Tellings from Our Elders Lushootseed syeyehub | Volume 2: Tales from the Skagit Valley [2] 9780774829045, 9780774829052

Table of contents :
Cover
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Abbreviations and Symbols
Introduction
Language
Texts
Presentation
Acknowledgments
1 - gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
Star Child
2 - Dora Solomon
Star Child
3 - Mary Sampson Willup
Star Child
4 - Harry Moses
Star Child
How Daylight Was Stolen
5 - tsi sqʷux̌ʷaɬ Louise Anderson
Basket Ogress
6 - ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
Basket Ogress
7 - Dewey Mitchell
Basket Ogress
8 - Alice Williams
Basket Ogress
Glossary of Terms
References

Citation preview

Tellings from Our Elders

Volume 2: Tales from the Skagit Valley

FIRST NATIONS LANGUAGES

The First Nations languages of the world, many of which are renowned for the complexity and richness of their linguistic structure, embody the cumulative cultural knowledge of Aboriginal peoples. This vital linguistic heritage is currently under severe threat of extinction. This series is dedicated to the linguistic study of these languages. Patricia A. Shaw, a member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia and director of the First Nations Languages Program, is general editor of the series. The other volumes in the series are: The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax Jan van Eijk Musqueam Reference Grammar Wayne Suttles When I Was Small – I Wan Kwikws: A Grammatical Analysis of St’át’imc Oral Narratives Lisa Matthewson, in collaboration with Beverley Frank, Gertrude Ned, Laura Thevarge, and Rose Agnes Whitley Witsuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology Sharon Hargus Making Wawa: The Genesis of Chinook Jargon George Lang A Tsilhqút’ín Grammar Eung-Do Cook Tellings from Our Elders, Vol. 1, Snohomish Texts David Beck and Thom Hess

Tellings from Our Elders: Lushootseed syəyəhub

Volume 2: Tales from the Skagit Valley As told by Susie Sampson Peter, Dora Solomon, Mary Sampson Willup, Harry Moses, Louise Anderson, Martin Sampson, Dewey Mitchell, and Alice Williams David Beck and Thom Hess

© UBC Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. The author wishes to thank the Upper Skagit, Swinomish, and Sauk-Suiattle Tribes and Lushootseed Research for permission to reproduce the stories that appear in this book, as they are told by Susie Sampson Peter, Dora Solomon, Mary Sampson Willup, Harry Moses, Louise Anderson, Martin Sampson, Dewey Mitchell, and Alice Williams. Their stories are protected under Native cultural heritage rights. ISBN 9780774829045 (bound); ISBN 9780774829052 (pdf ) Cataloguing-in-publication data for this book is available from Library and Archives Canada.

UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund), the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. UBC Press The University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 604-822-5959 / Fax: 604-822-6083 www.ubcpress.ca

Contents

Foreword / vii Jay Miller Abbreviations and Symbols / xiii Introduction / 3 1

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter / 21 Star Child / 24

2

Dora Solomon / 203 Star Child / 204

3

Mary Sampson Willup / 269 Star Child / 270

4

Harry Moses / 293 Star Child / 294 How Daylight Was Stolen / 325

5

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson / 347 Basket Ogress / 349

6

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson / 371 Basket Ogress / 373

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Contents

7

Dewey Mitchell / 387 Basket Ogress / 389

8

Alice Williams / 405 Basket Ogress / 406 Glossary of Terms / 429 References / 437

Foreword

This volume resonates with the voice of Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, and it seems appropriate to preface this work with some words about her life and influence on Lushootseed and Lushootseed scholarship. Vi Hilbert was a scholar-elder, US National Treasure, Washington State Living Treasure, Skagit resource, and skilled storyteller in both English, “the borrowed language,” and her own Lushootseed or Puget Salish. Initially working with linguist Thomas Hess to transcribe and translate recordings of elderly speakers, she learned from Hess the technical alphabet to be able to read and write her native language. Soon she began teaching her language and literature (traditional stories) at the University of Washington, generously sharing her knowledge with all students and interested faculty. With Hess and others, she co-wrote Lushootseed grammars and dictionaries, and published books of stories, teachings, and place names. For Vi, Lushootseed was a palpable presence in her own life and in the lives of all other concerned human beings. It was not something to “reduce to writing” or “analyze to death,” but something to be involved with, to listen to, and to live by. Born in 1918, Vi was the only child in her family to grow to adulthood. Her mother, Louise Bob Anderson, was vivacious, dramatic, hardworking, and generous. The father who raised her was Charlie Anderson, a logger who moved the family frequently. He was also a specialized carver and canoe maker, leading canoe-racing teams to victory. His canoe, the Question Mark, resides in a huge maritime museum in Virginia. To supplement the family income, her parents spent part of each spring and fall picking strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and potatoes. As Vi grew older, she worked beside them. At night, she would visit with her Aunt Susie Sampson Peter, the scholarly elder of Skagit culture. Aunt Susie was blind by this time, yet she picked, and picked clean, by feeling the berries on the bushes

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Foreword

Vi Hilbert and her husband, Don, at their annual salmon bake. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.

assigned to her. In consequence, her hands would bristle with thorns at night. Vi would carefully remove them while listening to her aunt chat. For this kindness, Aunt Susie began to call Vi her daughter. Years later, these quiet moments listening to the elegant Skagit spoken by Aunt Susie took on special relevance when Vi began to transcribe and translate tape recording of her aunt made in the 1950s by Leon Metcalf. In 1967, Vi was talking with Louise George, a multilingual elder married to a Nooksack relative. Louise was praising highly the work of a nice young man she was helping to write down the Lushootseed language. That man was Thomas (Thom) Hess, who had been collecting data since 1961 for his University of Washington dissertation on the language. Vi watched intently as Hess and Louise listened to and wrote down sections of Louise’s Basket Ogress story. She realized that her own English was nuanced enough to provide better translations. Impelled by family honour and training, she agreed to work with Thom upon his promise to teach her to read and write Lushootseed.

Foreword

ix

Vi converted her former hair salon into the Lushootseed “Brain Room” and concentrated on her new work. She and Thom wrote lesson plans for daily classes, a textbook, and then a dictionary and the first Haboo book (Hilbert 1985), traditional stories written down as they had been told. Vi used these materials in her fifteen years of teaching at the University of Washington, followed by two years at Evergreen College as the Evans Chair Scholar. Her dedication to Lushootseed became total. Those who worked with her soon learned that her momentum alone was sufficient to inspire and execute a range of activities. She was not just the source and motivator, she was also the sustainer. Over the years, every interested questioner has received food, shelter, therapy, money, and advice in the process of undertaking a project with her. Researchers are automatically included in family meals, outings, and activities, provided they gain Vi’s initial approval to begin research. Such judgments are based on an assessment of character, interest, sympathy, resolve, and, importantly, sense of humour and flexibility. In this way, beginning as a sensitive translator, Vi struck out on her own to fulfill her family’s expectations about the leadership role they had assumed for generations. She always deferred to her elders and ancestors, modestly claiming to do only the work they intended. When asked a question, she, as often as not, would respond not with what she herself knew, at least not initially, but rather with a citation to a text she had transcribed or translated. Before undertaking her own work, she decided to compile what had been done by earlier scholars working with her parents and other relatives. Doing so was not easy because she had to overcome academic suspicion, particularly on the part of Melville Jacobs, the maven of local Salish and Native linguistic research. She set up a non-profit corporation called Lushootseed Research, then established Lushootseed Press to publish much of the Leon Metcalf material in bilingual form, including the books Aunt Susie Sampson Peter (Hilbert 1995a) and “Gram” Ruth Sehome Shelton (Hilbert 1995b), as well as Haboo: Lushootseed Literature in English (Hilbert 2004). Holding the long view, Vi hoped that future generations would be able to access Lushootseed language and cultural information through her publications and archives. Realizing that printed matter had less appeal for Natives, she pushed on with Lushootseed Theater to preserve the stories in dramatic form and had some of them taped. Her last class teaching the language was also videotaped for posterity. Her dignified storytelling style developed over the years to take up more of her time, beginning with annual presentations from 1983 to 1987 at the National Association for the Preservation and Perpetuation of Storytelling at Jonesborough, Tennessee. Other invitations followed, taking her to Canada, England,

x

Foreword

Europe, and all over the United States. For the 1992 Quincentennial, she gathered elders and artists at the Seattle Art Museum and St. Mark’s Episcopal Cathedral to share Lushootseed traditions with a large and appreciative audience. In May 2006, the Seattle Orchestra performed the Healing Heart of Lushootseed Symphony, commissioned by Vi from composer Bruce Ruddell. She also advised on many local art projects, texts for the Seattle Art Museum, stamp art, and the ethnobotanical garden named for her at Seattle University. Vi’s awards include being named Washington State Living Treasure in 1989, the 1993 Nancy Blankenship Pryor Award for contributing “vision and time to the literary culture of Washington and the Northwest,” and an honorary PhD from Seattle University in 1994 for her “accomplishments as a language teacher, a storyteller, a translator, a researcher, and a traditional elder.” Also in 1994, First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton presented her with a National Heritage Award, which included a $10,000 fellowship and a place in the National Folk Arts Hall of Fame. Her life and work were featured in the television documentary Huchoosedah: Traditions of the Heart (KCTS/BBC Wales). At all times, she deferred to the recorded elders as the best teachers. When she finished a first draft of her efforts on a story or account, she visited living relatives of the speaker she had long known, probably as a playmate. She went over her work and asked for their help with difficult passages. When all were satisfied, she did a final draft and gave them a copy. In the case of the voluminous tapes by Aunt Susie, she went over each and every one with Martin Sampson, Aunt Susie’s son, who provided context and commentary for each translation, particularly valuable because it too is in the Native language. Currently, Martin’s own grandson, John, is basing his dissertation at Seattle University on her tapes. In all, only a Native speaker could have achieved this kind of nuanced translation and commentary. That Vi was also working with material from close relatives was a dividend resulting from the Native repute of the ancestors of her family. In particular, these relatives included the most famous of modern shamans, who lent his support to her efforts and helped to dampen any criticism from some segments of the Native community. Throughout her working life, Vi was acutely concerned with reintegrating her materials into the local Native community. Any family member of anyone she had on tape or paper was, she felt, entitled to a copy of the information from that ancestor. She called this “archiving” and, from a Native perspective, it is just that because it achieves a communal sharing of this knowledge. Some academics have also been privileged to receive such materials for archiving. In all cases, however, the decision to provide the material is based on a character assessment of that individual. People with the good sense and balanced perspective to know

Foreword

xi

when and where to share such data have been the ones to receive it. By taking custody, they agree to talk or not talk about the information based on their assessment of the time, place, people, and attitudes involved. Since “a little knowledge is a dangerous thing,” the decision to archive with a person relies on judgments about that person’s discretion, particularly the absence of any character flaws that could lead to arrogance, possessiveness, a proprietary attitude, and so on. Vi passed away on the morning of 19 December 2008 at her home in LaConner, Washington, surrounded by her family. The region iced over, making travel treacherous, so the funeral was held a week after Christmas, when the thaw began as her remains were cremated. With her husband and son, she is buried beside her parents in a Nooksack cemetery. Vi’s papers are in the Special Collections at the University of Washington in Seattle. Her audio and video tapes are at the University of Washington Ethnomusicology Archives and can be accessed online at http://www.music.washington. edu/ethno/hilbert/collection.html. Jay Miller Lushootseed Research

“Lushootseed Elders” by Ron Hilbert. Top row: Edward (Hagan) and Ethel Sam, unknown woman, Martha Lamont. Middle row: Isadore Petius and Jackie Tom, Vi Hilbert, Louisa and Charlie Anderson, unknown man. Bottom row: Ruth Shelton; Charlie Anderson with Lois and Ron Hilbert, Susie Sampson Peter. Courtesy Lushootseed Research.

Abbreviations and Symbols

[] () ‿ = – • ♪

ˑ

1, 2, 3

ABS ACT ADD ADNM ALTV ATTN AUTO CLS CNN CNTRFG CNTRPT COLL CONJ CONT COORD CSMD

grammatical amendment phonological or contextual ellision two-part lexical item clitic boundary affix boundary lexical suffix boundary line from a song rhetorical lengthening first, second, third person absent activity additive adjunctive nominalizer allative applicative attenuative autonomous classifier connective centrifugal centripetal collective conjunction continuous coordinative causative middle

CTD DAT DC DIM DIM.EFF DIST DMA DSD DSTR ECS FEM FOC HAB HMN ICS IMP IMPL INCH INCRP INSTR INT INTJ INTNS IRR MAP MD

contained dative applicative diminished control diminutive diminished effectiveness distal demonstrative adverbial desiderative distributive external causative feminine focus habitual human internal causative imperative implement inchoative incorporative instrumental interrogative interjection intensivity irrealis middle applicative middle

xiv

NEG NEGP NM NP NSPEC OBJ PASS PFV PL PO

PR PRLV PROC PROG PROP PROX PRPV PRTV

Abbreviations and Symbols

negative negative proclitic nominalizer nominalizing prefix non-specific object passive perfective plural possessive preposition prolative proclivative progressive propriative proximal purposive partitive

PTCL QTV RCP RDP REFL REM RLNL SBJ SBRD SCONJ SG SPEC SS STAT SUB TOBJ UNQ

particle quotative reciprocal reduplication reflexive remote/hypothetical relational subjunctive subordinate sentential conjunction singular specific secondary suffix stative subject topical object unique

Tellings from Our Elders

Volume 2: Tales from the Skagit Valley

Introduction

This volume is the second in a series dedicated to the presentation in analyzed form of Lushootseed traditional stories or syəyəhub. Where the first volume presents stories told in the Snohomish (sduhubš) dialect, here we offer syəyəhub told in the varieties of Lushootseed collectively known as Skagit (sqaǰət). Perhaps less familiar to some than Snohomish, Skagit was tirelessly promoted during her lifetime by the late Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert (1918–2008). An Upper Skagit Elder and a speaker of the Lower Skagit dialect, Mrs. Hilbert dedicated the later part of her life to the documentation and conservation of the Lushootseed language. Much of what has been preserved of Skagit comes from the interviews she recorded with her relatives and other Elders in the 1970s and 1980s. Additionally, she took upon herself the monumental task of transcribing the archived recordings of Lushootseed Elders, including speakers of Skagit and Upper Skagit varieties, made by Leon Metcalf (1899–1993) in the 1950s. Some of this material, including Susie Sampson Peter’s telling of “Star Child,” the opening text of this volume, has been published in parallel-text form (Hilbert 1995a, 1995b, 1995c) under the auspices of Lushootseed Research, an organization founded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1983. What has been published, however, represents only a fraction of what she was able to record and transcribe, and today there exist literally hundreds of pages of typescript texts, interviews, and songs, translated, formatted, and written in standard Lushootseed orthography with the help of another important figure of Northwest Coast linguistics, Thomas M. Hess (1936–2007). Dr. Hess began his work with Lushootseed as a graduate student at the University of Washington in the 1960s and spent most of his academic career working with communities up and down Puget Sound, documenting the language of their Elders.

4

Introduction

As much as for his academic work, Dr. Hess is remembered for his dedication to the maintenance and revitalization of the Lushootseed language. It was Thom Hess who developed the orthography used by the Lushootseed communities to this day, and it was he who taught it to Mrs. Hilbert in 1967, beginning a fruitful collaboration that spanned nearly four decades. The purpose of this volume is to continue the work of Mrs. Hilbert and Dr. Hess by offering a selection of traditional narratives drawn from the material that they compiled, each accompanied by full analysis, translation, and interlinear glosses. It is hoped that this collection will serve the purposes of linguists and other scholars, advanced learners, and teachers of the language, and that it will become an important part of the documentary record of the Lushootseed language as it was spoken by the final generation of Elders whose first and only early childhood language was Lushootseed. Language Lushootseed (dəxʷləšucid, also known as Puget Salish or Skagit-Nisqually) is the name given to the language of the indigenous peoples living in the Puget Sound basin, along the lower stretches of the Skagit and Samish River systems, on Whidbey Island, and on the eastern half of Fidalgo Island in northwest Washington State (Bates et al. 1994). Along with Twana, it forms the Southern branch of the Central Salish division of the Salishan language family (Kiyosawa and Gerdts 2010). The different varieties of the language constitute a dialect continuum, generally divided by linguists into two groups, Northern and Southern (Hess 1977), based on differences in lexical stress-patterns and the distribution of certain vocabulary and grammatical elements. The Southern varieties include Duwamish, Nisqually, Puyallup, Sahewamish, Skykomish, Snoqualmie, Squaxin, Suquamish, and Whulshootseed (Muckleshoot), while the Northern division encompasses Sauk-Suiattle, Skagit proper, Snohomish, Stillaguamish, Swinomish, and Upper Skagit. Although these divisions reflect the current situation in terms of recorded and extant speech varieties, in earlier times, before disruption by European contact and the redistribution of the population to reserves, dialectal differences could be used to identify individual villages and households (Bates et al. 1994). Currently, Lushootseed is the first language of probably fewer than a dozen Elders, although some varieties are being maintained as heritage languages through energetic revitalization programs. The term “Skagit” (sqaǰət) is loosely applied to the speech of all the communities located along the Skagit River and its tributaries, although the name sqaǰət originally referred more strictly to the speech of those living on the northern part of Whidbey Island in an area running from Snakelum Point to Crescent

Introduction

5

Harbour (Bates et al. 1994). Current discussions tend to divide the Skagit River dialects into Upper and Lower Skagit, the latter including the Lushootseed spoken at Swinomish (swədəbš), probably the best-documented of the Skagit varieties. This volume presents a selection of nine tales from eight speakers of both Upper and Lower Skagit; included are four tellings of the Star Child saga, a Lushootseed version of the pan–Northwest Coast story of how daylight was stolen, and four versions of the Basket Ogress legend. Texts The stories in this volume are all traditional tales, or syəyəhub, told by Skagit Elders. The first tale, “Star Child” by Susie Sampson Peter, was recorded in 1950 by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tapes 1 and 2) and represents one of the oldest and most complete tellings of this famous Lushootseed creation story. Following this are three more versions of the Star Child legend, one told by Dora Solomon and recorded in the 1970s by Mrs. Hilbert, and another told by Mary Willup to Leon Metcalf in 1954 (Metcalf tape 60A). The fourth version is that told by Harry Moses, recorded in 1952 by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 32A). Also from the Metcalf collection (Metcalf tape 22) is Harry Moses’ telling of “Stealing Daylight,” recorded the same year; a version of this text was first published in analyzed form in Hilbert and Hess 1977 and then subsequently appeared, along with an analysis of Mr. Moses’ version of “Star Child,” in Beck and Hess 2010. The remainder of the texts in this volume are different versions of the Basket Ogress story told by Louise Anderson (recorded by Pamela Amoss in 1955), Martin Sampson (recorded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1977), Dewey Mitchell (recorded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1980), and Alice Williams (recorded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1984). The multiple versions of the Basket Ogress legends (including the versions of Martha Lamont and Agnes James found in Volume 1) were originally intended for inclusion in a volume provisionally titled Once Is Not Enough. This volume was to have been a collaboration between Mrs. Hilbert and Thom Hess, the aim of which was to provide multiple tellings of the same story by different speakers or by the same speaker on different occasions. Sadly, the project never came to fruition, though it might be hoped that to some small extent their goals have been achieved by providing several of these stories together in the present volume. With the exception of Louise Anderson’s telling of “Basket Ogress” (which was transcribed by Thom Hess with the assistance of Mrs. Louise George), the recordings in this volume were all transcribed and translated in the first place by Vi Hilbert. These transcriptions and Mrs. Hilbert’s translations were then reviewed by Mrs. Hilbert and Thom Hess, corrected and adjusted, and finally

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Introduction

transformed into clean typescript. The texts were then entered into a computer, most of them by Hess and a few by Beck. Hess’ original files were created in an ancient DOS-based word processor and later migrated by Beck into a more modern format and incorporated into an analytical database, which was then used to parse and produce the interlinearizations of the texts presented below. Many of the first versions of these analyses were checked by Hess, who contributed to the work as his health allowed until his passing in 2009. Presentation The analyzed texts are presented here in four-line interlinearized format: 1

ʔu, pukʷəb tiʔəʔ x̌ix̌payʔ ʔəst’əbš ʔu INTJ

pukʷəb tiʔəʔ x̌i–x̌payʔ pile PROX ATTN–red.cedar

‘Oh, the braided cedar piles up.’

transcription ʔas–t’əbš STAT–braid

parsing line analysis line full gloss

The first line presents a transcription of what is considered to be a single line of text based on prosodic and structural criteria. This was done on a largely informal basis according to what seemed intuitive to Mrs. Hilbert or Dr. Hess at the time of transcription (as opposed to having recourse to a hard-and-fast set of conventions based on syntactic structure), and the results are to some extent particular to each individual story. The original line breaks have for the most part been preserved here, although a few minor adjustments have been made and are reflected in the texts presented in this volume (see the discussion below). The orthography used in presenting these texts is that developed by Thom Hess and currently employed by the Tulalip Tribes and the Tulalip language program, as well as in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994), the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006), and most other printed materials. The alphabet, based on Americanist versions of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), employs 40 consonant symbols, given in Table 1 on the next page, and four vowels (a, ə, i, u), three of which have long and short forms (aa, ii, uu). In addition to these symbols, the half-triangular colon, “ ˑ ”, is used to indicate emphatic or rhetorical lengthening of vowels, a technique used by the storytellers for dramatic effect. Punctuation symbols such as periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation points are not used in the transcription lines. The only significant departure from the principle of phonemic spelling found in Lushootseed orthography is the treatment of the feminine forms of determiners and demonstratives such as tsi, tsiʔəʔ, or tsiʔiɬ. Phonemically, these are (in Lushootseed orthography) /ci/, /ciʔəʔ/, and /ciʔiɬ/, respectively; however,

Introduction

7

Table 1 Lushootseed consonants Bilabial

Alveolar

voiceless stops

p, p’

voiced stops

b, (b’)

Post-alveolar

Velar

Uvular

Glottal

t, t’

k, k’ kʷ, k’ʷ

q, q’ qʷ, q’ʷ

ʔ

d

g, gʷ

x̌ [χ] x̌ʷ [χʷ]

h

voiceless affricates

c [ts]

č [tʃ ]

voiced affricates

dᶻ [dz]

ǰ [dʒ]

lateral affricates

ƛ’ [tɬ’]

voiceless fricatives

s

lateral fricative

ɬ

approximants

l, l’

nasals

(m), (m’)

š [ʃ ]

xʷ

y, [j] y’ [ j’]

w, w’

(n), (n’)

( ) = rare phoneme or phoneme restricted to stylized speech [ ] = corresponding IPA symbol

contrast with the non-feminine forms (ti, tiʔəʔ, and tiʔiɬ) and between pairs such as kʷi ‘remote non-feminine’ and kʷsi ‘remote feminine’ reveals the presence of a morpheme -s- ‘feminine’. This is explicitly recognized in the orthography developed by Hess, which represents the initial /c/ phoneme of such forms as “ts,” and this practice is followed here. On the other hand, this volume does not continue Hess’ use of the final orthographic “h” with simple CV verbal radicals like ʔah ‘be there’ and qah ‘many’. This became part of standardized Lushootseed spelling in order to maintain a consistent CVC root pattern, but it is felt that here it might be misleading to those interested in the phonological and phonotactic patterns of the language. In other respects, the transcription practices here follow those of Hess, who chose to write words using a broadly morphophonemic transcription system that

8

Introduction

gives words in a standardized spelling reflective of careful pronunciation, recognizing only those allophonic and allomorphic alternations that are considered sufficiently regular and rate-of-speech-independent. Contracted or prosodically reduced forms such as [tiiɬ] for tiʔiɬ ‘that’, [ciiɬ] for cədiɬ ‘s/he’, or [stəb] for stab ‘what’ are written consistently in their full, citation form. Careful listening will certainly reveal a range of phonological and prosodic effects that cause pronunciations to deviate from standardized forms, but representing these in the written texts runs the risk of making the words they represent impossible to identify. There is, however, one environment in which phonetic variation is recognized in the transcription. This is where phonological juncture has taken place in rapid speech between two words that, in careful speech, would be pronounced as two completely separate items, with the potential for pauses between them or for the presence of intervening words in slightly different syntactic contexts. An example of this can be seen in (2): 2

ɬuhaʔlid čəxʷ t(i) adʔibac ɬu=haʔɬ–i–t IRR=good–SS–ICS

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ti SPEC

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘You will comfort your grandchild.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 200] Instead of the full form of the noun phrase, ti adʔibac ‘your grandson’, what is heard in the recording here is [tadʔibac], the determiner ti being reduced to /t/ and pronounced as part of the following word. The full form of words pronounced in this way is maintained in the transcription in the interests of clarity in the syntactic analysis, and in recognition of the fact that the reduction of these forms is not absolutely consistent and is particular to rate of speech and specific prosodic environments. Unlike parentheses, which are not to be interpreted as “corrections” of the text, square brackets are used in the transcription lines to indicate grammatical amendments. Brackets are used to provide either: (a) missing grammatical markers or syntactic elements, the majority of which were added on the advice of the Elder working on the original transcription; or (b) repairs of words which were mispronounced due to slips of the tongue or rapid speaking. An example of the first type of amendment can be seen in (3): 3

ʔux̌ʷ [dxʷʔal] tsiʔəʔ šəbəd[s] ʔux̌ʷ go

dxʷ–ʔal

tsiʔəʔ

CNTRPT–at

PROX:FEM

šəbəd–s fish.trap–3PO

‘(The mother) goes to her fishtrap.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 206]

Introduction

9

Here we see two amendments. The first is the addition of the preposition dxʷʔal ‘to, towards’, added by Mrs. Hilbert during transcription to clarify that the direction of the motion described by ʔux̌ʷ ‘go’ (normally a monovalent intransitive verb in any case) is towards the fishtrap. The second amendment is the addition of the third-person plural possessive suffix -s, again based on the intended meaning of the sentence as gleaned from context. Other (fewer) editorial amendments are motivated by purely grammatical considerations. Consider the sentence in (4): 4

ʔaɬx̌ad dəxʷʔahiləxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ [s]ləx̌ils ʔaɬx̌ad downstream

dəxʷ=ʔa–il=axʷ ADNM=be.there–INCH=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

s=ləx̌–il=s

DIST

NM=light–INCH=3PO

‘It is downstream where it becomes light.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 82] Here, the transcriber has added the nominalizing clitic s= to the verbform ləx̌il ‘get light out’. This is motivated both by the syntax of the sentence (the nominalization of the clause is an indicator of subordination) and by the fact that the word itself bears the third-person possessive enclitic =s, which marks agreement with a subject only for nominalizations and otherwise never appears on verbs. Another amendment motivated by grammatical considerations is seen in (5): 5

ʔuˑ kikəwič [tiʔəʔ] ʔuwiʔadəxʷ ʔu INTJ

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

tiʔəʔ

ʔu–wiʔa–t=axʷ

PROX

PFV–holler–ICS=now

‘Oh, the one who hollers is Little Hunchback.’ [Louise Anderson’s Basket Ogress, line 10] In this case, the addition of the determiner tiʔəʔ was made following the principle that the subject of the sentence, a “headless” relative clause based on the verb wiʔad ‘to holler’, requires a determiner. Such amendments are marked in this volume both to alert readers to discrepancies with what is heard in the recordings, and, of course, to leave open the possibility that the utterances as spoken were in fact correct, following grammatical patterns that have yet to be understood. The second motivation for adding material in brackets was mispronunciation, generally in the context of rapid speech, as in (6):

10

6

Introduction

[dxʷ]xʷƛ’alšəd čəd dxʷxʷƛ’alšəd prepare.cedar

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘I’ll prepare cedar.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 83] Here the word heard in the recording is [xʷƛ’alšəd], whereas Mrs. Hilbert recognized the form as the word dxʷxʷƛ’alšəd ‘prepare cedar’ and offered the full form by way of correction. It should be noted that in all the cases presented here, the amendments were made on the advice of the Elders working on the original transcriptions, as were the majority of amendments to the texts presented below, which are also found in other published versions of the same texts. In a very few (and only in absolutely uncontroversial) cases, further amendments have been added to transcriptions as part of the preparation of this volume. Brackets in this volume are also used to a limited extent where a mis-speaking has led to a contradictory or potentially confusing statement due to an error in lexical choice. This occurs, for example, in Dora Solomon’s telling of “Star Child,” as shown in (7): 7

xʷiʔ kʷi suǰəctxʷs kʷi gʷəɬ [stubš] saʔliʔɬ xʷiʔ kʷi

s=ʔu–ǰəc–txʷ=s

kʷi

gʷəɬ

NEG

NM=PFV–useful–ECS=3PO

REM

ASSC

REM

stubš s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ man NM=good•child

‘ “She will not use man’s speech to soothe the child.’ [Dora Solomon’s Star Child, line 100] Here, the word spoken on tape is sɬadəyʔ ‘woman’; however, in the context of the story it is clear that the injunction is against using man’s speech to the child (in order to disguise its masculine gender). The failure of the character being addressed to follow through on the injunction is central to the story, so the misspeaking is corrected to avoid potential confusion. Following the transcription, a line containing a full parsing of the words in the first line into morphological units in a full or underlying form is presented, using the following conventions: – • = ‿

affix-boundary lexical suffix boundary clitic boundary two-part lexical item

Introduction

11

For the purposes of the analysis below, an affix (marked by “–”) is considered a bound element with a grammatical meaning (derivational or inflectional) that is a morphological component of the lexeme or the inflected wordform to which it is attached. Example (8) below shows the word ʔuɬik’ʷtəb ‘has been kidnapped’ broken down into its radical, ɬik’ʷ- ‘hooked’, a derivational suffix, -t ‘internal causative’, and two inflectional affixes, ʔu- ‘perfective’ and -b ‘passive’: 8

ʔuɬik’ʷtəb ʔə kʷi tul’q’xʷulgʷədxʷ ʔu–ɬik’ʷ–t–b ʔə PFV–hooked–ICS–PASS PR

kʷi

tul’–q’x•ulgʷədxʷ

REM

CNTRFG–upstream•land

‘He has been kidnapped by those from the upriver area.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 123] Grammatical affixes such as these are treated as distinct from lexical suffixes (marked by “•”), which are bound elements that for the most part have what are traditionally thought of as more lexical meanings (generally, the translationequivalents of English nouns). In (8), we also see the lexical suffix •ulgʷədxʷ ‘land’ added to the root q’x ‘upstream’, forming a word meaning ‘land or area upstream’. Lexical suffixes are a well-known feature of Salishan languages (Czaykowska-Higgins and Kinkade 1998), as well as of other language families of the Pacific Northwest (Kinkade et al. 1998). In Lushootseed, they are often only recognizable in words as fossilized elements, but even in non-compositional uses they are parsed here, whenever possible, for their etymological interest. In contrast to affixes, which are part of the morphological makeup of words, clitics (indicated by “=”) are elements that are phonologically bound to a word without making up part of that word’s morphological structure. Lushootseed has, in fact, a very large number of clitics. Some of them have been traditionally identified as affixes, but these can be distinguished from true affixes on syntactic grounds, based on (a) their ability to combine with words of a variety of lexical classes, and (b) the fact that their distribution is determined by syntactic rather than morphological criteria. The first of these properties can be seen in (9): 9

ɬuhuyudəxʷ čəɬ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷhuy ʔə kʷi ɬudəxʷlaqəxʷ ɬuʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬu=huyu–t=axʷ IRR=made–ICS=now

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

tiʔəʔ PROX

ɬu=dəxʷ=huyu ʔə IRR=ADNM=made PR

kʷi REM

ɬu=dəxʷ=laq=axʷ ɬu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ IRR=ADNM=behind=now IRR=people

‘ “We will do what will be done for those people who will come after us.” ’ [Dora Solomon’s Star Child, line 337]

12

Introduction

In this example, we see the modal clitic ɬu= ‘irrealis’ repeated on four elements belonging to three different parts of speech: a finite verb (huyud ‘make something’), two nominalized verbs (dəxʷhuy ‘be made for’ and dəxʷlaq ‘be behind’), and a noun (ʔaciɬtabixʷ ‘people’). The iteration of the modal clitics seen here is a not-uncommon feature in the narratives below. The second property, the syntactic regulation of clitics, follows in part from their independence from the morphological structure of the words that they attach to phonologically, and results in patterns such as that in (10): 10

ʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəx̌ʷul’ ɬadəyʔlucidbid ʔəx̌id what.happened

kʷi REM

ad=dəxʷ=x̌ʷul’ 2SG.PO=ADNM=just

ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

‘ “Why don’t you just call him a girl child?’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 226] This sentence contains a clause, x̌ʷul’ ɬadəyʔlucidbid ‘s/he just calls him/her a girl child’, subordinated with the nominalizing proclitic dəxʷ=. However, rather than being attached to the verb (ɬadəyʔlucid ‘call someone a girl child’), dəxʷ= attaches itself to the preverbal adverb x̌ʷul’ ‘only’, as does the second-person proclitic ad=, which marks subject agreement for the nominalized clause – in other words, both the nominalizer and the subject inflection appear on the adverb rather than the verb. Lushootseed grammar requires that these two clitics appear on the first full lexical item of the clause, not on the verb whose nominalization they mark and whose subject they agree with. This shows that the placement of these two elements is sensitive to syntactic, rather than morphological, restrictions. A further point to note here is that clitics of this type, which are consistently left- or right-leaning (and display templatic ordering properties with respect to each other – see Hess 1995 for discussion), are treated differently from clitics of another type, sentence-second clitics, which are, in phonological terms, either left- or right-leaning depending on prosodic context (Beck 1999). For example, in the following two sentences from Volume 1, the first-person subject clitic čəd in (11) is, in phonological terms, an enclitic on the preceding word, whereas in (12) it is a proclitic attached to the word that follows: 11

tuyəcəbtubčd ʔə tiʔiɬ tudyəl’yəlab tu=yəc–b–txʷ–b=čəd PAST=report–MD–ECS–PASS=1SG.SUB

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

tu=d–yəl’–yəlab PAST=1SG.PO–DSTR–elder

‘I was told by my forebears.’ [Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 3]

Introduction

12

13

ʔuˑ tux̌ʷ čdʔuʔibibəš ʔu INTJ

tux̌ʷ just

čəd=ʔu–ʔib–ibəš 1SG.SUB=PFV–DIM.EFF–travel

‘ Oh, I’m just pacing back and forth.’ [Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 18] Clitics of this type (which include the matrix-clause subject markers, the interrogative marker, and particles expressing speaker attitude) are written as independent lexical items in standard Lushootseed orthography, and this practice is maintained here for clarity’s sake. The fourth notation used in interlinear analysis is the undertie (‿), which is used to join the two-part lexical item x̌əɬ ti ‘seemingly’ when it appears on the parsing line to make it clear that both words jointly correspond to a single gloss on the analysis line: 13

tiˑləbəxʷ x̌əɬ ti ʔusaʔsxʷəb tiʔəʔ kikəwič tiləb=axʷ x̌əɬ‿ti ʔu–saʔ–sxʷəb immediately=now seemingly PFV–ATTN–run

tiʔəʔ PROX

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘Right then it seems that Little Hunchback had scurried off.’ [Louise Anderson’s Basket Ogress, line 95] Although the two elements taken together have a single meaning and they are pronounced as a single phonological unit when adjacent, they cannot be treated as a single word because clitics such as =axʷ ‘now’ can intervene between them, as seen in the following example from Volume 1: 14

x̌əɬəxʷ ti ʔəst’ugʷud əlgʷəʔ x̌əɬ=axʷ‿ti seemingly=now

ʔas–t’ukʷu–t əlgʷəʔ STAT–measure–ICS PL

‘It seems they sort of deciphered it.’ [The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 466] x̌əɬ occurs in one or two instances on its own with the gloss of the whole expression, suggesting that ti is an “empty” element; however, rather than leaving it unglossed (or glossing it redundantly as ‘seemingly’), the undertie has been adopted to mark explicitly the dependency between x̌əɬ and ti. Affixes and clitics that are identified and segmented out in the parsing line are represented in their full or underlying form, rather than in the contextualized

14

Introduction

form that appears in the transcription line. Thus, for instance, the diminished control suffix -dxʷ (DC) in (15) and (16) has two different forms in the transcription lines but a single form in the two parsing lines: 15

ƛ’ubəxʷ čəd ɬudxʷsaydxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now

čəd 1SG.SUB

ɬu=dxʷs–hay–dxʷ IRR=CTD–known–DC

‘ “I should find out.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 34] 16

tiləb ʔuhaydub ʔə tiʔəʔ t’ət’əwaʔs tiləb immediately

ʔu–hay–dxʷ–b PFV–known–DC–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

t’ət’əwaʔs star

‘Right away it was known by the star.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 30] In the first example, the suffix comes at the end of a phonological word (ɬudxʷsaydxʷ) and has its basic form, -dxʷ, whereas in (16) it undergoes a regular morphophonological alternation (-dxʷ → -du) when followed by the passive suffix in the form (ʔuhaydub), an alternation that is made explicit by maintaining the underlying representation of the suffix in the parsing line. Similar treatment is given to epenthetic segments such as that shown by the first word in the sentence in (17): 17

šušɬbitəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ ɬuʔaɬx̌adəs šu–šɬ–bi–t–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ ATTN–see–MAP–ICS–PASS=now DIST

ɬu=ʔaɬx̌ad=as IRR=downstream=3SBJ

‘They watch for him to come downstream.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 81] Example (17) illustrates vowel-epenthesis typical of the sequence of suffixes -t ‘internal causative’ + -b ‘passive’. The schwa here is, strictly speaking, not part of either suffix, nor is it itself a suffix: its only function is to separate the two affixes, and as a meaningless phonological element it is not included in the morphological breakdown of the word. Similarly, the sentence in (18) shows the use of the epenthetic /h/ to avoid hiatus (a sequence of vowels, each in its own syllable):

Introduction

18

15

ʔahəxʷ t(i) adsəsʔəq’dagʷəl ʔa=axʷ ti be.there=now SPEC

ad=s=ʔas–ʔəq’–t–agʷəl 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–open–ICS–RCP

‘ “You have a visitor.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 980] This type of epenthesis can be found throughout the text, though to my knowledge it has not been commented on in the literature, underlining the primary reason for using “full” forms in the morphological analyses: our current understanding of Lushootseed morphophonemics is at best sketchy, and using this type of representation makes explicit the contrasts and alternations that will have to be accounted for in a complete Lushootseed morphophonology. A similar practice is followed with verbal radicals, which can be divided into different classes depending on the forms they take in various contexts. One common class of radical appears in simple CVC form in most contexts but appears in CVCV form in certain others, as shown in (19) and (20):1 19

diɬəxʷ shuys tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ syəyəhub diɬ=axʷ s=huyu=s tiʔiɬ FOC=now NM=made=3PO DIST

dəč’uʔ one

syəyəhub legend

‘That is the end of one story.’ [Alice Williams’ Basket Ogress, line 145] 20

huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəsgʷədils huyu–t=axʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–gʷəd–il=s made–ICS=now PROX IRR=ADNM=STAT–down–INCH=3PO

‘She makes something to sit on.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 89] In the first sentence, the radical huy(u) ‘be made’ appears in its CVC form, while in the second it appears in CVCV form. Because the “extra” vowel in the longer form is unpredictable, the radical is always given in CVCV form in the parsing line. Most CVCV roots are presented as head words in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994) in the form CVC(V). Another class of verbal radicals varies between CC and CəC forms, depending on the stem in which it appears. One common radical of this class is šq ‘be high’:

 Here, “C” means any consonant and “V” means any vowel.

1

16

21

Introduction

tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tul’–šq PAST=descend–ICS–REFL CNTRFG–high

‘She came down from above.’ [Dora Solomon’s Star Child, line 5] 22

xʷiʔ gʷəsəšqil ʔə ɬukʷaɬ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔas–šq–il

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–high–INCH

ʔə PR

ɬukʷaɬ sun

‘The sun cannot rise high.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 112] For this class of radical, the presence or absence of the schwa (ə) in the word is conditioned by the suffix that follows it – specifically, whether or not there is a stressable (non-schwa) vowel in the suffix: if there is none, the radical appears in CəC form (that is, has an epenthetic schwa); if the suffix has a vowel, the radical appears in CC form.2 This pattern can be understood only if the basic CC form of the radical is given in the parsing line. Because one of the aims of this collection is to represent the full grammatical and morphological structure of the language, the level of analysis presented in the parsing line leans a little more towards etymology than might be useful for native speakers – that is to say, words are broken down as far as possible into their analyzable constituent morphemes, rather than being broken down only insofar as they are semantically compositional. Thus, for example, dukʷil ‘be supernatural’ is analyzed as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -il ‘inchoative’, dukʷud ‘put a spell on someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -t ‘internal causative’, and dukʷtxʷ ‘get angry at someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -txʷ ‘external causative’. There are two reasons for this choice. The first is that, from a linguist’s perspective, this makes it easy to identify the various meanings and uses that the root and the accompanying affixes have in these texts. The second is that, although the normal place for this kind of etymological analysis is in lexicographical materials, the existing dictionaries of Lushootseed (Hess 1976; Bates et al. 1994) are intended for pedagogical purposes and do not always contain explicit analyses of words. In some cases, where overanalysis is judged simply to be too confusing or to reflect completely non-productive derivational processes, morphologically complex words are left unanalyzed. This is particularly true for common nouns which  Note that this class of radical is not consistently recognized in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994) and several radicals in this class, like šq, are cited in their CəC forms. It should also be noted that the CəC form of some of these radicals appears when combined with a few (but not all) lexical suffixes where the prosodic rule would predict the CC form.

2

Introduction

17

are analyzable but non-compositional, such as q’il’bid ‘canoe’, which is etymologically composed of q’il(i) ‘be aboard vehicle’ and -bid ‘implement’. Likewise, words that are not completely analyzable are presented as undivided wholes, even where some of the constituent parts do appear to be identifiable. Thus, we have words such as x̌aƛ’alap ‘steer with paddle’, which appears to contain the lexical suffix •alap ‘hip’ but whose root is not known. This is especially common practice for words containing what appear to be fossilized middle -b suffixes, such as saxʷəb ‘jump’ and qʷšaab ‘be foggy’, and for the many nouns beginning with what appears to be (or to have been) the lexical nominalizing prefix s- but whose roots are no longer attested as independent verbal elements. Following the morphological segmentation, an aligned morphological analysis of each component identified in the previous line is given using a standardized set of abbreviations and glosses for radicals and other lexical items. The abbreviations used are those being developed in the Lushootseed reference grammar currently underway (Beck, in progress), for which this set of interlinearized texts was initially produced. These abbreviations are given in a table at the beginning of the book, and the terminology behind them is defined informally in the glossary at the end of this volume in terms that, it is hoped, will be helpful to the non-specialist. Lexical glosses are as far as possible drawn from a standardized set such that every instance of a particular radical or unanalyzed lexical item is the same for every attestation of that word. The motivations for this are the same as for erring on the side of etymological analysis. In cases where the use of a standardized gloss is felt to be too distorting (e.g., if it makes it too difficult to identify the source in the analysis line of a particular meaning in the full gloss), more context-appropriate glosses are used. The final line presents a full gloss or approximate English translation. Unlike previous presentations of Lushootseed texts in the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006) or in Bierwert 1996, the English glosses here do not lean towards presenting the content of the utterance in the most idiomatic, registerequivalent manner: instead, the glosses used lean the other way, towards reflecting the actual syntactic structure of the Lushootseed, insofar as this is possible in an intelligible English sentence. This means that some of the glosses offered may occasionally sound stilted (as opposed to the glosses in the Readers, which maintain a colloquial style more reflective of the flavour of the original narrative). It is hoped that having more isomorphic English glosses will make the grammatical structure of the line more obvious to English-speaking (or Englishdominant) readers.3 An example of this is the treatment of the passive voice, whose  See Bierwert 1996, 24–39, for a discussion of a more literary approach to the same material.

3

18

Introduction

discourse functions in Lushootseed are markedly different from those in English (Beck 2000). As a result, passive clauses in the Lushootseed Readers are generally glossed in the active voice in the interests of more natural-sounding English, whereas here passives are glossed in the English passive voice, except where the corresponding English verb does not have a comprehensible passive form. While no attempt was made to match the grammatical aspect of the Lushootseed sentences in the English translations, the translations do match in tense (departing from the practice in the Readers of narrating the stories consistently in the past tense, following standard English storytelling conventions). Since the Lushootseed stories are narrated in the present tense, I have (wherever possible) adopted the convention of glossing the habitual ƛ’u= as ‘always’ or ‘usually’, rather than as the past tense habitual ‘would’ used in the Readers. Finally, I have opted for using a fairly rigid translation of the sentential conjunctions hay ‘so’, huy ‘then’, and gʷəl ‘and’ that introduce so many of the lines in these narratives. Although this has resulted in some odd-sounding English glosses, the dissonance created by the practice is, as noted by Bierwert (1996, 27), an open invitation to further investigation of the role that these elements play in narrative structure. Unlike the translations in the Readers and in Bierwert 1996, the translations here do not make any attempt to maintain the deictic distinctions encoded in the complex Lushootseed system of demonstratives and determiners. One reason for this is that the Lushootseed system reflects so many non-English categories that any attempt to paraphrase would create unwieldy noun phrases (e.g., ‘the specific non-female one near to the speaker’) that receive far more “weight” in the English translation than they have in the Lushootseed original. Another reason is that deictic distinctions (particularly between tiʔəʔ ‘proximate’ and tiʔiɬ ‘distal’) are used for reference-tracking and topic-continuity in ways that they are not in English, and directly translating the Lushootseed determiners in the English translation introduces spurious spatial distinctions (referring to someone as “that person” because they are non-topical when they are actually spatially close to the action and to topical characters referred to as “this person”) or contrasts in definiteness that are not reflective of the original (definiteness not being a category of Lushootseed grammar). Another departure from the practice in the Readers is that glosses no longer contain contextual information about the utterance (added by Hess to help students follow the storyline). Only information that is contained in the utterance itself is included in glosses. Additional material in translations included in parentheses represents either understood but elided arguments of sentence predicates, or – where absolutely necessary – the names

Introduction

19

of third persons expressed by zeros or ambiguous pronominal elements. The motivations for taking this approach are the same as those for opting for isomorphic structural glosses. As with the transcriptions, the translations used in this volume do not always correspond exactly to the translations found in previous published versions of the texts. In a very few cases, these differences result from the reinterpretation, based on grammatical reanalysis, of sentences or phrases. Because these texts were originally transcribed with the help of an Elder native-speaker, this practice was avoided whenever possible; however, there are places where it seems clear that the Elder’s translation was either intended to be more explanatory than literal, or that the difficulty of translating the Lushootseed sentence into a fluent-sounding English sentence led to some reformulation of content. Because the texts in this volume include back-and-forth and conversational exchanges between the storyteller and others present during the telling, there are cases where translations are prefixed with the name or initials of the person speaking – either an interlocutor making an intervention or the storyteller responding to such an interjection or resuming the narrative. The first time an individual makes an interjection, that individual’s full name is used (e.g., “Vi Hilbert”); subsequent interjections are marked by that person’s initials (e.g., “VH”). Acknowledgments It goes without saying that a volume of this type could not have been put together without the efforts of many other people. First and foremost are those who were involved in the creation and recording of the texts themselves – Susie Sampson Peter, Dora Solomon, Mary Sampson Willup, Harry Moses, Alice Williams, Louise Anderson, Dewey Mitchell, and Martin Sampson. Vi Hilbert, Leon Metcalf, and Pamela Amoss also deserve credit for making the recordings from which the stories in this volume are drawn. I’d also like to acknowledge the support of Lushootseed Research. Jay Miller has been exceptionally helpful in providing a preface and the biographical materials on the storytellers and helping to locate photographs and sketches of the storytellers; he also deserves profuse thanks for his good advice on many other matters. Jill La Pointe provided family photos of her grandmother and great-grandmother and other relatives and friends. Thanks also to Theresa Trebon of the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community for biographies of Mary Willup, Martin Sampson, and Dewey Mitchell, and for the photographs of Mrs. Willup, Mr. Mitchell, and the young Martin Sampson. Barbara Brotherton was also kind enough to assist us in finding the picture of Alice Williams. I am grateful to Bruce Miller for discussing this project with the

20

Introduction

Upper Skagit, Swinomish, and Sauk-Suiattle communities. Darcy Cullen and UBC Press also deserve credit for their adaptability as we moved along the road to final publication. Credit and appreciation for the recording and transcription of most of the stories in this volume are due to Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, without whose valiant efforts as a collector of texts, a native-speaker transcriber, and a translator these invaluable stories might have remained forever inaccessible. My late co-author, Thom Hess, deserves much credit for the refinement of the written material and its presentation in this volume, for providing valuable assistance and feedback on the analyses up to his death in 2009. My own interest and what modicum of understanding I have of how the language works flows directly from Thom, and, although his failing health prevented him from participating as energetically as he’d have liked in the final stages of this collaborative project, I’d like to think that he’d be pleased with the final results. David Beck

1 gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter c. 1863–1961

Susie Sampson Peter. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ was born in 1863 near Marblemount, Washington, the eldest of seven children of pačtalo and sbaqʷabaʔl’, a well-known shaman called “Dr. Bailey” or “Billy” in English. At the age of two months, she was baptized at Tulalip as “Mary,” but later was given the nickname “Susie,” which is the English name that stuck with her for most of her life. As a respected storyteller and custodian of Lushootseed cultural heritage and tradition, she become known to many as “Aunt Susie” and the recordings we have of her voice made by Leon Metcalf in the 1950s are among the richest and most authentic records we have of the very oldest of oral traditions. While growing up, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ spoke a conservative, elevated dialect of the Skagit language and was taught traditional skills such as mat and basket

Biographical material drawn from Hilbert 1985, 1995a.

22

Chapter 1

Susie Sampson Peter and her son Alfonso with an unknown child. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.

weaving by her mother’s aunt. At the age of ten, she was sent by her family to quest for spirit powers on Smith Island, off the northwest shore of Whidbey Island. Most of her early life was spent around Hamilton on the Skagit River. As a young woman, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ learned Chinook Jargon so she could work as a housekeeper for white families, earning 25 cents a day, but she never learned to speak English. In her early twenties, she married Joseph “Sam” Sampson, with whom she had two children, Martin (ʔalataɬ, born 1888) and Alfonso (Al, born 1894); it is believed that they had at least three other children, about whom nothing is known. Following the death of Joseph Sampson, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ married William Peter and helped to raise his three children, Richard, Lavinia, and Elizabeth. In 1916, while working in Chilliwack, British Columbia, she first attended a service of the Indian Shaker Church, which she joined a year later. Throughout her life gʷəqʷulc’əʔ built for herself a reputation as an unmatched storyteller and guardian of traditional cultural practices and values; on 1 July 1921, however, her second brother, James, who had followed in his father’s footsteps and become a shaman, was murdered by the relatives of one of his patients who had died. The same thing had happened to their father, so gʷəqʷulc’əʔ urged her own children not to follow the ancient traditions to avoid the same fate. Instead, her eldest son, Martin, became a Catholic and graduated from Hampton Institute, Virginia.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

23

Towards the end of her life, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ became blind and went to live with Martin in Tacoma. Even at an advanced age, she continued to tell syəyəhub for her children, grandchildren, friends, and family, and she was often heard sitting on her own, repeating the stories for herself to keep them fresh in her mind. gʷəqʷulc’əʔ passed away in 1961, at the age of ninety-eight. We are especially privileged to be able to include a story from Mrs. Peter in this collection, both because her telling of the Star Child legend is the longest and most complete extant telling of this foundational syəyəhub, and because her speech represents that of the generation prior to the majority of the other storytellers included in this work. The reader will note many more unglossed items in the interlinear analyses and references to place names and hints at cultural practices that have been lost in time.

24

Star Child

Star Child

as told by Susie Sampson Peter1

1

həbuʔ, sk’ʷuyɬ, həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

sk’ʷuy–aɬ mother–DIM

həbuʔ haboo

Alfonso Sampson: ‘Haboo, Mother, haboo.’2 2

həbuˑʔ həbuʔ haboo

Susie Sampson Peter: ‘Haboo.’ 3

ʔuˑ tacuxʷiʔxʷiʔ tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ləcu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ PAST=CONT–forage

tiʔəʔ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

PROX

PL–woman

‘Oh, the women were foraging for food.’ 4

dəbəɬ sƛ’aʔ dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

sƛ’aʔ nobility

‘They belong to the upper class.’ 5

[sə]sa[ʔ]liʔ təlixʷ suʔsuq’ʷaʔ səsaʔliʔ two:HMN

təlixʷ suʔ–suq’ʷaʔ blood.siblings ATTN–younger.sibling

‘They are two sisters.’ 6

1

2

ləcuč’aʔad əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ, stabəs kʷi sdaʔs ʔal gʷəɬ pastəd ləcu–č’aʔ–t

əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ

skʷiʔxʷ

CONT–dig–ICS

PL

fern.root what=3SBRD

PROX

stab=as

kʷi

sdaʔ–s

REM

name–3PO

Recorded by Leon Metcalf on 13 December 1950 (Metcalf tapes 1 and 2) with Susie Sampson Peter, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert in 1981. Preliminary interlinear analysis by Dane Richards. This expression is an exhortative used to encourage storytellers to begin or continue a story; in line 2, it is used by the storyteller herself to begin the telling.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

ʔal at

25

gʷəɬ pastəd ASSC white.person

‘They are digging for fern roots, whatever the white man’s name for it is.’ 7

č’aʔad əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ č’aʔ–t dig–ICS

əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PL

PROX

skʷiʔxʷ fern.root

‘They dig up fern roots.’ 8

gʷəl ƛ’ušaˑbšabəb gʷəl

ƛ’u=šab–šab–b

SCONJ

HAB=DSTR–dry–MD

‘And always dry them.’ 9

x̌ʷul’ buusəɬdat tiʔəʔ sč’aʔəbs əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ x̌ʷul’ buus•əɬ•dat just four•CLS•day tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ

s=č’aʔ–b=s

PROX

NM=dig–MD=3PO

əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ PR PROX fern.root

PL

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

‘They dig ferns for four days, these women.’ 10

gʷəl ɬax̌iličəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬax̌–il•ič=axʷ darkness–INCH•covering=now

‘And it got dark.’ 11

gʷəl ɬax̌iličəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬax̌–il•ič=axʷ əlgʷəʔ darkness–INCH•covering=now PL

‘And it got dark on them.’ 12

huy, k’ʷik’ʷəqəxʷ əlgʷəʔ, tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ huy SCONJ

k’ʷi–k’ʷəq=axʷ ATTN–lie.on.back=now

‘Then, the women lie down.’

əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

PL

PL–woman

PROX

26

13

Star Child

tiˑləb ʔucut t[s]iʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’ tiləb immediately

ʔu–cut

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

PFV–say

ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old

‘Right away, the older one says,’ 14

ʔuˑ, diɬəxʷ (h)aʔɬ tiʔiɬ stububš ʔu INTJ

diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

haʔɬ good

tiʔiɬ

stub–ubš

DIST

PL–man

‘ “Oh, aren’t those nice men?’ 15

haʔɬ tiʔəʔ stububš gʷəsč’isč’istxʷ čəɬ haʔɬ good

tiʔəʔ

stub–ubš PL–man

PROX

gʷə=s=č’is–č’istxʷ SBJ=NM=DSTR–husband

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “Wouldn’t they make good husbands for us?’ 16

gʷasʔuləx̌tubuɬ kʷədaʔ gʷə=s=ʔuləx̌–txʷ–buɬ SBJ=NM=gather–ECS–1PL.OBJ

kʷədaʔ PTCL

‘ “Would they maybe take us?’ 17

gʷəgʷəɬ tsi dəgʷi tiʔiɬ ʔəsčcalus gʷə=gʷəɬ SBJ=ASSC

tsi SPEC:FEM

dəgʷi you

tiʔiɬ

ʔas–čc•alus

DIST

STAT–red•colour

‘ “The red one would be yours,” ’ 18

tux̌ʷ p’aƛ’aƛ’ sǰuʔcut tux̌ʷ just

p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless

s=ǰuʔ–t–sut NM=enjoy–ICS–REFL

‘It’s just a little joke.’ 19

gʷəl dsgʷaʔ tiʔiɬ dxʷqʷq’ʷalus gʷəl SCONJ

d–sgʷaʔ 1SG.PO–one’s.own

tiʔiɬ

dxʷ–qʷq’ʷ•alus

DIST

CTD–white•colour

‘ “And the white one would be mine.” ’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

20

27

ʔa, ʔəsləqtəb ʔə tiʔəʔ čusəd, t’it’ət’əwaʔs ʔa be.there

ʔas–ləq–t–b STAT–listen–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

čusəd star

t’i–t’ət’əwaʔs ATTN–star

‘They are being listened to by the stars, these little stars.’ 21

x̌ʷul’ ʔuʔitʔitut x̌ʷul’ ʔu–ʔit–ʔitut just PFV–DSTR–sleep

‘The women just go to sleep,’ 22

gʷəl ʔukʷəduˑptub gʷəl

ʔu–kʷəd•dup–txʷ–b

SCONJ

PFV–take•COLL–ECS–PASS

‘And they are gathered up.’ 23

gʷəl ʔuʔux̌ʷtub dxʷšqulgʷədxʷ gʷəl

ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b

dxʷ–šqulgʷədxʷ

SCONJ

PFV–go–ECS–PASS

CNTRPT–sky

‘And they are taken up to the sky.’ 24

ʔaˑ gʷəl ləkʷačil ʔa be.there

gʷəl

lə=kʷačil

SCONJ

PROG=dawn

‘They are there and it became morning.’ 25

ʔušudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ stububš ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ PFV–see–DC=now

əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ

stub–ubš

PL

PL–man

PROX

‘Now they see the men.’ 26

tiˑləb ʔudᶻilitəb ʔə tsi qəp tiʔəʔ sč’istxʷils tiləb ʔu–dᶻili–t–b immediately PFV–reject–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsi SPEC:FEM

qəp tiʔəʔ foolish PROX

s=sč’istxʷ–il=s NM=husband–INCH=3PO

‘Right away the foolish one rejects the one who was to become her husband.’

28

27

Star Child

sqəbibas kʷaʔ xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ sqəbibas even.so

kʷaʔ

xʷiʔ

lə=haʔɬ

PTCL

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “Even so, but he’s no-good,’ 28

ʔuˑ saʔəxʷ kʷi dsk’ʷaɬəlucid ʔu INTJ

saʔ=axʷ bad=now

kʷi

d=s=k’ʷaɬa•l•us–t–sid 1SG.PO=NM=examine•CNN•face–ICS–2SG.OBJ

REM

‘ “Oh, I don’t want to have to be looking at his face.’ 29

haʔɬ ti sč’istxʷ ʔə ts(i) dsk’ʷuyaʔ haʔɬ good

ti SPEC

sč’istxʷ husband

ʔə PR

tsi SPEC:FEM

d–sk’ʷuyaʔ 1PO–dear.girl

‘ “But the husband of my dear sister is good.” ’ 30

tiləb ʔuhaydub ʔə tiʔəʔ t’ət’əwaʔs tiləb immediately

ʔu–hay–dxʷ–b PFV–known–DC–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

t’ət’əwaʔs star

‘Right away it was known by the star.’ 31

ʔuʔəx̌idəxʷ tiʔiɬ adəxʷdᶻilic ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ tiʔiɬ ad=dəxʷ=dᶻili–t–s PFV–what.happened=now DIST 2SG.PO=ADNM=reject–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “Why do you reject me?’ 32

gʷəl tux̌ʷ čəxʷ tubəhiq’ʷabic gʷəl SCONJ

tux̌ʷ čəxʷ just 2SG.SUB

tu=bə=hiq’ʷa–bi–t–s PAST=ADD=desire–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “And you chose at first to admire me?’ 33

adsgʷaʔ adx̌əč tashiq’ʷabic ad–sgʷaʔ ad–x̌əč tu=ʔas–hiq’ʷa–bi–t–s 2SG.PO–one’s.own 2SG.PO–mind PAST=STAT–desire–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “It was your own idea to desire me.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

34

29

adsgʷaʔ ad–sgʷaʔ 2SG.PO–one’s.own

‘ “It is yours.” ’ 35

xʷiʔ gʷəsgʷəgʷadəd ʔə tsiʔəʔ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=gʷə–gʷad–t

NEG

SBJ=NM=ATTN–talk–ICS

ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM

‘She didn’t say anything.’ 36

huy, bəciqʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

bə=ciqʷ=axʷ ADD=dig.roots=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Then they go digging again.’ 37

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 38

bəciˑqʷ tiʔiʔəʔ bə=ciqʷ tiʔ–iʔəʔ ADD=dig.roots PL–PROX

SSP: ‘They dig again.’ 39

gʷəl qəl’qəlil kʷədiʔ sxʷiʔxʷiʔs gʷəl

qəl’–qəlil

kʷədiʔ

s=xʷiʔxʷiʔ=s

SCONJ

DSTR–become.many

REM.DMA

NM=forage=3PO

‘And they have lots (of roots).’ 40

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

30

41

Star Child

ʔa ʔəsdukʷ tiʔəʔ x̌əč̌əč[s] ʔa be.there

ʔas–dukʷ

tiʔəʔ

x̌əč–əč–s

STAT–abnormal

PROX

DIM.EFF–mind–3PO

SSP: ‘She is unhappy in her mind there.’ 42

ʔa ʔəsdukʷ ʔa be.there

ʔas–dukʷ STAT–abnormal

‘She is unhappy there.’ 43

xʷiʔ gʷəsx̌aƛ’txʷs tiʔiɬ stubš xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=x̌aƛ’–txʷ=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=like–ECS=3PO

tiʔiɬ stubš man

DIST

‘She does not like this man.’ 44

diɬ kʷi sdᶻidᶻihiʔs diɬ

kʷi

s=dᶻidᶻihiʔ=s

FOC

REM

NM=be.pregnant=3PO

‘She is pregnant.’ 45

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 46

dᶻidᶻihiˑʔəxʷ tsiʔəʔ dᶻidᶻihiʔ=axʷ be.pregnant=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

SSP: ‘She is pregnant now.’

47

gʷəl ƛ’al’əxʷ diɬ tiʔəʔ cədiɬ luƛ’ kʷədiʔ ʔucut gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’al’=axʷ diɬ tiʔəʔ also=now FOC PROX

cədiɬ luƛ’ he old

‘And it is this old one who says,’

kʷədiʔ

ʔu–cut

REM.DMA

PFV–say

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

48

31

ʔu, xʷiʔ kʷi čaladləp kʷ(i ʔ)ut’q’ʷaxʷ gʷədaab ʔu

xʷiʔ kʷi

INTJ

NEG

REM

čalad=lap kʷi chase=2PL.PO REM

ʔu–t’q’ʷa=axʷ PFV–break=now

gʷədaab underground

‘ “Oh, don’t you guys go after roots that break off underground.” ’ 49

bədᶻaƛ’əbəxʷ bə=dᶻaƛ’–b=axʷ ADD=confuse–MD=now

‘That’s where he is mistaken.’ 50

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 51

ʔu, ʔəsčaləxʷ kʷi dəxʷqəldub čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ cədiɬ luƛ’ ʔu INT

ʔas–čal=axʷ kʷi dəxʷ=qəl–dxʷ–b čəɬ ʔə STAT–how=now REM ADNM=stop–DC–PASS 1PL.PO PR

tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX

PROX

cədiɬ luƛ’ he old

SSP: ‘ “Now why have we been told not to do this by this old one?” ’ 52

č’aʔad č’aʔa–t dig–ICS

‘They dig.’ 53

pkʷalcəxʷ tsiʔəʔ pkʷ•alc=axʷ break.off•PRDCT=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘She breaks it off.’ 54

pkʷaxʷ tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ pkʷ•alc=axʷ break.off•PRDCT=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘She breaks off the fern root.’

skʷiʔxʷ fern.root

32

55

Star Child

huy, ʔuč’aʔadəxʷ ʔuč’aʔadəxʷ ʔuč’aʔadəxʷ huy

ʔu–č’aʔa–t=axʷ PFV–dig–ICS=now

SCONJ

ʔu–č’aʔa–t=axʷ PFV–dig–ICS=now

ʔu–č’aʔa–t=axʷ PFV–dig–ICS=now

‘Then, she digs, and digs, and digs.’ 56

tiˑləb ʔut’uʔali tiləb immediately

ʔu–t’uʔ•ali PFV–hole.through•place

‘Finally she breaks through.’ 57

tiləb ʔuʔux̌ʷ tiləb ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ immediately PFV–go

‘She goes’ 58

ləšuuc lə=šuɬ–c PROG=see–ALTV

‘And she looks.’ 59

diɬ ti swatixʷtəd čəɬ tadiʔ gʷəd diɬ

ti

FOC

SPEC

swatixʷtəd country

čəɬ 1PL.PO

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘ “That’s our land down there.” ’ 60

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 61

tiləb ʔudxʷx̌ac’əlusəd tiləb immediately

ʔu–dxʷ–x̌ac’•alus–t PFV–CTD–cover•eye–ICS

SSP: ‘She covers it up right away.’

gʷəd down

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

62

33

ɬčil əlgʷəʔ ɬčil əlgʷəʔ arrive PL

‘They arrive.’ 63

gʷəl tiləb ʔucut tiʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ

tiləb ʔu–cut tiʔəʔ immediately PFV–say PROX

luƛ’ old

‘And the old man says right away,’ 64

ʔut’uʔali čələp dᶻəɬ ʔu–t’uʔ•ali čələp dᶻəɬ PFV–hole.through•place 2PL.SUB PTCL

‘ “Oh, you folks must have broken through.’ 65

ʔu tiʔiɬ dəxʷʔəƛ’ ʔə tiʔiɬ šəxʷəb ʔu

tiʔiɬ

INTJ

DIST

dəxʷ=ʔəƛ’ ADNM=come

ʔə PR

‘ “That’s why there was a wind.” ’ 66

xʷiʔ, xʷuʔələʔ lil xʷiʔ NEG

xʷuʔələʔ lil maybe far

‘ “No, maybe it was far away.’ 67

xʷuʔələʔ lil xʷuʔələʔ lil maybe far

‘ “Maybe it was from a distance.’ 68

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

tiʔiɬ DIST

šəxʷəb wind

34

69

Star Child

xʷiʔ xʷiʔ gʷəst’uʔali čəɬ xʷiʔ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=t’uʔ•ali

NEG

SBJ=NM=hole.through•place.where

NEG

čəɬ 1PL.PO

SSP: ‘ “We didn’t break through.” ’ 70

kʷačil kʷačil dawn

‘It dawns.’ 71

gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl

bə=ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ

SCONJ

ADD=go

PL

‘And they go again.’ 72

ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘She goes.’ 73

ləcuuc tsiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs lə=cut–c tsiʔəʔ PROG=say–ALTV PROX:FEM

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘She says to her sister,’ 74

ʔu, ɬudxʷƛ’alšəd čəd ʔu INTJ

ɬu=dxʷƛ’alšəd čəd IRR=prepare.cedar 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m going to prepare cedar limbs (for rope making).” ’ 75

ʔəx̌idəxʷ sixʷ tsiʔiɬ dəgʷi ʔəx̌id=axʷ sixʷ tsiʔiɬ dəgʷi what.happened=now PTCL DIST:FEM you

‘ “What do you plan to do?” ’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

76

35

haʔɬ tiʔiɬ adsč’istxʷ haʔɬ tiʔiɬ good DIST

ad–sč’istxʷ 2SG.PO–husband

‘ “You have a good husband.’ 77

xʷiʔ gʷədsx̌aƛ’txʷ tiʔiɬ luƛ’ xʷiʔ

gʷə=d=s=x̌aƛ’–txʷ tiʔiɬ SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=like–ECS DIST

NEG

luƛ’ old

‘ “I don’t like that old one.’ 78

xʷiʔ gʷədsx̌aƛ’txʷ kʷi gʷədsəsƛ’alƛ’alab diʔaʔ gʷəsbədaʔəxʷəd xʷiʔ

gʷə=d=s=x̌aƛ’–txʷ

kʷi

gʷə=d=s=ʔas–ƛ’al–ƛ’ala–b

NEG

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=like–ECS

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–DSTR–stranded–MD

diʔaʔ be.here

gʷə=s=bədaʔ=axʷ=ad SBJ=NM=offspring=now=1SG.SBRD

‘ “I don’t want to get stuck here when I have a child.’ 79

ɬu[d]xʷƛ’aˑlšəd čəd ʔə kʷi sq’ʷuʔq’ʷuʔ čəd[a] ɬučədᶻq’ʷəd čəda ɬut’əbš [čəda] ɬuxʷit’ilagʷil ɬu=dxʷƛ’alšəd IRR=prepare.cedar

čəd ʔə 1SG.SUB PR

kʷi REM

s=q’ʷuʔ–q’ʷuʔ NM=DSTR–gather

čəda 1SG.COORD

ɬu=čədᶻq’ʷ–t čəda ɬu=t’əbš čəda IRR=rub.about–ICS 1SG.COORD IRR=braid 1SG.COORD ɬu=xʷit’–il–agʷil IRR=descend–INCH–AUTO

‘ “I’m going prepare cedar limbs that are gathered, and I’ll break down the fibres and I’ll braid with it, and I’ll let myself down.” ’ 80

adsgʷaʔ adx̌əč ad–sgʷaʔ ad–x̌əč 2SG.PO–one’s.own 2SG.PO–mind

‘ “It’s your decision,” ’ 81

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

36

82

Star Child

cutəb ʔə tsi suq’ʷaʔs cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

tsi

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

SPEC:FEM

SSP: ‘She is told by her sister.’ 83

[d]xʷƛ’alšəd čəd dxʷƛ’alšəd prepare.cedar

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’ll prepare cedar.’ 84

cugʷəxʷ dəgʷi kʷi ɬuciqʷ cukʷ=axʷ only=now

dəgʷi you

kʷi

ɬu=ciqʷ

REM

IRR=dig.roots

‘ “The one who digs for roots will just be you.” ’ 85

[d]xʷƛ’alš[əd] dxʷƛ’alšəd prepare.cedar

‘She prepares cedar boughs’ 86

gʷəl t’əbš gʷəl SCONJ

t’əbš braid

‘And she braids.’ 87

ʔuˑ tuʔuɬax̌il ʔu INTJ

tu=ʔu–ɬax̌–il PAST=PFV–dark–INCH

‘And it becomes night.’ 88

ʔuˑ, pukʷəb tiʔəʔ x̌ix̌payʔ ʔəst’əbš ʔu INTJ

pukʷəb pile

tiʔəʔ

x̌i–x̌payʔ

PROX

ATTN–red.cedar

‘Oh, the braided cedar piles up.’

ʔas–t’əbš STAT–braid

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

89

37

huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəsgʷədils huyu–t=axʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–gʷəd–il=s made–ICS=now PROX IRR=ADNM=STAT–down–INCH=3PO

‘She makes something to sit on.’ 90

həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 91

huy kʷalšəxʷ huy SCONJ

kʷal–š=axʷ weave–ICS=now

SSP: ‘Then she weaves it.’ 92

t’əbšədaxʷ t’əbš–t=axʷ braid–ICS=now

‘She braids it.’ 93

kʷəkʷalš kʷə–kʷal–š ATTN–weave–ICS

‘She weaves it.’ 94

huyud tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəskʷədyalc huyu–t tiʔəʔ made–ICS PROX

ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–kʷəd•y•alc IRR=ADNM=STAT–grasp•CNN•PRDCT

‘She makes something to hang on to.’ 95

kʷədad tiʔəʔ dəč’uʔ bast’əbš kʷəda–t taken–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

dəč’uʔ one

‘She takes one braided piece’

bə=ʔas–t’əbš ADD=STAT–braid

38

96

Star Child

gʷəl ʔəsɬidtxʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cədiɬ qʷɬayʔ gʷəl

ʔas–ɬid–txʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

STAT–tie–ECS=now

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cədiɬ qʷɬayʔ here he log

PROX

‘And she ties it to a stick.’ 97

ɬuɬaq’ dᶻixʷ ɬu=ɬaq’a IRR=fall

dᶻixʷ first

‘It will land first.’ 98

gʷəl tililəb ɬasgʷib kʷi ɬuscəq’šadəbs dəxʷəsaydxʷs tiʔiɬ ɬusɬaʔs dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ pədixʷ gʷəl SCONJ

til–iləb ɬu=ʔas–gʷib kʷi ɬu=s=cəq’•šad–b=s immediately–INTNS IRR=STAT–prepare REM IRR=NM=jab•foot–MD=3PO

dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s tiʔiɬ ADNM=STAT–know–DC=3PO DIST tiʔiɬ DIST

ɬu=s=ɬaʔ=s

dxʷ–ʔal

IRR=NM=arrive.there=3PO

CNTRPT–at

pədixʷ soil

‘And it will be ready for her to stand upon; that’s how she’ll know it has reached the ground’ 99

gʷəl ɬucəq’šadəb gʷəl

ɬu=cəq’•šad–b

SCONJ

IRR=jab•foot–MD

‘And she will stand on it.’ 100 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 101 t’ugʷuˑd tiʔəʔ t’ukʷu–t tiʔəʔ measure–ICS PROX

SSP: ‘She measures it.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

39

102 gʷəl ɬaˑʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬaʔ arrive.there

‘And it reaches there.’ 103 ƛ’ubiləxʷ ƛ’ub–il=axʷ well–INCH=now

‘It is all right now.’ 104 tx̌ʷuˑd tx̌ʷu–t pull–ICS

‘She pulls it.’ 105 cuuc tsiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c say–ALTV

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘She says to her sister,’ 106 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬaskʷədyic x̌ʷul’ just

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ɬu=ʔas–kʷəda–yi–t–s IRR=STAT–grasp–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “You will just be holding on to it for me.’ 107 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 108 ʔu gʷəl čəxʷ ɬaskʷədyic ʔu

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ɬu=ʔas–kʷəda–yi–t–s IRR=STAT–grasp–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ

SSP: ‘ “Oh, and you will be holding on to it for me.’

40

Star Child

109 x̌ʷul’ šəlcutəxʷ čəd x̌ʷul’ šəls–t–sut=axʷ just hanging.down–ICS–REFL=now

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’ll just let myself down.” ’ 110 šəlstəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ suq’ʷaˑʔs šəls–t–b ʔə tsiʔəʔ hanging.down–ICS–PASS PR PROX:FEM

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘She is lowered by her sister.’ 111 ɬubuusaɬ kʷi ɬudstitx̌ʷud čxʷa ɬukʷaʔəd čəda ɬutx̌ʷuˑdəxʷ ɬu=buus•aɬ kʷi ɬu=d=s=ti–tx̌ʷu–t čxʷa ɬu=kʷaʔ–t IRR=four•CLS REM IRR=1SG.PO=NM=ATTN–pull–ICS 2SG.COORD IRR=released–ICS čəda 1SG.COORD

ɬu=tx̌ʷu–t=axʷ IRR=pull–ICS=now

‘ “I shall pull it four times, then you let it go and I’ll pull it.” ’ 112 ɬupukʷəb ɬu=pukʷəb IRR=pile

‘ “It will pile up.” ’ 113 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘She goes’ 114 gʷəl ɬaʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬaʔ arrive.there

‘And she arrives.’ 115 titx̌ʷud titx̌ʷud titx̌ʷud ti–tx̌ʷu–t ATTN–pull–ICS

ti–tx̌ʷu–t

ti–tx̌ʷu–t

ATTN–pull–ICS

ATTN–pull–ICS

‘She pulls, and pulls, and pulls.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

41

116 buusaɬ kʷi stx̌ʷuds buus•aɬ kʷi s=tx̌ʷu–t=s four•CLS REM NM=pull–ICS=3PO

‘She pulls four times’ 117 gʷəl kʷaʔtəb ʔə tsi gʷəl SCONJ

kʷaʔ–t–b ʔə tsi released–ICS–PASS PR SPEC:FEM

‘And it is released by (her sister).’ 118 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 119 huy tx̌ʷudəxʷ huy SCONJ

tx̌ʷu–t=axʷ pull–ICS=now

SSP: ‘Then she pulls it.’ 120 gʷəl pukʷəb gʷəl SCONJ

pukʷəb pile

‘And it piles up.’ 121 ʔibəšəxʷ ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘She walks.’ 122 gʷəč’əbaxʷ ʔə kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ gʷəč’–b=axʷ search–CSMD=now

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

‘She searches now for a creek.’

dᶻəɬixʷ creek

42

Star Child

123 ʔiˑbəš dᶻəlucid ʔə tiʔiɬ duqʷač ʔibəš travel

dᶻəlucid cross.river

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

duqʷač Nookachamps

‘She walks to the banks of the Nookachamps River.’ 124 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 125 diɬ sdaʔs diɬ FOC

sdaʔ–s name–3PO

SSP: ‘That is its name.’ 126 duqʷač kʷi sədaʔad[s]əxʷ duqʷač kʷi s=lə=daʔa–t=s=axʷ Nookachamps REM NM=PROG=name–ICS=3PO=now

‘What she is naming it now is Nookachamps.’ 127 cədiləxʷ tiʔəiɬ lədaʔad cədiɬ=axʷ he=now

tiʔiɬ

lə=daʔa–t

DIST

PROG=name–ICS

‘What she names it is that.’ 128 diɬ duqʷač tiʔiɬ diɬ FOC

duqʷač tiʔiɬ duqʷač DIST

‘That one’s the Nookachamp.’ 129 ʔuˑx̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘She goes.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

43

130 gʷəl ʔalil tiʔiɬ lil gʷəl

ʔal–il tiʔiɬ at–INCH DIST

SCONJ

lil far

‘And she arrives a long way off.’ 131 lil tiʔiɬ sʔibəš[s] lil far

tiʔiɬ s=ʔibəš=s NM=travel=3PO

DIST

‘She walks a long way.’ 132 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi dsʔəladᶻiʔɬ ɬu=stab=axʷ kʷi IRR=what=now REM

d=s=ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ 1SG.PO=NM=care.for•child

‘ “What will I use for a babysitter?’ 133 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi ɬasʔəladᶻiʔɬyic ɬu=stab=axʷ IRR=what=now

kʷi

ɬu=ʔas–ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ–yi–t–s

REM

IRR=STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “Who will babysit for me?” ’ 134 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 135 gʷəl ʔəšudxʷ tiʔəʔ haʔɬ p’q’ac gʷəl

ʔas–šuɬ–dxʷ tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

STAT–see–DC

PROX

haʔɬ good

p’q’ac rotten.wood

SSP: ‘And she sees a good old rotten log.’ 136 dᶻubud dᶻubud dᶻubud dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

‘She kicks it, kicks it, and kicks it.’

44

Star Child

137 tiləb ʔut[ab] tiləb immediately

ʔu–tab PFV–do

‘Right away it moves.’ 138 yaʔɬ ʔugʷədil tiʔəʔ p’q’ac yaʔɬ be.unable

ʔu–gʷəd–il tiʔəʔ PFV–down–INCH PROX

p’q’ac rotten.wood

‘In vain it tries to get up, this rotten log.’ 139 xʷiˑʔ gʷəsʔəx̌ids xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔəx̌id=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=what.happened=3PO

‘It doesn’t.’ 140 paƛ’aƛ’ x̌ʷul’ ʔəsgʷədil paƛ’aƛ’ worthless

x̌ʷul’ just

ʔas–gʷəd–il STAT–down–INCH

‘It just sits there.’ 141 bədᶻubud bə=dᶻubu–t ADD=kick–ICS

‘She kicks it again,’ 142 gʷəl bəhuyil p’q’ac gʷəl

bə=huyu–il

SCONJ

ADD=made–INCH

p’q’ac rotten.wood

‘And it became a rotten log.’ 143 gʷəl bəʔibəˑš gʷəl

bə=ʔibəš

SCONJ

ADD=travel

‘And she walked on.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

45

144 bəɬčis tiʔəʔ dəč’uʔ bə=ɬčil–s tiʔəʔ ADD=arrive–ALTV PROX

dəč’uʔ one

‘She comes to another.’ 145 gʷəl bədᶻubud gʷəl

bə=dᶻubu–t

SCONJ

ADD=kick–ICS

‘And again she kicks it.’ 146 yaʔɬ ʔugʷədiˑl yaʔɬ be.unable

ʔu–gʷəd–il PFV–down–INCH

‘It tries in vain to get up.’ 147 xʷiʔ gʷəsuhuys ʔaciɬtalbixʷ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–huyu=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–made=3PO

‘It doesn’t become a person.’ 148 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 149 ləbədᶻubud lə=bə=dᶻubu–t PROG=ADD=kick–ICS

SSP: ‘She kicks it again.’ 150 gʷəl bəp’q’acil gʷəl

bə=p’q’ac–il

SCONJ

ADD=rotten.wood–INCH

‘And becomes a log.’

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

46

Star Child

151 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tsiʔəˑʔ ʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ go PROX:FEM

‘She goes.’ 152 gʷəl bəɬčis tiʔəʔ haˑʔɬ p’q’ac gʷəl

bə=ɬčil–s

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

ADD=arrive–ALTV

PROX

haʔɬ good

‘And again she comes to a good log.’ 153 dᶻubud dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

‘She kicks it.’ 154 dᶻubud ʔə kʷi buusaɬ dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

buus•aɬ four•CLS

‘She kicks it four times.’ 155 yaʔɬ ʔugʷədil yaʔɬ be.unable

ʔu–gʷəd–il PFV–down–INCH

‘It is unable to get up.’ 156 xʷiʔ gʷəsgʷəgʷadəds xʷiʔ gʷə=s=gʷə–gʷad–t=s NEG SBJ=NM=ATTN–speak–ICS=3PO

‘It can’t speak a word.’ 157 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

p’q’ac rotten.wood

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

47

158 huy sixʷ bədᶻubdᶻubudəxʷ huy

sixʷ

bə=dᶻub–dᶻubu–t=axʷ

SCONJ

PTCL

ADD=DSTR–kick–ICS=now

SSP: ‘Then again she kicks it.’ 159 bədᶻubudəxʷ bə=dᶻubu–t=axʷ ADD=kick–ICS=now

‘She kicks it again.’ 160 dᶻubud dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

‘And kicks it.’ 161 tiˑləb ʔutab tiləb immediately

ʔu–tab PFV–what

‘Right away it moves.’ 162 tiləb ʔuhuyil p’q’ac tiləb immediately

ʔu–huyu–il PFV–made–INCH

p’q’ac rotten.wood

‘Right away it becomes a rotten log.’ 163 huy, bəʔibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ

bə=ʔibəš=axʷ ADD=travel=now

‘Then, she walks again.’ 164 mmmm 165 ʔi gʷəl ɬčis tiʔəʔ haˑʔɬ p’q’aˑc ʔəšaˑb ʔi

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

ɬčil–s arrive–ALTV

tiʔəʔ PROX

haʔɬ good

p’q’ac ʔas–šab rotten.wood STAT–dry

‘Oh, and she comes to a good rotten log that is dry.’

48

Star Child

166 haˑʔɬ kʷədiʔ səshuˑys haʔɬ good

kʷədiʔ

s=ʔas–huyu=s

REM.DMA

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘That one that is made is a good one.’ 167 huy dᶻubud ʔə tiʔiɬ buusaɬ huy SCONJ

dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

ʔə tiʔiɬ buus•aɬ PR DIST four•CLS

‘Then she kicks it four times.’ 168 tiləb ʔugʷədil tsiʔəʔ ɬuƛ’ tiləb immediately

ʔu–gʷəd–il

tsiʔəʔ

PFV–down–INCH

PROX:FEM

ɬuƛ’ old

‘Right away, an old lady sat up.’ 169 ʔəsx̌ʷuq’ʷdis ʔə tiʔəʔ sqiqəlikʷs ʔas–x̌ʷuq’ʷdis STAT–pinned

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

s=qi–qəlikʷ=s

PROX

NM=ATTN–blanket=3PO

‘She has a little blanket pinned around her.’ 170 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 171 gʷəl ʔugʷəgʷadəd, gʷəl

ʔu–gʷə–gʷad–t

SCONJ

PFV–ATTN–speak–ICS

SSP: ‘And she speaks.’ 172 šəwu dʔibač 3 šəwu d–ʔibač INTJ 1SG.PO–grand.child

‘ “Oh, my granddaughter,’ 3

The interjections at the beginning of this line and of line 173 seem to be particular to the speech of this character, for which Mrs. Peter adopts a special voice evocative of age or senility.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

49

173 šu ʔuqəɬ čəd tasʔiʔitut šu

ʔu–qəɬ

INTJ

PFV–awaken

čəd 1SG.SUB

tu=ʔas–ʔi–ʔitut PAST=STAT–ATTN–sleep

‘ “I have awakened, I was having a little sleep.” ’ 174 gʷədil kiaʔ gʷədil gʷəd–il down–INCH

kiaʔ grandmother

gʷəd–il down–INCH

‘ “Sit up, grandmother, sit up.’ 175 ləʔibəš čəd lə=ʔibəš PROG=travel

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I am travelling.’ 176 ɬasʔəladᶻaʔɬyic čəxʷ ɬu=ʔas–ʔəladᶻ•aʔɬ–yi–t–s IRR=STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You will babysit for me.” ’ 177 dxʷʔaləxʷ ti dxʷx̌ədiʔəb tiʔiɬ dxʷʔas dxʷ–ʔal=axʷ ti dxʷ–x̌ədiʔəb tiʔiɬ CNTRPT–at=now SPEC CNTRPT–x̌ədiʔəb DIST

dxʷ–ʔa=s CNTRPT–be.there=3PO

‘Where she goes to is x̌ədiʔəb.’ 178 diʔɬ sʔəq’dxʷs tiʔiɬ bəbuus x̌payʔac diʔɬ suddenly

s=ʔəq’–dxʷ=s NM=open–DC=3PO

‘She comes upon four cedars.’ 179 haʔɬ yaˑw’ ʔəšab haʔɬ good

yaw’ only.if

ʔas–šab STAT–dry

‘They are very dry.’

tiʔiɬ bə=buus x̌payʔac ADD=four red.cedar

DIST

50

Star Child

180 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 181 ʔuˑ, diɬəxʷ (h)aʔɬ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəsɬaɬlil čəɬ ʔu INTJ

diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

haʔɬ good

tiʔəʔ

ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil

PROX

IRR=ADNM=STAT–live

SSP: ‘ “Oh, this will be a good place for us to live.” ’ 182 huy, qʷibicutəxʷ huy SCONJ

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ prepared–ICS–REFL=now

‘Then, she prepares herself.’ 183 mmmmmmmm 184 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘She goes.’ 185 šuuc tiʔəʔ dᶻəɬixʷ šuɬ–c see–ALTV

tiʔəʔ dᶻəɬixʷ PROX creek

‘She looks at the creek.’ 186 ləcutəyil dᶻəɬ kʷi sʔuladxʷ ləcu–təyil dᶻəɬ kʷi CONT–go.upriver PTCL REM

sʔuladxʷ salmon

‘The salmon must have been running.’ 187 ɬučəɬ əw’ə čəd sxʷiʔap ɬu=čəɬ IRR=make

əw’ə PTCL

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’ll make a fishtrap.’

sxʷiʔap fish.trap

čəɬ 1PL.PO

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

51

188 ɬutqalikʷ əw’ə čəd əw’ə

ɬu=tqa–alikʷ IRR=closed–ACT

PTCL

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’ll trap them.” ’ 189 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 190 huy [d]xʷƛ’alšədəxʷ huy SCONJ

dxʷƛ’alšəd=axʷ prepare.cedar=now

SSP: ‘Then she prepares the cedars.’ 191 huˑy čəčx̌abəxʷ huy SCONJ

čə–čəx̌a–b=axʷ ATTN–split–MD=now

‘Then she splits them.’ 192 gʷəl huy kʷalšəxʷ tiʔiɬ sčəɬs sxʷiʔap gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

kʷal–š=axʷ tiʔiɬ weave–ICS=now DIST

‘And then she weaves her fishtrap.’ 193 huy dxʷtčigʷədidəxʷ huy SCONJ

dxʷ–təč•igʷəd–i–t=axʷ CTD–roll•body–SS–ICS=now

‘Then she puts it in the water’ 194 huy ʔux̌ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then she goes.’

s=čəɬ=s NM=make=3PO

sxʷiʔap fish.trap

52

Star Child

195 gʷəl huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəstqadiʔs, təqtqadiʔs gʷəl SCONJ

huyu–t=axʷ made–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ

ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–tqadiʔ=s

PROX

IRR=ADNM=STAT–fish.trap=3PO

təq–tqadiʔ–s DSTR–fish.trap–3PO

‘And she makes the rest of her trap.’ 196 ʔaʔədəxʷ tiʔəʔ sxʷiʔaps ʔa–t=axʷ be.there–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

sxʷiʔap–s fish.trap–3PO

‘She places the fishtrap.’ 197 ʔaˑ gʷəl, basbədaʔil ʔa be.there

gʷəl SCONJ

bə=ʔəs=bədaʔ–il ADD=STAT–offspring–INCH

‘She is there and she gives birth to her child.’ 198 həbuʔ 4 həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 199 ʔa gʷəl ləcut, ʔa be.there

gʷəl

lə=cut

SCONJ

PROG=say

SSP: ‘She is there and she says,’ 200 ɬuhaʔlid čəxʷ t(i) adʔibac ɬu=haʔɬ–i–t IRR=good–SS–ICS

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ti SPEC

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “You will comfort your grandchild.’ 201 ɬuɬadəyʔlucidbid čəxʷ ɬu=ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t IRR=woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You will refer to the baby only as a girl child.’ 4

Mr. Sampson adds something after this but it is indistinct on the tape.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

53

202 ʔəsgʷəč’əb k’ʷəɬ kʷi dəbəɬ tul’ʔal q’ixʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔə kʷi stubš ʔas–gʷəč’–b k’ʷəɬ STAT–search–CSMD QTV sɬə–ɬadəyʔ ʔə PR

kʷi REM

kʷi

PL–woman

REM

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at

q’ixʷ upstream

stubš man

‘ “I hear that there are women from upriver looking for a man.’ 203 gʷəsaxʷəbtub t(i) adʔibac gʷə=saxʷəb–txʷ–b SBJ=run–ECS–PASS

ti SPEC

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “Your grandson will be kidnapped.’ 204 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬadəyʔlucidbid x̌ʷul’ just

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

‘ “Just call him a girl.” ’ 205 gʷəl ʔəsqəp t[s]ə gə[t] luƛ’ gʷəl

ʔas–qəp

tsə

SCONJ

STAT–foolish

NSPEC:FEM

gət guy

luƛ’ old

‘But this silly old woman is foolish.’ 206 ʔuˑx̌ʷ t[s]iʔəʔ šəhab ʔux̌ʷ go

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

šəhab trap.fish

‘The one who traps fish goes,’ 207 gʷəl ƛ’uləsč’ədᶻəd čad dəxʷuhaʔlad[s] ti xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ti bibədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’u=ləs–č’ədᶻ–t HAB=PROG.STAT–stalk–ICS

čad where

dəxʷ=ʔu–haʔɬad=s ADNM=PFV–make.better=3PO

ti

xʷiʔ

lə=haʔɬ

ti

bi–bədaʔ

SPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

SPEC

ATTN–offspring

‘And she always sneaks up to where that good-for-nothing soothes the baby.’

54

Star Child

208 ʔaˑbšpibəš 5 ʔas–bəs–špibəš STAT–PROP–man

‘ “She has a boy.’ 209 ʔaˑbšpibəš ʔas–bəs–špibəš STAT–PROP–man

‘ “She has a boy.’ 210 k’ʷəliˑɬ čəxʷ ʔubəspaʔpadəyʔ k’ʷəliɬ čəxʷ ʔu–bəs–paʔ–padəyʔ INTJ 2SG.SUB PFV–PROP–ATTN–woman

‘ “Oh! I mean you have a little girl.’ 211 k’ʷəliɬ čəxʷ ʔubəspaʔpadəɬyʔ k’ʷəliɬ INTJ

čəxʷ ʔu–bəs–paʔ–padəɬyʔ 2SG.SUB PFV–PROP–ATTN–woman

‘ “Oh! I mean you have a little girl.” ’ 212 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 213 ʔu, ƛ’utubšlucidbitəb ʔə tsi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ti bibədaʔ ʔu

ƛ’u=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t–b ʔə tsi HAB=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS–PASS PR SPEC:FEM

INTJ

ti

bi–bədaʔ

SPEC

ATTN–offspring

xʷiʔ lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

NEG

SSP: ‘ “Oh, the baby is called a boy by the good-for-nothing.’

5

It is possible that špibəš here is a variant pronunciation of stubš ‘man’, perhaps stylized speech typical of this character. The same is true of padəyʔ and padəɬyʔ in the lines below, which may be variants of sɬadəyʔ ‘woman’.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

55

214 ɬusaxʷəbtub ɬu=saxʷəb–txʷ–b IRR=run–ECS–PASS

‘ “He’ll be kidnapped.” ’ 215 ʔiˑ kʷi stab gʷəgʷadgʷadxʷ ʔi

kʷi

INTJ

REM

stab what

gʷə=gʷad–gʷad–dxʷ SBJ=DSTR–speak–DC

‘And she scolds her.’ 216 ʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəxʷtubšlucidbid t(i) adʔibac ʔəx̌id what.happened

kʷi REM

ad=dəxʷ=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t 2SG.PO=ADNM=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

ti SPEC

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “Why do you call your grandchild a grandson?” ’ 217 ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd čəd ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd [čəd] ƛ’u=dxʷ–bali•igʷəd HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area

čəd 1SG.SUB

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I forgot myself, I forgot myself.” ’ 218 həbuʔəd gʷəkawič čəxʷ həbuʔ–t həbuʔ–ICS

gʷə=kawič SBJ=hunchback

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘Say haboo, or you’ll get hunchbacked.’ 219 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

ƛ’u=dxʷ–balih•igʷəd HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area

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Star Child

220 ʔaˑ tsiʔəʔ ʔa be.there

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

SSP: ‘She is there.’ 221 gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ bəšəhab gʷəl

SCONJ

bə=ʔux̌ʷ bə=šəhab ADD=trap.fish

ADD=go

‘And she goes to trap fish again.’ 222 ƛ’al’ sixʷ bətubšlucidbitəb ʔə tsi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ƛ’al’ also

sixʷ bə=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t–b ADD=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS–PASS

PTCL

ʔə PR

tsi

xʷiʔ

SPEC:FEM

NEG

lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

‘She again hears the foolish babysitter using boy terms to the child.’ 223 ʔuˑ ɬusaxʷəbtub ti dbədaʔ ʔu INTJ

ɬu=saxʷəb–txʷ–b ti d–bədaʔ IRR=run–ECS–PASS SPEC 1SG.PO–offspring

‘ “Oh, my child will be kidnapped.” ’ 224 ʔuladxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ tsiʔəʔ catch.salmon PROX:FEM

ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ catch.salmon catch.salmon

ʔuladxʷ catch.salmon

‘She caught salmon, caught salmon, caught salmon.’ 225 ʔəx̌id, ʔuʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəxʷutubšlucidbid t(i) adʔibac ʔəx̌id ʔu–ʔəx̌id kʷi what.happened PFV–what.happened REM ad=dəxʷ=tu–tubš•l•ucid–bi–t ti 2SG.PO=ADNM=ATTN–man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS SPEC

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “Why, oh why, do you call your grandchild a grandson?’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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226 ʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəx̌ʷul’ ɬadəyʔlucidbid ʔəx̌id what.happened

kʷi REM

ad=dəxʷ=x̌ʷul’ 2SG.PO=ADNM=just

ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

‘ “Why don’t you just call him a girl child?’ 227 x̌ʷul’ gʷadsaxʷəbtxʷyitəb x̌ʷul’ just

gʷə=ad=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–yi–t–b SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=run–ECS–DAT–ICS–PASS

‘ “You’ll just have him kidnapped from you.” ’ 228 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 229 ʔaˑ, ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd čəd ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd [čəd] ʔa

ƛ’u=dxʷ–bali•igʷəd

INTJ

HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area

ƛ’u=dxʷ–balih•igʷəd HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area

čəd 1SG.SUB čəd 1SG.SUB

SSP: ‘ “Oh, I forget myself, I forgot myself.” ’ 230 x̌əɬ ti ƛ’ux̌aab t[s]iʔəʔ luƛ’ x̌əɬ‿ti seemingly

ƛ’u=x̌aab

tsiʔəʔ

HAB=cry

PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

‘She kind of cries, this old one.’ 231 ʔiˑ, bəʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ šəhabiluɬ ʔi

bə=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ

tsiʔəʔ

INTJ

ADD=go=now

PROX:FEM

šəhab–iluɬ trap.fish–PRPV

‘Again she goes, she goes to remove salmon from her trap.’ 232 tiˑləbəxʷ xʷiʔ gʷəsuhaʔliʔɬ ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiləb=axʷ xʷiʔ gʷə=s=ʔu–haʔɬ•iʔɬ immediately=now NEG SBJ=NM=PFV–good•child

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘But right away the old one can’t seem to comfort the child.’

58

Star Child

233 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 234 ʔuˑ ɬik’ʷtubəxʷ ti dbədaʔ ʔə tsi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu INTJ

ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ hook–ECS–PASS=now

ti SPEC

d–bədaʔ ʔə 1SG.PO–offspring PR

tsi

xʷiʔ

SPEC:FEM

NEG

lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

SSP: ‘Oh, the good-for-nothing will have my son kidnapped from her.’ 235 ɬčisəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ɬčil–s–b=axʷ arrive–ALTV–PASS=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘Some women came to the old woman.’ 236 tiləb ʔuwiliq’ʷitəb tiləb immediately

ʔu–wiliq’ʷi–t–b PFV–ask–ICS–PASS

‘They ask her right away,’ 237 stab tiʔiɬ adsəsʔəladᶻiʔɬ stab tiʔiɬ ad=s=ʔas–ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ what DIST 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–care.for•child

‘ “What is that you are taking care of?” ’ 238 spaʔpadəyʔ, sbəlus, spaʔpadəyʔ spaʔ–padəyʔ sbəlus spaʔ–padəyʔ ATTN–woman ?? ATTN–woman

‘ “A girl child, your honours, a girl child.” ’ 239 x̌ʷul’ ƛ’ubəɬəgʷəldub tsə gə[t] x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=bə=ɬəgʷɬ–dxʷ–b just HAB=ADD=leave–DC–PASS

‘This gal is just left.’

tsə NSPEC:FEM

gət guy

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

59

240 gʷəl bəhaʔliʔɬ gʷəl

bə=haʔɬ•iʔɬ

SCONJ

ADD=good•child

‘And she comforts the child.’ 241 čaˑč kʷi bəčagʷil k’ʷəasliɬ čəxʷ ʔubəspaʔpadəyʔ čaˑčas kʷi child REM

bəča–agʷil fall–AUTO

k’ʷəliɬ INTJ

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ʔu–bəs–paʔ–padəyʔ PFV–PROP–ATTN–woman

‘♪ “He who lies down is a child – oh, oh, I mean you have a daughter!” ♪ ’ 242 ʔu, ƛ’utubšlucidbitəb ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ tiʔiɬ č’ač’as ʔu INTJ

ƛ’u=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t–b ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ tiʔiɬ HAB=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS–PASS PR DIST:FEM old DIST

‘ “Oh, that old woman always calls that child a boy!” ’ 243 saxʷəbəxʷ tsi ʔiɬt’it’isu saxʷəb=axʷ run=now

tsi

ʔiɬ–t’i–t’isu

SPEC:FEM

PRTV–ATTN–youngest

‘The younger one runs’ 244 gʷəl kʷədyid tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ

kʷəda–yi–t tsiʔəʔ take–DAT–ICS PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

‘And takes the child from the old lady’ 245 gʷəl ləp’aɬabacəd gʷəl

lə=p’aɬ•abac–t

SCONJ

PROG=examine•body–ICS

‘And examines it all over.’ 246 tiˑləb ʔuhaydxʷ stutubš tiləb immediately

ʔu–hay–dxʷ

stu–tubš

PFV–known–DC

ATTN–man

‘Right away she finds out that it is a boy child.’

č’ač’as child

60

Star Child

247 huy saxʷəbtxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

saxʷəb–txʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ run–ECS=now PL

‘Then they kidnap him.’ 248 ʔaˑ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔəsx̌ik’ʷəb ʔa be.there

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

ʔas–x̌ik’ʷəb STAT–alone

‘The old woman is there by herself alone.’ 249 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 250 gʷəl ɬčil tsiʔəʔ ʔəbsbədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬčil arrive

tsiʔəʔ

ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ

PROX:FEM

STAT–PROP–offspring

SSP: ‘And the child’s mother arrives.’ 251 ʔuɬčisəb tiʔəʔ adbədaʔ ʔə ti sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔu–ɬčil–s–b PFV–arrive–ALTV–PASS

tiʔəʔ PROX

ad–bədaʔ ʔə 2SG.PO–offspring PR

‘ “Oh, some women have come to your child.’ 252 yaʔɬ čəd x̌əɬ ti ʔux̌ibdup yaʔɬ čəd x̌əɬ‿ti ʔu–x̌ib•dup be.unable 1SG.SUB seemingly PFV–grab•COLL

‘ “I have tried in vain to grab on to him,’ 253 x̌ʷul’ ʔiɬsaxʷəbtxʷ əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷul’ just

ʔiɬ–saxʷəb–txʷ

əlgʷəʔ

PRTV–run–ECS

PL

‘ “They have simply kidnapped him.” ’

ti

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

SPEC

PL–woman

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

61

254 yəx̌i čəxʷ ƛ’utubšlucidbid yəx̌i because

čəxʷ ƛ’u=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t 2SG.SUB HAB=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

‘ “Because you called him a boy child!” ’ 255 tiləb ʔudᶻubutəb tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiləb ʔu–dᶻubu–t–b immediately PFV–kick–ICS–PASS

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

‘Right away, the old woman was kicked.’ 256 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl SCONJ

lə=cut PROG=say

‘And she says,’ 257 šaha bəʔəx̌itubš čəxʷ ʔu šaha

bə=ʔəx̌id–txʷ–bš

INTJ

ADD=what.happened–ECS–1SG.OBJ

čəxʷ ʔu 2SG.SUB INT

‘ “What are you doing to me?” ’ 258 həʔ həʔ hay 6 259 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 260 ʔaˑ t[s]iʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔa be.there

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

SSP: ‘This old woman is there.’ 261 gʷəl dᶻubdᶻubutəbəxʷ gʷəl

dᶻub–dᶻubu–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–kick–ICS–PASS=now

‘She is kicked.’ 6

This is spoken in a louder voice with a pronounced cadence; it was not included in the original transcription. It is unknown whether it has lexical meaning or is an exhortation to the audience.

62

Star Child

262 ʔuˑ p’q’acəxʷ ʔu INTJ

p’q’ac=axʷ rotten.wood=now

‘Oh, now she is a rotten log.’ 263 huy ɬəgʷəlbaxʷ huy SCONJ

ɬəgʷɬ–b=axʷ leave–PASS=now

‘Then she is left there.’ 264 kʷədatəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ sqəlad ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs kʷəda–t–b ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ sqəlad ʔə tiʔəʔ tu=bədaʔ–s taken–ICS–PASS PR PROX:FEM PROX diaper PR PROX PAST=offspring–3PO

‘The mother takes the soiled diaper of what was her child.’ 265 gʷəl k’ʷit’txʷ dxʷʔal kʷədiʔ dᶻəɬixʷ gʷəl SCONJ

k’ʷit’–txʷ shoreward–ECS

dxʷ–ʔal

kʷədiʔ

CNTRPT–at

REM.DMA

dᶻəɬixʷ creek

‘And she takes it down to the creek.’ 266 huy dᶻaqadəxʷ huy SCONJ

dᶻaqa–t=axʷ mourn–ICS=now

‘Then she mourns.’ 267 x̌aabəxʷ x̌aab=axʷ cry=now

‘She cries.’ 268 ʔistadəxʷ čəd ʔə tiˑ, ti šiʔab gʷəɬ dbədaʔ, ʔistaʔ–t=axʷ čəd ʔə be.like–ICS=now 1SG.SUB PR

ti

ti

SPEC

SPEC

šiʔab gʷəɬ beloved ASSC

d–bədaʔ 1SG.PO–offspring

‘♪ “Here is what I used to do to the clothing of my beloved child. ♪’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

63

269 p’ic’i[d] kʷədaʔ, p’ic’i[d] kʷədaʔ p’ic’i–t wring.out–ICS

kʷədaʔ PTCL

p’ic’i–t wring.out–ICS

kʷədaʔ PTCL

‘♪ “Wringing it out, wringing it out.” ♪’ 270 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 271 ʔistadəxʷ čəd ʔə tiˑ, ti šiʔab gʷəɬ dbədaʔ, ʔistaʔ–t=axʷ čəd ʔə be.like–ICS=now 1SG.SUB PR

ti

ti

SPEC

SPEC

šiʔab gʷəɬ beloved ASSC

d–bədaʔ 1SG.PO–offspring

SSP: ‘♪ “Here is what I used to do to the clothing of my beloved child. ♪’ 272 p’ic’i[d] kʷədaʔ p’ic’i–t wring.out–ICS

kʷədaʔ PTCL

‘♪ “Wringing it out.” ♪’ 273 x̌ʷul’ dxʷdᶻal kʷədiʔ sup’ic’ids kʷədiʔ xʷciʔikʷ x̌ʷul’ just

dxʷ–dᶻal

kʷədiʔ

s=ʔu–p’ic’i–t=s

kʷədiʔ

CNTRPT–reverse

REM.DMA

NM=PFV–wring.out–ICS=3PO

REM.DMA

xʷci•ʔikʷ remove•wipe

‘Only to the right does she wring out his diaper.’ 274 diˑʔɬ kʷi gʷəč’iq’əd ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ diʔɬ kʷi suddenly REM

gʷə=č’iq’əd SBJ=scream

ʔə PR

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Suddenly the Diaper Child cries out.’ 275 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

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Star Child

276 x̌aab tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌aab cry

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

SSP: ‘This one cries.’ 277 x̌aab x̌aab cry

‘He cries.’ 278 x̌aab x̌aab cry

‘He cries.’ 279 kʷədad tiʔəʔ bədaʔs kʷəda–t taken–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

‘She takes her child’ 280 gʷəl xʷəlk’ʷabactxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

xʷəlk’ʷ•abac–txʷ wrap.around•body–ECS

‘And she wraps him up.’ 281 xʷəlk’ʷabactub kʷədaʔ, tiʔəʔ staʔtəbs, tiʔəʔ [s]ʔəɬəds xʷəlk’ʷ•abac–txʷ–b wrap.around•body–ECS–PASS

kʷədʔ

tiʔəʔ

staʔ–tab–s

tiʔəʔ

REM:DMA

PROX

ATTN–thing–3PO

PROX

sʔəɬəd–s food–3PO

‘Those things, her belongings and her food, are wrapped up.’ 282 gʷəl čəbaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ

čəbaʔ–t backpack–ICS

‘She packs them.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

65

283 dxʷqicəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ x̌ədiˑʔəb dxʷ–qic=axʷ ʔə CNTRPT–downstream=now PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

x̌ədiʔəb x̌ədiʔəb

‘Downstream of x̌ədiʔəb now.’ 284 gʷəl ɬčiˑl dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’udaʔatəb sčičigʷqs gʷəl SCONJ

ɬčil arrive

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

CNTRPT–at

PROX

diʔəʔ ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b sčičigʷqs here HAB=named–ICS–PASS sčičigʷqs

‘And she arrives at a place called sčičigʷqs ...’ 285 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 286 ʔilucid ʔə tiʔiɬ duqʷač ʔilucid river.mouth

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

duqʷač Nookachamps

SSP: ‘... the mouth of the Nookachamps River.’ 287 ʔa kʷi səshudičupsəxʷ ʔa kʷi s=ʔas–hud•čup=s=axʷ be.there REM NM=STAT–burn•firewood=3PO=now

‘There she builds a fire’ 288 ɬaɬlil ɬaɬlill live

‘She lives there.’ 289 ɬaˑɬliləxʷ ɬaɬlill=axʷ live=now

‘She lives there now.’

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Star Child

290 ləcux̌aab ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry

‘She cries, she cries.’ 291 x̌aaˑb x̌aab cry

‘She cries.’ 292 ck’ʷaqid ʔux̌aabid tiʔiɬ bədaʔs ck’ʷaqid always

ʔu–x̌aab–i–t PFV–cry–SS–ICS

tiʔiɬ bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

DIST

‘She always cries for her son.’ 293 qəlbut ʔa tiʔəʔ cədiɬ p’ic’ikʷs … qəlbut ʔa even.though be.there

tiʔəʔ PROX

cədiɬ p’ic’ikʷ–s he Diaper.Child–3PO

‘Even though she has her Diaper Child ...’ 294 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 295 ... bədaʔs bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

SSP: ‘... her son.’ 296 gʷəl ləʔa tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔal tiʔəʔ x̌ʷix̌ʷalič ʔəsɬaɬlil gʷəl

lə=ʔa

SCONJ

PROG=be.there

tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔal tiʔəʔ x̌ʷix̌ʷalič raven at PROX x̌ʷix̌ʷalič

PROX

‘And there is Raven there, living at x̌ʷix̌ʷalič.’

ʔas–ɬaɬlil STAT–live

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

67

297 hikʷ[alʔ]txʷ hikʷ•alʔtxʷ big•house

‘He has a big house.’ 298 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

Unknown woman: ‘Haboo.’ 299 hiˑkʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔal ʔə qaw’qs hikʷ big

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔalʔal house

ʔə PR

qaw’qs raven

SSP: ‘Raven’s house is big.’ 300 dxʷsaliʔič dxʷ–saliʔ•ič CTD–two•cover

‘It is two-fire size.’ 301 siʔab siʔab noble

‘He is high-class.’ 302 siʔab tiʔəʔ qaw’qs siʔab noble

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘Raven is high-class.’ 303 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔəsɬaɬlil ʔa be.there

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘Raven lives there’

qaw’qs ʔas–ɬaɬlil raven STAT–live

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Star Child

304 qa tiʔəʔ sq’ʷuʔq’ʷuʔs qa many

tiʔəʔ PROX

s=q’ʷuʔ–q’ʷuʔ=s NM=DSTR–gather=3PO

‘Many people are around him.’ 305 diʔɬ kʷi scut ʔə kʷi qaw’qs diʔɬ suddenly

kʷi

s=cut

REM

NM=say

ʔə PR

kʷi

qaw’qs raven

REM

‘Suddenly Raven says,’ 306 ɬuqʷic čən’ ɬuqʷic čən’ 7 ɬu=qʷic čən’ ɬu=qʷic čən’ IRR=travel.downstream 1SG.SUB IRR=travel.downstream 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m going downstream, I’m going downstream.’ 307 ɬu[ʔu]l[u]luɬ čən’ ɬu[ʔu]l[u]luɬ čən’ ɬuʔuluɬ ɬu=ʔul–uluɬ čəd IRR=DIM.EFF–travel.by.water 1SG.SUB

ɬu=ʔul–uluɬ IRR=DIM.EFF–travel.by.water

čəd 1SG.SUB

ɬu=ʔuluɬ IRR=travel.by.water

‘ “I’m going to paddle around, paddle around, paddle around.” ’ 308 huy, qʷicəxʷ kʷi qaw’qs huy SCONJ

qʷic=axʷ kʷi travel.downstream=now REM

qaw’qs raven

‘So Raven goes downstream.’ 309 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 310 diˑʔɬ kʷi šudxʷs kʷi ləcuqʷiqʷšab diʔɬ suddenly

kʷi

s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s

kʷi

ləcu–qʷi–qʷšab

REM

NM=see–DC=3PO

REM

CONT–ATTN–smoke

SSP: ‘Suddenly he sees a little smoke.’ 7

This and the following lines spoken by Raven are in the stylized speech of this character, where the voiced stops are replaced by nasals or nasals plus schwa. See Hess 1982 for discussion.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

69

311 ɬalil kʷi q’aw’qs ɬalil go.ashore

kʷi REM

q’aw’qs Raven

‘Raven goes ashore.’ 312 gʷəl q’ʷib gʷəl SCONJ

q’ʷib disembark

‘And he gets out.’ 313 ʔəsq’isq’isaq ʔas–q’is–q’is•aq STAT–DSTR–exposed•forked

‘He lifts his pant legs.’ 314 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘He goes.’ 315 stab stab what

‘What’s this?’ 316 sɬadəyʔ tsiʔəʔ ʔəsgʷədil sɬadəyʔ woman

tsiʔəʔ

ʔas–gʷəd–il

PROX:FEM

STAT–down–INCH

‘Sitting there is a woman.’ 317 ʔəskʷədiʔɬ ʔas–kʷəd•iʔɬ STAT–hold•child

‘She is holding a child.’

70

Star Child

318 həbuʔ ho həbuʔ haboo

ho ho

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 319 saxʷəbisəb ʔə kʷi qaw’qs saxʷəb–bi–s–b run–MAP–ALTV–PASS

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

qaw’qs raven

SSP: ‘They are run after by Raven.’ 320 gʷəl tux̌ʷilcəd gʷəl SCONJ

tux̌ʷu•ilc–t pull•round.thing–ICS

‘And grabs her by the hair.’ 321 hahahaha 322 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 323 k’ʷit’txʷ k’ʷit’–txʷ shoreward–ECS

SSP: ‘He takes them down to the water.’ 324 kʷəduˑptub ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ stabiʔɬ, tiʔəʔ sqiqəlikʷs, tiʔəʔ sʔəɬəds əlgʷəʔ kʷəd•dup–txʷ–b grab•COLL–ECS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

tiʔəʔ stab•iʔɬ tiʔəʔ thing•child PROX

PROX

s=qi–qəlikʷ=s tiʔəʔ sʔəɬəd–s NM=ATTN–blanket=3PO PROX food–3PO

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Things for her child, his little blankets, their food are grabbed up by her.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

71

325 gʷəl q’ilid gʷəl SCONJ

q’ili–t aboard–ICS

‘And she puts them on board.’ 326 huy, təyiltxʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ studəqs huy SCONJ

təyil–txʷ=axʷ go.upriver–ECS=now

tiʔəʔ

studəq–s slave–3PO

PROX

‘Then, he takes his slaves upstream.’ 327 tiˑləb ʔudaʔad tiʔəʔ stutudəqs tiləb ʔu–daʔa–t tiʔəʔ immediately PFV–name–ICS PROX

s=tu–tudəq–s NM=ATTN–slave–3PO

‘He names his little slave right away.’ 328 daʔad ʔə kʷi ɬəɬəwabixʷ daʔa–t named–ICS

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ

‘He names him ɬəɬəwabixʷ.’ 329 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 330 ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ

SSP: ‘ɬəɬəwabixʷ.’ 331 təyil təyil go.upriver

‘They go upstream’

72

Star Child

332 gʷəl ɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔal x̌ʷix̌ʷalič, siʔab ʔi studəq gʷəl SCONJ

ɬčil arrive

dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

tiʔiɬ ʔal x̌ʷix̌ʷalič at x̌ʷix̌ʷalič

DIST

siʔab ʔi studəq master and slave

‘And they arrive at x̌ʷix̌ʷalič, nobleman and slaves.’ 333 ʔuˑ, ƛ’uləšədᶻal tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔu

ƛ’u=lə=šədᶻal tiʔəʔ HAB=PROG=go.outside PROX

INTJ

qaw’qs raven

‘Oh, Raven always goes outside.’ 334 gʷəl ƛ’uləcup’əc’didusəd tiʔəʔ studəqs liɬʔal p’əc’ gʷəl

ƛ’u=ləcu–p’əc’–di–t–us–t

SCONJ

HAB=CONT–defecate–SS–ICS–face–ICS

tiʔəʔ studəq–s slave–3PO

PROX

liɬ–ʔal PRLV–at

p’əc’ defecate

‘And he relieves himself on the face of his slave with his feces’ 335 x̌ʷul’ bət’əqt’qaladiʔ ʔə kʷi sp’əc’ ʔə qaw’qs x̌ʷul’ bə=t’əq–t’q•aladiʔ ʔə kʷi s=p’əc’ ʔə qaw’qs just ADD=DSTR–adhere•side.of.head PR REM NM=defecate PR raven

‘The sides of her head are just crusted with the excrement of Raven.’ 336 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 337 huy sixʷ tudəqiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ tudᶻilid tadiʔ t’ət’əwaʔs huy

sixʷ

SCONJ

PTCL

tudəq–il=axʷ tsiʔəʔ tudᶻil–i–t tadiʔ enslaved–INCH=now PROX:FEM bend.forward–SS–ICS DIST.DMA

t’ət’əwaʔs star

SSP: ‘So now this one woman who rejected the star way up there becomes a slave.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

73

338 huy p’aƛ’aƛ’iləxʷ huy

p’aƛ’aƛ’–il=axʷ worthless–INCH=now

SCONJ

‘Then she becomes beggarly.’ 339 ʔa gʷəl saliʔiləxʷ ʔa

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

saliʔ–il=axʷ two–INCH=now

‘Now we come to the second part (of the story).’ 340 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ bədaʔs ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔə dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔa be.there

tiʔəʔ PROX

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ ʔə PR

DIST

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

‘Her son is there with the women from upriver.’ 341 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 342 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 343 gʷəl ləluˑƛ’il gʷəl

lə=luƛ’–il

SCONJ

PROG=old–INCH

SSP: ‘And he gets older.’ 344 ləʔibʔibəš lə=ʔib–ʔibəš PROG=DSTR–travel

‘He walks around.’

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

74

Star Child

345 tiləb ʔusaxʷəb tiʔəʔ č’ač’as tiləb immediately

ʔu–saxʷəb

tiʔəʔ

PFV–run

PROX

č’ač’as child

‘Right away he runs.’ 346 k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa tsi ʔəsɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷalus ʔal tadiʔ k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa tsi ʔas–ɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷ•alus mother be.there SPEC:FEM STAT–staring•eyes

ʔal at

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘ “Mother, there is someone with big eyes over there.” ’ 347 čad, čad čad čad where where

‘ “Where, where?” ’ 348 ʔal tadiʔ ʔal at

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘ “Over there.” ’ 349 sč’istxʷ čəɬ ti dəgʷi sč’istxʷ 8 sč’istxʷ husband

čəɬ ti dəgʷi 1PL.PO SPEC you

sč’istxʷ husband

‘ “You are our husband, a husband,” ’ 350 cutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔiɬ č’ač’as cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

tsiʔəʔ tiʔiɬ PROX:FEM DIST

č’ač’as child

‘The woman says to this boy.’ 351 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

8

The term sč’istxʷ ‘husband’ is used here in the sense of ‘provider’ or ‘breadwinner’.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

75

352 huy, čəɬtxʷəxʷ q’čic tiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

čəɬ–txʷ=axʷ make–ECS=now

q’čic bow

tiʔəʔ PROX

SSP: ‘Then, she makes him a bow.’ 353 puʔpəy’ičəd puʔ–pəy’ič–t ATTN–curve•covering–ICS

‘She puts a bowstring on it.’ 354 bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd čəɬ tə stab adsut’uc’ud čəxʷ ɬuɬuƛ’iləxʷ bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd all food

čəɬ tə stab 1PL.PO NSPEC what

ad=s=ʔu–t’uc’u–t čəxʷ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–shoot–ICS 2SG.SUB

ɬu–ɬuƛ’–il=axʷ ATTN–old–INCH=now

‘ “Everything you shoot is food for us as you grow up.” ’ 355 ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as ʔux̌ʷ go

tiʔəʔ PROX

č’ač’as child

‘The boy goes.’ 356 gʷəl t’uc’ud tsiʔəʔ sqʷiʔəqʷ gʷəl SCONJ

t’uc’u–t shot–ICS

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sqʷiʔəqʷ squirrel

‘And he shoots a squirrel.’ 357 huy, ʔəƛ’txʷyidəxʷ tsiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

ʔəƛ’–txʷ–yi–t=axʷ come–ECS–DAT–ICS=now

‘And he brings it to her.’ 358 huy, q’ʷəx̌ʷtəb huy SCONJ

q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t–b butcher–ICS–PASS

‘Then it is butchered.’

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

76

Star Child

359 gʷəl sʔəɬəd gʷəl SCONJ

sʔəɬəd food

‘And it is food.’ 360 ʔaˑ gʷəl ləluˑƛ’il ʔa be.there

gʷəl

lə=luƛ’–il

SCONJ

PROG=old–INCH

‘He is there and he grows up.’ 361 gʷəl bəšudxʷ tiʔiɬ bədəč’uʔ gʷəl

bə=šuɬ–dxʷ

tiʔiɬ

bə=dəč’uʔ

SCONJ

ADD=see–DC

DIST

ADD=one

‘And he sees another one.’ 362 laʔbəxʷ higʷəxʷ kʷədiʔ q’čictəgʷi həlaʔb=axʷ hikʷ=axʷ really=now big=now

kʷədiʔ

q’čictəgʷi bow

REM.DMA

‘His bow is very big.’ 363 ʔu k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa tiʔiɬ ʔušudxʷ čəd ʔu INTJ

k’ʷuyəʔ mother

ʔa be.there

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ čəd 1SG.SUB

PFV–see–DC

‘ “Oh, Mother, there is something I saw.’ 364 haaˑc k’ʷəlk’ʷəladiʔs haac long

k’ʷəl–k’ʷəladiʔs DSTR–ear

‘ “It had long ears.” ’ 365 sč’istxʷ čəɬ ti dəgʷi sč’istxʷ sč’istxʷ husband

čəɬ 1PL.PO

ti SPEC

dəgʷi you

sč’istxʷ husband

‘ “You are our husband, a husband.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

77

366 t’uc’ud čəxʷ t’uc’u–t shot–ICS

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You shoot it.’ 367 bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd čəɬ tə bək’ʷ stab bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd all food

čəɬ 1PL.PO

tə NSPEC

bək’ʷ all

stab what

‘ “Everything is food for us.” ’ 368 huy, t’uc’udəxʷ tsiʔəʔ k’ʷčidiʔ huy SCONJ

t’uc’u–t=axʷ shoot–ICS=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

k’ʷčidiʔ rabbit

‘Then he shoots the rabbit’ 369 huy, ʔux̌ʷtxʷyidəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–yi–t=axʷ go–ECS–DAT–ICS=now

‘Then he takes it to her.’ 370 ʔux̌ʷtxʷyidəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–yi–t=axʷ go–ECS–DAT–ICS=now

‘He takes it to her.’ 371 gʷəl ləq’ʷax̌ʷtəb ʔə tsiʔəˑʔ gʷəl

lə=q’ʷax̌ʷ–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=butcher–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘And it is butchered.’ 372 gʷəl q’ʷəlb əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ k’ʷčidiʔ gʷəl SCONJ

q’ʷəl–b əlgʷəʔ ʔə cooked–CSMD PL PR

‘And they cook it.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

k’ʷčidiʔ rabbit

78

Star Child

373 gʷəl ləhuˑydxʷ gʷəl

lə=huyu–dxʷ

SCONJ

PROG=made–ECS

‘And they manage to do it.’ 374 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 375 diˑɬ sixʷ kʷi bəšudxʷs kʷi ʔəsɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷalus diɬ

sixʷ

kʷi

bə=s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s

kʷi

ʔas–ɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷ•alus

FOC

PTCL

REM

ADD=NM=see–DC=3PO

REM

STAT–stare•eyes

SSP: ‘Again he sees something with staring eyes.’ 376 k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa tsi ʔəsɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷalus ʔušudxʷ čəd k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa tsi ʔas–ɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷ•alus mother be.there SPEC:FEM STAT–staring•eyes

ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ čəd 1SG.SUB

PFV–see–DC

‘ “Mama, there is someone with big eyes I saw.” ’ 377 xʷiʔ xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsucutcut xʷiʔ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

NEG

ad=s=ʔu–cut–cut 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say

‘ “No! No! Don’t say that!’ 378 sč’istxʷ čəɬ ti dəgʷi sč’istxʷ husband

čəɬ 1PL.PO

ti SPEC

dəgʷi you

‘ “You are our husband.” ’ 379 ʔa gʷəl ləhuyudəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ laʔb q’čic ʔa gʷəl lə=huyu–t=axʷ be.there SCONJ PROG=made–ICS=now

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘He is there and a real bow is now made for him.’

həlaʔb q’čic really bow

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

79

380 hikʷ hikʷ big

‘It is big.’ 381 huy, t’uc’utəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ č’ač’as tsiʔəʔ sqigʷac huy SCONJ

t’uc’u–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ shoot–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX

‘Then the boy shoots a deer.’ 382 huy, ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

‘Then he goes after it’ 383 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 384 gʷəl tx̌ʷutəb gʷəl SCONJ

tx̌ʷu–t–b pull–ICS–PASS

SSP: ‘And pulls it.’ 385 mmm 386 huy, q’ʷəx̌ʷtəbaxʷ huy SCONJ

q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t–b=axʷ butcher–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then it is butchered.’ 387 huy, luƛ’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ gə[t] huy SCONJ

luƛ’–il=axʷ old–INCH=now

‘Then this guy grows up.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

gət guy

č’ač’as child

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sqigʷac deer

80

Star Child

388 xʷiʔəxʷ ləgʷəč’gʷč’i[ɬəd] xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

lə=gʷəč’–gʷč’•iɬəd NEGP=DSTR–search•food

‘He no longer hunts only small game.’ 389 mmm 390 huy, t’uc’ud kʷi kʷagʷičəd huy SCONJ

t’uc’u–t kʷi kʷagʷičəd shoot–ICS REM elk

‘Then he shoots an elk.’ 391 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 392 t’uc’udəxʷ t’uc’u–t=axʷ shoot–ICS=now

SSP: ‘He shoots it.’ 393 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 394 t’uc’udəxʷ t’uc’u–t=axʷ shoot–ICS=now

SSP: ‘He shoots it.’ 395 ʔa kʷaʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔa kʷaʔ be.there PTCL

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘There, though, is Diaper Child.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

81

396 ʔəstudəqil ʔal ti qaw’qs ʔas–studəq–il STAT–slave–INCH

ʔal at

ti SPEC

qaw’qs raven

‘He has become the slave of Raven.’ 397 ʔahəxʷ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

‘There he is now.’ 398 gʷəl ləluˑƛ’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl

lə=luƛ’–il=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PROG=old–INCH=now

PROX

diʔəʔ here

tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘And this one, Diaper Child, is growing older.’ 399 ɬuƛ’ačupəxʷ ɬu=ƛ’a•čup=axʷ IRR=go•firewood=now

‘He goes out now to get firewood.’ 400 šəƛ’aptubəx dxʷʔal tə xʷədᶻaʔəb šəƛ’•ap–txʷ–b=ax scorch•bottom–ECS–PASS=now

dxʷ–ʔal

tə

CNTRPT–at

NSPEC

xʷədᶻaʔəb xʷədᶻaʔəb

‘He is sent toward xʷədᶻaʔəb.’ 401 diɬ sdaʔs diɬ FOC

sdaʔ–s name–3PO

‘That is its name.’ 402 šəƛ’aptubəxʷ šƛ’•ap–txʷ–b=axʷ scorch•bottom–ECS–PASS=now

‘He is sent to fell trees by burning through a hole at its base.’

82

Star Child

403 ʔaˑ gʷəl tuqəldub ʔə tiʔiɬ gə(t) tiʔəʔ č’ač’as ʔa

gʷəl

tu=qəl–dxʷ–b

INTJ

SCONJ

PAST=bad–DC–PASS

ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST

gət guy

tiʔəʔ PROX

č’ač’as child

‘These gals have warned this boy.’ 404 tux̌ʷ ɬadəxʷstubš tux̌ʷ ɬu=ad=dəxʷ=stubš just IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=man

‘ “Only when you are a grown man,’ 405 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 406 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsčalad kʷagʷičəd ɬuʔux̌ʷəs ʔə tə ʔa xʷiʔ kʷi NEG

REM

ad=s=čala–t kʷagʷičəd 2SG.PO=NM=chased–ICS elk

ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ=as IRR=go=3SBRD

ʔə tə PR NSPEC

ʔa be.there

SSP: ‘ “Shall you follow an elk over in that direction.’ 407 cukʷ kʷi ləcudxʷdiʔucid kʷi ləcučalad čəxʷ cukʷ kʷi only REM

ləcu–dxʷ–diʔu–t–sid

kʷi

ləcu–čala–t

CONT–CTD–other.side–ICS–2SG.OBJ

REM

CONT–chase–ICS

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “Only those which go across the water are you to follow.” ’ 408 ʔu, ʔəsčal əw’ə tiʔiɬ cəxʷuqəldup ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ gʷəxʷiʔəs gʷədsčalad kʷi tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔistaʔ ʔu INTJ

ʔas–čal əw’ə STAT–how seem

tiʔiɬ d=dəxʷ=ʔu–qəl•dup DIST 1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–stop•COLL

ʔə tiʔ–iʔiɬ PR PL–DIST

gʷə=xʷiʔ=as gʷə=d=s=čala–t kʷi tatačulbixʷ SBJ=NEG=3SBRD SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=chase–ICS REM big.game.animal dxʷ–ʔistaʔ CNTRPT–be.like

‘ “Now why am I forbidden to follow my game in that direction?’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

83

409 ƛ’ub čəd haw’ə ʔutəlawil ƛ’ub well

čəd haw’ə ʔu–təlawil 1SG.SUB PTCL PFV–run

‘ “I guess I had better run.” ’ 410 ʔuʔux̌ʷ ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go

‘He goes.’ 411 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 412 huy, təlawiləxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as huy

təlawil=axʷ run=now

SCONJ

tiʔəʔ PROX

č’ač’as child

SSP: ‘Then, the boy runs.’ 413 gʷəl q’ilus gʷəl

q’ilus reach.the.top.of

SCONJ

‘He gets to the top.’ 414 gʷəl šuuc gʷəl SCONJ

šuɬ–c see–ALTV

‘And he looks at it.’ 415 ʔuˑ ləcuqʷəšqʷəšəb tadiʔ q’ixʷ ʔu INTJ

ləcu–qʷəš–qʷəšəb CONT–DSTR–smoke

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

q’ixʷ upstream

‘Oh, there is something creating some smoke upriver.’

84

Star Child

416 ləcuqʷəšqʷəšəb tiʔəʔ ʔaɬx̌ad ləcu–qʷəš–qʷəšəb CONT–DSTR–smoke

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔaɬx̌ad downstream

‘Smoke is rising downstream.’ 417 gʷəl biˑʔman’ dᶻidᶻəɬixʷ tiʔəʔ cəxʷcutəbids tiʔəʔ stuləkʷ kʷa hikʷ stuləkʷ gʷəl

biʔman’ dᶻi–dᶻəɬixʷ tiʔəʔ d=dəxʷ=cut–b–i–t=s small

SCONJ

tiʔəʔ

ATTN–creek

stuləkʷ river

PROX

kʷaʔ PTCL

PROX

hikʷ big

1SG.PO=ADNM=say–MD–SS–ICS=3PO stuləkʷ river

‘He thinks it was just a small creek, this that is really a large river.’ 418 ʔuˑ diɬ xʷuʔələʔ cəxʷtul’ʔa kʷi cəxʷqadaditəb ʔə tiʔiɬ xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu

diɬ

INTJ

FOC

xʷuʔələʔ maybe

d=dəxʷ=tul’–ʔa kʷi 1SG.PO=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there REM

d=dəxʷ=qada–di–t–b ʔə tiʔiɬ 1SG.PO=ADNM=steal–SS–ICS–PASS PR DIST

xʷiʔ NEG

lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

‘ “Oh, maybe that is where the no-good ones stole me from.’ 419 tiʔiʔiɬ ʔəsɬaɬlil tiʔ–iʔiɬ ʔas–ɬaɬlil PL–DIST STAT–live

‘ “From those who are living there.’ 420 ɬuhaydxʷ čələp ɬu=hay–dxʷ čələp IRR=know–DC 2PL.SUB

‘ “You guys will know.” ’ 421 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

85

422 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəˑʔ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ PROX go

SSP: ‘He goes.’ 423 ləsč’ič’ədᶻəd tiʔaʔ ləs–č’i–č’ədᶻ–t PROG.STAT–ATTN–stalk–ICS

tiʔaʔ PROX:UNQ

‘Stealthily he creeps up on them.’ 424 tasx̌ik’ʷx̌ik’ʷəb tu=ʔas–x̌ik’ʷ–x̌ik’ʷəb PAST=STAT–DSTR–lonely

‘They were alone.’ 425 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘He goes.’ 426 gʷəl ləlil’əqalatxʷ gʷəl

lə=li–l’əq•alatxʷ

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–be.in.be.in.right.place.place•house

‘He comes close to the house.’ 427 gʷəl tubsč’istxʷ kʷədaʔ tsiʔəʔ gʷətuxʷiʔəs, xʷiʔəs gʷətudsƛ’aʔalqəb čəd[a] tusaxʷəbid tsi luƛ’ čəda tup’aɬabacyid ʔə tiʔiɬ səsʔaladᶻtəgʷi tiʔiɬ č’ač’as gʷəl SCONJ

tu=bə=sč’istxʷ kʷədaʔ PAST=ADD=husband PTCL

tsiʔəʔ gʷə=tu=xʷiʔ=as xʷiʔ=as PROX:FEM SBJ=PAST=NEG=3SUB NEG=3SUB

gʷə=tu=d=s=ƛ’aʔalq–b čəda SBJ=PAST=1SG.PO=NM=notice–MD 1SG.COORD luƛ’ old

čəda 1SG.COORD

tu=saxʷəb–bi–t

tsi

PAST=run–MAP–ICS

SPEC:FEM

tu=p’aɬ•abac–yi–t PAST=examine•body–DAT–ICS

s=ʔas–ʔaladᶻ–t–agʷid NM=STAT–care.for–ICS–TOBJ

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

č’ač’as child

‘ “And would there be a provider if it were not for the fact that I noticed and took him from the old woman and I examined the child that she was babysitting?” ’

86

Star Child

428 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 429 ʔuˑ, tusqadaʔ haw’ə čəd ʔə tə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu INTJ

tu=ʔas–qadaʔ PAST=STAT–steal

haw’ə PTCL

čəd 1SG.SUB

ʔə PR

tə

xʷiʔ

lə=haʔɬ

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

SSP: ‘ “Oh, so I was stolen by these no good people.’ 430 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 431 ʔuhaydxʷ čələp ʔu–hay–dxʷ PFV–known–DC

čələp 2PL.SUB

SSP: ‘ “You folks know it.” ’ 432 ʔaˑ bəbəlkʷaxʷ ʔa

bə=bəlkʷ=axʷ

INTJ

ADD=return=now

‘Thereupon he returns.’ 433 gʷəl ləkʷiʔkʷtxʷ ʔə kʷi sʔəˑƛ’s gʷəl

lə=kʷiʔ–kʷ–txʷ

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–call.out–ECS

ʔə PR

kʷi

s=ʔəƛ’=s

REM

NM=come=3PO

‘And he makes some noise as he approached.’ 434 gʷəl gʷəƛ’əbk’ʷadəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ gʷəl

gʷə=səba–t=axʷ

tiʔ–iʔəʔ

SCONJ

SBJ=quiet–ICS=now

PL–PROX

‘And they stop talking.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

87

435 x̌aƛ’txʷ gʷəsaydxʷs ʔəsčal kʷədiʔ dᶻixʷ kʷədaʔ dxʷkʷədatiʔ x̌aƛ’–txʷ gʷə=s=hay–dxʷ=s ʔas–čal kʷədiʔ like–ECS SBJ=NM=know–DC=3PO STAT–how REM.DMA

dᶻixʷ kʷədaʔ first PTCL

dxʷ–kʷəda–t–id CTD–taken–ICS–PASS.SBRD

‘He is curious to learn how he was taken by these people first.’ 436 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ gʷəl, wiliq’ʷitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ čəgʷas ʔa

tiʔəʔ gʷəl

INTJ

PROX

SCONJ

wiliq’ʷi–t–b ask–ICS–PASS

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘Then he is asked by his wife,’ 437 ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔa be.there

ʔu

kʷi

INT

REM

ad=sxʷiʔxʷiʔ 2SG.PO=game

‘ “Do you have any game?’’ 438 ʔa ʔah be.there

‘ “Yes.’ 439 ʔəsɬaq’ ʔal ti ʔal tadiʔ ʔas–ɬaq’a ʔal ti ʔal STAT–fall at SPEC at

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘ “It is lying way over there.” ’ 440 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘She goes.’ 441 gʷəl ləkʷədad tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd gʷəl

lə=kʷəda–t

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PROG=taken–ICS

PROX

‘And she takes this elk’

kʷagʷičəd elk

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

88

Star Child

442 gʷəl tx̌ʷud gʷəl SCONJ

tx̌ʷu–t pull–ICS

‘And she pulls it.’ 443 čəbaʔəd čəbaʔ–t backpack–ICS

‘She backpacks it.’ 444 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 445 q’ʷəx̌ʷəd q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t butcher–ICS

SSP: ‘She butchers it.’ 446 kʷačil kʷačil day.begins

‘It dawns.’ 447 gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ gʷəl

bə=ʔux̌ʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go

‘And he goes.’ 448 ʔahəxʷ x̌ʷul’əxʷ diɬ tiʔiɬ, tiʔiɬ ʔəslax̌dxʷəxʷ ʔa=axʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ be.there=now just=now

diɬ

tiʔiɬ

tiʔiɬ

ʔas–lax̌–dxʷ=axʷ

FOC

DIST

DIST

STAT–remember–DC=now

‘He is there and he just remembers this.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

89

449 bəɬčiˑl tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bə=ɬčil ADD=arrive

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘He arrives.’ 450 ƛ’al’ bələcuyabuk’ʷ ƛ’al’ bə=ləcu–yabuk’ʷ also ADD=CONT–fight

‘And they are still quarreling.’ 451 ʔuˑ, tasqadaʔ haw’ə čəd ʔə tə dxʷsaʔsaʔus ʔu INTJ

tu=ʔas–qadaʔ PAST=STAT–steal

haw’ə PTCL

čəd 1SG.SUB

ʔə PR

‘ “So I was stolen by these bad people.’ 452 ɬuhaydxʷ čələp ɬu=hay–dxʷ IRR=know–DC

čələp 2PL.SUB

‘ “You guys will know.’ 453 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 454 ɬučaladəxʷ čəd tiʔiɬ kʷagʷičəd ɬu=čala–t=axʷ čəd tiʔiɬ IRR=chase–ICS=now 1SG.SUB DIST

kʷagʷičəd elk

SSP: ‘ “I’m going now to chase that elk.’ 455 ɬučaladəxʷ čəd ɬu=čala–t=axʷ čəd IRR=chase–ICS=now 1SG.SUB

‘ “I will chase it.” ’

tə

dxʷ–saʔ–saʔus

NSPEC

CTD–DSTR–bad

90

Star Child

456 huy, saxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd dxʷgʷəd, q’ixʷbid ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal Sedro Woolley huy

saxʷəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd dxʷ–gʷəd q’ixʷ–bid run–MD=now PROX elk CNTRPT–down upstream–RLNL

SCONJ

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔal Sedro Woolley at Sedro Woolley

‘Then the elk runs downhill, upstream from above Sedro Woolley.’ 457 saxʷəb dxʷgʷəd saxʷəb dxʷ–gʷəd run CNTRPT–down

‘It runs downhill’ 458 ʔaˑ gʷəl gʷədil ʔalil tiʔiɬ cak’ʷdup ʔa

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

gʷəd–il down–INCH

ʔal–il at–INCH

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘Oh, and it sits (as it) comes to level ground.’ 459 gʷəl gʷəlald gʷəl SCONJ

gʷəlal–t kill–ICS

‘And he kills it.’ 460 q’ʷəx̌ʷəd q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t butcher–ICS

‘He butchers it.’ 461 dxʷʔix̌ʷigʷədid dxʷ–ʔix̌ʷi•igʷəd–i–t CTD–thrown•insides–SS–ICS

‘He throws away the insides.’ 462 gʷəl šəqəd gʷəl SCONJ

šq–t high–ICS

‘And he raises it.’

cak’ʷdup level

ʔə PR

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

91

463 k’iɬid k’iɬi–t hang–ICS

‘He hangs it up.’ 464 kʷədad tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ kʷəda–t taken–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔudaw’ tallow

‘He takes the tallow.’ 465 gʷəl dəgʷaš ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiɬʔičids, dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷdəwalc … gʷəl SCONJ

dəkʷa–š ʔal inside–ICS at

tiʔəʔ ʔiɬ–ʔičid–s dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ PRTV–quiver–3PO ADNM=be.there PR PROX

PROX

dəxʷ=dəkʷ•alc ADNM=inside•PRDCT

‘And he packs it with his hunting equipment ...’ 466 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 467 tiʔəʔ dxʷq’čic ʔi tiʔəʔ t’isəds tiʔəʔ PROX

dxʷ–q’čic ʔi CTD–bow CONJ

tiʔəʔ PROX

t’isəd–s arrow–3PO

SSP: ‘... with his bow and his arrows.’ 468 huy huy SCONJ

Unknown man: ‘Huy.’ 469 yəyəhub k’ʷuyəʔ yəyəhub tell.story

k’ʷuyəʔ mom

AS: ‘Tell it, Mom.’

92

Star Child

The first side of the first reel of tape runs out and the next side begins with something indistinct spoken by Al Sampson before the story continues. 470 diˑɬ kʷi sugʷtəb tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys diɬ

kʷi

s=ʔugʷ–t–b

FOC

REM

NM=advise–ICS–PASS

tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ Diaper.Child PR PROX:FEM

PROX

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

SSP: ‘Diaper Child’s mother advises him this way.’ 471 ʔuˑ luƛ’əxʷ kʷədaʔ kʷ(i) adsəxʷstudəq ʔu INTJ

luƛ’=axʷ old=now

kʷədaʔ kʷi PTCL

ad=səxʷ–studəq 2SG.PO=INSTR–slave

REM

‘ “Oh, I guess your dear relative must be older now.’ 472 ʔaləxʷ ʔu tiʔəʔ səxʷstudəq kʷi č’ač’as uʔxʷ ʔal=axʷ ʔu tiʔəʔ at=now INT PROX

səxʷ=studəq

kʷi

INSTR–slave

REM

č’ač’as child

uʔxʷ PTCL

‘ “Surely he is no longer a child?’ 473 luƛ’əxʷ xʷuʔələʔ stubš luƛ’=axʷ xʷuʔələʔ stubš old=now maybe man

‘ “I suppose by now he is a grown man.’ 474 ɬux̌aab čəxʷ ʔə kʷi ʔəscut ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ adəxʷušəƛ’ap ɬu=x̌aab IRR=cry

čəxʷ ʔə kʷi 2SG.SUB PR REM

ʔas–cut STAT–say

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

ʔal at

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

ad=dəxʷ=ʔu–šəƛ’•ap 2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–scorch•bottom

‘ “You will weep with these words while you are burning down (a fir tree).’ 475 həʔə, həʔə, həʔə həʔə həʔə həʔə hey hey hey

‘♪ “ ‘Hey, hey, hey. ♪’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

93

476 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother PR REM two sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream

‘♪ “ ‘It is said my brother was stolen away by two women of the upriver people. ♪’ 477 tux̌ʷəxʷ čəd k’ʷəɬ ti p’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsi k’ʷuyəʔ tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now

čəd k’ʷəɬ 1SG.SUB QTV

ti SPEC

p’ic’ikʷ ʔə Diaper.Child PR

tsi SPEC:FEM

k’ʷuyəʔ mother

‘♪ “ ‘I am only the Diaper Child of my mother. ♪’ 478 ʔəshuyutəb čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qaˑs ʔas–huyu–t–b čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qas STAT–made–ICS–PASS 1SG.SUB slave PR SPEC raven

‘♪ “ ‘Raven has made me a slave.’ ” ♪’ 479 ƛ’udəxʷšaˑc’əpadup tiʔəʔ č’ač’as, ƛ’u=dəxʷ=šac’əpadup tiʔəʔ HAB=ADNM=sound.forlorn PROX

č’ač’as child

‘Thus the child sounded forlorn.’ 480 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 481 həʔə, həʔə, həʔə həʔə həʔə həʔə hey hey hey

SSP: ‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey. ♪’ 482 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother

ʔə kʷi PR REM

saliʔ two

94

Star Child

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream

‘♪ “It is said that my brother was stolen by two women of the upriver people. ♪’ 483 tux̌ʷəxʷ čəd k’ʷəɬ ti p’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsi k’ʷuyəʔ tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now

čəd k’ʷəɬ 1SG.SUB QTV

ti SPEC

p’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

ʔə tsi PR SPEC:FEM

k’ʷuyəʔ mother

‘♪ “I’m the Diaper Child of my mother. ♪’ 484 ʔəshuyutəb čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qas ʔas–huyu–t–b čəd studəq ʔə STAT–made–ICS–PASS 1SG.SUB slave PR

ti SPEC

qaw’qas Raven

SSP: ‘♪ “I’ve been made a slave by Raven.” ♪’ 485 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 486 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔa be.there

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

SSP: ‘There is this one.’ 487 tuq’ʷəx̌ʷəd tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd tu=q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t PAST=butcher–ICS

tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd elk

PROX

‘He had butchered the elk.’ 488 gʷəl tuk’iɬid gʷəl

tu=k’iɬi–t

SCONJ

PAST=hang–ICS

‘And he hung it up.’ 489 huy, tudəgʷašəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiɬičids huy SCONJ

tu=dəkʷa–š=axʷ tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ ʔal tiʔəʔ PAST=inside.something.small–ICS=now PROX tallow at PROX

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

95

ʔiɬ–ʔičid–s PRTV–quiver–3PO

‘Then he packed the tallow in his quiver.’ 490 gʷəl k’ʷit’ gʷəl SCONJ

k’ʷit’ shoreward

‘And he goes shoreward.’ 491 ʔa k’ʷil ʔa

k’ʷil peek

INTJ

‘Oh, he peers.’ 492 ləcuƛ’əladiʔ ʔal tiʔiɬ ləcuqʷiqʷəšəb ləcu–ƛ’əladiʔ CONT–make.noise

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ

ləcu–qʷi–qʷəšəb

DIST

CONT–ATTN–smoke

‘Someone is making noise where that little smoke is rising.’ 493 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəʔ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ PROX go

‘He goes’ 494 ʔuč’ədᶻəd ʔu–č’ədᶻ–t PFV–sneak.up–ICS

‘He sneaks up on him.’ 495 gʷəl ləkiis diʔalap ʔə tiʔəʔ [s]ləcušəƛ’ap[s] haw’əʔ gʷəl

lə=kiis

SCONJ

PROG=stand

diʔ•alap other.side•leg

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

s=ləcu–šəƛ’•ap=s NM=CONT–scorch•bottom=3PO

haw’əʔ PTCL

‘He stands on the other side of the tree that is being felled.’

96

Star Child

496 x̌ʷul’ čəd ɬasləqəd x̌ʷul’ čəd just 1SG.SUB

ɬu=ʔas–ləq–t IRR=STAT–listen–ICS

‘ “I’ll just listen to him.’’ 497 həʔə, həʔə, həʔə həʔə hey

həʔə həʔə hey hey

‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey. ♪’ 498 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa ʔə kʷi PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother PR REM sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

saliʔ two

tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream

‘♪ “It is said that my brother was stolen by two women of the upriver people. ♪’ 499 tux̌ʷ čəd k’ʷəɬ ti p’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsi k’ʷuyəʔ tux̌ʷ just

čəd k’ʷəɬ 1SG.SUB QTV

ti SPEC

p’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

ʔə PR

tsi SPEC:FEM

‘♪ “I’m the Diaper Child of my mother. ♪’ 500 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 501 ʔəshuyutəb čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qas ʔas–huyu–t–b STAT–made–ICS–PASS

čəd 1SG.SUB

studəq slave

ʔə ti PR SPEC

SSP: ‘♪ “I’ve been made a slave by Raven.” ♪’ 502 q’aq’aˑx̌acut tiʔəʔ q’a–q’ax̌a–t–sut ATTN–uncover–ICS–REFL

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘(The older brother) shows himself a little.’

qaw’qas Raven

k’ʷuyəʔ mother

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

97

503 ʔəxʷbutusəb tiʔəʔ č’ač’as ʔas–dxʷ–butusəb tiʔəʔ STAT–CTD–hold.face.with.hands PROX

č’ač’as child

‘The boy has his face covered with his hands.’ 504 ʔəsʔistahəb ʔə ti [s]əsbutusəb[s] ʔə tə sux̌aabs ʔas–ʔistaʔ–b STAT–be.like–PASS

ʔə ti PR SPEC

s=ʔas–butusəb=s NM=STAT–hold.face.with.hands=3PO

s=ʔu–x̌aab=s NM=PFV–cry=3PO

‘He is like this as he cries.’ 505 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 506 gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷitəb, gʷəl

lə=wiliq’ʷi–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=ask–ICS–PASS

SSP: ‘And he is asked,’ 507 ləcuʔidigʷat čəxʷ ləcuʔidigʷat ləcu–ʔidigʷat čəxʷ CONT–say.what 2SG.SUB

‘ “What are you saying?” ’ 508 ləcux̌aab čəd ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m crying.’ 509 dxʷtugʷus dxʷ–tugʷ•us CTD–immerse•face

‘ “I’m drowning my face.’

ləcu–ʔidigʷat CONT–say.what

ʔə PR

tə NSPEC

98

Star Child

510 ləcux̌aab čəd ləcux̌aab ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry

čəd 1SG.SUB

ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry

‘ “I’m crying, crying.” ’ 511 xʷiˑʔ gʷəšudxʷs tiʔəʔ c’əc’xʷaq’s xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s

tiʔəʔ

NEG

SBJ=NM=see–DC=3PO

PROX

c’əc’xʷaq’s shining.being

‘He can’t see this shining being.’ 512 ləcux̌aab čəd ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m crying.’ 513 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tusqadaʔ[s] tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother PR REM two sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

tul’–q’ixʷ

tu=s=qadaʔ=s

CNTRFG–upstream

PAST=NM=steal=3PO

‘ “It is said that my brother was stolen by two women of the upriver people.’ 514 tuʔəbsʔəladᶻəɬə[d] k’ʷəɬ kʷsi k’ʷuyəʔ ʔə kʷsi tuluƛ’ tu=ʔas–bəs–ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ–d k’ʷəɬ kʷsi k’ʷuyəʔ ʔə kʷsi PAST=STAT–PROP–babysit•child–ICS QTV REM.DMA mother PR REM.DMA tu=luƛ’ PAST=old

“‘My mother had an old woman for a babysitter.’ 515 ʔuˑ, tudukʷtxʷəxʷ kʷsi tuluƛ’ ʔu INTJ

tu=dukʷ–txʷ=axʷ kʷsi PAST=change–ECS=now REM.DMA

‘ “She got mad at the old woman’

tu=luƛ’ PAST=old

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

99

516 gʷəl tudᶻubdᶻubudəxʷ gʷəl

tu=dᶻub–dᶻubu–t=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=DSTR–kick–ICS=now

‘ “And kicked her,’ 517 gʷəl tubəhuyil p’q’ac gʷəl

tu=bə=huyu–il

SCONJ

PAST=ADD=made–INCH

p’q’ac rotten.wood

‘ “And she became a rotten log,’ 518 gʷəl tuʔibəš gʷəl

tu=ʔibəš

SCONJ

PAST=travel

‘ “And (my mother) walked.’ 519 huy, tuɬčisəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ qaw’qs čɬa stətudəqəxʷ ʔə ti qaw’qs huy SCONJ

tu=ɬčil–s–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ qaw’qs PAST=arrive–ALTV–PASS=now PR DIST he raven

čɬa 1PL.COORD

stə–tudəq=axʷ ʔə ti qaw’qs ATTN–slave=now PR SPEC raven

‘ “Then that Raven came to her and now we are slaves of Raven.’ 520 ʔahəxʷ čəɬ q’ixʷ ʔa=axʷ čəɬ be.there=now 1PL.PO

q’ixʷ upstream

‘ “We are there upriver now.’ 521 ʔəshuyutubuɬəxʷ studəq ʔas–huyu–txʷ–buɬ=axʷ STAT–made–ECS–1PL.OBJ=now

studəq slave

‘ “We’ve been made slaves.’ 522 ʔəshuyutub[uɬ] sʔušəbabdxʷ tiʔiɬ qaw’qs ʔas–huyu–txʷ–buɬ sʔušəbabdxʷ STAT–made–ECS–1PL.OBJ poor.guy

tiʔiɬ DIST

qaw’qs raven

‘ “We have been made riff-raff by that Raven.’

100

Star Child

523 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 524 x̌ʷul’əxʷ čəɬ x̌ʷul 9 x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

x̌ʷul be.near

SSP: ‘ “We are just nearby.” ’ 525 saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tiʔiɬ cəxʷʔa saliʔ two

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

tiʔiɬ

PL–woman

DIST

d=dəxʷ=ʔa 1SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

‘ “There are two women where I am.’ 526 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷədsəsaydxʷ tul’čad gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=d=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ

tul’–čad

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC

CNTRFG–where

‘ “And I don’t know where they are from.’ 527 ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ tə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ HAB=fight

tə

xʷiʔ

lə=haʔɬ

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “The good-for-nothings quarrel all the time.’ 528 ck’ʷaqid ʔuyabuk’ʷ bək’ʷ səɬax̌il čəda ƛ’asləqid x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔiɬ ləʔux̌ʷtxʷ čəxʷ ck’ʷaqid ʔu–yabuk’ʷ always PFV–quarrel

bək’ʷ s=lə=ɬax̌–il čəda all NM=PROG=dark–INCH 1SG.COORD

ƛ’u=ʔas–ləq•qid x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔiɬ lə=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ HAB=STAT–listen•voice same.way PR DIST PROG=go–ECS

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “They quarrel every night and I listen to them saying what you are saying now.’

9

The transcription and gloss of the last word in this line are uncertain.

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

101

529 tux̌ʷəxʷ kʷsi dstab[igʷs] kʷi ɬucəxʷčubə, tux̌ʷəxʷ ti dəgʷdəgʷalap ʔi ti dpuʔtəd tux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷsi d–stabigʷs kʷi just=now REM.DMA 1SG.PO–things REM tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now

ti SPEC

ɬu=d=dəxʷ=čubə IRR=1SG.PO=ADNM=go.inland

d–dəgʷdəgʷalap ʔi 1SG.PO–pants CONJ

ti SPEC

d–puʔtəd 1SG.PO–shirt

‘ “It is just my things now that I will have to go and get, my pants and my shirt.’ 530 ɬax̌əxʷ kʷədaʔ čəda ɬuɬaʔ ɬax̌=axʷ dark=now

kʷədaʔ PTCL

čəda 1SG.COORD

ɬu=ɬaʔ IRR=arrive

‘ “I guess it will be night before I arrive there.’ 531 ʔəɬəd tiʔəʔ tə ʔudaw’ ʔəɬəd feed.on

tiʔəʔ

tə

PROX

NSPEC

ʔudaw’ tallow

‘ “Eat this tallow.” ’ 532 yəx̌i hiwisəxʷ tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs yəx̌i because

hiwil–s=axʷ go.ahead–ALTV=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘Because he had approached his younger brother,’ 533 gʷəl dxʷtašusəd tašad gʷəl SCONJ

dxʷ–taš•us–t CTD–stroke•face–ICS

taša–t stroke–ICS

‘And he stroked his face, he stroked him.’ 534 yuˑ ləgʷəb tiʔəʔ sqas (h)aʔɬ yu ləgʷəb good youth

tiʔəʔ PROX

sqa–s haʔɬ older.brother–3PO good

‘His older brother is a good-looking young man.’

102

Star Child

535 ʔəshiiɬ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔas–hiiɬ STAT–happy

tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘This makes Diaper Child happy.’ 536 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 537 ʔuˑ, ɬuq’iləb čəd ʔə tiʔiɬ hud ʔu INTJ

ɬu=q’ili–b čəd ʔə tiʔiɬ hud IRR=aboard–CSMD 1SG.SUB PR DIST firewood

SSP: ‘ “Oh, I’ll load your canoe with wood.’ 538 xʷəƛ’gʷasyicid čəd xʷəƛ’•gʷas–yi–t–sid split•pair–DAT–ICS–2SG.OBJ

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’ll break it up into pieces for you.” ’ 539 kʷədatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷədiʔ sək’ʷəbac kʷəda–t–b taken–ICS–PASS

ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷədiʔ PR PROX REM.DMA

‘He took alder.’ 540 gʷəl č’axʷduptəˑb gʷəl SCONJ

č’axʷa•dup–t–b clubbed•COLL–ICS–PASS

‘And he pounded it’ 541 gʷəl xʷəƛ’gʷas gʷəl SCONJ

xʷəƛ’•gʷas split•pair

‘And he broke it into pieces.’

sək’ʷəbac alder.tree

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

103

542 gʷəl q’iləb[yi]d tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs gʷəl SCONJ

q’ili–b–yi–t aboard–CSMD–DAT–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘And he loaded the canoe for his brother.’ 543 gʷəl ləcut tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl

lə=cut

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PROG=say

PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘And Diaper Child said,’ 544 ʔuˑ, ɬasx̌ʷal’bid čəd kʷədaʔ gʷəɬuq’ʷibidəd ʔu INTJ

ɬu=ʔas=x̌ʷal’–bi–t čəd kʷədaʔ IRR=STAT–lack.control–MAP–ICS 1SG.SUB PTCL gʷə=ɬu=q’ʷibi–t=ad SBJ=IRR=fix–ICS=1SG.SBRD

‘ “Oh, I’ll never be able to unload all of that.” ’ 545 xʷiʔ x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuʔix̌ʷdupəd xʷiʔ NEG

x̌ʷul’ just

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ɬu=ʔix̌ʷi•dup–t IRR=thrown•COLL–ICS

‘ “No, you’ll just throw it all out easily.’ 546 dukʷəɬdat čəda ɬuʔəƛ’ dadatu[t] dukʷəɬdat tomorrow

čəda ɬu=ʔəƛ’ 1SG.COORD IRR=come

dadatut morning

‘ “I’ll come tomorrow morning.’ 547 ʔəƛ’txʷ kʷi hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ dəxʷq’il ʔə kʷi kʷagʷičəd ʔal tiʔəʔ t’aq’t ʔəƛ’–txʷ kʷi hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ dəxʷ=q’ili ʔə kʷi come–ECS REM big shovel.nose.canoe ADNM=load.vehicle PR REM kʷagʷičəd ʔal tiʔəʔ elk at PROX

t’aq’t inland

‘ “Bring a big canoe to put the elk into, it is right up the hill.’

104

Star Child

548 xʷiʔ ləlil xʷiʔ

lə=lil

NEG

NEGP=far

‘ “It is not far.’ 549 tiləb čəɬ ɬutəyil tiləb immediately

čəɬ 1PL.PO

ɬu=təyil IRR=go.upriver

‘ “Right away we will travel upstream.’ 550 tiʔaʔ tə ʔudaw’ ɬadsʔəɬtxʷ kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy tiʔəʔ tə ʔudaw’ ɬu=ad=s=ʔəɬ–txʷ kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy PROX.DMA NSPEC tallow IRR=2SG.PO=NM=eat–ECS REM.DMA 2SG.PO–mother

‘ “Here is some tallow to feed your mother.” ’ 551 ʔuˑ, diɬ sixʷ kʷi ƛ’u[d]sugʷəlaltəb ʔə ti gʷəqaw’qs ɬušudxʷəs kʷi ɬudsup’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] ʔu

diɬ

sixʷ kʷi

ƛ’u=d=s=ʔu–gʷəlal–t–b

INTJ

FOC

PTCL

HAB=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–kill–ICS–PASS

REM

gʷə=qaw’qs ɬu=šuɬ–dxʷ=as SBJ=Raven IRR=see–DC=3SBRD

ʔə ti PR SPEC

kʷi REM

ɬu=d=s=ʔu–p’əc’–p’əc’ IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–defecate

‘ “Oh, I am always beaten by Raven when he examines my feces.” ’ 552 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 553 liləq’aɬucid li–ləq’aɬ•ucid ATTN–be.in.right.place•doorway

SSP: ‘ “Right near the doorway of the house.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

105

554 laʔb liləq’aɬucid ʔə kʷi ʔalʔal kʷ(i) adsp’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] ʔal kʷi səɬax̌il həlaʔb li–ləq’aɬ•ucid ʔə kʷi ʔalʔal kʷi really ATTN–be.in.right.place•doorway PR REM house REM ad=s=p’əc’–p’əc’ ʔal 2SG.PO=NM=DSTR–defecate at

kʷi

s=lə=ɬax̌–il

REM

NM=PROG=dark–INCH

‘ “Near the door of the house is where you will relieve yourself in the evening.’ 555 gʷəl ɬulək’ʷcəb gʷəl

ɬu=lək’ʷ–c–b

SCONJ

IRR=eat–ALTV–PASS

‘ “And he will gulp it down.” ’ 556 cutəb [ʔə] kʷi qaw’qs təɬ ʔəsč’əw’it cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

kʷi REM

qaw’qs raven

təɬ truly

ʔas–č’əw’it STAT–powerful

‘That is said about Raven who is so smart.’ 557 ʔuˑ, təyiˑl tiʔəʔ sp’iˑc’iˑkʷ ʔu INTJ

təyil go.upriver

tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ PROX Diaper.Child

‘Oh, Diaper Child travels upriver.’ 558 gʷəl ləq’il gʷəl

lə=q’ili

SCONJ

PROG=aboard

‘And he arrives (in his canoe).’ 559 gʷəl ʔix̌ʷdupəd tiʔəʔ hud gʷəl SCONJ

ʔix̌ʷi•dup–t tiʔəʔ thrown•COLL–ICS PROX

hud firewood

‘And he throws out all the wood.’ 560 ʔix̌ʷid ʔix̌ʷid ʔix̌ʷi–t thrown–ICS

ʔix̌ʷi–t thrown–ICS

‘He throws it, he throws it.’

106

Star Child

561 laʔməxʷ ləliʔ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ həlaʔm=axʷ really=now

ləliʔ different

ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ

‘ “ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ is really different now.’ 562 laʔməxʷ ləliʔ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ həlaʔm=axʷ really=now

ləliʔ different

ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ

‘ “ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ is really different now.’ 563 laʔməxʷ ləliʔ həlaʔm=axʷ ləliʔ really=now different

‘ “He is really different.’ 564 gʷasʔəx̌ay kʷi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ gʷədəxʷəsləliʔils gʷə=ʔas–ʔəx̌ay SBJ=STAT–what.happened

kʷi

xʷiʔ lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

REM

NEG

gʷə=dəxʷ=ʔas–ləliʔ–il=s SBJ=ADNM=STAT–different–INCH=3PO

‘ “Why should the good-for-nothing look different?’ 565 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 566 diɬ sutalx̌ils cukʷ diɬ

s=ʔu–talx̌–il=s

FOC

NM=PFV–able–INCH=3PO

cukʷ only

SSP: ‘ “Is it just that he is growing big and strong?” ’ 567 ʔaˑ gʷəl čubə tiʔəʔ ʔa

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

čubə go.inland

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘He is there and he goes inland.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

107

568 gʷəl gʷədiličəd tsi sk’ʷuys gʷəl SCONJ

gʷəd–il•ič–t tsi down–INCH•covering–ICS SPEC:FEM

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

‘And he sits on the mat by his mother’ 569 gʷəl ləgʷaagʷatxʷ gʷəl

lə=gʷaa–gʷad–txʷ

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–talk–ECS

‘And he talks to her.’ 570 k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa ti ʔuɬčisəbš ʔaciɬtalbixʷ k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa mother be.there

ti

ʔu–ɬčil–s–bš

SPEC

PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

‘ “Mother, someone has come to me, it was a person.’ 571 xʷiˑʔ gʷədšudxʷ xʷiʔ

gʷə=d=s=šuɬ–dxʷ

NEG

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=see–DC

‘ “I couldn’t see him.’ 572 ʔudxʷtašusc t(i) cəxʷšudxʷ haʔɬ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ, tiʔiɬ cəxʷšudxʷ ʔu–dxʷ–taš•us–t–s PFV–CTD–stroke.lightly•face–ICS–1SG.OBJ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

tiʔiɬ DIST

ti SPEC

d=dəxʷ=šuɬ–dxʷ 1SG.PO=ADNM=see–DC

d=dəxʷ=šuɬ–dxʷ 1SG.PO=ADNM=see–DC

‘ “Then he brushed my face so I could see that he was a nice person.’ 573 tiʔaʔ tə ʔudaw’ tiʔaʔ PROX.DMA

tə NSPEC

ʔudaw’ tallow

‘ “Here is some tallow.’ 574 diɬ xʷuʔələʔ kʷ(i) adbədaʔ diɬ FOC

xʷuʔələʔ kʷi maybe REM

ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “I guess he was your son.’

haʔɬ good

108

Star Child

575 saliʔ k’ʷəɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ kʷədiʔ dəxʷʔas saliʔ two

k’ʷəɬ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

kʷədiʔ

dəxʷ=ʔa=s

QTV

PL–woman

REM.DMA

ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘ “There are two women where he is,’ 576 gʷəl ck’ʷaqid ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ck’ʷaqid always

ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ HAB=fight

‘ “And they are always quarrelling.’ 577 x̌ʷul’ k’ʷəɬ sč’istxʷ kʷi ƛ’usc’kʷati[d] x̌ʷul’ k’ʷəɬ just QTV

sč’istxʷ husband

kʷi

ƛ’u=s=c’kʷa–t–id

REM

HAB=NM=claim.kinship–ICS–PASS.SBRD

‘ “He says he is just called husband.’ 578 xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’ubəsulaʔti[d]s tul’čad xʷiʔ

gʷə=ƛ’u=bə=s=ʔu–laʔ–t–id=s

tul’–čad

NEG

SBJ=HAB=ADD=NM=PFV–point.out–ICS–PASS.SBRD=3PO

CNTRFG–where

‘ “It is not said where they are from,’ 579 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 580 gʷəl ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ k’ʷəɬ kʷi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ gʷəl

ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ k’ʷəɬ

kʷi

xʷiʔ

lə=haʔɬ

SCONJ

HAB=fight

REM

NEG

NEGP=good

QTV

SSP: ‘ “And the no-goods are always quarrelling.’’ 581 gʷəl ɬuʔəƛ’ k’ʷəɬ ʔal kʷi dadatu[t] tiʔiɬ adbədaʔ gʷəl

ɬu=ʔəƛ’

k’ʷəɬ

SCONJ

IRR=come

QTV

ʔal at

kʷi REM

dadatut morning

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘ “And he says he will come in the morning, your son.’

ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

109

582 ɬuqʷictxʷ čəd kʷi ƛ’əlayʔ ʔal kʷi dadatu[t] ɬu=qʷic–txʷ čəd IRR=travel.downstream–ECS 1SG.SUB kʷi REM

kʷi

ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe

REM

ʔal at

dadatut morning

‘ “I’ll bring the canoe downriver in the morning.” ’ 583 ʔu, t(i) adsəxʷstudəq ʔu

ti

INTJ

SPEC

ad–səxʷ–studəq 2SG.PO–INSTR–slave

‘ “Oh, it is your dear one!’ 584 diɬ xʷuʔələʔ, diɬ diɬ FOC

xʷuʔələʔ maybe

diɬ FOC

‘ “It must be him, it is him.” ’ 585 ləmələcugʷa[ad]gʷa[d] ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ləmələcugʷa[ad]gʷa[d] lə=bə=ləcu–gʷaadgʷad PROG=ADD=CONT–talk

ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ

lə=bə=ləcu–gʷaadgʷad PROG=ADD=CONT–talk

‘ “He is talking again, that ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ, he is talking again.” ’ 586 kʷədiʔ šəƛ’aps ti dəxʷudxʷʔəhadəds kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

s=šəƛ’•ap=s

ti

dəxʷ=ʔu–dxʷ–ʔəhad–t=s

NM=scorch•bottom=3PO

SPEC

ADNM=PFV–CTD–talk–ICS=3PO

‘ “What he speaks of is his burning down trees over there.’ 587 ɬuhakʷ dᶻəɬ ɬu=hakʷ IRR=ago

dᶻəɬ PTCL

‘ “It seems it will take a long time.’ 588 gʷəl ɬuləcudᶻaq’aq’ad k’ʷəɬ kʷədiʔ suhuds gʷəl

ɬu=ləcu–dᶻaq’–aq’a–t

k’ʷəɬ

kʷədiʔ

s=ʔu–hud=s

SCONJ

IRR=CONT–DIM.EFF–fall–ICS

QTV

REM.DMA

NM=PFV–burn=3PO

‘ “And it is said the tree will just topple over as it burns there.” ’

110

Star Child

589 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 590 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ siʔab cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

tiʔəʔ siʔab PROX noble

SSP: ‘He is told by this nobleman,’ 591 huydxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ huyu–dxʷ tiʔəʔ made–DC PROX

ʔudaw’ tallow

‘ “Prepare the tallow,’ 592 huydxʷəxʷ huydxʷəxʷ huyu–dxʷ=axʷ prepare–DC=now

huyu–dxʷ=axʷ prepare–DC=now

‘‘Prepare it, prepare it.” ’ 593 ʔaˑ gʷəl ləp’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] kʷi ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ liləq’aɬucid ʔa

gʷəl

lə=p’əc’–p’əc’

kʷi

INTJ

SCONJ

PROG=DSTR–defecate

REM

ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ

li–ləq’aɬ•ucid ATTN–be.in.right.place•doorway

‘Time goes by and ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ goes to relieve himself right near the doorway.’ 594 xʷiwəm tə n’əč n’iɬ p’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] ʔə ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ xʷiwəm ??

tə NSPEC

dəč’uʔ diɬ p’əc’–p’əc’ ʔə another FOC DSTR–defecate PR

ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ

‘ “Look at the feces of ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ.” ’ 595 diʔɬ ɬəqsid, ɬəqsid, ɬəqsid diʔɬ ɬəqsid suddenly gulp.it

ɬəqsid gulp.it

ɬəqsid gulp.it

‘Suddenly he gulps it down, gulps it down, gulps it down!’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

111

596 kʷačil kʷačil day.begins

‘It dawns’ 597 gʷəl qʷic gʷəl SCONJ

qʷic go.downstream

‘And he goes downstream.’ 598 xʷiˑʔ gʷəsʔitut ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔitut

NEG

SBJ=NM=sleep

ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PR Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child doesn’t sleep.’ 599 laʔb xʷiʔ gʷəsʔituts həlaʔb xʷiʔ really NEG

gʷə=s=ʔitut=s SBJ=NM=sleep=3PO

‘He really doesn’t sleep’ 600 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 601 huy, diɬ tiʔiɬ sqas kʷi x̌əčs huy

diɬ

SCONJ

FOC

tiʔiɬ sqa–s kʷi older.brother–3PO REM

DIST

x̌əč–s mind–3PO

SSP: ‘Then, he has his older brother on his mind.’ 602 qʷic tiʔəˑʔəxʷ qʷic go.downstream

tiʔəʔ=axʷ PROX=now

‘He goes downstream now.’

112

Star Child

603 sidsidq’əd tiʔəʔ ƛ’əlayʔ sid–sidq’–t DSTR–turn–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe

‘He turns the canoe back and forth.’ 604 hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ, ƛ’əlayʔ ʔə q’aw’qs hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ big shovel.nose.canoe

ƛ’əlayʔ ʔə canoe PR

q’aw’qs Raven

‘It is a big canoe, this canoe of Raven’s.’ 605 sidsidq’əd sid–sidq’–t DSTR–turn–ICS

‘He turns it back and forth’ 606 gʷəl lələx̌ʷusdub ʔə kʷədiʔ č’ƛ’aʔ gʷəl SCONJ

lə=ləx̌ʷ•us–dxʷ–b

PROG=cover•head–DC–PASS

‘And he puts rocks on top of it.’ 607 ləqʷic lə=qʷic PROG=go.downstream

‘He goes downstream.’ 608 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 609 ʔahəxʷ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

SSP: ‘He is there now.’

ʔə kʷədiʔ PR REM.DMA

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

113

610 gʷəl čaʔkʷ tiʔəʔ sqas gʷəl SCONJ

čaʔkʷ seaward

tiʔəʔ PROX

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

‘His brother reaches shore.’ 611 tiləb ləq’iˑlitub tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd tiləb immediately

lə=q’ili–txʷ–b PROG=aboard–ECS–PASS

tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd elk

PROX

‘Right away the elk is loaded.’ 612 ʔudəgʷiɬ ʔə kʷədiʔ ƛ’əlayʔ ʔudəgʷ•gʷiɬ centre•canoe

ʔə kʷədiʔ PR REM.DMA

ƛ’əlayʔ canoe

‘It is in the middle of the canoe.’ 613 tadiʔ x̌əɬ ti haʔɬ čəbid tadiʔ DIST.DMA

x̌əɬ‿ti haʔɬ seemingly good

čəbid Douglas.fir

‘ “Over there is a rather good fir tree.’ 614 ɬuq’ʷalap čəɬ čɬa ɬuq’ilq’ilid ɬuq’ʷ•alap peel•leg

čəɬ čɬa 1PL.PO 1PL.COORD

ɬu=q’il–q’ili–t IRR=DSTR–aboard–ICS

‘ “We could pry off (its bark) and load it onto the canoe.” ’ 615 ɬuq’ʷalap, ɬuq’ʷaˑlap tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷələq’iləb əlgʷəʔ yəlyalus ɬuq’ʷ•alap ɬuq’ʷ•alap tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷə=lə=q’ili–b əlgʷəʔ yəl–yalus PROX here SBJ=PROG=aboard–MD PL DSTR–end peel•leg peel•leg

‘So they pried off the bark, pried off the bark and loaded it onto the canoe, at either end.’ 616 ʔudəgʷiɬ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd ʔudəgʷ•gʷiɬ tiʔəʔ centre•canoe PROX

kʷagʷičəd elk

‘The elk was in the middle of the canoe.’

114

Star Child

617 gʷəl ləgʷaadil gʷəl

lə=gʷaadil

SCONJ

PROG=many.sit

‘They sat together,’ 618 gʷəl lətatabəb gʷəl

lə=ta–tabəb

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–converse

‘And they talked.’ 619 ʔa ʔu kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔal kʷ(i) adəxʷʔa ʔa ʔu kʷi sɬə–ɬadəyʔ be.there INT REM PL–woman

ʔal kʷi at REM

‘ “Are there any women where you are?’ 620 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 621 ʔa ʔu kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔa be.there

ʔu

kʷi

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

INT

REM

PL–woman

‘ “Are there any women?” ’ 622 qah–a qah–a many–INTNS

‘‘Yes, there are lots.’’ 623 bəbuʔus bə–buʔus ATTN–four

‘ “There are four.’

ad=dəxʷ=ʔa 2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

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624 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 625 ʔa ti ɬixʷixʷ tux̌ʷ p’aƛ’aƛ’ ʔa be.there

ti SPEC

ɬixʷixʷ three:HMN

tux̌ʷ just

p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless

SSP: ‘ “There are three but they are nothing.’ 626 xʷiʔ kʷi stab dəxʷləq’aɬs xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

stab what

dəxʷ=ləq’aɬ=s ADNM=be.in.right.place=3PO

‘ “They don’t measure up in any way.’ 627 gʷəl diič’uʔ tsi ʔal tsiʔiɬ haˑʔɬ sɬadəyʔ gʷəl SCONJ

diič’uʔ tsi ʔal one:HMN SPEC:FEM at

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

haʔɬ good

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘ “And there is one who is a very good woman.’ 628 gʷəyayus dxʷʔal gʷəsuɬax̌ils gʷə=yayus dxʷ–ʔal gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬax̌–il=s SBJ=work CNTRPT–at SBJ=NM=PFV–dark–INCH=3PO

‘ “She works until it becomes night.’ 629 gʷəl ti ɬixʷixʷ gʷəl p’aƛ’aƛ’ gʷəl

ti

SCONJ

SPEC

ɬixʷixʷ three:HMN

gʷəl SCONJ

p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless

‘ “And these three, they are nothing.’ 630 p’aƛ’aƛ’ x̌ʷul’ ƛ’usaxʷsaxʷəb p’aƛ’aƛ’ x̌ʷul’ worthless just

ƛ’u=saxʷ–saxʷ–b HAB=DSTR–run–MD

‘ “They just run around wasting time.’

116

Star Child

631 ʔa tsi k’ʷat’ad ʔa be.there

tsi SPEC:FEM

k’ʷat’ad mouse

‘ “There is Mouse.’ 632 ʔa tsi pul’yəʔ ʔa be.there

tsi

pul’yəʔ mole

SPEC:FEM

‘ “There is Mole.’ 633 ʔa tsi ʔadʔad ʔa be.there

tsi

ʔadʔad magpie

SPEC:FEM

‘ “There is Magpie.’ 634 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 635 xʷiʔ kʷi stab gʷədəxʷləq’aɬs əlgʷəʔ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

stab what

gʷə=dəxʷ=ləq’aɬ=s

əlgʷəʔ

SBJ=ADNM=be.in.right.place=3PO

PL

SSP: ‘ “There isn’t a thing that they are good for.’ 636 cugʷukʷ saxʷsaxʷəb dəxʷʔas əlgʷəʔ cukʷ–ukʷ only–EXC

saxʷ–saxʷəb dəxʷ=ʔa=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

DSTR–run

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘ “The only thing they are good for is running around.’ 637 gʷəl tsi ʔal tsiʔiɬ diič’uʔ gʷəl cugʷəxʷ siʔab sɬadəyʔ gʷəl

tsi

SCONJ

SPEC:FEM

ʔal tsiʔiɬ diič’uʔ gʷəl cugʷ=axʷ siʔab sɬadəyʔ at DIST:FEM one:HMN SCONJ only=now noble woman

‘ “But that one of them, she is an exceptionally noble lady.’

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638 bək’ʷ stab syayus bək’ʷ stab all what

s=yayus=s

NM=work=3PO

‘ “She can do all kinds of work.” ’ 639 xʷuʔələʔ diɬ gʷədčəgʷas xʷuʔələʔ maybe

diɬ

gʷə=d–čəgʷas

FOC

SBJ=1SG.PO–wife

‘ “It would be good to have her for my wife.’ 640 ʔalil gʷat ɬučəbaʔtxʷ ti dsčəbaʔ ʔal–il at–INCH

gʷat who

ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ

ti

IRR=backpack–ECS

SPEC

d–sčəbaʔ 1SG.PO–backpack

‘ “Whoever manages to pack my load.’ 641 diɬ ɬudshuygʷas diɬ

ɬu=d=s=huyu•gʷas

FOC

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made•pair

‘ “She is the one I will marry.” ’ 642 ʔu, ƛ’ub, čutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs ʔu INTJ

ƛ’ub čut–t–b ʔə well say–ICS–PASS PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘ “Oh, that is good,” his younger brother says to him.’ 643 ʔu, ƛ’ub ʔu INT

ƛ’ub well

‘ “That is good.” ’ 644 ʔu, luƛ’iləxʷ ti sp’ic’ikʷ ʔu INTJ

luƛ’–il=axʷ old–INCH=now

ti SPEC

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child has now grown up.’

118

Star Child

645 huy, ʔutašatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sqas huy SCONJ

ʔu–taša–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ PFV–stroke–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

‘Then he is stroked by his older brother.’ 646 təyiˑl əlgʷəʔ təyil go.upriver

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They go upstream.’ 647 təyil ʔal kʷi shuys ʔə kʷi sutatabəbs əlgʷəʔ təyil ʔal kʷi go.upriver at REM

s=huyu=s NM=made=3PO

ʔə PR

kʷi s=ʔu–tatabəb=s

‘They go upriver after they have discussed it.’ 648 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ʔuq’ax̌ad kʷi ʔəsɬaɬlil gʷəl SCONJ

x̌ʷul’ just

ʔu–q’ax̌a–t

kʷi

ʔas–ɬaɬlil

PFV–uncover–ICS

REM

STAT–live

‘And they come into view of those living there,’ 649 gʷəl ʔudəgʷiɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔudəgʷ•gʷiɬ middle•canoe

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘And they are in the middle of the canoe.’ 650 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 651 ʔəxʷqaqadus ʔas–dxʷ–qa–qad•us STAT–CTD–ATTN–back•face

SSP: ‘They face backwards.’

əlgʷəʔ

REM NM=PFV–confer=3PO PL

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

119

652 ʔəxʷqaqadus ʔas–dxʷ–qa–qad•us STAT–CTD–ATTN–back•face

‘They face backwards.’ 653 tiˑləb ʔušudub ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tiləb ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ–b immediately PFV–see–DC–PASS

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘Raven recognizes him right away.’ 654 həmʔ, həmʔ, ʔəsɬaʔɬəwamixʷ, ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ həmʔ hmm

həmʔ hmm

ʔas–ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ STAT–ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ

‘ “Hmm, it is ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ, ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ.’ 655 hikʷiləxʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ hikʷ–il=axʷ big–INCH=now

ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ

‘ “ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ has become big.” ’ 656 ƛ’al’ čəd ʔugʷəstudəq ʔə tə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ƛ’al’ also

čəd 1SG.SUB

ʔu–gʷə=s=studəq ʔə tə xʷiʔ PR NSPEC NEG

PFV–SBJ=NM=slave

‘ “How could I be a slave for that good-for-nothing?” ’ 657 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 658 ɬuhaydxʷ ʔə til’x̌iʔ ɬu=hay–dxʷ IRR=know–DC

ʔə til’x̌iʔ PR later

SSP: ‘ “He’ll find out (how wrong he is) later.” ’

lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

120

Star Child

659 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘It is spoken by him,’ 660 x̌ʷul’ab čəd dᶻəɬ ʔu ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔəshuyud studəq x̌ʷul’ab čəd dᶻəɬ ʔu same.way 1SG.SUB PTCL INT

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ ʔas–huyu–t studəq STAT–made–ICS slave

DIST

‘ “Does he think I’m like the one he has made a slave?” ’ 661 ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl ləɬalil ʔuˑx̌ʷ gʷəl lə=ɬalil go SCONJ PROG=go.ashore

‘They go and they come ashore.’ 662 ɬalil gʷəl čəʔčubə ɬalil gʷəl čəʔ–čubə go.ashore SCONJ ATTN–go.inland

‘They come ashore and they go inland.’ 663 kʷədad tiʔəʔ ʔiɬʔičids kʷəda–t taken–ICS

tiʔəʔ

ʔiɬ–ʔičid–s

PROX

PRTV–quiver–3PO

‘They take their quivers.’ 664 gʷəl ləčubə həlgʷəʔ gʷəl

lə=čubə

həlgʷəʔ

SCONJ

PROG=go.inland

PL

‘And they go inland.’ 665 gʷədiličəd tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys gʷəd–il•ič–t tsiʔəʔ down–INCH•cover–ICS PROX:FEM

‘(Diaper Child) sits by his mother’

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

121

666 gʷəl dxʷtašusəd gʷəl

dxʷ–taš•us–t

SCONJ

CTD–stroke•face–ICS

‘And he strokes her face.’ 667 tašad tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys taša–t stroke–ICS

tsiʔəʔ

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

PROX:FEM

‘He strokes his mother,’ 668 tašad taša–t stroke–ICS

‘He strokes her.’ 669 tiləb tugʷəcut tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tiləb suddenly

tu=gʷə=cut

tiʔəʔ

PAST=SBJ=say

PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘Suddenly Raven would have said ...’ 670 yəx̌i cut, cut tiʔəʔ qaw’qs yəx̌i because

cut say

cut say

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘Because he says, Raven says ...’ 671 xʷulʔələʔ diɬ cut tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ cut say

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘Maybe it was the woman who says,’ 672 xʷuʔələʔ diɬ ti səxʷstudəqs sqas kʷədiʔ tučaʔkʷs ʔal ti dukʷəɬdat xʷuʔələʔ diɬ ti səxʷ–studəq–s sqa–s kʷədiʔ maybe FOC SPEC INSTR–slave–3PO older.brother–3PO REM.DMA tu=čaʔkʷ=s PAST=seaward=3PO

ʔal ti at SPEC

dukʷəɬdat tomorrow

‘ “Maybe it was his dear older brother who came down to him yesterday.” ’

122

Star Child

673 n’iɬ ʔu kʷ(i) an’mən’aʔ n’iɬ

ʔu

kʷi

FOC

INT

REM

ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “Is it your son?’ 674 n’iɬ kʷ(i) an’mən’aʔ dɬ

kʷi

FOC

REM

ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “It’s your son!’ 675 n’iɬ, n’iɬ diɬ

diɬ

FOC

FOC

‘ “It is! It is!” ’ 676 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 677 ʔaˑ gʷəl ɬčil tiʔəʔ ʔa

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

ɬčil arrive

tiʔəʔ PROX

SSP: ‘And he arrives there.’ 678 q’ilad q’ilad items.loaded

‘The items are loaded (on the canoe).’ 679 huˑy, q’aq’aladəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bədaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

q’a–q’ala–t=axʷ ATTN–fool–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘Then (Raven) fools her son.’

diʔəʔ bədaʔ ʔə here offspring PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

123

680 q’aq’aladəxʷ q’a–q’ala–t=axʷ ATTN–fool–ICS=now

‘He fools him.’ 681 šudxʷ tiʔiɬ sq’ʷibs šuɬ–dxʷ tiʔiɬ s=q’ʷib=s see–DC DIST NM=disembark=3PO

‘He sees them get out of the canoe.’ 682 ɬidgʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ ɬid•gʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ tie•canoe PL

‘They moor it.’ 683 gʷəl ləcut, gʷəl

lə=cut

SCONJ

PROG=say

‘And (Raven) says,’ 684 tiʔiɬ ʔəmsɬagʷin’ ts(i) n’sk’ʷuy tiʔiɬ

ʔas–bəs–sɬagʷid

tsi

DIST

STAT–PROP–sleeping.mat

SPEC:FEM

ad–sk’ʷuy 2SG.PO–mother

‘ “Your mother is the one who has a sleeping mat,’ 685 ʔəmsɬagʷin’ ʔas–bəs–sɬagʷid STAT–PROP–sleeping.mat

‘ “She has a sleeping mat.’ 686 ʔəmsɬagʷin’ ts(i) n’sk’ʷuy ʔas–bəs–sɬagʷid tsi STAT–PROP–sleeping.mat SPEC:FEM

ad–sk’ʷuy 2SG.PO–mother

‘ “Your mother is the one who has a sleeping mat.” ’

124

Star Child

687 gʷəl ləcutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys, gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuy–s PR PROX:FEM mother–3PO

‘And it is said by his mother,’ 688 q’alal’q’alacid, dbədaʔ q’al–al–q’ala–t–sid d–bədaʔ DSTR–ATTN–fool–ICS–2SG.OBJ 1SG.PO–offspring

‘ “He is fooling you.’ 689 ʔuq’aq’alacid ti xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu–q’a–q’ala–t–sid PFV–ATTN–fool–ICS–2SG.OBJ

ti

xʷiʔ

lə=haʔɬ

SPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “The good-for-nothing is fooling you.’ 690 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 691 ləšədᶻal gʷəl ləʔəxʷp’əc’ədidusc lə=šədᶻal gʷəl PROG=go.outside SCONJ

lə=ʔas–dxʷ–p’əc’ə–di–t•us–t–s PROG=STAT–CTD–defecate–SS–ICS•face–ICS–1SG.OBJ

SSP: ‘ “He goes outside and he relieves himself on my face.’ 692 ləšədᶻal gʷəl ləʔəxʷp’əc’ədidusc lə=šədᶻal gʷəl PROG=go.outside SCONJ

lə=ʔas–dxʷ–p’əc’ə–di–t•us–t–s PROG=STAT–CTD–defecate–SS–ICS•face–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “He goes outside and he relieves himself on my face.” ’ 693 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

125

694 ʔəˑɬəd tsiʔəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ sʔabyiti[d] ʔə tiʔəʔ bədaʔs ʔəɬəd tsiʔəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ s=ʔab–yi–t–b ʔə tiʔəʔ feed.on PROX:FEM PR PROX tallow NM=reach–DAT–ICS–PASS PR PROX bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

SSP: ‘She eats the tallow given to her by her son.’ 695 ʔəɬəd, k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔəɬəd ʔəɬəd feed.on

k’ʷuyəʔ mother

ʔəɬəd feed.on

‘ “Eat, mother, eat.” ’ 696 ʔaˑ ʔutatabəb tiʔaˑʔ ʔa be.there

ʔu–tatabəb

tiʔaʔ

PFV=confer

PROX.DMA

‘There they confer.’ 697 ʔutatabəb ʔu–tatabəb PFV–confer

‘They confer.’ 698 ʔutatabəb tiʔiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔu–tatabəb PFV–confer

tiʔ–iʔəʔ

diʔəʔ here

PL–PROX

‘Those guys confer.’ 699 gʷəl ləcuuc tiʔəʔ gʷəl

lə=cut–c

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PROG=say–ALTV

PROX

‘And (the older brother) says to (Diaper Child),’ 700 cuuc tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cut–c tiʔəʔ say–ALTV PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘He says to this one,’

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Star Child

701 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 702 cuuc tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c tiʔəʔ say–ALTV PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

SSP: ‘He says to his younger brother,’ 703 ʔuyəcəbtxʷ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔu–yəc–b–txʷ PFV–tell–MD–ECS

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘ “Let Raven hear (my plan).’ 704 ʔəsp’alil ʔas–p’alil STAT–revive

‘ “He will come to his senses.’ 705 ʔu, ɬuwiʔad ʔu

ɬu=wiʔa–t IRR=holler–ICS

INTJ

‘ “Oh, he will holler it.” ’ 706 ʔu, ʔabil’əxʷ gʷat ɬučəbaʔtxʷ tiʔiɬə čəbaʔ ʔə ti dsqa ʔu

ʔabil’=axʷ perhaps=now

INTJ

gʷat who

ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ IRR=backpack–ECS

tiʔiɬə čəbaʔ ʔə backpack PR

DIST

ti SPEC

d–sqa 1SG.PO–older.brother

‘ “Oh, perhaps there is one who can carry my older brother’s backpack.’’ 707 gʷəl ɬu[s]čəgʷasils, ɬushuygʷas gʷəl

ɬu=s=čəgʷas–il=s

ɬu=s=huyu•gʷas=s

SCONJ

IRR=NM=wife–INCH=3PO

IRR=NM=made•pair=3PO

‘ “And she will become his wife, it is she that he will marry.” ’

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708 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 709 tiˑləb sixʷ ʔuwiʔad kʷi qaw’qs tiləb sixʷ immediately PTCL

ʔu–wiʔa–t kʷi PFV–holler–ICS REM

qaw’qs raven

SSP: ‘Raven immediately hollers,’ 710 qʷiˑn’icut ɬi, sɬən’ayʔ qʷibi–t–sut ɬi sɬədayʔ prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP woman

‘ “Prepare yourselves, women!’ 711 qʷin’icut ɬi qʷibi–t–sut ɬi prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP

‘ “Prepare yourselves!’ 712 mək’ʷ gʷat ɬučəmaʔtxʷ tiʔiɬə sčəmaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ dsčəɬmən’aʔəb gʷəl ɬu[s]čəgʷasils bək’ʷ gʷat ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ all who IRR=backpack–ECS gʷəl SCONJ

tiʔiɬə sčəbaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ d–sčəɬbədaʔəb backpack PR DIST 1SG.PO–stepchild

DIST

ɬu=s=čəgʷas–il=s IRR=NP=wife–INCH=3PO

‘ “Whoever can carry the pack of my stepson, she will become his wife.’ 713 qʷimicut ɬi qʷibi–t–sut ɬi prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP

‘ “Prepare yourselves!’ 714 qʷimicut ɬi qʷibi–t–sut ɬi prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP

‘ “Prepare yourselves!’

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Star Child

715 t’əmt’əmšən’iʔəm ɬi t’əb–t’əbš•adiʔ–t ɬi DSTR–braid•ear–ICS 2PL.IMP

‘ “Braid your hair!” ’ 716 yayusəxʷ yayus=axʷ work=now

‘They work now.’ 717 t’əbt’əbšaydid tiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ t’əb–t’əbš•ay•diʔ–t tiʔiɬ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ DSTR–braid•CNN•ear–ICS DIST PL–woman

‘The women braid their hair.’ 718 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 719 ʔux̌ʷ tsi k’ʷat’ad ʔux̌ʷ tsi go SPEC:FEM

k’ʷat’ad mouse

SSP: ‘Mouse goes.’ 720 gʷəl buyucuˑt gʷəl SCONJ

buyus–t–sut primp–ICS–REFL

‘And she dolls herself up.’ 721 pul’yəʔ pul’yəʔ mole

‘(So does) Mole.’

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722 tsiʔiɬə ʔadʔad tsiʔiɬə ʔadʔad DIST:FEM magpie

‘(So does) Magpie.’ 723 qʷibid sɬadəyʔ kʷsi ʔadʔad, ʔuˑ qʷibi–d prepared–ICS

sɬadəyʔ kʷsi woman REM.DMA

ʔadʔad magpie

ʔuˑ INTJ

‘Magpie fixes herself up like a woman, oh.’ 724 huyəxʷ huyu=axʷ made=now

‘They finish now.’ 725 gʷəl ƛ’ucutəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ gʷəl

ƛ’u=cut=axʷ

tiʔ–iʔəʔ

SCONJ

HAB=say=now

PL–PROX

‘And they say,’ 726 tiləb diɬ tsi k’ʷat’ad kʷ(i ʔ)uʔux̌ʷ tiləb diɬ immediately FOC

tsi SPEC:FEM

k’ʷat’ad kʷi mouse REM

ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go

‘ “Let the one to go first be Mouse.” ’ 727 kʷədatəb ʔə ts(i) k’ʷat’ad tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd kʷəda–t–b ʔə taken–ICS–PASS PR

tsi SPEC:FEM

k’ʷat’ad tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd mouse PROX elk

‘The elk was taken by Mouse.’ 728 gʷəl x̌əɬ tučəbaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ

x̌əɬ tu=čəbaʔ–d seemingly PAST=backpack–ICS

‘And she tried to pack it.’

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Star Child

729 xʷiʔ xʷiʔ NEG

‘No!’ 730 x̌ʷul’ ʔugʷəcikʷəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu–gʷə=cikʷ–t just PFV–SBJ=taut–ICS

‘She just jerks on it.’ 731 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 732 x̌ʷul’ ʔugʷəcikʷəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu–gʷə=cikʷ–t just PFV–SBJ=taut–ICS

SSP: ‘She just jerks on it.’ 733 huˑy sixʷ ʔux̌ʷəxʷ kʷsi pul’yəʔ huy SCONJ

sixʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷsi PTCL go=now REM.DMA

‘Then Mole goes.’ 734 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘She goes.’ 735 ʔuˑ ʔu INTJ

‘Oh!’

pul’yəʔ mole

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736 x̌ʷul’ ʔugʷəcikʷəd tiʔiɬ sčəbaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ x̌ʷul’ ʔu–gʷə=cikʷ–t just PFV–SBJ=taut–ICS

tiʔiɬ

s=čəbaʔ

DIST

NM=backpack

ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST

‘She just jerks on this pack of his.’ 737 x̌ʷiʔ gʷəsčəbaʔtəgʷiʔ[s] x̌ʷiʔ

gʷə=s=čəbaʔ–t–agʷiʔ=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=backpack–ICS–TOBJ=3PO

‘She isn’t able to carry it.’ 738 huˑy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ kʷsi ʔadʔad huy

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷsi go=now REM.DMA

SCONJ

ʔadʔad magpie

‘Then Magpie goes.’ 739 ləx̌aʔx̌ayəbcut lə=x̌aʔ–x̌ayəb–t–sut PROG=ATTN–laugh–ICS–REFL

‘She is laughing’ 740 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 741 SSP: mmm 742 huy hiq’ʷabyitəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

hiq’ʷab–yi–t–b=axʷ desire–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘Then she is desired by him.’ 743 ʔu, diɬəxʷ ʔiɬaʔɬ sɬadəyʔ [tsiʔəʔ diɬ] ʔu INTJ

diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

ʔiɬ–haʔɬ PRTV–good

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘ “Oh, she is the best woman, that one.” ’

tsiʔəʔ

diɬ

PROX:FEM

FOC

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744 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 745 ʔup’aƛ’aƛ’ ʔu–p’aƛ’aƛ’ PFV–worthless

SSP: ‘ “She is worthless.’ 746 ʔa tsi haʔɬ sɬadəyʔ ʔa tsi haʔɬ be.there SPEC:FEM good

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘ “There is a better woman.’ 747 day’ ɬuʔəƛ’ ʔə til’x̌i day’ ɬu=ʔəƛ’ ʔə til’x̌i only IRR=come PR later.on

‘ “She will certainly come later.’ 748 day’ čəxʷ ɬušudxʷ day’ čəxʷ ɬu=šuɬ–dxʷ only 2SG.SUB IRR=see–DC

‘ “You’ll certainly see her.” ’ 749 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 750 ʔaˑ tsiʔəʔ ʔadʔad ʔa be.there

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔadʔad magpie

SSP: ‘There is Magpie’

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751 x̌ʷuˑl’ ʔucikʷcikʷcut tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu–cikʷ–cikʷ–t–sut just PFV–DSTR–taut–ICS–REFL

tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd elk

PROX

‘The elk is just jerking back and forth.’ 752 gʷəl kʷaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ

kʷaʔ–t released–ICS

‘And she lets it go.’ 753 huy gʷəl x̌əx̌əp’k’ʷəd huy

gʷəl

x̌ə–x̌əp’k’ʷ–d

SCONJ

SCONJ

ATTN–gnawed–ICS

‘And then (Mouse) is nibbling at it.’ 754 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 755 ʔa tsi k’ʷat’ad dᶻəldᶻəlyalus ʔa tsi be.there SPEC:FEM

k’ʷat’ad mouse

dᶻəl–dᶻəl•yalus DSTR–turn.over•end

SSP: ‘Mouse is there going from end to end’ 756 ləcuč’it’č’it’id tiʔəʔ stə kʷagičəd ləcu–č’it’–č’it’i–t tiʔəʔ stə CONT–DSTR–chewed–ICS PROX INTJ

‘She is gnawing at the, uh, elk.’ 757 č’it’apəd č’it’•ap–t chewed•bottom–ICS

‘She gnaws at its rump.’

kʷagičəd elk

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758 ʔaˑ, huˑy, xʷdigʷitəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ waw’lis [ʔə] tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys ʔa huy xʷ–digʷi–t–b=axʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ be.there SCONJ CTD–advise–ICS–PASS=now PROX:FEM here tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

wa–w’lis ATTN–frog

ʔə PR

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

‘She is there, (and) then Little Frog is advised by her mother.’ 759 tix̌ix̌dubut tix̌–ix̌–dxʷ–but spread–INTNS–DC–REFL

‘ “Take care!’ 760 dxʷlaq kʷi ɬadsgʷəgʷadad dxʷ–laq kʷi ɬu=ad=s=gʷə–gʷad–ad CTD–last REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=ATTN–DIM.EFF–speak

‘ “You’ll speak last.’ 761 ɬucut čəxʷ ɬu=cut čəxʷ IRR=say 2SG.SUB

‘ “You’ll say,’ 762 ʔaləxʷ ʔu ʔəca kʷi gʷučəbaʔdxʷ kʷi sčəbaʔ ʔə kʷi siʔab ʔal=axʷ ʔu ʔəca kʷi gʷə=ʔu–čəbaʔ–dxʷ kʷi s=čəbaʔ ʔə at=now INT I REM SBJ=PFV–backpack–DC REM NM=backpack PR kʷi REM

siʔab noble

‘ “ ‘Would it be me who would be packing the pack of such a high-class person?’ ’ 763 x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬadsbəq’əd kʷədiʔ ɬadsuʔabyitəb ɬaskʷədayač[iʔ]yidəxʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ diɬ x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬu=ad=s=bəq’–t kʷədiʔ taboo REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=put.in.mouth–ICS REM.DMA ɬu=ad=s=ʔu–ʔab–yi–t–b IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–reach–DAT–ICS–PASS

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ɬu=ʔas–kʷəd•ay•ačiʔ–yi–t=axʷ IRR=STAT–take•CNN•hand–DAT–ICS=now

ʔə PR

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

diɬ FOC

‘ “It is forbidden for you to eat what you’ll be given to hand out to guests.’ 764 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 765

x̌aʔx̌aʔ x̌aʔx̌aʔ taboo

SSP: ‘ “It is forbidden.’ 766 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuləqʷatad x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬu=lə=qʷata–t just 2SG.SUB IRR=PROG=fall–ICS

‘ “You will just lay it down.’ 767 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuləqʷatad x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ just 2SG.SUB

ɬu=lə=qʷata–t IRR=PROG=fall–ICS

‘ “You will just lay it down.’ 768 ɬugʷəɬ tiʔiɬ ʔəsgʷədil, sgʷihgʷihidəq ʔə tiʔiɬ qaw’qs ɬu=gʷəɬ IRR=ASSC

tiʔiɬ

ʔas–gʷəd–il

s=gʷihgʷihidəq

DIST

STAT–down–INCH

NM=invite.many

ʔə tiʔiɬ qaw’qs PR DIST raven

‘ “It will belong to those guests that are seated, those invited by Raven.” ’ 769 hay ʔa kʷədiʔ ləcučəɬ x̌ək’ʷəd hay SCONJ

ʔa kʷədiʔ be.there REM.DMA

ləcu–čəɬ CONT–make

x̌ək’ʷəd roasting.sticks

‘So there are those preparing roasting sticks there.’ 770 čagʷəxʷ, ʔəsq’iləxʷ tadiʔ kʷagʷičəd čaʔkʷ=axʷ ʔas–q’ili=axʷ seaward=now STAT–aboard=now

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

kʷagʷičəd elk

‘That elk is still on board the canoe by the water.’

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Star Child

771 ləcuhilibəɬ ʔə kʷi x̌ək’ʷəd ləcu–hili–b–aɬ CONT–tell–CSMD–INCRP

ʔə PR

kʷi

x̌ək’ʷəd roasting.sticks

REM

‘People are being told to make themselves roasting sticks.’ 772 ʔa, diɬ ɬasq’aq’ax̌ad tsi waw’lis ʔə taˑbabac ʔa

diɬ

ɬu=ʔas=q’a–q’ax̌a–t

tsi

wa–w’lis

INTJ

FOC

IRR=STAT–ATTN–uncover–ICS

SPEC:FEM

ATTN–frog

‘Oh, now Little Frog shows herself a little, very slowly.’ 773 šuuc tsi ʔəƛ’axʷ šuɬ–c see–ALTV

tsi SPEC:FEM

ʔəƛ’a=axʷ come.to=now

‘ “Look at that one coming!” ’ 774 ʔuˑ, diɬ tsi ɬučəgʷas ʔu

diɬ

tsi

ɬu=čəgʷas

INTJ

FOC

SPEC:FEM

IRR=wife

‘ “Oh, she is the one who will be the wife.” ’ 775 x̌ʷiqʷubus tsiʔəʔ waw’lis x̌ʷiqʷubus fair

tsiʔəʔ

wa–w’lis

PROX:FEM

ATTN–frog

‘She is fair, this little Green Frog,’ 776 haacalqid qʷatdup tiʔiɬ sq’ədᶻuʔs haac•al•qid qʷata•dup tiʔiɬ long•CNN•head fall•COLL DIST

‘Her long hair falls freely.’ 777 haʔɬubš sɬadəyʔ haʔɬubš sɬadəyʔ good.looking woman

‘She is good-looking.’

sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO

ʔə tababac PR slow

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778 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 779 ʔuˑx̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

SSP: ‘She goes.’ 780 gʷəl ləʔalil tiʔəʔ dəxʷləq’aɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔəsgʷədil gʷəl

lə=ʔal–il

SCONJ

PROG=at–INCH

tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ləq’aɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ ADNM=be.in.right.place PR PROX

PROX

ʔas–gʷəd–il STAT–down–INCH

‘And she comes to the place where they are seated.’ 781 gʷəl ləgʷəgʷadad tsiʔəʔ waw’lis ʔə tababac gʷəl

lə=gʷə–gʷad–ad

tsiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–DIM.EFF–speak

PROX:FEM

wa–w’lis ʔə PR

ATTN–frog

tababac slow

‘Little Green Frog speaks.’ 782 ʔaləxʷ ʔu ʔəca saʔ kʷi gʷučəbaʔdxʷ kʷi sč’əbaʔ ʔə kʷi siʔab ʔal=axʷ ʔu at=now INT ʔə PR

kʷi REM

ʔəca I

saʔ bad

kʷi

gʷə=ʔu–čəbaʔ–dxʷ

kʷi s=č’əbaʔ

REM

SBJ=PFV–backpack–DC

REM NM=backpack

siʔab noble

‘ “Would it be unworthy for me to carry the pack of a high-class person?” ’ 783 həbuʔ huʔ həbuʔ haboo

huʔ INTJ

UW: ‘Haboo.’

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784 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

SSP: ‘She goes.’ 785 k’ʷit’ tsiʔəʔ k’ʷit’ shoreward

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘She goes to the water’s edge.’ 786 x̌ʷul’ ʔu dxʷiʔxʷəbwičəbyitəb ʔə kʷsi wəlis kʷədiʔ kʷagʷičəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu dxʷ–xʷiʔ–xʷəb•wič–b–yi–t–b ʔə kʷsi just INT CTD–ATTN–throw•back.of.body–MD–DAT–ICS–PASS PR REM.DMA wəlis frog

kʷədiʔ

kʷagʷičəd elk

REM.DMA

‘Little Green Frog just tosses the elk over her back.’ 787 gʷəl gʷəbələčubəstxʷ gʷəl

gʷə=bə=lə=čubəs–txʷ

SCONJ

SBJ=ADD=PROG=go.inland–ECS

‘And she carries it inland.’ 788 ʔux̌ʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ cilačid ʔəshədʔiw’, ʔudəgʷabac ʔə kʷədiʔ ʔalʔal ʔə qaw’qs ʔux̌ʷ go ʔə PR

ʔə PR

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

cili•ačiʔ–t supported•hand–ICS

ʔalʔal house

ʔas–hədʔiw’ STAT–indoors

ʔudəgʷ•abac centre•body

ʔə qaw’qs PR raven

‘She takes it to the receptacle in the middle of Raven’s house.’ 789 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

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790 ʔaˑ, gʷəl ləgʷiid tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys ʔa

gʷəl

lə=gʷihi–t

tsiʔəʔ

INTJ

SCONJ

PROG=invite–ICS

PROX:FEM

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

SSP: ‘Then she invites (Diaper Child’s) mother to come inside.’ 791 ʔəƛ’a, k’ʷuyəʔ ʔəƛ’a come.to

k’ʷuyəʔ mother

‘ “Come, mother,’ 792 [ʔə]ƛ’a čxʷa hədʔiw’b ʔəƛ’a come.to

čxʷa hədʔiw’–b 2SG.COORD be.inside.house–MD

‘ “Come inside.’ 793 hədhədʔiˑw’b tiʔəʔ ʔi tə suq’ʷaʔs həd–hədʔiw’–b DSTR–be.inside.house–MD

tiʔəʔ

ʔi

tə

PROX

CONJ

NSPEC

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘The rest entered, including the younger brother.’ 794 gʷaʔgʷatəb kʷi sp’ic’ikʷ gʷaʔ–gʷat–t–b kʷi ATTN–speak–ICS–PASS REM

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child is spoken to.’ 795 xʷiʔəxʷ gʷasuxʷtəš xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

gʷə=ʔas–suxʷt–š SBJ=STAT–recognize–ICS

‘No one recognizes him.’ 796 xʷiʔəxʷ gʷasuxʷtəš tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

gʷə=ʔas–suxʷt–š

tiʔəʔ

SBJ=STAT–recognize–ICS

PROX

‘No one recognizes Diaper Child.’

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

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Star Child

797 huˑy, q’ʷəx̌ʷəbaxʷ huy SCONJ

q’ʷəx̌ʷ–b=axʷ butcher–CSMD=now

‘Then they butcher it.’ 798 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 799 x̌ʷul’ ləʔabyitəb qaw’qs ʔə kʷədiʔ stə ʔudaw’ x̌ʷul’ lə=ʔab–yi–t–b just PROG=reach–DAT–ICS–PASS

qaw’qs ʔə kʷədiʔ raven PR REM.DMA

stə INTJ

ʔudaw’ tallow

SSP: ‘Raven is just given the tallow.’ 800 x̌ʷul’ ləɬəqsəd, ɬəqsəd, ɬəqsəd, ɬəqsəd x̌ʷul’ just

lə=ɬəqsəd PROG=gulp

ɬəqsəd ɬəqsəd ɬəqsəd gulp gulp gulp

‘He just gulps it down, gulps it down, gulps it down, gulps it down.’ 801 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) gʷəsk’aw’s xʷiʔ kʷi

gʷə=s=k’aw’=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=chew=3PO

REM

‘He doesn’t chew it.’ 802 huy dᶻəgʷaʔ qaw’qs ʔəsq’əyuq’ʷ huy SCONJ

dᶻəgʷaʔ qaw’qs ʔas–q’əyuq’ʷ expert raven STAT–big.appetite

‘Well Raven who has a big appetite is known for this.’ 803 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘It continues.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

141

804 huˑy ʔabyitəb tsiʔəʔ waw’lis ʔə tiʔəʔ stə ɬič’ɬič’gʷastəb ʔə kʷədiʔ kʷagʷičəd huy SCONJ

ʔab–yi–t–b tsiʔəʔ reach–DAT–ICS–PASS PROX:FEM

ɬič’–ɬič’i•gʷas–t–b

ʔə PR

DSTR–slice•pair–ICS–PASS

wa–w’lis ʔə tiʔəʔ stə ATTN–frog PR PROX INTJ kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

kʷagʷičəd elk

‘Then Little Frog is given this that has been cut up, this elk.’ 805 gʷəl t’al’t’alatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ ləgʷləgʷəb gʷəl

t’al’–t’ala–t–b

SCONJ

DSTR–slice–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

ləgʷ–ləgʷəb

PROX

DSTR–youth

‘And it is sliced up by the young men’ 806 gʷəl ləq’ʷəltəb gʷəl

lə=q’ʷəl–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=cook–ICS–PASS

‘And it is roasted.’ 807 ciˑlitəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ waw’lis tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ cili–t–b supported–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ

wa–w’lis

tiʔəʔ

PROX:FEM

ATTN–frog

PROX

ʔudaw’ tallow

‘The tallow is dished up by Little Frog.’ 808 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷtxʷyid tsi sk’ʷuys gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–yi–t take–ECS–DAT–ICS

tsi SPEC:FEM

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

‘And she takes it to her mother.’ 809 huy wəšəbaxʷ tiʔə sk’ʷuys ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ huy SCONJ

wəš–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ distribute–CSMD=now PROX

sk’ʷuy–s ʔə tiʔəʔ mother–3PO PR PROX

‘Then her mother passes it around, this tallow.’ 810 ʔəɬədaxʷ tiʔəʔ luƛ’luƛ’ ʔəɬəd=axʷ feed.on=now

tiʔəʔ

luƛ’–luƛ’

PROX

DSTR–old

‘Now the old people eat.’

ʔudaw’ tallow

142

Star Child

811 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 812 ʔəɬədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ ʔəɬəd=axʷ feed.on=now

əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR

PL

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔudaw’ tallow

SSP: ‘They eat this tallow.’ 813 xʷiʔ gʷəbəq’təb ʔə waw’lis xʷiʔ

gʷə=bəq’–t–b

NEG

SBJ=put.in.mouth–ICS–PASS

ʔə wa–w’lis PR ATTN–frog

‘Little Frog doesn’t put anything in her mouth.’ 814 huy, ʔuxʷdigʷitəb ʔə tsi sk’ʷuys huy SCONJ

ʔuxʷdigʷi–t–b advise–ICS–PASS

ʔə tsi sk’ʷuy–s PR SPEC:FEM mother–3PO

‘She has been advised by her mother.’ 815 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 816 tiˑləb sixʷ scut ʔə kʷi qaw’qs tiləb immediately

sixʷ

s=cut

PTCL

NM=say

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

qaw’qs raven

SSP: ‘Right away, Raven says,’ 817 q’ax̌alətxʷ, q’ax̌alətxʷ, q’ax̌alətxʷ, q’ax̌alətxʷ q’ax̌a•alətxʷ uncover•house

q’ax̌a•alətxʷ uncover•house

q’ax̌a•alətxʷ q’ax̌a•alətxʷ uncover•house uncover•house

‘ “Open the roof, open the roof, open the roof, open the roof!’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

143

818 sədil čəɬ, sədil čəɬ s=həd–il NM=hot–INCH

čəɬ 1PL.PO

s=həd–il NM=hot–INCH

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “We are getting too hot, we are getting too hot.” ’ 819 kʷaʔ ʔəsdukʷtub ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷaʔ PTCL

ʔas–dukʷu–txʷ–b

STAT–abnormal–ECS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘He is under a spell.’ 820 q’ax̌alətxʷ tiʔiʔəˑʔ q’ax̌a•alətxʷ tiʔ–iʔəʔ uncover•house PL–PROX

‘The people open the roof.’ 821 ʔa, ʔugʷadgʷad tiʔiɬ qaw’qs ʔa

ʔu–gʷad–gʷad

tiʔiɬ

INTJ

PFV–DSTR–talk

DIST

qaw’qs raven

‘Oh, Raven continues to talk.’ 822 ʔa, ʔugʷadgʷad ʔa

ʔu–gʷad–gʷad

INTJ

PFV–DSTR–talk

‘Oh, he talks.’ 823 diˑʔɬ kʷi saq’ ʔə kʷi qaw’qs diʔɬ suddenly

kʷi

s=saq’

REM

NM=fly

ʔə kʷi PR REM

‘All of a sudden, Raven flies.’ 824 saq’ʷəxʷ dxʷšqalətxʷ saq’ʷ=axʷ fly=now

dxʷ–šqalətxʷ CNTRPT–roof

‘He flies up to the roof.’

qaw’qs raven

144

Star Child

825 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 826 saq’ʷ saq’ʷ saq’ʷ fly

saq’ʷ fly

SSP: ‘He flies, he flies.’ 827 qa qa qa qa qa qa ‘ “Caw caw caw caw caw caw.” ’ 828 x̌ʷul’ bəqayx̌icut ʔal kʷədiʔ šqalətxʷ x̌ʷul’ bə=qayx̌icut ʔal just ADD=flap.wings at

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

šqalətxʷ roof

‘He is there at the roof flapping around.’ 829 hay sixʷ hay, ƛ’ubəʔəx̌idəxʷ tiʔiɬ qaw’qs hay

sixʷ

hay

ƛ’u=bə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

PTCL

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=what.happened=now

DIST

‘What in the world is Raven doing now?’ 830 ƛ’ubəʔəx̌id ƛ’u=bə=ʔəx̌id HAB=ADD=what.happened

‘What now is he doing?’ 831 šqalətxʷəxʷ kʷi suqayx̌icuts šqalətxʷ=axʷ kʷi roof=now REM

s=ʔu–qayx̌icut=s NM=PFV–flap.wings=3PO

‘There he is at the roof flapping around.’ 832 ʔiˑ diʔɬ tiʔiɬ saq’ʷs ʔi INTJ

diʔɬ suddenly

tiʔiɬ

s=saq’ʷ=s

DIST

NM=fly=3PO

‘Suddenly he flies off.’

qaw’qs raven

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

145

833 dukʷiləxʷ dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now

‘He is transformed.’ 834 dukʷutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs dukʷu–t–b=axʷ abnormal–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs PR PROX belong.to.bloodline star

‘The Star People transformed him.’ 835 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 836 saq’ʷ dxʷʔaɬx̌ad saq’ʷ dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad fly CNTRPT–downstream

SSP: ‘He flies downstream.’ 837 qa qa ‘ “Caw caw.” ’ 838 x̌ʷul’ ləgʷadgʷad x̌ʷul’ lə=gʷad–gʷad just PROG=DSTR–talk

‘He is just talking.’ 839 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 840 qa qa qa SSP: ‘ “Caw caw caw.” ’

146

Star Child

841 huy, q’ʷəl’q’ʷəlabəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

q’ʷəl’–q’ʷəla–b=axʷ DSTR–cook–MD=now

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

‘Then they roast the food.’ 842 gʷəl ʔəɬʔəɬadəxʷ gʷəl

ʔəɬ–ʔəɬad=axʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–be.fed=now

‘And they feast.’ 843 hmm 844 gʷəl ləɬax̌il gʷəl

lə=ɬax̌–il

SCONJ

PROG=dark–INCH

‘Then night comes.’ 845 huy kʷačil huy SCONJ

kʷačil day.begins

‘Then morning comes.’ 846 huy tatabəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

tatabəb=axʷ confer=now

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

‘Then they confer.’ 847 dukʷiləxʷ kʷaʔ ti qaw’qs dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now

kʷaʔ ti PTCL

SPEC

qaw’qs raven

‘Raven, though, has been transformed.’ 848 saq’ʷəxʷ saq’ʷ=axʷ fly=now

‘He flies.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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849 dukʷiləxʷ ti siʔab dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now

ti SPEC

siʔab noble

UW: ‘The high-class one has been transformed.’ 850 dukʷiləxʷ ti siʔab qaw’qs dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now

ti SPEC

siʔab noble

qaw’qs raven

SSP: ‘The high-class Raven has been transformed.’ 851 ləcut lə=cut PROG=say

‘Someone is saying.’ 852 cuucəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cut–c–b say–ALTV–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PROX:FEM here

‘It is said to (the people) by this (woman).’ 853 cut tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ luƛ’ cut say

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

cədiɬ s/he

luƛ’ old

‘This old woman says,’ 854 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi ɬudəxʷəsləx̌ ʔə kʷi ɬuləʔəƛ’ ʔaciɬtal[b]ixʷ ɬu=stab=axʷ kʷi ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–ləx̌ ʔə kʷi ɬu=lə=ʔəƛ’ IRR=what=now REM IRR=ADNM=STAT–light PR REM IRR=PROG=come ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

‘ “How will coming generations of people have light?’ 855 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

148

Star Child

856 ɬustabəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬuləx̌iləxʷ ɬu=stab=axʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=ləx̌–il=axʷ IRR=what=now PROX IRR=light–INCH=now

SSP: ‘ “What will it be at dawn?” ’ 857 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi sdukʷəcutəxʷ ɬu=stab=axʷ kʷi IRR=what=now REM

s=dukʷ–t–sut=axʷ NM=abnormal–ICS–REFL=now

‘ “What will it be changed to?” ’ 858 ƛ’ub čəd haw’əʔ ɬup’aʔcut [ʔal] kʷi dukʷəɬdat ƛ’ub well

čəd 1SG.SUB

haw’əʔ

ɬu=p’aʔ–t–sut

PTCL

IRR=try–ICS–REFL

ʔal at

kʷi REM

dukʷəɬdat tomorrow

‘ “I guess I should try tomorrow.” ’ 859 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 860 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

t’ət’əwaʔs star

SSP: ‘It is spoken by the one descended from the Star People.’ 861 ƛ’al’əxʷ bədxʷšəq ƛ’al’=axʷ also=now

bə=dxʷ–šq ADD=CNTRPT–high

‘He also goes up high.’ 862 ʔa ti bads əlgʷəʔ ʔa ti bad–s əlgʷəʔ be.there SPEC father–3PO PL

‘Their father is there.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

149

863 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 864 t’ət’əwaʔs šqulgʷədxʷ t’ət’əwaʔs star

šqulgʷədxʷ sky

SSP: ‘He is a star in the sky world.’ 865 ƛ’al’ bəstubš tiʔiɬ bədaʔ ʔə tsiʔiɬ tusuq’ʷaʔs ƛ’al’ also

bəs–stubš

tiʔiɬ

PROP–man

DIST

bədaʔ offspring

ʔə PR

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

tu=suq’ʷaʔ–s PAST=younger.sibling–3PO

‘(The mother’s) younger sister also has a son.’ 866 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 867 SSP: ha hay 868 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəʔ, kʷi səxʷdadatu[t] ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ kʷi go PROX REM

səxʷ–dadatut INSTR–morning

‘He goes, the one who is for morning.’ 869 huy, ʔəƛ’axʷ huy SCONJ

ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now

‘Then, he comes.’

150

Star Child

870 ƛ’al’al’ ʔal tadiʔ q’ixʷ ƛ’al’–al’ ʔal DIM.EFF–early at

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

q’ixʷ upstream

‘It is early upriver.’10 871 gʷəl dxʷsədil gʷəl

dxʷs–həd–il

SCONJ

CTD–hot–INCH

‘And it gets warm.’ 872 hiqab sq’ʷəl hiqab s–q’ʷəl excessively NP–hot

‘It is too hot.’ 873 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 874 t’it’ičəb kʷi tuʔaciɬta[l]bixʷ t’i–t’ičəb ATTN–bathe

kʷi

tu=ʔaciɬtalbixʷ

REM

PAST=people

SSP: ‘The people go into the water.’ 875 x̌ʷul’əxʷ biɬaʔlb ti tusəsq’ikʷs čaʔkʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now

biɬaʔl–b too.much–MD

ti

tu=s=ʔas–q’ikʷ=s

SPEC

PAST=NM=STAT–appear=3PO

‘They can be seen in the water just out of their depth.’ 876 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

10

Upriver is to the east, where the sun rises.

čaʔkʷ seaward

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

151

877 huˑy, taʔtab[ac] gʷəl ləɬaˑx̌il huy SCONJ

taʔ–tabac ATTN–slow

gʷəl

lə=ɬax̌–il

SCONJ

PROG=dark–INCH

SSP: ‘Then, slowly, it becomes night.’ 878 šišigʷagʷil tiʔiʔəʔ ši–šigʷ–agʷil tiʔ–iʔəʔ ATTN–emerge.from.water–AUTO PL–PROX

‘These people get themselves out of the water.’ 879 gʷəl gʷəgʷatəb tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl

gʷə–gʷat–b

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

ATTN–talk–PASS

PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘And Diaper Child is spoken to,’ 880 hiqab sq’ʷəl tiʔiɬ adsqa hiqab s–q’ʷəl excessively NP–hot

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad–sqa 2SG.PO–older.brother

‘ “Your older brother is far too hot.’ 881 ʔaləxʷ ʔu tiʔiɬ ƛ’usx̌aʔx̌aʔil ʔə tiʔiɬ sq’ʷəl ƛ’uspədils hədəb ʔal=axʷ ʔu tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=s=x̌aʔx̌aʔ–il at=now INT DIST HAB=NM=great–INCH

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

s–q’ʷəl

DIST

NP–hot

ƛ’u=s=pəd–il=s hədəb HAB=NM=season–INCH=3PO summer

‘ “When it comes to the peak of the heat of summer season,’ 882 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 883 huy gʷəl šubali tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬta[l]bixʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

šubali tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ many.die PROX people

SSP: ‘ “And then people will perish.’

152

Star Child

884 ʔabil’əxʷ gʷəʔəƛ’ tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaˑɬ ʔabil’=axʷ gʷə=ʔəƛ’ perhaps=now SBJ=come

tiʔiɬ DIST

ɬukʷaɬ sun

‘ “If perhaps the sun were to come,’ 885 gʷəl ʔalil taʔa gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal–il at–INCH

taʔa DIST:UNQ.DMA

‘ “And it appears over there.’ 886 ləbsq’ʷəliˑl lə=bə=ʔas–q’ʷəl–il PROG=ADD=STAT–hot–INCH

‘ “It will become warm.’ 887 gʷəl ʔalil tadiʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal–il at–INCH

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘ “Its position would be over there,’ 888 gʷəl ƛ’ux̌ʷil gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il cold–INCH

‘ “And it would cool down.’ 889 gʷəl ɬax̌il gʷəl SCONJ

ɬax̌–il dark–INCH

‘ “And night would come.’ 890 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

891 diɬ gʷəƛ’ub diɬ

gʷə=ƛ’ub

FOC

SBJ=well

SSP: ‘ “That would be right.” ’ 892 tatatəbəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ tatatəb=axʷ confer=now

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

‘They confer.’ 893 ʔuˑ, diɬ gʷəhaʔɬ ʔu

diɬ

gʷə=haʔɬ

INTJ

FOC

SBJ=good

‘ “Oh, that would be the good way.’ 894 hiqab dxʷsəd hiqab dxʷs–həd excessively CTD–hot

‘ “It’s too hot.” ’ 895 hiqab dxʷsəd hiqab dxʷs–həd excessively CTD–hot

‘ “It’s too hot.” ’ 896 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 897 ɬčil tiʔəʔ sqas ɬčil arrive

tiʔəʔ sqa–s older.brother–3PO

PROX

SSP: ‘His brother arrives.’

153

154

Star Child

898 gʷəl ləwiliqʷ gʷəl

lə=wiliqʷ

SCONJ

PROG=ask

‘And he asks,’ 899 ʔəsʔəx̌id ʔas–ʔəx̌id STAT–what.happened

‘ “How was it?’ 900 həʔ həʔ ‘ “Ha ha.” ’ 901 hiqab čəxʷ dxʷsəd hiqab čəxʷ dxʷs–həd excessively 2SG.SUB CTD–hot

‘ “You were too hot.” ’ 902 həʔ həʔ ‘ “Ha ha.’ 903 gʷəl šubali kʷədaʔ tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬta[l]bix cut tiʔəʔ sqas gʷəl šubali kʷədaʔ tiʔiɬ SONJ many.die PTCL DIST

ʔaciɬtalbix people

cut say

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘ “I suppose the people died!” his older brother said.’ 904 ƛ’alal ʔal tadiʔ ʔəsq’ikʷ ƛ’al–al ATTN–located

ʔal at

tadiʔ

ʔas–q’ikʷ

DIST.DMA

STAT–appear

‘ “As soon as it appears over there,’ 905 gʷəl dxʷsədiˑl gʷəl

dxʷs–həd–il

SCONJ

CTD–hot–INCH

‘ “And it gets hot.’

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

155

906 bək’ʷaxʷ x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔut’ičt’ičəb bək’ʷ=axʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ all=now just=now

ʔu–t’ič–t’ičəb PFV–DSTR–wade.out

‘ “Everyone gets into the water.’ 907 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 908 xʷiʔəxʷ gʷədiič’uʔ gʷəšikʷ xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

gʷə=diič’uʔ

gʷə=šikʷ

SBJ=one

SBJ=emerge.from.water

SSP: ‘ “Not one comes out of the water.’ 909 x̌ʷul’ čaʔkʷ ʔal tadiʔ x̌ʷul’ čaʔkʷ just seaward

ʔal at

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘ “Just out from shore over there,’ 910 čaʔkʷ x̌ʷul’ lədxʷčaʔčaʔkʷ čaʔkʷ seaward

x̌ʷul’ lə=dxʷ–čaʔ–čaʔkʷ just PROG=CNTRPT–DSTR–seaward

‘ “Out from shore, just out seaward,’ 911 gʷəl taw’taw’ičəd əlgʷəʔ gʷəl

taw’–taw’ičəd əlgʷəʔ

SCONJ

DSTR–immerse

PL

‘ “They immerse themselves in the water.’ 912 tux̌ʷəxʷ ʔəskʷədkʷədaɬ qʷəɬqʷɬayʔ, cq’ap tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now

ʔas–kʷəda–kʷəda–aɬ

qʷəɬ–qʷɬayʔ

STAT–DSTR–hold–INCRP

DSTR–log

cq’•ap spear•bottom

‘ “They have to hold poles to support themselves.” ’

156

Star Child

913 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 914 ʔu, dəgʷi k’ʷəɬ kʷi ɬup’aʔcut ʔu INTJ

dəgʷi you

k’ʷəɬ kʷi

ɬu=p’aʔ–t–sut

QTV

IRR=try–ICS–REFL

REM

SSP: ‘ “Oh, so the one to try is you.’ 915 dəgʷi kʷi ɬup’aʔcut ʔal kʷi dukʷəɬdat dəgʷi kʷi ɬu=p’aʔ–t–sut you REM IRR=try–ICS–REFL

ʔal at

kʷi REM

dukʷəɬdat tomorrow

‘ “The one who will try tomorrow is you.” ’ 916 ʔu, ʔəca ʔal taʔa gʷəl dxʷsədiˑl ʔu INTJ

ʔəca I

ʔal at

taʔa DIST:UNQ.DMA

gʷəl

dxʷs–həd–il

SCONJ

CTD–hot–INCH

‘ “Oh, so I am to place myself over there and make it warm?” ’ 917 x̌ʷul’ ʔal tadiʔ gʷəl ƛ’ux̌ʷil dxʷʔal sɬax̌il x̌ʷul’ ʔal tadiʔ gʷəl ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il dxʷ–ʔal sɬax̌–il just at DIST.DMA SCONJ cold–INCH CNTRPT–at darkness–INCH

‘ “Just over there, it will be cold toward evening.’ 918 diɬ gʷəƛ’ub diɬ

gʷə=ƛ’ub

FOC

SBJ=well

‘ “That would be good.” ’ 919 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He is spoken to by his younger sibling.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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920 cutəb ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child is told.’ 921 ʔux̌ʷ kʷi sp’ic’ikʷ ʔal kʷi sləx̌ils ʔux̌ʷ kʷi go REM

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

ʔal at

kʷi

s=sləx̌–il=s

REM

NM=daylight–INCH=3PO

‘Diaper Child goes in the morning.’ 922 ʔuˑ, ʔəsƛ’ux̌ʷil ʔal kʷi sʔəƛ’aˑs ʔu INTJ

ʔas–ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il ʔal STAT–cold–INCH at

kʷi

s=ʔəƛ’=as

REM

NM=come=3SBRD

‘Oh, it is cool while he comes.’ 923 ʔilabac ʔə t’at’agʷt gʷəl dxʷsədiˑl ʔil•abac side•body

ʔə PR

t’a–t’agʷt

gʷəl

dxʷs–həd–il

ATTN–on.top

SCONJ

CTD–hot–INCH

‘Just before noon it gets hot.’ 924 ləcuǰiq’agʷil kʷaʔ tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtaˑ[l]bixʷ ləcu–ǰiq’–agʷil CONT–immerse–AUTO

kʷaʔ

tiʔəʔ

PTCL

PROX

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

‘The people, though, are putting themselves in the water.’ 925 x̌ʷul’ ʔalil tadiʔ x̌ʷul’ just

ʔal–il at–INCH

tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘He gets over there.’ 926 gʷəl ƛ’uˑx̌ʷil gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il cold–INCH

‘And it cools off’

158

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927 gʷəl ɬax̌ gʷəl

ɬax̌ dark

SCONJ

‘And night comes.’ 928 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 929 ʔuˑ, diɬ ƛ’ub tiʔiɬ adsuq’ʷaʔ ʔu

diɬ

INTJ

FOC

ƛ’ub well

tiʔiɬ ad–suq’ʷaʔ 2SG.PO–younger.sibling

DIST

SSP: ‘ “Oh, your brother is all right.’ 930 diɬ ƛ’ub tiʔiɬ adsuq’ʷaʔ diɬ FOC

ƛ’ub well

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad–suq’ʷaʔ 2SG.PO–younger.sibling

‘ “Your brother is all right.’ 931 ɬuləsləx̌əd t(i) swatixʷtəd ɬu=ləs–ləx̌ə–t IRR=PROG.STAT–light–ICS

ti SPEC

swatixʷtəd country

‘ “He will be the one to light the land.” ’ 932 ʔuˑ, ɬuliɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd səɬax̌il ʔu INTJ

ɬu=liɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd IRR=by.way.of PTCL 1SG.SUB

s=lə=ɬax̌–il NM=PROG=dark–INCH

‘Oh, I guess that means I’ll be going by night.” ’ 933 cut cut say

‘He says.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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934 liɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd səɬax̌il liɬ–ʔal PRLV–at

haw’əʔ čəd s=lə=ɬax̌–il 1SG.SUB NM=PROG=dark–INCH

PTCL

‘ “I’ll be going by night.” ’ 935 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 936 x̌ʷul’ ʔuʔisʔistab, x̌ʷul’ x̌ʷul’ ʔu–ʔis–ʔistaʔ–b just PFV–DSTR–be.like–MD

SSP: ‘So it is done that way.’ 937 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl

lə=cut

SCONJ

PROG=say

‘And he speaks.’ 938 ɬčil tiʔəʔ ɬčil arrive

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘(Diaper Child) arrives.’ 939 gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷ gʷəl

lə=wiliq’ʷ

SCONJ

PROG=ask

‘And he asks.’ 940 ʔəx̌id ʔəx̌id what.happened

‘ “How was it?’

x̌ʷul’ just

160

Star Child

941 ʔəx̌id čəd ʔəx̌id čəd what.happened 1SG.SUB

‘ “How was I?’ 942 ƛ’ubil čəd ʔu ƛ’ub–il čəd ʔu well–INCH 1SG.SUB INT

‘ “Was I all right?” ’ 943 ʔəsƛ’ubil čəxʷ ʔas–ƛ’ub–il čəxʷ STAT–well–INCH 2SG.SUB

‘ “You are all right.’ 944 ʔal taˑʔa gʷəl dxʷsədil ʔal at

taʔa

gʷəl

dxʷs–həd–il

DIST:UNQ.DMA

SCONJ

CTD–hot–INCH

‘ “When you get there it gets hot.’ 945 x̌ʷul’ ʔal taʔa gʷəl ləƛ’uˑx̌ʷil x̌ʷul’ just

ʔal at

taʔa

gʷəl

lə=ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il

DIST:UNQ.DMA

SCONJ

PROG=cold–INCH

‘ “Over there and it cooled.’ 946 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 947 x̌ʷul’ ləcuǰiq’agʷil t(i) adʔiišəd dxʷʔal sƛ’ubils x̌ʷul’ ləcu–ǰiq’–agʷil just CONT–immerse–AUTO

ti SPEC

ad–ʔiišəd dxʷ–ʔal 2SG.PO–relatives CNTRPT–at

s=ƛ’ub–il=s NM=well–INCH=3PO

SSP: ‘ “Your people put themselves in the water until it was all right.” ’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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948 ʔux̌ʷc ʔux̌ʷ–c go–ALTV

‘He goes to his older brother.’ 949 ɬuliɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd ti ƛ’usəɬax̌il čəda x̌ʷul’əxʷ ɬuləst’it’əswičəb ʔal ti ƛ’usaʔɬil ʔə tə swatixʷtəd ɬu=liɬ–ʔal IRR=PRLV–at

haw’əʔ čəd ti ƛ’u=s=lə=ɬax̌–il 1SG.SUB SPEC HAB=NM=PROG=dark–INCH

PTCL

x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now

ɬu=ləs–t’i–t’əswič–b IRR=PROG.STAT–ATTN–back.to.fire–MD

ƛ’u=s=haʔɬ–il HAB=NM=good–INCH

ʔə PR

tə NSPEC

čəda 1SG.COORD

ʔal ti at SPEC

swatixʷtəd country

‘ “I guess I’ll (go) when it gets dark and I’ll just turn my back when (the weather) is good in the land.’ 950 ɬubək’ʷ ts(i) adč’əbas ɬu=bək’ʷ IRR=all

tsi SPEC:FEM

ad–č’əbas 2SG.PO–sibling.in.law

‘ “Your sister-in-law will go too.” ’ 951 qʷibicut tiʔiʔəʔ ʔi tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas qʷibi–t–sut prepare–ICS–REFL

tiʔ–iʔəʔ

ʔi

tsiʔəʔ

PL–PROX

CONJ

PROX:FEM

‘So he prepares himself and so does his wife.’ 952 kʷədad tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas kʷəda–t taken–ICS

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘He takes his wife.’ 953 kʷədatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ xʷʔix̌ʷads kʷəda–t–b taken–ICS–PASS

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘xʷʔix̌ʷads is taken by him.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

xʷʔix̌ʷads xʷʔix̌ʷads

čəgʷas–s wife=3PO

162

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954 tudəxʷʔasəxʷ tsiʔəʔ waw’lis ʔal ti stə sɬukʷalb tu=dəxʷ=ʔa=s=axʷ tsiʔəʔ wa–w’lis ʔal ti stə sɬukʷalb PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO=now PROX:FEM ATTN–frog at SPEC INTJ moon

‘There is a little frog on the moon because she was there.’ 955 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 956 xʷč’asusəxʷ ti sɬukʷalb xʷ–č’as•us=axʷ CTD–dirty•face=now

ti SPEC

sɬukʷalb moon

SSP: ‘The moon has markings on his face.’ 957 x̌ʷul’əxʷ ləʔa[h]il ʔə kʷi dxʷcutəbid x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now

lə=ʔa–il PROG=be.there–INCH

ʔə PR

kʷi

dxʷ=cut–ab–bi–t

REM

CTD=say–DSD–MAP–ICS

‘They are just visible to those that notice them.’ 958 gʷəl ləst’it’əswičəbəxʷ gʷəl

ləs–t’i–t’əswič–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PROG.STAT–ATTN–back.to.fire–MD=now

‘And (the older brother) turns his back.’ 959 ʔuˑx̌ʷ ti sp’ic’ikʷ ʔux̌ʷ ti SPEC go

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child goes.’ 960 ʔəsləx̌əd tiʔə swatixʷtəd ʔas–ləx̌–t STAT–light–ICS

‘The land is lit.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd country

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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961 t’igʷiˑd t’igʷi–t thank–ICS

‘They thank him.’ 962 x̌ʷul’ buusaɬ tiʔəʔ suʔux̌ʷs x̌ʷul’ buus•aɬ just four•CLS

tiʔəʔ

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=s

PROX

NM=PFV–go=3PO

‘He goes four times.’ 963 gʷəl ɬčil tiʔəʔ bəščəb gʷəl SCONJ

ɬčil tiʔəʔ arrive PROX

bəščəb mink

‘And Mink arrives.’ 964 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 965 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 966 huy sixʷ bədčəbaxʷ [tiʔəʔ] bəščəb huy

sixʷ

SCONJ

PTCL

bədčəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ lie=now PROX

SSP: ‘Then, as usual, Mink lies.’ 967 tiləb ʔuwiliq’ʷid tiləb ʔu–wiliq’ʷi–t immediately PFV–ask–ICS

‘He asks him right away.’

bəščəb mink

164

Star Child

968 bəʔəbsčəgʷas ʔu tiʔəʔ cədiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ bə=ʔas–bəs–čəgʷas ADD=STAT–PROP–wife

ʔu INT

tiʔəʔ cədiɬ he

PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘ “Does Diaper Child have a wife?’ 969 stabəxʷ tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ čəgʷas ʔal tiʔiɬ gʷəbasčəgʷasils stab=axʷ what=now

tsiʔəʔ

cədiɬ he

PROX:FEM

čəgʷas–s wife=3PO

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ DIST

gʷə=bə=ʔas–čəgʷas–il=s SBJ=ADD=STAT–wife–INCH=3PO

‘ “Who is his wife when he marries?’ 970 čad kʷi maʔmaʔ 11 čad where

kʷi REM

maʔmaʔ daddy

‘ “Where is daddy?” ’ 971 cutəb ʔə tiʔiɬ bəščəb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

bəščəb mink

‘It is spoken by Mink.’ 972 čad kʷi maʔmaʔ čad where

kʷi REM

maʔmaʔ daddy

‘ “Where is daddy?” ’ 973 ʔəbsbədaʔ haw’əʔ ʔu sus tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ STAT–PROP–offspring

haw’əʔ

ʔu

s=ʔu=s

tiʔəʔ

PTCL

INT

NM=INT=3PO

PROX

‘ “Does he have a child?’ 974 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷətučəgʷas gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=tu=čəgʷas=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=PAST=wife=3PO

‘ “And doesn’t he have a wife?” ’ 11

The word maʔmaʔ is a stylized form of babaʔ ‘daddy’.

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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975 ʔəsləx̌əd tə swatixʷtəd ʔas–ləx̌–t tə swatixʷtəd STAT–light–ICS NSPEC country

‘He is lighting the land.’ 976 ʔa, ɬugʷiitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ diʔadiʔ ʔa

ɬu=gʷihi–t–b

INTJ

IRR=invite–ICS–PASS

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

ʔal kʷədiʔ at REM.DMA

‘Oh, (Mink) will be invited to the other room.’ 977 ɬčil tiʔəʔ tusəsɬax̌il[s] ɬčil arrive

tiʔəʔ

tu=s=ʔəs–ɬax̌–il=s

PROX

PAST=NM=STAT–dark–INCH=3PO

‘He came during the night.’ 978 gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷid gʷəl

lə=wiliq’ʷi–t

SCONJ

PROG=ask–ICS

‘And he asked ...’ 979 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 980 [tsi] čəgʷas tsi SPEC:FEM

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

SSP: ‘... his wife.’ 981 ʔahəxʷ t(i) adsəsʔəq’dagʷəl ʔa=axʷ ti be.there=now SPEC

‘ “You have a visitor.’

ad=s=ʔas–ʔəq’–t–agʷəl 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–open–ICS–RCP

diʔ•adiʔ other.side•ear

166

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982 adbədaʔ k’ʷəɬ ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

k’ʷəɬ QTV

‘ “He says he is your son.’ 983 adbədaʔ k’ʷəɬ tiʔiɬ ʔuɬčil ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

k’ʷəɬ

tiʔiɬ

ʔu–ɬčil

QTV

DIST

PFV–arrive

‘ “The one who came says he is your son.’ 984 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ (chuckles) 985 diɬ sixʷ ti gə[t], bəščəb, diɬ diɬ

sixʷ

ti

FOC

PTCL

SPEC

gət guy

bəščəb diɬ mink FOC

SSP: ‘ “It is that guy, Mink, it is.’ 986 diɬ sixʷ ti gə[t], bəščəb diɬ

sixʷ

ti

FOC

PTCL

SPEC

gət guy

‘ “It is that fellow Mink.” ’ 987 ʔaˑ ƛ’uƛ’ačup tiʔəʔ bəščəb ƛ’u=ƛ’a•čup HAB=go•firewood

tiʔəʔ bəščəb PROX mink

‘Oh, Mink brings in wood.’ 988 ƛ’uƛ’ačup ƛ’u=ƛ’a•čup HAB=go•firewood

‘He brings in wood’

bəščəb mink

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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989 gʷəl ƛ’uʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ bads gʷəl

ƛ’u=ʔux̌ʷ

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

HAB=go

PROX

bad–s father–3PO

‘And his father goes.’ 990 diʔɬ tiʔəʔ scuts diʔɬ tiʔəʔ suddenly PROX

s=cut=s NM=say=3PO

‘Suddenly (Mink) says,’ 991 maʔmaʔ ɬasgʷaʔəxʷ čəd maʔmaʔ ɬu=ʔas–gʷaʔ=axʷ daddy IRR=STAT–accompany=now

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “Daddy, I will accompany you now.” ’ 992 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 993 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 994 ʔu, x̌aƛ’ tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ ʔu INTJ

x̌aƛ’ difficult

tiʔiɬ DIST

stuləkʷ river

SSP: ‘ “Oh, that river is difficult.’ 995 gʷəxʷit’il čəxʷ čxʷa gʷəʔatəbəd gʷə=xʷit’–il čəxʷ čxʷa SBJ=descend–INCH 2SG.SUB 2SG.COORD

‘ “You’d fall and you would die.” ’

gʷə=ʔatəbəd SBJ=die

168

Star Child

996 bəq’aq’ax̌acut bə=qʷa–q’ax̌a–t–sut ADD=ATTN–uncover–ICS–REFL

‘He shows himself a little.’ 997 bəq’aq’ax̌acut k’ʷəɬ bə=q’a–q’ax̌a–t–sut ADD=ATTN–uncover–ICS–REFL

k’ʷəɬ QTV

‘It is said that he shows himself a little.’ 998 gʷəl ƛ’usaliʔil tiʔiɬ ɬukʷəɬ gʷəl

ƛ’u=saliʔ–il

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

HAB=two–INCH

DIST

ɬukʷəɬ sun

‘And the sun always looks like two.’ 999 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsuq’ax̌acut, xʷiʔ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=ʔu–q’ax̌a–t–sut 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–uncover–ICS–REFL

‘ “Don’t show yourself, don’t!” ’ 1000 ʔaliləxʷ tiʔiɬə stuləkʷ ʔal–il=axʷ tiʔiɬə stuləkʷ at–INCH=now DIST river

‘When Diaper Child arrived at the river,’ 1001 gʷəl cutəb tiʔəʔ bəščəb, gʷəl SCONJ

cut–t–b tiʔəʔ say–ICS–PASS PROX

bəščəb mink

‘And Mink is told,’ 1002 kʷədyalc čəxʷ ʔə kʷi tib kʷəd•y•alc čəxʷ hold•CNN•PRDCT 2SG.SUB

‘ “You hold on tight now.’

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

tib be.strong

xʷiʔ NEG

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

169

1003 ɬusaxʷəb čəd dxʷdiʔucid ɬu=saxʷəb IRR=jump

čəd 1SG.SUB

dxʷ–diʔ•ucid CNTRPT–other.side•mouth

‘ “I am going to jump to the other side.” ’ 1004 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1005 huy kʷədyalcəxʷ kʷi bəščəb huy SCONJ

kʷəd•y•alc=axʷ hold•CNN•PRDCT=now

SSP: ‘Then Mink hangs on.’ 1006 huy saxʷəb huy SCONJ

saxʷ–b jump–MD

‘Then Diaper Child jumps.’ 1007 saxʷəbəxʷ saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now

‘He jumps.’ 1008 saxʷəbəxʷ kʷi bəščəb saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now

‘Mink jumps.’ 1009 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1010 SSP: mmm

kʷi REM

bəščəb mink

kʷi REM

bəščəb mink

170

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1011 sasaxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ bad sa–saxʷəb=axʷ ATTN–jump=now

tiʔəʔ bəščəb mink

PROX

‘The father hops over.’ 1012 x̌ibyalc x̌əɬ ti kʷuʔkʷəb x̌ib•y•alc x̌əɬ‿ti kʷuʔkʷəb grab•CNN•PRDCT seemingly hunchbacked

‘(Mink) grabs on (so that they) seem hunchbacked.’ 1013 saxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs saxʷəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ jump=now PROX

dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline

t’ət’əwaʔs star

‘This one of the Star People jumps.’ 1014 ɬaˑx̌il ɬax̌–il dark–INCH

‘It becomes night.’ 1015 wiliq’itəb tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ wiliq’i–t–b ask–ICS–PASS

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘This one is asked.’ 1016 ƛ’uʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəxʷsaliʔil ƛ’u=ʔəx̌id HAB=what.happened

kʷi REM

‘ “Why do you become two?’ 1017 ʔuʔəx̌id ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happened

‘ “What happened?’

ad=dəxʷ=saliʔ–il 2SG.PO=ADNM=two–INCH

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1018 saliʔil čəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔilʔabac ʔə t’at’əgʷt saliʔ–il čəxʷ two–INCH 2SG.SUB

ʔal tiʔiɬ at DIST

ʔil•abac repeat•body

ʔə PR

t’a–t’əgʷt ATTN–noon

‘ “You become two at noon.’ 1019 ƛ’adsbuusaɬil ʔal tiʔəʔ huyəɬt’agʷt ƛ’u=ad=s=buus•aɬ–il ʔal tiʔəʔ HAB=2SG.PO=NM=four•CLS–INCH at PROX

huyu–aɬ•t’agʷt made–INCRP•noon

‘ “It was your fourth time at noon.” ’ 1020 diɬ sixʷ tiʔəʔ ti ƛ’uləq’ax̌acut, ʔəsqpali diɬ

sixʷ

tiʔəʔ ti

ƛ’u=lə=q’ax̌a–t–sut

ʔas–qpali

FOC

PTCL

PROX

HAB=PROG=uncover–ICS–REFL

STAT–crazy

SPEC

‘ “It is the one who keeps showing himself, he is crazy,” ’ 1021 cutəb tiʔiɬ bəščəb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

tiʔiɬ DIST

bəščəb mink

‘He speaks of Mink.’ 1022 ʔuˑx̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ go PL

‘They go.’ 1023 t’uˑk’ʷ t’uk’ʷ go.home

‘They go home.’ 1024 ʔaˑ, qahəɬdat ʔa INTJ

qa•aɬ•dat many•CLS•day

‘Oh, it was many days.’

172

Star Child

1025 gʷəl bəcut, gʷəl

bə=cut

SCONJ

ADD=say

‘And Mink says,’ 1026 maʔmaʔ, ʔəca kʷi ɬasləx̌əd tə sləx̌il maʔmaʔ daddy

ʔəca I

kʷi

ɬu=ʔas–ləx̌–t

tə

REM

IRR=STAT–light–ICS

NSPEC

‘ “Daddy, I am going to go and light the daytime.’ 1027 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ (chuckles) 1028 ʔəca kʷi ɬasləx̌əd ʔəca I

kʷi

ɬu=ʔas–ləx̌–t

REM

IRR=STAT–light–ICS

SSP: ‘ “I am going to light it.’ 1029 ʔəcahəxʷ ʔəca=axʷ I=now

‘ “It will be me now.” ’ 1030 ʔu, gʷəʔatəbəd čəxʷ ʔu INTJ

gʷə=ʔatəbəd SBJ=die

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “Oh, you would die.’ 1031 xʷiʔ gʷadsaxʷəb xʷiʔ gʷə=ad=s=saxʷəb NEG SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=jump

‘ “You couldn’t jump.’

sləx̌–il daylight–INCH

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1032 xʷiʔ gʷadsaxʷəb dxʷdiʔucid ʔə ti ʔal tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ xʷiʔ gʷə=ad=s=saxʷəb dxʷ–diʔ•ucid ʔə ti ʔal NEG SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=jump CNTRPT–other.side•mouth PR SPEC at tiʔiɬ DIST

stuləkʷ river

‘ “You couldn’t jump to the other side of the river.’ 1033 gʷəʔatəbəd čəxʷ gʷə=ʔatəbəd SBJ=die

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You would die.” ’ 1034 ʔuˑ, gʷəsaxʷəb čəd ʔu INTJ

gʷə=saxʷəb SBJ=jump

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “Oh, I could jump.” ’ 1035 hiwil [s]ʔas hiwil s=ʔa=s go.ahead NM=be.there=3PO

‘ “Go ahead then.” ’ 1036 ʔabyitəb ʔə kʷi tushaʔkʷs ƛ’alabac ʔab–yi–t–b extend–DAT–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

tu=s=haʔkʷ=s PAST=NM=3PO

ƛ’al•abac put.on•body

‘He is given some old time clothing.’ 1037 ʔux̌ʷ kʷi bəščəb ʔux̌ʷ kʷi go REM

bəščəb mink

‘Mink goes.’ 1038 mmm 1039 huˑy, ʔahəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ kʷi sq’iq’əlx̌s gʷəsaxʷəbs huy SCONJ

ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ DIST

stuləkʷ kʷi river REM

s=q’i–q’əlx̌=s NM=ATTN–surprised=3PO

174

Star Child

gʷə=s=saxʷəb=s SBJ=NM=jump=3PO

‘He arrives at the river and he hesitates to jump (from fear).’ 1040 x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔa x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now

ʔa be.there

‘He just stands there,’ 1041 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1042 huy, huyucutəxʷ kʷi bəščəb huy SCONJ

huyu–t–sut=axʷ made–ICS–REFL=now

kʷi REM

bəščəb mink

SSP: ‘Then Mink prepares himself.’ 1043 saxʷəb saxʷəb jump

‘He jumped.’ 1044 siʔiʔacgʷiɬ kʷi sɬaq’s s=ʔiʔi–ʔac•gʷiɬ NM=ATTN–center•canoe

‘He lands in mid-river.’ 1045 huy p’q’ʷaxʷ huy SCONJ

p’q’ʷ=axʷ float=now

‘Then he drifts.’ 1046 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

kʷi

s=ɬaq’a=s

REM

NM=fall=3PO

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1047 huy ɬax̌iləxʷ huy SCONJ

ɬax̌–il=axʷ dark–INCH=now

SSP: ‘Then it becomes night.’ 1048 ƛ’al’al’ gʷəl ɬax̌il ƛ’al’–al’ DIM.EFF–early

gʷəl SCONJ

ɬax̌–il dark–INCH

‘It is early and yet it gets dark.’ 1049 ʔal tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ sləx̌il gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔal at

tiʔiɬ DIST

dəč’uʔ one

sləx̌–il daylight–INCH

gʷəl

bə=ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

ADD=go

PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘The next day (Diaper Child) goes again.’ The second side of the first reel of tape runs out and the second reel begins. 1050 ʔahiltxʷ k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa–il–txʷ be.there–INCH–ECS

k’ʷuyəʔ mom

AS: ‘Put it there, Mom.’ The recording becomes indistinct as several people begin talking at once. 1051 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ cədiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

cədiɬ he

SSP: ‘Diaper Child went.’ 1052 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now

‘He went ...’ 1053 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

176

Star Child

1054 ʔal tiʔiɬ bədč’uʔəxʷ basləx̌il ʔal at

tiʔiɬ

bə=dəč’uʔ=axʷ

bə=ʔas–ləx̌–il

DIST

ADD=one=now

ADD=STAT–light–INCH

SSP: ‘... the next day.’ 1055 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ go

tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘And Diaper Child goes,’ 1056 ʔuʔatəbədəxʷ kʷaʔ ti bəščəb ʔu–ʔatəbəd=axʷ PFV–die=now

kʷaʔ

ti

PTCL

SPEC

bəščəb mink

‘However, Mink dies.’ 1057 x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔudᶻək’ʷucut x̌ʷul’=axʷ ʔu–dᶻək’ʷu–t–sut just=now PFV–travel–ICS–REFL

‘He drifts.’ 12 1058 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəˑʔ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ go PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘He goes.’ 1059 gʷəl ʔəƛ’ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’iˑkʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔəƛ’ come

tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘And Diaper Child comes.’ 1060 gʷəl ɬaˑx̌il gʷəl SCONJ

ɬax̌–il dark–INCH

‘And it gets dark.’

12

The original gloss of this sentence was ‘He drifted (on the Milky Way)’.

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1061 x̌ʷuˑl’ ləɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiišəds x̌ʷul’ lə=ɬčil just PROG=arrive

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

CNTRPT–at

PROX

ʔiišəd–s relatives–3PO

‘He arrives where his people are.’ 1062 huy x̌aʔx̌aʔx̌ayəbcutəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

x̌aʔ–x̌aʔ–x̌ayəb–t–sut=axʷ ATTN–ATTN–laugh–ICS–REFL=now

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

‘Then they laugh.’ 1063 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1064 huy tubəʔəx̌idəxʷ čəxʷ huy SCONJ

tu=bə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ čəxʷ PAST=ADD=what.happened=now 2SG.SUB

SSP: ‘ “What was the matter with you then?’ 1065 tubəʔəx̌idəxʷ dəxʷsƛ’al’al’s tiʔəʔ adsɬax̌iltxʷ tu=bə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ

dəxʷ=s=ƛ’al’–al’=s

tiʔəʔ

PAST=ADD=what.happened=now

ADNM=NM=DIM.EFF–early=3PO

PROX

ad=s=ɬax̌–il–txʷ 2SG.PO=NM=light–INCH–ECS

‘ “What was the matter that you made it get dark early?” ’ 1066 tiləb ʔucut tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tiləb immediately

ʔu–cut

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PROX here

PFV–say

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Right away, Diaper Child says,’ 1067 həʔhuʔ diɬ sixʷ ti xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ bəščəb həʔhuʔ ha

diɬ

sixʷ

ti

xʷiʔ

lə–haʔɬ

FOC

PTCL

SPEC

NEG

NEG–good

‘ “Ha, it was that no-good Mink.’

bəščəb mink

178

Star Child

1068 diɬ tiʔiɬ ƛ’uhuhuyucut diɬ

tiʔiɬ

ƛ’u=hu–huyu–t–sut

FOC

DIST

HAB=ATTN–made–ICS–REFL

‘ “He is the one who acted up.” ’ 1069 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1070 ƛ’učaˑdəxʷ ʔal ti ʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ kʷi sʔas ƛ’u=čad=axʷ ʔal HAB=where=now at

ti SPEC

ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ downstream•land

SSP: ‘ “Where is he now in the sky?” ’ 1071 diɬ tuʔəƛ’ diɬ

tu=ʔəƛ’

FOC

PAST=come

‘ “He came.’ 1072 tuləx̌əd tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd tu=ləx̌–t tiʔəʔ PAST=light–ICS PROX

swatixʷtəd country

‘ “He lit up the land.’ 1073 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ʔusaxʷəb gʷəl SCONJ

x̌ʷul’ ʔu–saxʷəb just PFV–jump

‘ “And he just jumped,’ 1074 gʷəl ƛ’al’ ʔacgʷiɬ gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’al’ ʔac•gʷiɬ also center•canoe

‘ “And he landed midstream’

kʷi

s=ʔa=s

REM

NM=be.there=3PO

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1075 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ, p’əq’ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ p’əq’ʷ go drift

‘ “And he goes, he drifts.’ 1076 ʔuʔatəbəd xʷuʔələʔ ʔu–ʔatəbəd PFV–die

xʷuʔələʔ maybe

‘ “I guess he died,” ’ 1077 cutəb tiʔəʔ bəščəd cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

tiʔəʔ bəščəd PROX mink

‘Mink is spoken about.’ 1078 xʷiʔ uʔxʷ kʷi bəsʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ cədiɬ sqaʔs xʷiʔ

uʔxʷ kʷi

bə=s=ʔux̌ʷ

NEG

PTCL

ADD=NM=go

REM

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

cədiɬ he

sqaʔ–s older.sibling–3PO

‘His older brother hasn’t gone.’ 1079 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1080 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1081 xʷiʔ uʔxʷ gʷəsʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sɬukʷalb xʷiʔ NEG

uʔxʷ gʷə=s=ʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ SBJ=NM=go PR PROX

PTCL

SSP: ‘The Moon hasn’t gone yet.’

diʔəʔ here

sɬukʷalb moon

180

Star Child

1082 ƛ’al’ ƛ’ubələcuɬiɬəčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ cədiɬ ʔalʔals əlgʷəʔ dəxʷəsq’ʷuʔs ƛ’al’ ƛ’u=bə=ləcu–ɬi–ɬəčil HAB=ADD=CONT–ATTN–arrive

also

əlgʷəʔ PL

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

cədiɬ ʔalʔal–s

CNTRPT–at

PROX

he

house–3PO

dəxʷ=ʔas–q’ʷuʔ=s ADNM=STAT–gather=3PO

‘He keeps coming back to the house where they are gathered.’ 1083 tatabəbəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ tatabəb=axʷ confer=now

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

‘They confer.’ 1084 tatabəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi tiʔəʔ sqaʔs tatabəb=axʷ confer=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi Diaper.Child CONJ

tiʔəʔ PROX

sqaʔ–s older.sibling–3PO

‘Diaper Child and his brother confer.’ 1085 ʔu, ɬudaʔadəxʷ čəɬ haw’əʔ tiʔəʔ stul’tuləkʷ ʔu INTJ

ɬu=daʔa–t=axʷ čəɬ haw’əʔ tiʔəʔ stul’–tuləkʷ IRR=name–ICS=now 1PL.PO PTCL PROX DSTR–river

‘ “Oh, I guess we had better name the rivers.’ 1086 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1087 ɬudaʔad čəɬ tiʔəʔ stuləkʷ ɬu=daʔa–t čəɬ IRR=named–ICS 1PL.PO

tiʔəʔ PROX

SSP: ‘ “We’ll name the rivers.’ 1088 gʷəl ɬudxʷšac’qid gʷəl

ɬu=dxʷ–šac’•qid

SCONJ

IRR=CTD–end•voice

‘ “And they will have names.’

stuləkʷ river

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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1089 ɬudaʔad čəɬ kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ, kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ, kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ ʔal kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ ɬu=daʔa–t čəɬ kʷi IRR=named–ICS 1PL.PO REM

dᶻəɬixʷ kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ kʷi creek REM creek REM

dᶻəɬixʷ ʔal kʷi creek at REM

dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe

‘ “We’ll name the streams, the creeks, the creeks belonging to other tribes.’ 1090 ɬudaʔad čəɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ ɬu=daʔa–t čəɬ tiʔəʔ IRR=named–ICS 1PL.PO PROX

diʔəʔ here

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘ “We’ll name these, these other tribes.’ 1091 ʔi, gʷəl ɬuləliʔucid ʔi gʷəl yes SCONJ

ɬu=ləliʔ•ucid IRR=foreign•language

‘ “Yes, they will have different languages ...” ’ 1092 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1093 taʔaʔ dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ taʔaʔ dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ DIST:UNQ.DMA different.tribe

SSP: ‘ “... those other tribes.” ’ 1094 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’ cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘He says to the older one,’ 1095 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’

ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old

dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe

182

Star Child

1096 ɬudaʔadəxʷ čəɬ tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ɬu=daʔa–t=axʷ IRR=name–ICS=now

čəɬ 1PL.PO

tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

SSP: ‘ “We’ll name them all now from here.’ 1097 ɬux̌čaʔkʷbixʷədəxʷ čəɬ ɬu=x̌–čaʔkʷ•bixʷ–t=axʷ čəɬ IRR=CTD–seaward•cluster–ICS=now 1PL.PO

‘ “We’ll start counting them off now.” ’ 1098 daʔad tiʔəʔ q’ʷulƛ’əl daʔa–t tiʔəʔ named–ICS PROX

q’ʷulƛ’əl Point.Roberts

‘They named Point Roberts.’ 1099 daʔad tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəbac daʔa–t named–ICS

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

sʔəbac Sumas

‘They named Sumas.’ 1100 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1101 daʔad tiʔəʔ bəšxʷsaʔq daʔa–t named–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

bəšxʷsaʔq Nooksack

SSP: ‘They named Nooksack.’ 1102 daʔad tiʔəʔ dxʷləbəyʔ daʔa–t named–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

dxʷləbəyʔ Lummi

‘They named Lummi.’

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1103 daʔad tiʔəʔ dxʷʔahaʔ daʔa–t named–ICS

tiʔəʔ

dxʷʔahaʔ Upper.Samish

PROX

‘They named Upper Samish.’ 1104 daʔad tiʔəʔ dxʷɬaʔɬaʔus daʔa–t named–ICS

tiʔəʔ

dxʷɬaʔɬaʔus Bayview

PROX

‘They named Bayview;’ 1105 daʔad tiʔəʔ čəčabqəb, tiʔəʔ sʔabš, tiʔəʔ swədəbš, tiʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ, tiʔəʔ kikiʔalus, tiʔəʔ qʷadᶻaʔkʷbixʷ, tiʔəʔ sdəhubš, tiʔəʔ sq’ixʷəbš, tiʔəʔ sdukʷalbixʷ, tiʔəʔ dxʷdəwʔabš, tiʔəʔ puyalapəbš daʔa–t tiʔəʔ named–ICS PROX gʷəɬ

čəčabqəb tiʔəʔ sʔabš tiʔəʔ swədəbš tiʔəʔ Lower.Guemes PROX Samish PROX Swinomish PROX

sqaǰət Skagit

ASSC

stuləkʷ tiʔəʔ river PROX

sdəhubš Snohomish

tiʔəʔ

sq’ixʷəbš Monro.Area

PROX

dxʷdəwʔabš Duwamish

kikiʔalus Kikialus

tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ PROX

qʷadᶻaʔkʷbixʷ tiʔəʔ Camano.Isle PROX

sdukʷalbixʷ Snoqualmie

tiʔəʔ PROX

puyalapəbš Puyallup

‘They named Lower Guemes Island, Samish, Swinomish, Skagit, Kikiallus, Northeast Camano Island, Snohomish, the Monro Area, Snoqualmie, Duwamish, Puyallup.’ 1106 x̌ʷul’ x̌əɬ ti diɬgʷas tiʔəʔ sk’ʷidaʔkʷbixʷ x̌ʷul’ x̌əɬ‿ti just

diɬgʷas tiʔəʔ

seemingly alike

PROX

sk’ʷid•aʔkʷ•bixʷ how.much•group•cluster

‘ “These will be kind of alike.’ 1107 tux̌ʷ (h)uy ləliʔ kʷi sudaʔads kʷi bək’ʷ stab tux̌ʷ just

huy SCONJ

ləliʔ kʷi s=ʔu–daʔa–t=s kʷi bək’ʷ stab different REM NM=PFV–named–ICS=3PO REM all what

‘ “Only they will call everything differently.’

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Star Child

1108 lələliʔil lə–ləliʔ–il PROG–different–INCH

‘ “They will be a little different.’ 1109 ƛ’al’ basʔistəʔ tiʔiɬə čəčabqab ƛ’al’ bə=ʔas–ʔistəʔ also ADD=STAT–be.like

tiʔiɬə DIST

čəčabqab Lower.Guemes

‘ “The Lower Guemes branch of Samish will be similar also.’ 1110 ƛ’al’ x̌əɬ ti x̌ʷul’ diɬgʷas ƛ’al’ also

x̌əɬ‿ti seemingly

x̌ʷul’ diɬgʷas just alike

‘ “It will be similar also,’ 1111 gʷəl tux̌ʷ (h)uy ləliʔ tiʔiɬ xʷgʷədgʷatəd ʔə tiʔiɬ diič’uʔ gʷəl SCONJ

tux̌ʷ just

huy SCONJ

ləliʔ different

tiʔiɬ DIST

xʷgʷədgʷatəd ʔə voice PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

diič’uʔ one:HMN

‘ “And their speech will be a different one.” ’ 1112 tiʔiɬ bəkʷšab, tiʔiɬ qəw’čəd, tiʔiɬ st’ək’iʔ, tiʔiɬ st’əbšyəl, tiʔiɬ ʔəytəʔ, tiʔiɬ yəqʷɬtəʔ tiʔiɬ

bəkʷšab Muckleshoot

DIST

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔəytəʔ Haida

tiʔiɬ qəw’čəd Cowichan

DIST

tiʔiɬ DIST

tiʔiɬ st’ək’iʔ DIST

Stikine

tiʔiɬ st’əbšyəl DIST

Alaskans

yəqʷɬtəʔ yəqʷɬtəʔ

‘The Muckleshoot, the Cowichan, the Stikine, the Alaskans, the Haida, the yəqʷɬtəʔ.’ 1113 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1114 diɬ bək’ʷ tudaʔad dxʷʔal sxʷʔəƛ’gʷas diɬ FOC

bək’ʷ all

tu=daʔa–t

dxʷ–ʔal

s=xʷ–ʔəƛ’•gʷas=s

PAST=name–ICS

CNTRPT–at

NM=CTD–come•pair=3PO

SSP: ‘These were all named until it was finished.’

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185

1115 ʔi diɬəxʷ ƛ’udəx̌ʷiličəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ƛ’uləcuʔiyəhub ʔi diɬ=axʷ ƛ’u=dəxʷ=x̌ʷilič=axʷ yes FOC=now HAB=ADNM=kneel=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=ləcu–ʔiyəhub DIST HAB=CONT–tell.story

‘That is why storytellers used to kneel.’ 1116 x̌ʷiličəxʷ ʔə tsiʔiɬ tudkiaʔ x̌ʷilič=axʷ kneel=now

ʔə tsiʔiɬ PR DIST:FEM

tu=d–kiaʔ PAST=1SG.PO–grandmother

‘My late grandmother knelt.’ 1117 daʔatəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ daʔa–t–b=axʷ name–ICS–PASS=now

tiʔəʔ

gʷəɬ

PROX

ASSC

sqaǰət Skagit

stuləkʷ river

‘The Skagit river is named.’ 1118 ləq’aɬidgʷas ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ləq’aɬ•gʷas be.in.right.place•pair

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd country

PROX

‘It was right next to the land.’ 1119 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1120 tiʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ tiʔəʔ

gʷəɬ

PROX

ASSOC

sqaǰət Skagit

stuləkʷ river

SSP: ‘It belongs with the Skagit River.’ 1121 daʔadəxʷ tul’al tadiʔ diʔiʔ daʔa–t=axʷ name–ICS=now

tul’–ʔal

tadiʔ

CNTRFG–at

DIST.DMA

diʔiʔ yonder

‘They name them from way over there.’

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1122 ʔəwʔəwalus, tiʔəʔ dx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb,13 tiʔəʔ dxʷɬuaykʷ 14 ʔəwʔəwalus Camano

tiʔəʔ

dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb tiʔəʔ dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb PROX

PROX

dxʷɬuaykʷ dxʷɬuaykʷ

‘Camano, dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb, dxʷɬuaykʷ.’ 1123 daʔad tiʔəʔ qa daʔa–t named–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

qa many

‘They name lots.’ 1124 tiʔəʔ xʷiʔ gʷəsudaʔads tiʔəʔ

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–daʔa–t=s

PROX

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–name–ICS=3PO

‘There aren’t many that they didn’t name.’ 1125 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1126 k’ʷak’ʷasalap, k’ʷasalap, dx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb, [dxʷ]ɬuaykʷ, dxʷduʔdkʷəšəd, dxʷduʔdkʷəšəd, ʔidigʷatəs tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔacəc k’ʷak’ʷasalap k’ʷasalap k’ʷak’ʷasalap k’ʷasalap

dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb

dxʷ–dudkʷəšəd ʔidigʷat=as CTD–Demock.Point say.what=3SBRD

dxʷɬuaykʷ dxʷ–dudkʷəšəd dxʷɬuaykʷ CTD–Demock.Point tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔacəc at UNQ

PROX

SSP: ‘k’ʷak’ʷasalap, k’ʷasalap, dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb, dxʷɬuaykʷ, dxʷdudkʷəšəd, what do they call that place there?’ 1127 dəbəxʷ tuʔal ti ʔəcəladiʔ dəb=axʷ tu=ʔal instead=now PAST=at

ti SPEC

ʔəcəladiʔ Utsalady

‘Instead of what was at Utsalady.’

13 14

Unidentified location on Camano Island. Cf. sɬuayʔikʷ ‘cedar bark clothing’.

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1128 tigʷəbid tigʷəbid tigʷəbid

UW: ‘tigʷəbid.’ 1129 tigʷəbid tigʷəbid tigʷəbid

‘tigʷəbid.’ 1130 tigʷəbid tigʷəbid tigʷəbid

SSP: ‘tigʷəbid.’ 1131 diɬəxʷ tusdaʔads tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

tu=s=daʔa–t=s PAST=NM=name–ICS=3PO

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

‘That is what they named it.’ 1132 gʷəl dəbaxʷ diɬəxʷ ʔəcəladiʔtub ʔə tə pastəd gʷəl SCONJ

dəb=axʷ diɬ=axʷ ʔəcəladiʔ–txʷ–b instead=now FOC=now Utsalady–ECS–PASS

ʔə tə pastəd PR NSPEC white.person

‘And instead now it is Utsalady, what the white people call it.’ 1133 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔəcəladiʔ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ ʔəcəladiʔ here Utsalady

‘Then there is Utsalady.’ 1134 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌əɬqʷuʔ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘Then there is x̌əɬqʷuʔ.’

diʔəʔ x̌əɬqʷuʔ here x̌əɬqʷuʔ

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1135 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ sq’ayups ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

sq’ayups sq’ayups

‘There is sq’ayups.’ 1136 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ tul’aləxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔilucid ti sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ, tiʔiɬ stusp’ic’ikʷ ʔa=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

tul’–ʔal=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

ʔil•ucid

ti

be.there=now

PROX

CNTRFG–at=now

PROX

side•mouth

SPEC

sdaʔ name

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

tiʔiɬ

s=tu=sp’ic’ikʷ

PROX

DIST

NM=PAST=Diaper.Child

‘From the water’s edge now is where he, the one who had been Diaper Child, named places.’ 1137 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1138 daʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌ʷəlalič daʔa–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ name–ICS=now PL PROX here

x̌ʷəlalič x̌ʷəlalič

SSP: ‘They name this x̌ʷəlalič.’ 1139 daʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ stuʔtuʔtələkʷ daʔa–t=axʷ name–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ

stuʔ–tuʔ–tələkʷ

PL

ATTN–ATTN–river

PROX

‘They name the little rivers.’ 1140 balbaliic čəd gʷatəxʷəs ti sdaʔdaʔ ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ bal–bali–c čəd gʷat=axʷ=as ti sdaʔ–daʔa ʔə tiʔ–iʔiɬ DSTR–forget–ALTV 1SG.SUB who=now=3SBRD SPEC DSTR–name PR PL–DIST

‘I’ve forgotten what all of their names were.’ 1141 ʔəbadəč ʔəbadəč ʔəbadəč

‘ʔəbadəč.’

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1142 diɬ dəč’uʔ diɬ FOC

dəč’uʔ one

‘That is one.’ 1143 ʔudaʔatəb tiʔəʔ ʔabadəč ʔu–daʔa–t–b tiʔəʔ ʔabadəč PFV–named–ICS–PASS PROX ʔabadəč

‘This ʔabadəč is named.’ 1144 ʔuˑx̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ cədiɬ dᶻəɬdᶻəɬixʷ saliʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

cədiɬ he

dᶻəɬ–dᶻəɬixʷ DSTR–creek

‘Now comes the creeks, two.’ 1145 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1146 ʔəsbaliic [čəd] ʔas–bali–c STAT–forget–ALTV

čəd 1SG.SUB

SSP: ‘I’ve forgotten them.’ 1147 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ dxʷsigʷucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX

dxʷsigʷucid dxʷsigʷucid

‘Now comes dxʷsigʷucid,’ 1148 ƛ’udaʔatəb ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b HAB=named–ICS–PASS

‘It is called (that).’

saliʔ two

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Star Child

1149 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikiʔalusali ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX

kikiʔalusali Kikiallus

‘Now comes Kikiallus.’ 1150 ʔa xʷuʔələʔ tiʔiʔiɬ sdaʔdaʔs ʔa be.there

xʷuʔələʔ maybe

tiʔ–iʔiɬ

sdaʔ–daʔs

PL–DIST

DSTR–name

‘I suppose there are lots of names.’ 1151 tux̌ʷ čəd ʔəsbaliic tux̌ʷ just

čəd 1SG.SUB

ʔas–bali–c STAT–forget–ALTV

‘Unfortunately I’ve forgotten them.’ 1152 ʔuˑx̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔaɬx̌adqid ʔə qʷaʔalič ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

ʔaɬx̌ad•qid ʔə qʷaʔalič downstream•top PR qʷaʔalič

‘Now comes the upriver area of qʷaʔalič.’ 1153 qa tiʔiɬ ʔəsbaliic čəd [kʷi] sdaʔdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ stul’tuləkʷ qa lots

tiʔiɬ

ʔas–bali–c

DIST

STAT–forget–ALTV

čəd kʷi sdaʔ–daʔa 1SG.SUB REM DSTR–name

ʔə PR

stul’–tuləkʷ DSTR–river

‘There are so many I’ve forgotten, the names of the rivers.’ 1154 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1155 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX

diʔəʔ q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ here q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ

SSP: ‘Now comes q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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1156 həbuʔ kʷi gʷadsč’abč’abyiqʷəb həbuʔ haboo

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s=č’ab–č’abyiqʷ–b

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=DSTR–great.grandparent–MD

AS: ‘Say haboo that you will have great-grandchildren!’ 1157 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ susut’iʔəʔəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX

diʔəʔ here

susut’iʔəʔ=axʷ Mt.Vernon=now

SSP: ‘Now comes Mount Vernon.’ 1158 xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus xʷ–q’ʷiq’ʷ•us CTD–white•face

‘xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus.’ 1159 xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus tusdaʔs xʷ–q’ʷiq’ʷ•us tu=sdaʔ–s CTD–white•face PAST=name–3PO

‘xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus was its name.’ 1160 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ xʷq’ʷubtax̌a[d] 15 ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX

xʷq’ʷubtax̌ad xʷq’ʷubtax̌ad

‘Now comes xʷq’ʷubtax̌ad.’ 1161 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ č’ač’xʷəx̌aʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

č’ač’xʷəx̌aʔ č’ač’xʷəx̌aʔ

‘Now comes čač’xʷəx̌aʔ.’ 1162 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dxʷbaqʷas, q’ʷəbtax̌a[d] xʷuʔələʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

dxʷbaqʷas dxʷbaqʷas

q’ʷəbtax̌ad q’ʷəbtax̌ad

xʷuʔələʔ maybe

‘Then comes this dxʷbaqʷas, maybe it is q’ʷəbtax̌ad.’ 15

Cf. sxʷq’ʷuptax̌ad ‘Green River’.

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1163 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔə x̌idubuʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

x̌idubuʔ x̌idubuʔ

‘Now comes this x̌idubuʔ.’ 1164 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ xʷq’aytəd ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

xʷq’aytəd xʷq’ayted

‘Now comes this xʷq’ayted.’ 1165 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ sčačigʷəqs ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ sčačigʷəqs go=now PROX sčačigʷəqs

‘Now comes this sčačigʷəqs.’ 1166 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ dxʷč’itqsqəd, pəlgʷusali ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

dxʷč’itqsqəd dxʷč’itqsqəd

pəlgʷusali pəlgʷusali

‘Now comes this dxʷč’itqsqəd, pəlgʷusali.’ 1167 diɬəxʷ tudaʔatəb ʔə tiʔiɬ tuluƛ’luƛ’ diɬ=axʷ tu=daʔa–t–b FOC=now PAST=name–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

tu=luƛ’–luƛ’

DIST

PAST=DSTR–old

‘These were all named by those elders.’ 1168 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1169 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌ʷix̌ʷalič ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

x̌ʷix̌ʷalič x̌ʷix̌ʷalič

SSP: ‘Now comes x̌ʷix̌ʷalič.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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1170 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ x̌ʷəlacu ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX

x̌ʷəlacu x̌ʷəlacu

‘Now comes x̌ʷəlacu.’ 1171 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ čičəwucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX

čičəwucid čičəwucid

‘Now comes čičəwucid.’ 1172 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔə xʷixʷəcilax̌ad, kəkəwaʔcuʔ, yubəčal’txʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ xʷixʷəcilax̌ad go=now PROX xʷixʷəcilax̌ad

kəkəwaʔcuʔ kəkəwaʔcuʔ

yubəčal’txʷ yubəčal’txʷ

‘Now comes this xʷixʷəcilax̌ad, kəkəwaʔcuʔ, yubəčal’txʷ.’ 1173 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1174 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔiɬə DIST

SSP: ‘Now comes this ...’ 1175 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1176 gʷat əw’ə tiʔiɬ sdaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔal l’yman 16 gʷat who

əw’ə

tiʔiɬ

PTCL

DIST

sdaʔ ʔə name PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔal at

l’yman Lyman

SSP: ‘What in the world is the name of that (place) at Lyman?’

16

Vi Hilbert supplies the name čubəʔabš.

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1177 ʔəsbal’baliic tiʔiɬ sdaʔdaʔ ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ ʔas–bal’–bali–c tiʔiɬ STAT–DSTR–forget–ALTV DIST

sdaʔ–daʔa DSTR–name

ʔə PR

‘I’ve forgotten their names.’ 1178 ʔəsbaliicəxʷ ʔas–bali–c=axʷ STAT–forget–ALTV=now

UW: ‘She forgets.’ 1179 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ʔuʔux̌ʷtxʷ x̌ʷul’ just

čəxʷ ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ 2SG.SUB PFV–go–ECS

AS: ‘Just go ahead,’ 1180 x̌ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ gʷəsbaliic čəxʷ x̌ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ just worthless

gʷə=s=bali–c SBJ=NM=forget–ALTV

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘It doesn’t matter what you’ve forgotten.’ 1181 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔal č’ič’əx̌əb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

ʔal at

č’ič’əx̌əb č’ič’əx̌əb

SSP: ‘Now comes č’ič’əx̌əb.’ 1182 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔal səxʷyuqʷəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

ʔal at

səxʷyuqʷəb səxʷyuqʷəb

‘Now comes that at səxʷyuqʷəb.’ 1183 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ q’ədᶻɬx̌ac ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

q’ədᶻɬx̌ac q’ədᶻɬx̌ac

‘Now comes q’ədᶻx̌ac.’

tiʔ–iʔiɬ PL–DIST

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

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1184 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ slux̌ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

slux̌ slux̌

‘Now comes slux̌.’ 1185 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis, ƛ’iƛ’ɬqi[d], dxʷqʷadᶻbucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis

ƛ’iƛ’ɬqid ƛ’iƛ’ɬqid

dxʷqʷadᶻbucid dxʷqʷadᶻbucid

‘Now comes sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis, ƛ’iƛ’ɬquid, dʷqʷadᶻbucid.’ 1186 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1187 SSP: ʔuqʷalap, dxʷqʷadᶻbucid, hadᶻaligʷəd,17 dxʷuptəd, sx̌ʷulux̌ʷ, šuƛ’, dxʷʔihigʷəb, diʔus 1188 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1189 liɬq’ix̌ʷəxʷ čəd liɬ•q’ix̌ʷ=axʷ čəd located•upstream=now 1SG.SUB

SSP: ‘I’m upriver now.’ 1190 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

UW: ‘Haboo.’

17

Unidentified place above Hamilton.

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Star Child

1191 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ləc’ililəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

ləc’ililəb ləc’ililəb

‘Now comes this ləc’ililəb,’ 1192 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ sp’aʔdaq ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

sp’aʔdaq Channel Gorge

‘Now comes this Channel Gorge.’ 1193 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔilucid ʔə dxʷqəlb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔil•ucid ʔə side•mouth PR

dxʷqəlb Baker River

‘Then, on the banks of Baker River.’ 1194 AS: Up in concrete now, we are up in Concrete 1195 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ duqʷduqʷala[d] ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

duqʷduqʷalad duqʷduqʷalad

SSP: ‘Now comes this duqʷduqʷalad.’ 1196 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ti xʷuk’ʷadis ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ ti xʷuk’ʷadis go=now SPEC xʷuk’ʷadis

‘Then there is xʷuk’ʷadis.’ 1197 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ti sʔiʔəʔišiw’ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ ti sʔiʔəʔišiw’ go=now SPEC sʔiʔəʔišiw’

‘Now comes this sʔiʔəʔišiw’.’ 1198 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ti dxʷqʷadᶻbucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ ti dxʷqʷadᶻbucid go=now SPEC dxʷqʷadᶻbucid

‘Now comes dxʷadᶻəbucid.’

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1199 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔilucid saʔkʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ ʔil•ucid go=now DIST side•mouth

saʔkʷ Sauk

‘Now comes the Sauk River (area).’ 1200 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ, x̌ʷadᶻabac, sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ, dadəč’ulqi[d], xʷqəlbucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ

‘Now comes p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ.’ 1201 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1202 x̌ʷadᶻabac, sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ, dadəč’ulqi[d], xʷqəlbucid x̌ʷadᶻabac x̌ʷadᶻabac

sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ

dadəč’ulqid dadəč’ulqid

xʷqəlbucid Cascade.River

SSP: ‘x̌ʷadᶻabac, sək’ʷəbadᶻəlgʷiɬ, dadč’ulqid, Cascade River.’ 1203 diɬ ləʔux̌ʷəxʷ tul’q’ixʷ diɬ

lə=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ

tul’–q’ixʷ

FOC

PROG=go=now

CNTRFG–upstream

‘That is going upriver now.’ 1204 diɬəxʷ x̌ʷul’əxʷ šabš diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now

šabš šabš

‘It is just šabš.’ 18 1205 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə dxʷədᶻəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DIST

dxʷhədᶻəb dxʷhədᶻəb

‘Now comes dxʷhədᶻəb.’ 18

It is not certain that this is a reference to a place name.

198

Star Child

1206 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DISTs

‘Then comes ...’ 1207 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1208 stkʷab ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DIST

stkʷab Falls

SSP: ‘… the Falls.’ 1209 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DIST

gʷəsəxʷ ??

swatixʷtəd country

‘Now comes ...’ 1210 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ The next line spoken by Mrs. Peter is indistinct. 1211 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1212 qa kʷədiʔ yədwas ʔal tiʔiɬ stkʷab qa kʷədiʔ lots REM.DMA

yədwas ʔal heart at

tiʔiɬ DIST

stkʷab stkʷab

SSP: ‘There are lots of hearts at the Falls.’

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

199

1213 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ƛ’udcuuc ʔacʔaciɬta[l]bixʷəɬ sdaʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə ƛ’u=d=s=cuu–c ʔac–ʔaciɬtalbixʷ–aɬ go=now DIST HAB=1SG.PO=NM=say–ALTV DSTR–people–INCRP

sdaʔ name

‘Then there are those that I give human(-sounding) names to.’ 1214 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1215 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ

SSP: ‘There is xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ.’ 1216 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ xʷq’ʷastəd ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ DIST go=now

xʷq’ʷastəd xʷq’ʷastəd

‘Then comes xʷq’ʷastəd.’ 1217 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔalatəbqi[d] ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ DIST go=now

ʔalatəbqid ʔalatəbqid

‘Then ʔalatəbqid.’ 1218 ʔiɬq’iˑxʷəxʷ, q’ixʷbidəxʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ stkʷab ti lədaʔdup čəd ʔiɬ•q’ixʷ=axʷ q’ixʷ–bid=axʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ stkʷab ti located•upstream=now upstream–RLNL=now PR REM.DMA stkʷab SPEC lə=daʔa•dup PROG=name•COLL

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘Upriver now, above the Falls, is what I am naming off.’ 1219 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo

AS: ‘Haboo.’

200

Star Child

1220 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ kʷədiʔ gʷəɬ tubšədə[d] ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷədiʔ go=now REM.DMA

gʷəɬ

tubšədad Sahaptin

ASSC

SSP: ‘Now comes that belonging to the Sahaptin.’ 1221 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ x̌ačx̌ačuʔ, q’ʷuʔq’ʷuʔ x̌ačuʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

x̌ač–x̌ačuʔ DSTR–lake

q’ʷuʔ–q’ʷuʔ x̌ačuʔ DSTR–gather lake

‘Now come the lakes, there are many lakes.’ 1222 diɬəxʷ gʷəɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔiɬsp’ic’ikʷs sdaʔadsəxʷ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd diɬ=axʷ

gʷəɬ=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

ʔiɬ–sp’ic’ikʷs

s=daʔa–t=s=axʷ

FOC=now

ASSC=now

PROX

PRTV–Diaper.Child

NM=name–ICS=3PO=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd country

‘These were the names that Diaper Child (and his brother) give to the land.’ 1223 cutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ cut=axʷ əlgʷəʔ say=now PL

‘They say,’ 1224 ɬudiɬgʷas kʷi liˑl, ɬudiɬgʷas kʷi liˑl, ɬudiɬgʷas sdaʔs tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=diɬ•gʷas IRR=FOC•pair tiʔəʔ PROX

kʷi REM

lil far

ɬu=diɬ•gʷas kʷi IRR=FOC•pair REM

lil ɬu=diɬ•gʷas sdaʔ–s far IRR=FOC•pair name–3PO

swatixʷtəd country

‘ “Areas from far away will have the same name, other areas will give the same name to their lands.’ 1225 tiʔiɬ dəxʷʔas tiʔiɬə slux̌ ʔal tiʔiɬ stuləgʷabš tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=ʔa=s DIST ADNM=be.there=3PO

tiʔiɬə slux̌ slux̌

DIST

ʔal at

‘ “There is another slux̌ at Stillaguamish.’

tiʔiɬ DIST

stuləgʷabš Stillaguamish

gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter

201

1226 ʔa tiʔiɬ xʷadᶻaʔəb ʔa be.there

tiʔiɬ DIST

xʷadᶻaʔəb xʷadᶻaʔəb

‘ “There is xʷadᶻaʔəb,’ 1227 diɬ, diɬdiɬgʷas diɬ

diɬ–diɬ•gʷas

FOC

DSTR–FOC•pair

‘ “It has another place named the same.’ 1228 biɬaʔəb biɬaʔ–b have.more.than.enough–MD

‘ “It has more than enough.” ’ 1229 diɬ šac’səxʷ diɬ

s=šac’=s=axʷ

FOC

NM=end=3PO=now

‘That is the end now.’ 1230 diɬ šac’s huy diɬ

s=šac’=s

FOC

NM=end=3PO

AS: ‘That is the end.’

huyu made

2 Dora Solomon c. 1892–1981

Dora Solomon. Photo from the Lushootseed Research Archives.

Dora Solomon was Upper Skagit but lived at Lummi most of her life. She had many children and her husband, Felix Solomon, was remembered by Vi Hilbert as a good provider who always had saltwater fish, clams, and crabs on hand to share with guests. Mrs. Solomon was known as a historian and in her final years she worked eagerly with Vi to record the stories that she knew. Sadly, Mrs. Solomon passed away before this work could be completed.

Biographical material drawn from an interview with Vi Hilbert by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).

204

Star Child

Star Child

as told by Dora Solomon1

1

ʔiɬudaʔad tiʔiɬ sdaʔ cisxʷixʷt’il ʔiɬ–ʔu–daʔa–d PRTV–PFV–named–ICS

tiʔiɬ DIST

sdaʔ name

cisxʷixʷt’il Cisxwixwt’il

‘They gave only her the name Cisxwixwt’il.’ 2 2

gʷəl tul’ʔal kʷi dᶻixʷ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tuhuy ʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd, kʷsi tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq gʷəl

tul’–ʔal

kʷi

SCONJ

CNTRFG–at

REM

swatixʷtəd country

dᶻixʷ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tu=huyu ʔal tiʔəʔ first people PAST=made at PROX

kʷsi

tu=xʷit’il–t–sut

tul’–šq

REM:FEM

PAST=descend–ICS–REFL

CNTRFG–high

‘And she who came down from above is where the people who made this country (are descended) from.’ 3

ʔiɬčəx̌ syəyəhub kʷi səshuys ʔiɬ–čəx̌ PRTV–split

syəyəhub legend

kʷi REM

s=ʔas–huyu=s NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘The legend has two parts.’ 4

sk’ʷuy ʔə sɬukʷalb, tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il sk’ʷuy ʔə mother PR

sɬukʷalb moon

tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il PROX:FEM Cisxwixwt’il

‘Cisxwixwt’il is the mother of Moon.’ 5

tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tul’–šq PAST=descend–ICS–REFL CNTRFG–high

‘She came down from above.’

1

2

Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert with Dora Solomon, a speaker of the Skagit dialect, at Lummi, 25 August 1976; transcribed by Vi Hilbert and further redacted by Thom Hess. The name cisxʷixʷt’il comes from tsi sxʷixʷt’il ‘she who comes down (xʷt’il ‘descend’)’.

Dora Solomon

6

205

ƛ’utusəsxʷʔahəb k’ʷəɬ kʷi gʷəsuyəyəhubitid tiʔiɬə ƛ’u=tu=s=ʔas–dxʷ–ʔa–ab HAB=PAST=NM=STAT–CTD–be.there–DSD

k’ʷəɬ

kʷi

QTV

REM

gʷə=s=ʔu–yəyəhub–bi–t–id tiʔiɬə SBJ=NM=PFV–tell.story–MAP–ICS–PASS.SBRD DIST

‘Those that were told this story always wanted to be there.’ 7

You know, that was passed just to family

8

tuyəyəhubid tsi tusk’ʷuy ʔə Martin tu=yəyəhub–bi–t PAST=tell.story–MAP–ICS

tsi

tu=sk’ʷuy

SPEC:FEM

PAST=mother

ʔə PR

Martin Martin

Vi Hilbert: ‘It was told to Martin (Sampson) by his mother (Susie Sampson Peter).’ 9

Dora Solomon: Yeah, she knows it, I guess

10

ʔəsx̌aləxʷ ʔas–x̌ala=axʷ STAT–written=now

VH: ‘It is written down.’ 11

DS: Yeah, she knows it, I guess

12

tux̌aladəxʷ čəd tu=x̌ala–t=axʷ čəd PAST=written–ICS=now 1SG.SUB

VH: ‘I wrote it down.’ 13

Yeah, I know that story too, that kʷi tushuyutidəxʷ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔə tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb Yeah I know that story too yes I know that story too

that kʷi that REM

tu=s=huyu–t–id=axʷ PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS.SBRD=now sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

ʔi

tiʔəʔ

CONJ

PROX

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd country

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

sɬukʷalb moon

DS: ‘Yeah, I know that story too, that one about (when) the world is made by Star Child and the Moon.’

206

14

Star Child

haʔɬ syəyəhub tiʔiɬ haʔɬ good

syəyəhub legend

tiʔiɬ DIST

VH: ‘That’s a good story.’ 15

DS: That’s a good story I could tell you, that’s the history of Indians, that’s the beginning of the Indian

16

tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ ləcudaʔatəb cisxʷixʷt’il tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

cədiɬ s/he

ləcu–daʔa–t–b CONT–named–ICS–PASS

cisxʷixʷt’il Cisxwixwt’il

‘She is the one who was called Cisxwixwt’il.’ 17

tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tul’–šq PAST=descend–ICS–REFL CNTRFG–high

‘She lowered herself from above.’ 18

She was here

19

tudᶻixʷ tushuys tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd tu=dᶻixʷ PAST=first

tu=s=huyu=s PAST=NM=made=3PO

tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX country

‘This world was first created.’ 20

gʷəl tuskʷədab ʔə tiʔiɬ čusəd, him and his sister gʷəl

tu=s=kʷəda–b

SCONJ

PAST=NM=taken–MD

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘And the stars took them.’ 21

tuʔux̌ʷtub dxʷšəq əlgʷəʔ tu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b PAST=go–ECS–PASS

dxʷ–šq

əlgʷəʔ

CNTRPT–high

PL

‘They were taken up above.’

čusəd star

him and him and

his sister his sister

Dora Solomon

22

207

ƛ’uč’aʔədəxʷ kʷi skʷiʔxʷ ƛ’u=č’aʔ–t=axʷ HAB=dug.up–ICS=now

kʷi REM

skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root

‘They would dig for bracken fern roots.’ 23

gʷəl ƛ’ux̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəb ʔə tiʔiɬ sč’isč’istxʷs gʷəl

ƛ’u=x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b

SCONJ

HAB=DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

sč’is–č’istxʷ–s

DIST

DSTR–husband–3PO

‘And they were warned by their husbands,’ 24

Don’t follow that, ɬut’q’ʷas tiʔiɬə don’t don’t

follow that follow that

ɬu=t’q’ʷ=as

tiʔiɬə

IRR=snapped=3SBRD DIST

‘ “Don’t follow those roots if they break off!’ 25

xʷiʔ kʷ(i) sčaladləp xʷiʔ

kʷi

s=čala–t=lap

NEG

REM

NM=chased–ICS=2PL.PO

‘ “Don’t follow them!” ’ 26

gʷəl ƛ’ucuucəxʷ tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl

ƛ’u=cut–c=axʷ

tsiʔiɬ

SCONJ

HAB=say–ALTV=now

DIST:FEM

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘And she would say to her younger sister,’ 27

Well, stab haw’əʔ kʷi dəxʷsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəb čəɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ sč’isč’istxʷ čəɬ gʷəč’aʔədəɬi tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ ɬut’q’ʷas well well

stab what

haw’əʔ kʷi dəxʷ=sx̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b čəɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ REM ADNM=DSTR–forbidden–ICS–PASS 1PL.PO PR DIST

PTCL

sč’is–č’istxʷ čəɬ gʷə=č’aʔ–t=aɬi tiʔəʔ DSTR–husband 1PL.PO SBJ=dug.up–ICS=1PL.SBRD PROX

skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root

ɬu=t’q’ʷ=as IRR=snapped=3SBRD

‘ “Well, why are we forbidden by our husbands to dig roots if they break off?’

208

28

Star Child

ɬuč’aʔəd čəd tiʔəʔ dskʷiʔxʷ čəda ɬušuuc ɬu=č’aʔ–t čəd tiʔəʔ d–skʷiʔxʷ čəda IRR=dug.up–ICS 1SG.SUB PROX 1SG.PO–bracken.fern.root 1SG.COORD ɬu=šuɬ–c IRR=see–ALTV

‘ “I’m going to dig up my root and look at it.’ 29

ɬuʔəx̌id kʷi ɬushuys tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ ɬu=ʔəx̌id kʷi ɬu=s=huyu=s tiʔəʔ IRR=what.happen REM IRR=NM=made=3PO PROX

skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root

‘ “How will this root be?” ’ 30

t’əq’ʷ t’q’ʷu snapped

‘It broke.’ 31

gʷəl tuč’aˑʔəd gʷəl

tu=č’aʔ–t

SCONJ

PAST=dug.up–ICS

‘And she dug it up.’ 32

diˑʔɬəxʷ tiʔiɬ sʔux̌ʷs, [s]pixʷils diʔɬ=axʷ suddenly=now

tiʔiɬ

s=ʔux̌ʷ=s

s=pixʷ–il=s

DIST

NM=go=3PO

NM=fallen.off–INCH=3PO

‘Suddenly, it goes, it falls.’ 33

puˑt ʔupipič’icut tiʔəʔ little stars ʔə tiʔiɬ spixʷils tiʔəʔ put ʔu–pipič’icut tiʔəʔ little really PFV–make.shower.of.light PROX little s=pixʷ–il=s NM=fallen.off–INCH=3PO

stars stars

ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘The little stars make a great shower of light as they fell.’

Dora Solomon

34

209

k’ʷilidəxʷ k’ʷili–d=axʷ peer–ICS=now

‘She peers (down the hole she has made).’ 35

šuucəxʷ šuɬ–c=axʷ see–ALTV=now

‘She looks.’ 36

gʷiidəxʷ tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷi–t=axʷ tsiʔiɬ invite–ICS=now DIST:FEM

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘She calls to her younger sister,’ 37

ʔəƛ’a, šuuc ʔəƛ’a come.to

šuɬ–c see–ALTV

‘ “Come here! Look at it!’ 38

tudiʔ gʷəd, diɬ dəxʷtul’ʔa čəɬ tudiʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd tudiʔ gʷəd DIST.DMA down

diɬ

dəxʷ=tul’–ʔa

FOC

ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there

čəɬ tudiʔ gʷəd 1PL.PO DIST.DMA down

swatixʷtəd country

‘ “Way down – that is where we are from, that world way down (there).’ 39

ɬuʔux̌ʷ čəd [čəda] ɬubəlkʷ ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=go

čəd 1SG.SUB

čəda 1SG.COORD

ɬu=bəlkʷ IRR=return

‘ “I’m going to go, I’m going to go back.’ 40

ɬukʷaxʷac čəxʷ ɬu=kʷaxʷa–t–s čəxʷ IRR=help–ICS–1SG.OBJ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You will help me.’

210

41

Star Child

ɬuqiʔixʷ čəɬ ɬu=qiʔixʷ IRR=make.rope

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We will make a rope out of it.” ’ 42

You know that cedar limb

43

ɬuqiʔixʷ čəɬ ɬu=qiʔixʷ IRR=make.rope

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We will make a rope out of it.” ’ 44

tukʷədadəxʷ tiʔiɬə əlgʷəʔ tu=kʷəda–t PAST=taken–ICS

tiʔiɬə əlgʷəʔ DIST

PL

‘They took it.’ 45

gʷəl tuqiʔqʷədaˑxʷ gʷəl

tu=qiʔqʷəd=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=braid=now

‘And they made it into rope.’ 46

tupukʷəbəd tu=pukʷəb–t PAST=piled.up–ICS

‘They piled it up.’ 47

taspukʷəbəxʷ tu=ʔas–pukʷəb=axʷ PAST=STAT–piled.up=now

‘It was in a pile.’ 48

gʷəl tucuuc tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl

tu=cut–c

SCONJ

PAST=say–ALTV

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘And she said to her younger sister,’

Dora Solomon

49

211

haʔɬ siʔəxʷ kʷədaʔ ƛ’ub tiʔəʔ gʷəɬaʔəd dxʷgʷəd haʔɬ good

siʔ=axʷ kʷədaʔ here=now PTCL

ƛ’ub well

tiʔəʔ

gʷə=ɬaʔ–t

dxʷ–gʷəd

PROX

SBJ=arrive–ICS

CNTRPT–down

‘ “It would be better to go down here.’ 50

kʷaxʷacəxʷ kʷaxʷa–t–s=axʷ help–ICS–1SG.OBJ=now

‘ “Help me!’ 51

ɬux̌əqcut čəd čxʷa ɬukʷaʔəc ɬu=x̌q–t–sut IRR=wrapped–ICS–REFL

čəd 1SG.SUB

čxʷa 2SG.COORD

ɬu=kʷaʔ–t–s IRR=released–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “I’ll wrap it around me and you let me go.” ’ 52

x̌əqcutəxʷ x̌q–t–sut=axʷ wrapped–ICS–REFL=now

‘She wraps it around herself.’ 53

huy, tuʔəƛ’axʷ huy SCONJ

tu=ʔəƛ’a=axʷ PAST=come.to=now

‘So she came here.’ 54

tupixʷilcut tu=pixʷ–il–t–sut PAST=fallen–INCH–ICS–REFL

‘She came down.’ 55

cuucəxʷ tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘She said to her younger sister,’

212

56

Star Child

hiwil čəd ɬuɬaʔ dxʷʔal tudiʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd čəda ɬutx̌ʷud tiʔəʔ x̌ʷiləb ʔə kʷi buusaɬ čxʷa ɬukʷaʔəd hiwil go.ahead

čəd ɬu=ɬaʔ dxʷ–ʔal tudiʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd 1SG.SUB IRR=arrive CNTRPT–at DIST.DMA down country

čəda ɬu=tx̌ʷu–t 1SG.COORD IRR=pull–ICS čxʷa 2SG.COORD

tiʔəʔ PROX

x̌ʷiləb ʔə kʷi rope PR REM

buus•aɬ four•CLS

ɬu=kʷaʔ–t IRR=released–ICS

‘ “I’ll go ahead and arrive at that country, I will pull on the thread four times and you will release it.” ’ 57

hay, ɬaʔəxʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd hay SCONJ

ɬaʔ=axʷ arrive=now

dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRPT–at PROX

swatixʷtəd country

‘So she comes to the land.’ 58

tutx̌ʷudəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ buusaɬ tu=tx̌ʷu–t=axʷ tiʔiɬ ʔə PAST=pull–ICS=now DIST PR

‘She pulled four times.’ 59

gʷəl tuqadacut gʷəl SCONJ

tu=qada–t–sut PAST=back.up–ICS–REFL

‘And she backed up.’ 60

tuwačəd tu=wač–t PAST=watch–ICS

‘She watched.’ 61

šuuc šuɬ–c see–ALTV

‘She looks at (her sister).’

tiʔiɬ buus•aɬ DIST four•CLS

Dora Solomon

62

213

ləpukʷəb tiʔiɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔəƛ’saxʷ, spixʷilsəxʷ tiʔiɬ dəxʷx̌ʷilbs … lə=pukʷəb tiʔiɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ PROG=piled.up DIST PR DIST

s=ʔəƛ’=s=axʷ NM=come=3PO=now

s=pixʷ–il=s=axʷ tiʔiɬ NM=fallen–INCH=3PO=now DIST

dəxʷ=x̌ʷilb=s NM=thread=3PO

‘It is piling up as she is coming down on the thread.’ 63

stab əw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’usdaʔati tiʔiɬə stab what

əw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=s=daʔa–t–id DIST HAB=NM=named–ICS–PASS.SBRD

PTCL

tiʔiɬə DIST

‘What was that called?’ 64

stidgʷəd stidgʷəd cedar.withes

VH: ‘Cedar withes.’ 65

DS: Ah?

66

stidgʷəd stidgʷəd cedar.withes

VH: ‘Cedar withes.’ 67

… tul’ʔal stidgʷəd, you know, tusčəɬs əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷiləb tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at

stidgʷəd you cedar.withes you

know know

tu=s=čəɬ=s PAST=NM=make=3PO

əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷiləb rope

PL

DS: ‘... out of cedar withes, you know, what they make rope out of.’ 68

ləpukʷəbəd ləʔistaʔb ʔə tiʔəʔ lə=pukʷəb–t lə=ʔistaʔ–b ʔə PROG=piled.up–ICS PROG=be.like–MD PR

‘She is piling it up like that.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

214

69

Star Child

gʷəl tililəb ləhuyil č’ƛ’aʔ gʷəl

til–iləb

lə=huyu–il

SCONJ

INTNS–immediately

PROG=made–INCH

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

‘And suddenly it is becoming stone.’ 70

gʷəl ʔal tudiʔ ʔal kʷsi little creek t’aq’tylus ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal Clear Lake gʷəl

ʔal tudiʔ ʔal kʷsi little creek t’aq’t•y•alus ʔə tiʔəʔ at DIST.DMA at REM:FEM little creek inland•CNN•eye PR PROX

SCONJ

ʔal at

Clear Clear

Lake Lake

‘And it is there at the little creek at the upper end of Clear Lake there.’ 71

ʔa tsiʔiɬ č’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷiləb ʔa be.there

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

x̌ʷiləb rope

‘There is the stone rope.’ 72

diɬ dəxʷʔas kʷi tudəxʷbəčs ʔal kʷi tudəxʷpixilcuts diɬ

dəxʷ=ʔa=s

kʷi

tu=dəxʷ=bəča=s

FOC

ADNM=be.there=3PO

REM

PAST=ADNM=fall=3PO

ʔal kʷi at REM

tu=dəxʷ=pix–il–t–sut=s PAST=ADNM=fallen.off–INCH–ICS–REFL=3PO

‘There is where she landed when she got herself down.’ 73

gʷəl tasdᶻidᶻihiʔəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bədaʔsəxʷ, sɬukʷalb gʷəl

tu=ʔas–dᶻidᶻihiʔ=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=STAT–pregnant=now

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

bədaʔ–s=axʷ sɬukʷalb offspring–3PO=now moon

‘And she was pregnant with her son, Moon.’ 74

tuɬaʔəxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd tu=ɬaʔ=axʷ ʔal PAST=arrive=now at

tiʔəʔ PROX

gʷəd down

‘She arrived in the lower world.’

swatixʷtəd country

Dora Solomon

75

215

gʷəl tunobody to talk to gʷəl

tu=nobody

SCONJ

PAST=nobody

to to

talk talk

to to

‘There was nobody to talk to.’ 76

tucuucəxʷ tsiʔiɬ in her own tu=cut–c=axʷ tsiʔiɬ PAST=say–ALTV=now DIST:FEM

in in

her own her own

‘To speak to her in her own (language).’ 77

gʷatəxʷ kʷi ɬudsʔiɬugʷadadgʷad gʷat=axʷ who=now

kʷi

ɬu=d=s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad

REM

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk

‘ “Who will I converse with?’ 78

gʷatəxʷ kʷi ɬudsq’ʷuʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ gʷat=axʷ kʷi who=now REM

ɬu=d=s=q’ʷuʔ IRR=1SG.PO=NM=gathered

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘ “Who will I get together with here?’ 79

xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷədiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

gʷat who

gʷə=diʔəʔ SBJ=here

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘ “There is no one here in this place.” ’ 80

ʔəskiis ʔas–kiis STAT–stand

‘She is standing there.’ 81

diʔɬ kʷi sgʷəgʷaʔtubs ʔə kʷədiʔ ʔugʷəgʷaʔtxʷ diʔɬ kʷi suddenly REM

s=gʷə–gʷaʔ–txʷ–b=s NM=ATTN–accompanied–ECS–PASS=3PO

ʔə kʷədiʔ PR REM.DMA

ʔu–gʷə–gʷaʔ–txʷ PFV–ATTN–accompany–ECS

‘Suddenly she is joined by the one who accompanied her.’

216

82

Star Child

ʔibəš čxʷa gʷəč’əd kʷi luˑƛ’ p’q’ac qʷəɬayʔ čxʷa q’pud ʔibəš čxʷa gʷəč’–t kʷi luƛ’ p’q’ac qʷəɬayʔ čxʷa travel 2SG.COORD search–ICS REM old rotten.wood stick 2SG.COORD q’pu–t gathered–ICS

‘ “Go and look for old rotten logs and gather them up!’ 83

pukʷəbəd čxʷa dᶻubud pukʷəb–t piled.up–ICS

čxʷa dᶻubu–t 2SG.COORD kick–ICS

‘ “Pile it up and kick it!’ 84

buusaɬ kʷ(i) adsdᶻubud buus•aɬ four•CLS

kʷi

ad=s=dᶻubu–t 2SG.PO=NM=kick–ICS

REM

‘ “Kick it four times!’ 85

buusaɬ kʷ(i) adsdᶻubud buus•aɬ four•CLS

kʷi REM

ad=s=dᶻubu–t 2SG.PO=NM=kick–ICS

‘ “Kick it four times!” ’ 86

haw’ haw’ INTJ

‘So now.’ 87

dᶻubud dəxʷʔa t’x̌abid dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there

t’x̌abid step.over

‘She kicks it there where she steps over it.’ 88

gʷəl t’x̌abid gʷəl SCONJ

t’x̌abid step.over

‘And she steps over it.’

Dora Solomon

89

217

dᶻubud gʷəl t’x̌abid dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

gʷəl SCONJ

t’x̌abid step.over

‘She kicks it and steps over it.’ 90

dᶻubud gʷəl t’x̌abid dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

gʷəl SCONJ

t’x̌abid step.over

‘She kicks it and steps over it.’ 91

buusaɬ buus•aɬ four•CLS

‘Four times.’ 92

tiˑləb ʔugʷədil tiləb immediately

ʔu–gʷəd–il PFV–down–INCH

‘Right away, it sits up.’ 93

luˑƛ’ ʔaciɬtabixʷ luƛ’ old

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘It is an old person.’ 94

luƛ’ sɬadəyʔ luƛ’ old

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘It is an old lady.’ 95

cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s

DIST

NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO

‘She is spoken to by the one who converses with her.’

218

96

Star Child

xʷiʔ gʷəsəsaydxʷs čad tiʔiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO

čad where

tiʔiɬ DIST

s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO

‘She does not know where the one who conversed with her is.’ 97

The Great Spirit

98

diɬ ɬadʔaladᶻɬəd ʔal kʷi ɬadbədaʔ diɬ

ɬu=ad=s=ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ–t

FOC

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=care.for•child–ICS

ʔal kʷi ɬu=ad–bədaʔ at REM IRR=2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “This is the one who will care for your child.’ 99

ɬux̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔəd čəxʷ ɬu=x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t čəxʷ IRR=DSTR–taboo–ICS 2SG.SUB

‘ “You will forbid her.’ 100 xʷiʔ kʷi suǰəctxʷs kʷi gʷəɬ [stubš] saʔliʔɬ xʷiʔ kʷi

s=ʔu–ǰəc–txʷ=s

kʷi

gʷəɬ

NEG

NM=PFV–useful–ECS=3PO

REM

ASSC

REM

stubš s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ man NM=good•child

‘ “She will not use man’s speech to soothe the child.’ 101 x̌ʷul’ gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ saʔliʔɬ kʷi ɬusuhaʔliʔɬs x̌ʷul’ gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ only ASSC woman NM=good•child

kʷi

ɬu=s=ʔu–haʔɬ•iʔɬ=s

REM

IRR=NM=PFV–good•child=3PO

‘ “She will only use woman’s speech to soothe the child.’ 102 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsaʔliʔɬ ʔə kʷi gʷəɬ stubš xʷiʔ kʷi NEG

REM

ad=s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ 2SG.PO=NM=good•child

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

gʷəɬ stubš man

ASSC

‘ “You will not soothe the child as a male.” ’ 103 yəx̌i kʷi tuhaʔkʷ tuʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ saʔliʔɬ gʷəsɬadəyʔəs kʷ(i) adbədaʔ yəx̌i kʷi tu=haʔkʷ tu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ because REM PAST=long.time PAST=people be.there REM ASSC woman

Dora Solomon

219

s–haʔɬ•iʔɬ NP–good•child

gʷə=sɬadəyʔ=as SBJ=woman=3SBRD

kʷi REM

ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

‘Because long ago the people had female soothing if the child was a female.’ 104 gʷəl ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ stubš saʔliʔɬ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ stubš be.there REM ASSC man

s–haʔɬ•iʔɬ NP–good•child

‘And there was soothing for a male.’ 105 diɬəxʷ tusx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəbs ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads diɬ=axʷ tu=s=x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b=s ʔə tiʔiɬ FOC=now PAST=NM=DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS=3PO PR DIST s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO

‘Thus she was forbidden by the one who conversed with her.’ 106 hay, x̌ʷul’əxʷ tuʔaɬ kʷi tusuluƛ’ils tiʔiɬ bədaʔs hay SCONJ

x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

tu=ʔaɬ

kʷi

tu=s=ʔu–luƛ’–il=s

PAST=fast

REM

PAST=NM=PFV–old–INCH=3PO

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

‘So, her child grew up quickly,’ 107 diɬ kʷi sgʷəšəbads diɬ

kʷi

s=gʷəšəbad=s

FOC

REM

NM=disappear=3PO

‘It is thus that he disappears.’ 108 tuhilitəb ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads tu=hili–t–b ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ PAST=command–ICS–PASS PR DIST s/he s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO

‘She was commanded by the one who conversed with her.’

220

Star Child

109 huyud kʷ(i) adx̌ʷaqʷabac čxʷa ʔəsx̌ʷaqʷabac ɬugʷəč’aʔəbəxʷ ʔə kʷi skʷiʔxʷ huyu–t kʷi ad–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac čxʷa ʔas–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac made–ICS REM 2SG.PO–bound•body 2SG.COORD STAT–bound•body ɬu=gʷəč’aʔ–b=axʷ ʔə kʷi skʷiʔxʷ IRR=try.to.find–CSMD=now PR REM bracken.fern.root

‘ “Make your belt and wrap it around your waist and try to find bracken fern!” ’ 110 huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ x̌ʷaqʷabacs huyu–t=axʷ made–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

x̌ʷaqʷ•abac–s bound•body–3PO

‘She makes her belt.’ 111 gʷəl tasx̌ʷaqʷabac gʷəl

tu=ʔas–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac

SCONJ

PAST=STAT–bound•body

‘She wrapped it around her waist.’ 112 cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST

‘She is told by him,’ 113 yəw’il gʷət’əq’ʷ tiʔiɬ adx̌ʷaqʷabac yəw’il gʷə=t’q’ʷu tiʔiɬ if SBJ=snap.in.two DIST

ad–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac 2SG.PO–bound•body

‘ “If your belt snaps in two,’ 114 gʷəl diɬ sʔa kʷi ɬusʔəx̌id ʔə tiʔiɬ adbədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ

diɬ s=ʔa kʷi ɬu=s=ʔəx̌id ʔə tiʔiɬ NM=be.there REM IRR=NM=what.happened PR DIST

FOC

ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “And what will happen to your son will have happened.’

Dora Solomon

221

115 ɬut’alx̌ʷəb tiʔiɬ adbədaʔ ɬu=t’alx̌ʷ–b IRR=drop.baby–MD

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “Your son will be lost.” ’ 116 diʔɬ tiʔiɬ st’əq’ʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ x̌ʷaqʷabacəds diʔɬ tiʔiɬ s=t’q’ʷu ʔə suddenly DIST NM=snapped PR

tiʔiɬ

s=x̌ʷaqʷ•abac–t=s

DIST

NM=bound•body–ICS=3PO

‘Suddenly what she has wrapped about her waist snaps.’ 117 tililəb ʔuʔux̌ʷ til–iləb INTNS–immediately

ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go

‘Right away she goes.’ 118 təlawil təlawil jump

‘She runs.’ 119 ʔuʔux̌ʷ u–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go

‘She goes.’ 120 ʔušuuc tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ ʔəsʔaladᶻɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ bədaʔs ʔu–šuɬ–c tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ PFV–see–ALTV DIST:FEM old

ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ STAT–care.for•child

ʔə tiʔiɬ bədaʔ–s PR DIST offspring–3PO

‘She sees the old woman who is babysitting her child.’ 121 xʷiʔəxʷ tiʔiɬ sqaqagʷəɬ, baby xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

sqaqagʷəɬ young.noble

‘The child is not there.’

baby baby

222

Star Child

122 gʷəl ƛ’uləgʷax̌ʷ tiʔəʔ bəbuʔs sɬəɬadəyʔ tul’ʔal kʷi sʔaɬx̌adax̌ad gʷəl

ƛ’u=lə=gʷax̌ʷ

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

HAB=PROG=walk

PROX

bəbuʔs sɬə–ɬadəyʔ tul’–ʔal four:HMN PL–woman CNTRFG–at

kʷi REM

s=ʔaɬx̌ad•ax̌ad NM=downstream•side

‘So then these four women from downstream had been walking by.’ 123 ləgʷəč’əb ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ lə=gʷəč’–b PROG=search–CSMD

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘They are looking for people.’ 124 yəx̌i tux̌alaʔ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal kʷi dᶻixʷ tushuys tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd yəx̌i tu=x̌alaʔ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ because PAST=scarce REM people tu=s=huyu=s

tiʔəʔ

PAST=NM=made=3PO

PROX

ʔal kʷi dᶻixʷ at REM first

swatixʷtəd country

‘Because people were scarce when the land was first made.’ 125 gʷəgʷadədəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬt’isuʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ’uləgʷax̌ʷ gʷəgʷadəd=axʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬ–t’isuʔ ʔə reply=now PROX:FEM PRTV–younger PR

tiʔəʔ

ƛ’u=lə=gʷax̌ʷ

PROX

HAB=PROG=walk

‘She replied to the younger women as they go by.’ 126 ƛ’ušuuc əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ ƛ’u=šuɬ–c HAB=see–ALTV

əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ PL DIST:FEM old

‘They look over the old woman.’ 127 gʷəl ƛ’uwiliq’ʷid gʷəl

ƛ’u=wiliq’ʷi–t

SCONJ

HAB=ask–ICS

‘They questioned her.’

Dora Solomon

223

128 stab tiʔiɬ adsəskʷədiʔɬ stab what

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad=s=ʔas–kʷəd•iʔɬ 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–taken•child

‘ “What is that child you are holding?’ 129 sɬadəyʔ, sɬadəyʔ sɬadəyʔ woman

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘ “Woman, woman.’ 130 kʷaʔ stubš tiʔiɬ kʷaʔ stubš tiʔiɬ PTCL man DIST

‘ “Perhaps it is a boy?” ’ 131 gʷəl tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬt’isuʔ gʷəl ƛ’uləqdxʷ tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ gʷəl

tsiʔəʔ

ʔiɬ–t’isuʔ

SCONJ

PROX:FEM

PRTV–younger SCONJ

gʷəl

ƛ’u=ləq–dxʷ

tsiʔiɬ

HAB=listen–DC

DIST:FEM

luƛ’ old

‘As for the younger one, she had overheard the old woman.’ 132 gʷəɬ [stubš] saʔliʔɬ tiʔiɬ ƛ’usaʔliʔɬs gʷəɬ ASSC

stubš man

s–haʔɬ•iʔɬ

tiʔiɬ

ƛ’u=s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ=s

NP–good•child

DIST

HAB=NM=good•child=3PO

‘The way she was soothing the child was the way male children are soothed.’ 133 cuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ [dxʷ]sqatəds cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

dxʷsqatəd–s older.sibling–3PO

‘She says to her older sister,’ 134 ʔəx̌id həw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’udəxʷuǰəctxʷs tiʔiɬ gʷəɬ stubš saʔliʔɬ ʔəx̌id həw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=dəxʷ=ʔu–ǰəc–txʷ=s tiʔiɬ gʷəɬ stubš what.happen PTCL DIST HAB=ADNM=PFV–useful–ECS=3PO DIST ASSC man s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ NM=good•child

‘ “Why is she soothing it like a male child?” ’

224

Star Child

135 gʷəl ləcucut gʷəl

lə=cut–cut

SCONJ

PROG=DSTR–say

‘And she is saying,’ 136 stubš tiʔiɬ suhaʔliʔɬs stubš tiʔiɬ man DIST

s=ʔu–haʔɬ•iʔɬ=s NM=PFV–good•child=3PO

‘ “The one she is soothing is a boy.” ’ 137 huy ʔux̌ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then she goes.’ 138 gʷəl šuucəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl SCONJ

šuɬ–c–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ see–ALTV–PASS=now DIST

‘And she looks at him.’ 139 haydxʷ əlgʷəʔ stubš tiʔiɬ luƛ’ hay–dxʷ known–DC

əlgʷəʔ stubš man

PL

tiʔiɬ DIST

luƛ’ old

‘The older (woman) knows that he is a boy.’ 140 hay ɬik’ʷitəbəxʷ hay SCONJ

ɬik’ʷi–t–b=axʷ hooked–ICS–PASS=now

‘So he is kidnapped.’ 141 ɬik’ʷitəb dxʷʔaɬx̌adax̌ad ɬik’ʷi–t–b hooked–ICS–PASS

dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ax̌ad CNTRPT–downstream•side

‘He is taken downstream.’

Dora Solomon

225

142 t’əq’ʷ tiʔiɬ x̌ʷaqʷabac t’q’ʷu snapped

tiʔiɬ DIST

x̌ʷaqʷ•abac bound•body

‘What is wrapped around her waist broke.’ 143 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷc tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–c go–ALTV

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

luƛ’ old

‘And she goes to the old woman.’ 144 gʷəl wiliq’ʷid gʷəl SCONJ

wiliq’ʷi–t ask–ICS

‘She asks her,’ 145 čadəxʷ t(i) adʔibac čad=axʷ ti where=now SPEC

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “Where is your grandchild?” ’ 146 ʔuˑ, ʔukʷədatəb ʔə tiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔu INTJ

ʔu–kʷəda–t–b ʔə PFV–taken–ICS–PASS PR

tiʔiɬ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

DIST

PL–woman

‘ “Oh, he was taken by the women.’ 147 bəbuʔs ƛ’ugʷax̌ʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ bəbuʔs four:HMN

ƛ’u=gʷax̌ʷ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

HAB=walk

PL–woman

‘ “There were four women walking.’ 148 gʷəč’əb ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəč’–b ʔə search–CSMD PR

kʷi REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “They were looking for people.” ’

226

Star Child

149 x̌iciləxʷ x̌icil=axʷ angry=now

‘She gets angry.’ 150 gʷəl dᶻubud tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ

dᶻubu–t kick–ICS

tsiʔiɬ

luƛ’ old

DIST:FEM

‘She kicks the old woman.’ 151 tiləb ʔuhuyil p’q’ac tiʔiɬ sdᶻubuds tiləb immediately

ʔu–huyu–il PFV–made–INCH

p’q’ac tiʔiɬ s=dᶻubu–t=s rotten.wood DIST NM=kick–ICS=3PO

‘Right away the one she kicked became rotten wood.’ 152 huy gʷəgʷaʔtubəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ ƛ’ugʷadadgʷatxʷ huy SCONJ

gʷə=gʷaʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ SBJ=accompany–ECS–PASS=now PR DIST s/he

ƛ’u=gʷad–ad–gʷad–txʷ HAB=DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk–ECS

‘Then she is taken by the one who converses with her.’ 153 The Great Spirit 154 ʔuˑ, x̌aʔx̌aʔ tiʔiɬ adshuyud ʔu INTJ

x̌aʔx̌aʔ powers

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad=s=huyu–t 2SG.PO=NM=made–ICS

‘ “Oh, what you have done is taboo.’ 155 Now ɬuləʔatəbədəxʷ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ, baby and all now now

ɬu=lə=ʔatəbəd=axʷ kʷi IRR=PROG=die=now

REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “Now the people will die, baby and all.’

baby and baby and

all all

Dora Solomon

227

156 yəw’il xʷiʔ kʷi tadshuyud yəw’il xʷiʔ if NEG

kʷi

tu=ad=s=huyu–t

REM

PAST=2SG.PO=NM=made–ICS

‘ “If only you hadn’t done it.’ 157 xʷiʔ tsiʔiɬə xʷiʔ

tsiʔiɬə

NEG

DIST:FEM

‘ “Not her.’ 158 gʷəl gʷəƛ’uluƛ’əb kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəl

gʷə=ƛ’u=luƛ’–b

kʷi

SCONJ

SBJ=HAB=old–MD

REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “Then the people would have grown old.’ 159 gʷəl … you destroyed her now gʷəl SCONJ

you you

destroyed destroyed

her her

now now

‘ “And now you destroyed her.’ 160 č’ač’as and old will die now č’ač’as and child and

old old

will will

die die

now now

‘ “The young and old will die now.” ’ 161 Well, tukʷədadəxʷ tiʔiɬ tuscəyikʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ bədaʔs well well

tu=kʷəda–t PAST=taken–ICS

tiʔiɬ tu=scəyikʷ PAST=diaper

DIST

ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST

bədaʔ–s Offspring–3PO

‘Well, she took the diaper of her child.’ 162 gʷəl tuk’ʷit’əxʷ dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ gʷəl

tu=k’ʷit’=axʷ

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

PAST=shoreward=now

CNTRPT–at

DIST

‘And she went down to the river bank.’

stuləkʷ river

228

Star Child

163 gʷəl tuc’agʷš, you know gʷəl

tu=c’aʔkʷ–š

SCONJ

PAST=washed–ICS

you you

know know

‘And she washed it, you know.’ 164 c’agʷš like that c’aʔkʷ–š like that washed–ICS like that

‘She washes it like that.’ 165 kʷədadəxʷ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

‘She takes it.’ 166 gʷəl tup’ic’idəxʷ gʷəl

tu=p’ic’i–t=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=wrung–ICS=now

‘She wrung it out.’ 167 tiləb ʔugʷəč’iq’əd tiʔiɬ tiləb ʔu–gʷəč’•iq’–d immediately PFV–search•??–ICS

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘Right away, she finds him.’ 168 wiˑʔ, x̌ʷul’əxʷ čəd ɬusp’ic’ikʷ wiʔ x̌ʷul’=axʷ holler only=now

čəd ɬu=sp’ic’ikʷ 1SG.SUB IRR=Diaper.Child

‘She yells, “I will have a diaper child.” ’ 169 That’s sp’ic’ikʷ now that’s that’s

sp’ic’ikʷ now Diaper.Child now

‘That’s Diaper Child now.’

Dora Solomon

229

170 tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl ƛ’ax̌ʷ x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ’usušəqcut ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬukʷaɬ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl ƛ’ax̌ʷ x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔəʔ PROX Diaper.Child SCONJ grow same.way PR PROX ƛ’u=s=ʔu–šq–t–sut HAB=NM=PFV–high–ICS–REFL

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

sɬukʷaɬ sun

‘Diaper Child, he grows up and it seems that he lifts himself up high as the sun.’ 171 yəx̌i tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl diɬ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷaɬ yəx̌i tiʔəʔ because PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

gʷəl

diɬ

SCONJ

FOC

tiʔəʔ sɬukʷaɬ sun

PROX

‘Because Diaper Child is the one who is the sun.’ 172 tucutəxʷ tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuy ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ tu=cut=axʷ tsiʔiɬ PAST=say=now DIST:FEM

sk’ʷuy mother

ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PR Diaper.Child

‘The mother of Diaper Child said,’ 173 xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi ɬudsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔə kʷi skʷiʔxʷ xʷiʔ=axʷ kʷi ɬu=d=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ NEG=now REM IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root

‘ “Now I will not have to gather bracken fern.’ 174 ɬuhuyudəxʷ čəd kʷi ƛ’aʔtəd čəda ɬuʔuxʷiʔxʷiʔəxʷ ʔə kʷi sʔuladxʷ ɬu=huyu–t=axʷ čəd kʷi ƛ’aʔtəd čəda IRR=made–ICS=now 1SG.SUB REM salmon.trap 1SG.COORD ɬu=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ=axʷ IRR=PFV–hunt=now

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

sʔuladxʷ salmon

‘ “I will make a salmon trap now and I will catch salmon.” ’ 175 yəx̌i tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab k’aʔk’aʔk’aʔ, bək’ʷ stab ʔəstagʷəxʷ yəx̌i tiʔəʔ because PROX

bək’ʷ stab all what

k’aʔ–k’aʔk’aʔ bək’ʷ all

DSTR–crow

‘Because all of the Crows and everyone are hungry.’

stab what

ʔas–tagʷəxʷ STAT–hungry

230

Star Child

176 xʷiʔ gʷəsʔəɬəds xʷiʔ

gʷə=sʔəɬəd–s

NEG

SBJ=food–3PO

‘They have no food.’ 177 ɬuʔuləx̌əxʷ čəd ʔə kʷi sʔuladxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=ʔuləx̌=axʷ čəd ʔə IRR=gather=now 1SG.SUB PR

kʷi REM

sʔuladxʷ salmon

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘ “I will catch salmon there.” ’ 178 diɬəxʷ tudəxʷəsq’ʷuʔbitidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab, tiʔəʔ qaw’qs, tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ, tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad, tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab diɬ=axʷ tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–q’ʷuʔ–bi–t–id=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ FOC=now PAST=ADNM=STAT–gathered–MAP–ICS–PASS.SBRD=now PR PROX bək’ʷ stab tiʔəʔ all what PROX tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

tiʔəʔ PROX

k’aʔk’aʔ tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad crow PROX magpie

bək’ʷ stab all what

‘That is why everyone was gathered together – Raven, Crow, Magpie, everyone.’ 179 diɬəxʷ taxʷcutəb əlgʷəʔ caadiɬ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ diɬ=axʷ tu=ʔas–dxʷ–cut–ab əlgʷəʔ caadiɬ FOC=now PAST=STAT–CTD–speak–DSD PL they

kʷi REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘That is what the people thought.’ 180 yəx̌i tašuucəb əlgʷəʔ ʔə tsi sk’ʷuy ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ yəx̌i because

tu=ʔas–šuɬ–c–b PAST=STAT–see–ALTV–PASS

əlgʷəʔ ʔə tsi sk’ʷuy ʔə PL PR SPEC:FEM mother PR

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Because they were looked after by the mother of Diaper Child.’ 181 gʷəl tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl x̌ʷul’ k’ʷid sləx̌il gʷəl luƛ’əxʷ stubš gʷəl

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl x̌ʷul’ k’ʷid sləx̌–il gʷəl Diaper.Child SCONJ only how.much daylight–INCH SCONJ

Dora Solomon

231

luƛ’=axʷ stubš old=now man

‘As for Diaper Child, it is not many days (before) he grows into a man.’ 182 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tušƛ’ap ʔə kʷi sčəbid ƛ’u=tu=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ HAB=PAST=PFV–go=now

ƛ’u=tu=šƛ’•ap HAB=PAST=scorch•bottom

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

sčəbid Douglas.fir

‘He went to fell fir trees by burning their base.’ 183 ƛ’ušƛ’aps you know huds ƛ’u=s=šƛ’•ap=s HAB=NM=scorch•bottom=3PO

you you

know know

with with

hud–s burn–3PO

‘He’d fell them you know, with fire.’ 184 huyəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔal ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ, ʔalʔal ʔə kʷsi sk’ʷuys huyu=axʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔal made=now PROX house kʷsi REM:FEM

ʔə PR

sp’ic’ikʷ ʔalʔal ʔə Diaper.Child house PR

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

‘He makes Diaper Child’s house, the house of Diaper Child’s mother.’ 185 gʷəl ʔal kʷi ƛ’usʔas, ƛ’usušƛ’ap[s] tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal kʷi at REM

tiʔəʔ PROX

ƛ’u=s=ʔa=s

ƛ’u=s=ʔu–šƛ’•ap=s

HAB=NM=be.there=3PO

HAB=NM=PFV–scorch•bottom=3PO

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘And it was there that Diaper Child was felling trees.’ 186 gʷəl ƛ’ut’ilib ʔə tiʔəʔ sx̌aabs gʷəl

ƛ’u=t’ilib

SCONJ

HAB=sing

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

s=x̌aab=s

PROX

NM=cry=3PO

‘And she would sing when he cried.’ 187 gʷəl tiʔəʔ tuɬiq’ʷtəb sqas gʷəl

tiʔəʔ

tu=ɬiq’ʷ–t–b

SCONJ

PROX

HAB=hooked–ICS–PASS

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

‘And as for his kidnapped older brother,’

232

Star Child

188 gʷəl ƛ’al’ ƛ’ubasʔistaʔ kʷi tuƛ’ax̌ʷs ʔaɬ gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’al’ ƛ’u=bə=ʔas–ʔistaʔ also HAB=ADD=STAT–be.like

kʷi

tu=ƛ’ax̌ʷ=s

REM

PAST=grow=3PO

‘Well, it was also like that that he grew up fast.’ 189 tasx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ʔas–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ PAST=STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

‘He was forbidden by the women.’ 190 yəw’il čəxʷ q’iƛ’dxʷ kʷi tatačulbixʷ yəw’il if

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

q’iƛ’–dxʷ kʷi tatačulbixʷ wounded–DC REM big.game.animal

‘ “If you wound game.’ 191 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsčalad gʷəʔux̌ʷəs south xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=čala–t gʷə=ʔux̌ʷ=as 2SG.PO=NM=chased–ICS SBJ=go=3SBRD

‘ “Do not chase them if they go south!’ 192 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsčalad xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=čala–t 2SG.PO=NM=chased–ICS

‘ “Do not chase them!’ 193 kʷaʔəd kʷaʔ–t released–ICS

‘ “Let them go!” ’ 194 huy dxʷscutəbəxʷ huy SCONJ

dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ CTD–say–DSD=now

‘Then he thinks,’

south south

ʔaɬ fast

Dora Solomon

233

195 ʔuˑ, stab əw’ə kʷi tudəxʷəsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔcs əlgʷəʔ gʷəčaladəd kʷi tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔal kʷi south ʔu

stab what

INTJ

əw’ə kʷi

tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–s=s

əlgʷəʔ

PTCL

PAST=NM=STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS–1SG.OBJ=3PO

PL

REM

gʷə=čala–t=ad SBJ=chased–ICS=1SG.SBRD kʷi REM

kʷi REM

tatačulbixʷ dxʷ–ʔal big.game.animal CNTRPT–at

south south

‘ “Oh, for what reason did they forbid me to chase game towards the south?” ’ 196 You know, stəgʷaaq’ʷ, čadəs kʷi gʷadscuuc you you

know know

stəgʷaaq’ʷ čad=as kʷi gʷə=ad=s=cut–c south.wind where=3SBRD REM SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=say–ALTV

‘You know, the south wind, where you were saying.’ 197 huy, čaladəxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd huy SCONJ

čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

kʷagʷičəd elk

‘Well, he chases an elk.’ 198 t’uc’ud tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd t’uc’u–t shot–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

kʷagʷičəd elk

‘He shoots an elk.’ 199 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsʔatəbəds gʷəl

xʷiʔ

SCONJ

NEG

gʷə=s=ʔatəbəd=s SBJ=NM=die=3PO

‘And it doesn’t die.’ 200 ʔuˑ təlawiləxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd ʔu INTJ

təlawil=axʷ run=now

‘Oh, the elk runs.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

kʷagʷičəd elk

234

Star Child

201 čaˑladəxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

kʷagʷičəd elk

‘He chases the elk.’ 202 siˑ lədxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ, sušƛ’ap ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ kʷi suʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd si lə=dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə right.there PROG=CNTRFG–at PROX ADNM=be.there PR s=ʔu–šƛ’•ap NM=PFV–scorch•bottom

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ kʷi s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ ʔə PR Diaper.Child REM NM=PFV–go PR

tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd PROX elk

‘Right to where Diaper Child is, the elk heads right for where Diaper Child is falling trees.’ 203 x̌ʷul’ ʔušudxʷ tiʔiɬə x̌ʷul’ only

ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ PFV–see–DC

tiʔiɬə DIST

‘He just catches sight of it.’ 204 gʷəl gʷəƛ’əladxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd gʷəl SCONJ

gʷəƛ’əla–dxʷ tiʔəʔ stopped–DC PROX

‘And the elk stops.’ 205 gʷəl ʔəsɬaq’əxʷ gʷəl

ʔas–ɬaq’a=axʷ

SCONJ

STAT–fallen=now

‘And it has fallen now.’ 206 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘And he goes.’

kʷagʷičəd elk

Dora Solomon

235

207 gʷəl gʷadadgʷadəxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl

gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now DIST

tiʔiɬ

‘And (the older brother) speaks to him.’ 208 ʔəsčal əw’ə tiʔiɬ adsut’ilib ʔas–čal əw’ə STAT–how PTCL

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad=s=ʔu–t’ilib 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing

‘ “How does your song go?” ’ 209 wiliq’ʷid wiliq’ʷi–t ask–ICS

‘He is questioned.’ 210 ʔəsčal əw’ə tiʔiɬ adsut’ilib ʔas–čal əw’ə STAT–how PTCL

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad=s=ʔu–t’ilib 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing

‘ “How does your song go?” ’ 211 ʔuˑ ƛ’ucuucəb čəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ dsk’ʷuy ʔu INTJ

ƛ’u=cut–c–b čəd ʔə HAB=say–ALTV–PASS 1SG.SUB PR

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

d–sk’ʷuy 1SG.PO–mother

‘ “Oh, I was told by my mother.’ 212 ʔa kʷi tudsqa ʔa be.there

kʷi

tu=d–sqa

REM

PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother

‘ “I had a brother.’ 213 tuɬik’ʷtəb ʔə kʷi tul’ʔaɬx̌ad sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ɬik’ʷ–t–b HAB=hooked–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

kʷi

tul’–ʔaɬx̌ad

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

REM

CNTRFG–downstream

PL–woman

‘ “He was taken by some women from downstream.’

236

Star Child

214 diɬəxʷ ƛ’udsut’ilib ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ’udsušƛ’ap diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

ƛ’u=d=s=ʔu–t’ilib HAB=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

ƛ’u=d=s=ʔu–šƛ’•ap HAB=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–scorch•bottom

‘ “That is my song about my tree-falling.” ’ 215 hilidəxʷ tiʔiɬ hili–t=axʷ tiʔiɬ command–ICS=now DIST

‘He orders him.’ 216 haw’ haw’ INTJ

‘ “Hey,’ 217 ʔux̌ʷtxʷ tiʔiɬ adst’ilib ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ tiʔiɬ ad=s=t’ilib go–ECS DIST 2SG.PO=NM=song

‘ “Take your song!” ’ 218 ʔux̌ʷtubəxʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ ʔə go–ECS–PASS=now PR

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘It is taken by Diaper Child.’ 219 həʔi, həʔiˑ, həʔiˑ həʔi hey

həʔi hey

həʔi hey

‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey. ♪’ 220 tuɬiq’ʷtəb k’ʷəɬ ʔə tul’ʔaɬx̌ad kʷi tudsqa tu=ɬiq’ʷ–t–b HAB=hooked–ICS–PASS

k’ʷəɬ QTV

ʔə PR

tul’–ʔaɬx̌ad

kʷi

CNTRFG–downstream

REM

Dora Solomon

237

tu=d–sqa PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother

‘♪ “My older brother was taken by those from downstream. ♪’ 221 həʔiˑ, həʔiˑ, həʔiˑ həʔi hey

həʔi hey

həʔi hey

‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey.” ♪’ 222 diɬ st’ilib ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬə diɬ

st’ilib ʔə song PR

FOC

sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬə Diaper.Child DIST

‘That is the song of Diaper Child.’ 223 tusuxʷtəšəxʷ tu=suxʷt–š=axʷ PAST=recognize–ICS=now

‘(The older brother) recognized him (Diaper Child).’ 224 bəbuʔs sɬəɬadəyʔ kʷi tuqadabid kʷi tudsqa bəbuʔs four:HMN

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ kʷi tu=qada–bi–t kʷi REM PAST=steal–MAP–ICS REM

PL–woman

tu=d–sqa PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother

‘ “Those who stole my brother were four women.” ’ 225 huy tucuucəxʷ huy SCONJ

tu=cut–c=axʷ PAST=say–ALTV=now

‘Then he spoke to him.’ 226 tuwiliq’ʷidəxʷ tiʔiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ PAST=ask–ICS=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘He questioned Diaper Child.’

238

Star Child

227 ʔa ʔu kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal kʷi dəxʷəsɬaɬliləp ʔa ʔu be.there INT

kʷi REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

ʔal kʷi at REM

dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil=lap ADNM=STAT–live=2PL.PO

‘ “Are there people where you guys live?” ’ 228 ʔuˑ sʔahaʔs tiʔiɬ ƛ’ucut ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔu

s=ʔah–aʔ=s tiʔiɬ NM=EXC–be.there=3PO DIST

INTJ

ƛ’u=cut HAB=say

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “Oh, the people who speak are always right there,’ 229 ƛ’uciɬugʷadadgʷad ʔə tsiʔiɬ dsk’ʷuy ƛ’u=s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad HAB=NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk

ʔə tsiʔiɬ d–sk’ʷuy PR DIST:FEM 1SG.PO–mother

‘ “They are those who my mother always converses with.” ’ 230 gʷəl xʷiʔ ləlaʔb ʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəl

xʷiʔ

lə=laʔb

SCONJ

NEG

NEGP=really

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘Well, they aren’t really people.’ 231 ƛ’udaˑʔadəxʷ ƛ’u=daʔa–t=axʷ HAB=named–ICS=now

‘She always named them.’ 232 tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad, tiʔəʔ kaykay, tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔk’aʔ, tiʔəʔ qaw’qs, tiʔəʔ wəlis tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔadʔad tiʔəʔ kaykay tiʔəʔ k’aʔ–k’aʔk’aʔ magpie PROX Steller’s.Jay PROX DSTR–crow

tiʔəʔ PROX

wəlis small.frog

‘Magpie, Steller’s Jay, the Crows, Raven, Frog.’ 233 diɬəxʷ ʔa diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

ʔa be.there

‘They are there.’

tiʔəʔ qaw’qs raven

PROX

Dora Solomon

239

234 ʔa tiʔiɬ dəxʷəsɬaɬlils əlgʷəʔ ʔa be.there

tiʔiɬ

dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil=s

əlgʷəʔ

DIST

ADNM=STAT–live=3PO

PL

‘There is where they live.’ 235 ƛ’ucutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ sqas ƛ’u=cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ HAB=say–ICS–PASS=now PR DIST

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

‘He is spoken to by his older brother.’ 236 Well, ʔa tiʔəʔ dtatačulbixʷ well well

ʔa be.there

tiʔəʔ PROX

d–tatačulbixʷ 1SG.PO–big.game.animal

‘ “Well, I have game.’ 237 ʔux̌ʷ čəxʷ ʔə kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy čxʷa hilid ɬuʔiq’ʷidəs kʷədiʔ ʔalʔal ʔə kʷi haʔɬ ʔux̌ʷ go

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ʔə kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy PR REM:FEM 2SG.PO–mother

ɬu=ʔiq’ʷi–t=as IRR=swept–ICS=3SBRD

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

čxʷa hili–t 2SG.COORD command–ICS

ʔalʔal ʔə kʷi house PR REM

haʔɬ good

‘ “You go to your mother and tell her to sweep the house well.’ 238 gʷəl pačad kʷi sɬagʷid ʔal ti ʔudəgʷabac gʷəl SCONJ

pača–t kʷi laid.out–ICS REM

sɬagʷid sleeping.mat

ʔal at

ti SPEC

ʔudəgʷ•abac centre•body

‘ “And lay out a sleeping mat in the middle.’ 239 diɬ ɬudəxʷɬaq’ati[d] kʷi tatačulbixʷ ʔə kʷi gʷat sɬadəyʔ ɬučəbaʔəd diɬ

ɬu=dəxʷ=ɬaq’a–t–id

FOC

IRR=ADNM=fallen–ICS–PASS.SBRD REM

sɬadəyʔ woman

kʷi

tatačulbixʷ ʔə kʷi gʷat big.game.animal PR REM who

ɬu=čəbaʔ–t IRR=backpack–ICS

‘ “What will be laid down is the game which will be brought by a woman.’

240

Star Child

240 gʷəl kʷi sɬadəyʔ ɬučəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ gʷəl

kʷi

SCONJ

REM

sɬadəyʔ woman

ɬu=čəbaʔ–t

tiʔəʔ

IRR=backpack–ICS

PROX

‘ “And the woman, she will pack the game.’ 241 gʷəl diɬ ɬuhuyil dčəgʷas gʷəl

diɬ

ɬu=huyu–il

SCONJ

FOC

IRR=made–INCH

d–čəgʷas 1SG.PO–wife

‘ “That is the one who will be my wife.” ’ 242 cuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ cut–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ say–ALTV=now DIST

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘He speaks to Diaper Child.’ 243 kʷədaxʷ ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷəd=axʷ take=now

ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘He takes it and goes to him.’ 244 dxʷʔiq’ʷusəd tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs dxʷ–ʔiq’ʷ•us–t tiʔiɬ CTD–swept•face–ICS DIST

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He wipes his younger brother’s face.’ 245 dxʷʔiq’ʷustəb dxʷ–ʔiq’ʷ•us–t–b CTD–swept•face–ICS–PASS

‘His face is wiped.’ 246 ʔəsɬukʷalb tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs ʔas–ɬukʷalb STAT–moon

tiʔiɬ DIST

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘His younger brother was the moon.’ 247 My, got bright, can’t look at him, like the ɬukʷaɬ 3 3

ɬukʷaɬ ‘sun’.

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

Dora Solomon

241

248 huy cutəxʷ huy SCONJ

cut=axʷ say=now

‘Then he speaks,’ 249 t’uk’ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ t’uk’ʷ=axʷ go.home=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘ “Go home, Diaper Child.” ’ 250 ʔuˑ kʷaxʷad ʔuˑ INTJ

kʷaxʷa–t help–ICS

‘Oh, he helps him.’ 251 gʷəl q’ilid tiʔiɬ sčəbid gʷəl SCONJ

q’ili–t tiʔiɬ aboard–ICS DIST

sčəbid Douglas.fir

‘And they put the fir bark on board.’ 252 hiwil hiwil go.ahead

‘ “Go ahead!’ 253 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘ “Go!’ 254 t’uk’ʷtxʷ tiʔiɬə t’uk’ʷ–txʷ go.home–ECS

tiʔiɬə DIST

‘ “Take it home!” ’

242

Star Child

255 gʷəl qaw’qs sixʷ tiʔiɬ ʔulələliʔdxʷ tiʔiɬə gʷəl SCONJ

qaw’qs sixʷ raven PTCL

tiʔiɬ

ʔu–lə–ləliʔ–dxʷ

tiʔiɬə

DIST

PFV–ATTN–different–DC

DIST

‘As for Raven, he doesn’t quite recognize him.’ 256 ʔuˑ sp’ic’ikʷ, ʔuʔəx̌id čəxʷ ʔu INTJ

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “Oh, Diaper Child, what did you do?’ 257 ləliʔəxʷ t(i) adsəshuy, sp’ic’ikʷ ləliʔ=axʷ ti ad=s=ʔas–huyu different=now SPEC 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–made

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘ “What you have done is different now, Diaper Child.’ 258 ʔuʔəx̌id čəxʷ ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “What did you do?” ’ 259 ʔuˑ, xʷiʔ gʷədsʔəx̌id ʔu INTJ

xʷiʔ gʷə=d=s=ʔəx̌id NEG SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=what.happen

‘ “Oh, I didn’t do anything.’ 260 tux̌ʷ čəd ʔudxʷc’agʷusəb tux̌ʷ just

čəd 1SG.SUB

ʔu–dxʷ–c’aʔkʷ•us–b PFV–CTD–washed•face–MD

‘ “I just washed my face.” ’ 261 sp’ic’ikʷ answered qaw’qs that sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

answered answered

qaw’qs like raven like

‘Diaper Child answered Raven like that.’

that that

Dora Solomon

243

262 xʷiʔ gʷədsʔəx̌id xʷiʔ gʷə=d=s=ʔəx̌id NEG SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=what.happen

‘ “I didn’t do anything.” ’ 263 What he said, just like that 264 huy cutəbəxʷ ʔə qaw’qs huy

cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə say–ICS–PASS=now PR

SCONJ

qaw’qs raven

‘Then Raven says to him,’ 265 ʔa ti dsʔədəgʷəl ʔəbstatačulbixʷ ʔa be.there

ti SPEC

dsʔədəgʷəl ??

ʔas–bəs–tatačulbixʷ STAT–PROP–big.game.animal

‘ “There is one ... who has game.’ 266 ɬuʔəƛ’txʷ k’ʷəɬ ti tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ɬu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ k’ʷəɬ IRR=come–ECS QTV

ti SPEC

tatačulbixʷ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ big.game.animal CNTRPT–at PROX

‘ “It is said that she will bring the game for him.’ 267 gʷəl kʷi gʷat sɬadəyʔ ɬučəbaʔəd gʷəl

kʷi

SCONJ

REM

gʷat who

sɬadəyʔ woman

ɬu=čəbaʔ–t IRR=backpack–ICS

‘ “Some woman, she will bring it.’ 268 gʷəl diɬ ɬuhuyil čəgʷas gʷəl

diɬ

ɬu=huyu–il

SCONJ

FOC

IRR=made–INCH

‘ “That one will be his wife.” ’ 269 huy qaw’qs announced huy SCONJ

qaw’qs Raven

‘Then Raven announced.’

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

244

Star Child

270 wiʔətəbəxʷ ʔə qaw’qs wiʔ–t–b=axʷ ʔə holler–ICS–PASS=now PR

qaw’qs raven

‘It is announced by Raven.’ 271 ʔaˑ, pretty soon ‘Oh, pretty soon.’ 272 gʷəl ɬaʔtubəxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬaʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ arrive–ECS–PASS=now DIST

‘And it is brought.’ 273 What they call it? Elk, you know 274 kʷagʷičəd kʷagʷičəd elk

VH: ‘Elk.’ 275 kʷagʷičəd, yeah kʷagʷičəd elk

yeah yeah

DS: ‘Elk, yeah.’ 276 ɬaʔtubəxʷ ɬaʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ arrive–ECS–PASS=now

‘It is brought.’ 277 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ ləx̌ax̌ax̌ax̌əybcut tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ, tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad, tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab, kaykay ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ lə=x̌a–x̌a–x̌a–x̌əyb–t–sut tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ go=now PROX PROG=ATTN–ATTN–ATTN–laugh–ICS–REFL PROX crow tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔadʔad magpie

tiʔəʔ PROX

bək’ʷ stab all what

kaykay Steller’s.Jay

‘Those who are laughing go – Crow, Magpie, everyone, Steller’s Jay.”

Dora Solomon

245

278 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘They go.’ 279 ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə [s]p’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬ sqas ʔə tiʔiɬ sxʷiʔs kʷi gʷat ləšəqəd ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now s=xʷiʔ=s NM=NEG=3PO

ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PR Diaper.Child kʷi REM

gʷat who

tiʔiɬ sqa–s ʔə older.brother–3PO PR

DIST

tiʔiɬ DIST

lə=šq–t NEGP=high–ICS

‘Diaper Child goes to his older brother when there is no one (able) to lift it.’ 280 x̌ʷul’ ləcudᶻalaldᶻalqtəb tiʔiɬ kʷagʷičəd x̌ʷul’ only

ləcu–dᶻal–al–dᶻalq–t–b

tiʔiɬ

CONT–DSTR–DIM.EFF–turn–ICS–PASS

DIST

‘The elk is just being turned over and over.’ 281 ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔiɬ sqas ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

tiʔiɬ sqa–s older.brother–3PO

DIST

‘He goes to his brother.’ 282 gʷəl cut gʷəl

cut say

SCONJ

‘And he speaks,’ 283 diič’uʔ kʷsi xʷiʔ gʷəsʔəƛ’s diič’uʔ one:HMN

kʷsi

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔəƛ’=s

REM:FEM

NEG

SBJ=NM=come=3PO

‘ “There is one woman who has not come.’ 284 ʔal x̌ʷul’ ʔəbskiaʔ ʔal at

x̌ʷul’ only

ʔas–bəs–kiaʔ STAT–PROP–grandmother

‘ “She only has a grandmother.’

kʷagʷičəd elk

246

Star Child

285 gʷəl ƛ’ut’ilib ɬuɬax̌iləs gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’u=t’ilib ɬu=ɬax̌–il=as IRR=dark–INCH=3SBRD

HAB=sing

‘ “She sings when it gets dark.’ 286 yəw’il ƛ’uɬax̌il gʷəl ƛ’ut’ilib tsiʔiɬ wəlis yəw’il if

ƛ’u=ɬax̌–il

gʷəl

HAB=dark–INCH

SCONJ

ƛ’u=t’ilib tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

HAB=sing

wəlis small.frog

‘ “If it gets dark the small frog will sing.’ 287 hilitəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ hili–t–b=axʷ tsiʔəʔ command–ICS–PASS=now PROX:FEM

‘ “She will be commanded.” ’ 288 kʷədatəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ wəlis ʔə tsiʔəʔ kiʔs kʷəda–t–b=axʷ tsiʔəʔ wəlis ʔə tsiʔəʔ kiaʔ–s taken–ICS–PASS=now PROX:FEM small.frog PR PROX:FEM grandmother–3PO

‘Little Frog was taken by her grandmother.’ 289 gʷəl špadᶻtəb gʷəl SCONJ

špadᶻ–t–b combed–ICS–PASS

‘Her hair is combed.’ 290 t’əbt’əbšəditəb t’əb–t’əbš•ədi–t–b DSTR–braid•ear–ICS–PASS

‘Her hair is braided.’ 291 gʷəl titəbɬustəb gʷəl

ti–təbɬ•us–t–b

SCONJ

ATTN–ochre•face–ICS–PASS

‘And a little ochre is put on her face.’

Dora Solomon

247

292 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl SCONJ

cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

‘And she is told.’ 293 hiwil, ʔux̌ʷ hiwil go.ahead

ʔux̌ʷ go

‘ “Go ahead, go!” ’ 294 p’aʔcut p’aʔ–t–sut try–ICS–REFL

‘She tries.’ 295 šuhu tiʔiɬ adsʔiɬsɬəɬadəyʔ šuɬ see

tiʔiɬ ad=s=ʔiɬ–sɬə–ɬadəyʔ 2SG.PO=NM=PRTV–PL–woman

DIST

‘ “Your fellow-women are watching.” ’ 296 ʔup’aʔcut ʔu–p’aʔ–t–sut PFV–try–ICS–REFL

‘She tries.’ 297 hiwil, ʔux̌ʷ hiwil go.ahead

ʔux̌ʷ go

‘ “Go ahead, go!” ’ 298 yəcəbtubəxʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬ sqas yəc–b–txʷ–b=axʷ report–MD–ECS–PASS=now

ʔə PR

sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬ Diaper.Child DIST

‘The older brother is told by Diaper Child.’

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

248

Star Child

299 tsudiʔ ʔəƛ’axʷ tsudiʔ DIST:FEM.DMA

ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now

‘ “Here she comes.’ 300 tsudiʔ ʔəƛ’axʷ tsudiʔ DIST:FEM.DMA

ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now

‘ “Here she comes.” ’ 301 Well, ʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ wəlis well well

ʔux̌ʷ go

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

wəlis small.frog

‘Well, Little Frog went.’ 302 gʷəl tašašad tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ gʷəl

taš–aša–t

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

DIM.EFF–fixed.up–ICS

PROX

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

‘And, she fixes up the big game animal a bit.’ 303 gʷəl kʷədad gʷəl

kʷəda–t taken–ICS

SCONJ

‘And she takes it.’ 304 gʷəl čəbaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ

čəbaʔ–t backpack–ICS

‘And she carries it.’ 305 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ go

‘She goes.’

Dora Solomon

249

306 gʷəl ɬaq’aš gʷəl SCONJ

ɬaq’a–š fallen–ICS

‘She lays it down.’ 307 huyil čəgʷas ʔə sɬukʷalb huyu–il čəgʷas made–INCH wife

ʔə PR

sɬukʷalb moon

‘She becomes the wife of Moon.’ 308 hay gʷəl, tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬaq’əxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ hay

gʷəl

tu=cut=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=say=now

PROX

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs ʔə tiʔəʔ s=ɬaq’a=axʷ raven PR PROX NM=fallen=now

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

‘Then Raven speaks about the laying-out of the game animal.’ 309 ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ, not sp’ic’ikʷ, sɬukʷalb ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now PR Diaper.Child

not not

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child went to him – not Diaper Child, the Moon.’ 310 gʷəl dxʷtašusəd tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuys gʷəl

dxʷ–taš•us–t

tsiʔiɬ

SCONJ

CTD–fixed.up•face–ICS

DIST:FEM

‘And he fixes up his mother’s face.’ 4 311 He’s so bright 312 xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi gʷat gʷəʔx̌ xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

kʷi REM

gʷat who

gʷə=ʔux̌ SBJ=go

‘There is no one to go.’

4

That is, he cleans Raven’s feces from his mother’s face.

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

sɬukʷalb moon

250

Star Child

313 Can’t look at her, she was so bright, like the ɬukʷaɬ 5 314 cutəbəxʷ ʔə sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ qaw’qs cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə say–ICS–PASS=now PR

sɬukʷalb moon

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘The Moon is told by Raven,’ 315 ʔəca kʷi ɬuɬiɬič’id tiʔiɬ tatačulbixʷ ʔəca I

kʷi

ɬu=ɬi–ɬič’i–t

tiʔiɬ

REM

IRR=ATTN–cut–ICS

DIST

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

‘ “I am the one who will cut up the big game animal.” ’ 316 ʔəɬtubəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔəɬ–txʷ–b=axʷ be.fed–ECS–PASS=now

tiʔiɬ

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

DIST

‘The people are fed.’ 317 yəx̌i huy ɬubəsčəgʷasəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔučəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ yəx̌i because

huy SCONJ

ɬu=bəs–čəgʷas=axʷ IRR=PROP–wife=now

ʔu–čəbaʔ–t PFV–backpack–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ

sɬukʷalb moon

PROX

ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

‘Because Moon will have as a wife she who packs the big game animal.’ 318 kʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ bone of the elk kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ʔə taken–ICS–PASS=now PR

sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ moon PROX

‘Moon took the elk’s bone.’ 319 gʷəl ʔix̌ʷyitəb tiʔəʔ qaw’qs gʷəl SCONJ

ʔix̌ʷi–yi–t–b thrown–DAT–ICS–PASS

‘And he cast it for Raven.’

5

ɬukʷaɬ ‘sun’.

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

bone of bone of

elk elk

Dora Solomon

251

320 tiləb ʔučik’ʷitəb tiləb immediately

ʔu–čik’ʷi–t–b PFV–stuffed.into–ICS–PASS

‘Right away it became narrow.’ 321 gʷəl qʷaq’ʷ qʷaq’ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

qʷaq’ʷ Raven

qʷaq’ʷ Raven

‘ “And, Raven, Raven.” ’ 322 cutəbəxʷ ʔə sɬukʷalb cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə say–ICS–PASS=now PR

sɬukʷalb moon

‘He is spoken to by the Moon,’ 323 diɬəxʷ ɬadsgʷədgʷatəd tiʔiɬ dxʷʔal kʷi ɬuɬədxʷlaq 6 diɬ=axʷ ɬu=ad=s=gʷədgʷatəd FOC=now IRR=2SG.PO=NM=speak

tiʔiɬ

dxʷ–ʔal

kʷi

DIST

CNTRPT–at

REM

ɬu=ad=dxʷlaq IRR=2SG.PO=childless

‘ “It is said about you that you will be childless.” ’ 324 yəx̌i tasigʷcut yəx̌i because

tu=ʔas–hikʷ–t–sut PAST=STAT–big–ICS–REFL

‘Because (Raven) had become important.’ 325 taxʷcutəb diɬ siʔab ʔə tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔk’aʔ, bək’ʷ stab, ʔadʔad, bək’ʷ stab tu=ʔas–dxʷ–cut–ab diɬ siʔab ʔə tiʔəʔ k’aʔ–k’aʔk’aʔ bək’ʷ stab PAST=STAT–CTD–speak–DSD FOC noble PR PROX DSTR–crow all what ʔadʔad magpie

bək’ʷ stab all what

‘The Crows and everyone, Magpie and everyone, thought him to be noble.’

6

The transcription and gloss of the last word is uncertain.

252

Star Child

326 diɬ tudəxʷq’p’alikʷtəbs ʔə sɬukʷalb diɬ

tu=dəxʷ=q’p’–alikʷ–t–b=s

FOC

PAST=ADNM=pay–ACT–ICS–PASS=3PO

ʔə PR

sɬukʷalb moon

‘It was his payment to Moon.’ 327 gʷəl tucutəbəxʷ gʷəl

tu=cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And they said to him,’ 328 ɬux̌ʷul’əxʷ čəxʷ ɬubək’ʷucid ʔə kʷi ɬadsuʔəɬəd ɬu=x̌ʷul’=axʷ čəxʷ ɬu=bək’ʷ•ucid IRR=only=now 2SG.SUB IRR=scavenge•mouth

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

ɬu=ad=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–feed.on

‘ “Now you will just scavenge for what you will eat.” ’ 329 tuhuyəxʷ tiʔiɬ tuspaq’ati[d] tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ tu=huyu=axʷ tiʔiɬ tu=s=paq’a–t–id tiʔəʔ PAST=made=now DIST PAST=NM=distributed–ICS–PASS.SBRD PROX tatačulbixʷ dxʷ–ʔal big.game.animal CNTRPT–at

tiʔəʔ

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

PROX

‘The game animal was distributed to the people.’ 330 gʷəl tugʷəgʷatxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl

tu=gʷə–gʷad–txʷ=axʷ

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

PAST=ATTN–talk–ECS=now

DIST

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘And he scolded his younger brother.’ 331 tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔučəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ woman

ʔu–čəbaʔ–t

tiʔəʔ

PFV–backpack–ICS

PROX

‘ “The woman who brought the game animal,’

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

Dora Solomon

253

332 xʷiʔ gʷədskʷədad xʷiʔ

gʷə=d=s=kʷəda–t

NEG

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=taken–ICS

‘ “I didn’t take her.’ 333 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ɬudsx̌alus gʷəl SCONJ

x̌ʷul’ ɬu=d=s=x̌ala•us only IRR=1SG.PO=NM=written•face

‘ “I will just have my face painted.” ’ 334 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ɬudsx̌alus gʷəl SCONJ

x̌ʷul’ ɬu=d=s=x̌ala•us only IRR=1SG.PO=NM=written•face

‘ “I will just have my face painted.” ’ 335 Put picture in his face 336 gʷəgʷatxʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷə–gʷad–txʷ=axʷ ATTN–talk–ECS=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He scolded his younger brother.’ 337 ɬuhuyudəxʷ čəɬ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷhuy ʔə kʷi ɬudəxʷlaqəxʷ ɬuʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬu=huyu–t=axʷ IRR=made–ICS=now

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

tiʔəʔ PROX

ɬu=dəxʷ=huyu ʔə IRR=ADNM=made PR

kʷi REM

ɬu=dəxʷ=laq=axʷ ɬu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ IRR=ADNM=behind=now IRR=people

‘ “We will do what will be done for those people who will come after us.” ’ 338 kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sčəbid kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PL

‘They take fir bark.’ 339 gʷəl hudud gʷəl SCONJ

hudu–t burn–ICS

‘And they burn it.’

PROX

sčəbid Douglas.fir

254

Star Child

340 tiʔəʔ təbɬ, tiʔəʔ feathers tiʔəʔ PROX

təbɬ tiʔəʔ ochre PROX

feathers feathers

‘Ochre and feathers’ 341 st’uʔq’ʷ st’uʔq’ʷ small.feathers

VH: ‘Small feathers.’ 342 st’uʔq’ʷ, čičx̌al st’uʔq’ʷ čičx̌al small.feathers feathers

DS: ‘Small feathers, feathers.’ 7 343 hudud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bəˑk’ʷ stab hudu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ PROX all burn–ICS PL

stab what

‘They burn everything.’ 344 tiʔəʔ k’ʷəluʔ gʷəɬ tatačulbixʷ, k’ʷəluʔ, diɬ hudud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ k’ʷəluʔ gʷəɬ PROX skin ASSC

tatačulbixʷ k’ʷəluʔ big.game.animal skin

diɬ FOC

hudu–t əlgʷəʔ burn–ICS PL

‘The hide of animals, hide, that is what they burn.’ 345 gʷəl hudud tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab gʷəl SCONJ

hudu–t burn–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

bək’ʷ all

stab what

‘And, they burn everything.’ 346 hudud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ ƛ’aʔtəd, ƛ’aʔtəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuys hudu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ ƛ’aʔtəd ƛ’aʔtəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuy–s burn–ICS PL PROX salmon.trap salmon.trap PR DIST:FEM mother–3PO

‘They burn the salmon trap, their mother’s salmon trap.’ 7

The word čičx̌al and its gloss are uncertain; it is possible that this is a variant pronunciation of c’ic’al ‘long feathers with thick stems’.

Dora Solomon

255

347 huyud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ taʔɬ huyu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ made–ICS PL PROX

taʔɬ harpoon

‘They make a harpoon.’ 348 huyud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bəˑk’ʷ stab huyu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ made–ICS PL PROX

bək’ʷ all

stab what

‘They make everything.’ 349 kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ taken–ICS=now PL

‘They take it.’ 350 gʷəl biƛ’idəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

biƛ’i–t=axʷ crushed–ICS=now

‘And they crush it.’ 351 dəgʷdəgʷašəxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔuhuyud əlgʷəʔ sdəgʷigʷsaliʔs dəgʷ–dəkʷa–š=axʷ DSTR–inside–ICS=now

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ

ʔu–huyu–t

əlgʷəʔ

PROX

PFV–made–ICS

PL

s=dəkʷ•igʷs•aliʔ=s NM=inside•things•place=3PO

‘They put them inside their pockets as they make them.’ 352 stabəs … stab=as what=3SBRD

‘As it is ...’ 353 I don’t know the Indian name 354 dəgʷašəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔiɬə dəkʷa–š=axʷ əlgʷəʔ inside–ICS=now PL

‘They put it inside there.’

ʔal at

tiʔiɬə DIST

256

Star Child

355 gʷəl huyud tiʔəʔ sq’aʔšəd gʷəl SCONJ

huyu–t made–ICS

tiʔəʔ

sq’aʔšəd moccasin

PROX

‘And they make moccasins.’ 356 tiʔəʔ bəˑk’ʷ stab ləcuǰəctubəxʷ ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ tiʔəʔ PROX

bək’ʷ stab ləcu–ǰəc–txʷ–b=axʷ all what PROG.STAT–useful–ECS–PASS=now

ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ PR REM people

‘It is everything that is used by the people.’ 357 diɬ tuhuyud əlgʷəʔ diɬ

tu=huyu–t

əlgʷəʔ

FOC

PAST=made–ICS

PL

‘That is what they made.’ 358 gʷəl tuhuyud ashes gʷəl

tu=huyu–t

SCONJ

PAST=made–ICS

ashes ashes

‘And they made ashes.’ 359 tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tu=cut=axʷ PAST=say=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

sɬukʷalb moon

‘The Moon spoke.’ 360 cuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs, sp’ic’ikʷ cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘He speaks to his younger brother, Diaper Child.’ 361 ɬuqʷibidəxʷ čəɬ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=qʷibi–t=axʷ IRR=prepared–ICS=now

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We will fix up the country.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd country

Dora Solomon

257

362 gʷəl ɬuƛ’ax̌ʷəxʷ kʷi ɬuhəlaʔbəxʷ ɬuʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəl

ɬu=ƛ’ax̌ʷ=axʷ

kʷi

ɬu=həlaʔb=axʷ

ɬu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ

SCONJ

IRR=grow=now

REM

IRR=really=now

IRR=people

‘ “And the future people will really grow.” ’ 363 diɬəxʷ tudəxʷəshuytxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sq’aʔšəd diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–huyu–txʷ

əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ

PAST=ADNM=STAT–made–ECS

PL

PROX

sq’aʔšəd moccasin

‘That is why they made the moccasins.’ 364 ƛ’ucutəb, k’ʷid sq’aʔšəd ƛ’u=cut–t–b HAB=say–ICS–PASS

k’ʷid sq’aʔšəd how.much moccasin

‘He said, “How many moccasins?’ 365 buus ʔu sq’aʔšəd kʷi ƛ’uc’əxʷ dxʷʔaˑl kʷi ɬusqits əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd buus ʔu sq’aʔšəd four INT moccasin

kʷi REM

ƛ’uc’=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal kʷi tied.in.bunch=now CNTRPT–at REM

ɬu=s=qit=s əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd IRR=NM=circle.around=3PO PL PR PROX country

‘ “Are there four moccasins bundled together so they will encircle the land?” ’ 366 tucuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=cut–c=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say–ALTV=now PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He said to his younger brother,’ 367 dəgʷi kʷi ɬuləʔix̌ʷəd tiʔəʔ, tiʔiɬ tuhudud əlgʷəʔ, stab 8 dəgʷi kʷi ɬu=lə=ʔix̌ʷi–t tiʔəʔ tiʔiɬ tu=hudu–d əlgʷəʔ REM IRR=PROG=thrown–ICS PROX DIST PAST=burned–ICS PL you stab what

‘ “You will be the one who will throw the, the thing they burned, whatsit.” ’ 8

Vi Hilbert replaces the end of this line with the word xʷhudad ‘ashes’.

258

Star Child

368 I can’t think of the name of that, you know, ashes 369 Could you remember that? 370 VH: Right on the tip of my mind 371 DS: Me, too 372 Well, tashudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ well well

tu=ʔas–hud–dxʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ PAST=STAT–burn–DC=now PL DIST

‘Well, they managed to burn it.’ 373 ʔəsbuus kʷi tuhuyud əlgʷəʔ ʔas–buus STAT–four

kʷi

tu=huyu–t

əlgʷəʔ

REM

PAST=made–ICS

PL

‘They made four.’ 374 saliʔ kʷi gʷəɬ sp’ic’ikʷ saliʔ kʷi gʷəɬ two REM ASSC

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Those which belong to Diaper Child are two.’ 375 gʷəl saliʔ kʷi gʷəɬ sɬukʷalb gʷəl SCONJ

saliʔ two

kʷi

gʷəɬ

REM

ASSC

sɬukʷalb moon

‘And those which belong to the Moon are two.’ 376 tucuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs tu=cut–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ PAST=say–ALTV=now DIST

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He said to his younger brother,’ 377 Well, ɬuʔux̌ʷ čəɬ ɬuʔəƛ’tubəs kʷi sləx̌il čɬa ʔux̌ʷ well well

ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ čəɬ ɬu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ–b=as 1PL.SUB IRR=come–ECS–PASS=3SBRD

IRR=go

kʷi REM

sləx̌il daylight

Dora Solomon

259

čɬa 1PL.COORD

ʔux̌ʷ go

‘ “Well, we will go when daylight is brought and we go.’ 378 ʔəƛ’tubəxʷ kʷi sləx̌il ʔəƛ’–txʷ–b=axʷ kʷi come–ECS–PASS=now REM

sləx̌il daylight

‘Daylight is brought.’ 379 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ go PL

‘And they go.’ 380 cuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ say–ALTV=now DIST

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He says to his younger brother,’ 381 ɬuləʔix̌ʷəd čəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=lə=ʔix̌ʷi–t IRR=PROG=thrown–ICS

čəxʷ tiʔəʔ 2SG.SUB PROX

‘ “You will be throwing it.’ 382 diɬ adsʔix̌ʷid čəxʷ diɬ FOC

ad=s=ʔix̌ʷi–t 2SG.PO=NM=thrown–ICS

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “It is that which you will throw.’ 383 ɬudaʔad stab kʷi ɬusdaʔs kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬuʔal tiʔiɬ ɬu=daʔa–t stab IRR=named–ICS what ɬu=ʔal

tiʔiɬ

IRR=at

DIST

kʷi

ɬu=s=daʔa=s

kʷi

REM

IRR=NM=named=3PO

REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “You will name the names of the people who will be there.’

260

Star Child

384 kʷi dxʷsƛ’alb, kʷi bək’ʷ stab, kʷi sqaǰət, kʷi bək’ʷ stab, the whole world kʷi

dxʷsƛ’alb Clallam

REM

whole whole

kʷi

bəkʷ all

REM

stab what

kʷi REM

sqaǰət Skagit

kʷi REM

bək’ʷ stab all what

world world

‘ “The Clallam, everything, the Skagit, everything, the whole world.” ’ 385 tuləʔix̌ʷid əlgʷəʔ tu=lə=ʔix̌ʷi–t PAST=PROG=thrown–ICS

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They were throwing it.’ 386 Where they threw that. 387 tugʷəc kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ tuhudud əlgʷəʔ tu=gʷəc kʷi PAST=born REM

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

tul’–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

tu=hudu–t

əlgʷəʔ

CNTRFG–at

PROX

PAST=burn–ICS

PL

‘The people were born out of what they burned.’ 388 I couldn’t talk my language very good anymore 389 It sounds good to me, tsi siʔab it it

sounds good to sounds good to

me tsi siʔab me SPEC:FEM noble

VH: ‘It sounds good to me, noble lady.’ 390 diɬəxʷ dəxʷəsaydigʷəd ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ kʷi sdaʔs kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ, kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ, kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ diɬ=axʷ dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–d•igʷəd=axʷ ʔə FOC=now ADNM=STAT–known–ICS•inside.body=now PR kʷi REM

sdaʔ–s kʷi name–3PO REM

dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe

kʷi REM

tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

DIST

dč’aʔkʷbixʷ kʷi different.tribe REM

dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe

DS: ‘That is how the people know the names of this tribe and that tribe.’

Dora Solomon

261

391 yəx̌i huy sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi sɬukʷalb kʷi tuhuyud tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd yəx̌i huy sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi because SCONJ Diaper.Child CONJ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal people at

sɬukʷalb moon

kʷi REM

tu=huyu–t PAST=made–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd country

PROX

‘Because it was thus that Diaper Child and Moon made the people of the world.’ 392 kʷi tushuy ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd, xʷiʔ gʷətusɬukʷalb kʷi

tu=s=huyu

REM

PAST=NM=made

ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PR PROX country

xʷiʔ

gʷə=tu=sɬukʷalb

NEG

SBJ=PAST=moon

‘When they made the world, there was no moon.’ 393 x̌ʷul’ sɬax̌il x̌ʷul’ only

sɬax̌il darkness

‘Only darkness.’ 394 xʷiʔ gʷəsləx̌il x̌ʷiʔ

gʷə=sləx̌il

NEG

SBJ=daylight

‘There was no daylight.’ 395 gʷəl tuʔa tiʔəʔ čusəd gʷəl

tu=ʔa

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PAST=be.there

PROX

čusəd star

‘And there were stars.’ 396 tuʔa tiʔəʔ čusəd tu=ʔa tiʔəʔ PAST=be.there PROX

čusəd star

‘There were stars.’ 397 diɬəxʷ tudəxʷwiliq’ʷitid ʔə tsiʔəʔ tsi sqas diɬ=axʷ tu=dəxʷ=wiliq’ʷi–t–id ʔə tsiʔəʔ tsi FOC=now PAST=ADNM=ask–ICS–PASS.SBRD PR PROX:FEM SPEC:FEM

262

Star Child

sqa–s older.sibling–3PO

‘That is why she was asked by her, by her older sister.’ 398 stab əw’ə dᶻəɬ tiʔiɬ ʔəswəliʔ šəq stab what

əw’ə

dᶻəɬ

tiʔiɬ

PTCL

PTCL

DIST

ʔas–wəliʔ STAT–visible

šq high

‘ “What are those up in the air?’ 399 ʔəxʷcutəb čəxʷ ʔu ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔas–dxʷ–cut–ab čəxʷ ʔu ʔaciɬtabixʷ STAT–CTD–say–DSD 2SG.SUB INT people

‘ “Do you think they are people?” ’ 400 tucutəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sqaʔs tu=cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sqaʔ–s PAST=say–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX:FEM older.sibling–3PO

‘She was told by her older sister.’ 401 ʔuˑ, xʷuʔələʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔu INTJ

xʷuʔələʔ maybe

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “Oh, I guess they are people.’ 402 Well, yəw’il gʷəʔaciɬtabixʷ čəda gʷədiɬ tiʔiɬ haʔɬ čusəd kʷi gʷədsč’istxʷ well well

yəw’il gʷə=ʔaciɬtabixʷ čəda gʷə=diɬ if SBJ=people 1SG.COORD SBJ=FOC kʷi

gʷə=d–sč’istxʷ

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO–husband

tiʔiɬ haʔɬ good

DIST

čusəd star

‘ “Well, if they are people then I will have that one good star as my husband.” ’ 403 cut tsiʔiɬ ʔiɬluƛ’ cut say

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old

‘The older woman speaks.’

Dora Solomon

263

404 huy cutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬt’isuʔ huy SCONJ

cut=axʷ say=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔiɬ–t’isuʔ PRTV–younger

‘Then the younger one says,’ 405 ʔuˑ, yəw’il gʷətəɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔu

yəw’il gʷə=təɬ if SBJ=truly

INTJ

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “Oh, if they really are people,’ 406 gʷəl diɬ tiʔiɬ gʷəl

diɬ

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

FOC

DIST

‘ “And it is that one.” ’ 407 gʷəl diɬ tiʔiɬ x̌ʷiqʷəq’ʷ čusəd kʷi gʷədsč’istxʷ gʷəl

diɬ

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

FOC

DIST

x̌ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ čusəd colour–white star

kʷi

gʷə=d–sč’istxʷ

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO–husband

‘ “And it is that white star that will be my husband.” ’ 408 diɬəxʷ sč’istxʷəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ tuʔəƛ’, tuxʷit’ilcut, tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il tuxʷit’ilcut, tiʔəʔ x̌ʷiqʷəq’ʷ čusəd diɬ=axʷ sč’istxʷ=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ FOC=now husband=now PR PROX:FEM

tu=ʔəƛ’

tu=xʷit’il–t–sut

PAST=come

PAST=descend–ICS–REFL

tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tiʔəʔ x̌ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ PROX:FEM Cisxwixwt’il PAST=descend–ICS–REFL PROX colour–white čusəd star

‘It is the white star who was the husband of the one who came, the one who came down, Cisxwixwt’il who came down.’ 409 diɬ bad ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb, tiʔiɬ x̌ʷiqʷəq’ʷ sčusəd diɬ FOC

bad father

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

sɬukʷalb tiʔiɬ moon DIST

x̌ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ colour–white

‘It is he who is the father of Moon, the white star.’

sčusəd star

264

Star Child

410 diɬəxʷ dəxʷəsaydigʷədəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ stab kʷi sdaʔs ʔə tiʔəʔ like tiʔəʔ dxʷləbiʔ, stab kʷi sdaʔs tudiʔ sbadbadil tul’ʔal kʷi sdᶻixʷ tushuyutid ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi sɬukʷalb diɬ=axʷ FOC=now stab what

dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–d•igʷəd=axʷ ADNM=STAT–known–ICS•inside.body=now

kʷi REM

sdaʔ–s ʔə tiʔəʔ name–3PO PR PROX

ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ PR PROX people

like tiʔəʔ dxʷləbiʔ stab like PROX Lummi what

sdaʔ–s tudiʔ sbad–badil name–3PO DIST.DMA DSTR–mountain

kʷi REM

tul’–ʔal

kʷi

s=dzixʷ

CNTRFG–at

REM

NM=first

tu=s=huyu–t–id ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS.SBRD PR Diaper.Child

ʔi CONJ

sɬukʷalb moon

‘That is how they know the names of the people like the Lummi and all the names of the mountains there because of what Diaper Child and Moon did.’ 411 tuhuyəxʷ tiʔəʔ syayus əlgʷəʔ tu=huyu=axʷ PAST=made=now

tiʔəʔ s=yayus=s əlgʷəʔ PROX NM=work=3PO PL

‘Their work was done.’ 412 gʷəl tucutəb ʔə sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl

tu=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PAST=say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

sɬukʷalb moon

tiʔəʔ PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘The Moon spoke to his younger brother,’ 413 ɬuʔabyidəxʷ čəɬ kʷi səliʔ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=ʔab–yi–t=axʷ čəɬ IRR=extend–DAT–ICS=now 1PL.SUB

kʷi

s=həliʔ

tiʔəʔ

REM

NM=alive

PROX

‘ “Now we will give life to the land.” ’ 414 tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsəliʔs tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX country

gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=həli=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=NM=alive=3PO

‘The country was not alive.’

swatixʷtəd country

Dora Solomon

265

415 xʷiʔ gʷəɬukʷaɬs xʷiʔ

gʷə=ɬukʷaɬ–s

NEG

SBJ=sun–3PO

‘It didn’t have a sun.’ 416 huy tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ huy SCONJ

tu=cut=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say=now PROX

‘Then he said.’ 417 tuwiliq’ʷidəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ PAST=ask–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He asked his younger brother,’ 418 čad kʷ(i) adsgʷaʔ čad kʷi where REM

ad–sgʷaʔ 2SG.PO–ones.own

‘ “Where is yours?’ 419 diɬ ʔu kʷi səɬax̌il diɬ

ʔu

kʷi

FOC

INT

REM

sləɬax̌il evening

‘ “Is it the evening?’ 420 diɬ ʔu kʷi sləx̌il diɬ

ʔu

kʷi

FOC

INT

REM

sləx̌il daylight

‘ “Is it the dawn?” ’ 421 tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=cut=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say=now PROX

‘Diaper Child spoke,’

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

266

Star Child

422 ʔuˑ, diɬ kʷi səɬax̌il kʷi dsx̌aƛ’ ʔu

diɬ

kʷi

INTJ

FOC

REM

sləɬax̌il evening

kʷi

d=s=x̌aƛ’ 1SG.PO=NM=desire

REM

‘ “Oh, the evening is the one I desire.” ’ 423 tuʔəƛ’axʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=ʔəƛ’a=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=come.to=now PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child came.’ 424 x̌ʷuˑl’ hiqiqəb tuqʷiq’ʷ x̌ʷul’ hiq–iqəb tu=qʷiq’ʷ only DIM.EFF–desire PAST=strong

‘He just wanted it to be strong.’ 425 hiqiqəb tasləx̌ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd hiq–iqəb DIM.EFF–desire

tu=ʔas–ləx̌ PAST=STAT–light

tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX country

‘He wanted a strong light in the world.’ 426 tuʔəƛ’axʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tu=ʔəƛ’a=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=come.to=now PROX

sɬukʷalb moon

‘The Moon came then.’ 427 gʷəl hiqiqəb tut’əs gʷəl

hiq–iqəb

tu=t’əs

SCONJ

DIM.EFF–desire

PAST=cold

‘And he wants cold.’ 428 tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tu=cut=axʷ PAST=say=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘The Moon spoke,’

sɬukʷalb moon

Dora Solomon

267

429 ʔuˑ, ɬuʔay’waʔs čəɬ tiʔəʔ ʔu

ɬu=ʔaq’•waʔs IRR=change•pair

INTJ

čəɬ tiʔəʔ 1PL.SUB PROX

‘ “I will trade.’ 430 ɬuʔəƛ’ čəxʷ ʔal kʷi sləx̌il čəda ɬuʔəƛ’ ʔal kʷi səɬax̌il ɬu=ʔəƛ’ čəxʷ ʔal IRR=come 2SG.SUB at

kʷi

sləx̌il dawn

REM

čəda 1SG.COORD

ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come

ʔal kʷi at REM

sləɬax̌il evening

‘ “You will come at dawn and I will come in the evening.” ’ 431 They changed right there 432 Sun rise in the morning, the sun 433 The sɬukʷalb comes in the night and that was just right for the earth 9 434 They give life to the earth, the sun and the moon 435 tucuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=cut–c=axʷ PAST=say–ALTV=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘He said to his younger brother.’ 436 tiʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ sdaʔ čəɬ, sɬukʷalb ʔi tiʔəʔ ɬukʷaɬ tiʔəʔ

tiʔəʔ

PROX

PROX

sdaʔ name

čəɬ 1PL.PO

sɬukʷalb moon

ʔi

tiʔəʔ

CONJ

PROX

‘ “Those, those will be our names, Moon and Sun.’ 437 diɬ sdaʔ čəɬ diɬ FOC

sdaʔ name

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “That is how we will be named.” ’

9

sɬukʷalb ‘moon’.

ɬukʷaɬ sun

268

Star Child

438 tuhuyəxʷ tiʔiɬ syayus əlgʷəʔ tu=huyu=axʷ PAST=made=now

tiʔiɬ

s=yayus=s əlgʷəʔ NM=work=3PO PL

DIST

‘They did their work.’ 439 And they went up 440 diɬ šac’s ʔu tiʔiɬ syəyəhub diɬ

s=šac’=s

ʔu

tiʔiɬ

FOC

NM=finished=3PO

INT

DIST

VH: ‘Is that the end of the story?’ 441 haʔɬ syəyəhub tiʔiɬ haʔɬ good

syəyəhub legend

tiʔiɬ DIST

DS: ‘It is a good story.’

syəyəhub legend

3 Mary Sampson Willup c. 1880–1966

Mary (Moore Sampson) Willup berry picking with her daughter Alvina in mountains near Concrete, c. 1930. Courtesy of Swinomish Tribal Archive

Mary Moore Sampson Willup was born around 1880 in the Skagit Valley to Jim and Jennie Moore and grew up near Bow Hill, Washington. She married James Sampson and together they had seven children. Following James’ death in 1929, Mary wed Patrick Willup of Swinomish. Mary was one of the most accomplished basket makers at Swinomish during the twentieth century, and by the 1950s one of the few left who knew how and where to gather materials, and then process them, for basket making. She painstakingly took over a month to weave each of her exquisite creations, and upon her passing in 1966 there was no one at Swinomish who could match her level of expertise. The Willup family were close friends of the Hilberts, and Vi Hilbert remembered her Aunt Mary as an excellent storyteller with an infectious laugh. She was a member of the Shaker Church and was recorded by both Vivian Williams and Leon Metcalf singing Shaker and Spirit Power songs. – Theresa L. Trebon Records Manager – Tribal Archivist Swinomish Indian Tribal Community

270

Star Child

Star Child

as told by Mary Sampson Willup1

1

ʔəsɬaɬlil tsiʔiɬ k’aʔk’aʔ, ʔalš ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔas–ɬaɬlil STAT–live

tsiʔiɬ

k’aʔk’aʔ crow

DIST:FEM

ʔalš cross.sex.sibling

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘Crow, the sister of Raven, lives there.’ 2

gʷəl ʔəbsbədaʔ, ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ baby gʷəl

ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ

SCONJ

STAT–PROP–offspring

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

baby baby

‘And she has a baby.’ 3

gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷat ʔəsʔaladᶻlyid gʷəl SCONJ

xʷiʔ gʷat who

NEG

ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔl–yi–t STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS

‘But there is no one to babysit for her.’ 4

ləcuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ləcu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ CONT–hunt

‘She forages,’ 5

ləcuč’aʔəd tiʔəʔ sʔəɬəd ləcu–č’aʔ–t CONT–dug.up–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

sʔəɬəd food

‘She digs roots for food.’ 6

huy tučəɬəxʷ ʔaladᶻɬəd ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ … huy SCONJ

tu=čəɬ=axʷ ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ–t PAST=make=now care.for•child–ICS

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘Then she made a babysitter out of ...’

 Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 60A), 8 May 1954, with Mary Willup, a speaker of the Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.

1

Mary Sampson Willup

7

271

tučəɬəxʷ ʔaladᶻɬəd [tul’ʔal] tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’uluˑƛ’ ƛ’uqʷɬayʔ ƛ’asɬaq’ tu=čəɬ=axʷ ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ–t tul’–ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’u=luƛ’ PAST=make=now care.for•child–ICS CNTRFG–at PROX here HAB=old ƛ’u=qʷɬayʔ HAB=log

ƛ’u=ʔas–ɬaq’a HAB=STAT–fallen

‘She made a babysitter out of this old log that was lying there.’ 8

ƛ’asp’q’adᶻəbəxʷ ƛ’u=ʔas–p’q’adᶻ–b=axʷ HAB=STAT–rotten.wood–MD=now

‘It was a rotten log.’ 9

ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔiɬ qʷɬayʔ ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

tiʔiɬ

qʷɬayʔ log

DIST

‘She goes up to that log.’ 10

gʷəl t’x̌abid gʷəl

t’x̌abid step.over

SCONJ

‘And steps over it.’ 11

buusaɬ kʷi st’x̌abids buus•aɬ four•CLS

kʷi

s=t’x̌abid=s

REM

NM=step.over=3PO

‘Four times she steps over it.’ 12

gʷəl huyil ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷəl SCONJ

huyu–il made–INCH

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

‘And it becomes a person.’ 13

gʷəl diɬəxʷ ʔəsʔaladᶻlyidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bədaʔs gʷəl

diɬ=axʷ

ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔl–yi–t=axʷ

SCONJ

FOC=now

STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS=now

ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PR PROX here

272

Star Child

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

‘And that is the babysitter for her baby.’ 14

ʔa tiʔəʔ suʔibəšs, suxʷiʔxʷiʔs ʔa be.there

tiʔəʔ PROX

s=ʔu–ʔibəš=s NM=PFV–travel=3PO

s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ=s NM=PFV–hunt=3PO

‘There she is walking about, foraging.’ 15

gʷəl tudxʷdigʷid tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ ʔəsʔaladᶻlyid gʷəl

tu=dxʷ–digʷi–t

tsiʔiɬ

SCONJ

PAST=CTD–advise–ICS

DIST:FEM

luƛ’ old

ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔl–yi–t STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS

‘And she advised that old woman who babysat for her.’ 16

xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsudaʔad ʔə kʷi stubš t(i) adʔibac xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=ʔu–daʔa–t ʔə 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–named–ICS PR

kʷi REM

stubš man

ti SPEC

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “Do not refer to your grandson as a male.’ 17

gʷəʔa kʷi gʷələgʷaxʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ čxʷa gʷələqbid čxʷa gʷəkʷədyitəb čxʷa gʷəɬik’ʷtxʷyitəb gʷə=ʔa kʷi gʷə=lə=gʷaxʷ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ čxʷa gʷə=ləq–bi–t SBJ=be.there REM SBJ=PROG=walk PL–woman 2SG.COORD SBJ=listen–MAP–ICS čxʷa 2SG.COORD

gʷə=kʷəda–yi–t–b SBJ=taken–DAT–ICS–PASS

čxʷa 2SG.COORD

gʷə=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–yi–t–b SBJ=hooked–ECS–DAT–ICS–PASS

‘ “There might be women walking about and you could be overheard and he could be grabbed him from you and kidnapped from you.’ 18

x̌ʷul’ sɬadəyʔlucidbid čəxʷ kʷ(i) adsuhaʔləd ɬux̌aabəs x̌ʷul’ only

sɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

čəxʷ kʷi 2SG.SUB REM

ad=s=ʔu–haʔl–t 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–good–ICS

ɬu=x̌aab=as IRR=cry=3SBRD

‘ “Just address him as a female when you comfort him when he cries.” ’

Mary Sampson Willup

19

273

xʷiʔ ləhaʔkʷ ti səslax̌ ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ xʷiʔ

lə=haʔkʷ

ti

s=ʔas–lax̌

NEG

NEGP=long.time

SPEC

NM=STAT–remember

ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ PR DIST:FEM old

‘That old woman does not remember for long.’ 20

gʷəl lədaʔadəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔə kʷi stubš gʷəl

lə=daʔa–t=axʷ

SCONJ

PROG=named–ICS=now DIST

tiʔiɬ

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

stubš man

‘And she refers to him as a male.’ 21

ləqdubəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ləgʷax̌ʷ ləq–dxʷ–b=axʷ listen–DC–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

lə=gʷax̌ʷ

PROX

PL–woman

PROG=walk

‘She is heard by these women who are walking about.’ 22

hədʔiw’cəbəxʷ hədʔiw’–c–b=axʷ indoors–ALTV–PASS=now

‘They come into the house to her.’ 23

gʷəl tiləbəxʷ ʔukʷədyitəb ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔibacs gʷəl SCONJ

tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

ʔu–kʷəda–yi–t–b PFV–taken–DAT–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO

‘And right away they grabbed her grandson from her.’ 24

bədaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ bədaʔ offspring

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘He is the child of Crow.’ 25

gʷəl ɬik’ʷtub gʷəl SCONJ

ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b hooked–ECS–PASS

‘And he is kidnapped.’

k’aʔk’aʔ crow

tiʔiɬ DIST

274

26

Star Child

ʔux̌ʷtubəxʷ dxʷq’xʷulgʷədxʷ dəxʷʔasəxʷ ƛ’ax̌ʷtubəxʷ tiʔiɬ baby ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now

dxʷ–q’xʷ•ulgʷədxʷ

dəxʷ=ʔa=s=axʷ

CNTRPT–upriver•land

ADNM=be.there=3PO=now

ƛ’ax̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ grow–ECS–PASS=now

tiʔiɬ

baby baby

DIST

‘The baby is taken to a place upstream where he is brought up.’ 27

gʷəl luƛ’il ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ q’xʷulgʷədxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

luƛ’–il old–INCH

ʔə tiʔ–iʔiɬ PR PL–DIST

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ ʔal at

PL–woman

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

q’xʷ•ulgʷədxʷ upstream•land

‘And he grows up with those women at that remote place upstream.’ 28

gʷəl ƛ’udigʷitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tiʔiɬ gʷəl

ƛ’u=digʷi–t–b

SCONJ

HAB=advise–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

tiʔiɬ

PROX

PL–woman

DIST

‘And these women would advise him.’ 29

xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsuʔibəš dxʷʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ adsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=ʔu–ʔibəš dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel CNTRPT–downstream•land

ad=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔə PR

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

‘ “Do not travel in the area downstream when you hunt big game.’ 30

xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsuʔibəš xʷiʔ kʷi NEG

REM

ad=s=ʔu–ʔibəš 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel

‘ “Do not travel there.’ 31

x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ diʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ kʷ(i) adsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ only 2SG.SUB

diʔəʔ here

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ

kʷi

PROX

REM

ad=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt

‘ “You just (stay around) here when you hunt.” ’

tiʔəʔ PROX

Mary Sampson Willup

32

275

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ləʔahil tiʔiɬ x̌əč ʔə tiʔiɬ stubš x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

lə=ʔa–il

tiʔiɬ

PROG=be.there–INCH

DIST

x̌əč mind

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

stubš man

‘(The idea) enters the mind of that man.’ 33

gʷəl dxʷscutəbəxʷ gʷəl

dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–say–DSD=now

‘And he thinks.’ 34

ƛ’ubəxʷ čəd ɬudxʷsaydxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now

čəd 1SG.SUB

ɬu=dxʷs–hay–dxʷ IRR=CTD–known–DC

‘ “I should find out.’ 35

ʔuˑ, ʔəsʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷx̌aʔx̌aʔtubs ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ gʷədsuʔibəš dxʷʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ dsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔu

ʔas–ʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=x̌aʔx̌aʔ–txʷ–b=s STAT–what.happen PTCL DIST ADNM=taboo–ECS–PASS=3PO

INTJ

ʔə PR

tiʔ–iʔiɬ PL–DIST

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ gʷə=d=s=ʔu–ʔibəš dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ ʔə PL–woman SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel CNTRPT–downstream•land PR tiʔiɬ DIST

d=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ 1SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt

‘ “Oh, why is my travel downstream when I hunt prohibited by those women?” ’ 36

huy, ʔibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘So he travels.’ 37

ʔibəšəxʷ ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘He travels.’

276

38

Star Child

ʔəsʔəx̌id kʷi sʔibəšs dxʷʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ ʔas–ʔəx̌id STAT–what.happen

kʷi

s=ʔibəš=s

dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ

REM

NM=travel=3PO

CNTRPT–downstream•land

‘How far does he travel into the area downstream?’ 39

tiləbəxʷ ʔuləqdxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ləcuƛ’əladiʔ tiləb=axʷ ʔu–ləq–dxʷ tiʔəʔ immediately=now PFV–listen–DC PROX

diʔəʔ here

ləcu–ƛ’əladiʔ CONT–make.noise

‘Suddenly he hears this sound.’ 40

həʔi, həʔi, həʔi ‘ “Oh, oh, oh.” ’

41

ʔuʔəƛ’axʷ dᶻəɬ ti dqa tə dəxʷʔəƛ’ ʔə ti sq’aƛ’[əb] ʔu–ʔəƛ’=axʷ PFV–come=now ti SPEC

dᶻəɬ

ti

PTCL

SPEC

d–qa 1SG.PO–older.brother

tə

dəxʷ=ʔəƛ’

NSPEC

ADNM=come

sq’aƛ’əb be.cloudy

‘ “My older brother must have come now which is why the clouds have come.” ’ 42

həʔi həʔi hey

‘ “Oh.” ’ 43

kiisəxʷ kiis=axʷ stand=now

‘He stands.’ 44

gʷəl ləqəladiʔbid gʷəl SCONJ

ləq•əl•adiʔ–bi–t listen•CNN•ear–MAP–ICS

‘And he hears it.’

ʔə PR

Mary Sampson Willup

45

277

laʔədəxʷ čad tiʔiɬ sʔa ʔə tiʔiɬ ləcuƛ’əladiʔ laʔ–t=axʷ localize–ICS=now

čad tiʔiɬ s=ʔa ʔə where DIST NM=be.there PR

tiʔiɬ

ləcu–ƛ’əladiʔ

DIST

CONT–make.noise

‘He locates where it is that the sound was.’ 46

huy ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

‘Then he goes to it.’ 47

ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

‘He goes up to it.’ 48

ʔəsč’ədᶻəd tiʔiɬ dxʷʔal sɬčis, dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ dəxʷʔas ʔas–č’ədᶻ–t STAT–sneak–ICS

tiʔiɬ

dxʷ–ʔal

s=ɬčil–s=s

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔiɬ

DIST

CNTRPT–at

NM=arrive–ALTV=3PO

CNTRPT–at

DIST

dəxʷ=ʔa=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘He sneaks up on it until he reaches it where it is.’ 49

tiʔiɬ little boy tiʔiɬ DIST

little little

boy boy

‘It is a little boy.’ 50

put hikʷ tiʔəʔ k’tuʔs put really

hikʷ big

tiʔəʔ PROX

k’tuʔ–s belly–3PO

‘His belly is really big.’ 51

put saʔ ʔəxʷč’asusəxʷ put saʔ ʔas–dxʷ–č’as•us=axʷ really bad STAT–CTD–dirty•face=now

‘The face is really bad and dirty.’

278

52

Star Child

putəxʷ ʔəsbəc’bəc’ulbalus put=axʷ really=now

ʔas–bəc’–bəc’ulb•alus STAT–DSTR–pus•eye

‘The eyes are all filled with pus.’ 53

ɬčisəxʷ tiʔiɬ ləcucutcut ɬčil–s=axʷ tiʔiɬ arrive–ALTV=now DIST

ləcu–cut–cut CONT–DSTR–say

‘He reaches that one who is talking.’ 54

gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷid gʷəl

lə=wiliq’ʷi–t

SCONJ

PROG=ask–ICS

‘And he asks him.’ 55

ləcuʔidigʷat čəxʷ ləcu–ʔidigʷat CONT–say.what

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “What are you saying?” ’ 56

tiləbəxʷ ʔucut tiʔiɬ tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

ʔu–cut

tiʔiɬ

PFV–say

DIST

‘Right away he said.’ 57

ʔuˑ, tukʷədatəb k’ʷəɬ ʔə kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ tul’q’xʷulgʷədxʷ tiʔiɬ tudsqa ʔu

tu=kʷəda–t–b k’ʷəɬ PAST=taken–ICS–PASS QTV

INTJ

ʔə kʷi sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PR REM PL–woman

tul’–q’xʷ•ulgʷədxʷ

tiʔiɬ

tu=d–sqa

CNTRFG–upstream•land

DIST

PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother

‘ “Oh, they say that my older brother was taken by women from an area upriver.’ 58

gʷəl tusqadaʔs gʷəl

tu=s=qadaʔ=s

SCONJ

PAST=NM=steal=3PO

‘ “Thus was he stolen.’

Mary Sampson Willup

59

279

gʷəl tuʔux̌ʷtxʷ gʷəl

tu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ

SCONJ

PAST=go–ECS

‘ “And they took him.’ 60

gʷəl diɬ tiʔəʔ cəxʷux̌aab gʷəl

diɬ

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

FOC

PROX

d=dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌aab 1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–cry

‘ “And that is why I am crying.” ’ 61

tiləb ʔucutəb ʔə tiʔiɬ tiləb immediately

ʔu–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘Right away he is answered by him (the hunter).’ 62

hiwisəbəxʷ hiwil–s–b=axʷ go.ahead–ALTV–PASS=now

‘He goes right up to him.’ 63

gʷəl ləcutəb ʔə tiʔiɬ gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘And he (the hunter) says to him,’ 64

ʔəca x̌ʷuʔələʔ tiʔiɬ adəxʷudxʷʔəhadəd ʔəca x̌ʷuʔələʔ I maybe

tiʔiɬ DIST

ad=dəxʷ=ʔu–dxʷʔəhad–t 2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–talk–ICS

‘ “I am, perhaps, the one you are talking about.’ 65

sɬəɬadəyʔ tiʔiɬ ʔatubš ʔal tiʔiɬ q’xʷulgədxʷ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔa–txʷ–bš be.there–ECS–1SG.OBJ

ʔal at

‘ “Those who took me upriver are women.” ’

tiʔiɬ DIST

q’xʷulgədxʷ upstream

280

66

Star Child

tiləbəxʷ ʔuhiwis tiʔiɬ tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

ʔu–hiwil–s

tiʔiɬ

PFV–go.ahead–ALTV

DIST

‘Right away he goes up to him (the boy).’ 67

gʷəl tašadəxʷ, gʷəl tašadəxʷ, gʷəl tašadəxʷ, gʷəl tašadəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

taša–t=axʷ gʷəl taša–t=axʷ gʷəl taša–t=axʷ gʷəl stroke–ICS=now SCONJ stroke–ICS=now SCONJ stroke–ICS=now SCONJ

taša–t=axʷ stroke–ICS=now

‘And he strokes him, and strokes him, and strokes him, and strokes him.’ 68

gʷəl tašadəxʷ tiʔəʔ sʔacus ʔə tiʔiɬ gʷəl SCONJ

taša–t=axʷ stroke–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ

s=ʔac•us

PROX

NM=centre•face

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘And he strokes the face of that [boy].’ 69

qʷibid qʷibi–t prepared–ICS

‘He fixes him up.’ 70

qʷibidəxʷ gʷəl haʔɬil qʷibi–t=axʷ prepared–ICS=now

gʷəl SCONJ

haʔɬ–il good–INCH

‘He fixes him and he became whole.’ 71

tiləbəxʷ ʔucuucəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

ʔu–cut–c–b PFV–say–ALTV–PASS

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘Right away he was spoken to by him (the hunter).’ 72

ɬuʔəƛ’ čəd ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I will come.’

diʔəʔ here

Mary Sampson Willup

73

281

ɬuʔəƛ’axʷ čəd dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ kʷ(i) adəxʷʔa ʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬu=ʔəƛ’=axʷ čəd dxʷ–ʔal IRR=come=now 1SG.SUB CNTRPT–at

tiʔiɬ

kʷi

DIST

REM

ad=dəxʷ=ʔa 2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘ “I will come to the place where your people are.’ 74

ɬuʔəƛ’axʷ čəd ɬu=ʔəƛ’=axʷ IRR=come=now

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I will come.’ 75

gʷəl ɬuʔəbsxʷiʔxʷiʔ čəd ʔə kʷi hiˑkʷ tatačulbixʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬu=ʔas–bəs–sxʷiʔxʷiʔ IRR=STAT–PROP–game

čəd ʔə 1SG.SUB PR

kʷi

hikʷ tatačulbixʷ big big.game.animal

REM

‘ “And I will have as my game a very large animal.’ 76

gʷəl ʔabil’əxʷ ʔa kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ two girls ʔal kʷ(i) adəxʷʔa gʷəl SCONJ

ʔabil’=axʷ ʔa kʷi perhaps=now be.there REM

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

two two

girls girls

ʔal at

kʷi REM

ad=dəxʷ=ʔa 2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

‘ “And if there are women, two girls, at your place.’ 77

gʷəl ʔabil’əxʷ ɬučəbaʔtxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ dsxʷiʔxʷiʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔabil’=axʷ perhaps=now

ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ

əlgʷəʔ

tiʔəʔ

IRR=backpack–ECS

PL

PROX

d=sxʷiʔxʷiʔ 1SG.PO–game

‘ “And perhaps they can pack my game on their backs.’ 78

gʷəl diɬ ɬučəgʷas tiʔiɬ ɬučəbaʔtxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl

diɬ

ɬu=čəgʷas

tiʔiɬ

ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

FOC

IRR=wife

DIST

IRR=backpack–ECS

DIST

‘ “And the one who can backpack it will be (my) wife.” ’ 79

tiləbəxʷ ʔuhuyucut tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ k’ʷak’ʷt’ad ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ waw’lis tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

ʔu–huyu–t–sut

tsiʔəʔ

PFV–made–ICS–REFL

PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ k’ʷa–k’ʷt’ad ʔi here ATTN–mouse CONJ

282

Star Child

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

wa–w’lis ATTN–frog

‘Right away Little Mouse and Frog get ready.’ 80

tsiʔəʔ ƛ’ugreen tə ƛ’ustababacs waw’lis ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’uk’ʷak’ʷt’ad x̌əɬ ti ƛ’ux̌ʷiqʷac gʷəɬ tiʔəʔ woods tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ƛ’u=green HAB=green

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

gʷəɬ

tiʔəʔ

ASSC

PROX

tə

ƛ’u=s=tab•abac=s

wa–w’lis

ʔi

NSPEC

HAB=NM=do•body=3PO

ATTN–frog

CONJ

ƛ’u=k’ʷa–k’ʷt’ad HAB=ATTN–mouse

x̌əɬ‿ti seemingly

ƛ’u=x̌ʷi–qʷac HAB=color–light.green

woods woods

‘The colour of Frog would be this green and Little Mouse, she is like the pale green of the woods.’ 81

šušɬbitəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ ɬuʔaɬx̌adəs šu–šɬ–bi–t–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ ATTN–see–MAP–ICS–PASS=now DIST

ɬu=ʔaɬx̌ad=as IRR=downstream=3SBRD

‘They watch for him to come downstream.’ 82

ʔaɬx̌ad dəxʷʔahiləxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ [s]ləx̌ils ʔaɬx̌ad downstream

dəxʷ=ʔa–il=axʷ ʔə ADNM=be.there–INCH=now PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

s=ləx̌–il=s NM=light–INCH=3PO

‘It is downstream where it becomes light.’ 83

gʷəl ʔaɬx̌ad gʷəl SCONJ

ʔaɬx̌ad downstream

‘And he comes downstream.’ 84

tiləbəxʷ ʔuk’ʷit’ tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tiləb=axʷ ʔu–k’ʷit’ immediately=now PFV–shoreward

tiʔəʔ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

PROX

PL–woman

‘Right away these women (Frog and Little Mouse) go down to the water.’

Mary Sampson Willup

85

283

kʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ k’ʷak’ʷt’ad tiʔiɬ biac kʷəda–t–b=axʷ taken–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ

k’ʷa–k’ʷt’ad

tiʔiɬ

PROX:FEM

ATTN–mouse

DIST

biac meat

‘Little Mouse grabs this meat.’ 86

gʷəl x̌ʷ[al’] tučəbaʔəd gʷəl

x̌ʷal’ tu=čəbaʔ–t fail PAST=backpack–ICS

SCONJ

‘And she fails to backpack it.’ 87

xʷiʔ gʷəsčəbaʔtxʷs xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=čəbaʔ–txʷ=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=backpack–ECS=3PO

‘She cannot get it onto her back.’ 88

diɬiɬəxʷ tsiʔəʔ waw’lis tiʔəʔ ʔučəbaʔəd tiʔiɬ diɬ–iɬ=axʷ tsiʔəʔ INTNS–FOC=now PROX:FEM

wa–w’lis

tiʔəʔ

ʔu–čəbaʔ–t

tiʔiɬ

ATTN–frog

PROX

PFV–backpack–ICS

DIST

‘Little Frog is the one who backpacks it.’ 89

gʷəl čubəstxʷ2 gʷəl SCONJ

čubə–stxʷ go.inland–ECS

‘And she took it up the bank.’ 90

diɬəxʷ dəxʷdiɬs ʔukʷədxʷ tiʔəʔ stubš, dəxʷʔas ʔal tudiʔ sɬukʷalb diɬ=axʷ FOC=now ʔal at

dəxʷ=diɬ=s

ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ tiʔəʔ

ADNM=FOC=3PO

PFV–taken–DC

tudiʔ DIST.DMA

PROX

stubš man

dəxʷ=ʔa=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

sɬukʷalb moon

‘That is why she is the one who got this man, why she is there on yonder moon.’

 The form čubəstxʷ is an archaic variant of čubətxʷ.

2

284

91

Star Child

ʔəshuygʷəsəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔas–huyu•gʷəs=axʷ STAT–made•pair=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘She is married to him.’ 92

tsiʔiɬ waw’lis tuləskʷədxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cədiɬ suq’ʷaʔs tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

wa–w’lis

tu=ləs–kʷəda–dxʷ

tiʔəʔ

ATTN–frog

PAST=PROG.STAT–taken–DC

PROX

diʔəʔ cədiɬ here s/he

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘The one who managed to get his younger brother was that Little Frog.’ 93

tuƛ’ip’id, tuƛ’ip’id, tuƛ’ip’id tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ tu=ƛ’ip’i–t PAST=squeeze–ICS

tu=ƛ’ip’i–t

tu=ƛ’ip’i–t

PAST=squeeze–ICS

PAST=squeeze–ICS

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔudaw’ fat

‘He squeezed it, he squeezed it, he squeezed it, this fat.’ 94

tuhigʷil tu=hikʷ–il PAST=big–INCH

‘It got big.’ 95

hay gʷəl tucuuc tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs hay

gʷəl

tu=cut–c

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=say–ALTV

PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘So then he told his younger brother.’ 96

x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬ[ul]aʔ dxʷʔal ʔalʔal čxʷa ɬux̌ix̌ilix̌txʷ kʷi stawixʷəʔɬ x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬu=ɬaʔ dxʷ–ʔal ʔalʔal only 2SG.SUB IRR=arrive CNTRPT–at house kʷi REM

čxʷa ɬu=x̌i–x̌ilix̌–txʷ 2SG.COORD IRR=ATTN–battle–ECS

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘ “When you reach the house, you will compete with the children.’

Mary Sampson Willup

97

285

ɬuʔukʷukʷtxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ ɬu=ʔukʷukʷ–txʷ IRR=play–ECS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘ “You will have them play with this.” ’ 98

ɬčiləxʷ tiʔiɬ ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘He (the child) arrived.’ 99

gʷəl gʷaagʷəd gʷəl SCONJ

gʷaagʷəd converse

‘And he converses.’ 100 gʷəl cut gʷəl SCONJ

cut say

‘He says.’ 101 dsəsʔabyitəb ʔə tiʔiɬ dsqa tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cəxʷx̌ix̌ilix̌txʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷəʔɬ d=s=ʔas–ʔab–yi–t–b ʔə 1SG.PO=NM=STAT–extend–DAT–ICS–PASS PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

diʔəʔ d=dəxʷ=x̌i–x̌ilix̌–txʷ tiʔəʔ here 1SG.PO=ADNM=ATTN–battle–ECS PROX

d–sqa tiʔəʔ 1SG.PO–older.brother PROX diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ here children

‘ “My older brother has given me this so I can compete with the children.” ’ 102 tiləb ʔuʔəƛ’ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tiləb ʔu–ʔəƛ’ immediately PFV–come

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘Right away Raven comes.’ 103 hay gʷəl tucutəxʷ tiʔiɬ hay

gʷəl

tu=cut=axʷ

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=say=now

DIST

‘And then he (the hunter) spoke.’

286

Star Child

104 cuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now

tiʔəʔ

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

PROX

‘He said to his younger brother,’ 105 ɬuyayusəxʷ čəɬ ʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=yayus=axʷ IRR=work=now

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd land

‘ “Now we shall work in this world.’ 106 ɬuʔibəšəxʷ čəɬ ɬu=ʔibəš=axʷ čəɬ IRR=travel=now 1PL.SUB

‘ “We will travel.’ 107 ʔəca kʷi ɬuʔibəš ʔə tiʔəʔ dxʷcqʷuɬ [čəda] ɬušuuc tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔəca I

kʷi

ɬu=ʔibəš ʔə tiʔəʔ IRR=travel PR PROX

REM

tiʔəʔ PROX

dxʷcqʷuɬ čəda ɬu=šuɬ–c daytime 1SG.COORD IRR=see–ALTV

swatixʷtəd land

‘ “I will be the one who will travel during the day and I will look at this world.’ 108 gʷəl dəgʷi kʷi ɬuʔibəš ʔə kʷi ɬax̌ gʷəl SCONJ

dəgʷi you

kʷi REM

ɬu=ʔibəš ʔə IRR=travel PR

kʷi REM

ɬax̌ dark

‘ “And you will be the one who will travel at night.” ’ 109 tiʔəʔəxʷ sɬukʷalb ʔi tiʔəʔ ɬukʷaɬ tiʔəʔ=axʷ PROX=now

sɬukʷalb moon

ʔi

tiʔəʔ

CONJ

PROX

‘They are the moon and the sun.’ 110 ʔux̌ʷ tiʔiɬ ʔiɬluƛ’ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔiɬ go DIST

ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old

‘That older one goes.’

ɬukʷaɬ sun

Mary Sampson Willup

287

111 ʔibəš ʔibəš travel

‘He travels.’ 112 xʷiʔ gʷəsəšqil ʔə ɬukʷaɬ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔas–šq–il

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–high–INCH

ʔə PR

ɬukʷaɬ sun

‘The sun cannot rise high.’ 113 gʷəl xʷiʔəxʷ ləlil gʷəl hud tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl

xʷiʔ=axʷ

lə=lil

SCONJ

NEG=now

NEGP=far SCONJ

gʷəl

hud burn

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd land

‘And the world almost burns up.’ 114 hay, x̌ʷul’ ʔuɬax̌il hay SCONJ

x̌ʷul’ only

ʔu–ɬax̌–il PFV–dark–INCH

‘So, night just comes.’ 115 gʷəl cuuc tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl SCONJ

cut–c say–ALTV

tiʔəʔ PROX

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘And (the hunter) says to his younger brother,’ 116 ƛ’ub dəgʷi kʷi ɬuləʔibəš ʔə kʷi dxʷcqʷuɬ ƛ’ub well

dəgʷi kʷi you REM

ɬu=lə=ʔibəš IRR=PROG=travel

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

dxʷcqʷuɬ daytime

‘ “You should be the one to travel during the day.’ 117 gʷəl ʔəca kʷi ɬuləʔibəš ʔə kʷi ɬax̌ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔəca kʷi I REM

ɬu=lə=ʔibəš IRR=PROG=travel

ʔə PR

‘ “And I will be the one to travel at night.” ’

kʷi REM

ɬax̌ dark

288

Star Child

118 šuhu dəxʷdiɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tə ləʔibəš ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, ʔə tiʔəʔəxʷ dxʷcqʷuɬ šuɬ see

dəxʷ=diɬ=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

ADNM=FOC=now

PROX

diʔəʔ here

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ=axʷ PROX=now

sɬukʷalb moon

tə

lə=ʔibəš

NSPEC

PROG=travel

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

dxʷcqʷuɬ daytime

‘So do you see? That is why it’s the moon who travels, and this (other) one in the daytime now.’ 119 sp’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔs sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

tə NSPEC

sdaʔ–s name–3PO

‘Diaper Child is his name.’ 120 sp’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ Diaper.Child NSPEC name

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

diʔəʔ ʔə here PR

tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb moon

PROX

‘His, the moon’s, name is Diaper Child.’ 121 yəx̌i tučagʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ yəx̌i because

tu=čaʔkʷ=axʷ

tsiʔəʔ

PAST=seaward=now

PROX:FEM

k’aʔk’aʔ crow

‘Because Crow had gone down to the water.’ 122 xʷiʔəxʷ tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

tiʔəʔ tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO

PROX

‘Her child was gone.’ 123 ʔuɬik’ʷtəb ʔə kʷi tul’q’xʷulgʷədxʷ ʔu–ɬik’ʷ–t–b ʔə PFV–hooked–ICS–PASS PR

kʷi

tul’–q’x•ulgʷədxʷ

REM

CNTRFG–upstream•land

‘He has been kidnapped by those from the upriver area.’ 124 huy x̌aabəxʷ huy SCONJ

x̌aab=axʷ cry=now

‘Then she weeps.’

Mary Sampson Willup

289

125 kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ ciʔikʷiʔɬs kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ

ciʔikʷ•iʔɬ–s diaper•child–3PO

PROX

‘She has taken his diaper.’ 126 k’ʷit’ dxʷʔal tudiʔ stuləkʷ k’ʷit’ shoreward

dxʷ–ʔal

tudiʔ

CNTRPT–at

DIST.DMA

stuləkʷ river

‘She has gone down to the river over there.’ 127 diɬiɬ sux̌aabs diɬ–iɬ s=ʔu–x̌aab=s INTNS–FOC NM=PFV–cry=3PO

‘As she cries.’ 128 gʷəl ləcup’ic’id gʷəl

ləcu–p’ic’i–t

SCONJ

CONT–squeeze–ICS

‘She is wringing it out.’ 129 həʔi, həʔi, həʔi, ‘ “Oh, oh, oh.’ 130 ʔəsʔistaʔtxʷ čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ ti ciʔikʷ ʔə ti siʔab dbədaʔ ʔas–ʔistaʔ–txʷ čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ ti ciʔikʷ STAT–be.like–ECS 1SG.SUB PR PROX SPEC diaper

ʔə PR

ti SPEC

siʔab noble

d–bədaʔ 1SG.PO–offspring

‘ “This is what I do with the diaper of my noble son.” ’ 131 x̌ʷul’ ʔubuusaɬil tiʔiɬ shuyuds, [s]p’ic’ids tiʔəʔ ciʔikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bədaʔs x̌ʷul’ only

ʔu–buus•aɬ–il

tiʔiɬ

s=huyu–t=s

PFV–four•CLS–INCH

DIST

NM=made–ICS=3PO NM=wrung–ICS=3PO

tiʔəʔ PROX

ciʔikʷ diaper

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

s=p’ic’i–t=s

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

‘Just four times she does that, wrings out the diaper of her son.’

290

Star Child

132 gʷəl ləgʷč’iq’əd gʷəl

lə=gʷə=č’iq’–t

SCONJ

PROG=SBJ=cry–ICS

‘And it cries out.’ 133 huyil ʔaciɬtabixʷ huyu–il made–INCH

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘It becomes a person.’ 134 dəxʷdiɬsəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ dəxʷ=diɬ=s=axʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ADNM=FOC=3PO=now PROX here

sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ moon Diaper.Child

‘That is why Diaper Child is the one who is the moon.’ 135 sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

tiʔəʔ PROX

sɬukʷalb moon

‘The moon is Diaper Child.’ 136 ɬukʷaɬ … ɬukʷaɬ sun

‘The sun ...’ 137 dəxʷx̌ʷul’s ʔuhuy tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=x̌ʷul’=s s=ʔu–huyu=s tiʔiɬ ADNM=only=3PO NM=PFV–made=3PO DIST

‘That is just how that was done.’ 138 gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sqas gʷəl SCONJ

cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And his older brother says,’

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

Mary Sampson Willup

291

139 ɬuʔibəšəxʷ čəɬ [čɬa] ɬuyayus ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=ʔibəš=axʷ čəɬ IRR=travel=now 1PL.SUB

čɬa ɬu=yayus 1PL.COORD IRR=work

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd land

‘ “We will travel and we will work on this world.” ’ 140 ʔibəšəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ scuts, sʔibəšs ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

s=cut=s

s=ʔibəš=s

DIST

NM=say=3PO

NM=travel=3PO

‘They travel as he spoke, as they travel.’ 141 xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaɬ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬaʔ

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–arrive

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaɬ sun

DIST

‘The sun does not reach.’ 142 gʷəl x̌əɬ tuhud tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl SCONJ

x̌əɬ tu=hud seemingly PAST=burn

tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX land

‘And the land almost burned up.’ 143 huy ʔay’gʷastəgʷələxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔay’•gʷas–t–əgʷəl=axʷ change•pair–ICS–RCP=now

‘Then they change with each other.’ 144 dəxʷdiɬsəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tə ləʔibəš ʔə tə dxʷcqʷuɬ dəxʷ=diɬ=s=axʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tə lə=ʔibəš ʔə ADNM=FOC=3PO=now PROX here Diaper.Child NSPEC PROG=travel PR tə NSPEC

dxʷcqʷuɬ daytime

‘That is why it is Diaper Child who travels in the daytime.’ 145 gʷəl diɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ɬukʷaɬ tə ləʔibəš ʔal tə ɬax̌ gʷəl

diɬ

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

FOC

PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘And the sun travels at night.’

ɬukʷaɬ sun

tə

lə=ʔibəš

NSPEC

PROG=travel

ʔal at

tə NSPEC

ɬax̌ dark

292

Star Child

146 hay, diɬəxʷ šac’əxʷ hay SCONJ

diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

‘So that is the end.’

šac’=axʷ end=now

4 Harry Moses c. 1906–54

Harry Moses was a resident of the Upper Skagit River area, well known for his sense of humour and abilities as a storyteller. The father of a large family, he provided for them in the traditional way, hunting and fishing to keep food on the table. He and his wife, Jessie, were prominent members of the community and active in the Shaker Church. Vi Hilbert remembered them as happy people who helped friends and family bear the burdens of life with their words and stories, and helped out in times of trouble.

Biographical material drawn from Hilbert 1985 and an interview with Vi Hilbert by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).

294

Star Child

Star Child

as told by Harry Moses1

1

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ diič’uʔ sɬadəyʔ tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

diič’uʔ one:HMN

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘There is this one woman.’ 2

tasɬaɬlil tu=ʔas–ɬaɬlil PAST=STAT–live

‘She dwelled there.’ 3

gʷəl tabsbibədaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ stutubš gʷəl

tu=ʔas–bəs–bi–bədaʔ

SCONJ

PAST=STAT–PROP–ATTN–offspring

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

stu–tubš

PROX

ATTN–man

‘And she had a little boy.’ 4

tasx̌ix̌əq tu=ʔas–x̌i–x̌q PAST=STAT–ATTN–wrapped

‘He was swaddled.’ 5

syəyəhub syəyəhub legend

‘It is a traditional story.’ 6

gʷəl ʔa tsiʔəʔ kiaʔs gʷəl SCONJ

ʔa be.there

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

kiaʔ–s grandmother–3PO

‘And his grandmother is there.’ 1

Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 32A), 28 November 1952, with Harry Moses, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect. at Marblemount, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. A preliminary version of the analysis presented here was published as part of Beck and Hess 2010.

Harry Moses

7

295

ƛ’asʔaldᶻiʔɬtxʷ ʔəsʔibəšəs gʷəč’aɬdalbəs ʔə kʷi stəb gʷəsuʔəɬəds əlgʷəʔ, kʷi suciqʷs, sugʷəč’əds kʷi sq’ʷəlaɬəd ƛ’u=ʔas–ʔaldᶻ•iʔɬ–txʷ ʔas–ʔibəš=as HAB=STAT–care.for•child–ECS STAT–travel=3SBRD ʔə PR

kʷi REM

stəb what

gʷə=č’aɬdal–b=as SBJ=forage–CSMD=3SBRD

gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd=s

əlgʷəʔ kʷi

SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

s=ʔu–ciqʷ=s NM=PFV–dig.roots=3PO

REM

s=ʔu–gʷəč’–t=s NM=PFV–search–ICS=3PO

kʷi REM

sq’ʷəlaɬəd berry

‘She always babysits when (the mother) foraged for what they ate, when she went root-digging, looking for berries.’ 8

gʷəl ƛ’uʔa tsiʔəʔ kiʔs ƛ’uʔal ʔalʔal gʷəl

ƛ’u=ʔa

tsiʔəʔ

SCONJ

HAB=be.there

PROX:FEM

kiaʔ–s grandmother–3PO

ƛ’u=ʔal HAB=at

ʔalʔal house

‘And his grandmother is always there in the house.’ 9

ƛ’asx̌iid tiʔəʔ bibədaʔs ʔəsx̌ix̌əq ƛ’u=ʔas–x̌ii–t HAB=STAT–catch.on–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

bi–bədaʔ–s ATTN–offspring–3PO

ʔas–x̌i–x̌q STAT–ATTN–wrapped

‘She takes care of her little child who is swaddled.’ 10

ƛ’ast’agʷtxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ dᶻakʷtəd ƛ’u=ʔas–t’agʷt–txʷ HAB=STAT–on.top–ECS

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

dᶻakʷa–təd shake–IMPL

‘She always has him up in a rocker.’ 11

gʷəl ƛ’udᶻakʷatəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ ʔibacs gʷəl

ƛ’u=dᶻakʷa–t–b

SCONJ

HAB=shake–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

tiʔəʔ ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO

PROX

‘And the grandson is always being rocked by the old woman.’ 12

gʷəl tucutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, ʔə tsiʔəʔ bədaʔs gʷəl SCONJ

tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

‘And her daughter said to her.’

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

296

13

Star Child

xʷiʔ kʷi ɬadstubšlucidbid tiʔəʔ adʔibac xʷiʔ

kʷi

ɬu=ad=s=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t

tiʔəʔ

NEG

REM

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

PROX

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “You will not address your grandson as a male.’ 14

x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuɬadəyʔlucidbid x̌ʷul’ only

čəxʷ ɬu=ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t 2SG.SUB IRR=woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

‘ “You will just speak to him as female.” ’ 15

[ʔə]x̌id dxʷʔal kʷi gʷəskʷədyitid ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəstubšəs, ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔibacs ʔəx̌id dxʷ–ʔal kʷi gʷə=s=kʷəda–yi–t–id ʔə what.happen CNTRPT–at REM SBJ=NM=taken–DAT–ICS–PASS:sbrd PR diʔəʔ gʷə=stubš=as here SBJ=man=3SBRD

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ stubš ʔə tiʔəʔ man PR PROX

PROX

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO

‘Because he might be taken since he is male, if her grandchild is male.’ 16

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷəscuucs tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔas–cut–c=s here ADNM=STAT–say–ALTV=3PO

‘This is why she is told,’ 17

ƛ’ub x̌ʷul’ ɬusɬadəyʔ ƛ’ub well

x̌ʷul’ ɬu=sɬadəyʔ only IRR=woman

‘He should just be (referred to as) female.’ 18

gʷəl ck’ʷaˑqid ƛ’aslax̌dub ʔə tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ tucuucid ʔə tsiʔəʔ bədaʔs gʷəl SCONJ

ck’ʷaqid ƛ’u=ʔas–lax̌–dxʷ–b always HAB=STAT–remember–DC–PASS

tu=cut–c–id PAST=say–ALTV–PASS.SBRD

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ PROX:FEM old PROX

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

‘And always this old woman would remember what her daughter had told her.’

Harry Moses

19

297

x̌ʷul’ ƛ’uɬadəyʔlucidbid tiʔəʔ ʔibacs x̌aabəs x̌ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t

tiʔəʔ

HAB=woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS

PROX

ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO

‘She would only sing female lullabies to her son when he cries.’ 20

x̌ʷubil tsi cəxʷstudəq x̌ʷubil tsi d=dəxʷ=studəq quiet SPEC:FEM 1SG.PO=ADNM=slave

‘ “Be still, my little pet!’ 21

x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet

‘ “Be still!’ 22

xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsux̌aab xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=ʔu–x̌aab 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–cry

‘ “Don’t cry!” ’ 23

diɬəxʷ kʷi sbaliics diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

kʷi

s=bali–c=s

REM

NM=be.forgetful–ALTV=3PO

‘Then she forgets.’ 24

gʷəl bəlayucid gʷəl SCONJ

bəl•ay•ucid forget•CNN•mouth

‘And she misspeaks.’ 25

gʷəl cut ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

cut say

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘And she says this,’

diʔəʔ here

x̌aab=as cry=3SBRD

298

26

Star Child

x̌ʷubil cəxʷstudəq, x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet

d=dəxʷ=studəq x̌ʷubil 1SG.PO=ADNM=slave quiet

‘ “Be still, my pet, be still!” ’ 27

gʷəl ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ləqaladibid gʷəl SCONJ

ʔa=axʷ tiʔəʔ be.there=now PROX

səsaʔliʔ two:HMN

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

ləq•al•adiʔ–bi–t listen•CNN•ear–MAP–ICS

PL–woman

‘And there are two women who hear it.’ 28

ʔəsləqəd tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔas–ləq–t tiʔəʔ STAT–listen–ICS PROX

diʔəʔ here

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

‘They hear this old woman.’ 29

x̌ʷul’ ʔəxʷsaydubəb ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ gʷəstabəs, gʷəstubšəs tiʔəʔ ʔəsx̌ix̌əq č’ač’as ʔal tiʔəʔ skəkiʔ x̌ʷul’ ʔas–dxʷs–hay–dxʷ–b–ab ʔə tiʔəʔ only STAT–CTD–known–DC–PASS–DSD PR PROX

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

gʷə=stab=as

gʷə=stubš=as

tiʔəʔ

ʔas–x̌i–x̌q

SBJ=what=3SBRD

SBJ=man=3SBRD

PROX

STAT–ATTN–wrapped

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

č’ač’as child

skəkiʔ cradleboard

‘The women want to know what it is, if the child swaddled in the cradleboard is male.’ 30

kʷədiʔ

ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ

kʷədiʔ ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ REM:DMA go–ALTV–PASS=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ ʔə old PR

‘These women approach the old woman there.’ 31

gʷəl cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR

‘And they say,’

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

tiʔəʔ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

PROX

PL–woman

Harry Moses

32

299

ʔəƛ’txʷ ʔəƛ’–txʷ come–ECS

‘ “Bring it!’ 33

ʔəƛ’txʷ tadiʔ ʔibac ʔəƛ’–txʷ come–ECS

tadiʔ DIST:DMA

ʔibac grandchild

‘ “Bring that grandchild!’ 34

ʔušuuc čəɬ ʔu–šuɬ–c PFV–see–ALTV

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We (will) look at it.” ’ 35

kʷədatəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as kʷəda–t–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ taken–ICS–PASS=now PROX

diʔəʔ here

č’ač’as child

‘The child is taken.’ 36

gʷəl gʷəx̌abactəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ gʷəl SCONJ

gʷəx̌a•abac–t–b=axʷ untied•body–ICS–PASS=now

‘And these women unwrap his body.’ 37

q’ay šudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ q’ay ??

šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ see–DC=now PL

‘They see him.’ 38

stubš stubš man

‘He is male.’

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

PROX

PL–woman

300

39

Star Child

kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They take him.’ 40

gʷəl lild tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ skəkiʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as gʷəl SCONJ

lil–t far–ICS

tul’–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

CNTRFG–at

PROX

skəkiʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as cradleboard PROX here child

‘They remove this boy from the cradleboard.’ 41

gʷəl lild əlgʷəʔ gʷəl

lil–t far–ICS

SCONJ

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They remove him.’ 42

kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ p’q’ac kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ

diʔəʔ here

PROX

p’q’ac rotten.wood

‘They take rotten wood.’ 43

gʷəl x̌əqəd ʔal tiʔəʔ skəkiʔ gʷəl SCONJ

x̌q–t wrapped–ICS

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

skəkiʔ cradleboard

‘And they bind it in the cradleboard.’ 44

x̌qabacəd x̌q•abac–t wrapped•body–ICS

‘They wrap it.’ 45

t’agʷtəd ʔal tiʔəʔ dᶻakʷtəd t’agʷt–t on.top–ICS

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

dᶻakʷa–təd shake–IMPL

‘They place it up in the rocker.’ 46

gʷəl ʔabyid tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ dəxʷudᶻakʷads tiʔəʔ ʔibacs gʷəl SCONJ

ʔab–yi–t extend–DAT–ICS

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

luƛ’ old

tiʔəʔ

dəxʷ=ʔu–dᶻakʷa–t=s

PROX

ADNM=PFV–shake–ICS=3PO

Harry Moses

301

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO

‘And they give (it) to this old woman so she can rock her grandson.’ 47

ʔa tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ƛ’asgʷədil ʔa be.there

tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ PROX:FEM old

ƛ’u=ʔas–gʷəd–il HAB=STAT–down–INCH

‘The old woman sits there.’ 48

ʔuʔitut tiʔəʔ ʔibacs ʔu–ʔitut PFV–sleep

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO

‘Her grandson is asleep.’ 49

xʷiʔəxʷ gʷəsx̌aabs dxʷʔaˑl sɬčil ʔə tsiʔəʔ bədaʔs xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

gʷə=s=x̌aab=s

dxʷ–ʔal

SBJ=NM=cry=3PO

CNTRPT–at NM=arrive

s=ɬčil

ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM

bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO

‘He doesn’t cry until her daughter arrives.’ 50

gʷəl ɬčil tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔəbsbədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬčil arrive

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ woman

ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ STAT–PROP–child

‘And the woman who has a child arrives.’ 51

gʷəl ləkʷədad tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ skəkiʔ gʷəl

lə=kʷəda–t

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PROG=taken–ICS

PROX

‘And she takes the cradleboard.’ 52

basdukʷəxʷ bə=ʔas–dukʷu=axʷ ADD=STAT–abnormal=now

‘Something is wrong.’

diʔəʔ skəkiʔ here cradleboard

302

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Star Child

p’q’adᶻəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔəxʷx̌qabac p’q’adᶻ=axʷ tiʔəʔ ʔas–dxʷ–x̌q•abac rotten.wood=now PROX STAT–CTD–wrapped•body

‘What is wrapped up in it is a rotten log.’ 54

cuucəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kiaʔs cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

kiaʔ–s grandmother–3PO

‘She speaks to his grandmother.’ 55

xʷiʔ ʔu gʷuɬčisbicid xʷiʔ

ʔu

NEG

INT

gʷə=ʔu–ɬčil–s–bicid SBJ=PFV–arrive–ALTV–2SG.OBJ

‘ “Did (someone) not approach you?” ’ 56

ʔi, ʔuɬčisəb čəd ʔə ti səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔi

ʔu–ɬčil–s–b čəd ʔə PFV–arrive–ALTV–PASS 1SG.SUB PR

INTJ

ti SPEC

səsaʔliʔ two:HMN

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

‘ “Yes, two women came to me.” ’ 57

gʷəl ƛ’ucuucbicid čəd, xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adstubšlucidbid tiʔiɬ adʔibac gʷəl

ƛ’u=cut–c–bicid

SCONJ

HAB=say–ALTV–2SG.OBJ

čəd xʷiʔ 1SG.SUB NEG

ad=s=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t tiʔiɬ 2SG.PO=NM=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS DIST

kʷi REM

ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild

‘ “But I would tell you, ‘Don’t sing a boy’s lullaby to your grandson.’ ’ 58

xʷiʔtubəxʷ xʷiʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ NEG–ECS–PASS=now

‘ “Now he’s gone.’ 59

sdukʷəxʷ p’q’ac tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔəskʷədad čəxʷ s=dukʷu=axʷ p’q’ac tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔas–kʷəda–t NM=abnormal=now rotten.wood PROX here STAT–taken–ICS

‘ “What you are holding is worthless, rotten wood.” ’

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

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303

diɬəxʷ sx̌aab ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔusaxʷəbitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs diɬ=axʷ s=x̌aab ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔu–saxʷəb–bi–t–b ʔə FOC=now NM=cry PR PROX:FEM woman PFV–jump–MAP–ICS–PASS PR tiʔəʔ PROX

tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO

‘That is why this woman whose son was run away with cries.’ 61

kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tucəcikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

tu=cəcikʷ PAST=diaper

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO

PROX

‘She took the diaper of her son.’ 62

gʷəl ʔux̌ʷtxʷ dxʷčaʔkʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ dxʷ–čaʔkʷ go–ECS CNTRPT–seaward

‘And she takes it down to the water.’ 63

gʷəl c’agʷad gʷəl SCONJ

c’aʔkʷa–t washed–ICS

‘And she washes it.’ 64

ləcux̌aab ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry

‘She is crying.’ 65

c’agʷadəxʷ tiʔəʔ tucəcikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs ʔal tiʔəʔ qʷuʔ, stuləkʷ c’aʔkʷa–t=axʷ tiʔəʔ washed–ICS=now PROX tiʔəʔ PROX

tu=cəcikʷ PAST=diaper

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO

qʷuʔ stuləkʷ water river

‘She washed the diaper of her son in the water, the river.’

ʔal at

304

66

Star Child

kʷədadəxʷ gʷəl p’ic’id kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

gʷəl

p’ic’i–t wrung–ICS

SCONJ

‘She takes it and wrings it out.’ 67

x̌ʷul’ buusaɬ kʷi sp’ic’ids x̌ʷul’ only

buus•aɬ four•CLS

kʷi

s=p’ic’i–t=s

REM

NM=wrung–ICS=3PO

‘Just four times she wrung it out.’ 68

gʷəl gʷəč’iq’əd gʷəl

gʷə=č’iq’əd

SCONJ

SBJ=scream

‘And it cried out loudly.’ 69

ƛ’al’ bastubš sqaqagʷəɬ ʔə kʷi shuys ƛ’al’ also

bə=ʔas–tubš ADD=STAT–man

sqaqagʷəɬ young.noble

ʔə PR

kʷi

s=huyu=s

REM

NM=made=3PO

‘Another noble son is made.’ 70

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔukʷədxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bəčəɬs bədaʔ tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ tuscəcikʷ ʔup’ic’id x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ tiʔəʔ PFV–taken–DC

tul’–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRFG–at PROX

PROX

diʔəʔ here

bə=čəɬ=s ADD=make=3PO

tu=scəcikʷ

ʔu–p’ic’i–t

PAST=diaper

PFV–wrung–ICS

bədaʔ offspring

‘She takes this child made from the wrung-out diaper.’ 71

gʷəl daʔad tiʔəʔ bibədaʔs ʔə kʷi sp’ip’ic’ikʷ gʷəl SCONJ

daʔa–t named–ICS

tiʔəʔ

bi–bədaʔ–s

PROX

ATTN–offspring–3PO

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child

‘And she named this little child Little Diaper Child.’2

2

The name sp’ip’ic’ikʷ is a diminutive reduplication of sp’ic’ikʷ ‘wrung out (p’ic’i) shirt (•ikʷ)’.

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305

[s]p’ip’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ bibədaʔs sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ATTN–Diaper.Child NSPEC name PR PROX

bi–bədaʔ–s ATTN–offspring–3PO

‘Little Diaper Child is the name of her little child.’ 73

tuʔaˑ tiʔəʔ stubš tukʷədabitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ʔa PAST=be.there

tiʔəʔ PROX

stubš man

tu=kʷəda–bi–t–b ʔə PAST=taken–MAP–ICS–PASS PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

‘This male who was captured by these two women was there.’ 74

gʷəl luƛ’il gʷəl SCONJ

luƛ’–il old–INCH

‘And he grows up.’ 75

luƛ’il gʷəl ƛ’utuləxʷiʔxʷiʔ luƛ’–il gʷəl old–INCH SCONJ

ƛ’u=tu=lə=xʷiʔxʷiʔ HAB=PAST=PROG=hunt

‘He grows up and he would hunt.’ 76

ƛ’uʔušayil ƛ’u=ʔu–šayil HAB=PFV–hunt

‘He would hunt.’ 77

ʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔal ti sbadil ʔux̌ʷ go

dxʷ–ʔal

ti

CNTRPT–at

SPEC

sbadil mountain

‘He would go towards the mountains.’ 78

gʷəl ʔušayil gʷəl

ʔu–šayil

SCONJ

PFV–hunt

‘And he hunts.’

səsaʔliʔ two:HMN

306

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Star Child

ʔuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ck’ʷaqid ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ PFV–hunt

ck’ʷaqid always

‘Always he hunts.’ 80

bək’ʷ sləx̌il ʔal kʷi sluƛ’ils bək’ʷ sləx̌–il all daylight–INCH

ʔal at

kʷi

s=luƛ’–il=s

REM

NM=old–INCH=3PO

‘Every day as he grows.’ 81

tucutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

‘These women told him.’ 82

x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬadsʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬu=ad=s=ʔux̌ʷ dxʷ–ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ taboo REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=go CNTRPT–be.like•land

‘ “It is forbidden that you go in this direction.’ 83

yəx̌i x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ gʷəʔux̌ʷəxʷ yəx̌i because

x̌aʔx̌aʔ taboo

kʷi REM

ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ gʷə=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ be.like•land SBJ=go=2SG.SBRD

‘ “Because that area is forbidden for you to go.” ’ 84

gʷəl luƛ’il stubš gʷəl SCONJ

luƛ’–il stubš old–INCH man

‘And he grows to manhood.’ 85

gʷəl cut ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

cut ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ say PR PROX here

‘And he says,’

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ʔəsʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’udsəsqəldub ʔə tiʔiɬ cəxʷʔacəc sɬəɬadəyʔ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷədsʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ gʷəšayiləd ʔas–ʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ STAT–what.happen PTCL DIST d=dəxʷ=ʔacəc 1SG.PO=ADNM=be.in.place gʷə=d=s=ʔux̌ʷ SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=go

ƛ’u=d=s=ʔas–qəl–dxʷ–b IRR=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–bad–DC–PASS

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ

dxʷ–ʔal

kʷi

PL–woman

CNTRPT–at

REM

ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST

dxʷ–ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ

gʷə=šayil=ad

CNTRPT–be.like•land

SBJ=hunt=1SG.SBRD

‘ “Why am I restricted by these women where I am from going in this direction when I hunt in the mountains?” ’ 87

gʷəl ʔaləxʷ bəsʔux̌ʷs bəšayils gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal=axʷ at=now

bə=s=ʔux̌åʷ=s ADD=NM=go=3PO

bə=s=šayil=s ADD=NM=hunt=3PO

‘And when he goes hunting in the high country again,’ 88

gʷəl [dxʷs]cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

dxʷ–cut–ab ʔə CTD–say–DSD PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘He thinks like this,’ 89

ƛ’ubəxʷ čəd ʔuʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now

čəd ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ 1SG.SUB PFV–go

dxʷ–ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ CNTRPT–be.like•land

‘ “I should go in this direction.” ’ 90

ʔəxʷsaydxʷəb stab əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷəsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔəds əlgʷəʔ gʷələcuʔux̌ʷəs dxʷʔistəʔulgʷədxʷ gʷələcugʷəč’əd kʷi tatačulbixʷ ʔas–dxʷs–hay–dxʷ–ab stab əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=ʔas–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t=s STAT–CTD–known–DC–DSD what PTCL DIST ADNM=STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS=3PO əlgʷəʔ gʷə=ləcu–ʔux̌ʷ=as dxʷ–ʔistəʔ•ulgʷədxʷ PL SBJ=CONT–go=3SBRD CNTRPT–be.like•land kʷi REM

gʷə=ləcu–gʷəč’–t SBJ=CONT–search–ICS

tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal

‘He wants to know what the reason is that they forbid him to go in this direction when he seeks game.’

308

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Star Child

huy, tuʔibəš tiʔəʔ stubš huy SCONJ

tu=ʔibəš tiʔəʔ PAST=travel PROX

stubš man

‘So the man travelled.’ 92

tuluƛ’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=luƛ’–il=axʷ PAST=old–INCH=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child had grown up.’ 93

tux̌ʷəxʷ tuscəcikʷs tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now

tu=scəcikʷ–s PAST=diaper–3PO

‘He was only a diaper.’ 94

luƛ’iləxʷ luƛ’–il=axʷ old–INCH=now

‘He grows up.’ 95

ƛ’uƛ’aƛ’čup ƛ’u=ƛ’a–ƛ’•čup HAB=DSTR–go•fire

‘He would fetch firewood.’ 96

ƛ’uʔuluɬ ƛ’u=ʔuluɬ HAB=travel.by.water

‘He would go by water.’ 97

ƛ’uq’iq’əlaʔkʷčup ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔacəc əlgʷəʔ ƛ’u=q’i–q’əl•aʔkʷ•čup ʔal HAB=ATTN–aboard•group•fire at

tiʔəʔ PROX

dəxʷ=ʔacəc ADNM=be.in.place

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘He would put the firewood on board bit by bit there where they were.’

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309

yəx̌i tashuyutəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ studəq ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs yəx̌i tu=ʔas–huyu–t–b=axʷ əlgʷəʔ studəq because PAST=STAT–made–ICS–PASS=now PL slave

ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs PR PROX raven

‘Because they had been made slaves of Raven.’ 99

tux̌ʷ tashuyutəbəxʷ čəgʷas tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tux̌ʷ just

tu=ʔas–huyu–t–b=axʷ PAST=STAT–made–ICS–PASS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

sp’ic’ikʷ Sp’its’ikw

ʔə PR

čəgʷas tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə wife PROX:FEM here mother PR tiʔəʔ

qaw’qs raven

PROX

‘However, the mother of Diaper Child had been taken as a wife by Raven.’ 100 gʷəl tuləshuyudəxʷ stətudəq tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ təlixʷ biʔbədaʔ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs gʷəl

tu=ləs–huyu–t=axʷ

stə–tudəq tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PAST=PROG.STAT–made–ICS=now

PL–slave

təlixʷ blood.brothers

biʔ–bədaʔ tiʔəʔ ATTN–offspring PROX

PROX

diʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ here two:HMN

qaw’qs raven

‘And Raven has made slaves of these two small brothers.’ 101 ƛ’uləq’iq’əlaʔkʷčup ƛ’u=lə=q’i–q’əl•aʔkʷ•čup HAB=PROG=ATTN–aboard•group•fire

‘He would put the firewood on board bit by bit.’ 102 ɬuʔux̌ʷ ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=go

‘He will go.’ 103 gʷəl ƛ’ulət’ut’c’il [ʔə]x̌id ʔəbsq’čic gʷəl

ƛ’u=lə=t’u–t’c’–il

SCONJ

HAB=PROG=ATTN–shot–INCH

ʔəx̌id what.happen

‘And he would shoot because he had a bow.’

ʔas–bəs–q’čic STAT–PROP–bow

310

Star Child

104 ʔaləxʷ sbuusaɬdatils kʷi suq’ilaʔkʷčups sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔal=axʷ at=now

s=buus•aɬ•dat–il=s

kʷi

s=ʔu–q’ili•aʔkʷ•čup=s

NM=four•times•day–INCH=3PO

REM

NM=PFV–aboard•group•fire=3PO

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’itsikw

‘It was on the fourth day that Little Diaper Child is loading firewood.’ 105 x̌ʷil’alcbid tiʔəʔ t’isəds ʔut’uc’ildxʷ x̌ʷil’•alc–bi–t lost•arm–MAP–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

t’isəd–s arrow–3PO

ʔu–t’uc’u–il–dxʷ PFV–shot–INCH–DC

‘He loses an arrow he has shot.’ 106 tugʷəč’əd tiʔəʔ t’isəds gʷəsuʔəy’dxʷs tu=gʷəč’–t tiʔəʔ PAST=search–ICS PROX

t’isəd–s arrow–3PO

gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəy’–dxʷ=s SBJ=NM=PFV–find–DC=3PO

‘He looked for his arrow in order to find it.’ 107 tugʷəč’əd tu=gʷəč’–t PAST=search–ICS

‘He looked for it.’ 108 ʔəšuuc ʔəsčal ti tusɬaq’s ʔas–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV

ʔas–čal ti STAT–how SPEC

tu=s=ɬaq’a=s PAST=NM=fallen=3PO

‘He has seen how it fell.’ 109 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsuʔəy’dxʷs gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəy’–dxʷ=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–find–DC=3PO

‘But he can’t find it.’ 110 diʔɬəxʷ kʷi šudxʷs tiʔəʔ stubš ʔəsgʷədil ʔal tiʔəʔ tudəxʷt’uc’ils, ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷt’uc’ils ʔə tiʔəʔ t’it’səds diʔɬ=axʷ kʷi s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s tiʔəʔ stubš suddenly=now REM NM=see–DC=3PO PROX man

ʔas–gʷəd–il ʔal STAT–down–INCH at

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tiʔəʔ tu=dəxʷ=t’uc’u–il=s ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷ=t’uc’u–il=s PROX PAST=ADNM=shot–INCH=3PO at PROX here ADNM=shot–INCH=3PO ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

t’i–t’səd–s ATTN–arrow–3PO

‘Suddenly he sees a man sitting where he had shot, where he had shot his arrow.’ 111 ciˑck’ʷ ʔəsgəqil stubš cick’ʷ ʔas–gəq–il very STAT–bright–INCH

stubš man

‘This man is shining very brightly.’ 112 xʷiʔ gʷəsušudxʷs xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–see–DC=3PO

‘He cannot look at him.’ 113 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš go–ALTV–PASS=now PR PROX man

‘And he was approached by this man.’ 114 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl SCONJ

cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

‘And he is spoken to.’ 115 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsx̌əc xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=x̌əč 2SG.PO=NM=afraid

‘ “Don’t be afraid.’ 116 ɬuwiliq’ʷicid čəd dəbəɬ čəxʷ gʷat ɬu=wiliq’ʷi–t–sid IRR=ask–ICS–2SG.OBJ

čəd dəbəɬ čəxʷ 1SG.SUB belong.to.bloodline 2SG.SUB

‘ “I will ask you if you are the descendant of someone.’

gʷat who

312

Star Child

117 gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy, kʷ(i) adyəl’yəlab gʷat who

kʷi REM

sdaʔ name

ʔə PR

kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy REM:FEM 2SG.PO–mother

kʷi

ad–yəl’–yəlab 2SG.PO–DSTR–elder

REM

‘ “What is the name of your mother, your forebears?” ’ 118 yəcəbtxʷaxʷ tiʔəʔ stubš ʔə ti sdaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ yəc–b–txʷ=axʷ report–MD–ECS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

stubš man

ʔə PR

ti

sdaʔ name

SPEC

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘He tells the man her name.’ 119 gʷəl ʔəsdᶻaƛ’bid gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ gʷəl

ʔas–dᶻaƛ’–bi–t

SCONJ

STAT–confused–MAP–ICS

gʷat who

kʷi REM

sdaʔ name

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘But he is confused about what this woman’s name is.’ 120 yəcəbtxʷəxʷ ʔəsčal kʷi dəxʷəshuys yəc–b–txʷ=axʷ report–MD–ECS=now

ʔas–čal

kʷi

dəxʷ=ʔas–huyu=s

STAT–how

REM

ADNM=STAT–made=3PO

‘He tells him how he had been made.’ 121 ƛ’udaʔatəb čəd ʔə tsi dsk’ʷuy ʔə kʷi sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b čəd HAB=named–ICS–PASS 1SG.SUB

ʔə PR

tsi SPEC:FEM

d–sk’ʷuy 1SG.PO–mother

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’itsikw

‘ “I am called Little Diaper Child by my mother.’ 122 yəx̌i ƛ’ucuucəbš ʔə kʷi dsqa tukʷədabyitəb ʔə kʷi səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ yəx̌i because

ƛ’u=cut–c–bš HAB=say–ALTV–1SG.OBJ

ʔə PR

tu=kʷəda–b–yi–t–b ʔə PAST=taken–MD–DAT–ICS–PASS PR

kʷi REM

kʷi REM

d–sqa 1SG.PO–older.brother səsaʔliʔ two:HMN

sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman

‘ “And she told me my older brother was captured by two women.’ 123 gʷəl tux̌ʷəxʷ tusp’ic’ikʷəxʷ čəd gʷəl SCONJ

tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now

tu=s=p’ic’•ikʷ=axʷ čəd PAST=NM=wrung•shirt=now 1SG.SUB

‘ “But I am only what was left from a wrung-out diaper.’

Harry Moses

313

124 tup’ic’ic tu=p’ic’i–t–s PAST=wrung–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “She wrung me out.’ 125 gʷəl tubəhuyil čəd č’ač’as dəxʷəbsdaʔtubšs ʔə kʷ(i) sp’ip’ic’ikʷ gʷəl

tu=bə=huyu–il

SCONJ

PAST=ADD=made–INCH

čəd 1SG.SUB

č’ač’as child

dəxʷ=ʔas–bəs–sdaʔ–txʷ–bš=s

ʔə PR

ADNM=STAT–PROP–name–ECS–1SG.OBJ=3PO

kʷi REM

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ Sp’ip’itsikw

‘ “And I was turned into a child so I have the name Little Wrung Out.” ’ 126 tiləbəxʷ ʔucut tiʔəʔ stubš tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

ʔu–cut

tiʔəʔ

PFV–say

PROX

stubš man

‘Right away this man says,’ 127 ʔəca! ʔəca t(i) adsqa ʔəca ʔəca I I

ti SPEC

ad–sqa 2SG.PO–older.brother

‘ “It is I! I am the one who is your older brother.’ 128 tukʷədabyitəb čəd tu=kʷəda–b–yi–t–b PAST=taken–MD–DAT–ICS–PASS

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I was captured.’ 129 gʷəl ʔal dsluƛ’il čəda ƛ’uləsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəb gʷuʔəƛ’a tə cəxʷʔəƛ’ čəda ʔəy’dubicid gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal at

d=s=luƛ’–il čəda 1SG.PO=NM=old–INCH 1SG.COORD

ƛ’u=ləs–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b gʷə=ʔu–ʔəƛ’a tə HAB=PROG.STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS SBJ=PFV–come.to NSPEC d=dəxʷ=ʔəƛ’ 1SG.PO=ADNM=come

čəda 1SG.COORD

ʔəy’–dxʷ–bicid find–DC–2SG.OBJ

‘ “And as I grew up, I was forbidden to come to where I came, so I found you.” ’

314

Star Child

130 kʷaxʷatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sqas kʷaxʷa–t–b=axʷ help–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ sqa–s older.brother–3PO

PROX

‘His older brother helps him.’ 131 q’ilyitəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ hud q’ili–yi–t–b=axʷ ʔə aboard–DAT–ICS–PASS=now PR

tiʔəʔ

hud burn

PROX

‘He has the firewood put on board for him.’ 132 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl SCONJ

cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

‘And he says,’ 133 ɬut’uk’ʷ čəxʷ ɬu=t’uk’ʷ čəxʷ IRR=go.home 2SG.SUB

‘ “Go home.’ 134 ɬucuuc čəxʷ kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy ɬuhaʔlidəs kʷədiʔ dəxʷʔas, dəxʷʔaləp ɬu=cut–c čəxʷ kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy ɬu=haʔl–i–t=as IRR=speak–ALTV 2SG.SUB REM:FEM 2SG.PO–mother IRR=good–SS–ICS=3SBRD kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

dəxʷ=ʔa=s

dəxʷ=ʔa=lap

ADNM=be.there=3PO

ADNM=be.there=2PL.PO

‘ “You will tell your mother that she will make it nice there where you guys are.’ 135 ɬut’uk’ʷ čəd ɬu=t’uk’ʷ IRR=go.home

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I am coming home.” ’ 136 ƛ’uʔux̌ʷ [s]p’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔal [də]č’axʷdat ƛ’u=ʔux̌ʷ HAB=go

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child

ʔal at

dəč’axʷ•dat once•day

‘Little Diaper Child would go for one day.’

Harry Moses

315

137 gʷəl ƛ’ubəqahəxʷ kʷi huds gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=qa=axʷ

kʷi

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=many=now

REM

hud–s burn–3PO

‘He would have a lot of firewood.’ 138 qʷiq’ʷiləxʷ qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ strong–INCH=now

‘He becomes strong.’ 139 lələliʔil [s]p’ic’ikʷ lə=ləliʔ–il PROG=different–INCH

sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child

‘Diaper Child is changing.’ 140 x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ x̌ʷul’ only

ʔaɬ fast

‘It is really fast.’ 141 cutəxʷ ti qaw’qs ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cut=axʷ say=now

ti SPEC

qaw’qs raven

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘Raven says of him,’ 142 ƛ’uʔəx̌inəxʷ ti sp’ip’ic’ikʷ kʷi dəxʷqaʔils kʷi huds ƛ’u=ʔəx̌id=axʷ ti sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ kʷi dəxʷ=qaʔ–il=s HAB=what.happen=now SPEC ATTN–Diaper.Child REM ADNM=many–INCH=3PO kʷi REM

hud–s burn–3PO

‘ “What has happened to Little Diaper Child that his firewood has become so much?’ 143 qʷiq’ʷiləxʷ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ strong–INCH=now

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child

‘ “Little Diaper Child has become strong.” ’

316

Star Child

144 cutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə sp’ip’ic’ikʷ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs cut–t–b ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR PROX:FEM here mother PR tiʔəʔ PROX

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child

qaw’qs raven

‘Raven is told by Little Diaper Child’s mother,’ 145 ləqʷiq’ʷiləxʷ lə=qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ PROG=strong–INCH=now

‘ “He’s getting strong now.’ 146 ləluƛ’iləxʷ tə sʔušəbabdxʷ stutədəq lə=luƛ’–il=axʷ PROG=old–INCH=now

tə NSPEC

sʔušəbabdxʷ poor.guy

stu–tədəq ATTN–slave

‘ “The poor little slave is growing up.’ 147 ləqʷiq’ʷildubutəxʷ dəxʷukʷədads kʷi qa hud lə=qʷiq’ʷ–il–dxʷ–but=axʷ dəxʷ=ʔu–kʷəda–t=s kʷi qa hud PROG=strong–INCH–DC–REFL=now ADNM=PFV–taken–ICS=3PO REM many burn

‘ “He is strengthening himself so he can get lots of firewood.” ’ 148 bəʔux̌ʷ sləx̌iləs tiʔəʔ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔal sbuusaɬdalicuts bə=ʔux̌ʷ sləx̌–il=as ADD=go daylight–INCH=3SBRD

tiʔəʔ

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ

PROX

ATTN–Diaper.Child

ʔal at

s=buusaɬdalicut=s NM=fourth.day=3PO

‘When it’s daylight, Little Diaper Child goes again on the fourth day for him.’ 149 ʔal sbuusaɬdalicuts ʔal at

s=buusaɬdalicut=s NM=fourth.day=3PO

‘On the fourth day for him.’

Harry Moses

317

150 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘And he goes.’ 151 q’ilagʷiləxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sqas q’ili–agʷil=axʷ aboard–AUTO=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

‘His older brother embarks.’ 152 qʷic əlgʷəʔ qʷic əlgʷəʔ go.downstream PL

‘They go downstream.’ 153 ʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys ʔux̌ʷ dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at go

tiʔəʔ

dəxʷ=ʔa

PROX

ADNM=be.there

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

‘They go to where their mother is.’ 154 ʔuˑ, tuləsləx̌ ʔu INTJ

tu=ləs–ləx̌ PAST=PROG.STAT–light

‘Oh, he was shining.’ 155 x̌ʷul’ ləq’algʷəs ʔə tudiʔ sɬukʷaɬ tiʔiɬ səshuy ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš ləsq’iltub ʔə tiʔəʔ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ x̌ʷul’ ləq’aɬ•gʷəs ʔə tudiʔ sɬukʷaɬ tiʔiɬ only be.in.right.place•pair PR DIST.DMA sun DIST tiʔəʔ PROX

stubš ləs–q’ili–txʷ–b ʔə tiʔəʔ man PROG.STAT–aboard–ECS–PASS PR PROX

s=ʔas–huyu NM=STAT–made

ʔə PR

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’its’ikw

‘What the man being taken in the canoe by Little Diaper Child has become is just on a par with the sun.’

318

Star Child

156 ləliʔ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ləliʔ different

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child

‘Little Diaper Child was different.’ 157 ƛ’al’ bələsgəqiləxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ səʔuluɬs əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔay’əds ƛ’al’ bə=ləs–gəq–il=axʷ ʔal also ADD=PROG.STAT–bright–INCH=now at

tiʔəʔ

diʔəʔ here

PROX

s=lə=ʔuluɬ=s əlgʷəʔ ʔə NM=PROG=travel.by.water=3PO PL PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔay’əd–s companion–3PO

‘He too is dazzling as he journeys by water with his companion.’ 158 gʷəl ɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬčil dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuy–s arrive CNTRPT–at PROX ADNM=be.there PR PROX:FEM mother–3PO

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘And they arrive there where their mother is.’ 159 tuʔahəxʷ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔiʔabiləxʷ stubš tu=ʔa=axʷ sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ PAST=be.there=now ATTN–Diaper.Child

tu=ʔiʔab–il=axʷ PAST=noble–INCH=now

stubš man

‘Little Diaper Child was there now having become a noble man.’ 160 tuhu[y]huyucutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔi tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=huy–huyu–t–sut=axʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔi tiʔəʔ PAST=DSTR–made–ICS–REFL=now PL CONJ PROX

diʔəʔ here

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘(The hunter) had prepared himself and his younger brother.’ 161 tiʔəʔ stubš gʷəl tucutəb tiʔəʔ PROX

stubš gʷəl tu=cut–t–b man SCONJ PAST=say–ICS–PASS

‘As for this man, it was said (by him),’

Harry Moses

319

162 ƛ’ub čəɬ ɬuhuyucutəxʷ ɬukʷaɬ ƛ’ub well

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ɬu=huyu–t–sut=axʷ IRR=made–ICS–REFL=now

ɬukʷaɬ sun

‘ “We should make ourselves the sun.” ’ 163 yəx̌i tut’əs swatixʷtəd ʔal kʷi tudiɬaɬ yəx̌i because

tu=t’əs PAST=cold

swatixʷtəd land

ʔal at

kʷi

tu=diɬ•aɬ

REM

PAST=FOC•CLS

‘Because the world was cold at that time.’ 164 tudəxʷuhuyucuts əlgʷəʔ tu=dəxʷ=ʔu–huyu–t–sut=s PAST=ADNM=PFV–made–ICS–REFL=3PO

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘That is why they made themselves (the sun).’ 165 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’ stubš tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now

tiʔəʔ

ʔiɬ–luƛ’

PROX

PRTV–old

stubš man

‘The older man went.’ 166 gʷəl tuhuyucut ɬukʷaɬ gʷəl

tu=huyu–t–sut

SCONJ

PAST=made–ICS–REFL

ɬukʷaɬ sun

‘And he made himself (into the) sun.’ 167 x̌ʷul’ tuləšqil x̌ʷul’ tu=lə=šq–il only PAST=PROG=high–INCH

‘He just rose up.’ 168 tuləʔəƛ’ tu=lə=ʔəƛ’ PAST=PROG=come

‘He was coming.’

320

Star Child

169 xʷiʔ ləlil gʷəl tuləhud tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd xʷiʔ

lə=lil

gʷəl

tu=lə=hud

tiʔəʔ

NEG

NEGP=far

SCONJ

PAST=PROG=burn

PROX

swatixʷtəd land

‘He was not far and the land was burning up.’ 170 hiʔab tudxʷsq’ʷəl hiʔab excessively

tu=dxʷs–q’ʷəl PAST=PROC–cooked

‘It was too hot.’ 171 gʷəl tuʔay’waʔscutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl

tu=ʔay’•waʔs–t–sut=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=change•pair–ICS–REFL=now

əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

PL

suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

‘And he changed (places) with his younger brother.’ 172 tucuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs, sp’ip’ic’ikʷ tu=cut–c=axʷ PAST=say–ALTV=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’its’ikw

‘He said to his little younger brother, Little Diaper Child.’ 173 hiwil, ʔux̌ʷ dəgʷi hiwil go.ahead

ʔux̌ʷ go

dəgʷi you

‘ “Go ahead, you be the one to go.’ 174 ʔəsčal kʷi gʷadʔalalus ʔas–čal STAT–how

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s=ʔalalus

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=happen

‘ “How (will) your way of doing it be?’ 175 dəgʷi kʷədaʔ kʷi gʷəƛ’ub gʷəshuy[s]əxʷ ɬukʷaɬ dəgʷi kʷədaʔ you PTCL

kʷi REM

gʷə=ƛ’ub gʷə=s=huyu=s=axʷ ɬukʷaɬ SBJ=NM=made=3PO=2SG.SBRD sun

SBJ=well

‘ “Perhaps you are the one who ought to be the sun.” ’

Harry Moses

321

176 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now

sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’its’ikw

‘Little Diaper Child went.’ 177 siˑ diɬ tiʔəʔ ƛ’usəshuyəxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ si diɬ right.there FOC

tiʔəʔ

ƛ’u=s=ʔas–huyu=axʷ

PROX

HAB=NM=STAT–made=now

ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX

‘That is exactly what was done at this place.’ 178 si t’at’agʷt si right.there

t’a–t’agʷt ATTN–on.top

‘He was right smack on top.’ 179 gʷəl sʔiƛ’ub ti səshədqʷəb ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl

sʔiƛ’ub just.right

SCONJ

ti

s=ʔas–hədqʷb

SPEC

NM=STAT–warm

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

‘And the warmth in the world is exactly right.’ 180 gʷəl ləɬaˑx̌il gʷəl

lə=ɬax̌–il

SCONJ

PROG=dark–INCH

‘And gradually it becomes night.’ 181 ləč’əlp lə=č’əlp PROG=turned

‘It turns.’ 182 diɬ ƛ’ub haʔɬ sɬukʷaɬ diɬ FOC

ƛ’ub well

haʔɬ good

sɬukʷaɬ sun

‘That is a very nice sun.’

swatixʷtəd land

diʔəʔ here

322

Star Child

183 gʷəl tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sqas gʷəl

tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PAST=go=now

PROX

diʔəʔ here

sqa–s older.brother–3PO

‘And his older brother went.’ 184 tuhuyucutəxʷ sɬukʷalb tu=huyu–t–sut=axʷ PAST=made–ICS–REFL=now

sɬukʷalb moon

‘He made himself the moon.’ 185 ʔaləxʷ sɬax̌ kʷi tusʔəƛ’s tiʔəʔ shuysəxʷ sɬukʷalb ʔal=axʷ at=now

ɬax̌ kʷi darkness REM

tu=s=ʔəƛ’=s

tiʔəʔ

s=huyu=s=axʷ

PAST=NM=come=3PO

PROX

NM=made=3PO=now

sɬukʷalb moon

‘The one who becomes the moon comes at night.’ 186 yəx̌i tuʔəbsčəgʷasəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tsiʔəʔ ƛ’uwaw’əq’wəq’ kʷsi tučəgʷass yəx̌i tu=ʔas–bəs–čəgʷas=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tsiʔəʔ because PAST=STAT–PROP–wife=now PR PROX:FEM here PROX:FEM ƛ’u=wa–w’əq’wəq’ HAB=ATTN–frog

kʷsi

tu=čəgʷas–s

REM:FEM

PAST=wife–3PO

‘Because he had her, Little Green Frog, as his wife.’ 187 gʷəl x̌ʷul’əxʷ tuʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stubš gʷəl SCONJ

x̌ʷul’=axʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ only=now PAST=go

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘And this man just went.’ 188 tuhuyucut sɬukʷalb tu=huyu–t–sut PAST=made–ICS–REFL

sɬukʷalb moon

‘He turned himself into the moon.’

diʔəʔ here

stubš man

Harry Moses

323

189 tuʔibəš tu=ʔibəš PAST=travel

‘He travelled.’ 190 gʷəl tusaxʷəb tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas[s] gʷəl

tu=saxʷəb

tsiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PAST=jump

PROX:FEM

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘And his wife jumped.’ 191 gʷəl tuƛ’iq’ ʔal tiʔəʔ sʔilidgʷass gʷəl

tu=ƛ’iq’

SCONJ

PAST=sticky

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

sʔilidgʷas–s chest–3PO

‘And she stuck on his chest.’ 192 tuƛ’iq’ ʔə tsiʔəʔ čəgʷass tə dəxʷəšuucləp tə sx̌ay’us ʔə ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔal tudiʔ sɬukʷalb tu=ƛ’iq’ ʔə PAST=sticky PR tə NSPEC

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sx̌ay’us head

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

tə

dəxʷ=ʔas–šuɬ–c=lap

NSPEC

ADNM=STAT–see–ALTV=2PL.PO

ʔə ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔal PR people at

tudiʔ

sɬukʷalb moon

DIST.DMA

‘His wife stuck which is why you guys see the head of a person on the moon.’ 193 gʷəl ʔa čələp ƛ’ašuuc wəliʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔəsq’ədᶻuʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔa be.there

čələp 2PL.SUB

ƛ’u=ʔas–šuɬ–c HAB=STAT–see–ALTV

wəliʔ without.hesitation

sɬadəyʔ woman

ʔas–q’ədᶻuʔ STAT–have.hair

‘And thus you guys plainly see a woman with hair.’ 194 ƛ’ašuuc čəd ti qəl’qəluʔbs tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ tučəgʷas ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš ʔəshuyucut sɬukʷalb ƛ’u=ʔas–šuɬ–c HAB=STAT–see–ALTV tu=čəgʷas ʔə PR

PAST=wife

čəd ti 1SG.SUB SPEC

qəl’–qəluʔb–s

tsiʔəʔ

DSTR–eye–3PO

PROX:FEM

tiʔəʔ stubš ʔas–huyu–t–sut PROX man STAT–made–ICS–REFL

sɬadəyʔ woman

sɬukʷalb moon

‘I used to see the eyes of this woman, the former wife of the man who turned himself into the moon.’

324

Star Child

195 huy, diɬ šac’ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dsuyəyəhub, suyəyəhub huy

diɬ

SCONJ

FOC

šac’ finished

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ d=s=ʔu–yəyəhub here 1SG.PO=NM=PFV–tell.story

s=ʔu–yəyəhub NM=PFV–tell.story

‘So, that is the end of my traditional storytelling, storytelling.’ 196 tudəč’uʔ syəyəhub q’iq’x̌ʷuʔ tiʔəʔ ʔuʔilid čəd ʔal tiʔəʔ səɬax̌il tu=dəč’uʔ PAST=one

syəyəhub legend

q’iq’x̌ʷuʔ short

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔu–ʔili–t čəd ʔal tiʔəʔ PFV–sing–ICS 1SG.SUB at PROX

s=lə=ɬax̌–il NM=PROG=dark–INCH

‘What I told this evening was a short story.’ 197 yəx̌i čəd ʔəsʔi tudəxʷiʔs gʷədsʔilid kʷ(i) ʔəsʔuʔux̌ʷ syəyəhub yəx̌i because

čəd ʔəsʔi tu=dəxʷ=xʷiʔ=s 1SG.SUB slightly.ill PAST=ADNM=NEG=3PO

kʷi

ʔas–ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ

REM

STAT–ATTN–go

gʷə=d=s=ʔili–t SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=sing–ICS

syəyəhub legend

‘The reason I did not tell a story that goes on and on is because I am indisposed.’

Harry Moses

325

How Daylight Was Stolen as told by Harry Moses3

1

ʔal kʷi tuhaʔkʷ gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷətusləx̌il ʔal at

kʷi

tu=haʔkʷ

gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=tu=sləx̌il

REM

PAST=long.time

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=PAST=daylight

‘In the distant past, there was no daylight.’ 2

tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl tasbəsad ʔal kʷ(i) tuhaʔkʷ tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd gʷəl land SCONJ

tu=ʔas–bəsad PAST=STAT–dark

ʔal at

kʷi

tu=haʔkʷ

REM

PAST=long.time

‘The land, it was dark in the distant past.’ 3

tudxʷadhadəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tu=dxʷ–had–had=axʷ PAST=CTD–DSTR–discuss=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

‘The people talked it over.’ 4

ʔəsčaləxʷ kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷ čəɬ kʷi sləx̌il ʔas–čal=axʷ STAT–how=now

kʷi REM

gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ čəɬ 1PL.PO

SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC

kʷi REM

sləx̌il daylight

‘ “How can we get it?’ 5

ʔaʔ kʷi sləx̌il ʔal kʷi q’xʷul’gʷədxʷ gʷəl ʔəsčal kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷ čəɬ ʔaʔ be.there kʷi REM

kʷi REM

sləx̌il ʔal kʷi daylight at REM

q’xʷ•ul’gʷədxʷ gʷəl upstream•land SCONJ

ʔas–čal STAT–how

gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ čəɬ 1PL.PO

SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC

‘ “Daylight is up there in the upriver country but how can we manage to get it?’

Recorded by Leon Metcalf, 1 November 1952 (Metcalf tape 23), with Harry Moses, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert (9 May 1976); further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. Published, with interlinear analysis, in substantially different form as Hilbert and Hess 1977. A preliminary version of the analysis presented here was published as part of Beck and Hess 2010.

326

6

How Daylight Was Stolen

tuhuyucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ səsaliʔ ləgʷləgʷəb tu=huyu–t–sut=axʷ PAST=made–ICS–REFL=now

tiʔəʔ

səsaliʔ two:HMN

PROX

ləgʷ–ləgʷəb DSTR–youth

‘These two youths prepared themselves.’ 7

tuc’agʷacutəxʷ tu=c’aʔkʷa–t–sut=axʷ PAST=washed–ICS–REFL=now

‘They bathed.’ 8

tuhuyucut həlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal sxʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔs gʷəsutəlawils əlgʷəʔ tu=huyu–t–sut PAST=made–ICS–REFL

həlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal PL CNTRPT–at

gʷə=s=ʔu–təlawil=s SBJ=NM=PFV–run=3PO

s=xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ=s NM=swift=3PO

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They prepared themselves in order to be swift as they run.’ 9

tiʔəʔ qawq’s ʔi tiʔəʔ bibščəb kʷi tuhuyucut tiʔəʔ PROX

qawq’s raven

ʔi

tiʔəʔ

CONJ

PROX

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

kʷi

tu=huyu–t–sut

REM

PAST=made–ICS–REFL

‘The ones who prepare themselves are Raven and Little Mink.’ 10

tut’ədalgʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ tu=t’əd•al•gʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ PAST=lined.up•CNN•canoe PL

‘They lined up the canoes.’ 11

tuʔaʔ dᶻəɬ kʷi ƛ’əlayʔ tux̌ʷ xʷiʔ uʔxʷ gʷəsəsaxʷəbabacs ʔal kʷi sxʷəʔaʔxʷəʔils tu=ʔaʔ PAST=be.there

dᶻəɬ

kʷi

PTCL

REM

ƛ’əlayʔ tux̌ʷ shovel.nose.canoe just

xʷiʔ

uʔxʷ

NEG

PTCL

gʷə=s=lə=saxʷəb•abac=s ʔal kʷi s=xʷəʔaʔxʷəʔ–il=s SBJ=NM=PROG=jump•body=3PO at REM NM=swift–INCH=3PO

‘There must have been some shovel-nosed canoes but they could not yet jump over them to become swift.’

Harry Moses

12

327

ləcəbagʷiɬil tiʔəʔ ʔəsx̌ək’ʷtxʷ əlgʷəʔ ƛ’əlayʔ lə=cəb•a•gʷiɬ–il PROG=two•CNN•canoe–INCH

tiʔəʔ

ʔas–x̌ək’ʷ–txʷ

əlgʷəʔ

PROX

STAT–overturned–ECS

PL

ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe

‘They have two canoes overturned.’ 13

cəbagʷiɬəxʷ kʷi ƛ’udəxʷsaxʷəbabacəds əlgʷəʔ cəb•a•gʷiɬ=axʷ two•CNN•canoe=now

kʷi

ƛ’u=dəxʷ=saxʷəb•abac–t=s

əlgʷəʔ

REM

HAB=ADNM=jump•body–ICS=3PO

PL

‘Now what they would jump over are two canoes.’ 14

tuhaʔkʷ tuhuyucut əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷədəxʷxʷəʔaʔxʷəʔils lətəlawil tu=haʔkʷ PAST=long.time

tu=huyu–t–sut

əlgʷəʔ

PAST=made–ICS–REFL

PL

gʷə=dəxʷ=xʷəʔaʔxʷəʔ–il=s SBJ=ADNM=swift–INCH=3PO

dxʷ–ʔal kʷi CNTRPT–at REM

lə=təlawil PROG=run

‘For a long time they trained in order to become swift as they run.’ 15

ləɬixʷalgʷiɬil tiʔəʔ tasx̌ək’ʷtxʷ həlgʷəʔ ƛ’əlayʔ dəxʷəsaxʷəbabacs əlgʷəʔ lə=ɬixʷ•al•gʷiɬ–il PROG=three•CNN•canoe–INCH ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe

tiʔəʔ tu=ʔas–x̌ək’ʷ–txʷ həlgʷəʔ PAST=STAT–overturned–ECS PL

PROX

dəxʷ=lə=saxʷəb•abac=s

əlgʷəʔ

ADNM=PROG=jump•body=3PO

PL

‘It came to where they had three canoes overturned which they were jumping.’ 16

həbu həbu haboo

Unknown interlocutor: ‘Haboo!’ 17

ʔaləxʷ kʷi tubuusalgʷiɬil kʷi tuasx̌ək’ʷ ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl tusaxʷəbabacəd tiʔəʔ buusalgʷiɬ ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl tuʔahəxʷ ʔal=axʷ at=now

kʷi

tu=buus•al•gʷiɬ–il

kʷi

tu=ʔas–x̌ək’ʷ

REM

PAST=four•CNN•canoe–INCH

REM

PAST=STAT–overturned

328

How Daylight Was Stolen

ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl shovel.nose.canoe SCONJ

tu=saxʷəb•abac–t tiʔəʔ buus•al•gʷiɬ PAST=jump•body–ICS PROX four•CNN•canoe

ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl shovel.nose.canoe SCONJ

tu=ʔa=axʷ PAST=be.there=now

Harry Moses: ‘When it became four canoes and they jumped over these four, then it was there.’ 18

həbu həbu haboo

UI: ‘Haboo!’ 19

ʔaˑ tudxʷcutəb həlgʷəʔ ʔa INTJ

tu=dxʷ–cut–ab PAST=CTD–speak–DSD

həlgʷəʔ PL

HM: ‘Oh, they thought,’ 20

ʔuˑ xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi ʔahəxʷ gʷəčaldubuɬ ʔu INTJ

xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

kʷi

ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

REM

gʷə=čal–dxʷ–buɬ SBJ=chased–DC–1PL.OBJ

‘ “Oh, now there is nothing that can catch us.’ 21

siʔəxʷ čəɬ ƛ’ubəxʷ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷəsuʔux̌ʷc čəɬ kʷi sləx̌il ʔal kʷi dəxʷʔacəc siʔ=axʷ čəɬ ƛ’ub=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal kʷi gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–c čəɬ here=now 1PL.SUB well=now CNTRPT–at REM SBJ=NM=PFV–go–ALTV 1PL.PO kʷi REM

sləx̌il daylight

ʔal kʷi at REM

dəxʷ=ʔacəc ADNM=be.in.place

‘ “We are good enough to go after daylight where it is.” ’ 22

tugʷax̌əxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tu=gʷax̌=axʷ PAST=walk=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘Now they set out.’ 23

tuʔuluɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bibščəb ʔi tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tu=ʔuluɬ=axʷ PAST=travel.by.water=now

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bi–bəščəb ʔi PROX here ATTN–mink CONJ

‘Now Little Mink and Little Raven set out by canoe.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

Harry Moses

24

329

tugʷəč’ədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷi sləx̌il dxʷʔal kʷi dxʷq’xʷul’gʷədxʷ tu=gʷəč’–t=axʷ PAST=search–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ

kʷi

PL

REM

sləx̌il dxʷ–ʔal kʷi daylight CNTRPT–at REM

dxʷ–q’xʷ•ul’gʷədxʷ CNTRPT–upstream•land

‘They sought for daylight in the land upstream.’ 25

x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ tuləč’itil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə kʷi sləx̌il ƛ’uləx̌iličəxʷ əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now ʔə PR

əlgʷəʔ tu=lə=č’it–il dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ PAST=PROG=near–INCH CNTRPT–at PROX

PL

kʷi REM

sləx̌il ƛ’u=ləx̌–il•ič=axʷ daylight HAB=light–INCH•covering=now

dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘As they drew near this place of daylight, light enveloped them.’ 26

ƛ’uhagʷəxʷ kʷi ƛ’usləx̌ils gʷəl ƛ’ubələbəsad ƛ’u=hagʷ=axʷ kʷi HAB=long.time=now REM

ƛ’u=s=ləx̌–il=s HAB=NM=light–INCH=3PO

gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’u=bə=lə=bəsad HAB=ADD=PROG=dark

‘For a long time it would be day then it would again be dark.’ 27

diɬ tudəxʷəshaydxʷsəxʷ əlgʷəʔ diɬ

tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s=axʷ

əlgʷəʔ

FOC

PAST=ADNM=STAT–known–DC=3PO=now

PL

‘That is how they knew.’ 28

ləč’itiləxʷ čəɬ lə=č’it–il=axʷ PROG=near–INCH=now

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We are getting near.” ’ 29

gʷəl tuɬəgʷɬ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ q’il’bids gʷəl tugʷax̌ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

tu=ɬəgʷɬ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PAST=leave PL PROX

q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO

‘Then they left their canoe and walked.’

gʷəl SCONJ

tu=gʷax̌ʷ PAST=walk

330

30

How Daylight Was Stolen

tugʷax̌ʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tuɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔəsɬaɬlil dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ sləx̌il tu=gʷax̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=walk=now

əlgʷəʔ

gʷəl

tu=ɬčil

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

PL

SCONJ

PAST=arrive

CNTRPT–at

PROX

tiʔəʔ

sləx̌il daylight

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔas–ɬaɬlil people STAT–live

dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there

ʔə PR

PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘They walked now and arrived at these people who dwelled at the place of light.’ 31

ɬudxʷʔiwədəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ɬu=dxʷ–ʔiwəd=axʷ əlgʷəʔ IRR=CTD–decide=now PL

‘They will decide.’ 32

gʷatəxʷ ʔə dibəɬ kʷi ɬuʔux̌ʷtxʷ kʷi sləx̌il gʷat=axʷ who=now

ʔə PR

dibəɬ we

kʷi

ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ kʷi

REM

IRR=go–ECS

REM

sləx̌il daylight

‘ “Which of us will take the light?’ 33

gʷəsdukʷ gʷəbək’ʷaɬi gʷəʔux̌ʷ gʷə=s=dukʷu gʷə=bək’ʷ=aɬi SBJ=NM=abnormal SBJ=all=1PL.SBRD

gʷə=ʔux̌ʷ SBJ=go

‘ “It would be bad if we both were to go.’ 34

yəx̌i čəɬ gʷəhaydub ləʔux̌ʷc čəɬ tiʔəʔ sləx̌il yəx̌i čəɬ because 1PL.SUB

gʷə=hay–dxʷ–b lə=ʔux̌ʷ–c čəɬ tiʔəʔ SBJ=known–DC–PASS PROG=go–ALTV 1PL.SUB PROX

sləx̌il daylight

‘ “Because we would be known to be going after this light.’ 35

ɬuqadabid čəɬ ʔal kʷi ɬudəxʷʔacəc ɬu=qada–bi–t IRR=steal–SS–ICS

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ʔal at

kʷi REM

‘ “We will steal it from where it is.” ’

ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔacəc IRR=ADNM=be.in.place

Harry Moses

36

331

tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bibščəb tu=cut=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say=now PROX

diʔəʔ here

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

‘Little Mink said,’ 37

ʔəca kʷi ɬuhədʔiw’b ʔəca kʷi I REM

ɬu=hədʔiw’–b IRR=indoors–PASS

‘ “I am the one who will enter the building.’ 38

kayiɬ čəd ɬuləluluƛ’ ɬasqʷəlubus, ɬasx̌ʷal’ kayiɬ pretend

čəd ɬu=lə=lu–luƛ’ ɬu=ʔas–qʷəlub•us 1SG.SUB IRR=PROG=ATTN–old IRR=STAT–grey.hair•head

ɬu=ʔas–x̌ʷal’ IRR=STAT–fail

‘ “I will pretend to be old and grey and feeble.’ 39

ɬasck’usəd ɬuhədʔiw’bəd ɬu=ʔas–ck’usəd IRR=STAT–walking.stick

ɬu=hədʔiw’–b=ad IRR=indoors–MD=1SG.SBRD

‘ “Using a cane I will go in.’ 40

ɬuləʔux̌ʷ čəd dxʷʔal kʷi siʔab ʔabsləx̌il ɬu=lə=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=PROG=go

čəd 1SG.SUB

dxʷ–ʔal

kʷi

CNTRPT–at

REM

siʔab noble

‘ “I will go to the nobleman who has the daylight.’ 41

dəxʷʔaʔ kʷi ɬudsʔaʔ dəxʷ=ʔaʔ ADNM=be.there

kʷi

ɬu=d=s=ʔaʔ

REM

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=be.there

‘ “There is where I will be.” ’ 42

cuuc tiʔəʔ qaw’qs cut–c say–ALTV

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘Raven says to him,’

qaw’qs raven

ʔas–bəs–sləx̌il STAT–PROP–daylight

332

43

How Daylight Was Stolen

ɬuʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kʷi ɬudsʔacəc ɬu=ʔal IRR=at

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

kʷi

ɬu=d=s=ʔacəc

REM

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=be.in.place

‘ “I will be at this place here.’ 44

ɬasʔaciɬ čəd dxʷʔal kʷi ɬadsʔəƛ’txʷ ɬu=ʔas–ʔaciɬ čəd dxʷ–ʔal kʷi IRR=STAT–pause 1SG.SUB CNTRPT–at REM

ɬu=ad=s=ʔəƛ’–txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=come–ECS

‘ “I will wait for you to bring it.’ 45

siʔ ƛ’ub ɬadsəsƛ’ip’aɬəd čəxʷa ɬuɬčil dxʷdiʔaʔ gʷəl ʔəcahəxʷ kʷi ɬubəkʷədad, ɬukʷədadxʷaxʷ siʔ right.there

ƛ’ub well

ɬu=ad=s=ʔas–ƛ’ip’–aɬ–t

čəxʷa 2SG.COORD

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–squeeze–INCRP–ICS

ɬu=ɬčil dxʷ–diʔaʔ gʷəl ʔəca=axʷ kʷi IRR=arrive CNTRPT–PROX.DMA SCONJ I=now REM

ɬu=bə=kʷəda–t IRR=ADD=taken–ICS

ɬu=kʷəda–dxʷ=axʷ IRR=taken–DC=now

‘ “Just so will you be clutching it and you will arrive here, and I am the one who will take it anew.” ’ 46

tutəlawiləxʷ tiʔəʔ tu=təlawil=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=run=now PROX

‘He ran.’ 47

tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ bibščəb gʷəl tuɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ siʔab ʔabsləx̌il tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ bi–bəščəb gʷəl tu=ɬčil dxʷ–ʔal PAST=go=now PROX ATTN–mink SCONJ PAST=arrive CNTRPT–at siʔab noble

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here

PROX

ʔas–bəs–sləx̌il STAT–PROP–daylight

‘Little Mink went and he came to the nobleman who had daylight.’ 48

ləluˑƛ’ ʔəsqʷəlubus ləsck’usəd lə=luƛ’ PROG=old

ʔas–qʷəlub•us STAT–grey.hair•head

ləs–ck’usəd PROG.STAT–use.walking.stick

‘He is old with grey hair and uses a cane.’

Harry Moses

49

333

šudub ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ šuɬ–dxʷ–b see–DC–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔaciɬtabixʷ people

‘He is seen by these people.’ 50

ʔuˑ dč’aʔkʷbixʷ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tiʔəʔ ʔuɬčil ʔu INTJ

dč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tiʔəʔ people PROX

ʔu–ɬčil PFV–arrive

‘ “Oh, a person of a different tribe has arrived.” ’ 51

ʔuˑ cutəxʷ bibščəb ʔu INTJ

cut=axʷ say=now

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

‘Little Mink says.’ 52

ʔuˑ sʔušəbabdxʷ čəd ʔu INTJ

sʔušəbabdxʷ poor.guy

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “Oh, I am poor.’ 53

xʷiʔ kʷi stab, kʷi gʷəstabəxʷ gʷubəq’əd čəd gʷəsuʔəɬəds xʷiʔ kʷi NEG

REM

stab what

kʷi REM

gʷə=stab=axʷ gʷə=ʔu–bəq’–t SBJ=what=now SBJ=PFV–have.in.mouth–ICS

čəd gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd=s 1SG.SUB SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘ “I have nothing, nothing to put in my mouth to eat.’ 54

xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi gʷatəxʷ ʔal cəxʷʔaʔ gʷəƛ’ashuyuc haʔɬ, čəda ləʔəƛ’ ləgʷəč’alikʷ dxʷʔal kʷi siʔab ʔabsləx̌il xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

kʷi REM

gʷat=axʷ ʔal who=now at

d=dəxʷ=ʔaʔ 1SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

gʷə=ƛ’u=ʔas–huyu–t–s haʔɬ čəda lə=ʔəƛ’ SBJ=HAB=STAT–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ good 1SG.COORD PROG=come lə=gʷəč’–alikʷ PROG=search–ACT

dxʷ–ʔal

kʷi

CNTRPT–at

REM

siʔab noble

ʔas–bəs–sləx̌il STAT–PROP–daylight

‘ “There is no one where I am who treats me well, so I am coming, looking for the nobleman who possesses daylight.’

334

55

How Daylight Was Stolen

ʔaʔ kʷi ɬudsəsɬaq’ čəda ʔux̌ʷ ʔaʔ be.there

kʷi

ɬu=d=s=ʔas–ɬaq’a

REM

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–fallen

čəda 1SG.COORD

ʔux̌ʷ go

‘ “There I will lie down and I go.’ 56

gʷəl ɬuhaʔɬ kʷi gʷədsəshuy gʷəl

ɬu=haʔɬ

kʷi

gʷə=d=s=ʔas–huyu

SCONJ

IRR=good

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–made

‘ “And I will be treated well.” ’ 57

tukʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ siʔab tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl tucutəb tu=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ PAST=taken–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

siʔab tiʔəʔ noble PROX

diʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl here old SCONJ

tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS

‘The old man was taken by the arm by the nobleman and was spoken to,’ 58

ɬuʔal tudiʔ ʔalq’ʷ kʷi ɬadsəstədᶻil ɬadsɬagʷid ɬu=ʔal IRR=at

tudiʔ ʔalq’ʷ kʷi ɬu=ad=s=ʔas–tədᶻil DIST.DMA away.from.fire REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–lie.in.bed

ɬu=ad–sɬagʷid IRR=2SG.PO–sleeping.mat

‘ “Over there at the back you will go to bed, you will have your pallet.” ’ 59

tucutəxʷ tu=cut=axʷ PAST=say=now

‘(Little Mink) spoke,’ 60

xʷiʔ, ƛ’ušišədᶻal čəd ʔal tə ɬax̌ xʷiʔ ƛ’u=ši–šədᶻal čəd ʔal NEG HAB=ATTN–go.outdoors 1SG.SUB at

tə NSPEC

‘ “No, I need to go outside a bit during the night.’

ɬax̌ dark

Harry Moses

61

335

ƛ’ub ləq’aɬucid kʷi ɬudsʔaʔ ƛ’ub well

ləq’aɬ•ucid be.in.right.place•mouth

kʷi

ɬu=d=s=ʔaʔ

REM

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=be.there

‘ “It is better that I be by the door.” ’ 62

tuhuyutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷəsɬaq’s ləq’aɬucid tu=huyu–t–b=axʷ ʔə PAST=made–ICS–PASS=now PR

tiʔəʔ

dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaq’a=s ADNM=STAT–fallen=3PO

PROX

ləq’aɬ•ucid be.in.right.place•mouth

‘His place was made by the door.’ 63

ƛ’uʔaˑʔ x̌ʷul’ ƛ’aswačbid tiʔiɬ ƛ’ashuyutid tiʔəʔ sləx̌il ƛ’u=ʔaʔ x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=ʔas–wač–bi–t tiʔiɬ HAB=be.there only HAB=STAT–watch–MAP–ICS DIST ƛ’u=ʔas–huyu–t–id HAB=STAT–made–ICS–PASS.SBRD

tiʔəʔ

sləx̌il daylight

PROX

‘He would be there just watching what was done with the daylight.’ 64

x̌ʷul’ ʔəswačbid x̌ʷul’ ʔas–wač–bi–t only STAT–watch–MAP–ICS

‘He just watches it.’ 65

x̌ʷul’ ƛ’ulədiʔiʔil tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaɬ gʷəl ƛ’uləƛ’ip’usitəb tiʔəʔ sləx̌il x̌ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=lə=diʔ–iʔ–il

tiʔiɬ

HAB=PROG=exc–other.side–INCH DIST

ƛ’u=lə=ƛ’ip’•us–i–t–b HAB=PROG=squeeze•face–SS–ICS–PASS

ɬukʷaɬ gʷəl sun SCONJ

tiʔəʔ PROX

sləx̌il daylight

‘As the sun would move to the other side, then the daylight would gradually get its face squeezed shut.’ 66

diɬ səɬaˑx̌il diɬ

s=lə=ɬax̌–il

FOC

NM=PROG=dark–INCH

‘It gradually becomes night.’

336

67

How Daylight Was Stolen

ƛ’uləƛ’uc’usitəb ƛ’u=lə=ƛ’uc’•us–i–t–b HAB=PROG=tied.in.bunch•face–SS–ICS–PASS

‘It would gradually get its face tied shut.’ 68

diɬ sbəsads diɬ

s=bəsad=s

FOC

NM=dark=3PO

‘That is the dark.’ 69

ʔəswačbitəb ʔə bibščəb ʔas–wač–bi–t–b ʔə STAT–watch–MAP–ICS–PASS PR

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

‘It is watched by Little Mink.’ 70

ʔaləxʷ sɬixʷəɬdacuts kʷi sʔaʔs bibščəb gʷəl ʔux̌ʷc tiʔəʔ sləx̌il ʔal=axʷ s=ɬixʷ•əɬ•dat–t–sut=s kʷi s=ʔaʔ=s bi–bəščəb at=now NM=three•CLS•day–ICS–REFL=3PO REM NM=be.there=3PO ATTN–mink gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–c go–ALTV

tiʔəʔ sləx̌il PROX daylight

‘When it is three days that Little Mink is there, then he goes after the daylight.’ 71

xʷiʔ uʔxʷ gʷəsɬaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ čaləs xʷiʔ NEG

uʔxʷ gʷə=s=ɬaʔ SBJ=NM=arrive

PTCL

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

čaləs–s hand–3PO

‘He cannot reach it with his hand.’ 72

ƛ’al’ lil gʷəl ləx̌ ƛ’al’ lil gʷəl ləx̌ also far SCONJ light

‘It is still far away when it lights up.’ 73

tiləb ʔusaxʷəb bibščəb gʷəl tədᶻil ʔal tiʔiɬ dəxʷəstədᶻils tiləb ʔu–saxʷəb immediately PFV–jump

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

gʷəl SCONJ

tədᶻil lie.in.bed

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ DIST

Harry Moses

337

dəxʷ=ʔas–tədᶻil=s ADNM=STAT–lie.in.bed=3PO

‘Immediately Little Mink jumps back and lies in bed where he goes to bed.’ 74

ʔəstədᶻilič ʔə diʔ q’ʷaɬčup ʔas–tədᶻil•ič STAT–lie.in.bed•covering

ʔə PR

diʔ q’ʷaɬ•čup other.side ash•fire

‘He goes to bed covered by fine ash powder.’ 75

puʔud tiʔəʔ q’ʷaɬčup gʷəl pədič puʔu–t blow–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

q’ʷaɬ•čup ash•fire

gʷəl SCONJ

pəd•ič buried•covering

‘He blows on this fine ash powder and is buried.’ 76

dəb kʷədiʔ ʔiɬlilalʔtxʷ kʷi ʔuƛ’aʔad dəb instead

kʷədiʔ

ʔiɬ–lil•alʔtxʷ

kʷi

ʔu–ƛ’aʔa–t

REM.DMA

PRTV–far•room

REM

PFV–notice–ICS

‘The others at the far part of the house notice it.’ 77

buʔəx̌idəxʷ kʷi [s]ləx̌il kʷi dəxʷwəq’wəq’s bə=ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ ADD=PFV–what.happen=now

kʷi REM

sləx̌il daylight

kʷi

dəxʷ=wəq’–wəq’=s

REM

ADNM=DSTR–blink=3PO

‘ “Why is the daylight blinking?” ’ 78

ʔəšuucəb ʔə ti luƛ’ ʔəsbəč ləq’aɬucid ʔəspədpədič ʔə ti q’ʷaɬčup ʔas–šuɬ–c–b ʔə ti luƛ’ ʔas–bəča STAT–see–ALTV–PASS PR SPEC old STAT–fall ʔas–pəd–pəd•ič ʔə ti STAT–DSTR–buried•covering PR SPEC

ləq’aɬ•ucid be.in.right.place•mouth

q’ʷaɬ•čup ash•fire

‘The old fellow who is lying by the door covered in fine ash powder watches it.’ 79

ʔaˑl bəƛ’uɬax̌ gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷcəb ʔə bibščəb ʔal at

bə=ƛ’u=ɬax̌

gʷəl

bə=ʔux̌ʷ–c–b

ADD=HAB=dark

SCONJ

ADD=go–ALTV–PASS

ʔə bi–bəščəb PR ATTN–mink

‘When it would again be night, Little Mink goes after it again.’

338

80

How Daylight Was Stolen

buusəɬdat kʷi suʔux̌ʷcs tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl tuɬaʔačiʔbid buus•əɬ•dat four•CLS•day

kʷi

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–c=s

REM

NM=PFV–go–ALTV=3PO PROX

tiʔəʔ sləx̌il daylight

gʷəl SCONJ

tu=ɬaʔ•ačiʔ–bi–t PAST=arrive•hand–MAP–ICS

‘For four days he goes after the daylight, then his hand reached it.’ 81

diɬ tuspəkʷibids tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl tusaxʷəbtxʷ diɬ

tu=s=pəkʷib–bi–t=s

tiʔəʔ

FOC

PAST=NM=snatch–MAP–ICS=3PO

PROX

sləx̌il gʷəl tu=saxʷəb–txʷ daylight SCONJ PAST=jump–ECS

‘He snatched the daylight and ran off with it.’ 82

tučalatəb bibščəb tu=čala–t–b bi–bəščəb PAST=chased–ICS–PASS ATTN–mink

‘Little Mink was chased.’ 83

tudiʔ ƛ’uləgʷədabac ʔə ti qʷəɬqʷɬayʔ tiʔiɬ səšulagʷils tudiʔ DIST.DMA

ƛ’u=lə=gʷəd•abac HAB=PROG=down•body

ʔə ti qʷəɬ–qʷɬayʔ PR SPEC DSTR–log

tiʔiɬ DIST

s=lə=šulu–agʷil=s NM=PROG=go.under–AUTO=3PO

‘He keeps below the logs he is going beneath over there.’ 84

xʷiʔ gʷəsučals yəx̌i huy xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–čal=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–chased=3PO

yəx̌i because

huy SCONJ

xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ swift

‘He is not overtaken because he is swift.’ 85

ləsaxʷəbabac ʔə tiʔəʔ qʷɬaʔy dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ sɬčis tiʔəʔ ʔaʔyəds qaw’qs lə=saxʷəb•abac ʔə tiʔəʔ qʷɬaʔy dxʷ–ʔal tiʔiɬ s=ɬčil–s=s PROG=jump•body PR PROX log CNTRPT–at DIST NM=arrive–ALTV=3PO tiʔəʔ ʔaʔyəd–s PROX companion–3PO

qaw’qs raven

‘He is jumping over the logs until he arrives at his friend, Raven.’

Harry Moses

86

339

gʷəl tuʔix̌ʷyid ʔə tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl

tu=ʔix̌ʷi–yi–t

SCONJ

PAST=thrown–DAT–ICS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

sləx̌il daylight

‘And he threw him the daylight.’ 87

kʷədatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs kʷəda–t–b taken–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘It is taken by Raven.’ 88

tuˑdiʔ liɬšəq tiʔiɬ ləč’əlč’əlp ʔə qaw’qs tudiʔ DIST.DMA

liɬ–šq

tiʔiɬ

lə=č’əl–č’əlp

PRLV–high

DIST

PROG=DSTR–turned

ʔə PR

qaw’qs raven

‘Way up high Raven is twisting and turning.’ 89

qʷaʔ qʷaʔ ‘ “Caw, caw!” ’

90

xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷukʷədxʷ yəx̌i huy xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

gʷat who

gʷə=ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ yəx̌i huyu because made

SBJ=PFV–taken–DC

xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ swift

‘There is no one who can manage to catch him because he has become swift.’ 91

qʷiq’ʷ qʷiq’ʷ strong

‘He is strong.’ 92

tiʔəʔ liɬʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ƛ’udəxʷusaxʷəbs tiʔəʔ PROX

liɬ–ʔal PRLV–at

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd land

ƛ’u=dəxʷ=ʔu–saxʷəb=s HAB=NM=PFV–jump=3PO

‘Here on the ground is where (Little Mink) runs.’ 93

tudiʔ liɬšəq dəxʷusaq’ʷs tudiʔ DIST.DMA

liɬ–šq

dəxʷ=ʔu–saq’ʷ=s

PRLV–high

NM=PFV–fly=3PO

‘Way up high is where (Raven) flies.’

340

94

How Daylight Was Stolen

xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷələkʷədxʷ qaw’qs xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

gʷat who

gʷə=lə=kʷəda–dxʷ

qaw’qs raven

SBJ=PROG=taken–DC

‘There is no one who can manage to catch Raven.’ 95

x̌ʷul’ ƛ’uləq’ʷəɬəb gʷəl ləʔix̌ʷyid tiʔəʔ ʔayʔəds x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=q’ʷəɬəb gʷəl lə=ʔix̌ʷi–yi–t only HAB=PROG=tired SCONJ PROG=thrown–DAT–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔayʔəds–s

companion–3PO

‘When he would tire, he would throw it to his friend.’ 96

čalatəb bibščəb čala–t–b chased–ICS–PASS

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

‘Little Mink is chased.’ 97

tudiʔ lil gʷədabac ʔə ti qʷəɬqʷɬayʔ tudiʔ DIST.DMA

lil far

gʷəd•abac down•body

ʔə PR

ti

qʷəɬ–qʷɬayʔ

SPEC

DSTR–log

‘He is way over there beneath the logs.’ 98

tudiʔ ləsaxʷəbabac ʔə ti šqabac tiʔiɬ sətəlawil ʔə bibščəb tudiʔ DIST.DMA

lə=saxʷəb•abac PROG=jump•body

ʔə PR

ti SPEC

šq•abac tiʔiɬ s=lə=təlawil ʔə high•body DIST NM=PROG=run PR

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

‘Little Mink is way over there jumping over the high mass where he is running.’ 99

xʷiʔ kʷi stab gʷələčaldxʷ tiʔəʔ xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ titčul’bixʷ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

stab what

gʷə=lə=čal–dxʷ

tiʔəʔ

SBJ=PROG=chased–DC

PROX

xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ titčul’bixʷ swift small.animal

‘There is nothing able to overtake this swift little animal.’ 100 stiqayuʔ, swəwaʔ tučalad stiqayuʔ wolf

swəwaʔ cougar

tu=čala–t PAST=chased–ICS

‘It was Wolf and Cougar who chased him.’

Harry Moses

341

101 xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷučaladxʷ ti bibščəb yəx̌i huy xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

gʷat who

gʷə=ʔu–čala–dxʷ

ti

bi–bəščəb

SBJ=PFV–chased–DC

SPEC

ATTN–mink

yəx̌i because

huy SCONJ

xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ swift

‘No one can manage to overtake Little Mink because he is swift.’ 102 dxʷʔal tusɬčils əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ q’il’bids əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tuq’ilagʷil gʷəl tuʔuluɬ dxʷ–ʔal tu=s=ɬčil=s əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ q’il’bid–s əlgʷəʔ CNTRPT–at PAST=NM=arrive=3PO PL CNTRPT–at PROX canoe–3PO PL gʷəl

tu=q’ili–agʷil

gʷəl

tu=ʔuluɬ

SCONJ

PAST=aboard–AUTO

SCONJ

PAST=travel.by.water

‘Until they arrived in their canoe they ran and they got in and set off.’ 103 x̌ʷul’əxʷ tuʔuluɬ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tuqʷšabəxʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

tu=ʔuluɬ

əlgʷəʔ

gʷəl

tu=qʷšab=axʷ

PAST=travel.by.water

PL

SCONJ

PAST=foggy=now

‘Just as they set out it became foggy.’ 104 cutəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bibščəb cut=axʷ say=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink

‘Little Mink says,’ 105 ʔaʔ tiʔiɬ dsqəlalitut ɬulaʔ čəd gʷəl ɬuqʷšab tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔaʔ tiʔiɬ d–sqəlalitut ɬu=laʔ čəd gʷəl ɬu=qʷšab be.there DIST 1SG.PO–spirit.power IRR=localize 1SG.SUB SCONJ IRR=foggy tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd land

‘ “I have a spirit power that I will locate and the world will be foggy.” ’ 106 tuqʷšabičəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tux̌ʷilx̌ʷiləxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tuləčalad həlgʷəʔ tu=qʷšab•ič=axʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tu=x̌ʷil–x̌ʷil=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=foggy•covering=now PL SCONJ PAST=DSTR–lost=now PROX

342

How Daylight Was Stolen

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

tu=lə=čala–t PAST=PROG=chased–ICS

həlgʷəʔ PL

‘The fog covered them and these people who were chasing them got lost.’ 107 gʷəl tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now

‘And they went.’ 108 tut’uk’ʷtxʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ sləx̌il tu=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ=axʷ PAST=go.home–ECS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

sləx̌il daylight

‘They took this daylight home.’ 109 x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ tuləɬčildxʷ tiʔəʔ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əlgʷəʔ

tu=lə=ɬčil–dxʷ

tiʔəʔ

PL

PAST=PROG=arrive–DC

PROX

‘They were just managing to arrive with it.’ 110 tuləč’itil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd dəxʷtul’ʔaʔs əlgʷəʔ tu=lə=ɬčil–dxʷ tiʔəʔ tu=lə=č’it–il PAST=PROG=arrive–DC PROX PAST=PROG=near–INCH swatixʷtəd land

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

CNTRPT–at

PROX

dəxʷ=tul’–ʔaʔ=s

əlgʷəʔ

ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO

PL

‘They were drawing near to this land where they were from.’ 111 gʷəl diɬəxʷ kʷi ƛ’ugʷəqilič ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷəl

diɬ=axʷ

kʷi

ƛ’u=gʷəq–il•ič

SCONJ

FOC=now

REM

HAB=bright–INCH•covering

‘And sunshine would envelope the people.’ 112 tucut tu=cut PAST=say

‘They said,’

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

Harry Moses

343

113 ʔuˑ, ʔuʔəƛ’axʷ ti stububš tugʷəč’əd tiʔiɬ sləx̌il ʔu

ʔu–ʔəƛ’=axʷ ti stub–ubš PFV–come=now SPEC PL–man

INTJ

tu=gʷəč’–t PAST=search–ICS

tiʔiɬ sləx̌il daylight

DIST

‘ “Oh, the men who sought the daylight have come.’ 114 ʔiɬč’itəxʷ ʔiɬ–č’it=axʷ PRTV–near=now

‘ “They are coming nearer.’ 115 ləx̌iličəxʷ čəɬ ləx̌–il•ič=axʷ light–INCH•covering=now

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We are covered in light.” ’ 116 tuʔəƛ’txʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl tuɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd dəxʷtul’ʔaʔs əlgʷəʔ tu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ əlgʷəʔ PAST=come–ECS PL tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ PROX

swatixʷtəd land

sləx̌il daylight

gʷəl

tu=ɬčil

dxʷ–ʔal

SCONJ

PAST=arrive

CNTRPT–at

dəxʷ=tul’–ʔaʔ=s

əlgʷəʔ

ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO

PL

‘They brought the daylight and arrived in the land they were from.’ 117 gʷəl qaw’qs kʷi dᶻixʷ tukʷədad tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl SCONJ

qaw’qs raven

kʷi REM

dᶻixʷ first

tu=kʷəda–t

tiʔəʔ

PAST=taken–ICS

PROX

sləx̌il daylight

‘And Raven took the daylight first.’ 118 cədiɬ kʷi tuwačbid cədiɬ s/he

kʷi REM

tu=wač–bi–t PAST=watch–MAP–ICS

‘The one who watched it was he.’ 119 daʔxʷ ƛ’uləɬax̌il gʷəl bələx̌il daʔxʷ just.now

ƛ’u=lə=ɬax̌–il

gʷəl

bə=ləx̌–il

HAB=PROG=dark–INCH

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘No sooner it would become night then it becomes light again.’

344

How Daylight Was Stolen

120 ʔəsʔəx̌idəxʷ kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷasʔitutəs ʔas–ʔəx̌id=axʷ STAT–what.happen=now

kʷi REM

ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

gʷə=ʔas–ʔitut=as SBJ=STAT–sleep=3SBRD

‘Why are the people asleep?’ 121 ƛ’al’ uʔxʷ bələx̌il ƛ’al’ also

uʔxʷ

bə=ləx̌–il

PTCL

ADD=light–INCH

‘It has also become light again.’ 122 x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ x̌ʷul’ only

ʔaɬ fast

‘It is too fast.’ 123 ʔuʔabyitəb bibščəb gʷəl haˑʔkʷ kʷi ƛ’uləɬax̌ils gʷəl ƛ’usləx̌iˑl ʔə kʷi taʔtəbac ʔu–ʔab–yi–t–b bi–bəščəb PFV–extend–DAT–ICS–PASS ATTN–mink

gʷəl SCONJ

haʔkʷ long.time

kʷi REM

ƛ’u=lə=ɬax̌–il–s gʷəl ƛ’u=s=ləx̌–il ʔə kʷi taʔtəbac HAB=PROG=dark–INCH–3PO SCONJ HAB=NM=light–INCH PR REM slow

‘It is given to Little Mink and for a long time it would be night and grow light slowly.’ 124 huy ʔəsaydxʷ tašəɬyačiʔbid tiʔiɬ suhuyuds huy SCONJ

ʔas–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC

tu=ʔas–šəɬ•y•ačiʔ–bi–t PAST=STAT–make•CNN•hand–MAP–ICS

s=ʔu–huyu–t=s NM=PFV–made–ICS=3PO

‘Because he knows how it is done with the hands.’ 125 gʷəl qaw’qs gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ gʷəl SCONJ

qaw’qs raven

gʷəl SCONJ

‘But Raven, he is too fast.’

x̌ʷul’ only

ʔaɬ fast

tiʔiɬ DIST

Harry Moses

345

126 x̌ʷul’ ʔaʔ tiʔiɬ sɬax̌ils gʷəl bələx̌il x̌ʷul’ ʔaʔ only be.there

tiʔiɬ

s=ɬax̌–il=s

gʷəl

bə=ləx̌–il

DIST

NM=dark–INCH=3PO

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘Just when it becomes night then it becomes day again.’ 127 ʔəsʔəx̌idəxʷ kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷastədᶻiləs gʷəl ƛ’al’ uʔxʷ basləx̌il ʔas–ʔəx̌id=axʷ STAT–what.happen=now ƛ’al’ also

kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people

REM

uʔxʷ

bə=ʔas–ləx̌–il

PTCL

ADD=STAT–light–INCH

gʷə=ʔas–tədᶻil=as

gʷəl

SBJ=STAT–lie.in.bed=3SBRD

SCONJ

‘Why are the people in bed when it has become light again?’ 128 šac’əxʷ tiʔiɬ dsgʷəgʷadgʷəd šac’=axʷ finished=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

d=s=gʷəgʷadgʷəd 1SG.PO=NM=converse

‘My talking is finished now.’ 129 dəč’uʔ haʔɬ syəyəhub dəč’uʔ one

haʔɬ good

syəyəhub legend

‘It is a good story.’

5 tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson c. 1886–1964

Louise Anderson with her daughter, Vi Hilbert, and her husband, Charlie. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.

Louise Anderson, born Louise Jimmy in March 1886, was the granddaughter of an influential native doctor and the daughter of a French trapper and a young Lushootseed woman who died while Louise was still in her infancy. She was raised by her grandmother and nursed by the mother of Morris Dan, a respected Skagit Elder. Louise was betrothed at an early age to Adie Tom, son of a family of equal social status to her own, and together they conceived a child. Adie Tom’s mother disapproved of the relationship, however, because Louise was half-French, so Louise fled the area where they were living near Nooksack. On From an account by the late Vi Hilbert and from interviews with Mrs. Hilbert by Jay Miller and by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).

348

Chapter 5

foot and pregnant, she was followed by a little bird who sang to her. Later, this song became a song that Louise would sing in the longhouse. Adie Tom and Louise’s first child died in a flu epidemic that killed many people in the area. Louise married twice more after that, first with Charlie Anderson (1872-1959) and then with George Swanaset. She conceived eight children with Charlie Anderson, but only one, Vi Hilbert (née Anderson), survived. For most of her life, Louise and her family moved from place to place and house to house. Wherever they went, she brought with her a big piece of linoleum that she would spread out flat on the floor, and on it would go her furniture, utensils, and other household goods, and that place became home. Outside the house on a box stood a washbasin, and every morning the family would wash their faces in cold water. Warm water, Louise said, would make their skin old too soon. Louise was a large woman who loved to laugh, and she was an excellent cook and baker who loved to feed people. She was a storyteller as well, someone who would entertain family and friends with anecdotes and accounts of her life and times. When there was need in the community, she was there for the people, always ready to help in times of sickness or death. Louise is remembered as a woman who, in Vi Hilbert’s words, “held out her hands to embrace all of the beauty of life.” Louise passed away on 16 April 1964.

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

349

Basket Ogress

as told by tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson1

1

ʔuhilitəb tə stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷʔal kʷi sʔux̌ʷs dxʷʔal kʷi ʔilgʷiɬ ʔə kʷi x̌ʷəlč ʔu–hili–t–b tə stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷ–ʔal kʷi s=ʔux̌ʷ=s PFV–command–ICS–PASS NSPEC children CNTRPT–at REM NM=go=3PO dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

kʷi

ʔil•gʷiɬ side•waterway

REM

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

x̌ʷəlč sea

‘The children had been told to go down to the shores of the salt chuck.’ 2

hay, ʔahəxʷ hay SCONJ

ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

‘So, there they are.’ 3

gʷəl k’ʷasəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ stawixʷaʔɬ gʷəl SCONJ

k’ʷas–b=axʷ burned–CSMD=now

tiʔiɬ DIST

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘And the children heat up (the food).’ 4

k’ʷasəbəxʷ k’ʷas–b=axʷ burned–CSMD=now

‘They heat up the food.’ 5

ɬildəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ ʔiišəds, ʔiɬc’ic’ət’q ɬil–t=axʷ give.food–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ PL

DIST

ʔiišəd–s relatives–3PO

ʔiɬ–c’i–c’ət’q PRTV–ATTN–pinch

‘They give their friends a little pinch of food.’ 6

ʔa gʷəl, ʔaˑ tiʔiɬ sč’ət’šad ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔuladxʷ ʔa

gʷəl

ʔa

tiʔiɬ

INTJ

SCONJ

INTJ

DIST

sč’ət’šad ʔə fishtail PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

sʔuladxʷ salmon

‘And so there is some salmon tail.’ 1 Recorded by Pamela Amoss in 1962 with Louise Anderson, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect, at Everson, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Louise George, February 1968, and retranscribed and translated by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 5 January 1983; further redaction by Thom Hess.

350

7

Basket Ogress

gʷəl kikəwič tiʔəʔ ʔukʷədadəxʷ gʷəl

ki–kəwič

tiʔəʔ

ʔu–kʷəda–t=axʷ

SCONJ

ATTN–hunchback

PROX

PFV–taken–ICS=now

‘And the one who took it was Little Hunchback.’ 8

ʔabyitəbəxʷ ʔab–yi–t–b=axʷ extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

‘It is given to him.’ 9

ɬadsgʷaʔ tiʔəʔ, kikəwič ɬu=ad=s=gʷaʔ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=ones.own

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘ “This will be yours, Little Hunchback.” ’ 10

ʔuˑ kikəwič [tiʔəʔ] ʔuwiʔadəxʷ ʔu

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

INTJ

tiʔəʔ

ʔu–wiʔa–t=axʷ

PROX

PFV–holler–ICS=now

‘Oh, the one who hollers is Little Hunchback.’ 11

ʔəƛ’a ɬi sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’ahəxʷ ʔəƛ’a come.to

ɬi sƛ’alqəb 2PL.IMP monster

ʔəƛ’a=axʷ come.to=now

‘ “Come here, you monsters, come now!’ 12

sč’ət’šad tiʔəʔ sk’ʷasəb [tiʔəʔ] dsɬiltəb ʔə tiʔəʔ wiw’su sč’ət’šad fishtail ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

s=k’ʷas–b

tiʔəʔ

PROX

NM=burned–CSMD

PROX

tiʔəʔ PROX

d=s=ɬil–t–b 1SG.PO=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS

wiw’su children

‘ “What I have been given by these children is roasted fishtail.” ’ 13

x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil kikəwič x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet

x̌ʷubil quiet

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

x̌ʷubil quiet

‘ “Be quiet, be quiet, Little Hunchback, be quiet!’

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

14

351

gʷəɬčisəb čəɬ ʔə kʷsi sƛ’alqəb gʷə=ɬčil–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ʔə PR

kʷsi REM:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘ “We might be come after by the monster.” ’ 15

ʔaˑ gʷəl bək’ʷasəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ ʔa

gʷəl

bə=k’ʷas–b=axʷ

INTJ

SCONJ

ADD=burned–CSMD=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

dəč’uʔ one

‘And they heat one up again.’ 16

ʔal tiʔiɬ [s]buusils ʔal at

tiʔiɬ

s=buus–il=s

DIST

NM=four–INCH=3PO

‘It is the fourth time.’ 17

ƛ’al’ sixʷ bəsč’ət’šad tiʔəʔ sʔabyitəbs tə kikəwič ƛ’al’ also

sixʷ

bə=sč’ət’šad

tiʔəʔ

s=ʔab–yi–t–b=s

tə

PTCL

ADD=fishtail

PROX

NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

NSPEC

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘Again what is given to Little Hunchback is just another fishtail.’ 18

ʔuˑ ɬuwiʔad čəd ʔu INTJ

ɬu=wiʔa–t IRR=holler–ICS

čəd 1SG.SUB

‘ “Oh, I’ll yell.’ 19

[ʔə]ƛ’aˑ, čaʔkʷcut sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’a come.to

čaʔkʷ–t–sut seaward–ICS–REFL

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘ “Come here, monster, come down to the shore!’ 20

sč’ət’šad tiʔəʔ dsɬiltəb ʔə tə wiw’su sč’ət’šad fishtail

tiʔəʔ PROX

d=s=ɬil–t–b ʔə 1SG.PO=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS PR

‘ “What I am given by the children is fishtail.” ’

tə NSPEC

wiw’su children

352

21

Basket Ogress

x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil kikəwič x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet

x̌ʷubil quiet

x̌ʷubil quiet

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

x̌ʷubil quiet

‘ “Be quiet, be quiet, Little Hunchback, be quiet!’ 22

gʷəɬčisəb čəɬ ʔə kʷsi sƛ’alqəb gʷə=ɬčil–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ʔə PR

kʷsi REM:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘ “We might be come upon the monster.” ’ 23

ƛ’ub ɬuʔəƛ’ sƛ’alqəb ƛ’ub well

ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘ “Let the monster come!’ 24

ƛ’ub ɬuʔəƛ’ ƛ’ub well

ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come

‘ “Let her come!” ’ 25

ʔabil’əxʷ ɬčil ʔabil’=axʷ perhaps=now

ɬčil arrive

‘ “If she arrives,’ 26

gʷəl dəgʷi kʷi ɬukʷədatəb dᶻixʷ gʷəl

dəgʷi you

SCONJ

kʷi

ɬu=kʷəda–t–b

REM

IRR=taken–ICS–PASS

dᶻixʷ first

‘ “And the one who will be taken first is you.” ’ 27

ʔuˑ xʷiʔ ʔu

xʷiʔ

INTJ

NEG

‘ “Oh no.’

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

28

353

ck’ʷaqid čəd ɬuliɬšəq ck’ʷaqid čəd always 1SG.SUB

ɬu=liɬ–šq IRR=PRLV–high

‘ “I will always be up top.’ 29

[ʔə]ƛ’aˑ tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’a come.to

tsi SPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘ “Come here, monster!’ 30

ʔəƛ’a, k’ʷit’ ʔəƛ’a k’ʷit’ come.to shoreward

‘ “Come down to shore.” ’ 31

wiʔad tiʔəʔ kikəwič wiʔa–t holler–ICS

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback hollered.’ 32

xʷiʔ xʷiʔ xʷiʔ

xʷiʔ

NEG

NEG

‘ “No, no!’ 33

xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsugʷiid tsə sƛ’alqəb xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

REM

ad=s=ʔu–gʷihi–t 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–invite–ICS

‘ “Don’t call the Basket Ogress!’ 34

x̌ʷul’ ɬuɬčil x̌ʷul’ only

ɬu=ɬčil IRR=arrive

‘ “She’ll just come.” ’

tsə NSPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

354

35

Basket Ogress

diʔɬəxʷ tusləqdubs tiʔiɬ ʔuƛ’əladiʔ diʔɬ=axʷ suddenly=now

tu=s=ləq–dxʷ–b=s

tiʔiɬ

ʔu–ƛ’əladiʔ

PAST=NM=listen–DC–PASS=3PO

DIST

PFV–make.noise

‘Suddenly, a noise is heard.’ 36

ti bəck’usəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ sƛ’alqəb ti

bə=ck’usəd

SPEC

ADD=walking.stick

ʔə tsiʔiɬ PR DIST:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The walking stick of the Basket Ogress.’ 37

k’ʷtil’šad tiʔiɬ ʔəsɬid ʔal tiʔiɬ ck’ʷusəd k’ʷtil’šad rattle

tiʔiɬ

ʔas–ɬid

DIST

STAT–tied

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ

ck’ʷusəd walking.stick

DIST

‘It is the deer-hoof rattle tied to a walking stick.’ 38

xʷəx xʷəx xʷəx xʷəx ‘Rattle rattle rattle rattle.’

39

ʔəƛ’axʷ kʷədšəd tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now

kʷədšəd certainly

tsi SPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The monster is certainly coming now.’ 40

xʷiʔ xʷiʔ xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsgʷiid xʷiʔ xʷiʔ

xʷiʔ

xʷiʔ

kʷi

NEG

NEG

NEG

REM

ad=s=gʷihi–t 2SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS

xʷiʔ NEG

‘ “No, no, don’t call her, no!” ’ 41

ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔiɬ sƛ’alqəb ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The monster arrives.’ 42

kʷədatəbəxʷ kikəwič tiʔiɬ ʔiɬdᶻixʷ kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ki–kəwič taken–ICS–PASS=now ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback is taken first.’

tiʔiɬ

ʔiɬ–dᶻixʷ

DIST

PRTV–first

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

43

355

dəgʷatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad, hikʷ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad dəkʷa–t–b inside–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad clam.basket

PROX

hikʷ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad big clam.basket

‘He is put inside a clam basket, a big clam basket.’ 44

ʔəsčəbaʔtəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ sƛ’alqəb ʔas–čəbaʔ–t–b STAT–backpack–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ

cədiɬ s/he

PROX:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘It is carried by the monster on her back.’ 45

ƛ’al’ bəkʷədatəbəxʷ tsə diič’uʔ ƛ’al’ also

bə=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

tsə

ADD=taken–ICS–PASS=now

NSPEC:FEM

diič’uʔ one:HMN

‘A girl is also taken.’ 46

ƛ’al’ budᶻalqcut tiʔəʔ kikəwič ƛ’al’ also

bə=ʔu–dᶻalq–t–sut

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

ADD=PFV–turn–ICS–REFL

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback gets himself on top [of her].’ 47

bəšəqcutəxʷ sixʷ bə=šq–t–sut=axʷ ADD=high–ICS–REFL=now

sixʷ PTCL

‘He gets himself on top again.’ 48

ʔaˑ kʷədad tsiʔəʔ d[ii]č’uʔ ʔa INTJ

kʷəda–t taken–ICS

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diič’uʔ one:HMN

‘And then (Basket Ogress) takes a girl.’ 49

kʷədad kʷəda–t taken–ICS

‘She takes her.’

356

50

Basket Ogress

gʷəl bədəgʷaš dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad gʷəl SCONJ

bə=dəkʷa–š ADD=inside–ICS

dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

tiʔəʔ

xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad clam.basket

PROX

‘And she puts her in the basket.’ 51

ƛ’al’ sixʷ bušəqcut tiʔəʔ kikəwič ƛ’al’ sixʷ also PTCL

bə=ʔu–šq–t–sut

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

ADD=PFV–high–ICS–REFL

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback raises himself again as well.’ 52

x̌ʷul’ul’ bəc’ac tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad ʔəshuyutub ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sƛ’alqəb x̌ʷul’–ul’ bəc’ac tiʔəʔ INTNS–only snake PROX tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

diʔəʔ here

xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad ʔas–huyu–txʷ–b ʔə clam.basket STAT–made–ECS–PASS PR

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The basket the Basket Ogress has made is just (composed of) snakes.’ 53

x̌ʷuˑl’ bəc’ac x̌ʷul’ bəc’ac only snake

‘Just snakes.’ 54

bəkʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sƛ’alqəb tsiʔiɬ bədiič’uʔ tul’ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔiɬgʷəd bə=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ADD=taken–ICS–PASS=now tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at

ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM

tiʔiɬ

ʔiɬ–gʷəd

DIST

PRTV–down

sƛ’alqəb tsiʔiɬ monster DIST:FEM

‘A girl is taken from underneath by the Basket Ogress.’ 55

ʔululub ʔi diič’uʔ bək’ʷ tiʔiɬ kikəwič ʔululub ten:HMN

ʔi CONJ

diič’uʔ bək’ʷ tiʔiɬ one:HMN all DIST

‘Eleven people and Little Hunchback.’ 56

ʔululub ʔi diič’uʔ ʔululub ten:HMN

ʔi CONJ

‘Eleven people.’

diič’uʔ one:HMN

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

bə=diič’uʔ ADD=one:HMN

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

57

357

ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tsi SPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The Basket Ogress goes.’ 58

ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘She goes.’ 59

čubəhəxʷ čubə=axʷ go.inland=now

‘She goes inland.’ 60

ləsčəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ wiw’su stawixʷaʔɬ ləs–čəbaʔ–t PROG.STAT–backpack–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

wiw’su children

‘She is backpacking the children.’ 61

tiˑləb ʔuɬčil tiləb immediately

ʔu–ɬčil PFV–arrive

‘They arrive right away.’ 62

hudičup ɬi wiw’su hud•i•čup burn•CNN•fire

ɬi 2PL.IMP

‘ “Start a fire, children!” ’ 63

hudičup ɬi hud•i•čup burn•CNN•fire

‘ “Start a fire!” ’

ɬi 2PL.IMP

wiw’su children

stawixʷaʔɬ children

358

64

Basket Ogress

hudičup tsi sƛ’alqəb hud•i•čup burn•CNN•fire

tsi SPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The Basket Ogress makes a fire.’ 65

hudičup tsi sƛ’alqəb hud•i•čup tsi burn•CNN•fire SPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The Basket Ogress makes a fire.’ 66

ɬudxʷsədiləxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ ɬu=dxʷs–həd–il=axʷ tiʔəʔ IRR=CTD–warm–INCH=now PROX

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

‘The stones will be warmed up in that.’ 67

č’ƛ’aʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ hud č’ƛ’aʔ stone

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

hud burn

‘Here where the fire is are rocks.’ 68

diɬ dəxʷuhududs əlgʷəʔ diɬ

dəxʷ=ʔu–hudu–t=s

əlgʷəʔ

FOC

ADNM=PFV–burn–ICS=3PO

PL

‘That is where they burn them.’ 69

tiləbəxʷ ʔukʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ tiʔəʔ ck’ʷusəd tiləb=axʷ ʔu–kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ immediately=now PFV–taken–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX ck’ʷusəd walking.stick

‘The walking stick is grabbed by the children.’ 70

ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire

ɬi 2PL.IMP

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘ “Get out of the fire, children!’

stawixʷaʔɬ children

tiʔəʔ PROX

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

71

359

ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire

ɬi 2PL.IMP

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘ “Get out of the fire, children!” ’ 72

ləcutəlšəd tsi dəgʷi, sƛ’alqəb! ləcu–təls•šəd tsi CONT–dance•leg SPEC:FEM

dəgʷi sƛ’alqəb you monster

‘ “You are doing the foot-drumming dance, Basket Ogress!” ’ 73

ləcutəlšəd ləcu–təls•šəd CONT–dance•leg

‘She is dancing.’ 74

gʷəl tux̌ʷ ʔəsdᶻubalikʷ gʷəl SCONJ

tux̌ʷ just

ʔas–dᶻub–alikʷ STAT–kick–act

‘She’s just dancing.’ 75

higʷəxʷ ʔəsdxʷsədiləxʷ tiʔiɬ č’ƛ’aʔ hikʷ=axʷ big=now

ʔas–dxʷs–həd–il=axʷ

tiʔiɬ

STAT–CTD–warm–INCH=now

DIST

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

‘The stones are getting very hot (in the fire).’ 76

ɬač’ad ɬi tiʔiɬ hud, stawixʷaʔɬ ɬač’a–t extinguished–ICS

ɬi tiʔiɬ hud 2PL.IMP DIST burn

‘ “Put out the fire, children!’ 77

ɬač’ad ɬi tiʔiɬ hud ɬač’a–t extinguished–ICS

‘ “Put out the fire!” ’

ɬi 2PL.IMP

tiʔiɬ DIST

hud burn

stawixʷaʔɬ children

360

78

Basket Ogress

xʷiʔ tsi sƛ’alqəb, xʷiʔ xʷiʔ

tsi

NEG

SPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

xʷiʔ NEG

‘ “No, Basket Ogress, no.’ 79

xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬač’[s] xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬač’=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–exinguished=3PO

‘ “It won’t go out.’ 80

yaʔɬ čəɬ ləcuɬač’ad yaʔɬ čəɬ unable 1PL.SUB

ləcu–ɬač’a–t CONT–extinguish–ICS

‘ “We can’t put it out.” ’ 81

ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire

ɬi 2PL.IMP

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘Get out of the fire, children!’ 82

ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire

ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ 2PL.IMP children

‘Get out of the fire, children!’ 83

huy dᶻubdᶻubalikʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ

dᶻub–dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ DSTR–kick–act=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘Then the children danced.’ 84

ləcuɬalšəbəxʷ dəgʷi, tsi sƛ’alqəb ləcu–ɬal–š–b=axʷ CONT–remove.from.fire–ICS–PASS=now

dəgʷi you

tsi SPEC:FEM

‘ “You are being taken out of the fire now, Basket Ogress.’

sƛ’alqəb monster

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

85

361

ləcuɬalšəbəxʷ ləcu–ɬal–š–b=axʷ CONT–remove.from.fire–ICS–PASS=now

‘ “You are being taken out of the fire.” ’ 86

xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬalšid[s] xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬal–š–id=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–remove.from.fire–ICS–PASS.SBRD=3PO

‘She is not taken out of the fire.’ 87

xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬaldxʷ čəɬ tsi dəgʷi xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬal–dxʷ

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–remove.from.fire–DC

čəɬ 1PL.PO

tsi SPEC:FEM

‘ “We can’t get you out of the fire.” ’ 88

ʔaˑ, kʷədadəxʷ ʔa INTJ

kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

‘Oh, they take it.’ 89

kʷədadəxʷ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

‘They take it.’ 90

hudəxʷ hudəxʷ hudəxʷ hudəxʷ tiʔəʔ hud hud=axʷ hud=axʷ hud=axʷ hud=axʷ burn=now burn=now burn=now burn=now

‘The wood burns, it burns, it burns, it burns.’ 91

gʷəl ɬač’ gʷəl SCONJ

ɬač’ extinguished

‘And it goes out.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

hud burn

dəgʷi you

362

92

Basket Ogress

yaʔɬ ləcuɬaldub tsiʔəʔ sƛ’alqəb yaʔɬ unable

ləcu–ɬal–dxʷ–b CONT–remove.from.fire–DC–PASS

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘The Basket Ogress isn’t removed from the fire.’ 93

ʔaˑ, ɬalš čəɬ tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔa INTJ

ɬal–š remove.from.fire–ICS

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

tsi SPEC:FEM

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘ “Oh, we were taking the Basket Ogress out of the fire.’ 94

gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsukʷədxʷ čəɬ gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–taken–DC

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “And we couldn’t get her (out).” ’ 95

tiˑləbəxʷ x̌əɬ ti ʔusaʔsxʷəb tiʔəʔ kikəwič tiləb=axʷ x̌əɬ‿ti ʔu–saʔ–sxʷəb immediately=now seemingly PFV–ATTN–run

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Right then it seems that Little Hunchback had scurried off.’ 96

huy k’ʷit’əxʷ huy SCONJ

k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now

‘Then he goes shoreward.’ 97

k’ʷit’əxʷ k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now

‘He goes shoreward.’ 98

ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go

‘He goes.’

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

99

363

gʷəl ɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ q’il’bid gʷəl

ɬčil arrive

SCONJ

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔiɬ q’il’bid canoe

CNTRPT–at DIST

‘Then he gets to his canoe.’ 100 ɬčil ɬčil arrive

‘He arrives.’ 101 tiˑləb kikəwič tiʔiɬ ʔiɬdᶻixʷ tiləb ki–kəwič tiʔiɬ immediately ATTN–hunchback DIST

ʔiɬ–dᶻixʷ PRTV–first

‘Right then Little Hunchback is first.’ 102 ɬušədᶻt ɬu=šədᶻt IRR=bow

‘He will be in the bow.’ 103 xʷiʔ, xʷiʔ kikəwič, xʷiʔ xʷiʔ

xʷiʔ

ki–kəwič

xʷiʔ

NEG

NEG

ATTN–hunchback

NEG

‘ “No, no, Little Hunchback, no.’ 104 ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔudəgʷiɬ kʷ(i) adsq’il ʔal at

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔudəkʷ•gʷiɬ kʷi ad=s=q’ili centre•canoe REM 2SG.PO=NM=aboard

‘ “You should be in the centre of the canoe.’ 105 ʔal diʔilaq kʷ(i) adsq’il ʔal at

diʔilaq stern

kʷi REM

ad=s=q’ili 2SG.PO=NM=aboard

‘ “You sit in the stern.” ’

364

Basket Ogress

106 xʷiʔ xʷiʔ NEG

‘No.’ 107 xʷiʔ gʷəsq’ilitəbs tiʔəʔ kikəwič xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=q’ili–t–b=s

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

NEG

SBJ=NM=aboard–ICS–PASS=3PO

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback was not put on board.’ 108 huy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘Well, the children go.’ 109 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ dxʷʔal kʷədiʔ dəxʷɬaʔs əlgʷəʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal go=now CNTRPT–at

kʷədiʔ

dəxʷ=ɬaʔ=s

əlgʷəʔ

REM.DMA

ADNM=arrive=3PO

PL

‘They go towards their destination.’ 110 huy ʔupusutəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔə tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ huy SCONJ

ʔu–pusu–t–b=axʷ əlgʷəʔ PFV–thrown–ICS–PASS=now PL

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

‘Stones are thrown at them by Little Hunchback.’ 111 x̌alalx̌al x̌al–al–x̌al DSTR–INTNS–get.just.desserts

‘ “That’s what you get!’ 112 x̌alalx̌al x̌al–al–x̌al DSTR–INTNS–get.just.desserts

‘ “That’s what you get!” ’

ki–kəwič ʔə ATTN–hunchback PR

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

365

113 tuxʷəƛ’ tiʔiɬ x̌ʷubts əlgʷəʔ tu=xʷəƛ’ PAST=break

tiʔiɬ

x̌ʷubt–s paddle–3PO

DIST

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Their paddle broke.’ 114 ʔuɬčiləxʷ tiʔəʔ wiw’su dxʷʔal ti dəxʷtul’ʔas əlgʷəʔ ʔu–ɬčil=axʷ PFV–arrive=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

wiw’su children

dəxʷ=tul’–ʔa=s NM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO

dxʷ–ʔal

ti

CNTRPT–at

SPEC

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They got back to where they had come from.’ 115 ʔuʔəx̌itxʷ čələp ʔu–ʔəx̌id–txʷ PFV–what.happen–ECS

čələp 2PL.SUB

‘ “What did you guys do to him?’ 116 ʔuʔəx̌itxʷ ti stuʔtəbšləp ʔu–ʔəx̌id–txʷ ti PFV–what.happen–ECS SPEC

stuʔ–təbš–lap ATTN–man–2PL.PO

‘ “What happened to your only man?” ’ 117 bək’ʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ bək’ʷ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ all PL–woman

‘They are all women.’ 118 sɬaaɬədəyʔ tiʔiʔiɬ sɬa–a–ɬədəyʔ tiʔ–iʔiɬ ATTN–PL–woman PL–DIST

‘They are girls.’ 119 xʷiʔ gʷəstutubš xʷiʔ

gʷə=stu–tubš

NEG

SBJ=ATTN–man

‘There are no boys.’

366

Basket Ogress

120 ʔuɬəgʷɬ čəɬ ʔu–ɬəgʷɬ PFV–leave

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We left him.’ 121 ʔuɬəgʷɬ čəɬ ti kikəwič ʔu–ɬəgʷɬ PFV–leave

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ti

ki–kəwič

SPEC

ATTN–hunchback

‘ “We left Little Hunchback.’ 122 diɬ tiʔiɬ xʷiʔ gʷəsuq’als diɬ

tiʔiɬ

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–q’al=s

FOC

DIST

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–believe=3PO

‘ “He is the one who didn’t believe it.’ 123 ƛ’uqəldxʷ čəɬ ƛ’u=qəl–dxʷ HAB=bad–DC

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

‘ “We were warning him.’ 124 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsuləqs gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔu–ləq=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–listen=3PO

‘ “And he didn’t listen.” ’ 125 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well

‘ “Okay.’ 126 ƛ’ub kʷi sɬəgʷɬləp ƛ’ub well

kʷi

s=ɬəgʷɬ=lap

REM

NM=leave=2PL.PO

‘ “It is okay that you left him.” ’

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

367

127 huy ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ scapaʔs huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST

scapaʔ–s grandfather–3PO

‘Then his grandfather goes.’ 128 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘He goes.’ 129 gʷəč’ədaxʷ tiʔiɬ kikəwič gʷəč’–t=axʷ search–ICS=now

tiʔiɬ

ki–kəwič

DIST

ATTN–hunchback

‘He looks for Little Hunchback.’ 130 ɬčiˑl tiʔiɬ scapaʔ ʔə kikəwič ɬčil arrive

tiʔiɬ DIST

scapaʔ ʔə grandfather PR

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback’s grandfather arrives.’ 131 q’ilidəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔibac q’ili–t=axʷ aboard–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔibac grandchild

‘He puts his grandchild aboard.’ 132 bubx̌əd bubx̌əd horsetail

‘There are horsetails.’ 133 bubx̌əd tiʔəʔ dəxʷq’ilids bubx̌əd horsetail

tiʔəʔ

dəxʷ=q’ili–t=s

PROX

ADNM=aboard–ICS=3PO

‘Where he puts him aboard there are horsetails.’

368

Basket Ogress

134 tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔiɬʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ q’il’bids, bubx̌əd tiʔəʔ PROX

dəxʷ=ʔiɬ–ʔa ʔə NM=PRTV–be.there PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO

bubx̌əd horsetail

‘Where their canoe is, horsetails.’ 135 ʔuʔəx̌idəxʷ ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ PFV–what.happen=now

‘ “What happened?’ 136 ʔuʔəx̌idəxʷ ti dəxʷɬəgʷɬləp ti susuq’ʷaʔləp ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ PFV–what.happen=now

ti

dəxʷ=ɬəgʷɬ=lap

ti

SPEC

ADNM=leave=2PL.PO

SPEC

su–suq’ʷaʔ–lap ATTN–younger.sibling–2PL.PO

‘ “Why did you leave your younger brother?” ’ 137 ʔuˑ diɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ [dəxʷ]gʷiids tsi sƛ’alqəb gʷətuɬčiləs čɬa gʷətuhudutəb ʔə tsə sƛ’alqəb ʔu INTJ

diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

tiʔəʔ

dəxʷ=gʷihi–t=s

tsi

PROX

ADNM=invite–ICS=3PO

SPEC:FEM

gʷə=tu=ɬčil=as SBJ=PAST=arrive=3SBRD tsə NSPEC:FEM

čɬa 1PL.COORD

sƛ’alqəb monster

gʷə=tu=hudu–t–b SBJ=PAST=burn–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

sƛ’alqəb monster

‘ “Oh, he’s the one who called the Basket Ogress when she came, and we would have been cooked by the Basket Ogress.’ 138

diɬəxʷ ti dəxʷəsdukʷtxʷ čəɬ čɬa x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔuɬəgʷɬəgʷɬ diɬ=axʷ ti dəxʷ=ʔas–dukʷtxʷ čəɬ FOC=now SPEC ADNM=STAT–be.angry.at 1PL.PO

čɬa 1PL.COORD

ʔu–ɬəgʷ–ɬəgʷɬ PFV–DSTR–leave

‘ “That is why we got mad at him and so we just left him.” ’

x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson

369

139 huy ɬčiləxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔalʔal ʔə tiʔiɬ yəl’yəlabs huy SCONJ

ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

ʔalʔal house

‘Then they arrived home to their parents.’

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

yəl’–yəlab–s

DIST

DSTR–elder–3PO

6 ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson c. 1888–1980

Martin Sampson in 1913. Swinomish Tribal Archive.

Martin Sampson was born in Skagit County, Washington, to Joseph Sampson and Susie Sampson Peter. Following his early education at the Swinomish Day School, he attended Chemawa Indian School in Salem, Oregon, graduating in 1908. After two additional years at the Hampton Institute, Sampson returned to Skagit County, where he began his political life advocating for the treaty rights of Native Americans. He actively participated in the landmark Duwamish et al. v. United States treaty litigation of the 1920s and early ’30s, and was a prominent figure in the pivotal political group the Northwest Federation of American Indians, which he served as president in the 1930s. Sampson was elected to the first Swinomish Tribal Senate formed after the tribe adopted the Indian

372

Chapter 6

Martin Sampson and his wife, Cecilia “Betty” Willup, with Vi Hilbert. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.

Reorganization Act, and served as a senator, and later Tribal Chairman, until the early 1950s. He then relocated to Tacoma, Washington, where he lived out his life. – Theresa L. Trebon Records Manager – Tribal Archivist Swinomish Indian Tribal Community

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson

373

Basket Ogress

as told by ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson1

1

ƛ’uʔəƛ’ tiʔiɬə kikiʔalus stawixʷaʔɬ tubibƛ’aʔɬ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swədəbš ƛ’u=ʔəƛ’ HAB=come tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔiɬə

kikiʔalus Kikialus

DIST

stawixʷaʔɬ children

tu=bibƛ’aʔɬ

dxʷ–ʔal

PAST=picnic

CNTRPT–at

swədəbš Snohomish

‘The Kikiallus children always come and have a picnic at Snohomish.’ 2

day’ tiʔəʔ kikəwič ləgʷəb stubš kʷi ɬuʔux̌ʷtxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔaˑl tiʔəʔ day’ uniquely tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

stawixʷaʔɬ children

ʔal at

ləgʷəb youth

stubš man

kʷi

ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ

REM

IRR=go–ECS

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘The one who takes the children is Little Hunchback, a youth.’ 3

dəxʷʔahəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ swədəbš dəxʷ=ʔa=axʷ ADNM=be.there=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

swədəbš Snohomish

‘They are from Snohomish.’ 4

xʷiwuʔc dəxʷʔahəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ xʷiwuʔc Xwiwuts

dəxʷ=ʔa=axʷ ADNM=be.there=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘Xwiwuts, that is where the children are from.’ 5

ɬax̌iləxʷ ɬax̌–il=axʷ dark–INCH=now

‘It gets dark now.’

1

Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 13 December 1977, with Martin Sampson, a speaker of the Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert, 3 January 1983; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.

374

6

Basket Ogress

ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ, ʔax̌ʷadus ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ woman

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘This woman, Basket Ogress, arrives.’ 7

ʔa haw’əʔ ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔa be.there

haw’əʔ PTCL

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘She is right there.’ 8

xʷiʔ gʷəsəsaydubs ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷiʔ gʷə=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ–b=s NEG SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC–PASS=3PO

ʔə PR

‘It is not known by the children.’ 9

ɬčiləxʷ ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

‘She arrives.’ 10

gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ gʷəl SCONJ

kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

‘And she takes the children.’ 11

kʷədabidəxʷ kʷəda–bi–t=axʷ taken–MAP–ICS=now

‘She captures them.’ 12

kʷədad tiʔəʔ kʷəda–t taken–ICS

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘She takes them.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson

13

375

gʷəl lədəgʷaš gʷəl

lə=dəkʷa–š

SCONJ

PROG=inside–ICS

‘And she’s putting them inside.’ 14

lədəgʷaš dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔads lə=dəkʷa–š PROG=inside–ICS

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

CNTRPT–at

PROX

xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad–s clam.basket–3PO

‘She is putting them in her clam basket.’ 15

ʔahiləxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔa–il=axʷ be.there–INCH=now

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback comes to be there.’ 16

luƛ’əxʷ kʷaʔ tiʔəʔ stubš luƛ’=axʷ old=now

kʷaʔ

tiʔəʔ

PTCL

PROX

stubš man

‘This man is really an adult.’ 17

kʷədad kʷəda–t taken–ICS

‘She takes him.’ 18

gʷəl dəgʷaš dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔads ʔal sukʷədatəbs ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ gʷəl SCONJ

dəkʷa–š inside–ICS

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

CNTRPT–at

PROX

s=ʔu–kʷəda–t–b=s NM=PFV–taken–ICS–PASS=3PO

ʔə PR

xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad–s ʔal clam.basket–3PO at tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ woman

‘And she puts him in her clam basket as he is taken by that woman.’ 19

ʔahəd tiʔiɬ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔa–t be.there–ICS

tiʔiɬ DIST

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘She puts the children there.’

376

20

Basket Ogress

ck’ʷaqid ləʔəƛ’ tiʔiɬ kikəwič ck’ʷaqid always

lə=ʔəƛ’

tiʔiɬ

ki–kəwič

PROG=come

DIST

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback always comes (out on top).’ 21

ləkiis dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ sxʷiʔs gʷəsgʷədils lə=kiis dxʷ–ʔal PROG=stand CNTRPT–at

tiʔiɬ

s=xʷiʔ=s

gʷə=s=gʷəd–il=s

DIST

NM=NEG=3PO

SBJ=NM=down–INCH=3PO

‘He is standing so as not to be underneath.’ 22

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔuləč’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔi tiʔəʔ kikəwič x̌ʷul’=axʷ ʔu–ləč’–il=axʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔi tiʔəʔ only=now PFV–full–INCH=now PROX children CONJ PROX ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘It fills up with children and Little Hunchback.’ 23

huy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then they go.’ 24

ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘They go.’ 25

t’uk’ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔalʔals t’uk’ʷ=axʷ go.home=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ woman

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔiɬ

CNTRPT–at

DIST

ʔalʔal–s house–3PO

‘The woman goes to her home.’ 26

t’aq’təxʷ ʔaləxʷ tiʔəʔ t’aq’tbidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷəsɬaɬliləxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ, ʔalʔalʔal t’aq’t=axʷ inland=now

ʔal=axʷ at=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

t’aq’t–bid=axʷ ʔə inland–RLNL=now PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson

377

dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil=axʷ ADNM=STAT–live=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔal–ʔalʔal DSTR–house

‘It is up inland, on the inland side of where they dwell, of their houses.’ 27

ʔux̌ʷtubəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ [dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ] t’aq’tbidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷəsɬaɬlil ʔə tiʔiʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ tul’ʔal xʷiwuʔc ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at ʔə PR

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

tiʔiɬ

t’aq’t–bid=axʷ inland–RLNL=now

DIST

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

tiʔəʔ

tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at

PROX

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

tiʔəʔ

dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil

PROX

ADNM=STAT–live

xʷiwuʔc Xwiwuts

‘The children are taken by the Basket Ogress up inland to where they live, those from Xwiwuts.’ 28

gʷəl ɬaʔ dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔalʔals gʷəl SCONJ

ɬaʔ arrive

dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

tiʔiɬ DIST

‘They come to her house.’ 29

hiˑkʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔals hikʷ big

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔalʔal–s house–3PO

‘Her house is big.’ 30

huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now

‘And then she dances.’ 31

ɬusʔəɬəds tiʔiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ɬu=sʔəɬəd–s IRR=food–3PO

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘The children will be her food.’

ʔalʔal–s house–3PO

378

32

Basket Ogress

gʷəl ʔal tiʔəʔ suʔux̌ʷs, sučubəs, dxʷscutəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=s NM=PFV–go=3PO

dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ CTD–say–DSD=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

s=ʔu–čubə=s NM=PFV–go.inland=3PO

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘Then as she goes, as she goes inland, Little Hunchback thinks,’ 33

cukʷ kʷi gʷədsaxʷəb cukʷ only

kʷi

gʷə=d=s=saxʷəb

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=jump

‘ “I could just run away.’ 34

xʷiʔ gʷəsəsaydxʷs xʷiʔ gʷə=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s NEG SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO

‘ “She won’t know it.” ’ 35

x̌ʷul’ ƛ’uləʔahil ʔə tiʔiɬ suč’itil [ʔə tiʔiɬ swətixʷtəd] x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=ʔa–il ʔə only HAB=PROG=be.there–INCH PR tiʔiɬ DIST

tiʔiɬ

s=ʔu–č’it–il

DIST

NM=PFV–near–INCH

swətixʷtəd tree

‘They are always coming close to trees.’ 36

kʷədalc tiʔəʔ kikəwič kʷəda•alc taken•limb

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback grabs on to a limb.’ 37

gʷəl kʷədalcəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

kʷəd•alc=axʷ taken•limb=now

‘And he grabs a limb.’ 38

gʷəd kʷaʔyalc gʷəd down

kʷaʔ•y•alc released•CNN•limb

‘He releases the limb.’

ʔə PR

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson

39

379

ʔuɬik’ʷ tiʔəʔ dsəsčəbaʔ ʔu–ɬik’ʷ PFV–hooked

tiʔəʔ

d=s=ʔas–čəbaʔ 1SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack

PROX

‘ “What I am carrying has gotten caught,” ’ 40

ƛ’ucut tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ƛ’u=cut HAB=say

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘Basket Ogress always says.’ 41

ʔaləxʷ tiʔəʔ sʔahilsəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬčils dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəč’uʔ swətixʷtəd ʔal=axʷ at=now

tiʔəʔ

s=ʔa–il=s=axʷ

tiʔəʔ

s=ɬčil=s

PROX

NM=be.there–INCH=3PO=now

PROX

NM=arrive=3PO

dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

tiʔəʔ

dəč’uʔ one

PROX

swətixʷtəd tree

‘When she gets to that tree,’ 42

kʷədalcəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič kʷəd•alc=axʷ taken•limb=now

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback grabs a limb.’ 43

sət’cut tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad sət’–t–sut lifted–ICS–REFL

tul’–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

CNTRFG–at

PROX

xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad clam.basket

‘He lifts himself out of the basket.’ 44

ʔaˑ gʷəl, ʔux̌ʷ ʔa

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ go

‘Oh, and she goes off.’ 45

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔuʔux̌ʷ tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ

tsiʔiɬ

PFV–go

DIST:FEM

‘The Basket Ogress just goes.’

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

380

46

Basket Ogress

huy, təlawiləxʷ huy SCONJ

təlawil=axʷ run=now

‘Then he runs.’ 47

bəlkʷaxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ q’il’bids bəlkʷ=axʷ return=now

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔiɬ

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

CNTRPT–at

DIST

q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO

‘Little Hunchback returns to his canoe.’ 48

tul’ʔahəxʷ gʷəl t’uk’ʷəxʷ dxʷʔal ʔəcəladiʔ tul’–ʔa=axʷ CNTRFG–be.there=now

gʷəl

t’uk’ʷ=axʷ go.home=now

SCONJ

dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

ʔəcəladiʔ Utsallady

‘From there he goes home to Utsallady.’ 49

gʷaagʷədəxʷ gʷaagʷəd=axʷ converse=now

‘They confer.’ 50

ʔahəxʷ kʷaʔ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now

kʷaʔ

tiʔəʔ

PTCL

PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘But there now are the children.’ 51

ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔalʔals ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

tsiʔəʔ

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

PROX:FEM

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔiɬ

CNTRPT–at

DIST

‘The Basket Ogress arrives at her house.’ 52

huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now

‘Then she dances.’ 53

hiˑkʷ ʔa tiʔiɬ bədbədaʔs, sgʷaʔs bədbədaʔs hikʷ ʔa big be.there

tiʔiɬ

bəd–bədaʔ–s

DIST

DSTR–offspring–3PO

sgʷaʔ–s one’s.own–3PO

ʔalʔal–s house–3PO

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson

381

bəd–bədaʔ–s DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘Her many children are there, her own children.’ 54

huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus huy SCONJ

dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘Then she dances.’ 55

ləʔil, ləʔil, ləʔil, ləʔil lə=ʔili PROG=sing

lə=ʔili

lə=ʔili

lə=ʔili

PROG=sing

PROG=sing

PROG=sing

‘She is singing, she is singing, she is singing, she is singing.’ 56

dsbali tiʔəʔ st’ilibs, tiʔəʔ tusyəw’ds d=s=bali 1SG.PO=NM=forget

tiʔəʔ PROX

st’ilib–s song–3PO

tiʔəʔ

tu=syəw’d–s

PROX

PAST=spirit.power–3PO

‘I forget her song, her power song.’ 57

diʔɬəxʷ kʷi scut ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’, ʔiɬluƛ’ diʔɬ=axʷ suddenly=now

kʷi

s=cut

REM

NM=say

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

ʔiɬ–luƛ’

ʔiɬ–luƛ’

PROX

PRTV–old

PRTV–old

‘Abruptly the oldest of them says,’ 58

ʔuˑ, ʔal tiʔəʔ suʔux̌ʷs [ʔal tiʔəʔ] sulabid čəɬ čɬa gʷəx̌ədəd ʔu

ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX

INTJ

čɬa 1PL.COORD

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=s ʔal NM=PFV–go=3PO at

tiʔəʔ PROX

sula–bid centred–RLNL

gʷə=x̌əd–t SBJ=push–ICS

‘ “Hey, as she goes between us and the fire we could push her’ 59

gʷəl gʷədᶻaq’ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hud gʷəl

gʷə=dᶻaq’

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

SBJ=fall

CNTRPT–at

PROX

‘ “And she might topple into the fire.” ’

hud burn

čəɬ 1PL.PO

382

60

Basket Ogress

ʔəshuyəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ ʔas–huyu=axʷ STAT–made=now

tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX

‘They are ready.’ 61

x̌ədədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ x̌əd–t=axʷ pushed–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ

tiʔəʔ

PL

PROX

‘They push her.’ 62

huy, ɬaq’əxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ hud huy SCONJ

ɬaq’a=axʷ fallen=now

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ

hud burn

PROX

‘Then, she falls into the fire.’ 63

gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ qʷiqʷiqʷɬayʔ gʷəl SCONJ

kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ

tiʔiɬ

qʷi–qʷi–qʷɬayʔ

PL

DIST

ATTN–ATTN–log

‘And they take sticks.’ 64

gʷəl ck’ʷaqidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔəsbiq’id dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hud gʷəl SCONJ

ck’ʷaqid=axʷ əlgʷəʔ always=now PL

ʔas–biq’i–t

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

STAT–pressed–ICS

CNTRPT–at

PROX

‘And they keep pressing her down into the fire.’ 65

cutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus cut=axʷ say=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘The Basket Ogress says,’ 66

kʷaxʷac ɬi gʷədskiisdubut ʔal tiʔəʔ kʷaxʷa–t–s ɬi gʷə=d=s=kiis–dxʷ–but ʔal help–ICS–1SG.OBJ 2PL.IMP SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=stand–DC–REFL at

‘ “Help me stand up in here!” ’

tiʔəʔ PROX

hud burn

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson

67

383

cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ stawixʷaʔɬ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ

stawixʷaʔɬ children

DIST

‘She is told by the children,’ 68

ləcukʷaxʷad čəɬ ti dəgʷi ləcu–kʷaxʷa–t CONT–help–ICS

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ti SPEC

dəgʷi you

‘ “We are helping you.’ 69

gʷəl hiqəb čəxʷ x̌əb gʷəl SCONJ

hiqəb čəxʷ excessively 2SG.SUB

x̌əb heavy

‘ “And you are too heavy.” ’ 70

kʷaʔ x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ ləcubiq’id dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hud kʷaʔ PTCL

x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əlgʷəʔ

ləcu–biq’i–t

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

PL

CONT–pressed–ICS

CNTRPT–at

PROX

hud burn

‘However, they just press her into the fire.’ 71

ʔaˑ gʷəl, ʔatəbəd tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ʔa

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

ʔatəbəd die

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘Oh, and the Basket Ogress dies.’ 72

diɬəxʷ dəxʷt’uk’ʷəxʷ ʔə tiʔiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷʔal xʷiwuʔc diɬ=axʷ dəxʷ=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ ʔə tiʔ–iʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷ–ʔal xʷiwuʔc FOC=now ADNM=go.home=now PR PL–PROX children CNTRPT–at Xwiwuts

‘That is how the children get home to Xwiwuts.’ 73

ʔaˑ, x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔa ʔa INTJ

x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ʔa be.there

‘Ah, it seems there is this.’

384

74

Basket Ogress

gʷəl ʔəƛ’axʷ tiʔiɬ kikiʔalus gʷəl SCONJ

ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now

tiʔiɬ

kikiʔalus Kikialus

DIST

‘And those from Kikiallus come.’ 75

gʷəl ʔəy’dxʷaxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bədbədaʔs əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔəy’–dxʷ=axʷ find–DC=now

əlgʷəʔ

tiʔəʔ

bəd–bədaʔ–s

əlgʷəʔ

PL

PROX

DSTR–offspring–3PO

PL

‘And they find their children.’ 76

ʔəƛ’tub ʔə tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔəƛ’–txʷ–b come–ECS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘They are brought by Little Hunchback.’ 77

ʔuˑ, ʔal tiʔiɬ sdᶻixʷs ʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ kikəwič tuq’il ʔal tiʔiɬ q’il’bids ʔu

ʔal tiʔiɬ s=dᶻixʷ=s ʔux̌ʷ ʔə at DIST NM=first=3PO go PR

INTJ

tu=q’ili PAST=aboard

ʔal at

tiʔiɬ DIST

tiʔiɬ

ki–kəwič

DIST

ATTN–hunchback

q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO

‘Well, before, when Little Hunchback went, he was aboard his canoe.’ 78

ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘Basket Ogress arrives.’ 79

kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

‘She takes boulders.’ 80

gʷəl pusudəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič gʷəl SCONJ

pusu–t=axʷ thrown–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘And she throws them at Little Hunchback.’

ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson

81

385

diɬəxʷ dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ sbababadil, dəxʷʔahəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ town of La Conner diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

dəxʷ=ʔa

ʔə PR

ADNM=be.there

dəxʷ=ʔa=axʷ ADNM=be.there=now

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

sba–ba–badil

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–mountain

tiʔəʔ

town town

PROX

of of

La.Conner La.Conner

‘That’s why there are so many little mountains, why there is a town of La Conner.’ 82

ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ McGlenn Island, hay’qi[d] ʔux̌ʷ go

tiʔəʔ PROX

McGlenn McGlenn

Island Island

hay’qid hay’qid

‘That goes for McGlenn Island, and hay’qid.’2 83

diɬ tudəxʷupusutəbs ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ kikəwič diɬ

tu=dəxʷ=ʔu–pusu–t–b=s

FOC

PAST=ADNM=PFV–thrown–ICS–PASS=3PO

tiʔəʔ

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

PROX

‘It is because Little Hunchback had boulders thrown at him by the Basket Ogress.’ 84

ck’ʷaqid lətəlčbid tiʔəʔ ck’ʷaqid always

lə=təlč–bi–t

tiʔəʔ

PROG=miss–MAP–ICS

PROX

‘She is always missing him.’ 85

diɬ šac’ ʔə tiʔəʔ syəyəhub diɬ

s=šac’

FOC

NM=finish

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

syəyəhub legend

‘That is the end of this story.’ 86

haʔɬ syəyəhub haʔɬ good

syəyəhub legend

VH: ‘It’s a good story.’ 2

hay’qid is the name of an unidentified mountain near McGlenn Island.

7 Dewey Mitchell c. 1898–1981

Dewey Mitchell in 1977. Photo courtesy of the Mitchell family.

Dewey Mitchell (c. 1898-1981) was born in the Upper Skagit watershed to Charlie Mitchell and Julia Sious. Following his mother’s death in 1904, he was raised on the Tulalip Reservation, where he attended the Tulalip Boarding School. In 1921 he married Winifred Fryberg of Tulalip and in 1933 they moved to the Swinomish Reservation, where their three children were raised. Dewey was a prominent person in the Swinomish community, respected as a carrier of tradition and frequently called upon to speak at funerals and gatherings because of his wisdom. He served his community as a member of the Swinomish Tribal Senate from 1936 to 1981 and as the Swinomish Tribal Chairman from 1962 to 1971. In 1966 Mitchell became the Swinomish Home Visitor, a role he held until his death, daily ensuring that tribal children attended school on a regular

388

Chapter 7

basis. He frequently helped his cousin,Vi Hilbert,1 with transcriptions and translations of other people’s stories but recorded material of his own only after some coaxing. The results were the Basket Ogress legend found in this volume, an account of the Naming Ceremony, and an hour-long lesson on the Lushootseed concept of x̌əč, the intellect or mind. – Theresa L. Trebon Records Manager – Tribal Archivist Swinomish Indian Tribal Community

1

Census records indicate that Mitchell was distantly related, if at all, to Vi Hilbert. Dewey’s mother died when he was a child and his father apparently then married, or lived with, Annie Meigs, the sister of Charlie Anderson, who was Vi Hilbert’s stepfather.

Dewey Mitchell

389

Basket Ogress

as told by Dewey Mitchell2

1

ʔuˑ, həbuʔ ʔu

həbuʔ haboo

INTJ

‘Oh, haboo,’ 2

gʷəl tasɬaɬlil tiʔiɬ kikəwič gʷəl

tu=ʔas–ɬaɬlil

SCONJ

PAST=STAT–live

tiʔiɬ ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

DIST

‘And Little Hunchback dwelled there.’ 3

qəldub gʷəxʷiʔəs kʷi suʔukʷukʷs ɬuɬax̌iləxʷəs qəl–dxʷ–b bad–DC–PASS

gʷə=xʷiʔ=as

kʷi

s=ʔu–ʔukʷukʷ=s

SBJ=NEG=3SBRD

REM

NM=PFV–play=3PO

ɬu=ɬax̌–il=axʷ=as IRR=dark–INCH=now=3SBRD

‘He is told not to play when it gets dark.’ 4

x̌ʷul’ ʔiɬdᶻak’ʷadiʔəd tiʔəʔ suq’ʷsuq’ʷaʔs, tiʔəʔ ʔalalšs x̌ʷul’ only

ʔiɬ–dᶻak’ʷadiʔ–t

tiʔəʔ

suq’ʷ–suq’ʷaʔ–s

tiʔəʔ

PRTV–invite–ICS

PROX

DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO

PROX

ʔal–alš–s PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘Only, he invites his younger brothers and his siblings.’ 5

huy ƛ’uʔukʷukʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

ƛ’u=ʔukʷukʷ=axʷ HAB=play=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They always play.’

2

Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 16 August 1979, at Swinomish with Dewey Mitchell, a speaker of the Swinomish dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.

390

6

Basket Ogress

gʷəʔəx̌idəxʷ čələp gʷəɬčisəbaləp ʔə kʷsi ʔax̌ʷadus gʷə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ čələp SBJ=what.happen=now 2PL.SUB

gʷə=ɬčil–s–b=aləp SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS=2PL.SBRD

ʔə kʷsi PR REM:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘ “What would happen to you guys if you were come upon by the Basket Ogress?” ’ 7

x̌ʷul’ ƛ’učəɬ liʔlil tiʔiɬ x̌ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=čəɬ

liʔ–lil

tiʔiɬ

HAB=make

ATTN–far

DIST

‘They always just ignore it.’ 8

ʔaˑ huy čagʷcəbəxʷ ʔa

huy

INTJ

SCONJ

čaʔkʷ–c–b=axʷ seaward–ALTV–PASS=now

‘And then, they are come upon on the shore.’ 9

čagʷcəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ čaʔkʷ–c–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ seaward–ALTV–PASS=now PROX

diʔəʔ here

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘The children are come upon by the shore.’ 10

qaha ləcuʔukʷukʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔilgʷiɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ stuləkʷ qah–a ləcu–ʔukʷukʷ INTNS–many CONT–play

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔə here

ʔil•gʷiɬ side•waterway

stuləkʷ river

‘Many are playing on the riverbank.’ 11

čagʷcəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus čaʔkʷ–c–b=axʷ seaward–ALTV–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘They are come upon by Basket Ogress.’

diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus here Basket.Ogress

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

Dewey Mitchell

12

391

huˑy, q’putəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

q’pu–t–b=axʷ gathered–ICS–PASS=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They are gathered up.’ 13

dəgʷatəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəkʷa–t–b inside–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

‘They are put inside by her.’ 14

ƛ’iq’ƛ’iq’alustəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ qʷaliɬ ƛ’iq’–ƛ’iq’•alus–t–b DSTR–sticky•eye–ICS–PASS

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

diʔəʔ here

PROX

qʷaliɬ pitch

‘Their eyes are stuck shut with pitch.’ 15

dəxʷiʔs kʷi ɬušuɬalbuts əlgʷəʔ dxʷčad kʷi ɬusʔux̌ʷtubs əlgʷəʔ dəxʷ=xʷiʔ=s ADNM=NEG=3PO

kʷi

ɬu=s=šuɬalbut=s

əlgʷəʔ

dxʷ–čad

REM

IRR=NM=able.to.see=3PO

PL

CNTRPT–where

kʷi

ɬu=s=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=s

əlgʷəʔ

REM

IRR=NM=go–ECS–PASS=3PO

PL

‘That is so they could not see where they are being taken.’ 16

yəx̌i ƛ’utusuʔəɬəd ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ yəx̌i ƛ’u=tu=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ because HAB=PAST=NM=PFV–feed.on PR PROX:FEM Basket.Ogress PROX stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘Because children are what the Basket Ogress eats.’ 17

yaʔɬ ləcuyəcəbtub ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔiišəds əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ yaʔɬ ləcu–yəc–b–txʷ–b ʔə unable CONT–report–MD–ECS–PASS PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔiišəd–s əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ relatives–3PO PL PROX

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘In vain the children are being told by their relatives.’

392

18

Basket Ogress

tux̌ʷ ƛ’asqʷacdxʷ tux̌ʷ ƛ’u=ʔas–qʷacdxʷ just HAB=STAT–doubt

‘They always just doubt it.’ 19

ʔaˑ ʔa ti kikəwič ʔa

ʔa be.there

INTJ

tiʔəʔ PROX

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘There is Little Hunchback.’ 20

huˑy, dᶻəgʷaʔcut huy SCONJ

dᶻəgʷaʔ–t–sut expert–ICS–REFL

‘Then he ably sets about (getting himself out of this fix).’ 21

ləhiqil dxʷʔaˑl šqalicuts ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hikʷ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔads ʔəsčəbaʔtəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ lə=hiq–il dxʷ–ʔal s=šq•ali–t–sut=s PROG=pushed–INCH CNTRPT–at NM=high•container–ICS–REFL=3PO diʔəʔ here

hikʷ big

xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad–s clam.basket–3PO

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

ʔas–čəbaʔ–t–b STAT–backpack–ICS–PASS

ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX ʔə PR

diʔəʔ here

‘He works his way up to the top of the big clam basket being carried by her.’ 22

ƛ’up’ip’aʔcut ƛ’u=p’i–p’aʔ–t–sut HAB=ATTN–try–ICS–REFL

‘He keeps trying.’ 23

diʔɬ kʷi ɬuskʷədads tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, stəb, swətixʷtəd tiʔəʔ dəxʷušulutəbs əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sučəbaʔs diʔɬ kʷi suddenly REM tiʔəʔ PROX

ɬu=s=kʷəda–t=s

tiʔəʔ

IRR=NM=taken–ICS=3PO

PROX

dəxʷ=ʔu–šulu–t–b=s ADNM=PFV–go.under–ICS–PASS=3PO

diʔəʔ stəb swətixʷtəd here what tree əlgʷəʔ

tiʔəʔ

PL

PROX

Dewey Mitchell

393

s=ʔu–čəbaʔ=s NM=PFV–backpack=3PO

‘Abruptly, he takes hold of trees when they are crawled beneath by she who carries them (the children) on her back.’ 24

xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’usx̌iʔdubs ʔə tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ ləsčəbaʔ xʷiʔ

gʷə=ƛ’u=s=x̌iʔ–dxʷ–b=s

NEG

SBJ=HAB=NM=catch.on–DC–PASS=3PO

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

cədiɬ s/he

ləs–čəbaʔ PROG.STAT–backpack

‘She who’s backpacking them doesn’t catch on.’ 25

huy, ƛ’iqdubutəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kikəwič huy SCONJ

ƛ’iqi–dxʷ–but=axʷ emerge–DC–REFL=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback manages to get out.’ 26

ƛ’iqdubutəxʷ ƛ’iqi–dxʷ–but=axʷ emerge–DC–REFL=now

‘He manages to get out.’ 27

gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsuƛ’iq’ƛ’iq’alustəbs gʷəl

xʷiʔ

SCONJ

NEG

gʷə=s=ʔu–ƛ’iq’–ƛ’iq’•alus–t–b=s SBJ=NM=PFV–DSTR–sticky•eye–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘His eyes hadn’t been glued shut.’ 28

yəx̌i diɬ tiʔəʔ səskikəwičs tiʔiɬ dəxʷəsʔušəbitəbs yəx̌i because

diɬ FOC

tiʔəʔ s=ʔas–ki–kəwič=s NM=STAT–ATTN–hunchback=3PO

PROX

tiʔiɬ DIST

dəxʷ=ʔas–ʔušəb–bi–t–b=s ADNM=STAT–pity–MAP–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘Because he is a little hunchback, he was taken pity on.’ 29

huy, saxʷəbəxʷ huy SCONJ

saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now

‘Then he jumps.’

394

30

Basket Ogress

saxʷəbəxʷ dxʷčaʔkʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ q’il’bids saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now

dxʷ–čaʔkʷ CNTRPT–seaward

dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə CNTRPT–at PROX ADNM=be.there PR

q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO

‘He runs down to the shore where their canoe is.’ 31

ʔaˑ gʷəl, gʷəhaytubəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tsi ʔax̌ʷadus ʔa

gʷəl

gʷə=hay–txʷ–b=axʷ

INTJ

SCONJ

SBJ=known–ECS–PASS=now

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ tsi here SPEC:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘Then it is noticed by this one, the Basket Ogress.’ 32

ʔuˑ, diič’uʔ əw’ə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔugʷəx̌dubut dᶻəɬ ʔu INTJ

diič’uʔ əw’ə tiʔəʔ one:HMN PTCL PROX

diʔəʔ ʔu–gʷəx̌a–dxʷ–but dᶻəɬ here PFV–untied–DC–REFL PTCL

‘ “Oh, one of them must have gotten loose!” ’ 33

huy, k’ʷit’əxʷ huy SCONJ

k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now

‘She goes down to the shore.’ 34

huy, k’ʷit’əxʷ huy SCONJ

k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now

‘She goes down to the shore.’ 35

čaladəxʷ čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now

‘She chases him.’ 36

čaladəxʷ čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now

‘She chases him.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

Dewey Mitchell

37

395

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔušudub tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔal tiʔəʔ suʔišɬs x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ–b

tiʔəʔ

ki–kəwič

PFV–see–DC–PASS

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

s=ʔu–ʔišɬ=s NM=PFV–paddle=3PO

‘Little Hunchback is seen as he paddles [away].’ 38

huy, puspusutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hikʷ sɬadəyʔ, ʔax̌ʷadus huy SCONJ

pus–pusu–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hikʷ sɬadəyʔ DSTR–thrown–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX here big woman

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘Well then, he is thrown at and thrown at by the big woman, the Basket Ogress.’ 39

xʷiˑʔ gʷəspusdubs tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kikəwič xʷiʔ gʷə=s=pusu–dxʷ–b=s NEG SBJ=NM=thrown–DC–PASS=3PO

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘Little Hunchback isn’t hit.’ 40

gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ, gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ, gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl go SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl go SCONJ

‘And he goes and goes and goes.’ 41

ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl ləčagʷil ʔux̌ʷ go

gʷəl SCONJ

lə=čaʔkʷ–il PROG=seaward–INCH

‘He goes out to sea.’ 42

huy, dxʷx̌ʷal’igʷədəxʷ huy SCONJ

dxʷ–x̌ʷal’•igʷəd=axʷ CTD–fail•inside.body=now

‘Then she gives up.’

ʔux̌ʷ go

diʔəʔ here

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

396

43

Basket Ogress

dxʷx̌ʷal’igʷədəxʷ tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷ–x̌ʷal’•igʷəd=axʷ tsiʔiɬ CTD–fail•inside.body=now DIST:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘Basket Ogress gives up.’ 44

gʷəl lax̌dxʷ tiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ tuɬəgʷɬ ʔəxʷƛ’iq’ƛ’iq’alus ʔal kʷədiʔ t’aq’t dəxʷəshudčups gʷəl

lax̌–dxʷ tiʔiɬ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ tu=ɬəgʷɬ ʔas–dxʷ–ƛ’iq’–ƛ’iq’•alus remember–DC DIST PL–woman PAST=leave STAT–CTD–DSTR–sticky•eye

SCONJ

ʔal at

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

t’aq’t inland

dəxʷ=ʔas–hud•čup=s ADNM=STAT–burn•fire=3PO

‘Then the woman remembers the girls she has left inland with their eyes stuck shut for whom she has made a fire (to cook).’ 45

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ič’ič’ƛ’aʔ ʔəšudxʷəxʷ čələp ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔilucid ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ č’i–č’i–č’ƛ’aʔ ʔas–šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ čələp ʔal tiʔəʔ here ATTN–ATTN–stone STAT–see–DC=now 2PL.SUB at PROX

swatixʷtəd ʔil•ucid ʔə tiʔəʔ land side•mouth PR PROX

diʔəʔ gʷəɬ here ASSC

sqaǰət Skagit

diʔəʔ here

stuləkʷ river

‘These little stones you can see in the land here around the mouth of the Skagit River.’ 46

diɬ ƛ’ucutəb diɬ

ƛ’u=cut–t–b

FOC

HAB=say–ICS–PASS

‘That is what they say.’ 47

diɬ tudəxʷupuspusutəbs tiʔiɬ kikəwič ʔə tsiʔiɬ tuʔax̌ʷadus diɬ

tu=dəxʷ=ʔu–pus–pusu–t–b=s

FOC

PAST=ADNM=PFV–DSTR–thrown–ICS–PASS=3PO

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

tiʔiɬ ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

DIST

tu=ʔax̌ʷadus PAST=Basket.Ogress

‘They are what was thrown at Little Hunchback by Basket Ogress.’

ʔə PR

Dewey Mitchell

48

397

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ƛ’udaʔatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ pastəd ʔə kʷi little islands x̌ʷul’=axʷ ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b ʔə tiʔəʔ pastəd ʔə kʷi only=now HAB=named–ICS–PASS PR PROX white.person PR REM little islands little islands

‘They are just called little islands by the white people.’ 49

x̌ʷul’ č’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷul’ č’ƛ’aʔ only stone

‘They are just rocks.’ 50

čubəhəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čubə=axʷ tsiʔəʔ go.inland=now PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

‘Now she goes inland.’ 51

gʷəl huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now

‘And then she dances.’ 52

dᶻubalikʷəxʷ dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now

‘She dances.’ 53

ləcuʔil ləcu–ʔili CONT–sing

‘She sings.’ 54

ləcuʔil ləcu–ʔili CONT–sing

‘She sings.’

398

55

Basket Ogress

ləcuʔiləɬ sqəlalitut ləcu–ʔili–aɬ CONT–sing–INCRP

sqəlalitut spirit.power

‘She sings her spirit power song.’ 56

ʔu, ləcuʔəx̌id ʔu

ləcu–ʔəx̌id CONT–what.happen

INTJ

‘Or whatever it was.’ 57

xʷiʔ gʷədsəsaydxʷ ʔəsčal tiʔiɬ suʔils xʷiʔ

gʷə=d=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ

ʔas–čal

NEG

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC

STAT–how

tiʔiɬ s=ʔu–ʔili=s NM=PFV–sing=3PO

DIST

‘I don’t know what she was singing.’ 58

gʷəl tusəgʷqtagʷəl tiʔəʔ cədiɬ tasčəbaʔtəb, ʔəsqiq’tub gʷəl

tu=səgʷq–t–agʷəl

tiʔəʔ

SCONJ

PAST=whisper–ICS–RCP

PROX

cədiɬ s/he

tu=ʔas–čəbaʔ–t–b PAST=STAT–backpack–ICS–PASS

ʔas–qiq’–txʷ–b STAT–confined–ECS–PASS

‘Those that had been carried and confined whispered to each other.’ 59

x̌ʷul’ ɬuč’itil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hud ɬudᶻubalikʷəs čɬa ɬux̌ədəd x̌ʷul’ only

ɬu=č’it–il

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

IRR=near–INCH

CNTRPT–at

PROX

čɬa 1PL.COORD

diʔəʔ hud ɬu=dᶻub–alikʷ=as here burn IRR=kick–act=3SBRD

ɬu=x̌əd–t IRR=push–ICS

‘ “She will draw near the fire when she dances and we will push her.’ 60

bək’ʷək’ʷ čəɬ ɬux̌ədəd čɬa ɬuhudabacəd tsə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ bək’ʷ–ək’ʷ čəɬ INTNS–all 1PL.SUB tsə

xʷiʔ

NSPEC:FEM

NEG

ɬu=x̌əd–t IRR=push–ICS

čɬa ɬu=hud•abac–t 1PL.COORD IRR=burn•body–ICS

lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

‘ “We will all push her and burn up the body of that no-good so-and-so.’

Dewey Mitchell

61

399

ʔuˑ, təɬ x̌ʷuʔələʔ ʔu

təɬ truly

INTJ

x̌ʷuʔələʔ maybe

‘ “Oh, maybe that will work!” ’ 62

ʔaˑ čaʔčəlal’ ʔa

čaʔčəlal’ almost.caught

INTJ

‘Oh, they almost got caught.’ 63

gʷəkʷədub tiʔiɬ x̌iʔdubəs ʔə tsiʔiɬə gʷə=kʷəda–dxʷ–b SBJ=taken–DC–PASS

tiʔiɬ DIST

x̌iʔ–dxʷ–b=as catch.on–DC–PASS=3SBRD

ʔə PR

tsiʔiɬə DIST:FEM

‘And those that are caught on to by her would have been grabbed.’ 64

gʷəl ʔalil tiʔiɬ bəsudᶻəlulč ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ lədᶻubalikʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal–il tiʔiɬ bə=s=ʔu–dᶻəl•ulč ʔə tsiʔəʔ at–INCH DIST ADD=NM=PFV–turn•belly PR PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

lə=dᶻub–alikʷ PROG=kick–act

‘And when she who is dancing turns her back again.’ 65

huy, x̌ədtəbaxʷ huy SCONJ

x̌əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then she is pushed.’ 66

x̌ʷul’ bəsk’ʷəq tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌ʷul’ bə=ʔas–k’ʷəq tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ʔal tiʔəʔ only ADD=STAT–fall.backwards PROX:FEM here Basket.Ogress at PROX diʔəʔ here

‘And the Basket Ogress falls onto her back right there.’

400

67

Basket Ogress

putəxʷ dxʷsəd tiʔəʔ č’ič’ič’ƛ’aʔ səshudčupyids 3 put=axʷ really=now

dxʷs–həd

tiʔəʔ

č’i–č’i–č’ƛ’aʔ

CTD–warm

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–stone

s=ʔas–hud•čup–yi–t=s NM=STAT–burn•fire–DAT–ICS=3PO

‘The stones she has put in the fire for them are very hot.’ 68

huˑy, ləʔaliləxʷ tiʔiɬ sulabid ʔə tiʔacəc stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ

lə=ʔal–il=axʷ PROG=at–INCH=now

tiʔiɬ sula–bid DIST centred–RLNL

ʔə PR

tiʔacəc UNQ

stawixʷaʔɬ children

‘The moment comes when she is between the children and the fire.’ 69

huy huy SCONJ

‘Then ...,’ 70

huy, ʔuxʷəbid ʔə hud huy SCONJ

ʔu–xʷəb–bi–d PFV–throw–MAP–ICS

ʔə PR

hud fire

‘Then, they throw her towards the fire.’ 71

gʷəl x̌ədəd tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus gʷəl SCONJ

x̌əd–t tsiʔiɬ pushed–ICS DIST:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘And they push the Basket Ogress.’ 72

x̌ʷuˑl’ bəsk’ʷəq ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ič’ič’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷul’ only

bə=ʔas–k’ʷəq ADD=STAT–fall.backwards

ʔal at

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ č’i–č’i–č’ƛ’aʔ here ATTN–ATTN–stone

‘Then she just falls backwards onto the stones.’ 73

puˑtəxʷ put=axʷ really=now

‘Just so.’ 3

At this point, the tape runs out and the story is interrupted as the cassette is turned over.

Dewey Mitchell

74

401

ʔaˑ gʷəl dəbaxʷ t[s]iʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus t[s]iʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔəsʔatəbəd ʔa

gʷəl

INTJ

SCONJ

dəb=axʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ instead=now PROX:FEM Basket.Ogress PROX:FEM here

ʔas–ʔatəbəd STAT–die

‘Oh, and now instead it is Basket Ogress who is the dead one.’ 75

tushuydubs 4 tu=s=huy–dxʷ=s PAST=NM=done–DC=3PO

‘It was what they managed to do.’ 76

taxʷčəɬəb sʔəɬəd ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ tasčəbaʔəd tul’ʔal tudiʔ čaʔkʷ tu=ʔas–dxʷ–čəɬ–ab sʔəɬəd ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ PAST=STAT–CTD–make–DSD food PR PROX here children tu=ʔas–čəbaʔ–t

tul’–ʔal

tudiʔ

PAST=STAT–backpack–ICS

CNTRFG–at

DIST.DMA

čaʔkʷ seaward

‘She wanted to make food of the children she had carried up from the water.’ 77

huˑy, saʔsaxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ

saʔ–saxʷəb=axʷ ATTN–jump=now

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ PROX here children

‘Then the children run away.’ 78

t’uk’ʷt’uk’ʷəxʷ t’uk’ʷ–t’uk’ʷ=axʷ DSTR–go.home=now

‘They go home.’ 79

wiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔiišəds wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔiišəd–s ask–ICS–PASS=now PR DIST relatives–3PO

‘They are asked by their relatives,’

4

The transcription and gloss of this line are uncertain.

402

80

Basket Ogress

ʔuʔəx̌id čələp? ʔuʔəx̌id ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen

čələp ʔu–ʔəx̌id 2PL.SUB PFV–what.happen

‘ “What happened to you? What happened?” ’ 81

ʔuˑ, ʔugʷəlaldxʷ čəɬ tsiʔiɬ xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔax̌ʷadus tast’q’abitubuɬ ʔal tudiʔ t’aq’t ʔu

ʔu–gʷəlal–dxʷ čəɬ tsiʔiɬ PFV–harmed–DC 1PL.SUB DIST:FEM

INTJ

tu=ʔas–t’q’a–bi–t–ubuɬ PAST=STAT–patch–MAP–ICS–1PL.OBJ

xʷiʔ NEG

ʔal at

lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good

tudiʔ DIST.DMA

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

t’aq’t inland

‘ “Oh, we managed to kill that no-good Basket Ogress who patched up our eyes up there inland.” ’ 82

ʔuʔəx̌id kʷi kikəwič ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen

kʷi REM

ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback

‘ “What happened to Little Hunchback?” ’ 83

ʔuˑ, ƛ’al’ busaxʷəbdubut tiʔiɬ kikəwič ʔu INTJ

ƛ’al’ also

bə=ʔu–saxʷəb–dxʷ–but

tiʔiɬ

ki–kəwič

ADD=PFV–jump–DC–REFL

DIST

ATTN–hunchback

‘ “Oh, Little Hunchback also managed to flee.” ’ 84

čadəxʷ ʔal kʷədiʔ čaʔkʷ kʷədiʔ sʔas čad=axʷ ʔal where=now at

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

čaʔkʷ seaward

kʷədiʔ

s=ʔa=s

REM.DMA

NM=be.there=3PO

‘ “Where on the water is he?” ’ 85

ləpuspusutəb lə=pus–pusu–t–b PROG=DSTR–thrown–ICS–PASS

‘ “He was being thrown at.’ 86

gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəspusdubs gʷəl

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=pusu–dxʷ–b=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=NM=thrown–DC–PASS=3PO

‘ “And she didn’t manage to hit him.’

Dewey Mitchell

87

403

xʷuʔələʔ həliʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ čad kʷi dəxʷʔas xʷuʔələʔ maybe

həliʔ ʔal alive at

kʷədiʔ REM.DMA

čad where

kʷi

dəxʷ=ʔa=s

REM

ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘ “He must be alive wherever he is.” ’ 88

xʷuʔələʔ čələp ɬasləqaxʷ ʔal kʷi ɬudxʷlaqəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷuʔələʔ maybe tiʔəʔ PROX

čələp ɬu=ʔas–ləq=axʷ ʔal kʷi ɬu=dxʷlaq=axʷ ʔə 2PL.SUB IRR=STAT–listen=now at REM IRR=have.children=now PR diʔəʔ here

‘ “Perhaps you guys will listen to (your) parents now.’ 89

x̌ʷul’əxʷ čələp ɬuqəldub ʔə tə ʔiišədləp čələpa ɬuhədhədʔiw’b ɬulət’ugʷəbəs x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

čələp ɬu=qəl–dxʷ–b 2PL.SUB IRR=bad–DC–PASS

čələpa ɬu=həd–hədʔiw’–b 2PL.COORD IRR=DSTR–indoors–MD

ʔə tə ʔiišəd–lap PR NSPEC relatives–2PL.PO ɬu=lə=t’ugʷəb=as IRR=PROG=nightfall=3SBRD

‘ “You guys will just be stopped by your relatives and you’ll go inside when it is getting dark.” ’ 90

diɬ shuy ʔə tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus diɬ

s=huyu

FOC

NM=made

ʔə tsiʔiɬ PR DIST:FEM

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

‘That is the end of the Basket Ogress.’

8 Alice Williams c. 1907–96

Alice Williams and Vi Hilbert, with Vi wearing a cedar bark dress Alice made for her. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.

Alice Williams was born on 16 June 1907, and lived on the Upper Skagit reservation near the town of Cedro Wooley with her husband, George Williams. Together they had nine children, but only three lived to adulthood; all of her surviving children became prominent members of the Upper Skagit community. She was well known for her knowledge of Lushootseed cultural traditions, and was one of the last Elders who remembered the art of weaving baskets and clothing from cedar bark and roots. She is reported to have learned many of her stories from Interior Salish people, including possibly a woman named Nespelem on the Colville reservation. Biographical material drawn from Hilbert 1985 and an interview with Vi Hilbert by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).

406

Basket Ogress

Basket Ogress

as told by Alice Williams1

1

tasɬaɬlil tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stubš ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas ʔi tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stutubš tu=ʔas–ɬaɬlil tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stubš ʔi tsiʔəʔ PAST=STAT–live PROX here man CONJ PROX:FEM tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

diʔəʔ čəgʷas–s here wife–3PO

ʔi CONJ

stu–tubš ATTN–man

‘A man and his wife lived there with their son.’ 2

gʷəl tuɬəgʷəlb əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sč’istxʷs gʷəl

tu=ɬəgʷɬ–b

SCONJ

PAST=leave–PASS

əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR

PL

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

sč’istxʷ–s husband–3PO

‘And they were left by their husband.’ 3

diɬəxʷ tusyəyəhub ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tuluƛ’ tusgʷagʷətubš, tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ syəyəhub ɬuləqdxʷ čələp diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

tu=syəyəhub PAST=legend

ʔə PR

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

tu=s=gʷa–gʷəd–txʷ–bš=s

tiʔəʔ

PAST=NM=ATTN–talk–ECS–1SG.OBJ=3PO

PROX

ɬu=ləq–dxʷ IRR=listen–DC

tu=luƛ’ PAST=old diʔəʔ syəyəhub here legend

čələp 2PL.SUB

‘This is a story about this old woman which was told to me, a traditional story that you guys will hear now.’ 4

cuuc tsiʔiɬə čəgʷas cut–c say–ALTV

tsiʔiɬə DIST:FEM

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘He says to his wife,’ 5

xʷiˑʔ kʷi sʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ xʷiʔ

kʷi

s=ʔux̌ʷ=lap

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

NEG

REM

NM=go=2PL.PO

CNTRPT–at

PROX

diʔəʔ here

haʔɬ good

šəgʷɬ path

‘ “Don’t go on that good road!’ 1

Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 31 August 1984, with Alice Williams, a speaker of the Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.

Alice Williams

6

407

ʔəsʔiq’ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ šəgʷɬ ʔas–ʔiq’ʷ STAT–swept

tiʔəʔ

diʔəʔ here

PROX

šəgʷɬ path

‘ “The path is clear.’ 7

xʷiʔ kʷi sʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔa xʷiʔ

kʷi

s=ʔux̌ʷ=lap

dxʷ–ʔa

NEG

REM

NM=go=2PL.PO

CNTRPT–be.there

‘ “Don’t go there!” ’ 8

xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’usuyəcəbs ʔəsʔəx̌id tiʔəʔ šəgʷɬ tiʔiɬə dəxʷaʔɬs xʷiʔ

gʷə=ƛ’u=s=ʔu–yəc–b=s

NEG

SBJ=HAB=NM=PFV–report–MD=3PO

ʔas–ʔəx̌id STAT–what.happen

tiʔəʔ šəgʷɬ path

PROX

tiʔiɬə dəxʷ=haʔɬ=s DIST ADNM=good=3PO

‘He would never say what happens on the road where it is good.’ 9

x̌ʷul’ ƛ’ucuuc tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=cut–c tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas–s only HAB=say–ALTV PROX:FEM here wife–3PO

‘He would just say this to his wife.’ 10

xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ, ʔəsʔiq’ʷ šəgʷɬ xʷiʔ

kʷi

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=lap

dxʷ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

NEG

REM

NM=PFV–go=2PL.PO

CNTRPT–at

PROX

ʔas–ʔiq’ʷ STAT–swept

šəgʷɬ path

‘ “Do not go on the good, clear path!’ 11

xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔa xʷiʔ

kʷi

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=lap

dxʷ–ʔa

NEG

REM

NM=PFV–go=2PL.PO

CNTRPT–be.there

‘ “Don’t you guys go there!” ’ 12

ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘He goes now.’

diʔəʔ here

haʔɬ good

šəgʷɬ path

408

13

Basket Ogress

ɬəgʷɬaxʷ tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas ʔi tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as ɬəgʷɬ=axʷ leave=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

ʔi

tiʔəʔ

CONJ

PROX

diʔəʔ here

č’ač’as child

‘He leaves his wife and child.’ 14

tukʷaʔəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas tu=kʷaʔ=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=left.alone=now PROX

diʔəʔ here

čəgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘His wife is left alone.’ 15

ʔux̌ʷəxʷ yayusəxʷ dxʷʔal kʷədiʔ tusʔux̌ʷs ɬudəxʷyayus ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ yayus=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal kʷədiʔ tu=s=ʔux̌ʷ=s go=now work=now CNTRPT–at REM.DMA PAST=NM=go=3PO ɬu=dəxʷ=yayus=s IRR=ADNM=work=3PO

‘He works over there where he goes to work.’ 16

huy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stutubš ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuys, əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

stu–tubš

ʔi

tsiʔəʔ

ATTN–man

CONJ

PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ here

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Then the little boy and his mother go.’ 17

ʔuxʷəɬiləxʷ əlgʷəʔ sʔəɬəd ʔu–xʷəɬ–il=axʷ əlgʷəʔ PFV–lack–INCH=now PL

sʔəɬəd food

‘They had run out of food.’ 18

gʷəč’əbaxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə kʷi sʔəɬəd, stab sq’ʷəlaɬəd gʷəč’–b=axʷ search–CSMD=now

əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR

PL

kʷi REM

‘They look for food, some kind of berry.’ 19

huy, gʷax̌ʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

gʷax̌ʷ=axʷ walk=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Then they wander around.’

sʔəɬəd food

stab what

sq’ʷəlaɬəd berry

Alice Williams

20

409

ʔacac tiʔəʔ stab dəxʷux̌iq’ids tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔal tiʔiɬə sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔacac right.there

tiʔəʔ PROX

stab what

sq’ədᶻuʔ–s ʔal at hair–3PO

dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌iq’i–t=s

tiʔəʔ

ADNM=PFV–scratch–ICS=3PO

PROX

tiʔiɬə DIST

diʔəʔ here

sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO

‘There is this thing she used to scratch her hair, in her hair.’ 21

buus tiʔiɬə ʔatxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬə sq’ədᶻuʔs dəxʷux̌iq’ačəbs buus four

tiʔiɬə

ʔa–txʷ be.there–ECS

DIST

ʔal at

tiʔiɬə DIST

sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO

dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌iq’•ač–b=s ADNM=PFV–scratch•head–MD=3PO

‘Four of these which she uses to scratch her head she had there in her hair.’ 22

ʔa kʷi sʔatxʷs ʔal tiʔiɬə sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔa be.there

kʷi

s=ʔa–txʷ=s

REM

NM=be.there–ECS=3PO

ʔal tiʔiɬə at DIST

sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO

‘There she has them in her hair.’ 23

xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’uslilds xʷiʔ

gʷə=ƛ’u=s=lil–t=s

NEG

SBJ=HAB=NM=far–ICS=3PO

‘She never removes them.’ 24

huy ʔibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘Then they go on.’ 25

ɬčiləxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ saliʔ šəgʷɬ ʔəsčəx̌gʷas, ʔəsq’ʷuʔgʷas ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now

əlgʷəʔ

dxʷ–ʔal

PL

CNTRPT–at PROX

tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ saliʔ šəgʷɬ ʔas–čəx̌•gʷas here two path STAT–split•pair

ʔas–q’ʷuʔ•gʷas STAT–gathered•pair

‘They come to where two roads that went off in different directions met.’

410

26

Basket Ogress

ʔa kʷi čad gʷəx̌ʷul’ gʷaskahays, ʔuˑ2 ʔa be.there

kʷi

čad where

REM

gʷə=x̌ʷul’

gʷə=ʔas–kahays

ʔu

SBJ=only

SBJ=STAT–stand:PL

INTJ

‘Where they would just stand was there, oh.’ 27

gʷəl huy wiliq’itəgʷələxʷ gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

wiliq’i–t–əgʷəl=axʷ ask–ICS–RCP=now

‘And then they ask each other,’ 28

čadəxʷ kʷi šəgʷɬ dəxʷʔux̌ʷ čəɬ čad=axʷ where=now

kʷi

šəgʷɬ dəxʷ=ʔux̌ʷ path ADNM=go

REM

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “What path do we take?’ 29

diɬ ʔu tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ diɬ

ʔu

tiʔəʔ

FOC

INT

PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘ “Is it this one?’ 30

diɬ ʔu tiʔəʔ haʔɬ diɬ

ʔu

tiʔəʔ

FOC

INT

PROX

haʔɬ good

‘ “Is it this, the good one?’ 31

diɬ ʔu tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷiʔ gʷəsəsʔiq’ʷs diɬ

ʔu

tiʔəʔ

FOC

INT

PROX

diʔəʔ here

xʷiʔ

gʷə=s=ʔas–ʔiq’=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–swept=3PO

‘ “Is it this one that isn’t cleared?” ’ 32

cutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ cut=axʷ say=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

‘She says,’

2

Both the gloss and the transcription of this line are uncertain.

Alice Williams

33

411

ʔu diɬ tiʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ tiʔiɬ tuscutəbs čəɬ ɬusʔux̌ʷ čəɬ ʔu

diɬ

tiʔəʔ

INTJ

FOC

PROX

ɬu=s=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=NM=go

haʔɬ good

šəgʷɬ path

tiʔiɬ

tu=s=cut–t–b=s

DIST

PAST=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO

čəɬ 1PL.PO

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “It is the good path that we were told to go on.” ’ 34

huy, cutəxʷ tiʔəʔ stutubš huy SCONJ

cut=axʷ say=now

tiʔəʔ

stu–tubš ATTN–man

PROX

‘The boy says,’ 35

xʷiʔ xʷiʔ NEG

‘ “No.’ 36

cut ti bad čəɬ xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷ čəɬ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ cut ti say SPEC tiʔəʔ PROX

bad čəɬ father 1PL.PO haʔɬ good

xʷiʔ

kʷi

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ

NEG

REM

NM=PFV–go

čəɬ 1PL.PO

dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

šəgʷɬ path

‘ “Our father said that we should not go on the good path.” ’ 37

cuucəxʷ tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO

‘He says to his mother,’ 38

xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷ čəɬ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiq’ʷ šəgʷɬ xʷiʔ kʷi

s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ

NEG

NM=PFV–go

REM

čəɬ dxʷ–ʔal 1PL.PO CNTRPT–at

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔiq’ʷ swept

šəgʷɬ path

‘ “We won’t go on the cleared path.” ’ 39

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔiɬʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuys dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ x̌ʷul’=axʷ ʔiɬ–ʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy–s dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ only=now PRTV–go PROX:FEM here mother–3PO CNTRPT–at PROX

412

Basket Ogress

haʔɬ good

šəgʷɬ path

‘But his mother goes on the good path.’ 40

x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔiɬʔux̌ʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ʔiɬ–ʔux̌ʷ PRTV–go

‘She just goes.’ 41

tiˑləbəxʷ tiʔiɬ sɬčisəbs əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus, haw’a tiləb=axʷ tiʔiɬ immediately=now DIST diʔəʔ here

s=ɬčil–s–b=s NM=arrive–ALTV–PASS=3PO

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR

PL

tiʔəʔ PROX

haw’a PTCL

‘Suddenly they are come upon by the Basket Ogress!’ 42

kʷədatəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t–b=axʷ taken–ICS–PASS=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They are taken.’ 43

gʷəl saxʷəbtubəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

saxʷəb–txʷ–b=axʷ jump–ECS–PASS=now

əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRPT–at PROX

PL

‘She runs off with them to that place.’ 44

ʔax̌ʷadus əw’ə tiʔəʔ ʔəsɬaɬlil ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sbabdil ʔax̌ʷadus əw’ə Basket.Ogress PTCL

tiʔəʔ PROX

ʔas–ɬaɬlil ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sba–badil at PROX here ATTN–mountain

STAT–live

‘It is the Basket Ogress that lives there on the mountain.’ 45

kʷədatəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t–b=axʷ taken–ICS–PASS=now

‘They are taken.’

əlgʷəʔ PL

Alice Williams

46

413

gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hikʷ bushel gʷəl SCONJ

dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ inside–ICS–PASS=now

əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRPT–at PROX

PL

hikʷ bushel big bushel

‘They are put into a big bushel basket.’ 47

ɬiditəbəxʷ ɬidi–t–b=axʷ tied–ICS–PASS=now

‘It is tied (shut).’ 48

dᶻubdᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, liɬʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hud dᶻub–dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ DSTR–kick–ACT=now PL at PROX here

liɬ–ʔal

tiʔəʔ

PRLV–at

PROX

‘They (the Basket Ogres) dance in that place by the fire.’ 49

qitəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ hud qit=axʷ əlgʷəʔ circle.around=now PL

ʔal at

‘They circle around the fire.’ 50

huy dᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ kick–ACT=now PL

‘They dance.’ 51

dᶻubalikʷəxʷ dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–ACT=now

‘They dance.’ 52

hiiɬəxʷ əlgʷəʔ hiiɬ=axʷ happy=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They are happy.’

tiʔəʔ PROX

hud burn

diʔəʔ hud here burn

414

53

Basket Ogress

yəx̌i ɬuʔəɬədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ yəx̌i because

ɬu=ʔəɬəd=axʷ

əlgʷəʔ

IRR=feed.on=now

PL

‘Because they will eat.’ 54

həbu həbu INTJ

Vi Hilbert: ‘Haboo.’ 55

ʔuˑ, ɬuʔəɬədaxʷ, ɬuʔəɬədaxʷ čəɬ ʔal kʷi dukʷəɬdat ʔu INTJ

ɬu=ʔəɬəd=axʷ ɬu=ʔəɬəd=axʷ IRR=feed.on=now IRR=feed.on=now

čəɬ ʔal 1PL.SUB at

kʷi REM

dukʷəɬdat tomorrow

Alice Williams: ‘ “Oh, we will eat, eat tomorrow.’ 56

hawʔ ʔu daha čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəɬəd hawʔ

ʔu

INTJ

INTJ

dah–a INTNS–thank

čəɬ 1PL.SUB

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

sʔəɬəd food

‘ “Oh, so we are very thankful for this food.” ’ 57

huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–ACT=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘So they dance.’ 58

dᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ kick–ACT=now PL

‘They dance.’ 59

ʔəca kʷi ɬuhuydxʷ tiʔiɬə šəlaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬə stutubš, ʔəca ʔəca I

kʷi

ɬu=huyu–dxʷ

REM

IRR=made–DC

tiʔiɬə šəlaʔ penis

DIST

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬə

stu–tubš

DIST

ATTN–man

‘ “The one who will get the penis of that boy is me, me!” ’

ʔəca I

Alice Williams

60

415

huy, yabuk’ʷbidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə šəlaʔ huy SCONJ

yabuk’ʷ–bi–t=axʷ fight–MAP–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə PL

DIST

šəlaʔ penis

‘Well, they fight over that penis.’ 61

stutubš stu–tubš ATTN–man

‘He is a boy.’ 62

həbu həbu INTJ

VH: ‘Haboo.’ 63

huy, q’ʷəɬəbaxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

q’ʷəɬəb=axʷ tired=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

AW: ‘Well, they get tired.’ 64

huy cutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ ʔəsbaysx̌əb huy SCONJ

cut=axʷ əlgʷəʔ say=now PL

tsiʔiɬ

ʔas–baysx̌əb

DIST:FEM

STAT–menstruate

‘Well, they say to her, the one who is menstruating,’ 65

ɬugʷədil čəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬə šəgʷɬ čxʷa ɬaswačbid tiʔiɬə sʔəɬəd čəɬ ɬu=gʷəd–il čəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬə šəgʷɬ čxʷa IRR=down–INCH 2SG.SUB at DIST path 2SG.COORD ɬu=ʔas–wač–bi–t IRR=STAT–watch–MAP–ICS

tiʔiɬə DIST

sʔəɬəd food

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “You will sit in the doorway and you will watch over our food.’ 66

xʷiʔ kʷi ɬadsʔitut xʷiʔ

kʷi

ɬu=ad=s=ʔitut

NEG

REM

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=sleep

‘ “You will not sleep.’

416

67

Basket Ogress

ʔu ʔaha čəxʷ gʷədil čxʷa ɬuwačbid tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəɬəd čəɬ 3 ʔu

ʔaha čəxʷ gʷədil right.there 2SG.SUB sit

INTJ

tiʔəʔ

diʔəʔ here

PROX

sʔəɬəd food

čxʷa 2SG.COORD

ɬuwačbid IRR=STAT–watch–MAP–ICS

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “Oh, you sit right there and you will watch our food.’

68

xʷiʔ kʷi ɬadsʔitut xʷiʔ

kʷi

ɬu=ad=s=ʔitut

NEG

REM

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=sleep

‘ “You will not sleep.’ 69

ʔəbil’ čəxʷ ɬuʔitut čɬa ɬugʷəlalcid, dəgʷi ʔəbil’ perhaps

čəxʷ 2SG.SUB

ɬu=ʔitut IRR=sleep

čɬa 1PL.COORD

ɬu=gʷəlal–t–sid IRR=harmed–ICS–2SG.OBJ

dəgʷi you

‘ “If you sleep, we will punish you!” ’ 70

k’iɬidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəɬəds əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔiləgʷadiʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔalʔal k’iɬi–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PROX hung–ICS=now PL diʔəʔ here

ʔiləgʷadiʔ side

ʔə PR

diʔəʔ here tiʔəʔ PROX

sʔəɬəd–s food–3PO diʔəʔ here

əlgʷəʔ ʔal at

PL

ʔalʔal house

‘They hang their food on the side of the house.’ 71

huy, ʔitʔitutəxʷ huy SCONJ

ʔit–ʔitut=axʷ DSTR–sleep=now

‘Then, they sleep.’ 72

yəx̌i q’ʷəɬq’ʷəɬəbaxʷ əlgʷəʔ yəx̌i because

q’ʷəɬ–q’ʷəɬəb=axʷ DSTR–tired=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Because they are tired.’ 3

Both the gloss and the transcription of the beginning of this line are uncertain.

tiʔəʔ PROX

Alice Williams

73

417

yəx̌i hikʷ ʔudᶻubalikʷ əlgʷəʔ yəx̌i because

hikʷ ʔu–dᶻub–alikʷ big PFV–kick–ACT

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Because they have danced a lot.’ 74

ʔaˑ, puʔutəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔa INTJ

puʔu–t–b=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ blow–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX:FEM

sɬadəyʔ tiʔəʔ woman PROX

diʔəʔ sq’ədᶻuʔ–s here hair–3PO

‘Oh, her hair is blown on by the woman.’ 75

puʔudəxʷ ǰəc tsiʔiɬə baysx̌əb puʔu–t=axʷ blow–ICS=now

ǰəc ??

tsiʔiɬə DIST:FEM

baysx̌əb menstruate

‘She blows on the hair of the one who is menstruating.’ 76

puʔudəxʷ gʷəl puʔudəxʷ puʔu–t=axʷ blow–ICS=now

gʷəl SCONJ

puʔu–t=axʷ blow–ICS=now

‘She blows and blows.’ 77

tiləb ʔuʔitutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ baysx̌əb tiləb immediately

ʔu–ʔitut=axʷ

tsiʔəʔ

PFV–sleep=now

PROX:FEM

diʔəʔ baysx̌əb here menstruate

‘Right away the menstruating girl falls asleep.’ 78

ʔiˑtutəxʷ ʔitut=axʷ sleep=now

‘She sleeps.’ 79

ʔitutəxʷ ʔitut=axʷ sleep=now

‘She sleeps.’

418

80

Basket Ogress

ɬaq’əxʷ ɬaq’a=axʷ fallen=now

‘She lies down.’ 81

ʔitutəxʷ ʔitut=axʷ sleep=now

‘She sleeps.’ 82

ɬič’idəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bushel dəxʷəsdəkʷs əlgʷəʔ ɬič’i–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bushel slice–ICS=now PL PROX here bushel

dəxʷ=ʔas–dəkʷ=s

‘(The woman) cuts the bushel basket that they were inside of.’ 83

cuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as, bibədaʔs, stutubš cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now

tiʔəʔ

č’ač’as child

PROX

bi–bədaʔ–s

stu–tubš

ATTN–offspring–3PO

ATTN–man

‘She says to the child, her little son, the boy,’ 84

ʔux̌ʷc čəxʷ kʷi č’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷul’ab ʔə dəgʷi kʷi sx̌əbs čxʷa ʔəƛ’txʷ ʔux̌ʷ–c čəxʷ go–ALTV 2SG.SUB s=x̌əb=s NM=heavy=3PO

kʷi REM

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

čxʷa 2SG.COORD

x̌ʷul’ab same.way

ʔə PR

ʔəƛ’–txʷ come–ECS

‘ “Go get a stone that is your weight and bring it.’ 85

saliʔ kʷi ɬuʔəƛ’txʷ čəxʷ č’ƛ’aʔ saliʔ kʷi two REM

ɬu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ IRR=come–ECS

čəxʷ č’ƛ’aʔ 2SG.SUB stone

‘ “You will bring two stones.” ’ 86

sasaxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as sa–saxʷəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ ATTN–jump=now PROX

‘The child scurries off.’

č’ač’as child

əlgʷəʔ

ADNM=STAT–inside=3PO PL

dəgʷi you

kʷi REM

Alice Williams

87

419

huy, ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ huy SCONJ

ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

‘Then he goes after the stones.’ 88

gʷəl ʔəƛ’txʷaxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔəƛ’–txʷ=axʷ come–ECS=now

‘And he brings them.’ 89

cəbab tiʔiɬ sʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ č’ač’as dxʷčəgʷalatxʷ cəbab twice

tiʔiɬ

s=ʔux̌ʷ

DIST

NM=go

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ

č’ač’as child

PROX

dxʷ–čəgʷ•alatxʷ CTD–seaward•house

‘Twice the child goes outside the house.’ 90

gʷəl ʔəƛ’txʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ gʷəl SCONJ

ʔəƛ’–txʷ tiʔəʔ come–ECS PROX

diʔəʔ here

č’ƛ’aʔ stone

‘He brings the stones.’ 91

dəgʷašəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bushel dəkʷa–š=axʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal inside–ICS=now PL at

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

bushel bushel

‘They put them inside the bushel basket.’ 92

huy, saxʷəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘Then they run.’ 93

x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔut’x̌abid tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ baysx̌əb ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ šəgʷɬ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now diʔəʔ here

əlgʷəʔ ʔu–t’x̌abid tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PFV–step.over PROX:FEM here

PL

baysx̌əb ʔal tiʔəʔ menstruate at PROX

šəgʷɬ path

‘They just step over that menstruating girl in the door.’

420

94

Basket Ogress

ʔuˑ, tiləbəxʷ ʔuqəɬqəɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷʔax̌ʷadus tasʔitʔitut ʔu

tiləb=axʷ ʔu–qəɬ–qəɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷ–ʔax̌ʷadus immediately=now PFV–DSTR–awake PROX here DSTR–Basket.Ogress

INTJ

tu=ʔas–ʔit–ʔitut PAST=STAT–DSTR–sleep

‘Oh, right away the Basket Ogres that have been sleeping wake up.’ 95

šudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə sʔəɬəds xʷiʔəxʷ šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ see–DC=now

əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə PL

sʔəɬəd–s food–3PO

DIST

xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now

‘They see that their food is gone.’ 96

ʔuʔitut dᶻəɬ tsiʔiɬ ʔəsbaysx̌əb ʔu–ʔitut PFV–sleep

dᶻəɬ

tsiʔiɬ

ʔas–baysx̌əb

PTCL

DIST:FEM

STAT–menstruate

‘ “That menstruating girl must have fallen asleep!” ’ 97

ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ baysx̌əb ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

baysx̌əb menstruate

‘They go to the menstruating girl.’ 98

huy, c’iq’ʷidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

c’iq’ʷi–t=axʷ split–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They beat her.’ 99

c’iq’ʷidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ ʔəsbaysx̌əb c’iq’ʷi–t=axʷ split–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ

tsiʔiɬ

ʔas–baysx̌əb

PL

DIST:FEM

STAT–menstruate

‘They beat the menstruating girl.’ 100 ʔuʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ adəxʷʔitut ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen

əw’ə tiʔiɬ PTCL

DIST

‘ “Why did you fall asleep?’

ad=dəxʷ=ʔitut 2SG.PO=ADNM=sleep

Alice Williams

421

101 gʷəl ʔuƛ’iw’ tiʔiɬə tusʔəɬəd čəɬ gʷəl

ʔu–ƛ’iw’

tiʔiɬə

tu=sʔəɬəd

SCONJ

PFV–escape

DIST

PAST=food

čəɬ 1PL.PO

‘ “And our food has escaped.” ’ 102 šuɬəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷčəgʷalatxʷ šuɬ=axʷ see=now

əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–čəgʷ•alatxʷ CTD–seaward•house

PL

‘They look outside the house.’ 103 taˑdiʔ tadiʔ DIST.DMA

‘ “Over there!’ 104 tux̌ʷəxʷ stab gʷəl ʔaləs tadiʔ siq’gʷas ʔə tə šəgʷɬ tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now tə NSPEC

stab what

gʷəl SCONJ

ʔal=as at=3SBRD

tadiʔ

s=siq’•gʷas

DIST.DMA

NM=spread•pair

šəgʷɬ path

‘ “They are just there in the fork in the path.” ’ 105 huy, čaladəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ

čala–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ chased–ICS=now PL

‘Then they chase them.’ 106 x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ kʷi ƛ’usʔux̌ʷs əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ only fast

kʷi

ƛ’u=s=ʔux̌ʷ=s

əlgʷəʔ

REM

HAB=NM=go=3PO

PL

‘They go really fast.’ 107 xʷiʔ ləhaʔkʷ kʷi sʔux̌ʷs əlgʷəʔ xʷiʔ

lə=haʔkʷ

kʷi

s=ʔux̌ʷ=s

əlgʷəʔ

NEG

NEGP=long.time

REM

NM=go=3PO

PL

‘It doesn’t take them long.’

ʔə PR

422

Basket Ogress

108 gʷəl bələkʷədxʷaxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ gʷəl

bə=lə=kʷəda–dxʷ=axʷ

əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=taken–DC=now

PL

DIST

‘And they are managing to get them again.’ 109 xʷiʔ ləhaʔkʷ kʷi sɬaʔcəbs əlgʷəʔ xʷiʔ

lə=haʔkʷ

kʷi

s=ɬaʔ–c–b=s

əlgʷəʔ

NEG

NEGP=long.time

REM

NM=arrive–ALTV–PASS=3PO

PL

‘They almost reach them.’ 110 gʷəl ʔix̌ʷidəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷux̌iq’ids tiʔəʔ sx̌əquss dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swətwətixʷtəd gʷəl SCONJ

ʔix̌ʷi–t=axʷ thrown–ICS=now

tiʔəʔ PROX

tiʔəʔ s=x̌q•us=s PROX NM=wrapped•face=3PO

diʔəʔ here

dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌iq’i–t=s ADNM=PFV–scratch–ICS=3PO

dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

tiʔəʔ swət–wətixʷtəd DSTR–trees

PROX

‘And (the woman) throws what she uses to scratch her head towards the trees.’ 111 tiˑləb ʔuƛ’ax̌ʷ tiʔəʔ hiˑkʷ sčəbidac tiləb immediately

ʔu–ƛ’ax̌ʷ

tiʔəʔ

PFV–grow

PROX

hikʷ sčəbid•ac big Douglas.fir•tree

‘Right away a big Douglas fir grows up.’ 112 tiləbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔuʔigʷəɬ dxʷšəq tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

əlgʷəʔ ʔu–ʔigʷəɬ PFV–climb

PL

dxʷ–šq CNTRPT–high

‘They climb up right away.’ 113 ʔigʷəɬ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔaˑl ti šəq ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sčəbidac ʔigʷəɬ əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal ti šq ʔə climb PL CNTRPT–at SPEC high PR

tiʔəʔ

diʔəʔ here

PROX

sčəbid•ac Douglas.fir•tree

‘They climb up so they are way up high in the tree.’ 114 huy, x̌ʷuƛ’utəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ gʷədagʷap ʔə tiʔəʔ čəbidac huy SCONJ

x̌ʷuƛ’u–t–b=axʷ ʔə chewed–ICS–PASS=now PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

diʔəʔ here

ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress

tiʔəʔ PROX

Alice Williams

423

gʷəd•agʷap ʔə down•base.of.tree PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

čəbid•ac Douglas.fir•tree

‘The base of the tree is chewed by the Basket Ogres.’ 115 x̌ʷuˑƛ’udəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷəsdᶻaq’s x̌ʷuƛ’u–t=axʷ chewed–ICS=now

əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at

PL

kʷi

gʷə=s=dᶻaq’=s

REM

SBJ=NM=fall=3PO

‘They chew on it so it will fall.’ 116 gʷəl ɬubəkʷədxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷədiʔ gʷəl

ɬu=bə=kʷəda–dxʷ

əlgʷəʔ

kʷədiʔ

SCONJ

IRR=ADD=taken–DC

PL

REM.DMA

‘And they will manage to get them again.’ 117 yaʔɬəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ləcugʷiidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ baysx̌əb yaʔɬ=axʷ unable=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

ləcu–gʷihi–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ CONT–invite–ICS=now PL

‘It is no use (so) they call the menstruating girl.’ 118 ʔəƛ’axʷ ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now

‘ “Come here!’ 119 kʷaxʷatubuɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kʷaxʷa–t–ubuɬ help–ICS–1PL.OBJ

ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX

diʔəʔ here

‘ “Help us with this!” ’ 120 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ baysx̌əb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

baysx̌əb menstruate

‘The menstruating girl goes.’ 121 gʷəl ləcukʷaxʷaxʷəxʷ gʷəl

ləcu–kʷaxʷ–axʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

CONT–DIM.EFF–help=now

‘And she helps.’

tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM

baysx̌əb menstruate

424

Basket Ogress

122 tux̌ʷəxʷ stab tiʔiɬ ƛ’ubəsdᶻaq’s tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now

stab what

tiʔiɬ

ƛ’u=bə=s=dᶻaq’=s

DIST

HAB=ADD=NM=fall=3PO

‘The tree would almost topple over.’ 123 gʷəl ƛ’ubəkʷədad tiʔiɬ bədəč’uʔ qʷɬayʔ gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=kʷəda–t

tiʔiɬ

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=taken–ICS

DIST

bə=dəč’uʔ qʷɬayʔ log

ADD=one

‘And (the woman) would take another one of her (scratching) sticks.’ 124 gʷəl ƛ’ubəʔix̌ʷid gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=ʔix̌ʷi–t

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=thrown–ICS

‘And she would throw it.’ 125 tiləb hikʷ sčəbidac tiʔiɬ ƛ’ubəƛ’ax̌ʷ tiləb immediately

hikʷ sčəbid•ac tiʔiɬ big Douglas.fir•tree DIST

ƛ’u=bə=ƛ’ax̌ʷ HAB=ADD=grow

‘Right away another big Douglas fir grows.’ 126 buusaɬ tiʔiɬ shuys ʔəsʔistaʔ buus•aɬ four•CLS

tiʔiɬ s=huyu=s NM=made=3PO

DIST

ʔas–ʔistaʔ STAT–be.like

‘It happened like that four times.’ 127 ʔaləxʷ tiʔiɬ ƛ’ušac’ ʔə tiʔiɬ buusaɬ ʔal=axʷ at=now

tiʔiɬ

ƛ’u=s=šac’

DIST

HAB=NM=finished

ʔə PR

tiʔiɬ DIST

buus•aɬ four•CLS

‘At the end of the fourth time,’ 128 gʷəl wiˑʔaacəxʷ tiʔiɬ sqʷəbqʷəbayʔs gʷəl SCONJ

wiʔaa–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ holler–ALTV=now DIST

sqʷəb–qʷəbayʔ–s DSTR–dog–3PO

‘And (the woman) calls their dogs.’

Alice Williams

425

129 wiʔaacəxʷ əlgʷəʔ wiʔaa–c=axʷ holler–ALTV=now

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They call them.’ 130 wiʔaacəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tə sqʷəbayʔs wiʔaa–c=axʷ holler–ALTV=now

əlgʷəʔ

tə

PL

NSPEC

sqʷəbayʔ–s dog–3PO

‘They call their dogs.’ 131 buus tə sqʷəbayʔs əlgʷəʔ buus four

tə NSPEC

sqʷəbayʔ–s dog–3PO

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘They have four dogs.’ 132 ƛ’udᶻaƛ’bid čəd kʷi sdaʔs ƛ’u=dᶻaƛ’–bi–t HAB=confused–MAP–ICS

čəd kʷi 1SG.SUB REM

sdaʔ–s name–3PO

‘I always forget their names.’ 133 ʔəbsdaʔ tiʔəʔ sqʷəbqʷəbayʔ, each one bək’ʷ gʷat ʔas–bəs–sdaʔ tiʔəʔ STAT–PROP–name PROX

sqʷəb–qʷəbayʔ DSTR–dog

each each

one one

‘The dogs have names, each one, all of them.’ 134 ʔəbsdaʔ buus tə sdaʔs əlgʷəʔ ʔas–bəs–sdaʔ buus STAT–PROP–name four

‘They have four names.’ 135 wiʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ wiʔa–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ holler–ICS=now PL

‘They call them.’

tə NSPEC

sdaʔ–s əlgʷəʔ name–3PO PL

bək’ʷ all

gʷat who

426

Basket Ogress

136 gʷəl wiʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

wiʔa–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ holler–ICS=now PL

‘Then they call them.’ 137 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tusdᶻaq’ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔux̌ʷ go

tu=s=dᶻaq’ PAST=NM=fall

ʔə PR

tiʔəʔ PROX

‘Just when this (tree) was about to fall.’ 138 gʷəl tiˑləb ʔux̌ʷuƛ’udəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷʔax̌ʷadus gʷəl SCONJ

tiləb immediately

ʔu–x̌ʷuƛ’u–t=axʷ

əlgʷəʔ

tiʔəʔ

PFV–chewed–ICS=now

PL

PROX

diʔəʔ here

ʔax̌ʷ–ʔax̌ʷadus DSTR–Basket.Ogress

‘And right away they chew up the Basket Ogres.’ 139 mimaʔən’əxʷ kʷi bəsəsɬaq’ ʔə kʷi diič’uʔ mi–maʔən’=axʷ ATTN–small=now

kʷi

bə=s=ʔas–ɬaq’a

REM

ADD=NM=STAT–fallen

ʔə PR

kʷi REM

diič’uʔ one:HMN

‘Little bits of each one lie there.’ 140 saxʷəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ baysx̌əb saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now

tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM

baysx̌əb menstruate

‘The menstruating girl runs.’ 141 čadᶻiləxʷ ʔal tudiʔ ʔalʔals əlgʷəʔ čac–il=axʷ hidden–INCH=now

ʔal at

tudiʔ DIST.DMA

ʔalʔal–s house–3PO

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘She hides inside their house.’ 142 x̌ʷuƛ’utəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷʔaˑl sxʷiʔsəxʷ kʷi čad x̌ʷuƛ’u–t–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ chewed–ICS–PASS=now PROX s=xʷiʔ=s=axʷ NM=NEG=3PO=now

kʷi REM

diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷ–ʔal here Basket.Ogress CNTRPT–at čad where

‘The Basket Ogres are chewed into nothing.’

Alice Williams

427

143 gʷəl p’aƛ’aƛ’əxʷ ʔəsqʷatəxʷ tiʔiɬ stab əlgʷəʔ, biʔacs əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ

p’aƛ’aƛ’=axʷ ʔas–qʷata=axʷ worthless=now STAT–laid.out=now

tiʔiɬ stab əlgʷəʔ biʔac–s DIST what PL meat–3PO

əlgʷəʔ PL

‘And insignificant bits of their meat lie there.’ 144 ʔəsqʷatqʷat all over ʔas–qʷat–qʷata all over STAT–DSTR–laid.out all over

‘They are strewn about all over.’ 145 həbu həbu INTJ

VH: ‘Haboo.’ 146 diɬəxʷ shuys tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ syəyəhub diɬ=axʷ FOC=now

s=huyu=s

tiʔiɬ

NM=made=3PO

DIST

dəč’uʔ one

AW: ‘That is the end of one story.’ 147 ʔu həbu tsi siʔab, haʔɬ syəyəhub həbu

tsi

INTJ

SPEC:FEM

siʔab noble

haʔɬ good

syəhub legend

VH: ‘Haboo, noble lady, it is a good story.’ 148 haʔɬ syəyəhub haʔɬ good

syəhub legend

AW: ‘It is a good story.’

syəyəhub legend

Glossary of Terms

The terms in the glossary below are intended to explain, in relatively informal language, the meanings of the terms used in the abbreviations found in the interlinear analyses of the texts, as well as some of the technical terms used in the Introduction. Underlined words in definitions refer to words that have their own definitions in the glossary. While not always technically precise, the definitions should give readers a good sense of the intended meaning of the terms employed in this volume; there are also good (and more accurate) definitions and discussions of many of them online. For each definition, two or three typical uses from the present volume are cited by page and line number. activity (ACT) – a suffix added to a verb to indicate that the subject is performing a culturally significant activity (-alikʷ) [page 48, line 188; page 410, line 73]. additive (ADD) – a clitic meaning ‘also’, ‘again’, or ‘more’ (bə=) [page 26, line 36; page 297, line 70; page 394, line 83]. adjunct – a part of a sentence that is not required, but adds extra information such as a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb. adjunctive nominalizer (ADNM) – a clitic that changes the meaning of a clause to refer to a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb in that clause (dəxʷ=) [page 25, line 31; page 270, line 48; page 319, line 4]. affix (—) – a part of a word that is not its root and that can be assigned a specific grammatical meaning or function. allative applicative (ALTV) – a suffix that adds a goal towards which the subject moves (-c/-s) [page 202, line 28; page 343, line 14]. allomorphic – reflecting different pronunciations of an affix (e.g., the difference in the sound of the plural -s in cats versus dogs). allophonic – reflecting a change or variation in pronunciation of a sound that does not alter meaning (e.g., the difference in the sound of the /t/ in write versus writing).

430

Glossary of Terms

applicative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new object. aspect – an inflection of a verb that indicates whether it refers to a complete event or something that is ongoing, an unchanging state, etc. attenuative (ATTN) – a reduplication applied to a word that indicates either small size or diminished force [page 45, line 169; page 235, line 255; page 354, line 95]. autonomous (AUTO) – a suffix indicating that the subject of a verb has acted deliberately to achieve the state described by the verb’s root (-agʷil) [page 146, line 878; page 309, line 151]. causative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new subject that causes the event described by the verb. causative middle (CSMD) – an affix that adds a new subject who causes the event and whose own interests are affected (-b) [page 38, line 122; page 343, line 15]. centrifugal (CNTRFG) – expressing motion away from the centre or the point of reference (“from”) (dxʷ-) [page 281, line 123; page 293, line 40]. centripetal (CNTRPT) – expressing motion towards the centre or the point of reference (“to”) (tul’-) [page 221, line 162; page 365, line 1]. classifier (CLS) – a suffix used in conjunction with a numeral for counting [page 22, line 9; page 45, line 167]. clause – the part of a sentence that expresses an event or a state along with the participants in that event/state; minimally a clause contains a predicate (usually a verb) and a subject; a sentence may consist of more than one clause. clitic (=) – an element that is pronounced together with a word that it is not really a part of (like English n’t in don’t) [see Introduction, pp. 9-10]. collective (COLL) – a lexical suffix denoting a group or collectivity (•dup) [page 24, line 22; page 67, line 324]. connective (CNN) – a meaningless element that occurs between two affixes and helps to join them [page 25, line 28; page 320, line 12]. conjunction (CONJ) – a word used to connect two or more words or phrases (like English and or but). contained (CTD) – a very common prefix with many meanings; originally it had to do with processes that are localized or carried out within some form of containment [page 48, line 193; page 93, line 503], but over time it has come to be used most commonly in words for thoughts, desires, and internal mental states (dxʷ-) [page 224, line 179; page 265, line 15; page 300, line 90]. continuous (CONT) – an aspect that indicates that an event is drawn out over an uninterrupted period of time (ləcu-) [page 21, line 3; page 47, line 186]. coordinated – joined by a conjunction such as English and, or, or but.

Glossary of Terms

431

coordinative (COORD) – a special form of pronominal used in a second or subsequent clause in a series of coordinated (compound) sentences [page 37, line 111; page 206, line 51]. dative applicative (DAT) – a secondary suffix that adds a recipient to a clause (-yi) [page 36, line 106; page 306, line 131]. deictic – having to do with locating something in space relative to the speaker. demonstrative adverbial (DMA) – a type of adverb used to indicate distance and spatial location [page 147, line 887]; sometimes these can function as determiners [page 45, line 166]. derivational – having to do with the formation of words. desiderative (DSD) – a suffix added to a verb that indicates that the subject wishes to perform the action expressed by the verb (-ab); it is always accompanied by the contained prefix (dxʷ-) [page 291, line 29; page 393, line 76]. determiner – a word like the English the or a that introduces a noun or a phrase used as a noun. diminutive (DIM) – a suffix used to indicate small size or affection (-aɬ) [page 21, line 1]. diminished control (DC) – a suffix used to indicate that the subject is not in complete control of the event described by the verb (-dxʷ) [page 225, line 190; page 276, line 92; page 302, line 105]. diminished effectiveness (DIM.EFF) – a reduplication that indicates that an action is performed only partially or ineffectively over and over again [page 238, line 280; page 241, line 302]. distal (DIST) – indicates that something is at a distance from the speaker (farther away than proximal, closer than remote) (tiʔiɬ). distributive (DSTR) – a reduplication that, when applied to nouns, indicates plurality [page 23, line 15] and, when applied to verbs, indicates an action carried out over an area, repeatedly, or by several people [page 22, line 8; page 24, line 21; page 68, line 335]. enclitic – a clitic that comes after the word it attaches to. epenthesis – the insertion of an extra sound in certain phonological contexts. etymology – the study of the history of words. external causative (ECS) – a causative suffix used to add a subject which is less directly involved in the event it causes [page 243, line 316; page 249, line 356] or which is not physically affected by the event (-txʷ) [page 24, line 23; page 236, line 266]. feminine (FEM) – a form of a word used to refer to females, small things, or things the speaker has affection for. focus (FOC) – indicates that the subject of the sentence is a particular thing that is being singled out for attention (diɬ) [page 23, line 14; page 403, line 30].

432

Glossary of Terms

fossilized – being recognizable as an affix or other part of a word but not having its original meaning (or any meaning at all) because of historical developments. generic – referring to a type of thing rather than anything in particular. gloss – translation. habitual (HAB) – a mood that indicates that an action is done habitually or repeatedly over a period of time (ƛ’u=) [page 22, line 8; page 139, line 829]. human (HMN) – a form of numeral used to count people [page 386, line 32]. imperative (IMP) – a particle used as part of a command (ɬi) [page 374, line 66]. implement (IMPL) – a suffix used to form nouns naming tools or implements used for specific purposes (-təd) [page 288, line 10]. inchoative (INCH) – a suffix that indicates the beginning of an action or state (-il) [page 390, line 59; page 401, line 17]. incorporative (INCRP) – suffix used to add a subject to a verb as well as a noun expressing some type of object involved in the activity described by the verb (-əɬ) [page 131, line 771; page 326, line 45; page 389, line 55]. inflection – grammatical elements that are required by words in specific contexts. internal causative (ICS) – a suffix used to add a subject to an event in which it is directly, usually physically, involved (-t/-d) [page 157, line 960; page 320, line 7; page 405, line 42]. instrumental (INSTR) – a prefix added to verbs to create nouns expressing an instrument used to perform an action or activity (səxʷ-) [page 88, line 471]. intensivity (INTNS) – a reduplication applied to a verb or an adverb to intensify its meaning (in a similar way to the English very) [page 390, line 60; page 407, line 56]. interjection (INTJ) – a word that expresses speaker attitude and which can be used on its own or as part of a sentence (like English “Wow!” or “Really?”). interrogative (INT) – a particle used to indicate that a sentence is a question (ʔu) [page 231, line 227; page 255, line 399]. irrealis (IRR) – a mood that indicates that the clause describes an event that hasn’t happened yet (i.e., the future) or which is considered unlikely to happen or hypothetical (ɬu=) [page 265, line 18; page 381, line 3; page 399, line 3]. lexeme – the dictionary form of a word, excluding any inflections it might have. lexical class – part of speech (noun, verb, etc.). lexical suffix (•) – a suffix that has a concrete, substantive meaning usually translated as a noun in English. middle (MD) – a suffix that has a wide range of meanings, mostly indicating that the event or action involves or affects only the subject (-b) [page 264, line 8; page 395, line 89; page 402, line 21].

Glossary of Terms

433

middle applicative (MAP) – a secondary suffix that adds a new object to a verb; the object is usually not directly or physically affected by the event (-bi) [page 305, line 119; page 408, line 60]. modal – expressing mood. monomorphemic – consisting of only one analyzable part. mood – an inflection of verbs that usually indicates speaker attitude about either the reality of an event or its desirability. morpheme – a part of a word that expresses some meaning. morphology – the rules and patterns governing the makeup of words in a language. morphophonemics – phonological changes that apply only to particular affixes. negative proclitic (NEGP) – a clitic that appears in certain types of negative sentences (lə=) [page 231, line 230; page 312, line 169]. nominalizer (NM) – a clitic that is attached to an adverb or a verb in a clause, making the clause more like a noun (similar to English -ing in expressions like Bill’s competing in the race) (s=) [page 371, line 39; page 399, line 5]. nominalizing prefix (NP) – a prefix attached to verbs to make them into nouns (s-) [page 145, line 872; page 213, line 103]. non-compositional – having a meaning that is not the exact sum of the meanings of its parts (e.g., white-collar in white-collar crimes). non-specific (NSPEC) – indicates that the following noun refers to a kind of thing rather than some particular individual (tə). object (OBJ) – the word or phrase that expresses the target of an action (like bread in the baker sliced the bread); objects are often expressed by suffixes on verbs rather than by nouns or pronouns [page 374, line 66; page 409, line 69]. passive (PASS) – a suffix that makes what is usually the object of a verb its subject; what is usually the subject appears in a prepositional phrase in a passive sentence (for example, the English passive of the dog chased the cat is the cat was chased by the dog) (-b) [page 288, line 11; page 383, line 17]. partitive (PRTV) – a prefix that means “other” or “others” and indicates that only some of the people on the scene perform an action (ʔiɬ-) [page 373, line 57], or that only part of a group or an object is involved in an event or action [page 347, line 42]. particle (PTCL) – a word that stands by itself without taking affixes of any kind; particles usually have abstract or grammatical meanings. perfective (PFV) – an aspect that indicates that an action is completed (ʔu-) [page 349, line 61; page 401, line 17]. phoneme – a sound of a language that could be represented by a unique letter in an alphabet; changing a phoneme in a word can potentially change it to another word.

434

Glossary of Terms

phonology – the system of sounds used by a language and the rules that govern their combination and interaction. phonotactics – restrictions on the possible combinations of sounds allowed by a language. person – a grammatical term that refers to the people involved in a conversation; first person is the speaker (‘I’ and ‘we’), second person is the person being addressed (‘you’ and ‘you guys’), and third person is a third party or thing that is being talked about (‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘they’). predicate – part of a clause that states something about, identifies, or classifies the subject. prefix – an affix that is added before a root. preposition (PR) – a word used to introduce a noun into a clause; Lushootseed has two prepositions—ʔal ‘at’, which appears alone or combines with the centrifugal, centripetal, or prolative prefixes, and ʔə, which has no real meaning but performs a number of grammatical functions. proclivative (PROC) – a prefix for professions or people with a predisposition to perform particular actions [page 320, line 170]. proclitic – a clitic that comes before the word it attaches to. progressive (PROG) – an aspect that indicates an action is in progress or takes place over a stretch of time (lə=) [page 367, line 13; page 384, line 21]. prolative (PRLV) – indicates location or motion distributed over an area [page 406, line 48], or motion along a path (liɬ-) [page 333, line 93]. pronominal – a clitic that indicates the subject of a sentence (similar to English I or she, but not a full word). propriative (PROP) – a prefix indicating ownership or possession (bəs-) [page 325, line 40; page 418, line 133]. prosodic – having to do with the rhythmic pattern of speech. proximal (PROX) – indicates that something is close to the speaker (tiʔəʔ). purposive (PRPV) – a suffix that means ‘go in order to do something’ (-iluɬ) [page 54, line 231]. quotative (QTV) – a particle that indicates the speaker is simply repeating something they heard someone else say (k’ʷəɬ) [page 236, line 266; page 271, line 57]. radical – a technical term for “root.” reciprocal (RCP) – a marker on the verb that indicates that the subject acts on the object and the object acts in the same way on the subject (like English each other in they hit each other) (-əgʷəl) [page 390, line 58; page 403, line 27]. reduplication (RDP) – a copy of a part of a word that is added back onto the word itself to express some kind of grammatical meaning; Lushootseed has several types of reduplication, the most common being the attenuative and the distributive.

Glossary of Terms

435

reference-tracking – a system for keeping track of who is being talked about in a story or conversation. reflexive (REFL) – a suffix that indicates the subject is acting on itself (like himself in English he cut himself) (-sut) [page 384, line 21; page 385, line 26]. relational (RLNL) – a suffix with a number of meanings, most commonly used to form expressions of relative spatial location (-bid) [page 368, line 26; page 392, line 68]. remote/hypothetical (REM) – indicates that something is far from the speaker, or that it is considered not to be real or is only a possibility (kʷi). root – the basic part of a word that expresses its central meaning (like write in English rewrites). secondary suffix (SS) – a suffix that combines with other suffixes in order to change the meaning of the verb in a variety of ways; Lushootseed has a variety of these, including the dative and middle applicatives. sentential conjunction (SCONJ) – a word used to organize sentences in a story. specific (SPEC) – indicates that a noun refers to a specific individual (ti). stative (STAT) – an aspect indicating that what the verb describes is a lasting state or state of affairs (ʔas-) [page 56, line 248; page 325, line 44; page 399, line 1]. subject – the protagonist or most important participant in an event. subjunctive (SBJ) – a mood that indicates that an event is uncertain or hypothetical or (in negative sentences) that it is not achievable (gʷə=) [page 133, line 782; page 402, line 23]. subordinate (SBRD) – special set of pronominal subject clitics used on verbs in some kinds of subordinate clause [page 32, line 78; page 324, line 33]. subordinate clause – a clause that is part of another clause and can’t stand on its own as a full sentence (like if I had known in English if I had known, I wouldn’t have done that). suffix – an affix that is added after a root. syntax – the rules that govern the structure of sentences and the combination of words in a language. temporal – expressing tense. tense – an inflection of verbs that indicates whether the event happened in the past, present, or future. topical object (TOBJ) – a suffix used in sentences where the object, rather than the subject, is the topic of the discourse (that is, the most central character of that part of the text) (-agʷiʔ) [page 82, line 427; page 126, line 737]. unique (UNQ) – indicates that the following noun is a unique individual (tiʔacəc). valency – the total number of subject plus objects that a verb can have. wordform – the full form of a word, including inflections.

References

Bates, Dawn, Thomas M. Hess, and Vi Hilbert. 1994. Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Beck, David. 1999. “Words and Prosodic Phrasing in Lushootseed Narrative.” In Studies on the Phonological Word, ed. Toby A. Hall and Ursula Kleinhenz, 23-46. Amsterdam: Benjamins. –. 2000. “Semantic Agents, Syntactic Subjects, and Discourse Topics: How to Locate Lushootseed Sentences in Space and Time.” Studies in Language 24: 277-317. Beck, David, and Thom Hess. 2010. “Two syəyəhub from Harry Moses.” In A Festschrift for Thomas M. Hess on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, ed. David Beck, 1-54. Whatcom Museum Publications 21. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum Publications. –. 2014. Tellings from Our Elders: Lushootseed syəyəhub. Volume 1 – Snohomish Texts. Vancouver: UBC Press. Bierwert, Crisca. 1996. Lushootseed Texts: An Introduction to Puget Sound Salish Narrative Aesthetics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa, and M. Dale Kinkade. 1998. “Salish Languages and Linguistics.” In Salish Languages and Linguistics: Theoretical and Descriptive Perspectives, ed. Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins and M. Dale Kinkade, 1-68. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Hess, Thomas M. 1976. Dictionary of Puget Salish. Seattle: American Indian Studies, University of Washington Press. --. 1977. “Lushootseed Dialects.” Anthropological Linguistics 19: 403-19. –. 1982. “Traces of ‘Abnormal’ Speech in Lushootseed.” In Papers for the 17th International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages, 89-97. Portland, OR. –. 1995. Lushootseed Reader with Introductory Grammar. Volume I: Four Stories from Edward Sam. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics.

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–. 1998. Lushootseed Reader with Intermediate Grammar. Volume II: Four Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. –. 2006. Lushootseed Reader with English Translations. Volume III: Four More Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu. 1985. Haboo: Native American Stories from Puget Sound. Seattle: University of Washington Press. --. 1995a. əč’usədəʔ ʔə gʷəqʷulc’əʔ, Aunt Susie Sampson Peter: The Wisdom of a Skagit Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 1995b. siastənu, “Gram” Ruth Sehome Shelton: The Wisdom of a Tulalip Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 1995c. pətius, Isadore Tom. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 1996. Lady Louse Lived There. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 2004. Haboo: Lushootseed Literature in English. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu, and Thomas M. Hess. 1977. “Lushootseed.” In Northwest Coast Texts: Stealing Light, ed. Barry F. Carlson, 4-32. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kinkade, M. Dale, William W. Elmendorf, Bruce Rigsby, and Haruo Aoki. 1998. “Languages.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Plateau, ed. Deward E. Walker Jr., 49-72. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Kiyosawa, Kaoru, and Donna B. Gerdts. 2010. Salish Applicatives. Leiden: Brill.