dke djus djus djus djus djus djus djus djus djus dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk jgS]xkS jgS]xkS jo]xkS ogSj]/keZ oj]gkfly ogkfly ogkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSgSgSgSgSgSgSgSgSlHkh d dk d qelk{kkRdkj elk{kkRdkj elk{kkRdkj kjqed kjqekjdqekjkjqekjqecks cks ldk l lcks lcks lcks ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 y[kuÅ&1986 ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ dk dk dk dk ftØ vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs gh gh gh gh ekul ekul iVy iVy iVy iVy ij ,d ,d ,d ,d ,s,skjHkou ,s,sl,sla ,sla a,sl l s,sdh sl cgq svkfn½ cgq cgq cgq v v vcgq v v k;keh k;keh k;keh k;keh k;keh dykdkj dykdkj dh dh dh dh dh Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh gSxkS gSxkS gSxkSgS]xkS gS]xkS lqalk{kkRdkj d kjqecks kjcks kjcks kjcks cks ldjkrs l ldjkrs l l¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ dk dk dk ftØ ftØ ftØ vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs gh gh ekul ekul ekul ekul iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy ij ij ,d ,d ,d ,d ,ssa l svkfn½ lcgq svkfn½ cgq s dh cgq s ijkdk"Bk cgq sMkW cgq v v v k;keh v k;keh k;keh dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dh dh dh dh dh Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh gSoj]xkS gSjo]joj]ogkfly y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj % % % % % ldekj ldekj % ldekj % % ldekj ldekj ldekj ldekj ldekj ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û MkW Û MkW Û MkW Û MkW MkW MkW MkW MkW MkW MkW MkW M vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ ' ' ' ' k ' k ' k ' k ' k ' k feJ ' k feJ ' k feJ ' k feJ k feJ k feJ feJ feJ feJ feJ feJ eJ dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr izeu%fLFkfr izek/;e izdh fizeu%fLFkfr fizlqfrfuf/kRo izeu%fLFkfr izfrfuf/kRo fizlq frfuf/kRo rfuf/kRo fftlds rfuf/kRo fftlds rfuf/kRo rfuf/kRo dj dj jgs jgs gSke gSFkhA gSaAblhfy, gSaAvkS gSAek/;e a vkS gSablhfy, vkS vkS ablhfy, vkS a dk jdk jizek/;e jnizek/;e j;g jiz'kZ ;g ;g ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ;qizogh ;qizrduhd ;qjizÑ ;qfr] xgks xgks ;qxgks ;qxgks ;qxfr] dh dh xgks dh x/keZ dh dyk dyk dyk ijEijk dks dks dks dks dks dks le>us le>us le>us le>us @dk @ijkdk"Bk @dk vuq vuq @vuq @dk @lEiw vuq vuq @dk vuq @lEiw vuq vuq llEiw llEiw llEiw la/l kku a/kZ.lgks kku a/kZra/kZgks a/gks djus djus djus djus djus ds dsds ds ds ds ds fy, fy, dsfy, fy, fy, fy, fy, fy, egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw .dk .xkS .xkS kZÑ .kZxkS .kZxkS .jfr] kZ.lz kZxkS lz kZfr] lzxkS kZjo/keZ lzkZklz klzosrjk/keZ lz sroj/keZ srgkfly klzo/keZ k/keZ srogkfly k]jsr]/keZ ksrHkh ksrgkfly Hkh srv/;kRe Hkh Hkh cus cus cus cus cus cus cus cus gqfd;k gqgqfd;k gq,gq,fd;k gq,vkfn gqvkfn ,fd;k gq,vkfn ,gSvkfn gS,vkfn gS,vkfn gSa]gSa]vkfn gSa]gSgSa]gSgSa]gSa]lHkh a]lHkh dk dk izdk izkdk izkiznniznizn'kZ iz'kZ izn'kZ izn'kZ iznnu'kZnu'kZun'kZu'kZ'kZu'kZ ogh uogh uogh uogh uuogh ogh ogh ogh ogh ogh gks gks gksgksgks rgks rrgks gks rkgks krgks krkFkk rFkk rkFkk rkrFkk kkFkk kFkk kFkk Fkk Fkk ltS lfdyk tS hl lq l lqhdk l hdk lq hdk hd lq hd lq d hvkS lq d lqdk lq qd el'kDr lq qd el'kDr qevkS dqd el'kDr kjd qed qeek/;e kjdh qek/;e ejdh kjek/;e kjek/;e kjjdh dh dh dh dh eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr gks rusrwdj gks rArwdj gks rxqdj hke hke rgks rxqrwjgs hke rfydk FkhA rFkhA hfke rydk FkhA rke FkhA hfydk hke FkhA FkhA FkhA blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, rks rks rks iz,d Ñ Ñ izjogh Ñ fr] izjÑ iz;qjfr] Ñ Ñ fr] Ñ Ñ fr] fr] fr] /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ ]dh ]dyk /keZ ]Fkk v/;kRe v/;kRe ]dyk v/;kRe ]dh v/;kRe ]dh ]tS ]tS v/;kRe v/;kRe vkfn vkfn vkfn lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh dk dk dk dk dk dk lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw .a/l .a/rd .lkku .rd rkku .a/kZrd rkku .kku rkZ.khrkku kZ.krd kZhrd rtkdj kZktkdj kFkhA rhkdjus ktkdj ktkdj lqrfuf/kRo lq d lq d lq d lq lq d lq qd eqd eftlds qd eftlds dqeftlds kjd kjqeftlds kjqeqekjqekjqekjuskjuskjusgks Axqusgks Axqusdj Agks usrAxqy rwgks Ay Afrwgks fxqdj rwAhke fydk ydk rwjgs rwjgs rwhfy fydk ydk ydk ydk dk dk dk dk dk dk izblhfy, izvkS nizj;g niz;g nizj;g 'kZn;g 'kZ izn;g n'kZ nvkS urks 'kZ urks n'kZvkS urks 'kZ 'kZ u,d 'kZ urks ogh urks ogh uizrks ogh ogh uvkS ogh ogh ogh gks rxrduhd gks rfr] rfr] gks kr/keZ gks k/keZ rdh krdh rFkk kdh rFkk kdh Fkk rkdyk kdyk Fkk k]dyk Fkk kFkk Fkk tS tS Fkk tS tS l l l]dh tS tSijEijk l hijEijk tS hHlijEijk hijEijk l hkkoukvks lqhijEijk hlaijEijk hd d hlqHd lqHlq dvkfn lq qd evkfn qd ekkoukvks qd evkfn dqedks kjd kjqevkfn kjqevkfn qevkfn kjqevkfn kjdh dh dh dh eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr gks gks gks gks gks gks hrk.kku rkZhtkdj FkhA rkkZFkhA hrtkdj hdjus FkhA hkdjus FkhA hFkhA FkhA FkhA FkhA blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, rks rks rks rks rksrks rks izegRoiw rks izdk izrks Ñ izÑ izÑ izizdk Ñ izdk Ñ fr] izÑ fr] Ñ fr] Ñ fr] fr] fr] /keZ ]gkfly ]v/;kRe ]Hkh v/;kRe ]gkfly ]Hkh v/;kRe ]Hkh v/;kRe ]v/;kRe v/;kRe v/;kRe v/;kRe vkfn lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk lEiw dk lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw ...kZ.kZrkZ.r.rkZ..kZkrkZk.rkZkrkZrkkZrkrkkkk rwtS rwtS rwtSFkk rwtS fdyk rwfdyk fydk ydk fldyk ydk ydk vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jkjvkS jkjqevkS jkjqejvkS ftlds ftlds ftlds xqkjgks xqusdj y xqusAy ke Fksjgs Fkshfjgs Fkshjgs Fks FksAgSFkhA AFksFkhA AgSa Fksblhfy, ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e vkS vkS vkS jvkS juizvkS jiz,d jrks jvkS rduhd rduhd rduhd rduhd dh dh dh dh lav/;kRe lav/;kRe lav/;kRe lav/;kRe la HlhijEijk Hl kkoukvks Hlqla kkoukvks Hlq kkoukvks akjqedks akjdh akjdh a le>us akjdh dh dh ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk rd rd rd rd tkdj dke dke dke dke dke djus djus djus djus djus dk dk dk dk xkS jfr] j.o/keZ jo/keZ fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSvkfn rwltS rwydk rwtS fhtS rwlhtS flydk rwhflydk fdk ydk flq ydk ydk jkjqeek/;e jdh jkjdh ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ftlds xqy y y y y ke Fks FksvkS Fks Aablhfy, Aek/;e Adk ek/;e AjvkS ek/;e ek/;e vkS jÑ rduhd rduhd rduhd rduhd dh dh la lal la Hkkoukvks Hlq Hlq kkoukvks kkoukvks kkoukvks kkoukvks ale>us a le>us ale>us aeu%fLFkfr adh dh dh ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk rd tkdj tkdj tkdj dke dke dke dke dke djus djus djus djus djus dk dk xkS xkS joxkS jgkfly ogkfly oHkh gkfly gkfly gkfly fd;k fd;k gSlHkh gSa]gSlHkh y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k dk dk dk dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj % % % % ldekj ldekj ldekj ldekj ckl ckl ckl ckl y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k dk dk dk dk dk dk dk foLrkj foLrkj dk foLrkj foLrkj dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj % % % % % ldekj ldekj % ldekj % ldekj ldekj % ldekj % ldekj ldekj ldekj ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl y[kuÅ&ok'k dk foLrkj % ldekj ckl Û Û Û Û Û Û Û M M M M M M M vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ Û Û Û Û Û Û M Û M Û M Û M Û M M Û M Û M vo/ M vo/ M vo/ M vo/ vo/ M vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ ' vo/ ' ' vo/ ' ' ' ' ' eJ ' eJ eJ ' eJ ' eJ eJ ' eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ lq lq lq lqlqlq d lq d lq d lqlq d lqd d lq d lqqqeelqd d lde qe"qd qekjkjqed qd e"kjkjkdj e"kjqekdj qe"kjkjqeuskdj kjcks cks kjuscks cks cks cks lAuscks lArwy[kuÅ&ok'k cks cks cks lAcrwl lAfydk lydk ¼1912 ¼1912 lfr¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh½ ub fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ fnYyh½ nYy dk dk dk ftØ d ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ tØ vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs vkrs v gh gh gh gh gh rgh gh gh gh ekul gh ekul gh ggks ekul ul iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy iVy ij ij ij ij ij ij ij ij ij ij ,d ij ,d ij ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,sfnYyh ,srks ,sfnYyh ,slÑ s,slizs,l l cgq cgq sl cgq cgq s fr] cgq s ¼jk"Vª cgq s fr] cgq s fr] cgq s ¼jk"Vª cgq v cgq v cgq v cgv v v v k;keh v k;keh v k;keh v k;keh v k;keh k;keh k;keh dykdkj edykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dy d dh dh dh dh dh dh jdh dh dh dh dh Nfo d Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo N'ns'dk mHkjrh omHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mHkjrh mH gSrkZgS.rgSkZr.gSkZrgS].kkZds gS]kZkrds gS]kZ.krgS]ds ]ckgj fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks "d kdj kdj "kjqqeekjkdj y[kuÅ&ok'k ds ds ds ds bfrgkl dh dh dh dh ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ heu%fLFkfr heu%fLFkfr hvkrs hds hds hds hds hds ds ds :i :i ds :i :i :i :i :i :i es;g es;g es;g esaAekul es;g aAekul esgks aAekul esekul esfp= fo'ks "vkrs kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k ds bfrgkl dh ,d vfoLej.kh; dM+ hlHkh ds :i eskh; aAlEiw /keZ] v/;kRe vkfn lHkh dk lEiw kZflrw¼1912 k¼1912 esdk esdk esdk esa dk aesdk aeslk{kkRdkj eslk{kkRdkj aeslk{kkRdkj a y[kuÅ&1986 alk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs gSgks gSkdh gSa,d a,d gSkubZ arin~ gSubZ gSrubZ ain~ gSkubZ arubZ gS,d aubZ ain~ in~ ea tS in~ eFkk ein~ etS Jh Jh etS Jh el etS Jh ehl Jh Jh cks l l cks cks l ldk ds l ds l ds ds ds ds fp=A ds fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh ubZ fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª i]v i]/keZ i]k;keh fr iv/;kRe fr ik;keh fr ii]v/;kRe fr i;v/;kRe iv/;kRe fr Hkou fr Hkou Hkou fr Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ns;k nsNfo ns;k 'nsdk nsdk kh; nsmHkjrh 'dk kh; nsmHkjrh 'kh; ns'mHkjrh 'dk kh; 'mHkjrh kh; kh; 'mHkjrh kh; kh; lhek lhek lhek lhek lhek ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkh Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; rwf¼1912 fydk ydk dk izds 'kZ udjkrs ogh gks ktS Fkk tS hcks d qfp=A eftØ kjdh dh eu%fLFkfr rFkhA hy[kuÅ] FkhA blhfy, rks izslÑ Ñ fr] /keZ ]dykdkj v/;kRe vkfn lHkh dk lEiw r]ds kckgj lq lq lq lqd d d d qqee"d qqd eelq ed kjqekjkdj uskjkjcks Akjusy[kuÅ&ok'k Ay[kuÅ&ok'k Akjusjy[kuÅ&ok'k fusArwlf.y[kuÅ&ok'k frwlAydk ydk ydk dk iza eslk{kkRdkj izdk izalk{kkRdkj izy[kuÅ&1986 nlk{kkRdkj izay[kuÅ&1986 nlk{kkRdkj nizds niz'kZ n'kZ 'kZ 'kZ ubfrgkl ubfrgkl ogh ogh ogh ogh gks gks gks gks gks rgks rdh rdh rgSkrgks krdh krubZ Fkk Fkk Fkk Fkk Fkk tS tS l l lJh lvfoLej.kh; hfnYyh½ hJh hcks lq hcks lqlhcks lqhl lqcks lqhd d d d qelqd qeldk qd elq qd edk kjq½edk kjdk kjds kjqeds dh dh dh eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr gks gks gks raAekul raAekul raAekul raAhekul rgks haAefp= hrgks hrFkhA hrFkhA blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, rks rks rks rks rks iz,sfnYyh izrks iz,sl iz,sl Ñ iz,sl Ñ fr] fr] fr] fr] /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ ]k;keh ]k;keh v/;kRe vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh dk dk lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw .lhek .lhek .lhek kZ.jr kZ.lhek rgS]k.ds kgS]kZrgS]ds lq lq qqee"kjkjqd kjuskjqekdj uslrwy[kuÅ&ok'k Alusrwy[kuÅ&ok'k rw¼1912 rw¼1912 fydk ydk fydk dk dk izds nds izy[ n'kZ nubfrgkl 'kZ nubfrgkl 'kZnu'kZ 'kZubfrgkl ubfrgkl ubfrgkl uogh ogh ogh ogh ogh gks kin~ kin~ Fkk kain~ Fkk Fkk tSefnYyh½ tS lJh l lq hcks lql lqd d ql ekjdk qedk kjqfp=A edk kjdh kjftØ kjdh dh dh dh eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr gks gks gks hFkhA ry[kuÅ] hFkhA hy[kuÅ] FkhA hiVy FkhA FkhA FkhA blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, rks rks iz,slÑ izs,slÑ Ñ izsl Ñ Ñ fr] fr] /keZ /keZ /keZ ]v/;kRe ]fr ]fr v/;kRe v/;kRe v/;kRe vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn lHkh lHkh lHkh dk dk lEiw lEiw lEiw krg]kZds k]ds kckgj kdsckgj y[kuÅ&ok'k dk foLrkj % ldekj ckl y[kuÅ&ok'k dk foLrkj % ldekj ckl Û Û Û M Û M Û M Û M Û vo/ Û M vo/ M vo/ M M vo/ vo/ ' vo/ ' vo/ vo/ ' ' eJ ' eJ ' eJ ' eJ ' eJ eJ eJ eJ Û Û Û Û M M M M vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ ' ' ' ' eJ eJ eJ eJ Û Û Û Û M M Û M Û M Û M vo/ vo/ M Û vo/ M vo/ Û vo/ M vo/ ' M ' vo/ ' ' vo/ eJ ' vo/ eJ ' eJ ' eJ eJ ' eJ ' eJ eJ eJ Û M vo/ ' eJ rwesfrw;g fydk fydk rwes;g rwlk{kkRdkj fydk rwlk{kkRdkj rlk{kkRdkj fydk ydk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS juÅ&1986 vkS vkS juÅ&1986 vkS jy[ jek/;e ek/;e ek/;e jlaek/;e jdjkrs ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e exksxdjkrs /;e ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds ftlds xql'kDr xql'kDr xql'kDr xqub xqy xqy xqy xqy xqy xqy ke xqy ke xy y ke y ke y ke y ke ke ke ke Fkske Fkske Fksd Fksl eFks½izds Af'kYi Fksvkfn½ Ads Fksfizf'kYi Afp=A Fksfd Fks½frfuf/kRo Fksrfuf/kRo Fksfrfuf/kRo Fd AtØ ek/;e Aek/;e Aek/;e AtØ ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e eegkfo|ky;] /;e vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS j;g vkS jr;g vkS jdj vkS jgdj jr;g rduhd rduhd jv rduhd rduhd jrduhd jrduhd j;g rduhd rduhd rduhd rdu dh dh d dh dh dh dh dh dh dh lajd la ladh ladh ladh Hla Hla Hla Hla kkoukvks Hla kkoukvks Hla kkoukvks HlH kkoukvks Hkkoukvks Hkkoukvks HHkh kkoukvks Hkkoukvks kkoukvks kkoukvks axfnYyh ax,d ax,l dh a fnYyh v dh dh a ,d dh alu~ dh alu~ dh alu~ dh a dh alu~ dh dh dh ijkdk"Bk d ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ijkdk"Bk ij d rd rd rd rd tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj dke dj dke dke dke dke dke dke dke dke djus djus dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk xkS dk xkS d xkS xkS xkS jds xkS jds xkS jgjr xkS ojxkS ojr jgxkS ods jxgojdykdkj ockgj jdykdkj ockgj jgds ockgj jds jdykdkj ogkfly jo ogkfly ogkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly gkfly gfy, ly fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSekZ.gSJh gS.lzkZgSJh gSkkZlz gsrklz lde lde lde lde lde lde lde lde lde lde jjlde j;g jcjcjcjjcl jcclfp= jcljclcl jl¼1912 cl¼1912 cl¼1912 l c¼1912 ¼1912 l¼1912 ly[kuÅ] ¼1912 ¼1912 lesrw;g ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 y[ y[ y[ y[ y[ y[ y[ uÅ&1986 y[ uÅ&1986 y[ uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 ub ub ub ub ub nYy ub ub nYy nYy nYy nYy nYy nYy ½cks nYy ½cks ½cks nYy ½l ½l d ½l ½d d ½d ½rfuf/kRo tØ d d tØ d tØ tØ tØ tØ tØ v tØ v tØ v tØ v v rv rv v r;g gjv r;g v gjdj r;g gjr;g gfp= gjgs rfp= efp= gjgs rrduhd erduhd gjgs regjgs efp= ggSy[kuÅ ul ey[kuÅ geul eul ul ul ea ul iVy ul ejvkS iVy ul iVy ul iVy iVy ul iVy iVy iVy iVy ij iVy ij iVy ij ij ij ij ij ,d ij ,d ij ,d ,d ij ,d ij ,d ,d ij ,d ,d ,l ,d ,l ,l ,l ,l cgv ,l cgv ,l cgv ,l cgv cgv ,l cgv cgv cgv cgv cgv ;iijEijk ;fr ;fr ;fr efr ;i;eijEijk eesHkou ;rd erd efr ;rd dy dy dy dy eZdks dy d d dy dy d dy d jt d jd jhd d jjvkS d jvkS d j;k j;k d jjd d d N jjd N j;k d d d oN okh; mH oN oN mH o'a/ds N mH okku mH ojr mH jr mH odjus jr jr mH jr jr jr mH gds jr g;kr jr gds gogkfly gdykdkj gdykdkj gdykdkj ggkfly fo'ks "rfuf/kRo kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k bfrgkl ,d vfoLej.kh; dM+ ds AmH dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr iz½f'kYi izd izAf'kYi izAds izAek/;e izAek/;e fAek/;e izfd frfuf/kRo frfuf/kRo rfuf/kRo ffp=A rfuf/kRo dj dj dj dj dj jgs jgs jgs jgs gSfp= gSjgs gSa fp= ay[kuÅ gSgay[kuÅ vkS gSey[kuÅ vkS gSaevkS gSy[kuÅ a ul gSvkS aeul a vkS vkS jvkS adh jy[kuÅ] vkS jdh ;g jds ;g jy[kuÅ] ;g jiVy j;g ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ;qkkoukvks ;qubZ ;qfnYyh ;qfnYyh xou x;qfnYyh x;qfnYyh ;qdh x;qfnYyh x,l ;qdh dh xa ,l dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk dks dks dks dks dks le>us le>us le>us le>us le>us le>us le>us @vuq vuq @jvuq @nsdke vuq @nsdke @nsvuq @nsN vuq @'nsN vuq lN l'Nnskdjus l'onseN lN l l a/djus l a/kh; kku a/omH kku a/kh; kku djus djus djus djus djus djus ds fy, ds fy, fy, ds fy, fy, fy, fy, fy, egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw .Jh kZegSJh kZ.gSJh .gSkZ.lz lzkZgS.kZgSlzkZgSklz srlz srklz ksrksrkHkh srkHkh srHkh ksrsrHkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh cus Hkh cus cus cus cus cus cus cus cus gqgqgqgq,,gq,gqgq,gq,gqgS,gS,gS,,gSa]a]gSa]gSgSa]gSa]gSa]a]a]a] p=Alde vkt ubZ ¼jk"Vª iJh fr Hkou ;k nsrv 'dj kh; lhek ds ckgj Hkkjrh; esrw;g esrw;g aesfrw;g a¼1912 alk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj afydk afydk gSdyk gSdyk gSafd in~ in~ in~ adyk in~ eftlds edk eub etld Jh eub Jh Jh Jh cks cks cks cks cks l l l l l ds ds ds ds ds fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt ;g fp= fp= y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª i1911 iijEijk icgv icgv fr Hkou Hkou Hkou vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ ;k 'vuq kh; kh; kh; lhek lhek lhek ds ds ckgj ckgj Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; esrw;g esrw;g aesfydk eslq lk{kkRdkj a fydk lk{kkRdkj aydk lk{kkRdkj a yd lk{kkRdkj gSafd gSadyk gSfd afd gSin~ afd gSin~ afd in~ adyk in~ adk in~ in~ eub eub enYy Jh enYy Jh enYy Jh Jh Jh cks cks l ds ds fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt ;g fp= fp= y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ fnYyh fnYyh ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª iijEijk iijEijk fr i;efr ies;fr fr Hkou Hkou vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ ;k ;k ;k nsokdjus 'esnska/djus 'l ns'kh; nskku 'klkku kh; 'kku kh; kh; lhek lhek lhek ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; lqafydk lq lq [lq [lq [lk{kkRdkj lqy[ [lqkn [kn [kn [vkS kn [kn kn kn lajkn lay[ lajv la ;djkrs lajuÅ&1986 ;djkrs lajfnYyh ;djkrs ;laksjdjkrs ;ksjek/;e ;xdjkrs ksek/;e x;djkrs xksek/;e ;djkrs ksek/;e xuÅ&1986 ksdjkrs gSksxgSgSxgSdyk gSafd fd dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ y[kuÅ dh dh dh dh dh LFkkiuk LFkkiuk LFkkiuk LFkkiuk LFkkiuk LFkkiuk LFkkiuk LFkkiuk lu~ lu~ lu~ lu~ 1911 1911 1911 1911 1911 1911 1911 es"B esHkou a;erd esdy aHkou esaedy gqeserd agq;Hkou esdks agqrd aerd gqbHkou aerd gqbdy agqbdks gqvkfn½ bZdy gqbZle>us bdks Fkh ZFkh btkdj ZFkh bZd Fkh Zle>us Fkh ZFkh Fkh Fkh vkS vkS vkS vkS j@vkS j@;k vkS j;k j:i jd j'nsvuq ';k nsdjus kdjus 'odjus ds ka/djus ds ka/djus ds ds kdju ds ds izlhek ds iza/lhek izkku [izkku [izlhek [mH izdk izdjus [lhek ;kr [izdjus ;kr [mH ;kr [xkS ;kr [jr ;kr ;kr ;kr dykdkj dykdkj in~ in~ in~ in~ in~ in~ in~ efd;k efd;k in~ eHkkjrh; ed; e.Jh e.Jh Jh y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k dk dk dk dk dk dk dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj % % % % % ldekj % ldekj ldekj % ldekj ldekj ldekj ldekj ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl ckl y[kuÅ&ok'k dk foLrkj % ldekj ckl Û Û Û Û Û Û M Û M M M M M M vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ Û Û M M vo/ vo/ ' ' eJ eJ lq lq lq lq lq d lq d lqd lq d lqqeekj d lde qeekj d qeekj d qey[ d qeekj kjdk d qeekj kjdk qeekj kjdk qetld kj¼1912 qetld kjdk qeekj kjtld qekjdk ustld kjcks uskjcks uskjdk usl'kDr kjAdk usl'kDr Ausl'kDr Ausjy[ Ausl'kDr Acks usuÅ&1986 rwl Ausl'kDr rwy[ Ausrwl'kDr AuA rwuÅ&1986 Al'kDr frwxy Ay[ frwl'kDr Axy fydk rwuÅ&1986 fydk rwldk fydk rwxy fydk rwy[ fydk rwedk fydk rxy fydk fydk fydk dk dk dk izlu~ dk izlu~ d iz"/;e nizlu~ nizlu~ niz"A'kZ nin' 'kZ n"/;e 'kZ nuenYy 'kZ nukdj 'kZ u/;e 'kZ 'kZ unYy 'kZ uub uogh uogh uogh uogh uogh uogh ogh ogh ogh ogh ogh og gks gks rgqgks rgqgks gks rrdu gkvkS rd ra gSrdu krv krgSrdu Fkk kkrav kvkS Fkk k½kjvkS Fkk kav kvkS Fkk tS Fkk tS Fkds tS tS;g l tS ljd tS lds tS lds tS l htS lds hvkS tl lbfrgkl hvkS l hvkS lbfrgkl hl lq hl lq hvkS lq hlqtØ hlq hlq hd lq d lqges d lq d lq lq d lde qeges qeou d qeges kjxad qe;qv kjxa qerbu kj;qgdh kjadh kjadh qeou kjxa;qrdh kjdh kjou dh kjbu kjv dh dh j,d dh dh dh eu%fLFkfr dh d eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu%fLFkfr eu% LF gks gks gks gks gks rdks gks gks rdks gks r"B gks rgks hrgks hrrd g,d hrvkS hrvkS hrFkhA hrFkhA hrFkhA h,l rij FkhA hFkhA hFkhA hFkhA FkhA FkhA FkhA FkhA Fle>us blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, Ah2012 blhfy, blhfy, blhfy, y, rks rks rks rks rks rks izesrks Ñ ize'krkCnh Ñ izAdjus izdju Ñ izdjus Ñ izdy Ñ izedjus Ñ izdjus fr] Ñ iÑ fr] Ñ fr] Ñ fr] fr] fr] fr] /keZ /keZ rx/keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ /keZ ]jjo /keZ ]dy ]d ]xfy, ]v/;kRe ]v/;kRe ej]Zav/;kRe ]v/;kRe ]gv/;kRe ]jgv/;kRe v/;kRe v/;kRe v/;kRe vkfn Re vkfn vkfn vkfn lHkh lHkh ngokg] lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh lH dk dk dk lEiw dk lEiw d lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw .gq,.gq,.,.gqkZdk .,kZdk .rgSkZdk kZkrgSa]kZdk kra]kZgSkra]krgSkra]gSka]kka]a] rlde rrlde ryd ryd rlde yd rryd ryd yd ryd ryd yd v v yd v jec jev ejv /;e ejl /;e ej/;e /;e jl /;e elq /;e ed /;e elqdyk /;e /;e tld tld /;e tld tld tld tld tld xy tld xy xy xy xy edk edk xy xy etUe eizyd FtUe xy eizuÅ&1986 Fdk efrfuf/kRo Aeffo'ks AizFuÅ&1986 efFArfuf/kRo efFdk Frfuf/kRo Aefo'ks Arfuf/kRo efo'ks Arfuf/kRo Fizlu~ Fenizlu~ e/;e Fnizlu~ Anizlu~ enizAub /;e e"'kZ /;e /;e ekdj /;e eudj v /;e v /;e v /;e v v jv jv jv v jjgs rdu jrdu v jjgs rdu v jjgs jjgs v jjgs jd jkrgqv jkvkS d d d d d d d d d lH d lH d lH d lH d lH lH lH lH ou lH lH lH ou ou v ou v v v d v d d v v d d v ij d ij ij d ij d d ij d ij d ij d "B d "B ij d d "B d "B d "B "B rd d "B rd rd rd "B rd "B rd rd rd t t rd t rd rd t dj t dj dj dj dj dj t d dj d d dj d dj d ed dj ed ed e:i el dju erks dju d ea/l dju erks d dju dju dju d dju d d dju d d d d xfr] d xd xo"kks d xd jo d jo d jo xjdy x/keZ jo xd jo gds jo jo jo gfy, ly jo gly gv/;kRe ly gv/; ly gd ly gjd ly gegRoiw ly d; ly d; d; d; d; d; gkZlz d; d; gmH lde lde jev jl ce/;e jec cedyk c l l l ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 y[ y[ uÅ&1986 ub ub ub ub nYy nYy nYy nYy d v rxou rnks gnks rnks gul gnks gd eij eij ul eiVy ul ul iVy iVy iVy iVy ij ij ij ,d ,d ,d ,d ,l ,l ,l cgv ;fr] ;Ñ ;djus efr] ;djus eo"kks e/keZ ex/keZ dy dy d d d jly jesly d jd d N N N jr jr jr jr g] g] g] lde lde jlde jrlde cyd jyd cv lcv jvjv l l¼1912 c¼1912 ¼1912 l ¼1912 ¼1912 y[ y[ uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 ub ub nYy nYy ½jgs d tØ tØ v tØ v rbfrgkl r,d v gd rqeges v ekjxa rdh gou ul edh gnks ul eksud ul iVy ul ij ij ,d ,d ij ij ,d ,d ,l cgv ,l ,l cgv cgv ;ld cgv ;esa/dks eaA'krkCnh ;izrkku ;kku dy efr] dy dy jZa]gv/;kRe N jegRoiw d N oNly N N mH oamYykliw mH jr o.vkfn mH jr g] jr g] g] g] jlde cjvv ¼1912 y[ ub nYy d tØ v gqev ev ij ,d ,l cgv ;izl eÑ dy mH jr g] fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks "eArfuf/kRo "Akdj kdj "e/;e kdj "'kZ kdj "'kZ kdj kdj kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k ds ds ds bfrgkl bfrgkl ds bfrgkl bfrgkl bfrgkl bfrgkl ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ hle>us ht ds ds hblhfy, ds ht ds hblhfy, ds ds ds :i ds :i :i :i esdks esd esa/cgv Alkku aA;es/edju aAes/cgv esl'krkCnh Adju eskku aA'krkCnh dyk dyk dyk dyk dk l'kDr izydk izydk fFeiztUe ffo'ks rfuf/kRo rfuf/kRo fdk rfuf/kRo dj dj dj dj jgs jgs jgs gSa½d gSardu gSesrdu a rgSgks ardu vkS vkS jFkk jaFkk jd j½vkS ;g ;g ;g ;g ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ;q,d ;qou ;qd ;qrqegxad ;qou xqebu xqe;qbu dh dh dh dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk dks dks dks le>us le>us le>us le>us le>us @cgv @dj @ht vuq vuq @bl vuq @:i vuq vuq l,l lvuq l kku kku kku djus ds ds ds ds ds fy, fy, egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw .avkfn .avkfn .vkfn kZ.mYykliw kZ.mYykliw kZd; kZv lz.ojr klHkh srgkZlHkh ksrmH srlzgklHkh srmH cus cus cus cus cus gqlEiw gqcus gqlEiw gq,lEiw gqg] ,lEi. gS,.rgqkZgS.r,kZdk a],.krgSkZdk a].kr,kZgSa]krdk dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk l'kDr izuÅ&1986 izFdk izdk rfuf/kRo izAedk ffo'ks fFdk fub dj dj dj dj dj jgs gSa kvkS gSagqv a½Fkk gSFkk ardu vkS jtS j½ds jtS ;g jvkS ;g ;g ;g ;g ,d ,d ,d xadh ;qbu xdh dh dh dh dh dh dyk dyk dyk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk dks dks dks dks dks le>us le>us @ds @:i vuq @:i vuq @dks vuq @:i vuq l a/erks a/eAcgv kku /izrks /aAdju kku a/dy kku djus djus djus ds ds ds ds fy, fy, fy, egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw .lzgkZd; .gkZlzolHkh .lz kZkjr lzkZosrgklHkh lz lz lzgksrHkh kmH srogHkh ksrogHkh kmH srHkh srogHkh Hkh Hkh Hkh cus cus cus cus gqgS.rkZdk lq lq lq lq d lq d lq/;e d lqd d lq d d d d ekj cks cks cks cks l l cks l l l l dk dk dk dk tUe tUe tUe tUe tUe 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 1912 esnYy esgks es½gks esgks a esrdu esgks a ½rgSesrdu gqgks gq½v gqFkk gqv krtØ v k½Fkk ktØ Fkk kFkk kFkk Fkk Fkk Fkk Fkk Fkk vkS vkS jvkS jtØ jv jd jlH ges jtØ ges jou jtØ ges ges bu bu bu nks ueu%fLFkfr nks ueeu%fLFkfr unks ksuul aiVy ksdyk uij avfoLej.kh; uavfoLej.kh; ksd o"kks ksdyk uo"kks a kseo"kks avfoLej.kh; ksa d o"kks ksiVy avfoLej.kh; o"kks o"kks a vfoLej.kh; o"kks o"kks Za ul ZaiVy Za ijEijk 2011 2011 Za iVy 2011 Zad Za "B 2011 Zaij 2011 2011 Za "B 2011 2011 vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS j,l vkS jt jle>us jhdM+ 2012 jht 2012 2012 jt jdj 2012 2012 2012 2012 dks dks dks dks dks 'krkCnh 'krkCnh 'krkCnh 'krkCnh o"kks o"kks o"kks o"kks o"kks o"kks Zafy, Zafy, Zax/jo ds Zafy, Zgaxd ds ds ds Zajo ds :i ds :i :i :i :i :i :i :i esNoesegRoiw esly ad; esod amH esd; avkfn mYykliw esvkfn mYykliw aovkfn esmYykliw mYykliw aN mYykliw oHkh oZdk d Zdk d oZdk d oHkh Zdk d oZdk d Zdk d Zd eukus Zdk d eukus eukus eukus eukus eukus eukus eukus y[kuÅ&ok'k dk foLrkj % ldekj ckl y[kuÅ&ok'k dk foLrkj % ckl Û M vo/ ' eJ Û Û ÛesfnYyh ÛfnYyh Ûy, Û Mr"B Û Mrrd Mij Û M"B MÛiÑ Md ÛrMiÑ ÛMd Ûrd Mr"B Md vo/ Mvo/ Mvo/ vo/ Mvo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ vo/ 't vo/ 'i/er'fr 'fr 'fr 'eJ 't eJ eJ eJ 'et eJ 'eeJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ eJ Û;ldekj M vo/ ' eJ esle>us esrfo'ks esvolj esyd a esfo'ks ayd lk{kkRdkj aelk{kkRdkj esd alk{kkRdkj esyd alk{kkRdkj atld lk{kkRdkj ealk{kkRdkj aelk{kkRdkj ain' lk{kkRdkj l Rd djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs djkrs jegqv djkrs djkrs djkrs dj gS;g gSain~ gSain~ gSain~ in~ ineJ Jh elq eds Jh e[/;e Jh ebfrgkl Jh Jh Jh Jh cks cks cks cks cks cks l cks la;cks cks la;cksbu l ds ds ds l ds l ds ds ds fp=A fp=A d fp=A fp=A fp=A fp=A vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt vkt v ;g ;g ;g ;g t ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g fp= ;g fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= p= y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[kuÅ] y[ uÅ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ubZ ub fnYyh fnYyh nYy ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼jk"Vª ¼j ird fr idh idh fr iLFkkiuk iLFkkiuk fr fr Hkou fr Hkou Hkou Hkou rHkou Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou Hdj vkfn½ ou vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ vkfn½ ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k ;k 'bnsZd 'gqbnsjo nsd 'FkhA kh; 'bnslH nsd kh; n' kh; 'aesFkhA kh; 'aeskh; kh; lhek lhek lhek lhek lhek lhek lhek l ds eFkh ds ds ds ds ckgj ckgj ds ds ckgj d ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj ckgj gj Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkkjrh; Hkh Hkkjrh; Hds Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; HizLdkj jr lde lde lde lde lde lde jyd jryd uA jrv uA jyd juA jryd uA jyd uA ruA uA ruA uA rjyd uA r/;e yd rv rjyd ryd yd r/;e yd d d d d d d in' d in' d in' d in' in' d in' utld uxy uy[kuÅ&ok'k uin' og udjkrs ua/y[kuÅ&ok'k og uxy og ukku og ugqv og og udjkrs ugqv og ugv gv gerFkgSxy og rgSagF;g gArgSain~ grFokLro rFokLro grain~ grlq Fain~ rain~ F/;e geokLro Fds r[okLro Fds tl FAJh r[kn tl Flq tl tl tl tl lde tl lde lde lde lde lde jgSdh lde jdh jfd d d d jksd eu% jeu% d eu% eu% d eu% d eu% eu% eu% LF LF eu% LF eu% LF eu% LF LF LF r,oa LF rLF r;g LF rf'kYi gLF rfp= rgfp= LF rgf'kYi rf'kYi g,fj'rk rfp= gf'kYi rgf'kYi rgf'kYi rgdM+ gry[kuÅ] rFlH grou FdM+ grFHkh rHkh gdM+ Fy[kuÅ] rou FAhHkh FdM+ Ad Fou Aegkfo|ky;] bl Ad bl AhFkkA Abl Fds AFds AFkkA F:i Abl bl Ad bl Alqbl y, y, Aij bl y, bl y, bl y, y, y, y, rÛ y, raAd y, rÛ y, iÑ iÑ rdh iÑ iÑ iÑ rdh rdyk iÑ 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la la ;Hkh la ;y[kuÅ la ;y[kuÅ la ;lu ksy[kuÅ la ks;uÅ t ks;LF t ;;g t ksiu ;FkkA ks2012 ;v ksu] t ks2012 u] ksu] t kst u] u] u] u] Nfo Nfo u] Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo Nfo fp=] fp=] fp=] vew vew vew vew vew revew rkxq.ro" Zrk.vkS Zv rnh{kk&y[kuÅ rnh{kk&y[kuÅ ro" Zfp= rv fp= rFZvkS Zo" Zv fp= Zk;keh fp= fp= fp= vkS vkS vkS vkS jevkS vkS vkS jmYy vkya vkya vkya jmYy vkya vkya vkya vkya vkya kfjd kfjd kfjd kfjd kfjd kfjd kfjd la la la la ;y[kuÅ la ;y[kuÅ ;y[kuÅ ksua rmHkjs la ks;esvfHkO;fDr t ks;mHkjs kst ;vfHkO;fDr uks t t t t a@uineJ a@vkys uks vkys a@jAvkys uks a@umUgks a@d a@ds a@Ads vkys [mUgks [ds [ds [y, kuks kuks [ds kuks [ineJ kuks [xzsauds [dyk&la kuks akkuks axzksE; kuks ds asds as kE; axzek/;e ds akE; ds lkFk lkFk ds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk fHkfRrfp= fHkfRrfp= fHkfRrfp= fHkfRrfp= cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A fo/kkvks gh gh gh gh gh ugha ugha ugha ugha ugha cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd vus vus vus d d d fo"k;ks fo"k;ks fo"k;ks dks dks dks Hkh Hkh Hkh viuk viuk jpuk jpuk jpuk jpuk jpuk fo"k; 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/;e v /;e v v j/;e jds v v jek/;e mue jp&cl F[Fksug A[cA{jsFks ml y[ d dy o| y; ekko bl rcd ldyk t jds jgr jdy yxH exE; v jds FFAFAAFmue lde AAlde Alde Ao/ lde lde lde lde jv jjp&cl jv jjp&cl d jv d jv d d dy dy dy dy dy nFug {jsFksnYd nAYd &y[ &y[ {&y[ &y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ l l lle; l l gb l l gb gb gb gb gb Fy[ Fdh Fy[ Ad Ajdy y[ Aikrs Ady y[ y[ Ady y[ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ d d d d dy dy dy dy &lLd &lLd &lLd &lLd &lLd jHe;iz,A jHy; jHkko jc jHkko jvkfn mue mue F[;jgs F;jgs Aet A;jds A;eds A;jgs ml ml ml le; le; le; y[ uÅ d d d d dy dy eg eg eg eg o| o| o| y; y; y; y; en'; edyk** edyk** bl bl bl cds cds cjd c,d rjek/;e rv rjds rv d dd d [[vyx lllsllsllslslsttttliod jjjjjgr jgr jgr jgreu FFFF uddddddy dy dy dydddd foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs Fkseg Fksjgs Fksaesjpu Aad FksesAjpu Fkseg Ajpu Fks,d Afo/kk Ajpu A,d Aeg Ajpu jsFkscnAug jsFks[ncjsml js[cAYd [cml kkvks kkvks kkvks avud aog a &y[ dh aFvud dh anle; dh y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k esjgs esjpu esFksdy atUe ,d a Yi ad ,d ,d Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk ize&lLd izo" izey[kuÅ H;izHcu Hy; Hizy[kuÅ Hy; kko kko kko vkfn vkfn y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ dyk dyk ds og og og xqij xqog xqjjgr xqdy .og xq.jgr kog kog .jxqFkog vkS vkS jvkS jd jd jvo'; izjdy HuÅ izd H:i Hizd Hizkko Hizkko tks tks tks lq lq lqd lqjd d qen' qelq qd emUg ejfd kjqemUg kjqemUg kjxd kjkjque^^y[kuÅ dh dh vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr ds ds ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ls[lslsmYy lsls lde cAokrkoj.k d lu 1912 ekko Fy[kuÅ v jdj bu njgr 2011 v jdy 2012 d rE; o" :i ej[vyx [cFjskkvks [A{og jsAYd [{FAYd [og kkvks kkvks kkvks aml dh acavud dh acay;kRedrk] dh y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k esFks,d esAo| aesFks ady esfo/kk ad ,d ady ,d a dy ,d ,d Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk izcu iz,A iz,A Hkko kko vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ dyk dyk dyk ds ds ds ds og xq.Fo" xq.dy .jxqkog .vkS kvkS .FvkS vkS kvo'; vkS vkS vkS jizuÅ jgb jdy jkko Hizkko Hkko izpkgrs Hpkgrs kko kko kko kko tks tks tks lqjxd lq lq lqFksd d kjlH que^^y[kuÅ kjqedh kjlH kju^^y[kuÅ kjx^^y[kuÅ dh dh dh vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr ds ds ds ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ;g l[ l; xy[ g;y d ,o 'eseg eg o| y; y[ LF iu 1911 eFjd FeHkko d i[; r/;e d ineJ FksnAcA{jsFks[nYd og A{og og og cadh ca&y[ cavud caavud xcale; xdh ky xuÅ ky xdh ky xml xuÅ ky ky xy;kRedrk] ky ky ky Ldw Ldw Ldw Ldw Ldw Ldw Ldw Ldw y y y y y dh y dh dh dh dh dh dh ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ escmue eslde esmue eslde a esa esbl alde izeslde izajuÅ esy[kuÅ iza rc l izjy[kuÅ al izcl izrajH[d izc kjjl izrjp&cl l[jjp&cl kjl kjl kjHjcgv rks kjd rks kjrks rks rks dj dj dj dj dj jgs jgs jgs Fksejgr Fkseml Fks;og Fksdy Fks;ds ij Fks ij ij ij ij ij og og vo'; vo'; vo'; vo'; pkgrs pkgrs Fkslq FksjjA FksmH Fksd FksjA FksmH fd Fksd fd fd fd fd ^^y[kuÅ ^^y[kuÅ dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx deZ deZ deZ deZ deZ deZ deZ deZ deZ LdeLF LdeLF LfoLrkj LFkyh Lp Fkyh LFkyh LFkyh Fkyh Lp Fkyh LFkyh Fkyh Fkyh Fkyh y fnYyh y fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh fnYyh nYy nYy gks gks uAgks ujr gks u;/gks uo" sud gchloha sujr sulu sds ul; sds uo" ds usds ds uHjr sl; ds uo" sds sds ds ds ckotw ds ckotw ckotw d ckotw ckotw ckotw ckotw ckotw ckotw co| clnh ngv otn nNtu otn nviu nds neds nviu lq nN lq nds lq nviu lqNlq d lq d lq lq d lqfoN d lqp= lde d lde qeuod qeuokjp= qeukjp= kjun'kd efla kjo" qebl kjp= kjjpu kjesfla kjjpu esLro kjp= esn'kd esp= esgjfla a esjver esg]av eso" ay[kuÅ esg]ay[kuÅ es;ay[kuÅ e]ao" y[kuÅ ay[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[ uÅ uÅ ds ds ds ds ds ds ds dyk&la ds dyk&la dyk&la d dyk&la dyk&la dy dy LHv &lLd Ljgr &lLd Ljgr Ldkj Ldkj Ldkj Ldkj dkj dkj iz;f'kYi eizjf'kYi eizHj'r jf'kYi eizjd ef'kYi izcgv eiz;gk¡ q[eiz;gk¡ q[l; eie[ q[l; q[l; ecgv q[d krk e;gk¡ q[l; q[jkrk q[;gk¡ krk q[etu krk q[l; krk krk krk krk ls ls rlsigys rtu ls ls fn[krs ls;d fn[krs ls fn[krs l@v fn[krs l fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs n[ gSjpukjr gSjraujpukjr gSaAraresd gSaAd gSaAaesd o.kks aA:i gA aAo.kks aAxjo.kks aAxla:i o.kks o.kks o.kks o. o. Zad Zadh ZFadh Zadh Zadh ZeFadh le` le` le` le` le` fRr fmH le f)] f)] f)] f)] )] f)] )] )] ) rkuks ) rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks ramUg axua,A adh adh adh u,A adh adh dh dh dh d d la laxdk la oizlan'; oladq oHizla oHizlasndq oHizlonu snolonu snE; oHkko snoHizuk'khyrk] sndq sndq sndq uk'khyrk] sndq snekjdq uk'khyrk] snkko ''Hkh yr p= p= p= p= p= p= p= p= p= lj p= lj lj p= lj lj lj lj p= lj lj p= p= p= p= p= p p= p pug pdeZ pfoLrkj M; p M; p M; p M; M; p M; M; p M; ij M; ij M; ij M; ij ij ij ij v ij v ij v ij v v v ij /v v v jr v /gYnkj jr /gks jr /gYnkj jr jr /chloha l; /chloha jr jr jr l; l; l; l; tu tu tu l; tu l; tu l; tu tu tu tu Nnds tu N oy; oN oJheq oN od oN oqfeuviu p= N oqp= oqp= p= ver ver ver ver p= p= p= p= p= v v p= v v v jd v jdyk&la v jv v v jdyk&la v v jl,A jlde v v jHlde yd v jyd v yd v jdykdkj yd yd yd yd v yd jd yd jd yd yd jd jd jd jd l; jd l; l; jd l; jd tu tu tu l; tu l; tu tu @v @v tu @v @v @v tu y[ @v y[ y[ @v y[ @v y[ y[ @v y[ y[ ujpukjr y[ udy y[ uesy[ ugSaAjpukjr uj:i ugSaAd d uo.kks ud d uo.kks l lo.kks d l Fd l l l le:i Fl HjA Fdh Hdh FgqFks HFks FFks HAmUg Rr H/;e Hle p= Hf)] p= Rr p= HjA Rr p= Rr p= p= Rr Rr p= p= cu p= cu p= cu cu p= cu cu cu ,A cu cu ,A cu cu ,A ,A cu ,A ,A o/ o/ o/ o/ v v v v gp= gp= gc gYd ug ug ug cYd c c Yd c Yd Yd Yd vud vud vud ;ds ;jr ;viu d d d d HNds Hds HN Hrhljs viu viu jpu o" o" ;d ;kjqekjqep= cu cu cu ,A ,A ,A lde jLdkj jjd jcgv Hf'kYi Hjizcgv Hf'kYi cgv cgv ;egkfo|ky; 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O; Dr ds Dr ds ds ds ds ds ds ds ek/;e ds ek/;e ds ek/;e d ek/;e d ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e e e /;e /;e ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls ls l l deLF deLF deLF deLF deLF deLF deLF deLF deLF deLF deLF y deLF y y y y y y y y nYy nYy y nYy y nYy y nYy nYy nYy nYy nYy nYy nYy g nYy g g g u g u g u g g u g u d u d g u d g u d u g d d u c d u c d u c d c d otn c c otn c otn d c otn c otn otn c otn c otn otn c otn otn lde lde otn lde lde lde lde lde lde lde lde lde j j lde j j e j e j e j j e j e y[ e j y[ e j y[ e e y[ j y[ e y[ e y[ y[ e uÅ y[ uÅ uÅ y[ y[ uÅ uÅ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ d uÅ d uÅ d d uÅ d d dy d dy d dy d dy d dy d dy dy d dy dy &lLd &lLd dy &lLd dy &lLd dy &lLd &lLd &lLd &lLd &lLd &lLd &lLd &lLd j j j j ie[ j ie[ j ie[ j j ie[ j ie[ ie[ j ie[ j ie[ ie[ j ie[ r ie[ r r ie[ r r r l r l r l r l r l r l l r n[ l n[ l n[ l n[ l n[ n[ l n[ r n[ r n[ r n[ r n[ r gA r gA n[ r gA r gA r gA gA r gA r o. gA o. r gA o. o. gA o. gA o. o. gA o. o. d o. d o. d o. d d d d d le d le le d le d le le d le le ) le ) ) le le ) ) le ) ) ) r ) r r ) r ) u r u r ) u r r u r u u d r u d r d u r u u u lonu d lonu lonu d lonu d lonu lonu d lonu lonu lonu lonu lonu lonu ' ' ' ' ' yr ' yr ' yr ' ' yr yr ' yr ' yr yr ' yr yr yr yr p=] p=] p=] p=] lj lj lj lj p=] p=] p=] p=] p p p M; p M; M; M; ij ij ij ij v v v / v / / / jr jr jr jr l; l; l; l; tu] tu] tu] tu] N N N o N o o o p=] p=] p=] p=] ver ver ver ver p= p= p= p= v v v j v j j v j v v yd v yd yd yd jd jd jd jd l; l; l; l; tu tu tu tu @v @v @v @v y[ y[ y[ y[ u u d d l l l F l F F F H H H Rr H Rr Rr Rr p= p= p= p= cu cu cu cu ,A ,A ,A ,A p=] p=] lj p=] ljlj p=] lj p=] p=] p=] p=] pchloha pchloha p M; pM; M; ij M; ij ij v v ij v /lkFk /lH v /rhljs jr /n'kd l; jr l; jr l; tu] oy N p=] N p=] odh p=] odh ver ver ver ver p= p= v p= p= v v jok'k jok'k v jdk v yd jfp=.k jfp=.k yd yd v jd yd jd l; jd l; tu @v @v y[ @v ule; y[ uo" uuÅ d d d l Fvflr Fa og l Hl FoHdq Hosnjgr Rr p= HgYnkj p= Rr p= Rr cu p= p= cu ,A cu ,A cu ,A ,A p=] p=] pM; ij v /gh tu] ocks p=] ver p= v jfp=.k v yd y[ uale; d l Fdq Rr p= cu ,A tp=] jp=] jgr Fljlj d dy d jp yxH ejr /;e v jLdw v gkdyk ug cfp=.k vud o" ;yd Haesfodflr jpu ;aij cu ,A lde cgv ;fd jdyk** ddyk** :i,d e,d mH jAvmUg mue FqeN Aqeij ml le; y[ uÅ d dy eg bl cgqFks ry[ d [rkuks lvflr tdh Fpkgrs d dy d xdyk** lH e,d /;e j ux volj iM; Ir gA oFksgh Lro nd uij ecks ,d xgj j'r Hok'k Fdk Adk lde d dy {@v &y[ gb Fjola uÅ dy jddyk** okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jgv vkS jdsds jij lkFk jds lkFk jxlkFk jrhljs jrhljs lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk gh gh lq gh lq lq lq d lq d lqn'kd d lq d lqd qed qd eescaesd qeesl; kjcaqexkjtu] qetu] kjlq kjd cks cks cks llq l cks lky cks lkjqeoN ij l l ij ij ij ij ij iM+ iM+ iM+ iM+ iM+ kcks iM+ kdh Akldh Al Akdh kl Ap=] kdyk y[kuÅ Ay[kuÅ Aver y[kuÅ kdyk Ap=] y[kuÅ Aok'k y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ esf'kYi esf'kYi esf'kYi esf'kYi a Yd esp= a f'kYi esatks estks atks esfo/kk a fo/kk atks tks afo/kk tks afo/kk tks ok'k tks ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fodflr bAml gqbml gqdj bAZdj gqbZmles bmles mles bjgs Z Aml bZmles mles Z mles Z mles mles ale; arkuks aFksle; a ij rkuks rkuks rkuks al aij aog dh dh aog dh a laog dh dh aog dh dh laFog lavo'; lavo'; ladq olavo'; lavo'; ola odq snkjoHu'khyrk u'khyrk snekjsnu'khyrk u'khyrk snkjeu'khyrk u'khyrk ij ij ij ij ij ij ij ij tks tks tks jds tks jds jtks fn;k jiz^^y[kuÅ fn;k jiz^^y[kuÅ fn;k jeiz,A j/&lLd fn;k fn;k fn;k x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA Fksjr Fksv Fksrhljs Fksjr AFksgh A/n'kd Fksgh An'kd FksAgh og Fks An'kd og An'kd og AAn'kd og Ajp&cl og og og og og caqel; catu] caky xkjeslqaky xcacks xkjcks ky xaesbu ky xatu] ky ky ky Ldw Ldw Ldw y Ldw y y y y y dh dh ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk dk dk dk dk dk y[kuÅ dk y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ esa nhf{kr esa esy; aesfodflr izjd esfodflr izesizl; a esfodflr al izfodflr all; izafodflr l izfodflr aizviu lizl; kjgqelkjtu l kjgq,kjrks kjgq,tu rks kj,rks rks rks rks dj dj dj dj dj dj jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs Fksy[ jgs Fksa Fks Fksrkuks Fksrkuks Fks ij Fksrkuks Fksa vflr ij ij ij ij ij og og og vo'; vo'; vo'; vo'; pkgrs pkgrs pkgrs pkgrs pkgrs pkgrs pkgrs Fkscu Fksogk¡ Fksd Fks FksFkstks fd Fkstks fd Fkstks fd Fks fd fd fd fd ^^y[kuÅ ^^y[kuÅ dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx anhf{kr chloha chloha chloha chloha lnh lnh lnh lnh lnh ds ds ds rhljs rhljs rhljs n'kd esqecaxkjaescaexqal; aesky lq lq d d d qelq qd ellqd eLdw kjLdw kjLdw kjqeo/ cks cks cks ldh l lcks lcks l dyk dyk dyk dyk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; esfo/kk eso| esjd esfo/kk aesjd a fo/kk a nhf{kr aesjd nhf{kr gqizlkjgqll; gqkj,tu gq,l Fks,@v Fksgqtu A,gqFks Arks A@v ml le; le; le; le; vflr vflr vflr vflr dq dq edq esnvo'; esnFRr eoAkjeu'khyrk kjdq kjHey[ gYnkj gYnkj ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ds ds ds izfd /^^y[kuÅ izfn;k /iz^^y[kuÅ kkukpk;Z /iz^^y[kuÅ kkukpk;Z /^^y[kuÅ kkukpk;Z kkukpk;Z chloha chloha chloha chloha lnh lnh lnh lnh lnh ds ds ds ds rhljs rhljs rhljs n'kd n'kd escakjalq aesxcks lq lqN ad a Ldw d lq d qekjN kjqey kjcks qoey kjiM+ kjiM+ kjdh cks l l dyk dyk dyk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa f'kYi f'kYi egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; esanhf{kr esnhf{kr nhf{kr a nhf{kr nhf{kr nhf{kr gqnkj,Fksgqtu gqFksrks ,rks ,FksAgqdj Fksgqby[ Fks AZml Fks Aml AZml ml ml ml le; le; vflr vflr vflr dq dq esnRr kjgYnkj eu'khyrk kjpkgrs kjjgYnkj kjgYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ dsjds ds ds ds izfn;k /^^y[kuÅ izjkkukpk;Z /izdy kkukpk;Z /kkukpk;Z /x;kA kkukpk;Z /yxH kkukpk;Z kkukpk;Z foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj oLr oLr ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ioj. ircjgs jgs jgs roj. jgs jgs jgs Fks jgs jg Fks jg A;Fks Aoj. Alde Ac Fo" Alde Acu Acu Acu Acu Acu jelsx. rjmH jg Frgq,vkfn An[ oLr oLr jmH jmH irmH rjA jg jg FmUg At j[ j[ j[ j[ j[ j[ j[ v j[ j[ v v j[ v j[ v v v v d v d v y; y; y; y; y; y; y; y; Redr Redr Redr Redr od ojpu oc rbruh orjbruh orcikrs orbruh oj. rjgs ooj. rotn ojgs roj. ogYdh oj. roj. roj. oj. r;Fks egYdh eA;Fks oj. eAcu eFo" ,d ,d ,d eijrks ,d ,d ,d eijrks ,d elde ,d e,A H,d H,A Ha ,d Hdks ,d Heua,A Hlde Hlde Helde udks Hlde udks iH uHO;ogkj iH iH Hcuk,A uO;ogkj iH iH uO;ogkj ouÅ iH ojeHjHy[ ojHiH iH oeHv oHiH v ojHy[ v ojcgv v oesd v nesacgv nesuÅ ocgv v v y[ nay[ nv y[ n;dy y[ y[ y[ y[ uÅ y[ nds uÅ uÅ y[ y[ uÅ uÅ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ dy dy dy dy dy d dy d og og og og og og x. og x. x. og og og x. v v v v v jmH v jmH v v jiH iH v jmH iH v jd iH jmH iH jmUg iH iH jrsn[ ol iH on[ iH oiH otmUg ougqiH t oulsvkfn ouls txut ols t lde oE; t lde t lde t lde t lde lde lde jn'; jn'; lde jn'; jd jd d jn'; d jlkFk d jlkFk d jle v jlkFk d v d v Hle d v Hgh v Hv O; Hgh v HO; v HvYi Hv O; H)] Dr O; 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d dy jikjn'khZ lH jvyx jamue jaFksRedr javiu xRedr javiu jaFksHksxRedr jaFksksuxfoLrkj ksxfoLrkj jaFks xaFksksRedr dh ksxdh aog dh aviu dh dh bruh bruh gYdh gYdh gYdh gYdh gYdh gYdh ijrks ijrks ijrks ijrks ijrks ijrks a ,d a,A dks a lde dks a uok'k dks ajok'k O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj esy[ acgv esgYnkj aocgv yk;k a nyk;k esafo/kk a nuÅ yk;k yk;k a nv yk;k yk;k yk;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd jaJheq jaJheq jady xJheq xja&lLd xJheq jay; xesjd ,d xafesuj,d xfesjaufjizd ,d ,d ,d ,d nw:i nw:i l nw:i l nw:i nwj]oLr l nwrj]x. jsl l l lsx. js'kehmTtek jslsl lsx. >k¡ ls lsx. >k¡ >k¡ >k¡ >k¡ d >k¡ d >k¡ d rsjgs d rsv rsd rsFksjgs rsiH gqjjgs gq,Fvkfn ,mUg ,t ,gA ls fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs gSgSn'; gSlde gSajn'; gSa d gSa lkFk gSn'; ad lkFk gSad a lkFk av lkFk av lkFk gh gh gh gh vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ jaja,d ja]xvyx xvyx ja]xvyx jajavyx ksxdyk jaksxv a ksxvyx jaa x]avyx ksdks ksxdks adyk ksdks avyx ksmH adyk dks ksdks a dks a dks dksdk vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj ds ds ds ds ds ds ds ds igys igys igys igys igys Jheq Jheq Jheq Jheq fjaie[ fuxjja,d fla fla gjizog gl fla grks grks ]x. ge'kehmTtek ]x. ]kjx. ]rks ]relsv 'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ igys igys igys igys igys igys igys igys lsuls ls ls^^y[kuÅ ls^^y[kuÅ jpukjr lsikjn'khZ jpukjr jpukjr ls jpukjr jpukjr jpukjr jpukjr Fksl,oa Fkslonu Fks,oa Fksdyk** Fks'vikjn'khZ Fksdyk** Fksdyk** vkS FksvkS Fksvikjn'khZ vkS vkS vkS jevkS j'mudh j]mudh jmudh j'/;e jyr mudh mudh mudh mudh dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk izizizHizHizHizkko izHkko izkko HizuHkko HHkko kko Hkko kko Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh iwHkh iwiwjiwn'; 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y; y; y; Redr Redr Redr Redr ] ] o ] o ] o r o r r oj. r oj. oj. oj. e e e ,d e ,d ,d ,d H H H u H u u u iH iH iH iH o o o v o v v v n n n y[ n y[ y[ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ dy dy dy dy d d d d og og og og x. x. x. x. v v v j v j j iH iH j iH iH o o o t o t t t lde lde lde lde j j j d d j d d v v v v H H H O; O; H O; O; Dr Dr Dr Dr d d d d e e e /;e e /;e /;e /;e l l l l j[ j[ j[ v j[ v j[ v d v d v d y; d y; d y; Redr y; Redr y; Redr Redr Redr ] ] o ] o r o ] r oj. ] r o oj. o oj. r r oj. e oj. e ,d e ,d e ,d e H ,d H ,d u H u H u iH H iH u iH u o iH o iH v o v o v n o n v y[ n v y[ y[ n n uÅ y[ uÅ y[ uÅ dy uÅ dy uÅ dy dy d dy d d og og d og d x. og x. og x. v x. v x. v j j iH v j iH v iH j o j iH o iH t o t o t lde o lde t lde t lde j lde j d j d d j v j d v d v H H O; v H O; v O; H Dr H Dr O; Dr O; d Dr d Dr d e e d /;e e d /;e /;e e e /;e l /;e l l l l j[ v d y; Redr ] o r oj. e ,d H u iH o v n y[ uÅ dy d og x. v j iH o t lde j d v H O; Dr d e /;e l d j d :i e mH jA chloha mUg uvlo xlnh n'; 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jpu lfo/kk jpu llQs jpu l jpu jpu llQs jpu l jpu jpu jpu jpu jr jr jr Fod Fdk jr jr FPabLrs v FbLrs Fksak]lq v v jizv v Fbe;lq v mud jxizmud v jxyrk jxmud jky mud mud mud dy dy dy dy dy dy dy d dy d d iH d d iH iH iH d iH odk osn** iH oiH o** iH Hdy oHgSij ovkLokn Hoij HvkLokn oog H** H,d oij H** ij H"** Hog HDr ij Fog Fog AFcx AFcu Acu og og Acu og og cx cx cx cx y y y d o+kr'lkFk 'fd;k 'fd;k 'fd;k p=. p=. p=. o/ d d y[ y[ y[ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ j"aiks jiks rd rds r;nk&dnk r;g dj dj dj jg jg jg Fp=. ij Fl ij ij ij og og og vo'; vo'; vo'; p p gr gr Fksxlq Fafd;k Fd Flq d d ^^y[ ^^y[ ^^y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ dy dy dy ** ** ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx Fv Fv AvFv Av og Av Fog Fv og Av cx ALrRo og cx y cx y cx Ldy Ldy y Ldy y Ldy Ldy 'oftZ p=. p=. p=. o/ y[ d y[ d y[ uÅ y[ elonu uÅ euÅ ey[kuÅ il il jgSnizaAsegSdy rnv ril rHjuÅ dj rj[ jg dj jg jg Fjfy, jg Fdj ij ij Ffp=.k ij ij ij vo'; og og vo'; vo'; vo'; p p gr gr FZmud d Ffd;k ^^y[ ^^y[ ^^y[ uÅ uÅ dy uÅ dy uÅ ** dy ,d ** ,d vyx vyx ,d vyx vyx vyx FLrRo ALrRo cx y Ldy o/ d y[ uÅ il res"iqHiks jg Fjg og vo'; 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lds ldscks O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj esjksigy esesoftZ esesoFkks aesesd aavkS es'd oftZ aa v oftZ oftZ a Migy oftZ rfd;k rp=. rfojks rfd;k fd;k fd;k x;kA x;kA x;kA gkbZ gkbZ gkbZ y y kbV y kbV kbV kbV kbV vkS vkS vkS vkS jldrh jAil [kq jy [kq [kq y y y y syr siqjHaAdy sHaAiqdy izdj kko kko Heskko kko ds ds ds fy, fy, fy, dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dh dh dh dh dh lQs lQs lQs lQs np njafodflr ndk njaksxjr dk bLrs bLrs bLrs eegb eeZmles ky eeZmles ky ky fd;k fd;k x;kA ;g lkjh lkjh lkjh lkjh lkjh fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks "bruh "fd;k krk,¡ ",d krk,¡ "tks krk,¡ "bruh krk,¡ krk,¡ lq lqfn;k lq d qed qeldrk kjqeldrk kjqecks kjx;kA kjog kjx;kA cks cks cks cks lx. lds ldsds lds lds oLr jagYn ifp=ks oLr oLr jjaAxnwjod inwd inwjaa;g inwod rdk Fgb Amle Axgb Aks;xd jads jalds xjajgSAFds xl ja,A xcu ksxgSgjafp=ks xl jads ksxdh jx al a ksdh ksdh alde ksdh a,A dh a lde dh dh dh bruh d bruh d bruh bruh gYdh gYdh ijrks ijrks ijrks ijrks ijrks ijrks ijr aldrh at at dks akst a dks auy[ dks audks aulg] dks d d O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;og O;og esizd es'uÅ arizejesft jizes;nk&dnk arft yk;k an' armTte yk;k a yk;k aizyk;k a yk;k aot yk;k yk;k y x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x; x; fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd jady javikjn'khZ jad xnjao/ d xjjaxo/ janxjao/ xdy javko';drk xnoLr jao/ xc ja,d xo/ ,d xo/ ,d x,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d nwd l nwigy jsxlnlj jsod jsl jsls js;g ls jsls jsls ls lsgb ls ls ls l>k¡ d >k¡ d > > d d rslq rsd rsksxigy dr rsd dr gqlqmle rsgks gqlq rsgks gqmle rsgks gqlqd gq,qerjpu gq,lq ,jr ,qAls g, ,udgha lsqAe,rdgha lsjpu ls fn[krs ljpu fn[krs l fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs n[ gSlonu' gSv rgSa>kfM+ lkFk gSa lkFk gSaij lkFk lkFk galonu' lkFk lkFk agSj>kfM+ lkFk lkFk lkFk l l gh gh Fgh gh gh vYi vYi vYi g;k vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ iksjat jn' ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,o vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vi jn' jaa fd jajaogk¡ x;g jaizogk¡ xjaizxogk¡ jaizij xjjaogk¡ ksxjaHizksxogk¡ jaHa ksxizjaHogk¡ a ksxizjx akko ksxizdks jx ksxizdks akko ksHdks aizij ksHdks akko ksHdks a ksHdks a dks aHij dks dks dks d gSlFjads gS,A gSFjxcu gSAgYn gSAgjksxFjalds Aa,A gSAagksxFjx Aa ds AjgYn oov oLrRo roorvLrRo orov roj. oLrRo roj. rv ooj. rLrRo oroj. roj. oLrRo oj. roj. roj. oj. rv oj. v oj. v oj. vv jv jvjcu v v l jl jcu v jlv jcu l jv l Fjajds l Fjads FksgYn gFksxdh gAa,A gFfp=ks gFksdh lde gfp=ks FggYn ggYn lde lde glde lde lde j[gYdh cnsa kh[gYdh jFnskhd c[jkhgYdh c[gYdh jkhd cnsl cAljkh[gYd cgYd jkh[l ctk jigy lkhla ctk ij l ij ltk l ij cijrks ij l ij l ij iM ij ij iM iM ij Adks iM Aauedks iM Adk iM y[ Adks iM AO;ogkj y[ AfgLlk uÅ AO;ogkj y[ AaAuÅ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ eflj ed uÅ et eyk;k otryk;k eot oy t 'oto'mTte o'gks tgks ox;k ';gks o;k ';k ';k ox;k 'x;k p=. o;k 'p=. 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'p=. p=. p=. p=. p=. o/ o/ o/ o/ od lr od lr od lr od lr lr lr lr gb gb lr gb lr lr gb mle gb mle mle gb gb mle mle gb mle mle ujr rkjqAedgha rufn[krs ufn[krs d ruusd rufn[krs d rfd;k d ufn[krs uv lonu' d un[ lonu' d lonu' lonu' d lonu' lonu' yr yr yr yr yr ij yr ij yr ij ij yr ij ij t ij ij t ij t t tikjn'khZ t jat jikjn'khZ n; tVn; ja kseslko/kkuh n; n; jesf[kys n; jesd n; n; x; x; n; x; n; x; x; Ads x; x; AiH x; A"iqvikjn'khZ AlkFk Aiks x; AlkFk Aiks Afd gS,d v v v LrRo LrRo LrRo LrRo cu ,A gYn gYn d d igy igy igy J J J J egSdk edks edk udk uy[ et er't mTte egks mTte mTte v v v dy njx dy dy dy d d jalr jdk jdk ;g ;g igy igy igy l l l l jpu jr jr jr jr Fv v v jyr v ja ksmud j;k mud jagh mud dy d d d iH iH ovikjn'khZ Hoa ij Ha esfd ij ij vov LrRo cu cu cu ,A ,A ,A gYn gYn d jlde d jaesbruh igy jbruh igy d igy J J eJ e;ldrh J uiM ela J uij lg] lg] lg] 'O;ogkj 'gSuO;ogkj elg] 'aAlg] euÅ mTte egkyk¡ 'uÅ mTte eesmTte ea'rd v v v ngks nv dy nmldh v dy nfd dy np=. dy d d jjx jvko';drk ;g d ;g ;g igy igy igy l jpu jpu jpu jpu Fuskjls jr Fuusfd;k jr Ffn[krs v Fd v jdgha FgSd jlonu' v mud jgSa>kfM+ mud mud mud dy dy dy dy iH d iH oale; iH on; iH oHx; HiH Hds ox; H"oiks cu ,A jgbruh J lg] 'lg] mTte v nv d igy l jr Ffd;k jgagSij mud dy d iH o,oa la la la la ;ldrh la ;ldrh la ;ksijrks la ksijrks ;liM t ksijrks ;uet ;ldrh t ksijr ;ij kset ;iM ksat ksiM uldrh ksdks uAeiM uln t dk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk izfuÅ izesd izes'f;nk&dnk hr izeshr ret hr rmTte hr rea yk;k hr hr hr hr gks hr gks gks ;k ;k mldh ;k ;k mldh mldh mldh mldh mldh mldh mldh vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk eglw eglw eglw eglw eglw eglw lrsksxlq lYi l l l l lgq,qelq gks gks Aqd Armle gks A,rdgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ ;jij ;ij ;yr ksgh ks;yr ;og a ;Fgh a ksdy ;gh ksa;;k ksyr ksmud ;k agh ksbruh ag;k ksamud ;k a bruh >q ;k >q ;k >q >q jbruh >q jvYi >q jt >q eqd >q eqij jFeq>q jtikjn'khZ jeqd Vjij Veqjlko/kkuh Veqdy eqd jij ksikjn'khZ Veqlko/kkuh ksdy Vkseqlko/kkuh aVml aVksjesdy eslko/kkuh esin; ksVlko/kkuh at ksjad esn; ksaiH esf[kys ajn' f[kys esf[kys ajx; a f[kys a,oa f[kys f[kys a ,oa f[kys f[kys iqA,o iqovikjn'khZ iqvikjn'khZ "vikjn'khZ iqHij "vikjn'khZ iqlkFk iks iqAolkFk "vikjn'khZ iks iqHvikjn'khZ "ij iqiks "AlkFk "lr iks avi aij a"esAiks eslkFk esiks a Hfd esa fd aij esaHfd es;g es;g a jn' esij ;g ;g a ij afd ;g aogk¡ ;g ;g ;g Hakko kko kko kko kko nskko nsd nsij [jns[ns[nsns[kknsog kk[kkns[[kk[kk[tk kktk kktk kktk kktk tk tk ldrk ldrk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk a esnsd fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks alde a bruh a esbruh aresbruh aeslde a esbru nsbru aesnsjigy [a cgYdh nsj[aesgYdh [jcnsigy kh[igy tk tk tk ldrh ldrh gSAy[ gSudk gSdk a uO;ogkj gSAdk a y[ adk gkyk¡ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ flg] fd f'esed ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ jajvko';drk jaod jao/ xd jao/ xnwjdy x;g ksjnwxjaod ksl aod ksxl ksxjajalnwdk ksod anwdk a;g dk izjg iz;g izdk izeglw ;>k¡ izeglw ;>k¡ ;iz>k¡ ;Fizl>k¡ ks;Fiz>k¡ ksigy ksizgb x>k¡ xiz>k¡ ksd lq lq d d qAd egq,rgks egq,gks kjqegqjpu kjg, kjls kjqls usrujr usls uskjjpu fd;k fd;k fd;k gSgS>kfM+ gSrFgSa>kfM+ gSlonu' gSlonu' ij ij og og og bruh bruh bruh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh ds ds ds ds lkFk lkFk fd ogk¡ ogk¡ ij ij ij ij lo d ry[ d e;gks lde lvko';drk ,o 'eglw eg o| y; egSagSFlkFk nij {;og r;k g, Aikjn'khZ v de gYn dtk i/ ugSgSgSgSApAgSAgSgSAgSAgSA;AAA ds fp=ks fp=ks aesd ajjg esjanslde agYdh agYdh nsl khlij khctk tk tk tk ldrh ldrh gSaAy[ gSaAy[ gSAgkyk¡ aAgkyk¡ gSlg] aAuÅ aAy[ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ fizd fesd d d ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ jaod xl jajsksl xrjjslnlj ksardk ksl dk ksajslslr ksa jg dk ajg ;x>k¡ ;ksd ;l ksd ;xlrslq ksd xmle xrsd d d erkjgks d eAuls kjqls eAdgha kjdgha usd usdgha usd usd fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSlonu' gSFav gSij ij ij og og og og og bruh bruh bruh bruh lko/kkuh ds ds ds ds lkFk lkFk fd fd ogk¡ ij ij ij O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;og esudk est esijr esud esjad esjugdk a oftZ esd a oftZ esd a oftZ ad oftZ eO;og a oftZ ed a oftZ alde oftZ a oftZ oftZ oftZ oO;og oO;og rrfgLlk rO;og rcfgLlk rxztr rlj fd;k fd;k fd;k d; x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x; x; gkbZ gkbZ gkbZ gkbZ Ay[ A;k gkbZ y gy gy y y y kbV kbV by kbV kbV y kbV kbV bV vkS bV vkS vkS vkS jkkHkkl jkkHkkl vkS j,d [kq jajx [kq j;k [kq jfpfM+ [kq jfpfM+ [kq jfpfM+ [kq jonlj [kq jfpfM+ y [kq y y y [y y st y seiz,o y s izt snlj iz;y s iz;y st Hizfn[kus snlj Hizfn[kus st Hizfn[kus Hizkko HiH kko HiH Heglw kko kko kko ds ds odr ds ovk/kkfjr ds ds fy, ds fy, ds fy, d fy, d fy, fy, fy, fy, fy, fy, y, dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt d d xt dh dh dh dh dh dh dh lQs lQs lQs lQs lQn nFy[kuÅ nay[kuÅ nksFg;il havkd"kZ nksgb nksFy[kuÅ ndk dk dk dk dk bLrs d bLrs bLrs bLrs bLrs ekds ky ky ky ky fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k d; d; x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x; ;g ;g ;g Aeks ;g Alq ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g lkjh lkjh lkjh lkjh lkjh lkjh lkjh fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks jizij jys fo'ks "kko o' "nsd o' "nsvkS krk,¡ krk,¡ "gSjkrk,¡ krk,¡ krk,¡ "nsgSaAkkkrk,¡ rblds rblds lq lq ,xkklq ,d lq d lq lqU/k d lq d lq d lde qedk d lde qedk d qeldrk d qeAdk d qekjdk qeldrk kjudk qeAkjdk qekjdk qeldrk kjAlkFk qedk kjvkLokn kjvkLokn cks cks kjvkLokn cks kjcks cks cks l cks l cks cgSAl l l jx jx jx d d d d jx jx d bru d d bru bru bru bru bru bru bru gYd bru gYd gYd gYd gYd gYd gYd gYd ijr gYd ijr ijr ijr ijr ijr ijr d ijr d O;og d d O;og d O;og O;og O;og jizfd;k j;gk¡ en' erizij jd; en`y jhr eizx;kA y eljhr eja'd jhr y e;xn`iM j'n`;gks e'x;kA ;hr eja';ksgks ;y ;esy[ x; ;y[ x; y ;es;k x; ;gkbZ x; x; ;Fkks x; x; d d d x; d d d d jx d d jx d jx jx jx ,d d ,d ,d ,d jx ,d ,d nlj nlj ,d nlj ,d nlj nlj nlj nlj l > > > > dr >ds l > dr dr > dr dr > dr > dr g, > dr g, g, g, g, dr g, g, l g, l g, l g, lla g, lvf/kd ldgha g, l ln[ l n[ l lt l rt n[ rdh n[ r"iqdh ru] n[ giks rgb r"lQs gd n[ g"lQs ra>kfM+ l giks gal rlQs lrges glr l;dk l Fghdk l ghndk gmle l ghksgb F;k lhdk gvkd"kZ l Fga dk gksdk vYi F;k gmle vYi gbLrs FvYi gbLrs vYi gmle vYi vYi gue>q vYi vYi vYi vYi idyk&la iruVky jn' jn' jn' jn' ia lonu' jn' jn' ,o ,o jn' ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o vi vi ,o vi vi ,o jn' jn' vi vi jn' jn' jn' jn' jx jx jx jx d jx d jx d d d d d od obru od rv obru roj. rd oj. oj. oj. v v jgks;ijr l jds Fds gesauijr Fdk gesjlde gdk lde lde lde jkizfd;k jefd;k jc jhr l ij l iM AFkks Amldh y[ y[ Ajx y[ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ et e[kq e[fpfM+ 'ij 'lsl 'l 'ls>ds p=. p=. p=. p=. o/ o/ o/ o/ od od od lr lr lr gb uesdyk&la ud d d lonu' yr ij ij t t jgSrkrk,¡ n; x; x; x; x; AkjlkFk Acks ojx ojx rojx rjx oj. rojx oj. oj. rd rdbru oj. v v jroj. jgYd lgYd v jl v Flv jcks Fla jO;ogkj l gFO;ogkj l Fla;l gkst Fl lde guksl gHkkjrh; lde jO;og c jd c l l l ij Ay iM iM Aes;k AiM y[ uÅ y[ uÅ e[jx t ed ejkkHkkl t okkHkkl et ',d o[kq t 'snlj 'oy p=. 'Hizol p=. ';kko p=. p=. o/ o/ o/ o/ od o/ od od lr od gb lr lr gb mle mle gb mle gb rvkd"kZ mle rksgamle ua>q ra d u;k u>q d lonu' d lonu' d lonu' lonu' yr yr ij ij ij ij jyrk ij jij t n; jHizyrk t n; jfo'ks n; jHrjx Atk x; Atk Aldrk ojx rojx oj. v jgYd l FO;ogkj guksl lde jrfgLlk crfd;k l ij iM Ads y[ et oy o/ od lr gb mle lonu' yr ij n; Ad gS+kkbV Ansvko';drk ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ja'rn`iM ja'ij xl ja'gks xy ja;y jaksxgks x;x;kA acx ja;ksy a;eexjaij ads ksgks esA;x;k ksgks ads esij xks;k agkbZ ks;y agkbZ ksx; aij esds ksaiM Fkks esfp= aFkks esiM Fkks amldh esgkbZ amldh a gkbZ Fkks a;uÅ MFkks MFkks ax; MFkks Mx; +ky Mx; +ky Mby +ky Mmldh MAj+knsfojks +kkbV MuÅ +kkbV +kkbV fojks +kvkS fojks fojks fojks /al /a,d /ajx /v /;k kkHkkl /uÅ /,d kkHkkl kkHkkl fn[kus fn[kus fn[kus fn[kus fn[kus ls ls ls lsl dgha ls dgha ls dgha ls dgha dgha dgha dgha vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd iqn[ iqu] "iqu] "t iks iqn[ iks iqdh "u] iqd iqiks "lQs iks a r">kfM+ iks aglQs iks "dk dk dk iks dk a{>kfM+ dk vkd"kZ vkd"kZ .j>q .vYi kAbLrs .jeqkds .bLre .jbLre k.>q mudh .mudh .ky kVeqed ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ rdkj k]r,o rx; reks k]iks r;g k]eks k]esyr lq k]de k]lq d d lq lq lq ksd eyr et kslkjh d kseyr yrk ksdj et yrk e;g el yrk ksel yrk eizHjn' yrk yrk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS lq lq U/k xkk[lq xn; U/k xlq U/k xd U/k xtk U/k U/k dk U/k vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k tk tk tk tk tk tk tk ldrk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk afd;k avi la la la laO;ogkj ;cks ;la ;v ;l ksl ksljl t ksds t uijr ukst uFlde dk dk dk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk izc izE; rizl hr rE; hr hr ;k ;k mldh mldh mldh vko';drk eglw eglw eglw gks gks gks gks Adgha Adr Adr AAy, dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ ;dk ksFhavkd"kZ ;k ksF;hy[kuÅ ;k avkd"kZ ;k >q >q >q jbLrs eqgrd jeqkds eqred Veqeml Vekueqds VekrvYi ksimudh Veqky ksrdyk&la ksdyk&la amudh kseramudh esuksmudh esidyk&la aVjn' amudh aksiy f[kys f[kys aksijn' f[kys aesjn' f[kys f[kys iqdkj "dkj iqrL"dkj "iqiks iks "vi iks "k]vi iks a"lq alq eseks a ";g eseks avi esd a yr ;g ;g ajn' ;g at ;g ;g izksdj iz;g izt izjx Hyrk kko Hfo'ks kko Hfo'ks kko kko kko nsn; ns["vkS nsx; [ns"gSaAx; kkkrk,¡ [jn; kkkrk,¡ kkblds kk[d tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSjvkLokn gSjvkLokn gSl gSuÅ Al gScAl AgSl Fxzkizc Arfd;k og y Ldy okkHkkl 'fpfM+ o/ d y[ uÅ egalQs jF;k r.>qjbLrs jg F;FkkFkZ ij og vo'; p gr ^^y[ dy **tk ,d vyx la la laO;og ;t ;lde ks;t ;t t ksds tHkkjrh; uFHkkjrh; dk dk dk fgLlk fgLlk izn`ceiM rn`l iz;gk¡ rc rc rgks hr hr gks gks ;k ;k ;k mldh mldh mldh vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk eglw eglw eglw lvk/kkfjr l l lgks l ldgha gks gks gks gks Adkxt gks Ao| Adkxt Aod dgha Ala dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha >kfM+ >kfM+ ;hvkd"kZ ;y[kuÅ ;ay[kuÅ ksF;k ;ha dk ksgb ;k ;k >q jdj jmudh eqekjVky jueiamudh Veqky ksesdyk&la ksesile; aky Vesdyk&la ksiafd;k esy esijn' a;FkkFkZ esijn' f[kys ad f[kys f[kys a;FkkFkZ f[kys f[kys iqk]yr iqr,o "riqk]iks "aiq;g iks "vi iks iks avi iks alq eseks esd esksd esfeksd ajn' esd ;g ajn' ;g ajn' ;g aksdj izjx Hfo'ks izjx Hfo'ks izjx HvkS kko Hkko kko nsgSd [jx; nsgSaAxlq kk[aAx; kktk tk kki/ tk tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSAgh Al gSl AgSlAAfd;k Afd;k cO;ogkj lo ln d lde c[uÅ dy 'Hokko Yi eg y; ekst nr>kfM+ rlhavkd"kZ g, Fmle v lr jgr gYn jfo'ks p ;cks cks cks cks cks ljO;ogkj l cks cks l ds ds ds ds Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; xzrO;og xzjtr xzkrO;og xzkrjfd;k E; E; xzE; xzkfd;k E; krij kE; kE; n`y n`x;kA ;ij 'xgks ds ;;y ds ds fp= ds fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= nsfojks nsfojks [ensfojks nsvko';drk [nsjx ksuÅ [nsvko';drk ksvkS [avko';drk ksfojks [vkS ksd ;k [/vko';drk ksvkS ;k a ksvkS ;k ksjkkHkkl avko';drk ;k ks/v ;k ajx ;k fpfM+ fpfM+ ;'soHizl ;p=. ksl ;kko ksp=. ;kko a ksfn[kus a eglw ;nlj aokseglw ij ksl ij a> ksl ij a eglw ksl ap=. ksl ij a okko ij ads ij ij vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr la la ;la ;n[ la ;lr la ;n[ laks;dgha ks;t ksxt t ;n[ ksn[ ;iqdgha kslr t ksod kst u] u] u] ges u] ges ges ges ges ges analQn ges angra ;dk al an;y[kuÅ y[kuÅ al ds ds ds ds dyk&la Llonu' Lx;kA L,o dkj Liqdkj Llonu' Liqx;kA Liqrlonu' dkj dkj eks fesyr fjn' eks fgr gr fgr flkjh fgr gr gr flkjh gr dj dj dj dj dj ys ys ys ys rt ys rd ys ys sog rx; sjr"kko st rjx s["gSjkrk,¡ sn; r["nslq sj"d gSaAlq slq sj[F"lq aAxAn; aAxd blds aAU/k blds blds blds blds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk gh gh gh gh gh gh gh 1 2 1 ds ds ds ds ds ds ds fp=ks ds fp=ks d fp=ks d fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks aa d aksxajax; ax[kklrkS esAaks[kklrkS a[kklrkS esesAd aksa[kklrkS esa[kklrkS ns[kklrkS aijr [x; [O;og nsgMaaby [AnsMaFkks nskhO;og [AMn[ n[ [j+kgkhby [jMkhby khfojks khfojks tk tk khMtk tk tk tk tk ldrh t ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldr ldr gSv gSaAbu gSaAbu gSaAgkyk¡ aAgkyk¡ aAgkyk¡ aAgkyk¡ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ gkyk¡ giH flsoa flsd y fd fd d fd d d ;nk&dnk d ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;n &dn &dn vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vi jn' jadk jaog jaog xvkd"kZ jag, xvkd"kZ jagS> xdr javkd"kZ jalQn ksxjadr avkd"kZ jaagS> ksxvkd"kZ jx ag, dk jx avkd"kZ ksxrphuh dk a> ksphuh dk agSksg, dk a ksd dk a ksphuh dk a.dr dk a.'l dk dk dk izk.d iz.mudh ;izmudh ;iz.bLre ;izl.dyk ;izbLre kskdyk ;xi; ksbLre ;xi; ;xbLre ksy ;xdyk xksbLre xmudh ksy xl kslq lqxlq xlq xn[ x;FkkFkZ d lq d lq lq d lq d lq d lde qy d lde qedk d qed qe;FkkFkZ qy ed; kj;FkkFkZ qeizkjd; qe;FkkFkZ qerHizkjog kjkkoA uskkoA uskkoA fd;k uskkoA fd;k fd;k uk]fd;k fd;k fd;k d; gSyrk gSksij ij gSmYys ij ij ij ij ij og ij og og og og og bruh og bruh bruh bruh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh l,o l o/ o/ ds ujds ds ds lkFk lkFk lkFk d lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lljx fd fd fd Ffd Ffd fd fd fd fd fd ogk¡ ogk¡ d ogk¡ d ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ og og ij ij ij ij O;og O;og O;og O;og O;og O;og O;og O;og O;og O;og jjx O;og jdjx jd ejbru ejjed jejed obru jeod ejobru ejd oegYd tr ojbru oetr otr eobru tr tr obru tr ogYd tr tr ods d; tr d; tr d; d; tr d; d; d; d; x; x; x; gd Aesnsa aFkks g[ansby AMg[Ldy by by gfojks by bV by bV v bV v bV v v bV [je;y [jv j['v jcu y [jegSy [fn[kus y [gSaAbu y jfn[kus [y jgSaAfn[kus y jfn[kus y iH y iH [gA iH y [iH iH y iH od y ols;gYn iH ofd ofls iH ols ofls ols y, d y, d y, y, y, y, d y, d d y, d y, d d y, xt d xt d xt dvikjn'khZ d xt xt d xt d xt xt d xt d d xt xt d d lQn lQn d lQn lQn lQn lQn lQn d d d d bLre d bLre d bLre d bLre d y y y d; 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ajx a fd esdgha esadgha esjx a dgha ns;nk&dnk esdgha nsx; a od ns;nk&dnk esdgha a jx ns;nk&dnk [nsa,d [ons;nk&dnk a dgha ns[d khdgha [,d ns;nk&dnk khd [;n khvf/kd [vf/kd khvf/kd [y, khvf/kd khtk tk khy, tk khnlj tk tk tk tk tk ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh gSa"lQn gS> gSdk og og gSjn' og gSlQn og og og gSxjajgSksx> gSksxd gSksxphuh gSd phuh phuh dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk izn[ HizkjqeHizkjx; HuskjkkoA HizuskjkkoA kkoA ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ mYys mYys mYys mYys mYys mYys [livkS [o' [vYi kuh; [og kuh; [o' kuh; kuh; [og kuh; kuh; gS"fd gS,o gS,U/k fd fd fd cks cks cks cks cks cks ldk l cks lcks l lcjvkLokn ds lvi ljjr ds ds ds ledkyhu ds ledkyhu okbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ -ldrk -ds -ij ds ds -ij -ij ds -ij ds -ds --ij dsij ds -ij -ij --- d iH o H ij la la ;la laDLrRo laAtr ;la ;ol; l; ksyk ;t ksyk t ksyk t uAksx; t uksldr t uksyk t ud; ux; tu uldr tu udk udk udk udk dk dk dk dk dk dk fgLlk d fgLlk d fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk gLl gLl izcks izcks izbV izgry izd rizAy rrizgl rizgd hr ry izby hr rizd hr rir hr rir hr ry rd hr hr hr gks hr gks gks gks rgks gks gks gks gks ;k ;k gy ;k ;k ;k ;k mldh mldh ;dk mldh mldh mldh mldh mldh mld vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk vko';drk v eglw eglw eglw eglw eglw eglw eglw eglw eglw egll egll l lfd lxlde lgks l l gks gks gks A;k gks A;k gxd dgha A;k ga dgha AfpfM+ AfpfM+ dgha dgha AfpfM+ AlQn dgha dgha dgha dg dgha dgha dgha dgha dg dg >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >vk/kkfjr > ;gphuh ;ij ;ij ksd; 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Zakh; ds Za Zakh; dslhek Zadsds dslhek :i :i :i :i :i esds a esds a ,d esds amYykliw mYykliw a dke asrmYykliw amYykliw mYykliw oHkh ojHkkjrh; oHkkjrh; oHkkjrh; Zd oHkkjrh; ZdoHkkjrh; ZdZd eukus eukus eukus dk dk dk jlu~ ftlds y ke Fksfp= ek/;e vkS jksao"kks rduhd dh la Hjfr kkoukvks ijkdk"Bk rd tkdj djus dk gkfly Expansion Wash Ûdks MkW -le>us 'dyk kdyk MkW 'Å:i k ufeJ rwdyk fydk vkS jizizizek/;e ftlds xqdj ydj ke ek/;e vkS j,d dh laHkh HijEijk a le>us tkdj dke djus xkS jFkh osrklz fd;k lq d kjavkS l y[kuÅ&1986 dk ftØ vkrs gh ekul l lqjgs qeaAgSksvkS kja vkS cks y[kuÅ&1986 ftØ vkrs gh ekul ,d ,sds lcus dh mHkjrhgSgSgS]]] fo'ks fo'ks "dyk "dyk kdj kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k ds ds dh dh vfoLej.kh; dM+ hhdyk ds ds :i :i eskkoukvks esFkkA aAFkkA aAFkkA lq kja vkS cks l ubZ fnYyh½ dk ftØ vkrs ekul ij lcus dykdkj Nfo kdj ds bfrgkl ,d vfoLej.kh; ds dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr l'kDr izIr fizizfrfuf/kRo izgqflq rfuf/kRo rfuf/kRo fd rfuf/kRo frfuf/kRo rfuf/kRo dj dj dj jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs gSesgSd gSqees,d gSbu gSxbu vkS a jvkS jvkS jnks j;g j;g ;g ,d ,d ;q,d ;q;q;qxrduhd ;qxxgjk ;qgks xxgjk ;q,oa xxgjk ;qxxgjk xxgjk dh xdh dh xy[kuÅ&1986 dh dh dh dh dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk ijEijk dks dks dks dks le>us le>us le>us @dh @dh vuq @dh vuq @vuq @"@vuq vuq @dyk vuq @dyk vuq vuq ldk llfeJ l a/ll a/a/y[kuÅ&ok'k lkku kku a/kku a/rd a/kku kku a/rLFkkiuk kku kku djus djus djus djus djus djus djus dsds ds fy, ds fy, fy, fy, fy, fy, fy, fy, egRoiw egRoiw .gqkZdh .fkZ.kZ.v kZ.lzy[kuÅ kZij lz .kZy[kuÅ kZij lz kZklz lz ksrd klz srk,d srksr,d kHkh sr]gkfly Hkh srHkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh cus cus cus cus gqgscgq gq,Ûcgq gq,rgq,ds gq,gqvkfn ,f,gSv gS,v a]gSizgSa]gSk;keh gSa]-k;keh a]L;kr Aa/l eskku ihdjus : s dsds d hdsds M+gh d hlsegRoiw Ldk o.FkhA ,ksrHkh hv/;kRe d kgqs dyk&la b,gSv s a]k;keh d kvo/ks 'Ldkj khodykdkj &dykdkj k[esyaAdh kNfo "Jh ks'omHkjrh fmHkjrh volj volj volj volj volj volj izkizkIr izkIr kizIr kizIr kIr gqizfrfuf/kRo gqfizfrfuf/kRo gqv gqv gqv v v kv kqekkgS;g kgSkjkbfrgkl gSbfrgkl gSAgSAgSAAusAokLro okLro Adj okLro okLro okLro okLro esla esd esgSaFkses;a,d a qegSbu avkS bu bu bu nks nks nks nks uj;g uj;g uks;g uksla ;g uksa ;g ksesa ksues,d a ks¼1912 a,d es¼1912 aes¼1912 es,d a ,d esaogh a ,d a ,d a ,d xgjk fj'rk fj'rk fj'rk fj'rk fj'rk fj'rk Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh FkkA FkkA lqubZ lqdks lqubZ lqlq d d lq d d d qefnYyh½ d qedh qle>us efnYyh½ qele>us kjqekjle>us qevo/ks kjfo'ks kjkjkjijkdk"Bk dh dh dh dyk dyk nh{kk&y[kuÅ nh{kk&y[kuÅ nh{kk&y[kuÅ nh{kk&y[kuÅ nh{kk&y[kuÅ nh{kk&y[kuÅ ls;lslsegRoiw ls lskrks gqegRoiw gq.egRoiw gqegRoiw gqbjegRoiw gqbgqbeizZiVy bZiVy bZFkhA bFkhA ZÑ Z FkhA ZFkhA y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds,sds dsnscus ds ds dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la La]Ldkj dkj Ldkj dkj dkj Adj fknjgs ydk dk izcks nunks 'kZ rdM+ kdh Fkk tSdyk l hijEijk lqHkh dFkkA qedks kjdks dh eu%fLFkfr gks FkhA blhfy, fr] /keZ lHkh dk lEiw .dh kZjrdkeNfo lq [rwdj gSjvfoLej.kh; fd dyk f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ dh lu~ 1911 esiVy a .FkhA by[kuÅ Zlzy[kuÅ vkS j,scus 's dyk&la kgqcgq [gSa]La]dM+ dykdkj in~ lq qekdj us;ay[kuÅ&ok'k rwjps nml 'kZ ule; ogh gks kin~ Fkk tS hcks lql1912 dd qey[kuÅ dh rckr hlu~ FkhA blhfy, rks fr] /keZ ]fr vkfn lHkh lEiw kZdke rdke rwrwrwjlfy[kuÅ ydk vkS ek/;e ftlds xqhds y ke vkS j[kklk rduhd dh la¼jk"Vª HHFkk kkoukvks a ;dykdkj rd tkdj djus jjnjooko[gkfly fydk ydk vkS jds ftlds xqhds y Fks vkS rduhd dh lavkS HFkk dh ijkdk"Bk rd dk fd;kgSgSgS fdh vkS jds ek/;e ftlds xqv ke FksesavkS vkS jds la,d kkoukvks a adh dh ijkdk"Bk rd gkfly fd;k fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks "kdj "mues "mues "kdj kdj "kdj "kjmues kdj kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k ds ds ds ds ds dsml ds bfrgkl bfrgkl ds bfrgkl bfrgkl bfrgkl bfrgkl bfrgkl dh dh dh dh ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; vfoLej.kh; dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ dM+ hgqkShv heu%fLFkfr hds hdh ds :i :i :i :i :i esAabl esbl aAesftØ aAbl esfp= aAgks esaAek/;e aAek/;e aAckr aAckr d ¼1912 y[kuÅ&1986 ubZ fnYyh½ dk vkrs gh ij ,d lds sy cgq v dykdkj dh Nfo gSl ]eukus fo'ks "yhds kdj bfrgkl vfoLej.kh; dM+ hdykdkj dsio"kks estkdj aA:i mues mues a y[kuÅ&ok'k aAksjps jps jps jps &f&gSgSydk &lq &cls &cls &cls cls cls cls Fkskjlk{kkRdkj Fksdyk FksAFksAFksAAcks Aizml Aml ml ml le; le; le; le; y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds ds dsek/;e dyk dyk dyk dyk egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; es:i es:i esLFkkiuk es;g a:i bl aesAbl ckr ckr dk dk dk dk dk [kklk [kklk jFj2011 jbbLjiVy jjgrk jgrk jgrk jgrk jgrk Fkk Fkk Fkk fd fd fd dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj yxHkx yxHkx yxHkx yxHkx lHkh lHkh lHkh ek/;eks ek/;eks ek/;eks ek/;eks ek/;eks ek/;eks a vkS avkS a vkS a ckgj vkS vkS vkS jdjus jfdjus jmHkjrh jjgSj Hkh esqeFksa dk djkrs gSdh a ,d evfoLej.kh; Jh ds vkt ubZ fnYyh i[nsfd Hkou vkfn½ ;k ns:i 'lHkh ds lq d ekj cks dk tUe esdM+ a jdM+ kds Fkk jesaek/;e ges nks~[kklk ksrduhd a ekul Zgqa kgqtks 2012 dks 'krkCnh Za kh; esdke a ka mYykliw odk dkg; fd;k ;g ;gfo'ks lqfo'ks lqfo'ks [fo'ks [d""knkdj kn lamues la ;y[kuÅ&ok'k ksajps xay[kuÅ&ok'k xay[kuÅ&ok'k fd fd dyk ,oa ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ dh LFkkiuk lu~ 1911 1911 a tks a tks Zizjjgrk Z dh Fkh Fkh vkS jkkoukvks nsfd 'y'v/;kRe kdykdkj k,sdykdkj izizk[|[ijkdk"Bk ;kr in~ in~ ee'k'.y Jh Jh hl J ebfrgkl ~nle; if'kYi kdh d krdh y d rjvfoLej.kh; kds ;llu~ [dyk zidyk s egkfo|ky; kkjegkfo|ky; 'fp=A nsdM+ hds kds Fke ZbesFksa y[kuÅ&ok'k qgesabl 1ckr 1a y[kuÅ] 9bu 1dk u[kklk luj[kklk ko"kks uesestks itks ktks hÑ d Å ujFkk kfd ]ds o;kr fk;keh kyxHkx gyxHkx edykdkj YlHkh klHkh 'dk fds oatkdj ,lhek d d xdk ks;ZdHkkjrh; a xkSxkSxkS qlgkfly Û Û Û M MkW MkW M vo/ vo/ks vo/ks vo/ ' k k feJ feJ eJ eJ es;g a lqlk{kkRdkj djkrs gSgSfd afd in~ edyk Jh cks ds fp=A fp= ubZ iHkh fr Hkou ;k lhek Hkh Hkkjrh; kjkjFkk rwdks ydk iznks nvkS 'kZ'kZ gks rLFkkiuk kkxkskfnYyh Fkk tSlu~ l hd d qeHkh kjcgq gks rb'k:i FkhA izmUgks /keZ vkfn ...kZkZrkZrreskkkaA lq d ekv fmke ydk izy[kuÅ u;g ogh gks rLFkkiuk Fkk tS l hqekj1911 lq1911 dHkh qeFkkA rk'ds htkdj blhfy, rks izÑ Ñ vkfn lHkh dk lEiw d Aegkfo|ky;] rwvkt ydk dk izjpuk ny[kuÅ gks rLFkkiuk Fkk l lq d qeHkh kjescgq dh eu%fLFkfr gks r'k'ds hkkh; FkhA blhfy, Ñ fr] v/;kRe vkfn lHkh dk lEiw ydk vkS ek/;e ftlds xqvkS y"rwokLro Fks;g Aidk vkS jfo"k; rduhd dh la kkoukvks acgq ijkdk"Bk djus xkS gkfly fd;k fo/kkvks gh a;kstUe gh arw;ksgh ugha cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd vus vus vus vus dd d dgqf'kYi df'kYi fo"k;ks fo"k;ks fo"k;ks fo"k;ks ausaegkfo|ky;] dks a Aegkfo|ky;] dks adks dks a dks Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkhesaviuk viuk viuk viuk jpuk jpuk jpuk fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A lqlu~ lq lqlu~ lq d d lqlu~ d d d qe¼jk"Vª qeh,d qe2H1911 qelqkj1911 qekj1911 kjHkh kjj1911 kj1911 Hkh cgq v v k;keh k;keh dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj ds ds :i es;kr es;kr eses;kr a eska esds a ds mHkjs a Fdykdkj amHkjs mHkjs a mHkjs mHkjs Aorks Aorks Alsqgds AZd AmUgks mUgks AmUgks mUgks mUgks au2in~ auin~ ausin~ aus in~ xzs e9sxzjeJh xzskexzJh keoE; xzkE; kdk E; kE; kdh E; ;';'e;';;Hkh fo'ks kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k bfrgkl dh vfoLej.kh; dM+ esiz:i fo'ks "nsds y[kuÅ&ok'k bfrgkl ds :i dyk dk l'kDr izfo"k;ks fqefo"k;ks dj jgs gSy[kuÅ a jpuk ,d ;qcuk,A dh dyk ijEijk vuq a/nh{kk&y[kuÅ kku fy, egRoiw kZE; kn`',d srn`'v/;kRe cus gqlgS,kscgSlHkh volj klq Ir gqqef'kYi kegkfo|ky;] gSusegkfo|ky;] AAegkfo|ky;] esdk ay[kuÅ bu nksZaksy[kuÅ] ksogh a ogh eshdh ,d xgjk lq qZeFkh kj"ZFkh dh bin~ Zaufr] FkhA y[kuÅ ds dyk&la Lja] kdkj lqlqdd;g ekj ekj cks l l dk 1912 1912 esiz,oa esu,oa aled alq gqf'kYi v v kZoqrfuf/kRo jfHkh ges ges a viuk a viuk bu bu nks unujpuk ks'kZkskja au"uuo"kks Zads 2011 2011 vkS vkS jtS jfj'rk 2012 2012 dks dks 'krkCnh o"kks o"kks mYykliw Zd eukus eukus dk ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g lqlqcks lqfo/kkvks [lqfo/kkvks lq [[fo/kkvks lqfo/kkvks [lqkn [kn [fo/kkvks kn [kn [knknkn ladk kn lalala;lala ;a;laa ;la kstUe ;xa ksxagh ;ksxgh xksxgh ksxfgSksugha xgSugha xgSugha gSugha gSugha gSlu~ fd gSlu~ fd fd fd fd fd dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ dh dh dh dh dh LFkkiuk LFkkiuk LFkkiuk lu~ lu~ 1911 escgq esa 1esdh a es'krkCnh a gqesdh agq0v esa gqdks a gqbv a gqbv agqk;keh bv Zgqeu%fLFkfr bZk;keh gqbZk;keh beu%fLFkfr Fkh ble>us Zaksk;keh Fkh bZvkfn½ Z Fkh Fkh vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jdykdkj vkS j@ksZa jhZa njdyk nsjds jnsds jkdj 'nsrd 'nsuns'gks kns'nsk':i nsl khds ds ds kds ds ds ds izds ds iz:i [iz:i iz[aA:i izmYykliw [:i ;kr [iz;kr [v ;kr [;kr [dke ;kr dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj in~ in~ eauxzs ein~ e./keZ Jh e/keZ Jh Jh Jh Jh kjdyk ddyk usvus kvus d wikjFkk lusegkfo|ky;] ka vkS y YfjHkh :ek/;e sy[kuÅ d oo"kks nZadh Cdh kLFkkiuk rLFkkiuk kcuk,A 'cuk,A d 2lq 1lu~ 0lu~ kSHkh v 1kjescgq 2d kFkh oFkh ksadykdkj ujdykdkj esads gFkhA jiz[djus kSblhfy, kmHkjs kckgj v esaizgqdk 1fr] 1Jh ~ulz]n`n`]ln`]'n`v/;kRe U;tvfoLej.kh; kd edM+ ddk qlh lEiw lde lq lq lde d d q e q e kj kj j j c cks cks c l l l ¼1912 ¼1912 ¼1912 y[ y[kuÅ&1986 y[kuÅ&1986 y[ uÅ&1986 uÅ&1986 ub ubZ ubZ ub fnYyh½ fnYyh½ nYy nYy ½ ½ d dk dk d ftØ ftØ tØ tØ v vkrs vkrs v r r g gh gh g e ekul ekul e ul ul iVy iVy iVy ij ij ij ,d ,d ,d ,l ,s ,s ,l l l s s cgv cgq cgq cgv v v k;keh k;keh ; ; e e dy dykdkj dykdkj dy d d j j d dh dh d N Nfo Nfo N o o mH mHkjrh mHkjrh mH jr jr g gS gS g ] ] fo'ks "nh{kk&y[kuÅ kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k ds bfrgkl dh ,d h.vkS esds aAtks dk izfp=] frfuf/kRo jgs gSvk/kkfjr a gqv jFkk ;g ;qu] xin~ ijEijk @vkya vuq kku egRoiw .ds ksrooksaHkou Hkh cus ,dkj gSrdk a]xqLcuk,A a esy djkrs in~ ejsqgHkh cks l ds vkt ;g fp= ubZ fnYyh iy[kuÅ fr vkfn½ ;k ckgj djkrs adh in~ e[jsnks cks llq ds vkt fp= y[kuÅ] fnYyh ilzlkFk fr Hkou vkfn½ ;k 'xqAkkh; kh; ckgj lk{kkRdkj djkrs gSa u] Jh ds fp=A vkt fp= y[kuÅ] ¼jk"Vª vkfn½ ;k '.k.vkS kh; ckgj qetUe kjlu~ uslu~ Alu~ rwesk1912 ydk nkv uÅ rAgSges kaabu tS lq q[ey;kRedrk] dh gks rdks /keZ ]ilkFk v/;kRe vkfn lHkh kZHizHkko kHkko fp=] fp=] fp=] fp=] fp=] lSllSdk lSkdk lS jkjdk lSdk jkadk kagSjlq kajdk katUe kafp=] fp=] fp=] fp=] fp=] fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;bu ;Lks;dj ksa ;ksl a ij ksa &ij a esij ij laogh la la ;le; ;la ;jvkS ;ksj;,d ksjt ;jkst tksjges tksjt u] u] tfj'rk u] u] Nfo Nfo fp=] vew vew vew rqey;kRedrk] rfp=A rZ kjrZy;kRedrk] rZkfp= Z fp= fp= fp= fp= vkS vkS vkS j2012 jokrkoj.k jokrkoj.k j;g j;g vkya jvkya vkya vkya vkya ddks d d d d kfjd kfjd kfjd la ;Hkhuk laHkhuk ;Hkhuk ;Hkhuk ks;Hkhuk kslst kst kskds t kst kst uks t a@izbZuks a@ds a@kko a@ds [kvkfn [vkfn [kuks [kuks kuks kuks kuks a aa mYykliw a y[kuÅ ds amYykliw amYykliw ds ds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk fHkfRrfp= fHkfRrfp= fHkfRrfp= fHkfRrfp= fHkfRrfp= cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A fo'ks "lu~ kdj ds bfrgkl ,d vfoLej.kh; dM+ ds :i aA'krkCnh mues jps Ak'kZ esd adks bl ckr dk jvkfn Fkk fd dykdkj lHkh a tks volj volj izekj izd kfp=] kekj Ir Ir gqcks v gSjdk AtUe Akad okLro okLro es1912 af;1912 a ;y[kuÅ&ok'k bu nks nks uaa esvk/kkfjr ualk{kkRdkj ksad esgqav esFksgqv ad ,d xgjk fj'rk FkkA d d qe2011 kjfp=A dh dh dyk gquks Zvkys FkhA FkhA y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds ds Lds Log dkj lqlqlqlqd lqdyk lq dd lqd lqd ekj d ekj d ekj ekj ekj ekj cks cks cks cks cks lgqcks ll'kDr l cks lv l llSdk l tUe tUe tUe tUe tUe lu~ lu~ lu~ lu~ 1912 1912 1912 1912 esesij esescls esavk/kkfjr agqesvk/kkfjr gqkslk{kkRdkj a esvk/kkfjr gqvk/kkfjr a gqv agqizv kav v k,d Fkk kFkk kFkk kml kFkk Fkk Fkk Fkk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS ges jksgks ges ges ges ges ges a FNfo abu aFkk bu abu bu a Nfo nks nks nks ukkvks ksfp=] udyk a ufp=] ksFkkA ahufp=] ksds ao"kks ksuo"kks acks ksakkvks o"kks ksa dh o"kks ksao"kks o"kks o"kks Zavew Zadh Za2011 2011 Zavew Zavew 2011 Zay;kRedrk] 2011 Zkjy a2011 2011 Zay;kRedrk] 2011 vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jle>us vkS jdyk jvkS j2012 jvkS 2012 jh2012 j2012 2012 2012 2012 dks dks dks 'krkCnh 'krkCnh 'krkCnh o"kks o"kks o"kks o"kks o"kks o"kks o"kks ZaubZ Za gqubZ Zads Za kuks ads arHrks ds Zaa@kko :i :i :i :i :i esfr] esvkfn es[avkfn es¼jk"Vª a esvkfn es¼jk"Vª mYykliw akuks esamYykliw amYykliw mYykliw aa ds oHkou Zd odyk&la Zd odyk Zd Zd Zd Zd Zd eukus Zd eukus eukus eukus eukus eukus eukus eukus dk dk dk dk dk dk dk jsNfo jsZbbu [Nfo jsbu jsdh [nks [ejsHkh [nks jskkvks kkvks [Jh jsnks [ukkvks js[ufp=] kkvks jsJh [l [jsnks kkvks [uksfp=] kkvks [kkvks kkvks kkvks dh dh ao"kks dh a dh aldyk dh alq dh dh dh dh y;kRedrk] dh y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k eskfjd esa/'krkCnh esFkhA akfjd es'krkCnh aesy[kuÅ] ,d es'krkCnh a eskfjd ,d a'krkCnh esql a ,d aes,d aes,d a ,d esa ,d ,d a blhfy, ,d adjus a la,d Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk izuks izuks izds HizZfy, izbZads Hizvkys Hizvkys HfnYyh iz'a@ds H:i kko izvkys Hkko izvkys Htks kko izizvkys kko H:i kko Hf:i kko HÑ vkfn kko kko kko vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk ds dsdsds dsds og ds og ds og og ds og og og og og xqog og xqcuk,A xq.kxq.xqdM+ kxq.ns.kxq'.kxqvkS k.vkS k.vkS klEiw vkS kjvkS jvkS kds jvkS jv izlhek vkS jizlhek jjizlhek jHiz:i izj.ek/;eks HqgizjHizkko Hizjkko izrHkko izHkko izkko Hds Htks kko kko tks kko tks tks tks tks tks lqtks tks d lqlqd lqod lqjd lqd qelqd lqv qd eHkh d lq qeHkh d qekjHkh qd ekjqd eqekjd qekjqekjkjqeHkkjrh; 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v/;kRe v/;kRe v/; Re Re v vkfn vkfn v n n lH lHkh lHkh lH d dk dk d lEi. lEiw lEiw lEi. . . kZ kZ r r r k k kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k ds;g dh ,d vfoLej.kh; hjFksjgs :i estks "ksaHkh y[kuÅ&ok'k ds dh ,d vfoLej.kh; dM+ esa/faAlq aAlq kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k dh ,d vfoLej.kh; dM+ hjFksizjgs estks fo'ks fo'ks "H@fd kdj kdj y[kuÅ&ok'k y[kuÅ&ok'k ds ds bfrgkl dh vfoLej.kh; dM+ ds dk l'kDr rfuf/kRo jgs gSiziziaesizizHvk/kkfjr vkS jy[kuÅ ;qjckr xckr dh ijEijk vuq l kku fy, kjvkS cus gqfoLrkj ,gugSa]hgdM+ foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs jgs jgs ikrs jgs ikrs jgs ikrs Fksfd AvkS FksAjizHcds jgs AFksizH"fd jgs AFks AFks Akko AFksdykdkj Fksdykdkj Akvkya A"dykdkj Adykdkj Aods jsajps jslq jsjps [ugha kkvks [&kkvks kkvks kkvks a cls a cls dh acfYd dh a adh a Fksdh dh y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k esUds esadyk esds alu~ esviuk ,d adyk ,d a dyk a,d ,d a ,d ,d Hkhuk Hkhuk izH:izHa kko Hkko Hgqkko Hkko kko vkfn vkfn vkfn y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ dyk dyk dyk dyk ds ds ds ds og og og og og xqjikrs xq.qd xqjgrk .rjxqjgrk .jgrk k.ikrs k.Zql k.eskjgrk vkS kdM+ vkS kle>us vkS vkS vkS jdykdkj jFkk jjgs izhujFksjgs izds izds Hjgs kko kko Hfd kko Hfd kko kko tks tks tks dd lqkdp dd qedjus d qeyxHkx qeyxHkx kjqekjyxHkx qeyxHkx kjayxHkx kjumHkjs kjmHkjs dh dh dh dh dh vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr vfHkO;fDr dso.ds dsds ls lsYfHkfRrfp= ikrs ikrs AA esesaAaA ;g kn la gSAml fd dyk ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky;] dh LFkkiuk 1911 aikrs gqvkS bFkk ZFkk Fkh vkS jtks nsaAlq ds izyxHkx [ds dykdkj in~ eek/;e Jh fp=] lSokrkoj.k jizdk kafo'ks fp=] fpfM+ ksHkhuk aHkhuk ij ;bl ksy[kuÅ tckr u] Nfo fp=] fp= jFks:i kfjd laidh ;;kr t uks a@ksegRoiw vkys cuk,A fo/kkvks fo/kkvks gh ugha cfYd vus vus d d fo"k;ks fo"k;ks a fa kfo'ks dks Hkh viuk jpuk jpuk fo"k; 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,d fj'rk FkkA lqkxq.;gk¡ d qevkS dyk lsuksvyx gqdyk Z jgrk FkhA y[kuÅ ds Ldsikrs vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj dsds dsds dskigys igys igys igys igys igys Jheq Jheq Jheq Jheq Jheq Jheq fescls ufesaucls fesizn'kd uafij gkjHizgkko g]rks ges]rks g]rks ]rks ]vkfn 'kehmTtek ]'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj ;gk¡ ;gk¡ igys igys igys ls lsHizkko ls ls^^y[kuÅ ls jpukjr Fksd Fkskjqedyk** Fkskjqedyk** Fkskj,qekjvkS vkS vkS vkS jdh jA[kklk j[kklk jvfHkO;fDr mudh jvfHkO;fDr mudh mudh mudh mudh mudh dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk dk izFkk izdq izizHizHizHkko Hkko Hkko HlkFk kko kko Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh iwiwfoLrkj iwriwjiwjiwjs sjogk¡ jgYnkj sjg jsgYnkj sgYnkj sgYnkj fp=] lSfo/kk jkagqdk fp=] ;&Hkhuk ksfesaHkhuk la ;y[kuÅ ksFkst u] Nfo fp=] vew fp= jjpukjr d lajdh ;[kklk ksvfHkO;fDr t a@tks vkys [dsds kuks a Fkk ds fHkfRrfp= cuk,A cacacacaxcaxfoLrkj ky ok'k fp=.k fo/kk y[kuÅ es&Hkhuk kjFksizl dj Fkscks og vo'; pkgrs Fks ^^y[kuÅ dyk** ,d xfoLrkj xky xky ky ky Ldw ykkvks yy y dh ok'k ok'k ok'k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fo/kk fo/kk dk dk dk dk y[kuÅ y[kuÅ es&Hkhuk aizufuaizl l l kjizvk/kkfjr kjHAgkko kjHAkko dj dj dj jgs jgs jgs Fksy[kuÅ Fksxgjk Fksy[kuÅ ij ij ij ij og og og og vo'; vo'; vo'; vo'; pkgrs pkgrs pkgrs Fksikrs Fksigys fd ^^y[kuÅ ^^y[kuÅ dyk** ,d ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx vyx vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo cuk,A cuk,A gYnkj igys igys igys igys Jheq Jheq Jheq Jheq fla fla fla fla ggjgjg]jg]]]]'kehm 'kehm 'kehm 'kehm 'keh 'keh chloha lnh rhljs a rks lq'kehmTtek d qle; ea jgs kjjgs lij dyk ,oa f'kYi esjpukjr a vkya nhf{kr Fksdh ml le; vflr efd kjkko gYnkj izdsdsdsrs/dsjgs kkukpk;Z lde lq lq lde d d ekj ekj j j c cks cks c l l l d dk dk d tUe tUe tUe lu lu~ lu~ lu 1912 1912 1912 e es es e a a gv gq gq gv v v k k F Fkk Fkk F v vkS vkS v j j j ge ges ges ge a a bu bu bu n nks nks n u u u ks ks a a o" o"kks o"kks o" Z a Z a 2011 2011 2011 v vkS vkS v j j j 2012 2012 2012 d dks dks d ' 'krkCnh 'krkCnh ' r r Cn Cn o" o"kks o"kks o" Z a Z a d ds ds d :i :i :i e es es e a a mYy mYykliw mYykliw mYy liod liod o o Z d Z d eu eukus eukus eu u u d dk dk d fp=] lSikrs kajgs fp=] ksZ;a gh la ;ij tugha u] Nfo vew rikrs Z fp= jfo/kk vkya d la ksmles tZ krk uks [vkfn fHkfRrfp= gh ugha vus fo"k;ks a fp=.k Hkh viuk qeqedh kjlaa gSkjlaoakjlads Hkh vv k;keh ds a a mHkjs mUgks ads gh ugha cfYd fo"k;ks dks Hkh viuk cuk,A lqadq cgq v dykdkj ds ad mHkjs mUgks kE; 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egkfo|ky; esdks esjgs amfp=.k a igys nhf{kr nhf{kr Fks Andkj ml ml le; vflr vflr e'edh ogk¡ dsds izij izikrs /dykdkj /tks kkukpk;Z kkukpk;Z kij kqekjqekfo/kkvks sgks d gsa l ogh jksy[kuÅ kiM+ n,oa YkkAkAok'k gkAkcfYd jy[kuÅ ky[kuÅ elqfp=.k qddfp=] rqevus lfoLrkj ;ok'k eok'k l AvkS ksAFesfo/kk ,a fo/kk qgfo/kk {Fks ffodflr hAkjkfjd esagfo"k; ;]fo"k; fFkska@ls ga avkys ilqlqdq Yog fkjqekjvo'; ku'khyrk d l ks;gk¡ ck;keh jij kikrs effd qdtks esajgs jsl svkS haolauauauhs s cxzsdyk volj volj volj iagizksadh izdh ia dh kdh kfnYyh Ir Ir Ir gv gqgqgv v vjsgYdh kgYdh k[gYdh gA gSgYdh gSkkvks gA AAa s vfLrRo ods okLro okLro oaijrks Lro Lro eaesdks esdks a fp=] a bu bu bu nnksvus nksnlSlS ufoLrkj ujkj;gk¡ ksd aeseeskaesesesfp=] eesesafp=] aa yk;k ,d ,d ,d xgj xgjk xgjk fj'rk fj'rk j'r j'r H,d FFkkA FkkA FHgnwvkS lde lqjsl lde d d qe;qels;e>k¡ j>k¡ d dh dh d dy dyk dyk dy nnh{kk&y[kuÅ nfn[krs {fn[krs {kjkko &y[ &y[ uÅ llsigys lsvkS l gb gqvYi gqjvYi gb bbvYi Z jFFkhA FkhA Fkko Avkya Aikjn'khZ y[ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[ uÅ uÅ d dsds dy dyk&la dy &lLd jkuks deZ gks un'kd lq d qeul Lnwkko izesla krk ls fn[krs gSds aAle; ZaFks le` rkuks a lkFk dh la ovikjn'khZ uk'khyrk] fp=] fpfM+ ;aFksfd a egkfo|ky; ij vk/kkfjr kskjj>k¡ u] fp=] vew rlkFk ZxqFks vkS vkya ddd kfjd la ;sn,d ksiz/d dsdsdsLek/;e cuk,A lS jkaadyk fpfM+ ;Jheq ksl ;akj>k¡ kst t vew rlkFk Z fp= fp= kfjd laizesds ukskj&lLd a@vkys vkys kuks awd cuk,A fp=] jksdyk kal fpfM+ ;ads a egkfo|ky; ij vk/kkfjr ksnhf{kr u] rfoLrkj vkS vkya lads ks/izt uks aE; lkFk fHkfRrfp= cuk,A fo/kkvks gh fo"k;ks axgj dks Hkh viuk lqFks,ls d Hkh v ds :i a;dyk&la mHkjs Aa@ka@'vkys mUgks u[jksdks xzydk kaiM+ 'lkFk ;kxcafHkfRrfp= xlnh jajalnh xfla jaxksky xkslnh a lnh xksa lnh ksdh a lnh ksdh bruh bruh bruh bruh bruh gYdh gYdh ijrks ijrks ijrks dks dks aacfYd a ed dks esÅ a afp=] esy[kuÅ yk;k aa ayk;k yk;k a uy[kuÅ yk;k yk;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k fd fd jadyk&la jaegkfo|ky; jaxkjegkfo|ky; xHkh ,d ,d ,d ,d nwAl nw]dkj nwAnwll js'jgs jsvkfn jsesls lsjsa eslanhf{kr ls lsa ls >k¡ d d d d d rsu] d rsgqrsog ,vo'; ls lsnh{kk&y[kuÅ fn[krs fn[krs gSo.kks gSgSa cgq gSa vflr gSjlkFk a vflr a uÅ alkFk al lkFk lkFk gh gh gh gh gh vYi vYi ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ,oa ,oa vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ jakjaLoLjaxxjadkj jadyk xdkj ad a [ij ksadks dks as kuks dks dks ikrs Aegkfo|ky; 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a esla av nhf{kr esFks nhf{kr a Fksanhf{kr nhf{kr a >k¡ nhf{kr nhf{kr gqjrsog gqrsigq,gqrsgqNfo ,gqgqNfo ,gqvkfn gqNfo ,gq,gq,gq,,Fksksgq,Fks,,Fvo'; Fks,dk AFkslsAFksls Adyk Fksgsls AFksml Aml Afp=] ml Afp=] Aqeml ml ml ml le; le; le; le; le; le; le; vflr vflr vflr vflr dq dq dqvYi dq dq edq edq evkS dq ekjefkjdykdkj ekjls ekjkHjkjjgs gYnkj kjgYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj gYnkj ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ds,oa ds ds ds izkvikjn'khZ /iz;vikjn'khZ iz/= izj/kkukpk;Z kkukpk;Z kkukpk;Z /kst /t kkukpk;Z kkukpk;Z /qeuks kkukpk;Z kkukpk;Z xijrks y *kjcks *cks kcks d k,oa [,oa y ^f'kYi ^f'kYi d fksfd ksegkfo|ky; Fij gvk/kkfjr kizjpuk pdj ;l gq[t ocuk,A jfn[krs d ksvew rgSog kvflr zifp= esagh Å [kjgYnkj y kAjd kogk¡ k,oa /d o,oa fdsds .iz,d pkkukpk;Z fvfHkO;fDr goiwfoLrkj F ok'k mue mues mues mue a a jp&cl jps jps jp&cl & & cls cls F Fks Fks F A A A ml ml ml le; le; le; y[ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[ uÅ uÅ d ds ds d dy dyk dyk dy eg egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; eg o| o| y; y; e es es e a a bl bl bl c ckr ckr c r r d dk dk d [ [kklk [kklk [ l l t tks tks t j j j jgr jgrk jgrk jgr F Fkk Fkk F fd fd d d dy dykdkj dykdkj dy d d j j yxH yxHkx yxHkx yxH x x lH lHkh lHkh lH e ek/;eks ek/;eks e /;e /;e a a v vkS vkS v j j j foLrkj ikrs jgs Fkspkgrs Aky kkvks y;kRedrk] okrkoj.k esfkAgkbZ aLfo/kk ,d Hkhuk izy[kuÅ H[kq kko y[kuÅ dyk ds xqog k;hnvo'; izkbLrs Hdyk&la kko d qefd kjiz^^y[kuÅ vfHkO;fDr ek/;e foLrkj jgs Fks deZ Fkyh gksgks nfy, lqudkxt d qejgs kjl esdh y[kuÅ ds dyk&la dkj izmudh q[dh krk lslkjh fn[krs gSkrk,¡ aAJ,d o.kks Zaqvyx le` a ca a dh deZ Fkyh fnYyh gks ckotw nAjrksrks lq d qejgs kjjgs alQs ds LvkS e^^y[kuÅ krk ls fn[krs gSkko aA,d o.kks Zaqeiwdh le` f)] )] dh uk'khyrk] deZ fnYyh ds nrks lq d qejgs kj;gk¡ y[kuÅ ds dyk&la Lfd;k dkj izx;kA e^^y[kuÅ q[^^y[kuÅ krk lslkjh gSkrk,¡ aA,d o.kks ZaqefHkfRrfp= le` fY)] rkuks dh snsnuk'khyrk] uk'khyrk] jdh kaigys fp=] fpfM+ ;Fkyh ksfo/kk a kbV ij vk/kkfjr laizHs izHessizds u] Nfo fp=] vew rij Z og fp= vkS jbLrs vkya d lamudh ;eT^^y[kuÅ t;g a@lkjh vkys [dk kuks lkFk O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj esky esLdw esLdw esfp=] a esLdw a Ldw esoftZ aLdw oftZ aLdw aoftZ oftZ ayoftZ ry rds rlS rdh rdh fd;k rdh fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA gkbZ y y y y kbV y kbV kbV vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jd jy[kuÅ jy[kuÅ jd j[kq [kq jy[kuÅ [kq y [kq y y s uy s uizs uizscks Heskko Hes;l kko Hjds ds ds fy, fy, dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dh lQs lQs lQs lQs nog nog n.hog nhnog hdk hvo'; dk hvkS dk dk dk dk bLrs bLrs bLrs bLrs epkgrs epkgrs epkgrs ky epkgrs ky eky ky ky fd;k fd;k fd;k x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA ;g ;g ;g lkjh lkjh fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks "qedh krk,¡ "H"krk,¡ ",d krk,¡ lqlqvyx lq lq d d dd d eid kjqekjdh qejls kjd cks cks cks cks llklnllfl foLrkj ikrs jgs FksgkbZ okrkoj.k lkFk lqy[kuÅ kjy ij krks y[kuÅ aij tks fo/kk gqq[h;g buks a fo'ks rkuks la snlq u'khyrk ij tksikrs jkufn;k vfLrRo vfLrRo cuk,A cuk,A gYnkj gYnkj ds igys Jheq ugkbZ ujHLgkbZ fla fla gkbV gkbV ]gh ]fnYyh 'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek vkfn dykdkj ;gk¡ igys igys ls ls jpukjr Fks vkS jkjfd dyk dk Hds kko Hkh Hkh iwqedh FksFksFksFksAFksjsAFksAFks[AFksAog Aog Aog Aog og og og og caO;ogkj caO;ogkj caa caxcadh xcaxcaky xcaxky xky xky ky xky ky Ldw y Ldw yoftZ yyyy dh dh dh dh ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k ok'k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fp=.k fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk fo/kk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ eskko a Heskko avkfn eskSkko aksizeskko iza t esaizckotw a ckotw l izds aizl izal izlds kjl izds kjds kjiM+ l kjlfy, kjkjfy, rks kjdykdkj rks kjrrks dj dj dj dj dj dj dj dj jgs jgs Fksdh FksFksdh Fksy FksesFksesdh ij Fksaog ij Fksa glQs ij ij ij ij og vo'; vo'; vo'; vo'; vo'; vo'; pkgrs pkgrs FksLkfjd Fksv Fksfodflr FkslqFks Fksdkj fd Fksfd Fksfd fd fd ^^y[kuÅ ^^y[kuÅ dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** dyk** ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx jsok'k wiok'k hx;kA kfp=.k HJheq ovkS kfgkbZ ziLy kfo/kk d kdk y hqe[kq dy musizvkfn v ksl Ffy, krks p jjgs sjgs sesdh iy[kuÅ ¡kok'k gog jfp=.k kjpukjr d y depkgrs nFkstks ffd;k kfd;k efd t mks^^y[kuÅ e;g kZ dyk 'mles ]lkjh gdyk** a fn[krs l ffo'ks uiz"izf"a a krk,¡ h,d s olq y gvyx sjkjkjs skjcks jcks gcuk,A Arkuks ,rkuks ox;kA RAlarlalaLooofsnv fo/kkvks fo/kkvks o/ o/dsdsdsds v vfp=ks a fp=ks a gfp=ks gh gh gjgs ugha ug cfYd vud vus vus vud ddbruh fo"k;ks fo"k;ks o" o" ;kkvks ;gkyk¡ aad dks dks d Hkh Hy;kRedrk] viu viuk viuk viu jpu jpuk jpuk jpu fo"k; o" ;yk;k ;ikrs cu cuk,A ,A ,A lde lq d kjjxlqizlqizxjlqiz,d Hkh Hkh Had cgq k;keh k;keh ;fd;k ;fd;k ey[kuÅ edlsgSgSdy dykdkj dykdkj dy d d jog jgSd dsds d :i :i :i elko/kkuh esZafoLrkj esxqelko/kkuh alkFk jAjAAgh Aikrs mUg mUgks mUgks mUg ua kko auus sFksxxzfd xzikjn'khZ xfd kfd E; E; n'; n`ogk¡ n`ogk¡ n'; ',d 'qeq;e,oa ;ij foLrkj ikrs Fks Aa[nscgYnkj jgs Aiz;Hkhuk jsij okrkoj.k esdykdkj ,d Hkhuk kko vkfn y[kuÅ dyk ds og .mH kkAdk vkS jtks HHizlkFk tks kjij dh aAfla okrkoj.k dyk ds og xqadyk .mH kij izkko Hkko tks kjij ek/;e AHkh okrkoj.k Hksd kko y[kuÅ dyk og xqdyk .mHkjs vkS jds Hkko tks kjhsnij dh vfHkO;fDr ek/;e gks ukkvks ds ckotw eshfoLrkj a fo"k; y[kuÅ ds LHlq dkj q[ls krk fn[krs aAds o.kks dh akE; dh la dsds fp=ks a aug aesugha esa deZ a esagYnkj esgh esgYnkj a gYnkj esansgYnkj nsa gYnkj a nsgYnkj [LnscfYd [nsclq[Fkyh kh[kh[khYd khkhYd tk khtk tk ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh gSjsij gS[Jheq gSaA[Jheq gSaAkkvks aAiM+ aAjgkyk¡ aAgYdh fdh ffla d fy[kuÅ d fgd fHgHkh d fijrks ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk ;nk&dnk vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ jadykdkj jacuk,A jaesaxcu xjaesjadykdkj xesjaxdykdkj kslxksa xaksx;k ksa dk ks,d amdk a ks,d dk a f'kYi adk dk dk izqglq izlde izHkhuk iz;gk¡ ;d iz;gk¡ ;rfodflr ;ks;gk¡ ;ks;gk¡ xq;el ksjaxqe;gk¡ ksxksxkskjxfjaigys lqigys d lq d d qkko efd qeqecgv qecgq kjkgqnwqels kjgqcgv ekjls kjbizlsvkfn kjolsusZuslsv usfmles usjpukjr usfd;k gSkFks gS'ij ij ij og og og og og bruh bruh bruh bruh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh ds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk fd fd fd jaqetk xtk kslnh dh eso" a fp=.k fd jseusv >k¡ ,,vkS ls fn[krs ay vikjn'khZ dh bruh gYdh O;ogkj esmHkjs adk yk;k x;k xiwjlq nwuk'khyrk] ldh ls/vfHkO;fDr fn[krslslsgSlsa lkFk g okrkoj.k okrkoj.k vkS vkS jfp=ks jfp=ks lkFk lkFk gh lq dd qeds kjds kjAfnYyh cks cks llds iM+ esqenO;ogkj a a qetks ok'k ok'k fo/kk fo/kk fodflr Zjpukjr a a prkuks rkuks a ijrks dh la lajjdks ojAmudh ojbruh snml snbruh u'khyrk u'khyrk ij tks jds jizHlkFk fn;k fn;k x;kA vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo vfLrRo cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A cuk,A gYnkj ds dstk ds ds ds igys ds igys igys igys igys igys Jheq Jheq Jheq Jheq fsgkyk¡ fksufgkyk¡ utfgkyk¡ ufgkyk¡ fuuakfn'kd uka fAfla udh ufla fla fla fla fla gd gy;kRedrk] ]y;kRedrk] g]es;nk&dnk g]y 'kehmTtek ]'kehmTtek ]n'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek 'kehmTtek vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ igys igys igys igys igys ls lsmles jpukjr jpukjr jpukjr jpukjr jpukjr Fksij Fksa ij Fksgqdh Fksij vkS vkS vkS jvkS jaFks mudh jmudh mudh mudh mudh mudh dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk izds izfjizds)] Hizjizds izHizizvYi Hidq kko Hjgs Hkko kko Hkko kko kko Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh iwfd jiwlqogk¡ iwogk¡ js qd iwsjd jiwsd jogk¡ sd js qsljogk¡ s os qeij kaigys ;ldrh xigys k;Jheq ngSjs[rhljs fgSaAJheq jdh iy[kuÅ k]gd r]g;nk&dnk ha lq'kehmTtek kdks 'lq oskjtkskjvikjn'khZ a vikjn'khZ l d ksavkfn ufp=.k krdykdkj ZbFksdyk&la d oigys kqls /kjlbvkfn kfd;k .jpukjr = fFksgSFksrsgSFks ovkS ksjvkS t esamudh Å ule; 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Z a Z a d dh dh d le le` le` le f f ) )] )] ) r rkuks rkuks r u u a a d dh dh d lonu la la lonu o o n s n s uk'khyrk] uk'khyrk] ' ' yr yr foLrkj ikrs jgs Fks A gS,ls gS,lsgSls gS,oa Als gSh;FkkFkZ Afn[krs gSfn[krs Anls gSfn[krs Ajafn[krs gSAfn[krs gSfn[krs AxgSfn[krs AgSfn[krs Aksel Aea rAvo'; ;gk¡ ;gk¡ jabruh jaxjaxjarjaxrjaky xksgYdh xksgYdh a xksagYdh ksfd;k esgYdh a ksfd;k esgYdh a gYdh ksaesgYdh esa esgYdh a esFkks a Fkks a aFkks Fkks a Fkks Fkks Mijrks Mijrks Mx;kA Mx;kA +kMijrks +kMijrks +kijrks +kdh fojks +kfojks +kfojks fojks /dks /dks kkHkkl /kkHkkl kkHkkl /kkHkkl kkHkkl kkHkkl fn[kus fn[kus fn[kus lsryk;k lskyk;k lsy lsdgha dgha dgha dgha vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd vf/kd iks iq,d "kiks iks anwdk aaglnwalq dk dk vkd"kZ vkd"kZ .d .>k¡ k.d .d krsmudh mudh mudh mudh ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ resdk rky rky k]rk]gSha rk]gSd k]oftZ k]gSa lqgSlkFk lqgSegkfo|ky; d lqlkFk d d ksxeksekskeksgh ed yrk kseyrk elq yrk yrk yrk yrk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jd jusesikjn'khZ jjikjn'khZ lqa lq jikjn'khZ lqoa ikjn'khZ lq lq xnhf{kr xlq U/k dk dk dk vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn fd;k fd;k fd;k tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSrgSgYnkj AZtgYnkj A fd og cabruh Ldw y ok'k fp=.k y[kuÅ a ",d iziks rks dj jgs ij og pkgrs FksqevYi fd ^^y[kuÅ ,d ds a echloha eschloha nsfn[kus tk ldrh gSfd aAfd f"iks d ;nk&dnk iza fd;k ;d ksxlkFk d fd;k gSdk og lko/kkuh dsdqd ds rhljs es"iks kjlskj>k¡ cks l f'kYi nhf{kr gq,oa Fks le; 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lkFk gSa lq aegkfo|ky; lkFk ad lkFk a;gk¡ lkFk gh gh gh gh gh gh gh vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi vYi ikjn'khZ ikjn'khZ ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ vikjn'khZ jajaHjaxZbkjxjakjjaxkko jakksxjaxgksa xvyx jakstk a cks xdyk ksdks acks ksxtk dks a kstk dks a vflr ksa dks ksdks a kl dks al;dks dks l c/O;ogkj jO;ogkj kkbV qdafn[kus qlfn[kus k[kq "y ksdgha 'dk odgha hvf/kd jfd kfd lfd Aiq",d ;fla klq ;nwd d fdh k>k¡ ed.d bgqrsFksdyk d s dykdkj Q t ,vYi y fkjvkS s esjlsesikjn'khZ kxxU/k kxU/k HxU/k ziU/k s,oa y qk,,oa [FksvkLokn jvikjn'khZ kSjAvikjn'khZ Vbruh bd ksfd;k y Atk xfy, ;dq fHkh odhesaogk¡ jjks gij odshds;dk vfLrRo cuk,A gYnkj ds igys Jheq uiq,d 'kehmTtek igys jpukjr vkS jml dkkdq iwlQs foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs ikrs jgs ikrs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs Fks jgs Fks Fks jgs Fks jgs Fks A A Fks A A Fks A Fks A Fks Fks A A A A j[ js js j[ [ [ kkvks kkvks v v a a d dh dh d y; y;kRedrk] y;kRedrk] y; 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fd ,d vyx fp=ks a x;kA [dyk** gSaA gkyk¡fd O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj O;ogkj a[esoftZ acuk,A esoftZ a akhoftZ a oftZ a oftZ oftZ rtk rchloha rrrrfd;k fd;k rfd;k rldrh fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA x;kA gkbZ gkbZ gkbZ gkbZ gkbZ y yFksy kbV kbV y kbV kbV kbV vkS vkS jcavkS jcaj[kq jizfla jd jr[kq y y [kq y [kq s]uy izs Ldw izvikjn'khZ y s kLdw izsgks sLdw HkizqeizHscks izHkko H;k kko Hlkko Hkkko kko kko dsdh ds dsdh ds fy, fy, dsfy, fy, dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dkxt dh dh dh lQs lQs lQs lQs lQs lQs nqedk nqeusdk hnok'k hnnkjhlkjnhdk hndk hdk dk dk bLrs bLrs bLrs bLrs bLrs bLrs bLrs eeseelsxeky enhf{kr ky eksesky ky fd;k fd;k fd;k x;kA x;kA x;kA ;g ;g ;g ;g ;g lkjh lkjh lkjh lkjh fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks "ds "krk,¡ "krk,¡ "n"akrk,¡ krk,¡ "lkFk krk,¡ ";dk krk,¡ krk,¡ lqiqlqlalqizkjlq"d lqflq d lq d qekpkgrs kjesu'khyrk kjogk¡ qekjqaekjkjcks kjcks cks cks logk¡ cks lij l cks ¡kgkbZ dy fkbV kvkS FvkS kvkS sx[kq d hyy /izHs kko lcks rdyk bfy, odk jAiziizdykdkj gSdh kdh ;eslQs d fn;gk¡ jhdk khdk eusdk qd qldgha zifd;k klfd;k d ksax;kA xx;kA ZhvkS ka ;g 'ml nj;g jlko/kkuh iZlkjh v kij d &og k"krk,¡ ¡Hlq kgSd y gqeogk¡ Akjcks gSacks ldsiztks k^^y[kuÅ hktk [a nsesldrk esansdyk** ksa=kh ptk s ldrh lnh rhljs n'kd esxj[kq a [kq lq d kjoHizkko lhdsdsuds ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky; a eky gqog Fksjabruh Adj le; vflr dqvo'; ed ds /t[jkkukpk;Z okrkoj.k vkS joy lkFk gh kjs y ij iM+ kksksgvko';drk Aadkxt y[kuÅ aeglw tks fp=.k fo/kk fodflr gq;g b>qklkjh a fo'ks rkuks dh ij foLrkj foLrkj oLr oLr j j i ikrs ikrs i r r jg jgs jgs jg F Fks Fks F A A A oLr j i r jg F A gSLabruh okrkoj.k jkh[nsHkkjrh; gh lq dE; cks ldsFkks ij iM+ tks ok'k fp=.k mles a og rkuks aksiks olko/kkuh u'khyrk fn;k x;kA jan`mldh ksd es;gkyk¡ a ds Mfd +kd kkHkkl fn[kus vf/kd iks vkd"kZ kgSa gSd mudh ;FkkFkZ lq efigys yrk vkS ldrk vfLrRo cuk,A gYnkj igys glq vkfn dykdkj ;gk¡ ls jpukjr Fks vkS mudh dk kko iwiwiwjjjs s s ds gYnkj igys vkfn dykdkj ;gk¡ igys jpukjr Fksdyk** vkS dyk kko Hkh Hkh lala;;dsds ksksds tds tds uds ufp=ks dk dk izkhlkFk rkhtk hr hr gks eglw eglw ll;;esesa;;ks;gks Ayk;k dgha ;",d ;u] ksu] aqu] ;k ;k jusfd;k eqy[kuÅ eqfls Vjgs VgqaAks>k¡ ksaba gkyk¡ ads f[kys f[kys iqog iqog "bruh iks a dkj a k]dkj ;g ;g izfeks izfkgr Hfgr kko kko nsds nsdj [ij [vYi kklsv kklkFk tk ldrk gS,oa gSij AvkS Aij cuk,A gYnkj ds fksaksesla gkjqu] ]qekjages dykdkj igys ls jpukjr jkjjgh mudh dk kko Hkh dsds fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a cks a laesfgLlk esfgLlk al aesl a esa lesads esds ansvkS esnsds a esansds ads [nsa[nsdsns[a Hkkjrh; 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pkgrs Fksds fd ,d ds a Jheq esizizesa;izfd tk gSfd;k fij d ;nk&dnk vikjn'khZ jaods xys ksys alkFk ;U/k ksogk¡ xogk¡ lq d qerjvikjn'khZ usmudh ogizksiz;izHHHl lko/kkuh cks cks cks cks cks l l xzldrh xzldrh xzldrh xzk;gk¡ E; xzkE; kx;k E; k;k E; ;'aAgkyk¡ ;'aAgkyk¡ ;aAgkyk¡ ;gYdh ds ds ds ds fp= fp= ns;nk&dnk ns;nk&dnk [ns[nscuk,A [oks/gSa[ksafp=.k ksy[kuÅ ;k a kks;k aAkska;k ;k aH;k ;k fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ksesaagks ;ksa ds ksij ij a ls ij vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr ;fla ksxlq tiqfla ksjlq tfla ksd tlq kst u] td u] ges ges a usy[kuÅ a usjsM+afd;k y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ajy[kuÅ ds ds ds ds dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la La Llesdkj LAesdkj Lrdkj Lladkj eks eks eks eks fgr gr gr dj dj dj ys ys r^^y[kuÅ ys rtks rjdk rs tk rs fd rgShsfd gSslq sgSjfd gSsaAfd gSfd aAizxgSfd aAldrk aAfd aAblds blds aAblds blds blds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk gh gh jatk xtk ksldrh agks dh bruh ijrks ak[ns[Aksdks O;ogkj ads jaxa ksq;exkhlq;ksxlq nwqe'kehmTtek rsvkfn gqdyk&la ,d ls fn[krs gSsn;gk¡ ad lkFk gh ikjn'khZ jafxgStk dks chloha ln lnh lnh ln d ds ds d rrhljs rhljs rizO;ogkj lj n'kd n' d el;k esvikjn'khZ es;k emldh a mldh agYnkj lde lq lde d qefp=ks kjvko';drk kjjjavko';drk jjavko';drk cks l lakksesdk l ,oa ,oa f'kYi f'kYi 'ldrh 'd Yi o| o| y; 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n; n; x; x;kA x; x; A A A la u gks ;k mldh vko';drk eglw l gks A dgha dgha >kfM+ ; ks a ;k >q j eq V ks a es a f[kys iq " iks a es a ;g iz H kko ns [ kk tk ldrk gS A ds fp=ks esa aAdk avkLoknu [ldrh gSugSy[kuÅ d ;nk&dnk vikjn'khZ izoHizkko ;gSeks kseks xfnseks d gSblds bruh lko/kkuh estk adyk nsfpfM+ [y gSy[kuÅ d vikjn'khZ xqDr[jqDksrksqDraLkuh; ksra Lkuh; izeks ;ky ksxgr xf[hnsgr lq d kjys gSHij og ogk¡ij ij ds aks;k es;k a fpfM+ nsfpfM+ [ldrh ldrh aAphuh fksds d ;eks d usrsAys og bruh lko/kkuh lkFk fd ogk¡ ij esn`'kq rfp= fd;k gkbZ jdjs [kq saAphuh iz[aAy[kuÅ fy, dh lQs bLrs ;g lkjh fo'ks d qejkjkStk gSizLdkj a ds es;ds a ds Fkks M fojks fn[kus ls vf/kd iqfkst iks ages dk .;gk¡ kds mudh rizHdkj k]Hekko lqeks d ks[fgr yrk dk vkd"kZ .lagkyk¡ dykdkj LVª kdk sDds ldyk&la u'khy xdj ksqelsdj a kjx;kA a xblds ls kkfor Fksgh AfMVs ¼xq t dk Hkh nkS;lakko lt k;vkS Fkk fd mudh dykd` fdk izgr Hlq kko AU/k le; dykdkjks phuh ,d ,dcks ckr ckr [kklrkS [kklrkS jfpfM+ ij ij muds muds bu fp=ks fp=ks a ds esha[esnsa[kyk ansfp=ks tk gSij gSHkh og og gSy gS,d dyk dk Hphuh kkoA kkoA ;gk¡ mYys mYys gSkko fd lqelds lqelds ds ledkyhu ledkyhu okbZ -dk -krk,¡ ds ds -bruh -gh cks cks cks cks cks lcks ll cks lllds lds lcks dscks ds ds ds ds Hkkjrh; ds Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; xzfpfM+ xzfpfM+ xzkxzxzkE; xzkE; xzkE; xzk;E; k;E; k;E; ;n`dh 'xbu ;'n`dh ';a ';-DksoftZ ;'d ;yk ds ds fp= ds fp= fp= fp= fp= nsa[jkr&1907&19½ nsa[fp=ks [kyk nsnskyk [kkyk ns[d ks[nsx;kA ks[a ksa[ks;k a /[dk ks;k kskh;k agSdk kskkHkkl aa ;k a dk fpfM+ ;k fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;adk kstk a ;kstk ij a ;ksij a ksij a ksa d ij ksij a vkS aldrh ij ij vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr laHgkyk¡ lay la la ;FkkA ;laY;la ksj;ks;tksmt ;dyk kst ;fks,st t u] u] ks¡kt u] u] u] u] u] ges u] ges ges a oges a phuh y[kuÅ a phuh y[kuÅ adkxt aizaizy[kuÅ avkd"kZ a Hy[kuÅ ds ds ds ds ds dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la Lladkj dkj Lizdkj LoizHAdkj dkj dkj fksnsfd fnseks f[nsfgr gr f[gr gr dj dj dj ys r;qvkS rusaxsAys rs Arkuks rsgStgk¡ s tgk¡ gSsrfd;k s aAgSfd;k gSsaAngSlq aAs gSaAFkha blds gSaAAblds AesafpfM+ blds aAfpfM+ blds blds blds lkFk lkFk lkFk gh gh gh gh s ;fp= -ds Zbds kfp= ofp= uÜk` y ekhadk l;k s nsvkLoknu d lkh;kh;kh;kbV ks;ks;ckstk fldrh gSvk/kkfjr hrks ky[kuÅ s kgkyk¡ g"vkS Aphuh ky[kuÅ ky[kuÅ Hy[kuÅ ziy[kuÅ kdyk dvikjn'khZ kds y d hlandyk&la p gizHLphuh gSeks r[nsfd;k llds kys t husrsADtgk¡ ktgk¡ [rgSjfd;k ksagSiz;kuh = pij s gh d ufMVs mlqyyfd;k jy ilko/kkuh rcks lklldrk k[a dsdsesdsra lkFk klkFk cgSdAfd ,fdogk¡ cks cks cks cks l lHkkjrh; lHkkjrh; lHkkjrh; lHkkjrh; lHkkjrh; ds dsdsdsdsjds fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;kE; ks;ksE; an`;ksan`ksan`dh ksa'n`dh ksan`'jadh a'dh fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= Ük`Ük` Ük` a[Ük`+ka[Ük` kyk kyk dk vkLoknu vkLoknu vkLoknu vkLoknu djs djs djs djs djs a dgha avk/kkfjr avk/kkfjr rks arks a;rks a rksrks y[kuÅ y[kuÅ vkS vkS vkS vkS j;nk&dnk j;nk&dnk jdk jges jges jges phuh phuh phuh dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk ladyk&la ladyk&la laula ;;vkS lahja;hja;qD;jaxqD;FkkFkZ ;xqD[r;k¡ rgSdk rdk izLdk kko Hsnkko kko klq kd [ecks kcks kdj lds kjadj lds kdj lds axkjdh axds axys axsAys axsAys tgk¡ tgk¡ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;lkFk ;ij ;lkFk ;lkFk ksfokbZ ;lkFk ksa ;lkFk ksa og ksvkLokn auml dk ksadk ksa dk a"bgh dk dk fMVs fMVs fMVs fMVs yy y jx ja jx jx x ks a d dh d d bru bruh bru bru gYd gYdh gYd gYd ijr ijrks ijr ijr a d dks d d O;og O;ogkj O;og O;og j j j e es e e a y yk;k y y ; ; ; x; x;k x; x; fd d d d jx ja jx jx x ,d ,d ,d nlj nw nlj nlj l js l ls l l > >k¡ > > dr d dr dr rs g, gq g, g, , l ls l l fn[krs n[ n[ n[ r r r g gS g g a l lkFk l l F F F g gh g g vYi vYi vYi i ikjn'khZ i i jn' jn' jn' ,o ,oa ,o ,o vi vikjn'khZ vi vi jn' jn' jn' jx ja jx jx x ks a d dks d d gShizdk AizhHkkoA ;gk¡ jackr x[kklrkS ksjkr&1907&19½ a [kklrkS es[kklrkS a[kklrkS FkksMds fojks /muds kkHkkl fn[kus lsesaksta estesa kesa unsy vf/kd iqizrr"rhhr iks dk vkd"kZ .lkdyk ;FkkFkZ rizHkkoA k]kkoA lq d ksd egks yrk vkS jdgha xgSfd ldrk gSesa esAfd ;H,d ksesadkseskkfor gks mldh vko';drk Aml dgha ;l ksAl alegRoiw ;k jLVª VkZ.kV,kZfp= al esha eskesHa vkS fgLlk gks vko';drk eglw lgSksgSAamYys gks Arkjrkuks >kfM+ ;cks ksa,sds ads ;k >qdykdkjks jeqd.eqkZ.eqkZ.fd;k VkskZfp= ksa fp= a tk "-au'khy es0a a 9;g a ;g ;g kkorkuks ldrkFksgSgSAgSAAA ;akkfor fgLlk hr gks vko';drk eglw Ad ksvkLokn >qndykdkjks j..ledkyhu ksfp= a af[kys iks HkHjkko kko ldrk a muds esdyk a ubu nsbu [bu khls ldrh aAogha gkyk¡ fM+kMiz+kd ;nk&dnk vikjn'khZ jaHla xdk ksLVª ;dk ks;gk¡ xr;gk¡ lq`d uskuh; fd;k gSU/k ij og lko/kkuh ds lkFk ij gSjij Aij dyk dk Hkh vkd"kZ FkkA dykdkj vkS jkx;s oLVª ja;gk¡ xlsl ak[kuh; izgSlqgSgSesHgSd Fksd Hkh FkkA phuh sDkZfp= ja okbZ oiq-ds x&izksizra izHdh iztk kkfor 'kq'kqDD,d yk yk ¼xq ¼xq t t jkr&1907&19½ dk dk Hkh Hkh nkS ,sk[Akh,sogha l letk ktk ktk Fkk fmudh r;k¡ r;k¡ phuh phuh Heglw kko kko ;qvkd"kZ DqemYys Dml rdgha Fkha Als Aua[kuh; ;kuh ;kuh ml le; le; eskokbZ a aokbZ phuh phuh ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ckr ckr ckr ckr ckr ckr ckr [kklrkS [kklrkS [kklrkS [kklrkS jikjEifjd jjj+kjij jij jfp=ks ij ij ij ij muds muds muds muds muds muds bu bu fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks at esunsnkS a esdgha nsaua[gSns[gSnsa d ns[dk ns[gSAjkh[gSdk tk khfgLlk tk khogha tk tk ldrh ldrh ldrh gSuvkS gShr gSmudh gSjkgSa jog gSphuh og og og og gS;k gSFgSgSdykd` gSdykd` phuh gSphuh phuh gSesa esmldh phuh dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk dk HlkkoA HlkkoA kkoA ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ mYys mYys mYys mYys [dgha [Ük`dgha [Ük`[Ük` kuh; [a Ük`kuh; [kuh; gS>kfM+ fd fd fd cks cks cks cks cks l l legRoiw l;k ds dsdsbruh ds ledkyhu ds ledkyhu ledkyhu ledkyhu ledkyhu ledkyhu okbZ -a ftues -½ds -ds-ds -iqds -sn"ds -1"ds -aiks -ok'k -a ok'k -a aok'k hdyk hbu pbu esalsfp=ks jkkfor ;khAtk l mMsaizfd ;if{k;ks Aog ha;k kgS;k s fdyk l odyk kdk ziLVª p ¡kphuh ;;gk¡ fgSlslgS;gk¡ kA;qgks h[Fkha d mdgha kvus kcks Fdk k;cks l jds kS>qledkyhu d 9-iqds 1jaogk¡ t qxnsns¼ns[[[a kkkkkls ykktk Dtk qkH'ldrk Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd ikjEifjd ikjEifjd ikjEifjd ikjEifjd dyk dyk dyk ls lsbu lsfp=ks ls izfp=ks iztk izlafp=ks izla Hizfp=ks HlaizksaHkkfor H,d H;kakkfor kkfor gSa jdk Ans.kh[gSAkhgS[Akhogha ogha ogha isldrh isFkk isldrh isMldrh isMlldrh isMldrh +ksa fd +kvkS sa +kvkS sa +kvkS sa vkS sa gSvkS jjmudh jgSog if{k;ks jog if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks aLVª a rmldh a phuh esa Dphuh esa phuh eska phuh essDyk, aq;yk, a yk, a yk, a yk, yk, x;s x;s x;s x;s x;s LVª LVª LVª kiza kizsnDdyk ksDkHizusDkizHu'khy sDlizksDHlkkoA sDlizHlizkkoA phuh phuh phuh phuh phuh gSAmYys gSAdh ml Ay ml AmYys ml ml Ük`[.aÜk`kuh; a[kyk a[kuh; kyk kyk kyk kyk kyk esgSesdykdkj eskkfor agSfd esa fd esfvus a>kfM+ vus afd vus afd vus aml vus dd d d d egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw fp= gSaf[kys gSf[kys gSesokbZ gSa gSokbZ ftues gSa okbZ ftues ftues a laokbZ ftues ftues a&iks ok'k a 7aok'k ok'k O;og O;ogkj O;og O;ogjjjeeseea ooftZ oolatr tr tr rkstfd;k d; d; d;dkx; x;kA x; x; AAAggkbZ gg;gk¡ by by yrkbV bV bV bV vkS jjFkks jFkks [[kq [[MMMyy y sfojks iH iziH iH Hvko';drk kko ookkHkkl d dsdd fy, y, y, y, d dkxt ddxt xt d dh d dAlQn lQs lQn lQn nhldgha d dk ddiqiq""bLre bLrs bLre bLre eky yy y fd;k d; d; d; x; x; AesA;g ;g llkjh llgSjjiqjArr"nsrfo'ks o' ";k "ad "krk,¡ rrksrkseksefpfM+ ,,,yrk lde lqlde lde d;vkS qeksvkS kjnsij jjjj[ccks gSmudh Amudh jagSLVª kskksftues av esav kkHkkl lsxt vf/kd iks k'A;kuh ;FkkFkZ k]o' lq d lqc&lqc xlkltk U/k dk ;gk¡ jaxgS,d ksnkS eslnkS /lq kkHkkl vf/kd "Hkko iks a lsdk .Axy* kA;kuh mudh ;FkkFkZ k]rks lq d lqu'khy xlFHkhus U/k.ldrk vkLokn fd;k tkldrk ldrk ;gk¡ ja,d xxgSftues asDv es'nkS +kl fojks /nsofd vf/kd .AjkFkkA kAx;kA k]aks[o' lq U/k fd;k tk ldrk izby gks ;k l[fkkij dgha >kfM+ ;;qfp= ksksaD;qvkd"kZ >qFkha eqxx; Vmudh ksdk a Aosdk a;g f[kys iks a dykdkjks esadykdkjks cks Hkkjrh; ky E; n`y* ';kuh ;dk ds fp= ksarks ;a gSdk u] dyk dyk Hkh Hkh vkd"kZ vkd"kZ FkkA dykdkj phuh phuh sDnkS l vkS j+kk,sl jok'k la snkyk sn/fd u'khy u'khy jafpfM+ jaizHfn[kus kskko aeglw adykd` dh dh a tk lsophuh izldrk Hy[kuÅ Hkkfor Fks dyk dk Hkh kxFkha dykdkj phuh ku;g sDnsgYds vkS j]aphuh la osAd jadx;vkLokn ksklavkLokn av dh a ges lsky Htk kkfor FksAds dyk& 'kq'kq'kq'kq'kq DgS'kq Ddk 'kq Ddk 'kq yk DADyk Dyk Dyk yk Dyk yk yk ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq t¼xq t jkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ t jkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh ,d ,d ,d nkS jankS j;a nkS ja nkS jj,sFkks ja ,svkS ,slaok'k ,sl kfp= k+klkl Fkk kfojks Fkk kdk Fkk kodk Fkk Fkk Fkk fd fd fd mudh mudh dykd` dykd` dykd` dykd` dykd` dykd` fkskkdgha r;k¡ r;k¡ fr;k¡ r;k¡ fr;k¡ fvk/kkfjr r;k¡ phuh phuh phuh phuh phuh phuh phuh izizl HizgSizHgSiziqHds kko kko lsAa ,d lsa u] lsdk lsd ;qvkd"kZ ;qlsfp= ;qfp= D;qvkd"kZ Dfp= ;qvkd"kZ rDax;qDrDr;k ry[kuÅ Fkha rFkha r.Fkha Fkha AxFkha ;kuh A;kuh ;kuh ;kuh ml ml ml ml ml ml ml le; le; le; le; le; dykdkjks dykdkjks dykdkjks akizyrk a gjs ajesgjs esa Hgjs aeskgjs a esgjs a kko esgjs a]esdj esphuh a]esaphuh aHkhus phuh phuh phuh phuh A[kkfdgha rar;k¡ fldrk kizldrk kldrk zikkfor s izgSla kkko rA,d hlsdk h.AxFkha umudh n;kuh a ml l j;FkkFkZ kS;le; v ldjs Ddjs ªdykdkjks Vrks LLVª hgYds hlp[efyrk d y Zkdk "dk hksAt kHrkuks kfMVs dfd;k yiza dy[kuÅ dk dk dk dk dk dk lq¼xq lq lqt lqlq UtUt lqt nj Unj Unj Ut nj Unj nj iziz..izizHizkH;kizHkko Hkko HFkkA kko Hkko kko kko [ns[nscks [ns[kk[kk[kkl kkkkHkkjrh; tk kkfgLlk tk tk tk tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSE; gSLVª ftues ftues ftues a j,smldh ok'k a j,slok'k a ,sla ok'k ok'k dk dk dk dk lqfd lqfd lq Umudh Ulqksmudh nj Udk nj Umudh nj Umudh nj nj izizfn[kus izfn[kus izHxizHxkko Hkko Hdykd` Hkskko kko kko nsks[nslsa rkuks [nsrkuks [r;k¡ kkfFdgha kkftk kkgks tk tk tk ldrk ldrk gSAizHgSkko A;Hizksakko gSHAukko AHkko A,d ,d Aiks ,d ,d fp= fp= ^;q ^;q ^;q ^;q ^;q xy* y* y* y* dk dk dk ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ djs djs djs djs aHdkj a dykdkjks a rks rks rks gYds gYds gYds gYds ]kvkS ]phuh Hkhus ]aaxHkhus Hkhus Hkhus Hkhus &Hkhus &Hkhus Hkhus cks lunsnsnsdykdkj ds xzHkh khr n`kftues ds [lqfd a Unj ;k ;nsnsns[ls ksFks t ges aDrxzjrD^;q ds dyk&la eks gr yssn&tgk¡ rkk&Avk/kkfjr sk&xHkhus gSHkhus aAkfpfM+ blds gh ds fpfM+ ;,d ksgS,d a ,d dh fp= Ük`klaFkk a[oFkk vkLoknu djs alstk rks vkS jls phuh dyk la qDle; rle; izLa dykdkjks kko lds kslkFk d ds d d fp=ks p= p= p= a e es e e a n[ ns n[ n[ [ kh t tk t t ldr ldrh ldr ldr gA gS gA gA A a g gkyk¡ g g y y y f d d d ;n ;nk&dnk ;n ;n &dn &dn &dn vi vikjn'khZ vi vi jn' jn' jn' jx ja jx jx x ks a d dk d d i; iz i; i; ; ks x x x lde lq lde lde d q e kj j j j u us u u fd;k d; d; d; g gS g g ij ij ij og og og bru bruh bru bru l lko/kkuh l l o/ o/ o/ u u u d ds d d l lkFk l l F F F fd d d d og ogk¡ og og ij ij ij gSAldrk gSck¡ Aphuh gSck¡ gSck¡ Ajphuh Ajph Adk ;gk¡ adykdkj Mdq +kNck¡ fojks /a ksphuh lsjlajksla dgha vf/kd iks akgiw vkd"kZ .Hizydk kHkkfor mudh rk]izLVª lq difRr;ks ksifRr;ks e;gk¡ yrk jvfrfjDr lqrxs U/k dk cks ldk ds Hkkjrh; 'dykdkj ;a Fkks ds fp= [M+a dks ksfLVª afpf=r ;k ksizo+ka dh u] ges ds LxbZ dkj eks dj ys gSvaAesjagSck¡ blds ,d ij dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ .BHkw .",d .BHkw k.jaE; k.FkkA k.xkFkkA dykdkj dykdkj phuh phuh phuh LVª LVª LVª LVª LVª kLVª ksDLVª ksDksDfn[kus kl sDksDlk¡ksDfpfM+ lksDgll sDdjs ldjs vkS l vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jrks lajolaij la oy[kuÅ olay[kuÅ olasnax;k osnx;k ox;k snesou'khy snou'khy snvk/kkfjr snu'khy u'khy snnsgSu'khy javkS jatk jaxkxjajaxHjaksxjala xksiqjaisxzijaksja xdh ksaldrh ksdh xiz"a;Mksdh adh dh ksrizaodh rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks a.if{k;ks ls izydk HizFkkA Hydk izydk Hkkfor kkfor Heskkfor kkfor kkfor Fks;u?laFks?kkrks Fks?kkrks Fks Fks?dyk AFks AFks AFksAA;FkkFkZ Aa lsAa jlsiza izgSls dyk dk Hkh vkd"kZ .kZls krwfizrwflsy[kuÅ dykdkj k[sDifRr;ks lifRr;ks vkS ovfrfjDr snvfrfjDr ksck¡ dh a ygh lsfd;k iz.vkS Aftues izfpfM+ izdk izdk izHdk izHdk izHkko Hkko HHkh kko Hkko kko kko dh dh dh dh dh i`i`i`i`"i`"i`BHkw "xzfp= "fp= BHkw "k.BHkw BHkw f.kfFkkA ekfFkkA eksFkkA fkeFkkA fackr eFkkA fn`Hkkjrh; eÜk`esFkkA eesesdykdkj esa[y esa[esdykdkj esdq adykdkj dq a Vsdykdkj dq a [kklrkS dq a dq N NNNN ck¡ ck¡ l l lAlphuh l ksvkLoknu ksvkLoknu l aij dks ksnsphuh akkHkkl ksdks a ksdks a dks dks fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k x;k x;k x;k gSu'khy gSu'khy gSftles ftles ftles ftles ftles iza ksphuh izphuh izt osa dh orkuks ovkS kgiw odk kgiw kgiw kgiw kgiw .a dyk kZa.kZls.a kls kZaog .akZrwls rwa lskZrwaizls rwfydk fizHydk fizdk fy lalahla ?la ?qDAkkrks kkrks kkrks kkrks a dyk&la a gSphuh lsa lsv ls jph jph jph jph xbZ xbZ xbZ ifRr;ks ifRr;ks aml ds alads a ds a vkS ds ds vfrfjDr vfrfjDr ck¡ ck¡ ck¡ lala ldk l l ksvkLokn ksla kksd a ds ksy a ksds a ksds a lkFk ds a rkuks ds ds dPps dPps dPps dPps dPps dPps vkS vkS vkS vkS jjkkfor jhjtk jd jckr muds bu fp=ks aksnu'khy [nsgSAgSftles khogha gS.dyk gSkkfor phuh HxbZ kkoA mYys [u'khy fd cks l ds ledkyhu okbZ ikjEifjd dyk lslvkS izjA;vkS Hjlajad kkfor jrkuks aHkkfor a lalayk, x;s LVª kjph sDlxbZ phuh gSfgr Aaxja jsaa Ads Ük`vfrfjDr a[kkuh; kyk axck¡ vus egRoiw kZHfvkS fp= cks ckslldyk dsds fpfM+ ; ; ks ks a a dh dh Ük` kyk kyk dk dk a a rks vkS dk ; q D r r H H kko kko ns ns [ [ k k lds lds x a s A tgk¡ tgk¡ fpfM+ fpfM+ ; ; ks ks a dk fMVs fMVs y M f k d a s k ; p f t s x a s l [ o k D q ; a l d k d h p S k Å u k y s k r d u n o L k k d k [ a ` k Ü = p ksagS;Fksa M+[kklrkS fp-fdsd s a j-ok'k lkscmuds bu fp=ksa esa l; la l; l; ; ks tu t tu tu u d dk d d fgLlk gLl gLl gLl ir iz ir ir r hr r r r g gks g g ; ;k ; ; mld mldh mld mld v vko';drk v v o';dr o';dr o';dr egll eglw egll egll l g gks g g A A A dg dgha dg dg dg dgha dg dg > >kfM+ > > M; M; M; ; ks a ; ;k ; ; >jeV >q >jeV >jeV j eq V ks a e es e e a f[kys [ [ [ y y y i"i iq i"i i"i " iks a e es e e a ;g ;g ;g iH iz iH iH H kko o o o n[ ns n[ n[ [ kk t tk t t ldr ldrk ldr ldr gA gS gA gA A Asdk ,d ckr [kklrkS jdh ij muds bu nsls kh+kyxk;k tk phuh dyk dk kkoA fd ltgk¡ okbZ -dkj dsy ,d [kklrkS a Hkyk aHkko nsHkko tk gSsAtgk¡ og gSledkyhu Heks cksl cks ds xzdjs E; n`y[kuÅ 'a y[kuÅ ;y[kuÅ ds [jck¡ kskphuh asDml fpfM+ ;HgSvkS ksdykd` vk/kkfjr t ges y[kuÅ dsds LHok'k gr ys rkrirs [s gSs&gS;gSkuh; aAHkhus lkFk gh cks ldk xzif{k;ks E; n`y[kuÅ 'esftues ;a og nsjck¡ [ck¡ ksafd al ;dk a ml kst u] ges y[kuÅ Ldkj eks ys blds lkFk cks l Hkkjrh; xzldrh 'y[kuÅ ;y[kuÅ nsLVª [l ksphuh ;dk ij vk/kkfjr laxjansla ;[vus u] a sAaxtgk¡ y[kuÅ Ldk dkj eks dj aAhaArblds blds lkFk ghghds led iDds iDds iDds iDds iDds iDds gksgksgksgks u;gks u;u;ksus;ksdyk u;asgSdyk s;dh vuq vuq vuq vuq vuq vuq efp= eizdk eHku Hkh muds muds muds muds jadk javkLoknu xds xesjavkLoknu jads xvkLoknu javkLoknu x= ksnsvkLoknu xksaa vkLoknu xisksadyk ksHkkjrh; a[ksp lsa ksM aHkkjrh; lsM[ls a kklsfls+kyxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k tk tk tk tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSgSFkkA gSckr Ay Afp= dq Ax;s dq dq dq N NkjN`akjNnsLVª ck¡ l l ksj;k ksla ;k ksa UAdyk ksesa phuh ksdyk esij anj ksaesphuh esaphuh esfpfM+ adyk esfpfM+ gjk adyk a dyk agjk a gjk gjk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jij jDla jij j;la dqla j[ks;la dq dq dq N N ihyk ja[esjakko ja[xkko jakuh; xa nsjaax;khnsesaxvus cM+ hd hgS,d hjalds hlds gh hlds hlds gh gh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh ls lsizls lsphuh izds ;dyk&la x;adk ksksaxftØ ksdk ksxadk xfd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k x;k x;k x;k x;k gSygYds gSgSAfgSAfgSd Afgr AAgr A;gk¡ dk Hkh kds dykdkj LVª sDksajlabu oiz,Hkko u'khy xgh a lsaxlko/kkuh dh rkuks a xfp= lsfpfM+ FksfMVs 'kqdh Dls yk dk Hkh ,d nkS jgSAgSgSAfp= ,sAdq Fkk mudh r;k¡ phuh izns[kskcM+ kko ;qv Dtgk¡ Als a fesi]mYys lqÜk`kHkh UHkh nj izmuds Hl gSn`ldrk akgSfp= ok'k dk lql;k izgjk kko nsl kk;dq ^;q y* djs a x;k rks gjs Hkhus Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; ls ize/e/ku Heku kkfor kkfor gSufp=ks gSkyk Adk Adk ogha ogha isdg sa sayxk;k vkS jdjs esy[kuÅ a.d yk, yk, x;s kck¡ sDmudh gSdk AklksAAadk ml Ük`fqDd kyk esla egRoiw .ksar.tgk¡ kZv kZds fp= gSiz;;kkfor a AfMVs ale; cks cks cks cks cks cks lcks l;g l cks l lllikjEifjd dsikjEifjd l ds ds ds ds ds ds fpfM+ ds fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;gks ksaudk ;s ksMadk kssMadk dh ksMa dh ksa dk ksa+kdk dh adh dh fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= Ük`ku Ük`ku a[Ük`Hkh a[Ük`olHkh a[Ük`t a[Ük`l kyk a[kyk a[Hkh kyk a[jkr&1907&19½ a[muds kyk kyk kyk dk dk dk dk vkLoknu djs djs djs djs aktk djs akd akE; rks a rks avkd"kZ rks a i"i rks arks rks rks y[kuÅ vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jvkS jÜN phuh jck¡ phuh phuh phuh phuh phuh dyk dyk dk dk dk la la ;dq ;la qDfp=ks ;vkS qDN qDLld ;vk/kkfjr rN qDÜk`;qDrN rtk qDN r;sjihyk rqDa[ihyk ra[izihyk rksmYys izxihyk rizla izihyk izHesldrk izHyrk kko Hizkko Hksnkko nsxv [ns;cM+ ns[gSkscM+ [nsksacM+ [AkcM+ [Hjk[d lds ku] lds klxU/ kldrh lds axges axgh sAaxfp= axsAjaxlko/kkuh sAalko/kkuh axkSsAcks sAa dk tgk¡ sAtgk¡ tgk¡ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;iznH;nizgS;dk ksiz;;dyk&la ksa ;;d; ks;aftues ;ksdk ksftues ksksxa dk ksxa ml dk dk fMVs fMVs fMVs fMVs fMVs y y y y y y- dykdkjks k¼xq 'Ük`ku eskyk t fukko gSajaavkLoknu Zktk .vkS wivdjs ojldrk Rif{k;ks gd earks d usgSaldrk v esads kl [Njdq gSdyk hgjk ugSmuds hizAHgSdk p ªV;gk¡ y ;t klds {lxU/ fegRoiw iksgh M+v isFkha halsfpfM+ gfpfM+ o;kuh Aks;aizfd;k gSksdyk&la rdyk odk ftk kfMVs kok'k zildr syizx;k l kgSkkoA ddj jdj Ea ys jphuh jkkgSH fd gS gS gS A gS A A gS A gS A gS gS A A A ;gk¡ ;g ;g jx ja jx jx x ks a e es e e a F Fkks F F fojks oj oj oj / kkHkkl H H H l fn[kus n[ n[ n[ u u l ls l l dgha dg dg v vf/kd v / / / d iq i"i i"i " iks a d dk d v vkd"kZ v v d" d" d" . . . k mud mud mud ;F ;FkkFkZ ;F ;F F F F r r r k] ld lq ld eyr e eyr eyr v vkS v j j lq lxU/ x U/k d d d vkLokn v Lo Lo Lo n d; d; t t t ldrk ldr ldr gA dk vkd"kZ dykdkj LVª sD]ftues l xllHkh a Hds dh rkuks izHkokbZ kkfor A 'kq Dbu ykizizfp=ks ¼xq ta a nsesa nsesjkr&1907&19½ nkSMisgdk ,ssa +klq Fkk fd kko ls Fkha Avus ;kuh ml dykdkjks a esaysak[&ok'k aa[jok'k phuh ij ij ijdk muds muds muds bu bu fp=ks fp=ks es[a [a cks nsa kknskkns[[dyk [tk khdyk khdyk khdyk tk tk ldrh ldrh gSftues gSh,d gSogha gSogha gSogha phuh phuh dyk dk dk izdks izHizkko Hkko HfaHkkoA ;gk¡ ;gk¡ mYys mYys [akp [nskoafsDLVª [nsksDr;k¡ kuh; 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Û MkW- vo/ks'k feJ

ÛÛ MkW MkW-- vo/ks vo/ks''kk feJ feJ

the art of sukumar bose

ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛMkW MkW ÛMkW ÛMkW ÛMkW MkW --MkW --MkW -MkW vo/ks MkW -vo/ks vo/ks -vo/ks -vo/ks -vo/ks -vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks vo/ks ''''k'kk'k'kfeJ 'kfeJ feJ 'kfeJ 'kfeJ kfeJ kfeJ feJ feJ feJ

Û MkW- vo/ks'k feJ Û MkW- vo/ks'k feJ

gSA

foLrkj ikrs jgs FksA

123

gSA

Expansion of The Lucknow Wash

dyk dk Hkh vkd"kZ.k FkkA dykdkj phuh LVªksDl vkSj laosnu'khy jaxksa dh rkuksa ls izHkkfor FksA

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124

dh QsQsyyksksff'ki 'ki ij ij rFkk rFkk nqnqcckjk kjkls^ba^ba M;k gkml] u* dks dks fpf=r fpf=r djus djus {j.knk {j.knk pj.k pj.k mdhy mdhy dh ffM;k gy djgkml] nsrs gSaAyayannu* j lqlqdj /kkakkaf'M;k 'nskqnskqnsrr'ksr'kss s gSs [gSgkml] [gSaAaAkjaAkj pkS pkS//yakjh kjhnu* ¼dksdksyydkrk½ dkrk½ dsds lkFk} jkjk /dj ¼dks lkFk} dh Qsyksf'ki ij rFkklslsvkS nqlsvkS cgy ^ba fpf=r djus {j.knk pj.kls gy mdhy gy gy dj dj nsrs gSaA vkSj lq/kka'kq 'ks[kj pkS/kjh ¼dksydkrk½ lkFk} vkS vkS lqdj lqdj //kkakkanskkans'ns'nsr'nsrkqgkml] pkS pkS //kjh kjh kjhdks ¼dks ¼dks dkrk½ dkrk½ lkFk} lkFk}pj.k jjjdj lqfdj /dj ¼dks yyydkrk½ lkFk} dh Qsydsksf'ki ij rFkk nqls clslslskjk ^ba M;k n/u* fpf=r djusdsdsds{j.knk lslsvkS gy gy gy gy gy gy dj nsrkqrs kqrs 'ks rgSs 'ks sgSgS'ks s gSsaAgS[aAgSaA[aA[aAkjaAkjkjyapkS lq/kka'gkml] kq 'ks[kjyapkS ydkrk½ lkFk}pj.k mdhy dh Qsyksf'ki ij rFkk nqckjkvkS^bajfM;k nu*/kjhdks¼dks fpf=r djusds{j.knk vkSj lq/kka'kq 'ks[kj pkS/kjh ¼dksy dkrk½ lkFk} vkS j^ba^ba kkaM;k 'gkml] kqgkml] 'ks [kjyayaya pkS /nu* kjh ¼dks yfpf=r dkrk½ ds{{{lkFk} dh QsQs yQs 'ki ij rFkk nqnqnqcnqcnqcnqckjk ^ba^ba flq dks fpf=r djus dh dh dh dh dh QsQs Qs yyyksyksfyksfds fks'ki ks'ki fksf'ki f'ki 'ki ij ijij ij ij rFkk rFkk rFkk rFkk rFkk ckjk ckjk kjk kjkkjk ^ba ^ba fM;k fM;k M;k ff/M;k fM;k gkml] gkml] gkml] gkml] yanyanyanu* nu* nu* u* u* dks dks dks dks dks fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r djus djus djus djus djus {{{

cks cks cks cks cks lcks llllldsdsdsdsdsdsHkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh;xzxzxzxzkkxzE; kE; xzkE; kE; E; kE;n`n`n`n`''n`'n`';;';;';ds ;dsdsdsdsdsfp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp=nsnsnsns[[ns[ns[ks[ksa ks[a ksa ;k ;k ksa ;k aks;k a ;k;kfpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;;;;ks;ksa ksa;ksa ij ij ksa ij aksij a ij ijvk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjrlalalala;la;;la;ks;kst kst ;kstkstu] t ksu] u] tu]u]u]ges ges ges ges ges ges a a a y[kuÅ y[kuÅ a y[kuÅ a y[kuÅ a y[kuÅ y[kuÅdsdsdsdsdsdsdyk&la dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la dyk&la LLLdkj Ldkj dkj Ldkj Ldkj dkjeks eks eksekseks feks ffgr gr fgr fgr fgr grdj dj dj dj dj djysysysysys rrys rrs s rs gSrgSs gSs gSaAs aAgSaAgSaAblds aAblds blds aAblds blds bldslkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFkgh gh ghghghgh ,d ,d ,d ckr ckr ckr ckr ckr[kklrkS [kklrkS [kklrkS [kklrkS [kklrkS [kklrkS jij ij ijmuds muds muds muds muds mudsbu bu bu bu fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a a a esesa esa esa esa a nsesnsa nsa ns[a[ns[ns[kh[khkhla [khkhtk khtk tk tk ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh ldrh gSog gSog og og og oggSgSgSgSgSphuh gSphuh phuh phuh phuh dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dykdk dk dk dk dkizizizizHHizHizkkoA HkkoA HkkoA kkoA HkkoA kkoA ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ ;gk¡ mYys mYys mYys mYys [kuh; kuh; [kuh; kuh; gSgSgSgSgSfd gSfd fd fd fd fdcks cks cks cks cks lcks l lllldsdsdsdsdsdsledkyhu ledkyhu ledkyhu ledkyhu ledkyhu ledkyhuokbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ okbZ --ds -ds-dsds -ds --ds --- kE;,d n`,d ',d ;ckr dsbose fp= nsj[jjjksij a jij ;kij fpfM+ ;bu ksbu a fp=ks ij vk/kkfjr ;tk kstk tldrh u] gesgSgSa gSgSy[kuÅ dsphuh dyk&la Ldk dkj eks fgr djmYys ysmYys r[[s [[gSkuh; aAkuh; blds lkFk gh cksl ds Hkkjrh; the art ofxzsukumar dykldrh dk Hkh vkd"kZ phuh LVª ksDlmYys j[la ophuh snu'khy jalsxlslsls a AAlsA;kuh iz;kuh Hkkfor Fksle; Ale;dykdkjks 'kq'kq'kq DD'kq DDyk yk Dyk Dyk yk yk ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq ¼xq ttttjkr&1907&19½ tjkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ tjkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ jkr&1907&19½ dk dk dk dk dk Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d nkS jjknkS jjFkkA j,s,sj,s,sll ,sl,sldyk klkdykdkj klkFkk kFkk Fkk kFkk FkkFkkfd fd fd fd fd fdmudh mudh mudh mudh dykd` dykd` dykd` dykd` dykd` ffvkS fr;k¡ r;k¡ fr;k¡ fr;k¡ fr;k¡ r;k¡ phuh phuh phuh phuh phuh HizHizkko Hkko Hkko kko Hkko kko ;qds ;qD;qDD;qDrrDrrkuks DrrFkha rFkha Fkha Fkha Fkha AFkha A;kuh ;kuh A;kuh ;kuh ml ml ml ml ml ml le; le; le; dykdkjks dykdkjks dykdkjks dykdkjks dykdkjks a a a esaesesa esa esa a esphuh aphuh phuh a phuh a phuh phuh muds bu fp=ks a esa ns[kh tk gSHkh og gSnkSnkSnkS.nkS phuh dk izmudh Hmudh kkoAdykd` ;gk¡ kuh; gSizizizizHfd cks lkslsa ls;q;qdh ledkyhu okbZ -ds -le; ,d ckr [kklrkSj ij 'kq'kq dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dk dk dk dk dk dk Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ vkd"kZ FkkA kFkkA kFkkA FkkA dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj phuh phuh phuh phuh phuh LVª LVª LVª LVª LVª kLVª ksDkdykd` sDksDksDllsDklsDllvkS lvkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jfjjr;k¡ jlajlalajlaolaoolaosnosnphuh snosnu'khy u'khy snu'khy snu'khy u'khy u'khy jaxjaxxjaxksjaksxa ksa xksadh dh ksalsdh aksdh adh dh rkuks rkuks rkuks rkuks lsa lsa lsalsizlsAizizizHHiz;kuh Hizkkfor Hkkfor Hkkfor kkfor Hkkfor kkfor FksFksFksFksAFksAAFksAle; AA dykdkjksa esa phuh dk Hkh ,d...k.k.knkSk.FkkA jFkkA ,sdykdkj ldykdkj k Fkk fdphuh mudh izHjajakko ;qrkuks Drkuks ra a alsFkha ml 'kqDyk ¼xqtjkr&1907&19½ FkkA LVª kfp= sDfp= l Ük` vkS odk sndk u'khy jaxksa dhdjs rkuks a rks lsy[kuÅ izy[kuÅ HkkforvkS FksvkS dyk dk Hkh vkd"kZ.k cks cks cks cks cks lcks lllldykdkj ldsdsdsdsdsdsfpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;phuh ;;;ks;ksa ksa;ksa dh ksa dh dh aksdh a dh dhfp= fp= fp= fp= Ük`Ük`Ük`a[Ük`a[a[Ük`ja[kyk a[kyk kyk a[lakyk kyk kyk dk dk dk dkvkLoknu vkLoknu vkLoknu vkLoknu vkLoknu vkLoknu djs djs djs djs djs a a a rks a rksrks a rks a rks y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ vkS vkS vkS vkS jjAjjjphuh phuh jphuh phuh phuh phuhdyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dykdk dk dk dk dk dklalalala;la;;la;qD;qDqD;qDrrqDrqDrrizrizizizHHizHizkko Hkko kko Hkko Hkko kkonsnsnsns[[ns[ns[k[kk[klds klds lds klds lds lds axaxaxaxsAsAaxsAaxsAsAtgk¡ tgk¡ sAtgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;;;;ks;ksa ksa;ksa dk ksa dk dk aksdk a dk dkfMVs fMVs fMVs fMVs fMVs fMVs yyyyyy cksl ds fpfM+;ksa dh fp= Ük`a[kyk dk vkLoknu djsa rks y[kuÅ vkSj phuh dyk dk la;qDr izHkko ns[k ldsaxsA tgk¡ fpfM+;ksa dk fMVsy Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd dyk ls izHkkfor gSA ogha isM+ksa vkSj if{k;ksa esa yk, x;s LVªksDl phuh gSA ml Ük`a[kyk esa vusd egRoiw.kZ fp= gSa ftuesa ok'k dk lqUnj izHkko ns[kk tk ldrk gS ftuesa ok'k dk lqUnj izHkko ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ,d fp= ^;qxy* dk ftØ djsa rks gYds gjs] Hkhus&Hkhus izHkko dh i`"BHkwfe esa dqN ck¡lksa dks fpf=r fd;k x;k gS ftlesa izokgiw.kZ rwfydk la?kkrksa ls jph xbZ ifRr;ksa ds vfrfjDr ck¡lksa ds dPps vkSj iDds gksus dk vuqeku Hkh muds jaxksa ls yxk;k tk ldrk gSA dqN ck¡lksa esa gjk vkSj dqN ihyk jax cM+h gh lko/kkuh ls iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

phuh gSA ml Ük`cks a[kyk .Hkkjrh; kZHkkjrh; fp= gSikjEifjd a ftues ok'k dk UHkkfor nsogha [isiskkisisvkS ldrk gS a ftues a laok'k dk izkHkko nsml [ml kkÜk`tgk¡ ldrk gSksvus Ad ,d fp= xfp= y*gSgSgSgSa agSdk ftØ djsa rks gYds g Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd ikjEifjd ikjEifjd ikjEifjd dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk lsls lslslsizlsizizdjs izlq HHizHizkkfor Hkkfor kkfor Hnj kkfor gSHgSgSAkko AgSAgSAogha Aogha ogha Aogha ogha MMisMisMtk +kM+ksa +kjMsa +ksavkS vkS +ksa vkS sa+kvkS savkS vkS jjjjif{k;ks jif{k;ks if{k;ks jif{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks a aesesa esa esdk a esa ayk, esyk, a yk, a yk, ayk, yk, x;s x;s x;s x;s LVª LVª LVª kLVª kHsDksDlq ksDkko ksDllsDklUsDlnj lphuh lphuh phuh phuh gSlds gSgSgSAAgSAgSAml Aml Ük`Ük`Ük`tk a[Ük`a[a[Ük`a[kyk a[kyk kyk a[kyk kyk kyk esesesesa esa avus esvus a;vus a vus avus ddd d egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw kZ.fp= fp= kZfp= kZfp= fp= aftues gSftues a ftues a ftues aftues ftues a a aok'k ok'k a ok'k a ok'k aok'k ok'k fp= Ük`a[ikjEifjd kyk dk avkLoknu a kkfor rksizgSy[kuÅ phuh dyk ;x;s qDx;s rLVª izLVª nsphuh [phuh axAml sAml fpfM+ ad dk fMVs y...kZ.kZ.kZ^;q l dsesa vus fpfM+d;egRoiw ksa dh Hkkjrh; tk ldrk gS ftues a ok'k dk lqUnjdyk izdk Hdk kko nsnj [Ukkfor kkizizizizHHiztk ldrk ,d ^;q dk ftØ djs a izizizrks gYds ]tk Hkhus &ldrk Hkhus dk dk dk dk nj UHnj Unj njnj Hizkko Hkko Hkko kko HgSkko kko ns[[ns[ns[kk[kkkk[kkkktk tk kkisgStk tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSgSgSgSgSftues gSftues ftues ftues ftues ftues ok'k aok'k ok'k a ok'k a ok'k ok'k dk dk dk dk dk dk lqlqlqlqUlqUkUlq nj Unj Unj Unjnj izHHizHizkko Hkko Hkko kko Hkko kkonsgSnsnsns[A[ns[ns[kkgjs [ml kkkk[kkkktk kktk tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk AgSAgSA,d A,d ,d A,d ,d fp= fp= fp= fp= fp=^;q ^;q ^;q ^;q ^;q xkZxxy* y* xfp= y* xy* y* y*dk dk dk dk dk ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØ ftØdjs djs djs djs djs a a a rksarksrks a rksa rksrksgYds gYds gYds gYds gYds gYdsgjs gjs gjs gjs gjs ]gjs ]]]Hkhus ]Hkhus Hkhus ]Hkhus Hkhus Hkhus &&&&Hkhus Hkhus &Hkhus &Hkhus Hkhus Hkhus lslqlqlqlqUizlqUUlq Ansnsnsogha MAtkldrk +kldrk sa ldrk vkS jfp= if{k;ks a xesy* a a ayk, x;s LVª sDnj l phuh Ük`tkldrk a[ldrk kyk esgSgSgSa gSAvus d,dfp= egRoiw .x^;q gSdk a ftØ ftues a djs ok'k Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd ftØ djsa rks gYds izizHHizHizkko Hkko Hkko kko Hkko kko dh dh dh dh dh dh i`i`i`gSi`""i`"BHkw i`BHkw "BHkw "BHkw "BHkw BHkw fffeefefefeesaeesesok'k esa esa adq esdq a dqa dqadq NNdq NNdk NN ck¡ ck¡ ck¡ ck¡ ck¡ lck¡ lllkslUksa ksla nj ksadks dks ksa dks aksdks adks dks fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fd;k fd;k fd;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k gSgSgSgSgSftles gSftles ftles ftles ftles a a aiziza iza izooaizofp= izokgiw okgiw kgiw okgiw kgiw kgiw ...^;q kZ.kZ.kZkZ.rwrwkZrwxkZrwffrwfydk ydk rwfydk fydk fydk ydk ?lakkrks ?kkrks kkrks ?kkrks ?kkrks kkrks a a alslsa lsadjs lsalsjph lsjph jph jph jph xbZ xbZ xbZ xbZ xbZ xbZ ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ds a dsa dsadsds vfrfjDr vfrfjDr vfrfjDr vfrfjDr vfrfjDr ck¡ ck¡ ck¡ ck¡ lck¡ lllkslksa ksla ksadsds ksa dsaksdsadsds dPps dPps dPps dPps dPps dPps vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jjjjjj dk lqUgjs nj] izHkhus Hkko&Hkhus ns[kk iziztk ldrk ftues lq izfpf=r Hfpf=r kko nsfd;k [fd;k kkfd;k tkx;k ldrk gSftles A ,d y* dklalalala?la?ftØ a jph rks gYds gjs]a a ads Hkhus &vfrfjDr Hkhus ck¡ iDds iDds iDds iDds iDds gks gks gksgkslgks uua gks ulsuskss uas dk udk s dks dk s dk s dk dkvuq vuq vuq vuq vuq vuq eeeeku eku ku ekukufd;k kuHkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkhmuds muds muds muds muds jajagSjaxjaxxjaxksjaftles ksxa ksa xksa lsls ksa lsakslsa lslsyxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k tk tk tk tk tk tkldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk Adqdq A?dqkkrks dq NNdq NNNNck¡ ck¡ ck¡ lck¡ ll kslkss a ksla ksdk a esesksa esaksesa esa axbZ gjk esgjk a gjk a gjk a gjk gjk vkS vkS vkS vkS jjjjdq jHkh dqjdqdq N Ndq NNmuds NNihyk ihyk ihyk ihyk ihyk ihyk xcM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ hgh hds ghghghlko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh lko/kkuh ;ks;ksxksx;ksxNksxxksfd;k xfd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k x;k x;k x;k gSgSgSgSAAgSAgSAvkS AA j dqN ihy esa iDds dq ck¡ fpf=r a yxk;k izlokskgiw .dPps kZldrk rwldrk fydk a ck¡ lsck¡ ifRr;ks a dq ds vfrfjDr ck¡ lhhhhksgh a gh dPps vkSjlslslslslsgSlsizizizAiz;;iz;izdq iDds gks uljph vuq evkS kuvkS jajaxjajaxjaxksxjaaxjaxlscM+ yxk;k tk ldrk ck¡ lksx;k ax;k esx;k a gjk fd;k x;k gS ftles okgiw .kZ rwfefydk laN ?kkrks jph xbZ ifRr;ks amuds dsx;k vfrfjDr ck¡ a ds vkSgSgSgSjgSAAgSAlagSAdq izHkkoa izdh i`"BHkw iDds gksus dk vuqeku Hkh muds jaxksa ls yxk;k tk ldrk gSA dqN ck¡lksa esa gjk vkSj dqN ihyk jax cM+h gh lko/kkuh ls iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA lksa esa gjk vkSj dqN ihyk jax cM+h gh lko/kkuh ls iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ck¡lksa dh tM+ ds ikl ikS/kksa ds >qjeqV ds lkFk gh muds eueksgd iq"i fpf=r fd, x, gSaA bl fp= dk eq[; fo"k; M+M+ dsds ikl ikl ikS ikS//kkskksa a dsds >q>qjjeqeqVV dsds lkFk lkFk gh gh muds muds eueks eueksggdd iqiq""ii fpf=r fpf=r fd, fd, x, x, gSgSaAaA bl bl fp= fp= dk dk eqeq[[;; fo"k; fo"k; gagallksksa a dk dk tks tksMM+k+k gSgS tks tks mYykl mYykl mYykl mYykl esesa]a]esa]ja]eLrh eLrh eLrh eLrh a aesbBykrk&cy[kkrk a bBykrk&cy[kkrk a bBykrk&cy[kkrk abBykrk&cy[kkrk bBykrk&cy[kkrk vkleku vkleku esesa aesfopj.k a fopj.k a fopj.k afopj.k fopj.k dj dj dj dj dj jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk AAbl Abl bl bl bl tks tks tks tks tks MMMM+s dk M +s dh +s dh +s dh +sdh dh f"V f;"V "V f"Vuhps uhps uhps uhps uhpsgSgSgSgSgagStks tks tks tks i`i`FFi`Foh Foh oh Foh ohdsdsds lkS lkS lkS anananan;Ztks ;Zan;Z;Z;Zdk dk dk dk dkvkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokndjrk djrk djrk djrk djrkgqgqggv v g bl fp= dk eq[; fo"k;ck¡gagallksaksa dh dk dk tks tksMM+k+kdsgSgS ikl tks tks mYykl tM+ ikS /kksa ds eses>q eqa]eLrh V dseseseseslkFk gh muds eueksvkleku gvkleku dvkleku iq"i esesfpf=r fd, x, gSgSaAgSgSgSAAgSbl fp= eqn`n`n`[n`ffn`"V fo"k; ltks ksa i`i`dk tks Mdsds+klkS gSlkS y[kkrk vkleku fopj.k M+s gh dhmuds n`f"V eueks uhps gSgdtks ds lkSfd, an;Z dkx, gqv estksa bBykrk&cy[kkrk vkleku esa fopj.k djvkLokn bl tks Meqk+s dh f"V uhps tks tks i`FMoh+k gSdstkslkSan;Z dk vkLokn djrk gqvk ck¡lksa dh tM+ dsesa ikl ikSmYykl /kksdj a ds jgk >qesja]eqgSeLrh VA bl ds lkFk iqi`"iFohfpf=r gSjgk aA blgSAdjrk fp= dk [;n`fo"k; galgSksa dk cqjeqjgk "dh i i`fpf=r aAvU; bl fp= eqk[u* a dknkstkso`M{+kk gS,oatks >kfM+ ;a ds ksa ek/;e ds eqVa]esVeLrh cuk;s x;s gSu*aAesesgSeso`a a cgq ktksdh ifRr;k¡ o`>kfM+ {FkhA kksa ls dktks Hx;s dj jgh izyrk d kjdjrk ds ksa k mRiUu ;k ;kkk gSgSvkxs gS]]ck¡ ]tks tks tks dddjgk qeqeqetM+ kjkjkjgSdh dh fo'ks fo'ks "krk krk FkhA ,d ,d fp= ^mM+ ku* ku* cgq Unj o`fpf=r o`{{fo'ks {kkk,oa ,oa fo'ks ""krk ,d rrrlqlqglqlqd UdUnj >kfM+ >kfM+ ;;;dj ksksa vyx ksa a dsds >q>q>qbl jjjgSeqyrk eqeqAVVfp= Vbl cuk;s cuk;s cuk;s x;s aAn`aAaAa ffo"k; o`o`cgq o`{{{kkkuhps dh dh ifRr;k¡ lkekU; lkekU; o`kso`o`a {es{an{kkskksa ;Zkksa fofHkUu a a lslslsdkvyx vyx vyx yrk yrk dk dk dkQwizizizgqHyHHkko kko kko mRiUu mRiUu dj dj dj jgh jgh jgh gSgSgSAAA > Adhdsfp= a fp= iwfp= jlkFk k fd;k ]a {cgq qenj krkfd, ,d ^mM+ u*[gSgS;gSesmRiUu rdh lqgal UifRr;k¡ nj nksgSi`o`Atks {>kfM+ mYykl esjvU; es^mM+ a ^mM+ bBykrk&cy[kkrk vkleku es,oa a "fopj.k +seqkkko dh "V gSifRr;k¡ FlkekU; oh vkLokn v lckfM+ ;ksa dses>qa] jeLrh eqV cuk;s jgk iw>qAjjkbl gSmRiUu ]f"V tksmuds lqdj kjtksdh fo'ks ^mM+ kvu* a cgqeqvk;keks r[lq;Unj nks o`dks mYykl esa bBykrk&cy[kkrk dj/vyx dh n`gh uhps ana fofHkUu ;Z ,d dkfd, k esdk ck¡ifRr;k¡ lgSksa Adhfp= tM+ a ds kksjgk a dsesa gSyrk eqfd;k Vdktks dsizMHx;k lkFk eueks iq""i;krkkslkS fpf=r x,fp= gSdjrk aA Qwbl fo"k; ga{lk ks,oa a dk tksM+k gS tks nsksok'k [ kk o fpf=r fd;k gS ] ogha ia [ kq f M+ ; ks a dh dks e yrk o vfrdks e yrk dks Hkh cM+ h dq ' kyrk ls n'kkZ ; k gS A is M + dh Nks V h lh Mkyh ij uUgha lsvkxs ;qDrckfM+ kksa dks dsdks;lew g dks fpf=r fd;k x;k gS A dykdkj dh vfrlw { e n` f "V us tgk¡ iq " i o ifRr;ks a ds fofHkUu vk;keks a ,oa dks . kks a A a es a fofHkUu iz d kj ds Qw y ks a ls ;q D r Nks V & s Nks V s ikS / kks a ds lew g dks fpf=r fd;k x;k gS A dykdkj dh vfrlw { e n` f "V us tgk¡ iq " i o ifRr;ks fofHkUu a >kfM+ds;ek/;e ksikl a dsmYykl >qikSesj/eqa kksiwVa jdskcuk;s {kghdh kksesfpf=r a a lsfopj.k vyx yrk dk kko mRiUu gSAo`>kfM+ ksai`esFtks a oh fofHkUu Qwyksa a ds djrk ]o`tks lqmuds difRr;k¡ qekj eueks dhlkekU; fo'ks ,d vU; fp= ku*fp= esa Mcgq rdj nj nks {gagSkl,oa esfd;k a]>qeLrh bBykrk&cy[kkrk vkleku AHbl tks "Vfo"k; uhps tks gqvvk;keks k ck¡lksa dh tM+ jeqx;s Vx;k dsesgSa aAgSlkFk gd"krk iq"o`i{FkhA fd,dj x,jgk gS^mM+ aAgSizbl dk+s dh eqlq[n`U;fjgh ks;a dk Mds+k gSlkStksizan;ZdkjdkdsvkLokn fpfM+ eqe/>q gakkstgk¡ dks fugkj jgh gS fpf=r tksvk;keks xUrO; mM+ Hkj jgktksvk;keks gSMA+k bl fp=dkses.a kksa nsg[kk;dksksoa ds fpf=r fd;k gS]x;s ogha fNks M+vkxs ;Vfp= a Nks dh yrk dks Hkh 'iqdykdkj kyrk ls vius n'kkZ ;jgh k gSlqgSAx, is{>kfM+ Nks Vfp= htgk¡ lh"krk ij uUgha dsdkslew fpf=r fd;k x;k AgS;qdykdkj {a ej;gSdseqAn`fo"k; fvkleku "Vdsvfrdks iqa fopj.k "muds i,dVd ofd;k ifRr;ks a giwds fofHkUu a n`,oa dks kks+kjn`adh lsgSeLrh s&ksdh Vdsadks s ds ikSjgk kks[yrk dks x;k Afd;k dh vfrlw eM.qegSdh "V iqMkyh "eLrh iFkhA ifRr;ks ,oa >kfM+ >qjeqmYykl Vck¡ cuk;s aA;iaDdsko`[resbl {kqikl dh ifRr;k¡ lkekU; o`gus{lkFk a llsefpf=r vyx yrk dk izhd dj Aduhps ;vks ksa usesjfo'ks a viuh fofHkUu kjHkjh dsvU; Qwa ds ykgauksfp= a fofHkUu lksa lh dh ikS /cqjeqes>q gabBykrk&cy[kkrk l dks ,dVd fugkj tks xUrO; vks Hkjh A+kkstks bl esa dha ,oa lh ;fpf=r kfo'ks bl fp= fo"k; leqdk ,dVd vius xUrO; vksdjrk j dks viuh yrk odksvfrdks dks dq 'tM+ lsM+ikl MeqjV>qVj[eq>qV>qeqVja]ds Nks VesklkFk hlkFk lh Mkyh uUgha ns[kk oeyrk fpf=r fd;k ogha iads [ds kqdsikl ;n'kkZ a rikS yrk oeqesVdsVlkFk vfrdks egh yrk dks cM+ hd n'kkZ ;mRiUu kx, gSds AgSdh Nks Vdk hgadk lh ij vkxs gSds Akyrk fp= ek/;e a lkFk jlkFk x;k gSeueks ]a Hkh tks "fd, krk FkhA vU; fp= k[fo"k; esfo"k; cgq lq nj nks lsikl ;qdks DikSksikS Nks Nks ikS /VlkFk kksiwlkFk a ds ds lew ggh dks fpf=r fd;k gSfpf=r Afopj.k dykdkj {fp= efp= n`dk feqdk "V "gal ilgamM+ ogaa ksl fofHkUu .gqkksva keLr eLrh a fd;k esfpf=r a ls dj Abl bl tks "V uhps i`atks Ftks oh an,oa ;Ztks dkvk;keks vkLokn >kfM+ ds >q jtM+ eqfpfM+ Vds cuk;s x;s gS/kksikS kiseqj>q dh lkekU; o`muds {ij kkseueks yrk dk izfd, Hvius kko dj jgh gSjdk Aviuh >kfM+ esfu* fofHkUu kjatks ds agSgStks ck¡ ck¡ ck¡ck¡ lck¡ ck¡ lck¡ lHkh ck¡ kslck¡ al;ck¡ ksl ck¡ ksckfM+ x;s gSga;x;k aAvfrdks o`gSdykdkj dh o`dq a,d lsus,d vyx yrk dk iz[kq Hi`u* kko mRiUu jgh gSnks ksgS,oa eskkslagSvkS fofHkUu izbl kjvklikl ds Qwesdh ydh ksdh a i`i`i`i`i""i"B dks nsvkxs kkHkjh oHkjh gSgSdks ]gSAok'k ogha ia;fp= [ksek/;e kqds fek/;e M+ek/;e yrk ogax;k Hkh cM+ hkrk 'gSkrk ls n'kkZ ;fy, kfp= gScM+ Afp= isdh M[kq + u* dh Mkyh ij vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs ckfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ ;>kfM+ ;lk ksdk ;kka ;ksks;ds ksa;ksmtkyk ;ksds ;ksds a ;>qds aij ;ksds ksbl a>q a>qksajksds a>qds a>qds >qjds >qeqj>qeqjVfp= >qjeq>qfo"k; eqjV>qVjeq>qiw>qeqfy, eqVjjVjeqcuk;s jeqVcuk;s j,eqVfd;k VVcuk;s Vds cuk;s Vifjiz cuk;s V[cuk;s cuk;s x;s x;s x;s x;s gSla x;s gSaAx;s x;s gS;qdk x;s aAgSaA;gSvkleku o`gSaADaAgSo`uaAksgao`gSls {aAgSt gS{s kl aAgS{o`aA]o`ds aA{uks k[o`aA{kNks dh ko`{nj kdh o`dh kdh {k{dh ifRr;k¡ ks&kdh k;ifRr;k¡ kdh ifRr;k¡ dh dh ifRr;k¡ dh ifRr;k¡ ifRr;k¡ ifRr;k¡ ifRr;k¡ lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; o`fo`eo`o{ugha o`ggSo`{gSkks{jgh o`o`ukja {kkso`fd;k avfrdks {kksdks {o`vkS ls kkso`a{vkS kkso`a {o`kkslsdk o`afn[k ls {kksa x{kksgSls {a ls {kksjvyx a {jkksfpf=r ls a hkkslsvyx kksa ls vyx kksa tks a ls vyx vyx a lsvyx lsvyx ls vyx vyx vyx yrk yrk yrk yrk yrk yrk dk yrk yrk yrk dk yrk dk dk dk izdk dk iziks Hdk dk izgSdk HizcM+ kko dk HizgSdh Hizkko izkko Hizkko izohkko HizmRiUu Hkko Hvks HmRiUu kko HmRiUu kko mRiUu kko mRiUu kko mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu dj dj dj dj dj dj jgh dj jgh dj jgh dj jgh jgh jgh gSvxz jgh gSjgh gSjgh Ajgh gSjgh AgS;AHkjh gSjpus >kfM+ gSAHAgS{k>kfM+ gSkwAgSe>kfM+ AgSfgS>kfM+ gSAgSxr Als AmM+ An`>kfM+ ;es>kfM+ >kfM+ ;f{>kfM+ ;ksdke ;aaeka ks;esulaa ;a ks;kses+ a esksd a;usrdh ;ksesa Hkj ;fofHkUu ksesa ;jgk aes;qksyfofHkUu esfd;k ksua fofHkUu ksesa ksafofHkUu ksesafofHkUu esua esfofHkUu esls fofHkUu esa fofHkUu a gSa fofHkUu a fofHkUu a fofHkUu fofHkUu izd izbl d izMkyh izkjd iz{ifRr;ks d izkjizds kjv d izkkjd ds d kjds d kjdds kjQw kjdskjds ds Qw ds y Qw ds dsds Qw y Qwds Qw ksdykdkj yy aQw ksQw yksQw y a Qw ay ksQw ksfofHkUu ayksayksy ay ksa ya ksksa ksa ksa ksa a dhusvk;keks n` ' ;ks ] a iz Ñ fr] ckny] o` { kks a vkfn gh ugha cfYd i'kq & if{k;ks dk Hkh xgu v/;;u FkkA fp=ks a es a o` { k dk djs D Vj] mldk Vs D Lpj] viuh iw j h fl)gLrrk ls ] cM+ h ckjhfd;ks a ls dke fd;k gS A viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh iw iw iw iw j iw j iw j h j h j h h j fl)gLrrk h fl)gLrrk h fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk ls ls ls ls ls ] ] ls ] ] cM+ ] cM+ ] cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ h h h h ckjhfd;ks h ckjhfd;ks h ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks a a a ls a ls ls a ls a ls ls dke dke dke dke dke dke fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gS gS gS gS A gS A gS A A A A lh fpfM+ ; 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gaesaedk leesdykdkj dks ,dVd jgh gS'kyrk tks vius vks jNks eLrh Hkjh mM+ ku Hkj jgk ds a[nsdks y ugha fn[k gSjgk "iaij fpfM+ kkyrk dks jpus esvfrdks usdks ;ga;;galk; ;ll gal gagan`l ganwl ganwl ganw'l;fn nwjlj;ks jl nwjnwgks nwjgks nwgks ja]nwgks jnwjugks julqgks uizjgks us gks s sgks uÑ sgks udsuds susuqefr] ds suds sdkj.k dkj.k ds s dkj.k s dkj.k dsds dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k mues mues mues mues mues amues ansfMVs afo"k; ansH[fMVs aonskk[nskkfMVs a nsfMVs ugha y ugha ugha ugha ugha ugha ugha ugha fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk gSiw]gSjgk gSgS]j]ogha gSij gSi`hij gS]ij gSogha gS]"s{fpfM+ ij gSfo"k; iqij iqij ""iqiaiks "iqks[iks iks "ia[iqef;if{k;ks a["foiakquks akq"lq a[M+kqfbl iks akq;f[oM+;auUgha uUgha uUgha fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;yrk ;eqedks ;ke[yrk ;[keyrk kodks koyrk kdks kdks dks jpus jpus dks jpus jpus jpus jpus jpus jpus esvfrdks esvfrdks a [kq esaedykdkj ayrk dykdkj eseesjdykdkj aeyrk esyrk aey dykdkj esea vkdkj dykdkj aeyrk dykdkj ay aseyrk dykdkj usksHkh usrks usdks usdks uscM+ uscM+ usHkh usfugkj j[krs gqjgk ,fd;k dk U[fkskqoauUgha nj d umtkyk fd;k x;k gSatks vkS ;g jadks xdks aHkh dh rktxh o{'hkyrk dh eka d uVNks la ko gqij v kuUgha gSij AesuUgha us gSA bl fp= esa jamues xmues dk gSoij Aofpf=r fp= dk eqjgk []lh ;ogha jdk udh sefpfM+ ds fMVs ugha fn[k ij iqBHkw iks a ls oals uUgha dks jpus a Hlh dykdkj usuUgha dks dks dks dks nsdks nsmues dks [dks nsfMVs [dks kknsiz[fMVs nsa [nskkkksa kk[fMVs kkkko o[ansy o[fMVs kky [kkfMVs o[y fpf=r o[kkkkoy oy kkfpf=r kky fpf=r fpf=r oyofpf=r ofpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSfd;k fd;k gSdh gS]ifjiz ogha ]ij ]ogha ogha ]ogha ]ij ogha ]iq;ij ]iaogha ogha ogha iaiq;ogha [ogha [iakq"iqa iks M+kq[a"iqfiaiks M+foiaiks kq";[ukja fiaoiks [M+l M+kqdks ;uUgha M+foakq;ksfouUgha kqaksM+fdh ;kqxoM+fnw;a uUgha ksM+foa;dh ksM+uUgha als dh M+fp= ksha;uUgha ;ksdh a va ;dh ksnsuUgha a ;dh a;]lk ksdh dks ksgks a[dh ksfpfM+ a ksfpfM+ dks adh kscM+ dks afpfM+ dh adh dks eadh dks dks dks eyrk dks ehfpfM+ dks e;yrk dks exgu dks yrk edkj.k e;dks e;yrk yrk yrk o;yrk ov/;;u vfrdks okdks ofo"k; vfrdks odks vfrdks ojpus vfrdks omues vfrdks oovfrdks ovfrdks ovfrdks vfrdks vfrdks yrk yrk edykdkj eyrk edykdkj eyrk dks yrk yrk dks yrk dks yrk dks Hkh dks dks dks dks Hkh Hkh Hkh cM+ cM+ Hkh Hkh cM+ Hkh cM+ Hkh cM+ hcM+ cM+ hdq cM+ hbagScM+ hdq cM+ dq ha fh'dq hdq 'dq hkyrk 'hdqhdq 'hkyrk dq'dq kyrk dq 'kkyrk dq 'dq kyrk 'vkdkjks kyrk '"'kyrk 'kyrk ls kyrk kyrk kyrk ls"lsjgk lsdjs lsn'kkZ lsflsn'kkZ ls n'kkZ n'kkZ ls n'kkZ lsvkS ;n'kkZ n'kkZ ;n'kkZ ;n'kkZ kn'kkZ ;n'kkZ ;kjLi"Vrk@lw kgS;xUrO; ;k;gSkjmldk gSAvxz k;;kgS;AgSk;Ao`gSis;kfpfM+ gSAkAgSkiskAisM{gSkAHgSisAgSMisgSkMAgSiskw+ AisMfAMisA+dh Mis+ isdh M+is{Ddh M+kMesdh +vklikl Mdh Nks MLpj] +dh + Nks Nks +dh +dh dh VNks dh VNks hviuh VNks hqy lh Nks VNks hVNks hlh Vlslh huVhlh Vhlh VVlh hVMkyh hlh heslh hMkyh hlh Mkyh lh lh Mkyh Mkyh lh Mkyh Mkyh Mkyh Mkyh Mkyh Mkyh Mkyh ijij ij ij uUgha ij ij ij uUgha ij uUgha ij uUgha uUgha uUgha uUgha uUgha uUgha dds kjds cks ldks ds fpfM+ ;cuk, kskkfpf=r aogaugha vk/kkfjr vU; la ksdks rks eq;eyrk khcM+ i`dj en'kkZ eMA+ isMdh a+dh laNks rhVNks fcYdq :i eseqds gSl blls mudh dk;Z kyrk vkS jxUrO; {kerk gh esHkjh ds ifjos kfp= dk Hkh kudh i`"BHkwfe esa gjs jalh xlh dk izfpfM+ HhfpfM+ Akbl eqds l nw,dVd j,dVd s fugkj ds dkj.k fMVs y ugha fn[k jgk gSjvks ij iqviuh "eLrh iks a eLrh oeLrh uUgha fpfM+ jpus aAVj] 'kk[kkvks a vkSj gqifRr;ks alh dk iz;dk L;kkko Vk;;kbl ubl ,oa fodkl] >ks d ksdks ls,dVd gks okyh gypy] if{k;ks amtkyk dk [ks y Hka xek,¡ vkfn lqmM+ dxr eqa[eq[;[;fpf=r vks j,dVd dh "fugkj BHkw fmues egSjgh ukja xgSvius htks fy, tks y vkleku dks baHkjh fa mM+ jgk gSjgk {BHkw kfp= ds n`fl)gLrrk 'lq ;ks izfp= Ñ fr] ckny] o`cks {fo"k; kksfo"k; agavkS ugha cfYd i'kq &d a dh Hkh xgu fd;k FkkA au;Hkj {uHkj kHkj dk mldk Lpj] viuh iwfpfM+ jfpfM+ lsudsdk lsl dke fd;k gSfugkj Ai`fugkj lh lh lh fpfM+ lh fpfM+ lh lh lh fpfM+ lh fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;fpfM+ ;;Qq kky ;bl ;k;kbl bl ;;FkkFkZ ;kbl ka]fp= kkbl fp= bl fp= bl bl fp= bl fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= ds fp= fp= fp= ds dsdseq]dsds eqds eqcM+ [ds eqds [d [eq;ds [eqqeheq[;eq[fo"k; ;eq;gok eq;[ckjhfd;ks fo"k; [;fo"k; [;[fo"k; [;fo"k; ;;fo"k; fo"k; ;fo"k; ;fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; gafd;k galgavkfn l galgagaa gall gajdks galgadks l gadks ga;g l gadks ladks ldh dks lAgh dks dks dks dks ,dVd ,dVd dks ,dVd ,dVd ,dVd ,dVd fugkj fugkj fugkj fugkj fugkj fugkj fugkj fugkj jgh fugkj jgh jgh jgh jgh jgh jgh gSjgh gSjgh jgh gSjgh tks gSif{k;ks gSq'tks gStks gSa tks gStks gStks gStks gStks vius tks tks vius tks tks vius vius vius vius vius xUrO; vius vius xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; dh dh dh dh vks dh vks dh vks dh dh vks dh vks dh jugha vks vks jeqviuh vks j[kq vks jvks viuh viuh j]jviuh viuh jviuh jv/;;ukof/k jviuh jsfviuh viuh viuh eLrh eLrh eLrh eLrh eLrh eLrh Hkjh eLrh eLrh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh mM+ mM+ Hkjh mM+ mM+ ky[kuÅ mM+ uamM+ kkqemM+ uesmM+ ukmM+ kmM+ uHkj kmM+ ukjrks kdj kuHkj uo`kHkj kkuHkj kukusHkj ukcM+ jgk udks Hkj jgk Hkj Hkj jgk Hkj jgk Hkj gSjgk gSAjgk jgk gSjgk AgSdjs AvkS gSbl gSAAgSbl Abl gSAgSesbl AgSDjbl gSAgSbl A'i`bl fp= bl Ao`Adykdkj bl fp= bl bl fp= bl fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= esfp= fp= esa aesesvkS a esa vuq aesusesa esa esVsesaja a Da a evxz cuk, j[krs , lh ifjiz s{fpfM+ ;lh U;gSkbl nj va d fd;k gSds jadks xgks ks,dVd au,dVd dh rktxh ojgh vkdkjks a lk Li"Vrk@lw {mldh eka d ujvks laviuh HeLrh ko gqeLrh v kfp=ks gSHkjh AHkjh dykdkj usjgk ;fn lq kjx;k l ds fpfM+ ;,dVd ij vk/kkfjr vU; lavius ;vius ksdk tvius uks axUrO; dks nsdh []dh ksdh a v/;;u rks [vks ;jlsviuh fo"k; dk vkdkj kjgk gSjgk ij "bl ffp= eesesa esvklikl Hkwfe esa larqyu ls gy dj ns r s gS A a tk ldrk gSjvks tgk¡ bl v/;;u ija imtkyk jkmtkyk esmtkyk a viuh ^^xks egh rh unh ds rV ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*jgk *jgk esjgk a vkS ;k^^fidfud LikV** ij tkdj fu;fer :i lsjpus viuh h;fo"k; ls ] cM+ h ckjhfd;ks a ls dke fd;k gS A fcYdq fd;k gSl AlvkS blls mudh dk;Z d q ' kyrk vkS j {kerk ugha ] v/;;ukof/k es a y[kuÅ ds ifjos ' k dk Hkh vuq e ku viuh iw iw j j h h fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk ls ls ] ] cM+ cM+ h h ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks a a ls ls dke dke fd;k fd;k gS gS A A ja x dk iz H kko gS A fp= dk eq [ ; fo"k; ga l nw j gks u s ds dkj.k mues a fMVs y ugha fn[k jgk gS ij iq " iks a o uUgha fpfM+ ; k dks a dykdkjus us a ifRr;ks a dk iz L Qq V u ,oa fodkl] gok ds >ks d ks a ls gks u s okyh gypy] if{k;ks a dk [ks y ] mldh Hka f xek,¡ vkfn lq d q e kj eq;fn eqeq[eqeseq[[eq;eq[a eq[;lq ;[eqfpf=r eq[;yxk;k eq[fo"k; ;eqeq;[d fo"k; [;o`iwfo"k; 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; dklalq vkSj dk ;gvkdkj jaxksa dhrksrktxh Li"Vrk@lw lsulaHko gqvk usgSA esdykdkj cksl ds cuk, fpfM+;j[krs ksa ij vk/kkfjr ;ksUtnjuksva a dksduns[fd;k ksa rks eqx;k [; gSfo"k; cM+k gSoijvkdkjks i`"BHkwa fdh e vkS j vxzHkwfe{ekaesd a laurqy ls ls ls ls ls gy gy gy gy gy dj dj dj dj dj ns ns ns ns r r ns r r s s r gS s gS s gS gS s A a A a gS A a A a A a iz d ` f r vkS j mlds rRoks a dk xgu v/;;u djuk gks r k gS vkS j bl iz f Ø;k es a mRiUu gks jgh tfVyrkvks a dks fl)gLr xq : tu cM+ h gh vklkuh yxk;k tk a ldrk gSja;fn bl v/;;u ifp= jkdk eseqizdk efo"k; rh unh ^^bekeckM+ *fMVs ;k^^fidfud LikV** ij tkdj ls;dks viuh iw;;fo"k; jfo"k; hfo"k; ls ]sugks hadkj.k ckjhfd;ks afMVs dke gSfn[k Ajgk :i fd;k gSnwjnwlsuajgks mudh dk;Z d kyrk vkS jfn[k {kerk gh v/;;ukof/k esfpfM+ ds ifjos 'a dykdkj k a dk dk Hkh xja]jaxjaxjatgk¡ jaxdk xjajaxdk xdk jaxlq jadk jaa xdk jaj[krs xjadk xdk xd izxdk izdk izHdk dk Hizkko dk HizfcYdq izHkko Hgqizkko Hizkko izkko gSQq Hkko HHkko gSHkko gSAkko kko gSifjiz gSAy gSfp= Afp= gSAds gSfp= AgSfp= gS;FkkFkZ AgSfp= Aija fp= AA;'fp= fp= dk fp= fp= dk dk dk dk dk eq;dk [lq dk eqdk eq[dk eq;aeqU[^^xks eq[;ij ;[eqeseq[fr] ;eq[fo"k; ;eqeq;[a fo"k; [;gok fo"k; [;fpf=r [va [;fo"k; ;fo"k; ;d fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; gafl)gLrrk gagalfd;k gal gal ga>ks gall ganwlgads lganwo`l ganwjd gal ganwjl nwj{lnwl gks jrV nwljnwkksa gks jgks nwgks nwjAnwgks ula jvkfn usgks jij**] jgks ujds sublls gks uds gks us ds gks ds sksuds s ut dkj.k ds scM+ uudssdkj.k uds sdkj.k s ds sdkj.k ds sjdkj.k dsds dkj.k ds dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k mues mues mues mues mues mues amues amues mues fMVs arks fMVs a s*fMVs alsfMVs y a fMVs aq'eqesa fMVs y a fMVs y a fMVs fMVs y yugha y yugha ugha y ugha y ugha y&y ugha y ugha ugha fn[k ugha ugha ugha fn[k fn[k ugha fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k jgk fn[k fn[k jgk jgk jgk gSjgk jgk gS]jgk gSjgk jgk gSHkh jgk ij gSmldh gSij gSij gSLi"Vrk@lw ij gSij gSugha ij gSiqgSij gSij iqiqij "rks ij iqij iks "iqij "ij iq]iks iq"iks "iqaiks "HkacM+ iqiks "iqoiks a"iqaiqiks "iqoiks "oiks a "uUgha oiks a{iks uUgha oauUgha oa gSauUgha oauUgha oa ouUgha ofu;fer uUgha ouUgha uUgha uUgha fpfM+ uUgha uUgha uUgha fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;fpfM+ fpfM+ ;fpfM+ ;lq:i ka H;;ky[kuÅ k;dks ;ke;kdks dks k;;kdks jpus dks kkjkdks kjpus kdks jpus dks dks jpus dks jpus jpus jpus esjpus jpus esa esesdykdkj adykdkj aesHdykdkj esa dykdkj esa kwdykdkj aesfdykdkj esa o`esdykdkj a eesdykdkj esa dykdkj a a{dykdkj a dykdkj usVj]eku 'kk[kkvks vkSj ifRr;ks LHizkko VlAkko ugSAAgSfp= ,oa fodkl] ds ksx;k okyh if{k;ks a ugha dk [ks yjgk fa"oa"iks xek,¡ qe;kdks usjpus qeizdk kjHizkko fpfM+ ks[Ñ vk/kkfjr vU; uks dks [mues ksfMVs [afMVs ;y fo"k; dk koa iks ij i`fpfM+ "fpfM+ BHkw fd jdks vxz esdykdkj lausususrusususdjs qyusususuusususDusvuq n`As{fp= ;ks a]eqdk ckny] gh ugha cfYd i'kq if{k;ks a jgk dk xgu v/;;u fd;k FkkA fp=ks kdykdkj mldk VsDLpj] cuk, ,Hizcks dk nj ufo"k; gSs;gks vkS ;g jansgypy] xmues ksa mues a mues dh rktxh ofd;k vkdkjks a vkdkj dh eka d uvkfn lsfpfM+ la ko gq;kvkS v kjpus gSjpus Aesjpus ls gy dj ns r s gS A a ls ls ls gy gy gy dj dj dj ns ns ns r r r s s s gS gS gS A a A a A a iz d ` f r vkS j mlds rRoks a dk xgu v/;;u djuk gks r k gS vkS j bl iz f Ø;k es a mRiUu gks jgh tfVyrkvks dks fl)gLr xq : tu cM+ h gh vklkuh tk'kk[kkvks gSlscM+ bl v/;;u ija ifd;k jk;fd;k ejarhxugha rV ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*[*;esifjos ax;k fu;fer :ijLi"Vrk@lw ls Hkwflqedes{{qeeka viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh iwj[krs iwiwjÑ iwhjiwjiwhiwjcM+ hyxk;k fl)gLrrk jfr] iwjhiwhfl)gLrrk jiwfl)gLrrk jiwhgqiwhfl)gLrrk jiwhfl)gLrrk jjfl)gLrrk hjhfl)gLrrk hgShfl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk lsAo`";lsBHkw ls]{blls lsls]dk ls ls]ls]acM+ ls]lse];fn cM+ ls]cM+ ls ]]cM+ ]vkS hmudh ]cM+ hckjhfd;ks cM+ htgk¡ cM+ hckjhfd;ks cM+ ckjhfd;ks hlqhjckjhfd;ks hckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks hd ckjhfd;ks hvxz hckjhfd;ks hifRr;ks hckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks lsaeadfd;k lsals al lsa ls dke dke dke akyrk lsa dke ads lsdke alslaalsdke lsdke lsdke fd;k dke dke dke fd;k dke fd;k fd;k fd;k gSfd;k fd;k gSgSAaesgS,oa AgSAgSa jgSAAgS^^xks AgSAgS;g AgSvk/kkfjr gSj[krs Afodkl] Adk Agh Aviuh y ;FkkFkZ esviuh a viuh fd;k gSi`s{ldrk dk;Z q'dk vkS v/;;ukof/k ds dk Hkh eksAksa a ku jrktxh hdsfl)gLrrk lsnj fd;k cuk, ifjiz lq UcM+ nj va d vkS odkuksd vkdkjks Li"Vrk@lw dvkS ls laDLikV** ko gqcM+ k ]gStkdj Amldh rks eqfcYdq [; fo"k; dk vkdkj rks kh,jfl)gLrrk ij fcM+ esa lsa ls rdke qy ufd;k cuk, gqksgqa unh ,dh ifjiz ifjiz s{lav/;;u s{ds;; ksdk lqlqa ksdks Ufd;k va d us uckjhfd;ks fd;k x;k vkS jjvkdkj ;g ;gvuq jaa jaHVj] xgSxdk dh dh rktxh rktxh oLpj] oi`vkdkjks dh dh Li"Vrk@lw cuk, ,]iwxgu a]hcM+ izx;k Li'kq Qq VgSfd;k ufd;k gok >ks a Uesnj lsa ]y[kuÅ gks ua hrks okyh [ksvij y Hkafxek,¡ vkfn qeckjhfd;ks kjHukwa fcks fpfM+ ks{kerk ij vU; t nsvacM+ [a dh ksd eqfd;k fo"k; rks "vkdkjks BHkw eusa a vkS vxz a ekalakjdd rusuqyuulsls lalH n`:i 'viuh ;ks a]viuh izfpf=r ckny] kks]cM+ vkfn gh ugha cfYd &jfd;k if{k;ks aAgSj[krs Hkh FkkA fp=ks agypy] es;k^^fidfud aa ls{o`'gSeka {gSkdke kdk dkuif{k;ks djs mldk VsijDdykdkj ls gy dj ns r s gS A a lsrhugha dj ns;rvkdkjks sdk gSdsaA&lqif{k;ks izlq vkS jfcYdq mlds xgu djuk gks ra nsa dks kns[dks Ø;k eskyrk a vkdkj mRiUu gks jgh a "i`BHkw dks fl)gLr : hls lq d qelq kjkjqedd l ftl le; f'kYi y[kuÅ eseq[*eq[;;xgu fo|kFkhZ Fksdk ml le; dyk [jvxz ;jvkS lslqekwHfeseHkwfHefHkweseHkw{tu p ];fn tgk¡ bl ija i;fpfM+ jk;kscuk, e:i dsvU; 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rrV s aij**] sdjuk gSrV gSij**] aAij**] ]:i ogha muds nwcks l jstk xqrftl : yfyr eks gv/;;u uv/;;u izHkh d `Fks fjabl rrhuks vkS ja dks xgu v/;;u gks ru^^bekeckM+ faes;k^^fidfud mRiUu jgh tfVyrkvks dks aesaAkjes^^xks :tk vkS jAle; fe= dq kjiesfu:i.k] lsunh lh[kk vouhUnz kFk a fn[krk esesa'/kkjk,¡ Fks ]ALikV** muds jsfu;fer xqfu;fer : yfyr yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k tk tk tk tk tk tk ldrk tk ldrk tk ldrk tk ldrk tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSVy gSkkvks gS]ikfjokfjd gSblls ]gScks ]gStgk¡ gS]]gStgk¡ tgk¡ ]vkS gS]l gStgk¡ gStgk¡ ]gS}kjk ]tgk¡ ]tgk¡ ]j]tgk¡ bl tgk¡ tgk¡ bl tgk¡ tgk¡ bl bl bl bl v/;;u bl bl v/;;u bl v/;;u bl v/;;u bl v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u ija ija iija ija iija ijkija iija jkiija jkiija ija ijkx, ija esjkierRoks jkiesjkivkS esjkiad jki^^xks esgh ajkajkesjk^^xks esqeajkgS^^xks esjagYnkj ^^xks aes^^xks a esdk ^^xks esa e^^xks a amudk ^^xks ea ^^xks ae^^xks rh ^^xks e^^xks erh rh e;lselrh erh rh eksokrkoj.k erh exrh unh egh unh eds rh rh unh rh unh unh rh unh unh unh unh ds unh ds unh unh dsds ds rV ds ds rV ds ds rV ds rV rV ij**] rV rV ij**] rV ij**] ij**] ij**] ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ s*izUjj*srgSdyk s*ePrivate *bl s *s Hkhuk ess*q[*tks smudk ess*esa *skes*s ;k^^fidfud esa:i s*aess*izs*f'k";ks ;k^^fidfud esa ;k^^fidfud esdPps *ds a *;k^^fidfud esa Ø;k esiz;k^^fidfud a es;k^^fidfud esa ;k^^fidfud a Hifjos a ;k^^fidfud arhu ;k^^fidfud a ;k^^fidfud ;k^^fidfud ;k^^fidfud LikV** LikV** LikV** LikV** LikV** LikV** LikV** ij ij ij ij tkdj ij ij tkdj tkdj ij tkdj ij ij tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer :i :i :i :i :i ls:i ls:i ls :i :i lslslsls ls,ds lslslslsxqls:Mekstu l`Fksftr djuk] y;kRed jsldrk [cfYd a ]gStgk¡ vkn'kZ lkS Uq'mlds n;Z dk ,d /kw^^bekeckM+ l^^bekeckM+ jiu vkS kko iSga ,d k LikV** vkfn vius cYdq ytks;FkkFkZ a yxk;k fpf=r gSaAldrk kyrk {kerk ugha ]xza rV esle; y[kuÅ kndk vuq efM+ ku Collection usmudh mu ad mrus euks ls lh[kk vkS jij**] thou i;Z fuokZ fd;kA lqLikV** d qeij kjtkdj ok'k dh ckjhfd;k¡ &likV jaxksa esa lqesyxk;k d qeyxk;k kjyxk;k lxqfd;k dyk ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ esdsdsrV fo|kFkhZ Fksij**] ml dh eqHkh [LikV** ;LikV** :i lsij iznwtkdj pl yu esi)fr a Fkha:i vkS j:i }}{j.knk yayaij nnuurFkk x, x, FksvkS FksvkS ]j]jkjk ogk¡ js'kka¼fnYyh½] js'M;k kka'ks d d ukjkj[kjkjds ds iziz//ya fal) dykdkj dykdkj izizizQs kQs kds s-ls s-djus lj lj fofy;e fofy;e jksu½ jkslFnqFnqnqksds kscalcalcmdhy Vkbu Vkbu ls lsM;k izizin`ffgkml] 'k{k.k 'k{k.k ds ds vkS vkS vkS jv/;;u jogk¡ lq jv/;;u lqizlqv/;;u lqv/;;u /v/;;u lq /Hv/;;u /v/;;u kka/kkakko kkaf/v/;;u kkav/;;u '[ns'[kqtks kq'kqrkkakqeq'ks kqs'ks 'ks ['ks [gkml] [ukkd` [djuk kjds pkS pkS pkS pkS pkS /ufkjh /gks kjh kjh /kl) kjh kjh ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks y y y y dkrk½ y dkrk½ dkrk½ dkrk½ dkrk½ ds ds ds ds lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} /khjs U nz d` " .k ns o oekZ ¼'kka f r fuds r pj.k mdhy ¼fnYyh½] /khjs U nz d` " .k ns o oekZ ¼'kka f r fuds r u½ dh Qs y ks f 'ki nq c ^ba n u* dks fpf=r {j.knk pj.k dh dh dh Qs y y y ks ks f ks f 'ki f 'ki 'ki ij ij ij rFkk rFkk rFkk kjk kjk kjk ^ba ^ba ^ba f f M;k f M;k gkml] gkml] ya ya ya n n n u* u* u* dks dks dks fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r djus djus djus {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk pj.k pj.k pj.k mdhy mdhy mdhy dkxq:ty] Vy vkSizlqizjizdizd rS`fizdd y ja x ks a es a cuk, x, gS A a mudk [ f r;ks es a Hkh Li"V :i fn[krk gS A yfyr eks g u loZ z F ke jkW ; y ,ds M eh ls gy dj gS A a ls u tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ f'k{kd Hkh Fks ] dk H kko lq d q e kj cks mu xz k E; ' ;ks es a fn[krk gS tks dPps edkuks a vkS j >ks i fM+ ; iz d iz iz r ` f d iz ` f d iz r d iz ` r f iz ` f d iz r ` vkS f d r d ` f r d ` f vkS d r vkS ` r f ` f vkS ` r f vkS j ` r f vkS ` r f vkS r j r vkS j mlds vkS j vkS j vkS mlds j vkS mlds vkS j mlds j mlds j mlds j mlds j mlds j j mlds mlds mlds mlds rRoks mlds rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks a rRoks rRoks dk a rRoks a rRoks rRoks dk a dk a dk a dk a dk a xgu dk a dk a xgu a dk xgu a dk a dk xgu dk xgu dk xgu xgu xgu xgu xgu xgu xgu v/;;u xgu v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk gks djuk gks gks r gks gks gks r r k gks r k r gks gS gks r gks k r gks k gS r gks gS k r k gS r vkS k gS r r gS k r vkS gS k vkS k gS k vkS k gS vkS j gS vkS gS gS vkS j gS vkS j bl vkS j vkS j vkS bl j vkS bl vkS j bl j bl j bl j bl j iz bl j j bl iz bl iz f bl bl iz Ø;k bl f iz f iz Ø;k iz Ø;k f f Ø;k f Ø;k iz f iz Ø;k f iz Ø;k iz Ø;k f iz f Ø;k f Ø;k f es Ø;k f Ø;k es Ø;k es a es mRiUu es a a es mRiUu es a mRiUu es a mRiUu a es mRiUu es a es mRiUu a es mRiUu es a mRiUu a a mRiUu a mRiUu a mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu gks gks gks gks gks jgh gks gks jgh gks jgh gks jgh gks jgh gks gks jgh gks jgh jgh tfVyrkvks jgh tfVyrkvks jgh tfVyrkvks jgh jgh tfVyrkvks jgh tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks a dks a a dks a dks a dks a dks a dks a fl)gLr dks a dks a fl)gLr a dks fl)gLr a dks a dks fl)gLr dks fl)gLr dks fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr xq xq xq : xq : xq : xq tu xq : : xq tu : xq tu : xq : xq tu xq tu : xq tu : tu : : tu cM+ : tu tu cM+ tu cM+ tu tu cM+ cM+ cM+ h cM+ cM+ h cM+ h gh cM+ cM+ h cM+ h gh cM+ gh h h gh h gh gh vklkuh h h gh h gh vklkuh h vklkuh h gh gh vklkuh gh vklkuh gh vklkuh gh vklkuh vklkuh vklkuh vklkuh vklkuh vklkuh vklkuh vkSjisLikfjokfjd fe= vflr dq e kj gYnkj ls lh[kk vouhUnz kFk ds iz e q [ k f'k";ks a ,d Fks ] ogha muds nw l js xq : cfYd yfyr eks g u ckslrhuks ftl ,oa;ksf'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ a fo|kFkhZ rhui)fr /kkjk,¡ eq[/kwckjhfd;k¡ ;l:i yu jaesxizaksa Fkha vk;ke ftr djuk] y;kRed js[kkvks a }kjk vkn'kZ lkSUFksn;Z dkle; fu:i.k] esa ,d jiulsvkS jpHkhuk Heskko cksl qeuskjmu a dksle; mrus dyk ghl`euks x ls lh[kk vkSj thou i;Z Ur esmudk fuokZ g ml fd;kA lqddyk qekj okrkoj.k usdhok'k dh &izlikV a vkSiSjnk djukksa vkfn vius } ya n u x, Fks ] ogk¡ js [ kka d u ds iz f l) dykdkj iz k s lj fofy;e jks F ks l a Vkbu ls iz f 'k{k.k ds vkS j lq / kka ' kq 'ks [ kj pkS / kjh ¼dks y dkrk½ ds lkFk} ya n u x, Fks ] ogk¡ js [ kka d u ds iz f l) dykdkj iz k s lj fofy;e jks F ks l a Vkbu ls iz f'k{k.k /khjs /khjs UUnzjnzHkh d`d` nsdh nsksooa olsesizoekZ oekZ ¼'kka rjgSkjfuds fuds fuds rru½ u½ u½ {j.knk {j.knk pj.k pj.k mdhy {j.knk pj.k ¼fnYyh½] /khjs d` "".k".k ffrfqreij vkS jjxzmudk lqklqfeqlqE; //[/kkakkakkakkd` 'n`'ns'kqkq'rfuokZ kqgkml] 'ks 'ks kja /khjs pkS pkS pkS kjh kjhLi"V ¼dks y dkrk½ dkrk½ dsds ds lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} dhlsuQsy ijegkfo|ky; rFkk cusgy kjk ^ba fdj yavkS dks djus {j.knk pj.k mdhy ¼fnYyh½] d`u¼dks .k nsqeyyodPps oekZ ¼'kka f{j.knk ra gSle; u½ Qs y ks¼'kka f¼'kka 'ki rFkk nqdsi;Z cfu:i.k] M;k ya nU//nz/kjh u* djus pj.k dk issaAgSxqgSaAgSaALaAy;kRed jafpf=r a oekZ izlskjk HvkS kko f'ks r;ks esfn[krk a Hkh :i lsuseq[jfn[krk gogha loZ izFke ,ds Mdsehizpyfyr ls lsls lsls gy gy gy lsnqgy lsgy lsls lsmdhy gy lsmdhy gy dj gy dj gy dj gy gy dj dj dj nsdj dj nsdj rnsrhuks dj nsrdj nsrM;k s ¼fnYyh½] nsty] rns¼fnYyh½] gSsdjuk] rnss rgSnssrgSaAnssrnsgSsnsaAgSrnssaArgSsrdks gSaArsaAgSrgkml] s aAsgSaAsgSds aAaAVy tksksf'ki dyk y[kuÅ f'k{kd Hcuk, kko lqx, d cks l mu ;ks gSdks tks edkuks vkS jyfyr >ksrdyk inckjhfd;k¡ fM+ ;mdhy ksa urhu gy dj stks gS[[a [aAeskjgkjvouhUnz cks llsls mu mrus gh ;.k]cks ksxnsdk lh[kk vkS thou UvkS rj^ba fd;kA lq"¼dks kjdkrk½ ok'k dh &/kkjk,¡ likV es:i a cfYd : vkS jnlqUnzu* ikfjokfjd fe= vflr dq emudk kjr,oa gYnkj ls lh[kk kFk ds izvkS f'k";ks a Afuds eskko a ,d Fkseks ]dh muds nwleqjkWjajs[x;xq;ksya : uj deuks ftl le; dyk f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ esd a fpf=r fo|kFkhZ FkskHkhuk mli)fr ls yu esa eks FkhagvkS vk;ke l`gy fdj tr jsrSqe[ykjFkskkvks al}kjk vkn'kZ lkS¼Ýs UaAn;Z dk okrkoj.k es a ,d /kw l jiu iz H iS k djuk vkfn vius L dks ½ dk fof/kor iz f 'k{k.k fy;k vkS j Hkkjr ds jk"Vª i fr Hkou ¼fnYyh½ es a vus d fHkfÙkfp=ks a dh jpuk dhA lkFk gh ¶yks j l a s ] jks e vkS j ;w j ks i ds vU; uxjks a ds Ýs L dks dh rduhd dk Hkh iz f 'k{k.k fy;k Fkk ftldk iz H kko y[kuÅ okil vkus ds mijkUr vkSdk j lq¼fnYyh½] / kka ' kq 'ks [ kj pkS / kjh ¼dks y dkrk½ ds lkFk} ya n u x, Fks ] ogk¡ js [ kka d u ds iz f l) dykdkj iz k s lj fofy;e jks F ks l a Vkbu ls iz f 'k{k.k ds /khjs U nz d` " .k ns o oekZ ¼'kka f r fuds r u½ vkS j lq / kka ' kq 'ks [ kj pkS / kjh ¼dks y dkrk½ ds lkFk} ¼fnYyh½] /khjs U nz d` " .k ns o oekZ ¼'kka f r fuds r u½ {j.knk pj.k mdhy ¼fnYyh½] nz;:i d` oekZ Qs ksftl fle; 'ki ij rFkk nqjs,oa kjk ^ba fegkfo|ky;] M;k gkml] nn;Z u* djus mdhy 1 i2fM+jax5;ksksa a esa Qs y ksFksdk ij rFkk nqdyk cUdyk kjk ^ba fdh M;k gkml] n;eqeqxq;[:i u* dks fpf=r ty] isLVy lq vkS jlqqed rSlq xcks escks a djuk] cuk, x, gSdyk aAdyk mudk izf'kYi HgYnkj kko eqegkfo|ky;] [dks kkd` fr;kslkSy[kuÅ a yay[kuÅ esy[kuÅ a y[kuÅ Hkh Li"V lsfo|kFkhZ fn[krk gSml Ale; yfyr eks gdh loZ i/kkjk,¡ zFj/kkjk,¡ ke jkWeqeq[l[eq;;eq[ya ,ds l`kjqeikfjokfjd y;kRed [,oa kkvks af'kYi }kjk vkn'kZ Uy[kuÅ dk eslq adyk ,d /kwdyk l jiu vkS Hkhuk iSls vius lsle; ule; tks egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds f'k{kd Hkh Fksfo|kFkhZ ]izFksokrkoj.k izFksml HFksthou kko d qedyk kjrdyk cks lurhu ds mu xz/kkjk,¡ '[H;:i ;ks acfYd fn[krk tks dPps a vkS&jlikV >ks cks l us,oa mu rhuks a egkfo|ky;] mrus gh euks ;dks ksesxesesfu:i.k] i;Z mudk fuokZ g/kkjk,¡ fd;kA lq d qe:i kjls usizp xqvk;ke :dlqlqd jd fe= vflr dq,oa ec,oa kj,oa ls lh[kk tks vouhUnz kFk ds eFksfvkS q[Fksml kml a pj.k esle; a dyk ,d Fks ]rhu ogha muds gvkS uvkS lqlq lqd lqvkS dlq qed qed kjlqd lq qelq qekjy d kjqed qekjd qecks kjd cks qekjcks qejakjqefcks qel kjdh kjtr cks kjlkjcks lkjkscks la cks l ftl cks l cks l ftl cks ftl lftl l ftl llftl ly ftl lftl ftl ftl le; ftl ftl le; le; le; le; le; le; le; dyk le; le; dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk ,oa dyk dyk dyk ,oa ,oa ,oa f'kYi f'kYi ,oa f'kYi ,oa f'kYi ,oa f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ a fpf=r esfo|kFkhZ esa uls aesfo|kFkhZ esdh afo|kFkhZ esa:i fo|kFkhZ aesfo|kFkhZ esa fo|kFkhZ esa lh[kk esfo|kFkhZ esafo|kFkhZ a afo|kFkhZ afo|kFkhZ afo|kFkhZ Fks'ki Fks ml Fksml Fksj{j.knk FksFksml Fksf'k";ks ml ml le; ml le; ml le; ml le; ml le; le; le; le; le; le; le; dyk dyk dyk dyk dh dyk dyk dh dh dh dh dh dh dh rhu dh rhu dh rhu dh rhu rhu rhu /kkjk,¡ rhu rhu /kkjk,¡ rhu /kkjk,¡ rhu rhu /kkjk,¡ /kkjk,¡ /kkjk,¡ /kkjk,¡ /kkjk,¡ eq/kkjk,¡ eqknweq[E; eq/khjs [;js;[eqy eq[n`iz;eq[:i [;[U: :i [;kko :i ;;:i ;:i ls:i :i ls:i lsesM:i ls iz"lsa eh izn.k izls p izlsp izklsp lsizls yu lsp iznsdjuk yu pyu izyfyr p izyu p izoyu izok'k p izyu pyu pyu pespyu yu esyu esgSdjus ayu yu esFkha esa vkfn aesFkha esi)fr aFkha esa eks Fkha aesFkha esa ¼'kka Fkha esavkS esFkha esaFkha a {j.knk vkS aFkha aFkha vkS aFkha Fkha jFkha vkS vkS jfvkS jrdh vkS jvkS jvkS jvkS vkS jjfuds jedkuks jjckjhfd;k¡ jpj.k j ru½mdhy ¼Ýs ¼Ýs ¼Ýs ¼Ýs ¼Ýs L L L dks L dks L dks dks dks ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ dk dk dk dk dk fof/kor fof/kor fof/kor fof/kor fof/kor iz iz iz iz f f iz 'k{k.k f 'k{k.k f 'k{k.k 'k{k.k f 'k{k.k fy;k fy;k fy;k fy;k fy;k vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS j j j j Hkkjr j Hkkjr Hkkjr Hkkjr Hkkjr ds ds ds ds ds jk"Vª jk"Vª jk"Vª jk"Vª jk"Vª i i i i fr fr i fr fr fr Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou Hkou ¼fnYyh½ ¼fnYyh½ ¼fnYyh½ ¼fnYyh½ ¼fnYyh½ es es es es a a es vus a vus a vus vus a vus d d d d d fHkfÙkfp=ks fHkfÙkfp=ks fHkfÙkfp=ks fHkfÙkfp=ks fHkfÙkfp=ks a a dh a dh a dh dh a dh jpuk jpuk jpuk jpuk jpuk dhA dhA dhA dhA dhA muds fo|kfFkZ ; ks a ij iM+ k A lq d q e kj cks l mues a ls iz e q [ k fo|kFkhZ Fks ftUgks u a s yfyr eks g u ls u ls ba X yS M a dh vdknfed 'kS y h vkS j E;w j y lkFk gh ¶yks j l a s ] jks e vkS j ;w j ks i ds vU; uxjks a ds Ýs L dks dh rduhd dk Hkh iz f 'k{k.k fy;k Fkk ftldk iz H kko y[kuÅ okil vkus ds mijkUr }cks x, Fksfrhuks ]rhuks jsmrus [mrus kkavflr d ugh ds iz;euks iz]ksy s-lkFk} fofy;e jkscUmudk Frkjk kskjk almudk Vkbu 'k{k.k ds jmu lqrhuks /rhuks [mrus kjmrus pkS /u* kjh dkrk½ ds ya nkkvks x, ]^ba ogk¡ jslsgfuokZ d ufd;kA flq l) izi)fr ki)fr s-i)fr lj fofy;e jks&mdhy FvkS ks&likV allikV vkS jrFks lq /fuokZ 'ks pkS /fUlq kjh ¼dks ds lkFk} /khjs ULgh nzeuks d` nsy oekZ fuds rrFkk u½ ¼fnYyh½] /khjs nzlq d` nsfpf=r ouskjfpf=r oekZ ¼'kka f{j.knk ra{j.knk fuds rpj.k u½ dh Qsyksf'ki{j.knk ijcks rFkk nqluslnusdyk kjk ^ba M;k gkml] yagh ngh pj.k dh dh dh dh dh Qs Qs Qs QsQs y yy;kRed y y ksvkS ksak'ki fthou fvkS kscuk, fvkS 'ki fthou 'ki 'ki ij ij ij ij ij rFkk rFkk rFkk rFkk nqUi;Z nqmudk cnqmudk cUrkjk kjk ^ba ^ba ^ba ^ba f^ba fizM;k fkkafuokZ M;k ffuokZ M;k fM;k f'M;k gkml] gkml] ya yayalq ya nr;ks ya na lqnd nlq u* u* n;ks u* u* u* djus djus djus djus djus djus {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk pj.k pj.k pj.k pj.k pj.k mdhy mdhy mdhy mdhy jmu ikfjokfjd fe= e;l` lslh[kk tks vouhUnz uUrkjk kFk ds izM;k egfuokZ f'k";ks esu* ]usfpf=r ogha muds nwdh l jsdh : yfyr gksesakko dk ty] isgh Vy vkS rSxlh[kk y jadjus xlh[kk ksQs alh[kk aAnqrUmdhy HfuokZ kko eskjqdks a kjqedks Li"V :i ls fn[krk gScfYd yfyr jkW;yvkfn ,dsMvius eh vk;ke djuk] jsx, [rFkk vkn'kZ lkS dk fu:i.k] okrkoj.k esdPps ,d /kwxqckjhfd;k¡ l jiu Hkhuk lsxqcks u:cks tks egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds Hkh Fks¼'kka dk Hthou kko lqi;Z cks l ds mu xz[kjfgfd;kA kkkd` E; n`ya 'nlqizd esdks aqekjusHkh fn[krk gSi)fr tks edkuks a A&vkS ilikV cks lcks lpj.k cks lcks lvkS cks lcks usya lcks cks luscks l uscll usul mu usmu usmdhy mu usmu usvkS usmu usmu usrhuks mu mu rhuks mu rhuks mu rhuks mu rhuks rhuks a ¼fnYyh½] rhuks adks a rhuks dks rhuks a kkaogk¡ dks a adks dks a'adks dks mrus a kqdks a a mrus dks a mrus dks a 'ks dks mrus dks dks mrus mrus mrus gh mrus mrus gh gh gh euks euks euks gh euks gh gh gh euks euks ;dq euks ;euks ksdks euks euks x;euks ksf¼dks ks;"xl) ;xkskjf;.k ksxf'k{kd ksls xtr ;;ksfpf=r x;ksls x;lsx;gYnkj ksjksls xkslsxkslh[kk xlsksdykdkj xols lslh[kk lslh[kk lslh[kk lsdh ls lh[kk lslh[kk lh[kk lh[kk lh[kk lh[kk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jesy vkS jfksvkS jf{j.knk vkS jks'ki j'ki thou jvkS vkS jrlj jthou thou jthou jizjthou jthou jij thou thou thou thou i;Z i;Z i;Z i;Z i;Z Ui;Z rui;Z UgSUi;Z rd i;Z Uri;Z i;Z rUnqa crqeUnqcmudk r}kjk Urmudk Uckjrkjk mudk mudk mudk mudk mudk mudk mudk mudk fuokZ fuokZ fuokZ fuokZ gkqfuokZ fuokZ fuokZ g[gkml] fd;kA gq[gkml] ggkml] fd;kA geq[kkafd;kA gizkUgkml] fd;kA gfd;kA gn;Z gfd;kA gfd;kA fd;kA fd;kA fd;kA fd;kA lqds d qed lq d qead lq qed kjlqa,d d lq qelq qeakj"dks d ed d q.k ekjdks d qekjd usdks qekjusy qeqfpf=r edykdkj kjusFks ok'k kjusfpf=r kjusfpf=r kjdkrk½ ok'k ok'k ok'k usok'k ususok'k usok'k usok'k ok'k ok'k i)fr ok'k ok'k i)fr ok'k i)fr i)fr i)fr i)fr i)fr i)fr i)fr dh dh dh dh dh dh ckjhfd;k¡ dh dh ckjhfd;k¡ dh ckjhfd;k¡ dh ckjhfd;k¡ dh ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ &likV &&mdhy likV likV &j&likV &>ks likV &j&likV &Vkbu &likV likV likV jalikV xeks jafM+ jaxjaxksjaajaxgksx;jaksls jaxaesaxksjauksxeks esjaaizesjaksa xjaksxaesjaksxesaHizxaesksxloZ ksesafksa ksesua'k{k.k esa esa esesa ia a a iSa zFnkek dsdjuk ¼Ýs L dks ½ dk fof/kor iz f 'k{k.k fy;k vkS j Hkkjr ds jk"Vª i fr Hkou ¼fnYyh½ es a vus d fHkfÙkfp=ks a dh jpuk dhA muds fo|kfFkZ ; ks a ij iM+ k A lq d q e kj cks l mues a ls iz e q [ k fo|kFkhZ Fks ftUgks u a s yfyr eks g u ls u ls ba X yS M a dh vdknfed 'kS y h vkS j E;w j y lkFk gh ¶yks j l a s ] jks e vkS j ;w j ks i ds vU; uxjks a ds Ýs L dks dh rduhd dk Hkh iz f 'k{k.k fy;k Fkk ftldk iz H kko y[kuÅ okil vkus ds mijkUr vkS j lq¼fnYyh½] /¼fnYyh½] kka¼fnYyh½] 'kq 'ks[vk;ke kjlsvk;ke pkS kjh y dkrk½ ds lkFk} ujsu½ x, ]vkn'kZ d izpkS l) dykdkj izmu s-ds fofy;e Fa vkS ksjvkS alvkS lsHkhuk 'k{k.k vkS vkS vkS jvkn'kZ jkjk jjogk¡ jvkn'kZ lqvkn'kZ jlqlqvkn'kZ lqvkn'kZ lq /^ba lq /vkn'kZ /kka/FkslkS kka¼fnYyh½] /kkaiz/jskkaf'lkS 'kkalkS 'M;k kqUlkS 'kqkq'lkS kqkkaUlkS 'ks 'ks kq'ks 'ks 'ks [n;Z 'ks [eqizUdk kj[Ukj[Un;Z kjdk kjds kjkko pkS pkS pkS pkS /dk /fu:i.k] /fu:i.k] kjh /fkjh /r;ks kjh /kjh kjh ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks y y yy ydkrk½ y dkrk½ dkrk½ dkrk½ dkrk½ ds ds lkFk} u/khjs tks egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ f'k{kd Hkh ][kkaH'lkS dk Hkj[dq d qeu* kjokrkoj.k cks ldkrk½ dsoekZ xzavouhUnz ;ks fn[krk gSf'k";ks a Uvkfn vkS jvkfn >ks ivius ksxqa : cfYd mdhy /khjs U/vk;ke nzUvk;ke "fLl`f"d` oekZ ¼'kka ¼'kka fksy;kRed rafksrfresf: r'ki fuds fuds ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] /khjs /khjs /khjs /khjs Uvk;ke nzUnzUl` nzUdyk nzd` nzl`d` d` ".ktr .kf".ktr "l`ftr .k "fl` .k .k nsfnstr onstr otr nsodjuk] odjuk] ooekZ oekZ oekZ ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka fr{j.knk ra fuds fuds rkkvks rikfjokfjd u½ mdhy mdhy mdhy mdhy mdhy /khjs Ufu:i.k] nzkjh d`¼dks "a dks .k nslh[kk ookrkoj.k ra /kw fuds u½ pj.k /khjs nzvkfn d` .kvius nsfM+ ovius ¼'kkafryfyr fudsreks u½gu dh Qs ij rFkk c ya nfu:i.k] fpf=r {j.knk pj.k xqfy;kRed vkS fe= vflr epkS kjfu:i.k] gYnkj ls tks kFk dsvkS q[Hkhuk ,d ]kkdjuk ogha muds nwvius lvius js;oekZ dk ty] isd` Vy joekZ rSoekZ yy;kRed ja¼'kka xy gSa a}kjk AvkS mudk kko kkd` flq a¼dks es¼dks Hkh Li"V :i fn[krk gSlljksesjiu AvkS yfyr uHiziz¼fnYyh½] ikko ;djuk yvkfn ,ds M"vius eh vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke l` f¼dks l`d` l` tr l` tr fl` l` tr fl` tr l`nstr fdjuk] ftr fnsodjuk] tr fvkS djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed jscuk, [jsfuds jsfuds [ya js[jskkvks js[rj[jskkvks jsn[r[ru½ kkvks js[ds kkvks jsu½ kkvks [rjsu½ [kkvks jsx, [akkvks [u½ [kkvks }kjk a kkvks a kkvks kkvks }kjk a kkvks }kjk a a}kjk }kjk }kjk anq}kjk aFksvkS amdhy vkn'kZ }kjk a }kjk a vkS }kjk vkn'kZ }kjk }kjk vkn'kZ vkn'kZ vkn'kZ vkn'kZ n;Z UkqlkS n;Z Un;Z lkS UlkS n;Z UlkS lkS U[lkS n;Z U[ugkml] n;Z n;Z Un;Z dk Un;Z n;Z dk n;Z dk dk dk fu:i.k] dk fu:i.k] dk dk dk dk fu:i.k] fu:i.k] fu:i.k] fu:i.k] fu:i.k] fu:i.k] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k eskds esds esa ds eslj esdjus ,d a ¼'kka aeslkFk} eslkFk} ,d ,d esa lkFk} als ,d eslkFk} ,d esaklkFk} esa,d esE; ,d esa ,d a /kwfa ,d a ,d ,d /kw ,d l ,d /kwn`/kwl/kwl jiu /kw'l/kwljiu /kwuljiu /kw l/kwjiu l/kwjiu /kwljiu ljiu larjiu vkS jiu jiu jiu jiu vkS jizvkS jHkhuk vkS jVkbu vkS jevkS Hkhuk jvkS Hkhuk vkS jmdhy jHkhuk jHkhuk jjHkhuk jkHkhuk jeks Hkhuk Hkhuk Hkhuk izHkhuk izgizHtks izHizkko izHkko Hizkko Hfizkko HloZ izkko HdPps iza kko izkko HizesiSHkko HHkko iSHkko iSnakko iSkko niSkniSzFiSnkniSkdjuk nke iSknedkuks iSkdjuk niSds djuk iSkniSkdjuk nFkskdjuk nndjuk kjkWnkdjuk kdjuk djuk djuk vkfn djuk vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vius vkfn vkfn vius vius vius vius vius vius O;ogkj esa oftZr fd;kcksx;kA ykbV;ksvkS ys izÜk`Hkko fy,vkLoknu dkxt dhdjslQs h dk bLrsevkSkyj phuh fd;k dyk x;kA ;g krk,¡nslq[d qekj axckssA ltgk¡ fpfM+;ksa dk fMVsy l dsgkbZfpfM+ a dhj [kq fp= a[kykds dk a rksny[kuÅ dk lkjh la;qDrfo'ks izH"kko k lds ds fp=ksa esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA ikjEifjd gkyk¡fd ;nk&dnk xksa dk dqekja esusa yk, fd;kx;sgS LVª ijksDog bruh gSlko/kkuh fddogk¡ ij .kZ fp= gSa ftuesa ok'k Hkkjrh; dyk ls izvikjn'khZ Hkkfor gSA jaogha isMiz+ksa ;vkSksxj lqif{k;ks l phuh A ml Ük`a[ds kyklkFk esa vus egRoiw la;kstu dk fgLlk izrhrdkgkslqU;knjmldh eglwgSlftues gksA dgha a esa ldrk f[kys iqgS"iks a esa ;g kkoxy* ns[kkdktkftØ ldrkdjsgSa Arks gYds gjs] Hkhus&Hkhus izHkko vko';drk ns[kk tk ldrk a ok'kdgha dk lq>kfM+ Unj;izksa H;k kko>qnsj[eqkkVkstk A ,d fp=izH^;q ;gk¡ jaxksa esa FkksM+k fojks/kkHkkl fn[kus ls fdgha vkd"kZfd;k .k mudh rk]a izlqodkgiw kse.yrk vkSj lqlax?U/k vkLokn fd;k atk izHkko dh i`"BHkw e esa vf/kd dqN ck¡liq"ksa iksdksa dkfpf=r x;k gS;FkkFkZ ftles kZ rwfydk kkrksadk ls jph xbZ ifRr;ks ds ldrk vfrfjDr ck¡lksa ds dPps vkSj gSA iDds gksus dk vuqeku Hkh muds jaxksa ls yxk;k tk ldrk gSA dqN ck¡lksa esa gjk vkSj dqN ihyk jax cM+h gh lko/kkuh ls iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA cksl ds Hkkjrh; xzkE; n`'; ds fp= ns[ksa ;k fpfM+;ksa ij vk/kkfjr la;kstu] gesa y[kuÅ ds dyk&laLdkj eksfgr dj ysrs gSaA blds lkFk gh ,d ckr [kklrkSj ij muds bu fp=ksa esa ns[kh tk ldrh gS og gS phuh dyk dk izHkkoA ;gk¡ mYys[kuh; gS fd cksl ds ledkyhu okbZ-ds'kqDyk ¼xqtjkr&1907&19½ dk Hkh ,d nkSj ,slk Fkk fd mudh dykd`fr;k¡ phuh izHkko ls ;qDr FkhaA ;kuh ml le; dykdkjksa esa phuh dyk dk Hkh vkd"kZ.k FkkA dykdkj phuh LVªksDl vkSj laosnu'khy jaxksa dh rkuksa ls izHkkfor FksA

gSA esa lqdqekj cksl dyk ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky; esa nhf{kr gq, FksA ml le; vflr dqekj gYnkj ogk¡ ds iz/kkukpk;Z chloha lnh ds rhljs n'kd FksA og caxky Ldwy dhcksl ok'kds fp=.k dj ;jgsksa ijFks vk/kkfjr ij og vo'; fd ^^y[kuÅ dyk** vyx Hkkjrh;fo/kk xzkE;dkn`'y[kuÅ ; ds fp=esa nsiz[lksa kj;krksfpfM+ la;kstu]pkgrs gesa Fksy[kuÅ ds dyk&la Ldkj ,d eksfgr dj ysrs gSaA blds lkFk gh vfLrRo cuk,A gYnkj,d ds ckr igys[kklrkS Jheqfuj ij flagmuds ] 'kehmTtek ;gk¡gS igys jpukjr mudh izHkko bu fp=ksa esvkfn a ns[khdykdkj tk ldrh og gS lsphuh dyk Fksdk vkS izHjkkoA ;gk¡dyk mYysdk [kuh; gS fdHkhcksiwljs ds ledkyhu okbZ-dsokrkoj.k vkSj lkFk gh 'kq lqd qekj¼xq ckstljkr&1907&19½ ij iM+kA y[kuÅdk esa tks fodflr bZ mlesfr;k¡ a rkuksphuh a dh laizoHsnkko u'khyrk fn;kml x;kAle; dykdkjksa esa phuh Dyk Hkh ok'k ,d fp=.k nkSj ,slfo/kk k Fkk fd mudh gqdykd` ls ;qDrijFkhatksA j;kuh jaxksa dh bruh gYdh ijrks a dksdkO;ogkj esa yk;k fd jax phuh ,d nwLVª ljsksDlsl >k¡ ls fn[krs ikjn'khZ dyk Hkh vkd"kZ .k FkkAx;kdykdkj vkSdj rslaogqsn,u'khy jaxksa gSdha lkFk rkuksgha lsvYi izHkkfor FksA ,oa vikjn'khZ jaxksa dks

;g lq[kn la;ksx gS fdchloha dyk lnh ,oa f'kYi lu~ egkfo|ky; 1911 esa gqbZesFkh vkSj gqns,'k FksdsA ml iz[;kr ds rhljsegkfo|ky;] n'kd esa lqdy[kuÅ qekj cksl dh dykLFkkiuk ,oa f'kYi a nhf{kr le;dykdkj vflr dqin~ ekjeJh gYnkj ogk¡ ds iz/kkukpk;Z lqdekj cksl dk tUe Fkslu~A og 1912 esa gqLdw vkyFkkdhvkSok'k j gesfp=.k a bu nksufo/kk ksa o"kksdkZa 2011 vkSjes2012 'krkCnh esa mYykliw dk dyk** ,d vyx caxky y[kuÅ a izlkj dks rks dj jgs Fkso"kksijZa dsog:ivo'; pkgrs oFksZdfdeukus ^^y[kuÅ volj izkIr gqvk gSA okLro bu nksuksgYnkj a esa ,ddsxgjk qekj dh dyk nh{kk&y[kuÅ gqbZ FkhAls y[kuÅ Ldkjdyk dk izHkko Hkh iwjs vfLrRoesa cuk,A igysfj'rk JheqHkh fu FkkA flaglq] d'kehmTtek vkfn dykdkj ;gk¡ls igys jpukjr dsFks dyk&la vkSj mudh muesa jps&cls FksA ml okrkoj.k le; y[kuÅ ds dyk a bl ckr dk es[kklk tksjfp=.k jgrk Fkk fdfodflr dykdkjgqyxHkx lHkha dh ek/;eks vkSj ij tksj fn;k x;kA vkSj lkFk gh lqdegkfo|ky; qekj cksl ij esiM+ kA y[kuÅ a tks ok'k fo/kk bZ mlesa rkuks laosna u'khyrk fo/kkvksa gh ugha cfYdjavus d fo"k;ks a dks Hkhijrks viuk fo"k; cuk,Ax;klqdfdqekjjaxHkh,dcgqnwvlk;keh :i esa gSmHkjs A mUgks aus xzkE;ikjn'khZ n`'; ,oa vikjn'khZ jaxksa dks xksa dh bruh gYdh a dks jpuk O;ogkj esa yk;k js ls >k¡dykdkj drs gq, ds ls fn[krs a lkFk gh vYi fp=] lSjka fp=] fpfM+O;ogkj ;ksa ij vk/kkfjr ;kstu] vewj r[kqZ fp= ;kstlQs uksa@vkys fHkfRrfp= esa oftZr lafd;k x;kANfo gkbZfp=] ykbV vkS ys izHvkS kkoj dsvkya fy,dkfjd dkxtladh nh dk[kuks bLrsa dsekylkFk fd;k x;kA ;gcuk,A lkjh fo'ks"krk,¡ lqdqekj cksl deZLFkyh fnYyh gksus dsds fp=ks ckotwa esna nslq[dkhqetk kj esldrh a y[kuÅ ds dyk&la Ldkj izvikjn'khZ eq[krk lsjaxfn[krs Za dh )] rkuks a dhoglaobruh snuk'khyrk] gSaA gkyk¡ fd ;nk&dnk ksa dk izgS;aA ksxo.kks lqd qekjle` us ffd;k gS ij lko/kkuh ds lkFk fd ogk¡ ij js[kkvksa dh y;kRedrk]laokrkoj.k a ,d Hkhuk dyk eglw ds og xq.Ak dgha vkSj dgha izHkko>kfM+ tks lq;ksda ;kqekj>qdh ;kstu dk esfgLlk izrhr izgksHkko ;k vkfn mldhy[kuÅ vko';drk l gks jeqVvfHkO;fDr ksa esa f[kys iq"dsiksek/;e a esa ;g izlsHkko ns[kk tk ldrk gSA foLrkj ikrs jgs FksA ;gk¡ jaxksa esa FkksM+k fojks/kkHkkl fn[kus ls dgha vf/kd iq"iksa dk vkd"kZ.k mudh ;FkkFkZrk] lqdkseyrk vkSj lqxU/k dk vkLokn fd;k tk ldrk ;g lq[kn la;ksx gS fd dyk ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ dh LFkkiuk lu~ 1911 esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj ns'k ds iz[;kr dykdkj in~eJh lqdekj cksl dk tUe lu~ 1912 esa gqvk Fkk vkSj gesa bu nksuksa o"kksZa 2011 vkSj 2012 dks 'krkCnh o"kksZa ds :i esa mYykliwoZd eukus dk Û MkW- lsvo/ks k feJ volj izkIr gqvk gSA okLro esa bu nksuksa esa ,d xgjk fj'rk Hkh FkkA lqdqekj dh dyk nh{kk&y[kuÅ gqbZ 'FkhA y[kuÅ ds dyk&laLdkj lqdqekj cksl ¼1912 mues y[kuÅ&1986 dk ftØ dsvkrs ekul iVy ij ,dckr ,sls dk cgq[kklk vk;kehtksdykdkj mHkjrhyxHkx gS] lHkh ek/;eksa vkSj a jps&cls FksAubZmlfnYyh½ le; y[kuÅ dykgh egkfo|ky; esa bl j jgrk FkkdhfdNfo dykdkj rwfydk vkSj ek/;e ftlds xqya ghke ugha FksA ek/;e vkSjdrduhd dh Hkh laHviuk kkoukvksjpuk a dh fo"k; ijkdk"Bk rdlqtkdj djus dk xkSdykdkj jo gkfly fd;kesa gSmHkjsA mUgksaus xzkE; n`'; fo/kkvks cfYd vus fo"k;ksa dks cuk,A dqekj dke Hkh cgq vk;keh ds :i lqdqekj usA rwfydk dk fp=] izn'kZulSogh gksrk Fkk tSl;hksa lqijdqevk/kkfjr kj dh eu%fLFkfr rh FkhA blhfy, izÑvkS fr]j /keZ ] v/;kRe lHkh dk[lEiw k fHkfRrfp= cuk,A jka fp=] fpfM+ la;kstu] gksNfo fp=] vewrZ rksfp= vkya dkfjd lavkfn ;kstuks a@vkys kuksa .dskZrlkFk esa lk{kkRdkj djkrs gSa in~deZ eJh ckslfnYyh ds fp=A ;g fp= fnYyhds¼jk"Vª ifr Hkou kh; lhek LFkyh gksuvkt s ds ckotw n lqy[kuÅ] dqekj esa ubZ y[kuÅ dyk&la Ldkj vkfn½ izeq[krk;klsns'fn[krs gSaA ds o.kksckgj Za dh Hkhle`Hkkjrh; f)] rkuksa dh laosnuk'khyrk] dyk dk l'kDr izfrfuf/kRo gSa vkSj ;g okrkoj.k ,d ;qx dh dykHkhuk ijEijk dks vkfn le>usy[kuÅ @vuqla/kku ds fy, egRoiw kZ lztks ksr lqHkhdcus a] js[kkvksdj a dhjgsy;kRedrk] esa ,d izHkko dykdjus ds og xq.k vkS j izH.kko qekj gqdh, gSvfHkO;fDr ds ek/;e ls fo'ks"kdj y[kuÅ&ok'kfoLrkj ds bfrgkl ikrs jgsdhFks,d A vfoLej.kh; dM+h ds :i esaA

y[kuÅ&ok'k dk foLrkj % lqdqekj cksl

dh vks jvks i`dk fBHkw ef]e;effogha xukja mtkyk fy, tks y sy dks badks jgk gSgS'gS'ij o`jo`lso`ls vklikl dh i`vks "i`kjeNks eqeqeqeq[eq[[eq[;eq[;;eq;[;[ks;[fo"k; dh vks jx;s i`aAdh f[dh ef]lh ukja xjukja lk [kq y[kq sy vkleku dks bafd;k dj jgk gSiwjgh jAjvkS i`d BHkw fhhfBHkw efa efelh a dykdkj gjs ;a fo"k; fo"k; dh vks jdh efukja ukja hlk lk s vkleku dks baxr fbaxr xr dj jgk gShvkS {dsds k{ds vklikl dh feseesefesfeesa dke ;fo"k; ;xfo"k; fo"k; fo"k; gaVlgalkkHgakklgal ldh l dh dh dh dh vks vks jvks jdh jdh dh jdh jgSdh dh i`i`"o`"i`BHkw "i`"BHkw BHkw i`{"BHkw i`"viuh eogha feukja ukja eiwukja xhxhxhx[hfl)gLrrk xlk lk lk mtkyk mtkyk mtkyk fy, fy, fy, tks tks tks tks tks [kq [kq [kq y [kq y[kq s yrk svkleku yvkleku y svkleku svkleku s vkleku dks dks dks dks bafbafxr bafxr fmRiUu xr fbaij ffxr xr dj dj dj dj jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk vkS gSvkS gSfl)gLrrk vkS j"o`>kfM+ jtks j{o`j{cM kn'kkZ o`kn'kkZ k{;ds kdskskds ds vklikl ds vklikl vklikl dh dh dh dh i`i`"Nks "i`"BHkw BHkw i`"jBHkw i`"BHkw "VBHkw "viuh BHkw esegA esa Mkyh aesksagjs esgjs agjs esa gjs agjs a gjs gjsijHkjh ls cM+ htks ckjhfd;ks a dk lsleeyrk dke gSdj Adj viu l)gLrr ljvkS cvklikl jxUrO; d; ldh d d; viuh jgSvkS lsvklikl ]gSvklikl cM+ lseflh fd;k gSAmM+ku Hkj jgk gSA bl fp= esa jafo"k; iz[l kko gSfpf=r Avks fp= eqBHkw fo"k; lmtkyk nwmtkyk jfp= gkso`fy, udks s ]ek/;e dsfy, dkj.k mues a vkleku ydks ugha fn[k jgk gSdq iks a {o`k{oo`k{vius uUgha fpfM+ dks jpus usuUgha fpfM+ khlkekU; bl ds eqyrk [vyx ;[kq fo"k; gafMVs ,dVd fugkj gSiqvkS eLrh fpf=r fd;k fd;k gS"gSBHkw [xh;lk kqgakqhflk ksksmtkyk a amtkyk dh dh dks eeafy, yrk vfrdks yrk Hkh cM+ dq kyrk gS,d AAvkLokn isvkLokn isMhvU; M;dh +ckjhfd;ks + kdh Vds >kfM+ >qdk jnsganseqgagaga[l k"BHkw ifRr;k¡ {dj kksfy, lstks Hdks kko dj jgh fofHkUu izdh Qw vkxs cq j eq ds muds eueks iq " fpf=r x, gS A a bl fp= fo"k; lksy a ynks +kdsdsgSlkFk} tks viuh hgSij fl)gLrrk ls ]fpfM+ cM+ h;;;rFkk ckjhfd;ks avkS lsuues^ba gSbl izizizlh HizVHizkko gSgSVjgSAAgShAsgSAfp= dk eqeqeq[eq[[eqg[ls uugks sudks dkj.k mues yfyyeyyugha ugha fn[k jgk iq"ij a ao"iks fpfM+ esesdj a Hkj dykdkj jajajaxja;qxxjaxjaxDjadk izdk Hlh dk eqdk ;eq[;eqds ga;gagafo"k; ll gks ux;k mues a adh y fn[k jgk gSgSiwgSgSa gSjij iqdh a "rks k;kk;kHkjh dks jpus us[us[us[usbl xdk dk Hkko kko dk ;fo"k; fo"k; gks us dsds s ds dkj.k mues a fMVs ugha fn[k jgk gSij ijij iq"iksiks "vks iks oy fpfM+ kdks jpus esalq jadk xrdk xdk dk Hkko izHkko izkko HfpfM+ Hkko gSikS A;fp= gSA;fp= fp= Afp= A/kfp= fp= fp= dk dk dk dk ;[ds ;[]dks ;[fo"k; ;fo"k; fo"k; ;eqfo"k; fo"k; fo"k; gafo"k; galgalfo"k; galfd;k galnwkjnwlnwl nwjjnwjnwjcks nwjgagks nwjgks gks jl jgks uls gks sds us dsudh s dsdkj.k sfpfM+ ds dkj.k ds dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k mues mues mues mues mues afMVs a"fMVs fMVs a fMVs a fMVs a jgh fMVs fMVs y ugha y ugha ugha ugha ugha fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k fn[k jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk ij gSij iqiqi"["iqiks "dh iqks"iks iqtks iks a oifRr;ks oQs iks a joja o[kq aequUgha auUgha ouUgha uUgha o[y uUgha uUgha fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;dk ;dks k;dks kvkdkj dks kdks dks dks jpus jpus jpus jpus jpus esdke escM+ dykdkj alq dykdkj esa dykdkj a dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj us"uso`pkS vkS vkS jesja a jHkj lq /jgk //a jgk kkajgk kkadks kkak'fd;k ''gkml] kqkq.gSkqgS'ks 'ksij 'ksAvkS kjusi`kjjusof kjAya pkS pkS /k//fkjh kjh kjhdks ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks ydk dkrk½ dkrk½ dkrk½ lkFk} lkFk} ksuUgha f;uUgha 'ki ij nqvk;keks cjpus kjk fadykdkj M;k nfp= u* fpf=r djus viuh iwgSkko fl)gLrrk cM+ h ckjhfd;ks a ls dke fd;k gS A eq [ ga vks j dh i` BHkw ukja x h lk mtkyk fy, s vkleku ba f xr { ds vklikl dh i`aks"{j.knk a gjs Expansion The Lucknow Wash fpfM+ k bl bl fp= fp= eq [ [ ; ; ga l dks ,dVd ,dVd fugkj fugkj jgh gS gS tks tks vius vius xUrO; xUrO; dh vks viuh viuh eLrh eLrh Hkjh mM+ mM+ k k gS A fp= es es a a ;fn lq d q e ds ; ks a ij vk/kkfjr vU; la ; ks t uks dks ns a fo"k; rks gS BHkw e vkS j vxz H kw feQwyesds laBHkw rqyfeu espj.k ls Nks & s Nks kks a ds lew fpf=r gS A dykdkj vfrlw { e n` f "V us tgk¡ iq o a ds fofHkUu ,oa kks a >kfM+ ; ks a ds >q j eq V cuk;s x;s A a o` { k dh ifRr;k¡ lkekU; o` { kks a ls vyx yrk dk iz H kko mRiUu dj jgh gS A >kfM+ ; ks a es a fofHkUu iz d kj ds a vkxs vkxscq jeqkjVeqkdh eqdh VNks eqkskqdh Vadh Vds dsdsds dsds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk gh gh gh gh gh muds muds muds muds eueks eueks glsguks d gd gek/;e gvyx d d d iqiqfy, iqyrk "iq"iqiiq"iva ""i"iiyrk fpf=r iyrk fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fd, fd, fd, x, x, x, x, x, x, gSvkS gSgSaAdk gSaAgS]gSdks aAjaAbl aAbl aAtks bl bl bl bl fp= fp= fp= dk eqrktxh eqeqe[eqiseq[keqfo'ks [gS;M[gS[;gSn`[;;+ vkS ;f;fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; l gads gads lflks,d leksal dk ksvklikl a ksvklikl a izksMkyh a dk aizdk dk tks tks MifRr;ks Mds MdsM+kdsMfp= +kM+kgS+kdh +kgSuUgha +kQw gSQw gStks tks >kfM+ >kfM+ ksakkdh ksadh adh dsdsotM+ >q >q eqds eqdVdsds Vfo"k; Vfo"k; cuk;s x;s gSa fpfM+ aA;qaA>q o`>q ifRr;k¡ ifRr;k¡ lkekU; o`;o`eueks {gok'k {mtkyk kkskksa dks a lsga ls vyx vyx dk HHkko kko mRiUu mRiUu dj jgh jgh Adk Adk >kfM+ a esfo"k; a krk fofHkUu izdk dd kjtks kjtks ya ytks >kfM+ ;a ks;[dh ds >qtM+ jlqj;eqj;ds cuk;s x;s aAdsds o`vkxs ifRr;k¡ o`oeueks {eueks kksdk mRiUu dj jgh gSdk >kfM+ ks"V aks"oksfo"k; d kjtks Qw kstks aks"esksa"a BHkw jgk AlkekU; fp= dks esyrk a afpf=r iwrksdk jHkh kdk fd;k lqfp= d qe;rks kjgSdk dh vU; ^mM+ ku*rqyesua cgq r lqUa nj nksdkso`.{kkska ,oa viuh iwvU; jvU; hfd;k fl)gLrrk ]dks ckjhfd;ks a fo"k; lsfo"k; dke fd;k gSrksrksrksyrk Arks viuh iwgSkij hHkjh fl)gLrrk ls ]fpfM+ cM+ a la fd;k ADVj] ij xs&a]eLrh izl kko gSds gSds AfpfM+ Alew fp= fp= dk eq;ks [l[fpf=r ;vkleku ;vkleku fo"k; fo"k; gaaeslagaeslax;k llaa l nwkst nw;t jt gks uua ls s as dks mues fMVs fMVs ydk y ugha ugha fn[k fn[k jgk gSoi`cM+ gSkdks iqgSdsiqij "cM+ "ds iks a BHkw oi`o"anfofHkUu ;hko kFkkA kfHkwdjrk dks esrv audke dykdkj ususgSMkyh ;fn cks ds fpfM+ ;;;s{ks;gksa ks;agfo"k; ;afopj.k kstks;t auks dks nsds [ns[jgk ksa nsks[tks a ksrks rks eqdh fo"k; dk vkdkj cM+ kkLi"Vrk@lw ij "i`dsBHkw vkS jvk;keks vxz HHkwHckjhfd;ks kwbl a la qy ;fn qeVlqesjaqked kja]d cks l ;dks vU; laesx;k ksgSfopj.k a gks dks nsds [cM+ ksdkj.k eqAa rks [bl ;eq[;eqks;[tks fo"k; rks gSifRr;ks ij i`ds "a lkS fanfuUgha efuUgha vkS jfpfM+ vxz eskwefesfp= lqd kjj[krs ksa ij a [ksdk ij vk/kkfjr vU; la;afopj.k ksjtAuks nsf[jgk ksa rks eqmues ;tks fo"k; dk cM+ gSoh i`"a BHkw fedk efudk vkS jvxz kwe,oa fv uuuNks ;fn lqNks qebl kjNks qedk kjdk qeNks kjcks cks ls cks ds fpfM+ ds fpfM+ ksij ag;ansij ks;ij ij ksadk a vk/kkfjr ij ij vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vU; vU; vU; vU; lax;k ;fopj.k la ;la ks;gSuks ksuks uks ksAto`uks t a dykdkj adj uks dks uks a dks dks a dks nsnsjgk nsM+[dkj.k a gS[dh a;g ks[hrks rks ksa rks eqvfrlw rks eq[bl [bl ;a tks [;dh [tks ;fo"k; dk dk dk vkdkj vkdkj vkdkj vkdkj vkdkj cM+ rks cM+ cM+ gSFkgSoh kjgSoh koh ij gSij ij i`iks "ds BHkw "fofHkUu BHkw e;Zdk efHkj fevkS vkS evkLokn vkS vkS jvkLokn vkS jvkLokn jlsla vxz jvxz jgSHvxz vxz vxz kw;Hdks fdjrk H,oa kwedjrk ffp=ks eesgSesejpus esdks aesAdks a la eslagqa laesargqisla rlav qy qy qy qy uo`dykdkj 'vk/kkfjr a]vkleku fr] ckny] gh ugha &vkdkj dk xgu fd;k av ke[; dk djs mldk VsMtDMMMMLpj] fpfM+ ;esd eqfpfM+ [fpfM+ ,dVd fugkj jgh xUrO; dh jif{k;ks eLrh k;Z=r jgk AH;gA esMkkslsv cuk, gqds ,kksds ifjiz nj va d utM fd;k jjgk x[bl vkdkjks eka lsd, ka jpus gSgqdks Av dykdkj kkn`vk/kkfjr oceqfpf=r ksAgS>jeV avius dks efo"k; ogn`"V eeue hi`"{v/;;u dq kyrk n'kkZ kbl Vesusha fofHkUu lh uUgha mYykl mYykl mYykl mYykl mYykl esd esd a]eslqesa]jad a]VqexeLrh a]Vqed eLrh eLrh esizcks esikS al esHikS esHalds esbBykrk&cy[kkrk al bBykrk&cy[kkrk al abBykrk&cy[kkrk bBykrk&cy[kkrk bBykrk&cy[kkrk estM a esfopj.k a;fopj.k gS>jeV Aa ksgS>jeV gS>jeV Abl A>jeV bl Aeqjavfrlw tks tks Mad +slMedh dh +slkekU; n`Fgfdk n`vkdkj "V fgvfrdks fomud "V fusvks "V fusmud "V "V uhps uhps uhps uhps uhps gSiqeue gS"jgk gSeue gS"rks gS"acM+ tks tks tks tks tks i`gd i`ifRr;ks Fki`Hkh Fi`ij i`oh Fi"i Fyrk FHkh oh dsij ds ds lkS lkS lkS lkS anBHkw lkS anBHkw an"=r ;ZuanBHkw ;Z'efd ;Zkko dk dk dk vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn djrk gqraAla v gqr.gqrqy kkks>kfM+ kdh kaud kd lslh lsmYykl ;q;q;fn D;fn Dr;fn rlqrlqlqlqNks Nks s&kjeLrh s&kjqeeLrh Nks Vcks Vcks s ikS /ds /kksabBykrk&cy[kkrk kksfpfM+ a ds a fpfM+ lew lew dks dks fpf=r fd;k fd;k dykdkj dh dh vfrlw {fo"k; tgk¡ tgk¡ iqeue irks idh ogd ifRr;ks ai`p fofHkUu vk;keks vk;keks agqef,oa aedjrk .p= kkseska a +ruqy akrud aqy ls ;q;fn D;fn Vkjfp= sesl /kko a ds dks fpf=r {;a McfYd n`F+sdh usdk tgk¡ iqgSls itks ocM+ ai`ij ds afkweHfdjrk .p= clq la l lds lvkleku ldks dÑ d dd d tM tM tM d dd dd d iiogha lAl ll iigSdj ikksdj igSiadj i/dj /i/aA[vkS /jgk /vkfn /gS/kqjgk d d{d dd >jeV >jeV dd d d d l{MelM+syrk lMerktxh l+sl F+sldh Fn`dh Fn`dh FfFf"V g"V gn`fi'kq gn`fgn`"V mud mud mud eue eue gd gd gd gd i"i i"i i"i i"i i"i pmM+ pp p p =r =r d, d, d, d, d, d, x, x, x, x, x, x, gA gA gA gA gA bl bl bl bl bl p= p= p= p= d d dd{e[; e[; e[; o" o" o" o" o" o" ;;;;;;gl gl gl gl ddd lizd d digS]iigSix;k illdykdkj li{dj d mud gd i"i p=r x, gA bl o" ;gl gl >kfM+ ;gacccUcvkleku kslcvkleku >qfd;k jeqtM VestM cuk;s x;s o`d k;gSd dh ifRr;k¡ o`mud {uhps kksviuh a eue vyx dk iz=r H;Z=r mRiUu dj jgh gSp= ;e[; kse[; a e[; izgl dd kjddd dstttttt QwyMMgksgga gggtgtttttt viuh viuh iw iw j j h h fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk ls ls ] ] cM+ cM+ h h ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks a a ls ls dke dke fd;k fd;k gS gS A A cuk, j[krs gq , ifjiz { s ; dk lq U nj va d u fd;k x;k gS vkS j ;g ja x ks a dh rktxh o vkdkjks a dh Li"Vrk@lw { eka d u la H ko gq v k dykdkj us viuh iw j h fl)gLrrk ls ] cM+ h ckjhfd;ks ls dke fd;k gS A cuk, j[krs gq , ifjiz { s ; dk lq U nj va d u fd;k x;k gS vkS j ;g ja x ks a dh rktxh o vkdkjks a dh Li"Vrk@lw { eka d u ls la H ko gq v k gS A dykdkj us cuk, j[krs gq , ifjiz { s ; dk lq U nj va d u fd;k x;k gS vkS j ;g ja x ks a dh rktxh o vkdkjks a dh Li"Vrk@lw { eka d u ls la H ko gq v k gS A dykdkj us cuk, cuk, cuk, cuk, cuk, j[krs j[krs j[krs j[krs j[krs gq gq gq , , gq , gq ifjiz , ifjiz , ifjiz ifjiz ifjiz { s { s { s ; ; ; { s { s dk ; dk ; dk dk dk lq lq lq U U lq nj U lq nj nj U U nj nj va va va d va d va d u u d d u fd;k u fd;k u fd;k fd;k fd;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k gS gS gS vkS gS vkS gS vkS vkS j vkS j j ;g ;g j ;g j ;g ;g ja ja x ja x x ja ks ks ja a x a ks dh x a dh ks dh ks a dh dh rktxh rktxh rktxh rktxh rktxh o o o o vkdkjks vkdkjks o vkdkjks vkdkjks vkdkjks a a dh a dh dh a a dh dh Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw { { { eka eka eka { { d eka d eka d u u d d u ls u ls u ls ls la ls la la H H la H ko la ko ko H H ko ko gq gq gq v v gq v gq k v k v k gS gS k gS A k A gS A gS dykdkj dykdkj A dykdkj A dykdkj dykdkj us us us us us 'kk[kkvks a vkS j ifRr;ks a dk iz L Qq V u ,oa fodkl] gok ds >ks d ks a ls gks u s okyh gypy] if{k;ks a dk [ks y ] mldh Hka f xek,¡ vkfn lq d qedjr kj gv eq [ ; fo"k; ga l dh vks j dh i` " BHkw f e ukja x h lk mtkyk fy, tks [kq y s vkleku dks ba f xr dj jgk gS vkS j o` k ds vklikl dh i` " BHkw f e es a gjs n` ' ;ks ] a iz Ñ fr] ckny] o` { kks a vkfn gh ugha cfYd i'kq & if{k;ks a dk Hkh xgu v/;;u fd;k FkkA fp=ks a es a o` { k dk djs D Vj] mldk Vs D Lpj] ;fn lq d q e kj cks l ds fpfM+ ; ks a ij vk/kkfjr vU; la ; ks t uks a dks ns [ ks a rks eq [ ; fo"k; vkdkj rks cM+ k gS ij i` " BHkw f e vkS j vxz H kw f edjr lausgv rqyu lh fpfM+ kM+mYy eq/x;k [eeeaoe;eoeds fo"k; garedks ld ,dVd gSvU; tks vius xUrO; jcgq mM+ ka udsddHkj jgk gSdd Addddbl fp= adjr vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs vkxs jgk jgk jgk jgk gSgSgSAgSAgSgSAAfp= Afp= Afp= fp= fp= fp= dks dks dks dks dks ok'k ok'k ek/;e ek/;e ek/;e es;mYy es;bl es;Nks aesksesa esiwksa ksiwal jiwliwkfp= kedks kefd;k kedks fd;k fd;k x;k x;k x;k x;k gSobBy gSebBy gS]vfrdks gSbBy ]gSvfrdks gSvfrdks ]bBy tks ]]tks ]tks tks tks tks lq d lq d lq qed d qeyrk qekjfpf=r qeqedks kjqekjkjkjkjdh dh dh dh fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks "cM+ "le krk "fugkj krk "le "krk "krk FkhA FkhA ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vU; vU; vU; fp= fp= fp= fp= ^mM+ ^mM+ ^mM+ ^mM+ ^mM+ ^mM+ kbl ku* u* ku* u* u* estestn`MestaMesNks a Mesfcgq a cgq a a cgq rlh rnrnlh lqrnlh lqU"V UlqMkyh nj Unj UMkyh Unj Unj nks nks nksp nks o`ij o`p o`gkuUgha {t{gt kifRr;ks {tuUgha {t k,oa kt k,oa kt ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa dks dks [ckfM+ esdks aeso`fpfM+ a cM+ o`{acM+ {;o`abamM+ o`fkks{;;dk ka esdk dk dk djs djs djs djs Dyxk;k DVj] DVj] DVj] Vj] Vj] mldk mldk VsQw VsDQw Vsds DesQw Lpj] VsDesLpj] DkwLpj] Lpj] :i eslh alh fpf=r blls q'dh kyrk vkS jfodkl] {kerk gh ugha ]a dk v/;;ukof/k esokyh aHHkko ds ifjos 'jafp=ks Hkh tk ldrk gSafksLpj] bl v/;;u ija esdykdkj a e^^xks erhus unh ds y ;FkkFkZ :i es&p= a p= fpf=r fd;k Ayrk blls dk;Z d kyrk vkS {kerk ]"jgk aesksy ds 'kok flUnj dk ku,o viuh j[kq hviuh lseAizmldk jalh xn`>kfM+ dk kko fp= fo"k; l nwc< jcfYd gks ujg sgA dkj.k fMVs y ugha jgk gSvks iks ofp=ks uUgha dks jpus avkS dykdkj ifRr;ks Qq Vxij ,oa >ks kse/;e a gS/;e lsyrk gks ufn[k gypy] if{k;ks mldh vkfn kjdh j[krs gqlkekU; ,ds ifjiz ;{d nj va uerks fd;k x;k gSiwij vkS ;g xgSAlde ksgSrks dh dh Li"Vrk@lw eka uu* lsueVueifjos Hcgr gqlUnj vlUnj kij gSnjknnnAvuq ;fn ;fn qecuk;s qecuk;s kjjds kjdsdsdk cks cks ;kgh ;dh ksdh agh vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vU; vU; la ;a d ;kksa lsd dks ns/;e ns/;e [ks[xgu ksxUrO; ksdk aexUrO; aedk rks eqizij eqv/;;u ;d; ;d; fo"k; fo"k; dk dk vkdkj rks gS]a kksdk ij ij i`r"djs i`r"Drjgk BHkw ed vkS vkS jfp= jo`vU; vxz vxz esqetgk¡ es^mM a^mM a ^mM laladrusu* ru* qyu* qyu*u* gaugha l dh vks jgA dh hyrk lk mtkyk fy, y dj {fd;k vklikl dh "cgr BHkw elUnj esHkh a igjs >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ >kfM+ ;;ks ;ks;';ks ds ksds aizds ds >q >q >q jÑ >qfr] j>qÑ eqgSjÑ eqfr] jjlq eqjgSlq VeqAfp= eqVfp= eqfr] VaAd Vd Vcuk;s VvkS cuk;s cuk;s cuk;s aA;akksfo"k; gS{vkfn aAgSvkfn gSvkfn aAdk o`dk;Z aAfpfM+ {o`vkfn o`fo"k; {o`k{fcYdq {izk{ns{gh kd dh kgh dh ifRr;k¡ ifRr;k¡ ifRr;k¡ ifRr;k¡ lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; lkekU; o`"{s{&o`if{k;ks kksBHkw {&d {d kksjgh {ad kksogha kksmues kksls a dk a fkslsds aokslsat vyx vyx vyx yrk yrk dk izs ij izHmudh izv/;;u Hize[v/;;u iz[kko Hy[kuÅ Hkko kko kko kko mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu dj jgh jgh jgh gSlde gSklde gSa AgSadk AHkjh >kfM+ >kfM+ ksxr a kkgS{;;dk ksdk a kksesuo' a ksudk ackjhfd;ks eseo' esaHkj augha fofHkUu a oku izmldk iz,d d kjdke d d kjmldk kjjkjkjkjds ds ds ds Qw y y y ksfy[kuÅ ksisd a ks]a Aa M{^mM kizÑ bl fp= eqx;s [{o`kks{;o`kkseq{;[kksgSo`;ds fo"k; gav gav lkkgaksl dks ,dVd ,dVd fugkj fugkj jgh xUrO; dh dh vks jx; jx; viuh eLrh eLrh kesho' ko' Hkj Hkj Aizmldk Ad bl bl fp= fp= esDLpj] aeksaep= ;a;ks bl eqx;s gaLkdh l dks ,dVd fugkj jgh gSoelst tks dh vks jx; viuh Hkjh u{gh bl akwp= v v v v xaxifRr;k¡ xij xoifRr;k¡ xudks c< c< c< c< jg jg jg jg jg jg gA gA gA gA p= p= p= p= p= d olsgSvyx ogSovyx o'uks 'lq 'tks '['a a 'Uedks ekqd exvius /;e /;e edk edk edk ij ij ij ij d; d; d; d; x; x; x; giqdj gfl)gLrrk gq'dj gdj g"jdj gdj tvkleku t tjgh t tjgh tjgh lde lde lde lde jjcM+ jj]j[ks d jdrktxh d d;d o' o' "a fofHkUu "a fofHkUu "fofHkUu "fofHkUu rkyrk Fv/;;ukof/k FFHkaFFgSFgSAizfaFAgSizesfAxek,¡ ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vU; vU; vU; vU; vU; p= p= p= p= p= ^mM ^mM u* eehei`ela cgr cgr cgr lUnj lUnj lUnj nuUgha nno{ o{ o{ o{ o{ o{ ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o v xc< c< gA /;e edks ij d; x; gsvkdkj tyrk jdmM+ dcM+ o' "r"rjgk rBHkw Ad ,d ecgr cgr o{ ,o dks [cuk, fpf=r fd;k gSo`{gok ]la iao'uks feevius M+evius ;yrk a ddh yrk otks vfrdks ea eLrh dks Hkh hesfofHkUu dq 'vkdkjks ls n'kkZ ;vU; kQw gSHusHy Alqy + ^mM Nks lh Mkyh 'kk[kkvks a vkS j ifRr;ks a dk iz L Qq V u ,oa fodkl] gok ds >ks d ks a ls gks u s okyh gypy] if{k;ks a dk [ks y ] mldh Hka f xek,¡ vkfn lq d q e kj us 'kk[kkvks a vkS j ifRr;ks a dk iz L Qq V u ,oa fodkl] gok ds >ks d ks a ls gks u s okyh gypy] if{k;ks a dk [ks y ] mldh Hka f xek,¡ vkfn lq d q e kj us 'kk[kkvks a vkS j ifRr;ks a dk iz L Qq V u ,oa fodkl] gok ds >ks d ks a ls gks u s okyh gypy] if{k;ks a dk [ks y ] mldh Hka f xek,¡ vkfn lq d q e kj us 'kk[kkvks 'kk[kkvks 'kk[kkvks 'kk[kkvks 'kk[kkvks a a a vkS vkS vkS a a vkS j vkS j j ifRr;ks j ifRr;ks j ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks a a a dk dk dk a a dk dk iz iz iz L L iz L Qq Qq iz Qq L L V Qq V Qq V u u V u V u ,oa ,oa u ,oa ,oa ,oa fodkl] fodkl] fodkl] fodkl] fodkl] gok gok gok gok gok ds ds ds ds ds >ks >ks >ks d >ks d >ks d ks ks d a d a ks a ls ls ks ls ks a a ls gks ls gks gks u gks u gks u s s u s okyh okyh u okyh s s okyh okyh gypy] gypy] gypy] gypy] gypy] if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks a a a dk dk dk a a dk dk [ks [ks [ks y [ks y [ks y ] ] y y ] mldh mldh ] ] mldh mldh mldh Hka Hka Hka f f Hka xek,¡ xek,¡ f Hka xek,¡ f f xek,¡ xek,¡ vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn lq lq lq d d lq d lq q e q e d d q e kj kj q e kj q e kj us kj us us us us yxk;k tk ldrk gS ] tgk¡ bl v/;;u ija i jk es a ^^xks e rh unh ds rV ij**] ^^bekeckM+ * s * es a ;k^^fidfud LikV** ij tkdj fu;fer :i ls yx ; t ldr g tg bl v/;;u ijij e ^^x er un d rV ij** ^^be ec M** e ; ^^ id ud viuh iw j h fl)gLrrk ls ] cM+ h ckjhfd;ks a ls dke fd;k gS A fcYdq y ;FkkFkZ :i es a fpf=r fd;k gS A blls mudh dk;Z d q ' kyrk vkS j {kerk gh ugha ] v/;;ukof/k es a y[kuÅ ds ifjos ' k dk Hkh vuq e ku n` ' ;ks ] a iz Ñ fr] ckny] o` { kks vkfn gh ugha cfYd i'kq & if{k;ks a dk Hkh xgu v/;;u fd;k FkkA fp=ks a es a o` { k dk djs D Vj] mldk Vs D Lpj] viuh iw j h fl)gLrrk ls ] cM+ h ckjhfd;ks a ls dke fd;k gS A cuk, cuk, j[krs j[krs gq gq , , ifjiz ifjiz { s { s ; ; dk dk lq lq U U nj nj va va d d u u fd;k fd;k x;k x;k gS gS vkS vkS j j ;g ;g ja ja x x ks ks a a dh dh rktxh rktxh o o vkdkjks vkdkjks a a dh dh Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw { { eka eka d d u u ls ls la la H H ko ko gq gq v v k k gS gS A A dykdkj dykdkj us us viuh viuh iwiwiH jiH jiH hhiH fl)gLrrk ls ls ]fpfM+ cM+ cM+ ckjhfd;ks dke fd;k Ad Ad jalew xi`lew izfefpfM+ H> kko gSxM; fp= dk ;Adykdkj fo"k; gagA ldh nwo{ jvfrlw a o{ fMVs y ugha jgk ij "mRiUu aBHkw oBHkw kckjhfd;ks jpus usjjjjgSjgSd rDrfo"k; Dfo"k; DrrrNks rNksNks Nks Nks Nks VVVs&gaVs&VgaVgas&Nks Nks Nks Nks Vdh Vdh Vdh s Vs VikS VsikS s sikS svks ikSikS /vks ikS /vks kks/kks//jakks/kksajkksds adh ads adh dsdh dsdslew lew lew gBHkw glh gdks gdks dks dks fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k x;k gScu gS[fy, AgScu AgScu Adykdkj dh dh dh dh vfrlw vfrlw vfrlw vfrlw vfrlw {ds {Rr; {ieRr; eRr; eRr; en`Rr; n`badkj.k n`bafn`bafn`"V n`fxr "V "V fxr fl"V uslusedj tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ iqo{ iqo{ iq"iqgSo{ "iqiiqgS"gSi""i"ivkS itks ovkS ivkS oll ol oojl ovyx ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks axUrO; a ds ads a avklikl ds ads ds dsfofHkUu fofHkUu fofHkUu fofHkUu fofHkUu fofHkUu vk;keks vk;keks a a ,oa a,oa auUgha ,oa ,oa ,oa dks dks dks dks dks .jg .gjs kks.jg .Hkjh kks..akkskksgA a kksgA kksgA a gA a hgA a ;hgA a gA eqeqls[lsls[ls[;q;;q;;q;D;q;qD;qDfo"k; ls&lNks jkksads i`"g"gBHkw "dk BHkw fedks efpf=r ukja ukja xM; lk lk mtkyk mtkyk fy, tks [kq [kqgA y ydh s vkleku s o{ vkleku fxr dj jgk jgk jifRr;ks jvius o`ifRr;ks o`{{{kfn[k kkdsyr ds ds vklikl vklikl dh dh i`mRiUu i`mRiUu "mRiUu "BHkw faedj fdj edj edj esesdks a gjs a jg gjs eqlsls ls&s&Nks i`lew fdks ukja xM; hM; lk tks [kq ygA s gA jgk o`ifRr;ks dh i`iks "mRiUu fa,oa esdj a ]jg >> > > > M; d d d d ddmtkyk >jeV >jeV >jeV >jeV >jeV >jeV cu cu cu ;dykdkj ;dykdkj ;dykdkj ;tks x; x; x; x; x; gA gA gA o{ o{ o{ o{ o{ d d dgks ddddui{,dVd i{isdks ie{idks iedks Rr; l"V l"V ll eusmues eusetgk¡ U; U; U; U; U; o{ o{ o{ l l l vyx vyx vyx vyx vyx yr yr yr yr yr dd d d d dgSd iH iH iH ofl)gLrrk ooiqvk;keks ovk;keks ojvk;keks ovk;keks mRiUu dj dj jg jg jg > >>>>dks >>kM; M; M; M; M; elseslseooaoodke odykdkj oHgSoHHHHAUu HUu Uu Uu Uufd;k id id id id id id jdjd Qy Qy Qy Qy Qy >M; d >jeV ;x; x; Rr; leuseusdj eU; U; vyx yr omRiUu M; HUu Uu id Qy ;M; khAhfd;k bl fp= dseqgSfy, eqgSAcu [A;;dykdkj fo"k; gavkleku l dks fugkj jgh dh vks viuh eLrh mM+ uM; Hkjeeeea ea jgk bl fp= esdd a Qy fcYdq ;FkkFkZ :i esesdk dk;Z dd q'd kyrk jvkS {kerk gh ugha v/;;ukof/k ds ifjos 'dk Hkh vuq eaAeekueku fcYdq :i esdk a esa afpf=r fd;k AM+esAgS;lAks;l mudh dk;Z d q'mues kyrk vkS jy {kerk gh ]dq v/;;ukof/k esij agSkFkkA 'lh Hkh vuq emldk fcYdq ;FkkFkZ :i esgSa fpf=r gSA;ksavkS Aksnwblls dk;Z q'kyrk vkS jrV {kerk gh ]kyrk v/;;ukof/k esgSa y[kuÅ ifjos dk Hkh ekufl)gLr fcYdq fcYdq fcYdq y ;FkkFkZ y ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ :i :i :i :i esdk esgSfpf=r a fpf=r es^^bekeckM+ fpf=r fd;k fd;k gSAaa ksblls gSvU; blls Aajdh blls blls mudh mudh dk;Z dk;Z dk;Z dk;Z dk;Z d q'xgu q'd d q'kyrk q'kyrk kyrk vkS vkS jdks ja dks {kerk {kerk jdks j{kerk {kerk {kerk gh gh gh gh gh ugha ugha ugha ]ls'kyrk v/;;ukof/k v/;;ukof/k ]vkS v/;;ukof/k ]ij v/;;ukof/k v/;;ukof/k eska gSay[kuÅ esi`y[kuÅ esAafpfM+ ds ds ds ifjos ifjos ifjos ifjos 'gy 'HktfVyrkvks kkwls'kesdk kdk dk dk kadjs dk kdykdkj dk dk Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh vuq vuq vuq vuq ku eku ku ku bl ls dj nsij rrvuq sdk gSuUgha jblls mlds rRoks v/;;u djuk gks kugha gSgS]v/;;u bl fksjd esAisy[kuÅ a isv gks a vuq dks cM+ vklkuh izjgA rls"dy vkS rRoks ads djuk rRr; gSDls Ø;k a ,o mRiUu k esa ja^^xks edk unh ds ij**] s*kqalM+fkqfo"k; fu;fer ldrk tgk¡ v/;;u jkyrk esdkj.k rh unh ds ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*iks *dy esn'kkZ agSd ij tkdj fu;fer :i vkS ifRr;ks dk izleg Qq Vy ud ,oa fodkl] gok ds >ks aØ;k uav sv gypy] if{k;ks auUgha y ]vklikl lq d n`oy n`;FkkFkZ 'fpf=r 'fpf=r ;ks izfp= izfp= Ñ Ñ fr] fr] ckny] o`ia[fd;k {ia{;[fd;k alga`gSff*kql ugha ugha i'kq &qa'kyrk &erks if{k;ks if{k;ks axugha dk dk Hkh xgu xgu fd;k fd;k fp=ks fp=ks esdk esdsfdks ads aifjos {jpus k"V dk djs Dij Da ij Vj] Vj] mldk VskVsDmldh Lpj] Lpj] iwiz[iafd;k hfkq'kk[kkvks fl)gLrrk ls ]vks cM+ lsvkS dke fd;k gSd; Arhdq viuh iwkyrk hd ls ]fpfM+ cM+ hrl{e a uk'v/;;u dke fd;k Aeiku dks dks dks nsfcYdq nsdk ns[fcYdq nslq[nsrh ns[kk[iz[d kk[izy kkizkky kkoy kkHy okko okjoy fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSagS]gSeq;fpf=r ]gSeqa fpf=r gS[a]]viuh ogha ]ks[]fpf=r ogha ogha iafd;k iao`fd;k iabl kq[jd [kkskqfl[kksl M+l M+fgSvkfn ;blls dh adh ks;k^^fidfud aAksnwadh dh dh dks dks dks dks edh esmudh eimudh eds eds yrk yrk o^^xks vfrdks vfrdks efMVs efMVs yrk eyrk etkdj yrk yrk yrk yrk dks dks Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ hugha h:i hugha dq hvkdkj hugha dqdq 'dq ']gSx; 'gSv/;;u kyrk ']x; 'kyrk kyrk lsgA lsiqgA ls"dy lsdy n'kkZ n'kkZ n'kkZ n'kkZ n'kkZ ;d ;uUgha ;uUgha k;uUgha kesjmlds ;esjkgSesjkFkkA AgSgks gSa y[kuÅ A"isafpfM+ Ay[kuÅ isBHkw My[kuÅ My[kuÅ isv ismRiUu Mv M+ Mokyh +v Mdks dh +dh + ;rl{e +dh +;dh dh Nks Nks Nks Nks Nks Vds hnlh h"V h"V lh lh lh lh Mkyh Mkyh ij ij ij uUgha uUgha ja;fn xdks xdks kko gS;FkkFkZ gS;FkkFkZ ArV []a ;ogha ;ogha ;ogha fo"k; gaM+fr;gSvkfn gaM+gS;;Dr nwblls jgh gks umudh uV&N syrk s eyrk ds mues akyrk aLleg y ugha fn[k fn[k jgk jgk ij iqfl)gLrrk iks iks akd a izood ;dh kckjhfd;ks kLikV** dks atg dykdkj xjadks dk Hyxk;k gS;ks Aa]Ala]tk fp= eqckny] fo"k; l gks udks mues fn[k jgk ij iqjgA "`fls ady oy krl{e dks jpus esujgk aMkyh dykdkj qeoHkko cks ds:i fpfM+ ij vk/kkfjr lamudh ;jV&N ksmudh t uks dks nsd [d ksleg aij eqa vkS [vkS ;jdks fo"k; dk rks cM+ frl{e erl{e vkS jVo`ifjos vxz fesu'Mkyh e'kutg la qy ;Dr ;Dr ;Dr ;Dr ;Dr Ngh NaN Ngks V&N V&N V&N V&N V&N Vyrk Vdkj.k VcfYd VcfYd Vdkj.k VijoiViaoa iiLikV** ioadh /ho/iovfrdks /dk /vfrdks /ckjhfd;ks /avfrdks d d d d leg leg leg leg d d d d d p p phpp pHkh =r =r =r =r =r =r d; d; d; d; d; x; x; x; x; gA gA gA dy dy d d j;ls jd jdAd d d v rl{e rl{e no`nVhxgu nVhnVjgh nV{jpus "V "V uMkyh uuMkyh tg tg tg tg i"i i"i i"i i"i i"i i"i ousouous{ousoio[ks ids Rr; Rr; Rr; Rr; d d ddvkS dddxqoojo: oooHbl Htu HHHUu HfUu Uu Uu Uu Uu v v v v vv ;;h;;;vkfn ;fegh e;eeeeseees,o ,o ,o ,o dd ddddqed .....kjgks .. usjgh tfV l ;Dr Nija /vfrdks d dugha pHkh =r d; x; d jd d nkh"V "V i"i iRr; Rr; oHka Hxek,¡ ,o eqfo"k; gajN lNdks i`ei'kq "d BHkw fefMVs ukja lk mtkyk fy, tks [kq s ;k^^fidfud vkleku baNks xr dj gSestg vkS juUgha o`ouUgha kgSiiigks dh i`izUu "fv BHkw a ,o gjs yxk;k ]gSds v/;;u ija iuiija jki,dVd ^^xks efugkj unh rV ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*vks LikV** ij fu;fer :i yxk;k ldrk tgk¡ v/;;u ija idks a esagSfd;k ^^xks efugkj dsdsdsds rV ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*dj ;k^^fidfud LikV** tkdj :i ls yxk;k ldrk ]ds bl v/;;u ija ejrh unh rV ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*es*jlsess*jdk;Z ;k^^fidfud LikV** ij tkdj fu;fer ls yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k yxk;k tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSvkS gS]s{ds ]gSls ];ds gSjls ]tgk¡ gStgk¡ tgk¡ bl bl bl v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u ija ija ija ijkija jknsijk,dVd i;FkkFkZ jk,dVd iesjkesjkesesjks fd;k aesadjuk es^^xks aA^^xks esfodkl] ^^xks a ^^xks a ^^xks ^^xks efugkj erh rh eArh eesrh rh rh unh unh unh ds ds rV ds rV rV rV rV ij**] ij**] ij**] ij**] ij**] ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ s*vks s*vks s *gypy] ess*nr esjviuh *a es*a viuh aesviuh a ;k^^fidfud es;k^^fidfud a ;k^^fidfud esa ;k^^fidfud ad a ;k^^fidfud LikV** LikV** LikV** ij ij ij ij tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj tkdj fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer :i :i :i :i :i lskalska kals ls lsv/;;u gy dj gy gA dj nseyr reyr s vkS foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj ds ds ds ds e/; dsbl e/; e/; e/; e/; e/; [kM+ [kM+ [kM+ [kM+ [kM+ ka gA gks kcM+ gks d gks gks gks d d d jd d jd jckjhfd;ks jlEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw lEiw .usd kZ..jpus .n`kZN.kZNkZN n`kZ'n`kZn`n`'n`;a'Vn`ls'Va dj 'ls ;Va 'ls ;';;dk ;dke ;dk dk dk lk{kh lk{kh cu cu cu cu cu jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk gSgSAgSgSAgSAgSAAAA bl bl bl bl bl d vkS jfp= rRoks a ckjhfd;ks dk v/;;u runh kgok gSg;unh jtks bl fM; Ø;k mRiUu aLikV** dks : tu cM+ h[kM+ :i a unh fpf=r fd;k gSls AxUrO; blls mudh qtfVyrkvks 'rd kyrk jLikV** {kerk gh ugha ]hgSAfu;fer v/;;ukof/k a lsgA y[kuÅ ds dk Hkh vuq egSku lsdd nsdk rMkMlk{kh gSlk{kh aAyyij bl 'kk[kkvks a a gSgSmlds vkS jls ifRr;ks a jafo"k; alq dk izd izd Vdks Vdks udke ,oa ,oa gok >ks >ks d ls gks gks uudduks sd ssa dh okyh okyh if{k;ks if{k;ks agSfd;k a Hkjh dk [ks [ks y ]viuh ]ij mldh mldh Hka fdykdkj fds xek,¡ vkfn vkfn lq lq elEiw qhiM ejjiM kjckjhfd;ks kjlEiw us.d lh lh lh lh lh lh fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;tk ;tk ;k;tk ktk bl k`fkbl krldrk bl bl bl fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= ds ds eqcM+ [eqtgk¡ eqcM+ [tgk¡ eqcM+ [;bl [;fn [bl ;lq[bl ;h;bl ;h;Ufo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; gafcYdq gad l gaLgaLd lQq l dks dks dks ,dVd fugkj fugkj fugkj jgh jgh jgh jgh jgh gSog gSds tks gSds tks tks tks tks vius vius vius vius vius vius dh dh dh dh dh vks vks j*gypy] viuh viuh eLrh eLrh eLrh eLrh eLrh eLrh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh Hkjh mM+ mM+ mM+ mM+ mM+ mM+ klaHkuHHuy kAfl)gLr kviuh ubl kij uviuh Hkj Hkj Hkj Hkj Hkj Hkj jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk gSd' Ads gSyr Akyr Abl Ayr bl bl bl bl fp= fp= fp= es:i esgh es;eslsals viuh viuh iwiwjiz;jhjtk h;tk hk'kk[kkvks fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk ]eq]ifRr;ks ]tgk¡ hfo"k; ckjhfd;ks afd;k a n[ lsn[ ls dke gSrh Ad; viuh iwj[krs fl)gLrrk ]eq]tgk¡ ckjhfd;ks a n[ dke gSedk cuk, gqtk ,bl ifjiz dk nj va d gSa=r vkS aog dh rktxh oxUrO; avks dh {fo"k; eka d uaAdk lsd gqtkdj v kiwd' us[kM+ viuh hgSksds fl)gLrrk ls ]esl cM+ heyr ckjhfd;ks a ;k^^fidfud ls dke iwfoLrkj iwjgk iwd' jij jd' hjxqgSjhd' fl)gLrrk hgSHka fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk ls ];ffpfM+ ]gks ]ecM+ cM+ cM+ hiM hiM ckjhfd;ks dke fd;k fd;k fd;k gScu gSuUg gSuUg AgSuUg AuUg Ajgk Ajgk n[ n[ oods ox;k or,dVd oAop p pfd;k pppfodkl] =r =r =r =r d; d; d; d; giwgjaggSgxggSjvkS og og og og i[ i[ i[ i[ i[ i[ M; M; M; M; dud d d d d d eyr eyr eyr eyr eyr omues ojgh ogy oov v v v rd rd rd rd eyr eyr eyr eyr d d d d d Hbl HukHviuh cM cM cM cM cM cM d' d' yr l l lfp= lfp= lfp= n' n' n' n' ;lsesk;als ;k]es;gks gA gA gA gA iM d dd NkZ.N lladk ldke MrMlk{kh Mlk{kh Ms lk{kh y y yfd;k ij ij ij ij ij uUg uUg n[ p=r d; gfo"k; og i[ M; d ov rd eyr dgSvkdkj Huko cM yr l n' ;esvklkuh gA iM l'dk My ij uUg xdk dk izllQq Hlsn[ kko gSo,dVd fp= eq;g [jgh gad lizksksa aM; nwxUrO; jxUrO; gksksdd ds dkj.k a[v fMVs y ugha fn[k jgk gSfoLrkj iqgSyr "Ayr iks al oe/; uUgha ;jhqiM kjckjhfd;ks dks dykdkj uscu dxgu qegad kjlgaud cks ly fpfM+ ;=r ksgSAgks ad; ij vk/kkfjr vU; laxUrO; ;xUrO; tvkdkjks ad dks nseyr [jgks ksjLi"Vrk@lw a oviuh rks eqv ;rd dk rks cM+ gSxek,¡ ij i`n' "n' BHkw vkS vxz Hgy kwfNeVNVa Vifjos esesVlslll a la dke qy uy ls gy dj ns r s gS A a mlds rRoks xgu v/;;u rrgks kr&krkgSrfy, vkS jvkS bl izizizfyy fizsØ;k Ø;k a amRiUu jgh tfVyrkvks a adks dks fl)gLr xqxqDxq:: cM+ hifjos vklkuh lsls;eegy gy dj nstkdj nsprryu s s gSgSaAaA fu;fer `f;iz`fd r`ffo"k; vkS jjvkS ajjaAdh xgu v/;;u djuk gksAgks rblls jtks bl iz[kq esesesesa esegkfo|ky;] jgh tfVyrkvks fl)gLr xqle; cM+ hcM+ izd `frfo"k; vkS mlds rRoks adh v/;;u djuk gks kgSfy, vkS jbl bl Ø;k esv/;;u jgh tfVyrkvks fl)gLr :tu tu ha Vsegh gh izd `rfdrfo"k; d `rffo"k; `fvkS rvkS rvkS jgamlds jgal jckny] mlds mlds rRoks rRoks rRoks dk a dk dk a i`dk dk xgu v/;;u v/;;u djuk djuk djuk djuk djuk gks gksblls gks rkgks kgSif{k;ks gSrfy, kgSfy, kvkS vkS gSvkS gStgk¡ vkS jvkS jtks bl j[kq bl jdk;Z bl bl fizy fd Ø;k izØ;k fsvkleku Ø;k fq'vkleku Ø;k Ø;k a mRiUu esmRiUu aija mRiUu esa vkS mRiUu a mRiUu a mRiUu mRiUu gks jgh gks jgh jgh jgh jgh tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks dks a dks a dks dks fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr xq:xq:xqtu :dh xqtu tu :dh : tu tu tu cM+ cM+ cM+ hBHkw hgh hgh gh hef;k^^fidfud gh hefDrhu gh vklkuh vklkuh vklkuh vklkuh ls`rfvkS gy nsrRoks rvks s vks tk ]gSmudh v/;;u idks ^^xks eug rh ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*cM+ *cM+ ij :i fcYdq y y ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ :i esi`es"xgu axgu a vk/kkfjr fpf=r fpf=r fd;k gSldrk mudh q';fvkleku vkS jdk jjkdk {kerk gh gh ugha ugha ]jjg esxUrO; avkS aa xUrO; y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds ds 'd dk dk Hkh Hkh ku kuukuuuugSudj eq;fn eqn`;fn eq[eqizeq'[izeqiz[iz;d [;ks [d ;iz[d gajvkS gajmlds l gamlds gajl lmlds ldj dh dh dh dh dh vks vks vks vks jrRoks dh ja dk dh i`"xgu i`"i`xgu BHkw BHkw ""xgu BHkw "BHkw BHkw BHkw fgh fv/;;u ev/;;u effv/;;u efl efleyxk;k ukja ukja ukja x,hfd;k xhvU; xhvU; xcfYd xdjuk hM; lk hM; hM; lk hM; lk lk lk lk mtkyk mtkyk fy, [kq [kq [kq y [kq y vkleku sizfo" svkleku vkleku dks dks dks dks dks ba,dVd ba,dVd fgks ba{kerk bafgks xr baesgks baxr fjgks fvkdkj xr fgks xr fa gks xr xr dj dj dj dj jgk jgk jgk jgk gSunh gSjg gS]jg gSjg gSkvkS gSkv/;;ukof/k vkS vkS jo`at jgt o`jrV o`aa t {dks o`t o`a {dks ds k"viu ds k"viu kviu ds ds ds vklikl vklikl dh dh dh dh i`Hv i`fv BHkw BHkw BHkw efvklkuh egh esr'vklkuh esvklkuh a uqy esgjs agjs agjs agjs gjs lq d cks lM; ftl dyk f'kYi y[kuÅ esjg ads Fksdsfl)gLr dyk esbl a bl Fkha vkS j eeeeeeels izfo"k; o`gSjrRoks {jadk a ksa dk i'kq a jtks dk fd;k FkkA fp=ks ajagij dk djs leukja lugha l lqeiwukja p p p p M; bl bl bl bl bl p= p= p= p= p= d dd dnsdtks e[; e[; e[; e[; o" o" o" ;;kyrk ;kyrk ;a ;ls gl gl gl gl gl d d dgSd d d ,dVd ,dVd ,dVd ,dVd ug ug ug jcM+ jjcM+ jcM+ jjjg jg ggSvkS gjgfo|kFkhZ gjgesij tt xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; xUrO; d d dd d d je"j"BHkw j"BHkw jdh jesesifjos jviu viu viu eLr eLr eLr eLr Hvuq jvuq jH[jjLikV** jjmM mM mM mM mM HuHls HAHHjHjjdykdkj jg jg jg jg gA gA gA gA gAgA bl bl bl p= p= p= p= p= l p M; ;gl gl d ,dVd ug viu dmldk eLr mM Hjizjjjg jjg jggA blp= p= viuh jkjxpp fl)gLrrk lsp= cM+ hva dke fd;k gSdj Adj cuk, j[krs gqukja ifjiz ;mtkyk dk Ud nj uyHkh x;k vkS ;g jaug xug ksjgk a jgk dh rktxh oi`o`tk{i`{kviu vkdkjks dh Li"Vrk@lw lsgjs laHHHHeqHjko gqmM v:i usbl d qeqekjfcYdq kjkjfr] cks cks lllldh ds ds fpfM+ fpfM+ ;:i ;dh ksa i`ij a ij ij vk/kkfjr la las{mtkyk ;bl kskst tle; uks uks a dks a]fy, dks dks nsd nse[; [tks [tks ksd ksdk;Z a rks a,oa rks rks eqsfd;k eqd [sxgu [o" fo"k; fo"k; vkdkj rks rks kv/;;ukof/k gSvkS ij i`{viu BHkw BHkw fvklikl fvklikl evklikl eesxUrO; vkS vkS vxz vxz kw"i`v kwf"ei`v fi`e"v esjviu esf{viu a eka lala resqyakeskqy ueLr ueLr ;fn lq;;lq;lqa]fo"k; dd qeÑ cks ds fpfM+ ;kksdh aksvkfn vk/kkfjr vU; lagSmtkyk ;Amtkyk ksbl t uks a lqp= [e[; ksckjhfd;ks ae[; eqo" [o" fo"k; dk vkdkj rks gSvkS "{kviu BHkw fvklikl eml jjjVj] vxz Hi`Hv kwv afviu laa fviu reesLpj] ua/kkjk,¡ gy nsnsnsrrnsrgSnsrsAgSgSsnsrgSAs nsrAsfp= gSAgSfp= aAgSfp= gy nsdj aArtk gy dj sfp= gSl lsls lsgy gy lsgy dj dj dj rAsgStk aAsfp= aAfp= s gSaAgSaAaAldrk aAa dk bl bl lsmues ls lsey[kuÅ gy gy dj dj nsnsugha nsra ugha rrfo|kFkhZ s slh[kk gSs gSgSfn[k aAaAfn[k aAfn[k lsbjpus lsb;gks lsbxr lsxr lsxr lslq gy gy gy gy gy gy dj dj dj dj dj dj nsusnsp nsqensrfd;k rnsrnsrgyu gSgv sgSfu;fer aAfu;fer susaAgSv aAusgSv aAesjaAusjusgSaAjusi)fr d j;gks rRoks amues dk xgu v/;;u djuk ry gSij fyy Ø;k esle jgh a jAo{ dks fl)gLr xqllll: tu cM+ h le; yxk;k gSLeqlq gS[;'[UQq tgk¡ bl bl ija ija ids ids jkd jkdd esjv esj>ks av av ^^xks ^^xks unh ds ij**] ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*obl a eka ;k^^fidfud ;k^^fidfud LikV** LikV** tkdj tkdj :i :i ls ls lq d qegSif{k;ks kjgSy l dyk f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ esv a mldk fo|kFkhZ Fksi"BH ml dyk viuh jcks hy, fl)gLrrk ls cM+ a fp=ks jacuk, ja'kk[kkvks xjaxjalsjaxls jaxlsxlsdk xdk dk dk dk dk izj[krs izgy izHgy izkko Hdj Hkko Hyxk;k Hkko kko kko dk dk dk dk eqeqizle; eqlq [eqn`eq[lq [];[U]nj ;nj ;tgk¡ fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; gaue[; galusfodkl] gafd;k l gav/;;u ga`fv/;;u llrllmu nwf'kYi nwo" nwjvkS nwjo" nwo" nwjjgks j;rhuks jgks gks gks ugks umlds usgl ugl sugl ugSgl sgSgl sgSds s{ds dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k dkj.k mues mues mues mues a gy aksrh agks a fMVs a fMVs fMVs fMVs y yy fn[k fn[k jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk gSa thou gSy gSa y ij gSkiwyij ij ij ij iqy, iqavkS iqHkh "y, iqi;Z "iqy, iks iq"iks "ftl "jiks "t iks iks at iks oa*at oa o[o[esouUgha uUgha uUgha uUgha fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ fpfM+ ;laa ;Hkalaguhla ;ku;Hu,oa ;kufckjhfd;ks ;HuHkko dks kfd;kA kdks kko dks dks dks dks jpus jpus jpus jpus esbl esij aesij esqaedj esdykdkj dykdkj adke dykdkj a dykdkj a kjdykdkj a dykdkj dykdkj cks lize[; as ds dks mrus gh ;unh ksrktxh xyokyh vkS jgks Us*axgu ra*t fuokZ dh ckjhfd;k¡ &Dd likV jaghxksa vklkuh esegj a gj aHizdj vkS V;fo"k; ,oa gok ds udj sy gypy] dk ][uUgha xek,¡ vkfn lqtfVyrkvks d kjs gsrgsgSij lqizdj d cks ftl ,oa egkfo|ky;] Fkst ml le; rhu eqd :i ls izjg Fkha jd e[; e[; o" o" o" ;x;k dkksd d v v v jd d jksjad d i"BH i"BH i"BH i"BH i"BH i"BH ey eesugha eds els eeugha ueugha uugha uurV urV ujx jx jx jx l≪lll mt mt mt mt mt mt y y, t t t[ks [{[le; [aizuUgha y yeka y y v v v v le le le le le umRiUu d d d d bv dj dj jg jg jg jg grs{gSv v o{ o{ o{ d dd v v v v v li li li li li l d i"BH i"BH i"BH i"BH gj gj gj ;gl d v jajad i"BH ujx jx mt y y v ud d bxr dj jo{ o{vkS v li gj dh rhu a]udyk izd Ñ fr] o`ds a dkj.k vkfn gh ugha cfYd if{k;ks dk fd;k a dykdkj esjg a gSggo`ok'k kusv dk djs Dd Vj] Vsedd Lpj] cuk, j[krs gqqegqj,gS,gSkj,gSAifRr;ks ifjiz ifjiz ;;dk dk dk U;;ks nj va va d d ugae[; fd;k x;k vkS vkS ;g xlsexd afMVs a a fMVs dh dh rktxh oi'kq ofn[k vkdkjks a dh dh Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw {eka d d u]v ufpfM+ lsle ls/kkjk,¡ ko gqbgqFkkA v v kxr kgSxr gSesd gSls Adj Adj dykdkj usususv cuk, j[krs gqkko ifjiz s{s{s{;ldrk dk va ue[; x;k vkS jdkj.k ;g xjadd kseuks aksrh dh rktxh ojx vkdkjks a^^bekeckM+ Li"Vrk@lw {[esmudk dmldh uv ls gq[bjpus kxr Adj ;fn lqe[; d qefd;k kjckny] ckso" l;;;gl ds fpfM+ ;;g ksjja jjij vk/kkfjr vU; lavkdkjks ksl uks a dh dks nsy, [y, ksadyk rks eqy [dh ;v/;;u fo"k; dk vkdkj rks cM+ kjg i`jj"a o{ BHkw fded vkS jli vxz Hll kwdfdd esi"BH a i"BH larqyeeeeeueeeeeeegj foLrkj [kM+ kkls gks lEiw kZaFkha 'vkS ;jvkS lk{kh cu gSdj Aevkfn bl ls gy sgA gSgA aAgSp= lsj. gy dj nsMVy rs ds aAequg izhcks d d `f`flckny] rl rckny] vkS vkS jle; jrhuks mlds mlds rRoks rRoks a ckjhfd;ks a ,oa dk dk xgu xgu v/;;u v/;;u djuk djuk gks ra d ra thou kke[; gSe[; gSe[; vkS vkS bl bl iz;v/;;u izgl fFksgl fFksØ;k Ø;k esgle; mRiUu gks gks jgh jgh tfVyrkvks fl)gLr xqHkh xqp :y tu cM+ cM+ hvkS vklkuh vklkuh lsmu gy rdy s vius gSddd aAdddd lq;ks lfl)gLrrk ftl ,oa egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ Fks ml dyk dh rhu eqgSug [ug ;dks izdk esi"i a DFkha Fkha cks cks lM; ususiSckjhfd;ks rhuks rhuks mrus mrus lq d qelq l ftl ,oa f'kYi ese[; a Hkh fo|kFkhZ Fksv/;;u le; dyk dh [ug ;eqdks :i lslsdh izmldk pckjhfd;k¡ esi"i ai"i vkS jhuUg lqd kjjizhcks cks ftl le; dyk ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ ajxgu Fksvkn'kZ ml dyk dh /kkjk,¡ ;:i ls yu jdk lqlq;ks lqd lqa]d qeizqeiwdkjizd qeiziwkjjÑ kjhjqecks kjlhfr] cks kjhfr] cks lcks luscks lftl ftl lmu ftl ftl ftl le; le; le; dyk dyk dyk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi f'kYi egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ esvkS aesafo|kFkhZ esi;Z afo|kFkhZ esjo" fo|kFkhZ afo|kFkhZ ao" fo|kFkhZ fo|kFkhZ Fksml Fksnj ml ml Fksnj ml ml ml dyk dyk dyk dh dh dh dh rhu rhu rhu rhu /kkjk,¡ /kkjk,¡ /kkjk,¡ equg equg [eqae/; [a ug [i)fr eqdjs ;[;djs [djs ;[if{k;ks ;:i ;n[ :i :i ls ls ls izdk izlsmldk izgp/kwizgpd izgpgyu izpyu yu p yu yu esi"i aesLpj] amldh Fkha es.vkS esa Fkha Fkha Fkha juUg vkS jgh juUg jfxjxek,¡ viuh viuh iwy iwkjqecks jiwkjÑ iwhqeÑ j;FkkFkZ jfl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk fl)gLrrk ls ls]{als{kks]cM+ ]kksdyk ]cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ hdyk hdyk hckjhfd;ks hhckjhfd;ks hckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks ckjhfd;ks a jblls ad lsd als ad aegkfo|ky;] ls lsegkfo|ky;] lsegkfo|ky;] dke dke dke dke dke dke fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k gSp= gSAy[kuÅ gSy;kRed AgSvkS gSy[kuÅ AAy[kuÅ Agks Aviuh vk;ke l`als fdj tr djuk] jsesHkh lkS Uhfd;kA n;Z dk fu:i.k] okrkoj.k a:i ,d l jiu Hpesppkko ndmu k jgk djuk iwesHkh jesa[fodkl] hfo|kFkhZ fl)gLrrk ]gle; ckjhfd;ks aarhu dke fd;k gS:i :i esle; als fd;k gSjx Ajx mudh d jkkvks {kerk gh ugha ]>ks v/;;ukof/k esqetfVyrkvks y[kuÅ ds ifjos 'dh vuq dks mrus gh euks ;ifRr;ks ksiH xiH lsoifjiz lh[kk jd Uo" r;a ;;;}kjk mudk fuokZ lq d kjrktxh usMVy &aFkha jalsls a ko viuh jjij h: ]izksplaap cM+ hvkfn gSuA ;;ksksxx ll jx jx jx jx d d d iH iH onsofd;k ooafd;k ori'kq gA gA gA gA p= p= d d e[; e[; e[; o" o" o" o" ;fd;k ;gl gl gl gl nj nj nj nj gesggSle; gfd;k gale; uafd;k ule; umRiUu ule; ugle; ududd d d dFkkA d ddyk j. j. j. j. mue mue mue mue MVy MVy n[ n[ n[ n[ n[ jg jg jg jg gp giwyu ij ij ij ij ij oaku on`jovkS ovkS ovkS od uUg uUg uUg p M; M; M; jpu jpu jpu edks edy dy dy dy jgh jgh jjjjuujuuueuks ueuks jx d iH odk p= d gl nj gcM+ d d mue n[ jg gyu ij i"i oHkhuk plM; M; jpu edke dy 'kk[kkvks af'kYi vkS Lp= Qq Vq'd ,oa gok dsls ksd adyk ls gks udh s rhu okyh ajg [ks Hkagh d qea eals kja eedks usnsdy n`fcYdq n`'viuh 'viuh 'viuh ;ks a]qed ckny] o`fpf=r o`ls kksa]dyk a cM+ avkfn vkfn vkfn gh gh ugha ugha cfYd cfYd i'kq &&;izp= if{k;ks if{k;ks dk dk xgu v/;;u fd;k FkkA fp=ks fp=ks als aesa rhu es/kkjk,¡ es/kkjk,¡ aMVy ao`MVy o`gypy] o`/kkjk,¡ {{ok'k dk dk DesAD:i Vj] Vj] mldk Vstu Vs]Desi"i Desi"i Lpj] Lpj] n`viuh a]d fr] o`le; 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lh[kk lh[kk lh[kk lh[kk vkS jt vkS juks jfe= thou ja le; j>ks thou thou thou i;Z i;Z i;Z Urrks Ucrmudk fuokZ fuokZ fuokZ glsdk;Z gdk gfd;kA fd;kA fd;kA lq d d lq d ed d qekjdk kj;qeviu kj;viu qe;cM+ kjjqeviu uskxviu kjusx{kerk uskviu usgSy ok'k i)fr i)fr i)fr i)fr i)fr dh dh dh dh ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ likV jadj xjafuokZ xrhu esa ksgd esds al esa sd esavius ad a nwd lselikV gy gSd cks lksi;Z l usrks usUcrequij**] rhuks rhuks rhuks afuokZ alfuokZ aldks mrus mrus gh gh euks euks euks kskjusviu kskxuskjks[ks lsy lsgSok'k lh[kk lh[kk vkS vkS jHka thou thou thou i;Z i;Z rU&efkwr&fdyk mudk mudk fuokZ fd;kA lqlq d dd qegA qegA qeHkh kjkjkjlsusvuq ususyfyr ok'k ok'k i)fr i)fr i)fr dh dh ckjhfd; xqeuks : ikfjokfjd vflr dq lh[kk tks vouhUnz uls kFk ds iz"l)gLrr el)gLrr q[ef]Hkhuk f'k";ks a vxz escM akwHcM ]jqe:i xq[d; :;dk cfYd eksesga Fkha udh yxk;k tk ]ds tgk¡ bl ija eslh[kk ^^xks rh unh ds ^^bekeckM+ *q'd; esgh ;k^^fidfud LikV** tkdj fu;fer ls vk;ke l` djuk] alalaesl }kjk dk esgA ,d /kw[ks jvkS izjckjhfd;k¡ iSfHkweU&kwcM k&fp=ks vkfn d kjjkkkvks cks ftl ,oa egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ esxgu a ij fo|kFkhZ ml le; :i izok'k vkSckjhfd; jckjhfd; viu ij ij ij ij ij ij l)gLrr l)gLrr l)gLrr l llkS cmudk jmu jf'kYi d; d; d; d; l l l d dokrkoj.k d d d egmrus evkdkj ed efd;kA d; d; d; d; d; gA gA gA gA ij l)gLrr cM d; l d evkdkj gA viu ij l)gLrr l)gLrr l l l l lkko lcM li;Z cM clikV c&likV jesFks&calikV jd jcalikV jlaogha l efd;kA efd;kA eaAeled; edjs d; ejseqd; d; gA gA gA gA gA yeuks :i a;lal)gLrr fpf=r fd;k mudh kyrk gh ugha ifjos 'd; kDlqd; epVsku ;fn ;fn ;fn ;fn ;fn ;fn lqllq lqlq lqld lq qeusavkS kjmu qels qekjlsmu qeusldrk kjmu kjjkjmu kjcks cks cks cks lcks l llrhuks ldj l ds ds fpfM+ ;aAmrus ;ksagh ksij ksgh aQq ij ksaQq ksv/;;u a y;kRed ij a ij ij vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr vU; vU; vU; lal)gLrr la ;l)gLrr la ;vkS ks;vkS ;kst;vkS t ksevkS ksjvkn'kZ t ksds uks t uks dks a>ks a>ks dks dks dks nsd nsllksns[i;Z nsl [nscks nscM [UcM ks[cM [kscM an;Z [cM rks aUrks ksri;Z aUksaUArrks arrks [mudk eqcsjmu [kjsjokyh ;[jmudk [okyh ;jfu:i.k] [mudk ;d; ;jd; ;gYnkj ;fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; fo"k; dk dk dk dk vkdkj vkdkj rks rks rks rks rks rks cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ kgS[ks gSkok'k gSlusok'k ij gSok'k ij ij ij i`ij i`ij i`ij "i`"i`l)gLrr BHkw i`vkS "BHkw "l)gLrr "BHkw BHkw BHkw BHkw fl)gLrr feHkadh fij efjFksdh efjekfv/;;ukof/k evkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jfd;k jckjhfd;k¡ jvxz jckjhfd;k¡ vxz jHckjhfd;k¡ vxz vxz vxz HcM HFkkA Hkwf,d HUcM kwnr&efclikV eflqc&elikV eslq esdjuk escad eslay[kuÅ la a ad; laqejdh a laqerd; qy qy uesxauksesl uxesksnsa l 'kk[kkvks 'kk[kkvks ad vkS jmu jcks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks adk dk dk izaAiz;ksL;fcYdq L;gh LaQq Veuks Vn`gh uu'euks ,oa gok gok dsds ksdyk a cks als ls lslagSkscM gks gks ueqecmudk u[eqrlscmu okyh gypy] gypy] if{k;ks if{k;ks aqevkS aqdk dk y ]ok'k ]lh[kk mldh mldh Hka fxek,¡ fvkS xek,¡ xek,¡ vkfn vkfn lqesmudk 'kk[kkvks alusqed ifRr;ks a fpfM+ Vij ueuks ,oa gok dld aksi;Z gks sequgha gypy] if{k;ks aagA ]jiu mldh vkfn d kjrlad; usud; ;ks a]lqviu izviu Ñqe[ivU; fr] ckny] o`uksauksuks {a dks kksa dks al vkfn gh cfYd i'kq &vkdkj Hkh v/;;u ajkjrd; esrd; a uususluo`l {l k/kkjk,¡ dk Vj] mldk Dyu Lpj] vk;ke tr djuk] y;kRed jsva afd;k }kjk vkn'kZ Un;Z dk okrkoj.k esunh a vkS /kw/kwLi"Vrk@lw l vkS jvkS Hkhuk Hizds iSaxznwgqaiSgqiSn;k^^fidfud ngqiSkvk;ke vkfn vius vk;ke l` tr jsva a blls vkn'kZ UvkS dk fu:i.k] es]Fksjgh a v/;;ukof/k ,d lLi"Vrk@lw j&y[kuÅ Hkhuk Hds iSkko djuk vkfn l` djuk] y;kRed jskkvks [cks kkvks a erU}kjk vkn'kZ lkS U;g fu:i.k] okrkoj.k ,d j]likV Hkhuk izkko Hko kko iSE; n[kcM+ vkfn vius vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke vk;ke l`lq l`fl` fvkS l` fl`,gq;fgqtr f,ksx,f:i tr djuk] djuk] djuk] y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed js[ls js[va [va jsdyk [va [ukkvks jskkvks kkvks jsA[ud kkvks [uAldrk kkvks kkvks a }kjk afd;k }kjk }kjk }kjk vkn'kZ vkn'kZ vkn'kZ vkn'kZ lkS Un;Z lkS Un;Z Uq'fd;kA n;Z n;Z dk dk fu:i.k] fu:i.k] fu:i.k] fu:i.k] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k es]gy av/;;ukof/k esdh ,d a a,d esdh af'k";ks ,d ,d /kwHLi"Vrk@lw /kwle; llckjhfd;k¡ /kwjiu l/kwjiu jiu ljiu lgSjiu jiu jiu vkS j&vkS jeka jlikV Hkhuk Hkhuk jdud jHkhuk Hkhuk Hksla izmu kko kko Hesifjos Hesko kko nv iSjsvk;ke nkdjuk djuk nkdjuk djuk djuk vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vius vius egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds Hkh ]esFks dk iz/kwthou kko lqn[ d qevkS cks l n`dk 'hdjuk ;ks a rjdykdkj a cM fn[krk gSij tks dPps a a vxH jeeeels&>ks ;lkS a xlkS lsizi)fr dj nsks/kw aA,d l` l` l` fl` l`tr frvklkuh tr fvuq tr fcM ftr tr djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] djuk] y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed y;kRed jseedkuks jss v js[v jsgS[v [v js[vkfn jsv kkvks [kkvks [jkkvks kkvks avkS }kjk a }kjk }kjk a }kjk }kjk vkn'kZ lkS lkS UlkS UksUn;Z Un;Z Un;Z n;Z dk dk dk dk dkfu: fu fu fuf ksksa adks dks dksfcYdq mrus mrus mrus gh gh gh euks euks ;gqtr ksjx,kjtr xkjdjuk] lsifjiz lscks lscks lh[kk vkS vkS vkS jUfd;k jUfd;k thou thou thou Uadyk Ufd;k ra }kjk ra j}kjk mudk mudk fuokZ fuokZ glh[kk gd g;g fd;kA fd;kA lq lq lq d dijv d qe{kerk qerktxh qe{kerk kj/kj/f'k{kd kjes/aks/okrkoj.k usokrkoj.k ok'k ok'k i)fr i)fr dh dh dh ckjhfd;k¡ ckjhfd;k¡ jaizls jaxmuds xo" xHla/kkjk,¡ kslao" aHHkko izfcYdq d `fvk;ke rvk;ke vkS jl`euks rRoks dk xgu v/;;u djuk gks gSdk;Z vkS jjp izjadk es;rktxh gks tfVyrkvks adyk dks fl)gLr lsusij dj xqj[krs : ikfjokfjd fe= vflr dq kjf'kYi gYnkj lslkS tks uesjr kFk ds ees]l; q[Fks kaatu aljiu a i;Z Fks ogha l cfYd eks gHkai"BH ufvkS uslde mu a lkS dks euks x/mRiUu lsaojr lh[kk j>ks ravkS mudk fd;kA lq d qls etr kjcM ok'k likV jakslkS a n;Z esUn;Z a dk lq d qe,ksqetr la;s{lh[kk dyk ,oa f'kYi y[kuÅ ajr fo|kFkhZ fo|kFkhZ ml ml le; dyk dh dh [vk;ke ;v ;kgSkd ls izcM izecM p pusvius yu esgy esij ay;kRed a i)fr Fkha Fkha vkSenseejejdh yxk;k tk gSmudk ]vkn'kZ tgk¡ bl v/;;u jkv ^^xks evkdkjks rh ds ij**] s*/kkjk,¡ LikV** ij tkdj :i cuk, cuk, cuk, cuk, cuk, cuk, j[krs j[krs j[krs j[krs j[krs gqfmlds gqfd ,;gqtr ifjiz ifjiz ifjiz ifjiz ifjiz s{djuk] s{esl s{;a s{fpf=r ;y;kRed ;ftl dk ;ftl dk dk dk dk dk lq lq lqle; lqUle; lqUjlq nj nj Unj Unj nj nj d va unlui;Z una blls fd;k fd;k x;k x;k gSlfuokZ gSllkS vkS gSla lkS vkS vkS vkS vkS jUlkS jn;Z jUn;Z jn;Z ;g ;g jadk jaM; xjadk xVjaM; xgh jaksdk xfu:i.k] ksy[kuÅ dh ksØ;k afu:i.k] dh ksija avkS ksvouhUnz adh a,oa dh dh dh rktxh rktxh rktxh ook'k ogh ovU; ovU; ovkdkjks vkdkjks vkdkjks vkdkjks vkdkjks aaesv/;;ukof/k a,d a,d dh aadh dh dh Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw Li"Vrk@lw {eka eka d eka d d d ue[; uHkhuk urhu urhu lsulsgypy] lsizlsjaizds lso" laizfuokZ la Hxqkko laks;a*izifjos H: ko ko v gqeqvk;ke gqeqkvk;ke kdk kd kkddjuk gSd A: gSd AgSdagS:i A:i Adykdkj Adk AHkh usgku usgyu usgvius usgusgvius fcYdq y y ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ :i :i eslh[kk a as{;fpf=r fpf=r mudh mudh dk;Z d q'p kyrk kyrk vkS jv {kerk gh ugha ugha esvkS aeka 'gqvk;ke 'iSknv kv kv Hkh vuq evius eyfyr ku y ;FkkFkZ esdjuk] fd;k gSd blls mudh dk;Z 'mrus kyrk jij gh ugha esvkS ds 'nd kkv ku ;;gSd ;gSd ;;d ;Atks ni;Z nfd;k n,oa lde lde lde lde jx;k jx;k jx;k jx;k jrhuks cjcrcjcgSckcgSegkfo|ky;] legkfo|ky;] l d d d djdd p;g pbl M; M; M; M; M; ij ij ij ij ij ij v v v /rktxh jr jr vU; vU; vU; vU; l; l; l; l; l; tu tu tu tu tu d d daddrdls n[ n[ n[ n[ r{eka r{&kjry[kuÅ e[; e[; e[; e[; e[; e[; o" o" o" o" ;Haes;ifjos ;H;Hesko ;gako d dd ddd vkgSxqdk jHkh jgh jdykdkj jl` jdykdkj rjdykdkj rdykdkj rfesrvuq cM cM gmldh ij ij ij i"BH i"BH i"BH i"BH i"BH i"BH erfu;fer ev v jaAckjhfd;k¡ jkkvks jjkkvks vxH jvxH vxH vxH vxH evkn'kZ evkn'kZ ekjevkn'kZ eivkn'kZ eelryu lryu lryu lryu lryu ;uni;Z nlde lde cgSl l p v /ausesusjr jr vU; l; tu dess n[ n[ rlikV ;atu d r[ks gij jvxH efM+ lryu 'kk[kkvks vkS ifRr;ks dk izqp Lp;g Qq uksxa xfa vkS fodkl] gok ds drV gks ues{a Ur{r^^bekeckM+ sr{y[kuÅ okyh if{k;ks y ]djuk] xek,¡ lqa }kjk deqvkn'kZ uslryu ikfjokfjd fe= dq edqegh gYnkj lsa tr tks vouhUnz ugSij**] kFk ds izaizv/;;u emudk esaesaesaa ;k^^fidfud ,d Fkskkd` ogha muds nwdk l jsnwljsjsdjs xqtfVyrkvks yfyr eks g&geks uglikV : vkS jizizjvkS ikfjokfjd fe= egh kjdq ls lh[kk tks vouhUnz ds erv/;;u a a esesa esgakko ,d Fks ]n`fp=ks nwok'k l jsnwldjs : cfYd yfyr ueks xq: vflr kjeuks gYnkj ls lh[kk tks vouhUnz u[kFk ds kf'k";ks f'k";ks a ,d ];ks muds jsdj xqD:Vj] cfYd yfyr xq'xq;ks xq;ks : xq: : : jÑ vkS jcks jfr] ikfjokfjd ikfjokfjd jfr] jfr] ikfjokfjd ikfjokfjd fe= fe= vflr vflr dq dq dq edq ekjty] kjeugha kjugha eugha kjugha egYnkj kjgYnkj gYnkj kjgYnkj gYnkj gYnkj ls^^xks ls^^xks lsi'kq lslh[kk ls lh[kk lh[kk tks tks tks tks vouhUnz vouhUnz vouhUnz vouhUnz uukFk uaAxgu kFk uxgu kFk ukFk kFk kFk ds ds ds ds izv/;;u emudk izeq[izq[ecks q[gSkeq[kekq[kf'k";ks q[lf'k";ks kvkS q[f'k";ks kf'k";ks kfd;k aizes;k^^fidfud afd;kA esU,d a,d esn;Z a,d a ,d ,d Fksfp=ks Fksdk Fks]Fks]]eslq Fksfogha ogha ]ad ogha ogha muds nwdk nwdk nwlnwij ldjs lxqjstkdj ldjs xqtkdj xqtkdj js: xq:i jsD: xq: : cfYd : cfYd cfYd cfYd yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr eks eks eks gvkS ugugugujiuxqufM+ dk isj[ vkS y ja]v/;;u xvouhUnz aa dk esrV a Hkh cuk, x, gSizv/;;u aAized; mudk r;ks ao`d esamuds Li"V lsjfu;fer gSDLpj] Aeks yfyr eks izFgv ;gA y ,ds Mehjjjjjvius lsyxk;k gy dj nsjldrk rikfjokfjd s ckny] gSckny] aAckny] lsizvkS uÑ tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds Fkstks dk izlUnj HlUnj lq d kj}kjk ds xzFkkA 'Fksogha a{kerk dPps edkuks j&lseks >ks vk;ke fxra ^^xks y;kRed jsxgu kkvks okrkoj.k ,d /kw l Hkhuk HlH iSgv ngv kjkWHkhdjuk vkfn lsi&rh gy dj nsrV rlUnj s ukko cks l likfjokfjd usckny] usckny] rhuks rhuks dks dks mrus gh ;j[ ;esl`Lj[ lsg, lsg, lh[kk vkS vkS jds jksfd;k thou thou i;Z i;Z U^^bekeckM+ Uds rv/;;u rizqev/;;u fuokZ fuokZ fd;kA lq]jx qeogha qeesesd kjd ok'k i)fr i)fr dh likV ja;jagtu xl xlksull ksaifjos ksala izl esloZ escM+ alH a kko ls gy gy nsVj] nscfYd rjcfYd sfu;fer sfu;fer gSd aAd aAd izkksa vflr `fmrus r dq vkS jcu mlds rRoks alh[kk dk xgu gks kq[d; jx; ad mRiUu jgh ackjhfd;k¡ dks fl)gLr : vklkuh n`n`yxk;k n`'n`xq'n`xqn`';ks '': ;ks ;ks a];ks a]xq: a]a]vkS iza]vkS a]izvkS izvkS Ñ Ñ Ñ fr] Ñ fr] fr] ckny] o`fe= o`fe= o`{o`fe= o`{o`fe= kks{bl {kks{bl {bl kksavflr kksa vflr kksvflr vkfn vkfn a a vflr vkfn ad vkfn vkfn vkfn gh gh gh gh gh ugha ugha cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd i'kq i'kq i'kq i'kq i'kq &ilh[kk if{k;ks &Hkh &rSji{; if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks ads ad dk ad dk ad ad dk dk dk Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh xgu xgu xgu fd;k fd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA FkkA fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks es]a ogha esa ad esad esd a muds esd a kjmuds o`aLikV** aLikV** o`a {muds o`fn[krk {uskmuds {gks ktx dk kgh dk ktx dk Vj] Dxqv D: Vj] Vj] Vj] mldk mldk mldk VsLi"Vr Vsyfyr VsD:i VsDVs:i Vs:i Da Lpj] DDvkS Lpj] Lpj] Lpj] tk tk ldrk gSmu tgk¡ tgk¡ v/;;u v/;;u ija ija jkj[ esesrksrksVy unh unh ds rV ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*f'k";ks s*izfd;k *fd;k *bl aesav ij lsg@l{e yxk;k tk ldrk gSgSmu ]]]tgk¡ v/;;u ija a xrf'k{kd elh[kk rh unh ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*f'k";ks LikV** ij ls@l{e cu cu cu cu ,,ieuks ,,i,icfYd ,jkj[ j[ r:i rg, g, g, ielh[kk i&jiarh ji{; ji{; ji{; ji{; ji{; d d d lUnj lUnj lUnj lUnj vdu vdu vdu vdu vdu d; d; d; d; x; x; x; x; x; x; ggesHmu ggd ggglkS v v v v jfFkkA jeqFkkA jkØ;k jE; j;g j[;g ;g ;g ;g jx jx jx jx jx ro`r{o`arkr{usrHkh r{ls tx tx tx ogSoodjs oodjs odj v v v v v d d d d ddesrd jmldk ja dh jmldk jgSmldk d d dckjhfd;k¡ Li"Vr Li"Vr Li"Vr Li"Vr Li"Vr @l{e @l{e @l{e @l{e du du du du du du l lH lH lH lH gv gv gv gA gA gA gA gA dy dy dy dy dy dy ujuujuuuu cu ,jkj[ rg, g, i&if{k;ks ji{; vdu d;vkn'kZ gv v j;g ;g jx rktx tx oDtks jfn[krk d Li"Vr @l{e du lH oke gv gA fcYdq ycu ;FkkFkZ esiedjuk] fpf=r gSdjuk Avdu blls mudh dk;Z q';k^^fidfud kyrk vkS jfu:i.k] ugha ]Dv v/;;ukof/k esjiu aLpj] y[kuÅ ds 'oohokooogh dk vuq edy kuddddddd ls u tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds f'k{kd Hkh Fks ] dk iz H kko lq d q e kj cks l ds mu xz k E; n` ' ;ks a es a fn[krk gS tks dPps edkuks a vkS j >ks i fM+ ; ks a ls u tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds f'k{kd Hkh Fks ] dk iz H kko lq d q e kj cks l ds mu xz k E; n` ' ;ks a es a fn[krk gS tks dPps edkuks a vkS j >ks i fM+ ; ks a ls u tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds f'k{kd Hkh Fks ] dk iz H kko lq d q e kj cks l ds mu xz k E; n` ' ;ks es a fn[krk gS tks dPps edkuks a vkS j >ks i fM+ ; ks a ls ls ls u u ls u ls tks u tks u tks tks tks dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds ds ds ds f'k{kd ds f'k{kd f'k{kd f'k{kd f'k{kd Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Fks Fks Fks ] ] Fks ] Fks dk dk ] dk ] dk dk iz iz iz H H iz H kko iz kko kko H H kko kko lq lq lq d d lq d lq q e q e d d q e kj kj q e kj q e kj cks cks cks l cks l cks l l ds l ds ds ds mu ds mu mu mu mu xz xz xz k k E; xz E; k xz E; k k E; E; n` n` n` ' ' n` ' ;ks n` ;ks ' ;ks ' a ;ks a ;ks es a es es a a es fn[krk a fn[krk es fn[krk a a fn[krk fn[krk gS gS gS tks gS tks gS tks tks tks dPps dPps dPps dPps dPps edkuks edkuks edkuks edkuks edkuks a a vkS a vkS vkS a vkS j vkS j j >ks >ks j >ks j i >ks i >ks i fM+ fM+ i fM+ i fM+ ; ; fM+ ; ks ks a ; a ks ; a ks ks a a ¼fnYyh½] /khjs U nz d` " .k ns o oekZ ¼'kka f r fuds r u½ {j.knk pj.k mdhy vkS j lq / kka ' kq 'ks [ kj pkS / kjh ¼dks y dkrk½ ds lkFk} ¼fnYyh½] /khjs U nz d` " .k ns o oekZ ¼'kka f r fuds r u½ dh Qs y ks f 'ki ij rFkk nq c kjk ^ba f M;k gkml] ya n u* dks fpf=r djus {j.knk pj.k mdhy d Qy ' i ij rF nc j ^b M; g ml ynu* d p =r dju {j. n pj. md y dh Qs y ks f 'ki ij rFkk nq c kjk ^ba f M;k gkml] ya n u* dks fpf=r djus {j.knk pj.k mdhy dk ty] is L Vy vkS j rS y ja x ks a es a cuk, x, gS A a mudk eq [ kkd` f r;ks a es a Hkh Li"V :i ls A yfyr eks g u loZ i z F ke jkW ; y ,ds M eh xq : vkS j ikfjokfjd fe= vflr dq kj gYnkj ls lh[kk tks vouhUnz u kFk ds iz e q [ k f'k";ks es a ,d Fks ] ogha muds nw l js xq : cfYd yfyr eks u a esa , }kjkiz'kk[kkvks vkn'kZ lkS U n;Z dk fu:i.k] okrkoj.k es a ,d /kw l jiu vkS j Hkhuk iz H kko iS n k djuk vkfn vius xq : vkS j ikfjokfjd fe= vflr dq e kj gYnkj ls lh[kk tks vouhUnz u kFk ds iz e q [ k gf'k";ks vk;ke vk;ke l` l` f f tr tr djuk] djuk] y;kRed y;kRed js js [ [ kkvks kkvks a a }kjk }kjk vkn'kZ vkn'kZ lkS lkS U U n;Z n;Z dk dk fu:i.k] fu:i.k] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k es es a a ,d ,d /kw /kw l l jiu jiu vkS vkS j j Hkhuk Hkhuk iz iz H H kko kko iS iS n n k k djuk djuk vkfn vkfn vius vius gy nsn'; rfodkl] s fodkl] gSldrk aAiÑ ls gy dj ra{;{dk srV aAdad 'kk[kkvks 'kk[kkvks a cks a jvkS a ajvkS ajavkS vkS vkS jmlds jjftl jjifRr;ks jifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks ifRr;ks a a dk a dk dk dk izxgu izxgu izxgu Lls izLizizQq LLQq LLQq Qq Qq VQq Vv/;;u Vuv/;;u Vuv/;;u VVuuf'kYi udj u,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa fodkl] fodkl] fodkl] fodkl] gok ds ds ds ds dsny >ks >ks d >ks d d d ksdd kso{ a v/;;u a kskslsa izksals ls lsv gks gks gks ungks unnuns unsugunokyh gypy] gypy] gypy] if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks if{k;ks a ds a{ns{dk a{a{dk [ks [ks [ks y [ks yd yy]yHy ]Hfl)gLr ]fl)gLr mldh mldh mldh Hkav/;;u Hkaxqv/;;u Hkafv/;;u Hkaxqv/;;u fHkaxqxek,¡ xek,¡ ff:xek,¡ f:xek,¡ fxek,¡ xek,¡ vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn lqgh lq d lq d d qeAAqekjqeAp= qekjp= qep= kjp= kjp= kjp= kjusp= usjusLikV** usususeeels izlqiz'kk[kkvks d'kk[kkvks d`f`fr`fqerrkjvkS vkS vkS mlds rRoks rRoks a a dk a dk dk djuk djuk k]ckccgScgSctgk¡ gScdsny vkS vkS j>ks j>ks bl bl izv fgks Ø;k Ø;k agokyh a ug mRiUu mRiUu gks jgh jgh tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks ad ad dks dks cM+ cM+ hhghgh d'kk[kkvks mlds rRoks djuk gksgks rrgok krgok vkS j>ks bl fv Ø;k essgsokyh jgh tfVyrkvks dks : tu cM+ hd; gy dj nsdjDVj rdjDVj s gSfu;fer aA mld lvkS le; dyk ,oa egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ esksaizals a fls fo|kFkhZ Fksug ml dyk dh rhu /kkjk,¡ eqxgu [xgu ;Hkav/;;u :i lstu p yu eslq vkS n'; n'; n'; n'; n'; n'; iÑ iÑ iÑ iÑ iÑ rgks rgok rgok ny ny ny ny o{ o{ o{ o{ o{ o{ v v v ngks gessgessokyh gokyh ga okyh ug ug ug ca gypy] cgypy] c^^xks ccgks cle; Yd Yd Yd Yd Yd Yd i' i' i' i' i' i' &i &i &i &i &i &i ;dk ;dk ;gS;[ks d d H]H]fl)gLr Hmldh H]mldh xgu xgu xgu xgu xgu v/;;u d; d; d; d; d; FFlq Flq Fd Fa vklkuh FFkha Avklkuh Aqed Ad eeeeo{ o{ o{ o{ o{ o{ dddtkdj dddjDVj djDVj djDVj djDVj mld mld mld mld mld VDLpj VDLpj VDLpj VDLpj VDLpj iÑ cny v ug cgks i' &i {;dk ;[ks Hmldh v/;;u FAvklkuh o{ djDVj mld VDLpj yxk;k tk gSrgok bl ija imRiUu jkug esgypy] eYd rh unh ij**] ^^bekeckM+ s*tu * izesvkfn a d; ;k^^fidfud ijdd :iVDLpj ls dh Qs y kskdk ffn[krk 'ki nqyfyr u* djus {j.knk pj.k mdhy dk vkS y anqksfd;k x, gSgSdyk izdk;Z kko eqq'.k fvkS a {kerk es{kerk Li"V lsq[]'ls eks gl ugds loZ i'igkml] zF'inwkzFns'ike jkWke MesrMeMku eh dk ty] is;FkkFkZ LrLisrLsisVy vkS rSja rSfpf=r y jajayjaxy a fd;k x, gS'x, izdk;Z eqkko [kyrk kkd` r;ks a r;ks esa {kerk a esa Hkh Li"V ls gSxzesgSes'gSgSrFkk yfyr eks g^ba loZ i'd ;jkW;ya y ,ds eh dk ty] Vy ja rSa rSfpf=r rSy x, Hd` kko [kkd` kkd` a klkFk} Li"V :i fn[krk gSA,d Ayfyr yfyr eks uds loZ ke ;ny;izvuq ,ds Mku dk dk dk dk ty] ty] ty] isr: isQs LVy LVy Vy isgSLvkS Vy LksaAaA:i Vy vkS vkS vkS jaesvkS jesa ij ja fpf=r rSjfpf=r y rSyrSy jaxxjaxksjaksxanfd;k jaksxfe= jaesfe= a xa esksufd;k esxksca esfd;k ksesa kscuk, aeskjk a;cuk, escuk, avkS cuk, esa cuk, a cuk, cuk, x, x, x, x, gSkqgkml] aAgSaAjs'ks gSmudh gSaAmudk mudk aA[mudk aAkkamudk mudk izizHds Hizkko Hlsd kko izkko kko Hq'd Hd kko eqq'kyrk eqkyrk eq[dj [eqfpf=r eqnsr[kkd` eqy kkd` [okkd` [tks kkd` foekZ fvkS r;ks fjvouhUnz r;ks f{kerk fjr;ks a¼'kka esds a esds aesizaa Hkh esHkh aij Hkh esf'k{kd Hkh Hkh Li"V Li"V Li"V Li"V Li"V :i :i :i ls lsltho fn[krk ls fn[krk fn[krk Aayfyr gSy[kuÅ Ayfyr Akkan`[y[kuÅ yfyr eks eks eks eks gkjh eks ufisgifjos umuds gmuds ud` gaVl) loZ uloZ loZ loZ izFdykdkj zFxz'kke ikl zke Fdkrk½ ke izFk&kdk ke zFdk zFjkWlikV ke jkWxqjkWxqHkh ;jkW: ;Hkh jkWHkh ;y jkWy y ;y y ,ds ,ds ,ds ,ds Mku eh eh Mfpf=r eh Meheh ehru½ }rFkk ya x, FksAgSls ]M;k ogk¡ [mudh dmudk upkS izd fi;Z l) dykdkj s-a Hkh lj fofy;e Ffn[krk ksusalHij Vkbu ls izcu]fkjk 'k{k.k kkav kjh ¼dks dkrk½ yal ugo x, ]> ogk¡ d ds izds fds k,ds s-y fofy;e jksggHFuHuHHksdPps Vkbu ls v l/ 'jksf'k";ks jd yd rM;k ½ugy vkS /¼fnYyh½] ¼dks fgh rod fuds rgS]:i u½ {j.knk pj.k Ugy nzugks "gy .kloZ ¼'kka fuds dh f:i 'ki ^ba ya nRr; {j.knk pj.k ls u[A'flq tks y[kuÅ kko mu E; ;ks eslj gSeks jlde >ksds pydj brus kaAgSl ay dks fd;k xq;FkkFkZ jVy j:i ikfjokfjd ikfjokfjd dq dq eaAmudh eaAgSv kjmudk kjaAmudk lsizHd lh[kk lh[kk tks vouhUnz ua od uHkh kFk kFk iznv/;;ukof/k iz]:i ev/;;ukof/k eFks q[d kls f'k";ks a kkad ap ogha ogha nwdj cfYd yfyr ls u,es,,edkuks dyk egkfo|ky; fcYdq fcYdq fcYdq fcYdq fcYdq y yty] yty] ydj y y ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ ;FkkFkZ :i esvkS esjjvkS esmrus esfpf=r fpf=r gSr'a gS'cuk, blls blls mudh mudh mudh d q'dks q'"kyrk q'd kyrk kyrk vkS vkS vkS vkS jr;ks jgSjr;ks jdjus {kerk gh gh gh gh ugha ugha ugha ugha ]:i ]:i ]go v/;;ukof/k ]go v/;;ukof/k v/;;ukof/k v/;;ukof/k esAl eskqaA/E; eslq esjsaFks,d esgSy[kuÅ ayfyr ds ds ds ifjos ifjos ifjos ifjos ifjos 'ky dk kodk vuq vuq elkFk} eksdks eMfeqku ls lsfcYdq gy gy dj nsisns: sgSisy s vkS gS:i ls gy dj nsxq;FkkFkZ aAL:i cks ldk usty] mu rhuks dks gh ks`fvflr xvflr lh[kk vkS U[iLQVu mudk fuokZ ggh fd;kA lq qeeslsfn[krk kjadjfn[krk ok'k i)fr dh ckjhfd;k¡ jad xdks a,ds ls/nzHizu* gy nsfkkd` rr;ks s ffpUgks aA{kerk ls ls ls ls gy gy dj dj dj nsiFinsoekZ s ;: gS{;s/kkjk,¡ gS;s ;'gS;aAvuq gSaA;ds aAcfYd aAvuq 'jgS'AgS'l 'gSvkS [Ablls [A¼fnYyh½] [A[blls [/blls v v v vv v v v v v jjgYnkj jgYnkj jkjjegkfo|ky; ji/khjs ijiidk;Z idk;Z ithou Rr; Rr; Rr; Rr; Rr; d d d iLQVu iLQVu iLQVu iLQVu iLQVu ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o od od od od lrugha lugha l lds lds go go go d d d dd d >Fksfo|kFkhZ >>[>iz>lq d ll l l g[ajgd ga y[kuÅ gy[kuÅ gml gua uqegu¼d u'FkskjuFksukj;ks ouoo]/khjs opkS oocks yyds y/y gypy gypy gypy gypy gypy gypy iiFkkA ijsnsdk ijsdk {rnsHkh {ir{{}r{s rHkh ;{n`Hkh d dvuq d dad [e[eaku [fl)gLr [fn[krk [ku [ay y mld mld mld mld mld mld HHalyu xe xe xe xe xe ,,tks v v v v v nnvklkuh nfna n'k{k.k nvkS lde lde lde lde lde jjijjjjufM+ ujuuuu;u ksa y[ku [v v idk;Z Rr; d iLQVu ,o od go >dd l'ks oy gypy d [yyfyr mld Hxe xe vizvkS izmdhy jblls mlds rRoks a Udk;Z dk xgu v/;;u djuk gks kjlHkh vkS jmdhy bl izd fd Ø;k esy[kuÅ mRiUu jgh tfVyrkvks xqtks :izptu cM+ gh lqdeuks qefd;k kjd cks ftl le; dyk ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ le; dyk dh rhu ;yyyy:i lseks a,h,v Fkha jnlde vkS 'a ;k^^fidfud kqfM;k [E; kjgkml] pkS y ds lkFk} /khjs Ukjh .k.k nsns.knsdkrk½ onsfpf=r ¼'kka rfa rij u½ dh Qs y ij nqkjnqnqucbl cnqcbl kjk ^ba f[M;k M;k gkml] nya u* dks fpf=r {j.knk pj.k mdhy /khjs U/khjs nzUa ya "Hf"d`.k otkdj ¼'kka fVkbu fuds rrizlsd dh Qs y ksyfksls fkslsFksftr ij rFkk nqegkfo|ky; kjk ^ba f^ba gkml] yaesyaya u* fpf=r djus {j.knk pj.k mdhy /khjs Unnzd` "dks .knsij nsofpf=r ofy;k oekZ f{j.knk rffuds fuds ru½ ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] /khjs /khjs Unzka LikV** nzUnzesLikV** U¼dks d` nzu* d` "a'k{k.k "d` d` "fofy;e .k .k "ij "ij .k otkdj nsgSotkdj nsoekZ ooekZ oekZ otks oekZ oekZ ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka rf{j.knk r{j.knk ffuds r:i fuds rpydj fuds fuds fuds rru½ rHu½ r'k{k.k u½ u½ u½ Qs y ks'ki fldrk nqcpkS ckjk fM;k M;k gkml] dks {j.knk pj.k mdhy dh dh dh dh Qs QsQs ytk Qs ytk Qs ks'ki y fj'ki fy ks'ki fu]ldrk ks'ki fogk¡ f'ki 'ki ij ij rFkk rFkk nqcbl nqbl kjk ckjk c/kjk kjk kjk ^ba ^ba ^ba f^ba f¼dks M;k ^ba M;k flkFk ffM;k M;k gkml] gkml] gkml] gkml] ya ya nnya ya nf'k{kd u* nlkFk} u* nu* u* u* dks dks fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r fpf=r djus djus djus {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk pj.k pj.k pj.k pj.k mdhy mdhy fpUgks fpUgks a frfa ij pydj brus ltho ltho kkE; n`ivkus n`n`'zF''n`;ks ;ks;ks a ds a dks dksa;mijkUr isisa isaVfn[krk aVaV,ds fd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA dh dh dh Qs Qs Qs y y yvU; ksfij**] ksfkko 'ki fuogk¡ 'ki 'ki ij ij ij rFkk nqmdhy nqds cs*jlcs*mdhy c*mdhy kjk kjk ^ba ^ba ^ba f;k^^fidfud M;k M;k gkml] gkml] ya ya nUnzlj nad` u* u* dks dks fpf=r djus djus pj.k pj.k pj.k mdhy mdhy mdhy fpUgks ij brus ltho E; fd;k FkkA gh sal ]Fnu* erh vkS jfpf=r jp ksja=r ids ds uxjks akkarFkk ds Ýs L,d dks dh rduhd dk iznzd` Fkk ftldk y[kuÅ }yxk;k yayxk;k ndh udh x, kkatgk¡ d ds izkjh dykdkj izesan;F s-af'k{kd fofy;e jksdjus FrV ksdjus Vkbu ls^^bekeckM+ izbll frFkk vkS lqks'ki /djuk] kkaij 'dyk kq]jsgSrFkk [tgk¡ y dkrk½ ds ya u;p ]ksHcuk, jsd [bll izs*kjk f/d dykdkj iz/khjs jksoekZ Ffu;fer ksdjus al¼'kka ls ds dk ty] Vy vkS jefpf=r rSeunh xrV ksdjus adjus esal a d; x, gSd aAesumud mudk izes¼fnYyh½] H;d' kko eqE; [yr kkd` f/v r;ks Hkh :i ls fn[krk Aereu½ yfyr eks;d gksmu u&xziixzixzilikV ke uldrk tks tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds ds Hkh Hkh Fksp Fksds ]ds ]ds dk dk izFks izd; Hls kko lq^^bekeckM+ lqFksgA d qejqepj.k kj'k{k.k kjthou cks cks l ds mu xz'ks xzrhu krhu krhu n`fuokZ '/khjs 'v ;ks ;ks dPps edkuks jbrus >ks >ks iuÅ iuÅ fM+ fM+ ;ddd ksd a okil ad tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds dk iz¼'kka kko kjy[ cks l ds xzkE; kjo' E; 'dksd yxk;k tk tk gSij gSij gSij ]gSrFkk gS[rFkk ]'ks tgk¡ ]rFkk ]tgk¡ ]rFkk tgk¡ tgk¡ bl bl v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u ija ija ija ija ija iija igkml] ijki¶yks jkjkesdks esis;F agSesj;F es^^xks aL;F ^^xks a ^^xks ^^xks ^^xks edks e:i edks edks erh edks rh rh rh rh unh unh ds rV rV ij**] ij**] ij**] ij**] ij**] ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ ^^bekeckM+ s*ds s*dyk s*lqdyk esds *es*d aesl) a Ukkad es¼fnYyh½] ;k^^fidfud amu ;k^^fidfud af¼fnYyh½] ;k^^fidfud ;k^^fidfud LikV** LikV** ij ij tkdj tkdj tkdj fu;fer fu;fer fu;fer :i :i :i :i ls ls vk;ke l`tk y;kRed jsv/;;u kkvks acYdy }kjk U:i n;Z dk fu:i.k] okrkoj.k a nqmud /kwes¼fnYyh½] l jiu vkS jn`/kkjk,¡ Hkhuk ngSls koekZ djuk vkfn cYdy cYdy cYdy cYdy cYdy ;F ;F F^^xks FFlj FFjkslkS :i :i :i eunh eeuks eunh eunh p;wp p =r =r d; d; d; d; gA gA gA gA bll bll bll bll mud mud mud mud d d d ;d' ;d' ;d' ;d' ;d' yr yr yr yr yr v v v v jHkh jLikV** jjess-LikV** er {es[fn[krk er er ggij glqgiSgLi"V gHkh ug ug ug ug v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u oovius o:i opydj ovkS olq/vkS ///izals /ja gS/vkS ejvkS ejfls eqels ekko y[ y[ y[ y[ uÅ uÅ uÅ uÅ d iiloZ jo' jo' jo' jo' d HjkWa HesHdks HHHa Hesy vue vue vue vue vue vue uuMuuuueh cYdy F:i :i eny p =r d; gA bll mud ;d' yr {er er gd ug v/;;u o/vkS ejy[ y[ uÅ ijo' jo' vue ugS tks dP lsl) gy dj nsjkiijka jkrvkn'kZ s ;F Aa kmrus cks l,oa usf'kYi muy[kuÅ rhuks gh ksesds=r xx, lsfo|kFkhZ lh[kk vkS i;Z ra d mudk gv qug eug usdPps ok'k i)fr dh ckjhfd;k¡ jadd xdd a ;ks lq lqyxk;k ddqeqeqekjkjkjtk cks cks lldrk lldrk ftl ftl le; le; dyk dyk ,oa f'kYi f'kYi egkfo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ y[kuÅ es=r es=r afo|kFkhZ a rV fo|kFkhZ FksgA ml ml le; le; dh dh /kkjk,¡ eqj{f'k{kd ;er ;kko :i :i ls ls izkjizp]pfu;fer pfu;fer yu yu aFkha a Fkha Fkha lqyxk;k dyxk;k cks lldrk ftl le; dyk ,oa egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ a rV Fks^^bekeckM+ ml le; dyk dh /kkjk,¡ eqjj{eq{fd;kA [{iza {[fn[krk ;er :i izFkstks yu esesHesaedkuks vkS jvkS /vkS 'jkka'/mlds kq'kkamlds pkS /pkS kjh ¼dks dkrk½ dsdk lkFk} ya uya x, Fksmdhy jskkajseq[kkacks ud izlsgks kizdPps fofy;e F: kstu al izls fizikq'k{k.k j`rfvkS /lkFk 'ks pkS /pkS kjh ¼dks y upj.k x, Fksmdhy ukkamRiUu izpkS fUesafgks dykdkj kQs s-a ls fofy;e jksjksu½ Vkbu jlqjlq lq/jkkaikfjokfjd 'kqkkagh kjfe= /jksvflr y dslkFk} npj.k uvkS x, Fks]d kkamRiUu ukjds fkjh l) dykdkj kas-lj s-klj lj fofy;e jksksnqltho Feks ksal alVkbu Vkbu lskka/izgh iz'k{k.k 'k{k.k ds vkS vkS vkS jvkS jlqjrlq jvkS jlq /jlqkkadk kka/lqdk /mlds kqmlds 'kq'ks 'ks 'kq'ks kq['kskq['ks[¶yks ['kskj'ks [kjrRoks kj[kjrRoks [rRoks kjisrRoks [isrRoks kjjpkS kjLsalpkS kjh kjh kjh /kjh /xgu kjh kjh ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks y yydkrk½ yv/;;u dkrk½ yy dkrk½ dkrk½ ds ds ds lkFk} dslkFk} lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} ya yanya nds ngSya ntks uqevkS numudk x, x, x, x, x, Fksbl Fks]kjk ]dh Fksizogk¡ ]jFksogk¡ ]izkko ogk¡ ]kko ogk¡ ogk¡ jseqkka['[jsxzes['dsjskka[xz'es[[kkakqjsleskka[kkqaesd kkajskqkE; [ad kkamRiUu d [aizd kkae[mRiUu udk ufn`q[ds ds ds izadsizaya iz/Uesl) fgks fU/nzl) iznl) fa nzkjh l) fgy fjgh l) l) dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj izFkk izdPps kFks s-aa¼'kka izs-djus klj izij kmuds s-ftUgks s-pydj lj lj fofy;e fofy;e fofy;e fofy;e jksxqjksj: F: F:>ks jksalltho ksFcfYd jkskstu altu alkstu FivkS FiVkbu ksvkS Vkbu alvkS Vkbu alvkS Vkbu Vkbu ls ls f'kqvklkuh 'k{k.k iz'ks f;ks izvkus f;ks ds ds vkS vkS jqefizØ;k lqØ;k lq /¼fnYyh½] /M;k 'ks 'ks [ud[n`fd kjr;ks kjuds pkS pkS /izl) kjh ¼dks ¼dks y y dkrk½ ds ds ds lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} muds fo|kfFkZ ;gks ksraya ij kjLtg Abl mues ads izajgh efn[krk fo|kFkhZ aunwfofy;e yfyr gksM** lselq ba'ks;ks X['ks aMkjdsud dh vdknfed hu; vkS jer E;w:i j:i y vkS vkS juM** jgcM+ jgcM+ kkae/lsh¼fnYyh½] kkadk 'n`izkkals 'iz;f'n`kkavklkuh kq'k{k.k 'ks [f'k{k.k kjudks [jkWkjdks kjds pkS pkS pkS pkS pkS pkS /ds /Li kjh kjh /Li /,ds kjh kjh ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks ¼dks y y y y y dkrk½ dkrk½ ynsdkrk½ dkrk½ ds ds ds lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} lkFk} ¼fnYyh½] /khjs /khjs d` d` "¼dks "dykdkj .k "dks .k .k nsdykdkj nsyfy;k nsfpf=r oodkrk½ odkrk½ oekZ oekZ ¼'kka fij** fij** rij** ffl)gLr rij** rij** fuds fuds fuds rbrus rvkS ryfyr u½ {j.knk {j.knk pj.k mdhy fpUgks xz;j^ba E; 'n`f^^ a ['k{k.k isds aVisud fd;k FkkA fpUgks fpUgks fpUgks aij ay ij ij pydj pydj pydj brus ltho kksfaelske/lq E; E; ''k{k.k 'vklkuh ;ks adks akj[akjdks isud isVy aVn/aV/ds fd;k fd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA ]a/pkS ef'k{kd vkS jdq ;wdkrk½ jdkrk½ ksxdh iyx vU; uxjks a gSknya dks rduhd Hkh 'k{k.k ftldk kko y[kuÅ mijkUr /khjs Ukjh d` "dj .k ¼'kka fer rer fuds y fHlkFk} 'ki ij rFkk cFkslq f/jsv/;;u gkml] u* {j.knk pj.k mdhy dh kslj ffl)gLr 'ki ij rFkk cec kjk gkml] ya u* dks fpf=r {j.knk pj.k ty] ty] LpkS vkS vkS j¼dks jeuks rSrSy xdkrk½ ksls ksals a;ds a;djuk cuk, cuk, x, gSthou mudk Hizogk¡ kkd` kkd` Hkh Hkh Li"V Li"V :i fn[krk fn[krk gSizsgSdh Abrus Aa^^be yfyr eks eks ujkxzlikV loZ loZ zFkq'ks zeks Ff'ks ke ke y y ,ds M eh eh dj rusun s izgSizok'k aAls vkS j¼dks rSFkkA y xvkfn ksdj a dj aAdsds cuk, x, gS:i aAllrl mudk izHkko dyk dykcks egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds f'k{kd Hkh Fkstr ]a ds ]eses;ds dk izkstlst H{j.knk kko kko d kjnÝs kjtg cks lvkS l]bl mu mu E; 'gds 'uk/khjs ;ks ;ks a jgh fn[krk tks tks edkuks edkuks aH^^be ajsbrus vkS >ks fM+ fM+ ;&xzjulq&xzlq ksyfyr ahkM;k izizcks izd izvkS d izegkfo|ky; `frvkS vkS vkS vkS j'kka/jmlds j'kkakqrhuks mlds a Vy aVy dk a/ds dk a dk a/dk dk dk xgu xgu xgu xgu xgu v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u djuk djuk djuk gks gks gks gks rx, gks rldr krlq kd gSgqeuaAvkS jutg juvouhUnz ji;Z bl ji;Z bl bl fj]ogk¡ f^ba fogk¡ fkjv/;;u Ø;k f¼fnYyh½] Ø;k Ø;k esfuokZ esfuokZ a 'ksad aijij mRiUu mRiUu gks jgh jgh tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks tfVyrkvks aizs-kokrkoj.k dks dks a¼'kka dks alj dks dks dks fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr fl)gLr xq^^be xqu½ xqjckjhfd;k¡ : xqFxqjksltho tu tu cM+ cM+ cM+ cM+ hlq hokil hlqe/uE; hgh vklkuh vklkuh lsaVkjh ls ls ls gy gy gy dj dj dj nsdkrk½ nsjat nsot rdkrk½ nst rtrtsrdj s'kS gSdj soekZ gSs djus gSesdj aAgSy aAaAds xqcks : eHkh gYnkj lh[kk ulq kFk f'k";ks ad` esq[lq a ker ,d Fks:i ]usoekZ ogha l gaks[yS yx yx yx ;Qs ;djuk ;djuk] ttiztt ldr ldr ldr ldr ldr ldr ggSgaAvkS giM+ ggvkS tg tg tg bl bl v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u ijij ijij ijij ijij en;Z els enzesgks eejgh ^^x ^^x ^^x ^^x ^^x er er er er er un un un d d d d d d rV rV rV rV rV rV ij** ^^be ^^be ^^be ^^be ec ec ec ec ec M** M** M** M** e/gh ;gh ;gh ;kqn`^^ ^^ty] ^^ id id id id ud Li Li Li V** V** V** V** V** ij ij ij ij ij ij t dj u; u; u; u; u; er er er er :i :i :i lllu½ yx ;djuk t gvkS tg bl ijij e^^x d rV ij** ec e;kka'/rhu ;ikqHkhuk Li V** ij t dj u; :i lmdhy vk;ke fFks y;kRed jsjnqcks [bl kkvks aØ;k }kjk vkn'kZ lkS Uegks dk fu:i.k] esdh ,d /kw: l jiu vkS j;gh Ha;Lud kko iSnzLi ngy kMV** djuk vius ld l`fdd mu mu rhuks a rRoks dks dks mrus mrus gh gh euks ;d ;v/;;u xyx lh[kk lh[kk vkS vkS jkrjlqrkgSkthou thou i;Z Uizrbl Uizbl rds rHizds mudk mudk gr;ks fd;kA fd;kA lqtfVyrkvks d d qeqekjgSkjgSun kjnsun usun ok'k ok'k i)fr i)fr dh ckjhfd;k¡ likV likV ja^^ x/kkjk,¡ xid ksa esaid esjkWizesisaud a;ud lizd us`f`rfus`rfusrvkS mu rhuks a a dks mrus gh euks ;y ksxksl`jaksqexkjjayx ls lh[kk vkS jle; Ubl mudk fuokZ gijij fd;kA lq^^x d qeer i)fr ckjhfd;k¡ &M** ja^^vklkuh xja^^ ksid lq kj cks l ftl dyk ,oa f'kYi egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ es a fo|kFkhZ Fks ml le; dyk dh eq [ ; :i ls iz p yu es a Fkha vkS j lkFk gh ¶yks j l a s ] jks e vkS j ;w ks i ds vU; uxjks a ds Ýs L dks dh rduhd dk Hkh iz f 'k{k.k fy;k Fkk ftldk iz H kko y[kuÅ okil vkus ds mijkUr lkFk gh ¶yks j l a s ] jks e vkS j ;w ks i ds vU; 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ajiu fn[krk gSq['fuokZ tksejaf'k";ks a qejg jt >ks fM+ al gy dj nsVyr rivius gSv aAiz;vi)fr id id id id rrfrfrM;k rM;k rv v v v vv jHkh jjjgkml] jfe= mld jamld mld mld rRo rRo rRo rRo rRo d d xgu xgu xgu xgu v/;;u v/;;u v/;;u dju dju dju dju g,d g,d gbrus rty] rgpj.k rpj.k rrrn`r/kw g;ks v v v v jesVy jvkS jrjbl ja bl bl ij¼fnYyh½] i/jjiziiØ; Ø; Ø; mRiUu mRiUu mRiUu gnkglsgd` jg jg jg jg tvkfn t t Vyr Vyr Vyr Vyr Vyr v v v v dd d d l)gLr l)gLr l)gLr x:tu x:tu x:tu x:tu x:tu x:tu cM cM cM cM cM cM v vv lalllsllisluluaVufn[krk uuuufd;k gSFkkA id rv jmld mld d xgu dju jbl bl ieHkhuk mRiUu gdjuk t Vyr v l)gLr cM gksv xqrFkk :jspj.k vkS jkkvks ikfjokfjd vflr dq edks kjxgu gYnkj vouhUnz uv ds k'ks a aVcuk, esiSU/UiSniSnzedkuks ,d ]vkS ogha muds nwHkslkFk} xqfuds :l)gLr cfYd yfyr eks l`dj l`dj fdh tr y;kRed y;kRed jscks a }kjk a^ba }kjk }kjk vkn'kZ vkn'kZ lkS Un;Z Uya n;Z n;Z dk fu:i.k] fu:i.k] okrkoj.k okrkoj.k esja ga g,d akgthou /kw/kwglltho lnqgi;Z lv vkS vkS HksemRiUu Hkko kko nu* kgd` kglqgdjuk djuk vkfn vius vius vk;ke l`dyk fftr y;kRed [jsnq[nq[kkvks a id vkn'kZ lkS UrRo dk fu:i.k] okrkoj.k esesdk jiu vkS Hkhuk izeaeizxeizedks nnza fd;k l uskjid mu rhuks dks mrus gh euks ;dj lsv/;;u lh[kk vkS UjlskFk mudk gHdh fd;kA djg kjgS'kS ushy ok'k dh ckjhfd;k¡ jagxgg:i av esv muds fo|kfFkZ ; 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jf'k{kd ksx, in`Hkou ds vU; aizdh Lydks dh rduhd dk izjsgA frlsfofy;e 'k{k.k fy;k ftldk izHvkS kko okil vkus mijkUr }ty] yan¼Ýs uisvkS x, ogk¡ d ds izdyk fllkFk l) dykdkj izgA klkFk} lj fofy;e jksmdhy al¼fnYyh½ Vkbu ds vkS jftl lqFksftl lq½vkS /]/kkale; kkadk 'le; kqrSkq fof/kor 'ks 'ksjsdyk [vflr [vflr kjkkadyk pkS kjh ¼dks y y dkrk½ dkrk½ ds lkFk} ya nnds x, Fks ogk¡ js]ml jskls [dk kka'ks kkale; dds d[fizes'k{k.k ukjuHaa Ýs ds ds iz/kslqizUflgkjk fdh fd l) l) dykdkj dykdkj izeqeks izpcw keqHkh s-¼'kka fofy;e jksyu jksyu Fy ksesksFkk alnal Vkbu Vkbu ls 'k{k.k ds kkaq[uxjks y dkrk½ ds jaFkha lq kkavkS 'ujfpf=r kqdPps [Qs kjyedkuks /dskjh ypj.k lkFk} ¼fnYyh½] /khjs Ukjh nz'ki nzdh d` d` .k .k ns/kkjk,¡ ns/kkjk,¡ o/kkjk,¡ odj oekZ floZ rxqM;k fuds u½ {j.knk {j.knk pj.k mdhy vfrfjDr lq d kjds 'vkS ftles a f'k";ks NIij dks nsgy rrFkk s lgy ck¡ l ]cnr rgA cdjh jdjus i'kq v{j.knk ksa ¼dks dsjrFkk lkFk esa gkml] yanu Qs ij nqoekZ yaFesvkS dks j'fe= y jadyk xkjdyk esuu,oa cuk, x, gSegkfo|ky;] aAdj mudk izgA Hs-gA eqds [yajxzkkd` a FFks;ks esksds :i ls gSogha Agy yfyr u;lj ils jkWplyu ;efgyk,¡ Mj]vkS kspkS fy[kuÅ 'ki nqfM+cfnup;kZ l lgYnkj gy gy gy gy gy dj dj dj dj dj nr nr nr nr gA gA lgy gy nr l]rhu lkj]"rhu lrhu l gy l l gy gy gy dj dj dj dj dj dj nr gA gA gA gA lsksa pkS egkfo|ky; 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nkid; kv nksjgk ka kqzFksdjuk kav djuk kfp=.k djuk vkfn vkfn vius dk dk ty] ty] isfl`tr Ltr Vy vkS vkS jlqd rSlq rSd xkjads xds ksds a esxza ds a jskcuk, cuk, cuk, x, gSftles aAmu mudk mudk izulkS HvkS HUkko kko kko eqdks eqM;k [/dk kkd` kkd` ar;stks es;l a okrkoj.k Hkh :i :i ls Alj eks ggh gizvkS uyS Fksd; ke jkWlde ;lde ;avkfn y ,ds Mruvius Md` eh dk ty] isl`vfrfjDr LvfrfjDr vkS rSdd kskjij mudk izvkS HulkS eqdks [dk fgnsfnsr;ks ack¡ ls,d gvkS ke ;lkFk ,ds eh c'ki ccx, ca ds cx, lc}kjk l l}kjk uuaAuuaAvkn'kZ mu mu mu mu mu uvke urlkS umdhy uuizulkS d d d d mru mru mru mru mru mru g'gfu:i.k] gfu:i.k] gkqfu:i.k] gfu:i.k] eu eu eu eu ;esf'k{kd ;okrkoj.k ;pkS xUa x;Hkh xnzunUokrkoj.k xokrkoj.k x?kjks xnz/u* ll lLi"V llLi"V l l"izl¼dks l.k lta [l[l) [Fks[[x:i [dh v v v jftudk jjjizyj/kwjfn[krk tdjus t t t t ou ou ou ou i;Ur i;Ur i;Ur mud mud mud mud mud uo uo uo uo gloZ ggxziSksg/g/iSal¼fnYyh½] gkkaiSnkgkkaiSiniSE; d; d; Adjuk A'AjkWgSA[ls A[;ks Alde lde lde j/,ds j/Ujj[ks juuvius uvius ou¼dks o&[kfygkuks oeh o"oogS'.k i) i) i) i) i) i) rrdjus resrra rd dddedkuks d cccclkFk} clkFk} cfjcjrjfp=.k jjja d; d; d; d; d; d; &li &li &li &li &li &li VVVV;Vjx jx jx ee js[kkad luulkFk} uvkn'kZ murrjryarnqrrmdhy d mru gf'kseu eu l"Hkh v tlou ou mud uo d; lde jMuuvius o'''''tks 'fp= i) d{j.knk jvkS d; &li Vjx ls tks dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ dseu ]aesy dk Htfn[krk lq di;Ur qefuds kjjyfyr cks lcekskjk ds mu n`'ks esy avkfn fn[krk dPps jya iumdhy fM+Vx, ksjx ajx ¼Ýs ¼Ýs L L dks dks ½ ½ dk dk fof/kor fof/kor iz iz f f 'k{k.k 'k{k.k fy;k fy;k vkS vkS j j Hkkjr Hkkjr ds ds jk"Vª jk"Vª i i fr fr Hkou Hkou ¼fnYyh½ ¼fnYyh½ es es a a vus vus d d fHkfÙkfp=ks fHkfÙkfp=ks a a dh dh jpuk jpuk dhA dhA yxs xz k eh.ktu] ?kjks a ds lkeus ds uhe vkS j vke ds o` { k] ifjiz { s ; es a yxs ta x y] ftudk gYdk lk vkHkkl fey jgk gS A fdlh&fdlh fp= es a ¼Ýs L dks ½ dk fof/kor iz f 'k{k.k fy;k vkS j Hkkjr ds jk"Vª i fr Hkou ¼fnYyh½ es a vus d fHkfÙkfp=ks a dh jpuk yxs xz k eh.ktu] ?kjks a ds lkeus ds uhe vkS j vke ds o` { k] ifjiz { s ; es a yxs ta x y] ftudk gYdk lk vkHkkl fey jgk gS A fdlh&fdlh fp= es a yxs xz k eh.ktu] ?kjks a ds lkeus ds uhe vkS j vke ds o` { k] ifjiz { s ; es a yxs ta x y] ftudk gYdk lk vkHkkl fey jgk gS A fdlh&fdlh fp= es a yxs yxs yxs yxs yxs xz xz xz k k eh.ktu] xz eh.ktu] k xz eh.ktu] k k eh.ktu] eh.ktu] ?kjks ?kjks ?kjks ?kjks ?kjks a a ds a ds ds a a ds lkeus ds lkeus lkeus lkeus lkeus ds ds ds ds uhe ds uhe uhe uhe uhe vkS vkS vkS vkS j vkS j j vke vke j vke j vke vke ds ds ds ds o` ds o` o` { { o` { k] o` k] k] { { ifjiz k] ifjiz k] ifjiz ifjiz ifjiz { s { s { s ; ; ; { s { s ; es es ; es a a es yxs a yxs es yxs a a yxs yxs ta ta ta x x ta x ta y] y] x y] x y] y] ftudk ftudk ftudk ftudk ftudk gYdk gYdk gYdk gYdk gYdk lk lk lk lk lk vkHkkl vkHkkl vkHkkl vkHkkl vkHkkl fey fey fey fey fey jgk jgk jgk jgk jgk gS gS gS A A gS A gS fdlh&fdlh fdlh&fdlh A fdlh&fdlh A fdlh&fdlh fdlh&fdlh fp= fp= fp= fp= fp= es es es a a es a es a a euks ;tr kslh[kk lsdju fd;k gSy ]djus tgk¡ Nks h+rds iNIij ;l cxy a/khjs [kfygku vukt ds cks >mijkUr @xëj] jiH gjsjoogkml] Min +kfsa 'k{k.k dsksdju equ* Vv cxy lkFk gh jij salij eNIij vkS ;wkjk jvkS iFksiruh uxjks a tks Ýs Ll) dh rduhd dk Hkh izu:i. 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gYn js[kfygku gYn gYn gYn jmu jd` jmu jl jl l jvkS l l]"xzl lxz.k lkdykdkj lknsgE; l l t t t t;ks t vou vou vou vou Unu Unu Unu Unu d d d du½ ddjta ie[ ie[ 'jedkuks 'lq 'edkuks 'lq '"; "; ei'kq ekqgYdk ekq'ks eiz'ks ,d ,d ,d ,d Fkko FiF/khjs FifM+ FpkS og mud mud mud mud nlj nlj nlj nlj nlj x: x: x: x: clkFk} cclkFk} clkFk} Yd Yd yyyyyyy yr yr yr yr eeeeefp= egu gu gu gu gu x: ils jo jd lr de jya j.k lkxzjE; tdh vou Unu d ie[ '"; ,d FfM+ mud nlj cYd Yd yr guftldk ¼fnYyh½] Uy nzkjh "mud .kcxy odkrk½ oekZ ¼'kka fYd rfYd fuds ryr u½ dh Qs y fE; 'ki rFkk nqdk cmdhy kjk ^ba f¼fnYyh½] M;k u* pj.k mdhy pUg ij bru n'; d Fij AE;wiM+jykmdhy cgq rcgq xjksksvkS fd;k tgk¡ Nks VNks huxjks Nks Vmudk hvkS >ks fM+ ;kko esesr;ks a r;ks [kfygku vukt ds cks >>cks [dj kseks jgvkS gjs +kke sa +kjkWvkus >q;.y jn>q V,ds cgq rty] ;euks ks]k;ksjksvkS xkks;eh.ktu] fd;k ]ia esksi]gSa ks]agSes]a estgk¡ Nks VNks hNks i>ks k¡Lrduhd cxy ar;ks [kfygku esvus a esa j[ks vukt cks >gScks @xëj] lwgSglwlwcLo;a kseks gjs isgjs MFMisjzFMiszke salEiw ds cxy rgh ksxjelsexnwjkslsls fd;k ]ds tgk¡ Vh>ks ifM+ fM+ ;eqrduhd cxy a kj[ks vukt > lweks ksgvkS vkS jgjs +kjkWsads sa +kjkWds jaVmijkUr cxy cgq cgq cgq cgq rrrgh res¶yks gh rgh euks euks xjksvkS ;xksvkS ksxjlsjxvkS lsls fd;k ls fd;k gSksesy gSesko ]ads gStgk¡ ]a cuk, tgk¡ tgk¡ Nks Nks Nks Vuxjks Vx, Vx, hVds hls;VhgSls ls VhlshlshaAgSls lsdk Nks ls Nks Nks Nks Vmudk VhNks ViM+ hvkS >ks Vhjk"Vª >ks iizfM+ >ks iiz[kM+ fM+ idh fM+ i;kko fM+ ;;jfM+ ;eqk¡kqek¡ds k¡ds ;eqcxy k¡gks cxy k¡[cxy cxy esr;ks aesr;ks amues es[kfygku a[kfygku esa a [kfygku a a [kfygku [kfygku esLi"V esyks aesq[bl aj[ks esj[ks aj[ks esls aj[ks j[ks j[ks vukt vukt vukt vukt vukt dsFksftldk dsftldk dsjds ds cks ds cks > cks >AgS@xëj] @xëj] @xëj] @xëj] @xëj] lw[lweks [vkHkkl [lw [lw ks[eks ksgvkS [vkS ks[vkS ksHkou jloZ vkS jgh gjs jokil gjs jigjs isiuiske M+kisjgk Mvkus isM+kvkus saMjkWsads +kMds +ksads savkuUn >q ds jeqes,ds joaMeq>q equ* j{>qeq,ds eq'mijkUr jvus VeqxVj]gSdh eq]V]eqV]Mcu V]Mcxy cxy V]Mdk cxy cxy ]eh cxy cxy foLrkj dsVNks e/; 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a `fdks fd;k FkkA dks tkuk tkuk tkuk gks gks gks rdks rLo;a krklj vkS vkS og og Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a viuh viuh viuh viuh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkjde Hkjde Hkjde eks eks eks eksVjVVV&nw jlkbfdy Vjlkbfdy jlkbfdy jlkbfdy jlkbfdy ij ij ij ij ij xVxxxcks cks cks cksMmlds MMMMZ Z Z vkS Z vkS Z vkS vkS vkSjjjfofo/k jjvU; vU; vU; vU; vU;lkexz lkexz lkexz lkexz lkexzhhhxhhysysysysys dddddjjjjjlkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk tkrs tkrs tkrsFksFksFksFksFksAAAAAlqlqlqlqlqdddddqeqeqeqeqekjkjkjkjkjusususususmUgha mUgha mUgha mUgha mUghain in in in in } yanu x, Fkslq] a da ogk¡ [kkald ubrus dsn`mdhy izgks fofy;e jksoekZ Fksdk al¼'kka Vkbu lsHkkjh izf'k{k.k dsltho qekjjscks ds 'iz;fl) fp=ksdks a dks dkstkuk ns[kuk] ml foLrkj lk{kh cuuk gSHkjde tgk¡ nweks rdn`'iz;ks d rMªMªMªMªMªgSkkabkisabkabkabxabvkS jcks :i&ja ,d nwlkFk ljs tkrs dstkrs }} yayapj.k npj.k npj.k upj.k u x, x, FksFkslqlq]lq]dd ogk¡ ogk¡ [cks [ckskkal kkald udsr/khjs ds l) dykdkj izaij kij kij s-s-Lo;a lj lj jksltho jksltho FFksdk ksal al Vkbu Vkbu lslsn`cuuk f;ks 'k{k.k 'k{k.k ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] /khjs /khjs /khjs /khjs U'U',s;UnzizUnziz;nz;UnzlfUfnzvkS d` nzl) d` d`d` "la"d` .kadykdkj .ka nsdks nsdks nsoonsofpUgks nsofpUgks ofpUgks ooekZ ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka fpydj fpydj rfrfrrfHkkjh ffofy;e rfofy;e fuds rfuds fuds fuds fuds rbrus rbrus rbrus ru½ u½ ru½ ru½ u½ u½ {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk {j.knk pj.k pj.k mdhy mdhy mdhy mdhy mdhy mdhy fpUgks a iza viuh aij aij pydj pydj pydj brus brus ltho ltho ltho xzlk{kh xzjlkbfdy xzxzkxzkE; klaE; kE; kE; E; n`cuuk n`kZ'n`iz'iz'';ks 'fO;fDrRo] ;ks ;ks ;ksa a adks adks isMªtgk¡ isisisds aVisds aVkaVbaVaVfd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA dks kn`ds j".k".k.k".k Lo;a Hkjde eks Vlk{kh ij xfd;k vkS ys d j fofo/k lkFk d mUgha d qeiw¼fnYyh½] qeqe¼fnYyh½] kjtkuk kjjsjscks ldgksdsuds n`n`/khjs 'Fkk fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks nsfpUgks nsoekZ nsoekZ [oekZ [oekZ [oekZ kuk] kuk] kuk] Lo;a ml ml ml foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj dk dkdk lk{kh gSadks gSdks gSdkstgk¡ tgk¡ nwmldh nwfd;k nwfd;k jjcks j&nw &nw &nwMjFkkA jFkkA jZFkkA rd rd rdj izizvU; `f`fr`frrlkexz gSgSgSvkS vkS vkSjhjjmlds mlds mlds fofo/k fofo/k :i&ja :i&ja ,d nwnwlllusjsjsHjsds dsds dkin jkj¼fnYyh½] d cu ,d kd` l"og kja nsdks jp jgs gS¼'kka a Lo;a tgk¡ lsfuds dykdkj in`w.cuuk ÅtkZ ]izddd jpukRedrk] dYiuk vkStkrs j:i&ja laFksiw.AxkZxxrlq,d k,d esqea nwkjvuq ko (Detail) Bird Series, 1980 fpUgks ltho xzqegSqegSqegSqek:i&ja E; n`cks 'l ads dks aVesjsfp=ks fd;k FkkA ¼fnYyh½] /khjs Udsdk nzdk .kiinsw.ns?kkfV;ks okuk] oekZ fla rfoLrkj fuds rufn;k¡ u½ mdhy iwiwiwjjjd d d cu cu cu ,d ,d ,sgS,slvkS l{j.knk l kkdks kjlajlajlabrus lmlds lmlds lkjkjkjpj.k jp jp jp jgs jgs atgk¡ tgk¡ lsxl;ks lsxjlsdsds dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dktkrk la la la kZ[kZA[kuk] O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] mldh mldh ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ]jgs ]]lk{kh jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] dYiuk vkS vkS lard lard iiw.iw.w.kZw.izkZiziwizkZrizkZO;fDrRo] rd kdkd vuq HvkS HHko dk dk dk iwadks j"id ,d ljfoLrkj jp gStks ls[k.Mks dk ird jpukRedrk] {kh kh cuuk cuuk tgk¡ rd rd izizaizdij d `f`fr`frr`pydj vkS mlds fofo/k fofo/k xeuks ,d ,d jsfp=ks dsys {kh cuukgSgSgStgk¡ tgk¡nwnwnwjj&nw j&nw &nw rd d,d rgS`",sgS.kk vkS fofo/k ,d jsfp=ks ds vkS cgq h;l igkM+ dh aLo;a esLo;a arksla,s¼'kka xl hr lqfoLrkj ukjrd krh fge a dsnwnwnwnwlkFk jd s kvkS esvkS ajmldh lkxj lek dhxxxvkrq jdYiuk lqlq lqjgs lq lqfo'kky ddd dd qeakj:i&ja kja kj:i&ja kjkjtgk¡ cks cks cks cks ll l ds ds n`n`n`ksn`'jn`d 'nw'axnw';'isnw;l;;l fp=ks a ad` adks adks dks dks nsw.nsgSw.[nskZ[ns[cu kuk] kuk] kuk] Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a ml ml ml ml foLrkj foLrkj dk dk dk dk dk lk{kh lk{kh lk{kh lk{kh cuuk cuuk cuuk cuuk cuuk gSgSdykdkj gSgSdYiuk gSdYiuk tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ jnwjvkS jvkS &nw j&nw j&nw &nw &nw jla jla rd rd izrd `f`izfes`rfes`rfes`rfora rja gSavuq gSkg gSvuq gSgSfdlh vkS vkS vkS jko jko jjmlds mlds mlds mlds fofo/k fofo/k fofo/k fofo/k :i&ja :i&ja :i&ja :i&ja :i&ja xx,d ,d ,d ,d ,d nwgSnwnwnwlnwaAlllljsjsjsjsjsdsdsdsdsdsv vkLokn 'kkUr dj ,d u;s y a fp=ks dgha nwml jkmldh &nw 'kkfUr gSa tgk¡ rks dgha mtkl jjjjvius gypy n`mlds ';esÅtkZ esa fofo/k a ] tkus Watercolour, 13 x 17 in. dks tkuk gks r k Fkk vkS j og Lo;a viuh Hkkjh Hkjde eks V jlkbfdy ij Mª k b a x cks M Z vkS j vU; lkexz h ys d j lkFk tkrs Fks A lq d q e kj us mUgha in nvkLokn ulqjgs x, ]`"`"cks ogk¡ jsdykdkj [dykdkj kkajax'd;h/khjs uigkM+ dsUdk iz,d fiwlaiwla l) dykdkj fofy;e jksgSlk{kh lsdykdkj 'k{k.k vkLokn vkLokn r`tgk¡ r`tgk¡ .kk `"¼fnYyh½] .kk .kkllsls dks dks 'kkUr 'kkUr dj dj dj ,d ,d u;s u;s euks euks y,d ksa ksdkslad d ysla ys tkrk tkrk gSgSgSAjgs dgha dgha dgha rks rks rksVkbu nwcuuk nwnwjlslsjlsj&nw &nw &nw jdykdkj jdYiuk jgSizrd rd rd 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr gSigSjlaiiiw.irks rks dgha dgha dgha mtkl mtkl vkS vkS vkS jjmlds jesgypy gypy gypy vkS vkS vkSjjjdh fdlh fdlh fdlh 'dYiuk ;dYiuk ;;aA esesesnwa a l a vkS nzdk d` .k nskZcu oeuks oekZ rjp u½ pj.k mdhy cu cu cu ,d ,d ,d ,s,s,slll{j.knk kkk lalalalll}kjkjkjya jp jp jp jgs jgs dykdkj dk id w.u;s w.w.nskZcu kZcu O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] mldh ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ]Adk ]Ajgs ]jgs jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] dYiuk dYiuk vkS vkS jds jjvius kZrO;fDrRo] rO;fDrRo] kO;fDrRo] ks izkizesesdesoa a mtkl a`fkg vuq vuq ko ko ko dk dk iwiwadh jiwlaj"jd jid jid d cu ,d ,d ,d ,s¼'kka ,s,s,sizxl ,slesllkeshr lesmldh ks-ml ka mldh kfka ys ka lj larla lfoLrkj kjtkrk kjkrh kjkjkjÅtkZ jp jp jp jp jgs jgs gStks gSgSFagSa a kstgk¡ a tgk¡ aal tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ ls ls dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dk dk dk dk dk lalalagSlala w.ird w.rks w.kZw.kZw.kZiwkZkZrO;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] mldh mldh mldh mldh ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ]]]]]tkus jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] dYiuk vkS vkS vkS a vuq a vuq vuq vuqHHHHko Hko ko ko kodk dk dk dk dk fo'kky vkS jlsdks cgq ?kkfV;ks a ,d esyyLo;a lqlalallfuds ull ufn;k¡ fge [k.Mks a ftgk¡ ds lkFk jCollection. lkxj a ÅtkZ lekfofo/k vkrqxn`jn`n`'dYiuk gS'dYiuk dgSqegSgSa Fksakjr`a tgk¡ ds n`'kkUr fp=ks dks [cu kuk] nwvkS j&nw rvuqesgSHHHa mldh vkS jdk :i&ja ,d jsvkS dsjjjjjlalalalalaiiiiw.iw.w.w.kZw.kZrkZrkZrkZrkrkkkkesesesesesa a a vuq Private fpUgks ltho xzvkLokn kvkLokn E; aVlq fd;k FkkA fpUgks ij pydj xzÅtkZ kgSgSE; n`js dgha ;ks dks islkxj fd;k FkkA dks dks dks dks dks tkuk tkuk tkuk tkuk tkuk tkuk gks gks gks gks gks gks rgks rUn`rrnzkrkar'krka esgSFkk kd` Fkk vkS vkS vkS vkS jhr jisdks jdks og jdks og jog og og Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh viuh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkjde Hkjde Hkjde Hkjde Hkjde Hkjde Hkjde eks eks Veseks VesalkFk Va VlkFk jlkbfdy Vjlkbfdy Vjlkbfdy Vjlkbfdy jlkbfdy ij ij MªkoMªkoabMªkabkg kabkg krks abxkg krks xabkrks xabrks xabrks xxescks xescks M&nw M&nw MZ &nw MZ MZ vkS Z vkS vkS ZjvkS ZjZjvkS jrd javU; jlek vU; vU; vU; vU; lkexz lkexz lkexz lkexz lkexz lkexz lkexz hdh hrks hrks hrksrks ys hrks ys hys hvkrq ysvkrq ys ys d ys d d jlkFk jlkFk lkFk lkFk tkrs tkrs tkrs tkrs tkrs tkrs FksFksjFksjFksjFksjAFksjAFksAgypy Agypy Alq Alq Alqlqlqd lqd lqdddqedqedqeqekjqekjqekjqekjvkS kjvkS kjvkS kjusvkS usvkS usususjusjmUgha usjmUgha mUgha mUgha mUgha in in in in in in fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky vkS cgq jaxvuq axbrus axhhhHigkM+ igkM+ dh dh dh ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks a kFkk es;ks eskFkk a Fkk aFkk laaFkk lavkS xvkS x.kk xvkS hr lq lqog uog u'kkUr u'kkUr krh krh krh ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ tks tks tksa la fge fge [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks aeks ds aeks ds ds lkFk vius vius vius iwAij iwAij jij jdgha s ]izdgha sMª'izMªizMªMªojpukRedrk] esjrd esjrd esjrd ajvU; avU; lek lek tkus tkus tkus vkrq gSlkFk gSlkFk aAmtkl pukRedrk] w.ifutZ rkZkZjrkZrjkrjkucgq escgq dk vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn `"a la`",d&nks .kk `"dks .kk `".kk .kk dks 'kkUr 'kkUr 'kkUr dj dj dj dj ,d ,d ,d ,d u;s u;s u;s u;s euks euks euks yyyymifLFkfr yksksd ksd ksbrus d ksadd eseseks eseks a ltho ys a ys a ys ysjlkbfdy ysjlkbfdy tkrk tkrk tkrk tkrk tkrk gSgSiwAgSij Aij nwescks nwa cks nwa nwcks janwcks jaMcks jlkxj jlkxj jMaV&nw &nw jvkS jvkS rd 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr gSgSgSdh gSgSjdh dgha dgha dgha mtkl mtkl mtkl vkS vkS vkS gypy gypy jmUgha jmUgha fdlh fdlh fdlh fdlh fdlh n`in n`n`n`'n`''';';;;;esesesesesa a a a a jpukRedrk] pukRedrk] pukRedrk]dYiuk dYiuk dYiuk dYiukvkS vkS vkS vkSjiwjj,sjlad lalalalaiijis pj.k ivkS w.vkS w.kZw.pydj kk,d esesesavkS a jvuq a ajvuq vuq HigkM+ Hko Hkko ko ko dk dk dk ¼fnYyh½] /khjs .k nsjhr ojdks oekZ fviuh r,d fuds rHkkjh {j.knk mdhy cu lagdks ldks kjtkuk jp jgs ls dykdkj dk ifge w.u½ kZeuks O;fDrRo] mldh dYiuk vkS la id w.djdjd kZjjrjlkFk kgSmtkl esaAaAa tkrs vuq HvkS dk j,sl euks kjh okrkoj.k esr`r`a r`r``a"r`tgk¡ Nks V¼'kka h dj ekuokd` fu;s r;ks a euks dh cks l ds n`Adgha 'dgha ;fp=ks dks ,d vyx ek;us izndgha kudgha djrh gSaAvkS cksko lgypy fpUgks fpUgks fpUgks fpUgks fpUgks fpUgks fpUgks a a a ij a ij ij a ij a a ij ij ij pydj pydj pydj pydj pydj pydj pydj brus brus brus brus brus brus brus ltho ltho ltho ltho ltho ltho ltho xz xz xz xz k xz k xz E; k xz E; k E; k E; k E; k E; E; n` n` n` n` ' n` ' n` ' n` ' ;ks ' ;ks ' ;ks ' ;ks ;ks ;ks a ;ks a a dks a dks dks a dks a a dks dks dks is is is is V a is V a is V a is V a V a V a fd;k V a fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA FkkA FkkA FkkA FkkA FkkA dks rUr`vkS Fkk viuh Hkkjh Hkjde eksa ys Vlsdk jlkbfdy ij Zjkrh lkexz ys d tkrs Fksj Agypy us mUgha in qesds cks n`euks a Lo;a dks nseslj [a ,d kuk] Lo;a ml cuuk tgk¡ nwucks &nw rd iztks dfge rfge vkS jj mlds fofo/k :i&ja ,d jscks fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky vkS vkS vkS vkS vkSjjjeuks jdgha jjcgq cgq cgq jNks jFNks jaxjmtkl axks"jaxVd axlfoLrkj haxVhVhhVkbu higkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ dh dh dh dh dh ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks a avkS aesaesaesmifLFkfr esmifLFkfr esa mifLFkfr a aMª la xfdlh xbthou&'kS xxhr xhr hr hr hr lq lqlqucks ukrh u'krh krh ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ tks tks tks tks fge fge [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks a a lkFk ads ads ads ds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk vius vius vius vius vius jsku jsku jAsizsizqesizizoizxn`djrh okjodjrh odjrh o'kg kg kg kg esesa gSa nwfdlh alkxj lkxj esesa a 'alek alek alek lek tkus tkus tkusdh dh dh dh dhvkrq vkrq vkrq vkrq vkrqjjjjjgSgSgSgSaAgSaAaAaAaA u x, js,slq kkavkLokn d ds izvkS dykdkj izdj k'kkfUr s-fo'kky jksu½ izgypy f?kkfV;ks 'k{k.k ds u;syaneuks y ksdFks]esogk¡ a ¼fnYyh½] ys tkrk gSkjuAn`/khjs j;leq rd rks vkS jtkrk jalaalalalagSkrks n`Mucks ;vkS eshjds a lsvU; `"l) dks 'kkUr ,d u;s y esigkM+ dgha nwcks jlqlq&nw gS`ffge dgha mtkl vkS vkS ;lek estkus a tkus ¼fnYyh½] /khjs Ufp=ks nznzfkds d` "nw"a]'vkS .k .k nsnsfp=ks ojnog oz okrkoj.k oekZ oekZ ¼'kka fesrgSara ,d&nks fuds fuds rcgq rcgq u½ mdhy mdhy ,s[,sld ll s tkuk futZ s futZ futZ ugks u;lvkS jrks j.kk jd` euks euks g&nw ggjkjh kjh kjh okrkoj.k okrkoj.k esfesfofy;e a ,d&nks ,d&nks Nks ekuokd` ekuokd` ekuokd` flk{kh r;ks f?kkfV;ks r;ks r;ks a aAdh a dh dh lkrh l lyrd dsufn;k¡ ds n`n`'kkfUr n`'iz'';fp=ks ;fp=ks a rks a efgykvks dks a gShdks dks ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx ek;us ek;us ek;us izizlqiwiziwniwiwnjiwnd gSalkxj gSalkxj Al aAlkxj aAcks llesalesn`estgk¡ 'udgha fp=ks a ¼'kka vkS fo'ks krk Fkh] ftles a gSik'pkR; H;fp=ks kkfor a dsdh mifLFkfr gSjku ;kgesjesesfp=ks a cksesds dks dks dks tkuk tkuk tkuk gks gks gks r r r k k k Fkk Fkk Fkk vkS vkS vkS j j j og og og Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a viuh viuh viuh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkjde Hkjde Hkjde eks eks eks V V V jlkbfdy jlkbfdy jlkbfdy ij ij ij Mª Mª Mª k k b a k b a b a x x x cks cks cks M M M Z Z vkS Z vkS vkS j j j vU; vU; vU; lkexz lkexz lkexz h h h ys ys ys d d d j j j lkFk lkFk lkFk tkrs tkrs tkrs Fks Fks Fks A A A lq lq lq d d d q e q e q e kj kj kj us us us mUgha mUgha mUgha in in in fpUgks pydj brus ltho k,scks E; 'ds ;ks aVfp=ks fd;k FkkA ,d lmdhy knjnnlaz axz fp=ks lhfp=ks kjlq¼fnYyh½] jgs gScks aizn`lfutZ tgk¡ dk la imifLFkfr wf.Lo;a kZLo;a mldh ÅtkZ ]kkfor jpukRedrk] la esvkS a a jfp=ks ko dk lqigkM+ lqlqlqd lqd lqdajp dad kjqae,sxzdh kj,s,d kj,skjl kjogha cks cks cks l ls futZ l l ll dsjds ds n`unzfo'ks n`un`an`avkS 'vkS n`'dks 'vkS n`d` ';vkS ';';dyk fp=ks ;is.k fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks adks dks a ftles dks a kjh adks dks nsokrkoj.k nsokrkoj.k nsokrkoj.k [nsdh [ns[ns'[¼'kka kuk] [kuk] [ufn;k¡ [kuk] kuk] kuk] Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a ml ml ml ml ml ml foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj dk dk dk lk{kh lk{kh lk{kh lk{kh lk{kh cuuk cuuk gSiwa dh gSdh gSdh gSjgSgSgStgk¡ gSstgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ nwa nwdh jnwdh j&nw nwesjfp=dkjh &nw j&nw j&nw j&nw &nw jmifLFkfr jmifLFkfr jcks jcks jrd jrd jrd rd izjds izds izds iza d izd izd rf'rA;fp=ks `f'w.rA;fp=ks `f;fp=ks `rfn`;fp=ks rgSkZ;fp=ks rn`gStkus gS'gSkvkS vkS vkS jadh jfp=ks jamlds jmlds jdjrs mlds mlds mlds mlds mlds fofo/k fofo/k fofo/k fofo/k fofo/k fofo/k :i&ja :i&ja :i&ja :i&ja :i&ja xxizxizxizxizxniz,d xn,d ,d ,d ,d nwdjrh nwdjrh nwdjrh nwl nwlnwlnwlljsljsljsjsjsds jsds jsds py vkSj fdlh n`'; iwesds fo'kky vkSa]ja]a],sleq cgq esn`ls la xeuks hr udks krh tks fge [k.Mks adk lkFk vius izmifLFkfr o'kgnw;anwdYiuk a &nw lkxj esds lek vkrq ja fofo/k gSvyx aA gS:i&ja dsdsja d n`{j.knk n`n`dyk '''cu ;a ;ij ;fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks leq leq z fp=ks esaqedqed esqeesqea kjqekjqae,d vkS vkS jds "a ';j"j;krk "j;dykdkj Fkh] Fkh] ftles ftles akuk] a ik'pkR; akuk] ik'pkR; ik'pkR; thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS y hdk hds hekuokd` ls ls ls izlk{kh izHHHkkfor kkfor ajnwdh mifLFkfr gS'i`n`fd gS'`rfA'`vuq n`rgS'gS'd ;gSvkS ;vkS ;vkS fp=ks a H,d a es,d a ,d esesa fn[krs a tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ /khjs Uds nsFkh] oekZ fuds rml u½ pj.k ik'pkR; efgykvks a nsokrkoj.k yfyr eks gVhdk uekuokd` ls uizlk{kh dk Hefgykvks kko AmifLFkfr ,s,d l l l lcks s cks s?kkfV;ks svkS futZ s futZ futZ uDrk ufo'ks ufo'ks vkS jkrk jkrk euks euks euks euks glq kjh gadks kjh kjh kjh okrkoj.k esO;fDrRo] esaesij esaesij a }kjk a ij a ,d&nks a ,d&nks a ,d&nks ,d&nks ,d&nks Nks Nks Nks Nks Nks Vbrus VVy Vy hdk ekuokd` ekuokd` ekuokd` fxzcuuk fcuuk r;ks fkxzcuuk r;ks fcuuk r;ks fkizcuuk r;ks r;ks a efgykvks an`efgykvks a dh an`dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr cks cks cks lrd lvkS lrd lrd lFkkA ds n`izd n`gSn`d`n`fd a jdks avuq dks dks dks dks ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx vyx ek;us ek;us ek;us ek;us ek;us n,d n,d ku nku ku ku kudjrh djrh gSds gSds gSds gSds aAgSaAaAaAaAcks cks cks cks ckslllll egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds ojds xqgogaga: fcjs oj lsrLo;a uLo;a izfoLrkj ffoLrkj rikfnr dyk 'kS y h@fo"k; n`mifLFkfr dk j.k a :i&ja fpUgks fpUgks a pydj pydj brus brus ltho ltho xz E; E; ' ' ;ks ;ks a a dks dks is is V a V a fd;k fd;k FkkA fpUgks pydj ltho k E; n` ' ;ks a dks is V a fd;k FkkA fpUgks fpUgks fpUgks a a ij a ij ij pydj pydj pydj brus brus brus ltho ltho ltho xz xz xz k k E; k E; E; n` n` n` ' ' ' ;ks ;ks ;ks a a dks a dks dks is is is V a V a V a fd;k fd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA FkkA fpUgks fpUgks a a ij ij pydj pydj brus brus ltho ltho xz xz k k E; E; n` n` ' ' ;ks ;ks a a dks dks is is V a V a fd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA vkLokn r` ` " .kk dks 'kkUr dj ,d u;s euks y ks d es a ys tkrk A dgha rks nw j &nw j rd 'kkfUr gS rks dgha mtkl vkS j gypy vkS j fdlh n` ' ; es a iw iw iw iw j iw j iw j iw d j d j d j d j d d d cu cu cu cu cu cu cu ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,s ,s ,s ,s l ,s l ,s l ,s l l k l k l k k la k la k la k la la l la l la l l l kj l kj l kj kj kj kj kj jp jp jp jp jp jp jp jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs jgs gS gS gS gS a gS a gS a gS tgk¡ a tgk¡ a tgk¡ a tgk¡ a tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ ls ls ls ls ls ls ls dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dk dk dk dk dk dk dk la la la la la i la i la i i w . i w . i w . i w . kZ kZ w . kZ w . kZ w . O;fDrRo] kZ O;fDrRo] kZ O;fDrRo] kZ O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] mldh mldh mldh mldh mldh mldh mldh ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ] ] ] ] ] jpukRedrk] ] jpukRedrk] ] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] dYiuk dYiuk dYiuk dYiuk dYiuk dYiuk dYiuk vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS j j j j j la j la j la la la i la i la i i w . i w . i w . i w . kZ kZ w . r kZ w . r kZ w . r kZ r kZ k r kZ k r k r k es k es k es k es a es a es a es vuq a vuq a vuq a vuq a vuq vuq vuq H H H H ko ko H ko H ko H ko ko ko dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dyk dyk dyk egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds ds ds iz iz iz o o o Drk Drk Drk dyk dyk dyk xq xq xq : : : fcjs fcjs fcjs ' ' ' oj oj oj ls ls ls u u u }kjk }kjk }kjk iz iz iz f f rikfnr f rikfnr rikfnr dyk dyk dyk 'kS 'kS 'kS y y y h@fo"k; h@fo"k; h@fo"k; n` n` n` ' ' ' ; ; ; fp=dkjh fp=dkjh fp=dkjh dk dk dk vuq vuq vuq d d d j.k j.k j.k djrs djrs djrs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs gS gS gS a a a ;k¡ }tksyafge [k.Mks a ds lkFk vius iw j s iz o kg es a lkxj es a lek tkus dh vkrq j gS A a lqd,sjs[qeogha cksik'pkR; lds a oekZ dks ns¼'kka [kn`n`s-n`n`'kuk] Lo;a ml cuuk tgk¡ nwj&nw izn`d'`f;fp=ks r gSthou&'kS vkSa jdksmlds :i&jaefgykvks xizn,d nwa la adh js dsmifLFkfr nu mdhy x, Fks] ¼fnYyh½] ogk¡ u/khjs fn`d`l) dykdkj fofy;e kszfp=ks alfp=ks izizfvkS 'k{k.k ds 'lj fp=ks fp=ks leq leq leq leqjksfoLrkj nneks nNks nFz z zfp=ks a a aesuaesesesa a ls alk{kh ,d a,d ,d ,d vkS vkS jjjja fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks ""krk "krk krk krkFkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] ftles ftles ftles ftles a a ads ik'pkR; aik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS yyyyhhhfofo/k hvyx lslslslsizizizizHHHHkkfor kkfor kkfor kkfor efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks adh dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr fp=ks fp=ks fp=ksa a aesaesesesa a atgk¡ atgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] /khjs /khjs /khjs nzUnzvkS Unznzd` d` ".keuks ";.k ".k.kfp=ks nsnsnsgonsookjh ooekZ oekZ oekZ ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka f''f;r;fr;f;rrfp=ks fuds fuds fuds fuds rra]ra]u½ ra]a]u½ u½ u½ mdhy mdhy mdhy a okrkoj.k dhdsdsds mifLFkfr yfyr gfp=ks lsdk dk HvkS kko gSfo'ks AdsgS"mifLFkfr lkkakjs dfutZ uUUds jd`'"efgykvks esfp=ks a ,d&nks VuhVkbu ekuokd` r;ks dh cksj lrd ,d ek;us ku djrh gSmifLFkfr aA cksl gSgSgSgSAAAAn`n`n`n`'''';;;;fp=ks fpUgks fpUgks a a ij ij pydj pydj brus brus ltho ltho xz xz k k E; E; n` n` ' ' ;ks ;ks a a dks dks is is V a V a fd;k fd;k FkkA FkkA fo'kky vkS j cgq j x a h igkM+ dh ?kkfV;ks a es a la x hr lq u krh ufn;k¡ tks fge [k.Mks a ds lkFk vius iw j s iz o kg es a lkxj es a lek tkus dh vkrq j gS A a lq lq lq d d d q e q e q e kj kj kj cks cks cks l l l ds ds ds n` n` n` ' ' ' ; ; ; fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a a dks a dks dks ns ns ns [ [ [ kuk] kuk] kuk] Lo;a Lo;a Lo;a ml ml ml foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj dk dk dk lk{kh lk{kh lk{kh cuuk cuuk cuuk gS gS gS tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ nw nw nw j j &nw j &nw &nw j j j rd rd rd iz iz iz d d d ` f ` f r ` f r r gS gS gS vkS vkS vkS j j j mlds mlds mlds fofo/k fofo/k fofo/k :i&ja :i&ja :i&ja x x x ,d ,d ,d nw nw nw l l l js js js ds ds ds vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn r` r` r` r` ` " r` ` " r` ` " .kk r` ` " .kk .kk ` " .kk ` " ` " .kk .kk .kk dks dks dks dks dks dks dks 'kkUr 'kkUr 'kkUr 'kkUr 'kkUr 'kkUr 'kkUr dj dj dj dj dj dj dj ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d u;s u;s u;s u;s u;s u;s u;s euks euks euks euks euks euks euks y y y y y ks y ks y d ks d ks d ks d ks d ks d d es es es es a es a es a es ys a ys ys a ys a a ys ys ys tkrk tkrk tkrk tkrk tkrk tkrk tkrk gS gS gS gS A gS A gS A gS A A dgha A dgha A dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha rks rks rks rks rks rks rks nw nw nw nw j nw j nw j &nw nw j &nw j &nw j &nw j &nw &nw &nw j j j j j rd j rd j rd rd rd rd rd 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr 'kkfUr gS gS gS gS gS gS rks gS rks rks rks rks rks rks dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha dgha mtkl mtkl mtkl mtkl mtkl mtkl mtkl vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS j j j j j gypy j gypy j gypy gypy gypy gypy gypy vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS j j j j j fdlh j fdlh j fdlh fdlh fdlh fdlh fdlh n` n` n` n` ' n` ' n` ' n` ' ; ' ; ' ; ' ; ; ; ; es es es es a es a es a es a a a a ogha ogha ik'pkR; ik'pkR; efgykvks efgykvks dh a dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr yfyr yfyr yfyr ekseks eks"ggkrk gy[kuÅ uy[kuÅ uy[kuÅ uy[kuÅ lslsFkh] lsuuudkdk dk dkogha izds izds gSDrk gSgSAAA dyk iwogha jd cu ,sefgykvks lk lalnzkja a fp=ks jpmifLFkfr jgs gSa egkfo|ky; tgk¡ lsfo'ks dykdkj ladsdsds iizHHizw.Hizkko kZokko ÅtkZ ] jpukRedrk] dYiuk vkSdk j'kS'kSyyyla iHh@fo"k; w.kZrkgSgSAesAn`n`n`a n`'n`'vuq Hfp=dkjh ko dk a dk efgykvks mifLFkfr eks guVdyk lsdh izh@fo"k; kko dyk dyk dyk egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ izkko izik'pkR; iza oojik'pkR; ooO;fDrRo] Drk Drk Drk dyk dyk dyk xqxqmldh xqxq: xq::: fcjs fcjs fcjs fcjs fcjs 'ck¡ oj oj oj uuH}kjk }kjk }kjk }kjk }kjkyfyr izfizfefgykvks rikfnr frikfnr fxrikfnr frikfnr rikfnr dyk dyk 'kS'kS y;y h@fo"k; h@fo"k; fp=dkjh fp=dkjh fp=dkjh dk dk dk dkvuq vuq vuq vuq vuqdddddj.k j.k j.k j.k j.kdjrs djrs djrs djrs djrsfn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krsgSgSgSgSagSa a a a dslqik'pkR; n`d'qe;kj,d fp=ks adyk esdyk a H,d vkS thou&'kS hoj kkfor a dyk mifLFkfr fp=ks tgk¡ ds n`a]'leq ;fp=ksa esa vxz kwfregkfo|ky; rks j:fpdj rRoks a lsftles Hkjiw gSDrkghdyk ftues a :[ks ra dh ]''y''oj /lslsk]lslslslsuizuuigkM+ ]izizizta y]Nks hdyk >ksu i'kS fM+ k¡h@fo"k; ;k dPps'';';;;;?kjfp=dkjh vkfna esdk iw,svkLokn iwiwljjd jdyk d d cu cu cu ,d ,d ,d ,s ,s ,s l l l k k k la la la l l l kj kj kj jp jp jp jgs jgs jgs gS gS gS a a tgk¡ a tgk¡ tgk¡ ls ls ls dykdkj dykdkj dykdkj dk dk dk la la la i i i w . w . w . kZ kZ kZ O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] O;fDrRo] mldh mldh mldh ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ÅtkZ ] ] ] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] jpukRedrk] dYiuk dYiuk dYiuk vkS vkS vkS j j j la la la i i i w . w . w . kZ kZ r kZ r r k k k es es es a a vuq a vuq vuq H H H ko ko ko dk dk dk fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky vkS vkS vkS vkS jesjik'pkR; jrks jik'pkR; cgq cgq jcgq cgq cgq cgq cgq jjjaxUjaxUjaxnzy hd` igkM+ higkM+ higkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ dh dh dh dh ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks ajajaesaesgSdgha esa esgSa lsgSaesfesfala esalalafaurla a gh alaxlaxlaxxfuds hr xhr xfuds hr xyfyr hr hr hr hrlqnwlq lquu½ lqu&nw ukrh uakrh ukrh krh krh krh ufn;k¡ tks tks tks tks fge fge fge fge fge [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks aAy]Nks aAadsadsds amtkl ds a adsds lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk lkFk vius vius vius vius vius jsizjs;k izj;k izsdk izs osizoizoizodPps kg okg odPps kg odPps kgvuq kg kg kgesesjesesaesadjrh esd afdlh lkxj esalkxj lkxj a lkxj a ?kj alkxj lkxj lkxj esalek lek a;lek a alek lek lek tkus tkus tkus tkus tkusdh dh dh dh dh vkrq vkrq vkrq vkrq vkrq vkrq jjjjjgSjgSjgSgSaAgSaAgSaAgSaAaAaAaA r`dsds`"vkS .kk dks 'kkUr dj ,d u;s euks ksigkM+ d gSmifLFkfr Ar;ks rks j[ks gSfge dgha vkS gypy n`esesaAes'esalek estkus a tkus ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] /khjs /khjs /khjs /khjs UjaxnzjhUaxnzhaxhnzaxhdyk d` d`efgykvks d` "efgykvks "rRoks .k "esgSrRoks .k "rRoks .kVgS.k]a xqhAnsys nsftles ns: oansdh oadh oadh oekZ oekZ oekZ oekZ ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka fuds rlqra lqrjlquizu½ rekulw u½ {j.knk mdhy futZ uegkfo|ky; j'';fp=ks euks gmdhy kjh ajik'pkR; Nks ekuokd` fmifLFkfr dh mifLFkfr n`dk 'fge ek;us nvkS ku gSdjrs cks lfn[krs ogha ik'pkR; ik'pkR; efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks afcjs a?kkfV;ks adh adh adh dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr yfyr yfyr yfyr eks eks eks eks eks gurd grufn;k¡ gcks ugufn;k¡ uck¡ ulck¡ lsck¡ lsls'kkfUr lsdyk ls utks dk dk dk iziza Hizy HmeM+ Hrks Hkko kko kko kko As&Ay]Nks izjrks o,d&nks Drk oj fu½ rikfnr n`dslkFk fp=dkjh j.k gSdh a dhvkrq lqlqlqddds qeleq qe{j.knk qe{j.knk kj{j.knk kjkjfpr ds n`pj.k n`n`pj.k 'pj.k ;fp=ks a fo'kky avxz vxz vxz HHogha Hkwogha kwfogha kwogha fvkS rfd;k rvkS rvkS :fpdj :fpdj :fpdj lsotkrk lsls?kkfV;ks Hkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw jmifLFkfr ftues ftues a ukrh a[ks [ks rufn;k¡ rufn;k¡ ]gufn;k¡ ]uufn;k¡ ]uds /ufnuks /uds /uk]tks k]utks k]dk igkM+ igkM+ ]Hkko ]h@fo"k; ][k.Mks ta[k.Mks ta tagSxgSugSaxgSxAgSdks y]Nks >ks >ks ivius ivius ijfM+ fM+ fM+ ;iw;iw;iwiwk¡jiwjk¡iwjk¡iws js ;k ?kj ?kj vkfn vkfn vkfn dk dk dk tk ldrk lapj.k ;;fp=ks kstmdhy umdhy gSa a aesy[kuÅ ]esesa okrkoj.k egRoiw .fds kZ rks vkdk'k Hkh a 'mRrj izrfrgh nrghfuds s'}kjk kftues esyfyr aigkM+ es'kSiziz;fp=ks ?kqe,d M+V'VVh;uhhvyx s >ks okys cknyks a dk lgt gh lk{kkRdkj vkLokn vkLokn vkLokn r`r`u`"ju`"u.kk `".kk .kk dks dks dks 'kkUr 'kkUr ,d ,d ,d u;s euks euks euks yy ksgkjh dkskjh d d eskrh a jkscks a jksrFys a ys ys tkrk tkrk tkrk gSa ls,d&nks gSa ,d&nks A;,d&nks A,d&nks Adgha dgha rks rks nwVhds nwhds jekuokd` jhnekuokd` &nw jdsekuokd` &nw &nw jjjhrd rd rd 'kkfUr gSmifLFkfr gSmifLFkfr rks rksrks dgha dgha mtkl mtkl mtkl vkS vkS j;fp=ks jtkus jik'pkR; gypy gypy gypy vkS vkS vkS jjjvyx jvyx fdlh fdlh fdlh n`hn`ek;us n`ek;us 'ls'';;;izizizesHizesiznesiznkkfor a a nku a nkukukukudjrh fo'kky ajkjlj a ds laHkh xn`n`gy lq uaAesokrkoj.k [k.Mks s gSgSmifLFkfr esdgha auulkxj esrdscknyks dh gSlk{kkRdkj aAvyx }}}mifLFkfr yayayayannnunuuupj.k x, x, x, x,cks ]]]]ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ ogk¡ js[pr [;fp=ks [[kkakkaik'pkR; kkavkS d kkaladr`d ds dsuleq izaxgS,d fizefgykvks dykdkj izd izuqeuoekZ kvkS izqeuu;s kqes-izvkS kqeu;s lj fofy;e fofy;e fofy;e jksokrkoj.k jkscks Flaksesa ul alesmRrj Vkbu Vkbu fesizHdgha fes'k{k.k feskko 'k{k.k fa'k{k.k 'k{k.k n`n`ffd;k 'fjs'pr ;js;fp=ks fp=ks a]t z gSU'kkUr fp=ks a dh as.ek;us ,d Fkh] thou&'kS ylkFk H'kkfUr aokys dh gSigkM+ Algt ;]vkrq esVVVa VhVhtgk¡ ds a ds dks vyx djrh gSftles ds a]rks z ds fp=ks esar;ks a'kkfUr ,d fo'ks Fkh] ftles thou&'kS y efgykvks a vkfn dh ksa dh dh}{j.knk mifLFkfr cksFksFksFkslFksmdhy l ds ,d izs-vkS djrh gSokrkoj.k aAeseks ¼fnYyh½] nzegRoiw d` ¼'kka r;fp=ks fuds ,s,sdykdkj ,sdykdkj ,sdykdkj l,sl,sdj l,s"ldj ldj s .k lsesals futZ futZ s.ek;us futZ futZ futZ ud udizudud vkS vkS jesjku jku jfo'ks euks jHkh euks jeuks euks euks euks euks gks]kjh kjh kjh okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k agS,d&nks Nks Nks Nks Nks Nks Nks VVleq VAVhds VhnwVhds ekuokd` ekuokd` fa ls fa ls r;ks fa ls r;ks fvius fesaizr;ks fesr;ks fesr;ks r;ks a kkfor a meM+ a dh a dh dh a dh a jaiwdh cks lacks l l[ks llrdsmifLFkfr ds ds n`ck¡ n`ck¡ n`'ck¡ n`'ck¡ n`'vkS n`'/;fp=ks a lgt a lgt an`dks a dks dks a dks a]'a]dks ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx vyx ek;us ek;us ek;us djrh djrh djrh djrh djrh gSgSgSgSaA?kj gSaA?kj gSaA?kj gSaA?kj aAcks aAcks aAcks cks cks cks lcks lvkfn lvkfn llllmifLFk dh mifLFkfr ls uesesa esHesik'pkR; gSNks leq leq leqogha fjspr lalad ;;;ukscgq ksta ksds tdks uuizjiz/khjs gSfl) gSfhnl) ]fl) ]l) ]igkM+ egRoiw egRoiw .s futZ kZs futZ kZnslq?kkfV;ks kZlqlq vkdk'k Hkh gS'n`g"'fgSghr ]g'kjh ];fp=ks ftles ftles mRrj aksesufn;k¡ izHaesn`Haesizdk nflskw',d&nks nrfs'rfls kizrks kizfp=ks a :fpdj ekulw a :fpdj ekulw ekulw uuekuokd` uha ekuokd` ds ds fnuks fnuks fnuks a Hkjiw a meM+ meM+ ugSmifLFkfr uizgSefgykvks s&jmifLFkfr s&gh s&ogh ?kqgh ?kqgh ?kqkgeeftues eftues M+ftues M+ftues M+"ukrk s cks s cks s cks okys okys a dk dk gh lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lqovkdk'k lqvkdk'k qekjks-vkS kjs-lj kjnvkS kjnlj dsds ds ds n`fofy;e n`yfyr 'gSgkrk 'kjh ;fp=ks ;fp=ks ;fp=ks a agFftles a Fesaksesu½ aksalmRrj a ala Vkbu vxz a vxz aVkbu vxz vxz vxz Hkwaesiz,d&nks Hkwtks fkwnrafkwls rs'rs'kizfge rks rks rksrks :fpdj :fpdj :fpdj rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks a a ls a ls a ls Hkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw jdh jdh jvkS jjgSmifLFkfr gSumifLFkfr gh ftues acks acks [ks al [ks al [ks [ks rds rds ]rcknyks ]cknyks ]a ds ]n`]lek ck¡ /';fp=ks /';fp=ks k]/';fp=ks k]/ak];fp=ks k]a ;fp=ks k]dk igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ ]dks ]dks tata ta ta ta xfp=ks xgh xgh xy]Nks xy]Nks y]Nks y]Nks y]Nks hhek;us hek;us >ks >ks >ks >ks >ks iiiifM+ ifM+ fM+ fM+ fM+;;;;iz;k¡nizk¡nku k¡k¡nku k¡;k ;k ;k ;k ;kdjrh dPps dPps dPps dPps dPps ?kj vkfn vkfn dk dk dk dk dk tk ldrk Avyx fo'kky fo'kky fo'kky vkS vkS vkS j j j cgq cgq cgq j j x a j x a x a h h h igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ dh dh dh ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks a a es a es es a a la a la la x x x hr hr hr lq lq lq u u u krh krh krh ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ tks tks tks fge fge fge [k.Mks [k.Mks [k.Mks a a ds a ds ds lkFk lkFk lkFk vius vius vius iw iw iw j j s j s iz s iz iz o o o kg kg kg es es es a a lkxj a lkxj lkxj es es es a a lek a lek lek tkus tkus tkus dh dh dh vkrq vkrq vkrq j j j gS gS gS A a A a A a dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds iz o Drk dyk xq : fcjs ' oj u }kjk iz f rikfnr dyk 'kS y h@fo"k; n` ' ; fp=dkjh dk vuq d j.k djrs fn[krs gS a ;'; n`n`'; ;;¼fnYyh½] '; '¼fnYyh½] 'fp=ks ; fp=ks ; fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks ] a ] a ] a leq ] a ] a leq ] a leq ] a leq ] a leq leq leq n leq n n z n n fp=ks z z n z fp=ks n fp=ks n z fp=ks z fp=ks z z fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a es a a a es es a es a es a ,d a es es a ,d es ,d a ,d a ,d a a ,d ,d ,d vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS j vkS vkS j j j fo'ks j fo'ks j fo'ks j fo'ks j fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks " " krk " " krk krk " krk " krk " " krk krk krk Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles a ik'pkR; a a a ik'pkR; ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; a a ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS y y y y h y y h y h y ls h h ls h ls h ls h ls iz ls ls iz ls iz H iz iz H kkfor H iz H iz iz kkfor H kkfor H kkfor H kkfor H kkfor kkfor kkfor efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks a dh a a a dh dh a dh a dh a a dh dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr gS gS gS A gS gS A A gS A gS n` gS A n` A n` A ' n` A ' ' n` ; ' n` n` ; ; ' ; ' ' fp=ks ; ; fp=ks ; fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a es a a a es es a es a es a tgk¡ a es es a tgk¡ es tgk¡ a tgk¡ a tgk¡ a a tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ ds ds ds ds ds ds ds n` n` n` n` ' n` ' n` ' n` ' ; ' ; ' ; ' ; ; ; fp=ks ; fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks ] a ] a ] a ] a leq ] a leq ] a leq ] a leq leq leq leq n n n n z n z n z fp=ks n z fp=ks fp=ks z fp=ks z z fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a a a es a es es a es a a es a es a es ,d a ,d ,d a ,d a a ,d ,d ,d vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS j j j j j fo'ks j fo'ks j fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks fo'ks " " " krk " krk krk " krk " " krk krk krk Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] Fkh] ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles a a a ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; a a ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS y y y y y h y h y h h ls h ls h ls h ls ls ls ls iz iz iz iz H iz H iz H iz H kkfor kkfor H kkfor H kkfor H kkfor kkfor kkfor efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks a a a dh a dh dh a dh a a dh dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr gS gS gS gS A gS A gS A gS A A n` A n` A n` n` ' n` ' n` ' n` ' ; ' ; ' ; ' ; ; ; fp=ks ; fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a a a es a es es a es a a es a es a es tgk¡ a tgk¡ tgk¡ a tgk¡ a a tgk¡ tgk¡ tgk¡ ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] ¼fnYyh½] /khjs /khjs /khjs /khjs /khjs /khjs UUnzUnzUnzUnzd` Unzd` nzd`fd;k d` ".kl"d` .k".klq".k .k nsnsotk nsotk nsqetk onsooekZ oukjoekZ oldrk oekZ oekZ oekZ oekZ ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka ¼'kka rfkjh fuds rfuds fuds fuds fuds rrru½ ru½ ru½ ru½ u½ u½ fd;k fd;k ldrk ldrk gS'¼'kka gSgSf;fp=ks ArfAAfrgrffrfuds ,s"d` s ".knsfutZ euks okrkoj.k a ,d&nks ekuokd` a jdhgSldrk mifLFkfr cksl ds n`djrk '/izk];fp=ks ,d ek;us iz;nk¡ ku cksvkfn lcknyks tk leq leq leq leq leq fespr fpr fvkS pr lalalalae:LFkyh la;;es;:fpdj ;;ksksat kst kst ksttuuNks uuugSgSVgSgS]gS]h]]]n`egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw ....kZf.kZHkjiw kZr;ks kZkZvkdk'k vkdk'k vkdk'k vkdk'k vkdk'k Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkhftues gSgSesgSgS]gS]]a A]n`]ftles ftles ftles atr a mRrj mRrj izizizniznnnigkM+ s'ns's's'ks'kgSkkkesAesgks esesa esa dks a]rekulw a ekulw a ekulw ekulw uuuuuvyx dsdsdsdsdsVfnuks fnuks fnuks fnuks a a a esa iesa esesesa fM+ a a meM+ a meM+ meM+ meM+ uu;k uuks&us&sa s&s&djrh s&?kqij ?kq?kqdPps ?kq?kqeeeeeM+gh M+M+M+M+uugSuusuugha s ?kj saAokys s okys s okys okys okys cknyks cknyks cknyks cknyks a dk a dk dk dklgt lgt lgt lgt lgtgh gh gh gh ghlk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj d ds n`¼'kka vxz Hhffkwpr rpr rRoks lsfd;k gh ]mRrj ck¡ tagfj;kyh] xy]Nks hfnuks >ks dka a a dk vkleku ykfyek dk;ksa a foLrkj fofp= 'ftles ouLifr foghu] futZa uesa igkM+ jrks 'egRoiw ftles a ,d tykHkko lwftles [la;a x[ks krsxl`hrhrra afisa mRrj MmRrj +]ukrh lekIr hekulw iRFkjks a@a meM+ igkM+ cfYd fo'kky fo'kky vkS vkS j j cgq cgq j j x a x a h h igkM+ igkM+ dh dh ?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks a a es es a a la lq lq u krh ufn;k¡ ufn;k¡ tks tks fge fge [k.Mks [k.Mks a a ds ds lkFk lkFk vius vius iw iw j j s s iz iz o o kg kg es es lkxj lkxj es es a a lek lek tkus tkus dh dh ogha ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr yfyr eks g u ls u dk iz H kko gS A ,s ,s ,s l l l s s futZ s futZ futZ u u u vkS vkS vkS j j j euks euks euks g g g kjh kjh kjh okrkoj.k okrkoj.k okrkoj.k es es es a a ,d&nks a ,d&nks ,d&nks Nks Nks Nks V V V h h h ekuokd` ekuokd` ekuokd` f f r;ks f r;ks r;ks a a dh a dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr cks cks cks l l l ds ds ds n` n` n` ' ' ' ;fp=ks ;fp=ks ;fp=ks a a dks a dks dks ,d ,d ,d vyx vyx vyx ek;us ek;us ek;us iz iz iz n n n ku ku ku djrh djrh djrh gS gS gS A a A a A a cks cks cks l l l ogha ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr yfyr eks g u ls u dk iz H kko gS A ykvksa dh mifLFkfr ouLifr 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a a ik'pkR; a a ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; a ik'pkR; thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS thou&'kS y y y y h y h y h ls y ls h h ls h ls h ls h ls iz ls iz ls ls iz H iz H iz iz H kkfor iz H kkfor iz H iz kkfor H kkfor H H kkfor H kkfor kkfor kkfor efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks a a dh a dh a dh a dh a a dh dh a dh a dh mifLFkfr dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr gS gS gS A gS A gS gS A gS A n` gS A n` gS A A n` ' n` A ' A n` n` ' ; n` ' ; n` ' ; ; fp=ks ; fp=ks ; fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks fp=ks a a es a es a es a a es a es tgk¡ a es a es tgk¡ a a tgk¡ tgk¡ a tgk¡ a tgk¡ ,sa ,sa,d l,d s s n`vkS futZ futZ ufo'ks vkS vkS ja krk euks g g kjh kjh okrkoj.k okrkoj.k es es a a ,d&nks ,d&nks Nks V V h h ekuokd` ekuokd` f r;ks a a dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr cks cks l l ds ds n` n` ' ' ;fp=ks ;fp=ks a a dks dks ,d ,d vyx vyx ek;us ek;us iz djrh gS gS A a A a cks cks l l ogha efgykvks yfyr eks u"euks ls u dk iz H kko gS A fd;k tk gS A leq f ; ks t u gS ] . gS ] ftles a n ' s k es a ekulw u ds fnuks a es a meM+ u & s ?kq e M+ u s okys cknyks a dk gh lk{kkRdkj fd;k tk iz a a lwvxz fisrfutZ :fpdj a ls dk Hkjiw jn`gS';ksa@gh ftues a [ks rn`n`ugha igkM+ ]vkleku tavkleku ha ykfyek igfj;kyh] fM+dk ;dk k¡dk ;k dPps ?kj vkfn vkleku ara ykfyek foLrkj ,d ''ugha gSvkleku AlekIr vkleku esesr'vkS ykfyek dk dkfd;k foLrkj foLrkj ,d ,d fofp= n`]ugha ';ck¡ ;;l` l`k]cfYd flek tr tr djrk djrk gSxgSvkleku Ay]Nks A vkrq vkleku vkleku esesesa esVajykfyek aykfyek esgks esgSykfyek al esl>ks ykfyek araAykfyek a jshjsykfyek dk foLrkj dk foLrkj dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj ,d ,d ,d ,d fofp= ,d fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= n`'';n`;'n`;';n`ugha l`';'l`;fl`;tr l` ffl` tr tr l` ftr ftr djrk fdjrk tr djrk djrk djrk djrk djrk gSgSgSAgSAAgSAgSAgA utZ utZ futZuuulqlqigkM+ igkM+ igkM+ hkjhhvkS vkS vkS jlljje:LFkyh e:LFkyh e:LFkyh n`n`'n`';ks ';ks ;ks a dh a ftles a ftles ftles a a tykHkko a tykHkko tykHkko esesesa foLrkj afoLrkj lw lwu[brus [krh [krskrsHkrskwisufn;k¡ MisMM+]rks +]lk{kh +]vkleku lekIr lekIr gksgks hrRoks ra;ks hykfyek hgfj;kyh] gfj;kyh] gfj;kyh] iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks a@igkM+ a@izigkM+ igkM+ saokfofp= sa gSkij sa kg ijij gh gh cfYd dk foLrkj ,d fofp= ouLifr foghu] ulekIr jtgk¡ e:LFkyh ftles tykHkko es/esl`cfYd a ffofo/k lw [krsdjrk is:i&ja Mvkleku +]dh iRFkjks a@,d igkM+ kfofp= sa ijn`n`n`n`'dk gh cfYd fpUgks aDrk ij pydj ltho xzuigkM+ k}kjk E; n`hesfizgks a tgk¡ dks isdyk aVjdyk FkkA fo'kky vkS jds cgq j;ax;y[kuÅ hy[kuÅ igkM+ ?kkfV;ks aLo;a esdyk adyk ladyk xml hr lq tks fge [k.Mks a dsa dyk lkFk vius iwh@fo"k; js`f`fizrrkfofp= es';'j;gh afp=dkjh lkxj ahfhtr tkus d q e cks ds n` ' fp=ks a dks ns [ kuk] dk cuuk gS nw j &nw j rd d gS vkS j mlds x ,d nw ds d q e kj cks n` ' fp=ks a dks ns [ kuk] Lo;a ml dk lk{kh cuuk gS nw &nw j rd iz d vkS j mlds fofo/k :i&ja x ,d nw ds vkLokn r` ` " .kk dks 'kkUr dj ,d u;s euks y ks d es ys tkrk gS A dgha rks nw &nw j rd 'kkfUr gS rks dgha mtkl vkS j gypy vkS j fdlh 'tgk¡ ; l`esfatr ogha ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr yfyr eks g u ls u dk iz H kko gS A dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds ds ds ds ds ds iz iz ds iz o iz o iz iz o iz o Drk iz Drk o iz o Drk o Drk o Drk o Drk Drk Drk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk xq xq xq : xq : xq xq : xq : xq : xq : : fcjs fcjs : : fcjs fcjs fcjs fcjs fcjs fcjs ' fcjs ' ' oj ' oj ' ' oj ' oj ' oj ' oj oj oj ls oj ls ls ls u ls u ls ls u u ls ls u }kjk }kjk u u }kjk u }kjk }kjk }kjk }kjk }kjk iz iz iz f iz rikfnr iz f rikfnr iz f rikfnr iz f rikfnr iz f rikfnr f rikfnr f rikfnr f rikfnr rikfnr dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk dyk 'kS 'kS 'kS 'kS y 'kS y 'kS 'kS y 'kS y 'kS h@fo"k; y h@fo"k; y y h@fo"k; y h@fo"k; y h@fo"k; h@fo"k; h@fo"k; h@fo"k; n` n` n` ' n` ' n` n` ' ; n` ' ; n` ' n` ' ; ' ; fp=dkjh ; fp=dkjh ; ; fp=dkjh fp=dkjh fp=dkjh fp=dkjh fp=dkjh fp=dkjh dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk vuq dk vuq vuq vuq vuq vuq vuq vuq d vuq d d d j.k d j.k d d j.k d j.k d j.k j.k j.k j.k j.k djrs djrs djrs djrs djrs djrs djrs djrs djrs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs fn[krs gS gS gS a gS a gS gS a gS a gS a gS a a a a ds ds n` n` ' ' ; ; fp=ks fp=ks ] a ] a leq leq n n z z fp=ks fp=ks a a es es a a ,d ,d vkS vkS j j fo'ks fo'ks " " krk krk Fkh] Fkh] ftles ftles a a ik'pkR; ik'pkR; thou&'kS thou&'kS y y ls ls iz iz H H kkfor kkfor efgykvks efgykvks a a dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr gS gS A A n` n` ' ' ; ; fp=ks fp=ks a a es es a a tgk¡ fd;k tk ldrk gS A fd;k tk ldrk gS A fd;k tk ldrk gS A leq f pr la ; ks t u gS ] egRoiw . kZ vkdk'k Hkh gS ] ftles a mRrj iz n ' s k es a ekulw u ds fnuks a es a meM+ u & s ?kq e M+ u s okys cknyks a dk lgt gh lk{kkRdkj lqdqekj ds n`';fp=ksa esa vxzHkwfr rks :fpdj rRoksesa a lsykfyek Hkjiwj dk gS ghfoLrkj ftues,d a [ksfofp= r] ck¡/k]n`'igkM+ taxdjrk y]NksVgShA >ksifM+;k¡ ;k dPps ?kj vkfn dk vkleku ;]] l`jpukRedrk] f]tr cu ,d l jp jgs tgk¡ lsyfyr dykdkj dk iizogha kZizHizkko O;fDrRo] mldh ÅtkZ jpukRedrk] dYiuk j'kS'kSjdk layiih@fo"k; rjnkko ko dk iwiwogha jjogha dd cu ,d ,s,sefgykvks l kkefgykvks lalagllkjh kjkja a dh jgs gSgSda a vkS tgk¡ lsyfyr dk laladk idk wf.Hizw.Hizr;ks kZkko O;fDrRo] mldh ÅtkZ dYiuk la&nw rkko ks kku vuq ko dk fo'kky jyfyr cgq jdykdkj axeks heks igkM+ dh ?kkfV;ks esgSkuk] a gSAgSla xAALo;a hrefgykvks lqxqxqml u::krh ufn;k¡ tks fge a eks dsgSgvyx lkFk izesesogSizgSa djrh esrHHa fp=dkjh lkxj esa mlds a lek tkus dh vkrq gS,d aAgu lsnwgSgSula a jsdkdsizHkko gSA aDrk lq q e kj cks l ds n` ' ; fp=ks a dks ns [ foLrkj dk lk{kh cuuk dvuq gSaAvkS fofo/k :i&ja ogha ogha ogha ogha ogha ogha ogha ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks afd;k dh ajp dh a dh a adh dh a dh a dh mifLFkfr dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr eks eks eks g eks g eks g eks eks u g u g g u g u g u ls g u ls u ls u ls u ls u ls ls u u ls ls u dk u dk u dk u dk u dk dk iz dk iz iz H iz H kko H kko H kko H kko H kko kko gS kko gS A gS A gS A gS A gS A A ,s l s futZ u vkS j euks okrkoj.k es a ,d&nks Nks V h ekuokd` a dh mifLFkfr cks l ds n` ' ;fp=ks ek;us cksjl ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr gtgk¡ u vkS lsua unwjvius dk ogha ik'pkR; a dh mifLFkfr yfyr udyk lsvkS izwiz.jw.iwik'pkR; HizkZHkZrd ogha dh eks dyk dyk egkfo|ky; egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ y[kuÅ ds ds o o Drk dyk dyk fcjs fcjs ' ' oj oj ls ls u u }kjk }kjk izayfyr iz[k.Mks rikfnr dyk y n`a n`kg ''';`f;;efgykvks fp=dkjh dk dkmifLFkfr vuq j.kyfyr djrs djrsjxfn[krs fn[krs tkjldrk fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k tk tk tk tk tk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSffgSsrikfnr gSAokys gSAgSAgS,d AgSAgSdk gSAgSAeks AAiRFkjks Acknyks leq fpr lafoghu] ;kstu futZ gS] egRoiw HkhgSgSA ] ftles mRrj a iztykHkko ns'k esa ekulw ds isfnuks esfd;k a fd;k meM+ s&tk ?kqtk egfj;kyh] M+ldrk udks dk lgt vkleku a ldrk ykfyek foLrkj ,d n`AAlk{kkRdkj l` ftr djrk gSvuq A ddj.k ouLifr u igkM+.kZh vkdk'k vkS e:LFkyh n`';ksa aftles esa lwu[krs M+] a lekIr gksutk resldrk htk a@igkM+ kh@fo"k; sa fofp= ij ghghugha cfYd vkLokn `".kk .kk dks dks 'kkUr dj,sa ,d ,d u;s euks ys tkrk AamifLFkfr nwfthou&'kS &nwNks rd 'kkfUr dgha mtkl vkS j`fdh gypy vkS fdlh n`,d eslsa dYiuk a u dkgSek;us lqfo'ks dj,d n`k 'tkrk ;fp=ks a ik'pkR; esdgha a jgs ,d o/; ]dykdkj fo"k;ks a izdk dk mUgks aus izvkS dcks rlgypy dsds ewn`ÅtkZ M'gSvkS dks tkuk vkSn`eks j'a'ges;;igpkuk AizvR;a kkcksHvkS ft;k vkLokn r`r``"fp=ks 'kkUr dj u;s euks yy ksksqedd"kjefgykvks eses,sds a a lyskjh gSgSjp AmifLFkfr dgha rksgSrkscSa yfyr nwyfyr jj&nw jjgSeks 'kkfUr gSfgSkkfor rksrks mtkl jamldh jj'yfyr fdlh esvyx cu tgk¡ ls[ks kZgSxtagStaxy]Nks O;fDrRo] ]n`dPps jpukRedrk] iw.djrh kZrk lsesa gSnsvuq ko dslqd n`qd leq nz fp=ks esl a HkwHkws f,d jvkS krk Fkh] ls/ck¡ Hdk AdPps ;?kj fp=ks ik'pkR; a ls a Hkjiw dh eks ur]uck¡ uk]/ck¡ u/k]/k]ogha dk izoSfofp= izik'pkR; HlafH]o/;A kko AmifLFkfr uik'pkR; gl`rRoks a gSgh Va rd hfoLrkj r;ks a ]i]dgha dh ;fp=ks a ?kj dks aA[djrk l jgSdk efgykvks mifLFkfr ua tgk¡ HvkS kkojizrgSnlaku AfudV lqlqlq lqd lqlqdd lqlqqtk ed edqed qe'kjdkjqeqekjqe;kjldrk qesekjqekjds kjds dsdsdsds n`ds n`dsn`'n`'n`n`gS';fp=ks n`'a];fp=ks n`'n`';fp=ks ';fp=ks ';fp=ks ;fp=ks ;fp=ks ;fp=ks esa esa ouLifr a esa esa esa esavxz esvxz a esaesvxz a vxz a vxz a vxz a vxz vxz Hvxz H,d Hogha fkwHiwfutZ rogha kwHfrkwfHfoghu] kwrHfjkwrfkwrfkwd rfofp= rks frrks frvkS rks rrks rks rksrks :fpdj rks :fpdj rks :fpdj :fpdj :fpdj :fpdj :fpdj :fpdj :fpdj rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks rRoks a a lals a okrkoj.k ls a ahftles lsa lsl a vkleku lsls Hkjiw lskjdh lsHkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw Hkjiw jje:LFkyh gS,d&nks gh gSgh gh gh gh ftues gh ftues ghftues ftues ftues ftues ftues ftues ftues a ;ks a dk a [ks a a [ks aa[ks [ks raftles [ks ar[ks [ks rg][ks rg]ry r]ekuokd` r]ck¡ r]h]ck¡ ck¡ ]ls]ls ck¡ /ck¡ ck¡ /,d k]/k]/k]igkM+ /k]igkM+ k]igkM+ k]igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ ]kko ta]taefgykvks ]esw.]tata ]x]ta xta ta y]Nks xAxy]Nks xy]Nks x[y]Nks xy]Nks y]Nks y]Nks y]Nks Vl`VVa hVishdh VfVhVtr hM>ks Vh>ks Vhh>ks >ks h+]h>ks >ks imifLFkfr >ks ivkleku >ks idjrk >ks fM+ ifM+ iifM+ ifM+ ifM+ ifM+ ;fM+ ;fM+ ;fM+ ;k¡k¡;;k¡;k¡gS;k ;k¡;k ;k¡k¡;k ;k k¡k¡;k ;k ;k dPps ;k dPps ;k dPps dPps dPps dPps dPps ?kj ?kj ?kj ?kj ?kj ?kj vkfn ?kj vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn vkfn dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk dk fd;k A';fp=ks vkleku akjkjdsykfyek dka a foLrkj n`euks ';uefgykvks frRoks tr djrk gSjjgSjAjgSjesgSjgSjesgSgSgh a ykfyek n` ' ; A es a ykfyek dk foLrkj ,d fofp= n` ' ; l` f tr A futZ igkM+ vkS j n` ' a tykHkko a lw krs lekIr gks r h gfj;kyh] iRFkjks @ a igkM+ k s ij gh ugha cfYd lq d q e kj ds n` ' ;fp=ks a es a ,d cS f o/; gS ] fo"k;ks a oS f o/;A mUgks u a s iz d ` f r ds ew M dks tkuk vkS fo'kky vkSjj cgq cgqjjaxaxhh igkM+ igkM+ dh dhds?kkfV;ks ?kkfV;ks hr krhfcjs ufn;k¡ tks,d fge [k.Mks lkFk vius lkxj tkus dh vkrq gSeksrHkh vuqlqlq Hu:zuko gSufn;k¡ tks fl)gLr vkS jrikfnr xqdyk :esftles vks a'kS}kjk rduhd ls gqj.k v krks gSjjAgSdgha rkslsumifLFkfr tgk¡ ,d vks o"kkZ _rq dh fo'kky vkS a a esesa ax;k laladyk xa]x`"hr krh tks fge [k.Mks aya dsdsKksFkh] lkFk vius iwiwizjjs ngSs izizRr kgkgf'kYi es'es;a a rks lkxj esesa ydh a a lek tkus dh vkrq aAaAfn[krs vkLokn r`Hkh .kk dks 'kkUr dj u;s euks d a fnuks ys tkrk Aus&uos&ouus&us&?kqdgha nwokys jsokys &nw jlek rd 'kkfUr gSefgykvks mtkl vkS jHkko gypy jgSgSgSfdlh n`'; esa jgSigpkuk ogha ik'pkR; mifLFkfr yfyr glk{kkRdkj izfd;k gSjn`Aldrk dyk egkfo|ky; ds.n`kZ.kZ.vkdk'k izvkdk'k ovkdk'k Drk xqftles 'a mRrj oj ls ukwnizkwizfnizs'fnvkS }kjk izekulw fa ekulw yaesmeM+ h@fo"k; n`s&?kqes&efgykvks fp=dkjh dk vuq dlgt djrs gSiiadk 'vkdk'k ;vkdk'k fp=ks leq n]ftles fp=ks esa mRrj amRrj ,d jrks fo'ks "eeZ krk ik'pkR; thou&'kS hcknyks ls izlkdkj Hdk kkfor a uVdh gStk Atk 'ldrk ;vkS fp=ks a esa Hk;kogrk tgk¡ fd;k tk ldrk gS A leq leq leq leq leq leq leq leq fleq fpr fpr fpr fpr fpr fpr fpr fpr pr lalalala;la;lala;;la ksla ks;t;t ks;kst ;kst ;ksut ksutkstuksuttugSugSuugSu]gS]gSgS]gS]y[kuÅ egRoiw gS]egRoiw gS]]egRoiw egRoiw ]]egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw egRoiw . . . kZ . kZ vkdk'k kZ . kZ . kZ vkdk'k kZ kZ vkdk'k vkdk'k Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh gS Hkh gS gS ] gS ] gS gS ] gS ] gS gS ] ] ftles ftles ] ] ftles ftles ftles ftles ftles a mRrj a mRrj a mRrj a mRrj a a mRrj mRrj iz iz iz n iz ' s iz n iz n ' s k n ' s k n ' s n ' s k ' s k es es ' s k ' s k es k es a k a es k es ekulw a es a es ekulw a es ekulw a ekulw a a ekulw ekulw ekulw u u u u u ds u ds u u ds u ds ds ds ds fnuks fnuks ds ds fnuks fnuks fnuks fnuks fnuks fnuks a a es a es a es a es a a es a es meM+ a es meM+ a es meM+ a a meM+ meM+ a a meM+ meM+ meM+ u u ?kq u & s u & s ?kq & s ?kq e ?kq e ?kq e M+ ?kq M+ ?kq e e M+ e M+ u e M+ e u M+ M+ u s u M+ s M+ u okys u s okys u s u s u okys s s okys okys s okys okys cknyks cknyks cknyks cknyks cknyks cknyks cknyks cknyks a a dk a a dk a dk a a dk dk a a dk dk lgt dk lgt lgt lgt lgt lgt lgt lgt gh gh gh gh gh gh gh lk{kkRdkj gh lk{kkRdkj gh lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj fd;k fd;k tk ldrk A A A lq lq d d q e q e kj kj ds ds n` n` ' ' ;fp=ks ;fp=ks a a es es vxz vxz H H r r rks :fpdj :fpdj rRoks rRoks a a ls ls Hkjiw Hkjiw j j gS gS gh gh ftues ftues a a [ks [ks r r ] ] ck¡ ck¡ / / k] k] igkM+ igkM+ ] ] ta ta x x y]Nks y]Nks V h h >ks >ks fM+ fM+ ; ; k¡ k¡ ;k ;k dPps dPps ?kj ?kj vkfn vkfn dk dk vkleku a gSykfyek dk ,d fofp= l` djrk gSvkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku esa tks esaesykfyek esaykfyek aesds ykfyek esa ykfyek esdgha aesykfyek a ykfyek a dkj.k aykfyek aykfyek ykfyek ykfyek dk dk dk foLrkj dk dk foLrkj dk dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d fofp= ,d fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= n`vkS n`ls ;'n`j';n`gcfYd 'kg n`;n`'vyx ;n`ft;k 'vyx l` ;'vyx ';l`'dh ;l` ;esl` f;;l`ftr l`tr fa l`fl`tr fl`tr l`ftr ftr fx;k tr fLFkku tr fLFkku djrk tr tr djrk djrk djrk djrk djrk djrk djrk djrk gSgSgSAHgSAgSrks AgSAgSAgSgSAgStkus AgSAgSdgha AgSAa AaAaAtksdhnksfl)gLr ouLifr futZa uesaigkM+ h fvkS jese:LFkyh ';ksfoLrkj ftles a tykHkko [a dd isrbUgha MbUgha gks resesigpkuk hrks gfj;kyh] iRFkjks a@vius igkM+ kgS,d sa,d gh okrkoj.kA d qecla fo'ks ""vkS krkvks ds rks vius ledkyhuks LFkku cukrs okrkoj.kA okrkoj.kA qeewqexkjfkjMhr kjtr bUgha fo'ks fo'ks "Akrkvks krkvks ds dkj.k dkj.k gh gh rks rks vius ledkyhuks ledkyhuks a 'ols cukrs lqdogha qekj ik'pkR; dsfoghu] n`';fp=ks ,d o/; ] fo"k;ks a dk mUgks aukko s izdgSesn`A`dgha fara 'lqlweslqlq;ds dks tkuk gS[k.Mks Adk vR;a rfoLrkj fudV ls nsfofp= [fofp= kkjugha vuq ko vkSj eeZKdkxq:vksa } rksyfyr dh gfj;kyh] jgk gSj}kjk lwdk [ggh kkdk iM+ jgk,d Aij dgha rktxh gSlek gj fo'kky vkSmlds j n`Nks cgq jhhgckn axoSa ekuokd` hfo/;A igkM+ dh ?kkfV;ks laxqkrs lqal+]lfn[k u'lekIr krh ufn;k¡ fge afoLrkj ds lkFk vius iwAdjrh s lq izn`a 'n`a cn`ls lkxj esdjrk a cukrs vkrq efgykvks a dhcSdyk mifLFkfr eks u ls u dk iz H ,s,sfd;k llfd;k sfd;k sfd;k futZ futZ uutk vkS vkS jldrk j euks euks okrkoj.k es es a a ,d&nks ,d&nks Nks V V ekuokd` f f r;ks r;ks a a dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr cks cks ds ds n` n` ' ' ;fp=ks ;fp=ks a a dks dks ,d ,d vyx vyx ek;us ek;us iz iz n n ku ku djrh gS gS A a A a cks cks l l ogha ik'pkR; efgykvks dh mifLFkfr yfyr eks g u ls u dk iz H kko gS A ogha ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr yfyr eks u ls u dk iz H kko gS ogha ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr yfyr eksilk{kkRdkj gfn[krs u jdh lsgSuaA rfil dk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds iz o Drk dyk : fcjs oj ls u iz f rikfnr dyk 'kS y h@fo"k; n` ' ; fp=dkjh dk vuq d j.k djrs gSa izHkko gSA fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k tk tk tk tk tk tk ldrk tk ldrk tk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk ldrk gSgSgSAgSAgSggSAggSAgSAgSkjh Akjh AAA okrkoj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS A fd;k tk ldrk gS A fd;k tk ldrk gS A leq leq f f pr pr la la ; ; ks ks t t u u gS gS ] ] egRoiw egRoiw . . kZ kZ vkdk'k vkdk'k Hkh Hkh gS gS ] ] ftles ftles a a mRrj mRrj iz iz n n ' s ' s k k es es a a ekulw ekulw u u ds ds fnuks fnuks a a es es a a meM+ meM+ u u & s & s ?kq ?kq e e M+ M+ u u s s okys okys cknyks cknyks a a dk dk lgt lgt gh gh lk{kkRdkj vkleku dk foLrkj fofp= ;esl`a ,d fizlqtr gSgSArduhd x;k vuqHeskoa ykfyek gS tks fl)gLr vkS j,d eeZ K'xq;fp=ks : vksn`'a }kjk ndRrcSqedjrk f'kYi ls lkdkj gqkktk;s v kmUgks gSrks ArksrksrHkh rks tgk¡ ,d vks jtkuk o"kkZ _rq dhtyja Hk;kogrk gSgqvrk fudV x;k vuq H ko gS tks fl)gLr vkS j eeZ K xq : vks a }kjk iz n Rr f'kYi rduhd ls lkdkj gS A rHkh rks tgk¡ ,d vks j o"kkZ _rq dh Hk;ko lq d q e kj ds n` a f o/; ] fo"k;ks a dk oS f o/;A u a s iz d ` f r ew M dks vkS j igpkuk vR;a ls ns [ kk vkS j ft;k okrkoj.kA kj bUgha fo'ks " krkvks a ds dkj.k gh vius ledkyhuks a ls vyx LFkku cukrs gS A a rduhdh n` f "V ls ns [ kk lq d q e kj ds n` ' ;fp=ks a es a dgha rks x rduhdh rduhdh n` n` f f "V "V ls ls ns ns [ [ kk tk;s tk;s lq lq d d q e q e kj kj ds ds n` n` ' ' ;fp=ks ;fp=ks a a es es a a dgha dgha rks rks tyja tyja x x fp=ks leq fp=ks esogha ,d vkSs rksfutZ fo'ks krkjFkh] Fkh] ftles ik'pkR; thou&'kS lsck¡ Hkkfor kkfor efgykvks a dh dh mifLFkfr fp=ks tgk¡ dsdslqn`n`d '';qe;kjfp=ks a]n`a] leq nnz z fp=ks a a a esvxz a a ,d vkS jjtk fo'ks ""vkS krk ftles a a ik'pkR; thou&'kS yy hh]lsls izizekuokd` Hk]fd;k efgykvks a mifLFkfr mifLFkfr gSgS;k AA n`n`dPps ''';;;fp=ks fp=ks a a vkfn esesdks a a tgk¡ ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr yfyr eks g u u dk iz H kko gS A ,s l u euks g kjh okrkoj.k es a ,d&nks Nks V h f r;ks a dh cks l ds n` ,d vyx ek;us iz n ku djrh gS A a cks l ogha ik'pkR; efgykvks a dh mifLFkfr yfyr eks g u ls u dk iz H kko gS A ds ' ;fp=ks a es H kw f r :fpdj rRoks a ls Hkjiw j gS gh ftues a [ks r / igkM+ ] ta x y]Nks V h >ks i fM+ ; k¡ ?kj dk fd;k fd;k tk ldrk ldrk gS gS A A tk ldrk gS A vkleku esdh ykfyek dk foLrkj fofp= n`rfil 'ugha ;ugha l`cfYd fcfYd tr djrk gSAr dh ouLifr ouLifr ouLifr ouLifr ouLifr ouLifr ouLifr ouLifr ouLifr foghu] foghu] foghu] foghu] foghu] foghu] foghu] foghu] foghu] futZ futZ futZ futZ futZ futZ futZ futZ futZ uunuux;k uigkM+ uigkM+ uuigkM+ uigkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ igkM+ hhhhvkS hvkS hHhvkS vkS hko hvkS vkS jvkS jvkS vkS jje:LFkyh je:LFkyh jje:LFkyh je:LFkyh e:LFkyh e:LFkyh e:LFkyh e:LFkyh n`n`n`'n`'n`n`';ks n`';ks n`'gSn`';ks ';ks';ks a ';ks agq;ks ftles a;ks ftles a;ks aftles aftles a ftles aftles aftles ftles ftles aAa tykHkko a tykHkko a rHkh aKtykHkko atykHkko alwtykHkko atykHkko atykHkko tykHkko tykHkko esesa es}kjk esa aeseslwjgk aeslwa esalw es,d alw[a lw[alwalw[[lw krs lwkrs [[gSkrs [krs [krs [vks krskrs iskrs iskrsisMdgha isMjisisMisMf'kYi +]isM+]iso"kkZ MM+]+]MlekIr M+]lekIr +]+]lekIr lekIr +]lq +]lekIr lekIr lekIr lekIr lekIr gksgks gks gkslq gks ragks rgks rgks hrgks hrHk;kogrk rhrktxh rhgfj;kyh] rhgfj;kyh] rqehls hgfj;kyh] gfj;kyh] hhgfj;kyh] gfj;kyh] gfj;kyh] gfj;kyh] gfj;kyh] iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks iRFkjks a@a@gSigkM+ a@igkM+ a@,d igkM+ a@AigkM+ a@nks a@igkM+ igkM+ a@igkM+ a@rHkh igkM+ igkM+ kgj ksa sakkij sa ij ksa ksaij ksaij ksa ij ksaij saij ij gh ij gh gh ghgh gh gh ugha ugha gh ugha ugha ugha ugha ugha cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd cfYd okrkoj.kA d kj bUgha fo'ks " krkvks a ds dkj.k gh rks vius ledkyhuks a ls vyx LFkku cukrs mlds ckn dha }kjk gfj;kyh] dgha cla rje:LFkyh fn[k jgk rks dgha [ kk iM+ A c g gS rks dgha i dh dk Lr vkS j eeZ K xq : vks iz Rr f'kYi rduhd ls lkdkj v k gS rks tgk¡ _rq gS rks mlds ckn dh gfj;kyh] dgha cla fn[k jgk gS rks dgha lwgSgS[aA aMkk iM+ jg vuq gS tks fl)gLr vkS j eeZ xq : vks iz n Rr rduhd lkdkj gq v k rks tgk¡ ,d vks j o"kkZ _rq Hk;kogrk gS lqrksdyk d q e kj ds n` ' ;fp=ks a es a ,d cS f o/; gS ] fo"k;ks a dk oS f o/;A mUgks u a s iz d ` f r ds ew M dks tkuk vkS j igpkuk gS A vR;a r fudV ls ns [ kk vkS j ft;k ogha ik'pkR; a xdgha dhcknyks yfyr eksfn[krs gyu jalsxgSgSuksa a dh dkfd;k izHkkko gSldrk Adgha dk dk dk iz"V izoiz'zo'fp=ks okg kgmRrj kggSnslsgSlsgS[a rks rks rks dgha dgha dgha rSfrSfa rikfnr y rSrikfnr yjlqyjafo'ks jaxjaxqeksxaksuadk kskjadk dk LVª LVª LVª ksd k'kS sd ksd rks rksh@fo"k; rks dgha dgha dgha bEis bEis bEis Lefgykvks L;eVksLVks Vks vkS vkS vkS jjjdgha dgha gSmifLFkfr gSygSaMizaMvuq aMvuq dk o kg gS rks dgha rS dk LVª d s rks bEis L Vks vkS j dgha dyk egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds iz o Drk dyk xq : fcjs oj u }kjk iz dyk 'kS y h@fo"k; n` ' fp=dkjh dk d j.k djrs fn[krs rduhdh n` f ls kk tk;s rks d ds n` ' ;fp=ks a es a dgha rks tyja egkfo|ky; y[kuÅ ds iz o Drk dyk xq : fcjs oj u }kjk iz dyk y n` ' ; fp=dkjh dk d j.k djrs ds n` ' ; fp=ks ] a leq n es a ,d vkS " krk Fkh] ftles a ik'pkR; thou&'kS h ls iz H kkfor efgykvks mifLFkfr gS A n` ' ; fp=ks a es a tgk¡ fd;k tk ldrk gS A leq f pr la ; ks t u gS ] egRoiw . kZ vkdk'k Hkh gS ftles a iz n ' s k es ekulw ds fnuks a es a meM+ u & s ?kq M+ u s okys a dk lgt gh lk{kkRdkj fd;k tk tk ldrk gS gS A A lqfoLrkj douLifr qe,d kj,d ds n`fofp= ';fp=ks es;l`fl`fl`tr a ftr Hdjrk kwdjrk fvkleku rdjrk rks rRoks a;ks lsa a"cukrs HkjiwjgSa a dstykHkko gS,d ghfofp= ftues ]l`l`isisck¡ igkM+gSgks xgfj;kyh] y]NksLFkku Vhdk>ks ifM+a@;a@igkM+ ;k kksa dPps ?kj dk djrk gSA vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku vkleku esesesesa aesykfyek esaesykfyek a esykfyek aesykfyek a aykfyek ykfyek a kjykfyek a ykfyek ykfyek dk dk dk dk dk dk dk foLrkj dk foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj foLrkj ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= fofp= n`n`n`'n`'n`n`'rks ;n`';n`'n`';futZ ';futZ ';l` 'a;l` ;;l` l` l`fvxz tr fdgha tr fokrkoj.kA tr figkM+ tr figkM+ tr tr djrk djrk djrk djrk djrk djrk gSvkS gSrgSAgSAgSgSjAlqgSjAgSA:fpdj gSAAe:LFkyh AAlsesqeesa vyx vkleku ykfyek dk foLrkj ,d fofp= ;rkrs fMtr tr djrk gS]gks dk foLrkj frks djrk vkleku foLrkj fofp= n`'vkfn ;cfYd l`ftr ouLifr foghu] ufl` utr hh rduhd vkS n`n`fo'ks ''rks ;ks ftles ftles esnses[a a,d lwalwn`kkn`gS[ks ['['vius Mledkyhuks +]/+]lqk]lekIr lekIr hhvyx gfj;kyh] iRFkjks igkM+ ij gh ghrfil ugha ugha cfYd okrkoj.kA bUghadk fo'ks "foLrkj krkvks ackn ds,d ledkyhuks a e:LFkyh d kjalsykfyek bUgha 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yfyr yfyr yfyr eks eks eks eks eks eks g eks g g g u g u g u g u u ls ls ls u ls ls u ls u u u dk dk dk dk dk dk iz iz iz iz H iz H iz H iz kko H H kko H kko kko kko kko gS gS gS gS A gS A gS A gS A A A A ogha ogha ogha ogha ogha ogha ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; ik'pkR; efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks efgykvks a a dh a dh a a dh dh a dh a dh dh mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr mifLFkfr yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr yfyr eks eks eks eks eks g eks g eks g g u g u g u u g u ls u ls u ls ls lsuulsuls uudk udk udk dk dk dk izizaizizHizHizHkko Hizkko Hkko Hkko Hkko kko kko gSgSgSgSAgSAgSAAgSAAA dyk ds iz o Drk dyk xq : fcjs ls u }kjk iz f rikfnr dyk 'kS y h@fo"k; n` ' ; dk vuq d j.k djrs fn[krs gSdk fd;k tk ldrk gSA a a dh fd;k tk ldrk gSgS] AAn`ftles fd;k tk ldrk fd;k tk fofp= ldrk gSn`Au's;okys leq fcSfvkleku pr lagSgSgS;]gS]gSgS]ksgS]fo"k;ks t ua fo"k;ks gSa ]a dk egRoiw .o/;A kZo/;A vkdk'k Hkh gS`frd adks mRrj iztkuk nvkS s'vkS 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