The Archaeology of the Sierra Blanca Region of Southeastern New Mexico 9780932206961, 9781949098976

Table of contents :
Contents
Tables
Charts
Figures
Plates
Maps
Foreword to the 1984 Edition, by John D. Speth
Preface - 1984
Acknowedgments: 1966 and 1984
Introduction
1. A Survey of Natural Potential Resources of Southeastern New Mexico
Introduction
Inorganic Resources
Stone
Clay
Ornamental Stones and Pigments
Metal and Coal
Resources Pertinent to Agriculture
Water
Soil
Temperature
Agricultural Resources and Limitations
Organic Resources
Plants as Potential Resources
Animals as Potential Resources
Summary Statement on Organic Resources
2. Regional Review of the Ecology and Archaeology
Dating Problems
Chupadero Region
The Setting
Archaeological Sequence
South-central New Mexico from the Tularosa Basin to the Rio Grande
The Setting
Archaeological Sequence of the Southern Regions
Archaeological Sequence of the Northern Tularosa Basin
Guadalupe Mountain Region
The Pecos Valley
The Setting
Archaeological Sequence
The Llano Estacado
Summary
3. Archaeological Sites of the Sierra Blanca Region
The Setting
History of the Fieldwork
The Sites
Mayhill Sites 1 and 2
Site 2000
The Bonnell Site
Clint Sultemeier Site
Hiner Site 1
Phillips Site
Block Lookout Site
Bloom Mound
Phases
The Glencoe Phase
The Corona Phase
The Lincoln Phase
Summary
4. Intra- and Interregional Comparisons of Individual Culture Traits
Placement and Internal Organization of Sites in the Sierra Blanca Region
Ecological Distribution of Sites
Topographical Location of Sites
The Factor of Defense in Site Locations
Village Organization
Pithouses and Other Subterranean Structures
Raw Materials and Their Utilization in Pithouses
Pithouse Shape
Depth of House Pits
Treatment of Pit Walls
Floor Treatment
Lateral Entrances and Ventilators
Benches
Interior Pits and Depressions
Firepits and Fire Areas
Ash Receptacles
Houses Outlined with Upright Stone Slabs
Cobbles Used in Structures
A Slab-lined Pithouse with Masonry Walls
House Units Composed of Contiguous Pit Rooms
Superstructure Construction
Roof Construction
Secondary Interior Posts
Minor Construction Elements Involving Posts
Adobe and/or Masonry Surface Structures
Shape of the Pueblo Structures
Wall Construction and Building Materials
Roof Construction
Interior Posts
Firepits
Ash Box
Sub-floor Pits
Use of Upright Stone Slabs
Doorways
Jacal Construction
Ceremonial Structures in Southeastern New Mexico
Review of Archaeological Evidence
Sipapus
Summary
Food Processing Tools
Metates and Basin Milling Stones
Manos and Grinding Stones
Mortars and Pestles
Summary
Other Grinding Implements
"Palettes"
Grinding Slabs
Stone Abrading Tools
Grooved Abraders
Striated Abrader
Flat Abraders
Hafted Tools
Axes
Grooved Hammers, Mauls, and Other Hafted Tools
Hammerstones
Cooking Accessories
Comales
Pot Lids
Fire Dogs
Cooking Racks
Summary
Ceremonial, Ornamental, or Recreational Artifacts
Stone and Pottery Animal Figures
Incense Burners
Pipes
Gaming Pieces
Bone Whistles
Bone Tubes
Miscellaneous Bone Items Probably Used for Personal Adornment
Ornaments
Summary
Weapons Complex
Arrow Shaft-straighteners
Projectile Points
Small Tools Used in Crafts
Chipped Stone Tools
Bone Awls
Other Small Bone Tools
Polishing Stones
Disposal of the Dead
Woven Materials
Pottery of the Sierra Blanca Region
Native Types and Variants
Interregional Trade Pottery
Elements that Cross-cut Pottery Types
Description of Four Pottery Types Native to the Sirra Blanca Region
Jornada Brown
Chupadero Black-on-White and Related Types and Varieties
Three Rivers Red-on-Terracotta and Related Types
Lincoln Black-on-Red
Regional Subsistence Patterns in the Subarea
Summary of Cultural Relationships in the Sierra Blanca Region
5. Origins and Development of Sedentary Life in Southeastern New Mexico
Relationships Between the Hueco and Mesilla Phases
Primary Sources of Pueblo I and II Culture
Subsequent Development of Sedentary Village Life
Abandonment - When and Why
Ethnic Identity
Marginalism and Cultural Conservatism
Suggestions for Future Work
Appendix 1. Archaeology of the Upper Gallo Drainage
Introduction
Excavated Sites or Features Not Assigned to a Phase
Clint Sultemeier Site 2
Clark Site 1
Isolated Feature at the Frank Sultemeier Site
Comment on the Three Preceding Features
An Excavated Site of the Corona Phase Clint Sultemeier Site 1
Surveyed Sites of the Corona Phase
Black Stump Canyon Site
Hiner Site 2
Clark Site 2
Excavated Sites of the Lincoln Phase
Frank Sultemeier Site
Hiner Site 1
Ryberg Site 3
Laboratory of Anthropology Survey
Appendix 2. Sites in the Upper Macho Drainage
The Phillips Site
Surveyed House Units
Excavated House Units
Early Lincoln Phase House Excavations
Late Lincoln Phase House Units
A Private Collection
Artifacts from Phillips Ranch Site
Food Remains
Pottery
Relative Dating of House Units and Individual Structures Using Pottery Lots
The Phillips Site Petroglyphs
Carrizo Mountain Silicified Shale Mines
Robinson Site
Small Sites West of the Phillips Site
Summary
Appendix 3. Sites North of Capitan Mountain
The Locale
Homestead Site
Las Tablas Site
Block Headquarters Site of the Lincoln Phase
Block Lookout Site of the Lincoln Phase
Introduction
Excavated Structures
Artifacts
Food Remains
Burials
Skeletal Analysis of the Adult Burial in Room 1, by Erik Reed
Pottery
Pottery as a Temporal Indicator
Locality Summary
Appendix 4. Sites In and Adjacent to the Upper Hondo Drainage
Introduction
A Geological Feature: The "Aqueduct"
Preceramic Sites
Pfingsten Site 1
Feather, Chipmunk, or Smetnick Cave
Sites Not Assigned to a Phase
Threlkeld Site
Sites in the Upper Ruidoso Valley
Upper Stanton Site
Hondo Schoolyard Site
Riverside Site
The Fortification
Site on Bonito Lake
A Corona Phase Site
The Escondida Site
Glencoe Phase Sites
McDaniel Site
Pfingsten Site 2
Perry Site
Close Gravel Pit Site
Nogal Mesa Site
Nogal Canyon Site
Upper Bonito Site II
Upper Bonito Site III
A Site with Glencoe and Lincoln Phase Components
Fred Pfingsten Site
Lincoln Phase Sites
Mesa Ranger Station Site
Young Site
Upper Bonito Site
Lower Stanton or Stanton Ruin
Double Crossing Site
Baca Site
Hulbert Site
Dow Site
Las Chosas Site
Blue Water Sites
Appendix 5. The Bonnell Site (LA 612) of the Late Glencoe Phase
Introduction
The Setting
Fieldwork at the Bonnell site
Building History of the Village
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
Description of Excavated Structures
Discussion of Architectural Features of Houses
Orientation
House Types
Function
House Pits
Floors
Internal Posts and Post Holes
Wall Posts and Post Holes
Roof Construction
Entrances
Fire Areas
Ash Pits
Bench
Sub-floor Pits
Recess in House Pit Wall
Floor Depressions
Sub-floor Burials
Features Located Outside Houses
Hearths of Fire-cracked Rocks
Storage Pits
Posts and Post Holes
Burials
Summary Statement on Architecture
Artifacts
Gound-stone Tools
Miscellaneous Stone Objects
Pigments
Unaltered Stones
Chipped Stone Tools
Hammerstones
Bone Artifacts
Other Bone Tools
Shell Objects
Fired Clay Objects Other Than Pottery Vessels
Food Products
Plants
Animals
Pottery
Characteristics of the Pottery
Summary
Disposal of the Dead
Burial Descriptions
Other Human Bones
Dating
Ceramic Correlations
Internal Chronology
Summary
Appendix 6. Bloom Mound in the Lower Hondo Valley
Introduction
Setting
History of Research at Bloom Mound
Architecture
Rooms
Function of the Rooms
Material Culture
Chipped Stone Artifacts
Ground Stone
Miscellaneous Stone
Unworked Stones
Objects of Bone
Ornaments
Objects of Clay Other Than Pottery Vessels
Copper Bells
Pottery
Woven Materials
Notes on Basketry and Textiles from Bloom Mound, by Elizabeth King
Skeletal Material
Food Remains
Dating
Summary
Appendix 7. Sites Along the Upper and Middle Penasco River
Preceramic Features
Early Glencoe Phase Sites
Mayhill Site 1
Mayhill Site 2
Pithouse Excavated by Roger Green
Late Glencoe Phase Sites
Site 2000
Other Sites
Summary and Discussion
Conflicting Phase Designations
Early Glencoe Phase
Late Glencoe Phase
Appendix 8. Three Sites Northwest of Roswell, New Mexico
Salt Creek Site
Upper Salt Creek Site
Blackwater Creek Site
Bibliography

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