Oral stories form a portal through which rich cultural and linguistic information is passed from generation to generatio
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English Pages 453 Year 2015
Table of contents :
Cover
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Abbreviations and Symbols
Introduction
Language
Texts
Presentation
Acknowledgments
1 - gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
Star Child
2 - Dora Solomon
Star Child
3 - Mary Sampson Willup
Star Child
4 - Harry Moses
Star Child
How Daylight Was Stolen
5 - tsi sqʷux̌ʷaɬ Louise Anderson
Basket Ogress
6 - ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
Basket Ogress
7 - Dewey Mitchell
Basket Ogress
8 - Alice Williams
Basket Ogress
Glossary of Terms
References
Tellings from Our Elders
Volume 2: Tales from the Skagit Valley
FIRST NATIONS LANGUAGES
The First Nations languages of the world, many of which are renowned for the complexity and richness of their linguistic structure, embody the cumulative cultural knowledge of Aboriginal peoples. This vital linguistic heritage is currently under severe threat of extinction. This series is dedicated to the linguistic study of these languages. Patricia A. Shaw, a member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia and director of the First Nations Languages Program, is general editor of the series. The other volumes in the series are: The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax Jan van Eijk Musqueam Reference Grammar Wayne Suttles When I Was Small – I Wan Kwikws: A Grammatical Analysis of St’át’imc Oral Narratives Lisa Matthewson, in collaboration with Beverley Frank, Gertrude Ned, Laura Thevarge, and Rose Agnes Whitley Witsuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology Sharon Hargus Making Wawa: The Genesis of Chinook Jargon George Lang A Tsilhqút’ín Grammar Eung-Do Cook Tellings from Our Elders, Vol. 1, Snohomish Texts David Beck and Thom Hess
Tellings from Our Elders: Lushootseed syəyəhub
Volume 2: Tales from the Skagit Valley As told by Susie Sampson Peter, Dora Solomon, Mary Sampson Willup, Harry Moses, Louise Anderson, Martin Sampson, Dewey Mitchell, and Alice Williams David Beck and Thom Hess
© UBC Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. The author wishes to thank the Upper Skagit, Swinomish, and Sauk-Suiattle Tribes and Lushootseed Research for permission to reproduce the stories that appear in this book, as they are told by Susie Sampson Peter, Dora Solomon, Mary Sampson Willup, Harry Moses, Louise Anderson, Martin Sampson, Dewey Mitchell, and Alice Williams. Their stories are protected under Native cultural heritage rights. ISBN 9780774829045 (bound); ISBN 9780774829052 (pdf ) Cataloguing-in-publication data for this book is available from Library and Archives Canada.
UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund), the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. UBC Press The University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 604-822-5959 / Fax: 604-822-6083 www.ubcpress.ca
Contents
Foreword / vii Jay Miller Abbreviations and Symbols / xiii Introduction / 3 1
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter / 21 Star Child / 24
2
Dora Solomon / 203 Star Child / 204
3
Mary Sampson Willup / 269 Star Child / 270
4
Harry Moses / 293 Star Child / 294 How Daylight Was Stolen / 325
5
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson / 347 Basket Ogress / 349
6
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson / 371 Basket Ogress / 373
vi
Contents
7
Dewey Mitchell / 387 Basket Ogress / 389
8
Alice Williams / 405 Basket Ogress / 406 Glossary of Terms / 429 References / 437
Foreword
This volume resonates with the voice of Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, and it seems appropriate to preface this work with some words about her life and influence on Lushootseed and Lushootseed scholarship. Vi Hilbert was a scholar-elder, US National Treasure, Washington State Living Treasure, Skagit resource, and skilled storyteller in both English, “the borrowed language,” and her own Lushootseed or Puget Salish. Initially working with linguist Thomas Hess to transcribe and translate recordings of elderly speakers, she learned from Hess the technical alphabet to be able to read and write her native language. Soon she began teaching her language and literature (traditional stories) at the University of Washington, generously sharing her knowledge with all students and interested faculty. With Hess and others, she co-wrote Lushootseed grammars and dictionaries, and published books of stories, teachings, and place names. For Vi, Lushootseed was a palpable presence in her own life and in the lives of all other concerned human beings. It was not something to “reduce to writing” or “analyze to death,” but something to be involved with, to listen to, and to live by. Born in 1918, Vi was the only child in her family to grow to adulthood. Her mother, Louise Bob Anderson, was vivacious, dramatic, hardworking, and generous. The father who raised her was Charlie Anderson, a logger who moved the family frequently. He was also a specialized carver and canoe maker, leading canoe-racing teams to victory. His canoe, the Question Mark, resides in a huge maritime museum in Virginia. To supplement the family income, her parents spent part of each spring and fall picking strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and potatoes. As Vi grew older, she worked beside them. At night, she would visit with her Aunt Susie Sampson Peter, the scholarly elder of Skagit culture. Aunt Susie was blind by this time, yet she picked, and picked clean, by feeling the berries on the bushes
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Vi Hilbert and her husband, Don, at their annual salmon bake. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.
assigned to her. In consequence, her hands would bristle with thorns at night. Vi would carefully remove them while listening to her aunt chat. For this kindness, Aunt Susie began to call Vi her daughter. Years later, these quiet moments listening to the elegant Skagit spoken by Aunt Susie took on special relevance when Vi began to transcribe and translate tape recording of her aunt made in the 1950s by Leon Metcalf. In 1967, Vi was talking with Louise George, a multilingual elder married to a Nooksack relative. Louise was praising highly the work of a nice young man she was helping to write down the Lushootseed language. That man was Thomas (Thom) Hess, who had been collecting data since 1961 for his University of Washington dissertation on the language. Vi watched intently as Hess and Louise listened to and wrote down sections of Louise’s Basket Ogress story. She realized that her own English was nuanced enough to provide better translations. Impelled by family honour and training, she agreed to work with Thom upon his promise to teach her to read and write Lushootseed.
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Vi converted her former hair salon into the Lushootseed “Brain Room” and concentrated on her new work. She and Thom wrote lesson plans for daily classes, a textbook, and then a dictionary and the first Haboo book (Hilbert 1985), traditional stories written down as they had been told. Vi used these materials in her fifteen years of teaching at the University of Washington, followed by two years at Evergreen College as the Evans Chair Scholar. Her dedication to Lushootseed became total. Those who worked with her soon learned that her momentum alone was sufficient to inspire and execute a range of activities. She was not just the source and motivator, she was also the sustainer. Over the years, every interested questioner has received food, shelter, therapy, money, and advice in the process of undertaking a project with her. Researchers are automatically included in family meals, outings, and activities, provided they gain Vi’s initial approval to begin research. Such judgments are based on an assessment of character, interest, sympathy, resolve, and, importantly, sense of humour and flexibility. In this way, beginning as a sensitive translator, Vi struck out on her own to fulfill her family’s expectations about the leadership role they had assumed for generations. She always deferred to her elders and ancestors, modestly claiming to do only the work they intended. When asked a question, she, as often as not, would respond not with what she herself knew, at least not initially, but rather with a citation to a text she had transcribed or translated. Before undertaking her own work, she decided to compile what had been done by earlier scholars working with her parents and other relatives. Doing so was not easy because she had to overcome academic suspicion, particularly on the part of Melville Jacobs, the maven of local Salish and Native linguistic research. She set up a non-profit corporation called Lushootseed Research, then established Lushootseed Press to publish much of the Leon Metcalf material in bilingual form, including the books Aunt Susie Sampson Peter (Hilbert 1995a) and “Gram” Ruth Sehome Shelton (Hilbert 1995b), as well as Haboo: Lushootseed Literature in English (Hilbert 2004). Holding the long view, Vi hoped that future generations would be able to access Lushootseed language and cultural information through her publications and archives. Realizing that printed matter had less appeal for Natives, she pushed on with Lushootseed Theater to preserve the stories in dramatic form and had some of them taped. Her last class teaching the language was also videotaped for posterity. Her dignified storytelling style developed over the years to take up more of her time, beginning with annual presentations from 1983 to 1987 at the National Association for the Preservation and Perpetuation of Storytelling at Jonesborough, Tennessee. Other invitations followed, taking her to Canada, England,
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Europe, and all over the United States. For the 1992 Quincentennial, she gathered elders and artists at the Seattle Art Museum and St. Mark’s Episcopal Cathedral to share Lushootseed traditions with a large and appreciative audience. In May 2006, the Seattle Orchestra performed the Healing Heart of Lushootseed Symphony, commissioned by Vi from composer Bruce Ruddell. She also advised on many local art projects, texts for the Seattle Art Museum, stamp art, and the ethnobotanical garden named for her at Seattle University. Vi’s awards include being named Washington State Living Treasure in 1989, the 1993 Nancy Blankenship Pryor Award for contributing “vision and time to the literary culture of Washington and the Northwest,” and an honorary PhD from Seattle University in 1994 for her “accomplishments as a language teacher, a storyteller, a translator, a researcher, and a traditional elder.” Also in 1994, First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton presented her with a National Heritage Award, which included a $10,000 fellowship and a place in the National Folk Arts Hall of Fame. Her life and work were featured in the television documentary Huchoosedah: Traditions of the Heart (KCTS/BBC Wales). At all times, she deferred to the recorded elders as the best teachers. When she finished a first draft of her efforts on a story or account, she visited living relatives of the speaker she had long known, probably as a playmate. She went over her work and asked for their help with difficult passages. When all were satisfied, she did a final draft and gave them a copy. In the case of the voluminous tapes by Aunt Susie, she went over each and every one with Martin Sampson, Aunt Susie’s son, who provided context and commentary for each translation, particularly valuable because it too is in the Native language. Currently, Martin’s own grandson, John, is basing his dissertation at Seattle University on her tapes. In all, only a Native speaker could have achieved this kind of nuanced translation and commentary. That Vi was also working with material from close relatives was a dividend resulting from the Native repute of the ancestors of her family. In particular, these relatives included the most famous of modern shamans, who lent his support to her efforts and helped to dampen any criticism from some segments of the Native community. Throughout her working life, Vi was acutely concerned with reintegrating her materials into the local Native community. Any family member of anyone she had on tape or paper was, she felt, entitled to a copy of the information from that ancestor. She called this “archiving” and, from a Native perspective, it is just that because it achieves a communal sharing of this knowledge. Some academics have also been privileged to receive such materials for archiving. In all cases, however, the decision to provide the material is based on a character assessment of that individual. People with the good sense and balanced perspective to know
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when and where to share such data have been the ones to receive it. By taking custody, they agree to talk or not talk about the information based on their assessment of the time, place, people, and attitudes involved. Since “a little knowledge is a dangerous thing,” the decision to archive with a person relies on judgments about that person’s discretion, particularly the absence of any character flaws that could lead to arrogance, possessiveness, a proprietary attitude, and so on. Vi passed away on the morning of 19 December 2008 at her home in LaConner, Washington, surrounded by her family. The region iced over, making travel treacherous, so the funeral was held a week after Christmas, when the thaw began as her remains were cremated. With her husband and son, she is buried beside her parents in a Nooksack cemetery. Vi’s papers are in the Special Collections at the University of Washington in Seattle. Her audio and video tapes are at the University of Washington Ethnomusicology Archives and can be accessed online at http://www.music.washington. edu/ethno/hilbert/collection.html. Jay Miller Lushootseed Research
“Lushootseed Elders” by Ron Hilbert. Top row: Edward (Hagan) and Ethel Sam, unknown woman, Martha Lamont. Middle row: Isadore Petius and Jackie Tom, Vi Hilbert, Louisa and Charlie Anderson, unknown man. Bottom row: Ruth Shelton; Charlie Anderson with Lois and Ron Hilbert, Susie Sampson Peter. Courtesy Lushootseed Research.
Abbreviations and Symbols
[] () ‿ = – • ♪
ˑ
1, 2, 3
ABS ACT ADD ADNM ALTV ATTN AUTO CLS CNN CNTRFG CNTRPT COLL CONJ CONT COORD CSMD
grammatical amendment phonological or contextual ellision two-part lexical item clitic boundary affix boundary lexical suffix boundary line from a song rhetorical lengthening first, second, third person absent activity additive adjunctive nominalizer allative applicative attenuative autonomous classifier connective centrifugal centripetal collective conjunction continuous coordinative causative middle
CTD DAT DC DIM DIM.EFF DIST DMA DSD DSTR ECS FEM FOC HAB HMN ICS IMP IMPL INCH INCRP INSTR INT INTJ INTNS IRR MAP MD
contained dative applicative diminished control diminutive diminished effectiveness distal demonstrative adverbial desiderative distributive external causative feminine focus habitual human internal causative imperative implement inchoative incorporative instrumental interrogative interjection intensivity irrealis middle applicative middle
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NEG NEGP NM NP NSPEC OBJ PASS PFV PL PO
PR PRLV PROC PROG PROP PROX PRPV PRTV
Abbreviations and Symbols
negative negative proclitic nominalizer nominalizing prefix non-specific object passive perfective plural possessive preposition prolative proclivative progressive propriative proximal purposive partitive
PTCL QTV RCP RDP REFL REM RLNL SBJ SBRD SCONJ SG SPEC SS STAT SUB TOBJ UNQ
particle quotative reciprocal reduplication reflexive remote/hypothetical relational subjunctive subordinate sentential conjunction singular specific secondary suffix stative subject topical object unique
Tellings from Our Elders
Volume 2: Tales from the Skagit Valley
Introduction
This volume is the second in a series dedicated to the presentation in analyzed form of Lushootseed traditional stories or syəyəhub. Where the first volume presents stories told in the Snohomish (sduhubš) dialect, here we offer syəyəhub told in the varieties of Lushootseed collectively known as Skagit (sqaǰət). Perhaps less familiar to some than Snohomish, Skagit was tirelessly promoted during her lifetime by the late Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert (1918–2008). An Upper Skagit Elder and a speaker of the Lower Skagit dialect, Mrs. Hilbert dedicated the later part of her life to the documentation and conservation of the Lushootseed language. Much of what has been preserved of Skagit comes from the interviews she recorded with her relatives and other Elders in the 1970s and 1980s. Additionally, she took upon herself the monumental task of transcribing the archived recordings of Lushootseed Elders, including speakers of Skagit and Upper Skagit varieties, made by Leon Metcalf (1899–1993) in the 1950s. Some of this material, including Susie Sampson Peter’s telling of “Star Child,” the opening text of this volume, has been published in parallel-text form (Hilbert 1995a, 1995b, 1995c) under the auspices of Lushootseed Research, an organization founded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1983. What has been published, however, represents only a fraction of what she was able to record and transcribe, and today there exist literally hundreds of pages of typescript texts, interviews, and songs, translated, formatted, and written in standard Lushootseed orthography with the help of another important figure of Northwest Coast linguistics, Thomas M. Hess (1936–2007). Dr. Hess began his work with Lushootseed as a graduate student at the University of Washington in the 1960s and spent most of his academic career working with communities up and down Puget Sound, documenting the language of their Elders.
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As much as for his academic work, Dr. Hess is remembered for his dedication to the maintenance and revitalization of the Lushootseed language. It was Thom Hess who developed the orthography used by the Lushootseed communities to this day, and it was he who taught it to Mrs. Hilbert in 1967, beginning a fruitful collaboration that spanned nearly four decades. The purpose of this volume is to continue the work of Mrs. Hilbert and Dr. Hess by offering a selection of traditional narratives drawn from the material that they compiled, each accompanied by full analysis, translation, and interlinear glosses. It is hoped that this collection will serve the purposes of linguists and other scholars, advanced learners, and teachers of the language, and that it will become an important part of the documentary record of the Lushootseed language as it was spoken by the final generation of Elders whose first and only early childhood language was Lushootseed. Language Lushootseed (dəxʷləšucid, also known as Puget Salish or Skagit-Nisqually) is the name given to the language of the indigenous peoples living in the Puget Sound basin, along the lower stretches of the Skagit and Samish River systems, on Whidbey Island, and on the eastern half of Fidalgo Island in northwest Washington State (Bates et al. 1994). Along with Twana, it forms the Southern branch of the Central Salish division of the Salishan language family (Kiyosawa and Gerdts 2010). The different varieties of the language constitute a dialect continuum, generally divided by linguists into two groups, Northern and Southern (Hess 1977), based on differences in lexical stress-patterns and the distribution of certain vocabulary and grammatical elements. The Southern varieties include Duwamish, Nisqually, Puyallup, Sahewamish, Skykomish, Snoqualmie, Squaxin, Suquamish, and Whulshootseed (Muckleshoot), while the Northern division encompasses Sauk-Suiattle, Skagit proper, Snohomish, Stillaguamish, Swinomish, and Upper Skagit. Although these divisions reflect the current situation in terms of recorded and extant speech varieties, in earlier times, before disruption by European contact and the redistribution of the population to reserves, dialectal differences could be used to identify individual villages and households (Bates et al. 1994). Currently, Lushootseed is the first language of probably fewer than a dozen Elders, although some varieties are being maintained as heritage languages through energetic revitalization programs. The term “Skagit” (sqaǰət) is loosely applied to the speech of all the communities located along the Skagit River and its tributaries, although the name sqaǰət originally referred more strictly to the speech of those living on the northern part of Whidbey Island in an area running from Snakelum Point to Crescent
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Harbour (Bates et al. 1994). Current discussions tend to divide the Skagit River dialects into Upper and Lower Skagit, the latter including the Lushootseed spoken at Swinomish (swədəbš), probably the best-documented of the Skagit varieties. This volume presents a selection of nine tales from eight speakers of both Upper and Lower Skagit; included are four tellings of the Star Child saga, a Lushootseed version of the pan–Northwest Coast story of how daylight was stolen, and four versions of the Basket Ogress legend. Texts The stories in this volume are all traditional tales, or syəyəhub, told by Skagit Elders. The first tale, “Star Child” by Susie Sampson Peter, was recorded in 1950 by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tapes 1 and 2) and represents one of the oldest and most complete tellings of this famous Lushootseed creation story. Following this are three more versions of the Star Child legend, one told by Dora Solomon and recorded in the 1970s by Mrs. Hilbert, and another told by Mary Willup to Leon Metcalf in 1954 (Metcalf tape 60A). The fourth version is that told by Harry Moses, recorded in 1952 by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 32A). Also from the Metcalf collection (Metcalf tape 22) is Harry Moses’ telling of “Stealing Daylight,” recorded the same year; a version of this text was first published in analyzed form in Hilbert and Hess 1977 and then subsequently appeared, along with an analysis of Mr. Moses’ version of “Star Child,” in Beck and Hess 2010. The remainder of the texts in this volume are different versions of the Basket Ogress story told by Louise Anderson (recorded by Pamela Amoss in 1955), Martin Sampson (recorded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1977), Dewey Mitchell (recorded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1980), and Alice Williams (recorded by Mrs. Hilbert in 1984). The multiple versions of the Basket Ogress legends (including the versions of Martha Lamont and Agnes James found in Volume 1) were originally intended for inclusion in a volume provisionally titled Once Is Not Enough. This volume was to have been a collaboration between Mrs. Hilbert and Thom Hess, the aim of which was to provide multiple tellings of the same story by different speakers or by the same speaker on different occasions. Sadly, the project never came to fruition, though it might be hoped that to some small extent their goals have been achieved by providing several of these stories together in the present volume. With the exception of Louise Anderson’s telling of “Basket Ogress” (which was transcribed by Thom Hess with the assistance of Mrs. Louise George), the recordings in this volume were all transcribed and translated in the first place by Vi Hilbert. These transcriptions and Mrs. Hilbert’s translations were then reviewed by Mrs. Hilbert and Thom Hess, corrected and adjusted, and finally
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transformed into clean typescript. The texts were then entered into a computer, most of them by Hess and a few by Beck. Hess’ original files were created in an ancient DOS-based word processor and later migrated by Beck into a more modern format and incorporated into an analytical database, which was then used to parse and produce the interlinearizations of the texts presented below. Many of the first versions of these analyses were checked by Hess, who contributed to the work as his health allowed until his passing in 2009. Presentation The analyzed texts are presented here in four-line interlinearized format: 1
ʔu, pukʷəb tiʔəʔ x̌ix̌payʔ ʔəst’əbš ʔu INTJ
pukʷəb tiʔəʔ x̌i–x̌payʔ pile PROX ATTN–red.cedar
‘Oh, the braided cedar piles up.’
transcription ʔas–t’əbš STAT–braid
parsing line analysis line full gloss
The first line presents a transcription of what is considered to be a single line of text based on prosodic and structural criteria. This was done on a largely informal basis according to what seemed intuitive to Mrs. Hilbert or Dr. Hess at the time of transcription (as opposed to having recourse to a hard-and-fast set of conventions based on syntactic structure), and the results are to some extent particular to each individual story. The original line breaks have for the most part been preserved here, although a few minor adjustments have been made and are reflected in the texts presented in this volume (see the discussion below). The orthography used in presenting these texts is that developed by Thom Hess and currently employed by the Tulalip Tribes and the Tulalip language program, as well as in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994), the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006), and most other printed materials. The alphabet, based on Americanist versions of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), employs 40 consonant symbols, given in Table 1 on the next page, and four vowels (a, ə, i, u), three of which have long and short forms (aa, ii, uu). In addition to these symbols, the half-triangular colon, “ ˑ ”, is used to indicate emphatic or rhetorical lengthening of vowels, a technique used by the storytellers for dramatic effect. Punctuation symbols such as periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation points are not used in the transcription lines. The only significant departure from the principle of phonemic spelling found in Lushootseed orthography is the treatment of the feminine forms of determiners and demonstratives such as tsi, tsiʔəʔ, or tsiʔiɬ. Phonemically, these are (in Lushootseed orthography) /ci/, /ciʔəʔ/, and /ciʔiɬ/, respectively; however,
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Table 1 Lushootseed consonants Bilabial
Alveolar
voiceless stops
p, p’
voiced stops
b, (b’)
Post-alveolar
Velar
Uvular
Glottal
t, t’
k, k’ kʷ, k’ʷ
q, q’ qʷ, q’ʷ
ʔ
d
g, gʷ
x̌ [χ] x̌ʷ [χʷ]
h
voiceless affricates
c [ts]
č [tʃ ]
voiced affricates
dᶻ [dz]
ǰ [dʒ]
lateral affricates
ƛ’ [tɬ’]
voiceless fricatives
s
lateral fricative
ɬ
approximants
l, l’
nasals
(m), (m’)
š [ʃ ]
xʷ
y, [j] y’ [ j’]
w, w’
(n), (n’)
( ) = rare phoneme or phoneme restricted to stylized speech [ ] = corresponding IPA symbol
contrast with the non-feminine forms (ti, tiʔəʔ, and tiʔiɬ) and between pairs such as kʷi ‘remote non-feminine’ and kʷsi ‘remote feminine’ reveals the presence of a morpheme -s- ‘feminine’. This is explicitly recognized in the orthography developed by Hess, which represents the initial /c/ phoneme of such forms as “ts,” and this practice is followed here. On the other hand, this volume does not continue Hess’ use of the final orthographic “h” with simple CV verbal radicals like ʔah ‘be there’ and qah ‘many’. This became part of standardized Lushootseed spelling in order to maintain a consistent CVC root pattern, but it is felt that here it might be misleading to those interested in the phonological and phonotactic patterns of the language. In other respects, the transcription practices here follow those of Hess, who chose to write words using a broadly morphophonemic transcription system that
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Introduction
gives words in a standardized spelling reflective of careful pronunciation, recognizing only those allophonic and allomorphic alternations that are considered sufficiently regular and rate-of-speech-independent. Contracted or prosodically reduced forms such as [tiiɬ] for tiʔiɬ ‘that’, [ciiɬ] for cədiɬ ‘s/he’, or [stəb] for stab ‘what’ are written consistently in their full, citation form. Careful listening will certainly reveal a range of phonological and prosodic effects that cause pronunciations to deviate from standardized forms, but representing these in the written texts runs the risk of making the words they represent impossible to identify. There is, however, one environment in which phonetic variation is recognized in the transcription. This is where phonological juncture has taken place in rapid speech between two words that, in careful speech, would be pronounced as two completely separate items, with the potential for pauses between them or for the presence of intervening words in slightly different syntactic contexts. An example of this can be seen in (2): 2
ɬuhaʔlid čəxʷ t(i) adʔibac ɬu=haʔɬ–i–t IRR=good–SS–ICS
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ti SPEC
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘You will comfort your grandchild.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 200] Instead of the full form of the noun phrase, ti adʔibac ‘your grandson’, what is heard in the recording here is [tadʔibac], the determiner ti being reduced to /t/ and pronounced as part of the following word. The full form of words pronounced in this way is maintained in the transcription in the interests of clarity in the syntactic analysis, and in recognition of the fact that the reduction of these forms is not absolutely consistent and is particular to rate of speech and specific prosodic environments. Unlike parentheses, which are not to be interpreted as “corrections” of the text, square brackets are used in the transcription lines to indicate grammatical amendments. Brackets are used to provide either: (a) missing grammatical markers or syntactic elements, the majority of which were added on the advice of the Elder working on the original transcription; or (b) repairs of words which were mispronounced due to slips of the tongue or rapid speaking. An example of the first type of amendment can be seen in (3): 3
ʔux̌ʷ [dxʷʔal] tsiʔəʔ šəbəd[s] ʔux̌ʷ go
dxʷ–ʔal
tsiʔəʔ
CNTRPT–at
PROX:FEM
šəbəd–s fish.trap–3PO
‘(The mother) goes to her fishtrap.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 206]
Introduction
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Here we see two amendments. The first is the addition of the preposition dxʷʔal ‘to, towards’, added by Mrs. Hilbert during transcription to clarify that the direction of the motion described by ʔux̌ʷ ‘go’ (normally a monovalent intransitive verb in any case) is towards the fishtrap. The second amendment is the addition of the third-person plural possessive suffix -s, again based on the intended meaning of the sentence as gleaned from context. Other (fewer) editorial amendments are motivated by purely grammatical considerations. Consider the sentence in (4): 4
ʔaɬx̌ad dəxʷʔahiləxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ [s]ləx̌ils ʔaɬx̌ad downstream
dəxʷ=ʔa–il=axʷ ADNM=be.there–INCH=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
s=ləx̌–il=s
DIST
NM=light–INCH=3PO
‘It is downstream where it becomes light.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 82] Here, the transcriber has added the nominalizing clitic s= to the verbform ləx̌il ‘get light out’. This is motivated both by the syntax of the sentence (the nominalization of the clause is an indicator of subordination) and by the fact that the word itself bears the third-person possessive enclitic =s, which marks agreement with a subject only for nominalizations and otherwise never appears on verbs. Another amendment motivated by grammatical considerations is seen in (5): 5
ʔuˑ kikəwič [tiʔəʔ] ʔuwiʔadəxʷ ʔu INTJ
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
tiʔəʔ
ʔu–wiʔa–t=axʷ
PROX
PFV–holler–ICS=now
‘Oh, the one who hollers is Little Hunchback.’ [Louise Anderson’s Basket Ogress, line 10] In this case, the addition of the determiner tiʔəʔ was made following the principle that the subject of the sentence, a “headless” relative clause based on the verb wiʔad ‘to holler’, requires a determiner. Such amendments are marked in this volume both to alert readers to discrepancies with what is heard in the recordings, and, of course, to leave open the possibility that the utterances as spoken were in fact correct, following grammatical patterns that have yet to be understood. The second motivation for adding material in brackets was mispronunciation, generally in the context of rapid speech, as in (6):
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[dxʷ]xʷƛ’alšəd čəd dxʷxʷƛ’alšəd prepare.cedar
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘I’ll prepare cedar.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 83] Here the word heard in the recording is [xʷƛ’alšəd], whereas Mrs. Hilbert recognized the form as the word dxʷxʷƛ’alšəd ‘prepare cedar’ and offered the full form by way of correction. It should be noted that in all the cases presented here, the amendments were made on the advice of the Elders working on the original transcriptions, as were the majority of amendments to the texts presented below, which are also found in other published versions of the same texts. In a very few (and only in absolutely uncontroversial) cases, further amendments have been added to transcriptions as part of the preparation of this volume. Brackets in this volume are also used to a limited extent where a mis-speaking has led to a contradictory or potentially confusing statement due to an error in lexical choice. This occurs, for example, in Dora Solomon’s telling of “Star Child,” as shown in (7): 7
xʷiʔ kʷi suǰəctxʷs kʷi gʷəɬ [stubš] saʔliʔɬ xʷiʔ kʷi
s=ʔu–ǰəc–txʷ=s
kʷi
gʷəɬ
NEG
NM=PFV–useful–ECS=3PO
REM
ASSC
REM
stubš s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ man NM=good•child
‘ “She will not use man’s speech to soothe the child.’ [Dora Solomon’s Star Child, line 100] Here, the word spoken on tape is sɬadəyʔ ‘woman’; however, in the context of the story it is clear that the injunction is against using man’s speech to the child (in order to disguise its masculine gender). The failure of the character being addressed to follow through on the injunction is central to the story, so the misspeaking is corrected to avoid potential confusion. Following the transcription, a line containing a full parsing of the words in the first line into morphological units in a full or underlying form is presented, using the following conventions: – • = ‿
affix-boundary lexical suffix boundary clitic boundary two-part lexical item
Introduction
11
For the purposes of the analysis below, an affix (marked by “–”) is considered a bound element with a grammatical meaning (derivational or inflectional) that is a morphological component of the lexeme or the inflected wordform to which it is attached. Example (8) below shows the word ʔuɬik’ʷtəb ‘has been kidnapped’ broken down into its radical, ɬik’ʷ- ‘hooked’, a derivational suffix, -t ‘internal causative’, and two inflectional affixes, ʔu- ‘perfective’ and -b ‘passive’: 8
ʔuɬik’ʷtəb ʔə kʷi tul’q’xʷulgʷədxʷ ʔu–ɬik’ʷ–t–b ʔə PFV–hooked–ICS–PASS PR
kʷi
tul’–q’x•ulgʷədxʷ
REM
CNTRFG–upstream•land
‘He has been kidnapped by those from the upriver area.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 123] Grammatical affixes such as these are treated as distinct from lexical suffixes (marked by “•”), which are bound elements that for the most part have what are traditionally thought of as more lexical meanings (generally, the translationequivalents of English nouns). In (8), we also see the lexical suffix •ulgʷədxʷ ‘land’ added to the root q’x ‘upstream’, forming a word meaning ‘land or area upstream’. Lexical suffixes are a well-known feature of Salishan languages (Czaykowska-Higgins and Kinkade 1998), as well as of other language families of the Pacific Northwest (Kinkade et al. 1998). In Lushootseed, they are often only recognizable in words as fossilized elements, but even in non-compositional uses they are parsed here, whenever possible, for their etymological interest. In contrast to affixes, which are part of the morphological makeup of words, clitics (indicated by “=”) are elements that are phonologically bound to a word without making up part of that word’s morphological structure. Lushootseed has, in fact, a very large number of clitics. Some of them have been traditionally identified as affixes, but these can be distinguished from true affixes on syntactic grounds, based on (a) their ability to combine with words of a variety of lexical classes, and (b) the fact that their distribution is determined by syntactic rather than morphological criteria. The first of these properties can be seen in (9): 9
ɬuhuyudəxʷ čəɬ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷhuy ʔə kʷi ɬudəxʷlaqəxʷ ɬuʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬu=huyu–t=axʷ IRR=made–ICS=now
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
tiʔəʔ PROX
ɬu=dəxʷ=huyu ʔə IRR=ADNM=made PR
kʷi REM
ɬu=dəxʷ=laq=axʷ ɬu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ IRR=ADNM=behind=now IRR=people
‘ “We will do what will be done for those people who will come after us.” ’ [Dora Solomon’s Star Child, line 337]
12
Introduction
In this example, we see the modal clitic ɬu= ‘irrealis’ repeated on four elements belonging to three different parts of speech: a finite verb (huyud ‘make something’), two nominalized verbs (dəxʷhuy ‘be made for’ and dəxʷlaq ‘be behind’), and a noun (ʔaciɬtabixʷ ‘people’). The iteration of the modal clitics seen here is a not-uncommon feature in the narratives below. The second property, the syntactic regulation of clitics, follows in part from their independence from the morphological structure of the words that they attach to phonologically, and results in patterns such as that in (10): 10
ʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəx̌ʷul’ ɬadəyʔlucidbid ʔəx̌id what.happened
kʷi REM
ad=dəxʷ=x̌ʷul’ 2SG.PO=ADNM=just
ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
‘ “Why don’t you just call him a girl child?’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 226] This sentence contains a clause, x̌ʷul’ ɬadəyʔlucidbid ‘s/he just calls him/her a girl child’, subordinated with the nominalizing proclitic dəxʷ=. However, rather than being attached to the verb (ɬadəyʔlucid ‘call someone a girl child’), dəxʷ= attaches itself to the preverbal adverb x̌ʷul’ ‘only’, as does the second-person proclitic ad=, which marks subject agreement for the nominalized clause – in other words, both the nominalizer and the subject inflection appear on the adverb rather than the verb. Lushootseed grammar requires that these two clitics appear on the first full lexical item of the clause, not on the verb whose nominalization they mark and whose subject they agree with. This shows that the placement of these two elements is sensitive to syntactic, rather than morphological, restrictions. A further point to note here is that clitics of this type, which are consistently left- or right-leaning (and display templatic ordering properties with respect to each other – see Hess 1995 for discussion), are treated differently from clitics of another type, sentence-second clitics, which are, in phonological terms, either left- or right-leaning depending on prosodic context (Beck 1999). For example, in the following two sentences from Volume 1, the first-person subject clitic čəd in (11) is, in phonological terms, an enclitic on the preceding word, whereas in (12) it is a proclitic attached to the word that follows: 11
tuyəcəbtubčd ʔə tiʔiɬ tudyəl’yəlab tu=yəc–b–txʷ–b=čəd PAST=report–MD–ECS–PASS=1SG.SUB
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
tu=d–yəl’–yəlab PAST=1SG.PO–DSTR–elder
‘I was told by my forebears.’ [Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 3]
Introduction
12
13
ʔuˑ tux̌ʷ čdʔuʔibibəš ʔu INTJ
tux̌ʷ just
čəd=ʔu–ʔib–ibəš 1SG.SUB=PFV–DIM.EFF–travel
‘ Oh, I’m just pacing back and forth.’ [Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 18] Clitics of this type (which include the matrix-clause subject markers, the interrogative marker, and particles expressing speaker attitude) are written as independent lexical items in standard Lushootseed orthography, and this practice is maintained here for clarity’s sake. The fourth notation used in interlinear analysis is the undertie (‿), which is used to join the two-part lexical item x̌əɬ ti ‘seemingly’ when it appears on the parsing line to make it clear that both words jointly correspond to a single gloss on the analysis line: 13
tiˑləbəxʷ x̌əɬ ti ʔusaʔsxʷəb tiʔəʔ kikəwič tiləb=axʷ x̌əɬ‿ti ʔu–saʔ–sxʷəb immediately=now seemingly PFV–ATTN–run
tiʔəʔ PROX
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘Right then it seems that Little Hunchback had scurried off.’ [Louise Anderson’s Basket Ogress, line 95] Although the two elements taken together have a single meaning and they are pronounced as a single phonological unit when adjacent, they cannot be treated as a single word because clitics such as =axʷ ‘now’ can intervene between them, as seen in the following example from Volume 1: 14
x̌əɬəxʷ ti ʔəst’ugʷud əlgʷəʔ x̌əɬ=axʷ‿ti seemingly=now
ʔas–t’ukʷu–t əlgʷəʔ STAT–measure–ICS PL
‘It seems they sort of deciphered it.’ [The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 466] x̌əɬ occurs in one or two instances on its own with the gloss of the whole expression, suggesting that ti is an “empty” element; however, rather than leaving it unglossed (or glossing it redundantly as ‘seemingly’), the undertie has been adopted to mark explicitly the dependency between x̌əɬ and ti. Affixes and clitics that are identified and segmented out in the parsing line are represented in their full or underlying form, rather than in the contextualized
14
Introduction
form that appears in the transcription line. Thus, for instance, the diminished control suffix -dxʷ (DC) in (15) and (16) has two different forms in the transcription lines but a single form in the two parsing lines: 15
ƛ’ubəxʷ čəd ɬudxʷsaydxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now
čəd 1SG.SUB
ɬu=dxʷs–hay–dxʷ IRR=CTD–known–DC
‘ “I should find out.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 34] 16
tiləb ʔuhaydub ʔə tiʔəʔ t’ət’əwaʔs tiləb immediately
ʔu–hay–dxʷ–b PFV–known–DC–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
t’ət’əwaʔs star
‘Right away it was known by the star.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 30] In the first example, the suffix comes at the end of a phonological word (ɬudxʷsaydxʷ) and has its basic form, -dxʷ, whereas in (16) it undergoes a regular morphophonological alternation (-dxʷ → -du) when followed by the passive suffix in the form (ʔuhaydub), an alternation that is made explicit by maintaining the underlying representation of the suffix in the parsing line. Similar treatment is given to epenthetic segments such as that shown by the first word in the sentence in (17): 17
šušɬbitəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ ɬuʔaɬx̌adəs šu–šɬ–bi–t–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ ATTN–see–MAP–ICS–PASS=now DIST
ɬu=ʔaɬx̌ad=as IRR=downstream=3SBJ
‘They watch for him to come downstream.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 81] Example (17) illustrates vowel-epenthesis typical of the sequence of suffixes -t ‘internal causative’ + -b ‘passive’. The schwa here is, strictly speaking, not part of either suffix, nor is it itself a suffix: its only function is to separate the two affixes, and as a meaningless phonological element it is not included in the morphological breakdown of the word. Similarly, the sentence in (18) shows the use of the epenthetic /h/ to avoid hiatus (a sequence of vowels, each in its own syllable):
Introduction
18
15
ʔahəxʷ t(i) adsəsʔəq’dagʷəl ʔa=axʷ ti be.there=now SPEC
ad=s=ʔas–ʔəq’–t–agʷəl 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–open–ICS–RCP
‘ “You have a visitor.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 980] This type of epenthesis can be found throughout the text, though to my knowledge it has not been commented on in the literature, underlining the primary reason for using “full” forms in the morphological analyses: our current understanding of Lushootseed morphophonemics is at best sketchy, and using this type of representation makes explicit the contrasts and alternations that will have to be accounted for in a complete Lushootseed morphophonology. A similar practice is followed with verbal radicals, which can be divided into different classes depending on the forms they take in various contexts. One common class of radical appears in simple CVC form in most contexts but appears in CVCV form in certain others, as shown in (19) and (20):1 19
diɬəxʷ shuys tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ syəyəhub diɬ=axʷ s=huyu=s tiʔiɬ FOC=now NM=made=3PO DIST
dəč’uʔ one
syəyəhub legend
‘That is the end of one story.’ [Alice Williams’ Basket Ogress, line 145] 20
huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəsgʷədils huyu–t=axʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–gʷəd–il=s made–ICS=now PROX IRR=ADNM=STAT–down–INCH=3PO
‘She makes something to sit on.’ [Susie Sampson Peter’s Star Child, line 89] In the first sentence, the radical huy(u) ‘be made’ appears in its CVC form, while in the second it appears in CVCV form. Because the “extra” vowel in the longer form is unpredictable, the radical is always given in CVCV form in the parsing line. Most CVCV roots are presented as head words in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994) in the form CVC(V). Another class of verbal radicals varies between CC and CəC forms, depending on the stem in which it appears. One common radical of this class is šq ‘be high’:
Here, “C” means any consonant and “V” means any vowel.
1
16
21
Introduction
tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tul’–šq PAST=descend–ICS–REFL CNTRFG–high
‘She came down from above.’ [Dora Solomon’s Star Child, line 5] 22
xʷiʔ gʷəsəšqil ʔə ɬukʷaɬ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔas–šq–il
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–high–INCH
ʔə PR
ɬukʷaɬ sun
‘The sun cannot rise high.’ [Mary Willup’s Star Child, line 112] For this class of radical, the presence or absence of the schwa (ə) in the word is conditioned by the suffix that follows it – specifically, whether or not there is a stressable (non-schwa) vowel in the suffix: if there is none, the radical appears in CəC form (that is, has an epenthetic schwa); if the suffix has a vowel, the radical appears in CC form.2 This pattern can be understood only if the basic CC form of the radical is given in the parsing line. Because one of the aims of this collection is to represent the full grammatical and morphological structure of the language, the level of analysis presented in the parsing line leans a little more towards etymology than might be useful for native speakers – that is to say, words are broken down as far as possible into their analyzable constituent morphemes, rather than being broken down only insofar as they are semantically compositional. Thus, for example, dukʷil ‘be supernatural’ is analyzed as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -il ‘inchoative’, dukʷud ‘put a spell on someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -t ‘internal causative’, and dukʷtxʷ ‘get angry at someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -txʷ ‘external causative’. There are two reasons for this choice. The first is that, from a linguist’s perspective, this makes it easy to identify the various meanings and uses that the root and the accompanying affixes have in these texts. The second is that, although the normal place for this kind of etymological analysis is in lexicographical materials, the existing dictionaries of Lushootseed (Hess 1976; Bates et al. 1994) are intended for pedagogical purposes and do not always contain explicit analyses of words. In some cases, where overanalysis is judged simply to be too confusing or to reflect completely non-productive derivational processes, morphologically complex words are left unanalyzed. This is particularly true for common nouns which Note that this class of radical is not consistently recognized in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994) and several radicals in this class, like šq, are cited in their CəC forms. It should also be noted that the CəC form of some of these radicals appears when combined with a few (but not all) lexical suffixes where the prosodic rule would predict the CC form.
2
Introduction
17
are analyzable but non-compositional, such as q’il’bid ‘canoe’, which is etymologically composed of q’il(i) ‘be aboard vehicle’ and -bid ‘implement’. Likewise, words that are not completely analyzable are presented as undivided wholes, even where some of the constituent parts do appear to be identifiable. Thus, we have words such as x̌aƛ’alap ‘steer with paddle’, which appears to contain the lexical suffix •alap ‘hip’ but whose root is not known. This is especially common practice for words containing what appear to be fossilized middle -b suffixes, such as saxʷəb ‘jump’ and qʷšaab ‘be foggy’, and for the many nouns beginning with what appears to be (or to have been) the lexical nominalizing prefix s- but whose roots are no longer attested as independent verbal elements. Following the morphological segmentation, an aligned morphological analysis of each component identified in the previous line is given using a standardized set of abbreviations and glosses for radicals and other lexical items. The abbreviations used are those being developed in the Lushootseed reference grammar currently underway (Beck, in progress), for which this set of interlinearized texts was initially produced. These abbreviations are given in a table at the beginning of the book, and the terminology behind them is defined informally in the glossary at the end of this volume in terms that, it is hoped, will be helpful to the non-specialist. Lexical glosses are as far as possible drawn from a standardized set such that every instance of a particular radical or unanalyzed lexical item is the same for every attestation of that word. The motivations for this are the same as for erring on the side of etymological analysis. In cases where the use of a standardized gloss is felt to be too distorting (e.g., if it makes it too difficult to identify the source in the analysis line of a particular meaning in the full gloss), more context-appropriate glosses are used. The final line presents a full gloss or approximate English translation. Unlike previous presentations of Lushootseed texts in the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006) or in Bierwert 1996, the English glosses here do not lean towards presenting the content of the utterance in the most idiomatic, registerequivalent manner: instead, the glosses used lean the other way, towards reflecting the actual syntactic structure of the Lushootseed, insofar as this is possible in an intelligible English sentence. This means that some of the glosses offered may occasionally sound stilted (as opposed to the glosses in the Readers, which maintain a colloquial style more reflective of the flavour of the original narrative). It is hoped that having more isomorphic English glosses will make the grammatical structure of the line more obvious to English-speaking (or Englishdominant) readers.3 An example of this is the treatment of the passive voice, whose See Bierwert 1996, 24–39, for a discussion of a more literary approach to the same material.
3
18
Introduction
discourse functions in Lushootseed are markedly different from those in English (Beck 2000). As a result, passive clauses in the Lushootseed Readers are generally glossed in the active voice in the interests of more natural-sounding English, whereas here passives are glossed in the English passive voice, except where the corresponding English verb does not have a comprehensible passive form. While no attempt was made to match the grammatical aspect of the Lushootseed sentences in the English translations, the translations do match in tense (departing from the practice in the Readers of narrating the stories consistently in the past tense, following standard English storytelling conventions). Since the Lushootseed stories are narrated in the present tense, I have (wherever possible) adopted the convention of glossing the habitual ƛ’u= as ‘always’ or ‘usually’, rather than as the past tense habitual ‘would’ used in the Readers. Finally, I have opted for using a fairly rigid translation of the sentential conjunctions hay ‘so’, huy ‘then’, and gʷəl ‘and’ that introduce so many of the lines in these narratives. Although this has resulted in some odd-sounding English glosses, the dissonance created by the practice is, as noted by Bierwert (1996, 27), an open invitation to further investigation of the role that these elements play in narrative structure. Unlike the translations in the Readers and in Bierwert 1996, the translations here do not make any attempt to maintain the deictic distinctions encoded in the complex Lushootseed system of demonstratives and determiners. One reason for this is that the Lushootseed system reflects so many non-English categories that any attempt to paraphrase would create unwieldy noun phrases (e.g., ‘the specific non-female one near to the speaker’) that receive far more “weight” in the English translation than they have in the Lushootseed original. Another reason is that deictic distinctions (particularly between tiʔəʔ ‘proximate’ and tiʔiɬ ‘distal’) are used for reference-tracking and topic-continuity in ways that they are not in English, and directly translating the Lushootseed determiners in the English translation introduces spurious spatial distinctions (referring to someone as “that person” because they are non-topical when they are actually spatially close to the action and to topical characters referred to as “this person”) or contrasts in definiteness that are not reflective of the original (definiteness not being a category of Lushootseed grammar). Another departure from the practice in the Readers is that glosses no longer contain contextual information about the utterance (added by Hess to help students follow the storyline). Only information that is contained in the utterance itself is included in glosses. Additional material in translations included in parentheses represents either understood but elided arguments of sentence predicates, or – where absolutely necessary – the names
Introduction
19
of third persons expressed by zeros or ambiguous pronominal elements. The motivations for taking this approach are the same as those for opting for isomorphic structural glosses. As with the transcriptions, the translations used in this volume do not always correspond exactly to the translations found in previous published versions of the texts. In a very few cases, these differences result from the reinterpretation, based on grammatical reanalysis, of sentences or phrases. Because these texts were originally transcribed with the help of an Elder native-speaker, this practice was avoided whenever possible; however, there are places where it seems clear that the Elder’s translation was either intended to be more explanatory than literal, or that the difficulty of translating the Lushootseed sentence into a fluent-sounding English sentence led to some reformulation of content. Because the texts in this volume include back-and-forth and conversational exchanges between the storyteller and others present during the telling, there are cases where translations are prefixed with the name or initials of the person speaking – either an interlocutor making an intervention or the storyteller responding to such an interjection or resuming the narrative. The first time an individual makes an interjection, that individual’s full name is used (e.g., “Vi Hilbert”); subsequent interjections are marked by that person’s initials (e.g., “VH”). Acknowledgments It goes without saying that a volume of this type could not have been put together without the efforts of many other people. First and foremost are those who were involved in the creation and recording of the texts themselves – Susie Sampson Peter, Dora Solomon, Mary Sampson Willup, Harry Moses, Alice Williams, Louise Anderson, Dewey Mitchell, and Martin Sampson. Vi Hilbert, Leon Metcalf, and Pamela Amoss also deserve credit for making the recordings from which the stories in this volume are drawn. I’d also like to acknowledge the support of Lushootseed Research. Jay Miller has been exceptionally helpful in providing a preface and the biographical materials on the storytellers and helping to locate photographs and sketches of the storytellers; he also deserves profuse thanks for his good advice on many other matters. Jill La Pointe provided family photos of her grandmother and great-grandmother and other relatives and friends. Thanks also to Theresa Trebon of the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community for biographies of Mary Willup, Martin Sampson, and Dewey Mitchell, and for the photographs of Mrs. Willup, Mr. Mitchell, and the young Martin Sampson. Barbara Brotherton was also kind enough to assist us in finding the picture of Alice Williams. I am grateful to Bruce Miller for discussing this project with the
20
Introduction
Upper Skagit, Swinomish, and Sauk-Suiattle communities. Darcy Cullen and UBC Press also deserve credit for their adaptability as we moved along the road to final publication. Credit and appreciation for the recording and transcription of most of the stories in this volume are due to Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, without whose valiant efforts as a collector of texts, a native-speaker transcriber, and a translator these invaluable stories might have remained forever inaccessible. My late co-author, Thom Hess, deserves much credit for the refinement of the written material and its presentation in this volume, for providing valuable assistance and feedback on the analyses up to his death in 2009. My own interest and what modicum of understanding I have of how the language works flows directly from Thom, and, although his failing health prevented him from participating as energetically as he’d have liked in the final stages of this collaborative project, I’d like to think that he’d be pleased with the final results. David Beck
1 gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter c. 1863–1961
Susie Sampson Peter. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ was born in 1863 near Marblemount, Washington, the eldest of seven children of pačtalo and sbaqʷabaʔl’, a well-known shaman called “Dr. Bailey” or “Billy” in English. At the age of two months, she was baptized at Tulalip as “Mary,” but later was given the nickname “Susie,” which is the English name that stuck with her for most of her life. As a respected storyteller and custodian of Lushootseed cultural heritage and tradition, she become known to many as “Aunt Susie” and the recordings we have of her voice made by Leon Metcalf in the 1950s are among the richest and most authentic records we have of the very oldest of oral traditions. While growing up, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ spoke a conservative, elevated dialect of the Skagit language and was taught traditional skills such as mat and basket
Biographical material drawn from Hilbert 1985, 1995a.
22
Chapter 1
Susie Sampson Peter and her son Alfonso with an unknown child. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.
weaving by her mother’s aunt. At the age of ten, she was sent by her family to quest for spirit powers on Smith Island, off the northwest shore of Whidbey Island. Most of her early life was spent around Hamilton on the Skagit River. As a young woman, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ learned Chinook Jargon so she could work as a housekeeper for white families, earning 25 cents a day, but she never learned to speak English. In her early twenties, she married Joseph “Sam” Sampson, with whom she had two children, Martin (ʔalataɬ, born 1888) and Alfonso (Al, born 1894); it is believed that they had at least three other children, about whom nothing is known. Following the death of Joseph Sampson, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ married William Peter and helped to raise his three children, Richard, Lavinia, and Elizabeth. In 1916, while working in Chilliwack, British Columbia, she first attended a service of the Indian Shaker Church, which she joined a year later. Throughout her life gʷəqʷulc’əʔ built for herself a reputation as an unmatched storyteller and guardian of traditional cultural practices and values; on 1 July 1921, however, her second brother, James, who had followed in his father’s footsteps and become a shaman, was murdered by the relatives of one of his patients who had died. The same thing had happened to their father, so gʷəqʷulc’əʔ urged her own children not to follow the ancient traditions to avoid the same fate. Instead, her eldest son, Martin, became a Catholic and graduated from Hampton Institute, Virginia.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
23
Towards the end of her life, gʷəqʷulc’əʔ became blind and went to live with Martin in Tacoma. Even at an advanced age, she continued to tell syəyəhub for her children, grandchildren, friends, and family, and she was often heard sitting on her own, repeating the stories for herself to keep them fresh in her mind. gʷəqʷulc’əʔ passed away in 1961, at the age of ninety-eight. We are especially privileged to be able to include a story from Mrs. Peter in this collection, both because her telling of the Star Child legend is the longest and most complete extant telling of this foundational syəyəhub, and because her speech represents that of the generation prior to the majority of the other storytellers included in this work. The reader will note many more unglossed items in the interlinear analyses and references to place names and hints at cultural practices that have been lost in time.
24
Star Child
Star Child
as told by Susie Sampson Peter1
1
həbuʔ, sk’ʷuyɬ, həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
sk’ʷuy–aɬ mother–DIM
həbuʔ haboo
Alfonso Sampson: ‘Haboo, Mother, haboo.’2 2
həbuˑʔ həbuʔ haboo
Susie Sampson Peter: ‘Haboo.’ 3
ʔuˑ tacuxʷiʔxʷiʔ tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ləcu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ PAST=CONT–forage
tiʔəʔ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
PROX
PL–woman
‘Oh, the women were foraging for food.’ 4
dəbəɬ sƛ’aʔ dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
sƛ’aʔ nobility
‘They belong to the upper class.’ 5
[sə]sa[ʔ]liʔ təlixʷ suʔsuq’ʷaʔ səsaʔliʔ two:HMN
təlixʷ suʔ–suq’ʷaʔ blood.siblings ATTN–younger.sibling
‘They are two sisters.’ 6
1
2
ləcuč’aʔad əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ, stabəs kʷi sdaʔs ʔal gʷəɬ pastəd ləcu–č’aʔ–t
əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ
skʷiʔxʷ
CONT–dig–ICS
PL
fern.root what=3SBRD
PROX
stab=as
kʷi
sdaʔ–s
REM
name–3PO
Recorded by Leon Metcalf on 13 December 1950 (Metcalf tapes 1 and 2) with Susie Sampson Peter, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert in 1981. Preliminary interlinear analysis by Dane Richards. This expression is an exhortative used to encourage storytellers to begin or continue a story; in line 2, it is used by the storyteller herself to begin the telling.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
ʔal at
25
gʷəɬ pastəd ASSC white.person
‘They are digging for fern roots, whatever the white man’s name for it is.’ 7
č’aʔad əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ č’aʔ–t dig–ICS
əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PL
PROX
skʷiʔxʷ fern.root
‘They dig up fern roots.’ 8
gʷəl ƛ’ušaˑbšabəb gʷəl
ƛ’u=šab–šab–b
SCONJ
HAB=DSTR–dry–MD
‘And always dry them.’ 9
x̌ʷul’ buusəɬdat tiʔəʔ sč’aʔəbs əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ x̌ʷul’ buus•əɬ•dat just four•CLS•day tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ
s=č’aʔ–b=s
PROX
NM=dig–MD=3PO
əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ PR PROX fern.root
PL
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
‘They dig ferns for four days, these women.’ 10
gʷəl ɬax̌iličəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬax̌–il•ič=axʷ darkness–INCH•covering=now
‘And it got dark.’ 11
gʷəl ɬax̌iličəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬax̌–il•ič=axʷ əlgʷəʔ darkness–INCH•covering=now PL
‘And it got dark on them.’ 12
huy, k’ʷik’ʷəqəxʷ əlgʷəʔ, tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ huy SCONJ
k’ʷi–k’ʷəq=axʷ ATTN–lie.on.back=now
‘Then, the women lie down.’
əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
PL
PL–woman
PROX
26
13
Star Child
tiˑləb ʔucut t[s]iʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’ tiləb immediately
ʔu–cut
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
PFV–say
ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old
‘Right away, the older one says,’ 14
ʔuˑ, diɬəxʷ (h)aʔɬ tiʔiɬ stububš ʔu INTJ
diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
haʔɬ good
tiʔiɬ
stub–ubš
DIST
PL–man
‘ “Oh, aren’t those nice men?’ 15
haʔɬ tiʔəʔ stububš gʷəsč’isč’istxʷ čəɬ haʔɬ good
tiʔəʔ
stub–ubš PL–man
PROX
gʷə=s=č’is–č’istxʷ SBJ=NM=DSTR–husband
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “Wouldn’t they make good husbands for us?’ 16
gʷasʔuləx̌tubuɬ kʷədaʔ gʷə=s=ʔuləx̌–txʷ–buɬ SBJ=NM=gather–ECS–1PL.OBJ
kʷədaʔ PTCL
‘ “Would they maybe take us?’ 17
gʷəgʷəɬ tsi dəgʷi tiʔiɬ ʔəsčcalus gʷə=gʷəɬ SBJ=ASSC
tsi SPEC:FEM
dəgʷi you
tiʔiɬ
ʔas–čc•alus
DIST
STAT–red•colour
‘ “The red one would be yours,” ’ 18
tux̌ʷ p’aƛ’aƛ’ sǰuʔcut tux̌ʷ just
p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless
s=ǰuʔ–t–sut NM=enjoy–ICS–REFL
‘It’s just a little joke.’ 19
gʷəl dsgʷaʔ tiʔiɬ dxʷqʷq’ʷalus gʷəl SCONJ
d–sgʷaʔ 1SG.PO–one’s.own
tiʔiɬ
dxʷ–qʷq’ʷ•alus
DIST
CTD–white•colour
‘ “And the white one would be mine.” ’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
20
27
ʔa, ʔəsləqtəb ʔə tiʔəʔ čusəd, t’it’ət’əwaʔs ʔa be.there
ʔas–ləq–t–b STAT–listen–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
čusəd star
t’i–t’ət’əwaʔs ATTN–star
‘They are being listened to by the stars, these little stars.’ 21
x̌ʷul’ ʔuʔitʔitut x̌ʷul’ ʔu–ʔit–ʔitut just PFV–DSTR–sleep
‘The women just go to sleep,’ 22
gʷəl ʔukʷəduˑptub gʷəl
ʔu–kʷəd•dup–txʷ–b
SCONJ
PFV–take•COLL–ECS–PASS
‘And they are gathered up.’ 23
gʷəl ʔuʔux̌ʷtub dxʷšqulgʷədxʷ gʷəl
ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b
dxʷ–šqulgʷədxʷ
SCONJ
PFV–go–ECS–PASS
CNTRPT–sky
‘And they are taken up to the sky.’ 24
ʔaˑ gʷəl ləkʷačil ʔa be.there
gʷəl
lə=kʷačil
SCONJ
PROG=dawn
‘They are there and it became morning.’ 25
ʔušudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ stububš ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ PFV–see–DC=now
əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ
stub–ubš
PL
PL–man
PROX
‘Now they see the men.’ 26
tiˑləb ʔudᶻilitəb ʔə tsi qəp tiʔəʔ sč’istxʷils tiləb ʔu–dᶻili–t–b immediately PFV–reject–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsi SPEC:FEM
qəp tiʔəʔ foolish PROX
s=sč’istxʷ–il=s NM=husband–INCH=3PO
‘Right away the foolish one rejects the one who was to become her husband.’
28
27
Star Child
sqəbibas kʷaʔ xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ sqəbibas even.so
kʷaʔ
xʷiʔ
lə=haʔɬ
PTCL
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “Even so, but he’s no-good,’ 28
ʔuˑ saʔəxʷ kʷi dsk’ʷaɬəlucid ʔu INTJ
saʔ=axʷ bad=now
kʷi
d=s=k’ʷaɬa•l•us–t–sid 1SG.PO=NM=examine•CNN•face–ICS–2SG.OBJ
REM
‘ “Oh, I don’t want to have to be looking at his face.’ 29
haʔɬ ti sč’istxʷ ʔə ts(i) dsk’ʷuyaʔ haʔɬ good
ti SPEC
sč’istxʷ husband
ʔə PR
tsi SPEC:FEM
d–sk’ʷuyaʔ 1PO–dear.girl
‘ “But the husband of my dear sister is good.” ’ 30
tiləb ʔuhaydub ʔə tiʔəʔ t’ət’əwaʔs tiləb immediately
ʔu–hay–dxʷ–b PFV–known–DC–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
t’ət’əwaʔs star
‘Right away it was known by the star.’ 31
ʔuʔəx̌idəxʷ tiʔiɬ adəxʷdᶻilic ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ tiʔiɬ ad=dəxʷ=dᶻili–t–s PFV–what.happened=now DIST 2SG.PO=ADNM=reject–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “Why do you reject me?’ 32
gʷəl tux̌ʷ čəxʷ tubəhiq’ʷabic gʷəl SCONJ
tux̌ʷ čəxʷ just 2SG.SUB
tu=bə=hiq’ʷa–bi–t–s PAST=ADD=desire–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “And you chose at first to admire me?’ 33
adsgʷaʔ adx̌əč tashiq’ʷabic ad–sgʷaʔ ad–x̌əč tu=ʔas–hiq’ʷa–bi–t–s 2SG.PO–one’s.own 2SG.PO–mind PAST=STAT–desire–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “It was your own idea to desire me.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
34
29
adsgʷaʔ ad–sgʷaʔ 2SG.PO–one’s.own
‘ “It is yours.” ’ 35
xʷiʔ gʷəsgʷəgʷadəd ʔə tsiʔəʔ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=gʷə–gʷad–t
NEG
SBJ=NM=ATTN–talk–ICS
ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM
‘She didn’t say anything.’ 36
huy, bəciqʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
bə=ciqʷ=axʷ ADD=dig.roots=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Then they go digging again.’ 37
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 38
bəciˑqʷ tiʔiʔəʔ bə=ciqʷ tiʔ–iʔəʔ ADD=dig.roots PL–PROX
SSP: ‘They dig again.’ 39
gʷəl qəl’qəlil kʷədiʔ sxʷiʔxʷiʔs gʷəl
qəl’–qəlil
kʷədiʔ
s=xʷiʔxʷiʔ=s
SCONJ
DSTR–become.many
REM.DMA
NM=forage=3PO
‘And they have lots (of roots).’ 40
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
30
41
Star Child
ʔa ʔəsdukʷ tiʔəʔ x̌əč̌əč[s] ʔa be.there
ʔas–dukʷ
tiʔəʔ
x̌əč–əč–s
STAT–abnormal
PROX
DIM.EFF–mind–3PO
SSP: ‘She is unhappy in her mind there.’ 42
ʔa ʔəsdukʷ ʔa be.there
ʔas–dukʷ STAT–abnormal
‘She is unhappy there.’ 43
xʷiʔ gʷəsx̌aƛ’txʷs tiʔiɬ stubš xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=x̌aƛ’–txʷ=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=like–ECS=3PO
tiʔiɬ stubš man
DIST
‘She does not like this man.’ 44
diɬ kʷi sdᶻidᶻihiʔs diɬ
kʷi
s=dᶻidᶻihiʔ=s
FOC
REM
NM=be.pregnant=3PO
‘She is pregnant.’ 45
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 46
dᶻidᶻihiˑʔəxʷ tsiʔəʔ dᶻidᶻihiʔ=axʷ be.pregnant=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
SSP: ‘She is pregnant now.’
47
gʷəl ƛ’al’əxʷ diɬ tiʔəʔ cədiɬ luƛ’ kʷədiʔ ʔucut gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’al’=axʷ diɬ tiʔəʔ also=now FOC PROX
cədiɬ luƛ’ he old
‘And it is this old one who says,’
kʷədiʔ
ʔu–cut
REM.DMA
PFV–say
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
48
31
ʔu, xʷiʔ kʷi čaladləp kʷ(i ʔ)ut’q’ʷaxʷ gʷədaab ʔu
xʷiʔ kʷi
INTJ
NEG
REM
čalad=lap kʷi chase=2PL.PO REM
ʔu–t’q’ʷa=axʷ PFV–break=now
gʷədaab underground
‘ “Oh, don’t you guys go after roots that break off underground.” ’ 49
bədᶻaƛ’əbəxʷ bə=dᶻaƛ’–b=axʷ ADD=confuse–MD=now
‘That’s where he is mistaken.’ 50
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 51
ʔu, ʔəsčaləxʷ kʷi dəxʷqəldub čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ cədiɬ luƛ’ ʔu INT
ʔas–čal=axʷ kʷi dəxʷ=qəl–dxʷ–b čəɬ ʔə STAT–how=now REM ADNM=stop–DC–PASS 1PL.PO PR
tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX
PROX
cədiɬ luƛ’ he old
SSP: ‘ “Now why have we been told not to do this by this old one?” ’ 52
č’aʔad č’aʔa–t dig–ICS
‘They dig.’ 53
pkʷalcəxʷ tsiʔəʔ pkʷ•alc=axʷ break.off•PRDCT=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘She breaks it off.’ 54
pkʷaxʷ tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ pkʷ•alc=axʷ break.off•PRDCT=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘She breaks off the fern root.’
skʷiʔxʷ fern.root
32
55
Star Child
huy, ʔuč’aʔadəxʷ ʔuč’aʔadəxʷ ʔuč’aʔadəxʷ huy
ʔu–č’aʔa–t=axʷ PFV–dig–ICS=now
SCONJ
ʔu–č’aʔa–t=axʷ PFV–dig–ICS=now
ʔu–č’aʔa–t=axʷ PFV–dig–ICS=now
‘Then, she digs, and digs, and digs.’ 56
tiˑləb ʔut’uʔali tiləb immediately
ʔu–t’uʔ•ali PFV–hole.through•place
‘Finally she breaks through.’ 57
tiləb ʔuʔux̌ʷ tiləb ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ immediately PFV–go
‘She goes’ 58
ləšuuc lə=šuɬ–c PROG=see–ALTV
‘And she looks.’ 59
diɬ ti swatixʷtəd čəɬ tadiʔ gʷəd diɬ
ti
FOC
SPEC
swatixʷtəd country
čəɬ 1PL.PO
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘ “That’s our land down there.” ’ 60
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 61
tiləb ʔudxʷx̌ac’əlusəd tiləb immediately
ʔu–dxʷ–x̌ac’•alus–t PFV–CTD–cover•eye–ICS
SSP: ‘She covers it up right away.’
gʷəd down
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
62
33
ɬčil əlgʷəʔ ɬčil əlgʷəʔ arrive PL
‘They arrive.’ 63
gʷəl tiləb ʔucut tiʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ
tiləb ʔu–cut tiʔəʔ immediately PFV–say PROX
luƛ’ old
‘And the old man says right away,’ 64
ʔut’uʔali čələp dᶻəɬ ʔu–t’uʔ•ali čələp dᶻəɬ PFV–hole.through•place 2PL.SUB PTCL
‘ “Oh, you folks must have broken through.’ 65
ʔu tiʔiɬ dəxʷʔəƛ’ ʔə tiʔiɬ šəxʷəb ʔu
tiʔiɬ
INTJ
DIST
dəxʷ=ʔəƛ’ ADNM=come
ʔə PR
‘ “That’s why there was a wind.” ’ 66
xʷiʔ, xʷuʔələʔ lil xʷiʔ NEG
xʷuʔələʔ lil maybe far
‘ “No, maybe it was far away.’ 67
xʷuʔələʔ lil xʷuʔələʔ lil maybe far
‘ “Maybe it was from a distance.’ 68
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
tiʔiɬ DIST
šəxʷəb wind
34
69
Star Child
xʷiʔ xʷiʔ gʷəst’uʔali čəɬ xʷiʔ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=t’uʔ•ali
NEG
SBJ=NM=hole.through•place.where
NEG
čəɬ 1PL.PO
SSP: ‘ “We didn’t break through.” ’ 70
kʷačil kʷačil dawn
‘It dawns.’ 71
gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl
bə=ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ
SCONJ
ADD=go
PL
‘And they go again.’ 72
ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘She goes.’ 73
ləcuuc tsiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs lə=cut–c tsiʔəʔ PROG=say–ALTV PROX:FEM
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘She says to her sister,’ 74
ʔu, ɬudxʷƛ’alšəd čəd ʔu INTJ
ɬu=dxʷƛ’alšəd čəd IRR=prepare.cedar 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m going to prepare cedar limbs (for rope making).” ’ 75
ʔəx̌idəxʷ sixʷ tsiʔiɬ dəgʷi ʔəx̌id=axʷ sixʷ tsiʔiɬ dəgʷi what.happened=now PTCL DIST:FEM you
‘ “What do you plan to do?” ’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
76
35
haʔɬ tiʔiɬ adsč’istxʷ haʔɬ tiʔiɬ good DIST
ad–sč’istxʷ 2SG.PO–husband
‘ “You have a good husband.’ 77
xʷiʔ gʷədsx̌aƛ’txʷ tiʔiɬ luƛ’ xʷiʔ
gʷə=d=s=x̌aƛ’–txʷ tiʔiɬ SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=like–ECS DIST
NEG
luƛ’ old
‘ “I don’t like that old one.’ 78
xʷiʔ gʷədsx̌aƛ’txʷ kʷi gʷədsəsƛ’alƛ’alab diʔaʔ gʷəsbədaʔəxʷəd xʷiʔ
gʷə=d=s=x̌aƛ’–txʷ
kʷi
gʷə=d=s=ʔas–ƛ’al–ƛ’ala–b
NEG
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=like–ECS
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–DSTR–stranded–MD
diʔaʔ be.here
gʷə=s=bədaʔ=axʷ=ad SBJ=NM=offspring=now=1SG.SBRD
‘ “I don’t want to get stuck here when I have a child.’ 79
ɬu[d]xʷƛ’aˑlšəd čəd ʔə kʷi sq’ʷuʔq’ʷuʔ čəd[a] ɬučədᶻq’ʷəd čəda ɬut’əbš [čəda] ɬuxʷit’ilagʷil ɬu=dxʷƛ’alšəd IRR=prepare.cedar
čəd ʔə 1SG.SUB PR
kʷi REM
s=q’ʷuʔ–q’ʷuʔ NM=DSTR–gather
čəda 1SG.COORD
ɬu=čədᶻq’ʷ–t čəda ɬu=t’əbš čəda IRR=rub.about–ICS 1SG.COORD IRR=braid 1SG.COORD ɬu=xʷit’–il–agʷil IRR=descend–INCH–AUTO
‘ “I’m going prepare cedar limbs that are gathered, and I’ll break down the fibres and I’ll braid with it, and I’ll let myself down.” ’ 80
adsgʷaʔ adx̌əč ad–sgʷaʔ ad–x̌əč 2SG.PO–one’s.own 2SG.PO–mind
‘ “It’s your decision,” ’ 81
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
36
82
Star Child
cutəb ʔə tsi suq’ʷaʔs cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
tsi
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
SPEC:FEM
SSP: ‘She is told by her sister.’ 83
[d]xʷƛ’alšəd čəd dxʷƛ’alšəd prepare.cedar
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’ll prepare cedar.’ 84
cugʷəxʷ dəgʷi kʷi ɬuciqʷ cukʷ=axʷ only=now
dəgʷi you
kʷi
ɬu=ciqʷ
REM
IRR=dig.roots
‘ “The one who digs for roots will just be you.” ’ 85
[d]xʷƛ’alš[əd] dxʷƛ’alšəd prepare.cedar
‘She prepares cedar boughs’ 86
gʷəl t’əbš gʷəl SCONJ
t’əbš braid
‘And she braids.’ 87
ʔuˑ tuʔuɬax̌il ʔu INTJ
tu=ʔu–ɬax̌–il PAST=PFV–dark–INCH
‘And it becomes night.’ 88
ʔuˑ, pukʷəb tiʔəʔ x̌ix̌payʔ ʔəst’əbš ʔu INTJ
pukʷəb pile
tiʔəʔ
x̌i–x̌payʔ
PROX
ATTN–red.cedar
‘Oh, the braided cedar piles up.’
ʔas–t’əbš STAT–braid
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
89
37
huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəsgʷədils huyu–t=axʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–gʷəd–il=s made–ICS=now PROX IRR=ADNM=STAT–down–INCH=3PO
‘She makes something to sit on.’ 90
həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 91
huy kʷalšəxʷ huy SCONJ
kʷal–š=axʷ weave–ICS=now
SSP: ‘Then she weaves it.’ 92
t’əbšədaxʷ t’əbš–t=axʷ braid–ICS=now
‘She braids it.’ 93
kʷəkʷalš kʷə–kʷal–š ATTN–weave–ICS
‘She weaves it.’ 94
huyud tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəskʷədyalc huyu–t tiʔəʔ made–ICS PROX
ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–kʷəd•y•alc IRR=ADNM=STAT–grasp•CNN•PRDCT
‘She makes something to hang on to.’ 95
kʷədad tiʔəʔ dəč’uʔ bast’əbš kʷəda–t taken–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
dəč’uʔ one
‘She takes one braided piece’
bə=ʔas–t’əbš ADD=STAT–braid
38
96
Star Child
gʷəl ʔəsɬidtxʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cədiɬ qʷɬayʔ gʷəl
ʔas–ɬid–txʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
STAT–tie–ECS=now
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cədiɬ qʷɬayʔ here he log
PROX
‘And she ties it to a stick.’ 97
ɬuɬaq’ dᶻixʷ ɬu=ɬaq’a IRR=fall
dᶻixʷ first
‘It will land first.’ 98
gʷəl tililəb ɬasgʷib kʷi ɬuscəq’šadəbs dəxʷəsaydxʷs tiʔiɬ ɬusɬaʔs dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ pədixʷ gʷəl SCONJ
til–iləb ɬu=ʔas–gʷib kʷi ɬu=s=cəq’•šad–b=s immediately–INTNS IRR=STAT–prepare REM IRR=NM=jab•foot–MD=3PO
dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s tiʔiɬ ADNM=STAT–know–DC=3PO DIST tiʔiɬ DIST
ɬu=s=ɬaʔ=s
dxʷ–ʔal
IRR=NM=arrive.there=3PO
CNTRPT–at
pədixʷ soil
‘And it will be ready for her to stand upon; that’s how she’ll know it has reached the ground’ 99
gʷəl ɬucəq’šadəb gʷəl
ɬu=cəq’•šad–b
SCONJ
IRR=jab•foot–MD
‘And she will stand on it.’ 100 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 101 t’ugʷuˑd tiʔəʔ t’ukʷu–t tiʔəʔ measure–ICS PROX
SSP: ‘She measures it.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
39
102 gʷəl ɬaˑʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬaʔ arrive.there
‘And it reaches there.’ 103 ƛ’ubiləxʷ ƛ’ub–il=axʷ well–INCH=now
‘It is all right now.’ 104 tx̌ʷuˑd tx̌ʷu–t pull–ICS
‘She pulls it.’ 105 cuuc tsiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c say–ALTV
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘She says to her sister,’ 106 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬaskʷədyic x̌ʷul’ just
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ɬu=ʔas–kʷəda–yi–t–s IRR=STAT–grasp–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “You will just be holding on to it for me.’ 107 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 108 ʔu gʷəl čəxʷ ɬaskʷədyic ʔu
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ɬu=ʔas–kʷəda–yi–t–s IRR=STAT–grasp–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ
SSP: ‘ “Oh, and you will be holding on to it for me.’
40
Star Child
109 x̌ʷul’ šəlcutəxʷ čəd x̌ʷul’ šəls–t–sut=axʷ just hanging.down–ICS–REFL=now
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’ll just let myself down.” ’ 110 šəlstəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ suq’ʷaˑʔs šəls–t–b ʔə tsiʔəʔ hanging.down–ICS–PASS PR PROX:FEM
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘She is lowered by her sister.’ 111 ɬubuusaɬ kʷi ɬudstitx̌ʷud čxʷa ɬukʷaʔəd čəda ɬutx̌ʷuˑdəxʷ ɬu=buus•aɬ kʷi ɬu=d=s=ti–tx̌ʷu–t čxʷa ɬu=kʷaʔ–t IRR=four•CLS REM IRR=1SG.PO=NM=ATTN–pull–ICS 2SG.COORD IRR=released–ICS čəda 1SG.COORD
ɬu=tx̌ʷu–t=axʷ IRR=pull–ICS=now
‘ “I shall pull it four times, then you let it go and I’ll pull it.” ’ 112 ɬupukʷəb ɬu=pukʷəb IRR=pile
‘ “It will pile up.” ’ 113 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘She goes’ 114 gʷəl ɬaʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬaʔ arrive.there
‘And she arrives.’ 115 titx̌ʷud titx̌ʷud titx̌ʷud ti–tx̌ʷu–t ATTN–pull–ICS
ti–tx̌ʷu–t
ti–tx̌ʷu–t
ATTN–pull–ICS
ATTN–pull–ICS
‘She pulls, and pulls, and pulls.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
41
116 buusaɬ kʷi stx̌ʷuds buus•aɬ kʷi s=tx̌ʷu–t=s four•CLS REM NM=pull–ICS=3PO
‘She pulls four times’ 117 gʷəl kʷaʔtəb ʔə tsi gʷəl SCONJ
kʷaʔ–t–b ʔə tsi released–ICS–PASS PR SPEC:FEM
‘And it is released by (her sister).’ 118 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 119 huy tx̌ʷudəxʷ huy SCONJ
tx̌ʷu–t=axʷ pull–ICS=now
SSP: ‘Then she pulls it.’ 120 gʷəl pukʷəb gʷəl SCONJ
pukʷəb pile
‘And it piles up.’ 121 ʔibəšəxʷ ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘She walks.’ 122 gʷəč’əbaxʷ ʔə kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ gʷəč’–b=axʷ search–CSMD=now
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
‘She searches now for a creek.’
dᶻəɬixʷ creek
42
Star Child
123 ʔiˑbəš dᶻəlucid ʔə tiʔiɬ duqʷač ʔibəš travel
dᶻəlucid cross.river
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
duqʷač Nookachamps
‘She walks to the banks of the Nookachamps River.’ 124 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 125 diɬ sdaʔs diɬ FOC
sdaʔ–s name–3PO
SSP: ‘That is its name.’ 126 duqʷač kʷi sədaʔad[s]əxʷ duqʷač kʷi s=lə=daʔa–t=s=axʷ Nookachamps REM NM=PROG=name–ICS=3PO=now
‘What she is naming it now is Nookachamps.’ 127 cədiləxʷ tiʔəiɬ lədaʔad cədiɬ=axʷ he=now
tiʔiɬ
lə=daʔa–t
DIST
PROG=name–ICS
‘What she names it is that.’ 128 diɬ duqʷač tiʔiɬ diɬ FOC
duqʷač tiʔiɬ duqʷač DIST
‘That one’s the Nookachamp.’ 129 ʔuˑx̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘She goes.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
43
130 gʷəl ʔalil tiʔiɬ lil gʷəl
ʔal–il tiʔiɬ at–INCH DIST
SCONJ
lil far
‘And she arrives a long way off.’ 131 lil tiʔiɬ sʔibəš[s] lil far
tiʔiɬ s=ʔibəš=s NM=travel=3PO
DIST
‘She walks a long way.’ 132 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi dsʔəladᶻiʔɬ ɬu=stab=axʷ kʷi IRR=what=now REM
d=s=ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ 1SG.PO=NM=care.for•child
‘ “What will I use for a babysitter?’ 133 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi ɬasʔəladᶻiʔɬyic ɬu=stab=axʷ IRR=what=now
kʷi
ɬu=ʔas–ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ–yi–t–s
REM
IRR=STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “Who will babysit for me?” ’ 134 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 135 gʷəl ʔəšudxʷ tiʔəʔ haʔɬ p’q’ac gʷəl
ʔas–šuɬ–dxʷ tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
STAT–see–DC
PROX
haʔɬ good
p’q’ac rotten.wood
SSP: ‘And she sees a good old rotten log.’ 136 dᶻubud dᶻubud dᶻubud dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
‘She kicks it, kicks it, and kicks it.’
44
Star Child
137 tiləb ʔut[ab] tiləb immediately
ʔu–tab PFV–do
‘Right away it moves.’ 138 yaʔɬ ʔugʷədil tiʔəʔ p’q’ac yaʔɬ be.unable
ʔu–gʷəd–il tiʔəʔ PFV–down–INCH PROX
p’q’ac rotten.wood
‘In vain it tries to get up, this rotten log.’ 139 xʷiˑʔ gʷəsʔəx̌ids xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔəx̌id=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=what.happened=3PO
‘It doesn’t.’ 140 paƛ’aƛ’ x̌ʷul’ ʔəsgʷədil paƛ’aƛ’ worthless
x̌ʷul’ just
ʔas–gʷəd–il STAT–down–INCH
‘It just sits there.’ 141 bədᶻubud bə=dᶻubu–t ADD=kick–ICS
‘She kicks it again,’ 142 gʷəl bəhuyil p’q’ac gʷəl
bə=huyu–il
SCONJ
ADD=made–INCH
p’q’ac rotten.wood
‘And it became a rotten log.’ 143 gʷəl bəʔibəˑš gʷəl
bə=ʔibəš
SCONJ
ADD=travel
‘And she walked on.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
45
144 bəɬčis tiʔəʔ dəč’uʔ bə=ɬčil–s tiʔəʔ ADD=arrive–ALTV PROX
dəč’uʔ one
‘She comes to another.’ 145 gʷəl bədᶻubud gʷəl
bə=dᶻubu–t
SCONJ
ADD=kick–ICS
‘And again she kicks it.’ 146 yaʔɬ ʔugʷədiˑl yaʔɬ be.unable
ʔu–gʷəd–il PFV–down–INCH
‘It tries in vain to get up.’ 147 xʷiʔ gʷəsuhuys ʔaciɬtalbixʷ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–huyu=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–made=3PO
‘It doesn’t become a person.’ 148 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 149 ləbədᶻubud lə=bə=dᶻubu–t PROG=ADD=kick–ICS
SSP: ‘She kicks it again.’ 150 gʷəl bəp’q’acil gʷəl
bə=p’q’ac–il
SCONJ
ADD=rotten.wood–INCH
‘And becomes a log.’
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
46
Star Child
151 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tsiʔəˑʔ ʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ go PROX:FEM
‘She goes.’ 152 gʷəl bəɬčis tiʔəʔ haˑʔɬ p’q’ac gʷəl
bə=ɬčil–s
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
ADD=arrive–ALTV
PROX
haʔɬ good
‘And again she comes to a good log.’ 153 dᶻubud dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
‘She kicks it.’ 154 dᶻubud ʔə kʷi buusaɬ dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
buus•aɬ four•CLS
‘She kicks it four times.’ 155 yaʔɬ ʔugʷədil yaʔɬ be.unable
ʔu–gʷəd–il PFV–down–INCH
‘It is unable to get up.’ 156 xʷiʔ gʷəsgʷəgʷadəds xʷiʔ gʷə=s=gʷə–gʷad–t=s NEG SBJ=NM=ATTN–speak–ICS=3PO
‘It can’t speak a word.’ 157 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
p’q’ac rotten.wood
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
47
158 huy sixʷ bədᶻubdᶻubudəxʷ huy
sixʷ
bə=dᶻub–dᶻubu–t=axʷ
SCONJ
PTCL
ADD=DSTR–kick–ICS=now
SSP: ‘Then again she kicks it.’ 159 bədᶻubudəxʷ bə=dᶻubu–t=axʷ ADD=kick–ICS=now
‘She kicks it again.’ 160 dᶻubud dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
‘And kicks it.’ 161 tiˑləb ʔutab tiləb immediately
ʔu–tab PFV–what
‘Right away it moves.’ 162 tiləb ʔuhuyil p’q’ac tiləb immediately
ʔu–huyu–il PFV–made–INCH
p’q’ac rotten.wood
‘Right away it becomes a rotten log.’ 163 huy, bəʔibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ
bə=ʔibəš=axʷ ADD=travel=now
‘Then, she walks again.’ 164 mmmm 165 ʔi gʷəl ɬčis tiʔəʔ haˑʔɬ p’q’aˑc ʔəšaˑb ʔi
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
ɬčil–s arrive–ALTV
tiʔəʔ PROX
haʔɬ good
p’q’ac ʔas–šab rotten.wood STAT–dry
‘Oh, and she comes to a good rotten log that is dry.’
48
Star Child
166 haˑʔɬ kʷədiʔ səshuˑys haʔɬ good
kʷədiʔ
s=ʔas–huyu=s
REM.DMA
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘That one that is made is a good one.’ 167 huy dᶻubud ʔə tiʔiɬ buusaɬ huy SCONJ
dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
ʔə tiʔiɬ buus•aɬ PR DIST four•CLS
‘Then she kicks it four times.’ 168 tiləb ʔugʷədil tsiʔəʔ ɬuƛ’ tiləb immediately
ʔu–gʷəd–il
tsiʔəʔ
PFV–down–INCH
PROX:FEM
ɬuƛ’ old
‘Right away, an old lady sat up.’ 169 ʔəsx̌ʷuq’ʷdis ʔə tiʔəʔ sqiqəlikʷs ʔas–x̌ʷuq’ʷdis STAT–pinned
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
s=qi–qəlikʷ=s
PROX
NM=ATTN–blanket=3PO
‘She has a little blanket pinned around her.’ 170 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 171 gʷəl ʔugʷəgʷadəd, gʷəl
ʔu–gʷə–gʷad–t
SCONJ
PFV–ATTN–speak–ICS
SSP: ‘And she speaks.’ 172 šəwu dʔibač 3 šəwu d–ʔibač INTJ 1SG.PO–grand.child
‘ “Oh, my granddaughter,’ 3
The interjections at the beginning of this line and of line 173 seem to be particular to the speech of this character, for which Mrs. Peter adopts a special voice evocative of age or senility.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
49
173 šu ʔuqəɬ čəd tasʔiʔitut šu
ʔu–qəɬ
INTJ
PFV–awaken
čəd 1SG.SUB
tu=ʔas–ʔi–ʔitut PAST=STAT–ATTN–sleep
‘ “I have awakened, I was having a little sleep.” ’ 174 gʷədil kiaʔ gʷədil gʷəd–il down–INCH
kiaʔ grandmother
gʷəd–il down–INCH
‘ “Sit up, grandmother, sit up.’ 175 ləʔibəš čəd lə=ʔibəš PROG=travel
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I am travelling.’ 176 ɬasʔəladᶻaʔɬyic čəxʷ ɬu=ʔas–ʔəladᶻ•aʔɬ–yi–t–s IRR=STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You will babysit for me.” ’ 177 dxʷʔaləxʷ ti dxʷx̌ədiʔəb tiʔiɬ dxʷʔas dxʷ–ʔal=axʷ ti dxʷ–x̌ədiʔəb tiʔiɬ CNTRPT–at=now SPEC CNTRPT–x̌ədiʔəb DIST
dxʷ–ʔa=s CNTRPT–be.there=3PO
‘Where she goes to is x̌ədiʔəb.’ 178 diʔɬ sʔəq’dxʷs tiʔiɬ bəbuus x̌payʔac diʔɬ suddenly
s=ʔəq’–dxʷ=s NM=open–DC=3PO
‘She comes upon four cedars.’ 179 haʔɬ yaˑw’ ʔəšab haʔɬ good
yaw’ only.if
ʔas–šab STAT–dry
‘They are very dry.’
tiʔiɬ bə=buus x̌payʔac ADD=four red.cedar
DIST
50
Star Child
180 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 181 ʔuˑ, diɬəxʷ (h)aʔɬ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəsɬaɬlil čəɬ ʔu INTJ
diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
haʔɬ good
tiʔəʔ
ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil
PROX
IRR=ADNM=STAT–live
SSP: ‘ “Oh, this will be a good place for us to live.” ’ 182 huy, qʷibicutəxʷ huy SCONJ
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ prepared–ICS–REFL=now
‘Then, she prepares herself.’ 183 mmmmmmmm 184 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘She goes.’ 185 šuuc tiʔəʔ dᶻəɬixʷ šuɬ–c see–ALTV
tiʔəʔ dᶻəɬixʷ PROX creek
‘She looks at the creek.’ 186 ləcutəyil dᶻəɬ kʷi sʔuladxʷ ləcu–təyil dᶻəɬ kʷi CONT–go.upriver PTCL REM
sʔuladxʷ salmon
‘The salmon must have been running.’ 187 ɬučəɬ əw’ə čəd sxʷiʔap ɬu=čəɬ IRR=make
əw’ə PTCL
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’ll make a fishtrap.’
sxʷiʔap fish.trap
čəɬ 1PL.PO
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
51
188 ɬutqalikʷ əw’ə čəd əw’ə
ɬu=tqa–alikʷ IRR=closed–ACT
PTCL
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’ll trap them.” ’ 189 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 190 huy [d]xʷƛ’alšədəxʷ huy SCONJ
dxʷƛ’alšəd=axʷ prepare.cedar=now
SSP: ‘Then she prepares the cedars.’ 191 huˑy čəčx̌abəxʷ huy SCONJ
čə–čəx̌a–b=axʷ ATTN–split–MD=now
‘Then she splits them.’ 192 gʷəl huy kʷalšəxʷ tiʔiɬ sčəɬs sxʷiʔap gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
kʷal–š=axʷ tiʔiɬ weave–ICS=now DIST
‘And then she weaves her fishtrap.’ 193 huy dxʷtčigʷədidəxʷ huy SCONJ
dxʷ–təč•igʷəd–i–t=axʷ CTD–roll•body–SS–ICS=now
‘Then she puts it in the water’ 194 huy ʔux̌ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then she goes.’
s=čəɬ=s NM=make=3PO
sxʷiʔap fish.trap
52
Star Child
195 gʷəl huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷəstqadiʔs, təqtqadiʔs gʷəl SCONJ
huyu–t=axʷ made–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ
ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–tqadiʔ=s
PROX
IRR=ADNM=STAT–fish.trap=3PO
təq–tqadiʔ–s DSTR–fish.trap–3PO
‘And she makes the rest of her trap.’ 196 ʔaʔədəxʷ tiʔəʔ sxʷiʔaps ʔa–t=axʷ be.there–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
sxʷiʔap–s fish.trap–3PO
‘She places the fishtrap.’ 197 ʔaˑ gʷəl, basbədaʔil ʔa be.there
gʷəl SCONJ
bə=ʔəs=bədaʔ–il ADD=STAT–offspring–INCH
‘She is there and she gives birth to her child.’ 198 həbuʔ 4 həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 199 ʔa gʷəl ləcut, ʔa be.there
gʷəl
lə=cut
SCONJ
PROG=say
SSP: ‘She is there and she says,’ 200 ɬuhaʔlid čəxʷ t(i) adʔibac ɬu=haʔɬ–i–t IRR=good–SS–ICS
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ti SPEC
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “You will comfort your grandchild.’ 201 ɬuɬadəyʔlucidbid čəxʷ ɬu=ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t IRR=woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You will refer to the baby only as a girl child.’ 4
Mr. Sampson adds something after this but it is indistinct on the tape.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
53
202 ʔəsgʷəč’əb k’ʷəɬ kʷi dəbəɬ tul’ʔal q’ixʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔə kʷi stubš ʔas–gʷəč’–b k’ʷəɬ STAT–search–CSMD QTV sɬə–ɬadəyʔ ʔə PR
kʷi REM
kʷi
PL–woman
REM
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at
q’ixʷ upstream
stubš man
‘ “I hear that there are women from upriver looking for a man.’ 203 gʷəsaxʷəbtub t(i) adʔibac gʷə=saxʷəb–txʷ–b SBJ=run–ECS–PASS
ti SPEC
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “Your grandson will be kidnapped.’ 204 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬadəyʔlucidbid x̌ʷul’ just
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
‘ “Just call him a girl.” ’ 205 gʷəl ʔəsqəp t[s]ə gə[t] luƛ’ gʷəl
ʔas–qəp
tsə
SCONJ
STAT–foolish
NSPEC:FEM
gət guy
luƛ’ old
‘But this silly old woman is foolish.’ 206 ʔuˑx̌ʷ t[s]iʔəʔ šəhab ʔux̌ʷ go
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
šəhab trap.fish
‘The one who traps fish goes,’ 207 gʷəl ƛ’uləsč’ədᶻəd čad dəxʷuhaʔlad[s] ti xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ti bibədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’u=ləs–č’ədᶻ–t HAB=PROG.STAT–stalk–ICS
čad where
dəxʷ=ʔu–haʔɬad=s ADNM=PFV–make.better=3PO
ti
xʷiʔ
lə=haʔɬ
ti
bi–bədaʔ
SPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
SPEC
ATTN–offspring
‘And she always sneaks up to where that good-for-nothing soothes the baby.’
54
Star Child
208 ʔaˑbšpibəš 5 ʔas–bəs–špibəš STAT–PROP–man
‘ “She has a boy.’ 209 ʔaˑbšpibəš ʔas–bəs–špibəš STAT–PROP–man
‘ “She has a boy.’ 210 k’ʷəliˑɬ čəxʷ ʔubəspaʔpadəyʔ k’ʷəliɬ čəxʷ ʔu–bəs–paʔ–padəyʔ INTJ 2SG.SUB PFV–PROP–ATTN–woman
‘ “Oh! I mean you have a little girl.’ 211 k’ʷəliɬ čəxʷ ʔubəspaʔpadəɬyʔ k’ʷəliɬ INTJ
čəxʷ ʔu–bəs–paʔ–padəɬyʔ 2SG.SUB PFV–PROP–ATTN–woman
‘ “Oh! I mean you have a little girl.” ’ 212 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 213 ʔu, ƛ’utubšlucidbitəb ʔə tsi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ti bibədaʔ ʔu
ƛ’u=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t–b ʔə tsi HAB=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS–PASS PR SPEC:FEM
INTJ
ti
bi–bədaʔ
SPEC
ATTN–offspring
xʷiʔ lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
NEG
SSP: ‘ “Oh, the baby is called a boy by the good-for-nothing.’
5
It is possible that špibəš here is a variant pronunciation of stubš ‘man’, perhaps stylized speech typical of this character. The same is true of padəyʔ and padəɬyʔ in the lines below, which may be variants of sɬadəyʔ ‘woman’.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
55
214 ɬusaxʷəbtub ɬu=saxʷəb–txʷ–b IRR=run–ECS–PASS
‘ “He’ll be kidnapped.” ’ 215 ʔiˑ kʷi stab gʷəgʷadgʷadxʷ ʔi
kʷi
INTJ
REM
stab what
gʷə=gʷad–gʷad–dxʷ SBJ=DSTR–speak–DC
‘And she scolds her.’ 216 ʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəxʷtubšlucidbid t(i) adʔibac ʔəx̌id what.happened
kʷi REM
ad=dəxʷ=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t 2SG.PO=ADNM=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
ti SPEC
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “Why do you call your grandchild a grandson?” ’ 217 ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd čəd ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd [čəd] ƛ’u=dxʷ–bali•igʷəd HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area
čəd 1SG.SUB
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I forgot myself, I forgot myself.” ’ 218 həbuʔəd gʷəkawič čəxʷ həbuʔ–t həbuʔ–ICS
gʷə=kawič SBJ=hunchback
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘Say haboo, or you’ll get hunchbacked.’ 219 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
ƛ’u=dxʷ–balih•igʷəd HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area
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Star Child
220 ʔaˑ tsiʔəʔ ʔa be.there
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
SSP: ‘She is there.’ 221 gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ bəšəhab gʷəl
SCONJ
bə=ʔux̌ʷ bə=šəhab ADD=trap.fish
ADD=go
‘And she goes to trap fish again.’ 222 ƛ’al’ sixʷ bətubšlucidbitəb ʔə tsi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ƛ’al’ also
sixʷ bə=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t–b ADD=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS–PASS
PTCL
ʔə PR
tsi
xʷiʔ
SPEC:FEM
NEG
lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
‘She again hears the foolish babysitter using boy terms to the child.’ 223 ʔuˑ ɬusaxʷəbtub ti dbədaʔ ʔu INTJ
ɬu=saxʷəb–txʷ–b ti d–bədaʔ IRR=run–ECS–PASS SPEC 1SG.PO–offspring
‘ “Oh, my child will be kidnapped.” ’ 224 ʔuladxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ tsiʔəʔ catch.salmon PROX:FEM
ʔuladxʷ ʔuladxʷ catch.salmon catch.salmon
ʔuladxʷ catch.salmon
‘She caught salmon, caught salmon, caught salmon.’ 225 ʔəx̌id, ʔuʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəxʷutubšlucidbid t(i) adʔibac ʔəx̌id ʔu–ʔəx̌id kʷi what.happened PFV–what.happened REM ad=dəxʷ=tu–tubš•l•ucid–bi–t ti 2SG.PO=ADNM=ATTN–man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS SPEC
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “Why, oh why, do you call your grandchild a grandson?’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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226 ʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəx̌ʷul’ ɬadəyʔlucidbid ʔəx̌id what.happened
kʷi REM
ad=dəxʷ=x̌ʷul’ 2SG.PO=ADNM=just
ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
‘ “Why don’t you just call him a girl child?’ 227 x̌ʷul’ gʷadsaxʷəbtxʷyitəb x̌ʷul’ just
gʷə=ad=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–yi–t–b SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=run–ECS–DAT–ICS–PASS
‘ “You’ll just have him kidnapped from you.” ’ 228 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 229 ʔaˑ, ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd čəd ƛ’udxʷbalihigʷəd [čəd] ʔa
ƛ’u=dxʷ–bali•igʷəd
INTJ
HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area
ƛ’u=dxʷ–balih•igʷəd HAB=CTD–forget•inside.small.area
čəd 1SG.SUB čəd 1SG.SUB
SSP: ‘ “Oh, I forget myself, I forgot myself.” ’ 230 x̌əɬ ti ƛ’ux̌aab t[s]iʔəʔ luƛ’ x̌əɬ‿ti seemingly
ƛ’u=x̌aab
tsiʔəʔ
HAB=cry
PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
‘She kind of cries, this old one.’ 231 ʔiˑ, bəʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ šəhabiluɬ ʔi
bə=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ
tsiʔəʔ
INTJ
ADD=go=now
PROX:FEM
šəhab–iluɬ trap.fish–PRPV
‘Again she goes, she goes to remove salmon from her trap.’ 232 tiˑləbəxʷ xʷiʔ gʷəsuhaʔliʔɬ ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiləb=axʷ xʷiʔ gʷə=s=ʔu–haʔɬ•iʔɬ immediately=now NEG SBJ=NM=PFV–good•child
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘But right away the old one can’t seem to comfort the child.’
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Star Child
233 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 234 ʔuˑ ɬik’ʷtubəxʷ ti dbədaʔ ʔə tsi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu INTJ
ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ hook–ECS–PASS=now
ti SPEC
d–bədaʔ ʔə 1SG.PO–offspring PR
tsi
xʷiʔ
SPEC:FEM
NEG
lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
SSP: ‘Oh, the good-for-nothing will have my son kidnapped from her.’ 235 ɬčisəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ɬčil–s–b=axʷ arrive–ALTV–PASS=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘Some women came to the old woman.’ 236 tiləb ʔuwiliq’ʷitəb tiləb immediately
ʔu–wiliq’ʷi–t–b PFV–ask–ICS–PASS
‘They ask her right away,’ 237 stab tiʔiɬ adsəsʔəladᶻiʔɬ stab tiʔiɬ ad=s=ʔas–ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ what DIST 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–care.for•child
‘ “What is that you are taking care of?” ’ 238 spaʔpadəyʔ, sbəlus, spaʔpadəyʔ spaʔ–padəyʔ sbəlus spaʔ–padəyʔ ATTN–woman ?? ATTN–woman
‘ “A girl child, your honours, a girl child.” ’ 239 x̌ʷul’ ƛ’ubəɬəgʷəldub tsə gə[t] x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=bə=ɬəgʷɬ–dxʷ–b just HAB=ADD=leave–DC–PASS
‘This gal is just left.’
tsə NSPEC:FEM
gət guy
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
59
240 gʷəl bəhaʔliʔɬ gʷəl
bə=haʔɬ•iʔɬ
SCONJ
ADD=good•child
‘And she comforts the child.’ 241 čaˑč kʷi bəčagʷil k’ʷəasliɬ čəxʷ ʔubəspaʔpadəyʔ čaˑčas kʷi child REM
bəča–agʷil fall–AUTO
k’ʷəliɬ INTJ
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ʔu–bəs–paʔ–padəyʔ PFV–PROP–ATTN–woman
‘♪ “He who lies down is a child – oh, oh, I mean you have a daughter!” ♪ ’ 242 ʔu, ƛ’utubšlucidbitəb ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ tiʔiɬ č’ač’as ʔu INTJ
ƛ’u=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t–b ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ tiʔiɬ HAB=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS–PASS PR DIST:FEM old DIST
‘ “Oh, that old woman always calls that child a boy!” ’ 243 saxʷəbəxʷ tsi ʔiɬt’it’isu saxʷəb=axʷ run=now
tsi
ʔiɬ–t’i–t’isu
SPEC:FEM
PRTV–ATTN–youngest
‘The younger one runs’ 244 gʷəl kʷədyid tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ
kʷəda–yi–t tsiʔəʔ take–DAT–ICS PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
‘And takes the child from the old lady’ 245 gʷəl ləp’aɬabacəd gʷəl
lə=p’aɬ•abac–t
SCONJ
PROG=examine•body–ICS
‘And examines it all over.’ 246 tiˑləb ʔuhaydxʷ stutubš tiləb immediately
ʔu–hay–dxʷ
stu–tubš
PFV–known–DC
ATTN–man
‘Right away she finds out that it is a boy child.’
č’ač’as child
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Star Child
247 huy saxʷəbtxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
saxʷəb–txʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ run–ECS=now PL
‘Then they kidnap him.’ 248 ʔaˑ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔəsx̌ik’ʷəb ʔa be.there
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
ʔas–x̌ik’ʷəb STAT–alone
‘The old woman is there by herself alone.’ 249 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 250 gʷəl ɬčil tsiʔəʔ ʔəbsbədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬčil arrive
tsiʔəʔ
ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ
PROX:FEM
STAT–PROP–offspring
SSP: ‘And the child’s mother arrives.’ 251 ʔuɬčisəb tiʔəʔ adbədaʔ ʔə ti sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔu–ɬčil–s–b PFV–arrive–ALTV–PASS
tiʔəʔ PROX
ad–bədaʔ ʔə 2SG.PO–offspring PR
‘ “Oh, some women have come to your child.’ 252 yaʔɬ čəd x̌əɬ ti ʔux̌ibdup yaʔɬ čəd x̌əɬ‿ti ʔu–x̌ib•dup be.unable 1SG.SUB seemingly PFV–grab•COLL
‘ “I have tried in vain to grab on to him,’ 253 x̌ʷul’ ʔiɬsaxʷəbtxʷ əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷul’ just
ʔiɬ–saxʷəb–txʷ
əlgʷəʔ
PRTV–run–ECS
PL
‘ “They have simply kidnapped him.” ’
ti
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
SPEC
PL–woman
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
61
254 yəx̌i čəxʷ ƛ’utubšlucidbid yəx̌i because
čəxʷ ƛ’u=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t 2SG.SUB HAB=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
‘ “Because you called him a boy child!” ’ 255 tiləb ʔudᶻubutəb tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiləb ʔu–dᶻubu–t–b immediately PFV–kick–ICS–PASS
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
‘Right away, the old woman was kicked.’ 256 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl SCONJ
lə=cut PROG=say
‘And she says,’ 257 šaha bəʔəx̌itubš čəxʷ ʔu šaha
bə=ʔəx̌id–txʷ–bš
INTJ
ADD=what.happened–ECS–1SG.OBJ
čəxʷ ʔu 2SG.SUB INT
‘ “What are you doing to me?” ’ 258 həʔ həʔ hay 6 259 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 260 ʔaˑ t[s]iʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔa be.there
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
SSP: ‘This old woman is there.’ 261 gʷəl dᶻubdᶻubutəbəxʷ gʷəl
dᶻub–dᶻubu–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–kick–ICS–PASS=now
‘She is kicked.’ 6
This is spoken in a louder voice with a pronounced cadence; it was not included in the original transcription. It is unknown whether it has lexical meaning or is an exhortation to the audience.
62
Star Child
262 ʔuˑ p’q’acəxʷ ʔu INTJ
p’q’ac=axʷ rotten.wood=now
‘Oh, now she is a rotten log.’ 263 huy ɬəgʷəlbaxʷ huy SCONJ
ɬəgʷɬ–b=axʷ leave–PASS=now
‘Then she is left there.’ 264 kʷədatəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ sqəlad ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs kʷəda–t–b ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ sqəlad ʔə tiʔəʔ tu=bədaʔ–s taken–ICS–PASS PR PROX:FEM PROX diaper PR PROX PAST=offspring–3PO
‘The mother takes the soiled diaper of what was her child.’ 265 gʷəl k’ʷit’txʷ dxʷʔal kʷədiʔ dᶻəɬixʷ gʷəl SCONJ
k’ʷit’–txʷ shoreward–ECS
dxʷ–ʔal
kʷədiʔ
CNTRPT–at
REM.DMA
dᶻəɬixʷ creek
‘And she takes it down to the creek.’ 266 huy dᶻaqadəxʷ huy SCONJ
dᶻaqa–t=axʷ mourn–ICS=now
‘Then she mourns.’ 267 x̌aabəxʷ x̌aab=axʷ cry=now
‘She cries.’ 268 ʔistadəxʷ čəd ʔə tiˑ, ti šiʔab gʷəɬ dbədaʔ, ʔistaʔ–t=axʷ čəd ʔə be.like–ICS=now 1SG.SUB PR
ti
ti
SPEC
SPEC
šiʔab gʷəɬ beloved ASSC
d–bədaʔ 1SG.PO–offspring
‘♪ “Here is what I used to do to the clothing of my beloved child. ♪’
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269 p’ic’i[d] kʷədaʔ, p’ic’i[d] kʷədaʔ p’ic’i–t wring.out–ICS
kʷədaʔ PTCL
p’ic’i–t wring.out–ICS
kʷədaʔ PTCL
‘♪ “Wringing it out, wringing it out.” ♪’ 270 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 271 ʔistadəxʷ čəd ʔə tiˑ, ti šiʔab gʷəɬ dbədaʔ, ʔistaʔ–t=axʷ čəd ʔə be.like–ICS=now 1SG.SUB PR
ti
ti
SPEC
SPEC
šiʔab gʷəɬ beloved ASSC
d–bədaʔ 1SG.PO–offspring
SSP: ‘♪ “Here is what I used to do to the clothing of my beloved child. ♪’ 272 p’ic’i[d] kʷədaʔ p’ic’i–t wring.out–ICS
kʷədaʔ PTCL
‘♪ “Wringing it out.” ♪’ 273 x̌ʷul’ dxʷdᶻal kʷədiʔ sup’ic’ids kʷədiʔ xʷciʔikʷ x̌ʷul’ just
dxʷ–dᶻal
kʷədiʔ
s=ʔu–p’ic’i–t=s
kʷədiʔ
CNTRPT–reverse
REM.DMA
NM=PFV–wring.out–ICS=3PO
REM.DMA
xʷci•ʔikʷ remove•wipe
‘Only to the right does she wring out his diaper.’ 274 diˑʔɬ kʷi gʷəč’iq’əd ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ diʔɬ kʷi suddenly REM
gʷə=č’iq’əd SBJ=scream
ʔə PR
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Suddenly the Diaper Child cries out.’ 275 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
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Star Child
276 x̌aab tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌aab cry
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
SSP: ‘This one cries.’ 277 x̌aab x̌aab cry
‘He cries.’ 278 x̌aab x̌aab cry
‘He cries.’ 279 kʷədad tiʔəʔ bədaʔs kʷəda–t taken–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
‘She takes her child’ 280 gʷəl xʷəlk’ʷabactxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
xʷəlk’ʷ•abac–txʷ wrap.around•body–ECS
‘And she wraps him up.’ 281 xʷəlk’ʷabactub kʷədaʔ, tiʔəʔ staʔtəbs, tiʔəʔ [s]ʔəɬəds xʷəlk’ʷ•abac–txʷ–b wrap.around•body–ECS–PASS
kʷədʔ
tiʔəʔ
staʔ–tab–s
tiʔəʔ
REM:DMA
PROX
ATTN–thing–3PO
PROX
sʔəɬəd–s food–3PO
‘Those things, her belongings and her food, are wrapped up.’ 282 gʷəl čəbaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ
čəbaʔ–t backpack–ICS
‘She packs them.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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283 dxʷqicəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ x̌ədiˑʔəb dxʷ–qic=axʷ ʔə CNTRPT–downstream=now PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
x̌ədiʔəb x̌ədiʔəb
‘Downstream of x̌ədiʔəb now.’ 284 gʷəl ɬčiˑl dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’udaʔatəb sčičigʷqs gʷəl SCONJ
ɬčil arrive
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
CNTRPT–at
PROX
diʔəʔ ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b sčičigʷqs here HAB=named–ICS–PASS sčičigʷqs
‘And she arrives at a place called sčičigʷqs ...’ 285 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 286 ʔilucid ʔə tiʔiɬ duqʷač ʔilucid river.mouth
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
duqʷač Nookachamps
SSP: ‘... the mouth of the Nookachamps River.’ 287 ʔa kʷi səshudičupsəxʷ ʔa kʷi s=ʔas–hud•čup=s=axʷ be.there REM NM=STAT–burn•firewood=3PO=now
‘There she builds a fire’ 288 ɬaɬlil ɬaɬlill live
‘She lives there.’ 289 ɬaˑɬliləxʷ ɬaɬlill=axʷ live=now
‘She lives there now.’
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Star Child
290 ləcux̌aab ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry
‘She cries, she cries.’ 291 x̌aaˑb x̌aab cry
‘She cries.’ 292 ck’ʷaqid ʔux̌aabid tiʔiɬ bədaʔs ck’ʷaqid always
ʔu–x̌aab–i–t PFV–cry–SS–ICS
tiʔiɬ bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
DIST
‘She always cries for her son.’ 293 qəlbut ʔa tiʔəʔ cədiɬ p’ic’ikʷs … qəlbut ʔa even.though be.there
tiʔəʔ PROX
cədiɬ p’ic’ikʷ–s he Diaper.Child–3PO
‘Even though she has her Diaper Child ...’ 294 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 295 ... bədaʔs bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
SSP: ‘... her son.’ 296 gʷəl ləʔa tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔal tiʔəʔ x̌ʷix̌ʷalič ʔəsɬaɬlil gʷəl
lə=ʔa
SCONJ
PROG=be.there
tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔal tiʔəʔ x̌ʷix̌ʷalič raven at PROX x̌ʷix̌ʷalič
PROX
‘And there is Raven there, living at x̌ʷix̌ʷalič.’
ʔas–ɬaɬlil STAT–live
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
67
297 hikʷ[alʔ]txʷ hikʷ•alʔtxʷ big•house
‘He has a big house.’ 298 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
Unknown woman: ‘Haboo.’ 299 hiˑkʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔal ʔə qaw’qs hikʷ big
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔalʔal house
ʔə PR
qaw’qs raven
SSP: ‘Raven’s house is big.’ 300 dxʷsaliʔič dxʷ–saliʔ•ič CTD–two•cover
‘It is two-fire size.’ 301 siʔab siʔab noble
‘He is high-class.’ 302 siʔab tiʔəʔ qaw’qs siʔab noble
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘Raven is high-class.’ 303 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔəsɬaɬlil ʔa be.there
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘Raven lives there’
qaw’qs ʔas–ɬaɬlil raven STAT–live
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Star Child
304 qa tiʔəʔ sq’ʷuʔq’ʷuʔs qa many
tiʔəʔ PROX
s=q’ʷuʔ–q’ʷuʔ=s NM=DSTR–gather=3PO
‘Many people are around him.’ 305 diʔɬ kʷi scut ʔə kʷi qaw’qs diʔɬ suddenly
kʷi
s=cut
REM
NM=say
ʔə PR
kʷi
qaw’qs raven
REM
‘Suddenly Raven says,’ 306 ɬuqʷic čən’ ɬuqʷic čən’ 7 ɬu=qʷic čən’ ɬu=qʷic čən’ IRR=travel.downstream 1SG.SUB IRR=travel.downstream 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m going downstream, I’m going downstream.’ 307 ɬu[ʔu]l[u]luɬ čən’ ɬu[ʔu]l[u]luɬ čən’ ɬuʔuluɬ ɬu=ʔul–uluɬ čəd IRR=DIM.EFF–travel.by.water 1SG.SUB
ɬu=ʔul–uluɬ IRR=DIM.EFF–travel.by.water
čəd 1SG.SUB
ɬu=ʔuluɬ IRR=travel.by.water
‘ “I’m going to paddle around, paddle around, paddle around.” ’ 308 huy, qʷicəxʷ kʷi qaw’qs huy SCONJ
qʷic=axʷ kʷi travel.downstream=now REM
qaw’qs raven
‘So Raven goes downstream.’ 309 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 310 diˑʔɬ kʷi šudxʷs kʷi ləcuqʷiqʷšab diʔɬ suddenly
kʷi
s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s
kʷi
ləcu–qʷi–qʷšab
REM
NM=see–DC=3PO
REM
CONT–ATTN–smoke
SSP: ‘Suddenly he sees a little smoke.’ 7
This and the following lines spoken by Raven are in the stylized speech of this character, where the voiced stops are replaced by nasals or nasals plus schwa. See Hess 1982 for discussion.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
69
311 ɬalil kʷi q’aw’qs ɬalil go.ashore
kʷi REM
q’aw’qs Raven
‘Raven goes ashore.’ 312 gʷəl q’ʷib gʷəl SCONJ
q’ʷib disembark
‘And he gets out.’ 313 ʔəsq’isq’isaq ʔas–q’is–q’is•aq STAT–DSTR–exposed•forked
‘He lifts his pant legs.’ 314 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘He goes.’ 315 stab stab what
‘What’s this?’ 316 sɬadəyʔ tsiʔəʔ ʔəsgʷədil sɬadəyʔ woman
tsiʔəʔ
ʔas–gʷəd–il
PROX:FEM
STAT–down–INCH
‘Sitting there is a woman.’ 317 ʔəskʷədiʔɬ ʔas–kʷəd•iʔɬ STAT–hold•child
‘She is holding a child.’
70
Star Child
318 həbuʔ ho həbuʔ haboo
ho ho
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 319 saxʷəbisəb ʔə kʷi qaw’qs saxʷəb–bi–s–b run–MAP–ALTV–PASS
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
qaw’qs raven
SSP: ‘They are run after by Raven.’ 320 gʷəl tux̌ʷilcəd gʷəl SCONJ
tux̌ʷu•ilc–t pull•round.thing–ICS
‘And grabs her by the hair.’ 321 hahahaha 322 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 323 k’ʷit’txʷ k’ʷit’–txʷ shoreward–ECS
SSP: ‘He takes them down to the water.’ 324 kʷəduˑptub ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ stabiʔɬ, tiʔəʔ sqiqəlikʷs, tiʔəʔ sʔəɬəds əlgʷəʔ kʷəd•dup–txʷ–b grab•COLL–ECS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
tiʔəʔ stab•iʔɬ tiʔəʔ thing•child PROX
PROX
s=qi–qəlikʷ=s tiʔəʔ sʔəɬəd–s NM=ATTN–blanket=3PO PROX food–3PO
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Things for her child, his little blankets, their food are grabbed up by her.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
71
325 gʷəl q’ilid gʷəl SCONJ
q’ili–t aboard–ICS
‘And she puts them on board.’ 326 huy, təyiltxʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ studəqs huy SCONJ
təyil–txʷ=axʷ go.upriver–ECS=now
tiʔəʔ
studəq–s slave–3PO
PROX
‘Then, he takes his slaves upstream.’ 327 tiˑləb ʔudaʔad tiʔəʔ stutudəqs tiləb ʔu–daʔa–t tiʔəʔ immediately PFV–name–ICS PROX
s=tu–tudəq–s NM=ATTN–slave–3PO
‘He names his little slave right away.’ 328 daʔad ʔə kʷi ɬəɬəwabixʷ daʔa–t named–ICS
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ
‘He names him ɬəɬəwabixʷ.’ 329 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 330 ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ
SSP: ‘ɬəɬəwabixʷ.’ 331 təyil təyil go.upriver
‘They go upstream’
72
Star Child
332 gʷəl ɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔal x̌ʷix̌ʷalič, siʔab ʔi studəq gʷəl SCONJ
ɬčil arrive
dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
tiʔiɬ ʔal x̌ʷix̌ʷalič at x̌ʷix̌ʷalič
DIST
siʔab ʔi studəq master and slave
‘And they arrive at x̌ʷix̌ʷalič, nobleman and slaves.’ 333 ʔuˑ, ƛ’uləšədᶻal tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔu
ƛ’u=lə=šədᶻal tiʔəʔ HAB=PROG=go.outside PROX
INTJ
qaw’qs raven
‘Oh, Raven always goes outside.’ 334 gʷəl ƛ’uləcup’əc’didusəd tiʔəʔ studəqs liɬʔal p’əc’ gʷəl
ƛ’u=ləcu–p’əc’–di–t–us–t
SCONJ
HAB=CONT–defecate–SS–ICS–face–ICS
tiʔəʔ studəq–s slave–3PO
PROX
liɬ–ʔal PRLV–at
p’əc’ defecate
‘And he relieves himself on the face of his slave with his feces’ 335 x̌ʷul’ bət’əqt’qaladiʔ ʔə kʷi sp’əc’ ʔə qaw’qs x̌ʷul’ bə=t’əq–t’q•aladiʔ ʔə kʷi s=p’əc’ ʔə qaw’qs just ADD=DSTR–adhere•side.of.head PR REM NM=defecate PR raven
‘The sides of her head are just crusted with the excrement of Raven.’ 336 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 337 huy sixʷ tudəqiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ tudᶻilid tadiʔ t’ət’əwaʔs huy
sixʷ
SCONJ
PTCL
tudəq–il=axʷ tsiʔəʔ tudᶻil–i–t tadiʔ enslaved–INCH=now PROX:FEM bend.forward–SS–ICS DIST.DMA
t’ət’əwaʔs star
SSP: ‘So now this one woman who rejected the star way up there becomes a slave.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
73
338 huy p’aƛ’aƛ’iləxʷ huy
p’aƛ’aƛ’–il=axʷ worthless–INCH=now
SCONJ
‘Then she becomes beggarly.’ 339 ʔa gʷəl saliʔiləxʷ ʔa
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
saliʔ–il=axʷ two–INCH=now
‘Now we come to the second part (of the story).’ 340 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ bədaʔs ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔə dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔa be.there
tiʔəʔ PROX
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ ʔə PR
DIST
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
‘Her son is there with the women from upriver.’ 341 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 342 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 343 gʷəl ləluˑƛ’il gʷəl
lə=luƛ’–il
SCONJ
PROG=old–INCH
SSP: ‘And he gets older.’ 344 ləʔibʔibəš lə=ʔib–ʔibəš PROG=DSTR–travel
‘He walks around.’
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
74
Star Child
345 tiləb ʔusaxʷəb tiʔəʔ č’ač’as tiləb immediately
ʔu–saxʷəb
tiʔəʔ
PFV–run
PROX
č’ač’as child
‘Right away he runs.’ 346 k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa tsi ʔəsɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷalus ʔal tadiʔ k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa tsi ʔas–ɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷ•alus mother be.there SPEC:FEM STAT–staring•eyes
ʔal at
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘ “Mother, there is someone with big eyes over there.” ’ 347 čad, čad čad čad where where
‘ “Where, where?” ’ 348 ʔal tadiʔ ʔal at
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘ “Over there.” ’ 349 sč’istxʷ čəɬ ti dəgʷi sč’istxʷ 8 sč’istxʷ husband
čəɬ ti dəgʷi 1PL.PO SPEC you
sč’istxʷ husband
‘ “You are our husband, a husband,” ’ 350 cutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ tiʔiɬ č’ač’as cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
tsiʔəʔ tiʔiɬ PROX:FEM DIST
č’ač’as child
‘The woman says to this boy.’ 351 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
8
The term sč’istxʷ ‘husband’ is used here in the sense of ‘provider’ or ‘breadwinner’.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
75
352 huy, čəɬtxʷəxʷ q’čic tiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
čəɬ–txʷ=axʷ make–ECS=now
q’čic bow
tiʔəʔ PROX
SSP: ‘Then, she makes him a bow.’ 353 puʔpəy’ičəd puʔ–pəy’ič–t ATTN–curve•covering–ICS
‘She puts a bowstring on it.’ 354 bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd čəɬ tə stab adsut’uc’ud čəxʷ ɬuɬuƛ’iləxʷ bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd all food
čəɬ tə stab 1PL.PO NSPEC what
ad=s=ʔu–t’uc’u–t čəxʷ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–shoot–ICS 2SG.SUB
ɬu–ɬuƛ’–il=axʷ ATTN–old–INCH=now
‘ “Everything you shoot is food for us as you grow up.” ’ 355 ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as ʔux̌ʷ go
tiʔəʔ PROX
č’ač’as child
‘The boy goes.’ 356 gʷəl t’uc’ud tsiʔəʔ sqʷiʔəqʷ gʷəl SCONJ
t’uc’u–t shot–ICS
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sqʷiʔəqʷ squirrel
‘And he shoots a squirrel.’ 357 huy, ʔəƛ’txʷyidəxʷ tsiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
ʔəƛ’–txʷ–yi–t=axʷ come–ECS–DAT–ICS=now
‘And he brings it to her.’ 358 huy, q’ʷəx̌ʷtəb huy SCONJ
q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t–b butcher–ICS–PASS
‘Then it is butchered.’
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
76
Star Child
359 gʷəl sʔəɬəd gʷəl SCONJ
sʔəɬəd food
‘And it is food.’ 360 ʔaˑ gʷəl ləluˑƛ’il ʔa be.there
gʷəl
lə=luƛ’–il
SCONJ
PROG=old–INCH
‘He is there and he grows up.’ 361 gʷəl bəšudxʷ tiʔiɬ bədəč’uʔ gʷəl
bə=šuɬ–dxʷ
tiʔiɬ
bə=dəč’uʔ
SCONJ
ADD=see–DC
DIST
ADD=one
‘And he sees another one.’ 362 laʔbəxʷ higʷəxʷ kʷədiʔ q’čictəgʷi həlaʔb=axʷ hikʷ=axʷ really=now big=now
kʷədiʔ
q’čictəgʷi bow
REM.DMA
‘His bow is very big.’ 363 ʔu k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa tiʔiɬ ʔušudxʷ čəd ʔu INTJ
k’ʷuyəʔ mother
ʔa be.there
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ čəd 1SG.SUB
PFV–see–DC
‘ “Oh, Mother, there is something I saw.’ 364 haaˑc k’ʷəlk’ʷəladiʔs haac long
k’ʷəl–k’ʷəladiʔs DSTR–ear
‘ “It had long ears.” ’ 365 sč’istxʷ čəɬ ti dəgʷi sč’istxʷ sč’istxʷ husband
čəɬ 1PL.PO
ti SPEC
dəgʷi you
sč’istxʷ husband
‘ “You are our husband, a husband.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
77
366 t’uc’ud čəxʷ t’uc’u–t shot–ICS
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You shoot it.’ 367 bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd čəɬ tə bək’ʷ stab bək’ʷ sʔəɬəd all food
čəɬ 1PL.PO
tə NSPEC
bək’ʷ all
stab what
‘ “Everything is food for us.” ’ 368 huy, t’uc’udəxʷ tsiʔəʔ k’ʷčidiʔ huy SCONJ
t’uc’u–t=axʷ shoot–ICS=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
k’ʷčidiʔ rabbit
‘Then he shoots the rabbit’ 369 huy, ʔux̌ʷtxʷyidəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–yi–t=axʷ go–ECS–DAT–ICS=now
‘Then he takes it to her.’ 370 ʔux̌ʷtxʷyidəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–yi–t=axʷ go–ECS–DAT–ICS=now
‘He takes it to her.’ 371 gʷəl ləq’ʷax̌ʷtəb ʔə tsiʔəˑʔ gʷəl
lə=q’ʷax̌ʷ–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=butcher–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘And it is butchered.’ 372 gʷəl q’ʷəlb əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ k’ʷčidiʔ gʷəl SCONJ
q’ʷəl–b əlgʷəʔ ʔə cooked–CSMD PL PR
‘And they cook it.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
k’ʷčidiʔ rabbit
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Star Child
373 gʷəl ləhuˑydxʷ gʷəl
lə=huyu–dxʷ
SCONJ
PROG=made–ECS
‘And they manage to do it.’ 374 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 375 diˑɬ sixʷ kʷi bəšudxʷs kʷi ʔəsɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷalus diɬ
sixʷ
kʷi
bə=s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s
kʷi
ʔas–ɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷ•alus
FOC
PTCL
REM
ADD=NM=see–DC=3PO
REM
STAT–stare•eyes
SSP: ‘Again he sees something with staring eyes.’ 376 k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa tsi ʔəsɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷalus ʔušudxʷ čəd k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa tsi ʔas–ɬax̌ʷɬax̌ʷ•alus mother be.there SPEC:FEM STAT–staring•eyes
ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ čəd 1SG.SUB
PFV–see–DC
‘ “Mama, there is someone with big eyes I saw.” ’ 377 xʷiʔ xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsucutcut xʷiʔ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
NEG
ad=s=ʔu–cut–cut 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say
‘ “No! No! Don’t say that!’ 378 sč’istxʷ čəɬ ti dəgʷi sč’istxʷ husband
čəɬ 1PL.PO
ti SPEC
dəgʷi you
‘ “You are our husband.” ’ 379 ʔa gʷəl ləhuyudəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ laʔb q’čic ʔa gʷəl lə=huyu–t=axʷ be.there SCONJ PROG=made–ICS=now
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘He is there and a real bow is now made for him.’
həlaʔb q’čic really bow
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
79
380 hikʷ hikʷ big
‘It is big.’ 381 huy, t’uc’utəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ č’ač’as tsiʔəʔ sqigʷac huy SCONJ
t’uc’u–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ shoot–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX
‘Then the boy shoots a deer.’ 382 huy, ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
‘Then he goes after it’ 383 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 384 gʷəl tx̌ʷutəb gʷəl SCONJ
tx̌ʷu–t–b pull–ICS–PASS
SSP: ‘And pulls it.’ 385 mmm 386 huy, q’ʷəx̌ʷtəbaxʷ huy SCONJ
q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t–b=axʷ butcher–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then it is butchered.’ 387 huy, luƛ’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ gə[t] huy SCONJ
luƛ’–il=axʷ old–INCH=now
‘Then this guy grows up.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
gət guy
č’ač’as child
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sqigʷac deer
80
Star Child
388 xʷiʔəxʷ ləgʷəč’gʷč’i[ɬəd] xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
lə=gʷəč’–gʷč’•iɬəd NEGP=DSTR–search•food
‘He no longer hunts only small game.’ 389 mmm 390 huy, t’uc’ud kʷi kʷagʷičəd huy SCONJ
t’uc’u–t kʷi kʷagʷičəd shoot–ICS REM elk
‘Then he shoots an elk.’ 391 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 392 t’uc’udəxʷ t’uc’u–t=axʷ shoot–ICS=now
SSP: ‘He shoots it.’ 393 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 394 t’uc’udəxʷ t’uc’u–t=axʷ shoot–ICS=now
SSP: ‘He shoots it.’ 395 ʔa kʷaʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔa kʷaʔ be.there PTCL
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘There, though, is Diaper Child.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
81
396 ʔəstudəqil ʔal ti qaw’qs ʔas–studəq–il STAT–slave–INCH
ʔal at
ti SPEC
qaw’qs raven
‘He has become the slave of Raven.’ 397 ʔahəxʷ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
‘There he is now.’ 398 gʷəl ləluˑƛ’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl
lə=luƛ’–il=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PROG=old–INCH=now
PROX
diʔəʔ here
tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘And this one, Diaper Child, is growing older.’ 399 ɬuƛ’ačupəxʷ ɬu=ƛ’a•čup=axʷ IRR=go•firewood=now
‘He goes out now to get firewood.’ 400 šəƛ’aptubəx dxʷʔal tə xʷədᶻaʔəb šəƛ’•ap–txʷ–b=ax scorch•bottom–ECS–PASS=now
dxʷ–ʔal
tə
CNTRPT–at
NSPEC
xʷədᶻaʔəb xʷədᶻaʔəb
‘He is sent toward xʷədᶻaʔəb.’ 401 diɬ sdaʔs diɬ FOC
sdaʔ–s name–3PO
‘That is its name.’ 402 šəƛ’aptubəxʷ šƛ’•ap–txʷ–b=axʷ scorch•bottom–ECS–PASS=now
‘He is sent to fell trees by burning through a hole at its base.’
82
Star Child
403 ʔaˑ gʷəl tuqəldub ʔə tiʔiɬ gə(t) tiʔəʔ č’ač’as ʔa
gʷəl
tu=qəl–dxʷ–b
INTJ
SCONJ
PAST=bad–DC–PASS
ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST
gət guy
tiʔəʔ PROX
č’ač’as child
‘These gals have warned this boy.’ 404 tux̌ʷ ɬadəxʷstubš tux̌ʷ ɬu=ad=dəxʷ=stubš just IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=man
‘ “Only when you are a grown man,’ 405 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 406 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsčalad kʷagʷičəd ɬuʔux̌ʷəs ʔə tə ʔa xʷiʔ kʷi NEG
REM
ad=s=čala–t kʷagʷičəd 2SG.PO=NM=chased–ICS elk
ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ=as IRR=go=3SBRD
ʔə tə PR NSPEC
ʔa be.there
SSP: ‘ “Shall you follow an elk over in that direction.’ 407 cukʷ kʷi ləcudxʷdiʔucid kʷi ləcučalad čəxʷ cukʷ kʷi only REM
ləcu–dxʷ–diʔu–t–sid
kʷi
ləcu–čala–t
CONT–CTD–other.side–ICS–2SG.OBJ
REM
CONT–chase–ICS
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “Only those which go across the water are you to follow.” ’ 408 ʔu, ʔəsčal əw’ə tiʔiɬ cəxʷuqəldup ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ gʷəxʷiʔəs gʷədsčalad kʷi tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔistaʔ ʔu INTJ
ʔas–čal əw’ə STAT–how seem
tiʔiɬ d=dəxʷ=ʔu–qəl•dup DIST 1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–stop•COLL
ʔə tiʔ–iʔiɬ PR PL–DIST
gʷə=xʷiʔ=as gʷə=d=s=čala–t kʷi tatačulbixʷ SBJ=NEG=3SBRD SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=chase–ICS REM big.game.animal dxʷ–ʔistaʔ CNTRPT–be.like
‘ “Now why am I forbidden to follow my game in that direction?’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
83
409 ƛ’ub čəd haw’ə ʔutəlawil ƛ’ub well
čəd haw’ə ʔu–təlawil 1SG.SUB PTCL PFV–run
‘ “I guess I had better run.” ’ 410 ʔuʔux̌ʷ ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go
‘He goes.’ 411 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 412 huy, təlawiləxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as huy
təlawil=axʷ run=now
SCONJ
tiʔəʔ PROX
č’ač’as child
SSP: ‘Then, the boy runs.’ 413 gʷəl q’ilus gʷəl
q’ilus reach.the.top.of
SCONJ
‘He gets to the top.’ 414 gʷəl šuuc gʷəl SCONJ
šuɬ–c see–ALTV
‘And he looks at it.’ 415 ʔuˑ ləcuqʷəšqʷəšəb tadiʔ q’ixʷ ʔu INTJ
ləcu–qʷəš–qʷəšəb CONT–DSTR–smoke
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
q’ixʷ upstream
‘Oh, there is something creating some smoke upriver.’
84
Star Child
416 ləcuqʷəšqʷəšəb tiʔəʔ ʔaɬx̌ad ləcu–qʷəš–qʷəšəb CONT–DSTR–smoke
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔaɬx̌ad downstream
‘Smoke is rising downstream.’ 417 gʷəl biˑʔman’ dᶻidᶻəɬixʷ tiʔəʔ cəxʷcutəbids tiʔəʔ stuləkʷ kʷa hikʷ stuləkʷ gʷəl
biʔman’ dᶻi–dᶻəɬixʷ tiʔəʔ d=dəxʷ=cut–b–i–t=s small
SCONJ
tiʔəʔ
ATTN–creek
stuləkʷ river
PROX
kʷaʔ PTCL
PROX
hikʷ big
1SG.PO=ADNM=say–MD–SS–ICS=3PO stuləkʷ river
‘He thinks it was just a small creek, this that is really a large river.’ 418 ʔuˑ diɬ xʷuʔələʔ cəxʷtul’ʔa kʷi cəxʷqadaditəb ʔə tiʔiɬ xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu
diɬ
INTJ
FOC
xʷuʔələʔ maybe
d=dəxʷ=tul’–ʔa kʷi 1SG.PO=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there REM
d=dəxʷ=qada–di–t–b ʔə tiʔiɬ 1SG.PO=ADNM=steal–SS–ICS–PASS PR DIST
xʷiʔ NEG
lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
‘ “Oh, maybe that is where the no-good ones stole me from.’ 419 tiʔiʔiɬ ʔəsɬaɬlil tiʔ–iʔiɬ ʔas–ɬaɬlil PL–DIST STAT–live
‘ “From those who are living there.’ 420 ɬuhaydxʷ čələp ɬu=hay–dxʷ čələp IRR=know–DC 2PL.SUB
‘ “You guys will know.” ’ 421 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
85
422 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəˑʔ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ PROX go
SSP: ‘He goes.’ 423 ləsč’ič’ədᶻəd tiʔaʔ ləs–č’i–č’ədᶻ–t PROG.STAT–ATTN–stalk–ICS
tiʔaʔ PROX:UNQ
‘Stealthily he creeps up on them.’ 424 tasx̌ik’ʷx̌ik’ʷəb tu=ʔas–x̌ik’ʷ–x̌ik’ʷəb PAST=STAT–DSTR–lonely
‘They were alone.’ 425 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘He goes.’ 426 gʷəl ləlil’əqalatxʷ gʷəl
lə=li–l’əq•alatxʷ
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–be.in.be.in.right.place.place•house
‘He comes close to the house.’ 427 gʷəl tubsč’istxʷ kʷədaʔ tsiʔəʔ gʷətuxʷiʔəs, xʷiʔəs gʷətudsƛ’aʔalqəb čəd[a] tusaxʷəbid tsi luƛ’ čəda tup’aɬabacyid ʔə tiʔiɬ səsʔaladᶻtəgʷi tiʔiɬ č’ač’as gʷəl SCONJ
tu=bə=sč’istxʷ kʷədaʔ PAST=ADD=husband PTCL
tsiʔəʔ gʷə=tu=xʷiʔ=as xʷiʔ=as PROX:FEM SBJ=PAST=NEG=3SUB NEG=3SUB
gʷə=tu=d=s=ƛ’aʔalq–b čəda SBJ=PAST=1SG.PO=NM=notice–MD 1SG.COORD luƛ’ old
čəda 1SG.COORD
tu=saxʷəb–bi–t
tsi
PAST=run–MAP–ICS
SPEC:FEM
tu=p’aɬ•abac–yi–t PAST=examine•body–DAT–ICS
s=ʔas–ʔaladᶻ–t–agʷid NM=STAT–care.for–ICS–TOBJ
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
č’ač’as child
‘ “And would there be a provider if it were not for the fact that I noticed and took him from the old woman and I examined the child that she was babysitting?” ’
86
Star Child
428 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 429 ʔuˑ, tusqadaʔ haw’ə čəd ʔə tə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu INTJ
tu=ʔas–qadaʔ PAST=STAT–steal
haw’ə PTCL
čəd 1SG.SUB
ʔə PR
tə
xʷiʔ
lə=haʔɬ
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
SSP: ‘ “Oh, so I was stolen by these no good people.’ 430 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 431 ʔuhaydxʷ čələp ʔu–hay–dxʷ PFV–known–DC
čələp 2PL.SUB
SSP: ‘ “You folks know it.” ’ 432 ʔaˑ bəbəlkʷaxʷ ʔa
bə=bəlkʷ=axʷ
INTJ
ADD=return=now
‘Thereupon he returns.’ 433 gʷəl ləkʷiʔkʷtxʷ ʔə kʷi sʔəˑƛ’s gʷəl
lə=kʷiʔ–kʷ–txʷ
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–call.out–ECS
ʔə PR
kʷi
s=ʔəƛ’=s
REM
NM=come=3PO
‘And he makes some noise as he approached.’ 434 gʷəl gʷəƛ’əbk’ʷadəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ gʷəl
gʷə=səba–t=axʷ
tiʔ–iʔəʔ
SCONJ
SBJ=quiet–ICS=now
PL–PROX
‘And they stop talking.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
87
435 x̌aƛ’txʷ gʷəsaydxʷs ʔəsčal kʷədiʔ dᶻixʷ kʷədaʔ dxʷkʷədatiʔ x̌aƛ’–txʷ gʷə=s=hay–dxʷ=s ʔas–čal kʷədiʔ like–ECS SBJ=NM=know–DC=3PO STAT–how REM.DMA
dᶻixʷ kʷədaʔ first PTCL
dxʷ–kʷəda–t–id CTD–taken–ICS–PASS.SBRD
‘He is curious to learn how he was taken by these people first.’ 436 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ gʷəl, wiliq’ʷitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ čəgʷas ʔa
tiʔəʔ gʷəl
INTJ
PROX
SCONJ
wiliq’ʷi–t–b ask–ICS–PASS
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘Then he is asked by his wife,’ 437 ʔa ʔu kʷ(i) adsxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔa be.there
ʔu
kʷi
INT
REM
ad=sxʷiʔxʷiʔ 2SG.PO=game
‘ “Do you have any game?’’ 438 ʔa ʔah be.there
‘ “Yes.’ 439 ʔəsɬaq’ ʔal ti ʔal tadiʔ ʔas–ɬaq’a ʔal ti ʔal STAT–fall at SPEC at
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘ “It is lying way over there.” ’ 440 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘She goes.’ 441 gʷəl ləkʷədad tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd gʷəl
lə=kʷəda–t
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PROG=taken–ICS
PROX
‘And she takes this elk’
kʷagʷičəd elk
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
88
Star Child
442 gʷəl tx̌ʷud gʷəl SCONJ
tx̌ʷu–t pull–ICS
‘And she pulls it.’ 443 čəbaʔəd čəbaʔ–t backpack–ICS
‘She backpacks it.’ 444 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 445 q’ʷəx̌ʷəd q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t butcher–ICS
SSP: ‘She butchers it.’ 446 kʷačil kʷačil day.begins
‘It dawns.’ 447 gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ gʷəl
bə=ʔux̌ʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go
‘And he goes.’ 448 ʔahəxʷ x̌ʷul’əxʷ diɬ tiʔiɬ, tiʔiɬ ʔəslax̌dxʷəxʷ ʔa=axʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ be.there=now just=now
diɬ
tiʔiɬ
tiʔiɬ
ʔas–lax̌–dxʷ=axʷ
FOC
DIST
DIST
STAT–remember–DC=now
‘He is there and he just remembers this.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
89
449 bəɬčiˑl tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bə=ɬčil ADD=arrive
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘He arrives.’ 450 ƛ’al’ bələcuyabuk’ʷ ƛ’al’ bə=ləcu–yabuk’ʷ also ADD=CONT–fight
‘And they are still quarreling.’ 451 ʔuˑ, tasqadaʔ haw’ə čəd ʔə tə dxʷsaʔsaʔus ʔu INTJ
tu=ʔas–qadaʔ PAST=STAT–steal
haw’ə PTCL
čəd 1SG.SUB
ʔə PR
‘ “So I was stolen by these bad people.’ 452 ɬuhaydxʷ čələp ɬu=hay–dxʷ IRR=know–DC
čələp 2PL.SUB
‘ “You guys will know.’ 453 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 454 ɬučaladəxʷ čəd tiʔiɬ kʷagʷičəd ɬu=čala–t=axʷ čəd tiʔiɬ IRR=chase–ICS=now 1SG.SUB DIST
kʷagʷičəd elk
SSP: ‘ “I’m going now to chase that elk.’ 455 ɬučaladəxʷ čəd ɬu=čala–t=axʷ čəd IRR=chase–ICS=now 1SG.SUB
‘ “I will chase it.” ’
tə
dxʷ–saʔ–saʔus
NSPEC
CTD–DSTR–bad
90
Star Child
456 huy, saxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd dxʷgʷəd, q’ixʷbid ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal Sedro Woolley huy
saxʷəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd dxʷ–gʷəd q’ixʷ–bid run–MD=now PROX elk CNTRPT–down upstream–RLNL
SCONJ
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔal Sedro Woolley at Sedro Woolley
‘Then the elk runs downhill, upstream from above Sedro Woolley.’ 457 saxʷəb dxʷgʷəd saxʷəb dxʷ–gʷəd run CNTRPT–down
‘It runs downhill’ 458 ʔaˑ gʷəl gʷədil ʔalil tiʔiɬ cak’ʷdup ʔa
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
gʷəd–il down–INCH
ʔal–il at–INCH
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘Oh, and it sits (as it) comes to level ground.’ 459 gʷəl gʷəlald gʷəl SCONJ
gʷəlal–t kill–ICS
‘And he kills it.’ 460 q’ʷəx̌ʷəd q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t butcher–ICS
‘He butchers it.’ 461 dxʷʔix̌ʷigʷədid dxʷ–ʔix̌ʷi•igʷəd–i–t CTD–thrown•insides–SS–ICS
‘He throws away the insides.’ 462 gʷəl šəqəd gʷəl SCONJ
šq–t high–ICS
‘And he raises it.’
cak’ʷdup level
ʔə PR
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
91
463 k’iɬid k’iɬi–t hang–ICS
‘He hangs it up.’ 464 kʷədad tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ kʷəda–t taken–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔudaw’ tallow
‘He takes the tallow.’ 465 gʷəl dəgʷaš ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiɬʔičids, dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷdəwalc … gʷəl SCONJ
dəkʷa–š ʔal inside–ICS at
tiʔəʔ ʔiɬ–ʔičid–s dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ PRTV–quiver–3PO ADNM=be.there PR PROX
PROX
dəxʷ=dəkʷ•alc ADNM=inside•PRDCT
‘And he packs it with his hunting equipment ...’ 466 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 467 tiʔəʔ dxʷq’čic ʔi tiʔəʔ t’isəds tiʔəʔ PROX
dxʷ–q’čic ʔi CTD–bow CONJ
tiʔəʔ PROX
t’isəd–s arrow–3PO
SSP: ‘... with his bow and his arrows.’ 468 huy huy SCONJ
Unknown man: ‘Huy.’ 469 yəyəhub k’ʷuyəʔ yəyəhub tell.story
k’ʷuyəʔ mom
AS: ‘Tell it, Mom.’
92
Star Child
The first side of the first reel of tape runs out and the next side begins with something indistinct spoken by Al Sampson before the story continues. 470 diˑɬ kʷi sugʷtəb tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys diɬ
kʷi
s=ʔugʷ–t–b
FOC
REM
NM=advise–ICS–PASS
tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ Diaper.Child PR PROX:FEM
PROX
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
SSP: ‘Diaper Child’s mother advises him this way.’ 471 ʔuˑ luƛ’əxʷ kʷədaʔ kʷ(i) adsəxʷstudəq ʔu INTJ
luƛ’=axʷ old=now
kʷədaʔ kʷi PTCL
ad=səxʷ–studəq 2SG.PO=INSTR–slave
REM
‘ “Oh, I guess your dear relative must be older now.’ 472 ʔaləxʷ ʔu tiʔəʔ səxʷstudəq kʷi č’ač’as uʔxʷ ʔal=axʷ ʔu tiʔəʔ at=now INT PROX
səxʷ=studəq
kʷi
INSTR–slave
REM
č’ač’as child
uʔxʷ PTCL
‘ “Surely he is no longer a child?’ 473 luƛ’əxʷ xʷuʔələʔ stubš luƛ’=axʷ xʷuʔələʔ stubš old=now maybe man
‘ “I suppose by now he is a grown man.’ 474 ɬux̌aab čəxʷ ʔə kʷi ʔəscut ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ adəxʷušəƛ’ap ɬu=x̌aab IRR=cry
čəxʷ ʔə kʷi 2SG.SUB PR REM
ʔas–cut STAT–say
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
ʔal at
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
ad=dəxʷ=ʔu–šəƛ’•ap 2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–scorch•bottom
‘ “You will weep with these words while you are burning down (a fir tree).’ 475 həʔə, həʔə, həʔə həʔə həʔə həʔə hey hey hey
‘♪ “ ‘Hey, hey, hey. ♪’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
93
476 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother PR REM two sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream
‘♪ “ ‘It is said my brother was stolen away by two women of the upriver people. ♪’ 477 tux̌ʷəxʷ čəd k’ʷəɬ ti p’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsi k’ʷuyəʔ tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now
čəd k’ʷəɬ 1SG.SUB QTV
ti SPEC
p’ic’ikʷ ʔə Diaper.Child PR
tsi SPEC:FEM
k’ʷuyəʔ mother
‘♪ “ ‘I am only the Diaper Child of my mother. ♪’ 478 ʔəshuyutəb čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qaˑs ʔas–huyu–t–b čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qas STAT–made–ICS–PASS 1SG.SUB slave PR SPEC raven
‘♪ “ ‘Raven has made me a slave.’ ” ♪’ 479 ƛ’udəxʷšaˑc’əpadup tiʔəʔ č’ač’as, ƛ’u=dəxʷ=šac’əpadup tiʔəʔ HAB=ADNM=sound.forlorn PROX
č’ač’as child
‘Thus the child sounded forlorn.’ 480 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 481 həʔə, həʔə, həʔə həʔə həʔə həʔə hey hey hey
SSP: ‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey. ♪’ 482 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother
ʔə kʷi PR REM
saliʔ two
94
Star Child
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream
‘♪ “It is said that my brother was stolen by two women of the upriver people. ♪’ 483 tux̌ʷəxʷ čəd k’ʷəɬ ti p’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsi k’ʷuyəʔ tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now
čəd k’ʷəɬ 1SG.SUB QTV
ti SPEC
p’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
ʔə tsi PR SPEC:FEM
k’ʷuyəʔ mother
‘♪ “I’m the Diaper Child of my mother. ♪’ 484 ʔəshuyutəb čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qas ʔas–huyu–t–b čəd studəq ʔə STAT–made–ICS–PASS 1SG.SUB slave PR
ti SPEC
qaw’qas Raven
SSP: ‘♪ “I’ve been made a slave by Raven.” ♪’ 485 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 486 ʔaˑ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔa be.there
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
SSP: ‘There is this one.’ 487 tuq’ʷəx̌ʷəd tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd tu=q’ʷəx̌ʷ–t PAST=butcher–ICS
tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd elk
PROX
‘He had butchered the elk.’ 488 gʷəl tuk’iɬid gʷəl
tu=k’iɬi–t
SCONJ
PAST=hang–ICS
‘And he hung it up.’ 489 huy, tudəgʷašəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiɬičids huy SCONJ
tu=dəkʷa–š=axʷ tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ ʔal tiʔəʔ PAST=inside.something.small–ICS=now PROX tallow at PROX
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
95
ʔiɬ–ʔičid–s PRTV–quiver–3PO
‘Then he packed the tallow in his quiver.’ 490 gʷəl k’ʷit’ gʷəl SCONJ
k’ʷit’ shoreward
‘And he goes shoreward.’ 491 ʔa k’ʷil ʔa
k’ʷil peek
INTJ
‘Oh, he peers.’ 492 ləcuƛ’əladiʔ ʔal tiʔiɬ ləcuqʷiqʷəšəb ləcu–ƛ’əladiʔ CONT–make.noise
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ
ləcu–qʷi–qʷəšəb
DIST
CONT–ATTN–smoke
‘Someone is making noise where that little smoke is rising.’ 493 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəʔ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ PROX go
‘He goes’ 494 ʔuč’ədᶻəd ʔu–č’ədᶻ–t PFV–sneak.up–ICS
‘He sneaks up on him.’ 495 gʷəl ləkiis diʔalap ʔə tiʔəʔ [s]ləcušəƛ’ap[s] haw’əʔ gʷəl
lə=kiis
SCONJ
PROG=stand
diʔ•alap other.side•leg
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
s=ləcu–šəƛ’•ap=s NM=CONT–scorch•bottom=3PO
haw’əʔ PTCL
‘He stands on the other side of the tree that is being felled.’
96
Star Child
496 x̌ʷul’ čəd ɬasləqəd x̌ʷul’ čəd just 1SG.SUB
ɬu=ʔas–ləq–t IRR=STAT–listen–ICS
‘ “I’ll just listen to him.’’ 497 həʔə, həʔə, həʔə həʔə hey
həʔə həʔə hey hey
‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey. ♪’ 498 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa ʔə kʷi PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother PR REM sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
saliʔ two
tul’–q’ixʷ CNTRFG–upstream
‘♪ “It is said that my brother was stolen by two women of the upriver people. ♪’ 499 tux̌ʷ čəd k’ʷəɬ ti p’ic’ikʷ ʔə tsi k’ʷuyəʔ tux̌ʷ just
čəd k’ʷəɬ 1SG.SUB QTV
ti SPEC
p’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
ʔə PR
tsi SPEC:FEM
‘♪ “I’m the Diaper Child of my mother. ♪’ 500 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 501 ʔəshuyutəb čəd studəq ʔə ti qaw’qas ʔas–huyu–t–b STAT–made–ICS–PASS
čəd 1SG.SUB
studəq slave
ʔə ti PR SPEC
SSP: ‘♪ “I’ve been made a slave by Raven.” ♪’ 502 q’aq’aˑx̌acut tiʔəʔ q’a–q’ax̌a–t–sut ATTN–uncover–ICS–REFL
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘(The older brother) shows himself a little.’
qaw’qas Raven
k’ʷuyəʔ mother
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
97
503 ʔəxʷbutusəb tiʔəʔ č’ač’as ʔas–dxʷ–butusəb tiʔəʔ STAT–CTD–hold.face.with.hands PROX
č’ač’as child
‘The boy has his face covered with his hands.’ 504 ʔəsʔistahəb ʔə ti [s]əsbutusəb[s] ʔə tə sux̌aabs ʔas–ʔistaʔ–b STAT–be.like–PASS
ʔə ti PR SPEC
s=ʔas–butusəb=s NM=STAT–hold.face.with.hands=3PO
s=ʔu–x̌aab=s NM=PFV–cry=3PO
‘He is like this as he cries.’ 505 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 506 gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷitəb, gʷəl
lə=wiliq’ʷi–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=ask–ICS–PASS
SSP: ‘And he is asked,’ 507 ləcuʔidigʷat čəxʷ ləcuʔidigʷat ləcu–ʔidigʷat čəxʷ CONT–say.what 2SG.SUB
‘ “What are you saying?” ’ 508 ləcux̌aab čəd ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m crying.’ 509 dxʷtugʷus dxʷ–tugʷ•us CTD–immerse•face
‘ “I’m drowning my face.’
ləcu–ʔidigʷat CONT–say.what
ʔə PR
tə NSPEC
98
Star Child
510 ləcux̌aab čəd ləcux̌aab ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry
čəd 1SG.SUB
ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry
‘ “I’m crying, crying.” ’ 511 xʷiˑʔ gʷəšudxʷs tiʔəʔ c’əc’xʷaq’s xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s
tiʔəʔ
NEG
SBJ=NM=see–DC=3PO
PROX
c’əc’xʷaq’s shining.being
‘He can’t see this shining being.’ 512 ləcux̌aab čəd ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m crying.’ 513 tuɬik’ʷtub k’ʷəɬ kʷi tudsqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ dəbəɬ tul’q’ixʷ tusqadaʔ[s] tu=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b k’ʷəɬ kʷi tu=d–sqa ʔə kʷi saliʔ PAST=hook–ECS–PASS QTV REM PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother PR REM two sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
tul’–q’ixʷ
tu=s=qadaʔ=s
CNTRFG–upstream
PAST=NM=steal=3PO
‘ “It is said that my brother was stolen by two women of the upriver people.’ 514 tuʔəbsʔəladᶻəɬə[d] k’ʷəɬ kʷsi k’ʷuyəʔ ʔə kʷsi tuluƛ’ tu=ʔas–bəs–ʔəladᶻ•iʔɬ–d k’ʷəɬ kʷsi k’ʷuyəʔ ʔə kʷsi PAST=STAT–PROP–babysit•child–ICS QTV REM.DMA mother PR REM.DMA tu=luƛ’ PAST=old
“‘My mother had an old woman for a babysitter.’ 515 ʔuˑ, tudukʷtxʷəxʷ kʷsi tuluƛ’ ʔu INTJ
tu=dukʷ–txʷ=axʷ kʷsi PAST=change–ECS=now REM.DMA
‘ “She got mad at the old woman’
tu=luƛ’ PAST=old
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
99
516 gʷəl tudᶻubdᶻubudəxʷ gʷəl
tu=dᶻub–dᶻubu–t=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=DSTR–kick–ICS=now
‘ “And kicked her,’ 517 gʷəl tubəhuyil p’q’ac gʷəl
tu=bə=huyu–il
SCONJ
PAST=ADD=made–INCH
p’q’ac rotten.wood
‘ “And she became a rotten log,’ 518 gʷəl tuʔibəš gʷəl
tu=ʔibəš
SCONJ
PAST=travel
‘ “And (my mother) walked.’ 519 huy, tuɬčisəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ qaw’qs čɬa stətudəqəxʷ ʔə ti qaw’qs huy SCONJ
tu=ɬčil–s–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ qaw’qs PAST=arrive–ALTV–PASS=now PR DIST he raven
čɬa 1PL.COORD
stə–tudəq=axʷ ʔə ti qaw’qs ATTN–slave=now PR SPEC raven
‘ “Then that Raven came to her and now we are slaves of Raven.’ 520 ʔahəxʷ čəɬ q’ixʷ ʔa=axʷ čəɬ be.there=now 1PL.PO
q’ixʷ upstream
‘ “We are there upriver now.’ 521 ʔəshuyutubuɬəxʷ studəq ʔas–huyu–txʷ–buɬ=axʷ STAT–made–ECS–1PL.OBJ=now
studəq slave
‘ “We’ve been made slaves.’ 522 ʔəshuyutub[uɬ] sʔušəbabdxʷ tiʔiɬ qaw’qs ʔas–huyu–txʷ–buɬ sʔušəbabdxʷ STAT–made–ECS–1PL.OBJ poor.guy
tiʔiɬ DIST
qaw’qs raven
‘ “We have been made riff-raff by that Raven.’
100
Star Child
523 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 524 x̌ʷul’əxʷ čəɬ x̌ʷul 9 x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
x̌ʷul be.near
SSP: ‘ “We are just nearby.” ’ 525 saliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tiʔiɬ cəxʷʔa saliʔ two
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
tiʔiɬ
PL–woman
DIST
d=dəxʷ=ʔa 1SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
‘ “There are two women where I am.’ 526 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷədsəsaydxʷ tul’čad gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=d=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ
tul’–čad
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC
CNTRFG–where
‘ “And I don’t know where they are from.’ 527 ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ tə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ HAB=fight
tə
xʷiʔ
lə=haʔɬ
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “The good-for-nothings quarrel all the time.’ 528 ck’ʷaqid ʔuyabuk’ʷ bək’ʷ səɬax̌il čəda ƛ’asləqid x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔiɬ ləʔux̌ʷtxʷ čəxʷ ck’ʷaqid ʔu–yabuk’ʷ always PFV–quarrel
bək’ʷ s=lə=ɬax̌–il čəda all NM=PROG=dark–INCH 1SG.COORD
ƛ’u=ʔas–ləq•qid x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔiɬ lə=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ HAB=STAT–listen•voice same.way PR DIST PROG=go–ECS
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “They quarrel every night and I listen to them saying what you are saying now.’
9
The transcription and gloss of the last word in this line are uncertain.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
101
529 tux̌ʷəxʷ kʷsi dstab[igʷs] kʷi ɬucəxʷčubə, tux̌ʷəxʷ ti dəgʷdəgʷalap ʔi ti dpuʔtəd tux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷsi d–stabigʷs kʷi just=now REM.DMA 1SG.PO–things REM tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now
ti SPEC
ɬu=d=dəxʷ=čubə IRR=1SG.PO=ADNM=go.inland
d–dəgʷdəgʷalap ʔi 1SG.PO–pants CONJ
ti SPEC
d–puʔtəd 1SG.PO–shirt
‘ “It is just my things now that I will have to go and get, my pants and my shirt.’ 530 ɬax̌əxʷ kʷədaʔ čəda ɬuɬaʔ ɬax̌=axʷ dark=now
kʷədaʔ PTCL
čəda 1SG.COORD
ɬu=ɬaʔ IRR=arrive
‘ “I guess it will be night before I arrive there.’ 531 ʔəɬəd tiʔəʔ tə ʔudaw’ ʔəɬəd feed.on
tiʔəʔ
tə
PROX
NSPEC
ʔudaw’ tallow
‘ “Eat this tallow.” ’ 532 yəx̌i hiwisəxʷ tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs yəx̌i because
hiwil–s=axʷ go.ahead–ALTV=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘Because he had approached his younger brother,’ 533 gʷəl dxʷtašusəd tašad gʷəl SCONJ
dxʷ–taš•us–t CTD–stroke•face–ICS
taša–t stroke–ICS
‘And he stroked his face, he stroked him.’ 534 yuˑ ləgʷəb tiʔəʔ sqas (h)aʔɬ yu ləgʷəb good youth
tiʔəʔ PROX
sqa–s haʔɬ older.brother–3PO good
‘His older brother is a good-looking young man.’
102
Star Child
535 ʔəshiiɬ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔas–hiiɬ STAT–happy
tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘This makes Diaper Child happy.’ 536 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 537 ʔuˑ, ɬuq’iləb čəd ʔə tiʔiɬ hud ʔu INTJ
ɬu=q’ili–b čəd ʔə tiʔiɬ hud IRR=aboard–CSMD 1SG.SUB PR DIST firewood
SSP: ‘ “Oh, I’ll load your canoe with wood.’ 538 xʷəƛ’gʷasyicid čəd xʷəƛ’•gʷas–yi–t–sid split•pair–DAT–ICS–2SG.OBJ
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’ll break it up into pieces for you.” ’ 539 kʷədatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷədiʔ sək’ʷəbac kʷəda–t–b taken–ICS–PASS
ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷədiʔ PR PROX REM.DMA
‘He took alder.’ 540 gʷəl č’axʷduptəˑb gʷəl SCONJ
č’axʷa•dup–t–b clubbed•COLL–ICS–PASS
‘And he pounded it’ 541 gʷəl xʷəƛ’gʷas gʷəl SCONJ
xʷəƛ’•gʷas split•pair
‘And he broke it into pieces.’
sək’ʷəbac alder.tree
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
103
542 gʷəl q’iləb[yi]d tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs gʷəl SCONJ
q’ili–b–yi–t aboard–CSMD–DAT–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘And he loaded the canoe for his brother.’ 543 gʷəl ləcut tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl
lə=cut
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PROG=say
PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘And Diaper Child said,’ 544 ʔuˑ, ɬasx̌ʷal’bid čəd kʷədaʔ gʷəɬuq’ʷibidəd ʔu INTJ
ɬu=ʔas=x̌ʷal’–bi–t čəd kʷədaʔ IRR=STAT–lack.control–MAP–ICS 1SG.SUB PTCL gʷə=ɬu=q’ʷibi–t=ad SBJ=IRR=fix–ICS=1SG.SBRD
‘ “Oh, I’ll never be able to unload all of that.” ’ 545 xʷiʔ x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuʔix̌ʷdupəd xʷiʔ NEG
x̌ʷul’ just
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ɬu=ʔix̌ʷi•dup–t IRR=thrown•COLL–ICS
‘ “No, you’ll just throw it all out easily.’ 546 dukʷəɬdat čəda ɬuʔəƛ’ dadatu[t] dukʷəɬdat tomorrow
čəda ɬu=ʔəƛ’ 1SG.COORD IRR=come
dadatut morning
‘ “I’ll come tomorrow morning.’ 547 ʔəƛ’txʷ kʷi hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ dəxʷq’il ʔə kʷi kʷagʷičəd ʔal tiʔəʔ t’aq’t ʔəƛ’–txʷ kʷi hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ dəxʷ=q’ili ʔə kʷi come–ECS REM big shovel.nose.canoe ADNM=load.vehicle PR REM kʷagʷičəd ʔal tiʔəʔ elk at PROX
t’aq’t inland
‘ “Bring a big canoe to put the elk into, it is right up the hill.’
104
Star Child
548 xʷiʔ ləlil xʷiʔ
lə=lil
NEG
NEGP=far
‘ “It is not far.’ 549 tiləb čəɬ ɬutəyil tiləb immediately
čəɬ 1PL.PO
ɬu=təyil IRR=go.upriver
‘ “Right away we will travel upstream.’ 550 tiʔaʔ tə ʔudaw’ ɬadsʔəɬtxʷ kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy tiʔəʔ tə ʔudaw’ ɬu=ad=s=ʔəɬ–txʷ kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy PROX.DMA NSPEC tallow IRR=2SG.PO=NM=eat–ECS REM.DMA 2SG.PO–mother
‘ “Here is some tallow to feed your mother.” ’ 551 ʔuˑ, diɬ sixʷ kʷi ƛ’u[d]sugʷəlaltəb ʔə ti gʷəqaw’qs ɬušudxʷəs kʷi ɬudsup’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] ʔu
diɬ
sixʷ kʷi
ƛ’u=d=s=ʔu–gʷəlal–t–b
INTJ
FOC
PTCL
HAB=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–kill–ICS–PASS
REM
gʷə=qaw’qs ɬu=šuɬ–dxʷ=as SBJ=Raven IRR=see–DC=3SBRD
ʔə ti PR SPEC
kʷi REM
ɬu=d=s=ʔu–p’əc’–p’əc’ IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–defecate
‘ “Oh, I am always beaten by Raven when he examines my feces.” ’ 552 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 553 liləq’aɬucid li–ləq’aɬ•ucid ATTN–be.in.right.place•doorway
SSP: ‘ “Right near the doorway of the house.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
105
554 laʔb liləq’aɬucid ʔə kʷi ʔalʔal kʷ(i) adsp’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] ʔal kʷi səɬax̌il həlaʔb li–ləq’aɬ•ucid ʔə kʷi ʔalʔal kʷi really ATTN–be.in.right.place•doorway PR REM house REM ad=s=p’əc’–p’əc’ ʔal 2SG.PO=NM=DSTR–defecate at
kʷi
s=lə=ɬax̌–il
REM
NM=PROG=dark–INCH
‘ “Near the door of the house is where you will relieve yourself in the evening.’ 555 gʷəl ɬulək’ʷcəb gʷəl
ɬu=lək’ʷ–c–b
SCONJ
IRR=eat–ALTV–PASS
‘ “And he will gulp it down.” ’ 556 cutəb [ʔə] kʷi qaw’qs təɬ ʔəsč’əw’it cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
kʷi REM
qaw’qs raven
təɬ truly
ʔas–č’əw’it STAT–powerful
‘That is said about Raven who is so smart.’ 557 ʔuˑ, təyiˑl tiʔəʔ sp’iˑc’iˑkʷ ʔu INTJ
təyil go.upriver
tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ PROX Diaper.Child
‘Oh, Diaper Child travels upriver.’ 558 gʷəl ləq’il gʷəl
lə=q’ili
SCONJ
PROG=aboard
‘And he arrives (in his canoe).’ 559 gʷəl ʔix̌ʷdupəd tiʔəʔ hud gʷəl SCONJ
ʔix̌ʷi•dup–t tiʔəʔ thrown•COLL–ICS PROX
hud firewood
‘And he throws out all the wood.’ 560 ʔix̌ʷid ʔix̌ʷid ʔix̌ʷi–t thrown–ICS
ʔix̌ʷi–t thrown–ICS
‘He throws it, he throws it.’
106
Star Child
561 laʔməxʷ ləliʔ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ həlaʔm=axʷ really=now
ləliʔ different
ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ
‘ “ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ is really different now.’ 562 laʔməxʷ ləliʔ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ həlaʔm=axʷ really=now
ləliʔ different
ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ
‘ “ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ is really different now.’ 563 laʔməxʷ ləliʔ həlaʔm=axʷ ləliʔ really=now different
‘ “He is really different.’ 564 gʷasʔəx̌ay kʷi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ gʷədəxʷəsləliʔils gʷə=ʔas–ʔəx̌ay SBJ=STAT–what.happened
kʷi
xʷiʔ lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
REM
NEG
gʷə=dəxʷ=ʔas–ləliʔ–il=s SBJ=ADNM=STAT–different–INCH=3PO
‘ “Why should the good-for-nothing look different?’ 565 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 566 diɬ sutalx̌ils cukʷ diɬ
s=ʔu–talx̌–il=s
FOC
NM=PFV–able–INCH=3PO
cukʷ only
SSP: ‘ “Is it just that he is growing big and strong?” ’ 567 ʔaˑ gʷəl čubə tiʔəʔ ʔa
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
čubə go.inland
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘He is there and he goes inland.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
107
568 gʷəl gʷədiličəd tsi sk’ʷuys gʷəl SCONJ
gʷəd–il•ič–t tsi down–INCH•covering–ICS SPEC:FEM
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
‘And he sits on the mat by his mother’ 569 gʷəl ləgʷaagʷatxʷ gʷəl
lə=gʷaa–gʷad–txʷ
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–talk–ECS
‘And he talks to her.’ 570 k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔa ti ʔuɬčisəbš ʔaciɬtalbixʷ k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa mother be.there
ti
ʔu–ɬčil–s–bš
SPEC
PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
‘ “Mother, someone has come to me, it was a person.’ 571 xʷiˑʔ gʷədšudxʷ xʷiʔ
gʷə=d=s=šuɬ–dxʷ
NEG
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=see–DC
‘ “I couldn’t see him.’ 572 ʔudxʷtašusc t(i) cəxʷšudxʷ haʔɬ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ, tiʔiɬ cəxʷšudxʷ ʔu–dxʷ–taš•us–t–s PFV–CTD–stroke.lightly•face–ICS–1SG.OBJ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
tiʔiɬ DIST
ti SPEC
d=dəxʷ=šuɬ–dxʷ 1SG.PO=ADNM=see–DC
d=dəxʷ=šuɬ–dxʷ 1SG.PO=ADNM=see–DC
‘ “Then he brushed my face so I could see that he was a nice person.’ 573 tiʔaʔ tə ʔudaw’ tiʔaʔ PROX.DMA
tə NSPEC
ʔudaw’ tallow
‘ “Here is some tallow.’ 574 diɬ xʷuʔələʔ kʷ(i) adbədaʔ diɬ FOC
xʷuʔələʔ kʷi maybe REM
ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “I guess he was your son.’
haʔɬ good
108
Star Child
575 saliʔ k’ʷəɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ kʷədiʔ dəxʷʔas saliʔ two
k’ʷəɬ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
kʷədiʔ
dəxʷ=ʔa=s
QTV
PL–woman
REM.DMA
ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘ “There are two women where he is,’ 576 gʷəl ck’ʷaqid ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ck’ʷaqid always
ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ HAB=fight
‘ “And they are always quarrelling.’ 577 x̌ʷul’ k’ʷəɬ sč’istxʷ kʷi ƛ’usc’kʷati[d] x̌ʷul’ k’ʷəɬ just QTV
sč’istxʷ husband
kʷi
ƛ’u=s=c’kʷa–t–id
REM
HAB=NM=claim.kinship–ICS–PASS.SBRD
‘ “He says he is just called husband.’ 578 xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’ubəsulaʔti[d]s tul’čad xʷiʔ
gʷə=ƛ’u=bə=s=ʔu–laʔ–t–id=s
tul’–čad
NEG
SBJ=HAB=ADD=NM=PFV–point.out–ICS–PASS.SBRD=3PO
CNTRFG–where
‘ “It is not said where they are from,’ 579 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 580 gʷəl ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ k’ʷəɬ kʷi xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ gʷəl
ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ k’ʷəɬ
kʷi
xʷiʔ
lə=haʔɬ
SCONJ
HAB=fight
REM
NEG
NEGP=good
QTV
SSP: ‘ “And the no-goods are always quarrelling.’’ 581 gʷəl ɬuʔəƛ’ k’ʷəɬ ʔal kʷi dadatu[t] tiʔiɬ adbədaʔ gʷəl
ɬu=ʔəƛ’
k’ʷəɬ
SCONJ
IRR=come
QTV
ʔal at
kʷi REM
dadatut morning
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘ “And he says he will come in the morning, your son.’
ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
109
582 ɬuqʷictxʷ čəd kʷi ƛ’əlayʔ ʔal kʷi dadatu[t] ɬu=qʷic–txʷ čəd IRR=travel.downstream–ECS 1SG.SUB kʷi REM
kʷi
ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe
REM
ʔal at
dadatut morning
‘ “I’ll bring the canoe downriver in the morning.” ’ 583 ʔu, t(i) adsəxʷstudəq ʔu
ti
INTJ
SPEC
ad–səxʷ–studəq 2SG.PO–INSTR–slave
‘ “Oh, it is your dear one!’ 584 diɬ xʷuʔələʔ, diɬ diɬ FOC
xʷuʔələʔ maybe
diɬ FOC
‘ “It must be him, it is him.” ’ 585 ləmələcugʷa[ad]gʷa[d] ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ləmələcugʷa[ad]gʷa[d] lə=bə=ləcu–gʷaadgʷad PROG=ADD=CONT–talk
ɬəɬəwabixʷ ɬəɬəwabixʷ
lə=bə=ləcu–gʷaadgʷad PROG=ADD=CONT–talk
‘ “He is talking again, that ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ, he is talking again.” ’ 586 kʷədiʔ šəƛ’aps ti dəxʷudxʷʔəhadəds kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
s=šəƛ’•ap=s
ti
dəxʷ=ʔu–dxʷ–ʔəhad–t=s
NM=scorch•bottom=3PO
SPEC
ADNM=PFV–CTD–talk–ICS=3PO
‘ “What he speaks of is his burning down trees over there.’ 587 ɬuhakʷ dᶻəɬ ɬu=hakʷ IRR=ago
dᶻəɬ PTCL
‘ “It seems it will take a long time.’ 588 gʷəl ɬuləcudᶻaq’aq’ad k’ʷəɬ kʷədiʔ suhuds gʷəl
ɬu=ləcu–dᶻaq’–aq’a–t
k’ʷəɬ
kʷədiʔ
s=ʔu–hud=s
SCONJ
IRR=CONT–DIM.EFF–fall–ICS
QTV
REM.DMA
NM=PFV–burn=3PO
‘ “And it is said the tree will just topple over as it burns there.” ’
110
Star Child
589 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 590 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ siʔab cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
tiʔəʔ siʔab PROX noble
SSP: ‘He is told by this nobleman,’ 591 huydxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ huyu–dxʷ tiʔəʔ made–DC PROX
ʔudaw’ tallow
‘ “Prepare the tallow,’ 592 huydxʷəxʷ huydxʷəxʷ huyu–dxʷ=axʷ prepare–DC=now
huyu–dxʷ=axʷ prepare–DC=now
‘‘Prepare it, prepare it.” ’ 593 ʔaˑ gʷəl ləp’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] kʷi ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ liləq’aɬucid ʔa
gʷəl
lə=p’əc’–p’əc’
kʷi
INTJ
SCONJ
PROG=DSTR–defecate
REM
ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ
li–ləq’aɬ•ucid ATTN–be.in.right.place•doorway
‘Time goes by and ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ goes to relieve himself right near the doorway.’ 594 xʷiwəm tə n’əč n’iɬ p’ə[c’]p’ə[c’] ʔə ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ xʷiwəm ??
tə NSPEC
dəč’uʔ diɬ p’əc’–p’əc’ ʔə another FOC DSTR–defecate PR
ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ
‘ “Look at the feces of ɬaʔɬəwabixʷ.” ’ 595 diʔɬ ɬəqsid, ɬəqsid, ɬəqsid diʔɬ ɬəqsid suddenly gulp.it
ɬəqsid gulp.it
ɬəqsid gulp.it
‘Suddenly he gulps it down, gulps it down, gulps it down!’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
111
596 kʷačil kʷačil day.begins
‘It dawns’ 597 gʷəl qʷic gʷəl SCONJ
qʷic go.downstream
‘And he goes downstream.’ 598 xʷiˑʔ gʷəsʔitut ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔitut
NEG
SBJ=NM=sleep
ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PR Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child doesn’t sleep.’ 599 laʔb xʷiʔ gʷəsʔituts həlaʔb xʷiʔ really NEG
gʷə=s=ʔitut=s SBJ=NM=sleep=3PO
‘He really doesn’t sleep’ 600 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 601 huy, diɬ tiʔiɬ sqas kʷi x̌əčs huy
diɬ
SCONJ
FOC
tiʔiɬ sqa–s kʷi older.brother–3PO REM
DIST
x̌əč–s mind–3PO
SSP: ‘Then, he has his older brother on his mind.’ 602 qʷic tiʔəˑʔəxʷ qʷic go.downstream
tiʔəʔ=axʷ PROX=now
‘He goes downstream now.’
112
Star Child
603 sidsidq’əd tiʔəʔ ƛ’əlayʔ sid–sidq’–t DSTR–turn–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe
‘He turns the canoe back and forth.’ 604 hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ, ƛ’əlayʔ ʔə q’aw’qs hikʷ ƛ’əlayʔ big shovel.nose.canoe
ƛ’əlayʔ ʔə canoe PR
q’aw’qs Raven
‘It is a big canoe, this canoe of Raven’s.’ 605 sidsidq’əd sid–sidq’–t DSTR–turn–ICS
‘He turns it back and forth’ 606 gʷəl lələx̌ʷusdub ʔə kʷədiʔ č’ƛ’aʔ gʷəl SCONJ
lə=ləx̌ʷ•us–dxʷ–b
PROG=cover•head–DC–PASS
‘And he puts rocks on top of it.’ 607 ləqʷic lə=qʷic PROG=go.downstream
‘He goes downstream.’ 608 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 609 ʔahəxʷ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
SSP: ‘He is there now.’
ʔə kʷədiʔ PR REM.DMA
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
113
610 gʷəl čaʔkʷ tiʔəʔ sqas gʷəl SCONJ
čaʔkʷ seaward
tiʔəʔ PROX
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
‘His brother reaches shore.’ 611 tiləb ləq’iˑlitub tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd tiləb immediately
lə=q’ili–txʷ–b PROG=aboard–ECS–PASS
tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd elk
PROX
‘Right away the elk is loaded.’ 612 ʔudəgʷiɬ ʔə kʷədiʔ ƛ’əlayʔ ʔudəgʷ•gʷiɬ centre•canoe
ʔə kʷədiʔ PR REM.DMA
ƛ’əlayʔ canoe
‘It is in the middle of the canoe.’ 613 tadiʔ x̌əɬ ti haʔɬ čəbid tadiʔ DIST.DMA
x̌əɬ‿ti haʔɬ seemingly good
čəbid Douglas.fir
‘ “Over there is a rather good fir tree.’ 614 ɬuq’ʷalap čəɬ čɬa ɬuq’ilq’ilid ɬuq’ʷ•alap peel•leg
čəɬ čɬa 1PL.PO 1PL.COORD
ɬu=q’il–q’ili–t IRR=DSTR–aboard–ICS
‘ “We could pry off (its bark) and load it onto the canoe.” ’ 615 ɬuq’ʷalap, ɬuq’ʷaˑlap tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷələq’iləb əlgʷəʔ yəlyalus ɬuq’ʷ•alap ɬuq’ʷ•alap tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷə=lə=q’ili–b əlgʷəʔ yəl–yalus PROX here SBJ=PROG=aboard–MD PL DSTR–end peel•leg peel•leg
‘So they pried off the bark, pried off the bark and loaded it onto the canoe, at either end.’ 616 ʔudəgʷiɬ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd ʔudəgʷ•gʷiɬ tiʔəʔ centre•canoe PROX
kʷagʷičəd elk
‘The elk was in the middle of the canoe.’
114
Star Child
617 gʷəl ləgʷaadil gʷəl
lə=gʷaadil
SCONJ
PROG=many.sit
‘They sat together,’ 618 gʷəl lətatabəb gʷəl
lə=ta–tabəb
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–converse
‘And they talked.’ 619 ʔa ʔu kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔal kʷ(i) adəxʷʔa ʔa ʔu kʷi sɬə–ɬadəyʔ be.there INT REM PL–woman
ʔal kʷi at REM
‘ “Are there any women where you are?’ 620 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 621 ʔa ʔu kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔa be.there
ʔu
kʷi
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
INT
REM
PL–woman
‘ “Are there any women?” ’ 622 qah–a qah–a many–INTNS
‘‘Yes, there are lots.’’ 623 bəbuʔus bə–buʔus ATTN–four
‘ “There are four.’
ad=dəxʷ=ʔa 2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
115
624 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 625 ʔa ti ɬixʷixʷ tux̌ʷ p’aƛ’aƛ’ ʔa be.there
ti SPEC
ɬixʷixʷ three:HMN
tux̌ʷ just
p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless
SSP: ‘ “There are three but they are nothing.’ 626 xʷiʔ kʷi stab dəxʷləq’aɬs xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
stab what
dəxʷ=ləq’aɬ=s ADNM=be.in.right.place=3PO
‘ “They don’t measure up in any way.’ 627 gʷəl diič’uʔ tsi ʔal tsiʔiɬ haˑʔɬ sɬadəyʔ gʷəl SCONJ
diič’uʔ tsi ʔal one:HMN SPEC:FEM at
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
haʔɬ good
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘ “And there is one who is a very good woman.’ 628 gʷəyayus dxʷʔal gʷəsuɬax̌ils gʷə=yayus dxʷ–ʔal gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬax̌–il=s SBJ=work CNTRPT–at SBJ=NM=PFV–dark–INCH=3PO
‘ “She works until it becomes night.’ 629 gʷəl ti ɬixʷixʷ gʷəl p’aƛ’aƛ’ gʷəl
ti
SCONJ
SPEC
ɬixʷixʷ three:HMN
gʷəl SCONJ
p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless
‘ “And these three, they are nothing.’ 630 p’aƛ’aƛ’ x̌ʷul’ ƛ’usaxʷsaxʷəb p’aƛ’aƛ’ x̌ʷul’ worthless just
ƛ’u=saxʷ–saxʷ–b HAB=DSTR–run–MD
‘ “They just run around wasting time.’
116
Star Child
631 ʔa tsi k’ʷat’ad ʔa be.there
tsi SPEC:FEM
k’ʷat’ad mouse
‘ “There is Mouse.’ 632 ʔa tsi pul’yəʔ ʔa be.there
tsi
pul’yəʔ mole
SPEC:FEM
‘ “There is Mole.’ 633 ʔa tsi ʔadʔad ʔa be.there
tsi
ʔadʔad magpie
SPEC:FEM
‘ “There is Magpie.’ 634 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 635 xʷiʔ kʷi stab gʷədəxʷləq’aɬs əlgʷəʔ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
stab what
gʷə=dəxʷ=ləq’aɬ=s
əlgʷəʔ
SBJ=ADNM=be.in.right.place=3PO
PL
SSP: ‘ “There isn’t a thing that they are good for.’ 636 cugʷukʷ saxʷsaxʷəb dəxʷʔas əlgʷəʔ cukʷ–ukʷ only–EXC
saxʷ–saxʷəb dəxʷ=ʔa=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
DSTR–run
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘ “The only thing they are good for is running around.’ 637 gʷəl tsi ʔal tsiʔiɬ diič’uʔ gʷəl cugʷəxʷ siʔab sɬadəyʔ gʷəl
tsi
SCONJ
SPEC:FEM
ʔal tsiʔiɬ diič’uʔ gʷəl cugʷ=axʷ siʔab sɬadəyʔ at DIST:FEM one:HMN SCONJ only=now noble woman
‘ “But that one of them, she is an exceptionally noble lady.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
117
638 bək’ʷ stab syayus bək’ʷ stab all what
s=yayus=s
NM=work=3PO
‘ “She can do all kinds of work.” ’ 639 xʷuʔələʔ diɬ gʷədčəgʷas xʷuʔələʔ maybe
diɬ
gʷə=d–čəgʷas
FOC
SBJ=1SG.PO–wife
‘ “It would be good to have her for my wife.’ 640 ʔalil gʷat ɬučəbaʔtxʷ ti dsčəbaʔ ʔal–il at–INCH
gʷat who
ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ
ti
IRR=backpack–ECS
SPEC
d–sčəbaʔ 1SG.PO–backpack
‘ “Whoever manages to pack my load.’ 641 diɬ ɬudshuygʷas diɬ
ɬu=d=s=huyu•gʷas
FOC
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made•pair
‘ “She is the one I will marry.” ’ 642 ʔu, ƛ’ub, čutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs ʔu INTJ
ƛ’ub čut–t–b ʔə well say–ICS–PASS PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘ “Oh, that is good,” his younger brother says to him.’ 643 ʔu, ƛ’ub ʔu INT
ƛ’ub well
‘ “That is good.” ’ 644 ʔu, luƛ’iləxʷ ti sp’ic’ikʷ ʔu INTJ
luƛ’–il=axʷ old–INCH=now
ti SPEC
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child has now grown up.’
118
Star Child
645 huy, ʔutašatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sqas huy SCONJ
ʔu–taša–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ PFV–stroke–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
‘Then he is stroked by his older brother.’ 646 təyiˑl əlgʷəʔ təyil go.upriver
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They go upstream.’ 647 təyil ʔal kʷi shuys ʔə kʷi sutatabəbs əlgʷəʔ təyil ʔal kʷi go.upriver at REM
s=huyu=s NM=made=3PO
ʔə PR
kʷi s=ʔu–tatabəb=s
‘They go upriver after they have discussed it.’ 648 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ʔuq’ax̌ad kʷi ʔəsɬaɬlil gʷəl SCONJ
x̌ʷul’ just
ʔu–q’ax̌a–t
kʷi
ʔas–ɬaɬlil
PFV–uncover–ICS
REM
STAT–live
‘And they come into view of those living there,’ 649 gʷəl ʔudəgʷiɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔudəgʷ•gʷiɬ middle•canoe
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘And they are in the middle of the canoe.’ 650 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 651 ʔəxʷqaqadus ʔas–dxʷ–qa–qad•us STAT–CTD–ATTN–back•face
SSP: ‘They face backwards.’
əlgʷəʔ
REM NM=PFV–confer=3PO PL
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
119
652 ʔəxʷqaqadus ʔas–dxʷ–qa–qad•us STAT–CTD–ATTN–back•face
‘They face backwards.’ 653 tiˑləb ʔušudub ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tiləb ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ–b immediately PFV–see–DC–PASS
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘Raven recognizes him right away.’ 654 həmʔ, həmʔ, ʔəsɬaʔɬəwamixʷ, ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ həmʔ hmm
həmʔ hmm
ʔas–ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ STAT–ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ
‘ “Hmm, it is ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ, ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ.’ 655 hikʷiləxʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ hikʷ–il=axʷ big–INCH=now
ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ
‘ “ɬaʔɬəwamixʷ has become big.” ’ 656 ƛ’al’ čəd ʔugʷəstudəq ʔə tə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ƛ’al’ also
čəd 1SG.SUB
ʔu–gʷə=s=studəq ʔə tə xʷiʔ PR NSPEC NEG
PFV–SBJ=NM=slave
‘ “How could I be a slave for that good-for-nothing?” ’ 657 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 658 ɬuhaydxʷ ʔə til’x̌iʔ ɬu=hay–dxʷ IRR=know–DC
ʔə til’x̌iʔ PR later
SSP: ‘ “He’ll find out (how wrong he is) later.” ’
lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
120
Star Child
659 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘It is spoken by him,’ 660 x̌ʷul’ab čəd dᶻəɬ ʔu ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔəshuyud studəq x̌ʷul’ab čəd dᶻəɬ ʔu same.way 1SG.SUB PTCL INT
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ ʔas–huyu–t studəq STAT–made–ICS slave
DIST
‘ “Does he think I’m like the one he has made a slave?” ’ 661 ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl ləɬalil ʔuˑx̌ʷ gʷəl lə=ɬalil go SCONJ PROG=go.ashore
‘They go and they come ashore.’ 662 ɬalil gʷəl čəʔčubə ɬalil gʷəl čəʔ–čubə go.ashore SCONJ ATTN–go.inland
‘They come ashore and they go inland.’ 663 kʷədad tiʔəʔ ʔiɬʔičids kʷəda–t taken–ICS
tiʔəʔ
ʔiɬ–ʔičid–s
PROX
PRTV–quiver–3PO
‘They take their quivers.’ 664 gʷəl ləčubə həlgʷəʔ gʷəl
lə=čubə
həlgʷəʔ
SCONJ
PROG=go.inland
PL
‘And they go inland.’ 665 gʷədiličəd tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys gʷəd–il•ič–t tsiʔəʔ down–INCH•cover–ICS PROX:FEM
‘(Diaper Child) sits by his mother’
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
121
666 gʷəl dxʷtašusəd gʷəl
dxʷ–taš•us–t
SCONJ
CTD–stroke•face–ICS
‘And he strokes her face.’ 667 tašad tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys taša–t stroke–ICS
tsiʔəʔ
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
PROX:FEM
‘He strokes his mother,’ 668 tašad taša–t stroke–ICS
‘He strokes her.’ 669 tiləb tugʷəcut tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tiləb suddenly
tu=gʷə=cut
tiʔəʔ
PAST=SBJ=say
PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘Suddenly Raven would have said ...’ 670 yəx̌i cut, cut tiʔəʔ qaw’qs yəx̌i because
cut say
cut say
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘Because he says, Raven says ...’ 671 xʷulʔələʔ diɬ cut tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ cut say
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘Maybe it was the woman who says,’ 672 xʷuʔələʔ diɬ ti səxʷstudəqs sqas kʷədiʔ tučaʔkʷs ʔal ti dukʷəɬdat xʷuʔələʔ diɬ ti səxʷ–studəq–s sqa–s kʷədiʔ maybe FOC SPEC INSTR–slave–3PO older.brother–3PO REM.DMA tu=čaʔkʷ=s PAST=seaward=3PO
ʔal ti at SPEC
dukʷəɬdat tomorrow
‘ “Maybe it was his dear older brother who came down to him yesterday.” ’
122
Star Child
673 n’iɬ ʔu kʷ(i) an’mən’aʔ n’iɬ
ʔu
kʷi
FOC
INT
REM
ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “Is it your son?’ 674 n’iɬ kʷ(i) an’mən’aʔ dɬ
kʷi
FOC
REM
ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “It’s your son!’ 675 n’iɬ, n’iɬ diɬ
diɬ
FOC
FOC
‘ “It is! It is!” ’ 676 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 677 ʔaˑ gʷəl ɬčil tiʔəʔ ʔa
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
ɬčil arrive
tiʔəʔ PROX
SSP: ‘And he arrives there.’ 678 q’ilad q’ilad items.loaded
‘The items are loaded (on the canoe).’ 679 huˑy, q’aq’aladəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bədaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
q’a–q’ala–t=axʷ ATTN–fool–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘Then (Raven) fools her son.’
diʔəʔ bədaʔ ʔə here offspring PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
123
680 q’aq’aladəxʷ q’a–q’ala–t=axʷ ATTN–fool–ICS=now
‘He fools him.’ 681 šudxʷ tiʔiɬ sq’ʷibs šuɬ–dxʷ tiʔiɬ s=q’ʷib=s see–DC DIST NM=disembark=3PO
‘He sees them get out of the canoe.’ 682 ɬidgʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ ɬid•gʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ tie•canoe PL
‘They moor it.’ 683 gʷəl ləcut, gʷəl
lə=cut
SCONJ
PROG=say
‘And (Raven) says,’ 684 tiʔiɬ ʔəmsɬagʷin’ ts(i) n’sk’ʷuy tiʔiɬ
ʔas–bəs–sɬagʷid
tsi
DIST
STAT–PROP–sleeping.mat
SPEC:FEM
ad–sk’ʷuy 2SG.PO–mother
‘ “Your mother is the one who has a sleeping mat,’ 685 ʔəmsɬagʷin’ ʔas–bəs–sɬagʷid STAT–PROP–sleeping.mat
‘ “She has a sleeping mat.’ 686 ʔəmsɬagʷin’ ts(i) n’sk’ʷuy ʔas–bəs–sɬagʷid tsi STAT–PROP–sleeping.mat SPEC:FEM
ad–sk’ʷuy 2SG.PO–mother
‘ “Your mother is the one who has a sleeping mat.” ’
124
Star Child
687 gʷəl ləcutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys, gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuy–s PR PROX:FEM mother–3PO
‘And it is said by his mother,’ 688 q’alal’q’alacid, dbədaʔ q’al–al–q’ala–t–sid d–bədaʔ DSTR–ATTN–fool–ICS–2SG.OBJ 1SG.PO–offspring
‘ “He is fooling you.’ 689 ʔuq’aq’alacid ti xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔu–q’a–q’ala–t–sid PFV–ATTN–fool–ICS–2SG.OBJ
ti
xʷiʔ
lə=haʔɬ
SPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “The good-for-nothing is fooling you.’ 690 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 691 ləšədᶻal gʷəl ləʔəxʷp’əc’ədidusc lə=šədᶻal gʷəl PROG=go.outside SCONJ
lə=ʔas–dxʷ–p’əc’ə–di–t•us–t–s PROG=STAT–CTD–defecate–SS–ICS•face–ICS–1SG.OBJ
SSP: ‘ “He goes outside and he relieves himself on my face.’ 692 ləšədᶻal gʷəl ləʔəxʷp’əc’ədidusc lə=šədᶻal gʷəl PROG=go.outside SCONJ
lə=ʔas–dxʷ–p’əc’ə–di–t•us–t–s PROG=STAT–CTD–defecate–SS–ICS•face–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “He goes outside and he relieves himself on my face.” ’ 693 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
125
694 ʔəˑɬəd tsiʔəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ sʔabyiti[d] ʔə tiʔəʔ bədaʔs ʔəɬəd tsiʔəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ s=ʔab–yi–t–b ʔə tiʔəʔ feed.on PROX:FEM PR PROX tallow NM=reach–DAT–ICS–PASS PR PROX bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
SSP: ‘She eats the tallow given to her by her son.’ 695 ʔəɬəd, k’ʷuyəʔ, ʔəɬəd ʔəɬəd feed.on
k’ʷuyəʔ mother
ʔəɬəd feed.on
‘ “Eat, mother, eat.” ’ 696 ʔaˑ ʔutatabəb tiʔaˑʔ ʔa be.there
ʔu–tatabəb
tiʔaʔ
PFV=confer
PROX.DMA
‘There they confer.’ 697 ʔutatabəb ʔu–tatabəb PFV–confer
‘They confer.’ 698 ʔutatabəb tiʔiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔu–tatabəb PFV–confer
tiʔ–iʔəʔ
diʔəʔ here
PL–PROX
‘Those guys confer.’ 699 gʷəl ləcuuc tiʔəʔ gʷəl
lə=cut–c
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PROG=say–ALTV
PROX
‘And (the older brother) says to (Diaper Child),’ 700 cuuc tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cut–c tiʔəʔ say–ALTV PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘He says to this one,’
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Star Child
701 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 702 cuuc tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c tiʔəʔ say–ALTV PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
SSP: ‘He says to his younger brother,’ 703 ʔuyəcəbtxʷ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔu–yəc–b–txʷ PFV–tell–MD–ECS
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘ “Let Raven hear (my plan).’ 704 ʔəsp’alil ʔas–p’alil STAT–revive
‘ “He will come to his senses.’ 705 ʔu, ɬuwiʔad ʔu
ɬu=wiʔa–t IRR=holler–ICS
INTJ
‘ “Oh, he will holler it.” ’ 706 ʔu, ʔabil’əxʷ gʷat ɬučəbaʔtxʷ tiʔiɬə čəbaʔ ʔə ti dsqa ʔu
ʔabil’=axʷ perhaps=now
INTJ
gʷat who
ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ IRR=backpack–ECS
tiʔiɬə čəbaʔ ʔə backpack PR
DIST
ti SPEC
d–sqa 1SG.PO–older.brother
‘ “Oh, perhaps there is one who can carry my older brother’s backpack.’’ 707 gʷəl ɬu[s]čəgʷasils, ɬushuygʷas gʷəl
ɬu=s=čəgʷas–il=s
ɬu=s=huyu•gʷas=s
SCONJ
IRR=NM=wife–INCH=3PO
IRR=NM=made•pair=3PO
‘ “And she will become his wife, it is she that he will marry.” ’
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708 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 709 tiˑləb sixʷ ʔuwiʔad kʷi qaw’qs tiləb sixʷ immediately PTCL
ʔu–wiʔa–t kʷi PFV–holler–ICS REM
qaw’qs raven
SSP: ‘Raven immediately hollers,’ 710 qʷiˑn’icut ɬi, sɬən’ayʔ qʷibi–t–sut ɬi sɬədayʔ prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP woman
‘ “Prepare yourselves, women!’ 711 qʷin’icut ɬi qʷibi–t–sut ɬi prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP
‘ “Prepare yourselves!’ 712 mək’ʷ gʷat ɬučəmaʔtxʷ tiʔiɬə sčəmaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ dsčəɬmən’aʔəb gʷəl ɬu[s]čəgʷasils bək’ʷ gʷat ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ all who IRR=backpack–ECS gʷəl SCONJ
tiʔiɬə sčəbaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ d–sčəɬbədaʔəb backpack PR DIST 1SG.PO–stepchild
DIST
ɬu=s=čəgʷas–il=s IRR=NP=wife–INCH=3PO
‘ “Whoever can carry the pack of my stepson, she will become his wife.’ 713 qʷimicut ɬi qʷibi–t–sut ɬi prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP
‘ “Prepare yourselves!’ 714 qʷimicut ɬi qʷibi–t–sut ɬi prepared–ICS–REFL 2PL.IMP
‘ “Prepare yourselves!’
128
Star Child
715 t’əmt’əmšən’iʔəm ɬi t’əb–t’əbš•adiʔ–t ɬi DSTR–braid•ear–ICS 2PL.IMP
‘ “Braid your hair!” ’ 716 yayusəxʷ yayus=axʷ work=now
‘They work now.’ 717 t’əbt’əbšaydid tiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ t’əb–t’əbš•ay•diʔ–t tiʔiɬ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ DSTR–braid•CNN•ear–ICS DIST PL–woman
‘The women braid their hair.’ 718 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 719 ʔux̌ʷ tsi k’ʷat’ad ʔux̌ʷ tsi go SPEC:FEM
k’ʷat’ad mouse
SSP: ‘Mouse goes.’ 720 gʷəl buyucuˑt gʷəl SCONJ
buyus–t–sut primp–ICS–REFL
‘And she dolls herself up.’ 721 pul’yəʔ pul’yəʔ mole
‘(So does) Mole.’
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722 tsiʔiɬə ʔadʔad tsiʔiɬə ʔadʔad DIST:FEM magpie
‘(So does) Magpie.’ 723 qʷibid sɬadəyʔ kʷsi ʔadʔad, ʔuˑ qʷibi–d prepared–ICS
sɬadəyʔ kʷsi woman REM.DMA
ʔadʔad magpie
ʔuˑ INTJ
‘Magpie fixes herself up like a woman, oh.’ 724 huyəxʷ huyu=axʷ made=now
‘They finish now.’ 725 gʷəl ƛ’ucutəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ gʷəl
ƛ’u=cut=axʷ
tiʔ–iʔəʔ
SCONJ
HAB=say=now
PL–PROX
‘And they say,’ 726 tiləb diɬ tsi k’ʷat’ad kʷ(i ʔ)uʔux̌ʷ tiləb diɬ immediately FOC
tsi SPEC:FEM
k’ʷat’ad kʷi mouse REM
ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go
‘ “Let the one to go first be Mouse.” ’ 727 kʷədatəb ʔə ts(i) k’ʷat’ad tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd kʷəda–t–b ʔə taken–ICS–PASS PR
tsi SPEC:FEM
k’ʷat’ad tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd mouse PROX elk
‘The elk was taken by Mouse.’ 728 gʷəl x̌əɬ tučəbaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ
x̌əɬ tu=čəbaʔ–d seemingly PAST=backpack–ICS
‘And she tried to pack it.’
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Star Child
729 xʷiʔ xʷiʔ NEG
‘No!’ 730 x̌ʷul’ ʔugʷəcikʷəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu–gʷə=cikʷ–t just PFV–SBJ=taut–ICS
‘She just jerks on it.’ 731 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 732 x̌ʷul’ ʔugʷəcikʷəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu–gʷə=cikʷ–t just PFV–SBJ=taut–ICS
SSP: ‘She just jerks on it.’ 733 huˑy sixʷ ʔux̌ʷəxʷ kʷsi pul’yəʔ huy SCONJ
sixʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷsi PTCL go=now REM.DMA
‘Then Mole goes.’ 734 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘She goes.’ 735 ʔuˑ ʔu INTJ
‘Oh!’
pul’yəʔ mole
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736 x̌ʷul’ ʔugʷəcikʷəd tiʔiɬ sčəbaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ x̌ʷul’ ʔu–gʷə=cikʷ–t just PFV–SBJ=taut–ICS
tiʔiɬ
s=čəbaʔ
DIST
NM=backpack
ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST
‘She just jerks on this pack of his.’ 737 x̌ʷiʔ gʷəsčəbaʔtəgʷiʔ[s] x̌ʷiʔ
gʷə=s=čəbaʔ–t–agʷiʔ=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=backpack–ICS–TOBJ=3PO
‘She isn’t able to carry it.’ 738 huˑy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ kʷsi ʔadʔad huy
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷsi go=now REM.DMA
SCONJ
ʔadʔad magpie
‘Then Magpie goes.’ 739 ləx̌aʔx̌ayəbcut lə=x̌aʔ–x̌ayəb–t–sut PROG=ATTN–laugh–ICS–REFL
‘She is laughing’ 740 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 741 SSP: mmm 742 huy hiq’ʷabyitəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
hiq’ʷab–yi–t–b=axʷ desire–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘Then she is desired by him.’ 743 ʔu, diɬəxʷ ʔiɬaʔɬ sɬadəyʔ [tsiʔəʔ diɬ] ʔu INTJ
diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
ʔiɬ–haʔɬ PRTV–good
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘ “Oh, she is the best woman, that one.” ’
tsiʔəʔ
diɬ
PROX:FEM
FOC
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Star Child
744 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 745 ʔup’aƛ’aƛ’ ʔu–p’aƛ’aƛ’ PFV–worthless
SSP: ‘ “She is worthless.’ 746 ʔa tsi haʔɬ sɬadəyʔ ʔa tsi haʔɬ be.there SPEC:FEM good
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘ “There is a better woman.’ 747 day’ ɬuʔəƛ’ ʔə til’x̌i day’ ɬu=ʔəƛ’ ʔə til’x̌i only IRR=come PR later.on
‘ “She will certainly come later.’ 748 day’ čəxʷ ɬušudxʷ day’ čəxʷ ɬu=šuɬ–dxʷ only 2SG.SUB IRR=see–DC
‘ “You’ll certainly see her.” ’ 749 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 750 ʔaˑ tsiʔəʔ ʔadʔad ʔa be.there
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔadʔad magpie
SSP: ‘There is Magpie’
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751 x̌ʷuˑl’ ʔucikʷcikʷcut tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu–cikʷ–cikʷ–t–sut just PFV–DSTR–taut–ICS–REFL
tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd elk
PROX
‘The elk is just jerking back and forth.’ 752 gʷəl kʷaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ
kʷaʔ–t released–ICS
‘And she lets it go.’ 753 huy gʷəl x̌əx̌əp’k’ʷəd huy
gʷəl
x̌ə–x̌əp’k’ʷ–d
SCONJ
SCONJ
ATTN–gnawed–ICS
‘And then (Mouse) is nibbling at it.’ 754 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 755 ʔa tsi k’ʷat’ad dᶻəldᶻəlyalus ʔa tsi be.there SPEC:FEM
k’ʷat’ad mouse
dᶻəl–dᶻəl•yalus DSTR–turn.over•end
SSP: ‘Mouse is there going from end to end’ 756 ləcuč’it’č’it’id tiʔəʔ stə kʷagičəd ləcu–č’it’–č’it’i–t tiʔəʔ stə CONT–DSTR–chewed–ICS PROX INTJ
‘She is gnawing at the, uh, elk.’ 757 č’it’apəd č’it’•ap–t chewed•bottom–ICS
‘She gnaws at its rump.’
kʷagičəd elk
134
Star Child
758 ʔaˑ, huˑy, xʷdigʷitəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ waw’lis [ʔə] tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys ʔa huy xʷ–digʷi–t–b=axʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ be.there SCONJ CTD–advise–ICS–PASS=now PROX:FEM here tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
wa–w’lis ATTN–frog
ʔə PR
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
‘She is there, (and) then Little Frog is advised by her mother.’ 759 tix̌ix̌dubut tix̌–ix̌–dxʷ–but spread–INTNS–DC–REFL
‘ “Take care!’ 760 dxʷlaq kʷi ɬadsgʷəgʷadad dxʷ–laq kʷi ɬu=ad=s=gʷə–gʷad–ad CTD–last REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=ATTN–DIM.EFF–speak
‘ “You’ll speak last.’ 761 ɬucut čəxʷ ɬu=cut čəxʷ IRR=say 2SG.SUB
‘ “You’ll say,’ 762 ʔaləxʷ ʔu ʔəca kʷi gʷučəbaʔdxʷ kʷi sčəbaʔ ʔə kʷi siʔab ʔal=axʷ ʔu ʔəca kʷi gʷə=ʔu–čəbaʔ–dxʷ kʷi s=čəbaʔ ʔə at=now INT I REM SBJ=PFV–backpack–DC REM NM=backpack PR kʷi REM
siʔab noble
‘ “ ‘Would it be me who would be packing the pack of such a high-class person?’ ’ 763 x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬadsbəq’əd kʷədiʔ ɬadsuʔabyitəb ɬaskʷədayač[iʔ]yidəxʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ diɬ x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬu=ad=s=bəq’–t kʷədiʔ taboo REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=put.in.mouth–ICS REM.DMA ɬu=ad=s=ʔu–ʔab–yi–t–b IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–reach–DAT–ICS–PASS
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ɬu=ʔas–kʷəd•ay•ačiʔ–yi–t=axʷ IRR=STAT–take•CNN•hand–DAT–ICS=now
ʔə PR
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
diɬ FOC
‘ “It is forbidden for you to eat what you’ll be given to hand out to guests.’ 764 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 765
x̌aʔx̌aʔ x̌aʔx̌aʔ taboo
SSP: ‘ “It is forbidden.’ 766 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuləqʷatad x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬu=lə=qʷata–t just 2SG.SUB IRR=PROG=fall–ICS
‘ “You will just lay it down.’ 767 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuləqʷatad x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ just 2SG.SUB
ɬu=lə=qʷata–t IRR=PROG=fall–ICS
‘ “You will just lay it down.’ 768 ɬugʷəɬ tiʔiɬ ʔəsgʷədil, sgʷihgʷihidəq ʔə tiʔiɬ qaw’qs ɬu=gʷəɬ IRR=ASSC
tiʔiɬ
ʔas–gʷəd–il
s=gʷihgʷihidəq
DIST
STAT–down–INCH
NM=invite.many
ʔə tiʔiɬ qaw’qs PR DIST raven
‘ “It will belong to those guests that are seated, those invited by Raven.” ’ 769 hay ʔa kʷədiʔ ləcučəɬ x̌ək’ʷəd hay SCONJ
ʔa kʷədiʔ be.there REM.DMA
ləcu–čəɬ CONT–make
x̌ək’ʷəd roasting.sticks
‘So there are those preparing roasting sticks there.’ 770 čagʷəxʷ, ʔəsq’iləxʷ tadiʔ kʷagʷičəd čaʔkʷ=axʷ ʔas–q’ili=axʷ seaward=now STAT–aboard=now
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
kʷagʷičəd elk
‘That elk is still on board the canoe by the water.’
136
Star Child
771 ləcuhilibəɬ ʔə kʷi x̌ək’ʷəd ləcu–hili–b–aɬ CONT–tell–CSMD–INCRP
ʔə PR
kʷi
x̌ək’ʷəd roasting.sticks
REM
‘People are being told to make themselves roasting sticks.’ 772 ʔa, diɬ ɬasq’aq’ax̌ad tsi waw’lis ʔə taˑbabac ʔa
diɬ
ɬu=ʔas=q’a–q’ax̌a–t
tsi
wa–w’lis
INTJ
FOC
IRR=STAT–ATTN–uncover–ICS
SPEC:FEM
ATTN–frog
‘Oh, now Little Frog shows herself a little, very slowly.’ 773 šuuc tsi ʔəƛ’axʷ šuɬ–c see–ALTV
tsi SPEC:FEM
ʔəƛ’a=axʷ come.to=now
‘ “Look at that one coming!” ’ 774 ʔuˑ, diɬ tsi ɬučəgʷas ʔu
diɬ
tsi
ɬu=čəgʷas
INTJ
FOC
SPEC:FEM
IRR=wife
‘ “Oh, she is the one who will be the wife.” ’ 775 x̌ʷiqʷubus tsiʔəʔ waw’lis x̌ʷiqʷubus fair
tsiʔəʔ
wa–w’lis
PROX:FEM
ATTN–frog
‘She is fair, this little Green Frog,’ 776 haacalqid qʷatdup tiʔiɬ sq’ədᶻuʔs haac•al•qid qʷata•dup tiʔiɬ long•CNN•head fall•COLL DIST
‘Her long hair falls freely.’ 777 haʔɬubš sɬadəyʔ haʔɬubš sɬadəyʔ good.looking woman
‘She is good-looking.’
sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO
ʔə tababac PR slow
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778 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 779 ʔuˑx̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
SSP: ‘She goes.’ 780 gʷəl ləʔalil tiʔəʔ dəxʷləq’aɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔəsgʷədil gʷəl
lə=ʔal–il
SCONJ
PROG=at–INCH
tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ləq’aɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ ADNM=be.in.right.place PR PROX
PROX
ʔas–gʷəd–il STAT–down–INCH
‘And she comes to the place where they are seated.’ 781 gʷəl ləgʷəgʷadad tsiʔəʔ waw’lis ʔə tababac gʷəl
lə=gʷə–gʷad–ad
tsiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–DIM.EFF–speak
PROX:FEM
wa–w’lis ʔə PR
ATTN–frog
tababac slow
‘Little Green Frog speaks.’ 782 ʔaləxʷ ʔu ʔəca saʔ kʷi gʷučəbaʔdxʷ kʷi sč’əbaʔ ʔə kʷi siʔab ʔal=axʷ ʔu at=now INT ʔə PR
kʷi REM
ʔəca I
saʔ bad
kʷi
gʷə=ʔu–čəbaʔ–dxʷ
kʷi s=č’əbaʔ
REM
SBJ=PFV–backpack–DC
REM NM=backpack
siʔab noble
‘ “Would it be unworthy for me to carry the pack of a high-class person?” ’ 783 həbuʔ huʔ həbuʔ haboo
huʔ INTJ
UW: ‘Haboo.’
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Star Child
784 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
SSP: ‘She goes.’ 785 k’ʷit’ tsiʔəʔ k’ʷit’ shoreward
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘She goes to the water’s edge.’ 786 x̌ʷul’ ʔu dxʷiʔxʷəbwičəbyitəb ʔə kʷsi wəlis kʷədiʔ kʷagʷičəd x̌ʷul’ ʔu dxʷ–xʷiʔ–xʷəb•wič–b–yi–t–b ʔə kʷsi just INT CTD–ATTN–throw•back.of.body–MD–DAT–ICS–PASS PR REM.DMA wəlis frog
kʷədiʔ
kʷagʷičəd elk
REM.DMA
‘Little Green Frog just tosses the elk over her back.’ 787 gʷəl gʷəbələčubəstxʷ gʷəl
gʷə=bə=lə=čubəs–txʷ
SCONJ
SBJ=ADD=PROG=go.inland–ECS
‘And she carries it inland.’ 788 ʔux̌ʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ cilačid ʔəshədʔiw’, ʔudəgʷabac ʔə kʷədiʔ ʔalʔal ʔə qaw’qs ʔux̌ʷ go ʔə PR
ʔə PR
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
cili•ačiʔ–t supported•hand–ICS
ʔalʔal house
ʔas–hədʔiw’ STAT–indoors
ʔudəgʷ•abac centre•body
ʔə qaw’qs PR raven
‘She takes it to the receptacle in the middle of Raven’s house.’ 789 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
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790 ʔaˑ, gʷəl ləgʷiid tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys ʔa
gʷəl
lə=gʷihi–t
tsiʔəʔ
INTJ
SCONJ
PROG=invite–ICS
PROX:FEM
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
SSP: ‘Then she invites (Diaper Child’s) mother to come inside.’ 791 ʔəƛ’a, k’ʷuyəʔ ʔəƛ’a come.to
k’ʷuyəʔ mother
‘ “Come, mother,’ 792 [ʔə]ƛ’a čxʷa hədʔiw’b ʔəƛ’a come.to
čxʷa hədʔiw’–b 2SG.COORD be.inside.house–MD
‘ “Come inside.’ 793 hədhədʔiˑw’b tiʔəʔ ʔi tə suq’ʷaʔs həd–hədʔiw’–b DSTR–be.inside.house–MD
tiʔəʔ
ʔi
tə
PROX
CONJ
NSPEC
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘The rest entered, including the younger brother.’ 794 gʷaʔgʷatəb kʷi sp’ic’ikʷ gʷaʔ–gʷat–t–b kʷi ATTN–speak–ICS–PASS REM
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child is spoken to.’ 795 xʷiʔəxʷ gʷasuxʷtəš xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
gʷə=ʔas–suxʷt–š SBJ=STAT–recognize–ICS
‘No one recognizes him.’ 796 xʷiʔəxʷ gʷasuxʷtəš tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
gʷə=ʔas–suxʷt–š
tiʔəʔ
SBJ=STAT–recognize–ICS
PROX
‘No one recognizes Diaper Child.’
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
140
Star Child
797 huˑy, q’ʷəx̌ʷəbaxʷ huy SCONJ
q’ʷəx̌ʷ–b=axʷ butcher–CSMD=now
‘Then they butcher it.’ 798 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 799 x̌ʷul’ ləʔabyitəb qaw’qs ʔə kʷədiʔ stə ʔudaw’ x̌ʷul’ lə=ʔab–yi–t–b just PROG=reach–DAT–ICS–PASS
qaw’qs ʔə kʷədiʔ raven PR REM.DMA
stə INTJ
ʔudaw’ tallow
SSP: ‘Raven is just given the tallow.’ 800 x̌ʷul’ ləɬəqsəd, ɬəqsəd, ɬəqsəd, ɬəqsəd x̌ʷul’ just
lə=ɬəqsəd PROG=gulp
ɬəqsəd ɬəqsəd ɬəqsəd gulp gulp gulp
‘He just gulps it down, gulps it down, gulps it down, gulps it down.’ 801 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) gʷəsk’aw’s xʷiʔ kʷi
gʷə=s=k’aw’=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=chew=3PO
REM
‘He doesn’t chew it.’ 802 huy dᶻəgʷaʔ qaw’qs ʔəsq’əyuq’ʷ huy SCONJ
dᶻəgʷaʔ qaw’qs ʔas–q’əyuq’ʷ expert raven STAT–big.appetite
‘Well Raven who has a big appetite is known for this.’ 803 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘It continues.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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804 huˑy ʔabyitəb tsiʔəʔ waw’lis ʔə tiʔəʔ stə ɬič’ɬič’gʷastəb ʔə kʷədiʔ kʷagʷičəd huy SCONJ
ʔab–yi–t–b tsiʔəʔ reach–DAT–ICS–PASS PROX:FEM
ɬič’–ɬič’i•gʷas–t–b
ʔə PR
DSTR–slice•pair–ICS–PASS
wa–w’lis ʔə tiʔəʔ stə ATTN–frog PR PROX INTJ kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
kʷagʷičəd elk
‘Then Little Frog is given this that has been cut up, this elk.’ 805 gʷəl t’al’t’alatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ ləgʷləgʷəb gʷəl
t’al’–t’ala–t–b
SCONJ
DSTR–slice–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
ləgʷ–ləgʷəb
PROX
DSTR–youth
‘And it is sliced up by the young men’ 806 gʷəl ləq’ʷəltəb gʷəl
lə=q’ʷəl–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=cook–ICS–PASS
‘And it is roasted.’ 807 ciˑlitəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ waw’lis tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ cili–t–b supported–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ
wa–w’lis
tiʔəʔ
PROX:FEM
ATTN–frog
PROX
ʔudaw’ tallow
‘The tallow is dished up by Little Frog.’ 808 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷtxʷyid tsi sk’ʷuys gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–yi–t take–ECS–DAT–ICS
tsi SPEC:FEM
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
‘And she takes it to her mother.’ 809 huy wəšəbaxʷ tiʔə sk’ʷuys ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ huy SCONJ
wəš–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ distribute–CSMD=now PROX
sk’ʷuy–s ʔə tiʔəʔ mother–3PO PR PROX
‘Then her mother passes it around, this tallow.’ 810 ʔəɬədaxʷ tiʔəʔ luƛ’luƛ’ ʔəɬəd=axʷ feed.on=now
tiʔəʔ
luƛ’–luƛ’
PROX
DSTR–old
‘Now the old people eat.’
ʔudaw’ tallow
142
Star Child
811 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 812 ʔəɬədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ ʔəɬəd=axʷ feed.on=now
əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR
PL
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔudaw’ tallow
SSP: ‘They eat this tallow.’ 813 xʷiʔ gʷəbəq’təb ʔə waw’lis xʷiʔ
gʷə=bəq’–t–b
NEG
SBJ=put.in.mouth–ICS–PASS
ʔə wa–w’lis PR ATTN–frog
‘Little Frog doesn’t put anything in her mouth.’ 814 huy, ʔuxʷdigʷitəb ʔə tsi sk’ʷuys huy SCONJ
ʔuxʷdigʷi–t–b advise–ICS–PASS
ʔə tsi sk’ʷuy–s PR SPEC:FEM mother–3PO
‘She has been advised by her mother.’ 815 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 816 tiˑləb sixʷ scut ʔə kʷi qaw’qs tiləb immediately
sixʷ
s=cut
PTCL
NM=say
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
qaw’qs raven
SSP: ‘Right away, Raven says,’ 817 q’ax̌alətxʷ, q’ax̌alətxʷ, q’ax̌alətxʷ, q’ax̌alətxʷ q’ax̌a•alətxʷ uncover•house
q’ax̌a•alətxʷ uncover•house
q’ax̌a•alətxʷ q’ax̌a•alətxʷ uncover•house uncover•house
‘ “Open the roof, open the roof, open the roof, open the roof!’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
143
818 sədil čəɬ, sədil čəɬ s=həd–il NM=hot–INCH
čəɬ 1PL.PO
s=həd–il NM=hot–INCH
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “We are getting too hot, we are getting too hot.” ’ 819 kʷaʔ ʔəsdukʷtub ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷaʔ PTCL
ʔas–dukʷu–txʷ–b
STAT–abnormal–ECS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘He is under a spell.’ 820 q’ax̌alətxʷ tiʔiʔəˑʔ q’ax̌a•alətxʷ tiʔ–iʔəʔ uncover•house PL–PROX
‘The people open the roof.’ 821 ʔa, ʔugʷadgʷad tiʔiɬ qaw’qs ʔa
ʔu–gʷad–gʷad
tiʔiɬ
INTJ
PFV–DSTR–talk
DIST
qaw’qs raven
‘Oh, Raven continues to talk.’ 822 ʔa, ʔugʷadgʷad ʔa
ʔu–gʷad–gʷad
INTJ
PFV–DSTR–talk
‘Oh, he talks.’ 823 diˑʔɬ kʷi saq’ ʔə kʷi qaw’qs diʔɬ suddenly
kʷi
s=saq’
REM
NM=fly
ʔə kʷi PR REM
‘All of a sudden, Raven flies.’ 824 saq’ʷəxʷ dxʷšqalətxʷ saq’ʷ=axʷ fly=now
dxʷ–šqalətxʷ CNTRPT–roof
‘He flies up to the roof.’
qaw’qs raven
144
Star Child
825 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 826 saq’ʷ saq’ʷ saq’ʷ fly
saq’ʷ fly
SSP: ‘He flies, he flies.’ 827 qa qa qa qa qa qa ‘ “Caw caw caw caw caw caw.” ’ 828 x̌ʷul’ bəqayx̌icut ʔal kʷədiʔ šqalətxʷ x̌ʷul’ bə=qayx̌icut ʔal just ADD=flap.wings at
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
šqalətxʷ roof
‘He is there at the roof flapping around.’ 829 hay sixʷ hay, ƛ’ubəʔəx̌idəxʷ tiʔiɬ qaw’qs hay
sixʷ
hay
ƛ’u=bə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
PTCL
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=what.happened=now
DIST
‘What in the world is Raven doing now?’ 830 ƛ’ubəʔəx̌id ƛ’u=bə=ʔəx̌id HAB=ADD=what.happened
‘What now is he doing?’ 831 šqalətxʷəxʷ kʷi suqayx̌icuts šqalətxʷ=axʷ kʷi roof=now REM
s=ʔu–qayx̌icut=s NM=PFV–flap.wings=3PO
‘There he is at the roof flapping around.’ 832 ʔiˑ diʔɬ tiʔiɬ saq’ʷs ʔi INTJ
diʔɬ suddenly
tiʔiɬ
s=saq’ʷ=s
DIST
NM=fly=3PO
‘Suddenly he flies off.’
qaw’qs raven
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
145
833 dukʷiləxʷ dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now
‘He is transformed.’ 834 dukʷutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs dukʷu–t–b=axʷ abnormal–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs PR PROX belong.to.bloodline star
‘The Star People transformed him.’ 835 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 836 saq’ʷ dxʷʔaɬx̌ad saq’ʷ dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad fly CNTRPT–downstream
SSP: ‘He flies downstream.’ 837 qa qa ‘ “Caw caw.” ’ 838 x̌ʷul’ ləgʷadgʷad x̌ʷul’ lə=gʷad–gʷad just PROG=DSTR–talk
‘He is just talking.’ 839 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 840 qa qa qa SSP: ‘ “Caw caw caw.” ’
146
Star Child
841 huy, q’ʷəl’q’ʷəlabəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
q’ʷəl’–q’ʷəla–b=axʷ DSTR–cook–MD=now
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
‘Then they roast the food.’ 842 gʷəl ʔəɬʔəɬadəxʷ gʷəl
ʔəɬ–ʔəɬad=axʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–be.fed=now
‘And they feast.’ 843 hmm 844 gʷəl ləɬax̌il gʷəl
lə=ɬax̌–il
SCONJ
PROG=dark–INCH
‘Then night comes.’ 845 huy kʷačil huy SCONJ
kʷačil day.begins
‘Then morning comes.’ 846 huy tatabəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
tatabəb=axʷ confer=now
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
‘Then they confer.’ 847 dukʷiləxʷ kʷaʔ ti qaw’qs dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now
kʷaʔ ti PTCL
SPEC
qaw’qs raven
‘Raven, though, has been transformed.’ 848 saq’ʷəxʷ saq’ʷ=axʷ fly=now
‘He flies.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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849 dukʷiləxʷ ti siʔab dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now
ti SPEC
siʔab noble
UW: ‘The high-class one has been transformed.’ 850 dukʷiləxʷ ti siʔab qaw’qs dukʷu–il=axʷ abnormal–INCH=now
ti SPEC
siʔab noble
qaw’qs raven
SSP: ‘The high-class Raven has been transformed.’ 851 ləcut lə=cut PROG=say
‘Someone is saying.’ 852 cuucəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cut–c–b say–ALTV–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PROX:FEM here
‘It is said to (the people) by this (woman).’ 853 cut tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ luƛ’ cut say
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
cədiɬ s/he
luƛ’ old
‘This old woman says,’ 854 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi ɬudəxʷəsləx̌ ʔə kʷi ɬuləʔəƛ’ ʔaciɬtal[b]ixʷ ɬu=stab=axʷ kʷi ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔas–ləx̌ ʔə kʷi ɬu=lə=ʔəƛ’ IRR=what=now REM IRR=ADNM=STAT–light PR REM IRR=PROG=come ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
‘ “How will coming generations of people have light?’ 855 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
148
Star Child
856 ɬustabəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬuləx̌iləxʷ ɬu=stab=axʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=ləx̌–il=axʷ IRR=what=now PROX IRR=light–INCH=now
SSP: ‘ “What will it be at dawn?” ’ 857 ɬustabəxʷ kʷi sdukʷəcutəxʷ ɬu=stab=axʷ kʷi IRR=what=now REM
s=dukʷ–t–sut=axʷ NM=abnormal–ICS–REFL=now
‘ “What will it be changed to?” ’ 858 ƛ’ub čəd haw’əʔ ɬup’aʔcut [ʔal] kʷi dukʷəɬdat ƛ’ub well
čəd 1SG.SUB
haw’əʔ
ɬu=p’aʔ–t–sut
PTCL
IRR=try–ICS–REFL
ʔal at
kʷi REM
dukʷəɬdat tomorrow
‘ “I guess I should try tomorrow.” ’ 859 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 860 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
t’ət’əwaʔs star
SSP: ‘It is spoken by the one descended from the Star People.’ 861 ƛ’al’əxʷ bədxʷšəq ƛ’al’=axʷ also=now
bə=dxʷ–šq ADD=CNTRPT–high
‘He also goes up high.’ 862 ʔa ti bads əlgʷəʔ ʔa ti bad–s əlgʷəʔ be.there SPEC father–3PO PL
‘Their father is there.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
149
863 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 864 t’ət’əwaʔs šqulgʷədxʷ t’ət’əwaʔs star
šqulgʷədxʷ sky
SSP: ‘He is a star in the sky world.’ 865 ƛ’al’ bəstubš tiʔiɬ bədaʔ ʔə tsiʔiɬ tusuq’ʷaʔs ƛ’al’ also
bəs–stubš
tiʔiɬ
PROP–man
DIST
bədaʔ offspring
ʔə PR
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
tu=suq’ʷaʔ–s PAST=younger.sibling–3PO
‘(The mother’s) younger sister also has a son.’ 866 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 867 SSP: ha hay 868 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəʔ, kʷi səxʷdadatu[t] ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ kʷi go PROX REM
səxʷ–dadatut INSTR–morning
‘He goes, the one who is for morning.’ 869 huy, ʔəƛ’axʷ huy SCONJ
ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now
‘Then, he comes.’
150
Star Child
870 ƛ’al’al’ ʔal tadiʔ q’ixʷ ƛ’al’–al’ ʔal DIM.EFF–early at
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
q’ixʷ upstream
‘It is early upriver.’10 871 gʷəl dxʷsədil gʷəl
dxʷs–həd–il
SCONJ
CTD–hot–INCH
‘And it gets warm.’ 872 hiqab sq’ʷəl hiqab s–q’ʷəl excessively NP–hot
‘It is too hot.’ 873 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 874 t’it’ičəb kʷi tuʔaciɬta[l]bixʷ t’i–t’ičəb ATTN–bathe
kʷi
tu=ʔaciɬtalbixʷ
REM
PAST=people
SSP: ‘The people go into the water.’ 875 x̌ʷul’əxʷ biɬaʔlb ti tusəsq’ikʷs čaʔkʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now
biɬaʔl–b too.much–MD
ti
tu=s=ʔas–q’ikʷ=s
SPEC
PAST=NM=STAT–appear=3PO
‘They can be seen in the water just out of their depth.’ 876 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
10
Upriver is to the east, where the sun rises.
čaʔkʷ seaward
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
151
877 huˑy, taʔtab[ac] gʷəl ləɬaˑx̌il huy SCONJ
taʔ–tabac ATTN–slow
gʷəl
lə=ɬax̌–il
SCONJ
PROG=dark–INCH
SSP: ‘Then, slowly, it becomes night.’ 878 šišigʷagʷil tiʔiʔəʔ ši–šigʷ–agʷil tiʔ–iʔəʔ ATTN–emerge.from.water–AUTO PL–PROX
‘These people get themselves out of the water.’ 879 gʷəl gʷəgʷatəb tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl
gʷə–gʷat–b
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
ATTN–talk–PASS
PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘And Diaper Child is spoken to,’ 880 hiqab sq’ʷəl tiʔiɬ adsqa hiqab s–q’ʷəl excessively NP–hot
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad–sqa 2SG.PO–older.brother
‘ “Your older brother is far too hot.’ 881 ʔaləxʷ ʔu tiʔiɬ ƛ’usx̌aʔx̌aʔil ʔə tiʔiɬ sq’ʷəl ƛ’uspədils hədəb ʔal=axʷ ʔu tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=s=x̌aʔx̌aʔ–il at=now INT DIST HAB=NM=great–INCH
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
s–q’ʷəl
DIST
NP–hot
ƛ’u=s=pəd–il=s hədəb HAB=NM=season–INCH=3PO summer
‘ “When it comes to the peak of the heat of summer season,’ 882 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 883 huy gʷəl šubali tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬta[l]bixʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
šubali tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ many.die PROX people
SSP: ‘ “And then people will perish.’
152
Star Child
884 ʔabil’əxʷ gʷəʔəƛ’ tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaˑɬ ʔabil’=axʷ gʷə=ʔəƛ’ perhaps=now SBJ=come
tiʔiɬ DIST
ɬukʷaɬ sun
‘ “If perhaps the sun were to come,’ 885 gʷəl ʔalil taʔa gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal–il at–INCH
taʔa DIST:UNQ.DMA
‘ “And it appears over there.’ 886 ləbsq’ʷəliˑl lə=bə=ʔas–q’ʷəl–il PROG=ADD=STAT–hot–INCH
‘ “It will become warm.’ 887 gʷəl ʔalil tadiʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal–il at–INCH
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘ “Its position would be over there,’ 888 gʷəl ƛ’ux̌ʷil gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il cold–INCH
‘ “And it would cool down.’ 889 gʷəl ɬax̌il gʷəl SCONJ
ɬax̌–il dark–INCH
‘ “And night would come.’ 890 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
891 diɬ gʷəƛ’ub diɬ
gʷə=ƛ’ub
FOC
SBJ=well
SSP: ‘ “That would be right.” ’ 892 tatatəbəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ tatatəb=axʷ confer=now
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
‘They confer.’ 893 ʔuˑ, diɬ gʷəhaʔɬ ʔu
diɬ
gʷə=haʔɬ
INTJ
FOC
SBJ=good
‘ “Oh, that would be the good way.’ 894 hiqab dxʷsəd hiqab dxʷs–həd excessively CTD–hot
‘ “It’s too hot.” ’ 895 hiqab dxʷsəd hiqab dxʷs–həd excessively CTD–hot
‘ “It’s too hot.” ’ 896 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 897 ɬčil tiʔəʔ sqas ɬčil arrive
tiʔəʔ sqa–s older.brother–3PO
PROX
SSP: ‘His brother arrives.’
153
154
Star Child
898 gʷəl ləwiliqʷ gʷəl
lə=wiliqʷ
SCONJ
PROG=ask
‘And he asks,’ 899 ʔəsʔəx̌id ʔas–ʔəx̌id STAT–what.happened
‘ “How was it?’ 900 həʔ həʔ ‘ “Ha ha.” ’ 901 hiqab čəxʷ dxʷsəd hiqab čəxʷ dxʷs–həd excessively 2SG.SUB CTD–hot
‘ “You were too hot.” ’ 902 həʔ həʔ ‘ “Ha ha.’ 903 gʷəl šubali kʷədaʔ tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬta[l]bix cut tiʔəʔ sqas gʷəl šubali kʷədaʔ tiʔiɬ SONJ many.die PTCL DIST
ʔaciɬtalbix people
cut say
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘ “I suppose the people died!” his older brother said.’ 904 ƛ’alal ʔal tadiʔ ʔəsq’ikʷ ƛ’al–al ATTN–located
ʔal at
tadiʔ
ʔas–q’ikʷ
DIST.DMA
STAT–appear
‘ “As soon as it appears over there,’ 905 gʷəl dxʷsədiˑl gʷəl
dxʷs–həd–il
SCONJ
CTD–hot–INCH
‘ “And it gets hot.’
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
155
906 bək’ʷaxʷ x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔut’ičt’ičəb bək’ʷ=axʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ all=now just=now
ʔu–t’ič–t’ičəb PFV–DSTR–wade.out
‘ “Everyone gets into the water.’ 907 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 908 xʷiʔəxʷ gʷədiič’uʔ gʷəšikʷ xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
gʷə=diič’uʔ
gʷə=šikʷ
SBJ=one
SBJ=emerge.from.water
SSP: ‘ “Not one comes out of the water.’ 909 x̌ʷul’ čaʔkʷ ʔal tadiʔ x̌ʷul’ čaʔkʷ just seaward
ʔal at
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘ “Just out from shore over there,’ 910 čaʔkʷ x̌ʷul’ lədxʷčaʔčaʔkʷ čaʔkʷ seaward
x̌ʷul’ lə=dxʷ–čaʔ–čaʔkʷ just PROG=CNTRPT–DSTR–seaward
‘ “Out from shore, just out seaward,’ 911 gʷəl taw’taw’ičəd əlgʷəʔ gʷəl
taw’–taw’ičəd əlgʷəʔ
SCONJ
DSTR–immerse
PL
‘ “They immerse themselves in the water.’ 912 tux̌ʷəxʷ ʔəskʷədkʷədaɬ qʷəɬqʷɬayʔ, cq’ap tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now
ʔas–kʷəda–kʷəda–aɬ
qʷəɬ–qʷɬayʔ
STAT–DSTR–hold–INCRP
DSTR–log
cq’•ap spear•bottom
‘ “They have to hold poles to support themselves.” ’
156
Star Child
913 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 914 ʔu, dəgʷi k’ʷəɬ kʷi ɬup’aʔcut ʔu INTJ
dəgʷi you
k’ʷəɬ kʷi
ɬu=p’aʔ–t–sut
QTV
IRR=try–ICS–REFL
REM
SSP: ‘ “Oh, so the one to try is you.’ 915 dəgʷi kʷi ɬup’aʔcut ʔal kʷi dukʷəɬdat dəgʷi kʷi ɬu=p’aʔ–t–sut you REM IRR=try–ICS–REFL
ʔal at
kʷi REM
dukʷəɬdat tomorrow
‘ “The one who will try tomorrow is you.” ’ 916 ʔu, ʔəca ʔal taʔa gʷəl dxʷsədiˑl ʔu INTJ
ʔəca I
ʔal at
taʔa DIST:UNQ.DMA
gʷəl
dxʷs–həd–il
SCONJ
CTD–hot–INCH
‘ “Oh, so I am to place myself over there and make it warm?” ’ 917 x̌ʷul’ ʔal tadiʔ gʷəl ƛ’ux̌ʷil dxʷʔal sɬax̌il x̌ʷul’ ʔal tadiʔ gʷəl ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il dxʷ–ʔal sɬax̌–il just at DIST.DMA SCONJ cold–INCH CNTRPT–at darkness–INCH
‘ “Just over there, it will be cold toward evening.’ 918 diɬ gʷəƛ’ub diɬ
gʷə=ƛ’ub
FOC
SBJ=well
‘ “That would be good.” ’ 919 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He is spoken to by his younger sibling.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
157
920 cutəb ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child is told.’ 921 ʔux̌ʷ kʷi sp’ic’ikʷ ʔal kʷi sləx̌ils ʔux̌ʷ kʷi go REM
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
ʔal at
kʷi
s=sləx̌–il=s
REM
NM=daylight–INCH=3PO
‘Diaper Child goes in the morning.’ 922 ʔuˑ, ʔəsƛ’ux̌ʷil ʔal kʷi sʔəƛ’aˑs ʔu INTJ
ʔas–ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il ʔal STAT–cold–INCH at
kʷi
s=ʔəƛ’=as
REM
NM=come=3SBRD
‘Oh, it is cool while he comes.’ 923 ʔilabac ʔə t’at’agʷt gʷəl dxʷsədiˑl ʔil•abac side•body
ʔə PR
t’a–t’agʷt
gʷəl
dxʷs–həd–il
ATTN–on.top
SCONJ
CTD–hot–INCH
‘Just before noon it gets hot.’ 924 ləcuǰiq’agʷil kʷaʔ tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtaˑ[l]bixʷ ləcu–ǰiq’–agʷil CONT–immerse–AUTO
kʷaʔ
tiʔəʔ
PTCL
PROX
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
‘The people, though, are putting themselves in the water.’ 925 x̌ʷul’ ʔalil tadiʔ x̌ʷul’ just
ʔal–il at–INCH
tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘He gets over there.’ 926 gʷəl ƛ’uˑx̌ʷil gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il cold–INCH
‘And it cools off’
158
Star Child
927 gʷəl ɬax̌ gʷəl
ɬax̌ dark
SCONJ
‘And night comes.’ 928 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 929 ʔuˑ, diɬ ƛ’ub tiʔiɬ adsuq’ʷaʔ ʔu
diɬ
INTJ
FOC
ƛ’ub well
tiʔiɬ ad–suq’ʷaʔ 2SG.PO–younger.sibling
DIST
SSP: ‘ “Oh, your brother is all right.’ 930 diɬ ƛ’ub tiʔiɬ adsuq’ʷaʔ diɬ FOC
ƛ’ub well
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad–suq’ʷaʔ 2SG.PO–younger.sibling
‘ “Your brother is all right.’ 931 ɬuləsləx̌əd t(i) swatixʷtəd ɬu=ləs–ləx̌ə–t IRR=PROG.STAT–light–ICS
ti SPEC
swatixʷtəd country
‘ “He will be the one to light the land.” ’ 932 ʔuˑ, ɬuliɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd səɬax̌il ʔu INTJ
ɬu=liɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd IRR=by.way.of PTCL 1SG.SUB
s=lə=ɬax̌–il NM=PROG=dark–INCH
‘Oh, I guess that means I’ll be going by night.” ’ 933 cut cut say
‘He says.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
159
934 liɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd səɬax̌il liɬ–ʔal PRLV–at
haw’əʔ čəd s=lə=ɬax̌–il 1SG.SUB NM=PROG=dark–INCH
PTCL
‘ “I’ll be going by night.” ’ 935 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 936 x̌ʷul’ ʔuʔisʔistab, x̌ʷul’ x̌ʷul’ ʔu–ʔis–ʔistaʔ–b just PFV–DSTR–be.like–MD
SSP: ‘So it is done that way.’ 937 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl
lə=cut
SCONJ
PROG=say
‘And he speaks.’ 938 ɬčil tiʔəʔ ɬčil arrive
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘(Diaper Child) arrives.’ 939 gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷ gʷəl
lə=wiliq’ʷ
SCONJ
PROG=ask
‘And he asks.’ 940 ʔəx̌id ʔəx̌id what.happened
‘ “How was it?’
x̌ʷul’ just
160
Star Child
941 ʔəx̌id čəd ʔəx̌id čəd what.happened 1SG.SUB
‘ “How was I?’ 942 ƛ’ubil čəd ʔu ƛ’ub–il čəd ʔu well–INCH 1SG.SUB INT
‘ “Was I all right?” ’ 943 ʔəsƛ’ubil čəxʷ ʔas–ƛ’ub–il čəxʷ STAT–well–INCH 2SG.SUB
‘ “You are all right.’ 944 ʔal taˑʔa gʷəl dxʷsədil ʔal at
taʔa
gʷəl
dxʷs–həd–il
DIST:UNQ.DMA
SCONJ
CTD–hot–INCH
‘ “When you get there it gets hot.’ 945 x̌ʷul’ ʔal taʔa gʷəl ləƛ’uˑx̌ʷil x̌ʷul’ just
ʔal at
taʔa
gʷəl
lə=ƛ’ux̌ʷ–il
DIST:UNQ.DMA
SCONJ
PROG=cold–INCH
‘ “Over there and it cooled.’ 946 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 947 x̌ʷul’ ləcuǰiq’agʷil t(i) adʔiišəd dxʷʔal sƛ’ubils x̌ʷul’ ləcu–ǰiq’–agʷil just CONT–immerse–AUTO
ti SPEC
ad–ʔiišəd dxʷ–ʔal 2SG.PO–relatives CNTRPT–at
s=ƛ’ub–il=s NM=well–INCH=3PO
SSP: ‘ “Your people put themselves in the water until it was all right.” ’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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948 ʔux̌ʷc ʔux̌ʷ–c go–ALTV
‘He goes to his older brother.’ 949 ɬuliɬʔal haw’əʔ čəd ti ƛ’usəɬax̌il čəda x̌ʷul’əxʷ ɬuləst’it’əswičəb ʔal ti ƛ’usaʔɬil ʔə tə swatixʷtəd ɬu=liɬ–ʔal IRR=PRLV–at
haw’əʔ čəd ti ƛ’u=s=lə=ɬax̌–il 1SG.SUB SPEC HAB=NM=PROG=dark–INCH
PTCL
x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now
ɬu=ləs–t’i–t’əswič–b IRR=PROG.STAT–ATTN–back.to.fire–MD
ƛ’u=s=haʔɬ–il HAB=NM=good–INCH
ʔə PR
tə NSPEC
čəda 1SG.COORD
ʔal ti at SPEC
swatixʷtəd country
‘ “I guess I’ll (go) when it gets dark and I’ll just turn my back when (the weather) is good in the land.’ 950 ɬubək’ʷ ts(i) adč’əbas ɬu=bək’ʷ IRR=all
tsi SPEC:FEM
ad–č’əbas 2SG.PO–sibling.in.law
‘ “Your sister-in-law will go too.” ’ 951 qʷibicut tiʔiʔəʔ ʔi tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas qʷibi–t–sut prepare–ICS–REFL
tiʔ–iʔəʔ
ʔi
tsiʔəʔ
PL–PROX
CONJ
PROX:FEM
‘So he prepares himself and so does his wife.’ 952 kʷədad tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas kʷəda–t taken–ICS
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘He takes his wife.’ 953 kʷədatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ tiʔəʔ xʷʔix̌ʷads kʷəda–t–b taken–ICS–PASS
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘xʷʔix̌ʷads is taken by him.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
xʷʔix̌ʷads xʷʔix̌ʷads
čəgʷas–s wife=3PO
162
Star Child
954 tudəxʷʔasəxʷ tsiʔəʔ waw’lis ʔal ti stə sɬukʷalb tu=dəxʷ=ʔa=s=axʷ tsiʔəʔ wa–w’lis ʔal ti stə sɬukʷalb PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO=now PROX:FEM ATTN–frog at SPEC INTJ moon
‘There is a little frog on the moon because she was there.’ 955 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 956 xʷč’asusəxʷ ti sɬukʷalb xʷ–č’as•us=axʷ CTD–dirty•face=now
ti SPEC
sɬukʷalb moon
SSP: ‘The moon has markings on his face.’ 957 x̌ʷul’əxʷ ləʔa[h]il ʔə kʷi dxʷcutəbid x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now
lə=ʔa–il PROG=be.there–INCH
ʔə PR
kʷi
dxʷ=cut–ab–bi–t
REM
CTD=say–DSD–MAP–ICS
‘They are just visible to those that notice them.’ 958 gʷəl ləst’it’əswičəbəxʷ gʷəl
ləs–t’i–t’əswič–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PROG.STAT–ATTN–back.to.fire–MD=now
‘And (the older brother) turns his back.’ 959 ʔuˑx̌ʷ ti sp’ic’ikʷ ʔux̌ʷ ti SPEC go
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child goes.’ 960 ʔəsləx̌əd tiʔə swatixʷtəd ʔas–ləx̌–t STAT–light–ICS
‘The land is lit.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd country
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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961 t’igʷiˑd t’igʷi–t thank–ICS
‘They thank him.’ 962 x̌ʷul’ buusaɬ tiʔəʔ suʔux̌ʷs x̌ʷul’ buus•aɬ just four•CLS
tiʔəʔ
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=s
PROX
NM=PFV–go=3PO
‘He goes four times.’ 963 gʷəl ɬčil tiʔəʔ bəščəb gʷəl SCONJ
ɬčil tiʔəʔ arrive PROX
bəščəb mink
‘And Mink arrives.’ 964 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 965 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 966 huy sixʷ bədčəbaxʷ [tiʔəʔ] bəščəb huy
sixʷ
SCONJ
PTCL
bədčəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ lie=now PROX
SSP: ‘Then, as usual, Mink lies.’ 967 tiləb ʔuwiliq’ʷid tiləb ʔu–wiliq’ʷi–t immediately PFV–ask–ICS
‘He asks him right away.’
bəščəb mink
164
Star Child
968 bəʔəbsčəgʷas ʔu tiʔəʔ cədiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ bə=ʔas–bəs–čəgʷas ADD=STAT–PROP–wife
ʔu INT
tiʔəʔ cədiɬ he
PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘ “Does Diaper Child have a wife?’ 969 stabəxʷ tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ čəgʷas ʔal tiʔiɬ gʷəbasčəgʷasils stab=axʷ what=now
tsiʔəʔ
cədiɬ he
PROX:FEM
čəgʷas–s wife=3PO
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ DIST
gʷə=bə=ʔas–čəgʷas–il=s SBJ=ADD=STAT–wife–INCH=3PO
‘ “Who is his wife when he marries?’ 970 čad kʷi maʔmaʔ 11 čad where
kʷi REM
maʔmaʔ daddy
‘ “Where is daddy?” ’ 971 cutəb ʔə tiʔiɬ bəščəb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
bəščəb mink
‘It is spoken by Mink.’ 972 čad kʷi maʔmaʔ čad where
kʷi REM
maʔmaʔ daddy
‘ “Where is daddy?” ’ 973 ʔəbsbədaʔ haw’əʔ ʔu sus tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ STAT–PROP–offspring
haw’əʔ
ʔu
s=ʔu=s
tiʔəʔ
PTCL
INT
NM=INT=3PO
PROX
‘ “Does he have a child?’ 974 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷətučəgʷas gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=tu=čəgʷas=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=PAST=wife=3PO
‘ “And doesn’t he have a wife?” ’ 11
The word maʔmaʔ is a stylized form of babaʔ ‘daddy’.
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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975 ʔəsləx̌əd tə swatixʷtəd ʔas–ləx̌–t tə swatixʷtəd STAT–light–ICS NSPEC country
‘He is lighting the land.’ 976 ʔa, ɬugʷiitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ diʔadiʔ ʔa
ɬu=gʷihi–t–b
INTJ
IRR=invite–ICS–PASS
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
ʔal kʷədiʔ at REM.DMA
‘Oh, (Mink) will be invited to the other room.’ 977 ɬčil tiʔəʔ tusəsɬax̌il[s] ɬčil arrive
tiʔəʔ
tu=s=ʔəs–ɬax̌–il=s
PROX
PAST=NM=STAT–dark–INCH=3PO
‘He came during the night.’ 978 gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷid gʷəl
lə=wiliq’ʷi–t
SCONJ
PROG=ask–ICS
‘And he asked ...’ 979 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 980 [tsi] čəgʷas tsi SPEC:FEM
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
SSP: ‘... his wife.’ 981 ʔahəxʷ t(i) adsəsʔəq’dagʷəl ʔa=axʷ ti be.there=now SPEC
‘ “You have a visitor.’
ad=s=ʔas–ʔəq’–t–agʷəl 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–open–ICS–RCP
diʔ•adiʔ other.side•ear
166
Star Child
982 adbədaʔ k’ʷəɬ ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
k’ʷəɬ QTV
‘ “He says he is your son.’ 983 adbədaʔ k’ʷəɬ tiʔiɬ ʔuɬčil ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
k’ʷəɬ
tiʔiɬ
ʔu–ɬčil
QTV
DIST
PFV–arrive
‘ “The one who came says he is your son.’ 984 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ (chuckles) 985 diɬ sixʷ ti gə[t], bəščəb, diɬ diɬ
sixʷ
ti
FOC
PTCL
SPEC
gət guy
bəščəb diɬ mink FOC
SSP: ‘ “It is that guy, Mink, it is.’ 986 diɬ sixʷ ti gə[t], bəščəb diɬ
sixʷ
ti
FOC
PTCL
SPEC
gət guy
‘ “It is that fellow Mink.” ’ 987 ʔaˑ ƛ’uƛ’ačup tiʔəʔ bəščəb ƛ’u=ƛ’a•čup HAB=go•firewood
tiʔəʔ bəščəb PROX mink
‘Oh, Mink brings in wood.’ 988 ƛ’uƛ’ačup ƛ’u=ƛ’a•čup HAB=go•firewood
‘He brings in wood’
bəščəb mink
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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989 gʷəl ƛ’uʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ bads gʷəl
ƛ’u=ʔux̌ʷ
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
HAB=go
PROX
bad–s father–3PO
‘And his father goes.’ 990 diʔɬ tiʔəʔ scuts diʔɬ tiʔəʔ suddenly PROX
s=cut=s NM=say=3PO
‘Suddenly (Mink) says,’ 991 maʔmaʔ ɬasgʷaʔəxʷ čəd maʔmaʔ ɬu=ʔas–gʷaʔ=axʷ daddy IRR=STAT–accompany=now
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “Daddy, I will accompany you now.” ’ 992 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 993 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 994 ʔu, x̌aƛ’ tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ ʔu INTJ
x̌aƛ’ difficult
tiʔiɬ DIST
stuləkʷ river
SSP: ‘ “Oh, that river is difficult.’ 995 gʷəxʷit’il čəxʷ čxʷa gʷəʔatəbəd gʷə=xʷit’–il čəxʷ čxʷa SBJ=descend–INCH 2SG.SUB 2SG.COORD
‘ “You’d fall and you would die.” ’
gʷə=ʔatəbəd SBJ=die
168
Star Child
996 bəq’aq’ax̌acut bə=qʷa–q’ax̌a–t–sut ADD=ATTN–uncover–ICS–REFL
‘He shows himself a little.’ 997 bəq’aq’ax̌acut k’ʷəɬ bə=q’a–q’ax̌a–t–sut ADD=ATTN–uncover–ICS–REFL
k’ʷəɬ QTV
‘It is said that he shows himself a little.’ 998 gʷəl ƛ’usaliʔil tiʔiɬ ɬukʷəɬ gʷəl
ƛ’u=saliʔ–il
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
HAB=two–INCH
DIST
ɬukʷəɬ sun
‘And the sun always looks like two.’ 999 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsuq’ax̌acut, xʷiʔ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=ʔu–q’ax̌a–t–sut 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–uncover–ICS–REFL
‘ “Don’t show yourself, don’t!” ’ 1000 ʔaliləxʷ tiʔiɬə stuləkʷ ʔal–il=axʷ tiʔiɬə stuləkʷ at–INCH=now DIST river
‘When Diaper Child arrived at the river,’ 1001 gʷəl cutəb tiʔəʔ bəščəb, gʷəl SCONJ
cut–t–b tiʔəʔ say–ICS–PASS PROX
bəščəb mink
‘And Mink is told,’ 1002 kʷədyalc čəxʷ ʔə kʷi tib kʷəd•y•alc čəxʷ hold•CNN•PRDCT 2SG.SUB
‘ “You hold on tight now.’
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
tib be.strong
xʷiʔ NEG
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
169
1003 ɬusaxʷəb čəd dxʷdiʔucid ɬu=saxʷəb IRR=jump
čəd 1SG.SUB
dxʷ–diʔ•ucid CNTRPT–other.side•mouth
‘ “I am going to jump to the other side.” ’ 1004 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1005 huy kʷədyalcəxʷ kʷi bəščəb huy SCONJ
kʷəd•y•alc=axʷ hold•CNN•PRDCT=now
SSP: ‘Then Mink hangs on.’ 1006 huy saxʷəb huy SCONJ
saxʷ–b jump–MD
‘Then Diaper Child jumps.’ 1007 saxʷəbəxʷ saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now
‘He jumps.’ 1008 saxʷəbəxʷ kʷi bəščəb saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now
‘Mink jumps.’ 1009 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1010 SSP: mmm
kʷi REM
bəščəb mink
kʷi REM
bəščəb mink
170
Star Child
1011 sasaxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ bad sa–saxʷəb=axʷ ATTN–jump=now
tiʔəʔ bəščəb mink
PROX
‘The father hops over.’ 1012 x̌ibyalc x̌əɬ ti kʷuʔkʷəb x̌ib•y•alc x̌əɬ‿ti kʷuʔkʷəb grab•CNN•PRDCT seemingly hunchbacked
‘(Mink) grabs on (so that they) seem hunchbacked.’ 1013 saxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ dəbəɬ t’ət’əwaʔs saxʷəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ jump=now PROX
dəbəɬ belong.to.bloodline
t’ət’əwaʔs star
‘This one of the Star People jumps.’ 1014 ɬaˑx̌il ɬax̌–il dark–INCH
‘It becomes night.’ 1015 wiliq’itəb tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ wiliq’i–t–b ask–ICS–PASS
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘This one is asked.’ 1016 ƛ’uʔəx̌id kʷ(i) adəxʷsaliʔil ƛ’u=ʔəx̌id HAB=what.happened
kʷi REM
‘ “Why do you become two?’ 1017 ʔuʔəx̌id ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happened
‘ “What happened?’
ad=dəxʷ=saliʔ–il 2SG.PO=ADNM=two–INCH
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1018 saliʔil čəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔilʔabac ʔə t’at’əgʷt saliʔ–il čəxʷ two–INCH 2SG.SUB
ʔal tiʔiɬ at DIST
ʔil•abac repeat•body
ʔə PR
t’a–t’əgʷt ATTN–noon
‘ “You become two at noon.’ 1019 ƛ’adsbuusaɬil ʔal tiʔəʔ huyəɬt’agʷt ƛ’u=ad=s=buus•aɬ–il ʔal tiʔəʔ HAB=2SG.PO=NM=four•CLS–INCH at PROX
huyu–aɬ•t’agʷt made–INCRP•noon
‘ “It was your fourth time at noon.” ’ 1020 diɬ sixʷ tiʔəʔ ti ƛ’uləq’ax̌acut, ʔəsqpali diɬ
sixʷ
tiʔəʔ ti
ƛ’u=lə=q’ax̌a–t–sut
ʔas–qpali
FOC
PTCL
PROX
HAB=PROG=uncover–ICS–REFL
STAT–crazy
SPEC
‘ “It is the one who keeps showing himself, he is crazy,” ’ 1021 cutəb tiʔiɬ bəščəb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
tiʔiɬ DIST
bəščəb mink
‘He speaks of Mink.’ 1022 ʔuˑx̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ go PL
‘They go.’ 1023 t’uˑk’ʷ t’uk’ʷ go.home
‘They go home.’ 1024 ʔaˑ, qahəɬdat ʔa INTJ
qa•aɬ•dat many•CLS•day
‘Oh, it was many days.’
172
Star Child
1025 gʷəl bəcut, gʷəl
bə=cut
SCONJ
ADD=say
‘And Mink says,’ 1026 maʔmaʔ, ʔəca kʷi ɬasləx̌əd tə sləx̌il maʔmaʔ daddy
ʔəca I
kʷi
ɬu=ʔas–ləx̌–t
tə
REM
IRR=STAT–light–ICS
NSPEC
‘ “Daddy, I am going to go and light the daytime.’ 1027 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ (chuckles) 1028 ʔəca kʷi ɬasləx̌əd ʔəca I
kʷi
ɬu=ʔas–ləx̌–t
REM
IRR=STAT–light–ICS
SSP: ‘ “I am going to light it.’ 1029 ʔəcahəxʷ ʔəca=axʷ I=now
‘ “It will be me now.” ’ 1030 ʔu, gʷəʔatəbəd čəxʷ ʔu INTJ
gʷə=ʔatəbəd SBJ=die
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “Oh, you would die.’ 1031 xʷiʔ gʷadsaxʷəb xʷiʔ gʷə=ad=s=saxʷəb NEG SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=jump
‘ “You couldn’t jump.’
sləx̌–il daylight–INCH
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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1032 xʷiʔ gʷadsaxʷəb dxʷdiʔucid ʔə ti ʔal tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ xʷiʔ gʷə=ad=s=saxʷəb dxʷ–diʔ•ucid ʔə ti ʔal NEG SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=jump CNTRPT–other.side•mouth PR SPEC at tiʔiɬ DIST
stuləkʷ river
‘ “You couldn’t jump to the other side of the river.’ 1033 gʷəʔatəbəd čəxʷ gʷə=ʔatəbəd SBJ=die
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You would die.” ’ 1034 ʔuˑ, gʷəsaxʷəb čəd ʔu INTJ
gʷə=saxʷəb SBJ=jump
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “Oh, I could jump.” ’ 1035 hiwil [s]ʔas hiwil s=ʔa=s go.ahead NM=be.there=3PO
‘ “Go ahead then.” ’ 1036 ʔabyitəb ʔə kʷi tushaʔkʷs ƛ’alabac ʔab–yi–t–b extend–DAT–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
tu=s=haʔkʷ=s PAST=NM=3PO
ƛ’al•abac put.on•body
‘He is given some old time clothing.’ 1037 ʔux̌ʷ kʷi bəščəb ʔux̌ʷ kʷi go REM
bəščəb mink
‘Mink goes.’ 1038 mmm 1039 huˑy, ʔahəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ kʷi sq’iq’əlx̌s gʷəsaxʷəbs huy SCONJ
ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ DIST
stuləkʷ kʷi river REM
s=q’i–q’əlx̌=s NM=ATTN–surprised=3PO
174
Star Child
gʷə=s=saxʷəb=s SBJ=NM=jump=3PO
‘He arrives at the river and he hesitates to jump (from fear).’ 1040 x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔa x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now
ʔa be.there
‘He just stands there,’ 1041 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1042 huy, huyucutəxʷ kʷi bəščəb huy SCONJ
huyu–t–sut=axʷ made–ICS–REFL=now
kʷi REM
bəščəb mink
SSP: ‘Then Mink prepares himself.’ 1043 saxʷəb saxʷəb jump
‘He jumped.’ 1044 siʔiʔacgʷiɬ kʷi sɬaq’s s=ʔiʔi–ʔac•gʷiɬ NM=ATTN–center•canoe
‘He lands in mid-river.’ 1045 huy p’q’ʷaxʷ huy SCONJ
p’q’ʷ=axʷ float=now
‘Then he drifts.’ 1046 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
kʷi
s=ɬaq’a=s
REM
NM=fall=3PO
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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1047 huy ɬax̌iləxʷ huy SCONJ
ɬax̌–il=axʷ dark–INCH=now
SSP: ‘Then it becomes night.’ 1048 ƛ’al’al’ gʷəl ɬax̌il ƛ’al’–al’ DIM.EFF–early
gʷəl SCONJ
ɬax̌–il dark–INCH
‘It is early and yet it gets dark.’ 1049 ʔal tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ sləx̌il gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔal at
tiʔiɬ DIST
dəč’uʔ one
sləx̌–il daylight–INCH
gʷəl
bə=ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
ADD=go
PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘The next day (Diaper Child) goes again.’ The second side of the first reel of tape runs out and the second reel begins. 1050 ʔahiltxʷ k’ʷuyəʔ ʔa–il–txʷ be.there–INCH–ECS
k’ʷuyəʔ mom
AS: ‘Put it there, Mom.’ The recording becomes indistinct as several people begin talking at once. 1051 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ cədiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
cədiɬ he
SSP: ‘Diaper Child went.’ 1052 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now
‘He went ...’ 1053 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
176
Star Child
1054 ʔal tiʔiɬ bədč’uʔəxʷ basləx̌il ʔal at
tiʔiɬ
bə=dəč’uʔ=axʷ
bə=ʔas–ləx̌–il
DIST
ADD=one=now
ADD=STAT–light–INCH
SSP: ‘... the next day.’ 1055 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ go
tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘And Diaper Child goes,’ 1056 ʔuʔatəbədəxʷ kʷaʔ ti bəščəb ʔu–ʔatəbəd=axʷ PFV–die=now
kʷaʔ
ti
PTCL
SPEC
bəščəb mink
‘However, Mink dies.’ 1057 x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔudᶻək’ʷucut x̌ʷul’=axʷ ʔu–dᶻək’ʷu–t–sut just=now PFV–travel–ICS–REFL
‘He drifts.’ 12 1058 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəˑʔ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ go PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘He goes.’ 1059 gʷəl ʔəƛ’ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’iˑkʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔəƛ’ come
tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘And Diaper Child comes.’ 1060 gʷəl ɬaˑx̌il gʷəl SCONJ
ɬax̌–il dark–INCH
‘And it gets dark.’
12
The original gloss of this sentence was ‘He drifted (on the Milky Way)’.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
177
1061 x̌ʷuˑl’ ləɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiišəds x̌ʷul’ lə=ɬčil just PROG=arrive
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
CNTRPT–at
PROX
ʔiišəd–s relatives–3PO
‘He arrives where his people are.’ 1062 huy x̌aʔx̌aʔx̌ayəbcutəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
x̌aʔ–x̌aʔ–x̌ayəb–t–sut=axʷ ATTN–ATTN–laugh–ICS–REFL=now
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
‘Then they laugh.’ 1063 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1064 huy tubəʔəx̌idəxʷ čəxʷ huy SCONJ
tu=bə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ čəxʷ PAST=ADD=what.happened=now 2SG.SUB
SSP: ‘ “What was the matter with you then?’ 1065 tubəʔəx̌idəxʷ dəxʷsƛ’al’al’s tiʔəʔ adsɬax̌iltxʷ tu=bə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ
dəxʷ=s=ƛ’al’–al’=s
tiʔəʔ
PAST=ADD=what.happened=now
ADNM=NM=DIM.EFF–early=3PO
PROX
ad=s=ɬax̌–il–txʷ 2SG.PO=NM=light–INCH–ECS
‘ “What was the matter that you made it get dark early?” ’ 1066 tiləb ʔucut tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tiləb immediately
ʔu–cut
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PROX here
PFV–say
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Right away, Diaper Child says,’ 1067 həʔhuʔ diɬ sixʷ ti xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ bəščəb həʔhuʔ ha
diɬ
sixʷ
ti
xʷiʔ
lə–haʔɬ
FOC
PTCL
SPEC
NEG
NEG–good
‘ “Ha, it was that no-good Mink.’
bəščəb mink
178
Star Child
1068 diɬ tiʔiɬ ƛ’uhuhuyucut diɬ
tiʔiɬ
ƛ’u=hu–huyu–t–sut
FOC
DIST
HAB=ATTN–made–ICS–REFL
‘ “He is the one who acted up.” ’ 1069 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1070 ƛ’učaˑdəxʷ ʔal ti ʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ kʷi sʔas ƛ’u=čad=axʷ ʔal HAB=where=now at
ti SPEC
ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ downstream•land
SSP: ‘ “Where is he now in the sky?” ’ 1071 diɬ tuʔəƛ’ diɬ
tu=ʔəƛ’
FOC
PAST=come
‘ “He came.’ 1072 tuləx̌əd tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd tu=ləx̌–t tiʔəʔ PAST=light–ICS PROX
swatixʷtəd country
‘ “He lit up the land.’ 1073 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ʔusaxʷəb gʷəl SCONJ
x̌ʷul’ ʔu–saxʷəb just PFV–jump
‘ “And he just jumped,’ 1074 gʷəl ƛ’al’ ʔacgʷiɬ gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’al’ ʔac•gʷiɬ also center•canoe
‘ “And he landed midstream’
kʷi
s=ʔa=s
REM
NM=be.there=3PO
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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1075 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ, p’əq’ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ p’əq’ʷ go drift
‘ “And he goes, he drifts.’ 1076 ʔuʔatəbəd xʷuʔələʔ ʔu–ʔatəbəd PFV–die
xʷuʔələʔ maybe
‘ “I guess he died,” ’ 1077 cutəb tiʔəʔ bəščəd cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
tiʔəʔ bəščəd PROX mink
‘Mink is spoken about.’ 1078 xʷiʔ uʔxʷ kʷi bəsʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ cədiɬ sqaʔs xʷiʔ
uʔxʷ kʷi
bə=s=ʔux̌ʷ
NEG
PTCL
ADD=NM=go
REM
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
cədiɬ he
sqaʔ–s older.sibling–3PO
‘His older brother hasn’t gone.’ 1079 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1080 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1081 xʷiʔ uʔxʷ gʷəsʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sɬukʷalb xʷiʔ NEG
uʔxʷ gʷə=s=ʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ SBJ=NM=go PR PROX
PTCL
SSP: ‘The Moon hasn’t gone yet.’
diʔəʔ here
sɬukʷalb moon
180
Star Child
1082 ƛ’al’ ƛ’ubələcuɬiɬəčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ cədiɬ ʔalʔals əlgʷəʔ dəxʷəsq’ʷuʔs ƛ’al’ ƛ’u=bə=ləcu–ɬi–ɬəčil HAB=ADD=CONT–ATTN–arrive
also
əlgʷəʔ PL
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
cədiɬ ʔalʔal–s
CNTRPT–at
PROX
he
house–3PO
dəxʷ=ʔas–q’ʷuʔ=s ADNM=STAT–gather=3PO
‘He keeps coming back to the house where they are gathered.’ 1083 tatabəbəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ tatabəb=axʷ confer=now
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
‘They confer.’ 1084 tatabəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi tiʔəʔ sqaʔs tatabəb=axʷ confer=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi Diaper.Child CONJ
tiʔəʔ PROX
sqaʔ–s older.sibling–3PO
‘Diaper Child and his brother confer.’ 1085 ʔu, ɬudaʔadəxʷ čəɬ haw’əʔ tiʔəʔ stul’tuləkʷ ʔu INTJ
ɬu=daʔa–t=axʷ čəɬ haw’əʔ tiʔəʔ stul’–tuləkʷ IRR=name–ICS=now 1PL.PO PTCL PROX DSTR–river
‘ “Oh, I guess we had better name the rivers.’ 1086 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1087 ɬudaʔad čəɬ tiʔəʔ stuləkʷ ɬu=daʔa–t čəɬ IRR=named–ICS 1PL.PO
tiʔəʔ PROX
SSP: ‘ “We’ll name the rivers.’ 1088 gʷəl ɬudxʷšac’qid gʷəl
ɬu=dxʷ–šac’•qid
SCONJ
IRR=CTD–end•voice
‘ “And they will have names.’
stuləkʷ river
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
181
1089 ɬudaʔad čəɬ kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ, kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ, kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ ʔal kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ ɬu=daʔa–t čəɬ kʷi IRR=named–ICS 1PL.PO REM
dᶻəɬixʷ kʷi dᶻəɬixʷ kʷi creek REM creek REM
dᶻəɬixʷ ʔal kʷi creek at REM
dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe
‘ “We’ll name the streams, the creeks, the creeks belonging to other tribes.’ 1090 ɬudaʔad čəɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ ɬu=daʔa–t čəɬ tiʔəʔ IRR=named–ICS 1PL.PO PROX
diʔəʔ here
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘ “We’ll name these, these other tribes.’ 1091 ʔi, gʷəl ɬuləliʔucid ʔi gʷəl yes SCONJ
ɬu=ləliʔ•ucid IRR=foreign•language
‘ “Yes, they will have different languages ...” ’ 1092 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1093 taʔaʔ dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ taʔaʔ dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ DIST:UNQ.DMA different.tribe
SSP: ‘ “... those other tribes.” ’ 1094 cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’ cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘He says to the older one,’ 1095 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’
ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old
dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe
182
Star Child
1096 ɬudaʔadəxʷ čəɬ tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ɬu=daʔa–t=axʷ IRR=name–ICS=now
čəɬ 1PL.PO
tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
SSP: ‘ “We’ll name them all now from here.’ 1097 ɬux̌čaʔkʷbixʷədəxʷ čəɬ ɬu=x̌–čaʔkʷ•bixʷ–t=axʷ čəɬ IRR=CTD–seaward•cluster–ICS=now 1PL.PO
‘ “We’ll start counting them off now.” ’ 1098 daʔad tiʔəʔ q’ʷulƛ’əl daʔa–t tiʔəʔ named–ICS PROX
q’ʷulƛ’əl Point.Roberts
‘They named Point Roberts.’ 1099 daʔad tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəbac daʔa–t named–ICS
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
sʔəbac Sumas
‘They named Sumas.’ 1100 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1101 daʔad tiʔəʔ bəšxʷsaʔq daʔa–t named–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
bəšxʷsaʔq Nooksack
SSP: ‘They named Nooksack.’ 1102 daʔad tiʔəʔ dxʷləbəyʔ daʔa–t named–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
dxʷləbəyʔ Lummi
‘They named Lummi.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
183
1103 daʔad tiʔəʔ dxʷʔahaʔ daʔa–t named–ICS
tiʔəʔ
dxʷʔahaʔ Upper.Samish
PROX
‘They named Upper Samish.’ 1104 daʔad tiʔəʔ dxʷɬaʔɬaʔus daʔa–t named–ICS
tiʔəʔ
dxʷɬaʔɬaʔus Bayview
PROX
‘They named Bayview;’ 1105 daʔad tiʔəʔ čəčabqəb, tiʔəʔ sʔabš, tiʔəʔ swədəbš, tiʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ, tiʔəʔ kikiʔalus, tiʔəʔ qʷadᶻaʔkʷbixʷ, tiʔəʔ sdəhubš, tiʔəʔ sq’ixʷəbš, tiʔəʔ sdukʷalbixʷ, tiʔəʔ dxʷdəwʔabš, tiʔəʔ puyalapəbš daʔa–t tiʔəʔ named–ICS PROX gʷəɬ
čəčabqəb tiʔəʔ sʔabš tiʔəʔ swədəbš tiʔəʔ Lower.Guemes PROX Samish PROX Swinomish PROX
sqaǰət Skagit
ASSC
stuləkʷ tiʔəʔ river PROX
sdəhubš Snohomish
tiʔəʔ
sq’ixʷəbš Monro.Area
PROX
dxʷdəwʔabš Duwamish
kikiʔalus Kikialus
tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ PROX
qʷadᶻaʔkʷbixʷ tiʔəʔ Camano.Isle PROX
sdukʷalbixʷ Snoqualmie
tiʔəʔ PROX
puyalapəbš Puyallup
‘They named Lower Guemes Island, Samish, Swinomish, Skagit, Kikiallus, Northeast Camano Island, Snohomish, the Monro Area, Snoqualmie, Duwamish, Puyallup.’ 1106 x̌ʷul’ x̌əɬ ti diɬgʷas tiʔəʔ sk’ʷidaʔkʷbixʷ x̌ʷul’ x̌əɬ‿ti just
diɬgʷas tiʔəʔ
seemingly alike
PROX
sk’ʷid•aʔkʷ•bixʷ how.much•group•cluster
‘ “These will be kind of alike.’ 1107 tux̌ʷ (h)uy ləliʔ kʷi sudaʔads kʷi bək’ʷ stab tux̌ʷ just
huy SCONJ
ləliʔ kʷi s=ʔu–daʔa–t=s kʷi bək’ʷ stab different REM NM=PFV–named–ICS=3PO REM all what
‘ “Only they will call everything differently.’
184
Star Child
1108 lələliʔil lə–ləliʔ–il PROG–different–INCH
‘ “They will be a little different.’ 1109 ƛ’al’ basʔistəʔ tiʔiɬə čəčabqab ƛ’al’ bə=ʔas–ʔistəʔ also ADD=STAT–be.like
tiʔiɬə DIST
čəčabqab Lower.Guemes
‘ “The Lower Guemes branch of Samish will be similar also.’ 1110 ƛ’al’ x̌əɬ ti x̌ʷul’ diɬgʷas ƛ’al’ also
x̌əɬ‿ti seemingly
x̌ʷul’ diɬgʷas just alike
‘ “It will be similar also,’ 1111 gʷəl tux̌ʷ (h)uy ləliʔ tiʔiɬ xʷgʷədgʷatəd ʔə tiʔiɬ diič’uʔ gʷəl SCONJ
tux̌ʷ just
huy SCONJ
ləliʔ different
tiʔiɬ DIST
xʷgʷədgʷatəd ʔə voice PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
diič’uʔ one:HMN
‘ “And their speech will be a different one.” ’ 1112 tiʔiɬ bəkʷšab, tiʔiɬ qəw’čəd, tiʔiɬ st’ək’iʔ, tiʔiɬ st’əbšyəl, tiʔiɬ ʔəytəʔ, tiʔiɬ yəqʷɬtəʔ tiʔiɬ
bəkʷšab Muckleshoot
DIST
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔəytəʔ Haida
tiʔiɬ qəw’čəd Cowichan
DIST
tiʔiɬ DIST
tiʔiɬ st’ək’iʔ DIST
Stikine
tiʔiɬ st’əbšyəl DIST
Alaskans
yəqʷɬtəʔ yəqʷɬtəʔ
‘The Muckleshoot, the Cowichan, the Stikine, the Alaskans, the Haida, the yəqʷɬtəʔ.’ 1113 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1114 diɬ bək’ʷ tudaʔad dxʷʔal sxʷʔəƛ’gʷas diɬ FOC
bək’ʷ all
tu=daʔa–t
dxʷ–ʔal
s=xʷ–ʔəƛ’•gʷas=s
PAST=name–ICS
CNTRPT–at
NM=CTD–come•pair=3PO
SSP: ‘These were all named until it was finished.’
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1115 ʔi diɬəxʷ ƛ’udəx̌ʷiličəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ƛ’uləcuʔiyəhub ʔi diɬ=axʷ ƛ’u=dəxʷ=x̌ʷilič=axʷ yes FOC=now HAB=ADNM=kneel=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=ləcu–ʔiyəhub DIST HAB=CONT–tell.story
‘That is why storytellers used to kneel.’ 1116 x̌ʷiličəxʷ ʔə tsiʔiɬ tudkiaʔ x̌ʷilič=axʷ kneel=now
ʔə tsiʔiɬ PR DIST:FEM
tu=d–kiaʔ PAST=1SG.PO–grandmother
‘My late grandmother knelt.’ 1117 daʔatəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ daʔa–t–b=axʷ name–ICS–PASS=now
tiʔəʔ
gʷəɬ
PROX
ASSC
sqaǰət Skagit
stuləkʷ river
‘The Skagit river is named.’ 1118 ləq’aɬidgʷas ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ləq’aɬ•gʷas be.in.right.place•pair
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd country
PROX
‘It was right next to the land.’ 1119 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’ 1120 tiʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ tiʔəʔ
gʷəɬ
PROX
ASSOC
sqaǰət Skagit
stuləkʷ river
SSP: ‘It belongs with the Skagit River.’ 1121 daʔadəxʷ tul’al tadiʔ diʔiʔ daʔa–t=axʷ name–ICS=now
tul’–ʔal
tadiʔ
CNTRFG–at
DIST.DMA
diʔiʔ yonder
‘They name them from way over there.’
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Star Child
1122 ʔəwʔəwalus, tiʔəʔ dx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb,13 tiʔəʔ dxʷɬuaykʷ 14 ʔəwʔəwalus Camano
tiʔəʔ
dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb tiʔəʔ dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb PROX
PROX
dxʷɬuaykʷ dxʷɬuaykʷ
‘Camano, dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb, dxʷɬuaykʷ.’ 1123 daʔad tiʔəʔ qa daʔa–t named–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
qa many
‘They name lots.’ 1124 tiʔəʔ xʷiʔ gʷəsudaʔads tiʔəʔ
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–daʔa–t=s
PROX
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–name–ICS=3PO
‘There aren’t many that they didn’t name.’ 1125 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1126 k’ʷak’ʷasalap, k’ʷasalap, dx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb, [dxʷ]ɬuaykʷ, dxʷduʔdkʷəšəd, dxʷduʔdkʷəšəd, ʔidigʷatəs tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔacəc k’ʷak’ʷasalap k’ʷasalap k’ʷak’ʷasalap k’ʷasalap
dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb
dxʷ–dudkʷəšəd ʔidigʷat=as CTD–Demock.Point say.what=3SBRD
dxʷɬuaykʷ dxʷ–dudkʷəšəd dxʷɬuaykʷ CTD–Demock.Point tiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔacəc at UNQ
PROX
SSP: ‘k’ʷak’ʷasalap, k’ʷasalap, dxʷx̌ʷitx̌ʷitəb, dxʷɬuaykʷ, dxʷdudkʷəšəd, what do they call that place there?’ 1127 dəbəxʷ tuʔal ti ʔəcəladiʔ dəb=axʷ tu=ʔal instead=now PAST=at
ti SPEC
ʔəcəladiʔ Utsalady
‘Instead of what was at Utsalady.’
13 14
Unidentified location on Camano Island. Cf. sɬuayʔikʷ ‘cedar bark clothing’.
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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1128 tigʷəbid tigʷəbid tigʷəbid
UW: ‘tigʷəbid.’ 1129 tigʷəbid tigʷəbid tigʷəbid
‘tigʷəbid.’ 1130 tigʷəbid tigʷəbid tigʷəbid
SSP: ‘tigʷəbid.’ 1131 diɬəxʷ tusdaʔads tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
tu=s=daʔa–t=s PAST=NM=name–ICS=3PO
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
‘That is what they named it.’ 1132 gʷəl dəbaxʷ diɬəxʷ ʔəcəladiʔtub ʔə tə pastəd gʷəl SCONJ
dəb=axʷ diɬ=axʷ ʔəcəladiʔ–txʷ–b instead=now FOC=now Utsalady–ECS–PASS
ʔə tə pastəd PR NSPEC white.person
‘And instead now it is Utsalady, what the white people call it.’ 1133 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔəcəladiʔ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ ʔəcəladiʔ here Utsalady
‘Then there is Utsalady.’ 1134 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌əɬqʷuʔ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘Then there is x̌əɬqʷuʔ.’
diʔəʔ x̌əɬqʷuʔ here x̌əɬqʷuʔ
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Star Child
1135 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ sq’ayups ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
sq’ayups sq’ayups
‘There is sq’ayups.’ 1136 ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ tul’aləxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔilucid ti sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ, tiʔiɬ stusp’ic’ikʷ ʔa=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
tul’–ʔal=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
ʔil•ucid
ti
be.there=now
PROX
CNTRFG–at=now
PROX
side•mouth
SPEC
sdaʔ name
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
tiʔiɬ
s=tu=sp’ic’ikʷ
PROX
DIST
NM=PAST=Diaper.Child
‘From the water’s edge now is where he, the one who had been Diaper Child, named places.’ 1137 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1138 daʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌ʷəlalič daʔa–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ name–ICS=now PL PROX here
x̌ʷəlalič x̌ʷəlalič
SSP: ‘They name this x̌ʷəlalič.’ 1139 daʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ stuʔtuʔtələkʷ daʔa–t=axʷ name–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ
stuʔ–tuʔ–tələkʷ
PL
ATTN–ATTN–river
PROX
‘They name the little rivers.’ 1140 balbaliic čəd gʷatəxʷəs ti sdaʔdaʔ ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ bal–bali–c čəd gʷat=axʷ=as ti sdaʔ–daʔa ʔə tiʔ–iʔiɬ DSTR–forget–ALTV 1SG.SUB who=now=3SBRD SPEC DSTR–name PR PL–DIST
‘I’ve forgotten what all of their names were.’ 1141 ʔəbadəč ʔəbadəč ʔəbadəč
‘ʔəbadəč.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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1142 diɬ dəč’uʔ diɬ FOC
dəč’uʔ one
‘That is one.’ 1143 ʔudaʔatəb tiʔəʔ ʔabadəč ʔu–daʔa–t–b tiʔəʔ ʔabadəč PFV–named–ICS–PASS PROX ʔabadəč
‘This ʔabadəč is named.’ 1144 ʔuˑx̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ cədiɬ dᶻəɬdᶻəɬixʷ saliʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
cədiɬ he
dᶻəɬ–dᶻəɬixʷ DSTR–creek
‘Now comes the creeks, two.’ 1145 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1146 ʔəsbaliic [čəd] ʔas–bali–c STAT–forget–ALTV
čəd 1SG.SUB
SSP: ‘I’ve forgotten them.’ 1147 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ dxʷsigʷucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX
dxʷsigʷucid dxʷsigʷucid
‘Now comes dxʷsigʷucid,’ 1148 ƛ’udaʔatəb ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b HAB=named–ICS–PASS
‘It is called (that).’
saliʔ two
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Star Child
1149 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikiʔalusali ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX
kikiʔalusali Kikiallus
‘Now comes Kikiallus.’ 1150 ʔa xʷuʔələʔ tiʔiʔiɬ sdaʔdaʔs ʔa be.there
xʷuʔələʔ maybe
tiʔ–iʔiɬ
sdaʔ–daʔs
PL–DIST
DSTR–name
‘I suppose there are lots of names.’ 1151 tux̌ʷ čəd ʔəsbaliic tux̌ʷ just
čəd 1SG.SUB
ʔas–bali–c STAT–forget–ALTV
‘Unfortunately I’ve forgotten them.’ 1152 ʔuˑx̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔaɬx̌adqid ʔə qʷaʔalič ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
ʔaɬx̌ad•qid ʔə qʷaʔalič downstream•top PR qʷaʔalič
‘Now comes the upriver area of qʷaʔalič.’ 1153 qa tiʔiɬ ʔəsbaliic čəd [kʷi] sdaʔdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ stul’tuləkʷ qa lots
tiʔiɬ
ʔas–bali–c
DIST
STAT–forget–ALTV
čəd kʷi sdaʔ–daʔa 1SG.SUB REM DSTR–name
ʔə PR
stul’–tuləkʷ DSTR–river
‘There are so many I’ve forgotten, the names of the rivers.’ 1154 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1155 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX
diʔəʔ q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ here q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ
SSP: ‘Now comes q’ʷaq’ʷaluʔ.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
191
1156 həbuʔ kʷi gʷadsč’abč’abyiqʷəb həbuʔ haboo
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s=č’ab–č’abyiqʷ–b
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=DSTR–great.grandparent–MD
AS: ‘Say haboo that you will have great-grandchildren!’ 1157 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ susut’iʔəʔəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX
diʔəʔ here
susut’iʔəʔ=axʷ Mt.Vernon=now
SSP: ‘Now comes Mount Vernon.’ 1158 xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus xʷ–q’ʷiq’ʷ•us CTD–white•face
‘xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus.’ 1159 xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus tusdaʔs xʷ–q’ʷiq’ʷ•us tu=sdaʔ–s CTD–white•face PAST=name–3PO
‘xʷq’ʷiq’ʷus was its name.’ 1160 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ xʷq’ʷubtax̌a[d] 15 ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX
xʷq’ʷubtax̌ad xʷq’ʷubtax̌ad
‘Now comes xʷq’ʷubtax̌ad.’ 1161 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ č’ač’xʷəx̌aʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
č’ač’xʷəx̌aʔ č’ač’xʷəx̌aʔ
‘Now comes čač’xʷəx̌aʔ.’ 1162 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dxʷbaqʷas, q’ʷəbtax̌a[d] xʷuʔələʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
dxʷbaqʷas dxʷbaqʷas
q’ʷəbtax̌ad q’ʷəbtax̌ad
xʷuʔələʔ maybe
‘Then comes this dxʷbaqʷas, maybe it is q’ʷəbtax̌ad.’ 15
Cf. sxʷq’ʷuptax̌ad ‘Green River’.
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Star Child
1163 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔə x̌idubuʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
x̌idubuʔ x̌idubuʔ
‘Now comes this x̌idubuʔ.’ 1164 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ xʷq’aytəd ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
xʷq’aytəd xʷq’ayted
‘Now comes this xʷq’ayted.’ 1165 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ sčačigʷəqs ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ sčačigʷəqs go=now PROX sčačigʷəqs
‘Now comes this sčačigʷəqs.’ 1166 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ dxʷč’itqsqəd, pəlgʷusali ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
dxʷč’itqsqəd dxʷč’itqsqəd
pəlgʷusali pəlgʷusali
‘Now comes this dxʷč’itqsqəd, pəlgʷusali.’ 1167 diɬəxʷ tudaʔatəb ʔə tiʔiɬ tuluƛ’luƛ’ diɬ=axʷ tu=daʔa–t–b FOC=now PAST=name–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
tu=luƛ’–luƛ’
DIST
PAST=DSTR–old
‘These were all named by those elders.’ 1168 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1169 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌ʷix̌ʷalič ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
x̌ʷix̌ʷalič x̌ʷix̌ʷalič
SSP: ‘Now comes x̌ʷix̌ʷalič.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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1170 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ x̌ʷəlacu ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX
x̌ʷəlacu x̌ʷəlacu
‘Now comes x̌ʷəlacu.’ 1171 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ čičəwucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ go=now PROX
čičəwucid čičəwucid
‘Now comes čičəwucid.’ 1172 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔə xʷixʷəcilax̌ad, kəkəwaʔcuʔ, yubəčal’txʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ xʷixʷəcilax̌ad go=now PROX xʷixʷəcilax̌ad
kəkəwaʔcuʔ kəkəwaʔcuʔ
yubəčal’txʷ yubəčal’txʷ
‘Now comes this xʷixʷəcilax̌ad, kəkəwaʔcuʔ, yubəčal’txʷ.’ 1173 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1174 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔiɬə DIST
SSP: ‘Now comes this ...’ 1175 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1176 gʷat əw’ə tiʔiɬ sdaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔal l’yman 16 gʷat who
əw’ə
tiʔiɬ
PTCL
DIST
sdaʔ ʔə name PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔal at
l’yman Lyman
SSP: ‘What in the world is the name of that (place) at Lyman?’
16
Vi Hilbert supplies the name čubəʔabš.
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Star Child
1177 ʔəsbal’baliic tiʔiɬ sdaʔdaʔ ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ ʔas–bal’–bali–c tiʔiɬ STAT–DSTR–forget–ALTV DIST
sdaʔ–daʔa DSTR–name
ʔə PR
‘I’ve forgotten their names.’ 1178 ʔəsbaliicəxʷ ʔas–bali–c=axʷ STAT–forget–ALTV=now
UW: ‘She forgets.’ 1179 x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ʔuʔux̌ʷtxʷ x̌ʷul’ just
čəxʷ ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ 2SG.SUB PFV–go–ECS
AS: ‘Just go ahead,’ 1180 x̌ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ gʷəsbaliic čəxʷ x̌ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ just worthless
gʷə=s=bali–c SBJ=NM=forget–ALTV
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘It doesn’t matter what you’ve forgotten.’ 1181 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔal č’ič’əx̌əb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
ʔal at
č’ič’əx̌əb č’ič’əx̌əb
SSP: ‘Now comes č’ič’əx̌əb.’ 1182 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔal səxʷyuqʷəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
ʔal at
səxʷyuqʷəb səxʷyuqʷəb
‘Now comes that at səxʷyuqʷəb.’ 1183 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ q’ədᶻɬx̌ac ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
q’ədᶻɬx̌ac q’ədᶻɬx̌ac
‘Now comes q’ədᶻx̌ac.’
tiʔ–iʔiɬ PL–DIST
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
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1184 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ slux̌ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
slux̌ slux̌
‘Now comes slux̌.’ 1185 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis, ƛ’iƛ’ɬqi[d], dxʷqʷadᶻbucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis
ƛ’iƛ’ɬqid ƛ’iƛ’ɬqid
dxʷqʷadᶻbucid dxʷqʷadᶻbucid
‘Now comes sx̌adᶻx̌adᶻədis, ƛ’iƛ’ɬquid, dʷqʷadᶻbucid.’ 1186 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1187 SSP: ʔuqʷalap, dxʷqʷadᶻbucid, hadᶻaligʷəd,17 dxʷuptəd, sx̌ʷulux̌ʷ, šuƛ’, dxʷʔihigʷəb, diʔus 1188 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1189 liɬq’ix̌ʷəxʷ čəd liɬ•q’ix̌ʷ=axʷ čəd located•upstream=now 1SG.SUB
SSP: ‘I’m upriver now.’ 1190 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
UW: ‘Haboo.’
17
Unidentified place above Hamilton.
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Star Child
1191 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ləc’ililəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
ləc’ililəb ləc’ililəb
‘Now comes this ləc’ililəb,’ 1192 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ sp’aʔdaq ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
sp’aʔdaq Channel Gorge
‘Now comes this Channel Gorge.’ 1193 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔilucid ʔə dxʷqəlb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔil•ucid ʔə side•mouth PR
dxʷqəlb Baker River
‘Then, on the banks of Baker River.’ 1194 AS: Up in concrete now, we are up in Concrete 1195 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ duqʷduqʷala[d] ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
duqʷduqʷalad duqʷduqʷalad
SSP: ‘Now comes this duqʷduqʷalad.’ 1196 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ti xʷuk’ʷadis ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ ti xʷuk’ʷadis go=now SPEC xʷuk’ʷadis
‘Then there is xʷuk’ʷadis.’ 1197 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ti sʔiʔəʔišiw’ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ ti sʔiʔəʔišiw’ go=now SPEC sʔiʔəʔišiw’
‘Now comes this sʔiʔəʔišiw’.’ 1198 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ti dxʷqʷadᶻbucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ ti dxʷqʷadᶻbucid go=now SPEC dxʷqʷadᶻbucid
‘Now comes dxʷadᶻəbucid.’
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1199 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔilucid saʔkʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ ʔil•ucid go=now DIST side•mouth
saʔkʷ Sauk
‘Now comes the Sauk River (area).’ 1200 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ, x̌ʷadᶻabac, sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ, dadəč’ulqi[d], xʷqəlbucid ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ
‘Now comes p’əlk’ʷaličtuʔ.’ 1201 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1202 x̌ʷadᶻabac, sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ, dadəč’ulqi[d], xʷqəlbucid x̌ʷadᶻabac x̌ʷadᶻabac
sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ sək’ʷabadᶻalgʷiɬ
dadəč’ulqid dadəč’ulqid
xʷqəlbucid Cascade.River
SSP: ‘x̌ʷadᶻabac, sək’ʷəbadᶻəlgʷiɬ, dadč’ulqid, Cascade River.’ 1203 diɬ ləʔux̌ʷəxʷ tul’q’ixʷ diɬ
lə=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ
tul’–q’ixʷ
FOC
PROG=go=now
CNTRFG–upstream
‘That is going upriver now.’ 1204 diɬəxʷ x̌ʷul’əxʷ šabš diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
x̌ʷul’=axʷ just=now
šabš šabš
‘It is just šabš.’ 18 1205 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə dxʷədᶻəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DIST
dxʷhədᶻəb dxʷhədᶻəb
‘Now comes dxʷhədᶻəb.’ 18
It is not certain that this is a reference to a place name.
198
Star Child
1206 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DISTs
‘Then comes ...’ 1207 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1208 stkʷab ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DIST
stkʷab Falls
SSP: ‘… the Falls.’ 1209 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə go=now DIST
gʷəsəxʷ ??
swatixʷtəd country
‘Now comes ...’ 1210 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ The next line spoken by Mrs. Peter is indistinct. 1211 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1212 qa kʷədiʔ yədwas ʔal tiʔiɬ stkʷab qa kʷədiʔ lots REM.DMA
yədwas ʔal heart at
tiʔiɬ DIST
stkʷab stkʷab
SSP: ‘There are lots of hearts at the Falls.’
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
199
1213 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬə ƛ’udcuuc ʔacʔaciɬta[l]bixʷəɬ sdaʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬə ƛ’u=d=s=cuu–c ʔac–ʔaciɬtalbixʷ–aɬ go=now DIST HAB=1SG.PO=NM=say–ALTV DSTR–people–INCRP
sdaʔ name
‘Then there are those that I give human(-sounding) names to.’ 1214 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’ 1215 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ
SSP: ‘There is xʷq’aɬəlc’əʔ.’ 1216 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ xʷq’ʷastəd ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ DIST go=now
xʷq’ʷastəd xʷq’ʷastəd
‘Then comes xʷq’ʷastəd.’ 1217 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔalatəbqi[d] ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ DIST go=now
ʔalatəbqid ʔalatəbqid
‘Then ʔalatəbqid.’ 1218 ʔiɬq’iˑxʷəxʷ, q’ixʷbidəxʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ stkʷab ti lədaʔdup čəd ʔiɬ•q’ixʷ=axʷ q’ixʷ–bid=axʷ ʔə kʷədiʔ stkʷab ti located•upstream=now upstream–RLNL=now PR REM.DMA stkʷab SPEC lə=daʔa•dup PROG=name•COLL
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘Upriver now, above the Falls, is what I am naming off.’ 1219 həbuʔ həbuʔ haboo
AS: ‘Haboo.’
200
Star Child
1220 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ kʷədiʔ gʷəɬ tubšədə[d] ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ kʷədiʔ go=now REM.DMA
gʷəɬ
tubšədad Sahaptin
ASSC
SSP: ‘Now comes that belonging to the Sahaptin.’ 1221 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ x̌ačx̌ačuʔ, q’ʷuʔq’ʷuʔ x̌ačuʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
x̌ač–x̌ačuʔ DSTR–lake
q’ʷuʔ–q’ʷuʔ x̌ačuʔ DSTR–gather lake
‘Now come the lakes, there are many lakes.’ 1222 diɬəxʷ gʷəɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔiɬsp’ic’ikʷs sdaʔadsəxʷ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd diɬ=axʷ
gʷəɬ=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
ʔiɬ–sp’ic’ikʷs
s=daʔa–t=s=axʷ
FOC=now
ASSC=now
PROX
PRTV–Diaper.Child
NM=name–ICS=3PO=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd country
‘These were the names that Diaper Child (and his brother) give to the land.’ 1223 cutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ cut=axʷ əlgʷəʔ say=now PL
‘They say,’ 1224 ɬudiɬgʷas kʷi liˑl, ɬudiɬgʷas kʷi liˑl, ɬudiɬgʷas sdaʔs tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=diɬ•gʷas IRR=FOC•pair tiʔəʔ PROX
kʷi REM
lil far
ɬu=diɬ•gʷas kʷi IRR=FOC•pair REM
lil ɬu=diɬ•gʷas sdaʔ–s far IRR=FOC•pair name–3PO
swatixʷtəd country
‘ “Areas from far away will have the same name, other areas will give the same name to their lands.’ 1225 tiʔiɬ dəxʷʔas tiʔiɬə slux̌ ʔal tiʔiɬ stuləgʷabš tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=ʔa=s DIST ADNM=be.there=3PO
tiʔiɬə slux̌ slux̌
DIST
ʔal at
‘ “There is another slux̌ at Stillaguamish.’
tiʔiɬ DIST
stuləgʷabš Stillaguamish
gʷəqʷulc’əʔ Susie Sampson Peter
201
1226 ʔa tiʔiɬ xʷadᶻaʔəb ʔa be.there
tiʔiɬ DIST
xʷadᶻaʔəb xʷadᶻaʔəb
‘ “There is xʷadᶻaʔəb,’ 1227 diɬ, diɬdiɬgʷas diɬ
diɬ–diɬ•gʷas
FOC
DSTR–FOC•pair
‘ “It has another place named the same.’ 1228 biɬaʔəb biɬaʔ–b have.more.than.enough–MD
‘ “It has more than enough.” ’ 1229 diɬ šac’səxʷ diɬ
s=šac’=s=axʷ
FOC
NM=end=3PO=now
‘That is the end now.’ 1230 diɬ šac’s huy diɬ
s=šac’=s
FOC
NM=end=3PO
AS: ‘That is the end.’
huyu made
2 Dora Solomon c. 1892–1981
Dora Solomon. Photo from the Lushootseed Research Archives.
Dora Solomon was Upper Skagit but lived at Lummi most of her life. She had many children and her husband, Felix Solomon, was remembered by Vi Hilbert as a good provider who always had saltwater fish, clams, and crabs on hand to share with guests. Mrs. Solomon was known as a historian and in her final years she worked eagerly with Vi to record the stories that she knew. Sadly, Mrs. Solomon passed away before this work could be completed.
Biographical material drawn from an interview with Vi Hilbert by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).
204
Star Child
Star Child
as told by Dora Solomon1
1
ʔiɬudaʔad tiʔiɬ sdaʔ cisxʷixʷt’il ʔiɬ–ʔu–daʔa–d PRTV–PFV–named–ICS
tiʔiɬ DIST
sdaʔ name
cisxʷixʷt’il Cisxwixwt’il
‘They gave only her the name Cisxwixwt’il.’ 2 2
gʷəl tul’ʔal kʷi dᶻixʷ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tuhuy ʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd, kʷsi tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq gʷəl
tul’–ʔal
kʷi
SCONJ
CNTRFG–at
REM
swatixʷtəd country
dᶻixʷ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tu=huyu ʔal tiʔəʔ first people PAST=made at PROX
kʷsi
tu=xʷit’il–t–sut
tul’–šq
REM:FEM
PAST=descend–ICS–REFL
CNTRFG–high
‘And she who came down from above is where the people who made this country (are descended) from.’ 3
ʔiɬčəx̌ syəyəhub kʷi səshuys ʔiɬ–čəx̌ PRTV–split
syəyəhub legend
kʷi REM
s=ʔas–huyu=s NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘The legend has two parts.’ 4
sk’ʷuy ʔə sɬukʷalb, tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il sk’ʷuy ʔə mother PR
sɬukʷalb moon
tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il PROX:FEM Cisxwixwt’il
‘Cisxwixwt’il is the mother of Moon.’ 5
tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tul’–šq PAST=descend–ICS–REFL CNTRFG–high
‘She came down from above.’
1
2
Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert with Dora Solomon, a speaker of the Skagit dialect, at Lummi, 25 August 1976; transcribed by Vi Hilbert and further redacted by Thom Hess. The name cisxʷixʷt’il comes from tsi sxʷixʷt’il ‘she who comes down (xʷt’il ‘descend’)’.
Dora Solomon
6
205
ƛ’utusəsxʷʔahəb k’ʷəɬ kʷi gʷəsuyəyəhubitid tiʔiɬə ƛ’u=tu=s=ʔas–dxʷ–ʔa–ab HAB=PAST=NM=STAT–CTD–be.there–DSD
k’ʷəɬ
kʷi
QTV
REM
gʷə=s=ʔu–yəyəhub–bi–t–id tiʔiɬə SBJ=NM=PFV–tell.story–MAP–ICS–PASS.SBRD DIST
‘Those that were told this story always wanted to be there.’ 7
You know, that was passed just to family
8
tuyəyəhubid tsi tusk’ʷuy ʔə Martin tu=yəyəhub–bi–t PAST=tell.story–MAP–ICS
tsi
tu=sk’ʷuy
SPEC:FEM
PAST=mother
ʔə PR
Martin Martin
Vi Hilbert: ‘It was told to Martin (Sampson) by his mother (Susie Sampson Peter).’ 9
Dora Solomon: Yeah, she knows it, I guess
10
ʔəsx̌aləxʷ ʔas–x̌ala=axʷ STAT–written=now
VH: ‘It is written down.’ 11
DS: Yeah, she knows it, I guess
12
tux̌aladəxʷ čəd tu=x̌ala–t=axʷ čəd PAST=written–ICS=now 1SG.SUB
VH: ‘I wrote it down.’ 13
Yeah, I know that story too, that kʷi tushuyutidəxʷ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔə tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb Yeah I know that story too yes I know that story too
that kʷi that REM
tu=s=huyu–t–id=axʷ PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS.SBRD=now sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
ʔi
tiʔəʔ
CONJ
PROX
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd country
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
sɬukʷalb moon
DS: ‘Yeah, I know that story too, that one about (when) the world is made by Star Child and the Moon.’
206
14
Star Child
haʔɬ syəyəhub tiʔiɬ haʔɬ good
syəyəhub legend
tiʔiɬ DIST
VH: ‘That’s a good story.’ 15
DS: That’s a good story I could tell you, that’s the history of Indians, that’s the beginning of the Indian
16
tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ ləcudaʔatəb cisxʷixʷt’il tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
cədiɬ s/he
ləcu–daʔa–t–b CONT–named–ICS–PASS
cisxʷixʷt’il Cisxwixwt’il
‘She is the one who was called Cisxwixwt’il.’ 17
tuxʷit’ilcut tul’šəq tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tul’–šq PAST=descend–ICS–REFL CNTRFG–high
‘She lowered herself from above.’ 18
She was here
19
tudᶻixʷ tushuys tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd tu=dᶻixʷ PAST=first
tu=s=huyu=s PAST=NM=made=3PO
tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX country
‘This world was first created.’ 20
gʷəl tuskʷədab ʔə tiʔiɬ čusəd, him and his sister gʷəl
tu=s=kʷəda–b
SCONJ
PAST=NM=taken–MD
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘And the stars took them.’ 21
tuʔux̌ʷtub dxʷšəq əlgʷəʔ tu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b PAST=go–ECS–PASS
dxʷ–šq
əlgʷəʔ
CNTRPT–high
PL
‘They were taken up above.’
čusəd star
him and him and
his sister his sister
Dora Solomon
22
207
ƛ’uč’aʔədəxʷ kʷi skʷiʔxʷ ƛ’u=č’aʔ–t=axʷ HAB=dug.up–ICS=now
kʷi REM
skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root
‘They would dig for bracken fern roots.’ 23
gʷəl ƛ’ux̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəb ʔə tiʔiɬ sč’isč’istxʷs gʷəl
ƛ’u=x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b
SCONJ
HAB=DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
sč’is–č’istxʷ–s
DIST
DSTR–husband–3PO
‘And they were warned by their husbands,’ 24
Don’t follow that, ɬut’q’ʷas tiʔiɬə don’t don’t
follow that follow that
ɬu=t’q’ʷ=as
tiʔiɬə
IRR=snapped=3SBRD DIST
‘ “Don’t follow those roots if they break off!’ 25
xʷiʔ kʷ(i) sčaladləp xʷiʔ
kʷi
s=čala–t=lap
NEG
REM
NM=chased–ICS=2PL.PO
‘ “Don’t follow them!” ’ 26
gʷəl ƛ’ucuucəxʷ tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl
ƛ’u=cut–c=axʷ
tsiʔiɬ
SCONJ
HAB=say–ALTV=now
DIST:FEM
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘And she would say to her younger sister,’ 27
Well, stab haw’əʔ kʷi dəxʷsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəb čəɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ sč’isč’istxʷ čəɬ gʷəč’aʔədəɬi tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ ɬut’q’ʷas well well
stab what
haw’əʔ kʷi dəxʷ=sx̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b čəɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ REM ADNM=DSTR–forbidden–ICS–PASS 1PL.PO PR DIST
PTCL
sč’is–č’istxʷ čəɬ gʷə=č’aʔ–t=aɬi tiʔəʔ DSTR–husband 1PL.PO SBJ=dug.up–ICS=1PL.SBRD PROX
skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root
ɬu=t’q’ʷ=as IRR=snapped=3SBRD
‘ “Well, why are we forbidden by our husbands to dig roots if they break off?’
208
28
Star Child
ɬuč’aʔəd čəd tiʔəʔ dskʷiʔxʷ čəda ɬušuuc ɬu=č’aʔ–t čəd tiʔəʔ d–skʷiʔxʷ čəda IRR=dug.up–ICS 1SG.SUB PROX 1SG.PO–bracken.fern.root 1SG.COORD ɬu=šuɬ–c IRR=see–ALTV
‘ “I’m going to dig up my root and look at it.’ 29
ɬuʔəx̌id kʷi ɬushuys tiʔəʔ skʷiʔxʷ ɬu=ʔəx̌id kʷi ɬu=s=huyu=s tiʔəʔ IRR=what.happen REM IRR=NM=made=3PO PROX
skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root
‘ “How will this root be?” ’ 30
t’əq’ʷ t’q’ʷu snapped
‘It broke.’ 31
gʷəl tuč’aˑʔəd gʷəl
tu=č’aʔ–t
SCONJ
PAST=dug.up–ICS
‘And she dug it up.’ 32
diˑʔɬəxʷ tiʔiɬ sʔux̌ʷs, [s]pixʷils diʔɬ=axʷ suddenly=now
tiʔiɬ
s=ʔux̌ʷ=s
s=pixʷ–il=s
DIST
NM=go=3PO
NM=fallen.off–INCH=3PO
‘Suddenly, it goes, it falls.’ 33
puˑt ʔupipič’icut tiʔəʔ little stars ʔə tiʔiɬ spixʷils tiʔəʔ put ʔu–pipič’icut tiʔəʔ little really PFV–make.shower.of.light PROX little s=pixʷ–il=s NM=fallen.off–INCH=3PO
stars stars
ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘The little stars make a great shower of light as they fell.’
Dora Solomon
34
209
k’ʷilidəxʷ k’ʷili–d=axʷ peer–ICS=now
‘She peers (down the hole she has made).’ 35
šuucəxʷ šuɬ–c=axʷ see–ALTV=now
‘She looks.’ 36
gʷiidəxʷ tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷi–t=axʷ tsiʔiɬ invite–ICS=now DIST:FEM
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘She calls to her younger sister,’ 37
ʔəƛ’a, šuuc ʔəƛ’a come.to
šuɬ–c see–ALTV
‘ “Come here! Look at it!’ 38
tudiʔ gʷəd, diɬ dəxʷtul’ʔa čəɬ tudiʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd tudiʔ gʷəd DIST.DMA down
diɬ
dəxʷ=tul’–ʔa
FOC
ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there
čəɬ tudiʔ gʷəd 1PL.PO DIST.DMA down
swatixʷtəd country
‘ “Way down – that is where we are from, that world way down (there).’ 39
ɬuʔux̌ʷ čəd [čəda] ɬubəlkʷ ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=go
čəd 1SG.SUB
čəda 1SG.COORD
ɬu=bəlkʷ IRR=return
‘ “I’m going to go, I’m going to go back.’ 40
ɬukʷaxʷac čəxʷ ɬu=kʷaxʷa–t–s čəxʷ IRR=help–ICS–1SG.OBJ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You will help me.’
210
41
Star Child
ɬuqiʔixʷ čəɬ ɬu=qiʔixʷ IRR=make.rope
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We will make a rope out of it.” ’ 42
You know that cedar limb
43
ɬuqiʔixʷ čəɬ ɬu=qiʔixʷ IRR=make.rope
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We will make a rope out of it.” ’ 44
tukʷədadəxʷ tiʔiɬə əlgʷəʔ tu=kʷəda–t PAST=taken–ICS
tiʔiɬə əlgʷəʔ DIST
PL
‘They took it.’ 45
gʷəl tuqiʔqʷədaˑxʷ gʷəl
tu=qiʔqʷəd=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=braid=now
‘And they made it into rope.’ 46
tupukʷəbəd tu=pukʷəb–t PAST=piled.up–ICS
‘They piled it up.’ 47
taspukʷəbəxʷ tu=ʔas–pukʷəb=axʷ PAST=STAT–piled.up=now
‘It was in a pile.’ 48
gʷəl tucuuc tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl
tu=cut–c
SCONJ
PAST=say–ALTV
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘And she said to her younger sister,’
Dora Solomon
49
211
haʔɬ siʔəxʷ kʷədaʔ ƛ’ub tiʔəʔ gʷəɬaʔəd dxʷgʷəd haʔɬ good
siʔ=axʷ kʷədaʔ here=now PTCL
ƛ’ub well
tiʔəʔ
gʷə=ɬaʔ–t
dxʷ–gʷəd
PROX
SBJ=arrive–ICS
CNTRPT–down
‘ “It would be better to go down here.’ 50
kʷaxʷacəxʷ kʷaxʷa–t–s=axʷ help–ICS–1SG.OBJ=now
‘ “Help me!’ 51
ɬux̌əqcut čəd čxʷa ɬukʷaʔəc ɬu=x̌q–t–sut IRR=wrapped–ICS–REFL
čəd 1SG.SUB
čxʷa 2SG.COORD
ɬu=kʷaʔ–t–s IRR=released–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “I’ll wrap it around me and you let me go.” ’ 52
x̌əqcutəxʷ x̌q–t–sut=axʷ wrapped–ICS–REFL=now
‘She wraps it around herself.’ 53
huy, tuʔəƛ’axʷ huy SCONJ
tu=ʔəƛ’a=axʷ PAST=come.to=now
‘So she came here.’ 54
tupixʷilcut tu=pixʷ–il–t–sut PAST=fallen–INCH–ICS–REFL
‘She came down.’ 55
cuucəxʷ tsiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘She said to her younger sister,’
212
56
Star Child
hiwil čəd ɬuɬaʔ dxʷʔal tudiʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd čəda ɬutx̌ʷud tiʔəʔ x̌ʷiləb ʔə kʷi buusaɬ čxʷa ɬukʷaʔəd hiwil go.ahead
čəd ɬu=ɬaʔ dxʷ–ʔal tudiʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd 1SG.SUB IRR=arrive CNTRPT–at DIST.DMA down country
čəda ɬu=tx̌ʷu–t 1SG.COORD IRR=pull–ICS čxʷa 2SG.COORD
tiʔəʔ PROX
x̌ʷiləb ʔə kʷi rope PR REM
buus•aɬ four•CLS
ɬu=kʷaʔ–t IRR=released–ICS
‘ “I’ll go ahead and arrive at that country, I will pull on the thread four times and you will release it.” ’ 57
hay, ɬaʔəxʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd hay SCONJ
ɬaʔ=axʷ arrive=now
dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRPT–at PROX
swatixʷtəd country
‘So she comes to the land.’ 58
tutx̌ʷudəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ buusaɬ tu=tx̌ʷu–t=axʷ tiʔiɬ ʔə PAST=pull–ICS=now DIST PR
‘She pulled four times.’ 59
gʷəl tuqadacut gʷəl SCONJ
tu=qada–t–sut PAST=back.up–ICS–REFL
‘And she backed up.’ 60
tuwačəd tu=wač–t PAST=watch–ICS
‘She watched.’ 61
šuuc šuɬ–c see–ALTV
‘She looks at (her sister).’
tiʔiɬ buus•aɬ DIST four•CLS
Dora Solomon
62
213
ləpukʷəb tiʔiɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔəƛ’saxʷ, spixʷilsəxʷ tiʔiɬ dəxʷx̌ʷilbs … lə=pukʷəb tiʔiɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ PROG=piled.up DIST PR DIST
s=ʔəƛ’=s=axʷ NM=come=3PO=now
s=pixʷ–il=s=axʷ tiʔiɬ NM=fallen–INCH=3PO=now DIST
dəxʷ=x̌ʷilb=s NM=thread=3PO
‘It is piling up as she is coming down on the thread.’ 63
stab əw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’usdaʔati tiʔiɬə stab what
əw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=s=daʔa–t–id DIST HAB=NM=named–ICS–PASS.SBRD
PTCL
tiʔiɬə DIST
‘What was that called?’ 64
stidgʷəd stidgʷəd cedar.withes
VH: ‘Cedar withes.’ 65
DS: Ah?
66
stidgʷəd stidgʷəd cedar.withes
VH: ‘Cedar withes.’ 67
… tul’ʔal stidgʷəd, you know, tusčəɬs əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷiləb tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at
stidgʷəd you cedar.withes you
know know
tu=s=čəɬ=s PAST=NM=make=3PO
əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷiləb rope
PL
DS: ‘... out of cedar withes, you know, what they make rope out of.’ 68
ləpukʷəbəd ləʔistaʔb ʔə tiʔəʔ lə=pukʷəb–t lə=ʔistaʔ–b ʔə PROG=piled.up–ICS PROG=be.like–MD PR
‘She is piling it up like that.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
214
69
Star Child
gʷəl tililəb ləhuyil č’ƛ’aʔ gʷəl
til–iləb
lə=huyu–il
SCONJ
INTNS–immediately
PROG=made–INCH
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
‘And suddenly it is becoming stone.’ 70
gʷəl ʔal tudiʔ ʔal kʷsi little creek t’aq’tylus ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔal Clear Lake gʷəl
ʔal tudiʔ ʔal kʷsi little creek t’aq’t•y•alus ʔə tiʔəʔ at DIST.DMA at REM:FEM little creek inland•CNN•eye PR PROX
SCONJ
ʔal at
Clear Clear
Lake Lake
‘And it is there at the little creek at the upper end of Clear Lake there.’ 71
ʔa tsiʔiɬ č’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷiləb ʔa be.there
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
x̌ʷiləb rope
‘There is the stone rope.’ 72
diɬ dəxʷʔas kʷi tudəxʷbəčs ʔal kʷi tudəxʷpixilcuts diɬ
dəxʷ=ʔa=s
kʷi
tu=dəxʷ=bəča=s
FOC
ADNM=be.there=3PO
REM
PAST=ADNM=fall=3PO
ʔal kʷi at REM
tu=dəxʷ=pix–il–t–sut=s PAST=ADNM=fallen.off–INCH–ICS–REFL=3PO
‘There is where she landed when she got herself down.’ 73
gʷəl tasdᶻidᶻihiʔəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bədaʔsəxʷ, sɬukʷalb gʷəl
tu=ʔas–dᶻidᶻihiʔ=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=STAT–pregnant=now
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
bədaʔ–s=axʷ sɬukʷalb offspring–3PO=now moon
‘And she was pregnant with her son, Moon.’ 74
tuɬaʔəxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ gʷəd swatixʷtəd tu=ɬaʔ=axʷ ʔal PAST=arrive=now at
tiʔəʔ PROX
gʷəd down
‘She arrived in the lower world.’
swatixʷtəd country
Dora Solomon
75
215
gʷəl tunobody to talk to gʷəl
tu=nobody
SCONJ
PAST=nobody
to to
talk talk
to to
‘There was nobody to talk to.’ 76
tucuucəxʷ tsiʔiɬ in her own tu=cut–c=axʷ tsiʔiɬ PAST=say–ALTV=now DIST:FEM
in in
her own her own
‘To speak to her in her own (language).’ 77
gʷatəxʷ kʷi ɬudsʔiɬugʷadadgʷad gʷat=axʷ who=now
kʷi
ɬu=d=s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad
REM
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk
‘ “Who will I converse with?’ 78
gʷatəxʷ kʷi ɬudsq’ʷuʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ gʷat=axʷ kʷi who=now REM
ɬu=d=s=q’ʷuʔ IRR=1SG.PO=NM=gathered
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘ “Who will I get together with here?’ 79
xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷədiʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
gʷat who
gʷə=diʔəʔ SBJ=here
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘ “There is no one here in this place.” ’ 80
ʔəskiis ʔas–kiis STAT–stand
‘She is standing there.’ 81
diʔɬ kʷi sgʷəgʷaʔtubs ʔə kʷədiʔ ʔugʷəgʷaʔtxʷ diʔɬ kʷi suddenly REM
s=gʷə–gʷaʔ–txʷ–b=s NM=ATTN–accompanied–ECS–PASS=3PO
ʔə kʷədiʔ PR REM.DMA
ʔu–gʷə–gʷaʔ–txʷ PFV–ATTN–accompany–ECS
‘Suddenly she is joined by the one who accompanied her.’
216
82
Star Child
ʔibəš čxʷa gʷəč’əd kʷi luˑƛ’ p’q’ac qʷəɬayʔ čxʷa q’pud ʔibəš čxʷa gʷəč’–t kʷi luƛ’ p’q’ac qʷəɬayʔ čxʷa travel 2SG.COORD search–ICS REM old rotten.wood stick 2SG.COORD q’pu–t gathered–ICS
‘ “Go and look for old rotten logs and gather them up!’ 83
pukʷəbəd čxʷa dᶻubud pukʷəb–t piled.up–ICS
čxʷa dᶻubu–t 2SG.COORD kick–ICS
‘ “Pile it up and kick it!’ 84
buusaɬ kʷ(i) adsdᶻubud buus•aɬ four•CLS
kʷi
ad=s=dᶻubu–t 2SG.PO=NM=kick–ICS
REM
‘ “Kick it four times!’ 85
buusaɬ kʷ(i) adsdᶻubud buus•aɬ four•CLS
kʷi REM
ad=s=dᶻubu–t 2SG.PO=NM=kick–ICS
‘ “Kick it four times!” ’ 86
haw’ haw’ INTJ
‘So now.’ 87
dᶻubud dəxʷʔa t’x̌abid dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there
t’x̌abid step.over
‘She kicks it there where she steps over it.’ 88
gʷəl t’x̌abid gʷəl SCONJ
t’x̌abid step.over
‘And she steps over it.’
Dora Solomon
89
217
dᶻubud gʷəl t’x̌abid dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
gʷəl SCONJ
t’x̌abid step.over
‘She kicks it and steps over it.’ 90
dᶻubud gʷəl t’x̌abid dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
gʷəl SCONJ
t’x̌abid step.over
‘She kicks it and steps over it.’ 91
buusaɬ buus•aɬ four•CLS
‘Four times.’ 92
tiˑləb ʔugʷədil tiləb immediately
ʔu–gʷəd–il PFV–down–INCH
‘Right away, it sits up.’ 93
luˑƛ’ ʔaciɬtabixʷ luƛ’ old
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘It is an old person.’ 94
luƛ’ sɬadəyʔ luƛ’ old
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘It is an old lady.’ 95
cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s
DIST
NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO
‘She is spoken to by the one who converses with her.’
218
96
Star Child
xʷiʔ gʷəsəsaydxʷs čad tiʔiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO
čad where
tiʔiɬ DIST
s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO
‘She does not know where the one who conversed with her is.’ 97
The Great Spirit
98
diɬ ɬadʔaladᶻɬəd ʔal kʷi ɬadbədaʔ diɬ
ɬu=ad=s=ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ–t
FOC
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=care.for•child–ICS
ʔal kʷi ɬu=ad–bədaʔ at REM IRR=2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “This is the one who will care for your child.’ 99
ɬux̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔəd čəxʷ ɬu=x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t čəxʷ IRR=DSTR–taboo–ICS 2SG.SUB
‘ “You will forbid her.’ 100 xʷiʔ kʷi suǰəctxʷs kʷi gʷəɬ [stubš] saʔliʔɬ xʷiʔ kʷi
s=ʔu–ǰəc–txʷ=s
kʷi
gʷəɬ
NEG
NM=PFV–useful–ECS=3PO
REM
ASSC
REM
stubš s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ man NM=good•child
‘ “She will not use man’s speech to soothe the child.’ 101 x̌ʷul’ gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ saʔliʔɬ kʷi ɬusuhaʔliʔɬs x̌ʷul’ gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ only ASSC woman NM=good•child
kʷi
ɬu=s=ʔu–haʔɬ•iʔɬ=s
REM
IRR=NM=PFV–good•child=3PO
‘ “She will only use woman’s speech to soothe the child.’ 102 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsaʔliʔɬ ʔə kʷi gʷəɬ stubš xʷiʔ kʷi NEG
REM
ad=s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ 2SG.PO=NM=good•child
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
gʷəɬ stubš man
ASSC
‘ “You will not soothe the child as a male.” ’ 103 yəx̌i kʷi tuhaʔkʷ tuʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ saʔliʔɬ gʷəsɬadəyʔəs kʷ(i) adbədaʔ yəx̌i kʷi tu=haʔkʷ tu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ sɬadəyʔ because REM PAST=long.time PAST=people be.there REM ASSC woman
Dora Solomon
219
s–haʔɬ•iʔɬ NP–good•child
gʷə=sɬadəyʔ=as SBJ=woman=3SBRD
kʷi REM
ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
‘Because long ago the people had female soothing if the child was a female.’ 104 gʷəl ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ stubš saʔliʔɬ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔa kʷi gʷəɬ stubš be.there REM ASSC man
s–haʔɬ•iʔɬ NP–good•child
‘And there was soothing for a male.’ 105 diɬəxʷ tusx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəbs ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads diɬ=axʷ tu=s=x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b=s ʔə tiʔiɬ FOC=now PAST=NM=DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS=3PO PR DIST s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO
‘Thus she was forbidden by the one who conversed with her.’ 106 hay, x̌ʷul’əxʷ tuʔaɬ kʷi tusuluƛ’ils tiʔiɬ bədaʔs hay SCONJ
x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
tu=ʔaɬ
kʷi
tu=s=ʔu–luƛ’–il=s
PAST=fast
REM
PAST=NM=PFV–old–INCH=3PO
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
‘So, her child grew up quickly,’ 107 diɬ kʷi sgʷəšəbads diɬ
kʷi
s=gʷəšəbad=s
FOC
REM
NM=disappear=3PO
‘It is thus that he disappears.’ 108 tuhilitəb ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ sʔiɬugʷadadgʷads tu=hili–t–b ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ PAST=command–ICS–PASS PR DIST s/he s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad=s NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=3PO
‘She was commanded by the one who conversed with her.’
220
Star Child
109 huyud kʷ(i) adx̌ʷaqʷabac čxʷa ʔəsx̌ʷaqʷabac ɬugʷəč’aʔəbəxʷ ʔə kʷi skʷiʔxʷ huyu–t kʷi ad–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac čxʷa ʔas–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac made–ICS REM 2SG.PO–bound•body 2SG.COORD STAT–bound•body ɬu=gʷəč’aʔ–b=axʷ ʔə kʷi skʷiʔxʷ IRR=try.to.find–CSMD=now PR REM bracken.fern.root
‘ “Make your belt and wrap it around your waist and try to find bracken fern!” ’ 110 huyudəxʷ tiʔəʔ x̌ʷaqʷabacs huyu–t=axʷ made–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
x̌ʷaqʷ•abac–s bound•body–3PO
‘She makes her belt.’ 111 gʷəl tasx̌ʷaqʷabac gʷəl
tu=ʔas–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac
SCONJ
PAST=STAT–bound•body
‘She wrapped it around her waist.’ 112 cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST
‘She is told by him,’ 113 yəw’il gʷət’əq’ʷ tiʔiɬ adx̌ʷaqʷabac yəw’il gʷə=t’q’ʷu tiʔiɬ if SBJ=snap.in.two DIST
ad–x̌ʷaqʷ•abac 2SG.PO–bound•body
‘ “If your belt snaps in two,’ 114 gʷəl diɬ sʔa kʷi ɬusʔəx̌id ʔə tiʔiɬ adbədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ
diɬ s=ʔa kʷi ɬu=s=ʔəx̌id ʔə tiʔiɬ NM=be.there REM IRR=NM=what.happened PR DIST
FOC
ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “And what will happen to your son will have happened.’
Dora Solomon
221
115 ɬut’alx̌ʷəb tiʔiɬ adbədaʔ ɬu=t’alx̌ʷ–b IRR=drop.baby–MD
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad–bədaʔ 2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “Your son will be lost.” ’ 116 diʔɬ tiʔiɬ st’əq’ʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ x̌ʷaqʷabacəds diʔɬ tiʔiɬ s=t’q’ʷu ʔə suddenly DIST NM=snapped PR
tiʔiɬ
s=x̌ʷaqʷ•abac–t=s
DIST
NM=bound•body–ICS=3PO
‘Suddenly what she has wrapped about her waist snaps.’ 117 tililəb ʔuʔux̌ʷ til–iləb INTNS–immediately
ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go
‘Right away she goes.’ 118 təlawil təlawil jump
‘She runs.’ 119 ʔuʔux̌ʷ u–ʔux̌ʷ PFV–go
‘She goes.’ 120 ʔušuuc tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ ʔəsʔaladᶻɬ ʔə tiʔiɬ bədaʔs ʔu–šuɬ–c tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ PFV–see–ALTV DIST:FEM old
ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ STAT–care.for•child
ʔə tiʔiɬ bədaʔ–s PR DIST offspring–3PO
‘She sees the old woman who is babysitting her child.’ 121 xʷiʔəxʷ tiʔiɬ sqaqagʷəɬ, baby xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
sqaqagʷəɬ young.noble
‘The child is not there.’
baby baby
222
Star Child
122 gʷəl ƛ’uləgʷax̌ʷ tiʔəʔ bəbuʔs sɬəɬadəyʔ tul’ʔal kʷi sʔaɬx̌adax̌ad gʷəl
ƛ’u=lə=gʷax̌ʷ
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
HAB=PROG=walk
PROX
bəbuʔs sɬə–ɬadəyʔ tul’–ʔal four:HMN PL–woman CNTRFG–at
kʷi REM
s=ʔaɬx̌ad•ax̌ad NM=downstream•side
‘So then these four women from downstream had been walking by.’ 123 ləgʷəč’əb ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ lə=gʷəč’–b PROG=search–CSMD
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘They are looking for people.’ 124 yəx̌i tux̌alaʔ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal kʷi dᶻixʷ tushuys tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd yəx̌i tu=x̌alaʔ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ because PAST=scarce REM people tu=s=huyu=s
tiʔəʔ
PAST=NM=made=3PO
PROX
ʔal kʷi dᶻixʷ at REM first
swatixʷtəd country
‘Because people were scarce when the land was first made.’ 125 gʷəgʷadədəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬt’isuʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ’uləgʷax̌ʷ gʷəgʷadəd=axʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬ–t’isuʔ ʔə reply=now PROX:FEM PRTV–younger PR
tiʔəʔ
ƛ’u=lə=gʷax̌ʷ
PROX
HAB=PROG=walk
‘She replied to the younger women as they go by.’ 126 ƛ’ušuuc əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ ƛ’u=šuɬ–c HAB=see–ALTV
əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ PL DIST:FEM old
‘They look over the old woman.’ 127 gʷəl ƛ’uwiliq’ʷid gʷəl
ƛ’u=wiliq’ʷi–t
SCONJ
HAB=ask–ICS
‘They questioned her.’
Dora Solomon
223
128 stab tiʔiɬ adsəskʷədiʔɬ stab what
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad=s=ʔas–kʷəd•iʔɬ 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–taken•child
‘ “What is that child you are holding?’ 129 sɬadəyʔ, sɬadəyʔ sɬadəyʔ woman
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘ “Woman, woman.’ 130 kʷaʔ stubš tiʔiɬ kʷaʔ stubš tiʔiɬ PTCL man DIST
‘ “Perhaps it is a boy?” ’ 131 gʷəl tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬt’isuʔ gʷəl ƛ’uləqdxʷ tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ gʷəl
tsiʔəʔ
ʔiɬ–t’isuʔ
SCONJ
PROX:FEM
PRTV–younger SCONJ
gʷəl
ƛ’u=ləq–dxʷ
tsiʔiɬ
HAB=listen–DC
DIST:FEM
luƛ’ old
‘As for the younger one, she had overheard the old woman.’ 132 gʷəɬ [stubš] saʔliʔɬ tiʔiɬ ƛ’usaʔliʔɬs gʷəɬ ASSC
stubš man
s–haʔɬ•iʔɬ
tiʔiɬ
ƛ’u=s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ=s
NP–good•child
DIST
HAB=NM=good•child=3PO
‘The way she was soothing the child was the way male children are soothed.’ 133 cuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ [dxʷ]sqatəds cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
dxʷsqatəd–s older.sibling–3PO
‘She says to her older sister,’ 134 ʔəx̌id həw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’udəxʷuǰəctxʷs tiʔiɬ gʷəɬ stubš saʔliʔɬ ʔəx̌id həw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’u=dəxʷ=ʔu–ǰəc–txʷ=s tiʔiɬ gʷəɬ stubš what.happen PTCL DIST HAB=ADNM=PFV–useful–ECS=3PO DIST ASSC man s=haʔɬ•iʔɬ NM=good•child
‘ “Why is she soothing it like a male child?” ’
224
Star Child
135 gʷəl ləcucut gʷəl
lə=cut–cut
SCONJ
PROG=DSTR–say
‘And she is saying,’ 136 stubš tiʔiɬ suhaʔliʔɬs stubš tiʔiɬ man DIST
s=ʔu–haʔɬ•iʔɬ=s NM=PFV–good•child=3PO
‘ “The one she is soothing is a boy.” ’ 137 huy ʔux̌ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then she goes.’ 138 gʷəl šuucəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl SCONJ
šuɬ–c–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ see–ALTV–PASS=now DIST
‘And she looks at him.’ 139 haydxʷ əlgʷəʔ stubš tiʔiɬ luƛ’ hay–dxʷ known–DC
əlgʷəʔ stubš man
PL
tiʔiɬ DIST
luƛ’ old
‘The older (woman) knows that he is a boy.’ 140 hay ɬik’ʷitəbəxʷ hay SCONJ
ɬik’ʷi–t–b=axʷ hooked–ICS–PASS=now
‘So he is kidnapped.’ 141 ɬik’ʷitəb dxʷʔaɬx̌adax̌ad ɬik’ʷi–t–b hooked–ICS–PASS
dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ax̌ad CNTRPT–downstream•side
‘He is taken downstream.’
Dora Solomon
225
142 t’əq’ʷ tiʔiɬ x̌ʷaqʷabac t’q’ʷu snapped
tiʔiɬ DIST
x̌ʷaqʷ•abac bound•body
‘What is wrapped around her waist broke.’ 143 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷc tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–c go–ALTV
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
luƛ’ old
‘And she goes to the old woman.’ 144 gʷəl wiliq’ʷid gʷəl SCONJ
wiliq’ʷi–t ask–ICS
‘She asks her,’ 145 čadəxʷ t(i) adʔibac čad=axʷ ti where=now SPEC
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “Where is your grandchild?” ’ 146 ʔuˑ, ʔukʷədatəb ʔə tiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔu INTJ
ʔu–kʷəda–t–b ʔə PFV–taken–ICS–PASS PR
tiʔiɬ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
DIST
PL–woman
‘ “Oh, he was taken by the women.’ 147 bəbuʔs ƛ’ugʷax̌ʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ bəbuʔs four:HMN
ƛ’u=gʷax̌ʷ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
HAB=walk
PL–woman
‘ “There were four women walking.’ 148 gʷəč’əb ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəč’–b ʔə search–CSMD PR
kʷi REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “They were looking for people.” ’
226
Star Child
149 x̌iciləxʷ x̌icil=axʷ angry=now
‘She gets angry.’ 150 gʷəl dᶻubud tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ gʷəl SCONJ
dᶻubu–t kick–ICS
tsiʔiɬ
luƛ’ old
DIST:FEM
‘She kicks the old woman.’ 151 tiləb ʔuhuyil p’q’ac tiʔiɬ sdᶻubuds tiləb immediately
ʔu–huyu–il PFV–made–INCH
p’q’ac tiʔiɬ s=dᶻubu–t=s rotten.wood DIST NM=kick–ICS=3PO
‘Right away the one she kicked became rotten wood.’ 152 huy gʷəgʷaʔtubəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ ƛ’ugʷadadgʷatxʷ huy SCONJ
gʷə=gʷaʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ cədiɬ SBJ=accompany–ECS–PASS=now PR DIST s/he
ƛ’u=gʷad–ad–gʷad–txʷ HAB=DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk–ECS
‘Then she is taken by the one who converses with her.’ 153 The Great Spirit 154 ʔuˑ, x̌aʔx̌aʔ tiʔiɬ adshuyud ʔu INTJ
x̌aʔx̌aʔ powers
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad=s=huyu–t 2SG.PO=NM=made–ICS
‘ “Oh, what you have done is taboo.’ 155 Now ɬuləʔatəbədəxʷ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ, baby and all now now
ɬu=lə=ʔatəbəd=axʷ kʷi IRR=PROG=die=now
REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “Now the people will die, baby and all.’
baby and baby and
all all
Dora Solomon
227
156 yəw’il xʷiʔ kʷi tadshuyud yəw’il xʷiʔ if NEG
kʷi
tu=ad=s=huyu–t
REM
PAST=2SG.PO=NM=made–ICS
‘ “If only you hadn’t done it.’ 157 xʷiʔ tsiʔiɬə xʷiʔ
tsiʔiɬə
NEG
DIST:FEM
‘ “Not her.’ 158 gʷəl gʷəƛ’uluƛ’əb kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəl
gʷə=ƛ’u=luƛ’–b
kʷi
SCONJ
SBJ=HAB=old–MD
REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “Then the people would have grown old.’ 159 gʷəl … you destroyed her now gʷəl SCONJ
you you
destroyed destroyed
her her
now now
‘ “And now you destroyed her.’ 160 č’ač’as and old will die now č’ač’as and child and
old old
will will
die die
now now
‘ “The young and old will die now.” ’ 161 Well, tukʷədadəxʷ tiʔiɬ tuscəyikʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ bədaʔs well well
tu=kʷəda–t PAST=taken–ICS
tiʔiɬ tu=scəyikʷ PAST=diaper
DIST
ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST
bədaʔ–s Offspring–3PO
‘Well, she took the diaper of her child.’ 162 gʷəl tuk’ʷit’əxʷ dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ stuləkʷ gʷəl
tu=k’ʷit’=axʷ
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
PAST=shoreward=now
CNTRPT–at
DIST
‘And she went down to the river bank.’
stuləkʷ river
228
Star Child
163 gʷəl tuc’agʷš, you know gʷəl
tu=c’aʔkʷ–š
SCONJ
PAST=washed–ICS
you you
know know
‘And she washed it, you know.’ 164 c’agʷš like that c’aʔkʷ–š like that washed–ICS like that
‘She washes it like that.’ 165 kʷədadəxʷ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
‘She takes it.’ 166 gʷəl tup’ic’idəxʷ gʷəl
tu=p’ic’i–t=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=wrung–ICS=now
‘She wrung it out.’ 167 tiləb ʔugʷəč’iq’əd tiʔiɬ tiləb ʔu–gʷəč’•iq’–d immediately PFV–search•??–ICS
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘Right away, she finds him.’ 168 wiˑʔ, x̌ʷul’əxʷ čəd ɬusp’ic’ikʷ wiʔ x̌ʷul’=axʷ holler only=now
čəd ɬu=sp’ic’ikʷ 1SG.SUB IRR=Diaper.Child
‘She yells, “I will have a diaper child.” ’ 169 That’s sp’ic’ikʷ now that’s that’s
sp’ic’ikʷ now Diaper.Child now
‘That’s Diaper Child now.’
Dora Solomon
229
170 tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl ƛ’ax̌ʷ x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ’usušəqcut ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬukʷaɬ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl ƛ’ax̌ʷ x̌ʷul’ab ʔə tiʔəʔ PROX Diaper.Child SCONJ grow same.way PR PROX ƛ’u=s=ʔu–šq–t–sut HAB=NM=PFV–high–ICS–REFL
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
sɬukʷaɬ sun
‘Diaper Child, he grows up and it seems that he lifts himself up high as the sun.’ 171 yəx̌i tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl diɬ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷaɬ yəx̌i tiʔəʔ because PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
gʷəl
diɬ
SCONJ
FOC
tiʔəʔ sɬukʷaɬ sun
PROX
‘Because Diaper Child is the one who is the sun.’ 172 tucutəxʷ tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuy ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ tu=cut=axʷ tsiʔiɬ PAST=say=now DIST:FEM
sk’ʷuy mother
ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PR Diaper.Child
‘The mother of Diaper Child said,’ 173 xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi ɬudsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔə kʷi skʷiʔxʷ xʷiʔ=axʷ kʷi ɬu=d=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ NEG=now REM IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
skʷiʔxʷ bracken.fern.root
‘ “Now I will not have to gather bracken fern.’ 174 ɬuhuyudəxʷ čəd kʷi ƛ’aʔtəd čəda ɬuʔuxʷiʔxʷiʔəxʷ ʔə kʷi sʔuladxʷ ɬu=huyu–t=axʷ čəd kʷi ƛ’aʔtəd čəda IRR=made–ICS=now 1SG.SUB REM salmon.trap 1SG.COORD ɬu=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ=axʷ IRR=PFV–hunt=now
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
sʔuladxʷ salmon
‘ “I will make a salmon trap now and I will catch salmon.” ’ 175 yəx̌i tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab k’aʔk’aʔk’aʔ, bək’ʷ stab ʔəstagʷəxʷ yəx̌i tiʔəʔ because PROX
bək’ʷ stab all what
k’aʔ–k’aʔk’aʔ bək’ʷ all
DSTR–crow
‘Because all of the Crows and everyone are hungry.’
stab what
ʔas–tagʷəxʷ STAT–hungry
230
Star Child
176 xʷiʔ gʷəsʔəɬəds xʷiʔ
gʷə=sʔəɬəd–s
NEG
SBJ=food–3PO
‘They have no food.’ 177 ɬuʔuləx̌əxʷ čəd ʔə kʷi sʔuladxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=ʔuləx̌=axʷ čəd ʔə IRR=gather=now 1SG.SUB PR
kʷi REM
sʔuladxʷ salmon
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘ “I will catch salmon there.” ’ 178 diɬəxʷ tudəxʷəsq’ʷuʔbitidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab, tiʔəʔ qaw’qs, tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ, tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad, tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab diɬ=axʷ tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–q’ʷuʔ–bi–t–id=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ FOC=now PAST=ADNM=STAT–gathered–MAP–ICS–PASS.SBRD=now PR PROX bək’ʷ stab tiʔəʔ all what PROX tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
tiʔəʔ PROX
k’aʔk’aʔ tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad crow PROX magpie
bək’ʷ stab all what
‘That is why everyone was gathered together – Raven, Crow, Magpie, everyone.’ 179 diɬəxʷ taxʷcutəb əlgʷəʔ caadiɬ kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ diɬ=axʷ tu=ʔas–dxʷ–cut–ab əlgʷəʔ caadiɬ FOC=now PAST=STAT–CTD–speak–DSD PL they
kʷi REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘That is what the people thought.’ 180 yəx̌i tašuucəb əlgʷəʔ ʔə tsi sk’ʷuy ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ yəx̌i because
tu=ʔas–šuɬ–c–b PAST=STAT–see–ALTV–PASS
əlgʷəʔ ʔə tsi sk’ʷuy ʔə PL PR SPEC:FEM mother PR
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Because they were looked after by the mother of Diaper Child.’ 181 gʷəl tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl x̌ʷul’ k’ʷid sləx̌il gʷəl luƛ’əxʷ stubš gʷəl
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl x̌ʷul’ k’ʷid sləx̌–il gʷəl Diaper.Child SCONJ only how.much daylight–INCH SCONJ
Dora Solomon
231
luƛ’=axʷ stubš old=now man
‘As for Diaper Child, it is not many days (before) he grows into a man.’ 182 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tušƛ’ap ʔə kʷi sčəbid ƛ’u=tu=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ HAB=PAST=PFV–go=now
ƛ’u=tu=šƛ’•ap HAB=PAST=scorch•bottom
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
sčəbid Douglas.fir
‘He went to fell fir trees by burning their base.’ 183 ƛ’ušƛ’aps you know huds ƛ’u=s=šƛ’•ap=s HAB=NM=scorch•bottom=3PO
you you
know know
with with
hud–s burn–3PO
‘He’d fell them you know, with fire.’ 184 huyəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔal ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ, ʔalʔal ʔə kʷsi sk’ʷuys huyu=axʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔal made=now PROX house kʷsi REM:FEM
ʔə PR
sp’ic’ikʷ ʔalʔal ʔə Diaper.Child house PR
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
‘He makes Diaper Child’s house, the house of Diaper Child’s mother.’ 185 gʷəl ʔal kʷi ƛ’usʔas, ƛ’usušƛ’ap[s] tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal kʷi at REM
tiʔəʔ PROX
ƛ’u=s=ʔa=s
ƛ’u=s=ʔu–šƛ’•ap=s
HAB=NM=be.there=3PO
HAB=NM=PFV–scorch•bottom=3PO
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘And it was there that Diaper Child was felling trees.’ 186 gʷəl ƛ’ut’ilib ʔə tiʔəʔ sx̌aabs gʷəl
ƛ’u=t’ilib
SCONJ
HAB=sing
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
s=x̌aab=s
PROX
NM=cry=3PO
‘And she would sing when he cried.’ 187 gʷəl tiʔəʔ tuɬiq’ʷtəb sqas gʷəl
tiʔəʔ
tu=ɬiq’ʷ–t–b
SCONJ
PROX
HAB=hooked–ICS–PASS
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
‘And as for his kidnapped older brother,’
232
Star Child
188 gʷəl ƛ’al’ ƛ’ubasʔistaʔ kʷi tuƛ’ax̌ʷs ʔaɬ gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’al’ ƛ’u=bə=ʔas–ʔistaʔ also HAB=ADD=STAT–be.like
kʷi
tu=ƛ’ax̌ʷ=s
REM
PAST=grow=3PO
‘Well, it was also like that that he grew up fast.’ 189 tasx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ʔas–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ PAST=STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
‘He was forbidden by the women.’ 190 yəw’il čəxʷ q’iƛ’dxʷ kʷi tatačulbixʷ yəw’il if
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
q’iƛ’–dxʷ kʷi tatačulbixʷ wounded–DC REM big.game.animal
‘ “If you wound game.’ 191 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsčalad gʷəʔux̌ʷəs south xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=čala–t gʷə=ʔux̌ʷ=as 2SG.PO=NM=chased–ICS SBJ=go=3SBRD
‘ “Do not chase them if they go south!’ 192 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsčalad xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=čala–t 2SG.PO=NM=chased–ICS
‘ “Do not chase them!’ 193 kʷaʔəd kʷaʔ–t released–ICS
‘ “Let them go!” ’ 194 huy dxʷscutəbəxʷ huy SCONJ
dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ CTD–say–DSD=now
‘Then he thinks,’
south south
ʔaɬ fast
Dora Solomon
233
195 ʔuˑ, stab əw’ə kʷi tudəxʷəsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔcs əlgʷəʔ gʷəčaladəd kʷi tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔal kʷi south ʔu
stab what
INTJ
əw’ə kʷi
tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–s=s
əlgʷəʔ
PTCL
PAST=NM=STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS–1SG.OBJ=3PO
PL
REM
gʷə=čala–t=ad SBJ=chased–ICS=1SG.SBRD kʷi REM
kʷi REM
tatačulbixʷ dxʷ–ʔal big.game.animal CNTRPT–at
south south
‘ “Oh, for what reason did they forbid me to chase game towards the south?” ’ 196 You know, stəgʷaaq’ʷ, čadəs kʷi gʷadscuuc you you
know know
stəgʷaaq’ʷ čad=as kʷi gʷə=ad=s=cut–c south.wind where=3SBRD REM SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=say–ALTV
‘You know, the south wind, where you were saying.’ 197 huy, čaladəxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd huy SCONJ
čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
kʷagʷičəd elk
‘Well, he chases an elk.’ 198 t’uc’ud tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd t’uc’u–t shot–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
kʷagʷičəd elk
‘He shoots an elk.’ 199 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsʔatəbəds gʷəl
xʷiʔ
SCONJ
NEG
gʷə=s=ʔatəbəd=s SBJ=NM=die=3PO
‘And it doesn’t die.’ 200 ʔuˑ təlawiləxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd ʔu INTJ
təlawil=axʷ run=now
‘Oh, the elk runs.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
kʷagʷičəd elk
234
Star Child
201 čaˑladəxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
kʷagʷičəd elk
‘He chases the elk.’ 202 siˑ lədxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ, sušƛ’ap ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ kʷi suʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd si lə=dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə right.there PROG=CNTRFG–at PROX ADNM=be.there PR s=ʔu–šƛ’•ap NM=PFV–scorch•bottom
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ kʷi s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ ʔə PR Diaper.Child REM NM=PFV–go PR
tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd PROX elk
‘Right to where Diaper Child is, the elk heads right for where Diaper Child is falling trees.’ 203 x̌ʷul’ ʔušudxʷ tiʔiɬə x̌ʷul’ only
ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ PFV–see–DC
tiʔiɬə DIST
‘He just catches sight of it.’ 204 gʷəl gʷəƛ’əladxʷ tiʔəʔ kʷagʷičəd gʷəl SCONJ
gʷəƛ’əla–dxʷ tiʔəʔ stopped–DC PROX
‘And the elk stops.’ 205 gʷəl ʔəsɬaq’əxʷ gʷəl
ʔas–ɬaq’a=axʷ
SCONJ
STAT–fallen=now
‘And it has fallen now.’ 206 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘And he goes.’
kʷagʷičəd elk
Dora Solomon
235
207 gʷəl gʷadadgʷadəxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl
gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now DIST
tiʔiɬ
‘And (the older brother) speaks to him.’ 208 ʔəsčal əw’ə tiʔiɬ adsut’ilib ʔas–čal əw’ə STAT–how PTCL
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad=s=ʔu–t’ilib 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing
‘ “How does your song go?” ’ 209 wiliq’ʷid wiliq’ʷi–t ask–ICS
‘He is questioned.’ 210 ʔəsčal əw’ə tiʔiɬ adsut’ilib ʔas–čal əw’ə STAT–how PTCL
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad=s=ʔu–t’ilib 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing
‘ “How does your song go?” ’ 211 ʔuˑ ƛ’ucuucəb čəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ dsk’ʷuy ʔu INTJ
ƛ’u=cut–c–b čəd ʔə HAB=say–ALTV–PASS 1SG.SUB PR
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
d–sk’ʷuy 1SG.PO–mother
‘ “Oh, I was told by my mother.’ 212 ʔa kʷi tudsqa ʔa be.there
kʷi
tu=d–sqa
REM
PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother
‘ “I had a brother.’ 213 tuɬik’ʷtəb ʔə kʷi tul’ʔaɬx̌ad sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ɬik’ʷ–t–b HAB=hooked–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
kʷi
tul’–ʔaɬx̌ad
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
REM
CNTRFG–downstream
PL–woman
‘ “He was taken by some women from downstream.’
236
Star Child
214 diɬəxʷ ƛ’udsut’ilib ʔə tiʔəʔ ƛ’udsušƛ’ap diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
ƛ’u=d=s=ʔu–t’ilib HAB=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
ƛ’u=d=s=ʔu–šƛ’•ap HAB=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–scorch•bottom
‘ “That is my song about my tree-falling.” ’ 215 hilidəxʷ tiʔiɬ hili–t=axʷ tiʔiɬ command–ICS=now DIST
‘He orders him.’ 216 haw’ haw’ INTJ
‘ “Hey,’ 217 ʔux̌ʷtxʷ tiʔiɬ adst’ilib ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ tiʔiɬ ad=s=t’ilib go–ECS DIST 2SG.PO=NM=song
‘ “Take your song!” ’ 218 ʔux̌ʷtubəxʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ ʔə go–ECS–PASS=now PR
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘It is taken by Diaper Child.’ 219 həʔi, həʔiˑ, həʔiˑ həʔi hey
həʔi hey
həʔi hey
‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey. ♪’ 220 tuɬiq’ʷtəb k’ʷəɬ ʔə tul’ʔaɬx̌ad kʷi tudsqa tu=ɬiq’ʷ–t–b HAB=hooked–ICS–PASS
k’ʷəɬ QTV
ʔə PR
tul’–ʔaɬx̌ad
kʷi
CNTRFG–downstream
REM
Dora Solomon
237
tu=d–sqa PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother
‘♪ “My older brother was taken by those from downstream. ♪’ 221 həʔiˑ, həʔiˑ, həʔiˑ həʔi hey
həʔi hey
həʔi hey
‘♪ “Hey, hey, hey.” ♪’ 222 diɬ st’ilib ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬə diɬ
st’ilib ʔə song PR
FOC
sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬə Diaper.Child DIST
‘That is the song of Diaper Child.’ 223 tusuxʷtəšəxʷ tu=suxʷt–š=axʷ PAST=recognize–ICS=now
‘(The older brother) recognized him (Diaper Child).’ 224 bəbuʔs sɬəɬadəyʔ kʷi tuqadabid kʷi tudsqa bəbuʔs four:HMN
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ kʷi tu=qada–bi–t kʷi REM PAST=steal–MAP–ICS REM
PL–woman
tu=d–sqa PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother
‘ “Those who stole my brother were four women.” ’ 225 huy tucuucəxʷ huy SCONJ
tu=cut–c=axʷ PAST=say–ALTV=now
‘Then he spoke to him.’ 226 tuwiliq’ʷidəxʷ tiʔiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ PAST=ask–ICS=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘He questioned Diaper Child.’
238
Star Child
227 ʔa ʔu kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal kʷi dəxʷəsɬaɬliləp ʔa ʔu be.there INT
kʷi REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
ʔal kʷi at REM
dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil=lap ADNM=STAT–live=2PL.PO
‘ “Are there people where you guys live?” ’ 228 ʔuˑ sʔahaʔs tiʔiɬ ƛ’ucut ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔu
s=ʔah–aʔ=s tiʔiɬ NM=EXC–be.there=3PO DIST
INTJ
ƛ’u=cut HAB=say
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “Oh, the people who speak are always right there,’ 229 ƛ’uciɬugʷadadgʷad ʔə tsiʔiɬ dsk’ʷuy ƛ’u=s=ʔiɬ–ʔu–gʷad–ad–gʷad HAB=NM=PRTV–PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk
ʔə tsiʔiɬ d–sk’ʷuy PR DIST:FEM 1SG.PO–mother
‘ “They are those who my mother always converses with.” ’ 230 gʷəl xʷiʔ ləlaʔb ʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəl
xʷiʔ
lə=laʔb
SCONJ
NEG
NEGP=really
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘Well, they aren’t really people.’ 231 ƛ’udaˑʔadəxʷ ƛ’u=daʔa–t=axʷ HAB=named–ICS=now
‘She always named them.’ 232 tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad, tiʔəʔ kaykay, tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔk’aʔ, tiʔəʔ qaw’qs, tiʔəʔ wəlis tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔadʔad tiʔəʔ kaykay tiʔəʔ k’aʔ–k’aʔk’aʔ magpie PROX Steller’s.Jay PROX DSTR–crow
tiʔəʔ PROX
wəlis small.frog
‘Magpie, Steller’s Jay, the Crows, Raven, Frog.’ 233 diɬəxʷ ʔa diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
ʔa be.there
‘They are there.’
tiʔəʔ qaw’qs raven
PROX
Dora Solomon
239
234 ʔa tiʔiɬ dəxʷəsɬaɬlils əlgʷəʔ ʔa be.there
tiʔiɬ
dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil=s
əlgʷəʔ
DIST
ADNM=STAT–live=3PO
PL
‘There is where they live.’ 235 ƛ’ucutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ sqas ƛ’u=cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ HAB=say–ICS–PASS=now PR DIST
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
‘He is spoken to by his older brother.’ 236 Well, ʔa tiʔəʔ dtatačulbixʷ well well
ʔa be.there
tiʔəʔ PROX
d–tatačulbixʷ 1SG.PO–big.game.animal
‘ “Well, I have game.’ 237 ʔux̌ʷ čəxʷ ʔə kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy čxʷa hilid ɬuʔiq’ʷidəs kʷədiʔ ʔalʔal ʔə kʷi haʔɬ ʔux̌ʷ go
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ʔə kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy PR REM:FEM 2SG.PO–mother
ɬu=ʔiq’ʷi–t=as IRR=swept–ICS=3SBRD
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
čxʷa hili–t 2SG.COORD command–ICS
ʔalʔal ʔə kʷi house PR REM
haʔɬ good
‘ “You go to your mother and tell her to sweep the house well.’ 238 gʷəl pačad kʷi sɬagʷid ʔal ti ʔudəgʷabac gʷəl SCONJ
pača–t kʷi laid.out–ICS REM
sɬagʷid sleeping.mat
ʔal at
ti SPEC
ʔudəgʷ•abac centre•body
‘ “And lay out a sleeping mat in the middle.’ 239 diɬ ɬudəxʷɬaq’ati[d] kʷi tatačulbixʷ ʔə kʷi gʷat sɬadəyʔ ɬučəbaʔəd diɬ
ɬu=dəxʷ=ɬaq’a–t–id
FOC
IRR=ADNM=fallen–ICS–PASS.SBRD REM
sɬadəyʔ woman
kʷi
tatačulbixʷ ʔə kʷi gʷat big.game.animal PR REM who
ɬu=čəbaʔ–t IRR=backpack–ICS
‘ “What will be laid down is the game which will be brought by a woman.’
240
Star Child
240 gʷəl kʷi sɬadəyʔ ɬučəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ gʷəl
kʷi
SCONJ
REM
sɬadəyʔ woman
ɬu=čəbaʔ–t
tiʔəʔ
IRR=backpack–ICS
PROX
‘ “And the woman, she will pack the game.’ 241 gʷəl diɬ ɬuhuyil dčəgʷas gʷəl
diɬ
ɬu=huyu–il
SCONJ
FOC
IRR=made–INCH
d–čəgʷas 1SG.PO–wife
‘ “That is the one who will be my wife.” ’ 242 cuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ sp’ic’ikʷ cut–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ say–ALTV=now DIST
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘He speaks to Diaper Child.’ 243 kʷədaxʷ ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ kʷəd=axʷ take=now
ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘He takes it and goes to him.’ 244 dxʷʔiq’ʷusəd tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs dxʷ–ʔiq’ʷ•us–t tiʔiɬ CTD–swept•face–ICS DIST
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He wipes his younger brother’s face.’ 245 dxʷʔiq’ʷustəb dxʷ–ʔiq’ʷ•us–t–b CTD–swept•face–ICS–PASS
‘His face is wiped.’ 246 ʔəsɬukʷalb tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs ʔas–ɬukʷalb STAT–moon
tiʔiɬ DIST
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘His younger brother was the moon.’ 247 My, got bright, can’t look at him, like the ɬukʷaɬ 3 3
ɬukʷaɬ ‘sun’.
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
Dora Solomon
241
248 huy cutəxʷ huy SCONJ
cut=axʷ say=now
‘Then he speaks,’ 249 t’uk’ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ t’uk’ʷ=axʷ go.home=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘ “Go home, Diaper Child.” ’ 250 ʔuˑ kʷaxʷad ʔuˑ INTJ
kʷaxʷa–t help–ICS
‘Oh, he helps him.’ 251 gʷəl q’ilid tiʔiɬ sčəbid gʷəl SCONJ
q’ili–t tiʔiɬ aboard–ICS DIST
sčəbid Douglas.fir
‘And they put the fir bark on board.’ 252 hiwil hiwil go.ahead
‘ “Go ahead!’ 253 ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘ “Go!’ 254 t’uk’ʷtxʷ tiʔiɬə t’uk’ʷ–txʷ go.home–ECS
tiʔiɬə DIST
‘ “Take it home!” ’
242
Star Child
255 gʷəl qaw’qs sixʷ tiʔiɬ ʔulələliʔdxʷ tiʔiɬə gʷəl SCONJ
qaw’qs sixʷ raven PTCL
tiʔiɬ
ʔu–lə–ləliʔ–dxʷ
tiʔiɬə
DIST
PFV–ATTN–different–DC
DIST
‘As for Raven, he doesn’t quite recognize him.’ 256 ʔuˑ sp’ic’ikʷ, ʔuʔəx̌id čəxʷ ʔu INTJ
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “Oh, Diaper Child, what did you do?’ 257 ləliʔəxʷ t(i) adsəshuy, sp’ic’ikʷ ləliʔ=axʷ ti ad=s=ʔas–huyu different=now SPEC 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–made
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘ “What you have done is different now, Diaper Child.’ 258 ʔuʔəx̌id čəxʷ ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “What did you do?” ’ 259 ʔuˑ, xʷiʔ gʷədsʔəx̌id ʔu INTJ
xʷiʔ gʷə=d=s=ʔəx̌id NEG SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=what.happen
‘ “Oh, I didn’t do anything.’ 260 tux̌ʷ čəd ʔudxʷc’agʷusəb tux̌ʷ just
čəd 1SG.SUB
ʔu–dxʷ–c’aʔkʷ•us–b PFV–CTD–washed•face–MD
‘ “I just washed my face.” ’ 261 sp’ic’ikʷ answered qaw’qs that sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
answered answered
qaw’qs like raven like
‘Diaper Child answered Raven like that.’
that that
Dora Solomon
243
262 xʷiʔ gʷədsʔəx̌id xʷiʔ gʷə=d=s=ʔəx̌id NEG SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=what.happen
‘ “I didn’t do anything.” ’ 263 What he said, just like that 264 huy cutəbəxʷ ʔə qaw’qs huy
cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə say–ICS–PASS=now PR
SCONJ
qaw’qs raven
‘Then Raven says to him,’ 265 ʔa ti dsʔədəgʷəl ʔəbstatačulbixʷ ʔa be.there
ti SPEC
dsʔədəgʷəl ??
ʔas–bəs–tatačulbixʷ STAT–PROP–big.game.animal
‘ “There is one ... who has game.’ 266 ɬuʔəƛ’txʷ k’ʷəɬ ti tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ɬu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ k’ʷəɬ IRR=come–ECS QTV
ti SPEC
tatačulbixʷ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ big.game.animal CNTRPT–at PROX
‘ “It is said that she will bring the game for him.’ 267 gʷəl kʷi gʷat sɬadəyʔ ɬučəbaʔəd gʷəl
kʷi
SCONJ
REM
gʷat who
sɬadəyʔ woman
ɬu=čəbaʔ–t IRR=backpack–ICS
‘ “Some woman, she will bring it.’ 268 gʷəl diɬ ɬuhuyil čəgʷas gʷəl
diɬ
ɬu=huyu–il
SCONJ
FOC
IRR=made–INCH
‘ “That one will be his wife.” ’ 269 huy qaw’qs announced huy SCONJ
qaw’qs Raven
‘Then Raven announced.’
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
244
Star Child
270 wiʔətəbəxʷ ʔə qaw’qs wiʔ–t–b=axʷ ʔə holler–ICS–PASS=now PR
qaw’qs raven
‘It is announced by Raven.’ 271 ʔaˑ, pretty soon ‘Oh, pretty soon.’ 272 gʷəl ɬaʔtubəxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬaʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ arrive–ECS–PASS=now DIST
‘And it is brought.’ 273 What they call it? Elk, you know 274 kʷagʷičəd kʷagʷičəd elk
VH: ‘Elk.’ 275 kʷagʷičəd, yeah kʷagʷičəd elk
yeah yeah
DS: ‘Elk, yeah.’ 276 ɬaʔtubəxʷ ɬaʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ arrive–ECS–PASS=now
‘It is brought.’ 277 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ ləx̌ax̌ax̌ax̌əybcut tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ, tiʔəʔ ʔadʔad, tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab, kaykay ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ lə=x̌a–x̌a–x̌a–x̌əyb–t–sut tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ go=now PROX PROG=ATTN–ATTN–ATTN–laugh–ICS–REFL PROX crow tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔadʔad magpie
tiʔəʔ PROX
bək’ʷ stab all what
kaykay Steller’s.Jay
‘Those who are laughing go – Crow, Magpie, everyone, Steller’s Jay.”
Dora Solomon
245
278 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘They go.’ 279 ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə [s]p’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬ sqas ʔə tiʔiɬ sxʷiʔs kʷi gʷat ləšəqəd ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now s=xʷiʔ=s NM=NEG=3PO
ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PR Diaper.Child kʷi REM
gʷat who
tiʔiɬ sqa–s ʔə older.brother–3PO PR
DIST
tiʔiɬ DIST
lə=šq–t NEGP=high–ICS
‘Diaper Child goes to his older brother when there is no one (able) to lift it.’ 280 x̌ʷul’ ləcudᶻalaldᶻalqtəb tiʔiɬ kʷagʷičəd x̌ʷul’ only
ləcu–dᶻal–al–dᶻalq–t–b
tiʔiɬ
CONT–DSTR–DIM.EFF–turn–ICS–PASS
DIST
‘The elk is just being turned over and over.’ 281 ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔiɬ sqas ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
tiʔiɬ sqa–s older.brother–3PO
DIST
‘He goes to his brother.’ 282 gʷəl cut gʷəl
cut say
SCONJ
‘And he speaks,’ 283 diič’uʔ kʷsi xʷiʔ gʷəsʔəƛ’s diič’uʔ one:HMN
kʷsi
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔəƛ’=s
REM:FEM
NEG
SBJ=NM=come=3PO
‘ “There is one woman who has not come.’ 284 ʔal x̌ʷul’ ʔəbskiaʔ ʔal at
x̌ʷul’ only
ʔas–bəs–kiaʔ STAT–PROP–grandmother
‘ “She only has a grandmother.’
kʷagʷičəd elk
246
Star Child
285 gʷəl ƛ’ut’ilib ɬuɬax̌iləs gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’u=t’ilib ɬu=ɬax̌–il=as IRR=dark–INCH=3SBRD
HAB=sing
‘ “She sings when it gets dark.’ 286 yəw’il ƛ’uɬax̌il gʷəl ƛ’ut’ilib tsiʔiɬ wəlis yəw’il if
ƛ’u=ɬax̌–il
gʷəl
HAB=dark–INCH
SCONJ
ƛ’u=t’ilib tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
HAB=sing
wəlis small.frog
‘ “If it gets dark the small frog will sing.’ 287 hilitəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ hili–t–b=axʷ tsiʔəʔ command–ICS–PASS=now PROX:FEM
‘ “She will be commanded.” ’ 288 kʷədatəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ wəlis ʔə tsiʔəʔ kiʔs kʷəda–t–b=axʷ tsiʔəʔ wəlis ʔə tsiʔəʔ kiaʔ–s taken–ICS–PASS=now PROX:FEM small.frog PR PROX:FEM grandmother–3PO
‘Little Frog was taken by her grandmother.’ 289 gʷəl špadᶻtəb gʷəl SCONJ
špadᶻ–t–b combed–ICS–PASS
‘Her hair is combed.’ 290 t’əbt’əbšəditəb t’əb–t’əbš•ədi–t–b DSTR–braid•ear–ICS–PASS
‘Her hair is braided.’ 291 gʷəl titəbɬustəb gʷəl
ti–təbɬ•us–t–b
SCONJ
ATTN–ochre•face–ICS–PASS
‘And a little ochre is put on her face.’
Dora Solomon
247
292 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl SCONJ
cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
‘And she is told.’ 293 hiwil, ʔux̌ʷ hiwil go.ahead
ʔux̌ʷ go
‘ “Go ahead, go!” ’ 294 p’aʔcut p’aʔ–t–sut try–ICS–REFL
‘She tries.’ 295 šuhu tiʔiɬ adsʔiɬsɬəɬadəyʔ šuɬ see
tiʔiɬ ad=s=ʔiɬ–sɬə–ɬadəyʔ 2SG.PO=NM=PRTV–PL–woman
DIST
‘ “Your fellow-women are watching.” ’ 296 ʔup’aʔcut ʔu–p’aʔ–t–sut PFV–try–ICS–REFL
‘She tries.’ 297 hiwil, ʔux̌ʷ hiwil go.ahead
ʔux̌ʷ go
‘ “Go ahead, go!” ’ 298 yəcəbtubəxʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬ sqas yəc–b–txʷ–b=axʷ report–MD–ECS–PASS=now
ʔə PR
sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔiɬ Diaper.Child DIST
‘The older brother is told by Diaper Child.’
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
248
Star Child
299 tsudiʔ ʔəƛ’axʷ tsudiʔ DIST:FEM.DMA
ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now
‘ “Here she comes.’ 300 tsudiʔ ʔəƛ’axʷ tsudiʔ DIST:FEM.DMA
ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now
‘ “Here she comes.” ’ 301 Well, ʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ wəlis well well
ʔux̌ʷ go
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
wəlis small.frog
‘Well, Little Frog went.’ 302 gʷəl tašašad tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ gʷəl
taš–aša–t
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
DIM.EFF–fixed.up–ICS
PROX
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
‘And, she fixes up the big game animal a bit.’ 303 gʷəl kʷədad gʷəl
kʷəda–t taken–ICS
SCONJ
‘And she takes it.’ 304 gʷəl čəbaʔəd gʷəl SCONJ
čəbaʔ–t backpack–ICS
‘And she carries it.’ 305 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ go
‘She goes.’
Dora Solomon
249
306 gʷəl ɬaq’aš gʷəl SCONJ
ɬaq’a–š fallen–ICS
‘She lays it down.’ 307 huyil čəgʷas ʔə sɬukʷalb huyu–il čəgʷas made–INCH wife
ʔə PR
sɬukʷalb moon
‘She becomes the wife of Moon.’ 308 hay gʷəl, tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬaq’əxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ hay
gʷəl
tu=cut=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=say=now
PROX
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs ʔə tiʔəʔ s=ɬaq’a=axʷ raven PR PROX NM=fallen=now
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
‘Then Raven speaks about the laying-out of the game animal.’ 309 ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ, not sp’ic’ikʷ, sɬukʷalb ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now PR Diaper.Child
not not
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child went to him – not Diaper Child, the Moon.’ 310 gʷəl dxʷtašusəd tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuys gʷəl
dxʷ–taš•us–t
tsiʔiɬ
SCONJ
CTD–fixed.up•face–ICS
DIST:FEM
‘And he fixes up his mother’s face.’ 4 311 He’s so bright 312 xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi gʷat gʷəʔx̌ xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
kʷi REM
gʷat who
gʷə=ʔux̌ SBJ=go
‘There is no one to go.’
4
That is, he cleans Raven’s feces from his mother’s face.
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
sɬukʷalb moon
250
Star Child
313 Can’t look at her, she was so bright, like the ɬukʷaɬ 5 314 cutəbəxʷ ʔə sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ qaw’qs cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə say–ICS–PASS=now PR
sɬukʷalb moon
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘The Moon is told by Raven,’ 315 ʔəca kʷi ɬuɬiɬič’id tiʔiɬ tatačulbixʷ ʔəca I
kʷi
ɬu=ɬi–ɬič’i–t
tiʔiɬ
REM
IRR=ATTN–cut–ICS
DIST
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
‘ “I am the one who will cut up the big game animal.” ’ 316 ʔəɬtubəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔəɬ–txʷ–b=axʷ be.fed–ECS–PASS=now
tiʔiɬ
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
DIST
‘The people are fed.’ 317 yəx̌i huy ɬubəsčəgʷasəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔučəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ yəx̌i because
huy SCONJ
ɬu=bəs–čəgʷas=axʷ IRR=PROP–wife=now
ʔu–čəbaʔ–t PFV–backpack–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ
sɬukʷalb moon
PROX
ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
‘Because Moon will have as a wife she who packs the big game animal.’ 318 kʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ bone of the elk kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ʔə taken–ICS–PASS=now PR
sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ moon PROX
‘Moon took the elk’s bone.’ 319 gʷəl ʔix̌ʷyitəb tiʔəʔ qaw’qs gʷəl SCONJ
ʔix̌ʷi–yi–t–b thrown–DAT–ICS–PASS
‘And he cast it for Raven.’
5
ɬukʷaɬ ‘sun’.
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
bone of bone of
elk elk
Dora Solomon
251
320 tiləb ʔučik’ʷitəb tiləb immediately
ʔu–čik’ʷi–t–b PFV–stuffed.into–ICS–PASS
‘Right away it became narrow.’ 321 gʷəl qʷaq’ʷ qʷaq’ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
qʷaq’ʷ Raven
qʷaq’ʷ Raven
‘ “And, Raven, Raven.” ’ 322 cutəbəxʷ ʔə sɬukʷalb cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə say–ICS–PASS=now PR
sɬukʷalb moon
‘He is spoken to by the Moon,’ 323 diɬəxʷ ɬadsgʷədgʷatəd tiʔiɬ dxʷʔal kʷi ɬuɬədxʷlaq 6 diɬ=axʷ ɬu=ad=s=gʷədgʷatəd FOC=now IRR=2SG.PO=NM=speak
tiʔiɬ
dxʷ–ʔal
kʷi
DIST
CNTRPT–at
REM
ɬu=ad=dxʷlaq IRR=2SG.PO=childless
‘ “It is said about you that you will be childless.” ’ 324 yəx̌i tasigʷcut yəx̌i because
tu=ʔas–hikʷ–t–sut PAST=STAT–big–ICS–REFL
‘Because (Raven) had become important.’ 325 taxʷcutəb diɬ siʔab ʔə tiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔk’aʔ, bək’ʷ stab, ʔadʔad, bək’ʷ stab tu=ʔas–dxʷ–cut–ab diɬ siʔab ʔə tiʔəʔ k’aʔ–k’aʔk’aʔ bək’ʷ stab PAST=STAT–CTD–speak–DSD FOC noble PR PROX DSTR–crow all what ʔadʔad magpie
bək’ʷ stab all what
‘The Crows and everyone, Magpie and everyone, thought him to be noble.’
6
The transcription and gloss of the last word is uncertain.
252
Star Child
326 diɬ tudəxʷq’p’alikʷtəbs ʔə sɬukʷalb diɬ
tu=dəxʷ=q’p’–alikʷ–t–b=s
FOC
PAST=ADNM=pay–ACT–ICS–PASS=3PO
ʔə PR
sɬukʷalb moon
‘It was his payment to Moon.’ 327 gʷəl tucutəbəxʷ gʷəl
tu=cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And they said to him,’ 328 ɬux̌ʷul’əxʷ čəxʷ ɬubək’ʷucid ʔə kʷi ɬadsuʔəɬəd ɬu=x̌ʷul’=axʷ čəxʷ ɬu=bək’ʷ•ucid IRR=only=now 2SG.SUB IRR=scavenge•mouth
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
ɬu=ad=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–feed.on
‘ “Now you will just scavenge for what you will eat.” ’ 329 tuhuyəxʷ tiʔiɬ tuspaq’ati[d] tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ tu=huyu=axʷ tiʔiɬ tu=s=paq’a–t–id tiʔəʔ PAST=made=now DIST PAST=NM=distributed–ICS–PASS.SBRD PROX tatačulbixʷ dxʷ–ʔal big.game.animal CNTRPT–at
tiʔəʔ
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
PROX
‘The game animal was distributed to the people.’ 330 gʷəl tugʷəgʷatxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl
tu=gʷə–gʷad–txʷ=axʷ
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
PAST=ATTN–talk–ECS=now
DIST
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘And he scolded his younger brother.’ 331 tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔučəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ woman
ʔu–čəbaʔ–t
tiʔəʔ
PFV–backpack–ICS
PROX
‘ “The woman who brought the game animal,’
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
Dora Solomon
253
332 xʷiʔ gʷədskʷədad xʷiʔ
gʷə=d=s=kʷəda–t
NEG
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=taken–ICS
‘ “I didn’t take her.’ 333 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ɬudsx̌alus gʷəl SCONJ
x̌ʷul’ ɬu=d=s=x̌ala•us only IRR=1SG.PO=NM=written•face
‘ “I will just have my face painted.” ’ 334 gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ɬudsx̌alus gʷəl SCONJ
x̌ʷul’ ɬu=d=s=x̌ala•us only IRR=1SG.PO=NM=written•face
‘ “I will just have my face painted.” ’ 335 Put picture in his face 336 gʷəgʷatxʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs gʷə–gʷad–txʷ=axʷ ATTN–talk–ECS=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He scolded his younger brother.’ 337 ɬuhuyudəxʷ čəɬ tiʔəʔ ɬudəxʷhuy ʔə kʷi ɬudəxʷlaqəxʷ ɬuʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬu=huyu–t=axʷ IRR=made–ICS=now
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
tiʔəʔ PROX
ɬu=dəxʷ=huyu ʔə IRR=ADNM=made PR
kʷi REM
ɬu=dəxʷ=laq=axʷ ɬu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ IRR=ADNM=behind=now IRR=people
‘ “We will do what will be done for those people who will come after us.” ’ 338 kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sčəbid kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PL
‘They take fir bark.’ 339 gʷəl hudud gʷəl SCONJ
hudu–t burn–ICS
‘And they burn it.’
PROX
sčəbid Douglas.fir
254
Star Child
340 tiʔəʔ təbɬ, tiʔəʔ feathers tiʔəʔ PROX
təbɬ tiʔəʔ ochre PROX
feathers feathers
‘Ochre and feathers’ 341 st’uʔq’ʷ st’uʔq’ʷ small.feathers
VH: ‘Small feathers.’ 342 st’uʔq’ʷ, čičx̌al st’uʔq’ʷ čičx̌al small.feathers feathers
DS: ‘Small feathers, feathers.’ 7 343 hudud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bəˑk’ʷ stab hudu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ PROX all burn–ICS PL
stab what
‘They burn everything.’ 344 tiʔəʔ k’ʷəluʔ gʷəɬ tatačulbixʷ, k’ʷəluʔ, diɬ hudud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ k’ʷəluʔ gʷəɬ PROX skin ASSC
tatačulbixʷ k’ʷəluʔ big.game.animal skin
diɬ FOC
hudu–t əlgʷəʔ burn–ICS PL
‘The hide of animals, hide, that is what they burn.’ 345 gʷəl hudud tiʔəʔ bək’ʷ stab gʷəl SCONJ
hudu–t burn–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
bək’ʷ all
stab what
‘And, they burn everything.’ 346 hudud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ ƛ’aʔtəd, ƛ’aʔtəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuys hudu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ ƛ’aʔtəd ƛ’aʔtəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ sk’ʷuy–s burn–ICS PL PROX salmon.trap salmon.trap PR DIST:FEM mother–3PO
‘They burn the salmon trap, their mother’s salmon trap.’ 7
The word čičx̌al and its gloss are uncertain; it is possible that this is a variant pronunciation of c’ic’al ‘long feathers with thick stems’.
Dora Solomon
255
347 huyud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ taʔɬ huyu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ made–ICS PL PROX
taʔɬ harpoon
‘They make a harpoon.’ 348 huyud əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bəˑk’ʷ stab huyu–t əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ made–ICS PL PROX
bək’ʷ all
stab what
‘They make everything.’ 349 kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ taken–ICS=now PL
‘They take it.’ 350 gʷəl biƛ’idəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
biƛ’i–t=axʷ crushed–ICS=now
‘And they crush it.’ 351 dəgʷdəgʷašəxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ ʔuhuyud əlgʷəʔ sdəgʷigʷsaliʔs dəgʷ–dəkʷa–š=axʷ DSTR–inside–ICS=now
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ
ʔu–huyu–t
əlgʷəʔ
PROX
PFV–made–ICS
PL
s=dəkʷ•igʷs•aliʔ=s NM=inside•things•place=3PO
‘They put them inside their pockets as they make them.’ 352 stabəs … stab=as what=3SBRD
‘As it is ...’ 353 I don’t know the Indian name 354 dəgʷašəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔiɬə dəkʷa–š=axʷ əlgʷəʔ inside–ICS=now PL
‘They put it inside there.’
ʔal at
tiʔiɬə DIST
256
Star Child
355 gʷəl huyud tiʔəʔ sq’aʔšəd gʷəl SCONJ
huyu–t made–ICS
tiʔəʔ
sq’aʔšəd moccasin
PROX
‘And they make moccasins.’ 356 tiʔəʔ bəˑk’ʷ stab ləcuǰəctubəxʷ ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ tiʔəʔ PROX
bək’ʷ stab ləcu–ǰəc–txʷ–b=axʷ all what PROG.STAT–useful–ECS–PASS=now
ʔə kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ PR REM people
‘It is everything that is used by the people.’ 357 diɬ tuhuyud əlgʷəʔ diɬ
tu=huyu–t
əlgʷəʔ
FOC
PAST=made–ICS
PL
‘That is what they made.’ 358 gʷəl tuhuyud ashes gʷəl
tu=huyu–t
SCONJ
PAST=made–ICS
ashes ashes
‘And they made ashes.’ 359 tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tu=cut=axʷ PAST=say=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
sɬukʷalb moon
‘The Moon spoke.’ 360 cuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs, sp’ic’ikʷ cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘He speaks to his younger brother, Diaper Child.’ 361 ɬuqʷibidəxʷ čəɬ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=qʷibi–t=axʷ IRR=prepared–ICS=now
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We will fix up the country.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd country
Dora Solomon
257
362 gʷəl ɬuƛ’ax̌ʷəxʷ kʷi ɬuhəlaʔbəxʷ ɬuʔaciɬtabixʷ gʷəl
ɬu=ƛ’ax̌ʷ=axʷ
kʷi
ɬu=həlaʔb=axʷ
ɬu=ʔaciɬtabixʷ
SCONJ
IRR=grow=now
REM
IRR=really=now
IRR=people
‘ “And the future people will really grow.” ’ 363 diɬəxʷ tudəxʷəshuytxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sq’aʔšəd diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–huyu–txʷ
əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ
PAST=ADNM=STAT–made–ECS
PL
PROX
sq’aʔšəd moccasin
‘That is why they made the moccasins.’ 364 ƛ’ucutəb, k’ʷid sq’aʔšəd ƛ’u=cut–t–b HAB=say–ICS–PASS
k’ʷid sq’aʔšəd how.much moccasin
‘He said, “How many moccasins?’ 365 buus ʔu sq’aʔšəd kʷi ƛ’uc’əxʷ dxʷʔaˑl kʷi ɬusqits əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd buus ʔu sq’aʔšəd four INT moccasin
kʷi REM
ƛ’uc’=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal kʷi tied.in.bunch=now CNTRPT–at REM
ɬu=s=qit=s əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd IRR=NM=circle.around=3PO PL PR PROX country
‘ “Are there four moccasins bundled together so they will encircle the land?” ’ 366 tucuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=cut–c=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say–ALTV=now PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He said to his younger brother,’ 367 dəgʷi kʷi ɬuləʔix̌ʷəd tiʔəʔ, tiʔiɬ tuhudud əlgʷəʔ, stab 8 dəgʷi kʷi ɬu=lə=ʔix̌ʷi–t tiʔəʔ tiʔiɬ tu=hudu–d əlgʷəʔ REM IRR=PROG=thrown–ICS PROX DIST PAST=burned–ICS PL you stab what
‘ “You will be the one who will throw the, the thing they burned, whatsit.” ’ 8
Vi Hilbert replaces the end of this line with the word xʷhudad ‘ashes’.
258
Star Child
368 I can’t think of the name of that, you know, ashes 369 Could you remember that? 370 VH: Right on the tip of my mind 371 DS: Me, too 372 Well, tashudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ well well
tu=ʔas–hud–dxʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ PAST=STAT–burn–DC=now PL DIST
‘Well, they managed to burn it.’ 373 ʔəsbuus kʷi tuhuyud əlgʷəʔ ʔas–buus STAT–four
kʷi
tu=huyu–t
əlgʷəʔ
REM
PAST=made–ICS
PL
‘They made four.’ 374 saliʔ kʷi gʷəɬ sp’ic’ikʷ saliʔ kʷi gʷəɬ two REM ASSC
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Those which belong to Diaper Child are two.’ 375 gʷəl saliʔ kʷi gʷəɬ sɬukʷalb gʷəl SCONJ
saliʔ two
kʷi
gʷəɬ
REM
ASSC
sɬukʷalb moon
‘And those which belong to the Moon are two.’ 376 tucuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs tu=cut–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ PAST=say–ALTV=now DIST
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He said to his younger brother,’ 377 Well, ɬuʔux̌ʷ čəɬ ɬuʔəƛ’tubəs kʷi sləx̌il čɬa ʔux̌ʷ well well
ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ čəɬ ɬu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ–b=as 1PL.SUB IRR=come–ECS–PASS=3SBRD
IRR=go
kʷi REM
sləx̌il daylight
Dora Solomon
259
čɬa 1PL.COORD
ʔux̌ʷ go
‘ “Well, we will go when daylight is brought and we go.’ 378 ʔəƛ’tubəxʷ kʷi sləx̌il ʔəƛ’–txʷ–b=axʷ kʷi come–ECS–PASS=now REM
sləx̌il daylight
‘Daylight is brought.’ 379 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ əlgʷəʔ go PL
‘And they go.’ 380 cuucəxʷ tiʔiɬ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ say–ALTV=now DIST
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He says to his younger brother,’ 381 ɬuləʔix̌ʷəd čəxʷ tiʔəʔ ɬu=lə=ʔix̌ʷi–t IRR=PROG=thrown–ICS
čəxʷ tiʔəʔ 2SG.SUB PROX
‘ “You will be throwing it.’ 382 diɬ adsʔix̌ʷid čəxʷ diɬ FOC
ad=s=ʔix̌ʷi–t 2SG.PO=NM=thrown–ICS
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “It is that which you will throw.’ 383 ɬudaʔad stab kʷi ɬusdaʔs kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬuʔal tiʔiɬ ɬu=daʔa–t stab IRR=named–ICS what ɬu=ʔal
tiʔiɬ
IRR=at
DIST
kʷi
ɬu=s=daʔa=s
kʷi
REM
IRR=NM=named=3PO
REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “You will name the names of the people who will be there.’
260
Star Child
384 kʷi dxʷsƛ’alb, kʷi bək’ʷ stab, kʷi sqaǰət, kʷi bək’ʷ stab, the whole world kʷi
dxʷsƛ’alb Clallam
REM
whole whole
kʷi
bəkʷ all
REM
stab what
kʷi REM
sqaǰət Skagit
kʷi REM
bək’ʷ stab all what
world world
‘ “The Clallam, everything, the Skagit, everything, the whole world.” ’ 385 tuləʔix̌ʷid əlgʷəʔ tu=lə=ʔix̌ʷi–t PAST=PROG=thrown–ICS
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They were throwing it.’ 386 Where they threw that. 387 tugʷəc kʷi ʔaciɬtabixʷ tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ tuhudud əlgʷəʔ tu=gʷəc kʷi PAST=born REM
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
tul’–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
tu=hudu–t
əlgʷəʔ
CNTRFG–at
PROX
PAST=burn–ICS
PL
‘The people were born out of what they burned.’ 388 I couldn’t talk my language very good anymore 389 It sounds good to me, tsi siʔab it it
sounds good to sounds good to
me tsi siʔab me SPEC:FEM noble
VH: ‘It sounds good to me, noble lady.’ 390 diɬəxʷ dəxʷəsaydigʷəd ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ kʷi sdaʔs kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ, kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ, kʷi dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ diɬ=axʷ dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–d•igʷəd=axʷ ʔə FOC=now ADNM=STAT–known–ICS•inside.body=now PR kʷi REM
sdaʔ–s kʷi name–3PO REM
dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe
kʷi REM
tiʔiɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
DIST
dč’aʔkʷbixʷ kʷi different.tribe REM
dəč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe
DS: ‘That is how the people know the names of this tribe and that tribe.’
Dora Solomon
261
391 yəx̌i huy sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi sɬukʷalb kʷi tuhuyud tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd yəx̌i huy sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi because SCONJ Diaper.Child CONJ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔal people at
sɬukʷalb moon
kʷi REM
tu=huyu–t PAST=made–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd country
PROX
‘Because it was thus that Diaper Child and Moon made the people of the world.’ 392 kʷi tushuy ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd, xʷiʔ gʷətusɬukʷalb kʷi
tu=s=huyu
REM
PAST=NM=made
ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PR PROX country
xʷiʔ
gʷə=tu=sɬukʷalb
NEG
SBJ=PAST=moon
‘When they made the world, there was no moon.’ 393 x̌ʷul’ sɬax̌il x̌ʷul’ only
sɬax̌il darkness
‘Only darkness.’ 394 xʷiʔ gʷəsləx̌il x̌ʷiʔ
gʷə=sləx̌il
NEG
SBJ=daylight
‘There was no daylight.’ 395 gʷəl tuʔa tiʔəʔ čusəd gʷəl
tu=ʔa
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PAST=be.there
PROX
čusəd star
‘And there were stars.’ 396 tuʔa tiʔəʔ čusəd tu=ʔa tiʔəʔ PAST=be.there PROX
čusəd star
‘There were stars.’ 397 diɬəxʷ tudəxʷwiliq’ʷitid ʔə tsiʔəʔ tsi sqas diɬ=axʷ tu=dəxʷ=wiliq’ʷi–t–id ʔə tsiʔəʔ tsi FOC=now PAST=ADNM=ask–ICS–PASS.SBRD PR PROX:FEM SPEC:FEM
262
Star Child
sqa–s older.sibling–3PO
‘That is why she was asked by her, by her older sister.’ 398 stab əw’ə dᶻəɬ tiʔiɬ ʔəswəliʔ šəq stab what
əw’ə
dᶻəɬ
tiʔiɬ
PTCL
PTCL
DIST
ʔas–wəliʔ STAT–visible
šq high
‘ “What are those up in the air?’ 399 ʔəxʷcutəb čəxʷ ʔu ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔas–dxʷ–cut–ab čəxʷ ʔu ʔaciɬtabixʷ STAT–CTD–say–DSD 2SG.SUB INT people
‘ “Do you think they are people?” ’ 400 tucutəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sqaʔs tu=cut–t–b=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sqaʔ–s PAST=say–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX:FEM older.sibling–3PO
‘She was told by her older sister.’ 401 ʔuˑ, xʷuʔələʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔu INTJ
xʷuʔələʔ maybe
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “Oh, I guess they are people.’ 402 Well, yəw’il gʷəʔaciɬtabixʷ čəda gʷədiɬ tiʔiɬ haʔɬ čusəd kʷi gʷədsč’istxʷ well well
yəw’il gʷə=ʔaciɬtabixʷ čəda gʷə=diɬ if SBJ=people 1SG.COORD SBJ=FOC kʷi
gʷə=d–sč’istxʷ
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO–husband
tiʔiɬ haʔɬ good
DIST
čusəd star
‘ “Well, if they are people then I will have that one good star as my husband.” ’ 403 cut tsiʔiɬ ʔiɬluƛ’ cut say
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old
‘The older woman speaks.’
Dora Solomon
263
404 huy cutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔiɬt’isuʔ huy SCONJ
cut=axʷ say=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔiɬ–t’isuʔ PRTV–younger
‘Then the younger one says,’ 405 ʔuˑ, yəw’il gʷətəɬ ʔaciɬtabixʷ ʔu
yəw’il gʷə=təɬ if SBJ=truly
INTJ
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “Oh, if they really are people,’ 406 gʷəl diɬ tiʔiɬ gʷəl
diɬ
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
FOC
DIST
‘ “And it is that one.” ’ 407 gʷəl diɬ tiʔiɬ x̌ʷiqʷəq’ʷ čusəd kʷi gʷədsč’istxʷ gʷəl
diɬ
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
FOC
DIST
x̌ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ čusəd colour–white star
kʷi
gʷə=d–sč’istxʷ
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO–husband
‘ “And it is that white star that will be my husband.” ’ 408 diɬəxʷ sč’istxʷəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ tuʔəƛ’, tuxʷit’ilcut, tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il tuxʷit’ilcut, tiʔəʔ x̌ʷiqʷəq’ʷ čusəd diɬ=axʷ sč’istxʷ=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ FOC=now husband=now PR PROX:FEM
tu=ʔəƛ’
tu=xʷit’il–t–sut
PAST=come
PAST=descend–ICS–REFL
tsiʔəʔ cisxʷixʷt’il tu=xʷit’il–t–sut tiʔəʔ x̌ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ PROX:FEM Cisxwixwt’il PAST=descend–ICS–REFL PROX colour–white čusəd star
‘It is the white star who was the husband of the one who came, the one who came down, Cisxwixwt’il who came down.’ 409 diɬ bad ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb, tiʔiɬ x̌ʷiqʷəq’ʷ sčusəd diɬ FOC
bad father
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
sɬukʷalb tiʔiɬ moon DIST
x̌ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ colour–white
‘It is he who is the father of Moon, the white star.’
sčusəd star
264
Star Child
410 diɬəxʷ dəxʷəsaydigʷədəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ stab kʷi sdaʔs ʔə tiʔəʔ like tiʔəʔ dxʷləbiʔ, stab kʷi sdaʔs tudiʔ sbadbadil tul’ʔal kʷi sdᶻixʷ tushuyutid ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ ʔi sɬukʷalb diɬ=axʷ FOC=now stab what
dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–d•igʷəd=axʷ ADNM=STAT–known–ICS•inside.body=now
kʷi REM
sdaʔ–s ʔə tiʔəʔ name–3PO PR PROX
ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ PR PROX people
like tiʔəʔ dxʷləbiʔ stab like PROX Lummi what
sdaʔ–s tudiʔ sbad–badil name–3PO DIST.DMA DSTR–mountain
kʷi REM
tul’–ʔal
kʷi
s=dzixʷ
CNTRFG–at
REM
NM=first
tu=s=huyu–t–id ʔə sp’ic’ikʷ PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS.SBRD PR Diaper.Child
ʔi CONJ
sɬukʷalb moon
‘That is how they know the names of the people like the Lummi and all the names of the mountains there because of what Diaper Child and Moon did.’ 411 tuhuyəxʷ tiʔəʔ syayus əlgʷəʔ tu=huyu=axʷ PAST=made=now
tiʔəʔ s=yayus=s əlgʷəʔ PROX NM=work=3PO PL
‘Their work was done.’ 412 gʷəl tucutəb ʔə sɬukʷalb tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl
tu=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PAST=say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
sɬukʷalb moon
tiʔəʔ PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘The Moon spoke to his younger brother,’ 413 ɬuʔabyidəxʷ čəɬ kʷi səliʔ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=ʔab–yi–t=axʷ čəɬ IRR=extend–DAT–ICS=now 1PL.SUB
kʷi
s=həliʔ
tiʔəʔ
REM
NM=alive
PROX
‘ “Now we will give life to the land.” ’ 414 tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsəliʔs tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX country
gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=həli=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=NM=alive=3PO
‘The country was not alive.’
swatixʷtəd country
Dora Solomon
265
415 xʷiʔ gʷəɬukʷaɬs xʷiʔ
gʷə=ɬukʷaɬ–s
NEG
SBJ=sun–3PO
‘It didn’t have a sun.’ 416 huy tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ huy SCONJ
tu=cut=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say=now PROX
‘Then he said.’ 417 tuwiliq’ʷidəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ PAST=ask–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He asked his younger brother,’ 418 čad kʷ(i) adsgʷaʔ čad kʷi where REM
ad–sgʷaʔ 2SG.PO–ones.own
‘ “Where is yours?’ 419 diɬ ʔu kʷi səɬax̌il diɬ
ʔu
kʷi
FOC
INT
REM
sləɬax̌il evening
‘ “Is it the evening?’ 420 diɬ ʔu kʷi sləx̌il diɬ
ʔu
kʷi
FOC
INT
REM
sləx̌il daylight
‘ “Is it the dawn?” ’ 421 tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=cut=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say=now PROX
‘Diaper Child spoke,’
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
266
Star Child
422 ʔuˑ, diɬ kʷi səɬax̌il kʷi dsx̌aƛ’ ʔu
diɬ
kʷi
INTJ
FOC
REM
sləɬax̌il evening
kʷi
d=s=x̌aƛ’ 1SG.PO=NM=desire
REM
‘ “Oh, the evening is the one I desire.” ’ 423 tuʔəƛ’axʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=ʔəƛ’a=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=come.to=now PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child came.’ 424 x̌ʷuˑl’ hiqiqəb tuqʷiq’ʷ x̌ʷul’ hiq–iqəb tu=qʷiq’ʷ only DIM.EFF–desire PAST=strong
‘He just wanted it to be strong.’ 425 hiqiqəb tasləx̌ tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd hiq–iqəb DIM.EFF–desire
tu=ʔas–ləx̌ PAST=STAT–light
tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX country
‘He wanted a strong light in the world.’ 426 tuʔəƛ’axʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tu=ʔəƛ’a=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=come.to=now PROX
sɬukʷalb moon
‘The Moon came then.’ 427 gʷəl hiqiqəb tut’əs gʷəl
hiq–iqəb
tu=t’əs
SCONJ
DIM.EFF–desire
PAST=cold
‘And he wants cold.’ 428 tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tu=cut=axʷ PAST=say=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘The Moon spoke,’
sɬukʷalb moon
Dora Solomon
267
429 ʔuˑ, ɬuʔay’waʔs čəɬ tiʔəʔ ʔu
ɬu=ʔaq’•waʔs IRR=change•pair
INTJ
čəɬ tiʔəʔ 1PL.SUB PROX
‘ “I will trade.’ 430 ɬuʔəƛ’ čəxʷ ʔal kʷi sləx̌il čəda ɬuʔəƛ’ ʔal kʷi səɬax̌il ɬu=ʔəƛ’ čəxʷ ʔal IRR=come 2SG.SUB at
kʷi
sləx̌il dawn
REM
čəda 1SG.COORD
ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come
ʔal kʷi at REM
sləɬax̌il evening
‘ “You will come at dawn and I will come in the evening.” ’ 431 They changed right there 432 Sun rise in the morning, the sun 433 The sɬukʷalb comes in the night and that was just right for the earth 9 434 They give life to the earth, the sun and the moon 435 tucuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=cut–c=axʷ PAST=say–ALTV=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘He said to his younger brother.’ 436 tiʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ sdaʔ čəɬ, sɬukʷalb ʔi tiʔəʔ ɬukʷaɬ tiʔəʔ
tiʔəʔ
PROX
PROX
sdaʔ name
čəɬ 1PL.PO
sɬukʷalb moon
ʔi
tiʔəʔ
CONJ
PROX
‘ “Those, those will be our names, Moon and Sun.’ 437 diɬ sdaʔ čəɬ diɬ FOC
sdaʔ name
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “That is how we will be named.” ’
9
sɬukʷalb ‘moon’.
ɬukʷaɬ sun
268
Star Child
438 tuhuyəxʷ tiʔiɬ syayus əlgʷəʔ tu=huyu=axʷ PAST=made=now
tiʔiɬ
s=yayus=s əlgʷəʔ NM=work=3PO PL
DIST
‘They did their work.’ 439 And they went up 440 diɬ šac’s ʔu tiʔiɬ syəyəhub diɬ
s=šac’=s
ʔu
tiʔiɬ
FOC
NM=finished=3PO
INT
DIST
VH: ‘Is that the end of the story?’ 441 haʔɬ syəyəhub tiʔiɬ haʔɬ good
syəyəhub legend
tiʔiɬ DIST
DS: ‘It is a good story.’
syəyəhub legend
3 Mary Sampson Willup c. 1880–1966
Mary (Moore Sampson) Willup berry picking with her daughter Alvina in mountains near Concrete, c. 1930. Courtesy of Swinomish Tribal Archive
Mary Moore Sampson Willup was born around 1880 in the Skagit Valley to Jim and Jennie Moore and grew up near Bow Hill, Washington. She married James Sampson and together they had seven children. Following James’ death in 1929, Mary wed Patrick Willup of Swinomish. Mary was one of the most accomplished basket makers at Swinomish during the twentieth century, and by the 1950s one of the few left who knew how and where to gather materials, and then process them, for basket making. She painstakingly took over a month to weave each of her exquisite creations, and upon her passing in 1966 there was no one at Swinomish who could match her level of expertise. The Willup family were close friends of the Hilberts, and Vi Hilbert remembered her Aunt Mary as an excellent storyteller with an infectious laugh. She was a member of the Shaker Church and was recorded by both Vivian Williams and Leon Metcalf singing Shaker and Spirit Power songs. – Theresa L. Trebon Records Manager – Tribal Archivist Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
270
Star Child
Star Child
as told by Mary Sampson Willup1
1
ʔəsɬaɬlil tsiʔiɬ k’aʔk’aʔ, ʔalš ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs ʔas–ɬaɬlil STAT–live
tsiʔiɬ
k’aʔk’aʔ crow
DIST:FEM
ʔalš cross.sex.sibling
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘Crow, the sister of Raven, lives there.’ 2
gʷəl ʔəbsbədaʔ, ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ baby gʷəl
ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ
SCONJ
STAT–PROP–offspring
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
baby baby
‘And she has a baby.’ 3
gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷat ʔəsʔaladᶻlyid gʷəl SCONJ
xʷiʔ gʷat who
NEG
ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔl–yi–t STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS
‘But there is no one to babysit for her.’ 4
ləcuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ləcu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ CONT–hunt
‘She forages,’ 5
ləcuč’aʔəd tiʔəʔ sʔəɬəd ləcu–č’aʔ–t CONT–dug.up–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
sʔəɬəd food
‘She digs roots for food.’ 6
huy tučəɬəxʷ ʔaladᶻɬəd ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ … huy SCONJ
tu=čəɬ=axʷ ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ–t PAST=make=now care.for•child–ICS
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘Then she made a babysitter out of ...’
Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 60A), 8 May 1954, with Mary Willup, a speaker of the Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.
1
Mary Sampson Willup
7
271
tučəɬəxʷ ʔaladᶻɬəd [tul’ʔal] tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’uluˑƛ’ ƛ’uqʷɬayʔ ƛ’asɬaq’ tu=čəɬ=axʷ ʔaladᶻ•iʔɬ–t tul’–ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’u=luƛ’ PAST=make=now care.for•child–ICS CNTRFG–at PROX here HAB=old ƛ’u=qʷɬayʔ HAB=log
ƛ’u=ʔas–ɬaq’a HAB=STAT–fallen
‘She made a babysitter out of this old log that was lying there.’ 8
ƛ’asp’q’adᶻəbəxʷ ƛ’u=ʔas–p’q’adᶻ–b=axʷ HAB=STAT–rotten.wood–MD=now
‘It was a rotten log.’ 9
ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔiɬ qʷɬayʔ ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
tiʔiɬ
qʷɬayʔ log
DIST
‘She goes up to that log.’ 10
gʷəl t’x̌abid gʷəl
t’x̌abid step.over
SCONJ
‘And steps over it.’ 11
buusaɬ kʷi st’x̌abids buus•aɬ four•CLS
kʷi
s=t’x̌abid=s
REM
NM=step.over=3PO
‘Four times she steps over it.’ 12
gʷəl huyil ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷəl SCONJ
huyu–il made–INCH
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
‘And it becomes a person.’ 13
gʷəl diɬəxʷ ʔəsʔaladᶻlyidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bədaʔs gʷəl
diɬ=axʷ
ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔl–yi–t=axʷ
SCONJ
FOC=now
STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS=now
ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PR PROX here
272
Star Child
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
‘And that is the babysitter for her baby.’ 14
ʔa tiʔəʔ suʔibəšs, suxʷiʔxʷiʔs ʔa be.there
tiʔəʔ PROX
s=ʔu–ʔibəš=s NM=PFV–travel=3PO
s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ=s NM=PFV–hunt=3PO
‘There she is walking about, foraging.’ 15
gʷəl tudxʷdigʷid tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ ʔəsʔaladᶻlyid gʷəl
tu=dxʷ–digʷi–t
tsiʔiɬ
SCONJ
PAST=CTD–advise–ICS
DIST:FEM
luƛ’ old
ʔas–ʔaladᶻ•iʔl–yi–t STAT–care.for•child–DAT–ICS
‘And she advised that old woman who babysat for her.’ 16
xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsudaʔad ʔə kʷi stubš t(i) adʔibac xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=ʔu–daʔa–t ʔə 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–named–ICS PR
kʷi REM
stubš man
ti SPEC
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “Do not refer to your grandson as a male.’ 17
gʷəʔa kʷi gʷələgʷaxʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ čxʷa gʷələqbid čxʷa gʷəkʷədyitəb čxʷa gʷəɬik’ʷtxʷyitəb gʷə=ʔa kʷi gʷə=lə=gʷaxʷ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ čxʷa gʷə=ləq–bi–t SBJ=be.there REM SBJ=PROG=walk PL–woman 2SG.COORD SBJ=listen–MAP–ICS čxʷa 2SG.COORD
gʷə=kʷəda–yi–t–b SBJ=taken–DAT–ICS–PASS
čxʷa 2SG.COORD
gʷə=ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–yi–t–b SBJ=hooked–ECS–DAT–ICS–PASS
‘ “There might be women walking about and you could be overheard and he could be grabbed him from you and kidnapped from you.’ 18
x̌ʷul’ sɬadəyʔlucidbid čəxʷ kʷ(i) adsuhaʔləd ɬux̌aabəs x̌ʷul’ only
sɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
čəxʷ kʷi 2SG.SUB REM
ad=s=ʔu–haʔl–t 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–good–ICS
ɬu=x̌aab=as IRR=cry=3SBRD
‘ “Just address him as a female when you comfort him when he cries.” ’
Mary Sampson Willup
19
273
xʷiʔ ləhaʔkʷ ti səslax̌ ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ xʷiʔ
lə=haʔkʷ
ti
s=ʔas–lax̌
NEG
NEGP=long.time
SPEC
NM=STAT–remember
ʔə tsiʔiɬ luƛ’ PR DIST:FEM old
‘That old woman does not remember for long.’ 20
gʷəl lədaʔadəxʷ tiʔiɬ ʔə kʷi stubš gʷəl
lə=daʔa–t=axʷ
SCONJ
PROG=named–ICS=now DIST
tiʔiɬ
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
stubš man
‘And she refers to him as a male.’ 21
ləqdubəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ləgʷax̌ʷ ləq–dxʷ–b=axʷ listen–DC–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
lə=gʷax̌ʷ
PROX
PL–woman
PROG=walk
‘She is heard by these women who are walking about.’ 22
hədʔiw’cəbəxʷ hədʔiw’–c–b=axʷ indoors–ALTV–PASS=now
‘They come into the house to her.’ 23
gʷəl tiləbəxʷ ʔukʷədyitəb ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔibacs gʷəl SCONJ
tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
ʔu–kʷəda–yi–t–b PFV–taken–DAT–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO
‘And right away they grabbed her grandson from her.’ 24
bədaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ bədaʔ offspring
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘He is the child of Crow.’ 25
gʷəl ɬik’ʷtub gʷəl SCONJ
ɬik’ʷ–txʷ–b hooked–ECS–PASS
‘And he is kidnapped.’
k’aʔk’aʔ crow
tiʔiɬ DIST
274
26
Star Child
ʔux̌ʷtubəxʷ dxʷq’xʷulgʷədxʷ dəxʷʔasəxʷ ƛ’ax̌ʷtubəxʷ tiʔiɬ baby ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now
dxʷ–q’xʷ•ulgʷədxʷ
dəxʷ=ʔa=s=axʷ
CNTRPT–upriver•land
ADNM=be.there=3PO=now
ƛ’ax̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ grow–ECS–PASS=now
tiʔiɬ
baby baby
DIST
‘The baby is taken to a place upstream where he is brought up.’ 27
gʷəl luƛ’il ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ q’xʷulgʷədxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
luƛ’–il old–INCH
ʔə tiʔ–iʔiɬ PR PL–DIST
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ ʔal at
PL–woman
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
q’xʷ•ulgʷədxʷ upstream•land
‘And he grows up with those women at that remote place upstream.’ 28
gʷəl ƛ’udigʷitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tiʔiɬ gʷəl
ƛ’u=digʷi–t–b
SCONJ
HAB=advise–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
tiʔiɬ
PROX
PL–woman
DIST
‘And these women would advise him.’ 29
xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsuʔibəš dxʷʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ adsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ tatačulbixʷ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=ʔu–ʔibəš dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel CNTRPT–downstream•land
ad=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔə PR
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
‘ “Do not travel in the area downstream when you hunt big game.’ 30
xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsuʔibəš xʷiʔ kʷi NEG
REM
ad=s=ʔu–ʔibəš 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel
‘ “Do not travel there.’ 31
x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ diʔəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ kʷ(i) adsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ only 2SG.SUB
diʔəʔ here
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ
kʷi
PROX
REM
ad=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt
‘ “You just (stay around) here when you hunt.” ’
tiʔəʔ PROX
Mary Sampson Willup
32
275
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ləʔahil tiʔiɬ x̌əč ʔə tiʔiɬ stubš x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
lə=ʔa–il
tiʔiɬ
PROG=be.there–INCH
DIST
x̌əč mind
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
stubš man
‘(The idea) enters the mind of that man.’ 33
gʷəl dxʷscutəbəxʷ gʷəl
dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–say–DSD=now
‘And he thinks.’ 34
ƛ’ubəxʷ čəd ɬudxʷsaydxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now
čəd 1SG.SUB
ɬu=dxʷs–hay–dxʷ IRR=CTD–known–DC
‘ “I should find out.’ 35
ʔuˑ, ʔəsʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷx̌aʔx̌aʔtubs ʔə tiʔiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ gʷədsuʔibəš dxʷʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ dsuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ʔu
ʔas–ʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=x̌aʔx̌aʔ–txʷ–b=s STAT–what.happen PTCL DIST ADNM=taboo–ECS–PASS=3PO
INTJ
ʔə PR
tiʔ–iʔiɬ PL–DIST
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ gʷə=d=s=ʔu–ʔibəš dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ ʔə PL–woman SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel CNTRPT–downstream•land PR tiʔiɬ DIST
d=s=ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ 1SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt
‘ “Oh, why is my travel downstream when I hunt prohibited by those women?” ’ 36
huy, ʔibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘So he travels.’ 37
ʔibəšəxʷ ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘He travels.’
276
38
Star Child
ʔəsʔəx̌id kʷi sʔibəšs dxʷʔaɬx̌adulgʷədxʷ ʔas–ʔəx̌id STAT–what.happen
kʷi
s=ʔibəš=s
dxʷ–ʔaɬx̌ad•ulgʷədxʷ
REM
NM=travel=3PO
CNTRPT–downstream•land
‘How far does he travel into the area downstream?’ 39
tiləbəxʷ ʔuləqdxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ləcuƛ’əladiʔ tiləb=axʷ ʔu–ləq–dxʷ tiʔəʔ immediately=now PFV–listen–DC PROX
diʔəʔ here
ləcu–ƛ’əladiʔ CONT–make.noise
‘Suddenly he hears this sound.’ 40
həʔi, həʔi, həʔi ‘ “Oh, oh, oh.” ’
41
ʔuʔəƛ’axʷ dᶻəɬ ti dqa tə dəxʷʔəƛ’ ʔə ti sq’aƛ’[əb] ʔu–ʔəƛ’=axʷ PFV–come=now ti SPEC
dᶻəɬ
ti
PTCL
SPEC
d–qa 1SG.PO–older.brother
tə
dəxʷ=ʔəƛ’
NSPEC
ADNM=come
sq’aƛ’əb be.cloudy
‘ “My older brother must have come now which is why the clouds have come.” ’ 42
həʔi həʔi hey
‘ “Oh.” ’ 43
kiisəxʷ kiis=axʷ stand=now
‘He stands.’ 44
gʷəl ləqəladiʔbid gʷəl SCONJ
ləq•əl•adiʔ–bi–t listen•CNN•ear–MAP–ICS
‘And he hears it.’
ʔə PR
Mary Sampson Willup
45
277
laʔədəxʷ čad tiʔiɬ sʔa ʔə tiʔiɬ ləcuƛ’əladiʔ laʔ–t=axʷ localize–ICS=now
čad tiʔiɬ s=ʔa ʔə where DIST NM=be.there PR
tiʔiɬ
ləcu–ƛ’əladiʔ
DIST
CONT–make.noise
‘He locates where it is that the sound was.’ 46
huy ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
‘Then he goes to it.’ 47
ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
‘He goes up to it.’ 48
ʔəsč’ədᶻəd tiʔiɬ dxʷʔal sɬčis, dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ dəxʷʔas ʔas–č’ədᶻ–t STAT–sneak–ICS
tiʔiɬ
dxʷ–ʔal
s=ɬčil–s=s
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔiɬ
DIST
CNTRPT–at
NM=arrive–ALTV=3PO
CNTRPT–at
DIST
dəxʷ=ʔa=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘He sneaks up on it until he reaches it where it is.’ 49
tiʔiɬ little boy tiʔiɬ DIST
little little
boy boy
‘It is a little boy.’ 50
put hikʷ tiʔəʔ k’tuʔs put really
hikʷ big
tiʔəʔ PROX
k’tuʔ–s belly–3PO
‘His belly is really big.’ 51
put saʔ ʔəxʷč’asusəxʷ put saʔ ʔas–dxʷ–č’as•us=axʷ really bad STAT–CTD–dirty•face=now
‘The face is really bad and dirty.’
278
52
Star Child
putəxʷ ʔəsbəc’bəc’ulbalus put=axʷ really=now
ʔas–bəc’–bəc’ulb•alus STAT–DSTR–pus•eye
‘The eyes are all filled with pus.’ 53
ɬčisəxʷ tiʔiɬ ləcucutcut ɬčil–s=axʷ tiʔiɬ arrive–ALTV=now DIST
ləcu–cut–cut CONT–DSTR–say
‘He reaches that one who is talking.’ 54
gʷəl ləwiliq’ʷid gʷəl
lə=wiliq’ʷi–t
SCONJ
PROG=ask–ICS
‘And he asks him.’ 55
ləcuʔidigʷat čəxʷ ləcu–ʔidigʷat CONT–say.what
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “What are you saying?” ’ 56
tiləbəxʷ ʔucut tiʔiɬ tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
ʔu–cut
tiʔiɬ
PFV–say
DIST
‘Right away he said.’ 57
ʔuˑ, tukʷədatəb k’ʷəɬ ʔə kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ tul’q’xʷulgʷədxʷ tiʔiɬ tudsqa ʔu
tu=kʷəda–t–b k’ʷəɬ PAST=taken–ICS–PASS QTV
INTJ
ʔə kʷi sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PR REM PL–woman
tul’–q’xʷ•ulgʷədxʷ
tiʔiɬ
tu=d–sqa
CNTRFG–upstream•land
DIST
PAST=1SG.PO–older.brother
‘ “Oh, they say that my older brother was taken by women from an area upriver.’ 58
gʷəl tusqadaʔs gʷəl
tu=s=qadaʔ=s
SCONJ
PAST=NM=steal=3PO
‘ “Thus was he stolen.’
Mary Sampson Willup
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279
gʷəl tuʔux̌ʷtxʷ gʷəl
tu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ
SCONJ
PAST=go–ECS
‘ “And they took him.’ 60
gʷəl diɬ tiʔəʔ cəxʷux̌aab gʷəl
diɬ
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
FOC
PROX
d=dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌aab 1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–cry
‘ “And that is why I am crying.” ’ 61
tiləb ʔucutəb ʔə tiʔiɬ tiləb immediately
ʔu–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘Right away he is answered by him (the hunter).’ 62
hiwisəbəxʷ hiwil–s–b=axʷ go.ahead–ALTV–PASS=now
‘He goes right up to him.’ 63
gʷəl ləcutəb ʔə tiʔiɬ gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘And he (the hunter) says to him,’ 64
ʔəca x̌ʷuʔələʔ tiʔiɬ adəxʷudxʷʔəhadəd ʔəca x̌ʷuʔələʔ I maybe
tiʔiɬ DIST
ad=dəxʷ=ʔu–dxʷʔəhad–t 2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–talk–ICS
‘ “I am, perhaps, the one you are talking about.’ 65
sɬəɬadəyʔ tiʔiɬ ʔatubš ʔal tiʔiɬ q’xʷulgədxʷ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔa–txʷ–bš be.there–ECS–1SG.OBJ
ʔal at
‘ “Those who took me upriver are women.” ’
tiʔiɬ DIST
q’xʷulgədxʷ upstream
280
66
Star Child
tiləbəxʷ ʔuhiwis tiʔiɬ tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
ʔu–hiwil–s
tiʔiɬ
PFV–go.ahead–ALTV
DIST
‘Right away he goes up to him (the boy).’ 67
gʷəl tašadəxʷ, gʷəl tašadəxʷ, gʷəl tašadəxʷ, gʷəl tašadəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
taša–t=axʷ gʷəl taša–t=axʷ gʷəl taša–t=axʷ gʷəl stroke–ICS=now SCONJ stroke–ICS=now SCONJ stroke–ICS=now SCONJ
taša–t=axʷ stroke–ICS=now
‘And he strokes him, and strokes him, and strokes him, and strokes him.’ 68
gʷəl tašadəxʷ tiʔəʔ sʔacus ʔə tiʔiɬ gʷəl SCONJ
taša–t=axʷ stroke–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ
s=ʔac•us
PROX
NM=centre•face
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘And he strokes the face of that [boy].’ 69
qʷibid qʷibi–t prepared–ICS
‘He fixes him up.’ 70
qʷibidəxʷ gʷəl haʔɬil qʷibi–t=axʷ prepared–ICS=now
gʷəl SCONJ
haʔɬ–il good–INCH
‘He fixes him and he became whole.’ 71
tiləbəxʷ ʔucuucəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
ʔu–cut–c–b PFV–say–ALTV–PASS
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘Right away he was spoken to by him (the hunter).’ 72
ɬuʔəƛ’ čəd ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I will come.’
diʔəʔ here
Mary Sampson Willup
73
281
ɬuʔəƛ’axʷ čəd dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ kʷ(i) adəxʷʔa ʔaciɬtabixʷ ɬu=ʔəƛ’=axʷ čəd dxʷ–ʔal IRR=come=now 1SG.SUB CNTRPT–at
tiʔiɬ
kʷi
DIST
REM
ad=dəxʷ=ʔa 2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘ “I will come to the place where your people are.’ 74
ɬuʔəƛ’axʷ čəd ɬu=ʔəƛ’=axʷ IRR=come=now
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I will come.’ 75
gʷəl ɬuʔəbsxʷiʔxʷiʔ čəd ʔə kʷi hiˑkʷ tatačulbixʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬu=ʔas–bəs–sxʷiʔxʷiʔ IRR=STAT–PROP–game
čəd ʔə 1SG.SUB PR
kʷi
hikʷ tatačulbixʷ big big.game.animal
REM
‘ “And I will have as my game a very large animal.’ 76
gʷəl ʔabil’əxʷ ʔa kʷi sɬəɬadəyʔ two girls ʔal kʷ(i) adəxʷʔa gʷəl SCONJ
ʔabil’=axʷ ʔa kʷi perhaps=now be.there REM
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
two two
girls girls
ʔal at
kʷi REM
ad=dəxʷ=ʔa 2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
‘ “And if there are women, two girls, at your place.’ 77
gʷəl ʔabil’əxʷ ɬučəbaʔtxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ dsxʷiʔxʷiʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔabil’=axʷ perhaps=now
ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ
əlgʷəʔ
tiʔəʔ
IRR=backpack–ECS
PL
PROX
d=sxʷiʔxʷiʔ 1SG.PO–game
‘ “And perhaps they can pack my game on their backs.’ 78
gʷəl diɬ ɬučəgʷas tiʔiɬ ɬučəbaʔtxʷ tiʔiɬ gʷəl
diɬ
ɬu=čəgʷas
tiʔiɬ
ɬu=čəbaʔ–txʷ
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
FOC
IRR=wife
DIST
IRR=backpack–ECS
DIST
‘ “And the one who can backpack it will be (my) wife.” ’ 79
tiləbəxʷ ʔuhuyucut tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ k’ʷak’ʷt’ad ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ waw’lis tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
ʔu–huyu–t–sut
tsiʔəʔ
PFV–made–ICS–REFL
PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ k’ʷa–k’ʷt’ad ʔi here ATTN–mouse CONJ
282
Star Child
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
wa–w’lis ATTN–frog
‘Right away Little Mouse and Frog get ready.’ 80
tsiʔəʔ ƛ’ugreen tə ƛ’ustababacs waw’lis ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ƛ’uk’ʷak’ʷt’ad x̌əɬ ti ƛ’ux̌ʷiqʷac gʷəɬ tiʔəʔ woods tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ƛ’u=green HAB=green
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
gʷəɬ
tiʔəʔ
ASSC
PROX
tə
ƛ’u=s=tab•abac=s
wa–w’lis
ʔi
NSPEC
HAB=NM=do•body=3PO
ATTN–frog
CONJ
ƛ’u=k’ʷa–k’ʷt’ad HAB=ATTN–mouse
x̌əɬ‿ti seemingly
ƛ’u=x̌ʷi–qʷac HAB=color–light.green
woods woods
‘The colour of Frog would be this green and Little Mouse, she is like the pale green of the woods.’ 81
šušɬbitəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ ɬuʔaɬx̌adəs šu–šɬ–bi–t–b=axʷ tiʔiɬ ATTN–see–MAP–ICS–PASS=now DIST
ɬu=ʔaɬx̌ad=as IRR=downstream=3SBRD
‘They watch for him to come downstream.’ 82
ʔaɬx̌ad dəxʷʔahiləxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ [s]ləx̌ils ʔaɬx̌ad downstream
dəxʷ=ʔa–il=axʷ ʔə ADNM=be.there–INCH=now PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
s=ləx̌–il=s NM=light–INCH=3PO
‘It is downstream where it becomes light.’ 83
gʷəl ʔaɬx̌ad gʷəl SCONJ
ʔaɬx̌ad downstream
‘And he comes downstream.’ 84
tiləbəxʷ ʔuk’ʷit’ tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tiləb=axʷ ʔu–k’ʷit’ immediately=now PFV–shoreward
tiʔəʔ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
PROX
PL–woman
‘Right away these women (Frog and Little Mouse) go down to the water.’
Mary Sampson Willup
85
283
kʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ k’ʷak’ʷt’ad tiʔiɬ biac kʷəda–t–b=axʷ taken–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ
k’ʷa–k’ʷt’ad
tiʔiɬ
PROX:FEM
ATTN–mouse
DIST
biac meat
‘Little Mouse grabs this meat.’ 86
gʷəl x̌ʷ[al’] tučəbaʔəd gʷəl
x̌ʷal’ tu=čəbaʔ–t fail PAST=backpack–ICS
SCONJ
‘And she fails to backpack it.’ 87
xʷiʔ gʷəsčəbaʔtxʷs xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=čəbaʔ–txʷ=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=backpack–ECS=3PO
‘She cannot get it onto her back.’ 88
diɬiɬəxʷ tsiʔəʔ waw’lis tiʔəʔ ʔučəbaʔəd tiʔiɬ diɬ–iɬ=axʷ tsiʔəʔ INTNS–FOC=now PROX:FEM
wa–w’lis
tiʔəʔ
ʔu–čəbaʔ–t
tiʔiɬ
ATTN–frog
PROX
PFV–backpack–ICS
DIST
‘Little Frog is the one who backpacks it.’ 89
gʷəl čubəstxʷ2 gʷəl SCONJ
čubə–stxʷ go.inland–ECS
‘And she took it up the bank.’ 90
diɬəxʷ dəxʷdiɬs ʔukʷədxʷ tiʔəʔ stubš, dəxʷʔas ʔal tudiʔ sɬukʷalb diɬ=axʷ FOC=now ʔal at
dəxʷ=diɬ=s
ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ tiʔəʔ
ADNM=FOC=3PO
PFV–taken–DC
tudiʔ DIST.DMA
PROX
stubš man
dəxʷ=ʔa=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
sɬukʷalb moon
‘That is why she is the one who got this man, why she is there on yonder moon.’
The form čubəstxʷ is an archaic variant of čubətxʷ.
2
284
91
Star Child
ʔəshuygʷəsəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔas–huyu•gʷəs=axʷ STAT–made•pair=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘She is married to him.’ 92
tsiʔiɬ waw’lis tuləskʷədxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cədiɬ suq’ʷaʔs tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
wa–w’lis
tu=ləs–kʷəda–dxʷ
tiʔəʔ
ATTN–frog
PAST=PROG.STAT–taken–DC
PROX
diʔəʔ cədiɬ here s/he
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘The one who managed to get his younger brother was that Little Frog.’ 93
tuƛ’ip’id, tuƛ’ip’id, tuƛ’ip’id tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ ʔudaw’ tu=ƛ’ip’i–t PAST=squeeze–ICS
tu=ƛ’ip’i–t
tu=ƛ’ip’i–t
PAST=squeeze–ICS
PAST=squeeze–ICS
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔudaw’ fat
‘He squeezed it, he squeezed it, he squeezed it, this fat.’ 94
tuhigʷil tu=hikʷ–il PAST=big–INCH
‘It got big.’ 95
hay gʷəl tucuuc tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs hay
gʷəl
tu=cut–c
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=say–ALTV
PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘So then he told his younger brother.’ 96
x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬ[ul]aʔ dxʷʔal ʔalʔal čxʷa ɬux̌ix̌ilix̌txʷ kʷi stawixʷəʔɬ x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬu=ɬaʔ dxʷ–ʔal ʔalʔal only 2SG.SUB IRR=arrive CNTRPT–at house kʷi REM
čxʷa ɬu=x̌i–x̌ilix̌–txʷ 2SG.COORD IRR=ATTN–battle–ECS
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘ “When you reach the house, you will compete with the children.’
Mary Sampson Willup
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285
ɬuʔukʷukʷtxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ ɬu=ʔukʷukʷ–txʷ IRR=play–ECS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘ “You will have them play with this.” ’ 98
ɬčiləxʷ tiʔiɬ ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘He (the child) arrived.’ 99
gʷəl gʷaagʷəd gʷəl SCONJ
gʷaagʷəd converse
‘And he converses.’ 100 gʷəl cut gʷəl SCONJ
cut say
‘He says.’ 101 dsəsʔabyitəb ʔə tiʔiɬ dsqa tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cəxʷx̌ix̌ilix̌txʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷəʔɬ d=s=ʔas–ʔab–yi–t–b ʔə 1SG.PO=NM=STAT–extend–DAT–ICS–PASS PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
diʔəʔ d=dəxʷ=x̌i–x̌ilix̌–txʷ tiʔəʔ here 1SG.PO=ADNM=ATTN–battle–ECS PROX
d–sqa tiʔəʔ 1SG.PO–older.brother PROX diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ here children
‘ “My older brother has given me this so I can compete with the children.” ’ 102 tiləb ʔuʔəƛ’ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tiləb ʔu–ʔəƛ’ immediately PFV–come
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘Right away Raven comes.’ 103 hay gʷəl tucutəxʷ tiʔiɬ hay
gʷəl
tu=cut=axʷ
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=say=now
DIST
‘And then he (the hunter) spoke.’
286
Star Child
104 cuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now
tiʔəʔ
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
PROX
‘He said to his younger brother,’ 105 ɬuyayusəxʷ čəɬ ʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=yayus=axʷ IRR=work=now
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd land
‘ “Now we shall work in this world.’ 106 ɬuʔibəšəxʷ čəɬ ɬu=ʔibəš=axʷ čəɬ IRR=travel=now 1PL.SUB
‘ “We will travel.’ 107 ʔəca kʷi ɬuʔibəš ʔə tiʔəʔ dxʷcqʷuɬ [čəda] ɬušuuc tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔəca I
kʷi
ɬu=ʔibəš ʔə tiʔəʔ IRR=travel PR PROX
REM
tiʔəʔ PROX
dxʷcqʷuɬ čəda ɬu=šuɬ–c daytime 1SG.COORD IRR=see–ALTV
swatixʷtəd land
‘ “I will be the one who will travel during the day and I will look at this world.’ 108 gʷəl dəgʷi kʷi ɬuʔibəš ʔə kʷi ɬax̌ gʷəl SCONJ
dəgʷi you
kʷi REM
ɬu=ʔibəš ʔə IRR=travel PR
kʷi REM
ɬax̌ dark
‘ “And you will be the one who will travel at night.” ’ 109 tiʔəʔəxʷ sɬukʷalb ʔi tiʔəʔ ɬukʷaɬ tiʔəʔ=axʷ PROX=now
sɬukʷalb moon
ʔi
tiʔəʔ
CONJ
PROX
‘They are the moon and the sun.’ 110 ʔux̌ʷ tiʔiɬ ʔiɬluƛ’ ʔux̌ʷ tiʔiɬ go DIST
ʔiɬ–luƛ’ PRTV–old
‘That older one goes.’
ɬukʷaɬ sun
Mary Sampson Willup
287
111 ʔibəš ʔibəš travel
‘He travels.’ 112 xʷiʔ gʷəsəšqil ʔə ɬukʷaɬ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔas–šq–il
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–high–INCH
ʔə PR
ɬukʷaɬ sun
‘The sun cannot rise high.’ 113 gʷəl xʷiʔəxʷ ləlil gʷəl hud tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl
xʷiʔ=axʷ
lə=lil
SCONJ
NEG=now
NEGP=far SCONJ
gʷəl
hud burn
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd land
‘And the world almost burns up.’ 114 hay, x̌ʷul’ ʔuɬax̌il hay SCONJ
x̌ʷul’ only
ʔu–ɬax̌–il PFV–dark–INCH
‘So, night just comes.’ 115 gʷəl cuuc tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl SCONJ
cut–c say–ALTV
tiʔəʔ PROX
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘And (the hunter) says to his younger brother,’ 116 ƛ’ub dəgʷi kʷi ɬuləʔibəš ʔə kʷi dxʷcqʷuɬ ƛ’ub well
dəgʷi kʷi you REM
ɬu=lə=ʔibəš IRR=PROG=travel
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
dxʷcqʷuɬ daytime
‘ “You should be the one to travel during the day.’ 117 gʷəl ʔəca kʷi ɬuləʔibəš ʔə kʷi ɬax̌ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔəca kʷi I REM
ɬu=lə=ʔibəš IRR=PROG=travel
ʔə PR
‘ “And I will be the one to travel at night.” ’
kʷi REM
ɬax̌ dark
288
Star Child
118 šuhu dəxʷdiɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb tə ləʔibəš ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, ʔə tiʔəʔəxʷ dxʷcqʷuɬ šuɬ see
dəxʷ=diɬ=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
ADNM=FOC=now
PROX
diʔəʔ here
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ=axʷ PROX=now
sɬukʷalb moon
tə
lə=ʔibəš
NSPEC
PROG=travel
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
dxʷcqʷuɬ daytime
‘So do you see? That is why it’s the moon who travels, and this (other) one in the daytime now.’ 119 sp’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔs sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
tə NSPEC
sdaʔ–s name–3PO
‘Diaper Child is his name.’ 120 sp’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ Diaper.Child NSPEC name
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
diʔəʔ ʔə here PR
tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb moon
PROX
‘His, the moon’s, name is Diaper Child.’ 121 yəx̌i tučagʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ k’aʔk’aʔ yəx̌i because
tu=čaʔkʷ=axʷ
tsiʔəʔ
PAST=seaward=now
PROX:FEM
k’aʔk’aʔ crow
‘Because Crow had gone down to the water.’ 122 xʷiʔəxʷ tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
tiʔəʔ tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO
PROX
‘Her child was gone.’ 123 ʔuɬik’ʷtəb ʔə kʷi tul’q’xʷulgʷədxʷ ʔu–ɬik’ʷ–t–b ʔə PFV–hooked–ICS–PASS PR
kʷi
tul’–q’x•ulgʷədxʷ
REM
CNTRFG–upstream•land
‘He has been kidnapped by those from the upriver area.’ 124 huy x̌aabəxʷ huy SCONJ
x̌aab=axʷ cry=now
‘Then she weeps.’
Mary Sampson Willup
289
125 kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ ciʔikʷiʔɬs kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ
ciʔikʷ•iʔɬ–s diaper•child–3PO
PROX
‘She has taken his diaper.’ 126 k’ʷit’ dxʷʔal tudiʔ stuləkʷ k’ʷit’ shoreward
dxʷ–ʔal
tudiʔ
CNTRPT–at
DIST.DMA
stuləkʷ river
‘She has gone down to the river over there.’ 127 diɬiɬ sux̌aabs diɬ–iɬ s=ʔu–x̌aab=s INTNS–FOC NM=PFV–cry=3PO
‘As she cries.’ 128 gʷəl ləcup’ic’id gʷəl
ləcu–p’ic’i–t
SCONJ
CONT–squeeze–ICS
‘She is wringing it out.’ 129 həʔi, həʔi, həʔi, ‘ “Oh, oh, oh.’ 130 ʔəsʔistaʔtxʷ čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ ti ciʔikʷ ʔə ti siʔab dbədaʔ ʔas–ʔistaʔ–txʷ čəd ʔə tiʔəʔ ti ciʔikʷ STAT–be.like–ECS 1SG.SUB PR PROX SPEC diaper
ʔə PR
ti SPEC
siʔab noble
d–bədaʔ 1SG.PO–offspring
‘ “This is what I do with the diaper of my noble son.” ’ 131 x̌ʷul’ ʔubuusaɬil tiʔiɬ shuyuds, [s]p’ic’ids tiʔəʔ ciʔikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bədaʔs x̌ʷul’ only
ʔu–buus•aɬ–il
tiʔiɬ
s=huyu–t=s
PFV–four•CLS–INCH
DIST
NM=made–ICS=3PO NM=wrung–ICS=3PO
tiʔəʔ PROX
ciʔikʷ diaper
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
s=p’ic’i–t=s
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
‘Just four times she does that, wrings out the diaper of her son.’
290
Star Child
132 gʷəl ləgʷč’iq’əd gʷəl
lə=gʷə=č’iq’–t
SCONJ
PROG=SBJ=cry–ICS
‘And it cries out.’ 133 huyil ʔaciɬtabixʷ huyu–il made–INCH
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘It becomes a person.’ 134 dəxʷdiɬsəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ dəxʷ=diɬ=s=axʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ADNM=FOC=3PO=now PROX here
sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ moon Diaper.Child
‘That is why Diaper Child is the one who is the moon.’ 135 sp’ic’ikʷ tiʔəʔ sɬukʷalb sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
tiʔəʔ PROX
sɬukʷalb moon
‘The moon is Diaper Child.’ 136 ɬukʷaɬ … ɬukʷaɬ sun
‘The sun ...’ 137 dəxʷx̌ʷul’s ʔuhuy tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=x̌ʷul’=s s=ʔu–huyu=s tiʔiɬ ADNM=only=3PO NM=PFV–made=3PO DIST
‘That is just how that was done.’ 138 gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sqas gʷəl SCONJ
cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And his older brother says,’
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
Mary Sampson Willup
291
139 ɬuʔibəšəxʷ čəɬ [čɬa] ɬuyayus ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ɬu=ʔibəš=axʷ čəɬ IRR=travel=now 1PL.SUB
čɬa ɬu=yayus 1PL.COORD IRR=work
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd land
‘ “We will travel and we will work on this world.” ’ 140 ʔibəšəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ scuts, sʔibəšs ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
s=cut=s
s=ʔibəš=s
DIST
NM=say=3PO
NM=travel=3PO
‘They travel as he spoke, as they travel.’ 141 xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaɬ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬaʔ
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–arrive
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaɬ sun
DIST
‘The sun does not reach.’ 142 gʷəl x̌əɬ tuhud tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl SCONJ
x̌əɬ tu=hud seemingly PAST=burn
tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd PROX land
‘And the land almost burned up.’ 143 huy ʔay’gʷastəgʷələxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔay’•gʷas–t–əgʷəl=axʷ change•pair–ICS–RCP=now
‘Then they change with each other.’ 144 dəxʷdiɬsəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tə ləʔibəš ʔə tə dxʷcqʷuɬ dəxʷ=diɬ=s=axʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tə lə=ʔibəš ʔə ADNM=FOC=3PO=now PROX here Diaper.Child NSPEC PROG=travel PR tə NSPEC
dxʷcqʷuɬ daytime
‘That is why it is Diaper Child who travels in the daytime.’ 145 gʷəl diɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ɬukʷaɬ tə ləʔibəš ʔal tə ɬax̌ gʷəl
diɬ
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
FOC
PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘And the sun travels at night.’
ɬukʷaɬ sun
tə
lə=ʔibəš
NSPEC
PROG=travel
ʔal at
tə NSPEC
ɬax̌ dark
292
Star Child
146 hay, diɬəxʷ šac’əxʷ hay SCONJ
diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
‘So that is the end.’
šac’=axʷ end=now
4 Harry Moses c. 1906–54
Harry Moses was a resident of the Upper Skagit River area, well known for his sense of humour and abilities as a storyteller. The father of a large family, he provided for them in the traditional way, hunting and fishing to keep food on the table. He and his wife, Jessie, were prominent members of the community and active in the Shaker Church. Vi Hilbert remembered them as happy people who helped friends and family bear the burdens of life with their words and stories, and helped out in times of trouble.
Biographical material drawn from Hilbert 1985 and an interview with Vi Hilbert by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).
294
Star Child
Star Child
as told by Harry Moses1
1
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ diič’uʔ sɬadəyʔ tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
diič’uʔ one:HMN
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘There is this one woman.’ 2
tasɬaɬlil tu=ʔas–ɬaɬlil PAST=STAT–live
‘She dwelled there.’ 3
gʷəl tabsbibədaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ stutubš gʷəl
tu=ʔas–bəs–bi–bədaʔ
SCONJ
PAST=STAT–PROP–ATTN–offspring
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
stu–tubš
PROX
ATTN–man
‘And she had a little boy.’ 4
tasx̌ix̌əq tu=ʔas–x̌i–x̌q PAST=STAT–ATTN–wrapped
‘He was swaddled.’ 5
syəyəhub syəyəhub legend
‘It is a traditional story.’ 6
gʷəl ʔa tsiʔəʔ kiaʔs gʷəl SCONJ
ʔa be.there
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
kiaʔ–s grandmother–3PO
‘And his grandmother is there.’ 1
Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 32A), 28 November 1952, with Harry Moses, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect. at Marblemount, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. A preliminary version of the analysis presented here was published as part of Beck and Hess 2010.
Harry Moses
7
295
ƛ’asʔaldᶻiʔɬtxʷ ʔəsʔibəšəs gʷəč’aɬdalbəs ʔə kʷi stəb gʷəsuʔəɬəds əlgʷəʔ, kʷi suciqʷs, sugʷəč’əds kʷi sq’ʷəlaɬəd ƛ’u=ʔas–ʔaldᶻ•iʔɬ–txʷ ʔas–ʔibəš=as HAB=STAT–care.for•child–ECS STAT–travel=3SBRD ʔə PR
kʷi REM
stəb what
gʷə=č’aɬdal–b=as SBJ=forage–CSMD=3SBRD
gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd=s
əlgʷəʔ kʷi
SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
s=ʔu–ciqʷ=s NM=PFV–dig.roots=3PO
REM
s=ʔu–gʷəč’–t=s NM=PFV–search–ICS=3PO
kʷi REM
sq’ʷəlaɬəd berry
‘She always babysits when (the mother) foraged for what they ate, when she went root-digging, looking for berries.’ 8
gʷəl ƛ’uʔa tsiʔəʔ kiʔs ƛ’uʔal ʔalʔal gʷəl
ƛ’u=ʔa
tsiʔəʔ
SCONJ
HAB=be.there
PROX:FEM
kiaʔ–s grandmother–3PO
ƛ’u=ʔal HAB=at
ʔalʔal house
‘And his grandmother is always there in the house.’ 9
ƛ’asx̌iid tiʔəʔ bibədaʔs ʔəsx̌ix̌əq ƛ’u=ʔas–x̌ii–t HAB=STAT–catch.on–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
bi–bədaʔ–s ATTN–offspring–3PO
ʔas–x̌i–x̌q STAT–ATTN–wrapped
‘She takes care of her little child who is swaddled.’ 10
ƛ’ast’agʷtxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ dᶻakʷtəd ƛ’u=ʔas–t’agʷt–txʷ HAB=STAT–on.top–ECS
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
dᶻakʷa–təd shake–IMPL
‘She always has him up in a rocker.’ 11
gʷəl ƛ’udᶻakʷatəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ ʔibacs gʷəl
ƛ’u=dᶻakʷa–t–b
SCONJ
HAB=shake–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
tiʔəʔ ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO
PROX
‘And the grandson is always being rocked by the old woman.’ 12
gʷəl tucutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, ʔə tsiʔəʔ bədaʔs gʷəl SCONJ
tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
‘And her daughter said to her.’
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
296
13
Star Child
xʷiʔ kʷi ɬadstubšlucidbid tiʔəʔ adʔibac xʷiʔ
kʷi
ɬu=ad=s=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t
tiʔəʔ
NEG
REM
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
PROX
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “You will not address your grandson as a male.’ 14
x̌ʷul’ čəxʷ ɬuɬadəyʔlucidbid x̌ʷul’ only
čəxʷ ɬu=ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t 2SG.SUB IRR=woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
‘ “You will just speak to him as female.” ’ 15
[ʔə]x̌id dxʷʔal kʷi gʷəskʷədyitid ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəstubšəs, ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔibacs ʔəx̌id dxʷ–ʔal kʷi gʷə=s=kʷəda–yi–t–id ʔə what.happen CNTRPT–at REM SBJ=NM=taken–DAT–ICS–PASS:sbrd PR diʔəʔ gʷə=stubš=as here SBJ=man=3SBRD
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ stubš ʔə tiʔəʔ man PR PROX
PROX
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO
‘Because he might be taken since he is male, if her grandchild is male.’ 16
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷəscuucs tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔas–cut–c=s here ADNM=STAT–say–ALTV=3PO
‘This is why she is told,’ 17
ƛ’ub x̌ʷul’ ɬusɬadəyʔ ƛ’ub well
x̌ʷul’ ɬu=sɬadəyʔ only IRR=woman
‘He should just be (referred to as) female.’ 18
gʷəl ck’ʷaˑqid ƛ’aslax̌dub ʔə tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ tucuucid ʔə tsiʔəʔ bədaʔs gʷəl SCONJ
ck’ʷaqid ƛ’u=ʔas–lax̌–dxʷ–b always HAB=STAT–remember–DC–PASS
tu=cut–c–id PAST=say–ALTV–PASS.SBRD
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ PROX:FEM old PROX
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
‘And always this old woman would remember what her daughter had told her.’
Harry Moses
19
297
x̌ʷul’ ƛ’uɬadəyʔlucidbid tiʔəʔ ʔibacs x̌aabəs x̌ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=ɬadəyʔ•l•ucid–bi–t
tiʔəʔ
HAB=woman•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS
PROX
ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO
‘She would only sing female lullabies to her son when he cries.’ 20
x̌ʷubil tsi cəxʷstudəq x̌ʷubil tsi d=dəxʷ=studəq quiet SPEC:FEM 1SG.PO=ADNM=slave
‘ “Be still, my little pet!’ 21
x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet
‘ “Be still!’ 22
xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsux̌aab xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=ʔu–x̌aab 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–cry
‘ “Don’t cry!” ’ 23
diɬəxʷ kʷi sbaliics diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
kʷi
s=bali–c=s
REM
NM=be.forgetful–ALTV=3PO
‘Then she forgets.’ 24
gʷəl bəlayucid gʷəl SCONJ
bəl•ay•ucid forget•CNN•mouth
‘And she misspeaks.’ 25
gʷəl cut ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
cut say
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘And she says this,’
diʔəʔ here
x̌aab=as cry=3SBRD
298
26
Star Child
x̌ʷubil cəxʷstudəq, x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet
d=dəxʷ=studəq x̌ʷubil 1SG.PO=ADNM=slave quiet
‘ “Be still, my pet, be still!” ’ 27
gʷəl ʔahəxʷ tiʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ləqaladibid gʷəl SCONJ
ʔa=axʷ tiʔəʔ be.there=now PROX
səsaʔliʔ two:HMN
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
ləq•al•adiʔ–bi–t listen•CNN•ear–MAP–ICS
PL–woman
‘And there are two women who hear it.’ 28
ʔəsləqəd tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔas–ləq–t tiʔəʔ STAT–listen–ICS PROX
diʔəʔ here
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
‘They hear this old woman.’ 29
x̌ʷul’ ʔəxʷsaydubəb ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ gʷəstabəs, gʷəstubšəs tiʔəʔ ʔəsx̌ix̌əq č’ač’as ʔal tiʔəʔ skəkiʔ x̌ʷul’ ʔas–dxʷs–hay–dxʷ–b–ab ʔə tiʔəʔ only STAT–CTD–known–DC–PASS–DSD PR PROX
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
gʷə=stab=as
gʷə=stubš=as
tiʔəʔ
ʔas–x̌i–x̌q
SBJ=what=3SBRD
SBJ=man=3SBRD
PROX
STAT–ATTN–wrapped
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
č’ač’as child
skəkiʔ cradleboard
‘The women want to know what it is, if the child swaddled in the cradleboard is male.’ 30
kʷədiʔ
ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ
kʷədiʔ ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ REM:DMA go–ALTV–PASS=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ ʔə old PR
‘These women approach the old woman there.’ 31
gʷəl cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
cut–t–b ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR
‘And they say,’
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
tiʔəʔ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
PROX
PL–woman
Harry Moses
32
299
ʔəƛ’txʷ ʔəƛ’–txʷ come–ECS
‘ “Bring it!’ 33
ʔəƛ’txʷ tadiʔ ʔibac ʔəƛ’–txʷ come–ECS
tadiʔ DIST:DMA
ʔibac grandchild
‘ “Bring that grandchild!’ 34
ʔušuuc čəɬ ʔu–šuɬ–c PFV–see–ALTV
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We (will) look at it.” ’ 35
kʷədatəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as kʷəda–t–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ taken–ICS–PASS=now PROX
diʔəʔ here
č’ač’as child
‘The child is taken.’ 36
gʷəl gʷəx̌abactəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ gʷəl SCONJ
gʷəx̌a•abac–t–b=axʷ untied•body–ICS–PASS=now
‘And these women unwrap his body.’ 37
q’ay šudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ q’ay ??
šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ see–DC=now PL
‘They see him.’ 38
stubš stubš man
‘He is male.’
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
PROX
PL–woman
300
39
Star Child
kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They take him.’ 40
gʷəl lild tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ skəkiʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as gʷəl SCONJ
lil–t far–ICS
tul’–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
CNTRFG–at
PROX
skəkiʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as cradleboard PROX here child
‘They remove this boy from the cradleboard.’ 41
gʷəl lild əlgʷəʔ gʷəl
lil–t far–ICS
SCONJ
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They remove him.’ 42
kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ p’q’ac kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ
diʔəʔ here
PROX
p’q’ac rotten.wood
‘They take rotten wood.’ 43
gʷəl x̌əqəd ʔal tiʔəʔ skəkiʔ gʷəl SCONJ
x̌q–t wrapped–ICS
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
skəkiʔ cradleboard
‘And they bind it in the cradleboard.’ 44
x̌qabacəd x̌q•abac–t wrapped•body–ICS
‘They wrap it.’ 45
t’agʷtəd ʔal tiʔəʔ dᶻakʷtəd t’agʷt–t on.top–ICS
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
dᶻakʷa–təd shake–IMPL
‘They place it up in the rocker.’ 46
gʷəl ʔabyid tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ tiʔəʔ dəxʷudᶻakʷads tiʔəʔ ʔibacs gʷəl SCONJ
ʔab–yi–t extend–DAT–ICS
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
luƛ’ old
tiʔəʔ
dəxʷ=ʔu–dᶻakʷa–t=s
PROX
ADNM=PFV–shake–ICS=3PO
Harry Moses
301
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO
‘And they give (it) to this old woman so she can rock her grandson.’ 47
ʔa tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ ƛ’asgʷədil ʔa be.there
tsiʔəʔ luƛ’ PROX:FEM old
ƛ’u=ʔas–gʷəd–il HAB=STAT–down–INCH
‘The old woman sits there.’ 48
ʔuʔitut tiʔəʔ ʔibacs ʔu–ʔitut PFV–sleep
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔibac–s grandchild–3PO
‘Her grandson is asleep.’ 49
xʷiʔəxʷ gʷəsx̌aabs dxʷʔaˑl sɬčil ʔə tsiʔəʔ bədaʔs xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
gʷə=s=x̌aab=s
dxʷ–ʔal
SBJ=NM=cry=3PO
CNTRPT–at NM=arrive
s=ɬčil
ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM
bədaʔ–s offspring–3PO
‘He doesn’t cry until her daughter arrives.’ 50
gʷəl ɬčil tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔəbsbədaʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬčil arrive
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ woman
ʔas–bəs–bədaʔ STAT–PROP–child
‘And the woman who has a child arrives.’ 51
gʷəl ləkʷədad tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ skəkiʔ gʷəl
lə=kʷəda–t
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PROG=taken–ICS
PROX
‘And she takes the cradleboard.’ 52
basdukʷəxʷ bə=ʔas–dukʷu=axʷ ADD=STAT–abnormal=now
‘Something is wrong.’
diʔəʔ skəkiʔ here cradleboard
302
53
Star Child
p’q’adᶻəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔəxʷx̌qabac p’q’adᶻ=axʷ tiʔəʔ ʔas–dxʷ–x̌q•abac rotten.wood=now PROX STAT–CTD–wrapped•body
‘What is wrapped up in it is a rotten log.’ 54
cuucəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kiaʔs cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
kiaʔ–s grandmother–3PO
‘She speaks to his grandmother.’ 55
xʷiʔ ʔu gʷuɬčisbicid xʷiʔ
ʔu
NEG
INT
gʷə=ʔu–ɬčil–s–bicid SBJ=PFV–arrive–ALTV–2SG.OBJ
‘ “Did (someone) not approach you?” ’ 56
ʔi, ʔuɬčisəb čəd ʔə ti səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ ʔi
ʔu–ɬčil–s–b čəd ʔə PFV–arrive–ALTV–PASS 1SG.SUB PR
INTJ
ti SPEC
səsaʔliʔ two:HMN
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
‘ “Yes, two women came to me.” ’ 57
gʷəl ƛ’ucuucbicid čəd, xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adstubšlucidbid tiʔiɬ adʔibac gʷəl
ƛ’u=cut–c–bicid
SCONJ
HAB=say–ALTV–2SG.OBJ
čəd xʷiʔ 1SG.SUB NEG
ad=s=tubš•l•ucid–bi–t tiʔiɬ 2SG.PO=NM=man•CNN•mouth–MAP–ICS DIST
kʷi REM
ad–ʔibac 2SG.PO–grandchild
‘ “But I would tell you, ‘Don’t sing a boy’s lullaby to your grandson.’ ’ 58
xʷiʔtubəxʷ xʷiʔ–txʷ–b=axʷ NEG–ECS–PASS=now
‘ “Now he’s gone.’ 59
sdukʷəxʷ p’q’ac tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔəskʷədad čəxʷ s=dukʷu=axʷ p’q’ac tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔas–kʷəda–t NM=abnormal=now rotten.wood PROX here STAT–taken–ICS
‘ “What you are holding is worthless, rotten wood.” ’
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
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60
303
diɬəxʷ sx̌aab ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔusaxʷəbitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs diɬ=axʷ s=x̌aab ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔu–saxʷəb–bi–t–b ʔə FOC=now NM=cry PR PROX:FEM woman PFV–jump–MAP–ICS–PASS PR tiʔəʔ PROX
tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO
‘That is why this woman whose son was run away with cries.’ 61
kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tucəcikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
tu=cəcikʷ PAST=diaper
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO
PROX
‘She took the diaper of her son.’ 62
gʷəl ʔux̌ʷtxʷ dxʷčaʔkʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ dxʷ–čaʔkʷ go–ECS CNTRPT–seaward
‘And she takes it down to the water.’ 63
gʷəl c’agʷad gʷəl SCONJ
c’aʔkʷa–t washed–ICS
‘And she washes it.’ 64
ləcux̌aab ləcu–x̌aab CONT–cry
‘She is crying.’ 65
c’agʷadəxʷ tiʔəʔ tucəcikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ tubədaʔs ʔal tiʔəʔ qʷuʔ, stuləkʷ c’aʔkʷa–t=axʷ tiʔəʔ washed–ICS=now PROX tiʔəʔ PROX
tu=cəcikʷ PAST=diaper
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
tu=bədaʔ–s PAST=offspring–3PO
qʷuʔ stuləkʷ water river
‘She washed the diaper of her son in the water, the river.’
ʔal at
304
66
Star Child
kʷədadəxʷ gʷəl p’ic’id kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
gʷəl
p’ic’i–t wrung–ICS
SCONJ
‘She takes it and wrings it out.’ 67
x̌ʷul’ buusaɬ kʷi sp’ic’ids x̌ʷul’ only
buus•aɬ four•CLS
kʷi
s=p’ic’i–t=s
REM
NM=wrung–ICS=3PO
‘Just four times she wrung it out.’ 68
gʷəl gʷəč’iq’əd gʷəl
gʷə=č’iq’əd
SCONJ
SBJ=scream
‘And it cried out loudly.’ 69
ƛ’al’ bastubš sqaqagʷəɬ ʔə kʷi shuys ƛ’al’ also
bə=ʔas–tubš ADD=STAT–man
sqaqagʷəɬ young.noble
ʔə PR
kʷi
s=huyu=s
REM
NM=made=3PO
‘Another noble son is made.’ 70
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔukʷədxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bəčəɬs bədaʔ tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ tuscəcikʷ ʔup’ic’id x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ tiʔəʔ PFV–taken–DC
tul’–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRFG–at PROX
PROX
diʔəʔ here
bə=čəɬ=s ADD=make=3PO
tu=scəcikʷ
ʔu–p’ic’i–t
PAST=diaper
PFV–wrung–ICS
bədaʔ offspring
‘She takes this child made from the wrung-out diaper.’ 71
gʷəl daʔad tiʔəʔ bibədaʔs ʔə kʷi sp’ip’ic’ikʷ gʷəl SCONJ
daʔa–t named–ICS
tiʔəʔ
bi–bədaʔ–s
PROX
ATTN–offspring–3PO
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child
‘And she named this little child Little Diaper Child.’2
2
The name sp’ip’ic’ikʷ is a diminutive reduplication of sp’ic’ikʷ ‘wrung out (p’ic’i) shirt (•ikʷ)’.
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305
[s]p’ip’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ bibədaʔs sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ tə sdaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ATTN–Diaper.Child NSPEC name PR PROX
bi–bədaʔ–s ATTN–offspring–3PO
‘Little Diaper Child is the name of her little child.’ 73
tuʔaˑ tiʔəʔ stubš tukʷədabitəb ʔə tiʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=ʔa PAST=be.there
tiʔəʔ PROX
stubš man
tu=kʷəda–bi–t–b ʔə PAST=taken–MAP–ICS–PASS PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
‘This male who was captured by these two women was there.’ 74
gʷəl luƛ’il gʷəl SCONJ
luƛ’–il old–INCH
‘And he grows up.’ 75
luƛ’il gʷəl ƛ’utuləxʷiʔxʷiʔ luƛ’–il gʷəl old–INCH SCONJ
ƛ’u=tu=lə=xʷiʔxʷiʔ HAB=PAST=PROG=hunt
‘He grows up and he would hunt.’ 76
ƛ’uʔušayil ƛ’u=ʔu–šayil HAB=PFV–hunt
‘He would hunt.’ 77
ʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔal ti sbadil ʔux̌ʷ go
dxʷ–ʔal
ti
CNTRPT–at
SPEC
sbadil mountain
‘He would go towards the mountains.’ 78
gʷəl ʔušayil gʷəl
ʔu–šayil
SCONJ
PFV–hunt
‘And he hunts.’
səsaʔliʔ two:HMN
306
79
Star Child
ʔuxʷiʔxʷiʔ ck’ʷaqid ʔu–xʷiʔxʷiʔ PFV–hunt
ck’ʷaqid always
‘Always he hunts.’ 80
bək’ʷ sləx̌il ʔal kʷi sluƛ’ils bək’ʷ sləx̌–il all daylight–INCH
ʔal at
kʷi
s=luƛ’–il=s
REM
NM=old–INCH=3PO
‘Every day as he grows.’ 81
tucutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
‘These women told him.’ 82
x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬadsʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ɬu=ad=s=ʔux̌ʷ dxʷ–ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ taboo REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=go CNTRPT–be.like•land
‘ “It is forbidden that you go in this direction.’ 83
yəx̌i x̌aʔx̌aʔ kʷi ʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ gʷəʔux̌ʷəxʷ yəx̌i because
x̌aʔx̌aʔ taboo
kʷi REM
ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ gʷə=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ be.like•land SBJ=go=2SG.SBRD
‘ “Because that area is forbidden for you to go.” ’ 84
gʷəl luƛ’il stubš gʷəl SCONJ
luƛ’–il stubš old–INCH man
‘And he grows to manhood.’ 85
gʷəl cut ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
cut ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ say PR PROX here
‘And he says,’
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86
307
ʔəsʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ ƛ’udsəsqəldub ʔə tiʔiɬ cəxʷʔacəc sɬəɬadəyʔ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷədsʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ gʷəšayiləd ʔas–ʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ STAT–what.happen PTCL DIST d=dəxʷ=ʔacəc 1SG.PO=ADNM=be.in.place gʷə=d=s=ʔux̌ʷ SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=go
ƛ’u=d=s=ʔas–qəl–dxʷ–b IRR=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–bad–DC–PASS
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ
dxʷ–ʔal
kʷi
PL–woman
CNTRPT–at
REM
ʔə tiʔiɬ PR DIST
dxʷ–ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ
gʷə=šayil=ad
CNTRPT–be.like•land
SBJ=hunt=1SG.SBRD
‘ “Why am I restricted by these women where I am from going in this direction when I hunt in the mountains?” ’ 87
gʷəl ʔaləxʷ bəsʔux̌ʷs bəšayils gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal=axʷ at=now
bə=s=ʔux̌åʷ=s ADD=NM=go=3PO
bə=s=šayil=s ADD=NM=hunt=3PO
‘And when he goes hunting in the high country again,’ 88
gʷəl [dxʷs]cutəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
dxʷ–cut–ab ʔə CTD–say–DSD PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘He thinks like this,’ 89
ƛ’ubəxʷ čəd ʔuʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔistaʔulgʷədxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now
čəd ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ 1SG.SUB PFV–go
dxʷ–ʔistaʔ•ulgʷədxʷ CNTRPT–be.like•land
‘ “I should go in this direction.” ’ 90
ʔəxʷsaydxʷəb stab əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷəsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔəds əlgʷəʔ gʷələcuʔux̌ʷəs dxʷʔistəʔulgʷədxʷ gʷələcugʷəč’əd kʷi tatačulbixʷ ʔas–dxʷs–hay–dxʷ–ab stab əw’ə tiʔiɬ dəxʷ=ʔas–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t=s STAT–CTD–known–DC–DSD what PTCL DIST ADNM=STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS=3PO əlgʷəʔ gʷə=ləcu–ʔux̌ʷ=as dxʷ–ʔistəʔ•ulgʷədxʷ PL SBJ=CONT–go=3SBRD CNTRPT–be.like•land kʷi REM
gʷə=ləcu–gʷəč’–t SBJ=CONT–search–ICS
tatačulbixʷ big.game.animal
‘He wants to know what the reason is that they forbid him to go in this direction when he seeks game.’
308
91
Star Child
huy, tuʔibəš tiʔəʔ stubš huy SCONJ
tu=ʔibəš tiʔəʔ PAST=travel PROX
stubš man
‘So the man travelled.’ 92
tuluƛ’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ tu=luƛ’–il=axʷ PAST=old–INCH=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child had grown up.’ 93
tux̌ʷəxʷ tuscəcikʷs tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now
tu=scəcikʷ–s PAST=diaper–3PO
‘He was only a diaper.’ 94
luƛ’iləxʷ luƛ’–il=axʷ old–INCH=now
‘He grows up.’ 95
ƛ’uƛ’aƛ’čup ƛ’u=ƛ’a–ƛ’•čup HAB=DSTR–go•fire
‘He would fetch firewood.’ 96
ƛ’uʔuluɬ ƛ’u=ʔuluɬ HAB=travel.by.water
‘He would go by water.’ 97
ƛ’uq’iq’əlaʔkʷčup ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔacəc əlgʷəʔ ƛ’u=q’i–q’əl•aʔkʷ•čup ʔal HAB=ATTN–aboard•group•fire at
tiʔəʔ PROX
dəxʷ=ʔacəc ADNM=be.in.place
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘He would put the firewood on board bit by bit there where they were.’
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309
yəx̌i tashuyutəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ studəq ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs yəx̌i tu=ʔas–huyu–t–b=axʷ əlgʷəʔ studəq because PAST=STAT–made–ICS–PASS=now PL slave
ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs PR PROX raven
‘Because they had been made slaves of Raven.’ 99
tux̌ʷ tashuyutəbəxʷ čəgʷas tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sp’ic’ikʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tux̌ʷ just
tu=ʔas–huyu–t–b=axʷ PAST=STAT–made–ICS–PASS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
sp’ic’ikʷ Sp’its’ikw
ʔə PR
čəgʷas tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə wife PROX:FEM here mother PR tiʔəʔ
qaw’qs raven
PROX
‘However, the mother of Diaper Child had been taken as a wife by Raven.’ 100 gʷəl tuləshuyudəxʷ stətudəq tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ təlixʷ biʔbədaʔ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs gʷəl
tu=ləs–huyu–t=axʷ
stə–tudəq tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PAST=PROG.STAT–made–ICS=now
PL–slave
təlixʷ blood.brothers
biʔ–bədaʔ tiʔəʔ ATTN–offspring PROX
PROX
diʔəʔ səsaʔliʔ here two:HMN
qaw’qs raven
‘And Raven has made slaves of these two small brothers.’ 101 ƛ’uləq’iq’əlaʔkʷčup ƛ’u=lə=q’i–q’əl•aʔkʷ•čup HAB=PROG=ATTN–aboard•group•fire
‘He would put the firewood on board bit by bit.’ 102 ɬuʔux̌ʷ ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=go
‘He will go.’ 103 gʷəl ƛ’ulət’ut’c’il [ʔə]x̌id ʔəbsq’čic gʷəl
ƛ’u=lə=t’u–t’c’–il
SCONJ
HAB=PROG=ATTN–shot–INCH
ʔəx̌id what.happen
‘And he would shoot because he had a bow.’
ʔas–bəs–q’čic STAT–PROP–bow
310
Star Child
104 ʔaləxʷ sbuusaɬdatils kʷi suq’ilaʔkʷčups sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔal=axʷ at=now
s=buus•aɬ•dat–il=s
kʷi
s=ʔu–q’ili•aʔkʷ•čup=s
NM=four•times•day–INCH=3PO
REM
NM=PFV–aboard•group•fire=3PO
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’itsikw
‘It was on the fourth day that Little Diaper Child is loading firewood.’ 105 x̌ʷil’alcbid tiʔəʔ t’isəds ʔut’uc’ildxʷ x̌ʷil’•alc–bi–t lost•arm–MAP–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
t’isəd–s arrow–3PO
ʔu–t’uc’u–il–dxʷ PFV–shot–INCH–DC
‘He loses an arrow he has shot.’ 106 tugʷəč’əd tiʔəʔ t’isəds gʷəsuʔəy’dxʷs tu=gʷəč’–t tiʔəʔ PAST=search–ICS PROX
t’isəd–s arrow–3PO
gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəy’–dxʷ=s SBJ=NM=PFV–find–DC=3PO
‘He looked for his arrow in order to find it.’ 107 tugʷəč’əd tu=gʷəč’–t PAST=search–ICS
‘He looked for it.’ 108 ʔəšuuc ʔəsčal ti tusɬaq’s ʔas–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV
ʔas–čal ti STAT–how SPEC
tu=s=ɬaq’a=s PAST=NM=fallen=3PO
‘He has seen how it fell.’ 109 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsuʔəy’dxʷs gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəy’–dxʷ=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–find–DC=3PO
‘But he can’t find it.’ 110 diʔɬəxʷ kʷi šudxʷs tiʔəʔ stubš ʔəsgʷədil ʔal tiʔəʔ tudəxʷt’uc’ils, ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷt’uc’ils ʔə tiʔəʔ t’it’səds diʔɬ=axʷ kʷi s=šuɬ–dxʷ=s tiʔəʔ stubš suddenly=now REM NM=see–DC=3PO PROX man
ʔas–gʷəd–il ʔal STAT–down–INCH at
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tiʔəʔ tu=dəxʷ=t’uc’u–il=s ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷ=t’uc’u–il=s PROX PAST=ADNM=shot–INCH=3PO at PROX here ADNM=shot–INCH=3PO ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
t’i–t’səd–s ATTN–arrow–3PO
‘Suddenly he sees a man sitting where he had shot, where he had shot his arrow.’ 111 ciˑck’ʷ ʔəsgəqil stubš cick’ʷ ʔas–gəq–il very STAT–bright–INCH
stubš man
‘This man is shining very brightly.’ 112 xʷiʔ gʷəsušudxʷs xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–see–DC=3PO
‘He cannot look at him.’ 113 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš go–ALTV–PASS=now PR PROX man
‘And he was approached by this man.’ 114 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl SCONJ
cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
‘And he is spoken to.’ 115 xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsx̌əc xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=x̌əč 2SG.PO=NM=afraid
‘ “Don’t be afraid.’ 116 ɬuwiliq’ʷicid čəd dəbəɬ čəxʷ gʷat ɬu=wiliq’ʷi–t–sid IRR=ask–ICS–2SG.OBJ
čəd dəbəɬ čəxʷ 1SG.SUB belong.to.bloodline 2SG.SUB
‘ “I will ask you if you are the descendant of someone.’
gʷat who
312
Star Child
117 gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy, kʷ(i) adyəl’yəlab gʷat who
kʷi REM
sdaʔ name
ʔə PR
kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy REM:FEM 2SG.PO–mother
kʷi
ad–yəl’–yəlab 2SG.PO–DSTR–elder
REM
‘ “What is the name of your mother, your forebears?” ’ 118 yəcəbtxʷaxʷ tiʔəʔ stubš ʔə ti sdaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ yəc–b–txʷ=axʷ report–MD–ECS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
stubš man
ʔə PR
ti
sdaʔ name
SPEC
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘He tells the man her name.’ 119 gʷəl ʔəsdᶻaƛ’bid gʷat kʷi sdaʔ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ gʷəl
ʔas–dᶻaƛ’–bi–t
SCONJ
STAT–confused–MAP–ICS
gʷat who
kʷi REM
sdaʔ name
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘But he is confused about what this woman’s name is.’ 120 yəcəbtxʷəxʷ ʔəsčal kʷi dəxʷəshuys yəc–b–txʷ=axʷ report–MD–ECS=now
ʔas–čal
kʷi
dəxʷ=ʔas–huyu=s
STAT–how
REM
ADNM=STAT–made=3PO
‘He tells him how he had been made.’ 121 ƛ’udaʔatəb čəd ʔə tsi dsk’ʷuy ʔə kʷi sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b čəd HAB=named–ICS–PASS 1SG.SUB
ʔə PR
tsi SPEC:FEM
d–sk’ʷuy 1SG.PO–mother
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’itsikw
‘ “I am called Little Diaper Child by my mother.’ 122 yəx̌i ƛ’ucuucəbš ʔə kʷi dsqa tukʷədabyitəb ʔə kʷi səsaʔliʔ sɬəɬadəyʔ yəx̌i because
ƛ’u=cut–c–bš HAB=say–ALTV–1SG.OBJ
ʔə PR
tu=kʷəda–b–yi–t–b ʔə PAST=taken–MD–DAT–ICS–PASS PR
kʷi REM
kʷi REM
d–sqa 1SG.PO–older.brother səsaʔliʔ two:HMN
sɬə–ɬadəyʔ PL–woman
‘ “And she told me my older brother was captured by two women.’ 123 gʷəl tux̌ʷəxʷ tusp’ic’ikʷəxʷ čəd gʷəl SCONJ
tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now
tu=s=p’ic’•ikʷ=axʷ čəd PAST=NM=wrung•shirt=now 1SG.SUB
‘ “But I am only what was left from a wrung-out diaper.’
Harry Moses
313
124 tup’ic’ic tu=p’ic’i–t–s PAST=wrung–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “She wrung me out.’ 125 gʷəl tubəhuyil čəd č’ač’as dəxʷəbsdaʔtubšs ʔə kʷ(i) sp’ip’ic’ikʷ gʷəl
tu=bə=huyu–il
SCONJ
PAST=ADD=made–INCH
čəd 1SG.SUB
č’ač’as child
dəxʷ=ʔas–bəs–sdaʔ–txʷ–bš=s
ʔə PR
ADNM=STAT–PROP–name–ECS–1SG.OBJ=3PO
kʷi REM
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ Sp’ip’itsikw
‘ “And I was turned into a child so I have the name Little Wrung Out.” ’ 126 tiləbəxʷ ʔucut tiʔəʔ stubš tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
ʔu–cut
tiʔəʔ
PFV–say
PROX
stubš man
‘Right away this man says,’ 127 ʔəca! ʔəca t(i) adsqa ʔəca ʔəca I I
ti SPEC
ad–sqa 2SG.PO–older.brother
‘ “It is I! I am the one who is your older brother.’ 128 tukʷədabyitəb čəd tu=kʷəda–b–yi–t–b PAST=taken–MD–DAT–ICS–PASS
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I was captured.’ 129 gʷəl ʔal dsluƛ’il čəda ƛ’uləsx̌aʔx̌aʔx̌aʔtəb gʷuʔəƛ’a tə cəxʷʔəƛ’ čəda ʔəy’dubicid gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal at
d=s=luƛ’–il čəda 1SG.PO=NM=old–INCH 1SG.COORD
ƛ’u=ləs–x̌aʔ–x̌aʔx̌aʔ–t–b gʷə=ʔu–ʔəƛ’a tə HAB=PROG.STAT–DSTR–taboo–ICS–PASS SBJ=PFV–come.to NSPEC d=dəxʷ=ʔəƛ’ 1SG.PO=ADNM=come
čəda 1SG.COORD
ʔəy’–dxʷ–bicid find–DC–2SG.OBJ
‘ “And as I grew up, I was forbidden to come to where I came, so I found you.” ’
314
Star Child
130 kʷaxʷatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ sqas kʷaxʷa–t–b=axʷ help–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ sqa–s older.brother–3PO
PROX
‘His older brother helps him.’ 131 q’ilyitəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ hud q’ili–yi–t–b=axʷ ʔə aboard–DAT–ICS–PASS=now PR
tiʔəʔ
hud burn
PROX
‘He has the firewood put on board for him.’ 132 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl SCONJ
cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
‘And he says,’ 133 ɬut’uk’ʷ čəxʷ ɬu=t’uk’ʷ čəxʷ IRR=go.home 2SG.SUB
‘ “Go home.’ 134 ɬucuuc čəxʷ kʷs(i) adsk’ʷuy ɬuhaʔlidəs kʷədiʔ dəxʷʔas, dəxʷʔaləp ɬu=cut–c čəxʷ kʷsi ad–sk’ʷuy ɬu=haʔl–i–t=as IRR=speak–ALTV 2SG.SUB REM:FEM 2SG.PO–mother IRR=good–SS–ICS=3SBRD kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
dəxʷ=ʔa=s
dəxʷ=ʔa=lap
ADNM=be.there=3PO
ADNM=be.there=2PL.PO
‘ “You will tell your mother that she will make it nice there where you guys are.’ 135 ɬut’uk’ʷ čəd ɬu=t’uk’ʷ IRR=go.home
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I am coming home.” ’ 136 ƛ’uʔux̌ʷ [s]p’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔal [də]č’axʷdat ƛ’u=ʔux̌ʷ HAB=go
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child
ʔal at
dəč’axʷ•dat once•day
‘Little Diaper Child would go for one day.’
Harry Moses
315
137 gʷəl ƛ’ubəqahəxʷ kʷi huds gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=qa=axʷ
kʷi
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=many=now
REM
hud–s burn–3PO
‘He would have a lot of firewood.’ 138 qʷiq’ʷiləxʷ qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ strong–INCH=now
‘He becomes strong.’ 139 lələliʔil [s]p’ic’ikʷ lə=ləliʔ–il PROG=different–INCH
sp’ic’ikʷ Diaper.Child
‘Diaper Child is changing.’ 140 x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ x̌ʷul’ only
ʔaɬ fast
‘It is really fast.’ 141 cutəxʷ ti qaw’qs ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ cut=axʷ say=now
ti SPEC
qaw’qs raven
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘Raven says of him,’ 142 ƛ’uʔəx̌inəxʷ ti sp’ip’ic’ikʷ kʷi dəxʷqaʔils kʷi huds ƛ’u=ʔəx̌id=axʷ ti sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ kʷi dəxʷ=qaʔ–il=s HAB=what.happen=now SPEC ATTN–Diaper.Child REM ADNM=many–INCH=3PO kʷi REM
hud–s burn–3PO
‘ “What has happened to Little Diaper Child that his firewood has become so much?’ 143 qʷiq’ʷiləxʷ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ strong–INCH=now
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child
‘ “Little Diaper Child has become strong.” ’
316
Star Child
144 cutəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə sp’ip’ic’ikʷ tiʔəʔ qaw’qs cut–t–b ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy ʔə say–ICS–PASS PR PROX:FEM here mother PR tiʔəʔ PROX
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child
qaw’qs raven
‘Raven is told by Little Diaper Child’s mother,’ 145 ləqʷiq’ʷiləxʷ lə=qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ PROG=strong–INCH=now
‘ “He’s getting strong now.’ 146 ləluƛ’iləxʷ tə sʔušəbabdxʷ stutədəq lə=luƛ’–il=axʷ PROG=old–INCH=now
tə NSPEC
sʔušəbabdxʷ poor.guy
stu–tədəq ATTN–slave
‘ “The poor little slave is growing up.’ 147 ləqʷiq’ʷildubutəxʷ dəxʷukʷədads kʷi qa hud lə=qʷiq’ʷ–il–dxʷ–but=axʷ dəxʷ=ʔu–kʷəda–t=s kʷi qa hud PROG=strong–INCH–DC–REFL=now ADNM=PFV–taken–ICS=3PO REM many burn
‘ “He is strengthening himself so he can get lots of firewood.” ’ 148 bəʔux̌ʷ sləx̌iləs tiʔəʔ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔal sbuusaɬdalicuts bə=ʔux̌ʷ sləx̌–il=as ADD=go daylight–INCH=3SBRD
tiʔəʔ
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ
PROX
ATTN–Diaper.Child
ʔal at
s=buusaɬdalicut=s NM=fourth.day=3PO
‘When it’s daylight, Little Diaper Child goes again on the fourth day for him.’ 149 ʔal sbuusaɬdalicuts ʔal at
s=buusaɬdalicut=s NM=fourth.day=3PO
‘On the fourth day for him.’
Harry Moses
317
150 gʷəl ʔux̌ʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘And he goes.’ 151 q’ilagʷiləxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sqas q’ili–agʷil=axʷ aboard–AUTO=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
‘His older brother embarks.’ 152 qʷic əlgʷəʔ qʷic əlgʷəʔ go.downstream PL
‘They go downstream.’ 153 ʔux̌ʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys ʔux̌ʷ dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at go
tiʔəʔ
dəxʷ=ʔa
PROX
ADNM=be.there
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
‘They go to where their mother is.’ 154 ʔuˑ, tuləsləx̌ ʔu INTJ
tu=ləs–ləx̌ PAST=PROG.STAT–light
‘Oh, he was shining.’ 155 x̌ʷul’ ləq’algʷəs ʔə tudiʔ sɬukʷaɬ tiʔiɬ səshuy ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš ləsq’iltub ʔə tiʔəʔ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ x̌ʷul’ ləq’aɬ•gʷəs ʔə tudiʔ sɬukʷaɬ tiʔiɬ only be.in.right.place•pair PR DIST.DMA sun DIST tiʔəʔ PROX
stubš ləs–q’ili–txʷ–b ʔə tiʔəʔ man PROG.STAT–aboard–ECS–PASS PR PROX
s=ʔas–huyu NM=STAT–made
ʔə PR
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’its’ikw
‘What the man being taken in the canoe by Little Diaper Child has become is just on a par with the sun.’
318
Star Child
156 ləliʔ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ləliʔ different
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Diaper.Child
‘Little Diaper Child was different.’ 157 ƛ’al’ bələsgəqiləxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ səʔuluɬs əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔay’əds ƛ’al’ bə=ləs–gəq–il=axʷ ʔal also ADD=PROG.STAT–bright–INCH=now at
tiʔəʔ
diʔəʔ here
PROX
s=lə=ʔuluɬ=s əlgʷəʔ ʔə NM=PROG=travel.by.water=3PO PL PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔay’əd–s companion–3PO
‘He too is dazzling as he journeys by water with his companion.’ 158 gʷəl ɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬčil dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuy–s arrive CNTRPT–at PROX ADNM=be.there PR PROX:FEM mother–3PO
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘And they arrive there where their mother is.’ 159 tuʔahəxʷ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ ʔiʔabiləxʷ stubš tu=ʔa=axʷ sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ PAST=be.there=now ATTN–Diaper.Child
tu=ʔiʔab–il=axʷ PAST=noble–INCH=now
stubš man
‘Little Diaper Child was there now having become a noble man.’ 160 tuhu[y]huyucutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔi tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs tu=huy–huyu–t–sut=axʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔi tiʔəʔ PAST=DSTR–made–ICS–REFL=now PL CONJ PROX
diʔəʔ here
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘(The hunter) had prepared himself and his younger brother.’ 161 tiʔəʔ stubš gʷəl tucutəb tiʔəʔ PROX
stubš gʷəl tu=cut–t–b man SCONJ PAST=say–ICS–PASS
‘As for this man, it was said (by him),’
Harry Moses
319
162 ƛ’ub čəɬ ɬuhuyucutəxʷ ɬukʷaɬ ƛ’ub well
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ɬu=huyu–t–sut=axʷ IRR=made–ICS–REFL=now
ɬukʷaɬ sun
‘ “We should make ourselves the sun.” ’ 163 yəx̌i tut’əs swatixʷtəd ʔal kʷi tudiɬaɬ yəx̌i because
tu=t’əs PAST=cold
swatixʷtəd land
ʔal at
kʷi
tu=diɬ•aɬ
REM
PAST=FOC•CLS
‘Because the world was cold at that time.’ 164 tudəxʷuhuyucuts əlgʷəʔ tu=dəxʷ=ʔu–huyu–t–sut=s PAST=ADNM=PFV–made–ICS–REFL=3PO
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘That is why they made themselves (the sun).’ 165 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’ stubš tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now
tiʔəʔ
ʔiɬ–luƛ’
PROX
PRTV–old
stubš man
‘The older man went.’ 166 gʷəl tuhuyucut ɬukʷaɬ gʷəl
tu=huyu–t–sut
SCONJ
PAST=made–ICS–REFL
ɬukʷaɬ sun
‘And he made himself (into the) sun.’ 167 x̌ʷul’ tuləšqil x̌ʷul’ tu=lə=šq–il only PAST=PROG=high–INCH
‘He just rose up.’ 168 tuləʔəƛ’ tu=lə=ʔəƛ’ PAST=PROG=come
‘He was coming.’
320
Star Child
169 xʷiʔ ləlil gʷəl tuləhud tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd xʷiʔ
lə=lil
gʷəl
tu=lə=hud
tiʔəʔ
NEG
NEGP=far
SCONJ
PAST=PROG=burn
PROX
swatixʷtəd land
‘He was not far and the land was burning up.’ 170 hiʔab tudxʷsq’ʷəl hiʔab excessively
tu=dxʷs–q’ʷəl PAST=PROC–cooked
‘It was too hot.’ 171 gʷəl tuʔay’waʔscutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ suq’ʷaʔs gʷəl
tu=ʔay’•waʔs–t–sut=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=change•pair–ICS–REFL=now
əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
PL
suq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
‘And he changed (places) with his younger brother.’ 172 tucuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ susuq’ʷaʔs, sp’ip’ic’ikʷ tu=cut–c=axʷ PAST=say–ALTV=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
susuq’ʷaʔ–s younger.sibling–3PO
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’its’ikw
‘He said to his little younger brother, Little Diaper Child.’ 173 hiwil, ʔux̌ʷ dəgʷi hiwil go.ahead
ʔux̌ʷ go
dəgʷi you
‘ “Go ahead, you be the one to go.’ 174 ʔəsčal kʷi gʷadʔalalus ʔas–čal STAT–how
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s=ʔalalus
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=happen
‘ “How (will) your way of doing it be?’ 175 dəgʷi kʷədaʔ kʷi gʷəƛ’ub gʷəshuy[s]əxʷ ɬukʷaɬ dəgʷi kʷədaʔ you PTCL
kʷi REM
gʷə=ƛ’ub gʷə=s=huyu=s=axʷ ɬukʷaɬ SBJ=NM=made=3PO=2SG.SBRD sun
SBJ=well
‘ “Perhaps you are the one who ought to be the sun.” ’
Harry Moses
321
176 tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ sp’ip’ic’ikʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now
sp’i–p’ic’ikʷ ATTN–Sp’ip’its’ikw
‘Little Diaper Child went.’ 177 siˑ diɬ tiʔəʔ ƛ’usəshuyəxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ si diɬ right.there FOC
tiʔəʔ
ƛ’u=s=ʔas–huyu=axʷ
PROX
HAB=NM=STAT–made=now
ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX
‘That is exactly what was done at this place.’ 178 si t’at’agʷt si right.there
t’a–t’agʷt ATTN–on.top
‘He was right smack on top.’ 179 gʷəl sʔiƛ’ub ti səshədqʷəb ʔə tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl
sʔiƛ’ub just.right
SCONJ
ti
s=ʔas–hədqʷb
SPEC
NM=STAT–warm
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
‘And the warmth in the world is exactly right.’ 180 gʷəl ləɬaˑx̌il gʷəl
lə=ɬax̌–il
SCONJ
PROG=dark–INCH
‘And gradually it becomes night.’ 181 ləč’əlp lə=č’əlp PROG=turned
‘It turns.’ 182 diɬ ƛ’ub haʔɬ sɬukʷaɬ diɬ FOC
ƛ’ub well
haʔɬ good
sɬukʷaɬ sun
‘That is a very nice sun.’
swatixʷtəd land
diʔəʔ here
322
Star Child
183 gʷəl tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sqas gʷəl
tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PAST=go=now
PROX
diʔəʔ here
sqa–s older.brother–3PO
‘And his older brother went.’ 184 tuhuyucutəxʷ sɬukʷalb tu=huyu–t–sut=axʷ PAST=made–ICS–REFL=now
sɬukʷalb moon
‘He made himself the moon.’ 185 ʔaləxʷ sɬax̌ kʷi tusʔəƛ’s tiʔəʔ shuysəxʷ sɬukʷalb ʔal=axʷ at=now
ɬax̌ kʷi darkness REM
tu=s=ʔəƛ’=s
tiʔəʔ
s=huyu=s=axʷ
PAST=NM=come=3PO
PROX
NM=made=3PO=now
sɬukʷalb moon
‘The one who becomes the moon comes at night.’ 186 yəx̌i tuʔəbsčəgʷasəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tsiʔəʔ ƛ’uwaw’əq’wəq’ kʷsi tučəgʷass yəx̌i tu=ʔas–bəs–čəgʷas=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tsiʔəʔ because PAST=STAT–PROP–wife=now PR PROX:FEM here PROX:FEM ƛ’u=wa–w’əq’wəq’ HAB=ATTN–frog
kʷsi
tu=čəgʷas–s
REM:FEM
PAST=wife–3PO
‘Because he had her, Little Green Frog, as his wife.’ 187 gʷəl x̌ʷul’əxʷ tuʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stubš gʷəl SCONJ
x̌ʷul’=axʷ tu=ʔux̌ʷ only=now PAST=go
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘And this man just went.’ 188 tuhuyucut sɬukʷalb tu=huyu–t–sut PAST=made–ICS–REFL
sɬukʷalb moon
‘He turned himself into the moon.’
diʔəʔ here
stubš man
Harry Moses
323
189 tuʔibəš tu=ʔibəš PAST=travel
‘He travelled.’ 190 gʷəl tusaxʷəb tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas[s] gʷəl
tu=saxʷəb
tsiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PAST=jump
PROX:FEM
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘And his wife jumped.’ 191 gʷəl tuƛ’iq’ ʔal tiʔəʔ sʔilidgʷass gʷəl
tu=ƛ’iq’
SCONJ
PAST=sticky
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
sʔilidgʷas–s chest–3PO
‘And she stuck on his chest.’ 192 tuƛ’iq’ ʔə tsiʔəʔ čəgʷass tə dəxʷəšuucləp tə sx̌ay’us ʔə ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔal tudiʔ sɬukʷalb tu=ƛ’iq’ ʔə PAST=sticky PR tə NSPEC
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sx̌ay’us head
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
tə
dəxʷ=ʔas–šuɬ–c=lap
NSPEC
ADNM=STAT–see–ALTV=2PL.PO
ʔə ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔal PR people at
tudiʔ
sɬukʷalb moon
DIST.DMA
‘His wife stuck which is why you guys see the head of a person on the moon.’ 193 gʷəl ʔa čələp ƛ’ašuuc wəliʔ sɬadəyʔ ʔəsq’ədᶻuʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔa be.there
čələp 2PL.SUB
ƛ’u=ʔas–šuɬ–c HAB=STAT–see–ALTV
wəliʔ without.hesitation
sɬadəyʔ woman
ʔas–q’ədᶻuʔ STAT–have.hair
‘And thus you guys plainly see a woman with hair.’ 194 ƛ’ašuuc čəd ti qəl’qəluʔbs tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ tučəgʷas ʔə tiʔəʔ stubš ʔəshuyucut sɬukʷalb ƛ’u=ʔas–šuɬ–c HAB=STAT–see–ALTV tu=čəgʷas ʔə PR
PAST=wife
čəd ti 1SG.SUB SPEC
qəl’–qəluʔb–s
tsiʔəʔ
DSTR–eye–3PO
PROX:FEM
tiʔəʔ stubš ʔas–huyu–t–sut PROX man STAT–made–ICS–REFL
sɬadəyʔ woman
sɬukʷalb moon
‘I used to see the eyes of this woman, the former wife of the man who turned himself into the moon.’
324
Star Child
195 huy, diɬ šac’ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dsuyəyəhub, suyəyəhub huy
diɬ
SCONJ
FOC
šac’ finished
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ d=s=ʔu–yəyəhub here 1SG.PO=NM=PFV–tell.story
s=ʔu–yəyəhub NM=PFV–tell.story
‘So, that is the end of my traditional storytelling, storytelling.’ 196 tudəč’uʔ syəyəhub q’iq’x̌ʷuʔ tiʔəʔ ʔuʔilid čəd ʔal tiʔəʔ səɬax̌il tu=dəč’uʔ PAST=one
syəyəhub legend
q’iq’x̌ʷuʔ short
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔu–ʔili–t čəd ʔal tiʔəʔ PFV–sing–ICS 1SG.SUB at PROX
s=lə=ɬax̌–il NM=PROG=dark–INCH
‘What I told this evening was a short story.’ 197 yəx̌i čəd ʔəsʔi tudəxʷiʔs gʷədsʔilid kʷ(i) ʔəsʔuʔux̌ʷ syəyəhub yəx̌i because
čəd ʔəsʔi tu=dəxʷ=xʷiʔ=s 1SG.SUB slightly.ill PAST=ADNM=NEG=3PO
kʷi
ʔas–ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ
REM
STAT–ATTN–go
gʷə=d=s=ʔili–t SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=sing–ICS
syəyəhub legend
‘The reason I did not tell a story that goes on and on is because I am indisposed.’
Harry Moses
325
How Daylight Was Stolen as told by Harry Moses3
1
ʔal kʷi tuhaʔkʷ gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷətusləx̌il ʔal at
kʷi
tu=haʔkʷ
gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=tu=sləx̌il
REM
PAST=long.time
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=PAST=daylight
‘In the distant past, there was no daylight.’ 2
tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd gʷəl tasbəsad ʔal kʷ(i) tuhaʔkʷ tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd gʷəl land SCONJ
tu=ʔas–bəsad PAST=STAT–dark
ʔal at
kʷi
tu=haʔkʷ
REM
PAST=long.time
‘The land, it was dark in the distant past.’ 3
tudxʷadhadəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tu=dxʷ–had–had=axʷ PAST=CTD–DSTR–discuss=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
‘The people talked it over.’ 4
ʔəsčaləxʷ kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷ čəɬ kʷi sləx̌il ʔas–čal=axʷ STAT–how=now
kʷi REM
gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ čəɬ 1PL.PO
SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC
kʷi REM
sləx̌il daylight
‘ “How can we get it?’ 5
ʔaʔ kʷi sləx̌il ʔal kʷi q’xʷul’gʷədxʷ gʷəl ʔəsčal kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷ čəɬ ʔaʔ be.there kʷi REM
kʷi REM
sləx̌il ʔal kʷi daylight at REM
q’xʷ•ul’gʷədxʷ gʷəl upstream•land SCONJ
ʔas–čal STAT–how
gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ čəɬ 1PL.PO
SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC
‘ “Daylight is up there in the upriver country but how can we manage to get it?’
Recorded by Leon Metcalf, 1 November 1952 (Metcalf tape 23), with Harry Moses, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert (9 May 1976); further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. Published, with interlinear analysis, in substantially different form as Hilbert and Hess 1977. A preliminary version of the analysis presented here was published as part of Beck and Hess 2010.
326
6
How Daylight Was Stolen
tuhuyucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ səsaliʔ ləgʷləgʷəb tu=huyu–t–sut=axʷ PAST=made–ICS–REFL=now
tiʔəʔ
səsaliʔ two:HMN
PROX
ləgʷ–ləgʷəb DSTR–youth
‘These two youths prepared themselves.’ 7
tuc’agʷacutəxʷ tu=c’aʔkʷa–t–sut=axʷ PAST=washed–ICS–REFL=now
‘They bathed.’ 8
tuhuyucut həlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal sxʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔs gʷəsutəlawils əlgʷəʔ tu=huyu–t–sut PAST=made–ICS–REFL
həlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal PL CNTRPT–at
gʷə=s=ʔu–təlawil=s SBJ=NM=PFV–run=3PO
s=xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ=s NM=swift=3PO
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They prepared themselves in order to be swift as they run.’ 9
tiʔəʔ qawq’s ʔi tiʔəʔ bibščəb kʷi tuhuyucut tiʔəʔ PROX
qawq’s raven
ʔi
tiʔəʔ
CONJ
PROX
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
kʷi
tu=huyu–t–sut
REM
PAST=made–ICS–REFL
‘The ones who prepare themselves are Raven and Little Mink.’ 10
tut’ədalgʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ tu=t’əd•al•gʷiɬ əlgʷəʔ PAST=lined.up•CNN•canoe PL
‘They lined up the canoes.’ 11
tuʔaʔ dᶻəɬ kʷi ƛ’əlayʔ tux̌ʷ xʷiʔ uʔxʷ gʷəsəsaxʷəbabacs ʔal kʷi sxʷəʔaʔxʷəʔils tu=ʔaʔ PAST=be.there
dᶻəɬ
kʷi
PTCL
REM
ƛ’əlayʔ tux̌ʷ shovel.nose.canoe just
xʷiʔ
uʔxʷ
NEG
PTCL
gʷə=s=lə=saxʷəb•abac=s ʔal kʷi s=xʷəʔaʔxʷəʔ–il=s SBJ=NM=PROG=jump•body=3PO at REM NM=swift–INCH=3PO
‘There must have been some shovel-nosed canoes but they could not yet jump over them to become swift.’
Harry Moses
12
327
ləcəbagʷiɬil tiʔəʔ ʔəsx̌ək’ʷtxʷ əlgʷəʔ ƛ’əlayʔ lə=cəb•a•gʷiɬ–il PROG=two•CNN•canoe–INCH
tiʔəʔ
ʔas–x̌ək’ʷ–txʷ
əlgʷəʔ
PROX
STAT–overturned–ECS
PL
ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe
‘They have two canoes overturned.’ 13
cəbagʷiɬəxʷ kʷi ƛ’udəxʷsaxʷəbabacəds əlgʷəʔ cəb•a•gʷiɬ=axʷ two•CNN•canoe=now
kʷi
ƛ’u=dəxʷ=saxʷəb•abac–t=s
əlgʷəʔ
REM
HAB=ADNM=jump•body–ICS=3PO
PL
‘Now what they would jump over are two canoes.’ 14
tuhaʔkʷ tuhuyucut əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷədəxʷxʷəʔaʔxʷəʔils lətəlawil tu=haʔkʷ PAST=long.time
tu=huyu–t–sut
əlgʷəʔ
PAST=made–ICS–REFL
PL
gʷə=dəxʷ=xʷəʔaʔxʷəʔ–il=s SBJ=ADNM=swift–INCH=3PO
dxʷ–ʔal kʷi CNTRPT–at REM
lə=təlawil PROG=run
‘For a long time they trained in order to become swift as they run.’ 15
ləɬixʷalgʷiɬil tiʔəʔ tasx̌ək’ʷtxʷ həlgʷəʔ ƛ’əlayʔ dəxʷəsaxʷəbabacs əlgʷəʔ lə=ɬixʷ•al•gʷiɬ–il PROG=three•CNN•canoe–INCH ƛ’əlayʔ shovel.nose.canoe
tiʔəʔ tu=ʔas–x̌ək’ʷ–txʷ həlgʷəʔ PAST=STAT–overturned–ECS PL
PROX
dəxʷ=lə=saxʷəb•abac=s
əlgʷəʔ
ADNM=PROG=jump•body=3PO
PL
‘It came to where they had three canoes overturned which they were jumping.’ 16
həbu həbu haboo
Unknown interlocutor: ‘Haboo!’ 17
ʔaləxʷ kʷi tubuusalgʷiɬil kʷi tuasx̌ək’ʷ ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl tusaxʷəbabacəd tiʔəʔ buusalgʷiɬ ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl tuʔahəxʷ ʔal=axʷ at=now
kʷi
tu=buus•al•gʷiɬ–il
kʷi
tu=ʔas–x̌ək’ʷ
REM
PAST=four•CNN•canoe–INCH
REM
PAST=STAT–overturned
328
How Daylight Was Stolen
ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl shovel.nose.canoe SCONJ
tu=saxʷəb•abac–t tiʔəʔ buus•al•gʷiɬ PAST=jump•body–ICS PROX four•CNN•canoe
ƛ’əlayʔ gʷəl shovel.nose.canoe SCONJ
tu=ʔa=axʷ PAST=be.there=now
Harry Moses: ‘When it became four canoes and they jumped over these four, then it was there.’ 18
həbu həbu haboo
UI: ‘Haboo!’ 19
ʔaˑ tudxʷcutəb həlgʷəʔ ʔa INTJ
tu=dxʷ–cut–ab PAST=CTD–speak–DSD
həlgʷəʔ PL
HM: ‘Oh, they thought,’ 20
ʔuˑ xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi ʔahəxʷ gʷəčaldubuɬ ʔu INTJ
xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
kʷi
ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
REM
gʷə=čal–dxʷ–buɬ SBJ=chased–DC–1PL.OBJ
‘ “Oh, now there is nothing that can catch us.’ 21
siʔəxʷ čəɬ ƛ’ubəxʷ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷəsuʔux̌ʷc čəɬ kʷi sləx̌il ʔal kʷi dəxʷʔacəc siʔ=axʷ čəɬ ƛ’ub=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal kʷi gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–c čəɬ here=now 1PL.SUB well=now CNTRPT–at REM SBJ=NM=PFV–go–ALTV 1PL.PO kʷi REM
sləx̌il daylight
ʔal kʷi at REM
dəxʷ=ʔacəc ADNM=be.in.place
‘ “We are good enough to go after daylight where it is.” ’ 22
tugʷax̌əxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tu=gʷax̌=axʷ PAST=walk=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘Now they set out.’ 23
tuʔuluɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bibščəb ʔi tiʔəʔ qaw’qs tu=ʔuluɬ=axʷ PAST=travel.by.water=now
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bi–bəščəb ʔi PROX here ATTN–mink CONJ
‘Now Little Mink and Little Raven set out by canoe.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
Harry Moses
24
329
tugʷəč’ədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷi sləx̌il dxʷʔal kʷi dxʷq’xʷul’gʷədxʷ tu=gʷəč’–t=axʷ PAST=search–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ
kʷi
PL
REM
sləx̌il dxʷ–ʔal kʷi daylight CNTRPT–at REM
dxʷ–q’xʷ•ul’gʷədxʷ CNTRPT–upstream•land
‘They sought for daylight in the land upstream.’ 25
x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ tuləč’itil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə kʷi sləx̌il ƛ’uləx̌iličəxʷ əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now ʔə PR
əlgʷəʔ tu=lə=č’it–il dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ PAST=PROG=near–INCH CNTRPT–at PROX
PL
kʷi REM
sləx̌il ƛ’u=ləx̌–il•ič=axʷ daylight HAB=light–INCH•covering=now
dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘As they drew near this place of daylight, light enveloped them.’ 26
ƛ’uhagʷəxʷ kʷi ƛ’usləx̌ils gʷəl ƛ’ubələbəsad ƛ’u=hagʷ=axʷ kʷi HAB=long.time=now REM
ƛ’u=s=ləx̌–il=s HAB=NM=light–INCH=3PO
gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’u=bə=lə=bəsad HAB=ADD=PROG=dark
‘For a long time it would be day then it would again be dark.’ 27
diɬ tudəxʷəshaydxʷsəxʷ əlgʷəʔ diɬ
tu=dəxʷ=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s=axʷ
əlgʷəʔ
FOC
PAST=ADNM=STAT–known–DC=3PO=now
PL
‘That is how they knew.’ 28
ləč’itiləxʷ čəɬ lə=č’it–il=axʷ PROG=near–INCH=now
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We are getting near.” ’ 29
gʷəl tuɬəgʷɬ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ q’il’bids gʷəl tugʷax̌ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
tu=ɬəgʷɬ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PAST=leave PL PROX
q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO
‘Then they left their canoe and walked.’
gʷəl SCONJ
tu=gʷax̌ʷ PAST=walk
330
30
How Daylight Was Stolen
tugʷax̌ʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tuɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔəsɬaɬlil dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ sləx̌il tu=gʷax̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=walk=now
əlgʷəʔ
gʷəl
tu=ɬčil
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
PL
SCONJ
PAST=arrive
CNTRPT–at
PROX
tiʔəʔ
sləx̌il daylight
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ ʔas–ɬaɬlil people STAT–live
dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there
ʔə PR
PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘They walked now and arrived at these people who dwelled at the place of light.’ 31
ɬudxʷʔiwədəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ɬu=dxʷ–ʔiwəd=axʷ əlgʷəʔ IRR=CTD–decide=now PL
‘They will decide.’ 32
gʷatəxʷ ʔə dibəɬ kʷi ɬuʔux̌ʷtxʷ kʷi sləx̌il gʷat=axʷ who=now
ʔə PR
dibəɬ we
kʷi
ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ kʷi
REM
IRR=go–ECS
REM
sləx̌il daylight
‘ “Which of us will take the light?’ 33
gʷəsdukʷ gʷəbək’ʷaɬi gʷəʔux̌ʷ gʷə=s=dukʷu gʷə=bək’ʷ=aɬi SBJ=NM=abnormal SBJ=all=1PL.SBRD
gʷə=ʔux̌ʷ SBJ=go
‘ “It would be bad if we both were to go.’ 34
yəx̌i čəɬ gʷəhaydub ləʔux̌ʷc čəɬ tiʔəʔ sləx̌il yəx̌i čəɬ because 1PL.SUB
gʷə=hay–dxʷ–b lə=ʔux̌ʷ–c čəɬ tiʔəʔ SBJ=known–DC–PASS PROG=go–ALTV 1PL.SUB PROX
sləx̌il daylight
‘ “Because we would be known to be going after this light.’ 35
ɬuqadabid čəɬ ʔal kʷi ɬudəxʷʔacəc ɬu=qada–bi–t IRR=steal–SS–ICS
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ʔal at
kʷi REM
‘ “We will steal it from where it is.” ’
ɬu=dəxʷ=ʔacəc IRR=ADNM=be.in.place
Harry Moses
36
331
tucutəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bibščəb tu=cut=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=say=now PROX
diʔəʔ here
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
‘Little Mink said,’ 37
ʔəca kʷi ɬuhədʔiw’b ʔəca kʷi I REM
ɬu=hədʔiw’–b IRR=indoors–PASS
‘ “I am the one who will enter the building.’ 38
kayiɬ čəd ɬuləluluƛ’ ɬasqʷəlubus, ɬasx̌ʷal’ kayiɬ pretend
čəd ɬu=lə=lu–luƛ’ ɬu=ʔas–qʷəlub•us 1SG.SUB IRR=PROG=ATTN–old IRR=STAT–grey.hair•head
ɬu=ʔas–x̌ʷal’ IRR=STAT–fail
‘ “I will pretend to be old and grey and feeble.’ 39
ɬasck’usəd ɬuhədʔiw’bəd ɬu=ʔas–ck’usəd IRR=STAT–walking.stick
ɬu=hədʔiw’–b=ad IRR=indoors–MD=1SG.SBRD
‘ “Using a cane I will go in.’ 40
ɬuləʔux̌ʷ čəd dxʷʔal kʷi siʔab ʔabsləx̌il ɬu=lə=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=PROG=go
čəd 1SG.SUB
dxʷ–ʔal
kʷi
CNTRPT–at
REM
siʔab noble
‘ “I will go to the nobleman who has the daylight.’ 41
dəxʷʔaʔ kʷi ɬudsʔaʔ dəxʷ=ʔaʔ ADNM=be.there
kʷi
ɬu=d=s=ʔaʔ
REM
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=be.there
‘ “There is where I will be.” ’ 42
cuuc tiʔəʔ qaw’qs cut–c say–ALTV
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘Raven says to him,’
qaw’qs raven
ʔas–bəs–sləx̌il STAT–PROP–daylight
332
43
How Daylight Was Stolen
ɬuʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kʷi ɬudsʔacəc ɬu=ʔal IRR=at
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
kʷi
ɬu=d=s=ʔacəc
REM
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=be.in.place
‘ “I will be at this place here.’ 44
ɬasʔaciɬ čəd dxʷʔal kʷi ɬadsʔəƛ’txʷ ɬu=ʔas–ʔaciɬ čəd dxʷ–ʔal kʷi IRR=STAT–pause 1SG.SUB CNTRPT–at REM
ɬu=ad=s=ʔəƛ’–txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=come–ECS
‘ “I will wait for you to bring it.’ 45
siʔ ƛ’ub ɬadsəsƛ’ip’aɬəd čəxʷa ɬuɬčil dxʷdiʔaʔ gʷəl ʔəcahəxʷ kʷi ɬubəkʷədad, ɬukʷədadxʷaxʷ siʔ right.there
ƛ’ub well
ɬu=ad=s=ʔas–ƛ’ip’–aɬ–t
čəxʷa 2SG.COORD
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–squeeze–INCRP–ICS
ɬu=ɬčil dxʷ–diʔaʔ gʷəl ʔəca=axʷ kʷi IRR=arrive CNTRPT–PROX.DMA SCONJ I=now REM
ɬu=bə=kʷəda–t IRR=ADD=taken–ICS
ɬu=kʷəda–dxʷ=axʷ IRR=taken–DC=now
‘ “Just so will you be clutching it and you will arrive here, and I am the one who will take it anew.” ’ 46
tutəlawiləxʷ tiʔəʔ tu=təlawil=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=run=now PROX
‘He ran.’ 47
tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ bibščəb gʷəl tuɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ siʔab ʔabsləx̌il tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔəʔ bi–bəščəb gʷəl tu=ɬčil dxʷ–ʔal PAST=go=now PROX ATTN–mink SCONJ PAST=arrive CNTRPT–at siʔab noble
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ here
PROX
ʔas–bəs–sləx̌il STAT–PROP–daylight
‘Little Mink went and he came to the nobleman who had daylight.’ 48
ləluˑƛ’ ʔəsqʷəlubus ləsck’usəd lə=luƛ’ PROG=old
ʔas–qʷəlub•us STAT–grey.hair•head
ləs–ck’usəd PROG.STAT–use.walking.stick
‘He is old with grey hair and uses a cane.’
Harry Moses
49
333
šudub ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtabixʷ šuɬ–dxʷ–b see–DC–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔaciɬtabixʷ people
‘He is seen by these people.’ 50
ʔuˑ dč’aʔkʷbixʷ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tiʔəʔ ʔuɬčil ʔu INTJ
dč’aʔkʷbixʷ different.tribe
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tiʔəʔ people PROX
ʔu–ɬčil PFV–arrive
‘ “Oh, a person of a different tribe has arrived.” ’ 51
ʔuˑ cutəxʷ bibščəb ʔu INTJ
cut=axʷ say=now
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
‘Little Mink says.’ 52
ʔuˑ sʔušəbabdxʷ čəd ʔu INTJ
sʔušəbabdxʷ poor.guy
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “Oh, I am poor.’ 53
xʷiʔ kʷi stab, kʷi gʷəstabəxʷ gʷubəq’əd čəd gʷəsuʔəɬəds xʷiʔ kʷi NEG
REM
stab what
kʷi REM
gʷə=stab=axʷ gʷə=ʔu–bəq’–t SBJ=what=now SBJ=PFV–have.in.mouth–ICS
čəd gʷə=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd=s 1SG.SUB SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘ “I have nothing, nothing to put in my mouth to eat.’ 54
xʷiʔəxʷ kʷi gʷatəxʷ ʔal cəxʷʔaʔ gʷəƛ’ashuyuc haʔɬ, čəda ləʔəƛ’ ləgʷəč’alikʷ dxʷʔal kʷi siʔab ʔabsləx̌il xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
kʷi REM
gʷat=axʷ ʔal who=now at
d=dəxʷ=ʔaʔ 1SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
gʷə=ƛ’u=ʔas–huyu–t–s haʔɬ čəda lə=ʔəƛ’ SBJ=HAB=STAT–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ good 1SG.COORD PROG=come lə=gʷəč’–alikʷ PROG=search–ACT
dxʷ–ʔal
kʷi
CNTRPT–at
REM
siʔab noble
ʔas–bəs–sləx̌il STAT–PROP–daylight
‘ “There is no one where I am who treats me well, so I am coming, looking for the nobleman who possesses daylight.’
334
55
How Daylight Was Stolen
ʔaʔ kʷi ɬudsəsɬaq’ čəda ʔux̌ʷ ʔaʔ be.there
kʷi
ɬu=d=s=ʔas–ɬaq’a
REM
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–fallen
čəda 1SG.COORD
ʔux̌ʷ go
‘ “There I will lie down and I go.’ 56
gʷəl ɬuhaʔɬ kʷi gʷədsəshuy gʷəl
ɬu=haʔɬ
kʷi
gʷə=d=s=ʔas–huyu
SCONJ
IRR=good
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–made
‘ “And I will be treated well.” ’ 57
tukʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ siʔab tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl tucutəb tu=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ PAST=taken–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
siʔab tiʔəʔ noble PROX
diʔəʔ luƛ’ gʷəl here old SCONJ
tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS
‘The old man was taken by the arm by the nobleman and was spoken to,’ 58
ɬuʔal tudiʔ ʔalq’ʷ kʷi ɬadsəstədᶻil ɬadsɬagʷid ɬu=ʔal IRR=at
tudiʔ ʔalq’ʷ kʷi ɬu=ad=s=ʔas–tədᶻil DIST.DMA away.from.fire REM IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–lie.in.bed
ɬu=ad–sɬagʷid IRR=2SG.PO–sleeping.mat
‘ “Over there at the back you will go to bed, you will have your pallet.” ’ 59
tucutəxʷ tu=cut=axʷ PAST=say=now
‘(Little Mink) spoke,’ 60
xʷiʔ, ƛ’ušišədᶻal čəd ʔal tə ɬax̌ xʷiʔ ƛ’u=ši–šədᶻal čəd ʔal NEG HAB=ATTN–go.outdoors 1SG.SUB at
tə NSPEC
‘ “No, I need to go outside a bit during the night.’
ɬax̌ dark
Harry Moses
61
335
ƛ’ub ləq’aɬucid kʷi ɬudsʔaʔ ƛ’ub well
ləq’aɬ•ucid be.in.right.place•mouth
kʷi
ɬu=d=s=ʔaʔ
REM
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=be.there
‘ “It is better that I be by the door.” ’ 62
tuhuyutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷəsɬaq’s ləq’aɬucid tu=huyu–t–b=axʷ ʔə PAST=made–ICS–PASS=now PR
tiʔəʔ
dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaq’a=s ADNM=STAT–fallen=3PO
PROX
ləq’aɬ•ucid be.in.right.place•mouth
‘His place was made by the door.’ 63
ƛ’uʔaˑʔ x̌ʷul’ ƛ’aswačbid tiʔiɬ ƛ’ashuyutid tiʔəʔ sləx̌il ƛ’u=ʔaʔ x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=ʔas–wač–bi–t tiʔiɬ HAB=be.there only HAB=STAT–watch–MAP–ICS DIST ƛ’u=ʔas–huyu–t–id HAB=STAT–made–ICS–PASS.SBRD
tiʔəʔ
sləx̌il daylight
PROX
‘He would be there just watching what was done with the daylight.’ 64
x̌ʷul’ ʔəswačbid x̌ʷul’ ʔas–wač–bi–t only STAT–watch–MAP–ICS
‘He just watches it.’ 65
x̌ʷul’ ƛ’ulədiʔiʔil tiʔiɬ ɬukʷaɬ gʷəl ƛ’uləƛ’ip’usitəb tiʔəʔ sləx̌il x̌ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=lə=diʔ–iʔ–il
tiʔiɬ
HAB=PROG=exc–other.side–INCH DIST
ƛ’u=lə=ƛ’ip’•us–i–t–b HAB=PROG=squeeze•face–SS–ICS–PASS
ɬukʷaɬ gʷəl sun SCONJ
tiʔəʔ PROX
sləx̌il daylight
‘As the sun would move to the other side, then the daylight would gradually get its face squeezed shut.’ 66
diɬ səɬaˑx̌il diɬ
s=lə=ɬax̌–il
FOC
NM=PROG=dark–INCH
‘It gradually becomes night.’
336
67
How Daylight Was Stolen
ƛ’uləƛ’uc’usitəb ƛ’u=lə=ƛ’uc’•us–i–t–b HAB=PROG=tied.in.bunch•face–SS–ICS–PASS
‘It would gradually get its face tied shut.’ 68
diɬ sbəsads diɬ
s=bəsad=s
FOC
NM=dark=3PO
‘That is the dark.’ 69
ʔəswačbitəb ʔə bibščəb ʔas–wač–bi–t–b ʔə STAT–watch–MAP–ICS–PASS PR
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
‘It is watched by Little Mink.’ 70
ʔaləxʷ sɬixʷəɬdacuts kʷi sʔaʔs bibščəb gʷəl ʔux̌ʷc tiʔəʔ sləx̌il ʔal=axʷ s=ɬixʷ•əɬ•dat–t–sut=s kʷi s=ʔaʔ=s bi–bəščəb at=now NM=three•CLS•day–ICS–REFL=3PO REM NM=be.there=3PO ATTN–mink gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–c go–ALTV
tiʔəʔ sləx̌il PROX daylight
‘When it is three days that Little Mink is there, then he goes after the daylight.’ 71
xʷiʔ uʔxʷ gʷəsɬaʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ čaləs xʷiʔ NEG
uʔxʷ gʷə=s=ɬaʔ SBJ=NM=arrive
PTCL
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
čaləs–s hand–3PO
‘He cannot reach it with his hand.’ 72
ƛ’al’ lil gʷəl ləx̌ ƛ’al’ lil gʷəl ləx̌ also far SCONJ light
‘It is still far away when it lights up.’ 73
tiləb ʔusaxʷəb bibščəb gʷəl tədᶻil ʔal tiʔiɬ dəxʷəstədᶻils tiləb ʔu–saxʷəb immediately PFV–jump
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
gʷəl SCONJ
tədᶻil lie.in.bed
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ DIST
Harry Moses
337
dəxʷ=ʔas–tədᶻil=s ADNM=STAT–lie.in.bed=3PO
‘Immediately Little Mink jumps back and lies in bed where he goes to bed.’ 74
ʔəstədᶻilič ʔə diʔ q’ʷaɬčup ʔas–tədᶻil•ič STAT–lie.in.bed•covering
ʔə PR
diʔ q’ʷaɬ•čup other.side ash•fire
‘He goes to bed covered by fine ash powder.’ 75
puʔud tiʔəʔ q’ʷaɬčup gʷəl pədič puʔu–t blow–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
q’ʷaɬ•čup ash•fire
gʷəl SCONJ
pəd•ič buried•covering
‘He blows on this fine ash powder and is buried.’ 76
dəb kʷədiʔ ʔiɬlilalʔtxʷ kʷi ʔuƛ’aʔad dəb instead
kʷədiʔ
ʔiɬ–lil•alʔtxʷ
kʷi
ʔu–ƛ’aʔa–t
REM.DMA
PRTV–far•room
REM
PFV–notice–ICS
‘The others at the far part of the house notice it.’ 77
buʔəx̌idəxʷ kʷi [s]ləx̌il kʷi dəxʷwəq’wəq’s bə=ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ ADD=PFV–what.happen=now
kʷi REM
sləx̌il daylight
kʷi
dəxʷ=wəq’–wəq’=s
REM
ADNM=DSTR–blink=3PO
‘ “Why is the daylight blinking?” ’ 78
ʔəšuucəb ʔə ti luƛ’ ʔəsbəč ləq’aɬucid ʔəspədpədič ʔə ti q’ʷaɬčup ʔas–šuɬ–c–b ʔə ti luƛ’ ʔas–bəča STAT–see–ALTV–PASS PR SPEC old STAT–fall ʔas–pəd–pəd•ič ʔə ti STAT–DSTR–buried•covering PR SPEC
ləq’aɬ•ucid be.in.right.place•mouth
q’ʷaɬ•čup ash•fire
‘The old fellow who is lying by the door covered in fine ash powder watches it.’ 79
ʔaˑl bəƛ’uɬax̌ gʷəl bəʔux̌ʷcəb ʔə bibščəb ʔal at
bə=ƛ’u=ɬax̌
gʷəl
bə=ʔux̌ʷ–c–b
ADD=HAB=dark
SCONJ
ADD=go–ALTV–PASS
ʔə bi–bəščəb PR ATTN–mink
‘When it would again be night, Little Mink goes after it again.’
338
80
How Daylight Was Stolen
buusəɬdat kʷi suʔux̌ʷcs tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl tuɬaʔačiʔbid buus•əɬ•dat four•CLS•day
kʷi
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ–c=s
REM
NM=PFV–go–ALTV=3PO PROX
tiʔəʔ sləx̌il daylight
gʷəl SCONJ
tu=ɬaʔ•ačiʔ–bi–t PAST=arrive•hand–MAP–ICS
‘For four days he goes after the daylight, then his hand reached it.’ 81
diɬ tuspəkʷibids tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl tusaxʷəbtxʷ diɬ
tu=s=pəkʷib–bi–t=s
tiʔəʔ
FOC
PAST=NM=snatch–MAP–ICS=3PO
PROX
sləx̌il gʷəl tu=saxʷəb–txʷ daylight SCONJ PAST=jump–ECS
‘He snatched the daylight and ran off with it.’ 82
tučalatəb bibščəb tu=čala–t–b bi–bəščəb PAST=chased–ICS–PASS ATTN–mink
‘Little Mink was chased.’ 83
tudiʔ ƛ’uləgʷədabac ʔə ti qʷəɬqʷɬayʔ tiʔiɬ səšulagʷils tudiʔ DIST.DMA
ƛ’u=lə=gʷəd•abac HAB=PROG=down•body
ʔə ti qʷəɬ–qʷɬayʔ PR SPEC DSTR–log
tiʔiɬ DIST
s=lə=šulu–agʷil=s NM=PROG=go.under–AUTO=3PO
‘He keeps below the logs he is going beneath over there.’ 84
xʷiʔ gʷəsučals yəx̌i huy xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–čal=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–chased=3PO
yəx̌i because
huy SCONJ
xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ swift
‘He is not overtaken because he is swift.’ 85
ləsaxʷəbabac ʔə tiʔəʔ qʷɬaʔy dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ sɬčis tiʔəʔ ʔaʔyəds qaw’qs lə=saxʷəb•abac ʔə tiʔəʔ qʷɬaʔy dxʷ–ʔal tiʔiɬ s=ɬčil–s=s PROG=jump•body PR PROX log CNTRPT–at DIST NM=arrive–ALTV=3PO tiʔəʔ ʔaʔyəd–s PROX companion–3PO
qaw’qs raven
‘He is jumping over the logs until he arrives at his friend, Raven.’
Harry Moses
86
339
gʷəl tuʔix̌ʷyid ʔə tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl
tu=ʔix̌ʷi–yi–t
SCONJ
PAST=thrown–DAT–ICS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
sləx̌il daylight
‘And he threw him the daylight.’ 87
kʷədatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ qaw’qs kʷəda–t–b taken–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘It is taken by Raven.’ 88
tuˑdiʔ liɬšəq tiʔiɬ ləč’əlč’əlp ʔə qaw’qs tudiʔ DIST.DMA
liɬ–šq
tiʔiɬ
lə=č’əl–č’əlp
PRLV–high
DIST
PROG=DSTR–turned
ʔə PR
qaw’qs raven
‘Way up high Raven is twisting and turning.’ 89
qʷaʔ qʷaʔ ‘ “Caw, caw!” ’
90
xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷukʷədxʷ yəx̌i huy xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
gʷat who
gʷə=ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ yəx̌i huyu because made
SBJ=PFV–taken–DC
xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ swift
‘There is no one who can manage to catch him because he has become swift.’ 91
qʷiq’ʷ qʷiq’ʷ strong
‘He is strong.’ 92
tiʔəʔ liɬʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ƛ’udəxʷusaxʷəbs tiʔəʔ PROX
liɬ–ʔal PRLV–at
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd land
ƛ’u=dəxʷ=ʔu–saxʷəb=s HAB=NM=PFV–jump=3PO
‘Here on the ground is where (Little Mink) runs.’ 93
tudiʔ liɬšəq dəxʷusaq’ʷs tudiʔ DIST.DMA
liɬ–šq
dəxʷ=ʔu–saq’ʷ=s
PRLV–high
NM=PFV–fly=3PO
‘Way up high is where (Raven) flies.’
340
94
How Daylight Was Stolen
xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷələkʷədxʷ qaw’qs xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
gʷat who
gʷə=lə=kʷəda–dxʷ
qaw’qs raven
SBJ=PROG=taken–DC
‘There is no one who can manage to catch Raven.’ 95
x̌ʷul’ ƛ’uləq’ʷəɬəb gʷəl ləʔix̌ʷyid tiʔəʔ ʔayʔəds x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=q’ʷəɬəb gʷəl lə=ʔix̌ʷi–yi–t only HAB=PROG=tired SCONJ PROG=thrown–DAT–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔayʔəds–s
companion–3PO
‘When he would tire, he would throw it to his friend.’ 96
čalatəb bibščəb čala–t–b chased–ICS–PASS
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
‘Little Mink is chased.’ 97
tudiʔ lil gʷədabac ʔə ti qʷəɬqʷɬayʔ tudiʔ DIST.DMA
lil far
gʷəd•abac down•body
ʔə PR
ti
qʷəɬ–qʷɬayʔ
SPEC
DSTR–log
‘He is way over there beneath the logs.’ 98
tudiʔ ləsaxʷəbabac ʔə ti šqabac tiʔiɬ sətəlawil ʔə bibščəb tudiʔ DIST.DMA
lə=saxʷəb•abac PROG=jump•body
ʔə PR
ti SPEC
šq•abac tiʔiɬ s=lə=təlawil ʔə high•body DIST NM=PROG=run PR
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
‘Little Mink is way over there jumping over the high mass where he is running.’ 99
xʷiʔ kʷi stab gʷələčaldxʷ tiʔəʔ xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ titčul’bixʷ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
stab what
gʷə=lə=čal–dxʷ
tiʔəʔ
SBJ=PROG=chased–DC
PROX
xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ titčul’bixʷ swift small.animal
‘There is nothing able to overtake this swift little animal.’ 100 stiqayuʔ, swəwaʔ tučalad stiqayuʔ wolf
swəwaʔ cougar
tu=čala–t PAST=chased–ICS
‘It was Wolf and Cougar who chased him.’
Harry Moses
341
101 xʷiʔ kʷi gʷat gʷučaladxʷ ti bibščəb yəx̌i huy xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
gʷat who
gʷə=ʔu–čala–dxʷ
ti
bi–bəščəb
SBJ=PFV–chased–DC
SPEC
ATTN–mink
yəx̌i because
huy SCONJ
xʷəxʷaʔxʷəʔ swift
‘No one can manage to overtake Little Mink because he is swift.’ 102 dxʷʔal tusɬčils əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ q’il’bids əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tuq’ilagʷil gʷəl tuʔuluɬ dxʷ–ʔal tu=s=ɬčil=s əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ q’il’bid–s əlgʷəʔ CNTRPT–at PAST=NM=arrive=3PO PL CNTRPT–at PROX canoe–3PO PL gʷəl
tu=q’ili–agʷil
gʷəl
tu=ʔuluɬ
SCONJ
PAST=aboard–AUTO
SCONJ
PAST=travel.by.water
‘Until they arrived in their canoe they ran and they got in and set off.’ 103 x̌ʷul’əxʷ tuʔuluɬ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tuqʷšabəxʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
tu=ʔuluɬ
əlgʷəʔ
gʷəl
tu=qʷšab=axʷ
PAST=travel.by.water
PL
SCONJ
PAST=foggy=now
‘Just as they set out it became foggy.’ 104 cutəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ bibščəb cut=axʷ say=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
bi–bəščəb ATTN–mink
‘Little Mink says,’ 105 ʔaʔ tiʔiɬ dsqəlalitut ɬulaʔ čəd gʷəl ɬuqʷšab tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔaʔ tiʔiɬ d–sqəlalitut ɬu=laʔ čəd gʷəl ɬu=qʷšab be.there DIST 1SG.PO–spirit.power IRR=localize 1SG.SUB SCONJ IRR=foggy tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd land
‘ “I have a spirit power that I will locate and the world will be foggy.” ’ 106 tuqʷšabičəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tux̌ʷilx̌ʷiləxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ tuləčalad həlgʷəʔ tu=qʷšab•ič=axʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl tu=x̌ʷil–x̌ʷil=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=foggy•covering=now PL SCONJ PAST=DSTR–lost=now PROX
342
How Daylight Was Stolen
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
tu=lə=čala–t PAST=PROG=chased–ICS
həlgʷəʔ PL
‘The fog covered them and these people who were chasing them got lost.’ 107 gʷəl tuʔux̌ʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
tu=ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now
‘And they went.’ 108 tut’uk’ʷtxʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ sləx̌il tu=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ=axʷ PAST=go.home–ECS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
sləx̌il daylight
‘They took this daylight home.’ 109 x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ tuləɬčildxʷ tiʔəʔ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əlgʷəʔ
tu=lə=ɬčil–dxʷ
tiʔəʔ
PL
PAST=PROG=arrive–DC
PROX
‘They were just managing to arrive with it.’ 110 tuləč’itil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd dəxʷtul’ʔaʔs əlgʷəʔ tu=lə=ɬčil–dxʷ tiʔəʔ tu=lə=č’it–il PAST=PROG=arrive–DC PROX PAST=PROG=near–INCH swatixʷtəd land
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
CNTRPT–at
PROX
dəxʷ=tul’–ʔaʔ=s
əlgʷəʔ
ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO
PL
‘They were drawing near to this land where they were from.’ 111 gʷəl diɬəxʷ kʷi ƛ’ugʷəqilič ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷəl
diɬ=axʷ
kʷi
ƛ’u=gʷəq–il•ič
SCONJ
FOC=now
REM
HAB=bright–INCH•covering
‘And sunshine would envelope the people.’ 112 tucut tu=cut PAST=say
‘They said,’
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
Harry Moses
343
113 ʔuˑ, ʔuʔəƛ’axʷ ti stububš tugʷəč’əd tiʔiɬ sləx̌il ʔu
ʔu–ʔəƛ’=axʷ ti stub–ubš PFV–come=now SPEC PL–man
INTJ
tu=gʷəč’–t PAST=search–ICS
tiʔiɬ sləx̌il daylight
DIST
‘ “Oh, the men who sought the daylight have come.’ 114 ʔiɬč’itəxʷ ʔiɬ–č’it=axʷ PRTV–near=now
‘ “They are coming nearer.’ 115 ləx̌iličəxʷ čəɬ ləx̌–il•ič=axʷ light–INCH•covering=now
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We are covered in light.” ’ 116 tuʔəƛ’txʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl tuɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swatixʷtəd dəxʷtul’ʔaʔs əlgʷəʔ tu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ əlgʷəʔ PAST=come–ECS PL tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ PROX
swatixʷtəd land
sləx̌il daylight
gʷəl
tu=ɬčil
dxʷ–ʔal
SCONJ
PAST=arrive
CNTRPT–at
dəxʷ=tul’–ʔaʔ=s
əlgʷəʔ
ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO
PL
‘They brought the daylight and arrived in the land they were from.’ 117 gʷəl qaw’qs kʷi dᶻixʷ tukʷədad tiʔəʔ sləx̌il gʷəl SCONJ
qaw’qs raven
kʷi REM
dᶻixʷ first
tu=kʷəda–t
tiʔəʔ
PAST=taken–ICS
PROX
sləx̌il daylight
‘And Raven took the daylight first.’ 118 cədiɬ kʷi tuwačbid cədiɬ s/he
kʷi REM
tu=wač–bi–t PAST=watch–MAP–ICS
‘The one who watched it was he.’ 119 daʔxʷ ƛ’uləɬax̌il gʷəl bələx̌il daʔxʷ just.now
ƛ’u=lə=ɬax̌–il
gʷəl
bə=ləx̌–il
HAB=PROG=dark–INCH
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘No sooner it would become night then it becomes light again.’
344
How Daylight Was Stolen
120 ʔəsʔəx̌idəxʷ kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷasʔitutəs ʔas–ʔəx̌id=axʷ STAT–what.happen=now
kʷi REM
ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
gʷə=ʔas–ʔitut=as SBJ=STAT–sleep=3SBRD
‘Why are the people asleep?’ 121 ƛ’al’ uʔxʷ bələx̌il ƛ’al’ also
uʔxʷ
bə=ləx̌–il
PTCL
ADD=light–INCH
‘It has also become light again.’ 122 x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ x̌ʷul’ only
ʔaɬ fast
‘It is too fast.’ 123 ʔuʔabyitəb bibščəb gʷəl haˑʔkʷ kʷi ƛ’uləɬax̌ils gʷəl ƛ’usləx̌iˑl ʔə kʷi taʔtəbac ʔu–ʔab–yi–t–b bi–bəščəb PFV–extend–DAT–ICS–PASS ATTN–mink
gʷəl SCONJ
haʔkʷ long.time
kʷi REM
ƛ’u=lə=ɬax̌–il–s gʷəl ƛ’u=s=ləx̌–il ʔə kʷi taʔtəbac HAB=PROG=dark–INCH–3PO SCONJ HAB=NM=light–INCH PR REM slow
‘It is given to Little Mink and for a long time it would be night and grow light slowly.’ 124 huy ʔəsaydxʷ tašəɬyačiʔbid tiʔiɬ suhuyuds huy SCONJ
ʔas–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC
tu=ʔas–šəɬ•y•ačiʔ–bi–t PAST=STAT–make•CNN•hand–MAP–ICS
s=ʔu–huyu–t=s NM=PFV–made–ICS=3PO
‘Because he knows how it is done with the hands.’ 125 gʷəl qaw’qs gʷəl x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ gʷəl SCONJ
qaw’qs raven
gʷəl SCONJ
‘But Raven, he is too fast.’
x̌ʷul’ only
ʔaɬ fast
tiʔiɬ DIST
Harry Moses
345
126 x̌ʷul’ ʔaʔ tiʔiɬ sɬax̌ils gʷəl bələx̌il x̌ʷul’ ʔaʔ only be.there
tiʔiɬ
s=ɬax̌–il=s
gʷəl
bə=ləx̌–il
DIST
NM=dark–INCH=3PO
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘Just when it becomes night then it becomes day again.’ 127 ʔəsʔəx̌idəxʷ kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ gʷastədᶻiləs gʷəl ƛ’al’ uʔxʷ basləx̌il ʔas–ʔəx̌id=axʷ STAT–what.happen=now ƛ’al’ also
kʷi ʔaciɬtalbixʷ people
REM
uʔxʷ
bə=ʔas–ləx̌–il
PTCL
ADD=STAT–light–INCH
gʷə=ʔas–tədᶻil=as
gʷəl
SBJ=STAT–lie.in.bed=3SBRD
SCONJ
‘Why are the people in bed when it has become light again?’ 128 šac’əxʷ tiʔiɬ dsgʷəgʷadgʷəd šac’=axʷ finished=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
d=s=gʷəgʷadgʷəd 1SG.PO=NM=converse
‘My talking is finished now.’ 129 dəč’uʔ haʔɬ syəyəhub dəč’uʔ one
haʔɬ good
syəyəhub legend
‘It is a good story.’
5 tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson c. 1886–1964
Louise Anderson with her daughter, Vi Hilbert, and her husband, Charlie. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.
Louise Anderson, born Louise Jimmy in March 1886, was the granddaughter of an influential native doctor and the daughter of a French trapper and a young Lushootseed woman who died while Louise was still in her infancy. She was raised by her grandmother and nursed by the mother of Morris Dan, a respected Skagit Elder. Louise was betrothed at an early age to Adie Tom, son of a family of equal social status to her own, and together they conceived a child. Adie Tom’s mother disapproved of the relationship, however, because Louise was half-French, so Louise fled the area where they were living near Nooksack. On From an account by the late Vi Hilbert and from interviews with Mrs. Hilbert by Jay Miller and by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).
348
Chapter 5
foot and pregnant, she was followed by a little bird who sang to her. Later, this song became a song that Louise would sing in the longhouse. Adie Tom and Louise’s first child died in a flu epidemic that killed many people in the area. Louise married twice more after that, first with Charlie Anderson (1872-1959) and then with George Swanaset. She conceived eight children with Charlie Anderson, but only one, Vi Hilbert (née Anderson), survived. For most of her life, Louise and her family moved from place to place and house to house. Wherever they went, she brought with her a big piece of linoleum that she would spread out flat on the floor, and on it would go her furniture, utensils, and other household goods, and that place became home. Outside the house on a box stood a washbasin, and every morning the family would wash their faces in cold water. Warm water, Louise said, would make their skin old too soon. Louise was a large woman who loved to laugh, and she was an excellent cook and baker who loved to feed people. She was a storyteller as well, someone who would entertain family and friends with anecdotes and accounts of her life and times. When there was need in the community, she was there for the people, always ready to help in times of sickness or death. Louise is remembered as a woman who, in Vi Hilbert’s words, “held out her hands to embrace all of the beauty of life.” Louise passed away on 16 April 1964.
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
349
Basket Ogress
as told by tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson1
1
ʔuhilitəb tə stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷʔal kʷi sʔux̌ʷs dxʷʔal kʷi ʔilgʷiɬ ʔə kʷi x̌ʷəlč ʔu–hili–t–b tə stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷ–ʔal kʷi s=ʔux̌ʷ=s PFV–command–ICS–PASS NSPEC children CNTRPT–at REM NM=go=3PO dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
kʷi
ʔil•gʷiɬ side•waterway
REM
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
x̌ʷəlč sea
‘The children had been told to go down to the shores of the salt chuck.’ 2
hay, ʔahəxʷ hay SCONJ
ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
‘So, there they are.’ 3
gʷəl k’ʷasəbəxʷ tiʔiɬ stawixʷaʔɬ gʷəl SCONJ
k’ʷas–b=axʷ burned–CSMD=now
tiʔiɬ DIST
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘And the children heat up (the food).’ 4
k’ʷasəbəxʷ k’ʷas–b=axʷ burned–CSMD=now
‘They heat up the food.’ 5
ɬildəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ ʔiišəds, ʔiɬc’ic’ət’q ɬil–t=axʷ give.food–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ PL
DIST
ʔiišəd–s relatives–3PO
ʔiɬ–c’i–c’ət’q PRTV–ATTN–pinch
‘They give their friends a little pinch of food.’ 6
ʔa gʷəl, ʔaˑ tiʔiɬ sč’ət’šad ʔə tiʔiɬ sʔuladxʷ ʔa
gʷəl
ʔa
tiʔiɬ
INTJ
SCONJ
INTJ
DIST
sč’ət’šad ʔə fishtail PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
sʔuladxʷ salmon
‘And so there is some salmon tail.’ 1 Recorded by Pamela Amoss in 1962 with Louise Anderson, a speaker of the Upper Skagit dialect, at Everson, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Louise George, February 1968, and retranscribed and translated by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 5 January 1983; further redaction by Thom Hess.
350
7
Basket Ogress
gʷəl kikəwič tiʔəʔ ʔukʷədadəxʷ gʷəl
ki–kəwič
tiʔəʔ
ʔu–kʷəda–t=axʷ
SCONJ
ATTN–hunchback
PROX
PFV–taken–ICS=now
‘And the one who took it was Little Hunchback.’ 8
ʔabyitəbəxʷ ʔab–yi–t–b=axʷ extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
‘It is given to him.’ 9
ɬadsgʷaʔ tiʔəʔ, kikəwič ɬu=ad=s=gʷaʔ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=ones.own
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘ “This will be yours, Little Hunchback.” ’ 10
ʔuˑ kikəwič [tiʔəʔ] ʔuwiʔadəxʷ ʔu
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
INTJ
tiʔəʔ
ʔu–wiʔa–t=axʷ
PROX
PFV–holler–ICS=now
‘Oh, the one who hollers is Little Hunchback.’ 11
ʔəƛ’a ɬi sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’ahəxʷ ʔəƛ’a come.to
ɬi sƛ’alqəb 2PL.IMP monster
ʔəƛ’a=axʷ come.to=now
‘ “Come here, you monsters, come now!’ 12
sč’ət’šad tiʔəʔ sk’ʷasəb [tiʔəʔ] dsɬiltəb ʔə tiʔəʔ wiw’su sč’ət’šad fishtail ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
s=k’ʷas–b
tiʔəʔ
PROX
NM=burned–CSMD
PROX
tiʔəʔ PROX
d=s=ɬil–t–b 1SG.PO=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS
wiw’su children
‘ “What I have been given by these children is roasted fishtail.” ’ 13
x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil kikəwič x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet
x̌ʷubil quiet
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
x̌ʷubil quiet
‘ “Be quiet, be quiet, Little Hunchback, be quiet!’
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
14
351
gʷəɬčisəb čəɬ ʔə kʷsi sƛ’alqəb gʷə=ɬčil–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ʔə PR
kʷsi REM:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘ “We might be come after by the monster.” ’ 15
ʔaˑ gʷəl bək’ʷasəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ ʔa
gʷəl
bə=k’ʷas–b=axʷ
INTJ
SCONJ
ADD=burned–CSMD=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
dəč’uʔ one
‘And they heat one up again.’ 16
ʔal tiʔiɬ [s]buusils ʔal at
tiʔiɬ
s=buus–il=s
DIST
NM=four–INCH=3PO
‘It is the fourth time.’ 17
ƛ’al’ sixʷ bəsč’ət’šad tiʔəʔ sʔabyitəbs tə kikəwič ƛ’al’ also
sixʷ
bə=sč’ət’šad
tiʔəʔ
s=ʔab–yi–t–b=s
tə
PTCL
ADD=fishtail
PROX
NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
NSPEC
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘Again what is given to Little Hunchback is just another fishtail.’ 18
ʔuˑ ɬuwiʔad čəd ʔu INTJ
ɬu=wiʔa–t IRR=holler–ICS
čəd 1SG.SUB
‘ “Oh, I’ll yell.’ 19
[ʔə]ƛ’aˑ, čaʔkʷcut sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’a come.to
čaʔkʷ–t–sut seaward–ICS–REFL
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘ “Come here, monster, come down to the shore!’ 20
sč’ət’šad tiʔəʔ dsɬiltəb ʔə tə wiw’su sč’ət’šad fishtail
tiʔəʔ PROX
d=s=ɬil–t–b ʔə 1SG.PO=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS PR
‘ “What I am given by the children is fishtail.” ’
tə NSPEC
wiw’su children
352
21
Basket Ogress
x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil kikəwič x̌ʷubil x̌ʷubil quiet
x̌ʷubil quiet
x̌ʷubil quiet
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
x̌ʷubil quiet
‘ “Be quiet, be quiet, Little Hunchback, be quiet!’ 22
gʷəɬčisəb čəɬ ʔə kʷsi sƛ’alqəb gʷə=ɬčil–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ʔə PR
kʷsi REM:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘ “We might be come upon the monster.” ’ 23
ƛ’ub ɬuʔəƛ’ sƛ’alqəb ƛ’ub well
ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘ “Let the monster come!’ 24
ƛ’ub ɬuʔəƛ’ ƛ’ub well
ɬu=ʔəƛ’ IRR=come
‘ “Let her come!” ’ 25
ʔabil’əxʷ ɬčil ʔabil’=axʷ perhaps=now
ɬčil arrive
‘ “If she arrives,’ 26
gʷəl dəgʷi kʷi ɬukʷədatəb dᶻixʷ gʷəl
dəgʷi you
SCONJ
kʷi
ɬu=kʷəda–t–b
REM
IRR=taken–ICS–PASS
dᶻixʷ first
‘ “And the one who will be taken first is you.” ’ 27
ʔuˑ xʷiʔ ʔu
xʷiʔ
INTJ
NEG
‘ “Oh no.’
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
28
353
ck’ʷaqid čəd ɬuliɬšəq ck’ʷaqid čəd always 1SG.SUB
ɬu=liɬ–šq IRR=PRLV–high
‘ “I will always be up top.’ 29
[ʔə]ƛ’aˑ tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’a come.to
tsi SPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘ “Come here, monster!’ 30
ʔəƛ’a, k’ʷit’ ʔəƛ’a k’ʷit’ come.to shoreward
‘ “Come down to shore.” ’ 31
wiʔad tiʔəʔ kikəwič wiʔa–t holler–ICS
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback hollered.’ 32
xʷiʔ xʷiʔ xʷiʔ
xʷiʔ
NEG
NEG
‘ “No, no!’ 33
xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsugʷiid tsə sƛ’alqəb xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
REM
ad=s=ʔu–gʷihi–t 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–invite–ICS
‘ “Don’t call the Basket Ogress!’ 34
x̌ʷul’ ɬuɬčil x̌ʷul’ only
ɬu=ɬčil IRR=arrive
‘ “She’ll just come.” ’
tsə NSPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
354
35
Basket Ogress
diʔɬəxʷ tusləqdubs tiʔiɬ ʔuƛ’əladiʔ diʔɬ=axʷ suddenly=now
tu=s=ləq–dxʷ–b=s
tiʔiɬ
ʔu–ƛ’əladiʔ
PAST=NM=listen–DC–PASS=3PO
DIST
PFV–make.noise
‘Suddenly, a noise is heard.’ 36
ti bəck’usəd ʔə tsiʔiɬ sƛ’alqəb ti
bə=ck’usəd
SPEC
ADD=walking.stick
ʔə tsiʔiɬ PR DIST:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The walking stick of the Basket Ogress.’ 37
k’ʷtil’šad tiʔiɬ ʔəsɬid ʔal tiʔiɬ ck’ʷusəd k’ʷtil’šad rattle
tiʔiɬ
ʔas–ɬid
DIST
STAT–tied
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ
ck’ʷusəd walking.stick
DIST
‘It is the deer-hoof rattle tied to a walking stick.’ 38
xʷəx xʷəx xʷəx xʷəx ‘Rattle rattle rattle rattle.’
39
ʔəƛ’axʷ kʷədšəd tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now
kʷədšəd certainly
tsi SPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The monster is certainly coming now.’ 40
xʷiʔ xʷiʔ xʷiʔ kʷ(i) adsgʷiid xʷiʔ xʷiʔ
xʷiʔ
xʷiʔ
kʷi
NEG
NEG
NEG
REM
ad=s=gʷihi–t 2SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS
xʷiʔ NEG
‘ “No, no, don’t call her, no!” ’ 41
ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔiɬ sƛ’alqəb ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The monster arrives.’ 42
kʷədatəbəxʷ kikəwič tiʔiɬ ʔiɬdᶻixʷ kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ki–kəwič taken–ICS–PASS=now ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback is taken first.’
tiʔiɬ
ʔiɬ–dᶻixʷ
DIST
PRTV–first
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
43
355
dəgʷatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad, hikʷ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad dəkʷa–t–b inside–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad clam.basket
PROX
hikʷ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad big clam.basket
‘He is put inside a clam basket, a big clam basket.’ 44
ʔəsčəbaʔtəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ sƛ’alqəb ʔas–čəbaʔ–t–b STAT–backpack–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ
cədiɬ s/he
PROX:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘It is carried by the monster on her back.’ 45
ƛ’al’ bəkʷədatəbəxʷ tsə diič’uʔ ƛ’al’ also
bə=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
tsə
ADD=taken–ICS–PASS=now
NSPEC:FEM
diič’uʔ one:HMN
‘A girl is also taken.’ 46
ƛ’al’ budᶻalqcut tiʔəʔ kikəwič ƛ’al’ also
bə=ʔu–dᶻalq–t–sut
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
ADD=PFV–turn–ICS–REFL
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback gets himself on top [of her].’ 47
bəšəqcutəxʷ sixʷ bə=šq–t–sut=axʷ ADD=high–ICS–REFL=now
sixʷ PTCL
‘He gets himself on top again.’ 48
ʔaˑ kʷədad tsiʔəʔ d[ii]č’uʔ ʔa INTJ
kʷəda–t taken–ICS
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diič’uʔ one:HMN
‘And then (Basket Ogress) takes a girl.’ 49
kʷədad kʷəda–t taken–ICS
‘She takes her.’
356
50
Basket Ogress
gʷəl bədəgʷaš dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad gʷəl SCONJ
bə=dəkʷa–š ADD=inside–ICS
dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
tiʔəʔ
xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad clam.basket
PROX
‘And she puts her in the basket.’ 51
ƛ’al’ sixʷ bušəqcut tiʔəʔ kikəwič ƛ’al’ sixʷ also PTCL
bə=ʔu–šq–t–sut
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
ADD=PFV–high–ICS–REFL
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback raises himself again as well.’ 52
x̌ʷul’ul’ bəc’ac tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad ʔəshuyutub ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sƛ’alqəb x̌ʷul’–ul’ bəc’ac tiʔəʔ INTNS–only snake PROX tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
diʔəʔ here
xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad ʔas–huyu–txʷ–b ʔə clam.basket STAT–made–ECS–PASS PR
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The basket the Basket Ogress has made is just (composed of) snakes.’ 53
x̌ʷuˑl’ bəc’ac x̌ʷul’ bəc’ac only snake
‘Just snakes.’ 54
bəkʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sƛ’alqəb tsiʔiɬ bədiič’uʔ tul’ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔiɬgʷəd bə=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ADD=taken–ICS–PASS=now tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at
ʔə tsiʔəʔ PR PROX:FEM
tiʔiɬ
ʔiɬ–gʷəd
DIST
PRTV–down
sƛ’alqəb tsiʔiɬ monster DIST:FEM
‘A girl is taken from underneath by the Basket Ogress.’ 55
ʔululub ʔi diič’uʔ bək’ʷ tiʔiɬ kikəwič ʔululub ten:HMN
ʔi CONJ
diič’uʔ bək’ʷ tiʔiɬ one:HMN all DIST
‘Eleven people and Little Hunchback.’ 56
ʔululub ʔi diič’uʔ ʔululub ten:HMN
ʔi CONJ
‘Eleven people.’
diič’uʔ one:HMN
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
bə=diič’uʔ ADD=one:HMN
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
57
357
ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tsi SPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The Basket Ogress goes.’ 58
ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘She goes.’ 59
čubəhəxʷ čubə=axʷ go.inland=now
‘She goes inland.’ 60
ləsčəbaʔəd tiʔəʔ wiw’su stawixʷaʔɬ ləs–čəbaʔ–t PROG.STAT–backpack–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
wiw’su children
‘She is backpacking the children.’ 61
tiˑləb ʔuɬčil tiləb immediately
ʔu–ɬčil PFV–arrive
‘They arrive right away.’ 62
hudičup ɬi wiw’su hud•i•čup burn•CNN•fire
ɬi 2PL.IMP
‘ “Start a fire, children!” ’ 63
hudičup ɬi hud•i•čup burn•CNN•fire
‘ “Start a fire!” ’
ɬi 2PL.IMP
wiw’su children
stawixʷaʔɬ children
358
64
Basket Ogress
hudičup tsi sƛ’alqəb hud•i•čup burn•CNN•fire
tsi SPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The Basket Ogress makes a fire.’ 65
hudičup tsi sƛ’alqəb hud•i•čup tsi burn•CNN•fire SPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The Basket Ogress makes a fire.’ 66
ɬudxʷsədiləxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ ɬu=dxʷs–həd–il=axʷ tiʔəʔ IRR=CTD–warm–INCH=now PROX
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
‘The stones will be warmed up in that.’ 67
č’ƛ’aʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ hud č’ƛ’aʔ stone
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
dəxʷ=ʔa ADNM=be.there
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
hud burn
‘Here where the fire is are rocks.’ 68
diɬ dəxʷuhududs əlgʷəʔ diɬ
dəxʷ=ʔu–hudu–t=s
əlgʷəʔ
FOC
ADNM=PFV–burn–ICS=3PO
PL
‘That is where they burn them.’ 69
tiləbəxʷ ʔukʷədatəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ tiʔəʔ ck’ʷusəd tiləb=axʷ ʔu–kʷəda–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ immediately=now PFV–taken–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX ck’ʷusəd walking.stick
‘The walking stick is grabbed by the children.’ 70
ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire
ɬi 2PL.IMP
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘ “Get out of the fire, children!’
stawixʷaʔɬ children
tiʔəʔ PROX
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
71
359
ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire
ɬi 2PL.IMP
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘ “Get out of the fire, children!” ’ 72
ləcutəlšəd tsi dəgʷi, sƛ’alqəb! ləcu–təls•šəd tsi CONT–dance•leg SPEC:FEM
dəgʷi sƛ’alqəb you monster
‘ “You are doing the foot-drumming dance, Basket Ogress!” ’ 73
ləcutəlšəd ləcu–təls•šəd CONT–dance•leg
‘She is dancing.’ 74
gʷəl tux̌ʷ ʔəsdᶻubalikʷ gʷəl SCONJ
tux̌ʷ just
ʔas–dᶻub–alikʷ STAT–kick–act
‘She’s just dancing.’ 75
higʷəxʷ ʔəsdxʷsədiləxʷ tiʔiɬ č’ƛ’aʔ hikʷ=axʷ big=now
ʔas–dxʷs–həd–il=axʷ
tiʔiɬ
STAT–CTD–warm–INCH=now
DIST
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
‘The stones are getting very hot (in the fire).’ 76
ɬač’ad ɬi tiʔiɬ hud, stawixʷaʔɬ ɬač’a–t extinguished–ICS
ɬi tiʔiɬ hud 2PL.IMP DIST burn
‘ “Put out the fire, children!’ 77
ɬač’ad ɬi tiʔiɬ hud ɬač’a–t extinguished–ICS
‘ “Put out the fire!” ’
ɬi 2PL.IMP
tiʔiɬ DIST
hud burn
stawixʷaʔɬ children
360
78
Basket Ogress
xʷiʔ tsi sƛ’alqəb, xʷiʔ xʷiʔ
tsi
NEG
SPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
xʷiʔ NEG
‘ “No, Basket Ogress, no.’ 79
xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬač’[s] xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬač’=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–exinguished=3PO
‘ “It won’t go out.’ 80
yaʔɬ čəɬ ləcuɬač’ad yaʔɬ čəɬ unable 1PL.SUB
ləcu–ɬač’a–t CONT–extinguish–ICS
‘ “We can’t put it out.” ’ 81
ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire
ɬi 2PL.IMP
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘Get out of the fire, children!’ 82
ɬalil ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ ɬalil remove.from.fire
ɬi stawixʷaʔɬ 2PL.IMP children
‘Get out of the fire, children!’ 83
huy dᶻubdᶻubalikʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ
dᶻub–dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ DSTR–kick–act=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘Then the children danced.’ 84
ləcuɬalšəbəxʷ dəgʷi, tsi sƛ’alqəb ləcu–ɬal–š–b=axʷ CONT–remove.from.fire–ICS–PASS=now
dəgʷi you
tsi SPEC:FEM
‘ “You are being taken out of the fire now, Basket Ogress.’
sƛ’alqəb monster
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
85
361
ləcuɬalšəbəxʷ ləcu–ɬal–š–b=axʷ CONT–remove.from.fire–ICS–PASS=now
‘ “You are being taken out of the fire.” ’ 86
xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬalšid[s] xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬal–š–id=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–remove.from.fire–ICS–PASS.SBRD=3PO
‘She is not taken out of the fire.’ 87
xʷiʔ gʷəsuɬaldxʷ čəɬ tsi dəgʷi xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–ɬal–dxʷ
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–remove.from.fire–DC
čəɬ 1PL.PO
tsi SPEC:FEM
‘ “We can’t get you out of the fire.” ’ 88
ʔaˑ, kʷədadəxʷ ʔa INTJ
kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
‘Oh, they take it.’ 89
kʷədadəxʷ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
‘They take it.’ 90
hudəxʷ hudəxʷ hudəxʷ hudəxʷ tiʔəʔ hud hud=axʷ hud=axʷ hud=axʷ hud=axʷ burn=now burn=now burn=now burn=now
‘The wood burns, it burns, it burns, it burns.’ 91
gʷəl ɬač’ gʷəl SCONJ
ɬač’ extinguished
‘And it goes out.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
hud burn
dəgʷi you
362
92
Basket Ogress
yaʔɬ ləcuɬaldub tsiʔəʔ sƛ’alqəb yaʔɬ unable
ləcu–ɬal–dxʷ–b CONT–remove.from.fire–DC–PASS
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘The Basket Ogress isn’t removed from the fire.’ 93
ʔaˑ, ɬalš čəɬ tsi sƛ’alqəb ʔa INTJ
ɬal–š remove.from.fire–ICS
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
tsi SPEC:FEM
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘ “Oh, we were taking the Basket Ogress out of the fire.’ 94
gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsukʷədxʷ čəɬ gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–kʷəda–dxʷ
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–taken–DC
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “And we couldn’t get her (out).” ’ 95
tiˑləbəxʷ x̌əɬ ti ʔusaʔsxʷəb tiʔəʔ kikəwič tiləb=axʷ x̌əɬ‿ti ʔu–saʔ–sxʷəb immediately=now seemingly PFV–ATTN–run
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Right then it seems that Little Hunchback had scurried off.’ 96
huy k’ʷit’əxʷ huy SCONJ
k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now
‘Then he goes shoreward.’ 97
k’ʷit’əxʷ k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now
‘He goes shoreward.’ 98
ʔux̌ʷ ʔux̌ʷ go
‘He goes.’
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
99
363
gʷəl ɬčil dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ q’il’bid gʷəl
ɬčil arrive
SCONJ
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔiɬ q’il’bid canoe
CNTRPT–at DIST
‘Then he gets to his canoe.’ 100 ɬčil ɬčil arrive
‘He arrives.’ 101 tiˑləb kikəwič tiʔiɬ ʔiɬdᶻixʷ tiləb ki–kəwič tiʔiɬ immediately ATTN–hunchback DIST
ʔiɬ–dᶻixʷ PRTV–first
‘Right then Little Hunchback is first.’ 102 ɬušədᶻt ɬu=šədᶻt IRR=bow
‘He will be in the bow.’ 103 xʷiʔ, xʷiʔ kikəwič, xʷiʔ xʷiʔ
xʷiʔ
ki–kəwič
xʷiʔ
NEG
NEG
ATTN–hunchback
NEG
‘ “No, no, Little Hunchback, no.’ 104 ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔudəgʷiɬ kʷ(i) adsq’il ʔal at
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔudəkʷ•gʷiɬ kʷi ad=s=q’ili centre•canoe REM 2SG.PO=NM=aboard
‘ “You should be in the centre of the canoe.’ 105 ʔal diʔilaq kʷ(i) adsq’il ʔal at
diʔilaq stern
kʷi REM
ad=s=q’ili 2SG.PO=NM=aboard
‘ “You sit in the stern.” ’
364
Basket Ogress
106 xʷiʔ xʷiʔ NEG
‘No.’ 107 xʷiʔ gʷəsq’ilitəbs tiʔəʔ kikəwič xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=q’ili–t–b=s
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
NEG
SBJ=NM=aboard–ICS–PASS=3PO
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback was not put on board.’ 108 huy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘Well, the children go.’ 109 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ dxʷʔal kʷədiʔ dəxʷɬaʔs əlgʷəʔ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal go=now CNTRPT–at
kʷədiʔ
dəxʷ=ɬaʔ=s
əlgʷəʔ
REM.DMA
ADNM=arrive=3PO
PL
‘They go towards their destination.’ 110 huy ʔupusutəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔə tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ huy SCONJ
ʔu–pusu–t–b=axʷ əlgʷəʔ PFV–thrown–ICS–PASS=now PL
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
‘Stones are thrown at them by Little Hunchback.’ 111 x̌alalx̌al x̌al–al–x̌al DSTR–INTNS–get.just.desserts
‘ “That’s what you get!’ 112 x̌alalx̌al x̌al–al–x̌al DSTR–INTNS–get.just.desserts
‘ “That’s what you get!” ’
ki–kəwič ʔə ATTN–hunchback PR
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
365
113 tuxʷəƛ’ tiʔiɬ x̌ʷubts əlgʷəʔ tu=xʷəƛ’ PAST=break
tiʔiɬ
x̌ʷubt–s paddle–3PO
DIST
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Their paddle broke.’ 114 ʔuɬčiləxʷ tiʔəʔ wiw’su dxʷʔal ti dəxʷtul’ʔas əlgʷəʔ ʔu–ɬčil=axʷ PFV–arrive=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
wiw’su children
dəxʷ=tul’–ʔa=s NM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO
dxʷ–ʔal
ti
CNTRPT–at
SPEC
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They got back to where they had come from.’ 115 ʔuʔəx̌itxʷ čələp ʔu–ʔəx̌id–txʷ PFV–what.happen–ECS
čələp 2PL.SUB
‘ “What did you guys do to him?’ 116 ʔuʔəx̌itxʷ ti stuʔtəbšləp ʔu–ʔəx̌id–txʷ ti PFV–what.happen–ECS SPEC
stuʔ–təbš–lap ATTN–man–2PL.PO
‘ “What happened to your only man?” ’ 117 bək’ʷ sɬəɬadəyʔ bək’ʷ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ all PL–woman
‘They are all women.’ 118 sɬaaɬədəyʔ tiʔiʔiɬ sɬa–a–ɬədəyʔ tiʔ–iʔiɬ ATTN–PL–woman PL–DIST
‘They are girls.’ 119 xʷiʔ gʷəstutubš xʷiʔ
gʷə=stu–tubš
NEG
SBJ=ATTN–man
‘There are no boys.’
366
Basket Ogress
120 ʔuɬəgʷɬ čəɬ ʔu–ɬəgʷɬ PFV–leave
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We left him.’ 121 ʔuɬəgʷɬ čəɬ ti kikəwič ʔu–ɬəgʷɬ PFV–leave
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ti
ki–kəwič
SPEC
ATTN–hunchback
‘ “We left Little Hunchback.’ 122 diɬ tiʔiɬ xʷiʔ gʷəsuq’als diɬ
tiʔiɬ
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–q’al=s
FOC
DIST
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–believe=3PO
‘ “He is the one who didn’t believe it.’ 123 ƛ’uqəldxʷ čəɬ ƛ’u=qəl–dxʷ HAB=bad–DC
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
‘ “We were warning him.’ 124 gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsuləqs gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔu–ləq=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–listen=3PO
‘ “And he didn’t listen.” ’ 125 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well
‘ “Okay.’ 126 ƛ’ub kʷi sɬəgʷɬləp ƛ’ub well
kʷi
s=ɬəgʷɬ=lap
REM
NM=leave=2PL.PO
‘ “It is okay that you left him.” ’
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
367
127 huy ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔiɬ scapaʔs huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ tiʔiɬ go=now DIST
scapaʔ–s grandfather–3PO
‘Then his grandfather goes.’ 128 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘He goes.’ 129 gʷəč’ədaxʷ tiʔiɬ kikəwič gʷəč’–t=axʷ search–ICS=now
tiʔiɬ
ki–kəwič
DIST
ATTN–hunchback
‘He looks for Little Hunchback.’ 130 ɬčiˑl tiʔiɬ scapaʔ ʔə kikəwič ɬčil arrive
tiʔiɬ DIST
scapaʔ ʔə grandfather PR
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback’s grandfather arrives.’ 131 q’ilidəxʷ tiʔəʔ ʔibac q’ili–t=axʷ aboard–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔibac grandchild
‘He puts his grandchild aboard.’ 132 bubx̌əd bubx̌əd horsetail
‘There are horsetails.’ 133 bubx̌əd tiʔəʔ dəxʷq’ilids bubx̌əd horsetail
tiʔəʔ
dəxʷ=q’ili–t=s
PROX
ADNM=aboard–ICS=3PO
‘Where he puts him aboard there are horsetails.’
368
Basket Ogress
134 tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔiɬʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ q’il’bids, bubx̌əd tiʔəʔ PROX
dəxʷ=ʔiɬ–ʔa ʔə NM=PRTV–be.there PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO
bubx̌əd horsetail
‘Where their canoe is, horsetails.’ 135 ʔuʔəx̌idəxʷ ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ PFV–what.happen=now
‘ “What happened?’ 136 ʔuʔəx̌idəxʷ ti dəxʷɬəgʷɬləp ti susuq’ʷaʔləp ʔu–ʔəx̌id=axʷ PFV–what.happen=now
ti
dəxʷ=ɬəgʷɬ=lap
ti
SPEC
ADNM=leave=2PL.PO
SPEC
su–suq’ʷaʔ–lap ATTN–younger.sibling–2PL.PO
‘ “Why did you leave your younger brother?” ’ 137 ʔuˑ diɬəxʷ tiʔəʔ [dəxʷ]gʷiids tsi sƛ’alqəb gʷətuɬčiləs čɬa gʷətuhudutəb ʔə tsə sƛ’alqəb ʔu INTJ
diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
tiʔəʔ
dəxʷ=gʷihi–t=s
tsi
PROX
ADNM=invite–ICS=3PO
SPEC:FEM
gʷə=tu=ɬčil=as SBJ=PAST=arrive=3SBRD tsə NSPEC:FEM
čɬa 1PL.COORD
sƛ’alqəb monster
gʷə=tu=hudu–t–b SBJ=PAST=burn–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
sƛ’alqəb monster
‘ “Oh, he’s the one who called the Basket Ogress when she came, and we would have been cooked by the Basket Ogress.’ 138
diɬəxʷ ti dəxʷəsdukʷtxʷ čəɬ čɬa x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔuɬəgʷɬəgʷɬ diɬ=axʷ ti dəxʷ=ʔas–dukʷtxʷ čəɬ FOC=now SPEC ADNM=STAT–be.angry.at 1PL.PO
čɬa 1PL.COORD
ʔu–ɬəgʷ–ɬəgʷɬ PFV–DSTR–leave
‘ “That is why we got mad at him and so we just left him.” ’
x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
tsi sqʷuʷaɬ Louise Anderson
369
139 huy ɬčiləxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔalʔal ʔə tiʔiɬ yəl’yəlabs huy SCONJ
ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
ʔalʔal house
‘Then they arrived home to their parents.’
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
yəl’–yəlab–s
DIST
DSTR–elder–3PO
6 ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson c. 1888–1980
Martin Sampson in 1913. Swinomish Tribal Archive.
Martin Sampson was born in Skagit County, Washington, to Joseph Sampson and Susie Sampson Peter. Following his early education at the Swinomish Day School, he attended Chemawa Indian School in Salem, Oregon, graduating in 1908. After two additional years at the Hampton Institute, Sampson returned to Skagit County, where he began his political life advocating for the treaty rights of Native Americans. He actively participated in the landmark Duwamish et al. v. United States treaty litigation of the 1920s and early ’30s, and was a prominent figure in the pivotal political group the Northwest Federation of American Indians, which he served as president in the 1930s. Sampson was elected to the first Swinomish Tribal Senate formed after the tribe adopted the Indian
372
Chapter 6
Martin Sampson and his wife, Cecilia “Betty” Willup, with Vi Hilbert. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.
Reorganization Act, and served as a senator, and later Tribal Chairman, until the early 1950s. He then relocated to Tacoma, Washington, where he lived out his life. – Theresa L. Trebon Records Manager – Tribal Archivist Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
373
Basket Ogress
as told by ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson1
1
ƛ’uʔəƛ’ tiʔiɬə kikiʔalus stawixʷaʔɬ tubibƛ’aʔɬ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swədəbš ƛ’u=ʔəƛ’ HAB=come tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔiɬə
kikiʔalus Kikialus
DIST
stawixʷaʔɬ children
tu=bibƛ’aʔɬ
dxʷ–ʔal
PAST=picnic
CNTRPT–at
swədəbš Snohomish
‘The Kikiallus children always come and have a picnic at Snohomish.’ 2
day’ tiʔəʔ kikəwič ləgʷəb stubš kʷi ɬuʔux̌ʷtxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔaˑl tiʔəʔ day’ uniquely tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
stawixʷaʔɬ children
ʔal at
ləgʷəb youth
stubš man
kʷi
ɬu=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ
REM
IRR=go–ECS
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘The one who takes the children is Little Hunchback, a youth.’ 3
dəxʷʔahəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ swədəbš dəxʷ=ʔa=axʷ ADNM=be.there=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
swədəbš Snohomish
‘They are from Snohomish.’ 4
xʷiwuʔc dəxʷʔahəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ xʷiwuʔc Xwiwuts
dəxʷ=ʔa=axʷ ADNM=be.there=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘Xwiwuts, that is where the children are from.’ 5
ɬax̌iləxʷ ɬax̌–il=axʷ dark–INCH=now
‘It gets dark now.’
1
Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 13 December 1977, with Martin Sampson, a speaker of the Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert, 3 January 1983; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.
374
6
Basket Ogress
ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ, ʔax̌ʷadus ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ woman
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘This woman, Basket Ogress, arrives.’ 7
ʔa haw’əʔ ʔal tiʔiɬ ʔa be.there
haw’əʔ PTCL
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘She is right there.’ 8
xʷiʔ gʷəsəsaydubs ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷiʔ gʷə=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ–b=s NEG SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC–PASS=3PO
ʔə PR
‘It is not known by the children.’ 9
ɬčiləxʷ ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
‘She arrives.’ 10
gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ gʷəl SCONJ
kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
‘And she takes the children.’ 11
kʷədabidəxʷ kʷəda–bi–t=axʷ taken–MAP–ICS=now
‘She captures them.’ 12
kʷədad tiʔəʔ kʷəda–t taken–ICS
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘She takes them.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
13
375
gʷəl lədəgʷaš gʷəl
lə=dəkʷa–š
SCONJ
PROG=inside–ICS
‘And she’s putting them inside.’ 14
lədəgʷaš dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔads lə=dəkʷa–š PROG=inside–ICS
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
CNTRPT–at
PROX
xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad–s clam.basket–3PO
‘She is putting them in her clam basket.’ 15
ʔahiləxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔa–il=axʷ be.there–INCH=now
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback comes to be there.’ 16
luƛ’əxʷ kʷaʔ tiʔəʔ stubš luƛ’=axʷ old=now
kʷaʔ
tiʔəʔ
PTCL
PROX
stubš man
‘This man is really an adult.’ 17
kʷədad kʷəda–t taken–ICS
‘She takes him.’ 18
gʷəl dəgʷaš dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔads ʔal sukʷədatəbs ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ gʷəl SCONJ
dəkʷa–š inside–ICS
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
CNTRPT–at
PROX
s=ʔu–kʷəda–t–b=s NM=PFV–taken–ICS–PASS=3PO
ʔə PR
xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad–s ʔal clam.basket–3PO at tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ woman
‘And she puts him in her clam basket as he is taken by that woman.’ 19
ʔahəd tiʔiɬ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔa–t be.there–ICS
tiʔiɬ DIST
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘She puts the children there.’
376
20
Basket Ogress
ck’ʷaqid ləʔəƛ’ tiʔiɬ kikəwič ck’ʷaqid always
lə=ʔəƛ’
tiʔiɬ
ki–kəwič
PROG=come
DIST
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback always comes (out on top).’ 21
ləkiis dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ sxʷiʔs gʷəsgʷədils lə=kiis dxʷ–ʔal PROG=stand CNTRPT–at
tiʔiɬ
s=xʷiʔ=s
gʷə=s=gʷəd–il=s
DIST
NM=NEG=3PO
SBJ=NM=down–INCH=3PO
‘He is standing so as not to be underneath.’ 22
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔuləč’iləxʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔi tiʔəʔ kikəwič x̌ʷul’=axʷ ʔu–ləč’–il=axʷ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔi tiʔəʔ only=now PFV–full–INCH=now PROX children CONJ PROX ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘It fills up with children and Little Hunchback.’ 23
huy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then they go.’ 24
ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘They go.’ 25
t’uk’ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔalʔals t’uk’ʷ=axʷ go.home=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ woman
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔiɬ
CNTRPT–at
DIST
ʔalʔal–s house–3PO
‘The woman goes to her home.’ 26
t’aq’təxʷ ʔaləxʷ tiʔəʔ t’aq’tbidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷəsɬaɬliləxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ, ʔalʔalʔal t’aq’t=axʷ inland=now
ʔal=axʷ at=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
t’aq’t–bid=axʷ ʔə inland–RLNL=now PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
377
dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil=axʷ ADNM=STAT–live=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔal–ʔalʔal DSTR–house
‘It is up inland, on the inland side of where they dwell, of their houses.’ 27
ʔux̌ʷtubəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ [dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ] t’aq’tbidəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ dəxʷəsɬaɬlil ʔə tiʔiʔəʔ, tiʔəʔ tul’ʔal xʷiwuʔc ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at ʔə PR
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
tiʔiɬ
t’aq’t–bid=axʷ inland–RLNL=now
DIST
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
tiʔəʔ
tul’–ʔal CNTRFG–at
PROX
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
tiʔəʔ
dəxʷ=ʔas–ɬaɬlil
PROX
ADNM=STAT–live
xʷiwuʔc Xwiwuts
‘The children are taken by the Basket Ogress up inland to where they live, those from Xwiwuts.’ 28
gʷəl ɬaʔ dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔalʔals gʷəl SCONJ
ɬaʔ arrive
dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
tiʔiɬ DIST
‘They come to her house.’ 29
hiˑkʷ tiʔəʔ ʔalʔals hikʷ big
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔalʔal–s house–3PO
‘Her house is big.’ 30
huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now
‘And then she dances.’ 31
ɬusʔəɬəds tiʔiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ɬu=sʔəɬəd–s IRR=food–3PO
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘The children will be her food.’
ʔalʔal–s house–3PO
378
32
Basket Ogress
gʷəl ʔal tiʔəʔ suʔux̌ʷs, sučubəs, dxʷscutəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=s NM=PFV–go=3PO
dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ CTD–say–DSD=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
s=ʔu–čubə=s NM=PFV–go.inland=3PO
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘Then as she goes, as she goes inland, Little Hunchback thinks,’ 33
cukʷ kʷi gʷədsaxʷəb cukʷ only
kʷi
gʷə=d=s=saxʷəb
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=jump
‘ “I could just run away.’ 34
xʷiʔ gʷəsəsaydxʷs xʷiʔ gʷə=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ=s NEG SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO
‘ “She won’t know it.” ’ 35
x̌ʷul’ ƛ’uləʔahil ʔə tiʔiɬ suč’itil [ʔə tiʔiɬ swətixʷtəd] x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=ʔa–il ʔə only HAB=PROG=be.there–INCH PR tiʔiɬ DIST
tiʔiɬ
s=ʔu–č’it–il
DIST
NM=PFV–near–INCH
swətixʷtəd tree
‘They are always coming close to trees.’ 36
kʷədalc tiʔəʔ kikəwič kʷəda•alc taken•limb
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback grabs on to a limb.’ 37
gʷəl kʷədalcəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
kʷəd•alc=axʷ taken•limb=now
‘And he grabs a limb.’ 38
gʷəd kʷaʔyalc gʷəd down
kʷaʔ•y•alc released•CNN•limb
‘He releases the limb.’
ʔə PR
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
39
379
ʔuɬik’ʷ tiʔəʔ dsəsčəbaʔ ʔu–ɬik’ʷ PFV–hooked
tiʔəʔ
d=s=ʔas–čəbaʔ 1SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack
PROX
‘ “What I am carrying has gotten caught,” ’ 40
ƛ’ucut tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ƛ’u=cut HAB=say
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘Basket Ogress always says.’ 41
ʔaləxʷ tiʔəʔ sʔahilsəxʷ tiʔəʔ sɬčils dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəč’uʔ swətixʷtəd ʔal=axʷ at=now
tiʔəʔ
s=ʔa–il=s=axʷ
tiʔəʔ
s=ɬčil=s
PROX
NM=be.there–INCH=3PO=now
PROX
NM=arrive=3PO
dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
tiʔəʔ
dəč’uʔ one
PROX
swətixʷtəd tree
‘When she gets to that tree,’ 42
kʷədalcəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič kʷəd•alc=axʷ taken•limb=now
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback grabs a limb.’ 43
sət’cut tul’ʔal tiʔəʔ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad sət’–t–sut lifted–ICS–REFL
tul’–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
CNTRFG–at
PROX
xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad clam.basket
‘He lifts himself out of the basket.’ 44
ʔaˑ gʷəl, ʔux̌ʷ ʔa
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ go
‘Oh, and she goes off.’ 45
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔuʔux̌ʷ tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ
tsiʔiɬ
PFV–go
DIST:FEM
‘The Basket Ogress just goes.’
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
380
46
Basket Ogress
huy, təlawiləxʷ huy SCONJ
təlawil=axʷ run=now
‘Then he runs.’ 47
bəlkʷaxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ q’il’bids bəlkʷ=axʷ return=now
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔiɬ
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
CNTRPT–at
DIST
q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO
‘Little Hunchback returns to his canoe.’ 48
tul’ʔahəxʷ gʷəl t’uk’ʷəxʷ dxʷʔal ʔəcəladiʔ tul’–ʔa=axʷ CNTRFG–be.there=now
gʷəl
t’uk’ʷ=axʷ go.home=now
SCONJ
dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
ʔəcəladiʔ Utsallady
‘From there he goes home to Utsallady.’ 49
gʷaagʷədəxʷ gʷaagʷəd=axʷ converse=now
‘They confer.’ 50
ʔahəxʷ kʷaʔ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ ʔa=axʷ be.there=now
kʷaʔ
tiʔəʔ
PTCL
PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘But there now are the children.’ 51
ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷʔal tiʔiɬ ʔalʔals ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
tsiʔəʔ
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
PROX:FEM
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔiɬ
CNTRPT–at
DIST
‘The Basket Ogress arrives at her house.’ 52
huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now
‘Then she dances.’ 53
hiˑkʷ ʔa tiʔiɬ bədbədaʔs, sgʷaʔs bədbədaʔs hikʷ ʔa big be.there
tiʔiɬ
bəd–bədaʔ–s
DIST
DSTR–offspring–3PO
sgʷaʔ–s one’s.own–3PO
ʔalʔal–s house–3PO
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
381
bəd–bədaʔ–s DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘Her many children are there, her own children.’ 54
huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus huy SCONJ
dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘Then she dances.’ 55
ləʔil, ləʔil, ləʔil, ləʔil lə=ʔili PROG=sing
lə=ʔili
lə=ʔili
lə=ʔili
PROG=sing
PROG=sing
PROG=sing
‘She is singing, she is singing, she is singing, she is singing.’ 56
dsbali tiʔəʔ st’ilibs, tiʔəʔ tusyəw’ds d=s=bali 1SG.PO=NM=forget
tiʔəʔ PROX
st’ilib–s song–3PO
tiʔəʔ
tu=syəw’d–s
PROX
PAST=spirit.power–3PO
‘I forget her song, her power song.’ 57
diʔɬəxʷ kʷi scut ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔiɬluƛ’, ʔiɬluƛ’ diʔɬ=axʷ suddenly=now
kʷi
s=cut
REM
NM=say
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
ʔiɬ–luƛ’
ʔiɬ–luƛ’
PROX
PRTV–old
PRTV–old
‘Abruptly the oldest of them says,’ 58
ʔuˑ, ʔal tiʔəʔ suʔux̌ʷs [ʔal tiʔəʔ] sulabid čəɬ čɬa gʷəx̌ədəd ʔu
ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX
INTJ
čɬa 1PL.COORD
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=s ʔal NM=PFV–go=3PO at
tiʔəʔ PROX
sula–bid centred–RLNL
gʷə=x̌əd–t SBJ=push–ICS
‘ “Hey, as she goes between us and the fire we could push her’ 59
gʷəl gʷədᶻaq’ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hud gʷəl
gʷə=dᶻaq’
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
SBJ=fall
CNTRPT–at
PROX
‘ “And she might topple into the fire.” ’
hud burn
čəɬ 1PL.PO
382
60
Basket Ogress
ʔəshuyəxʷ tiʔiʔəʔ ʔas–huyu=axʷ STAT–made=now
tiʔ–iʔəʔ PL–PROX
‘They are ready.’ 61
x̌ədədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ x̌əd–t=axʷ pushed–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ
tiʔəʔ
PL
PROX
‘They push her.’ 62
huy, ɬaq’əxʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ hud huy SCONJ
ɬaq’a=axʷ fallen=now
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ
hud burn
PROX
‘Then, she falls into the fire.’ 63
gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ qʷiqʷiqʷɬayʔ gʷəl SCONJ
kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ
tiʔiɬ
qʷi–qʷi–qʷɬayʔ
PL
DIST
ATTN–ATTN–log
‘And they take sticks.’ 64
gʷəl ck’ʷaqidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔəsbiq’id dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hud gʷəl SCONJ
ck’ʷaqid=axʷ əlgʷəʔ always=now PL
ʔas–biq’i–t
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
STAT–pressed–ICS
CNTRPT–at
PROX
‘And they keep pressing her down into the fire.’ 65
cutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus cut=axʷ say=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘The Basket Ogress says,’ 66
kʷaxʷac ɬi gʷədskiisdubut ʔal tiʔəʔ kʷaxʷa–t–s ɬi gʷə=d=s=kiis–dxʷ–but ʔal help–ICS–1SG.OBJ 2PL.IMP SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=stand–DC–REFL at
‘ “Help me stand up in here!” ’
tiʔəʔ PROX
hud burn
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
67
383
cutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ stawixʷaʔɬ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ
stawixʷaʔɬ children
DIST
‘She is told by the children,’ 68
ləcukʷaxʷad čəɬ ti dəgʷi ləcu–kʷaxʷa–t CONT–help–ICS
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ti SPEC
dəgʷi you
‘ “We are helping you.’ 69
gʷəl hiqəb čəxʷ x̌əb gʷəl SCONJ
hiqəb čəxʷ excessively 2SG.SUB
x̌əb heavy
‘ “And you are too heavy.” ’ 70
kʷaʔ x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ ləcubiq’id dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hud kʷaʔ PTCL
x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əlgʷəʔ
ləcu–biq’i–t
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
PL
CONT–pressed–ICS
CNTRPT–at
PROX
hud burn
‘However, they just press her into the fire.’ 71
ʔaˑ gʷəl, ʔatəbəd tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ʔa
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
ʔatəbəd die
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘Oh, and the Basket Ogress dies.’ 72
diɬəxʷ dəxʷt’uk’ʷəxʷ ʔə tiʔiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷʔal xʷiwuʔc diɬ=axʷ dəxʷ=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ ʔə tiʔ–iʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ dxʷ–ʔal xʷiwuʔc FOC=now ADNM=go.home=now PR PL–PROX children CNTRPT–at Xwiwuts
‘That is how the children get home to Xwiwuts.’ 73
ʔaˑ, x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔa ʔa INTJ
x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ʔa be.there
‘Ah, it seems there is this.’
384
74
Basket Ogress
gʷəl ʔəƛ’axʷ tiʔiɬ kikiʔalus gʷəl SCONJ
ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now
tiʔiɬ
kikiʔalus Kikialus
DIST
‘And those from Kikiallus come.’ 75
gʷəl ʔəy’dxʷaxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ bədbədaʔs əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔəy’–dxʷ=axʷ find–DC=now
əlgʷəʔ
tiʔəʔ
bəd–bədaʔ–s
əlgʷəʔ
PL
PROX
DSTR–offspring–3PO
PL
‘And they find their children.’ 76
ʔəƛ’tub ʔə tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔəƛ’–txʷ–b come–ECS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘They are brought by Little Hunchback.’ 77
ʔuˑ, ʔal tiʔiɬ sdᶻixʷs ʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ kikəwič tuq’il ʔal tiʔiɬ q’il’bids ʔu
ʔal tiʔiɬ s=dᶻixʷ=s ʔux̌ʷ ʔə at DIST NM=first=3PO go PR
INTJ
tu=q’ili PAST=aboard
ʔal at
tiʔiɬ DIST
tiʔiɬ
ki–kəwič
DIST
ATTN–hunchback
q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO
‘Well, before, when Little Hunchback went, he was aboard his canoe.’ 78
ɬčiləxʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘Basket Ogress arrives.’ 79
kʷədadəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
‘She takes boulders.’ 80
gʷəl pusudəxʷ tiʔəʔ kikəwič gʷəl SCONJ
pusu–t=axʷ thrown–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘And she throws them at Little Hunchback.’
ʔalataɬ Martin Sampson
81
385
diɬəxʷ dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ sbababadil, dəxʷʔahəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ town of La Conner diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
dəxʷ=ʔa
ʔə PR
ADNM=be.there
dəxʷ=ʔa=axʷ ADNM=be.there=now
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
sba–ba–badil
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–mountain
tiʔəʔ
town town
PROX
of of
La.Conner La.Conner
‘That’s why there are so many little mountains, why there is a town of La Conner.’ 82
ʔux̌ʷ tiʔəʔ McGlenn Island, hay’qi[d] ʔux̌ʷ go
tiʔəʔ PROX
McGlenn McGlenn
Island Island
hay’qid hay’qid
‘That goes for McGlenn Island, and hay’qid.’2 83
diɬ tudəxʷupusutəbs ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ kikəwič diɬ
tu=dəxʷ=ʔu–pusu–t–b=s
FOC
PAST=ADNM=PFV–thrown–ICS–PASS=3PO
tiʔəʔ
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
PROX
‘It is because Little Hunchback had boulders thrown at him by the Basket Ogress.’ 84
ck’ʷaqid lətəlčbid tiʔəʔ ck’ʷaqid always
lə=təlč–bi–t
tiʔəʔ
PROG=miss–MAP–ICS
PROX
‘She is always missing him.’ 85
diɬ šac’ ʔə tiʔəʔ syəyəhub diɬ
s=šac’
FOC
NM=finish
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
syəyəhub legend
‘That is the end of this story.’ 86
haʔɬ syəyəhub haʔɬ good
syəyəhub legend
VH: ‘It’s a good story.’ 2
hay’qid is the name of an unidentified mountain near McGlenn Island.
7 Dewey Mitchell c. 1898–1981
Dewey Mitchell in 1977. Photo courtesy of the Mitchell family.
Dewey Mitchell (c. 1898-1981) was born in the Upper Skagit watershed to Charlie Mitchell and Julia Sious. Following his mother’s death in 1904, he was raised on the Tulalip Reservation, where he attended the Tulalip Boarding School. In 1921 he married Winifred Fryberg of Tulalip and in 1933 they moved to the Swinomish Reservation, where their three children were raised. Dewey was a prominent person in the Swinomish community, respected as a carrier of tradition and frequently called upon to speak at funerals and gatherings because of his wisdom. He served his community as a member of the Swinomish Tribal Senate from 1936 to 1981 and as the Swinomish Tribal Chairman from 1962 to 1971. In 1966 Mitchell became the Swinomish Home Visitor, a role he held until his death, daily ensuring that tribal children attended school on a regular
388
Chapter 7
basis. He frequently helped his cousin,Vi Hilbert,1 with transcriptions and translations of other people’s stories but recorded material of his own only after some coaxing. The results were the Basket Ogress legend found in this volume, an account of the Naming Ceremony, and an hour-long lesson on the Lushootseed concept of x̌əč, the intellect or mind. – Theresa L. Trebon Records Manager – Tribal Archivist Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
1
Census records indicate that Mitchell was distantly related, if at all, to Vi Hilbert. Dewey’s mother died when he was a child and his father apparently then married, or lived with, Annie Meigs, the sister of Charlie Anderson, who was Vi Hilbert’s stepfather.
Dewey Mitchell
389
Basket Ogress
as told by Dewey Mitchell2
1
ʔuˑ, həbuʔ ʔu
həbuʔ haboo
INTJ
‘Oh, haboo,’ 2
gʷəl tasɬaɬlil tiʔiɬ kikəwič gʷəl
tu=ʔas–ɬaɬlil
SCONJ
PAST=STAT–live
tiʔiɬ ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
DIST
‘And Little Hunchback dwelled there.’ 3
qəldub gʷəxʷiʔəs kʷi suʔukʷukʷs ɬuɬax̌iləxʷəs qəl–dxʷ–b bad–DC–PASS
gʷə=xʷiʔ=as
kʷi
s=ʔu–ʔukʷukʷ=s
SBJ=NEG=3SBRD
REM
NM=PFV–play=3PO
ɬu=ɬax̌–il=axʷ=as IRR=dark–INCH=now=3SBRD
‘He is told not to play when it gets dark.’ 4
x̌ʷul’ ʔiɬdᶻak’ʷadiʔəd tiʔəʔ suq’ʷsuq’ʷaʔs, tiʔəʔ ʔalalšs x̌ʷul’ only
ʔiɬ–dᶻak’ʷadiʔ–t
tiʔəʔ
suq’ʷ–suq’ʷaʔ–s
tiʔəʔ
PRTV–invite–ICS
PROX
DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO
PROX
ʔal–alš–s PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘Only, he invites his younger brothers and his siblings.’ 5
huy ƛ’uʔukʷukʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
ƛ’u=ʔukʷukʷ=axʷ HAB=play=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They always play.’
2
Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 16 August 1979, at Swinomish with Dewey Mitchell, a speaker of the Swinomish dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.
390
6
Basket Ogress
gʷəʔəx̌idəxʷ čələp gʷəɬčisəbaləp ʔə kʷsi ʔax̌ʷadus gʷə=ʔəx̌id=axʷ čələp SBJ=what.happen=now 2PL.SUB
gʷə=ɬčil–s–b=aləp SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS=2PL.SBRD
ʔə kʷsi PR REM:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘ “What would happen to you guys if you were come upon by the Basket Ogress?” ’ 7
x̌ʷul’ ƛ’učəɬ liʔlil tiʔiɬ x̌ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=čəɬ
liʔ–lil
tiʔiɬ
HAB=make
ATTN–far
DIST
‘They always just ignore it.’ 8
ʔaˑ huy čagʷcəbəxʷ ʔa
huy
INTJ
SCONJ
čaʔkʷ–c–b=axʷ seaward–ALTV–PASS=now
‘And then, they are come upon on the shore.’ 9
čagʷcəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ čaʔkʷ–c–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ seaward–ALTV–PASS=now PROX
diʔəʔ here
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘The children are come upon by the shore.’ 10
qaha ləcuʔukʷukʷ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔilgʷiɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ stuləkʷ qah–a ləcu–ʔukʷukʷ INTNS–many CONT–play
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔə here
ʔil•gʷiɬ side•waterway
stuləkʷ river
‘Many are playing on the riverbank.’ 11
čagʷcəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus čaʔkʷ–c–b=axʷ seaward–ALTV–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘They are come upon by Basket Ogress.’
diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus here Basket.Ogress
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
Dewey Mitchell
12
391
huˑy, q’putəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
q’pu–t–b=axʷ gathered–ICS–PASS=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They are gathered up.’ 13
dəgʷatəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəkʷa–t–b inside–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
‘They are put inside by her.’ 14
ƛ’iq’ƛ’iq’alustəb ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ qʷaliɬ ƛ’iq’–ƛ’iq’•alus–t–b DSTR–sticky•eye–ICS–PASS
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
diʔəʔ here
PROX
qʷaliɬ pitch
‘Their eyes are stuck shut with pitch.’ 15
dəxʷiʔs kʷi ɬušuɬalbuts əlgʷəʔ dxʷčad kʷi ɬusʔux̌ʷtubs əlgʷəʔ dəxʷ=xʷiʔ=s ADNM=NEG=3PO
kʷi
ɬu=s=šuɬalbut=s
əlgʷəʔ
dxʷ–čad
REM
IRR=NM=able.to.see=3PO
PL
CNTRPT–where
kʷi
ɬu=s=ʔux̌ʷ–txʷ–b=s
əlgʷəʔ
REM
IRR=NM=go–ECS–PASS=3PO
PL
‘That is so they could not see where they are being taken.’ 16
yəx̌i ƛ’utusuʔəɬəd ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ yəx̌i ƛ’u=tu=s=ʔu–ʔəɬəd ʔə tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ because HAB=PAST=NM=PFV–feed.on PR PROX:FEM Basket.Ogress PROX stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘Because children are what the Basket Ogress eats.’ 17
yaʔɬ ləcuyəcəbtub ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔiišəds əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ yaʔɬ ləcu–yəc–b–txʷ–b ʔə unable CONT–report–MD–ECS–PASS PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔiišəd–s əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ relatives–3PO PL PROX
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘In vain the children are being told by their relatives.’
392
18
Basket Ogress
tux̌ʷ ƛ’asqʷacdxʷ tux̌ʷ ƛ’u=ʔas–qʷacdxʷ just HAB=STAT–doubt
‘They always just doubt it.’ 19
ʔaˑ ʔa ti kikəwič ʔa
ʔa be.there
INTJ
tiʔəʔ PROX
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘There is Little Hunchback.’ 20
huˑy, dᶻəgʷaʔcut huy SCONJ
dᶻəgʷaʔ–t–sut expert–ICS–REFL
‘Then he ably sets about (getting himself out of this fix).’ 21
ləhiqil dxʷʔaˑl šqalicuts ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hikʷ xʷʔax̌ʷaʔads ʔəsčəbaʔtəb ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ lə=hiq–il dxʷ–ʔal s=šq•ali–t–sut=s PROG=pushed–INCH CNTRPT–at NM=high•container–ICS–REFL=3PO diʔəʔ here
hikʷ big
xʷʔax̌ʷaʔad–s clam.basket–3PO
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
ʔas–čəbaʔ–t–b STAT–backpack–ICS–PASS
ʔal tiʔəʔ at PROX ʔə PR
diʔəʔ here
‘He works his way up to the top of the big clam basket being carried by her.’ 22
ƛ’up’ip’aʔcut ƛ’u=p’i–p’aʔ–t–sut HAB=ATTN–try–ICS–REFL
‘He keeps trying.’ 23
diʔɬ kʷi ɬuskʷədads tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, stəb, swətixʷtəd tiʔəʔ dəxʷušulutəbs əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ sučəbaʔs diʔɬ kʷi suddenly REM tiʔəʔ PROX
ɬu=s=kʷəda–t=s
tiʔəʔ
IRR=NM=taken–ICS=3PO
PROX
dəxʷ=ʔu–šulu–t–b=s ADNM=PFV–go.under–ICS–PASS=3PO
diʔəʔ stəb swətixʷtəd here what tree əlgʷəʔ
tiʔəʔ
PL
PROX
Dewey Mitchell
393
s=ʔu–čəbaʔ=s NM=PFV–backpack=3PO
‘Abruptly, he takes hold of trees when they are crawled beneath by she who carries them (the children) on her back.’ 24
xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’usx̌iʔdubs ʔə tsiʔəʔ cədiɬ ləsčəbaʔ xʷiʔ
gʷə=ƛ’u=s=x̌iʔ–dxʷ–b=s
NEG
SBJ=HAB=NM=catch.on–DC–PASS=3PO
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
cədiɬ s/he
ləs–čəbaʔ PROG.STAT–backpack
‘She who’s backpacking them doesn’t catch on.’ 25
huy, ƛ’iqdubutəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kikəwič huy SCONJ
ƛ’iqi–dxʷ–but=axʷ emerge–DC–REFL=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback manages to get out.’ 26
ƛ’iqdubutəxʷ ƛ’iqi–dxʷ–but=axʷ emerge–DC–REFL=now
‘He manages to get out.’ 27
gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəsuƛ’iq’ƛ’iq’alustəbs gʷəl
xʷiʔ
SCONJ
NEG
gʷə=s=ʔu–ƛ’iq’–ƛ’iq’•alus–t–b=s SBJ=NM=PFV–DSTR–sticky•eye–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘His eyes hadn’t been glued shut.’ 28
yəx̌i diɬ tiʔəʔ səskikəwičs tiʔiɬ dəxʷəsʔušəbitəbs yəx̌i because
diɬ FOC
tiʔəʔ s=ʔas–ki–kəwič=s NM=STAT–ATTN–hunchback=3PO
PROX
tiʔiɬ DIST
dəxʷ=ʔas–ʔušəb–bi–t–b=s ADNM=STAT–pity–MAP–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘Because he is a little hunchback, he was taken pity on.’ 29
huy, saxʷəbəxʷ huy SCONJ
saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now
‘Then he jumps.’
394
30
Basket Ogress
saxʷəbəxʷ dxʷčaʔkʷ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷʔa ʔə tiʔəʔ q’il’bids saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now
dxʷ–čaʔkʷ CNTRPT–seaward
dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ dəxʷ=ʔa ʔə CNTRPT–at PROX ADNM=be.there PR
q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO
‘He runs down to the shore where their canoe is.’ 31
ʔaˑ gʷəl, gʷəhaytubəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, tsi ʔax̌ʷadus ʔa
gʷəl
gʷə=hay–txʷ–b=axʷ
INTJ
SCONJ
SBJ=known–ECS–PASS=now
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ tsi here SPEC:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘Then it is noticed by this one, the Basket Ogress.’ 32
ʔuˑ, diič’uʔ əw’ə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔugʷəx̌dubut dᶻəɬ ʔu INTJ
diič’uʔ əw’ə tiʔəʔ one:HMN PTCL PROX
diʔəʔ ʔu–gʷəx̌a–dxʷ–but dᶻəɬ here PFV–untied–DC–REFL PTCL
‘ “Oh, one of them must have gotten loose!” ’ 33
huy, k’ʷit’əxʷ huy SCONJ
k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now
‘She goes down to the shore.’ 34
huy, k’ʷit’əxʷ huy SCONJ
k’ʷit’=axʷ shoreward=now
‘She goes down to the shore.’ 35
čaladəxʷ čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now
‘She chases him.’ 36
čaladəxʷ čala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now
‘She chases him.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
Dewey Mitchell
37
395
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔušudub tiʔəʔ kikəwič ʔal tiʔəʔ suʔišɬs x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ʔu–šuɬ–dxʷ–b
tiʔəʔ
ki–kəwič
PFV–see–DC–PASS
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
s=ʔu–ʔišɬ=s NM=PFV–paddle=3PO
‘Little Hunchback is seen as he paddles [away].’ 38
huy, puspusutəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hikʷ sɬadəyʔ, ʔax̌ʷadus huy SCONJ
pus–pusu–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hikʷ sɬadəyʔ DSTR–thrown–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX here big woman
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘Well then, he is thrown at and thrown at by the big woman, the Basket Ogress.’ 39
xʷiˑʔ gʷəspusdubs tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kikəwič xʷiʔ gʷə=s=pusu–dxʷ–b=s NEG SBJ=NM=thrown–DC–PASS=3PO
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘Little Hunchback isn’t hit.’ 40
gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ, gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ, gʷəl ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl go SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl go SCONJ
‘And he goes and goes and goes.’ 41
ʔux̌ʷ gʷəl ləčagʷil ʔux̌ʷ go
gʷəl SCONJ
lə=čaʔkʷ–il PROG=seaward–INCH
‘He goes out to sea.’ 42
huy, dxʷx̌ʷal’igʷədəxʷ huy SCONJ
dxʷ–x̌ʷal’•igʷəd=axʷ CTD–fail•inside.body=now
‘Then she gives up.’
ʔux̌ʷ go
diʔəʔ here
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
396
43
Basket Ogress
dxʷx̌ʷal’igʷədəxʷ tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷ–x̌ʷal’•igʷəd=axʷ tsiʔiɬ CTD–fail•inside.body=now DIST:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘Basket Ogress gives up.’ 44
gʷəl lax̌dxʷ tiʔiɬ sɬəɬadəyʔ tuɬəgʷɬ ʔəxʷƛ’iq’ƛ’iq’alus ʔal kʷədiʔ t’aq’t dəxʷəshudčups gʷəl
lax̌–dxʷ tiʔiɬ sɬə–ɬadəyʔ tu=ɬəgʷɬ ʔas–dxʷ–ƛ’iq’–ƛ’iq’•alus remember–DC DIST PL–woman PAST=leave STAT–CTD–DSTR–sticky•eye
SCONJ
ʔal at
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
t’aq’t inland
dəxʷ=ʔas–hud•čup=s ADNM=STAT–burn•fire=3PO
‘Then the woman remembers the girls she has left inland with their eyes stuck shut for whom she has made a fire (to cook).’ 45
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ič’ič’ƛ’aʔ ʔəšudxʷəxʷ čələp ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ swatixʷtəd ʔilucid ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ gʷəɬ sqaǰət stuləkʷ tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ č’i–č’i–č’ƛ’aʔ ʔas–šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ čələp ʔal tiʔəʔ here ATTN–ATTN–stone STAT–see–DC=now 2PL.SUB at PROX
swatixʷtəd ʔil•ucid ʔə tiʔəʔ land side•mouth PR PROX
diʔəʔ gʷəɬ here ASSC
sqaǰət Skagit
diʔəʔ here
stuləkʷ river
‘These little stones you can see in the land here around the mouth of the Skagit River.’ 46
diɬ ƛ’ucutəb diɬ
ƛ’u=cut–t–b
FOC
HAB=say–ICS–PASS
‘That is what they say.’ 47
diɬ tudəxʷupuspusutəbs tiʔiɬ kikəwič ʔə tsiʔiɬ tuʔax̌ʷadus diɬ
tu=dəxʷ=ʔu–pus–pusu–t–b=s
FOC
PAST=ADNM=PFV–DSTR–thrown–ICS–PASS=3PO
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
tiʔiɬ ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
DIST
tu=ʔax̌ʷadus PAST=Basket.Ogress
‘They are what was thrown at Little Hunchback by Basket Ogress.’
ʔə PR
Dewey Mitchell
48
397
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ƛ’udaʔatəb ʔə tiʔəʔ pastəd ʔə kʷi little islands x̌ʷul’=axʷ ƛ’u=daʔa–t–b ʔə tiʔəʔ pastəd ʔə kʷi only=now HAB=named–ICS–PASS PR PROX white.person PR REM little islands little islands
‘They are just called little islands by the white people.’ 49
x̌ʷul’ č’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷul’ č’ƛ’aʔ only stone
‘They are just rocks.’ 50
čubəhəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čubə=axʷ tsiʔəʔ go.inland=now PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
‘Now she goes inland.’ 51
gʷəl huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now
‘And then she dances.’ 52
dᶻubalikʷəxʷ dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–act=now
‘She dances.’ 53
ləcuʔil ləcu–ʔili CONT–sing
‘She sings.’ 54
ləcuʔil ləcu–ʔili CONT–sing
‘She sings.’
398
55
Basket Ogress
ləcuʔiləɬ sqəlalitut ləcu–ʔili–aɬ CONT–sing–INCRP
sqəlalitut spirit.power
‘She sings her spirit power song.’ 56
ʔu, ləcuʔəx̌id ʔu
ləcu–ʔəx̌id CONT–what.happen
INTJ
‘Or whatever it was.’ 57
xʷiʔ gʷədsəsaydxʷ ʔəsčal tiʔiɬ suʔils xʷiʔ
gʷə=d=s=ʔas–hay–dxʷ
ʔas–čal
NEG
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC
STAT–how
tiʔiɬ s=ʔu–ʔili=s NM=PFV–sing=3PO
DIST
‘I don’t know what she was singing.’ 58
gʷəl tusəgʷqtagʷəl tiʔəʔ cədiɬ tasčəbaʔtəb, ʔəsqiq’tub gʷəl
tu=səgʷq–t–agʷəl
tiʔəʔ
SCONJ
PAST=whisper–ICS–RCP
PROX
cədiɬ s/he
tu=ʔas–čəbaʔ–t–b PAST=STAT–backpack–ICS–PASS
ʔas–qiq’–txʷ–b STAT–confined–ECS–PASS
‘Those that had been carried and confined whispered to each other.’ 59
x̌ʷul’ ɬuč’itil dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hud ɬudᶻubalikʷəs čɬa ɬux̌ədəd x̌ʷul’ only
ɬu=č’it–il
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
IRR=near–INCH
CNTRPT–at
PROX
čɬa 1PL.COORD
diʔəʔ hud ɬu=dᶻub–alikʷ=as here burn IRR=kick–act=3SBRD
ɬu=x̌əd–t IRR=push–ICS
‘ “She will draw near the fire when she dances and we will push her.’ 60
bək’ʷək’ʷ čəɬ ɬux̌ədəd čɬa ɬuhudabacəd tsə xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ bək’ʷ–ək’ʷ čəɬ INTNS–all 1PL.SUB tsə
xʷiʔ
NSPEC:FEM
NEG
ɬu=x̌əd–t IRR=push–ICS
čɬa ɬu=hud•abac–t 1PL.COORD IRR=burn•body–ICS
lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
‘ “We will all push her and burn up the body of that no-good so-and-so.’
Dewey Mitchell
61
399
ʔuˑ, təɬ x̌ʷuʔələʔ ʔu
təɬ truly
INTJ
x̌ʷuʔələʔ maybe
‘ “Oh, maybe that will work!” ’ 62
ʔaˑ čaʔčəlal’ ʔa
čaʔčəlal’ almost.caught
INTJ
‘Oh, they almost got caught.’ 63
gʷəkʷədub tiʔiɬ x̌iʔdubəs ʔə tsiʔiɬə gʷə=kʷəda–dxʷ–b SBJ=taken–DC–PASS
tiʔiɬ DIST
x̌iʔ–dxʷ–b=as catch.on–DC–PASS=3SBRD
ʔə PR
tsiʔiɬə DIST:FEM
‘And those that are caught on to by her would have been grabbed.’ 64
gʷəl ʔalil tiʔiɬ bəsudᶻəlulč ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ lədᶻubalikʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal–il tiʔiɬ bə=s=ʔu–dᶻəl•ulč ʔə tsiʔəʔ at–INCH DIST ADD=NM=PFV–turn•belly PR PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
lə=dᶻub–alikʷ PROG=kick–act
‘And when she who is dancing turns her back again.’ 65
huy, x̌ədtəbaxʷ huy SCONJ
x̌əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then she is pushed.’ 66
x̌ʷul’ bəsk’ʷəq tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ x̌ʷul’ bə=ʔas–k’ʷəq tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus ʔal tiʔəʔ only ADD=STAT–fall.backwards PROX:FEM here Basket.Ogress at PROX diʔəʔ here
‘And the Basket Ogress falls onto her back right there.’
400
67
Basket Ogress
putəxʷ dxʷsəd tiʔəʔ č’ič’ič’ƛ’aʔ səshudčupyids 3 put=axʷ really=now
dxʷs–həd
tiʔəʔ
č’i–č’i–č’ƛ’aʔ
CTD–warm
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–stone
s=ʔas–hud•čup–yi–t=s NM=STAT–burn•fire–DAT–ICS=3PO
‘The stones she has put in the fire for them are very hot.’ 68
huˑy, ləʔaliləxʷ tiʔiɬ sulabid ʔə tiʔacəc stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ
lə=ʔal–il=axʷ PROG=at–INCH=now
tiʔiɬ sula–bid DIST centred–RLNL
ʔə PR
tiʔacəc UNQ
stawixʷaʔɬ children
‘The moment comes when she is between the children and the fire.’ 69
huy huy SCONJ
‘Then ...,’ 70
huy, ʔuxʷəbid ʔə hud huy SCONJ
ʔu–xʷəb–bi–d PFV–throw–MAP–ICS
ʔə PR
hud fire
‘Then, they throw her towards the fire.’ 71
gʷəl x̌ədəd tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus gʷəl SCONJ
x̌əd–t tsiʔiɬ pushed–ICS DIST:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘And they push the Basket Ogress.’ 72
x̌ʷuˑl’ bəsk’ʷəq ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ič’ič’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷul’ only
bə=ʔas–k’ʷəq ADD=STAT–fall.backwards
ʔal at
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ č’i–č’i–č’ƛ’aʔ here ATTN–ATTN–stone
‘Then she just falls backwards onto the stones.’ 73
puˑtəxʷ put=axʷ really=now
‘Just so.’ 3
At this point, the tape runs out and the story is interrupted as the cassette is turned over.
Dewey Mitchell
74
401
ʔaˑ gʷəl dəbaxʷ t[s]iʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus t[s]iʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔəsʔatəbəd ʔa
gʷəl
INTJ
SCONJ
dəb=axʷ tsiʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ instead=now PROX:FEM Basket.Ogress PROX:FEM here
ʔas–ʔatəbəd STAT–die
‘Oh, and now instead it is Basket Ogress who is the dead one.’ 75
tushuydubs 4 tu=s=huy–dxʷ=s PAST=NM=done–DC=3PO
‘It was what they managed to do.’ 76
taxʷčəɬəb sʔəɬəd ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ tasčəbaʔəd tul’ʔal tudiʔ čaʔkʷ tu=ʔas–dxʷ–čəɬ–ab sʔəɬəd ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ PAST=STAT–CTD–make–DSD food PR PROX here children tu=ʔas–čəbaʔ–t
tul’–ʔal
tudiʔ
PAST=STAT–backpack–ICS
CNTRFG–at
DIST.DMA
čaʔkʷ seaward
‘She wanted to make food of the children she had carried up from the water.’ 77
huˑy, saʔsaxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ huy SCONJ
saʔ–saxʷəb=axʷ ATTN–jump=now
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stawixʷaʔɬ PROX here children
‘Then the children run away.’ 78
t’uk’ʷt’uk’ʷəxʷ t’uk’ʷ–t’uk’ʷ=axʷ DSTR–go.home=now
‘They go home.’ 79
wiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔiišəds wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ ʔə tiʔiɬ ʔiišəd–s ask–ICS–PASS=now PR DIST relatives–3PO
‘They are asked by their relatives,’
4
The transcription and gloss of this line are uncertain.
402
80
Basket Ogress
ʔuʔəx̌id čələp? ʔuʔəx̌id ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen
čələp ʔu–ʔəx̌id 2PL.SUB PFV–what.happen
‘ “What happened to you? What happened?” ’ 81
ʔuˑ, ʔugʷəlaldxʷ čəɬ tsiʔiɬ xʷiʔ ləhaʔɬ ʔax̌ʷadus tast’q’abitubuɬ ʔal tudiʔ t’aq’t ʔu
ʔu–gʷəlal–dxʷ čəɬ tsiʔiɬ PFV–harmed–DC 1PL.SUB DIST:FEM
INTJ
tu=ʔas–t’q’a–bi–t–ubuɬ PAST=STAT–patch–MAP–ICS–1PL.OBJ
xʷiʔ NEG
ʔal at
lə=haʔɬ NEGP=good
tudiʔ DIST.DMA
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
t’aq’t inland
‘ “Oh, we managed to kill that no-good Basket Ogress who patched up our eyes up there inland.” ’ 82
ʔuʔəx̌id kʷi kikəwič ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen
kʷi REM
ki–kəwič ATTN–hunchback
‘ “What happened to Little Hunchback?” ’ 83
ʔuˑ, ƛ’al’ busaxʷəbdubut tiʔiɬ kikəwič ʔu INTJ
ƛ’al’ also
bə=ʔu–saxʷəb–dxʷ–but
tiʔiɬ
ki–kəwič
ADD=PFV–jump–DC–REFL
DIST
ATTN–hunchback
‘ “Oh, Little Hunchback also managed to flee.” ’ 84
čadəxʷ ʔal kʷədiʔ čaʔkʷ kʷədiʔ sʔas čad=axʷ ʔal where=now at
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
čaʔkʷ seaward
kʷədiʔ
s=ʔa=s
REM.DMA
NM=be.there=3PO
‘ “Where on the water is he?” ’ 85
ləpuspusutəb lə=pus–pusu–t–b PROG=DSTR–thrown–ICS–PASS
‘ “He was being thrown at.’ 86
gʷəl xʷiʔ gʷəspusdubs gʷəl
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=pusu–dxʷ–b=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=NM=thrown–DC–PASS=3PO
‘ “And she didn’t manage to hit him.’
Dewey Mitchell
87
403
xʷuʔələʔ həliʔ ʔal kʷədiʔ čad kʷi dəxʷʔas xʷuʔələʔ maybe
həliʔ ʔal alive at
kʷədiʔ REM.DMA
čad where
kʷi
dəxʷ=ʔa=s
REM
ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘ “He must be alive wherever he is.” ’ 88
xʷuʔələʔ čələp ɬasləqaxʷ ʔal kʷi ɬudxʷlaqəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷuʔələʔ maybe tiʔəʔ PROX
čələp ɬu=ʔas–ləq=axʷ ʔal kʷi ɬu=dxʷlaq=axʷ ʔə 2PL.SUB IRR=STAT–listen=now at REM IRR=have.children=now PR diʔəʔ here
‘ “Perhaps you guys will listen to (your) parents now.’ 89
x̌ʷul’əxʷ čələp ɬuqəldub ʔə tə ʔiišədləp čələpa ɬuhədhədʔiw’b ɬulət’ugʷəbəs x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
čələp ɬu=qəl–dxʷ–b 2PL.SUB IRR=bad–DC–PASS
čələpa ɬu=həd–hədʔiw’–b 2PL.COORD IRR=DSTR–indoors–MD
ʔə tə ʔiišəd–lap PR NSPEC relatives–2PL.PO ɬu=lə=t’ugʷəb=as IRR=PROG=nightfall=3SBRD
‘ “You guys will just be stopped by your relatives and you’ll go inside when it is getting dark.” ’ 90
diɬ shuy ʔə tsiʔiɬ ʔax̌ʷadus diɬ
s=huyu
FOC
NM=made
ʔə tsiʔiɬ PR DIST:FEM
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
‘That is the end of the Basket Ogress.’
8 Alice Williams c. 1907–96
Alice Williams and Vi Hilbert, with Vi wearing a cedar bark dress Alice made for her. Photo courtesy of Jill La Pointe.
Alice Williams was born on 16 June 1907, and lived on the Upper Skagit reservation near the town of Cedro Wooley with her husband, George Williams. Together they had nine children, but only three lived to adulthood; all of her surviving children became prominent members of the Upper Skagit community. She was well known for her knowledge of Lushootseed cultural traditions, and was one of the last Elders who remembered the art of weaving baskets and clothing from cedar bark and roots. She is reported to have learned many of her stories from Interior Salish people, including possibly a woman named Nespelem on the Colville reservation. Biographical material drawn from Hilbert 1985 and an interview with Vi Hilbert by Margaret Dunn (15 July 1993).
406
Basket Ogress
Basket Ogress
as told by Alice Williams1
1
tasɬaɬlil tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stubš ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas ʔi tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stutubš tu=ʔas–ɬaɬlil tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stubš ʔi tsiʔəʔ PAST=STAT–live PROX here man CONJ PROX:FEM tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
diʔəʔ čəgʷas–s here wife–3PO
ʔi CONJ
stu–tubš ATTN–man
‘A man and his wife lived there with their son.’ 2
gʷəl tuɬəgʷəlb əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sč’istxʷs gʷəl
tu=ɬəgʷɬ–b
SCONJ
PAST=leave–PASS
əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR
PL
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
sč’istxʷ–s husband–3PO
‘And they were left by their husband.’ 3
diɬəxʷ tusyəyəhub ʔə tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ tuluƛ’ tusgʷagʷətubš, tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ syəyəhub ɬuləqdxʷ čələp diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
tu=syəyəhub PAST=legend
ʔə PR
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
tu=s=gʷa–gʷəd–txʷ–bš=s
tiʔəʔ
PAST=NM=ATTN–talk–ECS–1SG.OBJ=3PO
PROX
ɬu=ləq–dxʷ IRR=listen–DC
tu=luƛ’ PAST=old diʔəʔ syəyəhub here legend
čələp 2PL.SUB
‘This is a story about this old woman which was told to me, a traditional story that you guys will hear now.’ 4
cuuc tsiʔiɬə čəgʷas cut–c say–ALTV
tsiʔiɬə DIST:FEM
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘He says to his wife,’ 5
xʷiˑʔ kʷi sʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ xʷiʔ
kʷi
s=ʔux̌ʷ=lap
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
NEG
REM
NM=go=2PL.PO
CNTRPT–at
PROX
diʔəʔ here
haʔɬ good
šəgʷɬ path
‘ “Don’t go on that good road!’ 1
Recorded by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 31 August 1984, with Alice Williams, a speaker of the Skagit dialect; transcribed by Vi Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.
Alice Williams
6
407
ʔəsʔiq’ʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ šəgʷɬ ʔas–ʔiq’ʷ STAT–swept
tiʔəʔ
diʔəʔ here
PROX
šəgʷɬ path
‘ “The path is clear.’ 7
xʷiʔ kʷi sʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔa xʷiʔ
kʷi
s=ʔux̌ʷ=lap
dxʷ–ʔa
NEG
REM
NM=go=2PL.PO
CNTRPT–be.there
‘ “Don’t go there!” ’ 8
xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’usuyəcəbs ʔəsʔəx̌id tiʔəʔ šəgʷɬ tiʔiɬə dəxʷaʔɬs xʷiʔ
gʷə=ƛ’u=s=ʔu–yəc–b=s
NEG
SBJ=HAB=NM=PFV–report–MD=3PO
ʔas–ʔəx̌id STAT–what.happen
tiʔəʔ šəgʷɬ path
PROX
tiʔiɬə dəxʷ=haʔɬ=s DIST ADNM=good=3PO
‘He would never say what happens on the road where it is good.’ 9
x̌ʷul’ ƛ’ucuuc tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas x̌ʷul’ ƛ’u=cut–c tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas–s only HAB=say–ALTV PROX:FEM here wife–3PO
‘He would just say this to his wife.’ 10
xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ, ʔəsʔiq’ʷ šəgʷɬ xʷiʔ
kʷi
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=lap
dxʷ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
NEG
REM
NM=PFV–go=2PL.PO
CNTRPT–at
PROX
ʔas–ʔiq’ʷ STAT–swept
šəgʷɬ path
‘ “Do not go on the good, clear path!’ 11
xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷləp dxʷʔa xʷiʔ
kʷi
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ=lap
dxʷ–ʔa
NEG
REM
NM=PFV–go=2PL.PO
CNTRPT–be.there
‘ “Don’t you guys go there!” ’ 12
ʔux̌ʷəxʷ ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘He goes now.’
diʔəʔ here
haʔɬ good
šəgʷɬ path
408
13
Basket Ogress
ɬəgʷɬaxʷ tsiʔəʔ čəgʷas ʔi tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ač’as ɬəgʷɬ=axʷ leave=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
ʔi
tiʔəʔ
CONJ
PROX
diʔəʔ here
č’ač’as child
‘He leaves his wife and child.’ 14
tukʷaʔəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ čəgʷas tu=kʷaʔ=axʷ tiʔəʔ PAST=left.alone=now PROX
diʔəʔ here
čəgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘His wife is left alone.’ 15
ʔux̌ʷəxʷ yayusəxʷ dxʷʔal kʷədiʔ tusʔux̌ʷs ɬudəxʷyayus ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ yayus=axʷ dxʷ–ʔal kʷədiʔ tu=s=ʔux̌ʷ=s go=now work=now CNTRPT–at REM.DMA PAST=NM=go=3PO ɬu=dəxʷ=yayus=s IRR=ADNM=work=3PO
‘He works over there where he goes to work.’ 16
huy, ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ stutubš ʔi tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuys, əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
stu–tubš
ʔi
tsiʔəʔ
ATTN–man
CONJ
PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ here
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Then the little boy and his mother go.’ 17
ʔuxʷəɬiləxʷ əlgʷəʔ sʔəɬəd ʔu–xʷəɬ–il=axʷ əlgʷəʔ PFV–lack–INCH=now PL
sʔəɬəd food
‘They had run out of food.’ 18
gʷəč’əbaxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔə kʷi sʔəɬəd, stab sq’ʷəlaɬəd gʷəč’–b=axʷ search–CSMD=now
əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR
PL
kʷi REM
‘They look for food, some kind of berry.’ 19
huy, gʷax̌ʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
gʷax̌ʷ=axʷ walk=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Then they wander around.’
sʔəɬəd food
stab what
sq’ʷəlaɬəd berry
Alice Williams
20
409
ʔacac tiʔəʔ stab dəxʷux̌iq’ids tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔal tiʔiɬə sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔacac right.there
tiʔəʔ PROX
stab what
sq’ədᶻuʔ–s ʔal at hair–3PO
dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌iq’i–t=s
tiʔəʔ
ADNM=PFV–scratch–ICS=3PO
PROX
tiʔiɬə DIST
diʔəʔ here
sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO
‘There is this thing she used to scratch her hair, in her hair.’ 21
buus tiʔiɬə ʔatxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬə sq’ədᶻuʔs dəxʷux̌iq’ačəbs buus four
tiʔiɬə
ʔa–txʷ be.there–ECS
DIST
ʔal at
tiʔiɬə DIST
sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO
dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌iq’•ač–b=s ADNM=PFV–scratch•head–MD=3PO
‘Four of these which she uses to scratch her head she had there in her hair.’ 22
ʔa kʷi sʔatxʷs ʔal tiʔiɬə sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔa be.there
kʷi
s=ʔa–txʷ=s
REM
NM=be.there–ECS=3PO
ʔal tiʔiɬə at DIST
sq’ədᶻuʔ–s hair–3PO
‘There she has them in her hair.’ 23
xʷiʔ gʷəƛ’uslilds xʷiʔ
gʷə=ƛ’u=s=lil–t=s
NEG
SBJ=HAB=NM=far–ICS=3PO
‘She never removes them.’ 24
huy ʔibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘Then they go on.’ 25
ɬčiləxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ saliʔ šəgʷɬ ʔəsčəx̌gʷas, ʔəsq’ʷuʔgʷas ɬčil=axʷ arrive=now
əlgʷəʔ
dxʷ–ʔal
PL
CNTRPT–at PROX
tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ saliʔ šəgʷɬ ʔas–čəx̌•gʷas here two path STAT–split•pair
ʔas–q’ʷuʔ•gʷas STAT–gathered•pair
‘They come to where two roads that went off in different directions met.’
410
26
Basket Ogress
ʔa kʷi čad gʷəx̌ʷul’ gʷaskahays, ʔuˑ2 ʔa be.there
kʷi
čad where
REM
gʷə=x̌ʷul’
gʷə=ʔas–kahays
ʔu
SBJ=only
SBJ=STAT–stand:PL
INTJ
‘Where they would just stand was there, oh.’ 27
gʷəl huy wiliq’itəgʷələxʷ gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
wiliq’i–t–əgʷəl=axʷ ask–ICS–RCP=now
‘And then they ask each other,’ 28
čadəxʷ kʷi šəgʷɬ dəxʷʔux̌ʷ čəɬ čad=axʷ where=now
kʷi
šəgʷɬ dəxʷ=ʔux̌ʷ path ADNM=go
REM
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “What path do we take?’ 29
diɬ ʔu tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ diɬ
ʔu
tiʔəʔ
FOC
INT
PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘ “Is it this one?’ 30
diɬ ʔu tiʔəʔ haʔɬ diɬ
ʔu
tiʔəʔ
FOC
INT
PROX
haʔɬ good
‘ “Is it this, the good one?’ 31
diɬ ʔu tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ xʷiʔ gʷəsəsʔiq’ʷs diɬ
ʔu
tiʔəʔ
FOC
INT
PROX
diʔəʔ here
xʷiʔ
gʷə=s=ʔas–ʔiq’=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–swept=3PO
‘ “Is it this one that isn’t cleared?” ’ 32
cutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ cut=axʷ say=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
‘She says,’
2
Both the gloss and the transcription of this line are uncertain.
Alice Williams
33
411
ʔu diɬ tiʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ tiʔiɬ tuscutəbs čəɬ ɬusʔux̌ʷ čəɬ ʔu
diɬ
tiʔəʔ
INTJ
FOC
PROX
ɬu=s=ʔux̌ʷ IRR=NM=go
haʔɬ good
šəgʷɬ path
tiʔiɬ
tu=s=cut–t–b=s
DIST
PAST=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO
čəɬ 1PL.PO
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “It is the good path that we were told to go on.” ’ 34
huy, cutəxʷ tiʔəʔ stutubš huy SCONJ
cut=axʷ say=now
tiʔəʔ
stu–tubš ATTN–man
PROX
‘The boy says,’ 35
xʷiʔ xʷiʔ NEG
‘ “No.’ 36
cut ti bad čəɬ xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷ čəɬ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ cut ti say SPEC tiʔəʔ PROX
bad čəɬ father 1PL.PO haʔɬ good
xʷiʔ
kʷi
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ
NEG
REM
NM=PFV–go
čəɬ 1PL.PO
dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
šəgʷɬ path
‘ “Our father said that we should not go on the good path.” ’ 37
cuucəxʷ tsiʔəʔ sk’ʷuys cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
sk’ʷuy–s mother–3PO
‘He says to his mother,’ 38
xʷiʔ kʷi suʔux̌ʷ čəɬ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ʔiq’ʷ šəgʷɬ xʷiʔ kʷi
s=ʔu–ʔux̌ʷ
NEG
NM=PFV–go
REM
čəɬ dxʷ–ʔal 1PL.PO CNTRPT–at
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔiq’ʷ swept
šəgʷɬ path
‘ “We won’t go on the cleared path.” ’ 39
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔiɬʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuys dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ haʔɬ šəgʷɬ x̌ʷul’=axʷ ʔiɬ–ʔux̌ʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sk’ʷuy–s dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ only=now PRTV–go PROX:FEM here mother–3PO CNTRPT–at PROX
412
Basket Ogress
haʔɬ good
šəgʷɬ path
‘But his mother goes on the good path.’ 40
x̌ʷul’əxʷ ʔiɬʔux̌ʷ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ʔiɬ–ʔux̌ʷ PRTV–go
‘She just goes.’ 41
tiˑləbəxʷ tiʔiɬ sɬčisəbs əlgʷəʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus, haw’a tiləb=axʷ tiʔiɬ immediately=now DIST diʔəʔ here
s=ɬčil–s–b=s NM=arrive–ALTV–PASS=3PO
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
əlgʷəʔ ʔə PR
PL
tiʔəʔ PROX
haw’a PTCL
‘Suddenly they are come upon by the Basket Ogress!’ 42
kʷədatəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t–b=axʷ taken–ICS–PASS=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They are taken.’ 43
gʷəl saxʷəbtubəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
saxʷəb–txʷ–b=axʷ jump–ECS–PASS=now
əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRPT–at PROX
PL
‘She runs off with them to that place.’ 44
ʔax̌ʷadus əw’ə tiʔəʔ ʔəsɬaɬlil ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sbabdil ʔax̌ʷadus əw’ə Basket.Ogress PTCL
tiʔəʔ PROX
ʔas–ɬaɬlil ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sba–badil at PROX here ATTN–mountain
STAT–live
‘It is the Basket Ogress that lives there on the mountain.’ 45
kʷədatəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷəda–t–b=axʷ taken–ICS–PASS=now
‘They are taken.’
əlgʷəʔ PL
Alice Williams
46
413
gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ hikʷ bushel gʷəl SCONJ
dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ inside–ICS–PASS=now
əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal tiʔəʔ CNTRPT–at PROX
PL
hikʷ bushel big bushel
‘They are put into a big bushel basket.’ 47
ɬiditəbəxʷ ɬidi–t–b=axʷ tied–ICS–PASS=now
‘It is tied (shut).’ 48
dᶻubdᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ, liɬʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ hud dᶻub–dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ DSTR–kick–ACT=now PL at PROX here
liɬ–ʔal
tiʔəʔ
PRLV–at
PROX
‘They (the Basket Ogres) dance in that place by the fire.’ 49
qitəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ hud qit=axʷ əlgʷəʔ circle.around=now PL
ʔal at
‘They circle around the fire.’ 50
huy dᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ kick–ACT=now PL
‘They dance.’ 51
dᶻubalikʷəxʷ dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–ACT=now
‘They dance.’ 52
hiiɬəxʷ əlgʷəʔ hiiɬ=axʷ happy=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They are happy.’
tiʔəʔ PROX
hud burn
diʔəʔ hud here burn
414
53
Basket Ogress
yəx̌i ɬuʔəɬədaxʷ əlgʷəʔ yəx̌i because
ɬu=ʔəɬəd=axʷ
əlgʷəʔ
IRR=feed.on=now
PL
‘Because they will eat.’ 54
həbu həbu INTJ
Vi Hilbert: ‘Haboo.’ 55
ʔuˑ, ɬuʔəɬədaxʷ, ɬuʔəɬədaxʷ čəɬ ʔal kʷi dukʷəɬdat ʔu INTJ
ɬu=ʔəɬəd=axʷ ɬu=ʔəɬəd=axʷ IRR=feed.on=now IRR=feed.on=now
čəɬ ʔal 1PL.SUB at
kʷi REM
dukʷəɬdat tomorrow
Alice Williams: ‘ “Oh, we will eat, eat tomorrow.’ 56
hawʔ ʔu daha čəɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəɬəd hawʔ
ʔu
INTJ
INTJ
dah–a INTNS–thank
čəɬ 1PL.SUB
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
sʔəɬəd food
‘ “Oh, so we are very thankful for this food.” ’ 57
huy, dᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ kick–ACT=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘So they dance.’ 58
dᶻubalikʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ əlgʷəʔ kick–ACT=now PL
‘They dance.’ 59
ʔəca kʷi ɬuhuydxʷ tiʔiɬə šəlaʔ ʔə tiʔiɬə stutubš, ʔəca ʔəca I
kʷi
ɬu=huyu–dxʷ
REM
IRR=made–DC
tiʔiɬə šəlaʔ penis
DIST
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬə
stu–tubš
DIST
ATTN–man
‘ “The one who will get the penis of that boy is me, me!” ’
ʔəca I
Alice Williams
60
415
huy, yabuk’ʷbidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə šəlaʔ huy SCONJ
yabuk’ʷ–bi–t=axʷ fight–MAP–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə PL
DIST
šəlaʔ penis
‘Well, they fight over that penis.’ 61
stutubš stu–tubš ATTN–man
‘He is a boy.’ 62
həbu həbu INTJ
VH: ‘Haboo.’ 63
huy, q’ʷəɬəbaxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
q’ʷəɬəb=axʷ tired=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
AW: ‘Well, they get tired.’ 64
huy cutəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ ʔəsbaysx̌əb huy SCONJ
cut=axʷ əlgʷəʔ say=now PL
tsiʔiɬ
ʔas–baysx̌əb
DIST:FEM
STAT–menstruate
‘Well, they say to her, the one who is menstruating,’ 65
ɬugʷədil čəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬə šəgʷɬ čxʷa ɬaswačbid tiʔiɬə sʔəɬəd čəɬ ɬu=gʷəd–il čəxʷ ʔal tiʔiɬə šəgʷɬ čxʷa IRR=down–INCH 2SG.SUB at DIST path 2SG.COORD ɬu=ʔas–wač–bi–t IRR=STAT–watch–MAP–ICS
tiʔiɬə DIST
sʔəɬəd food
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “You will sit in the doorway and you will watch over our food.’ 66
xʷiʔ kʷi ɬadsʔitut xʷiʔ
kʷi
ɬu=ad=s=ʔitut
NEG
REM
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=sleep
‘ “You will not sleep.’
416
67
Basket Ogress
ʔu ʔaha čəxʷ gʷədil čxʷa ɬuwačbid tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəɬəd čəɬ 3 ʔu
ʔaha čəxʷ gʷədil right.there 2SG.SUB sit
INTJ
tiʔəʔ
diʔəʔ here
PROX
sʔəɬəd food
čxʷa 2SG.COORD
ɬuwačbid IRR=STAT–watch–MAP–ICS
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “Oh, you sit right there and you will watch our food.’
68
xʷiʔ kʷi ɬadsʔitut xʷiʔ
kʷi
ɬu=ad=s=ʔitut
NEG
REM
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=sleep
‘ “You will not sleep.’ 69
ʔəbil’ čəxʷ ɬuʔitut čɬa ɬugʷəlalcid, dəgʷi ʔəbil’ perhaps
čəxʷ 2SG.SUB
ɬu=ʔitut IRR=sleep
čɬa 1PL.COORD
ɬu=gʷəlal–t–sid IRR=harmed–ICS–2SG.OBJ
dəgʷi you
‘ “If you sleep, we will punish you!” ’ 70
k’iɬidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sʔəɬəds əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔiləgʷadiʔ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔalʔal k’iɬi–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ PROX hung–ICS=now PL diʔəʔ here
ʔiləgʷadiʔ side
ʔə PR
diʔəʔ here tiʔəʔ PROX
sʔəɬəd–s food–3PO diʔəʔ here
əlgʷəʔ ʔal at
PL
ʔalʔal house
‘They hang their food on the side of the house.’ 71
huy, ʔitʔitutəxʷ huy SCONJ
ʔit–ʔitut=axʷ DSTR–sleep=now
‘Then, they sleep.’ 72
yəx̌i q’ʷəɬq’ʷəɬəbaxʷ əlgʷəʔ yəx̌i because
q’ʷəɬ–q’ʷəɬəb=axʷ DSTR–tired=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Because they are tired.’ 3
Both the gloss and the transcription of the beginning of this line are uncertain.
tiʔəʔ PROX
Alice Williams
73
417
yəx̌i hikʷ ʔudᶻubalikʷ əlgʷəʔ yəx̌i because
hikʷ ʔu–dᶻub–alikʷ big PFV–kick–ACT
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Because they have danced a lot.’ 74
ʔaˑ, puʔutəbəxʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ sɬadəyʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sq’ədᶻuʔs ʔa INTJ
puʔu–t–b=axʷ ʔə tsiʔəʔ blow–ICS–PASS=now PR PROX:FEM
sɬadəyʔ tiʔəʔ woman PROX
diʔəʔ sq’ədᶻuʔ–s here hair–3PO
‘Oh, her hair is blown on by the woman.’ 75
puʔudəxʷ ǰəc tsiʔiɬə baysx̌əb puʔu–t=axʷ blow–ICS=now
ǰəc ??
tsiʔiɬə DIST:FEM
baysx̌əb menstruate
‘She blows on the hair of the one who is menstruating.’ 76
puʔudəxʷ gʷəl puʔudəxʷ puʔu–t=axʷ blow–ICS=now
gʷəl SCONJ
puʔu–t=axʷ blow–ICS=now
‘She blows and blows.’ 77
tiləb ʔuʔitutəxʷ tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ baysx̌əb tiləb immediately
ʔu–ʔitut=axʷ
tsiʔəʔ
PFV–sleep=now
PROX:FEM
diʔəʔ baysx̌əb here menstruate
‘Right away the menstruating girl falls asleep.’ 78
ʔiˑtutəxʷ ʔitut=axʷ sleep=now
‘She sleeps.’ 79
ʔitutəxʷ ʔitut=axʷ sleep=now
‘She sleeps.’
418
80
Basket Ogress
ɬaq’əxʷ ɬaq’a=axʷ fallen=now
‘She lies down.’ 81
ʔitutəxʷ ʔitut=axʷ sleep=now
‘She sleeps.’ 82
ɬič’idəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bushel dəxʷəsdəkʷs əlgʷəʔ ɬič’i–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bushel slice–ICS=now PL PROX here bushel
dəxʷ=ʔas–dəkʷ=s
‘(The woman) cuts the bushel basket that they were inside of.’ 83
cuucəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as, bibədaʔs, stutubš cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now
tiʔəʔ
č’ač’as child
PROX
bi–bədaʔ–s
stu–tubš
ATTN–offspring–3PO
ATTN–man
‘She says to the child, her little son, the boy,’ 84
ʔux̌ʷc čəxʷ kʷi č’ƛ’aʔ x̌ʷul’ab ʔə dəgʷi kʷi sx̌əbs čxʷa ʔəƛ’txʷ ʔux̌ʷ–c čəxʷ go–ALTV 2SG.SUB s=x̌əb=s NM=heavy=3PO
kʷi REM
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
čxʷa 2SG.COORD
x̌ʷul’ab same.way
ʔə PR
ʔəƛ’–txʷ come–ECS
‘ “Go get a stone that is your weight and bring it.’ 85
saliʔ kʷi ɬuʔəƛ’txʷ čəxʷ č’ƛ’aʔ saliʔ kʷi two REM
ɬu=ʔəƛ’–txʷ IRR=come–ECS
čəxʷ č’ƛ’aʔ 2SG.SUB stone
‘ “You will bring two stones.” ’ 86
sasaxʷəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ač’as sa–saxʷəb=axʷ tiʔəʔ ATTN–jump=now PROX
‘The child scurries off.’
č’ač’as child
əlgʷəʔ
ADNM=STAT–inside=3PO PL
dəgʷi you
kʷi REM
Alice Williams
87
419
huy, ʔux̌ʷcəxʷ tiʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ huy SCONJ
ʔux̌ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
‘Then he goes after the stones.’ 88
gʷəl ʔəƛ’txʷaxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔəƛ’–txʷ=axʷ come–ECS=now
‘And he brings them.’ 89
cəbab tiʔiɬ sʔux̌ʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ č’ač’as dxʷčəgʷalatxʷ cəbab twice
tiʔiɬ
s=ʔux̌ʷ
DIST
NM=go
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ
č’ač’as child
PROX
dxʷ–čəgʷ•alatxʷ CTD–seaward•house
‘Twice the child goes outside the house.’ 90
gʷəl ʔəƛ’txʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ č’ƛ’aʔ gʷəl SCONJ
ʔəƛ’–txʷ tiʔəʔ come–ECS PROX
diʔəʔ here
č’ƛ’aʔ stone
‘He brings the stones.’ 91
dəgʷašəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ bushel dəkʷa–š=axʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔal inside–ICS=now PL at
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
bushel bushel
‘They put them inside the bushel basket.’ 92
huy, saxʷəbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘Then they run.’ 93
x̌ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔut’x̌abid tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ baysx̌əb ʔal tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ šəgʷɬ x̌ʷul’=axʷ only=now diʔəʔ here
əlgʷəʔ ʔu–t’x̌abid tsiʔəʔ diʔəʔ PFV–step.over PROX:FEM here
PL
baysx̌əb ʔal tiʔəʔ menstruate at PROX
šəgʷɬ path
‘They just step over that menstruating girl in the door.’
420
94
Basket Ogress
ʔuˑ, tiləbəxʷ ʔuqəɬqəɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷʔax̌ʷadus tasʔitʔitut ʔu
tiləb=axʷ ʔu–qəɬ–qəɬ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷ–ʔax̌ʷadus immediately=now PFV–DSTR–awake PROX here DSTR–Basket.Ogress
INTJ
tu=ʔas–ʔit–ʔitut PAST=STAT–DSTR–sleep
‘Oh, right away the Basket Ogres that have been sleeping wake up.’ 95
šudxʷəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə sʔəɬəds xʷiʔəxʷ šuɬ–dxʷ=axʷ see–DC=now
əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬə PL
sʔəɬəd–s food–3PO
DIST
xʷiʔ=axʷ NEG=now
‘They see that their food is gone.’ 96
ʔuʔitut dᶻəɬ tsiʔiɬ ʔəsbaysx̌əb ʔu–ʔitut PFV–sleep
dᶻəɬ
tsiʔiɬ
ʔas–baysx̌əb
PTCL
DIST:FEM
STAT–menstruate
‘ “That menstruating girl must have fallen asleep!” ’ 97
ʔux̌ʷcəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ baysx̌əb ʔux̌ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
baysx̌əb menstruate
‘They go to the menstruating girl.’ 98
huy, c’iq’ʷidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
c’iq’ʷi–t=axʷ split–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They beat her.’ 99
c’iq’ʷidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ ʔəsbaysx̌əb c’iq’ʷi–t=axʷ split–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ
tsiʔiɬ
ʔas–baysx̌əb
PL
DIST:FEM
STAT–menstruate
‘They beat the menstruating girl.’ 100 ʔuʔəx̌id əw’ə tiʔiɬ adəxʷʔitut ʔu–ʔəx̌id PFV–what.happen
əw’ə tiʔiɬ PTCL
DIST
‘ “Why did you fall asleep?’
ad=dəxʷ=ʔitut 2SG.PO=ADNM=sleep
Alice Williams
421
101 gʷəl ʔuƛ’iw’ tiʔiɬə tusʔəɬəd čəɬ gʷəl
ʔu–ƛ’iw’
tiʔiɬə
tu=sʔəɬəd
SCONJ
PFV–escape
DIST
PAST=food
čəɬ 1PL.PO
‘ “And our food has escaped.” ’ 102 šuɬəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷčəgʷalatxʷ šuɬ=axʷ see=now
əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–čəgʷ•alatxʷ CTD–seaward•house
PL
‘They look outside the house.’ 103 taˑdiʔ tadiʔ DIST.DMA
‘ “Over there!’ 104 tux̌ʷəxʷ stab gʷəl ʔaləs tadiʔ siq’gʷas ʔə tə šəgʷɬ tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now tə NSPEC
stab what
gʷəl SCONJ
ʔal=as at=3SBRD
tadiʔ
s=siq’•gʷas
DIST.DMA
NM=spread•pair
šəgʷɬ path
‘ “They are just there in the fork in the path.” ’ 105 huy, čaladəxʷ əlgʷəʔ huy SCONJ
čala–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ chased–ICS=now PL
‘Then they chase them.’ 106 x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ kʷi ƛ’usʔux̌ʷs əlgʷəʔ x̌ʷul’ ʔaɬ only fast
kʷi
ƛ’u=s=ʔux̌ʷ=s
əlgʷəʔ
REM
HAB=NM=go=3PO
PL
‘They go really fast.’ 107 xʷiʔ ləhaʔkʷ kʷi sʔux̌ʷs əlgʷəʔ xʷiʔ
lə=haʔkʷ
kʷi
s=ʔux̌ʷ=s
əlgʷəʔ
NEG
NEGP=long.time
REM
NM=go=3PO
PL
‘It doesn’t take them long.’
ʔə PR
422
Basket Ogress
108 gʷəl bələkʷədxʷaxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ gʷəl
bə=lə=kʷəda–dxʷ=axʷ
əlgʷəʔ tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=taken–DC=now
PL
DIST
‘And they are managing to get them again.’ 109 xʷiʔ ləhaʔkʷ kʷi sɬaʔcəbs əlgʷəʔ xʷiʔ
lə=haʔkʷ
kʷi
s=ɬaʔ–c–b=s
əlgʷəʔ
NEG
NEGP=long.time
REM
NM=arrive–ALTV–PASS=3PO
PL
‘They almost reach them.’ 110 gʷəl ʔix̌ʷidəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ dəxʷux̌iq’ids tiʔəʔ sx̌əquss dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ swətwətixʷtəd gʷəl SCONJ
ʔix̌ʷi–t=axʷ thrown–ICS=now
tiʔəʔ PROX
tiʔəʔ s=x̌q•us=s PROX NM=wrapped•face=3PO
diʔəʔ here
dəxʷ=ʔu–x̌iq’i–t=s ADNM=PFV–scratch–ICS=3PO
dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
tiʔəʔ swət–wətixʷtəd DSTR–trees
PROX
‘And (the woman) throws what she uses to scratch her head towards the trees.’ 111 tiˑləb ʔuƛ’ax̌ʷ tiʔəʔ hiˑkʷ sčəbidac tiləb immediately
ʔu–ƛ’ax̌ʷ
tiʔəʔ
PFV–grow
PROX
hikʷ sčəbid•ac big Douglas.fir•tree
‘Right away a big Douglas fir grows up.’ 112 tiləbəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ʔuʔigʷəɬ dxʷšəq tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
əlgʷəʔ ʔu–ʔigʷəɬ PFV–climb
PL
dxʷ–šq CNTRPT–high
‘They climb up right away.’ 113 ʔigʷəɬ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔaˑl ti šəq ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ sčəbidac ʔigʷəɬ əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal ti šq ʔə climb PL CNTRPT–at SPEC high PR
tiʔəʔ
diʔəʔ here
PROX
sčəbid•ac Douglas.fir•tree
‘They climb up so they are way up high in the tree.’ 114 huy, x̌ʷuƛ’utəbəxʷ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus tiʔəʔ gʷədagʷap ʔə tiʔəʔ čəbidac huy SCONJ
x̌ʷuƛ’u–t–b=axʷ ʔə chewed–ICS–PASS=now PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
diʔəʔ here
ʔax̌ʷadus Basket.Ogress
tiʔəʔ PROX
Alice Williams
423
gʷəd•agʷap ʔə down•base.of.tree PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
čəbid•ac Douglas.fir•tree
‘The base of the tree is chewed by the Basket Ogres.’ 115 x̌ʷuˑƛ’udəxʷ əlgʷəʔ dxʷʔal kʷi gʷəsdᶻaq’s x̌ʷuƛ’u–t=axʷ chewed–ICS=now
əlgʷəʔ dxʷ–ʔal CNTRPT–at
PL
kʷi
gʷə=s=dᶻaq’=s
REM
SBJ=NM=fall=3PO
‘They chew on it so it will fall.’ 116 gʷəl ɬubəkʷədxʷ əlgʷəʔ kʷədiʔ gʷəl
ɬu=bə=kʷəda–dxʷ
əlgʷəʔ
kʷədiʔ
SCONJ
IRR=ADD=taken–DC
PL
REM.DMA
‘And they will manage to get them again.’ 117 yaʔɬəxʷ əlgʷəʔ ləcugʷiidəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tsiʔiɬ baysx̌əb yaʔɬ=axʷ unable=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
ləcu–gʷihi–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ CONT–invite–ICS=now PL
‘It is no use (so) they call the menstruating girl.’ 118 ʔəƛ’axʷ ʔəƛ’=axʷ come=now
‘ “Come here!’ 119 kʷaxʷatubuɬ ʔə tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ kʷaxʷa–t–ubuɬ help–ICS–1PL.OBJ
ʔə tiʔəʔ PR PROX
diʔəʔ here
‘ “Help us with this!” ’ 120 ʔux̌ʷəxʷ tsiʔəʔ baysx̌əb ʔux̌ʷ=axʷ go=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
baysx̌əb menstruate
‘The menstruating girl goes.’ 121 gʷəl ləcukʷaxʷaxʷəxʷ gʷəl
ləcu–kʷaxʷ–axʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
CONT–DIM.EFF–help=now
‘And she helps.’
tsiʔiɬ DIST:FEM
baysx̌əb menstruate
424
Basket Ogress
122 tux̌ʷəxʷ stab tiʔiɬ ƛ’ubəsdᶻaq’s tux̌ʷ=axʷ just=now
stab what
tiʔiɬ
ƛ’u=bə=s=dᶻaq’=s
DIST
HAB=ADD=NM=fall=3PO
‘The tree would almost topple over.’ 123 gʷəl ƛ’ubəkʷədad tiʔiɬ bədəč’uʔ qʷɬayʔ gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=kʷəda–t
tiʔiɬ
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=taken–ICS
DIST
bə=dəč’uʔ qʷɬayʔ log
ADD=one
‘And (the woman) would take another one of her (scratching) sticks.’ 124 gʷəl ƛ’ubəʔix̌ʷid gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=ʔix̌ʷi–t
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=thrown–ICS
‘And she would throw it.’ 125 tiləb hikʷ sčəbidac tiʔiɬ ƛ’ubəƛ’ax̌ʷ tiləb immediately
hikʷ sčəbid•ac tiʔiɬ big Douglas.fir•tree DIST
ƛ’u=bə=ƛ’ax̌ʷ HAB=ADD=grow
‘Right away another big Douglas fir grows.’ 126 buusaɬ tiʔiɬ shuys ʔəsʔistaʔ buus•aɬ four•CLS
tiʔiɬ s=huyu=s NM=made=3PO
DIST
ʔas–ʔistaʔ STAT–be.like
‘It happened like that four times.’ 127 ʔaləxʷ tiʔiɬ ƛ’ušac’ ʔə tiʔiɬ buusaɬ ʔal=axʷ at=now
tiʔiɬ
ƛ’u=s=šac’
DIST
HAB=NM=finished
ʔə PR
tiʔiɬ DIST
buus•aɬ four•CLS
‘At the end of the fourth time,’ 128 gʷəl wiˑʔaacəxʷ tiʔiɬ sqʷəbqʷəbayʔs gʷəl SCONJ
wiʔaa–c=axʷ tiʔiɬ holler–ALTV=now DIST
sqʷəb–qʷəbayʔ–s DSTR–dog–3PO
‘And (the woman) calls their dogs.’
Alice Williams
425
129 wiʔaacəxʷ əlgʷəʔ wiʔaa–c=axʷ holler–ALTV=now
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They call them.’ 130 wiʔaacəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tə sqʷəbayʔs wiʔaa–c=axʷ holler–ALTV=now
əlgʷəʔ
tə
PL
NSPEC
sqʷəbayʔ–s dog–3PO
‘They call their dogs.’ 131 buus tə sqʷəbayʔs əlgʷəʔ buus four
tə NSPEC
sqʷəbayʔ–s dog–3PO
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘They have four dogs.’ 132 ƛ’udᶻaƛ’bid čəd kʷi sdaʔs ƛ’u=dᶻaƛ’–bi–t HAB=confused–MAP–ICS
čəd kʷi 1SG.SUB REM
sdaʔ–s name–3PO
‘I always forget their names.’ 133 ʔəbsdaʔ tiʔəʔ sqʷəbqʷəbayʔ, each one bək’ʷ gʷat ʔas–bəs–sdaʔ tiʔəʔ STAT–PROP–name PROX
sqʷəb–qʷəbayʔ DSTR–dog
each each
one one
‘The dogs have names, each one, all of them.’ 134 ʔəbsdaʔ buus tə sdaʔs əlgʷəʔ ʔas–bəs–sdaʔ buus STAT–PROP–name four
‘They have four names.’ 135 wiʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ wiʔa–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ holler–ICS=now PL
‘They call them.’
tə NSPEC
sdaʔ–s əlgʷəʔ name–3PO PL
bək’ʷ all
gʷat who
426
Basket Ogress
136 gʷəl wiʔadəxʷ əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
wiʔa–t=axʷ əlgʷəʔ holler–ICS=now PL
‘Then they call them.’ 137 ʔuˑx̌ʷ tusdᶻaq’ ʔə tiʔəʔ ʔux̌ʷ go
tu=s=dᶻaq’ PAST=NM=fall
ʔə PR
tiʔəʔ PROX
‘Just when this (tree) was about to fall.’ 138 gʷəl tiˑləb ʔux̌ʷuƛ’udəxʷ əlgʷəʔ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷʔax̌ʷadus gʷəl SCONJ
tiləb immediately
ʔu–x̌ʷuƛ’u–t=axʷ
əlgʷəʔ
tiʔəʔ
PFV–chewed–ICS=now
PL
PROX
diʔəʔ here
ʔax̌ʷ–ʔax̌ʷadus DSTR–Basket.Ogress
‘And right away they chew up the Basket Ogres.’ 139 mimaʔən’əxʷ kʷi bəsəsɬaq’ ʔə kʷi diič’uʔ mi–maʔən’=axʷ ATTN–small=now
kʷi
bə=s=ʔas–ɬaq’a
REM
ADD=NM=STAT–fallen
ʔə PR
kʷi REM
diič’uʔ one:HMN
‘Little bits of each one lie there.’ 140 saxʷəbəxʷ tsiʔəʔ baysx̌əb saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now
tsiʔəʔ PROX:FEM
baysx̌əb menstruate
‘The menstruating girl runs.’ 141 čadᶻiləxʷ ʔal tudiʔ ʔalʔals əlgʷəʔ čac–il=axʷ hidden–INCH=now
ʔal at
tudiʔ DIST.DMA
ʔalʔal–s house–3PO
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘She hides inside their house.’ 142 x̌ʷuƛ’utəbəxʷ tiʔəʔ diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷʔaˑl sxʷiʔsəxʷ kʷi čad x̌ʷuƛ’u–t–b=axʷ tiʔəʔ chewed–ICS–PASS=now PROX s=xʷiʔ=s=axʷ NM=NEG=3PO=now
kʷi REM
diʔəʔ ʔax̌ʷadus dxʷ–ʔal here Basket.Ogress CNTRPT–at čad where
‘The Basket Ogres are chewed into nothing.’
Alice Williams
427
143 gʷəl p’aƛ’aƛ’əxʷ ʔəsqʷatəxʷ tiʔiɬ stab əlgʷəʔ, biʔacs əlgʷəʔ gʷəl SCONJ
p’aƛ’aƛ’=axʷ ʔas–qʷata=axʷ worthless=now STAT–laid.out=now
tiʔiɬ stab əlgʷəʔ biʔac–s DIST what PL meat–3PO
əlgʷəʔ PL
‘And insignificant bits of their meat lie there.’ 144 ʔəsqʷatqʷat all over ʔas–qʷat–qʷata all over STAT–DSTR–laid.out all over
‘They are strewn about all over.’ 145 həbu həbu INTJ
VH: ‘Haboo.’ 146 diɬəxʷ shuys tiʔiɬ dəč’uʔ syəyəhub diɬ=axʷ FOC=now
s=huyu=s
tiʔiɬ
NM=made=3PO
DIST
dəč’uʔ one
AW: ‘That is the end of one story.’ 147 ʔu həbu tsi siʔab, haʔɬ syəyəhub həbu
tsi
INTJ
SPEC:FEM
siʔab noble
haʔɬ good
syəhub legend
VH: ‘Haboo, noble lady, it is a good story.’ 148 haʔɬ syəyəhub haʔɬ good
syəhub legend
AW: ‘It is a good story.’
syəyəhub legend
Glossary of Terms
The terms in the glossary below are intended to explain, in relatively informal language, the meanings of the terms used in the abbreviations found in the interlinear analyses of the texts, as well as some of the technical terms used in the Introduction. Underlined words in definitions refer to words that have their own definitions in the glossary. While not always technically precise, the definitions should give readers a good sense of the intended meaning of the terms employed in this volume; there are also good (and more accurate) definitions and discussions of many of them online. For each definition, two or three typical uses from the present volume are cited by page and line number. activity (ACT) – a suffix added to a verb to indicate that the subject is performing a culturally significant activity (-alikʷ) [page 48, line 188; page 410, line 73]. additive (ADD) – a clitic meaning ‘also’, ‘again’, or ‘more’ (bə=) [page 26, line 36; page 297, line 70; page 394, line 83]. adjunct – a part of a sentence that is not required, but adds extra information such as a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb. adjunctive nominalizer (ADNM) – a clitic that changes the meaning of a clause to refer to a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb in that clause (dəxʷ=) [page 25, line 31; page 270, line 48; page 319, line 4]. affix (—) – a part of a word that is not its root and that can be assigned a specific grammatical meaning or function. allative applicative (ALTV) – a suffix that adds a goal towards which the subject moves (-c/-s) [page 202, line 28; page 343, line 14]. allomorphic – reflecting different pronunciations of an affix (e.g., the difference in the sound of the plural -s in cats versus dogs). allophonic – reflecting a change or variation in pronunciation of a sound that does not alter meaning (e.g., the difference in the sound of the /t/ in write versus writing).
430
Glossary of Terms
applicative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new object. aspect – an inflection of a verb that indicates whether it refers to a complete event or something that is ongoing, an unchanging state, etc. attenuative (ATTN) – a reduplication applied to a word that indicates either small size or diminished force [page 45, line 169; page 235, line 255; page 354, line 95]. autonomous (AUTO) – a suffix indicating that the subject of a verb has acted deliberately to achieve the state described by the verb’s root (-agʷil) [page 146, line 878; page 309, line 151]. causative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new subject that causes the event described by the verb. causative middle (CSMD) – an affix that adds a new subject who causes the event and whose own interests are affected (-b) [page 38, line 122; page 343, line 15]. centrifugal (CNTRFG) – expressing motion away from the centre or the point of reference (“from”) (dxʷ-) [page 281, line 123; page 293, line 40]. centripetal (CNTRPT) – expressing motion towards the centre or the point of reference (“to”) (tul’-) [page 221, line 162; page 365, line 1]. classifier (CLS) – a suffix used in conjunction with a numeral for counting [page 22, line 9; page 45, line 167]. clause – the part of a sentence that expresses an event or a state along with the participants in that event/state; minimally a clause contains a predicate (usually a verb) and a subject; a sentence may consist of more than one clause. clitic (=) – an element that is pronounced together with a word that it is not really a part of (like English n’t in don’t) [see Introduction, pp. 9-10]. collective (COLL) – a lexical suffix denoting a group or collectivity (•dup) [page 24, line 22; page 67, line 324]. connective (CNN) – a meaningless element that occurs between two affixes and helps to join them [page 25, line 28; page 320, line 12]. conjunction (CONJ) – a word used to connect two or more words or phrases (like English and or but). contained (CTD) – a very common prefix with many meanings; originally it had to do with processes that are localized or carried out within some form of containment [page 48, line 193; page 93, line 503], but over time it has come to be used most commonly in words for thoughts, desires, and internal mental states (dxʷ-) [page 224, line 179; page 265, line 15; page 300, line 90]. continuous (CONT) – an aspect that indicates that an event is drawn out over an uninterrupted period of time (ləcu-) [page 21, line 3; page 47, line 186]. coordinated – joined by a conjunction such as English and, or, or but.
Glossary of Terms
431
coordinative (COORD) – a special form of pronominal used in a second or subsequent clause in a series of coordinated (compound) sentences [page 37, line 111; page 206, line 51]. dative applicative (DAT) – a secondary suffix that adds a recipient to a clause (-yi) [page 36, line 106; page 306, line 131]. deictic – having to do with locating something in space relative to the speaker. demonstrative adverbial (DMA) – a type of adverb used to indicate distance and spatial location [page 147, line 887]; sometimes these can function as determiners [page 45, line 166]. derivational – having to do with the formation of words. desiderative (DSD) – a suffix added to a verb that indicates that the subject wishes to perform the action expressed by the verb (-ab); it is always accompanied by the contained prefix (dxʷ-) [page 291, line 29; page 393, line 76]. determiner – a word like the English the or a that introduces a noun or a phrase used as a noun. diminutive (DIM) – a suffix used to indicate small size or affection (-aɬ) [page 21, line 1]. diminished control (DC) – a suffix used to indicate that the subject is not in complete control of the event described by the verb (-dxʷ) [page 225, line 190; page 276, line 92; page 302, line 105]. diminished effectiveness (DIM.EFF) – a reduplication that indicates that an action is performed only partially or ineffectively over and over again [page 238, line 280; page 241, line 302]. distal (DIST) – indicates that something is at a distance from the speaker (farther away than proximal, closer than remote) (tiʔiɬ). distributive (DSTR) – a reduplication that, when applied to nouns, indicates plurality [page 23, line 15] and, when applied to verbs, indicates an action carried out over an area, repeatedly, or by several people [page 22, line 8; page 24, line 21; page 68, line 335]. enclitic – a clitic that comes after the word it attaches to. epenthesis – the insertion of an extra sound in certain phonological contexts. etymology – the study of the history of words. external causative (ECS) – a causative suffix used to add a subject which is less directly involved in the event it causes [page 243, line 316; page 249, line 356] or which is not physically affected by the event (-txʷ) [page 24, line 23; page 236, line 266]. feminine (FEM) – a form of a word used to refer to females, small things, or things the speaker has affection for. focus (FOC) – indicates that the subject of the sentence is a particular thing that is being singled out for attention (diɬ) [page 23, line 14; page 403, line 30].
432
Glossary of Terms
fossilized – being recognizable as an affix or other part of a word but not having its original meaning (or any meaning at all) because of historical developments. generic – referring to a type of thing rather than anything in particular. gloss – translation. habitual (HAB) – a mood that indicates that an action is done habitually or repeatedly over a period of time (ƛ’u=) [page 22, line 8; page 139, line 829]. human (HMN) – a form of numeral used to count people [page 386, line 32]. imperative (IMP) – a particle used as part of a command (ɬi) [page 374, line 66]. implement (IMPL) – a suffix used to form nouns naming tools or implements used for specific purposes (-təd) [page 288, line 10]. inchoative (INCH) – a suffix that indicates the beginning of an action or state (-il) [page 390, line 59; page 401, line 17]. incorporative (INCRP) – suffix used to add a subject to a verb as well as a noun expressing some type of object involved in the activity described by the verb (-əɬ) [page 131, line 771; page 326, line 45; page 389, line 55]. inflection – grammatical elements that are required by words in specific contexts. internal causative (ICS) – a suffix used to add a subject to an event in which it is directly, usually physically, involved (-t/-d) [page 157, line 960; page 320, line 7; page 405, line 42]. instrumental (INSTR) – a prefix added to verbs to create nouns expressing an instrument used to perform an action or activity (səxʷ-) [page 88, line 471]. intensivity (INTNS) – a reduplication applied to a verb or an adverb to intensify its meaning (in a similar way to the English very) [page 390, line 60; page 407, line 56]. interjection (INTJ) – a word that expresses speaker attitude and which can be used on its own or as part of a sentence (like English “Wow!” or “Really?”). interrogative (INT) – a particle used to indicate that a sentence is a question (ʔu) [page 231, line 227; page 255, line 399]. irrealis (IRR) – a mood that indicates that the clause describes an event that hasn’t happened yet (i.e., the future) or which is considered unlikely to happen or hypothetical (ɬu=) [page 265, line 18; page 381, line 3; page 399, line 3]. lexeme – the dictionary form of a word, excluding any inflections it might have. lexical class – part of speech (noun, verb, etc.). lexical suffix (•) – a suffix that has a concrete, substantive meaning usually translated as a noun in English. middle (MD) – a suffix that has a wide range of meanings, mostly indicating that the event or action involves or affects only the subject (-b) [page 264, line 8; page 395, line 89; page 402, line 21].
Glossary of Terms
433
middle applicative (MAP) – a secondary suffix that adds a new object to a verb; the object is usually not directly or physically affected by the event (-bi) [page 305, line 119; page 408, line 60]. modal – expressing mood. monomorphemic – consisting of only one analyzable part. mood – an inflection of verbs that usually indicates speaker attitude about either the reality of an event or its desirability. morpheme – a part of a word that expresses some meaning. morphology – the rules and patterns governing the makeup of words in a language. morphophonemics – phonological changes that apply only to particular affixes. negative proclitic (NEGP) – a clitic that appears in certain types of negative sentences (lə=) [page 231, line 230; page 312, line 169]. nominalizer (NM) – a clitic that is attached to an adverb or a verb in a clause, making the clause more like a noun (similar to English -ing in expressions like Bill’s competing in the race) (s=) [page 371, line 39; page 399, line 5]. nominalizing prefix (NP) – a prefix attached to verbs to make them into nouns (s-) [page 145, line 872; page 213, line 103]. non-compositional – having a meaning that is not the exact sum of the meanings of its parts (e.g., white-collar in white-collar crimes). non-specific (NSPEC) – indicates that the following noun refers to a kind of thing rather than some particular individual (tə). object (OBJ) – the word or phrase that expresses the target of an action (like bread in the baker sliced the bread); objects are often expressed by suffixes on verbs rather than by nouns or pronouns [page 374, line 66; page 409, line 69]. passive (PASS) – a suffix that makes what is usually the object of a verb its subject; what is usually the subject appears in a prepositional phrase in a passive sentence (for example, the English passive of the dog chased the cat is the cat was chased by the dog) (-b) [page 288, line 11; page 383, line 17]. partitive (PRTV) – a prefix that means “other” or “others” and indicates that only some of the people on the scene perform an action (ʔiɬ-) [page 373, line 57], or that only part of a group or an object is involved in an event or action [page 347, line 42]. particle (PTCL) – a word that stands by itself without taking affixes of any kind; particles usually have abstract or grammatical meanings. perfective (PFV) – an aspect that indicates that an action is completed (ʔu-) [page 349, line 61; page 401, line 17]. phoneme – a sound of a language that could be represented by a unique letter in an alphabet; changing a phoneme in a word can potentially change it to another word.
434
Glossary of Terms
phonology – the system of sounds used by a language and the rules that govern their combination and interaction. phonotactics – restrictions on the possible combinations of sounds allowed by a language. person – a grammatical term that refers to the people involved in a conversation; first person is the speaker (‘I’ and ‘we’), second person is the person being addressed (‘you’ and ‘you guys’), and third person is a third party or thing that is being talked about (‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘they’). predicate – part of a clause that states something about, identifies, or classifies the subject. prefix – an affix that is added before a root. preposition (PR) – a word used to introduce a noun into a clause; Lushootseed has two prepositions—ʔal ‘at’, which appears alone or combines with the centrifugal, centripetal, or prolative prefixes, and ʔə, which has no real meaning but performs a number of grammatical functions. proclivative (PROC) – a prefix for professions or people with a predisposition to perform particular actions [page 320, line 170]. proclitic – a clitic that comes before the word it attaches to. progressive (PROG) – an aspect that indicates an action is in progress or takes place over a stretch of time (lə=) [page 367, line 13; page 384, line 21]. prolative (PRLV) – indicates location or motion distributed over an area [page 406, line 48], or motion along a path (liɬ-) [page 333, line 93]. pronominal – a clitic that indicates the subject of a sentence (similar to English I or she, but not a full word). propriative (PROP) – a prefix indicating ownership or possession (bəs-) [page 325, line 40; page 418, line 133]. prosodic – having to do with the rhythmic pattern of speech. proximal (PROX) – indicates that something is close to the speaker (tiʔəʔ). purposive (PRPV) – a suffix that means ‘go in order to do something’ (-iluɬ) [page 54, line 231]. quotative (QTV) – a particle that indicates the speaker is simply repeating something they heard someone else say (k’ʷəɬ) [page 236, line 266; page 271, line 57]. radical – a technical term for “root.” reciprocal (RCP) – a marker on the verb that indicates that the subject acts on the object and the object acts in the same way on the subject (like English each other in they hit each other) (-əgʷəl) [page 390, line 58; page 403, line 27]. reduplication (RDP) – a copy of a part of a word that is added back onto the word itself to express some kind of grammatical meaning; Lushootseed has several types of reduplication, the most common being the attenuative and the distributive.
Glossary of Terms
435
reference-tracking – a system for keeping track of who is being talked about in a story or conversation. reflexive (REFL) – a suffix that indicates the subject is acting on itself (like himself in English he cut himself) (-sut) [page 384, line 21; page 385, line 26]. relational (RLNL) – a suffix with a number of meanings, most commonly used to form expressions of relative spatial location (-bid) [page 368, line 26; page 392, line 68]. remote/hypothetical (REM) – indicates that something is far from the speaker, or that it is considered not to be real or is only a possibility (kʷi). root – the basic part of a word that expresses its central meaning (like write in English rewrites). secondary suffix (SS) – a suffix that combines with other suffixes in order to change the meaning of the verb in a variety of ways; Lushootseed has a variety of these, including the dative and middle applicatives. sentential conjunction (SCONJ) – a word used to organize sentences in a story. specific (SPEC) – indicates that a noun refers to a specific individual (ti). stative (STAT) – an aspect indicating that what the verb describes is a lasting state or state of affairs (ʔas-) [page 56, line 248; page 325, line 44; page 399, line 1]. subject – the protagonist or most important participant in an event. subjunctive (SBJ) – a mood that indicates that an event is uncertain or hypothetical or (in negative sentences) that it is not achievable (gʷə=) [page 133, line 782; page 402, line 23]. subordinate (SBRD) – special set of pronominal subject clitics used on verbs in some kinds of subordinate clause [page 32, line 78; page 324, line 33]. subordinate clause – a clause that is part of another clause and can’t stand on its own as a full sentence (like if I had known in English if I had known, I wouldn’t have done that). suffix – an affix that is added after a root. syntax – the rules that govern the structure of sentences and the combination of words in a language. temporal – expressing tense. tense – an inflection of verbs that indicates whether the event happened in the past, present, or future. topical object (TOBJ) – a suffix used in sentences where the object, rather than the subject, is the topic of the discourse (that is, the most central character of that part of the text) (-agʷiʔ) [page 82, line 427; page 126, line 737]. unique (UNQ) – indicates that the following noun is a unique individual (tiʔacəc). valency – the total number of subject plus objects that a verb can have. wordform – the full form of a word, including inflections.
References
Bates, Dawn, Thomas M. Hess, and Vi Hilbert. 1994. Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Beck, David. 1999. “Words and Prosodic Phrasing in Lushootseed Narrative.” In Studies on the Phonological Word, ed. Toby A. Hall and Ursula Kleinhenz, 23-46. Amsterdam: Benjamins. –. 2000. “Semantic Agents, Syntactic Subjects, and Discourse Topics: How to Locate Lushootseed Sentences in Space and Time.” Studies in Language 24: 277-317. Beck, David, and Thom Hess. 2010. “Two syəyəhub from Harry Moses.” In A Festschrift for Thomas M. Hess on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, ed. David Beck, 1-54. Whatcom Museum Publications 21. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum Publications. –. 2014. Tellings from Our Elders: Lushootseed syəyəhub. Volume 1 – Snohomish Texts. Vancouver: UBC Press. Bierwert, Crisca. 1996. Lushootseed Texts: An Introduction to Puget Sound Salish Narrative Aesthetics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa, and M. Dale Kinkade. 1998. “Salish Languages and Linguistics.” In Salish Languages and Linguistics: Theoretical and Descriptive Perspectives, ed. Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins and M. Dale Kinkade, 1-68. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Hess, Thomas M. 1976. Dictionary of Puget Salish. Seattle: American Indian Studies, University of Washington Press. --. 1977. “Lushootseed Dialects.” Anthropological Linguistics 19: 403-19. –. 1982. “Traces of ‘Abnormal’ Speech in Lushootseed.” In Papers for the 17th International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages, 89-97. Portland, OR. –. 1995. Lushootseed Reader with Introductory Grammar. Volume I: Four Stories from Edward Sam. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics.
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–. 1998. Lushootseed Reader with Intermediate Grammar. Volume II: Four Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. –. 2006. Lushootseed Reader with English Translations. Volume III: Four More Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu. 1985. Haboo: Native American Stories from Puget Sound. Seattle: University of Washington Press. --. 1995a. əč’usədəʔ ʔə gʷəqʷulc’əʔ, Aunt Susie Sampson Peter: The Wisdom of a Skagit Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 1995b. siastənu, “Gram” Ruth Sehome Shelton: The Wisdom of a Tulalip Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 1995c. pətius, Isadore Tom. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 1996. Lady Louse Lived There. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. --. 2004. Haboo: Lushootseed Literature in English. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu, and Thomas M. Hess. 1977. “Lushootseed.” In Northwest Coast Texts: Stealing Light, ed. Barry F. Carlson, 4-32. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kinkade, M. Dale, William W. Elmendorf, Bruce Rigsby, and Haruo Aoki. 1998. “Languages.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Plateau, ed. Deward E. Walker Jr., 49-72. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Kiyosawa, Kaoru, and Donna B. Gerdts. 2010. Salish Applicatives. Leiden: Brill.