The American Way: A Geographical History of Crisis and Recovery 0847687139, 9780847687138
The geography of contemporary U.S. political economy―the relocation of firms toward the sunbelt and abroad; the decline
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Table of contents :
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
AcknowIedgments
Introduction
PART ONE: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
1 Space, Time, and the American Way
2 The Periodic Structuring of the American Past
3 The Dynamics of Policy Regimes: Liberalism, Republicanism, and Their Variants
4 Policy Regimes and Geographical Reconstructions
5 Regulatory Regimes and the Geographies of Producer and Consumer Revolutions
6 Spatial Enlargement s in American Power : Sectional, National, and Transnational States
PART TWO: COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS
7 Backing into Empire
8 "We are all English, That is one good fact." : Cromwell's Model Republican Geographies, 1630s–1680s
9 Lockean Geographies: Liberalism and Its Geographical Consequences,1680s–1730s
10 Imperial Geographies: The Republican Restoration, 1740s–1 780s
PART THREE: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIES
11 Out with the Old, in with the New : The Reconstitution of the American States and Its Geographical Parameters
12 Space/Time: Four Spatial Variables across Two Centuries and Five Policy Regimes: The National Era. 1780s–2000
References
Index
About the Author
Citation preview
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A Geographical History of Crisis and Recovery
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The American Way
The American Way A Geographical Histor)J of Crisis and Recovery
CARVILLE EARLE
ROW’NL‘KN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Luz/mm ' Bum/«1U ' .‘N'L'w “Wk ' O.\_')"urd
ROWMAN 8: l,l'l"l'l.l€l:ll'il.l) PUBLISHERS, INC Published in the United States ot‘Ametica by Rowman a: Littlelieltl Publishers, lne. A wholly owned subsidiary ol‘The Rowntau & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard. Suite 200, Lanham, h'lzn‘yland 31mm
wum-'.r0w:mtnlittlelieldeout PO Box 3l710xl1u‘dUX2{)RU. UK Copyright © gun} by Ron-man S: |.ilt|efie|d Publishers, lne. All rights l"t‘.\'(‘rt'(‘£tl. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored tn a reli'ie\-al system. or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, Iueehanteal~ photocopying, tecot'dtng, or otherwise, without the prior pernusston ol'lhe publisher.
British labrary (‘ataloguiug in Publication information Available
Earle, Carville.
The Attieriean way : a geographical history ol‘crisis and recovery I Carville, Earle. p. cm. includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8476-871241 (cloth : alk. paperlmlSBN [l-84T6—S7l3-9 lpbk. : alk. paper) |. United States 7 lltstorteal geography. 3. United States? Politics and gorernment. 3. Political eullurerrirllnlted States ~ i Itstoty. 4. United States ”liCllttultll-C conditions. 5. (‘Iisis management United States History. 6. United States . 'l‘un‘ilorial espauston. i'. Regionalisur » United Slatesrir l lisloty. 1. Title. [5179.5 .liSfi 20(1). 9] | '73 ~de2| ZUUZU | 34 i3
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Contents Contents
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Moderation and Ambivalence in Anglo’American Policy Regimes lilL‘ f\iiit‘i'it'.iii tt'iiipt'ixiiiit'iil for philoxophitu] llltHit‘IJHHl]. \\hit‘h }"1.l‘L:1H.Ill\lH did \U iiitit'h to L‘lhlll't'. l\iltlititit’t'.ll1ii i.li':_[t‘i\' ,iii tlttlllll’t‘ti i,|\[k‘. (Wt-r the long, rim iii the tohiiml L‘Ill‘ (ht~ \ii'iiim «iiiiiiotit'i‘itioii iii [ilk‘ i'iiiiiiiiig; tiiiJi'i't‘] \lirilifl‘l‘tIH .Hlti l'l']‘Lli"i|L .l1)3\lli ht'tuiiiit‘ iiititxmiigh ilpl‘ill't‘lli‘()1)[in‘PtMlit‘HtikK[ilk’l‘LTitHiiV\1‘111
iiigx «it ili‘t'I'Jihlll ilhh“) [77 WM «liki i'eptihlituiiiixiii i‘ 1”t ltmtlx .iiiti 174W ITHfii tt‘l'idillh Wind in IHUtit‘l'JIl‘ polity t‘\t'L‘\\k‘\I htit «iii the HC‘LLIIIVU \itit'. thew \‘riitiiigx
iilm L‘lll‘lllL‘Li \\i‘t‘iit'hiiig \iilii\ thiriii; iht- \hoi't i'iiii [1.lli\l[iHll\ h‘niii niit- poliu itgiiiit‘ In JHUlilL‘l'. Ihh \\'.l\ (WPK‘L'IJHV the one «hiring the t'nluiii.i| t'i'.i when polity it‘giiiim [L'Htik‘ii to he iiiiii~ii.ilh titN [I'lllitll't‘ hid the titiiixitioih hi‘t\\ L't‘ll [lit‘lii iiiitixii .illi' I'ot‘ki‘. \V'ith .i Pillilhtil‘iilttll t'oiixixlt‘iit'y Ih.it \\_i\ \ h.ii‘.ii lt'i'ixtituilh' lii'iiixh, t'ulu
iii.i[ i‘vgiiiitw iL‘lhik'Li to .lilk‘l'lltlik‘ i‘L‘I\\('t'Il imht'it‘x th.il \u‘i‘t' ['iii'ii)’ hht'i'.ii it‘liit‘ iii-ttinnivi .lHLi iiiiii‘i'i' i't-piihht till it‘g‘lilltll'lJll iii'titt‘i'lioiiixli; i‘lll }H'iilk'lt‘\ \o Plll'k' Jiiti um]
liii'tui were too liiittlc to «lit'UlllHll‘tlJik‘ 111k" It‘lhiUIlN i‘L‘l\\L‘t'H tht' pohlitxil ”Huh”
.iiitl the "Mix.” liiih tiitl not I‘lk‘tilltit‘ i't‘\U]llHUlLth\ timhliiiiix
\llkii »!\ i‘L‘HVL‘k'H
\'.ll'iHLl\ \Vhiiix .iiiti Ioi'itw iii the lfm’tix \t'oloiit-x I‘Fi‘“): /tit kt‘i‘t W" 1.] :Hltl 1o\\_ii'ti
lill' L‘iiti Ui‘J i't'giiiiir'x hiilt t t‘iittin HIV“) htt‘ \ihiih thew .it t llliilliilllllg tt‘iixinih iii\uii'i
.ihh' t'i'iiptt‘tl iii l'(‘\‘(iillll(iiiili\ or lk‘\l[tlil/II)}1 wt itil iiimt‘iiit'iiix ioi (‘VIIIII‘ILX B.lt"‘ll‘\ Rt‘lit'lhoii iii the li.’7ti\_ the (limit i‘\\\iii\t‘iiiiij_c iii the |'§‘»i"\.iiiiti [i]\'1‘\lllk‘l'i* L'JH l’xm‘ohitioii itwlt:
'I'hia lii‘ittlt- thilt't'tit iillik'ti to \lll'\l\L‘ the LN Hi. thew \t‘ti‘li iiimt‘iiit‘im. .l]]\i
llll
HYNAMH \ U}
l’Ul l(‘\' l’xl(.l.\ll .\
4.3
\\i1l1imlcpcmlcngc\ccm'ulll'mm”Hum.'\mer1g.m\prm'cuiulmnmkcI'lldhlilr'c\':—
Hum in lllc \nl‘xtllm'c m- .'\1m-1'1mz‘: pulmm. Arm-rimn 111;]c \lll‘\L‘\1llL‘llll} cum— l‘im'cl \lmnlh mauulx nl'lilwml 4nd I'L‘lLIl‘llL'M‘. plnlumyln'i11\‘;.l_\'\r3m[dctinultllcn tcmlmlx Jml wllexzul {ll-c llHl-cr'cm'cx lam-W. ccn Elm nut‘ will the 'Lm, ln pllmc. [ll'n
hm [11mm [llc .lltL'TILdlUI‘: lwt'xu‘cn mm l-{lHl nr‘ rcglmu
lwceI] rcpul‘luw .md
dcmm‘m‘im
\im'c Llw l‘l ‘mlnle 3.2L l'xcpul‘lm emulwnc I'cpul‘lu'an liu'clgn pulleyIn.1t1un.;lix1pmlcctimwm‘.lmllllwm}\lnntcxtacpnlnw L‘lll’L‘ I'cwm'cc \tI‘ll‘Llman. 111 Llu‘ tln'z‘c X'cgmuN pl'mmilmg lwtum-n rln- l_rw‘\ lN‘WM. 188m W3“. \llhl ~im‘c l'lh'll; Llclnm'ztll‘lu cumlmw lIlM-ml llwr'el‘un pulh'y Vll'cc Hznle .aml repulWlic‘m dnmwtu pullu
cgllit mm rcwm'cc Lllxtr'slnmuw 13‘; (llL‘I'x‘uVI'L'EIHIMN1‘I'L'\'.]lll]]3;l‘n'
ru‘ccn Lllc lHfim lNfilK Jml l‘UW -l‘l_l‘~.
llnx dummy lMx pnwen Lu lu‘ mm‘c
mpplc llmn (llc lIlVL‘Il—I'cpul‘luan wlleumnm] ut'm \ ulmml plcxlm L‘\\(‘]'. l1 ll \L‘H'L'tl In mlwm‘f \lm'n'nml ulL-nlnguull .lllgxmtcrkh ‘n \xcll ‘h [n owl culuimuu) lcr'vm'
\\itl1 ru'u HULll‘lL‘ cxceptmm: the llL-lmrcx U‘.'k‘l' \lli'x c1'_\ 111 (hr 1*3llx and mm an] l'iglltx .1 ycmury lH‘lh'L'. ln thew (.nt‘x nut m‘cn the prulgnmril' lan ut'lilwml .lllll l't'plllllltdll ulcnlmglw muld “mum Illc cxplmwv 1111\LHII'c .n' L';.llit.11'i.n‘. vnlflhxml Llnmcxm pululcx lulpul u t‘llt‘llllL' gx'muli. Jml lllL‘ lupclwnldulny Ul-l't'}:1H]]\ll cum“ 111ic~18cl1c1l1cr l‘lH‘T—H,
The American) Rm‘ulmmn r-mulllmcmlully JlteI'ul {lac umrw ulsMHcrcIl pulicy
l'cgzimcx .lml Ideology. llem‘ellxr'rll. the 1lUlU}_‘lL'.ll puriu Ul-x'nlUlllJl magnum EU“. \\ .l}' [0 ll pmgnmnc {11mm ofr'cpublimn .1mllilwmlpmitimmtl1_1r\\'.1\.1ll lmr \L‘l'Lll'L‘Ll \\i[l1tllclxlurimumlnflllc(Innsmulion- KltlUL'UIllL‘lllUll]lL‘l]1}‘lLlUll\l)'\lL‘\t']'ll‘L‘tll?}'
(flcmcm Atlcc llx dcxlgncd {mum i\lVl_'l[1Hlll\[\fl'lIL‘dllLll‘y (‘lmrlcx Buml l 19]}. 1‘13}; JK‘ the product ur' a mlm] nt‘ clltc ccmmmic imcrcxrx, In Et' tEL‘ [H tlall‘\ Ihc lmk'tllnlired lclcnlnglcw mllcl‘cnt m (llc (‘ullxtItLuwIL illculngucx \uclz .l\ Atlcc Jml
lien-d \‘NIY11mlc1'c~r1111.tw[hc llamaczx‘ mmmmm-nh [UIlllulc‘I‘JIIHHJIlLlUMl]]]l‘]\Kllcm'c in tlu'lr {mini} ur'l'cpulwlimn xmtimmlhm with lll‘c‘l'Jl clltmn. l'lu- ( Iumrirutmn. \zx [llc Allllhn'x lat-Ilu‘ lkulcmlixt l’.lpm\ emllexxly I'emlmlnl rlu‘ir runlerx. rcprewmx .1 I'cauml Hl- Il1c \lm'tr'm‘m'c prnpcmmw nr' lll'llhll \nlunml l';‘§_’1]]]t‘~ m rln'm' ml ‘1
pmgnmtix' lullame ul' ILxclllmn‘k .Hnl‘smlcnl prnpcnxlllcx lmlcccl. rcllcmlhm 1x l1} llvllmrmn .1 \yxlcm nl'gm crlmmc mmcd In .xmlnmlcm‘c m L‘]' lllL‘ lm Ll\ (ll-PU\\ cl'. lL l\
il‘\\.l"-\
.ll'.‘
‘ll'l'llllh'c‘llll'lll.
l‘klllll‘fkl
lll
l‘flmr
\H}1'_I'.ll"‘~
\lllk'l l:\‘:l\
l‘l'
.lllllL'\l
.'.l
m Lump. [\Mv \nmmn L'mlx. Um em? I» _ll\‘. l\\ llmml HI :lu- “mm ulu [lh' mrml‘w 1mm \l ‘lnf \mmh ‘l‘llwlllulll tllcmwlmw mm wire lug-q 111111.11". l'.v1::'1t“‘.; I'm. \VlllL‘I' vml 1\ .ll“,‘. ‘.\ lll'.1ll‘.l IIJ ilk; uxwl‘,
..1\ tlaz-
ilzcmlwr 1mm my 11m llll‘lVNL' [M 1v11._m1 \IILJE‘l“, mull, ulmlh. ‘Llllullwlih‘ll‘ x'HLLmr'c. llu‘ lHKULll temlcm“; HT ‘::1\ pulltiml urmnmmfx‘ axlwlllcr'
Table 3.2.
American Republics and Democracies: Domestic and Foreign Policies;
l{t'F)Lll1llc~ Ikxmmrac iw
.’ L umwg‘u N All \
Levin/3 H131: \
llH:_-:lsl'llmtmr'ltvl "rwwlm \ld-«Ht”..".:lll‘1llllf'l :lkmlmmm
l‘rwIw'lsi H‘L'H.:l\llll‘~l JIHl IHYIIHMIM lk tvlrmaml r‘Iw‘Mt'utullrar
v“ [Valul'l l x
ll
( ll:\l’ l 12R .i l‘ngu'm mull.1xinuunplu'twlew(Hthepal-mum]Ul'llxatltnnnllu. l:L‘llL'l--
.almn l\ the film! ill-Ill‘L-I'Ju-ly u» mmlm llHK icmlmq. Ilmiu- .lll‘. j.(|\L‘H huh-ml \[rm Hm‘ I\ ‘1l\\ .nx ilu' lll\llllllIHI}.ll cxpremnn (wt-the tl)llll_l\ll\ [1m] in [mmon lwluwn the iminnil.” IL‘.|\UH\ lllL‘ Illt'Illl‘L‘I 1mm line Mr ruHldllllllg mull .nnl .mmnmimux lml 1m! \\lmll_\‘ .lml l‘u'gv _lll\l ummli— llllLKl‘ [nu ma: ililm‘. {l )mmnml l‘WI. ll3l
'I'he lizum'rx ullthg- ( 'nnxritiltinn liirtln'i' llhlltlltlfllldll/Lwl rink-mlmk (Ullll'JLllf—
lmnmmil [L‘I]\l{)1]\l]l [hm pcwlm‘ limngx nl'llhcml And I‘cpuhlium puliuicx. In their lining (ll-l'i‘plll‘llkflll }‘]'t‘ll‘l't‘lli't‘\ m it pmu‘l'lill I'cpulilli' \\lll1 k‘X}‘]'L‘\\i‘kl [\n\\'vr\.1ml vxprvwmlmnn'n‘xul'i'M'vHHL-xlmmt l)0l.1l‘l_\'IllL‘IJI'll-l-l
Allvc‘x “l\(1l.ltlt‘l]]l\1 \IJTUU
\xitli lilwml pl'L'lL-I‘mu-x 1m .1 reliniwly Inge .md .lLlIUIIUIHUlh where [in lllLllVltlUill lilwi'ly\\ill1mLlIL-wveixll\Mlcx
liminlx k‘lllL‘ mlml
[he lixnm'i'x ili't'l‘lllpll‘allL‘kl lln'u‘
.mm. l'ii'xt. llivy l.1i\l llll‘ llmmlhiunx llil' the lint ol'tlm‘v Anim'iixm rcpnhlim. Suvnml. they mitini-Ll (he ”lHIH‘l-lllh .tml ”lllfilllllllh” c'lll‘i'tx all politiml tjn'lmnx lay
nhscm'mg the iLlL-nlugnxil LlillL-u-m'cx .mmng lllk‘llli Am] third. they L‘\[.ll3ll\llL‘(l the iliJlL‘i'Luxil ground rulex lln' L‘nxuing pulley I'L‘EZIHM‘K. ll]LI\. \\l1L‘Il lu'kmmu) lh‘lllu {11m during: the m'mmnm' \‘1'l\]\ nl'ihv lm' 1H2! ix .nnl [Hfillx i'lmlh-ngml Ilu- iilvnlngi ml lii‘gvmum' Ul- t‘ r.1rl_\' Intimmlixh .Iml their ['1t Ra‘pulilii'. they Llnl an lay 1|}\'L‘l'\lllll
.Ilmmlnllmg the unh HJIlUIHllNl‘N lihinn (il'i'cpulilhxm pi'nu'L llltlll and
lilwixll elitism ILH' llu‘_l‘u'l\~n111i111 lllll‘llgillll nl'lilu‘ml Ii'u‘ {mile Jinl l'i'}‘lll7lll'.lll L‘ggllimr ].Illl\1]1 (Lu. 11w llu‘ lirxl Amerinm ill-inmi'm'igi. llvncvlhrtll. llu' Amerilzm [mlh'y
regime. like Ann'm'm ll-ilcmlimi itself. vnmliturul “im in'x'Jngg-mrm puintul m [\\‘U i'nntixll'} illlL'i‘limlx Hi‘ Aimed ill \L‘L‘Lli‘mg tun immxu'v cmlx.”
."\inl11\xllum'r 1'.l]'L‘l_\' I'Jllln high on the l (ll-Anim'lium \ ll'llli‘\_ ll]Ll\.It1\.l-\'Ill.l[ lH‘l'tL‘ Amerimnx nmhl HUI (ll'l'ltlk' lu'un'en lilu'mliun .iml I'L‘plll‘llt'JIHslll. they
llL‘R-ltLl 0|] mme (ll‘k‘Jk-ll i» [U dwm \\1ih the tlmmwi nr‘pmiw. Hm when .Illll‘H'J lL‘m‘L‘ 1x plated lll lllL'\L‘]'\1Lk'\Vl-Vflllllkill ilimlei‘ulmn. (he ell-ml I\ \\nmlmu~l_\'1mm LlHXIL'Jl. \VL- we llMI [he \lUL'h nl'.nnhlmlvm'e 1'1\L‘\ \ll'.llll.lll\'.lll_\'lll \‘Jluv\\'l1vt1..|\m Illt' L'JKU (ll-i“\lllk'l'll'.lll PUlllll'\. lln' pm‘mil ul'thix \lll.ll \H'Jll‘gy mmlvmliun
Ul-.lIHl‘lVJlt‘llt't‘ .iml
vlmhlm A: “mi-IV (n vmluu‘ in (\[llL‘H lite umxumul l‘y [lk' lii'cx 1|t
New Hi the P1211: .lH' ul'xlmlimim'c inlcnlog). lmlcul‘ 1L 1111:.l he will ll H l\ [he .Illll‘]\'.llL‘lH'L‘ (ll-1"\lllt‘l'ltllll Imllllml}1llilmnpli_\'1|1.1t wt the union .ieI. Aml‘ llhnlllt' .IN our \lHllllIJlli'Ulh .llll'Ji'llHI) In imil rg'pulxiun lmm [he Inla'nlngicx (llkllllk‘l'JllHH \Lml
republimnixm lie k'lUV.‘ In ilk“ [Huh nl'r‘xlnei‘lmn L‘M'L‘plitm.1l1\m. \\L‘ .ll'L‘ lwlimn'nl
to inquire lulu llIL‘ ni'igmx ,l\ \\L‘ll ilx the pmm‘qiiem'm (ll-Ulll' ll_\'l‘]'l(l nlvnlnggim.
Unraveling the Strands of English Ideology: The Revolutionary Critique In liming Ihv {Ulll'HL‘ u! Ilw '\I]lt'l'll.lll itmmm hum lllenlnglt..ll \lm [I'Im' [n .zml‘im la-m‘L‘. the Ameruxm lkvyululmn .lllll Ilu~ llllt‘llt‘illlJl l'llllllll'l‘. lu‘lwn‘n lh'ilial: .HHl "\lllt‘l'lL'Jl] iilvulugim Ullk'l' Ihu [11ml umvwm-m pnirmnl'ilg-wrun'v,.‘\|1hnLIgli
llll'. l)\'\.-\\Hk'\ (H
I’Ul H Y R] (}l\H-\
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4?
Hf 1!» in tlmfl. ur-
‘L‘EWLZI‘IM MAIN an} HM‘I'JMI. ‘1‘ “A,” ‘. Wham. away-11H; hin'x‘lflgh”. [l H‘T ."H; Hjnm i?1!'w'1_‘]' I} .- 1119.1:M
111.1} In; ilZ'wJL-j 11mm] in Hunk wt R"
:31.“ ZZHLH'»
Hucnih u.-:\'.'.11'2 . {HUN
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9.!
\‘.‘I'[‘.'\
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wt I‘m. mcxhpp slmnphzhli ~3'wL2H 1w ‘ lilih}; AJIJ‘XIJUII‘(1Li‘V‘KI1H‘J‘ H1 1:; ‘prxxmxj. in Jun _ (hp \ .mtzzunnn wt'pwcur'yt m ; \‘CEH‘. E1 {hm m. ‘. :wuxi pnur' tn I‘rd‘. [\t ax }‘H\121HIZ~ Hi1 PATH‘. in' 1~~\l‘..\_ alwl IIM'M t' ‘. UY'I m: --:[LI mm! \
«Iathquw nI' wx :1 (1 \n'uzfn. "Rgpd'fll a my;
.Hni 1:1 fins. 2 u‘ will} E‘Ill'pmu‘ n'
I 31M H: Minm Liprm ] m h- In" ntu' Hmtmtrwn 11H umlltm' .L-n‘wmm mw Hwt almflt 11w um:
IL. wet H"
eL:
Hm htm [IR‘H Lild t|11~ Mawlnglml dmnluwm tnmv Almm? MM \\11_\‘ Iz‘. um‘ \‘L‘r'y Ihv thJIIm-r: :IHIHI HM L'uimmm uf'lil'uixh \nrlh ,-\111;'I'ia
‘l‘u :r'n inmlnm ,md mm-
\ll-IL'I' lql"
dnl thv 11‘1‘111".';'_\ yuhm‘vm. umwrml}: hivulnszivx nt' [flu-1111mm JIMi I'L‘PUhlil'JHiHH1H_\Hll}k‘UHNIJI‘IL"HltiVHH'I In lm V} 1mm "\L‘H‘I'J] Lllt't'vr-cm [mt mm-
|.lp[\:l13; \trunis"?
I'ln' LIHMM‘IHIEL \HIJH'A Rndgxix 1"".3. \xm mu 111y1'vl_\']1:\1m'm
5.,"1'.l}‘])lL'.lIl You”; |‘J‘)h.;
l’nlnuxll L‘xgunlic1h'_\ 1» 1mm «VI-[ht “mu-1'. [11 1hr [1111111]: (\r' thy KLWUILIIJHIJJI‘} L']'.l. tlu' ll‘in‘m] clluw \RIJU 19d Thy pmr—IHM‘W At L n11 HI'ILHHK nu>111;‘11'.H11i|i~t puh— mm \\'C1'L‘JUIHPL‘HL‘J [n my \ktm‘m‘ mlngim] \\ mpnm \\ L‘I'L‘.lII])L‘iI'L1i\}‘t!\.}|. |:Hl' mu] 'tmrr: info rin- CULHHJ] MIL: ‘m‘nn Emmi I'iwn EH muxahh and pmxcr in 111v Hz; ut-
“x.1]11r_n'\' 11¢;t ullti hid 'm‘vn lm'xi 0n xnmm‘cnr. L'UHU'JL'I. .md liiu'rly (\l-Tl'JLiL‘.
lllh‘lillifl]! wr'um- [Wm 01' ‘mnthm' up \‘iI‘TLMHy' an :mnILIm.I_1'_\ rcthw. Hm lm'kmn :ll‘L‘IIllhill. \lm'n-t' 1L» UHIH' 111mm. '0.» 1H cqmmxm‘: Th1 :hL‘ uvlmml twinim' ni-
p.1l1LIIHc11LH'_\' \mw mmmwm] HM ram} pnlirlm. .md IIM' dimlmxlnng pulhiml
illrhlg-m-c nr' \ulnrml @q m HHLHI]. lflwrdmn. uith Il~ I'L‘IE‘IIM'V (\H nannm‘f.
«hummus .zmi 1h 1mm". L' mymphwh ur \ul‘lhh JIM LKIUIII‘IU'HHH. \\.a~ ~imp]_\ Iml up In tln‘ 1.2xk :Smm-I 1‘1‘15. In In“ mm. hlngmh might 11m y Imu‘d [ha-1r yz'iti‘ILuw n11 x u]n:2m| u'lr' llih'f'L‘\I. but 2M» xx w tun gr'uhim 411d u‘m: n1 pcfl‘mpx m1 11w u'ullknnit Ink'flik IL‘HL'iw ,H'NH; fl'wm I l\,H1\VI but IEHx Hum, Huh-Lawn![1»..‘311n11110m (\ilmll-
mm Hr} ulnrm] tmdv .H'rvt' [11¢ 1"4‘h and thy mmiz-xt unpam mt Limlwli :H mml ul[ 1-; vulnq m Him] «91:11 HI: {In \1\w:\[1n]] ug' ., [mh 111 “K141 untuxaq [K'IHL'L‘II [IIL' t'UllHHL." HM HI'ILIIH. 1‘t 11m. ‘h Lln‘x MLHM.'~\.1».IIE\'11(‘11.NutmI'-;'\'u|LI[IHII--
.11'\' tililw, (HUM Hm‘ ‘0.p 1mm}. Nmul M» [w dmmu [w I]I‘x'1'.l:1\111"~ iimmxm'n IIIL‘lJPhUI'\11-‘IJH"H‘Jd\\‘\]\':“x .‘n ")Hlm wulx ~x1111}\=11‘..” l:".11du‘cdmurky\.'\'.1~.1Lil1 “‘ [|"*““1”}“3”T-“ *ll-H'chx‘IJLwN MM IE‘w; \ML‘; m :'\[Nm:1{ nt'dlrutmx III-cu Ilu‘ [bum-1' 11nd duh Jul;~_,_wtui YIN 1mm \Hiwuuml\.w:‘.'1';‘.[ mm [I1;|\1L[L]]n:-1L«_~ [u do _1'_] ul-
11w [lump 1}: M [Em m]n::v.1\ Mi Hwt fl” “my; an‘ ..:H ‘IM ‘. Ll\'. ,;;;\_ \Ealp wwm'vx. .IIIJ LIN Hw. 111mm. .11w:‘1h~1:1 HT 1xxfll'xxh :ix‘T \LlHM'fig'fiZ m tfzy y‘fimyfl \[1'11‘ ‘ir'HH‘: rhv1mv::zq1';411t1fl “.“1‘1HI_HI1111P~|Tl\-M‘Wlfl‘liw. mum llw Hm k lin' wLmH] vlmsx
1a [m [i
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111
('1|.-\1’1'1-.1{ .‘1
1111.111‘11.11111111111.111‘111111‘11111111»1111111.11 1'1‘111111111‘.111 .1114111111‘111» 111.11 11.111 111‘1‘11 \11.11'}11‘111‘11 111 1‘.11‘111‘1' 111.111» 1111 1(11111‘1'1 \\'111}11111‘ 111111 1111‘ \V111g1111g1111111'. “"1111 .1 ~11'11‘ 1'1‘1111111» 1'1‘111 111‘”1111‘ 1111111111“. 1111‘ \‘11'1111‘111'1‘. 111111 1111‘ »11\.1g1‘1"\ 111-1111‘ 111.111» 1111 \‘1'11111111‘3
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Figure 5.2. 5111111!“
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1920
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1960
1980
2000
World Carbon Intensity of Primary Energy
0'75
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7-3;?
0.8. Materiaislntensity of Use
1
Mass per Unit GNP [normalized to 1940]
‘13
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
Years Figure 5.3.
Dcmalcrialimliun and dunrbunilaliun in the United States l1nd the world.
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[:1 Texas Annexation. 1845
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111.11111 1111111» .11111 111N1‘111‘11 1111‘ 1‘111s11111 11171114141111 1‘ 1111111111111‘1‘ 111‘11111111x
111111111111
\1'1‘1‘1‘ 11111‘11 111' 1111‘ 111x11‘111111‘1111111110111111111'1‘1111‘.111/.1111111: 111‘1'x1111.111\1 1111\1111‘1111111 111111 111\ .11111 1111‘ 1‘111‘ 111‘ 1111‘ x11 111111‘11 1111‘111x111111\ 1111‘11111‘111\ 1111\1‘11 1111 1111‘ 111'1‘xi111‘11IK 1111‘1‘1'1 .111111‘11 1111111‘ p1‘11pl1‘1. 1111‘ 1111111111/.1111111 111111111111 111111111111 \‘1.1 1.111111 .11111 1.111‘1' 11‘11‘11x11111. 1111‘ 111>\\'111‘1'1‘11‘11111-111.11111 1111111 \‘1'.1\111111_111111. 1111‘ 111111111111‘111‘\11.111\11111 111 1'1‘g111.11111‘1' 1111111111111 \\1111111 1111‘ 1‘\1‘1‘1111\‘1‘ 1113111111. .11111 1111‘ 111111111'1/.1111111 111.1111‘
1111111‘1' 1'1'111'111|1\ 111 1111‘ 11‘111‘1.11 1‘111'1‘.1111'1'.11'_\'. 111 [I111 111111111. 1111‘ 1)1‘111111‘1'.1111 1’.11[_\'
\1’.\11.-\1
1.\'1-\1{(;1\11\1\1\ ‘\.\11:|{1(.\.\ 1’11\\11{
14%
11:1'1'1‘.1\111:;1} 11‘1111'111/1‘11 1111\‘.'1‘1' 111 1111‘ 111'1w1111‘111j1. :11 1111' "11111111111121111111” 11111111115:
1111‘ 1‘\1~1‘L111\1‘ 111.1111'11.1g11211'11‘x. 11111111{111-11.11111111‘1'.11111.1111~1'11'.'1111‘1'1‘i:\.\.1\.111}1111-11 ".l\.‘: 111111111111 111111111 1'1‘1111‘111'111111111‘1t1xi1: ~11111‘1_\ .11111 1'1‘11111'1‘ 111511111; 1111.” 11.111111 1111} 1‘1‘151—1. 111.111111\11‘1'\\'.1~.11111‘11‘.111111‘1‘11-- .11 \1. 111‘ 1111‘ 1'11s11111‘1'1‘s 111.11 ~‘.:~1.1:111‘11 [11111 111m 11'.
1)1‘.1\\'111g11111111‘\'.1\11'1“v.'1‘11111‘\ 1411111111111 11_\ 111-11111111 1.11:1» .11111 1'11\:1\::1~ 1111111‘~ 111‘1111'1‘ 1‘113 .11111 1111‘111111‘ 11111111111 11111112111111; \111‘1‘1‘11111](111‘11‘1'112211‘111x «111-11711111. 1'\1‘11 1.11— :x111_\'. \‘1'11111‘ 111111111. \1.111‘. .11111 1111111 g11‘1'1‘1'111111_‘111 \111'1111111; 1'11x1' 1111'1'1‘211111 111-111.1‘1‘11 1‘0' .12111 PM“ 112 111-1'1'1‘111 111' (1N1’ :11 .111 111‘1‘11‘1111. 111111.11 ~111‘1111111; .1111111- I'm-1‘ 111‘.11'1_\' «111111111—111111‘. 11M 111111 .‘. 111‘1'1'11111 111-(.1\1’ 111 1‘13"1112.1.4111‘1'1'1‘111 11‘. 1‘15"
‘x1‘1‘ N11‘1111 1‘15“: .1351 (111111111 1‘1‘15: 3-1. 1131. ‘\11111-1111\1s11‘111‘111‘11 1111111111111 |]] 11x1111.11111111111111'.11 1111\11‘1 111.11 111111: 1111' \1‘\'1‘1'11 111110 \1.E‘.1‘1'1‘ 11 11.111 111‘1‘11 1111114111 111 1111‘ \11'11111111 51.111‘ .11111 1111111111 1111‘ 111111.11 1:1111‘1'111111‘111 111 \X'.1~11111g11111. 1),('. 11' 111‘ 1411 11.1111 111 111111. .11 1111‘ 1111:4111 111 1111‘ \1‘1'111111.11 H.111: \11. 111111 111.11. 11‘111‘1211 11111
~[.I[1‘ 1‘\1‘1‘111111111‘1'~ \111‘1'1‘ 1111‘11111'11 .11111 1111‘\ \1.1‘11‘ 111‘.11'1\ ~11 111 1511”. 15111 .111 111' 1111~ 1'11111141‘11.1111‘1'1111‘('1\11\\'.11':1:11111‘\.1111111.11\1.111‘.1111‘1.1111111:11‘111‘1'.11 \1.1‘.1' 11141111111 1111111.111111'11.11'111‘11 .121 111 151—11 .11111 1111‘1'1‘1111‘1' 1111114111 1111111 3:1 111 —1:1 \\]111 411111» 111' 5.1:1 111 1Hfi'll 111111 15.321 111 1‘1—1f1_111\1.1111‘1'\\'111‘111“1111111.11111‘11._. 1111‘111'11'11411111'
1111‘ N11111111111 81.111‘ 1\ 11111‘\\1\1‘ 1'1‘111‘1'11'11 111 1;.1111x 111 1‘1‘111‘1'111 1‘1111111111111‘111 .11111 111 1111‘ [1111111111111311111111‘1111111111'x 1'.1}111.11111‘1\\1‘1‘11 WNW .11111 WW 1—1111‘ 1111'1111‘1' 1'1s11:1: L1111'Ly
111111111.3.‘1H11111111111. 1111‘1.1111‘1'111'.11'1_\'1\\'1'111_\'1111111113.5 11111111111.
.‘\1111‘1‘i1'.111~ \\111111\1‘111111111115111111‘(}1'1‘.1r 1)1‘pr1‘\»111!1 1111111111111 1:;11111'1‘ 1111‘ 1111.11;
1'1‘:111111‘\111‘11111‘111111111'1111‘111.111111‘1'11111111111'11111‘1‘1'11111113': 11111‘ 11111111 1111‘ 111111.11 3511\11'11 1111‘1111'11111111111‘.1111'111111111g1111‘x1‘ 1111111111111 111 111111\'11111.11 ~11111'11'111111111gx.111111'1111~1g11111g 111111 “1111111111 111 1111‘ 111'1\'.111‘ \1‘1'1111. 111111.1111111'11111\1~. \111'1.11 .1g1‘111'11‘x. .11111 ~1.111‘ 41111 1111.11 1411\1‘1'111111‘111s. 111‘111'1‘1111'711 1111\1‘ 1'111111‘1'11x \11111111111111111111'1‘1111'1'1111‘1'1w111-N1)“ 111.11 11111111 .11 1111‘ 111111.11 11‘\'1‘1. 1111‘ 111‘~1 111-1111M: 11111‘111111111'1111‘111 .11111 1111111111 \\'.1~ .111—
111'1‘\\1‘1111_\' 1111'1'1‘.1~1l11_'t111‘11‘\'1‘11111\‘11‘11111'1‘1‘>.}11‘111111111'1‘\.1111‘s1‘1'111111. 1‘1'11111111111.‘ 1111111—
1.11111);11_\'11111"1111-1111711111111111141,”
:\~ 1111‘ N1‘\\' 111-.11 1111111111 111. 1111‘ 1’x1111x1'\'1‘11 .1111111111x11‘.11111:1 .11111 .111 11\'1‘1'\\111‘1111—
1111.211 [)1‘111111'1'1111'1211111411“ 111111.111‘11.1~1‘1'11‘x111'1'1‘111x11'1111111\'1~1111111'11‘\.111111111114131111x. 11“1'11‘11 1111'1'1‘.1~1‘11 t.1\'1‘\ 1111 ‘\1111‘11111111111111111'x..111111111‘11 :1'.111~11‘1'1'1‘11 1111\1‘ 1'1‘\ 1‘11111‘~ 111
Table (1.7.
Ratio (11' Federal 111 51.1111 Expt‘nditures, 111211—1994
11‘11."
11.11111
111.11"
16.11111
_‘ 1'.
__‘ 1'1
111.11:
3.3:“:
111
113111
111111
H.111
3-,“
1.1.:
111111
1.11)
I1“:
11:1
11111-11
.1111:
:1
11m.»
1_11_j
111.1
1'13111
1,1111
1‘1_'1
1111: 1111.!
1.14 1.11
1111111 111111
"1H1
.5 111 .1111
(1113\1’111‘111
1-11’1
111'1'111'1'1.11111.1111\.'1111'11'11'.111\11'1\1'.11111'1111.1111111111111111
11111'1111‘111\1111‘111 11111111111111—
111111.51111.11H1'1111‘11_\.\111111111/1'11111111x111g. 1111111_1\\1\1_1111'1‘..11111111111'1'\11'11111'1'1‘1111111111— 1111'111'1. 111111.11 1'1111'111111111'1'1 1111 11111.11 11'1'11111'1' 1'11x1' .1x11'11111111111‘.1111' 111111111111 [1.11 111111111 111-(11\1’ 1111 1111' 1'1'1'111'1111' [)1'111'1'1111111 11‘13‘11 111 11.5 1‘1‘1'11'111 111 1‘Jh‘1l 1111' 11121111' 711' 111-1‘1'1'111 1111.111 11'111'1‘.11 1'\111'111111111'1'\1 11211111111111 1‘1‘15: .11. 11.11. 1111' 1111'
\111'1'1.11 1]111.‘1'1‘\1\ 111111111111111-111111'1111'1'1'.1\1'11 \11'11111'1'1111111111114. 1111'11‘ \\1'11' 1111111 111111'1. “Ax(f1111g1‘1'xx111'1'.11111'111111‘1'111'1'1'1111‘.111/1‘11. 11.1121111‘1111‘11.11111111u111l11111'11..11111x1'11x1111'1' 1111'11111111111'1111'11111'1'1‘111. \111‘1'111 11111‘I'L‘\l\ 111111111 111111111111“ 1111'111'1 111 11111111 111 111.11'1' :11111 111'111111111' 1111'11'1:1\'111'111‘ 111'11131'1111x. (‘1‘11111111/111g111\11111111111\ \\1'1'1' 1111.11111‘ 111 1111'“
\‘1'111 1111\1' 1111111111111 1111“) \11‘111111135r 1111‘11‘ \\111 111111111411 1111' 1.1111'1‘1111111111' 11'14111.111\'1' }11'111'1'1\“ 111'11'11111 1111111111.:1'1‘111'1111‘11 111111111111'11111111», 111'1\\1'1-11 10112 .11111 1111111. 1111'1'1' 1111111115111-111111111111111111111.11111111.11\111'1111111g1'1111111l11'1'11.11111'111111111.111111‘11'11>}11'1'1.11 11111‘1‘1'111.11111111111115r \1111.11 \\1'11.11'1' 11’1'11'1'11111 l‘WH 1‘1"]:11111111111111111155||:.11\113-171
\1V’1‘11111‘1‘ 1‘1'1'11111'11u \1'1'1‘1' 11111 1111' 111111' 1'1.11111.1111\ 1111 111111.11 11111111. .1\11111111'1' \1'1 111'
1'|.11111.1111\.11'11\1'.11111111141'1'11111-111111111111'111‘1'111111'1'1'.111111111111'x1‘1'1'1'.111'1'1j11111x111111 11.111 111‘1'11 .11‘ll\L‘11111'11411111111.1111‘1'1111‘(‘1\11 \\'.11' 11.11111'11.H1. 1‘111'1111'\1'1111111141111. [111‘ 1‘1}; 1'11.111g1'\ 1111111 111.11'1‘ 111‘1\\1'1'11 1HH|1.11111 1‘13”. 1111111141111.1111'\11.11'1'\111-111111211111111;11'\
1111'11111111111'51111111.111111111'11111'1111'.1\11'1'111111'1'1'1'g11111x1111111'11“1111111111111; 111111111111». \1'11"111'1'1'.11 1111' 1'111'1'K 111.11'1' 111' 11'111'1'.11 1111111111111 1111 1111111 73 111111111 111 t’ll 111 F11 111-1'1'1'111 111 WAN. 1111' 811111111 111.11'1'1'1111'11111111111'11111111111'11‘1'1'1111-2311111 1'1111111111111'11 .1111'1' 1111' (21111 \\".11' 111 .11 111'1‘1'1'111. 1:1»1'11'111'1'1' 1111 1111' 111'1'111111'1'1'. 111111.11 1111111\ \111'111 11111111-11'1-111-1'111111-1 11111121111111.11111111'111111x111111'1'1u1'1'. 1'111'\\‘1\1\ 111.11'1'1'1111'111 111'11x1.1g1‘\: 1|} 1111' 14.1111 11111115111'1'1'1'111111 1Hh11111 111111'1'1'1'111 111 1113111111111'.111111'
1'\111'I1\1'111‘1111'1'111‘1'.11111 131 1111'141111 11122111'1'1'1'111 111 1977—1 1111111‘ .11 1111‘ 1'1111‘1111'111' 1111'1'111‘1'.111111111'51111111.
11111 1111' ”11111111111 11.1” \\.1\ 11111 1111'1'1'11' 1'11111'1'1'111'11 111111 1'1111111' .11111 1111'111111'
1'1'111111‘1111111111111111111111111 11111111111‘1 .‘\1111‘111'.111\111'1111111111'111111'1'11111111111'1'111'1'1'14111111:
T111110 11.11.
Regional Shares 111 1‘0dvml Expendilurvs, 1880—1998 (in pvrcenlngcs)
1\'1'L,'frl.')
11‘11‘1’11
1' ”.711
1'1)
1'11 1’
1’"
1‘1“?
1"}.‘1‘1
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111.3
1}!
7.4
11.1
11.11
1\1i1|1111'.-\1|.111111 1.151 \1111'1111 11111.11
1111 111.11
1.1.5 11.11
11.) 111..)
11.11 1
\‘VMI [\‘1111111 1‘1111'111 511111111 -\1|.1111i1
(111 111..’
I111 111.11
13.." 11.1
.-1 111.1".
1-1.“ |-1.1 7.11
1.11.1 511111|1(1'1111'.11
.}.1“1
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1
1._1,
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1\11111111.1i11
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111)
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7.1
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1.7.1 1
\‘1111111'111(1111'
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-1‘I_11
‘11).11
1
511111111
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11.1)
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1..
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1.11 11
111.11
1\r1!1' I‘L'H 1‘111I1'l|.1.11'111'111'1.11.111111111.11111. $1111.11”: 1311.1-- .11111 1111111" 1111111 | H \1111'1111. ~11111 1 11111111 --11 1‘1 '1“. 111111.111J11r11-1~111[I.111'11111'1-11, I" ' ‘1: 51.111' .1111! \11'!r11,1Iv.."1.'11'1‘.1'«.,I.1‘.1r.111511111""11y “"1“ ‘1‘11 11'-11"1.111:11'1-1111' "1 '1. 11 ‘1 '11 \111‘111‘11,111111'1.1.11‘.‘=““1' '11 l1l
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1\l \|{,(.1\11\1\1\,\\111'\IL:\\ l’(1\\'11{
H—
it \x'.1\ 1'1111111§\ 11111'1211‘111111'1'111‘11‘1'1111111111131‘1'111111;1111111111111111111111111111. 11111»_11\;'1|1 11'“ 111111 11% 11194111111111. .1\1111'1'111111~ 111‘ 111111w1w 1111'111‘11 1111111511‘111‘1’111 1:11'1111'111111-1114s 1111'\'1'111111‘ 1111'1'1'1111111111. 11111111 15111111121111];.11T1‘1‘1g1'11111‘2'.1‘11‘I‘x113211 1111i1'111}1111'.1[1'1'1x11. 111111‘1‘11. 111-1‘ 1‘\11‘11~111111111111111111411111111111‘1‘x11111111.1'~111111111\1111.111mnx 1,1,'.1~111:11-111‘1111' 1'1111-1‘(111111111111111"1111111'11.1ti11:1\ x1111“;1:1111‘1111‘1'111\111‘11111211;111:1'1‘1’1‘1‘11 1'1‘5‘3' 111111 1‘11‘1'1. 111111111111411.11‘111111‘1‘x111111111111111111’21111g1w11111111111111111~i11g.1\11:111111\11'.2111111 [111151] 11111
\’1‘11‘1’.111\ :\1111:1:11\:1z1t;1111 ]\\1
111111 111111'1g11g1‘x 11111 111111 1119111111112 \1111111111 11mm.
1111\1111'xs1‘n111111111111\1111‘\ "121.1. (111M111 11111 1111‘11111'1-1111 .11111 11.11111 .11111 \1'1 1:11371111117 1111111111-}111\1I\..111111111 1:11:1j1'111111'1~.1‘\1 1‘1'111‘1181115111111111]111 1‘75. 111' .111111'11\1:1I.1t1‘1}’ 13,5'111'1‘11‘111111'(;.\1’ 1\1.1‘11‘11‘1‘ 1‘\1\1'111111111‘11». 111 1’111111‘.1~t. 11111111311 >111x1 :13 111111-111 11f
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1‘13“ 1x1111g111I11~111111'1lt1'1.11.111.1.1'.1.111111'
111 1111‘ 11.1117 11'111111’\ [11.11 111114111 111111 1111‘ N11» H1111 .11111 11111111 \x1111 1111' 1{13.1_1;1111
vnhlllnn. 11111 1‘1"\111111 1111‘ 111‘1111‘11111’1' 1111111111 \p1111 11_\' 1111‘ \.1111111.11 81.111. 1111‘ \x11r'111\\‘11111111'1‘11111111.11‘1~1111 11111111.
r\\ 1111\111‘1‘ 1111111111111 1111\\111'11 1111111 11111 \1'111111111 \1111‘ In 1111' N.111n11.11 81.111:
A1111~1113111x 111 11x1 111-141111 111 $1121.11 «11‘ 1111-11 11111111111; ”‘\1111-1':111:1 ”111-rub” .11111 111 1111'1111111111‘ .1 (11111-11111 1111111411 11111113. :\111111\ 1111' 11111~1'1-»1\ 0111111 .\'.1111>11111 \1.111‘ 1:\ 11.111111‘11 1111111 1111' \\'1-\11-1‘11 11111114111111‘1- 111 1111* “111111 111 1111*141-~ 11111111x11 111111 1111'1-1g11 1211.111‘x (1111\111111'11 1111’1‘1‘.1\111g11. 1.111411 \11.11‘1'~ 1113\1111'1'11'111 111111‘ .11111 1‘1‘x111111’1‘s. 111 11M [11.111111‘1‘111111‘111111‘U11111-11\11111‘\11111111111111111111.1-111.11111‘\\'.11\ 1111* \1111111xl1 f\1]11‘f‘]* 11111 “I111 \‘1'111‘111 \\'.11' 1. “111111 \\'.11' 11. .11111 1111- 1111111111» 111 1\'«11‘1~11 .11111 \'11'[11.1111 W 111‘1‘111wr12111‘11 |’.11111111111111111 111111‘1‘1‘11111'111'1‘ 111111 «1111\11'111‘11’11 111111 1111111111111 1111* 1’.111.111111 ('.1:1.11; [111111 1‘11\\1‘\\11111 111.1111u1111. 1’111‘1111 1(11111 1111‘ 1’1111111p1111-x 111V)” 1‘15” .11111
1111‘ \'11'1:111 |\1111111\ 1/1'1'111 1‘7311 111111. .1~ 111 11111111111 111m }‘u\[ [”13 "(11111 “in"
«111111141. 1111 1111' ”111111111111111'111” 111.11111\111.1111 1'1111111. 11111111‘111'1‘11111111 \\”1'»11‘1’11 1'111'11111' 1111111111111:1‘\1111111\111'11\111'11111x1111111111111-1'111111x11111111111x1211114111141111111 1111' L'11111n1 N11 111111x1111111- “111111 13111111 11111'1‘1111111111111X111111‘1111‘} 1111111111111(111-111111 ‘\g1’1-1-1111*1111111
1.111111 111111 1'1'.1111-1(§:\1 1‘1; 1111.1w11‘11 111111111- .11111111:11\ 1117111111131] 111111111111111111111111111~1
1'1'g11111w .11111 .1111111111w 1111111111111; N:\1(l \1111111‘1'1h1 :\~1.1 11'1‘1111' (1114.1111/1111111 |\1.*\| 01. .K11\111111.1 \1'\\ /1-111.11111 1'51111'11 \11111w 1’111'1 [KN/LN]; 111111 11111111111111 11\1'1'[1\ .11111 1'11\1'1‘11\ 111 1111111111x111'11111111 1111- 11.111111. 3111M 1'\]11‘11.1111 111 1111‘1'.11‘131111~.111 111111(11111111.'\1111-1'11u11.\11'1)1111g1111 1""“; \111\ 111111; 1’11121 1‘1311:\\'1111.1111~ 1“”); R117 “111111-11; 1'1‘1‘311 .‘\1111'111111111111'1‘\'1-11111111x111111111111‘11x1‘x112111111 111111111; 1111- 1'111:1\1‘ 111 1111- 111111-11-1-11111 1111111“ 1111111111'1'111121'11w 1111'»;11111'121\1‘~111'1'1‘1111‘11-111111[111‘11\1‘~11111,'.,\.11>1‘1'1‘\.I111'11.111.
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I
1111‘ 11\.11;1- 111' :\1;:1~ri1xg11 111111» 1111111111 1111-x1- 1'11111'1‘x1‘11‘1 1111‘ 111111.11 '11x1g11 111' 1111-111 .1» UHHNKZ [11 1111\h111‘1'x 11231111111111: ”11111‘1\11111‘ 1'11111111h :11 11.111111 [111111 um 11x1-11 111'
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(TH.-\l'|'ll{ I.
HH
Instances of Use of US. Fortes Abroad
Table [1.9.
liltr/ufl/mm
Inlvnvnhum Mun
Inu-ru-nnrm”11111111111311”-
11“ 1.111; 11%
1.11'. 1|: I. 3.1
2-1 1) 1")
171111 I 1 1.11: 1$ 111.9! 11711 Sm 1h ml 51.1111
IHHH
I‘) L.)
“H
|._\I
7.11M
1‘3”
191‘“)
1—1
(1.1—;
l,:'|
II'I
I‘ll
3.1)“
'1‘!
Hi1]
Jill)
‘1‘)
HM
1111)
'\'.1II¢JI111| HIJIz' I‘WS
I'm
[r'.111~11(1h:111.1| 5111111»
l-ligh-magniludo Ewnts 11\1I|1 11111111111” «)1 I111l11.11\ pwmmnvh
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PART [[1
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIES
(31 IAI‘TER 11
Out with the Old, in with the NEW"
THE RE(..TONSTITLJTION OF TI IE AMERR'LAN STATE AND ITS CEEOLERAI‘HRZAL PARAMETERS
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THE SAILAVAUON [:1’0L‘HUF’I’HE HRS'I’ AMERICAN REPUBLIC (1790—1850) \1.1I11I111 I\ [I11' I11 \1111‘1I 111 1I1,~~111I1111" 1' ' ‘\1111‘111.1:: 111I1111 x1w11‘111 :11 1I11'1x11I1 ::.1
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Figure 12.31
The LIB. Intontalv Highum Sutcm, I‘mU—I‘J‘HI.
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120—
Served by (in
millions)
100—
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1880
Figure 12.1.2. 1“
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1
1890
__
.—_.—.-—-—'r 1900
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1920
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1930
1
1940
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THE AUTO-AlR-1‘-\1\1Ef\'l'l‘Y EI’UCH 1 19203—19705) AND THE SECOND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 1111‘ 1.1x1111-11111'1'111‘1'1‘N 111'11111 1‘11111'11\ 1'1111111111‘~ 111111'1‘ 111' 11m \\1111 1111‘ 111‘111‘11111111 111-1111‘ 111111111111 \1‘1‘111111 ”111111111111. 1.1‘.. 1111‘ 1‘12111111'1111 11'1‘1‘ 11'1111‘ 1111111\ 111111111-111111111111111'
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