Tellings from Our Elders: Lushootseed syeyehub | Volume 1: Snohomish Texts [1] 9780774823579

Table of contents :
Cover
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
Abbreviations and Symbols
Introduction
Language
Texts
Transcription and analysis
Transcription practices
Presentation
Acknowledgments
1 – səswix̌ab Martha Williams Lamont c. 1880–1973
Pheasant and Raven
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
Changer
Owl Lives There
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
Crow Is Sick (First Telling)
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
Basket Ogress
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
Coyote and His Daughter
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
2 – Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise 1875-1969
Lady Louse
First Version
Second Version
3 – sʔadacut Edward “Hagan” Sam 1907-1973
Black Bear and Ant
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
Coyote and the Big Rock
Mink and Tutyika
4 – lalacut Agnes Jules James 1889-1971
Basket Ogress
Glossary of Terms
References

Citation preview

Tellings from Our Elders Volume 1: Snohomish Texts

Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology

FIRST NATIONS LANGUAGES The First Nations languages of the world, many of which are renowned for the complexity and richness of their linguistic structure, embody the cumulative cultural knowledge of Aboriginal peoples. This vital linguistic heritage is currently under severe threat of extinction. This series is dedicated to the linguistic study of these languages. Patricia A. Shaw, a member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia and director of the First Nations Languages Program, is general editor of the series. The other volumes in the series are: The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax Jan van Eijk Musqueam Reference Grammar Wayne Suttles When I Was Small – I Wan Kwikws: A Grammatical Analysis of St’át’imc Oral Narratives Lisa Matthewson Witsuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology Sharon Hargus Making Wawa: The Genesis of Chinook Jargon George Lang A Tsilhqút’ín Grammar Eung-Do Cook

Tellings from Our Elders: Lushootseed syəyəhub Volume 1: Snohomish Texts as told by Martha Williams Lamont, Elizabeth Charles Krise, Edward Sam, and Agnes Jules James David Beck and Thom Hess

© UBC Press 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright, www.accesscopyright.ca. The stories, as told by Martha Lamont, Elizabeth Krise, Edward (Hagan) Sam, and Agnes James, and as they appear in this book, are reproduced with the permission of the Tulalip Tribes, who are the guardians and holders of the Native copyright and cultural heritage rights. They may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission from the Tulalip Tribes. 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada on ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free.

ISBN 9780774823579 Cataloguing-in-publication data for this book is available from Library and Archives Canada.

UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund), the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

UBC Press The University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 604-822-5959 / Fax: 604-822-6083 www.ubcpress.ca

This book is for the Elders – Elder speakers and Elder linguists – in the hope that they will live on in the hearts of the younger.

Contents

Foreword / ix The Tulalip Tribes Lushootseed Department Abbreviations and Symbols / xii Introduction / 1 Language / 2 Texts / 3 Transcription and analysis / 5 Transcription practices / 9 Presentation / 16 Acknowledgments / 27 1

Martha Williams Lamont / 29 Pheasant and Raven / 32 The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife / 73 Changer / 199 Owl Lives There / 237 Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron / 263 Crow Is Sick (First Telling) / 297 Crow Is Sick (Second Telling) / 310 Basket Ogress / 323 Mink and Tutyika (First Telling) / 356 Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling) / 370 Coyote and His Daughter / 408 Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives / 447

viii

Contents

2

Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise / 513 Lady Louse / 516 First Version / 516 Second Version / 517

3

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam / 519 Black Bear and Ant / 522 Black Bear and Fish Hawk / 534 Coyote and the Big Rock / 547 Mink and Tutyika / 558

4

lalacut Agnes Jules James / 567 Basket Ogress / 570

Glossary of Terms / 591 References / 599

Foreword

The Lushootseed word syəhub, which has been used to refer to the texts in this volume, is often translated into English as “traditional story.” As we continue to speak, write, and think in English about these written texts, we shorten “traditional story” to “story,” a word that results in the blending of our concept of syəhub with an English-language concept that can refer to everything from a spontaneous lie to an art narrative composed in writing by a sole author and published as a fixed text. “Traditional story” is an ineffective rendition because it fails to address the basic characteristics of syəhub, which is an oral tradition; and it is a dangerous rendition because it serves to dilute our awareness of those characteristics. As we are taught, the syəhub is a cumulative unwritten tradition, not any one realization of it. It is also a cloud of possibilities with a particular but unstable centre around a group of potentialities remembered and forgotten, realized and unrealized, constantly changing, known only fragmentarily by any one person or any one tribe or at any one time. It is a gyre of motifs, rhetorical strategies, characters, plots, teachings, commentary, names, formulas, places, histories, customs, songs, specialized knowledge, and much else. The syəhub contains private property but also regional borrowings, as well as overlaps with every other oral tradition in the world. However, every realization of a syəhub tradition is culturally and individually specific. When we come to the task of talking about heritage rights and the tribal duty of heritage guardianship as these apply to a syəhub tradition, we find that there are no English-language resources available that do not distort what we need to say. This is due in part to the fact that English-language discourse about rights and the legal protection of rights to oral narrative has yet to

x

Foreword

develop concepts of heritage and oral tradition. What we can do, however, is state as a basic principle that, whether it is done by tribal members or nontribal members, all work that makes use of our traditions should be done in such a way as to benefit the people of Tulalip. When we are talking about the syəhub tradition and traditional oratory, “benefit” means specifically to be of help to our work in the revitalization of our language and oral traditions. Our tribal duty of heritage guardianship involves the assertion of protocols to ensure that our traditions are not misconstrued or decontextualized. syəyəhub do not exist for the purpose of teaching reading skills or for the purpose of linguistic analysis. For people who work with our syəhub tradition, no matter what kind of work they are doing, it is vital that syəyəhub continue to serve the purposes for which they have come into existence. The most important of these purposes is to ensure the survival of those who hear them. Research and curriculum development are not tasks that in themselves permit syəhub to do its work. It is not that we do not want these tasks to be done (we do them ourselves); it is that the research or curriculum “use” of the tradition must not stop with that “use,” which is so far short of allowing syəyəhub to work. Otherwise, the “use” of the tradition is like girdling the cedar tree from which you are taking bark: you kill it in the course of your work. Here are some examples of deeds that we hope our assertion of heritage guardianship will prevent in the future: the context-shorn, reductive translation of our stories so that they lose their ability to save lives; the use of such translations in classrooms at all, but especially in classrooms serving Native students; the exclusive use of translations in the classroom; the exclusive reliance on written texts in cross-cultural work involving our traditions; the mining of transcribed texts of our oral tradition for data of various kinds, with no respect for the life-giving nature of the traditions; and the failure of outsiders to share with the Tribe the fruits of their study of our traditions. As the present volume was being prepared, Professor Beck entered into an agreement with the Tulalip Tribes that will prolong the relationship of many decades between the Tribes and Professor Thom Hess, a relationship involving the mutual exchange of information and assistance. UBC Press has offered the Tribes the opportunity to expand on the work of this volume in a way that will involve our tribal membership and aid us in the work of caring

Foreword

xi

for our language. We welcome these prospects of further work with both Professor Beck and the Press.

The Tulalip Tribes Lushootseed Department

Abbreviations and Symbols

[]

grammatical amendment

CONT

continuous

()

phonological/contextual

COORD

coordinative

()

additional information

‿

two-part lexical item

= –

CSMD

causative middle

CTD

contained

DAT

dative applicative

DC

diminished control

clitic boundary

DIM.EFF

diminished effectiveness

affix boundary

DIST

distal

•

lexical suffix boundary

DMA

demonstrative adverbial

♪

line from a song

DSD

desiderative

ˑ

rhetorical lengthening

DSTR

distributive

1, 2, 3

first, second, third person

ECS

external causative

ABS

absent

FEM

feminine

ACT

activity

FOC

focus

ADD

additive

HAB

habitual

ADNM

adjunctive nominalizer

HMN

human

ALTV

allative applicative

ICS

internal causative

ATTN

attenuative

IMP

imperative

AUTO

autonomous

INCH

inchoative

CLS

classifier

INSTR

instrumental

CNN

connective

INT

interrogative

CNTRFG

centrifugal

INTJ

interjection

CNTRPT

centripetal

INTNS

intensivity

COLL

collective

IRR

irrealis

CONJ

conjunction

MAP

middle applicative

ellision (in text) (in glosses)

Abbreviations and Symbols

xiii

middle

PRTV

partitive

NEG

negative

PTCL

particle

NEGP

negative proclitic

QTV

quotative

MD

NM

nominalizer

RCP

reciprocal

NP

nominalizing prefix

RDP

reduplication

NSPEC

non-specific

REFL

reflexive

OBJ

object

REM

remote/hypothetical

PASS

passive

RLNL

relational

PFV

perfective

SBJ

subjunctive

PL

plural

SBRD

subordinate

PO

possessive

SCONJ

sentential conjunction

PR

preposition

SG

singular

PRLV

prolative

SPEC

specific

PROC

proclivitive

SS

secondary suffix

PROG

progressive

STAT

stative

PROP

propriative

SUB

subject

PROX

proximal

UNQ

unique

PRPV

purposive

Tellings from Our Elders Volume 1: Snohomish Texts

Introduction

A key element of the documentation, preservation, and potential revitalization of severely endangered languages is the compilation of transcribed and analyzed texts in the language that can serve as resources for language programs, community activists, and speakers or speaker-descendants; such texts are also essential tools for academic linguists doing research beneficial to the speech community itself, as well as to the larger goals of typological and theoretical studies in linguistics. One particularly important and wellrepresented genre of indigenous language text is the traditional story, a genre favoured by linguists, especially in North America and in the Pacific Northwest, since the times of Franz Boas. Such texts provide repositories of important cultural knowledge, specialized vocabulary and grammatical structures, and patterns of narrative stylistics and discourse that make them especially rich sources of linguistic data and of very high value to speakerdescendant communities. In the case of Lushootseed, a great many traditional stories, or syəyəhub, have been recorded and transcribed, largely through the efforts of the late Thom Hess and Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, and several collections of stories with line-by-line translations have been produced (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006; Hilbert 1995a, 1995b; Bierwert 1996) – but to date only two fully analyzed texts have been published (Hilbert and Hess 1977; Beck and Hess 2010). Thus, ironically, although Lushootseed is one of the better-documented languages of the Salishan family in terms of the amount of recorded and transcribed material available, this material remains in fairly inaccessible form from the perspective of those seeking insight, whether for pedagogical or academic purposes, into the structure and logic of the language itself. The purpose of these volumes is to rectify this situation to some extent by offering

2

Introduction

a collection of traditional narratives accompanied by full analysis, translation, and interlinear glosses, beginning here with stories told in the Snohomish dialect of Lushootseed. It is hoped that this collection will serve the purposes of linguists and other scholars, advanced learners, and teachers of the language, and will become an important part of the documentary record of the Lushootseed language as it was spoken by the final generation of Elders who spoke it as an exclusive mother tongue. Language Lushootseed (dəxʷləšucid, also known as Puget Salish or Skagit-Nisqually) is the name given to the language of the indigenous peoples living in the Puget Sound basin, along the lower stretches of the Skagit and Samish River systems, on Whidbey Island, and in the eastern half of Fidalgo Island in northwest Washington State (Bates et al. 1994). Along with Twana, it forms the Southern branch of the Central Salish division of the Salishan language family (Kiyosawa and Gerdts 2010). The different varieties of the language constitute a dialect continuum, generally divided by linguists into two groups, Northern and Southern (Hess 1977), based on differences in lexical stresspatterns and the distribution of certain vocabulary and grammatical elements. The Southern varieties include Duwamish, Nisqually, Puyallup, Sahewamish, Skykomish, Snoqualamie, Squaxin, Suquamish, and Whulshootseed (Muckleshoot), while the Northern division encompasses Sauk-Suiattle, Skagit, Snohomish, Stillaguamish, Swinomish, and Upper Skagit. Although these divisions reflect the current situation in terms of recorded and extant speech varieties, in earlier times, before disruption by European contact and the redistribution of the population to reserves, dialectal differences could be used to identify individual villages and households (Bates et al. 1994). Currently, Lushootseed is the first language of probably fewer than a dozen Elders, although some varieties are being maintained as heritage languages through energetic revitalization programs. Snohomish (shudubš) is the southernmost member of the Northern dialect group, currently spoken on and around the Tulalip Reservation, although the dialect name originally applied to a variety spoken further up the Snohomish River (Bates et al. 1994). While it is the native language of no more than a handful of remaining Elders in their seventies and eighties, Snohomish has been at the centre of serious revitalization efforts and currently

Introduction

3

has several fluent speakers who learned the language as adults, as well as many others of varying degrees of proficiency in the spoken and (now) written language. Of the Lushootseed varieties, Snohomish is one of the most familiar. Snohomish materials constitute a substantial portion of the recordings of native Northwest languages made by Leon Metcalf in the 1950s, and the Snohomish dialect was the focus of extensive research by Thom Hess, who began recording and working with Elders at Tulalip in the 1960s. In particular, Snohomish is the source of material for the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006), and vocabulary from Snohomish Elders and recorded Snohomish stories figures prominently in the Dictionary of Puget Salish (Hess 1976) and the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994). This volume presents eighteen Snohomish tales from among the recordings in the Hess and Metcalf Collections. Texts The stories in this volume are all traditional tales, or syəyəhub, told by four Tulalip Elders: Mrs. Martha Lamont, Mr. Edward (Hagan) Sam, Mrs. Elizabeth Krise, and Mrs. Agnes James. Four of the stories (“Crow Is Sick: First Telling,” “Mink and Tutyika: First telling,” “Coyote and His Daughter,” and “Basket Ogress” told by Mrs. Lamont, and “Basket Ogress” told by Mrs. James) come from recordings made by Leon Metcalf in the 1950s; the remainder were recorded in the following decade by Thom Hess. Three of the stories included in this volume (“Mink and Tutyika: Second Telling” and “Crow Is Sick: Second Telling” by Mrs. Lamont, and “Mink and Tutyika” as told by Mr. Sam) are versions of stories first heard on the Metcalf tapes but reprised for Hess’ recordings in the 1960s. The volume also contains two separate versions of the Basket Ogress story, one told by Mrs. Lamont and the other by Mrs. James, both recorded by Leon Metcalf. The stories included here are selections made initially by Thom Hess for use in preparing lexicographical and pedagogical materials, and represent the most narratively complete and accessible Snohomish syəhub in the Hess and Metcalf collections. Twelve have been previously published in the three volumes of the Lushootseed Reader (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006), and, of these, three – Mrs. Lamont’s tellings of the Changer story, “The Brothers of Pheasant’s wife” (also known as “The Story of the Seal Hunters”), and the second telling of “Crow Is Sick” – have also appeared in slightly different

4

Introduction

form in Bierwert 1996, an excellent volume dedicated to the analysis of Lushootseed narrative aesthetics. The remaining six stories – two tellings of the story of “Mink and Tutyika” by Mrs. Lamont, a telling of the nursery-tale “Lady Louse” by Mrs. Krise, and two tellings of the Basket Ogress story, one by Mrs. Lamont and the other by Mrs. James – are hitherto unpublished, although a redacted version of “Lady Louse” has been used extensively in pedagogical materials and appears in Hilbert 1996. All of the texts recorded by Hess were initially transcribed by hand with the assistance of an Elder. In the case of the stories told by Mrs. Lamont, transcription was done for the most part with her husband, Mr. Levi Lamont, often in Mrs. Lamont’s presence, though some assistance was also offered by Mrs. Louise George. Mrs. George also assisted with the transcriptions of Mr. Sam’s stories, as did Mr. Sam himself. Mrs. Krise assisted in the transcription of “Lady Louse.” During the transcription process, the connected narrative was broken down into lines corresponding roughly to syntactic units, words, and phrases in ways that seemed intuitive to Hess and the Elders at the time. This was done on a largely informal basis, and the results are particular to each individual story, depending no doubt on the style of the telling, the inclinations of the Elders working with Hess on the transcription, and just how large a chunk of material Hess felt he could cope with in any one instance. These original line breaks have largely been preserved, although some minor adjustments have been made over the years and are reflected in the texts presented in this volume.1 The recordings made by Leon Metcalf were all transcribed in the first place by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, who took upon herself the monumental task of listening to, copying down, and translating the many reels in this collection. These transcriptions and Mrs. Hilbert’s translations were then gone over with Hess, corrected and adjusted, and finally passed into clean typescript. Many of the texts from both sets of recordings, Metcalf’s and Hess’, were then entered into a computer, most of them by Hess and a few by Beck. Hess’ original files were created in an ancient DOS-based word processor and later converted by Beck into a more modern format and incorporated into an analytical database that was then used to parse and produce the interlinearizations of the texts presented below. __________ 1

For an illustrative discussion of a reallocation of line breaks based on phonetic considerations, see Beck and Bennett 2007.

Introduction

5

Transcription and analysis The transcriptions of the stories in this volume differ in some ways from earlier published versions. Most notable are revisions made on relistening to the tapes and comparing the recordings directly with existing transcripts. As an example, consider line 129 of the text “Little Diver Is Wife of Heron,” told by Mrs. Lamont, as it is given in the third volume of the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 2006, 17, line 129): 1

hay gʷəl (h)uy cutəxʷ ti acəc iišəds alalš ə ti acəc cədi ʷu ʷəy

alalš s ti i i

divers, stab əw’ə

’ət

i tsi ə gət

ista b ti acəc ista b, stab kʷi sda s al kʷi, ti i stəb,

swuqʷad i əwawq’ sə sa li ti i brothers dəxʷsqatəd ə

tsi ə cədi . ‘And then her relatives spoke, the brothers of this gal, Little Diver – her brothers that, uh, What are the names of those? uh, uh – Loon and Big Diver, the two brothers of this one.’ (Hess 2006, 17, line 129; translation on page 244)

This same stretch of text appears in the present volume as follows: 2

hay gʷəl (h)uy cutəxʷ ti acəc iišəds alalš ə tsi ə gət ʷu ʷəy hay

gʷəl

huy

cut=axʷ

ti acəc

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say=now

UNQ

ə PR

tsi ə

gət

PROX:FEM

guy Little.Diver

al–alš

iišəd–s relatives–3PO

PL–cross.sex.sibling

ʷu ʷəy

‘And then her relatives spoke, the brothers of this gal, Little Diver.’ 3

alalš ti i i

ista b ti acəc ista b ...

al–alš–s

ti i i

PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO

PL–DIST

ista b be.like

ti acəc UNQ

ista b be.like

‘Those who are like her older brothers, the very ones who are like ...’ 4

stab kʷi sda atəb əlgʷə stab

kʷi

s=da a–t–b=s

əlgʷə

what

REM

NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

‘What are their names?’ 5

ə ayu Levi Lamont: ‘??’

6

6

Introduction

No ti i stab ti i stab divers ... no ti i

stab

ti i

stab

no

what

DIST

what divers

DIST

divers

Martha Lamont: ‘No, something, something, divers ...’ 7

stab əw’ə ... swuqʷad stab

əw’ə

swuqʷad

what

PTCL

loon

‘What is it? Loon!’ 8

i swuqʷad i əwawq’ əwawq’ i CONJ

swuqʷad loon

i CONJ

əwawq’

əwawq’

Big.Diver Big.Diver

‘Loon and Big Diver, Big Diver.’ 9

sə sa li ti i brothers ə tsi ə cədi səsa li

ti i

brothers

ə

two:HMN

DIST

brothers PR

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘She has two brothers.’ Little Diver is wife of Heron, lines 137-44]

The extensive differences between the transcriptions have two sources. One is, of course, careful relistening with the aid of modern equipment for slowing down or enhancing audio recordings. This particular part of the recording of “Little Diver” is difficult to follow because it contains a number of false starts and hesitations, and the recording is muffled as Mrs. Lamont directs some of her speech at her husband rather than into the microphone. This off-task exchange between Mr. and Mrs. Lamont is the second source of the discrepancies between the two versions of the text. In keeping with the intention of presenting the stories as monologues and maintaining their narrative continuity, Mrs. Lamont’s asides and her question to her husband are backgrounded (given in angle brackets to indicate false starts and misspeaking) in the Reader, and Mr. Lamont’s reply to the question is left out completely.2 __________ 2

Note that this volume and the Readers do concur in the treatment of the first block of material enclosed in angle brackets in (1), which is clearly a misspeaking as it says, incorrectly, that the relatives being introduced were Kingfisher’s (č’ət ). Mrs. Lamont corrects herself immediately, clarifying that they were, in fact, relatives of Little Diver ( ʷuʔ ʷəyʔ). Where misspeakings of this type are retained in angle brackets in the Readers, they are generally excluded from the texts in this volume (see below for further discussion).

Introduction

7

From the point of view of the story itself, much of this can be seen as an interruption; from a linguistic point of view, however, this is extremely valuable data, a conversational exchange, of a type that is very rare for this group of Elders. Although this particular stretch of text is probably the most extensive revision in this volume, there are a few other places where material heard in the recordings but excluded from the transcriptions in the Readers has been reincorporated into the versions of the stories presented here. A second type of change in the transcriptions stems from grammatical reanalysis and minor reinterpretations of forms and structures based on a deepening knowledge of Lushootseed grammar. An example of this kind of revision can be seen in the comparison of the different transcriptions of the following lines from Mrs. Lamont’s “The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife”: 10

əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ tə a(h) as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

tə NSPEC

ah be.there

‘ “You are fine there.” ’ (Hess 2006, 49, line 190) 11

əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ ta a as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

ta a DIST:UNQ.DMA

‘ “You are fine there.” ’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 190]

The sentence in (10) is the line from the version of this text published in the third Lushootseed Reader (Hess 2006), interlinearized as it would have appeared in this volume; (11) is the same line as it appears below. The difference lies in the transcription of the last words in the sentence, originally transcribed as tə ʔa(h) ‘something that is there’ and reanalyzed here as the unique distal demonstrative adverb taʔaʔ ‘over there’. Semantically, the original expression seems not to fit the translation very well, while syntactically it takes the form of a direct argument that seems not to be part of the normal valency of the main verb, ƛ’ubil ‘be fine’. While the original interpretation of the phrase was probably as an adverbial adjunct, the use of the non-specific determiner does not match the translation well, and an adjunct of this type would normally be nominalized and/or be introduced by a preposition. Careful relistening and analysis with the aid of phonetics software (Praat . ) reveals the actual word on tape to be ta a ], the laryngealized mid-

8

Introduction

portion of the vowel being a logical realization of an intervocalic glottal stop in rapid speech. All in all there are very few changes of this type, and such alterations to the text were made only when, as in the preceding example, they were fully supported by the phonological, syntactic, and semantic evidence. Another source of discrepancy between the transcriptions presented here and those found in the Readers is the treatment of lexical items, phrases, and sentences spoken in English, many of which are left out of earlier transcriptions. For example, the following line appears in the third volume of the Readers as it is given in (12), but appears in this volume as given in (13): 12 bəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə

i ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus ə ti ə mi man’ ’a ’as

‘She and Owl have a little boy.’ (Hess 2006, 3, line 10) 13 bəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə

i ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus ə ti ə baby mi man’ ’a ’as

bəda –b=axʷ

əlgʷə

offspring–MD=now

PL

mi –man’ ATTN–small

i CONJ

ti ə

təkʷtəkʷəlus

PROX

owl

ə PR

ti ə

baby

PROX

baby

’a ’as child

‘She and Owl have a little baby boy.’ Owl Lives There, line 10]

While English is not consistently expunged from the texts in the Readers, there are many cases where it is heard on tape but is either not included in the transcription or given in angle brackets. The removal of English material from the text might have originally been motivated by a desire for a “pure” Lushootseed, as closely as possible approximating what might have been heard from monolingual speakers of an older generation. This somewhat artificial practice has been set aside here in the recognition that code switching, code mixing, and other effects of language contact are inevitable and are, in and of themselves, a legitimate area of inquiry that these texts may shed some small light on. English words are given in the transcription lines in italics and, when incorporated into Lushootseed sentences, are glossed like any other element of the sentence, as shown above in (13). When entire sentences are spoken in English, these are numbered in sequence and given in italics, but are not provided with glosses.

Introduction

9

Transcription practices Over and above clear discrepancies between the versions of stories given here and those presented in earlier publications, there are differences between the practices and conventions employed in presenting transcriptions in this volume and those employed in the Lushootseed Readers. One of these is the omission of parentheses used in the Readers to present “unpronounced” phonological material, a practice put into place as an aid for students using the Readers to study Lushootseed grammar. In many cases, such as that in (14) below, this material is added based on morphological considerations, but does not reflect genuine pronunciation of Lushootseed words and phrases: 14

əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷəd(d)xʷs tsi i bəda s ‘How would he manage to get his daughter?’ (Hess 1998, 95, line 133)

In this sentence, the extra “d” is added to help the student see that the word kʷədxʷ is composed of the radical kʷəd(a)- ‘taken’ and the diminished control suffix -dxʷ.3 The same line is presented in this volume as: 15

əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs tsi i bəda s as– al STAT–how

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s

tsi i

bəda –s

REM

SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO

DIST:FEM

offspring–3PO

‘How would he manage to get his daughter?’ Coyote and His Daughter, line 133]

This transcription reproduces the line as spoken on tape more faithfully. The analysis of the word is recoverable from the interlinear gloss, and comparison of the two lines provides information about the morphophonemics and phonotactics of the language. Similarly, the Readers provide full forms of the temporal and modal clitics – ɬu= ‘irrealis’, tu= ‘past’, ƛ’u= ‘habitual’, bə= ‘additive’, and gʷə= ‘subjunctive’ – in environments where the full forms are never pronounced: 16

ʷul’ əd ɬulə u ʷtxʷ ti ə ɬ(u)ads ə txʷ ɬ(u)ads ild əlgʷə ‘I will just take what you will feed them, what food you will give them.’ (Hess 1998, 58, line 56)

__________ 3

In this particular case, the radical kʷəda- ‘taken’ is one of a set of Lushootseed radicals with a final vowel that surfaces only in certain contexts (cf. the transitive form kʷədad ‘take sth’). This vowel is included in the second line of analysis in (15) as part of the “full” or underlying form of the radical.

10

Introduction

In normal speech, the sequence of vowels created by joining ɬu= and ad= in (16) is simplified to /a/, as shown in the same line as presented in this volume: 17

ʷul’ əd ɬulə u ʷtxʷ ti ə ɬads ə txʷ ɬads ild əlgʷə ʷul’ only

əd 1SG.SUB

u=lə= u ʷ–txʷ IRR=PROG=go–ECS

ti ə PROX

u=ad=s= ə –txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.fed–ECS

əlgʷə

u=ad=s= il–t IRR=2SG.PO=NM=give.food–ICS

PL

‘I will just take what you will feed them, what food you will give them.’ Crow Is Sick: First Telling, line 57]

This reduction is absolutely consistent in all the recordings, and so the elided phonological material (the vowel of the modal clitic) is not presented as part of the transcription, though it is recoverable from the full form of the clitic as given in the interlinear gloss. There is, however, one environment in which the phonological material in parentheses included in the Readers is also included in this volume, even though it is not heard in the recordings. This is where phonological juncture has taken place in rapid speech between two words that, in careful speech, would be pronounced as two completely separate items, with the potential for pauses between them or for the presence of intervening words in slightly different syntactic contexts. An example of this can be seen in (18): 18

əs ə itxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbəda as– ə id–txʷ STAT–what.happen–ECS

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

sixʷ

tsi

ad–bəda

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–offspring

‘What have you done to your daughter?’ (Hess 1998, 99, line 230; Coyote and His Daughter, line 234)

Instead of the full form of the noun phrase tsi adbədaʔ ‘your daughter’, what is heard in the recording here is tsadbəda , the feminine determiner tsi being reduced to /ts/ and pronounced as part of the following word. The full form of words pronounced in this way is maintained in the transcription in the interests of clarity in the syntactic analysis, and in recognition of the fact that the reduction of these forms is not absolutely consistent and is particular to rate of speech and specific prosodic environments.

Introduction

11

Unlike parentheses, which are not to be interpreted as “corrections” of the text, the square brackets used both here and in the Lushootseed Readers indicate grammatical amendments to the spoken line. These are used to provide either: (1) missing grammatical markers or syntactic elements, the majority of which were added on the advice of the Elder working on the original transcription; or (2) repairs of words that were mispronounced due to slips of the tongue or extremely rapid speech. An example of the first type of amendment can be seen in (19): 19 cick’ʷəxʷ əsdukʷtxʷ ti ə bad s cick’ʷ=axʷ very=now

as–dukʷu–txʷ STAT–abnormal–ECS

ti ə

bad–s

PROX

father–3PO

‘She is very angry with her father.’ (Hess 1998, 99, line 223; Coyote and His Daughter, line 227)

Here the source of the amendment is the meaning of the sentence, which (along with the context) makes it clear that the woman being discussed is angry with her own father (Coyote), hence the addition of the possessive suffix. Other (fewer) editorial amendments are motivated by purely grammatical considerations: 20

əbil’ əxʷ ušudxʷ ti i uləgʷa ʷ u s əƛ’cbicids ti i s ə ə təd əbil’

əxʷ

perhaps 2SG.SUB

u=šu –dxʷ

ti i

IRR=see–DC

DIST

u=s= əƛ’–c–bicid=s IRR=NM=come–ALTV–2SG.OBJ=3PO

u=lə=gʷa ʷ IRR=PROG=walk

ti i

s ə ə təd

DIST

in.law

‘Perhaps you will see some who will be travelling, those brothers of my wife will come after you.’ (Hess 2006, 49, line 180; The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 180)

In (20) we see two amendments. The first is the addition of the nominalizing clitic s= to the word ɬu[s]ʔəƛ’cbicids ‘their future coming after you’. This is motivated both by the syntax of the sentence (the nominalization of the clause is an indicator of subordination) and by the fact that the word itself bears the third-person possessive enclitic =s, which marks agreement with a subject (the in-laws) only for nominalized verbs. The second amendment, the addition of the determiner tiʔiɬ, was made following the principle that nouns in argument

12

Introduction

position (in this case, the subject/possessor of the nominalized clause) consistently require a determiner. Such amendments are marked in this volume both to alert readers to discrepancies with what is heard in the recordings, and, of course, to leave open the possibility that the utterances as spoken were in fact correct sentences following grammatical patterns that have yet to be understood. The second motivation for adding material in brackets was mispronunciation, generally in the context of rapid speech, as in (21): 21 huˑy qʷib icut əxʷ ti ə

aci talbixʷ

huy

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

prepared–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘Then the people get ready.’ (Hess 1998, 101, line 272; Coyote and His Daughter, line 276)

Here the word heard in the recording is qʷibəxʷ , whereas the transcribers recognized the form as the word qʷibicut ‘prepare oneself’ and offered the full form by way of correction.4 In principle, these slips of the tongue are different from the regular, context-sensitive reductions discussed earlier, although in practice there are many subtler cases where judgments would have had to have been made on the part of the transcribers as to what constitutes an error and what is simply normal phonological variation or reduction.5 It should be noted that in all three cases presented here, the amendments were made on the advice of the Elders working on the original transcriptions, as were the majority of amendments to the texts presented below, which are also found in other published versions of the same texts. In a very few (and only in absolutely uncontroversial) cases, further amendments have been added to transcriptions as part of the preparation of this volume. __________ 4

It is possible that in this case the line as spoken was, strictly speaking, grammatical, as the bare radical qʷib ‘be ready’ is found used in sentences in the Lushootseed Dictionary – in which case, the gloss of the sentence would be ‘the people were ready’ and the amendment might have been made based on stylistic rather than grammatical considerations; however, the examples in the dictionary all have the stative aspectual prefix on them, and it is not known at this time whether the radical without this prefix would be acceptable in this context. 5 There are, in fact, some inconsistencies in the Lushootseed Readers as to what is treated as predictable phonological variation and what is treated as an editorial amendment, with the same thing in one instance being given in parentheses and in another in square brackets. This has been standardized for the texts in this volume, following the principles outlined above.

Introduction

13

There are some few instances where editorial amendments found in the Readers are not maintained in present volume, which instead presents the lines as they are actually spoken on tape. This is done only in those cases where the original structure heard in the recording is well attested in other parts of the corpus (an example of this is seen in [25] below) and/or where the amendment is clearly inconsistent with the intended meaning of the sentence (as judged by the glosses). The only frequent example of this practice is removal of aspect markers, particularly the perfective aspect marker, added to many verbs in the versions of the texts found in the Readers. Most of these appear to have been added for stylistic, rather than grammatical, reasons, and this particular series of emendations seems to have been carried out at a later stage of editing, rather than in consultation with Elders during the transcription process. Brackets in this volume are also used to a limited extent where a misspeaking has led to a contradictory or potentially confusing statement due to an error in lexical choice. This occurs, for example, in one or two places in Mrs. Lamont’s telling of “Little Diver Was the Wife of Heron,” as shown in (22): 22 gʷəl a əlal’ gʷətukʷədubəs tə cədi gʷəl

a əlal’

SCONJ

almost.caught

’ət ]

gʷə=tu=kʷəda–dxʷ–b=as

tə

cədi

SBJ=PAST=taken–DC–PASS=3SBRD

NSPEC

s/he

’ət kingfisher ‘And Kingfisher was almost caught.’ Little Diver is the Wife of Heron, line 224]

The final word in this sentence as spoken on tape is sbəq’ʷaʔ ‘heron’; however, in the context of the story, it is clearly Kingfisher who was almost caught, and nearly killed, by Heron. Because this is a confusion between two major characters in the story, a correction was felt to be in order. In the Readers, the corrected version of the sentence is given and the change is acknowledged in a footnote, but the altered lexical item is not marked as such in the text; here, the correction is treated as an editorial amendment. In other contexts, however, where potential confusion affecting the comprehension of the story is not at stake, similar misspeaking are not corrected. Consider (2 ), from the story “Owl Lives There”:

14

Introduction

23 huy šudubəxʷ ə ti acəc qaw’qs huyəxʷ … qaw’qs … huy

šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

see–DC–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

huy=axʷ

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

SCONJ=now

raven

‘Then Raven, well now, she is seen by Raven ...’ Owl Lives There, line 54]

Here the storyteller, Mrs. Lamont, makes reference to Raven, who is not a character in the story at all – instead, what she meant to say instead of qaw’qs was təkʷtəkʷəlus ‘owl’. This clear enough from context, and the fact that Raven is not otherwise present in the story removes the possibility of serious misunderstanding. It should be noted that in the third volume of the Readers, where this text appears (Hess 2006, 5, line 51), the error is simply corrected without acknowledgment. Another departure from earlier transcription practices is the exclusion of false starts, hesitations, and misspeaking (as judged either at the time of transcription by the native-speaker collaborator, or later on by Hess in finalizing the transcriptions). While this material is included in the transcriptions used in the Lushootseed Readers, enclosed in angle brackets, in order to assist students in following the recordings that accompany these books, it was decided here (not without hesitation) to simply set this material aside. As an example, compare the sentence in (24), taken from the third volume of the Lushootseed Readers, with the same sentence (25) as presented below: 24 gʷəl ləc’yitəb

ə ti ə

ə ti ə

st’q’šəb

st’q’ʷalšəds

kʷi s əšəls,

ƛ’usəsƛ’ac’aps ‘And this one stepped on her dangling tumpline [which] she had around her waist.’ (Hess 2006, 33, line 269, translation page 256) 25 gʷəl ləc’yitəb ə ti ə st’q’ʷalšəds s əšəls ƛ’usəsƛ’ac’aps gʷəl

ə

ləc’–yi–t–b

SCONJ

come.down.on–DAT–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

st’q’ʷalšəd–s

PROX

tumpline–3PO

s= as–šəl=s

ƛ’u=s= as–ƛ’ac’•ap=s

NM=STAT–dangling=3PO

HAB=NM=STAT–cinch•bottom=3PO

‘And her dangling tumpline which she had around her waist is stepped on.’ Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives, line 273]

The first elided element represents a false start, after which the storyteller (Mrs. Lamont) pauses a moment to collect her thoughts before repeating the

Introduction

15

same phrase again and pressing ahead. The second exclusion represents a mispronunciation, which Mrs. Lamont immediately corrects.6 Elements like this have been removed on the premise that the goal of this volume is to present “clean” grammatical structures as the speaker would have wanted to have spoken them. While this may present an idealized, even slightly unrealistic, picture of the spoken language, it is certainly consonant with the treatment accorded English and other languages with more established written forms, as well as representing those aspects of the language of greatest interest from a descriptive and analytic point of view. The excluded material can, of course, be heard in the audio recordings. There is, however, one type of material that is presented in angle brackets in the Readers that is preserved (although without brackets) in the present volume. These are cases such as that in (26), where the storyteller momentarily loses the thread of the story or hesitates while groping for a lexical item: 26 həbu tsi i

əgʷas ə ti ə bəda

həbu

tsi i

əgʷas

pigeon

DIST:FEM

wife

ə PR

tsi acəc

stab

s a hus

UNQ:FEM

what

sawbill

ə ti ə sbiaw i tsi acəc stab s a hus ti ə

bəda

ə

PROX

offspring PR

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

i CONJ

‘Pigeon is the wife of Coyote’s Son and (so) is, what is it?, Sawbill.’ Coyote’s Son Has Two Wives, line 4]

In the version of this sentence given by Hess (2006, 22), the second to last word stab ‘what’ (there, stəb) is enclosed in angle brackets; however, here it is included as part of the sentence because this is a consistent and linguistically relevant use of the word stab, of clear interest to students of the language.

__________ 6

The contrast between (24) and (25) also illustrates a difference in editorial emendation: in both versions, the form heard on tape [əšəls] has been corrected to [səšəls], the presence of the nominalizer s= being required for a verb ending in the third-person possessive =s. In addition, the sentence as given in Hess 2006 adds the remote determiner kʷi, probably for stylistic reasons. However, since modifying clauses of this type without determiners are well attested in the corpus, the added determiner is not strictly necessary for the grammaticality of the clause and is not included in the version of the sentence given in this volume.

16

Introduction

Presentation The analyzed texts are presented here in four-line interlinearized format: 27 tu ʷ əd ƛ’udxʷqʷibalusəb dbəda tu ʷ just

əd 1SG.SUB

transcription

ƛ’u=dxʷ–qʷib•alus–ab

d–bəda

parsing line

HAB=CTD–prepared•eye–DSD

1SG.PO–offspring

analysis line

‘I just want to fix my eye, my son.’

full gloss

The first line presents a transcription of what is considered to be a single line of text based on prosodic and structural criteria (see above). The orthography used is that developed by Thom Hess and currently employed by the Tulalip Tribes and the Tulalip language program, as well as in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994) and most other printed materials. The alphabet, based on Americanist versions of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), employs forty consonant symbols, given in Table 1, and four vowels (a, ə, i, u), three of which have long and short forms (aa, ii, uu). In addition to these symbols, the half-triangular colon, “ˑ”, is used to indicate emphatic or rhetorical lengthening of vowels, a technique used by the storytellers for dramatic effect. Punctuation symbols such as periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation points are not used in the transcription lines. The transcription practices here follow those of Hess, who chose to write words using a broadly morphophonemic transcription system that gives words in a standardized spelling reflective of careful pronunciation, recognizing only those allophonic and allomorphic alternations that are considered sufficiently regular and rate-of-speech independent. Contracted or prosodically reduced forms such as tii for tiʔiɬ ‘that’, cii for cədiɬ ‘s/he’, or stəb for stab ‘what’ are written consistently in their full, citation form. Careful listening will certainly reveal a range of phonological and prosodic effects that cause pronunciations to deviate from standardized forms, but representing these in the written texts runs the risk of sowing confusion and making the words they represent impossible to identify.

Introduction

17

Table 1 Lushootseed consonants

voiceless

Bilabial

Alveolar

p, p’

t, t’

Post-alveolar

stops voiced stops

b, (b’)

voiceless

d c [ts]

Velar

Uvular

k, k’

q, q’

kʷ, k’ʷ

qʷ, q’ʷ

Glottal

g, gʷ tʃ

affricates dᶻ [dz]

voiced

ǰ dʒ

affricates lateral

ƛ’ t ’

affricates voiceless

s

š ʃ

xʷ

fricatives

χ

h

ʷ χʷ

lateral fricative approximants

l, l’

y, [j]

w, w’

y’ j’ nasals

(m), (m’)

(n), (n’)

( ) = rare phoneme or phoneme restricted to stylized speech [ ] = corresponding IPA symbol

This volume also follows Hess in its treatment of the feminine forms of determiners and demonstratives such as tsi, tsiʔəʔ, or tsiʔiɬ. Phonemically, these are (in Lushootseed orthography) /ci/, /ci ə /, and /ci i /, respectively; however, contrast with the non-feminine forms (ti, tiʔəʔ, and tiʔiɬ), and between pairs such as kʷi ‘remote non-feminine’ and kʷsi ‘remote feminine’, reveals the presence of a morpheme -s- ‘feminine’. This is explicitly recognized in the orthography, which represents the initial /c/ phoneme of such

18

Introduction

forms as “ts.” On the other hand, this volume does not continue Hess’ use of the final orthographic “h” with simple CV verbal radicals like ʔah ‘be there’ and qah ‘many’. This became part of standardized Lushootseed spelling in order to maintain a consistent CVC root template, but it is felt that here it might be misleading to those interested in the phonological and phonotactic patterns of the language as represented in these texts. Following the transcription, a line containing a full parsing of the words in the first line into morphological units is presented, using the following conventions: – • = ‿

affix-boundary lexical suffix boundary clitic boundary two-part lexical item

For the purposes of the analysis below, an affix (marked by “–”) is considered a bound element with a grammatical meaning (derivational or inflectional) that is a morphological component of the lexeme or the inflected wordform. Grammatical affixes are treated as distinct from lexical suffixes (marked by “•”), which are bound elements with what are traditionally thought of as more lexical meanings (generally, the translation equivalents of English nouns). Lexical suffixes are a well-known feature of Salishan languages (CzaykowskaHiggins and Kinkade 1998), as well as of other language families of the Pacific Northwest (Kinkade et al. 1998). In Lushootseed, they are often only recognizable in words as fossilized elements, but even in non-compositional uses they are parsed here, whenever possible, for their etymological interest. In contrast to affixes, which are part of the morphological makeup of words, clitics (indicated by “=”) are elements that are phonologically bound to a word but do not necessary make up part of that word’s morphological structure. Lushootseed has, in fact, a very large number of clitics (some of which have been traditionally identified as affixes), but these can be distinguished from true affixes on syntactic grounds, based on (1) their ability to combine with words of a variety of lexical classes, and (2) the fact that their distribution is determined by syntactic rather than morphological criteria. The first of these properties can be seen in (28):

Introduction

19

28 ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ ʷul’əxʷ ɬubəš əb ɬup’aƛ’aƛ’ ɬusdukʷ ɬu al tudi ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

a kʷ

ʷul’=axʷ ɬu=bəš əb ɬu=p’aƛ’aƛ’ only=now

ɬu= al

tudi

IRR=at

DIST.DMA

IRR=mink

IRR=worthless

ɬu=s–dukʷu IRR=NP–abnormal

a kʷ seaward

‘You had better be just a mink, a no-account, riff-raff down there by the water.’ [Changer, line 122]

In this example, we see the clitic ɬu= ‘irrealis’ repeated on four consecutive elements belonging to three different parts of speech: two nouns (bəščəb ‘mink’ and sdukʷ ‘riff-raff’), a verb (p’aƛ’aƛ’ ‘be worthless’), and a preposition (ʔal ‘at’). The iteration of the modal clitics seen here is a not-uncommon feature in the narratives below. The second property, the syntactic regulation of clitics, follows in part from their independence from the morphological structure of the words that they attach to phonologically, and results in patterns such as that seen in (29): 29

əs ə id əw’ə tsi ə ad əgʷas də ʷu s ubak’ʷacut ti ə qədxʷs as– ə id STAT–what.happen

əw’ə

tsi ə

PTCL

PROX:FEM

u–bak’ʷa–t–sut PFV–move.quickly–ICS–REFL

ad– əgʷas

dəxʷ= ʷul’=s

2SG.PO–wife

ADNM=only=3PO

ti ə

qədxʷ–s

PROX

mouth–3PO

‘What is the matter with your wife that her mouth is just moving?’ Owl Lives There, line 23]

This sentence contains a clause, ʷul’ ʔubak’ʷacut tiʔəʔ qədxʷs ‘her mouth is just moving’, subordinated with the nominalizing proclitic dəxʷ=; rather than appearing on the verb (ʔubak’ʷacut ‘be moving quickly’), dəxʷ= appears on the preverbal adverb ʷul’ ‘only’, as does the third-person enclitic =s, which marks subject agreement for nominalized clauses. Lushootseed grammar requires that these two clitics appear on the first full lexical item of the clause, not on the verb whose nominalization or subordination they mark and whose subject they agree with. This shows clearly that the placement of these two elements is sensitive to syntactic, rather than morphological, restrictions. A further point to note here is that clitics of this type, which are consistently left- or right-leaning (and display templatic ordering properties with respect to each other; see Hess 1995 for discussion), are treated differently

20

Introduction

from clitics of another type, sentence-second clitics, which are, in phonological terms, either left- or right-leaning depending on prosodic context (Beck 1999). For example, the first-person subject clitic čəd in (30) is, in phonological terms, an enclitic on the preceding word, whereas in (31) it is a proclitic attached to the word that follows: 30 tuyəcəbtub= əd ə ti i tudyəl’yəlab tu=yəc–b–txʷ–b= əd PAST=report–MD–ECS–PASS=1SG.SUB

ə

ti i

tu=d–yəl’–yəlab

PR

DIST

PAST=1SG.PO–DSTR–elder

‘I was told by my forebears.’ Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 31

uˑ tu ʷ əd= u ibibəš u

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

əd= u– ib–ibəš 1SG.SUB=PFV–DIM.EFF–travel

‘Oh, I’m just pacing back and forth.’ Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 18]

Clitics of this type (which include the matrix-clause subject markers, the interrogative marker, and particles expressing speaker attitude) are written as independent lexical items in standard Lushootseed orthography, and this practice is maintained here for clarity’s sake. The fourth notation used in interlinear analysis is the undertie (‿), which is used to join the two-part lexical item əɬ ti ‘seemingly’ when it appears on the parsing line to make it clear that both words jointly correspond to a single gloss on the analysis line: 32

əɬ

tuqʷiq’ʷa də il

əɬ seemingly

tu=qʷiq’ʷa də il PAST=master.language

‘It seems they had learned their language.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 913]

Although the two elements taken together have a single meaning and they are pronounced as a single phonological word when adjacent, they cannot be treated as a single word, as clitics such as =axʷ ‘now’ can intervene: 33

əɬəxʷ

əst’ugʷud əlgʷə

əɬ=axʷ seemingly=now

as–t’ukʷu–t STAT–measure–ICS

əlgʷə PL

‘It seems they sort of deciphered it.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 466]

Introduction

21

əɬ occurs in one or two instances on its own with the gloss of the whole expression, suggesting that ti is an “empty” element; however, rather than leaving it unglossed (or glossing it redundantly as ‘seemingly’), the undertie has been adopted to mark explicitly the dependency between əɬ and ti. Affixes and clitics that are identified and segmented out in the parsing line are represented in their full or underlying form, rather than in the contextualized form that appears in the transcription line. Thus, for instance, the diminished control suffix -dxʷ in (34) and (35) has two different forms in the transcription lines but a single form in the two parsing lines: 34

iˑldxʷ dxʷ al al als ti ə wiw’su dxʷ– al

il–dxʷ arrive–DC

CNTRPT–at

al al–s house–3PO

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘She manages to get the children to her house.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 61 35 xʷu ələ haw’ə usaxʷəbdubut xʷu ələ

haw’ə

maybe

PTCL

u–saxʷəb–dxʷ–but PFV–jump–DC–REFL

‘I guess he must have managed to run away.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 67

In the first example, the suffix comes at the end of a phonological word and has its basic form, -dxʷ, whereas in (35) it undergoes a regular morphophonological alternation (-dxʷ → -du) when followed by the reflexive suffix, an alternation that is made explicit by maintaining the underlying representation of the suffix in the parsing line. Similar treatment is given to epenthetic segments such as that shown in (36): 36 huy gʷəl q’ʷəl əbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd huy

gʷəl

q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

s ə əd

SCONJ

SCONJ

cooked–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

food

‘Then their food is cooked.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 1

Example (36) illustrates vowel-epenthesis typical of the sequence of suffixes -t ‘internal causative’ + -b ‘passive’. The schwa here, is, strictly speaking, not part of either suffix, nor is it itself a suffix: its only function is to separate the two affixes, and as a meaningless phonological element it is not included in the morphological breakdown of the word. Similarly, the sentence in (37)

22

Introduction

shows the use of the epenthetic /h/ to avoid hiatus (a sequence of vowels, each in its own syllable): 37

ahəxʷ sə a ils s=lə= a –il=s

a=axʷ be.there=now

NM=PROG=dark–INCH=3PO

‘They are there when it is getting dark.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 14

This type of epenthesis can be found throughout the text, though to my knowledge it has not been commented on in the literature, underlining the primary reason for using “full” forms in the morphological analyses: our current understanding of Lushootseed morphophonemics is at best sketchy, and using this type of representation makes explicit the contrasts and alternations that will have to be accounted for in a complete Lushootseed morphophonology. A similar practice is followed with verbal radicals, which can be divided into different classes depending on the forms they take in various contexts. One common class of radical appears in simple CVC form in most contexts but appears in CVCV form in certain others, as shown in (38) and (39):7 38

əs al kʷi ushuys as– al

kʷi

STAT–how

REM

u=s=huyu=s IRR=NM=made=3PO

‘ “How will it be done?’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 863] 39 hay huyutəbəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsəs əba s hay

huyu–t–b=axʷ

dxʷ– al

kʷi

SCONJ

made–ICS–PASS=now

CNTRPT–at

REM

gʷə=s= as– əba =s SBJ=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO

‘So, it was fixed up so that it could be backpacked.’ Pheasant and Raven, line 83]

In the first sentence, the radical huy(u) ‘be made’ appears in its CVC form, while in the second it appears in CVCV form. Because the “extra” vowel in the longer form is unpredictable, the radical is always given in CVCV form in the parsing line (for another example of this, see the footnote on page 9).

__________ 7

Here, “C” means any consonant and “V” means any vowel.

Introduction

23

Another class of verbal radicals varies between CC and CəC forms, depending on the stem in which it appears. One common radical of this class is šq ‘be high’: 40 bəšəqəd bə=šq–t ADD=high–ICS

‘He raises them.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 338] 41 həd iw’əxʷ ti ə bu qʷ tul’šqalatxʷ həd iw’=axʷ

ti ə

bu qʷ

tul’–šq–alatxʷ

indoors=now

PROX

waterfowl

CNTRFG–high–house

‘The Duck People enter the house from the roof.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 790]

For this class of radical, the presence or absence of the schwa (ə) in the word is conditioned by the suffix that follows it – specifically, whether or not there is a stressable (non-schwa) vowel in the suffix: if there is none, the radical appears in CəC form (that is, has an epenthetic schwa); if the suffix has a vowel, the radical appears in CC form.8 This pattern can be understood only if the basic CC form of the radical is given in the parsing line. Because one of the aims of this collection is to represent the full grammatical and morphological structure of the language, the level of analysis presented in the parsing line leans a little more towards etymology than might be useful for native speakers – that is, words are broken down as far as possible into their analyzable constituent morphemes, rather than being broken down only insofar as they are semantically compositional. Thus, for example, dukʷil ‘be supernatural’ is analyzed as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -il ‘inchoative’, dukʷud ‘put a spell on someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -t ‘internal causative’, and dukʷtxʷ ‘get angry at someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -txʷ ‘external causative’. There are two reasons for this choice. The first is that, from a linguist’s perspective, this makes it easy to identify and track the various meanings and uses that the root and the accompanying affixes have in __________ 8

Note that this class of radical is not consistently recognized in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994), and several radicals in this class, like šq, are cited in their CəC forms. It should also be noted that the CəC form of some of these radicals appears when combined with a few (but not all) lexical suffixes where the prosodic rule would predict the CC form.

24

Introduction

these texts. The second is that, although the normal place for this kind of etymological analysis of words is in lexicographical materials, the existing dictionaries of Lushootseed (Hess 1976; Bates et al. 1994) are intended for pedagogical purposes and do not always contain explicit analyses of words. In some cases, where over-analysis is judged simply to be too confusing or to reflect completely non-productive derivational processes, morphologically complex words are left unanalyzed. This is particularly true for common nouns that are analyzable but non-compositional, such as q’il’bid ‘canoe’, which is etymologically composed of q’il(i) ‘be aboard vehicle’ and -bid ‘implement’. Likewise, words that are not completely analyzable are presented as undivided wholes, even where some of the constituent parts do appear to be identifiable. Thus, we have words such as aƛ’alap ‘steer with paddle’, which appears to contain the lexical suffix •alap ‘hip’ but whose root is not known. This is especially common practice for words containing what appear to be fossilized middle -b suffixes such as saxʷəb ‘jump’ and qʷšaab ‘be foggy’, and for the many nouns beginning with what appears to be (or to have been) the lexical nominalizing prefix s- but whose roots are no longer attested as independent verbal elements in the language. Following the morphological segmentation, an aligned morphological analysis of each component identified in the previous line is given using a standardized set of abbreviations and glosses for radicals and other lexical items. The abbreviations used are those being developed in the Lushootseed reference grammar currently underway (Beck, in progress), for which this set of interlinearized texts was initially produced. These abbreviations are given in a table at the beginning of this book (page xii), and the terminology behind them is defined informally in the glossary at the end of this volume (page 591) in terms that, it is hoped, will be helpful to the non-specialist. Lexical glosses are as far as possible drawn from a standardized set such that every instance of a particular radical or monomorphemic lexical item is the same for every attestation of that word. The motivations for this are the same as for erring on the side of etymological analysis. In cases where the use of a standardized gloss is felt to be too distorting (e.g., if it makes it too difficult to identify the source in the analysis line of a particular meaning in the full gloss), more context-appropriate glosses are used. The final line presents a full gloss or free English translation. Unlike previous presentations of Lushootseed texts in the Lushootseed Readers (Hess

Introduction

25

1995, 1998, 2006) or in Bierwert 1996, the English glosses here do not lean towards presenting the content of the utterance in the most idiomatic, registerequivalent manner: instead, the glosses used lean the other way, towards reflecting the actual syntactic structure of the Lushootseed, insofar as this is possible in an intelligible English sentence. This means that some of the glosses offered may occasionally sound stilted (as opposed to the glosses in the Readers, which maintain a colloquial “folksy” style more reflective of the flavour of the original narrative). It is hoped that having more isomorphic English glosses will make the grammatical structure of the line more obvious to English-speaking (or English-dominant) readers.9 An example of this is the treatment of the passive voice, whose discourse functions in Lushootseed are markedly different from those in English (Beck 2000). As a result, passive clauses in the Lushootseed Readers are generally glossed in the active voice in the interests of more natural-sounding English, whereas here passives are glossed in the English passive voice, except where the English translationequivalent verb does not have a comprehensible passive form. While no attempt was made to match the aspect of the Lushootseed sentences in the English translations, the translations do match in tense (departing from the practice in the Readers of narrating the stories consistently in the past tense, following standard English storytelling conventions). Since the Lushootseed stories are narrated in the present tense, I have (wherever possible) adopted the convention of glossing the habitual ƛ’u= as ‘always’ or ‘usually’, rather than as the past tense habitual ‘would’ used in the Readers. Finally, I have opted to use a fairly rigid translation of the sentential conjunctions hay ‘so’, huy ‘then’, and gʷəl ‘and’ that introduce so many of the lines in these narratives. While this does create some odd-sounding English glosses, the dissonance created by the practice is, as noted by Bierwert (1996, 27), an open invitation to further investigation of the role that these elements play in the structure of narrative discourse. Unlike the translations in the Readers and in Bierwert 1996, the translations here do not make any attempt to maintain the deictic distinctions encoded in the complex Lushootseed system of demonstratives and determiners. One reason for this is that the Lushootseed system reflects so many non-English categories that any attempt to paraphrase would create unwieldy noun phrases __________ 9

See Bierwert 1996, 24-39, for a discussion of a more literary approach to translating the same material.

26

Introduction

that receive far more “weight” in the English translation than they have in the Lushootseed original. Another reason is that deictic distinctions (particularly between tiʔəʔ ‘proximate’ and tiʔiɬ ‘distal’) are used for reference tracking and topic continuity in ways that they are not in English, and directly translating the Lushootseed determiners in the English text introduces spurious spatial distinctions or contrasts in definiteness that are not reflective of the original. Another departure from the practice in the Readers is that glosses no longer contain contextual information about the utterance (added by Hess to help students follow the storyline). As far as possible, only information that is contained in the utterance itself is included in glosses. Additional material in glosses included in parentheses represents either understood but elided arguments of sentence predicates, or – where absolutely necessary – the names of third persons expressed by zeros or ambiguous pronominal elements. In a very few cases, material in parentheses in the glosses consists of material needed to formulate grammatical English sentences, or to make translations understandable for an English-dominant reader: 42

a dəgʷi si ab dsya ya a be.there

dəgʷi

si ab

d–sya ya

you

noble

1SG.PO–friend

‘Here it is (for) you, my respected friend.’ Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 1 43 xʷi gʷəs as kʷi sƛ’alqəb gʷu ʷadᶻad kʷi wiw’su al kʷi dxʷlaq xʷi

gʷə=s= a=s

kʷi

sƛ’alqəb

gʷə= u– ʷadᶻa–t

NEG

SBJ=NM=be.there=3PO

REM

monster

SBJ=PFV–annihilate–ICS

kʷi

wiw’su

REM

children

al at

kʷi

dxʷlaq

REM

childless

‘There are no more monsters who could annihilate the children (and leave them) childless.’ Martha Lamont’s Basket Ogress, line 228]

In the first example, the relation between the verb ʔa ‘be there’ and the pronoun dəgʷi ‘you’ is somewhat jarring for the English reader who, without the “for” added to the gloss might be inclined to interpret the sentence as ‘you are here’. Similarly, the literal translation of the sentence in (4 ) would be something like ‘there are no more monsters who could annihilate the children to childlessness’, the relation between dxʷlaq ‘childless’ and the rest of the sentence being obvious for the Lushootseed speaker but needing clarification

Introduction

27

for the English reader. The motivations for taking the approach outlined above are the same as those for opting for isomorphic structural glosses. As with the transcriptions, the glosses used in this volume do not always correspond exactly to the glosses found in previous published versions of the texts. In a very few cases, these differences result from the reinterpretation, based on grammatical reanalysis, of sentences or phrases. Because these texts were originally transcribed with the help of an Elder native-speaker, this practice was avoided whenever possible; however, there are places where it seems clear that the Elder’s translation was either intended to be more explanatory than literal, or that the difficulty of translating the Lushootseed sentence into a fluent-sounding English sentence leads to some reformulation of content. Acknowledgments It goes without saying that a volume of this type could not have been put together without the efforts of many other people. First and foremost are those who were involved in the creation and recording of the texts themselves – Mr. and Mrs. Lamont, Elizabeth Krise, Edward Sam, and Agnes James, as well as Leon Metcalf, who made so many of the recordings. Credit and appreciation for the transcription of the Metcalf tapes are due to Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, without whose valiant efforts as a native-speaker transcriber and translator this invaluable material might have remained forever inaccessible. I’d also like to acknowledge the collaboration of Michele Bagalot, Toby Langen, and the Tulalip Tribes in providing the biographical materials on the storytellers and the foreword to this volume – and, of course, ultimately for giving permission to reprint these stories, which form such an essential part of their cultural patrimony. Darcy Cullen and her colleagues at UBC Press also deserve thanks for their patience and adaptability as we moved along the road to final publication. My late co-author, Thom Hess, deserves, of course, the lion’s share of the credit for the material and presentation in this volume. In addition to recording and working with Elders on the transcriptions and translations of the stories, Thom devoted much of his academic career to developing the field of Lushootseed language studies for both the academic and the speaker communities. The writing system currently in use for the language owes everything to Thom, as does much of our current knowledge of Lushootseed

28

Introduction

grammar and lexicon. My own interest and what modicum of understanding I have of how the language works flow directly from Thom, and, although his failing health prevented him from participating as energetically as he would have wanted in the final stages of this collaborative project, I’d like to think that he would be pleased with the final results.

David Beck

1 ə

Martha Williams Lamont

c. 1880–1973

Martha in 1956, photographed by Leon Metcalf, with whom she recorded the first half of a unique legacy. Photo courtesy of Tulalip Lushootseed Department.

Although for us today Martha is known as a person who devoted herself to preserving treasures from the past, during her life she welcomed and supported important changes.1 During the 1930s, tribal leader William Shelton and his family conducted an outreach program designed to make the people of Tulalip better known to the non-reservation world. Many tribal people at Tulalip disapproved of this innovative work, but we have photographs that show Martha standing with the Sheltons, beating the drum and singing to support their efforts. She endorsed these occasions further by wearing her special white dress decorated with shells. (We see a later version of the dress in the photograph above.) __________ 1

This introduction combines the memories of Hank and Geraldine Williams, the late Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, the late Thom Hess, the late Marya Moses, and Wayne Williams.

30

Chapter 1

Martha was an active member of the 1910 Shaker Church. Her grandson Hank Williams tells us: “She always knew when somebody needed prayer. She would be sitting there talking and pretty soon, ‘Somebody needs a prayer; I have to pray for somebody.’ So she would get that message, just out of nowhere she would say that. She was a very strong religious woman.” Martha was appointed assistant minister of the Tulalip church and continued to serve until she became bedridden in the last decade of her life. Perhaps because she never learned to read or write, Martha was an enthusiastic participant in projects to tape-record traditional teachings. She spent extended periods ten years apart working with different collectors, to whom she told some of the same stories. Thus, her legacy gives us a rare chance to investigate change and stability in the syəhub tradition. Martha’s tellings of “Crow and Her Seagull Slaves” ten years apart are very different. Both are funny, but in the later telling Martha uses humour to convey her feelings about the loss of tribal lands and the consequent devaluing of Native identity. To hear this second telling is to realize that these issues are latent in the first telling and would have been perceived by her Tulalip audience even without the enhancement they received later. For several decades the “Totem Entrance” stood across a road leading to the tribal centre. The Entrance was composed of two figured posts, one on either side of the road; atop the posts and spanning the road is a canoe that carries a girl and two slaves. The Totem Entrance represents yet another telling of the “Crow and Her Seagull Slaves” tradition, though without Crow or seagulls. When we take account of the fact that both of Martha’s tellings are parodic realizations of the version on the Totem Entrance, we see that all three variants are anchored in a tradition that as yet bears only the names of its separate tellings. In her enthusiasm for the new recording technology, Martha has enabled us to travel more deeply into our heritage than we could have imagined.

Martha Williams Lamont

Martha, at far right in the second row, amid dancers at the 1915 Treaty Days celebration. Hagan Sam’s grandfather is at the far left in the first row. Photo by Jay Juleen, courtesy Everett Public Library.

31

32

Pheasant and Raven

Pheasant and Raven as told by Martha Lamont1 1

əs a lil ti i

əs a lil ti i

i sgʷəlub i ti ə qaw’qs

as– a lil

ti i

as– a lil

ti i

STAT–live

DIST

STAT–live

DIST

i

sgʷəlub pheasant

CONJ

i CONJ

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘They dwell there, both Pheasant and Raven dwell there.’ 2

əs a lil as– a lil STAT–live

‘They dwell there.’ 3

əsq’ʷu a ad ti ə sgʷəlub i ti ə qaw’qs as–q’ʷu •a ad STAT–gathered•side

ti ə

sgʷəlub

PROX

pheasant

i CONJ

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Pheasant and Raven are neighbours.’ 4

qaqahi

ti ə sgʷəlub

qa–qa•i

ti ə

sgʷəlub

DSTR–many•child

PROX

pheasant

‘Pheasant has many children.’ 5

əbsbibədbəda

ə ti ə qaha ti ə sgʷəlub

as–bəs–bi–bəd–bəda

ə

STAT–PROP–ATTN–DSTR–offspring

PR

ti ə

qah–a

ti ə

sgʷəlub

PROX

INTNS–many

PROX

pheasant

‘Pheasant many little children.’ 6

gʷəl xʷi kʷi gʷədsəsaydxʷ stab tsi ə gʷəl

xʷi

SCONJ

kʷi

NEG

əgʷas wife

REM

ə PR

əgʷas ə ti ə sgʷəlub

gʷə=d=s= as–hay–dxʷ

stab

tsi ə

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC

what

PROX:FEM

ti ə

sgʷəlub

PROX

pheasant

‘But I do not know who the wife of Pheasant was.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 12 August 1964, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998).

Martha Williams Lamont

7

a tsi i

33

əgʷas

a

tsi i

be.there

əgʷas–s

DIST:FEM

wife–3PO

‘He does have a wife.’ 8

gʷəl ti ə qaw’qs gʷəl ƛ’al’ əbsbibədbəda gʷəl

ti ə

qaw’qs

gʷəl

ƛ’al’

SCONJ

PROX

raven

SCONJ

also

ti ə

bə=qa

PROX

ADD=many

ə ti ə bəqa as–bəs–bi–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–ATTN–DSTR–offspring

‘And as for Raven, he also has many little children.’ 9

gʷəl qʷəlqʷəlwi tsi ə

əgʷas

gʷəl

qʷəlqʷəlwi

tsi ə

SCONJ

Qwelqelwich

PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘And his wife is Qwelqelwich.’ 10

əs a lil as– a lil STAT–live

‘They dwell there.’ 11 huy ibəšəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub huy SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

ti ə

sgʷəlub

PROX

pheasant

‘Then Pheasant travels.’ 12 cuucəxʷ tsi ə

əgʷas

cut–c=axʷ

tsi ə

say–ALTV=now

PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘He says to his wife,’ 13

u ubə əd

əda u ibəš

u= ubə

əd

IRR=go.inland

əda

1SG.SUB

1SG.COORD

u= ibəš IRR=travel

‘ “I will go inland and I will travel.’ 14 p’aƛ’aƛ’ əd tu ʷ u ibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless

əd 1SG.SUB

tu ʷ

u= ibəš

just

IRR=travel

‘ “I’m going on a journey of no consequence.’

ə PR

34

15

Pheasant and Raven

u ibəš əd

əda u u ʷ dxʷt’aq’t

u= ibəš

əd

IRR=travel

əda

1SG.SUB

u= u ʷ

1SG.COORD

IRR=go

dxʷ–t’aq’t CNTRPT–inland

‘ “I’m going travelling and I will go up into the high country.” ’ 16 huy ibəšəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub huy

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

SCONJ

ti ə

sgʷəlub

PROX

pheasant

‘Then Pheasant travels.’ 17

iˑ ibəšəxʷ dxʷ ad dxʷ– ad

i

ibəš=axʷ

INTJ

travel=now

CNTRPT–where

‘Indeed, he travels everywhere.’ 18 p’aƛ’aƛ’ u ibibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’

u– ib–ibəš PFV–DIM.EFF–travel

worthless

‘He just wanders about,’ 19

ə ti ƛ’astagʷəxʷ əlgʷə ə ‿ti seemingly

ƛ’u= as–tagʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

HAB=STAT–hungry=now

PL

‘It seems they are always hungry.’ 20 diˑ əxʷ kʷi s adᶻqdxʷs ti ə di =axʷ

kʷi

s= adᶻq–dxʷ=s

ti ə

suddenly=now

REM

NM=meet–DC=3PO

PROX

‘His meeting with them is sudden.’ 21

əsgʷaadil ti acəc aci talbixʷ as–gʷaad–il

ti acəc

STAT–down:PL–INCH

UNQ

aci talbixʷ people

‘These very people are sitting there.’ 22 səsa li ti ə

aci talbixʷ

səsa li

ti ə

two:HMN

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘The people are two.’

Martha Williams Lamont

35

23 huy dxʷləgʷləgʷəb huy

dxʷləgʷ–ləgʷəb

SCONJ

DSTR–youth

‘Then they are youths.’ 24 gʷəl əbsqʷəbqʷəbay əlgʷə gʷəl

ə tə bəsali

as–bəs–sqʷəb–qʷəbay STAT–PROP–DSTR–dog

SCONJ

əlgʷə

ə PR

PL

tə

bə=sali

NSPEC

ADD=two

‘And they have two dogs too.’ 25 tiləbəxʷ udxʷs ʷuƛ’utəbəb ti ə sgʷəlub tiləb=axʷ

u–dxʷs– ʷuƛ’u–t–b-ab

immediately=now

PFV–CTD–chewed–ICS–PASS–DSD

ti ə

sgʷəlub

PROX

pheasant

‘Right away (the dogs) want to chew up Pheasant,’ 26 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go

‘He is going along,’ 27

ʷul’ lə i bəš ʷul’ lə= i bəš only

PROG=travel

‘He is just travelling.’ 28 dxʷs ʷuƛ’utəbəbəxʷ ə ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay dxʷs– ʷuƛ’u–t–b–ab=axʷ CTD–chewed–ICS–PASS–DSD=now

ə PR

ti ə

sqʷəb–qʷəbay

PROX

DSTR–dog

‘The dogs want to chew him up.’ 29 gʷəl huy dxʷs ʷuƛ’utəbəbəxʷ gʷəl

huy

dxʷs– ʷuƛ’u–t–b–ab=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

CTD–chewed–ICS–PASS–DSD=now

‘And then he is chewed on.’ 30 gʷəl ləcutəbəxʷ gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And he is spoken to,’

36

Pheasant and Raven

31 gʷiid ti adsqʷəbay sgʷəlub gʷihi–t

ti

ad–sqʷəbay

sgʷəlub

invite–ICS

SPEC

2SG.PO–dog

pheasant

‘ “Call your dogs, Pheasant!’ 32 gʷiid gʷihi–t invite–ICS ‘ “Call them!” ’ 33 xʷi xʷi si i ab kʷi gʷədsgʷiid xʷi

xʷi

si –i ab

kʷi

gʷə=d=s=gʷihi–t

NEG

NEG

PL–noble

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS

‘ “No, Sirs, I won’t call them.’ 34 xʷi lədsgʷa dsqʷəbay xʷi

lə=d=s=gʷa

d–sqʷəbay

NEG

NEGP=1SG.PO=NM=one’s.own

1SG.PO–dog

‘ “They are not my dogs.’ 35 xʷu ələ sgʷa ləp xʷu ələ

s=gʷa =lap

maybe

NM=one’s.own=2PL.PO

‘ “Perhaps they are yours.’ 36 xʷi kʷi gʷədsqʷəbay xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=d–sqʷəbay

NEG

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO–dog

‘ “I don’t have a dog.’ 37 s ušəbabdxʷ əd s ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m poor.” ’ 38 huy gʷiitəbəxʷ ə ti ə

əbsqʷibəbay

huy

gʷihi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

invite–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘Then they are called by the dog-owners.’

as–bəs–sqʷib–əbay STAT–PROP–PL–dog

Martha Williams Lamont

37

39 gʷəl gʷaadil ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay gʷəl

gʷaad–il

ti ə

sqʷəb–qʷəbay

SCONJ

down:PL–INCH

PROX

DSTR–dog

‘And the dogs sit down.’ 40 taadᶻil taadᶻil lie.down:PL ‘They lie down.’ 41

u ʷəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

sgʷəlub

PROX

pheasant

‘Pheasant goes.’ 42 gʷəl ləq’ʷu tsut ə ti ə caadi gʷəl

lə=q’ʷu –t–sut

ə

SCONJ

PROG=gathered–ICS–REFL

PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘And he joins them.’ 43 huy cutəbəxʷ huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then he is spoken to,’ 44 tul’ ad kʷi adsu ibəš sgʷəlub tul’– ad

kʷi

ad=s= u– ibəš

sgʷəlub

CNTRFG–where

REM

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel

pheasant

‘ “Where are you travelling from, Pheasant?” ’ 45

uˑ tu ʷ əd ƛ’u ibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’ u

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

əd 1SG.SUB

ƛ’u= ibəš

p’aƛ’aƛ’

HAB=travel

worthless

‘ “Oh, I’m only wandering around.’ 46 dxʷt’aq’t ti ə dsu ibəš dxʷ–t’aq’t

ti ə

d=s= u– ibəš

CNTRPT–inland

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel

‘ “Into the high country is where I am travelling.’

38

Pheasant and Raven

47 tu ʷ tul’ al tə a tucəxʷ a cəxʷəs a lil tu ʷ

tul’– al

tə

just

CNTRFG–at

NSPEC

a

tu=d=dəxʷ= a

be.there

PAST=1SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

d=dəxʷ= as– a lil 1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–live ‘ “But from there is where I am from, where I live.’ 48 p’aƛ’aƛ’ əd tu ʷ ƛ’u ibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’

əd

worthless

1SG.SUB

tu ʷ

ƛ’u= ibəš

just

HAB=travel

‘ “I’m only wandering around.’ 49 cick’ʷəxʷ ƛ’astagʷəxʷi əxʷ əd ə ti i dbibədbəda cick’ʷ=axʷ

ƛ’u= as–tagʷəxʷ•i =axʷ

very=now

HAB=STAT–hungry•child=now

əd 1SG.SUB

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

d–bi–bəd–bəda 1SG.PO–ATTN–DSTR–offspring ‘ “My children are always very hungry.” ’ 50

uˑ u INTJ

‘ “Oh.” ’ 51 gʷəl huy cutəbəxʷ gʷəl

huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And then he is spoken to,’ 52 gʷəl adsgʷa gʷəl

u ti i adi bid əsbə sqigʷac

ad–sgʷa

SCONJ

2SG.PO–ones.own

u

ti i

ad–di –bid

INT

DIST

2SG.PO–other.side–RLNL

as–bə STAT–fall

sqigʷac deer ‘ “And is that fallen (i.e., killed) deer on the other side of you yours?’ 53

əs əq kʷagʷi əd as– əq STAT–wrapped

kʷagʷi əd elk

‘ “A wrapped up elk.’

Martha Williams Lamont

54

39

əsbə as–bə STAT–fall

‘ “It is lying there.’ 55 kʷagʷi əd ti i adi bid əs qali kʷagʷi əd

ti i

ad–di –bid

elk

DIST

2SG.PO–other.side–RLNL

as– q•ali STAT–wrapped•bundle

‘ “That which is on the other side of you bound into a pack is an elk.’ 56

əsuy as–huyu STAT–made

‘ “It is ready.’ 57

əsuy as–huyu STAT–made

‘ “It is ready.’ 58

əspa ti i cədi kʷagʷi əd as–pa STAT–laid.out

ti i

cədi

kʷagʷi əd

DIST

s/he

elk

‘ “That elk is laid out.” ’ 59 gʷəl cut gʷəl

cut

SCONJ

say

‘And (Pheasant) says.’ 60 xʷiˑ si i ab kʷi gʷədsgʷa xʷi

si –i ab

kʷi

gʷə=d=s=gʷa

NEG

PL–noble

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=ones.own

‘ “Sirs, it is not mine.’ 61 xʷi kʷi gʷədsxʷi xʷi xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=d–sxʷi xʷi

NEG

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO–game

‘ “I have no game.’

40

Pheasant and Raven

62 s ušəbabdxʷ əd s ušəbabdxʷ

əd

poor.guy

1SG.SUB

‘ “I am poor.’ 63 xʷu ələ sgʷa ləp ti i s ə əd tata ulbixʷ xʷu ələ

s=gʷa =lap

ti i

s ə əd tata ulbixʷ

maybe

NM=one’s.own=2PL.PO

DIST

food

big.game.animal

‘ “Maybe that food, that big game animal is yours.” ’ 64 huˑy huy SCONJ

‘ “Done!” ’ 65 taa ha

al ə

taa

ha

really

good

ə ti ə caadi al

ə

at

mind

ə PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘They are favourably impressed.’ 66 huy cutəbəxʷ huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then he is spoken to,’ 67

ugʷədil əxʷ sgʷəlub al ti i u=gʷəd–il

əxʷ

IRR=down–INCH

2SG.SUB

sgʷəlub pheasant

al ti i at

DIST

‘ “You will sit there, Pheasant.’ 68

uk’ʷi ’id ə ti i kʷagʷi əd xʷa ut’uk’ʷtxʷ u=k’ʷi ’i–t

ə

IRR=butchered–ICS

1PL.SUB

ti i

kʷagʷi əd

DIST

elk

xʷa 2SG.COORD

u=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ IRR=go.home–ECS

‘ “We will butcher that elk and you will take it home.’ 69

uhuyud ə

a ləs qali txʷ xʷa ut’uk’ʷtxʷ

u=huyu–t IRR=made–ICS

xʷa 2SG.COORD

ə 1PL.SUB

a 1PL.COORD

ləs– q•ali –txʷ PROG.STAT–wrapped•bundle–ECS

u=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ IRR=go.home–ECS

‘ “We will fix it up and wrap it up and you will take it home.’

Martha Williams Lamont

70

41

ild ə ti dəgʷi ti i dəxʷuwiliq’ʷid ə il–t

ə

give.food–ICS

1PL.SUB

ti

dəgʷi

ti i

dəxʷ= u–wiliq’ʷi–t

SPEC

you

DIST

ADNM=PFV–ask–ICS

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “We are giving it to you, which is the reason for our questioning.” ’ 71

uˑ si i ab tu ʷ ələp uhəli dxʷəxʷ kʷ(i) dbədbəda u INTJ

si –i ab

tu ʷ

PL–noble

just

ələp

u=həli –dxʷ=axʷ

2PL.SUB

IRR=alive–DC=now

kʷi REM

d–bəd–bəda 1SG.PO–DSTR–offspring ‘ “Oh, Sirs, you save my children!’ 72 ƛ’astagʷəxʷ ti i dbibədbəda ƛ’u= as–tagʷ=axʷ

ti i

d–bi–bəd–bəda

HAB=STAT–hungry=now

DIST

1SG.PO–ATTN–DSTR–offspring

‘ “My little children always go hungry.’ 73 cick’ʷəxʷ s ušəbabdxʷ əlgʷə

i tsi i d əgʷas

cick’ʷ=axʷ

s ušəbabdxʷ

əlgʷə

very=now

poor.guy

PL

i CONJ

tsi i

d– əgʷas

DIST:FEM

1SG.PO–wife

‘ “They and my wife are very poor.’ 74 həwu

ə

əs a lil

həwu

ə

have.nothing

1PL.SUB

as– a lil STAT–live

‘ “We live in poverty.” ’ 75 huy qʷibyitəbəxʷ huy

qʷibi–yi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

prepared–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then they get it ready for him.’ 76 gʷəl qiǰyitəbəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub ə ti i gʷəl SCONJ

q•i –yi–t–b=axʷ wrapped•covering–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

ti ə

sgʷəlub

ə

ti i

PROX

pheasant

PR

DIST

‘And it is bound into a pack for Pheasant.’ 77 gʷəl huyiləxʷ mima ən’ ti ə cədi səs əba tubs gʷəl

huyu–il=axʷ

mi–ma ən’

ti ə

cədi

SCONJ

made–INCH=now

ATTN–small

PROX

s/he

42

Pheasant and Raven

s= as– əba –txʷ–b=s NM=STAT–backpack–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘And this which is packed up on his back became small.’ 78

əsuy as–huyu STAT–made

‘It is ready.’ 79

əs qali tub ə ti ə as– q•ali –txʷ–b

ə

STAT–wrapped•bundle–ECS–PASS

PR

ti ə PROX

‘It packaged with this:’ 80 stabtub ti ə stidgʷəd as–taba–txʷ–b STAT–do–ECS–PASS

ti ə

stidgʷəd

PROX

cedar.withes

‘Cedar withes are made.’ 81 gʷəl di

u ədᶻq’ʷtəb

gʷəl

di

s= u– ədᶻq’ʷ–t–b=s

SCONJ

FOC

NM=PFV–rub–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘And these are rubbed together to make them stringy.’ 82 gʷəl di dəxʷšə t’əbi ədtubs gʷəl

di

dəxʷ=šə –t’əbi əd–txʷ–b=s

SCONJ

FOC

ADNM=make–rope–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘And these are used to make rope.’ 83 hay huyutəbəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsəs əba s hay

huyu–t–b=axʷ

dxʷ– al

kʷi

gʷə=s= as– əba =s

SCONJ

made–ICS–PASS=now

CNTRPT–at

REM SBJ=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO

‘So it was fixed up so that it could be backpacked.’ 84 ti ə cədi kʷagʷi əd ti ə s iltəbs ti ə

cədi

kʷagʷi əd ti ə

s= il–t–b=s

PROX

s/he

elk

NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

PROX

‘What has been given to him is an elk.’

Martha Williams Lamont

43

85 kʷagʷi əd kʷi sucutəbs kʷagʷi əd

kʷi

s= u–cut–t–b=s

elk

REM

NM=PFV–say–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘What they tell him is that it is an elk.’ 86 hikʷ hikʷ big ‘It is big.’ 87 həla b s ə əd ti ə s iltəbs həla b

s ə əd

ti ə

s= il–t–b=s

really

food

PROX

NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘It is real food that has been given to him.’ 88 huy cutəbəxʷ huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then he is spoken to,’ 89 p’a acutəxʷ əxʷ sgʷəlub p’a a–t–ut=axʷ try–ICS–REFL=now

əxʷ

sgʷəlub

2SG.SUB

pheasant

‘ “You try it, Pheasant.’ 90

u əba ədəxʷ əxʷ u= əba –t=axʷ

əxʷ

IRR=backpack–ICS=now

2SG.SUB

‘ “You will backpack it now.’ 91

asxʷəxʷa xʷa əd ə ti i u= as–xʷəxʷa xʷa –t

ə

IRR=STAT–lightweight–ICS

1PL.SUB

‘ “We will make it lightweight.’ 92

uxʷəxʷa xʷa əd ə u=xʷəxʷa xʷa –t IRR=lightweight–ICS

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “We will make it lightweight.’

ti i DIST

44

Pheasant and Raven

93 gʷəl xʷi

ulə əb dxʷ al dəgʷi

gʷəl

xʷi

SCONJ

NEG

u=lə= əb IRR=NEGP=heavy

dxʷ– al

dəgʷi

CNTRPT–at

you

‘ “And it will not be heavy for you.” ’ 94 huˑy ələp ukʷaxʷdubšəxʷ huy SCONJ

ələp

u=kʷaxʷ–dxʷ–bš=axʷ

2PL.SUB

IRR=help–DC–1SG.OBJ=now

‘ “You guys will help me now!” ’ 95

u ʷəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ sgʷəlub u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

sgʷəlub

PROX

poor.guy

pheasant

‘Humble Pheasant goes now.’ 96 gʷəl ləgʷədil gʷəl

lə=gʷəd–il

SCONJ

PROG=down–INCH

‘And he sits down.’ 97 gʷəl huy əba tubəxʷ gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

əba –txʷ–b=axʷ backpack–ECS–PASS=now

‘And then it was put on his back.’ 98 gʷəl huy u ʷ gʷəl

huy

u ʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

go

‘And then he goes.’ 99 kiisəxʷ əxʷ sgʷəlub xʷa u ibəšəxʷ kiis=axʷ stand=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

sgʷəlub pheasant

xʷa 2SG.COORD

u= ibəš=axʷ IRR=travel=now

‘ “You stand up now, Pheasant, and you will travel.” ’ 100 kiistub kiis–txʷ–b stand–ECS–PASS ‘He is stood up.’

Martha Williams Lamont

45

101 gʷəl u ʷ ibəš ti sgʷəlub gʷəl

u ʷ

ibəš

go

SCONJ

travel

ti

sgʷəlub

SPEC

pheasant

‘And he goes, Pheasant travels.’ 102 ƛ’ub əxʷ ə ti ads u ʷ sgʷəlub ƛ’ub

əxʷ

well

ə

2SG.SUB

PR

ti

ad=s= u ʷ

sgʷəlub

SPEC

2SG.PO=NM=go

pheasant

‘ “You are ready to go, Pheasant.’ 103

əbil’ əxʷ uqa kʷ əbil’

əxʷ

u–qa kʷ

perhaps 2SG.SUB

PFV–rest

‘ “If you rest,’ 104 xʷi kʷi adsdᶻalqʷusbid ti i adsəs əba xʷi kʷi ad=s=dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t NEG

REM

ti i

2SG.PO=NM=turn.around•head–MAP–ICS

DIST

ad=s= as– əba 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack ‘ “Do not look over your shoulder at what you have on your back!’ 105

ʷul’ əxʷ u u ʷ uk’ʷit’ ʷul’ only

u– u ʷ

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

PFV–go

u–k’ʷit’ PFV–shoreward

‘ “You just go, go down to the water.’ 106

uqa kʷ əxʷ xʷi kʷi adsdᶻalqʷusbid u=qa kʷ IRR=rest

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

xʷi

kʷi

ad=s=dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t

NEG

REM

2SG.PO=NM=turn.around•head–MAP–ICS

‘ “You will rest (but) don’t look over your shoulder!’ 107

ʷul’ əxʷ lə u ʷ ʷul’ only

əxʷ

lə= u ʷ

2SG.SUB

PROG=go

‘ “Just go.’ 108 dxʷ al ti ads il dxʷ al kʷi ad al al dxʷ– al

ti

ad=s= il

dxʷ– al

kʷi

ad– al al

CNTRPT–at

SPEC

2SG.PO=NM=arrive

CNTRPT–at

REM

2SG.PO–house

‘ “So that you arrive at your house.’

46

Pheasant and Raven

109 hay xʷa ušuuc xʷa ugʷə aliǰəd hay

xʷa

u=šu –c

2SG.COORD

SCONJ

xʷa

IRR=see–ALTV

u=gʷə •ali –t

2SG.COORD

IRR=untied•bundle–ICS

‘ “So you will look at it and you will unpack it.’ 110

ads ə əd us ə ədəlap u=ad–s ə əd

u=s ə əd–alap

IRR=2SG.PO–food

IRR=food–2PL.PO

‘ “It will be your food, you guys’ food.’ 111 qaˑ qa many ‘ “There is a lot.’ 112 hikʷ kʷagʷi əd ti i səs ild ə ti dəgʷi hikʷ kʷagʷi əd ti i

s= as– il–t

big

NM=STAT–give.food–ICS

elk

DIST

ə 1PL.PO

ti

dəgʷi

SPEC

you

‘ “A big elk is what we have given to you.” ’ 113 huy t’igʷitəbəxʷ ə ti ə sgʷəlub ti ə s ub ubədi huy

t’igʷi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

thank–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

sgʷəlub

ti ə

s ub– ubədi

PROX

pheasant

PROX

DSTR–hunter

‘Then the hunters are thanked by Pheasant.’ 114 huy ibəšəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ u iltəb huy SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

ti ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

PROX

poor.guy

u– il–t–b PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS

‘Then this humble fellow to whom food has been given travels.’ 115

ad kʷi s ibəš s ad where

kʷi

s= ibəš=s

REM

NM=travel=3PO

‘He travels somewhere.’ 116 gʷəl ləqa kʷ al ti i ƛ’ub dəxʷqa kʷ s gʷəl

lə=qa kʷ

SCONJ

PROG=rest

al ti i at

DIST

ƛ’ub

dəxʷ=qa kʷ=s

well

ADNM=rest=3PO

‘And he rests when it is good for him to rest.’

Martha Williams Lamont

47

117 lət’at’əgʷtaptxʷ ti ə s əba s lə=t’a–t’əgʷt•ap–txʷ

ti ə

s= əba =s

PROG=ATTN–on.top•bottom–ECS

PROX

NM=backpack=3PO

‘He puts the bottom of his pack on top of something.’ 118 tucutəb əd uxʷi əd lədᶻalqʷus əd

tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS

1SG.SUB

lə=dᶻalqʷ•us

u=xʷi =ad IRR=NEG=1SG.SBRD

‘ “I have been told not to look over my shoulder.’ 119 ƛ’ub əd əs istab ə ti ə ƛ’ub well

əd

as– ista –b

1SG.SUB

STAT–be.like–MD

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘ “I had better be like this.” ’ 120 bəkiis gʷəl bə u ʷ bə=kiis

gʷəl

bə= u ʷ

ADD=stand

SCONJ

ADD=go

‘He stands up again and walks some more.’ 121 bəqa kʷ bə=qa kʷ ADD=rest

‘He rests again.’ 122 gʷəl bas ista gʷəl

bə= as– ista

SCONJ

ADD=STAT–be.like

‘And again it is the same.’ 123 xʷi kʷi gʷədsdᶻalqʷusbid xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=d=s=dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t

NEG

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=turn•head–MAP–ICS

‘ “I am not to look over my shoulder at it.’ 124 huy əd tucutəb huy SCONJ

əd 1SG.SUB

tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS

‘ “Then I have been told.” ’

NEGP=turn•head

48

Pheasant and Raven

125 huˑy bə u ʷ dxʷ al ti i s a kʷdxʷs huy

bə= u ʷ dxʷ– al

ti i

s= a kʷ–dxʷ=s

SCONJ

ADD=go

DIST

NM=seaward–DC=3PO

CNTRPT–at

‘Then he goes to take it down to the shore.’ 126 gʷəl ləbə ad ti ə cədi sxʷi xʷi s səs iltəbs gʷəl SCONJ

lə=bə a–t

ti ə

cədi

sxʷi xʷi –s

PROG=fall–ICS

PROX

s/he

game–3PO

s= as– il–t–b=s NM=STAT–give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘And he sets down the game that he has been given.’ 127 huy gʷəl cuucəxʷ tsi ə

əgʷas

huy

gʷəl

cut–c=axʷ

tsi ə

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘And then he tells his wife,’ 128

ugʷə aliǰəd ə ti ə dsəli dub ə ti s ub ubədi u=gʷə •al•iǰ–t

ə

IRR=untied•CNN•bundle–ICS

ə PR

ti

s ub– ubədi

SPEC

DSTR–hunter

1PL.SUB

ti ə

d=s=həli –dxʷ–b

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=alive–DC–PASS

‘ “We will unpack this with which I was aided by some hunters.’ 129

u əy’ əy’dxʷ əd tə s ubədi əlgʷə di t’aq’t əda u iltəb u– əy’– əy’–dxʷ

əd

PFV–DSTR–find–DC

1SG.SUB

əda

tə

s ubədi

əlgʷə

di

t’aq’t

NSPEC

hunter

PL

other.side

inland

u– il–t–b

1SG.COORD

PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS

‘ “I met some hunters up in the mountains and they gave it to me.’ 130 hiˑkʷ ə hikʷ big

uhəli dub

ə 1PL.SUB

u–həli –dxʷ–b PFV–alive–DC–PASS

‘ “Greatly have we been aided.” ’ 131

gʷə aliǰədəxʷ əlgʷə gʷə •ali –t=axʷ

əlgʷə

untied•bundle–ICS=now

PL

‘They unwrap it.’

Martha Williams Lamont

49

132 gʷəl (h)uy qʷibidəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

qʷibi–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

prepared–ICS=now

PL

‘And then they prepare it.’ 133 gʷəl (h)uy qʷatadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

qʷata–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

laid.out–ICS=now

PL

‘And then they lay it out.’ 134 cə ul’ əsqʷib cə ul’

as–qʷib

previously

STAT–prepared

‘It has been prepared in advance.’ 135

əs i i ’tub ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ

as– i– i ’i–txʷ–b

ə

STAT–ATTN–cut.up–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘It had been cut up into little pieces by these people.’ 136 s ub ubədi haw’ə ti i səsuys s ub– ubədi

haw’ə

ti i

s= as–huyu=s

DSTR–hunter

PTCL

DIST

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘Those who had done it were hunters!’ 137 huy ildəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s ə ti ə huy

il–d=axʷ

SCONJ

give.food–ICS=now

ti ə PROX

udaw’

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

udaw’ fat

‘Then he gives his many little children fat.’ 138 yə i əsqʷatub yə i because

as–qʷata–txʷ–b STAT–laid.out

–ECS–PASS

‘Because it had been laid out.’ 139

əstabtub ti ə

udaw’

as–taba–txʷ–b STAT–do–ECS–PASS

ti ə PROX

‘The fat has been prepared.’

udaw’ fat

ə PR

50

140

Pheasant and Raven

ildəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s ə ti ə il–t=axʷ give.food–ICS=now

udaw’

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

ə

ti ə

PR

PROX

udaw’ fat

‘Then he gave his many little children fat to eat.’ 141 šaadᶻaləxʷ ti ə sgʷigʷəlgʷəlub šaadᶻal=axʷ ti ə sgʷi–gʷəl–gʷəlub go.outdoors:PL=now

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–pheasant

‘These many little pheasants go outside.’ 142 gʷəl huy ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

al tudi

əgʷalatxʷ

ə əd=axʷ

əlgʷə

feed.on=now

al tudi at

PL

əgʷalatxʷ

DIST.DMA

outdoors

‘And then they eat over there outdoors.’ 143

ukʷukʷilbəxʷ əlgʷə ukʷukʷ–il–b=axʷ play–INCH–MD=now

əlgʷə PL

‘They start to play.’ 144 tiləbəxʷ ušudub ə ti ə qaw’qs tiləb=axʷ

u–šu –dxʷ–b

immediately=now

PFV–see–DC–PASS

ə PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Right away they are seen by Raven.’ 145 gʷəl ləcut əˑ gʷəl

lə=cut

SCONJ

PROG=say

ə INTJ

‘And he says, “So!’ 146 stabəxʷ ti ə

əsqʷq’ʷil su ə əd ə tə bədbəda

stab=axʷ

ti ə

what=now

PROX

bəd–bəda DSTR–offspring

as–qʷq’ʷ–il STAT–white–INCH

ə PR

ə ti i sgʷəlub

s= u– ə əd NM=PFV–feed.on

ti i sgʷəlub DIST

pheasant

‘ “What is this whitish (stuff) Pheasant’s children are eating?” ’ 147 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then he goes.’

ə PR

tə NSPEC

Martha Williams Lamont

51

148 hiwil i šuuc hiwil

i

go.ahead

šu –c

2PL.IMP

see–ALTV

‘ “Go on, you guys! Look at it!’ 149

ʷul’ šuuc i ʷul’ šu –c only

i

see–ALTV

2PL.IMP

‘ “Just look at it, you guys!’ 150 hiwil i hiwil

i

go.ahead

2PL.IMP

‘ “Go on, you guys!” ’ 151

u ʷəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘His many little children go.’ 152 ləqʷəscut ti ə bibədbəda s lə=qʷəs–t–sut

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

PROG=flutter.quietly–ICS–REFL

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘His many little children flutter up stealthily.’ 153

ʷul’ u ic icil ti ə caadi sgʷigʷigʷəlub ʷul’ only

u– ic– icil PFV–DSTR–angry

ti ə

caadi

sgʷi–gʷi–gʷəlub

PROX

they

ATTN–ATTN–pheasant

‘The little pheasants just got angry.’ 154 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Go away!’ 155

uxʷak’ʷabi tubu

ələp qiqiqaw’qs

u–xʷak’ʷabi –t–ubu PFV–dirty–ICS–1PL.OBJ

ələp 2PL.SUB

qi–qi–qaw’qs ATTN–ATTN–raven

‘ “You little ravens are getting us dirty.” ’

52

Pheasant and Raven

156 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 157 huyəxʷ haydxʷəxʷ stab ti ə su ə əd ə ti ə wiw’su huy=axʷ SCONJ=now

ə PR

hay–dxʷ=axʷ

stab

ti ə

s= u– ə əd

known–DC=now

what

PROX

NM=PFV–feed.on

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘Then they find out what these children are eating.’ 158

ʷul’ i dukʷtub ʷul’ only

i –dukʷu–txʷ–b PRTV–abnormal–ECS–PASS

‘They are just gotten mad at by the others.’ 159 huy bəhəd iw’əxʷ huy

bə=həd iw’=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=indoors=now

‘Then they go inside again.’ 160

uˑ udaw’ ti i su ə əd ə ti i bədbəda u

udaw’ fat

INTJ

ti i

s= u– ə əd

DIST

NM=PFV–feed.on

ə ti i sgʷəlub ə

ti i

bəd–bəda

PR

DIST

DSTR–offspring

sgʷəlub pheasant ‘ “Oh, what the children of Pheasant are eating is fat.” ’ 161 huy haydubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi huy

hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ

ə

SCONJ

known–DC–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘Then he (Raven) knows.’ 162

tul’ ad kʷi skʷədxʷs əlgʷə tuI’– ad

kʷi

s=kʷəda–dxʷ=s

əlgʷə

CNTRPT–where

REM

NM=taken–DC=3PO

PL

‘From where did they manage to get it?’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

53

163 cutəbəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub ə ti ə qaw’qs cut–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

sgʷəlub

ə

say–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

pheasant

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Pheasant is spoken to by Raven,’ 164 tul’ ad kʷ(i) adskʷədxʷ ti i ads ə əd tul’– ad

kʷi

ad=s=kʷəda–dxʷ

ti i

ad–s ə əd

CNTRPT–where

REM

2SG.PO=NM=taken–DC

DIST

2SG.PO–food

‘ “From where did you manage to get your food?” ’ 165

u əy’dxʷ ə si ab ti ha

si i ab s ub ubədi

u– əy’–dxʷ

si ab

ti

ha

si –i ab

s ub– ubədi

noble

SPEC

good

PL–noble

DSTR–hunter

ə

PFV–find–DC

1PL.SUB

‘ “Sir, we found good, noble hunters.’ 166 gʷəl di ti ə cəxʷkʷədxʷ ti ə ds ə əd gʷəl

di

ti ə

d=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ

ti ə

d–s ə əd

SCONJ

FOC

PROX

1SG.PO=ADNM=taken–DC

PROX

1SG.PO–food

‘ “And that is how I managed to get my food.’ 167

u iltəbəxʷ əd ə ti ə qaˑ də ’u s əba ti ə ds əba tub cəxʷ iltəb u– il–t–b=axʷ

əd

PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS=now

ə

1SG.SUB

PR

ti ə

qa

də ’u

s əba

PROX

many

one

pack

ti ə

d=s= əba –txʷ–b

d=dəxʷ= il–t–b

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=backpack–ECS–PASS

1SG.PO=ADNM=give.food–ICS–PASS

‘ “I have been given a full backpack which was put on my back which is how I was given food.’ 168

iltəbəxʷ tsi ə

əgʷas ə ti ə

il–t–b=axʷ

usəsq’ʷəl s

tsi ə

give.food–ICS–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s

ə

wife–3PO

PR

ti ə PROX

u=s= as–q’ʷəl=s IRR=NM=STAT–cooked=3PO

‘(Raven’s) wife is given food to cook.’ 169 huy gʷəl ʷul’ ə ti ʷul’ k’ʷidə slək’ʷ ti i huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ʷul’ only

ə ‿ti seemingly

ə txʷ

ʷul’ k’ʷid–ə –s–lək’ʷ only

how.much–CLS–NP–eaten

ə –txʷ feed.on–ECS ‘And then it was just as though however much to eat there is,’

ti i DIST

54

Pheasant and Raven

170 lək’ʷtəb ə ti ə qaw’qs lək’ʷ–t–b

ə

eaten–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘It is eaten by Raven.’ 171 sgʷa xʷi əxʷ lə ild tsi ə

əgʷas

sgʷa

xʷi =axʷ

lə= il–t

tsi ə

əgʷas–s

one’s.own

NEG=now

PROG=give.food–ICS

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘He doesn’t give his wife her portion.’ 172 sgʷa xʷi əxʷ lə ild ti ə bibədbəda s sgʷa

xʷi =axʷ

lə= il–t

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

one’s.own

NEG=now

PROG=give.food–ICS

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘He doesn’t give his many little children their portion.’ 173 gʷəl huˑy bək’ʷdxʷ gʷəl

huy

bək’ʷ–dxʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

all–DC

‘Then he finishes it all.’ 174 tiləbəxʷ ucut tiləb=axʷ

u–cut

immediately=now

PFV–say

‘Right away he says,’ 175 tiləbəxʷ u əca cən’ə imaligʷəd tiləb=axʷ

u

immediately=now

əca

INT

I

cən’ə imaligʷəd Tseneximaligwed

‘ “Would I, Tseneximaligwed,’ 176 gʷəl xʷi

kʷi gʷ əs u əy’dxʷ s kʷədi s ub ubədi

gʷəl

xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=s= u– əy’–dxʷ=s

kʷədi

s ub– ubadi

SCONJ

NEG

REM

SBJ=NM=PFV–find–DC=3PO

REM.DMA

DSTR–hunter

‘ “Not be the one to find the hunters right away?’ 177

u umə əd qʷəlqʷəlwi u= ubə IRR=go.inland

əd 1SG.SUB

qʷəlqʷəlwi Qwelqelwich

‘ “I’ll go inland, Qwelqelwich.’

Martha Williams Lamont

178

55

u iməš əd u– ibəš

əd

PFV–travel

1SG.SUB

‘ “I’ll travel.” ’ 179 huy ibəšəxʷ huy

ibəš=axʷ

SCONJ

travel=now

‘Then he travels.’ 180

ubəhəxʷ ubə=axʷ go.inland=now ‘He goes inland.’

181 ha icutəxʷ kʷa ti ə sgʷəlub ha –i–t–sut=axʷ

kʷa

ti ə

sgʷəlub

good–SS–ICS–REFL=now

PTCL

PROX

pheasant

‘Pheasant simply pleases himself.’ 182 tu iligʷəd ə tə iišəds tu= il•igʷəd

ə

PAST=give.food•inside.body

tə

PR

iišəd–s

NSPEC

relatives–3PO

‘He gave willingly to his relatives.’ 183 gʷəl ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

ə ti ə cədi tus iltəbs

ə əd=axʷ

SCONJ

feed.on=now

əlgʷə PL

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

tu=s= il–t–b=s PAST=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘And they eat this food that they have been given.’ 184 ha iləxʷ ha –il=axʷ good–INCH=now ‘It is good.’ 185 ha kʷ s ə əds əlgʷə ha kʷ

s= ə əd=s

əlgʷə

long.time

NM=feed.on=3PO

PL

‘For a long time they eat.’

56

Pheasant and Raven

186 huy qa hikʷ qa biac ti i kʷagʷi əd huy

qa

hikʷ qa

biac

ti i

kʷagʷi əd

SCONJ

many

big

meat

DIST

elk

many

‘Because that elk is really big, it is really a lot of meat.’ 187 It’s elk 188 huy gʷəl huy gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti ə

qaw’qs

huy

gʷəl

huy

gʷəl

u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

go=now

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘And then, and then Raven goes.’ 189 gʷəl gʷəl lə il gʷəl

gʷəl

lə= il

SCONJ

SCONJ

PROG=arrive

‘And, and he arrives.’ 190 gʷəl lə əy’dxʷ ti ə caadi s ubədi gʷəl

lə= əy’–dxʷ

ti ə

caadi

s ubədi

SCONJ

PROG=find–DC

PROX

they

hunter

‘And he finds those hunters.’ 191 ƛ’al’ bədi dəxʷ a ə ti i dəxʷ əy’dubs ə ti i ƛ’al’

bə=di

dəxʷ= a

also

ADD=FOC

ADNM=be.there

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

ə

ti i

dəxʷ= əy’–dxʷ–b=s

PR

DIST

ADNM=find–DC–PASS=3PO

‘It is the very same place that they had been found by him (Pheasant).’ 192 gʷuutəbəxʷ ə ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay gʷuhu–t–b=axʷ bark–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

sqʷəb–qʷəbay

PROX

DSTR–dog

‘He is barked at by the dogs.’ 193

iditəbəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs idi–t–b=axʷ growl–ICS–PASS=now ‘Raven is growled at.’

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

Martha Williams Lamont

57

194 gʷəl cucutəbəxʷ gʷəl

cut–cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And he is spoken to.’ 195 miˑ iditəbəxʷ ə ti ə dogs mi grrr

idi–t–b=axʷ

ə

growl–ICS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

dogs

PROX

dogs

‘ “Grrr!” he is growled at by the dogs.’ 196 gʷiid t(ə) adsqʷəbqʷəbay qaw’qs gʷihi–t

tə

ad–sqʷəb–qʷəbay

qaw’qs

invite–ICS

NSPEC

2SG.PO–DSTR–dog

raven

‘ “Call your dogs, Raven.’ 197 gʷiid gʷihi–t invite–ICS ‘ “Call them.’ 198 gʷiid gʷihi–t invite–ICS ‘ “Call them.” ’ 199 təməliš təməliš təməliš ‘ “Temelish! Temelish! Temelish!” ’ 200 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘Nothing.’ 201

ʷul’əxʷ u ʷuƛ’ ʷuƛ’utəbəxʷ ə ti i sqʷəbqʷəbay ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u– ʷuƛ’– ʷuƛ’u–t–b=axʷ PFV–DSTR–chewed–ICS–PASS=now

ə

ti i

sqʷəb–qʷəbay

PR

DIST

DSTR–dog

‘He is just chewed on by the dogs.’ 202 təməliš kʷədi suda ads ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay təməliš

kʷədi

s= u–da a–t=s

ti ə

sqʷəb–qʷəbay

Temelish

REM.DMA

NM=PFV–named–ICS=3PO

PROX

DSTR–dog

‘Temelish is what he called the dogs.’

58

Pheasant and Raven

203 xʷi

kʷi gʷəscuts ʷul’ab ə ti i sgʷəlub

xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=s=cut=s

NEG

REM

SBJ=NM=speak=3PO

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

sgʷəlub

same.way

PR

DIST

pheasant

‘He does not say as Pheasant does,’ 204 xʷi lədsgʷa xʷi

lə=d=s=gʷa

NEG

NEGP=1SG.PO=NM=one’s.own

‘ “They are not mine.” ’ 205 huy dxʷsbəd ti ə qaw’qs huy

dxʷs–bəd

ti ə

qaw’qs

SCONJ

PROC–lie

PROX

raven

‘Raven is a liar.’ 206 hay gʷiitəbəxʷ ti ə dəxʷu ʷuƛ’utəbs hay

gʷihi–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

dəxʷ= u– ʷuƛ’u–t–b=s

SCONJ

invite–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

ADNM=PFV–chewed–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘So, (the dogs) are called (by the hunters) when he is chewed on.’ 207 huy wiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ huy

wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

ask–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then he is asked,’ 208 adsgʷa

u ti i

ad–sgʷa 2SG.PO–ones.own

u

ti i

INT

DIST

‘ “Is that yours?’ 209 adsəsbə alq u qaw’qs ad=s= as–bə •alq 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–fall•game ‘ “Is it your game, Raven?” ’ 210

i dsgʷa i yes

d–sgʷa 1SG.PO–one’s.own

‘ “Yes, it’s mine.’

u INT

qaw’qs raven

Martha Williams Lamont

211 huy cəd s umən’i

59

2

huy

cəd

s ubədi

SCONJ

1SG.SUB

hunter

‘ “For I am a hunter.’ 212 s umən’i

əd

s ubədi hunter

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I am a hunter.’ 213 di cəxʷəsbə alq ə ti i di

d=dəxʷ= as–bə •alq

FOC

1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–fall•game

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘ “That is how I felled that game.” ’ 214 k’ʷi ’idəxʷ ti s as qaw’qs k’ʷi ’i–t=axʷ

ti

s= a=s

qaw’qs

butchered–ICS=now

SPEC

NM=be.there=3PO

raven

‘ “Butcher what’s there, Raven!’ 215 ti i adsxʷi xʷi ti i

ad–sxʷi xʷi

DIST

2SG.PO–game

‘ “That is your game.’ 216 k’ʷi ’idəxʷ k’ʷi ’i–t=axʷ butchered–ICS=now ‘ “Butcher it!” ’ 217

ʷ al’ tukʷədadəxʷ ti ə cədi , ti ə biac ʷal’ fail

tu=kʷəda–t

ti ə

cədi

ti ə

biac

PAST=taken–ICS

PROX

s/he

PROX

meat

‘He can’t really get a hold of that, the meat.’ 218 xʷi axʷ ləšə dxʷ gʷəsuk’ʷi ’id s əxʷ kʷ(i) ə bids xʷi axʷ

lə=šə –dxʷ

gʷə=s= u–k’ʷi ’i–t=s=axʷ

kʷi

NEG=now

NEGP=make–DC

SBJ=NM=PFV–butcher–ICS=3PO=now

REM

__________ 2

This and the following lines spoken by Raven are in the stylized speech of this character, where the voiced stops are replaced by nasals or nasals plus schwa. See Hess 1982 for discussion.

60

Pheasant and Raven

ə bid–s intentions–3PO ‘And he fails to butcher it as he had intended.’ 219 xʷi gʷəsuydxʷs xʷi

gʷə=s=huyu–dxʷ=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=made–DC=3PO

‘He can’t do it.’ 220 huy ədtəbaxʷ ə ti ə cədi s ub ubədi huy SCONJ

əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

s ub– ubədi

PROX

s/he

DSTR–hunter

‘Then he is shoved aside by these hunters.’ 221 liltsut qaw’qs lil–t–sut

qaw’qs

far–ICS–REFL

raven

‘ “Get away, Raven!” ’ 222 huy əsaydub huy SCONJ

as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS

‘Then they know him.’ 223 ƛ’asdᶻilitəb ƛ’u= as–dᶻili–t–b HAB=STAT–scorn–ICS–PASS

‘They despise him.’ 224 day’ay’ səscəqʷs ti səsuys day’–ay’

s= as–cəqʷ=s

ti

s= as–huyu=s

DSTR–uniquely

NM=STAT–greedy=3PO

SPEC

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘He is very greedy.’ 225

ədtəbaxʷ əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is shoved away’

Martha Williams Lamont

61

226 liltsut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!” ’ 227 huy lə ədtəbaxʷ huy

lə= əd–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PROG=push–ICS–PASS=now

‘He is shoved away.’ 228 gʷəl (h)uy k’ʷi ’itəbəxʷ ti ə cədi s iltəbs gʷəl SCONJ

huy

k’ʷi ’i–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

SCONJ

butchered–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

s/he

s= il–t–b=s NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘And then this they are giving him is butchered.’ 229

iˑ uk’ʷi ’yid ə ti dəgʷi i INTJ

u=k’ʷi ’i–yi–t IRR=butchered–DAT–ICS

ə 1PL.SUB

ti

dəgʷi

SPEC

you

‘ “Indeed, we will butcher it for you.” ’ 230 qʷatqʷatatəbəxʷ qʷat–qʷata–t–b=axʷ DSTR–laid.out–ICS–PASS=now

‘It is all laid out.’ 231 huy ət ʷətəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi qaw’qs ti i s udaw’ huy SCONJ

ət ʷ–t–b=axʷ gulp.down–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

qaw’qs ti i

s– udaw’

PROX

s/he

raven

NP–fat

DIST

‘Then Raven gobbles up the fat.’ 232 qa ti ə

udaw’

qa

ti ə

many

PROX

udaw’ fat

‘There is a lot of fat.’ 233

ʷul’ lə aatəb ləqʷatatəb ʷul’ lə= ah–a–t–b only

PROG=INTNS–be.there–ICS–PASS

‘No sooner is it set there, laid out,’

lə=qʷata–t–b PROG=laid.out–ICS–PASS

62

Pheasant and Raven

234 hay gʷəl lək’ʷədaxʷ hay

gʷəl

lək’ʷəd=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

eaten=now

‘So he takes it.’ 235 gʷəl lək’ʷədaxʷ gʷəl

lək’ʷəd=axʷ

SCONJ

eaten=now

‘And he eats it.’ 236 gʷəl lək’ʷədaxʷ ə ti i s uk’ʷi ’yitəbs gʷəl

lək’ʷəd=axʷ

ə

ti i

s= u–k’ʷi ’i–yi–t–b=s

SCONJ

eaten=now

PR

DIST

NM=PFV–butchered–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘And he eats it as it is butchered for him.’ 237 haˑy huy gʷəl bəqʷibyitəbəxʷ hay

huy

gʷəl

bə=qʷibi–yi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=prepared–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

‘So, then they prepare more for him.’ 238 huy cutəbəxʷ huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then he is spoken to,’ 239

u əba əd əxʷ ti ə s ild ə ti dəgʷi u= əba –t

əxʷ

IRR=backpack–ICS

2SG.SUB

ti ə

s= il–t

PROX

NM=give.food–ICS

ə 1PL.PO

ti

dəgʷi

SPEC

you

‘ “You will backpack this which we are giving you,” ’ 240

adəxʷ iltxʷ dxʷ al kʷs(i) ad əgʷas i kʷ(i) adbədbəda u=ad=dəxʷ= il–txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=arrive–ECS

dxʷ– al

kʷsi

ad– əgʷas

CNTRPT–at

REM:FEM

2SG.PO–wife

kʷi

ad–bəd–bəda

REM

2SG.PO–DSTR–offspring

‘ “So that you can bring it to your wife and children.” ’ 241 tiləbəxʷ ucut tiləb=axʷ immediately=now ‘Right away he says,’

u–cut PFV–say

i CONJ

Martha Williams Lamont

242

63

ukʷədad əd u=kʷəda–t

əd

IRR=taken–ICS

1SG.SUB

‘ “I got it.’ 243

uhuy əd s umən’i u=huyu

əd

IRR=made

s ubədi

1SG.SUB

hunter

‘ “I am a hunter, a hunter.’ 244 s umən’i s ubədi

əd əd

hunter

1SG.SUB

‘ “I am a hunter.” ’ 245 bəsgʷa səxʷ bəsxʷi xʷi s kʷədi sucucuts bə=s=gʷa =s=axʷ

bə=sxʷi xʷi –s

kʷədi

ADD=NM=one’s.own=3PO=now

ADD=game–3PO

REM.DMA

s= u–cut–cut=s NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘What he is saying is that it is his own game.’ 246 s ubədi ti i səscuts kʷ(i) sxʷi xʷi (s) s ubədi

ti i

s= as–cut=s

kʷi

sxʷi xʷi –s

hunter

DIST

NM=STAT–say=3PO

REM

hunt–3PO

‘What he is saying is that he is the hunter, it is his game.’ 247 huˑy əba ədəxʷ ti ə s iltəbs huy

əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now

SCONJ

ti ə

s= il–t–b=s

PROX

NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘Then he backpacks what he has been given.’ 248 huy ləli lil al kʷədi

ad kʷi tudəxʷqa kʷs

huy

lə=li –lil

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–far

al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

ad where

‘Then he goes a little ways to where he rested.’ 249 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl

lə=cut

SCONJ

PROG=say

‘Next he says,’

kʷi

tu=dəxʷ=qa kʷ=s

REM

PAST=ADNM=rest=3PO

64

Pheasant and Raven

250 hayəxʷ əd ti gʷələscəba hay=axʷ

əd

SCONJ=now

1SG.SUB

əd ə kʷi dsxʷi xʷi ti

gʷə=ləs–cəba

SPEC

SBJ=PROG.STAT–backpack

əd 1SG.SUB

ə PR

d–sxʷi xʷi 1SG.PO–game ‘ “So I am obliged to carry my game.’ 251 tu ʷ cəd bəs ubəbi tu ʷ cəd

bə=s ubədi

just

ADD=hunter

1SG.SUB

‘ “But I am also a hunter.” ’ 252 dᶻalqʷusbidəxʷ dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t=axʷ turn•head–MAP–ICS=now ‘He looks over his shoulder at it.’ 253 xʷi əxʷ əd ləšuuc xʷi =axʷ

əd

NEG=now

lə=šuu–c

1SG.SUB

NEGP=see–ALTV

‘ “I am not to look at it.” ’ 254 gʷa

əxʷlək’ʷədəb ti i

gʷa

ə bids

as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–t–ab STAT–CTD–eaten–ICS–DSD

INTJ

ti i DIST

ə bid–s intentions–3PO

‘But his thoughts want to eat it.’ 255 gʷəl dᶻalqʷusbid gʷəl dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t SCONJ

turn.around•head–MAP–ICS

‘And he looks over his shoulder at it.’ 256 tiˑləb ugʷə agʷil ti ə tusəs əba s kʷagʷi əd tiləb

u–gʷəx –agʷil

immediately

PFV–untied–AUTO

ti ə

tu=s= as– əba =s

PROX

PAST=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO

kʷagʷi əd elk ‘Immediately the elk he carries on his back gets loose.’

kʷi REM

Martha Williams Lamont

257

65

uˑ ʷ saxʷəb bəlkʷ u ʷ go

saxʷəb

bəlkʷ

jump

return

‘It goes, it runs, it returns.’ 258 saˑxʷəb saxʷəb jump ‘It runs.’ 259 huy dəbəxʷ əw’ə ti i p’q’ac ti i s qalikʷyitəbs ʷul’ab ə ti i tusəsuys huy

dəb=axʷ

əw’ə

ti i

p’q’ac

ti i

SCONJ

instead=now

PTCL

DIST

rotten.wood

DIST

s= q–alikʷ–yi–t–b=s NM=wrapped–ACT–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

same.way

PR

DIST

tu=s= as–huyu=s PAST=NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘So, instead a rotten log is wrapped up for him as (the elk) had been.’ 260 p’q’acəxʷ ti i

əs əba əd

pq’ac=axʷ

ti i

rotten.wood=now

DIST

as– əba –t STAT–backpack–ICS

‘What he backpacks is a rotten log.’ 261 gʷəl əxʷscutəbəxʷ di ti i gʷəl

as–dxʷs–cut–t–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–say–ICS–DSD=now

SCONJ

di

ti i

FOC

DIST

‘But he thinks, it is that (elk).’ 262 gʷa əw’ə usaxʷəbəxʷ ti i cədi kʷagʷi əd gʷa

əw’ə

u–saxʷəb=axʷ

ti i

cədi

kʷagʷi əd

INTJ

PTCL

PFV–jump=now

DIST

s/he

elk

‘The elk has just run off.’ 263

ubəlkʷ u–bəlkʷ PFV–return

‘It returns.’

66

Pheasant and Raven

264 gʷəl cutəb ə ti i s ub ubədi gʷəl

cut–t–b

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS PR

ə

ti i

s ub– ubədi

DIST

DSTR–hunter

‘And it is spoken by the hunters,’ 265

uˑ udᶻalqʷusbitəb dᶻə sixʷ ə ti qaw’qs ti ə tus ild ə u u–dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t–b dᶻə sixʷ ə PFV–turn•head–MAP–ICS–PASS

INTJ

PTCL

PTCL

PR

ti

qaw’qs

ti ə

SPEC

raven

PROX

ə

tu=s= il–t PAST=NM=give–ICS

1PL.PO

‘ “Oh, Raven must have looked over his shoulder at what we gave him.’ 266 ti ə bələ iləxʷ ti ə

bə=lə= il=axʷ

PROX

ADD=PROG=arrive=now

‘ “It is that which is coming now.’ 267 lə əƛ’ ti i kʷagʷi əd lə= əƛ’

ti i

kʷagʷi əd

PROG=come

DIST

elk

‘ “The elk is coming.’ 268

udᶻalqʷus dᶻə u–dᶻalqʷ•us PFV–turn•head

dᶻə PTCL

‘ “He must have turned around.’ 269 xʷu ələ sixʷ ə tulək’ʷəd xʷu ələ

sixʷ

maybe

PTCL

ə

tu=lək’ʷ–t

seemingly

PAST=eaten–ICS

‘ “It seems like he must have eaten it.’ 270 tiləbəxʷ k’ʷə tu tabəd ti ə tusutabs tiləb=axʷ

k’ʷə

tu=taba–t

ti ə

tu=s= u–taba=s

immediately=now

QTV

PAST=do–ICS

PROX

PAST=NM=PFV–do=3PO

‘ “He must have done what he did right away.” ’ 271

ʷul’ul’əxʷ p’q’ac al kʷi tus ilsəxʷ ʷul’–ul’=axʷ INTNS–only=now

p’q’ac rotten.wood

al kʷi at

REM

tu=s= il=s=axʷ PAST=NM=arrive=3PO=now

‘It was nothing but a rotten log when he got home.’

Martha Williams Lamont

272

67

aˑd ad where ‘ “Where is it?” ’

273

ʷul’ basdukʷ ti ə

ə s qali txʷ

ʷul’ bə= as–dukʷu only

ti ə

ADD=STAT–abnormal

as– q•ali –txʷ

PROX

STAT–wrapped•bundle–ECS

‘What he has bundled up is just worthless.’ 274 cutəb ə tsi ə

əgʷas

cut–t–b

ə

say–ICS–PASS

PR

tsi ə

əgʷas–s

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘He is spoken to by his wife,’ 275

ʷul’ul’ p’q’ac ti ə adsəs qali ʷul’–ul’ INTNS–only

əsbə

p’q’ac

ti ə

ad=s= as– q•ali

rotten.wood

PROX

2SG.PO=NM=STAT–wrapped•bundle

as–bə

‘ “What you have wrapped up lying here is just a rotten log.’ 276 xʷi kʷi gʷəbiac kʷi gʷəstab xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=biac

kʷi

gʷə=stab

NEG

REM

SBJ=meat

REM

SBJ=what

‘ “There is no meat or anything.” ’ 277

idigʷat ’əluləq’ adəy uləq’ idigʷat say.what

’əluləq’

adəy uləq’

speak.nonsense

woman.nonsense

‘ “What idiotic, female nonsense are you saying?!” ’ 278 cutəb tsi ə s ušəbabdxʷ cut–t–b

tsi ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

say–ICS–PASS

PROX:FEM

poor.guy

‘This poor woman is spoken to.’ 279 huˑy dᶻu ʷatəxʷ ə ti ə huy dᶻu ʷat=axʷ SCONJ

vomit=now

ʷul’ul’əxʷ p’q’ac tusu ə əds ə PR

ti ə PROX

ʷul’–ul’=axʷ INTNS–only=now

tu=s= u– ə əd=s PAST=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘Then he vomits the rotten wood that he had eaten.’

p’q’ac rotten.wood

STAT–fall

68

Pheasant and Raven

280 haˑy gʷəl i ixʷ ( )al ti i hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

i i =axʷ

al ti i

embarrassed=now at

DIST

‘And so he is embarrassed by that.’ 281 ƛ’ucuucəxʷ ti ə ƛ’u–cut–c=axʷ

ti ə

HAB–say–ALTV=now

PROX

‘He says to them (his children),’ 282 qaha u xʷ ti i su ə əd ə ti i sgʷəlub qah–a

u xʷ

ti i

s= u– ə əd

DSTR–many

PTCL

DIST

NM=PFV–feed.on

ə

ti i

sgʷəlub

PR

DIST

pheasant

‘ “Pheasant still has a lot to eat.” ’ 283 huy cuucəxʷ ti ə bədbəda s huy

cut–c=axʷ

ti ə

bəd–bəda –s

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

PROX

DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘Then he tells his children,’ 284 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp u i əli əxʷ ə ti i bədbəda ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now

ələp

ə ti i sgʷəlub

u– i– əli =axʷ

2PL.SUB

ti i

sgʷəlub

DIST

pheasant

PFV–ATTN–battle=now

ə

ti i

bəd–bəda

PR

DIST

DSTR–offspring

‘ “You ought to have a little fight with Pheasant’s children.’ 285

ʷul’ udaw’ ti ə ƛ’usu ə əds əlgʷə ʷul’ only

udaw’ fat

ti ə

ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s

əlgʷə

PROX

HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

‘ “They always eat nothing but fat.’ 286

i əli txʷəxʷ i i– əli –txʷ=axʷ

i

ATTN–battle–ECS=now

2PL.IMP

‘ “Go have a little fight with them!” ’ 287 cuucəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s qiqiqaw’qs cut–c=axʷ

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

qi–qi–qaw’qs

say–ALTV=now

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

ATTN–ATTN–raven

‘He says to his many little children, the little ravens,’

ə PR

Martha Williams Lamont

69

288 skʷup kʷi usgʷa ləp ti ə skʷup fish ƛ’u f ish al creek skʷup

kʷi

sucker.fish

REM

ƛ’u=fish HAB=fish

u=s=gʷa =lap IRR=NM=one’s.own=2PL.PO

al

ti ə

skʷup

fish

PROX

sucker.fish

fish

creek

at

creek

‘ “Sucker fish will be yours, these suckers, fish, these fish in the creek.” ’ 289 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy

u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

go=now

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘Then the children go.’ 290 huy pusiləxʷ ə ti ə skʷup huy

pusu–il=axʷ

SCONJ

thrown.at–INCH=now

ə PR

ti ə

skʷup

PROX

sucker.fish

‘Then they throw these sucker fish.’ 291 huy pusutəbəxʷ ə ti i cədi huy

pusu–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now

ə

ti i

cədi

PR

DIST

s/he

‘Then (Pheasant’s children) are thrown at by them.’ 292

u ahəxʷ u= a=axʷ IRR=be.there=now

‘(Raven) will be there.’ 293

əsuyucutəxʷ ə ti catcher al ti i ləqbid ə ti ə wiw’su as–huyu–t–sut=axʷ STAT–made–ICS–REFL=now

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

ə ‿ti seemingly

catcher catcher

al ti i at

‘He makes himself like a catcher behind the children.’ 294 di i ti sukʷədxʷs ti i di i

ti

s= u–kʷəda–dxʷ=s

ti i

suddenly

SPEC

NM=PFV–taken–DC=3PO

DIST

‘As soon as he manages to get it (a fish),’

DIST

ləq–bid behind–RLNL

ə PR

70

Pheasant and Raven

295 gʷəl lələk’ʷəd gʷəl

lə=lək’ʷ–t

SCONJ

PROG=eaten–ICS

‘And he eats it.’ 296 di i ti skʷədxʷs ti i supusutəbs ti ə wiw’su di i suddenly

ti

s=kʷəda–dxʷ=s

ti i

s= u–pusu–t–b=s

SPEC

NM=taken–DC=3PO

DIST

NM=PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS=3PO

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘As soon as he manages to get one of those thrown at the children.’ 297

aliləxʷ kʷədi

ə s ti i suhuys

al–il=axʷ

kʷədi

at–INCH=now

ə –s

REM.DMA

mind–3PO

ti i

s= u–huyu=s

DIST

NM=PFV–made=3PO

‘The idea comes to him to do it.’ 298 haˑy bədukʷtubəxʷ ə ti i i hay

ə ti ə suhuys

bə=dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

ə

ADD=abnormal–ECS–PASS=now

ti –i i

PR

ə

PL–DIST

PR

ti ə PROX

s= u–huyu=s NM=PFV–made=3PO

‘So, they get mad at him for what he has done.’ 299

ʷul’əxʷ sixʷ bələ ət ʷətəb ə ti i qaw’qs ti i tu s ukʷukʷ ə tə wiw’su ʷul’=axʷ

sixʷ

bə=lə= ət ʷ–t–b

only=now

PTCL

ADD=PROG=gulp.down–ICS–PASS

tu=s= ukʷukʷ

ə

PAST=NM=play

PR

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

ə

ti i

qaw’qs ti i

PR

DIST

raven

DIST

‘True to form Raven is just gulping down what the children played with.’ 300 huy bəgʷəƛ’əltubəxʷ ti ə tu ukʷukʷ huy

bə=gʷə=ƛ’əl–txʷ–b=axʷ

ti ə

tu= ukʷukʷ

SCONJ

ADD=SBJ=silent–ECS–PASS=now

PROX

PAST=play

‘Then he causes the game to stop too.’ 301 skʷup ti ə sgʷa s ti ə

supusil ə ti ə bədbəda s

skʷup

ti ə

sgʷa –s

ti ə

s= u–pusu–il

sucker.fish

PROX

one’s.own–3PO

PROX

NM=PFV–thrown.at–INCH

ə PR

Martha Williams Lamont

71

ti ə

bəd–bəda –s

PROX

DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘It is their own sucker fish which the children have been throwing.’ 302 dukʷtubəxʷ ti ə wiw’su dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

abnormal–ECS–PASS=now

PROX

children

‘The children (of Raven) are gotten mad at.’ 303 hiwiləxʷ i hiwil=axʷ

i

go.ahead=now

2PL.IMP

‘ “Go on, you guys!’ 304 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Go away.’ 305

uxʷak’ʷabi tubu

ələp

u–xʷak’ʷabi –t–ubu

ələp

PFV–dirty–ICS–1PL.OBJ

2PL.SUB

‘ “You are getting dirt on us.” ’ 306 ti ə cədi qiqiqaw’qs bədbəda s gʷəl

əsdᶻilitəb əlgʷə

ə ti ə sgʷəlub dəbə

sgʷəlub ti ə

cədi

PROX

qi–qi–qaw’qs

bəd–bəda –s

s/he ATTN–ATTN–raven as–dᶻili–t–b əlgʷə

STAT–scorn–ICS–PASS

PL

gʷəl

DSTR–offspring–3PO

ə PR

SCONJ

ti ə

sgʷəlub

dəbə

PROX

pheasant

belong.to.bloodline

sgʷəlub pheasant ‘The little ravens, (Raven’s) children, they are scorned by Pheasant and by Pheasant’s family.’ 307 hay huyəxʷ ti i hay

huyu=axʷ

ti i

SCONJ

made=now

DIST

‘So, it ends.’

72

Pheasant and Raven

308 di əxʷ ti i tudəxʷutabs də xʷə ilsəxʷ di =axʷ

ti i

tu=dəxʷ= u–taba=s

dəxʷ=xʷə il=s=axʷ

FOC=now

DIST

PAST=ADNM=PFV–do=3PO

ADNM=be.worked.up=3PO=now

‘That is why (Raven) did it, why he was so worked up.’ 309

əs aləxʷ kʷi usuys kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷyids ti ə cədi as– al=axʷ STAT–how=now

kʷi

u=s=huyu=s IRR=NM=made=3PO

REM

iišəds ə kʷi su ə əds

kʷi REM

gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ–yi–t=s

ti ə

cədi

SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC–DAT–ICS=3PO

PROX

s/he

kʷi

s= u– ə əd=s

REM

NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

iišəd–s

ə

relatives–3PO PR

‘How could he do it, manage to get what his relatives are eating away from them?’ 310 di tušac’ ə ti i gʷə sgʷəlub ti i di

tu=s=šac’

FOC

PAST=NM=end

i ti i qaw’qs

ə

ti i

gʷə

sgʷəlub

ti i

PR

DIST

ASSC

pheasant

DIST

‘That is the end of the one about Pheasant and Raven.’

i CONJ

ti i

qaw’qs

DIST

raven

Martha Williams Lamont

73

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife as told by Martha Lamont1 1

əs a lil ti i as– a lil

ti i

STAT–live

DIST

‘He lives there.’ 2

əs a lil ti i

i sgʷəlub i ti i

as– a lil

ti i

STAT–live

DIST

i

ə ə təds ti ə

sgʷəlub pheasant

CONJ

i CONJ

i kʷəlq ti i DIST

ə – ə təd–s

ti ə

DSTR–in.law–3PO

PROX

i –kʷəlq PRTV–others

‘Pheasant together with his wife’s brothers, and some others, live there.’ 3

dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi PROC–DSTR–hunt

‘They are hunters.’ 4

ƛ’uxʷi xʷi əlgʷə dxʷ a kʷ ƛ’u=xʷi xʷi

əlgʷə

dxʷ– a kʷ

HAB=hunt

PL

CNTRPT–seaward

‘They always hunt at sea.’ 5

ƛ’uxʷi xʷi əxʷ əlgʷə dxʷt’aq’t ƛ’u=xʷi xʷi =axʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ–t’aq’t

HAB=hunt=now

PL

CNTRPT–inland

‘They always hunt in the mountains.’ 6

ubə alq əlgʷə

ə kʷi sqigʷac stab s ətxʷəd stab

u–bə •alq

əlgʷə

PFV–fall•game

PL

ə PR

kʷi

sqigʷac stab

s ətxʷəd

stab

REM

deer

bear

what

what

‘They take deer, black bear, whatever ...’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 28 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form with the title “Pheasant and His In-laws” in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006) and as “The Story of the Seal-Hunters” in Bierwert 1996.

74

7

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

dᶻəgʷa dxʷsxʷi xʷi ti i dᶻəgʷa dxʷs–xʷi xʷi

ti i

expert

DIST

ə ə təds alš ə tsi ə

PROC–hunt

tsi ə

əgʷas

ə – ə təd–s

alš

DSTR–in.law–3PO

ə

cross.sex.sibling

PR

əgʷas–s

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘The brothers of his (Pheasant’s) wife are expert hunters.’ 8

alalš ə tsi ə

əgʷas ti i dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi

al–alš

ə

PL–cross.sex.sibling

tsi ə

PR

PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s

ti i

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi

wife–3PO

DIST

PROC–DSTR–hunt

‘The hunters are the brothers of his wife.’ 9

gʷəl cədi gʷəl ʷul’ up’ayəq gʷəl

cədi

gʷəl

ʷul’

SCONJ

s/he

SCONJ

only

u–p’ayəq PFV–hew

‘And he, he just makes canoes.’ 10

up’ayəq ti ə luƛ’ gʷəluƛ’əs gʷəluƛ’əxʷəs aci talbixʷ u–p’ayəq PFV–hew

ti ə

luƛ’

gʷə=luƛ’=as

gʷə=luƛ’=axʷ=as

PROX

old

SBJ=old=3SBRD

SBJ=old=now=3SBRD

‘This old man makes canoes, if he is old, if he is an old person.’ 11

up’ayəq u–p’ayəq PFV–hew

‘He makes canoes.’ 12

up’ayəq u–p’ayəq PFV–hew

‘He makes canoes.’ 13 ck’ʷaqid uhuyalikʷ ə ti ə q’il’bid ck’ʷaqid always

u–huyu–alikʷ

ə

PFV–made–ACT

PR

ti ə

q’il’bid

PROX

canoe

‘He always makes canoes.’ 14 ti ə stab di stab gʷuhuyud ti ə

stab

di

stab

gʷə= u–huyu–t

PROX

what

FOC

what

SBJ=PFV–made–ICS

‘Those things, those are what he makes.’

aci talbixʷ people

Martha Williams Lamont

15

up’ayəq ə ti i u–p’ayəq PFV–hew

75

pay

ə

ti i

pay

PR

DIST

cedar

‘He carves them out of red cedar.’ 16 gʷəl u u ʷ ti i gʷəl

u– u ʷ ti i

SCONJ

PFV–go

DIST

‘And they go.’ 17 ƛ’uxʷi xʷi ti i caadi

ə ə təds

ƛ’u=xʷi xʷi

ti i

caadi

HAB=hunt

DIST

they

ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO

‘His in-laws would hunt.’ 18 gʷəl ƛ’u iˑl ti ə cədi gʷəl

ƛ’u= il

ti ə

cədi

SCONJ

HAB=arrive

PROX

s/he

‘And they would arrive.’ 19 gʷəl ƛ’uq’əlstəb t ə

a sxʷi xʷi stab

gʷəl

ƛ’u=q’əls–t–b

tə

a

SCONJ

HAB=steamed–ICS–PASS

NSPEC

be.there

sxʷi xʷi

stab

game

what

‘And the game or whatever they have is always steamed.’ 20 hay ƛ’uhuyutəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi

ə ə təds ti i s ə əd

hay

ƛ’u=huyu–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

HAB=made–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO

ti i DIST

s ə əd food ‘So, the food would be prepared by his (Pheasant’s) in-laws.’ 21 ƛ’uhuyudəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷi gʷəs i i ’s ƛ’u=huyu–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

kʷi

gʷə=s= i– i ’=s

HAB=made–ICS=now

PL

CNTRPT–at

REM

SBJ=NM=ATTN–get.cut=3PO

‘They always prepared it until it was cut into small pieces.’ 22 hay ƛ’ucutəbəxʷ tsi ə cədi hay

ƛ’u=cut–t–b=axʷ

tsi ə

cədi

SCONJ

HAB=say–ICS–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘Then she was always told,’

76

23

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

əƛ’txʷ kʷ(i) ad a əƛ’–txʷ come–ECS

kʷi

ad– a

REM

2SG.PO–platter

‘ “Bring your platter!’ 24

u a tashuyəxʷ u= a

tu= as–huyu=axʷ

IRR=be.there

PAST=STAT–made=now

‘ “It will be there, it is done.’ 25

əsq’ʷəl ti ə s ə əd as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked

ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

food

‘ “The food has been prepared.” ’ 26

əsq’əls as–q’əls STAT–steamed

‘It has been steamed.’ 27 stab stab what ‘What is it?’ 28

əbil’ bədi ti acəc tul’ a kʷ stab sup’qs stab əbil’ perhaps

bə=di

ti acəc

tul’– a kʷ

stab

sup’qs

stab

ADD=FOC

UNQ

CNTRFG–seaward

what

hair.seal

what

‘Perhaps it is that from the sea – hair seal, whatever.’ 29 di ləsq’ʷəlas gʷəbədi əs di

ləs–q’ʷəl=as

gʷə=bə=di =as

FOC

PROG.STAT–cooked=3SBRD

SBJ=ADD=FOC=3SBRD

‘It is cooked, if that is what it was.’ 30 huy gʷəl u ʷtxʷ ti ə huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

a s

u ʷ–txʷ ti ə go–ECS

PROX

‘And then she takes her platter.’

a –s platter–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

77

31 gʷəl ləcilitəb gʷəl

lə=cili–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=supported–ICS–PASS

‘And it is served.’ 32 haˑ

əsq’ʷəl ti ə biac ə ti ə sup’qs

ha

as–q’ʷəl

good

STAT–cooked

ti ə

biac

ə

PROX

meat

PR

ti ə

sup’qs

PROX

hair.seal

‘The meat of this hair seal is well cooked.’ 33 hay bək’ʷ əsq’ʷib s ə tubs hay

bək’ʷ

SCONJ

all

as–qʷib

s= ə –txʷ–b=s

STAT–prepared

NM=be.fed–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘So, everything is prepared to be fed to them.’ 34

u ədyid kʷi u il ə ti ə ads ’istxʷ xʷa u ə txʷ ə ti i u= əd–yi–t

kʷi

IRR=push.aside–DAT–ICS

xʷa

u= il IRR=arrive

REM

u= ə –txʷ

2SG.COORD

ə

IRR=be.fed–ECS

PR

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

ti ə

ad–s ’istxʷ

PROX

2SG.PO–husband

‘ “Set it aside for when your husband arrives and you will feed him with it.” ’ 35

alšs əlgʷə tsi ə

ucucuuc

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

əlgʷə

tsi ə

PL

PROX:FEM

u–cut–cut–c PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV

‘The one they speak to is their sister.’ 36

əbsbibədbəda

ə kʷi tuk’ʷidid

as–bəs–bi–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–ATTN–DSTR–offspring

ə PR

kʷi

tu=k’ʷid–id

REM

PAST=RDP–how.many

‘She has how many little children?’ 37 səsa li

u

səsa li

u

two:HMN

INT

‘Two?’ 38 huy gʷəl t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ ə tsi ə s adəy ti ə cədi huy

gʷəl

t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

go.home–ECS–PASS=now

ə PR

əsq’ʷəl tsi ə

s adəy

ti ə

PROX:FEM

woman

PROX

78

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

cədi

as–q’ʷəl

s/he

STAT–cooked

‘And then what has been cooked is taken home by the woman.’ 39 lə ildub lə= il–dxʷ–b PROG=arrive–DC–PASS

‘It is brought.’ 40 huy

ildxʷəxʷ əlgʷə

huy

il–dxʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

arrive–DC=now

SCONJ

PL

‘Then they manage to arrive with it.’ 41 gʷəl (h)uy ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

i ti ə bibədbəda s

ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now

əlgʷə PL

i CONJ

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘And then she and her little children eat.’ 42 lək’ʷədaˑxʷ ti ə tus iltəbs əlgʷə tasq’ʷəl lək’ʷ–t=axʷ

ti ə

tu=s= il–t–b=s

əlgʷə

eaten–ICS=now

PROX

PAST=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

tu= as–q’ʷəl PAST=STAT–cooked

‘They eat the cooked food they had been given.’ 43 gʷəl bək’ʷdxʷ i ti ə bibədbəda s gʷəl

bək’ʷ–dxʷ

SCONJ

all–DC

i CONJ

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘And she and her little children manage to get it all.’ 44 huy tubək’ʷildxʷ huy

tu=bək’ʷ–il–dxʷ

SCONJ

PAST=all–INCH–DC

‘Then they managed to finish it all up.’ 45 xʷi əxʷ kʷi bəstab gʷətugʷə ti i s ’istxʷs tusəs ədyids xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

bə=stab

gʷə=tu=gʷə

ti i

s ’istxʷ–s

NEG=now

REM

ADD=what

SBJ=PAST=ASSC

DIST

husband–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

79

tu=s= as– əd–yi–t=s PAST=NM=STAT–push.aside–DAT–ICS=3PO

‘Whatever was set aside for her husband is gone.’ 46 kʷədadəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s kʷəda–t=axʷ

ti ə

bi–bəd–bəda –s

taken–ICS=now

PROX

ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘She takes her little children.’ 47 gʷəl dxʷšuk’ʷilqsədəxʷ gʷəl

dxʷ–šuk’ʷ–il•qs–t=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–grey–INCH•nose–ICS=now

‘And she greys their noses.’ 48 šušk’ʷildəxʷ ə ti i ƛ’uxʷudad al kʷi ƛ’uhud šu–šk’ʷ–il–t=axʷ ATTN–grey–INCH–ICS=now

ə

ti i

ƛ’u=xʷhudad

PR

DIST

HAB=ashes

al kʷi at

REM

ƛ’u=hud HAB=burn

‘She greys them with the ashes in the fire.’ 49 cut uk’əyi as p’aƛ’aƛ’ tu ʷəs xʷi kʷi stab gʷətsu ə əds cut say

u=k’əyi =as IRR=pretend=3SBRD

p’aƛ’aƛ’

tu ʷ=as

xʷi

kʷi

stab

worthless

just=3SBRD

NEG

REM

what

gʷə=tu=s= u– ə əd=s SBJ=PAST=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘She tells them they should pretend that there had been nothing of worth, that there had just been nothing they could eat.’ 50 s ’iq’ʷil s= ’iq’ʷ–il NM=dirty–INCH

‘They are dirty.’ 51 di kʷi gʷəsəsc’u ʷil ə ti i s ə əd di

kʷi

gʷə=s= as–c’u ʷil

FOC

REM

SBJ=NM=STAT–grease

ə

ti i

s ə əd

PR

DIST

food

‘They would have been greasy from the food.’ 52 taswəli kʷi dəxʷšuk’ʷilqsədəxʷs ə ti i xʷudad tu= as–wəli

kʷi

dəxʷ=šuk’ʷ–il•qs–t=əx=s

PAST=STAT–visible

REM

ADNM=grey–INCH•nose–ICS=now=3PO

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

80

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

xʷhudad ashes ‘It showed, so she greys their noses with ashes.’ 53 ƛ’al’əxʷ bas ista tsi i ƛ’al’=axʷ

bə=as– ista

tsi i

also=now

ADD=STAT–be.like

DIST:FEM

‘It is the same with her.’ 54

iˑl ti i cədi s ’istxʷs il

ti i

cədi

s ’istxʷ–s

arrive

DIST

s/he

husband–3PO

‘Her husband arrives.’ 55 gʷəl ləwiˑliq’ʷ gʷəl

lə=wiliq’ʷ

SCONJ

PROG=ask

‘And he asks,’ 56 tu iləxʷ u sixʷ tu= il=axʷ PAST=arrive=now

u

sixʷ

INT

PTCL

‘ “Did they come?’ 57 tu ə idəxʷ kʷ(i) ad alalš tu= ə id=axʷ

kʷi

ad– al–alš

PAST=what.happen=now

REM

2SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling

‘ “What have your brothers done?” ’ 58 tu iˑl si ab tu= il

si ab

PAST=arrive

noble

‘ “They arrived, sir.’ 59 tu il tu= il PAST=arrive

‘ “They arrived.” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

81

60 stab kʷi ƛ’usuhuy ə kʷi aci talbixʷ stab

kʷi

ƛ’u=s= u–huyu

what

REM

HAB=NM=PFV–made

ə

kʷi

PR

REM

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “But what have those people been doing?” ’ 61 xʷi gʷəsəsaydxʷ ə xʷi

gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “We don’t know.’ 62 ƛ’as al di a əxʷ kʷa ƛ’u= as– al

di a =axʷ

kʷa

HAB=STAT–how

PROX.DMA=now

PTCL

‘ “They do come here, though.’ 63 ƛ’u il t(i) ad ə ə təd ƛ’u= il

ti

ad– ə – ə təd

HAB=arrive

SPEC

2SG.PO–DSTR–brother.in.law

‘ “Your brothers-in-law do arrive.” ’ 64

uˑ gʷəxʷcutəb ti ə luƛ’ u INTJ

gʷə=dxʷ–cut–ab

ti ə

luƛ’

SBJ=CTD–say–DSD

PROX

old

‘Oh, the old man must think,’ 65 gʷəƛ’u iləltəb kʷəda tsi ə

ə ti alšs əda u ə əd

gʷə=ƛ’u= il–əl–t–b

kʷəda

tsi ə

SBJ=HAB=DIM.EFF–give.food–ICS–PASS

PTCL

PROX:FEM

alš–s

əda

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

1SG.COORD

ə PR

u= ə əd IRR=feed.on

‘ “She might be given a little food by her brothers and I will eat.” ’ 66

ʷul’ ləstab kʷi s ušəbabdxʷ ʷul’ only

ləs–taba

kʷi

s ušəbabdxʷ

PROG.STAT–do

REM

poor.guy

‘That is all the poor fellow does.’ 67 gʷəl bə u ʷ gʷəl

bə= u ʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go

‘And he goes again.’

ti SPEC

82

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

68 bəp’ayəq bə=p’ayəq ADD=hew

‘He carves some more canoes.’ 69

up’ayəq al kʷədi u–p’ayəq PFV–hew

al

ad lila ad kʷədi

at

ad

REM.DMA

lil•a ad

where

far•side

‘He makes canoes way off somewhere on the far side.’ 70

iˑ i INTJ

‘So.’ 71 bə iltxʷyitəb ə ti ə

alalš ə ti ə s ə əd ƛ’ushuys kʷi ƛ’usq’ʷəlds əlgʷə

bə= il–txʷ–yi–t–b

ə

ADD=arrive–ECS–DAT–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

al–alš

PROX

PL–cross.sex.sibling

ə PR

ti ə PROX

s ə əd

ƛ’u=s=huyu=s

kʷi

ƛ’u=s=q’ʷəl–t=s

əlgʷə

food

HAB=NM=made=3PO

REM

HAB=NM=cooked–ICS=3PO

PL

‘Again she is brought food by her brothers when they have finished cooking it.’ 72 ləshuy ləs–huyu PROG.STAT–made

‘It is ready.’ 73 bəkʷəd ad kʷi a s bə=kʷəda–t

kʷi

ADD=taken–ICS

REM

a –s platter–3PO

‘Again she takes her platter.’ 74 gʷəl bə u ʷtub gʷəl

bə= u ʷ–txʷ–b

SCONJ

ADD=go–ECS–PASS

‘And she takes it again.’ 75 cilitəb cili–t–b supported–ICS–PASS ‘It is served up.’

Martha Williams Lamont

83

76 qa ti ə ƛ’us iltəbs əlgʷə qa

ti ə

ƛ’u=s= il–t–b=s

əlgʷə

many

PROX

HAB=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

‘The food they are given is a lot.’ 77 day’əxʷ (h)a day’=axʷ

ha

uniquely=now

good

‘It is very good.’ 78

əsq’ʷəl i ti ə cədi tul’ a kʷ sup’qs i

as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked

CONJ

ti ə

cədi

tul’– a kʷ

sup’qs

PROX

s/he

CNTRFG–seaward

hair.seal

‘It is cooked together with hair seal from the sea.’ 79 stab stab what ‘What is it?’ 80

əbil’ di ti i bəstab əbil’ perhaps

di

ti i

bə=stab

FOC

DIST

ADD=what

‘Perhaps that is it again.’ 81 di ƛ’us iltəbs di

ƛ’u=s= il–t–b=s

FOC

HAB=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘That is always given to them.’ 82 gʷəl (h)uy wəli ƛ’uwaw’əxʷ gʷəl

huy

wəli

ƛ’u=waw’əxʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

without.hesitation

HAB=join.in.eating

‘And so she always starts eating right away.’ 83

uˑ ƛ’uc’qʷib u ti i s ušəbabdxʷ stab sgʷəlub u INTJ

ƛ’u=c’qʷib HAB=share.in

u

ti i

s ušəbabdxʷ

stab

sgʷəlub

INT

DIST

poor.guy

what

pheasant

‘Oh, is the poor guy, whatshisname?, Pheasant, ever able to share in it?’

84

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

84 hay gʷəl bə il sixʷ ti i cədi hay

gʷəl

bə= il

sixʷ

ti i

cədi

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=arrive

PTCL

DIST

s/he

‘So then, he (Pheasant) arrives again.’ 85 gʷəl bəwiliq’ʷ gʷəl

bə=wiliq’ʷ

SCONJ

ADD=ask

‘And again he asks,’ 86

u ə id u– ə id PFV–what.happen

‘ “What happened?’ 87 ƛ’u il u ti i ad alalš ƛ’u= il HAB=arrive

u

ti i

ad– al–alš

INT

DIST

2SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling

‘ “Do your brothers arrive?” ’ 88 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 89 ƛ’u il si ab ƛ’u= il

si ab

HAB=arrive

noble

‘ “They arrived, sir.” ’ 90 tu ʷ (h)uy xʷi gʷəstab gʷəƛ’usəsaydxʷ ə tu ʷ

huy

xʷi

gʷə=stab

gʷə=ƛ’u=s= as–hay–dxʷ

just

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=what

SBJ=HAB=NM=STAT–known–DC

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “But there is nothing much we know about them.’ 91 putəxʷ əsyubil ti ə adbədbəda putəxʷ put=axʷ really=now

as–yubil STAT–starve

ti ə

ad–bəd–bəda

put=axʷ

PROX

2SG.PO–DSTR–offspring

really=now

‘ “Your children are surely starving.’

Martha Williams Lamont

92

85

s tab kʷi gʷəƛ’us ə id ə stab

kʷi

gʷə=ƛ’u=s= ə id

what

REM

SBJ=HAB=NM=what.happen

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “What can we do?” ’ 93 gʷaˑ ƛ’ulək’ʷəd ti ə ƛ’u iltub ha

s ə əd

gʷa

ƛ’u= u–lək’ʷ–t

ti ə

ƛ’u= il–txʷ–b

ha

s ə əd

INTJ

HAB=PFV–eaten–ICS

PROX

HAB=arrive–ECS–PASS

good

food

‘But they always eat the good food that is brought.’ 94 ƛ’ulək’ʷtəb ə tsi ə s adəy ƛ’u=lək’ʷ–t–b

ə

HAB=eaten–ICS–PASS

PR

i ti ə bibədbəda s tsi ə

s adəy

PROX:FEM

woman

i

ti ə

CONJ

PROX

bi–bəd–bəda –s ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘It is always eaten by the woman and her children.’ 95 huy ƛ’uhuy pədi ədəxʷ ə kʷi stab uxʷ i əs ləšudub ti i huy SCONJ

ƛ’u=huyu

pəd•i –t=axʷ

HAB=made

buried•covering–ICS=now

u=xʷi =as IRR=NEG=3SBRD

ə PR

lə=šu –dxʷ–b

ti i

PROG=see–DC–PASS

DIST

kʷi

stab

REM

what

‘Then she always gets them covered with dirt so that it is not seen.’ 96 put əsp’əl ʷi ti ə wiw’su put really

as–p’əl ʷ•i STAT–dusty•covering

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘These children are all covered in dust.’ 97 gʷəl xʷi kʷi stab su ə əds gʷəl

xʷi

kʷi

stab

s= u– ə əd=s

SCONJ

NEG

REM

what

NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘And what they had eaten was gone.’ 98 huy iciləxʷ ti ə cədi stubš huy SCONJ

icil=axʷ angry=now

ti ə

cədi

stubš

PROX

s/he

man

‘Then this man is angry.’

86

99

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

iciləxʷ icil=axʷ angry=now ‘He is angry.’

100 dukʷtxʷəxʷ ti ə

ə ə təds

dukʷu–txʷ=axʷ

ti ə

abnormal–ECS=now

PROX

ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO

‘He is angry with his in-laws.’ 101

iciləxʷ ti ə dxʷsp’ayəq icil=axʷ angry=now

ti ə

dxʷs–p’ayəq

PROX

PROC–hew

‘The canoe-maker is angry.’ 102 stabəxʷ kʷi səshuy ə kʷi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi stab=axʷ

kʷi

s= as–huyu

what=now

REM

NM=STAT–made

ə PR

kʷi

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi

REM

PROC–DSTR–hunt

‘ “What are the hunters doing?’ 103 xʷi ləgʷədəxʷ i əd s xʷi

lə=gʷə=dəxʷ= i– ə əd=s

NEG

NEGP=SBJ=ADNM=ATTN–feed.on=3PO

‘ “There is not a bite to eat.” ’ 104

dxʷ cutəbəxʷ ti ə cədi ab ə s dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

CTD–say–DSD=now

PROX

s/he

u= as–bəs– ə –s IRR=STAT–PROP–mind–3PO

‘He is on the verge of thinking,’ 105 ƛ’ubəxʷ əd up’ayəqəxʷ ə kʷi sup’qs ƛ’ub=axʷ

əd

well=now

1SG.SUB

u=p’ayəq=axʷ

ə

IRR=hew=now

PR

kʷi

sup’qs

REM

hair.seal

‘ “I should hew out a hair seal.’ 106 yə i di sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə ti i sup’qs yə i

di

sxʷi xʷi –s

əlgʷə

ti i

sup’qs

because

FOC

game–3PO

PL

DIST

hair.seal

‘ “Because that very hair seal is their game.’

Martha Williams Lamont

107 di sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə

87

i ti i qʷsyu

di

sxʷi xʷi –s

əlgʷə

FOC

game–3PO

PL

i CONJ

ti i

qʷsyu

DIST

porpoise

‘ “That, and porpoise, is their game.” ’ 108 di ƛ’usucacq’s əlgʷə di

ƛ’u=s= u–ca–cq’=s

əlgʷə

FOC

HAB=NM=PFV–ATTN–impaled=3PO

PL

‘That is what they would spear.’ 109 sup’qsəxʷ ti i usp’ayəqs sup’qs=axʷ

ti i

hair.seal=now

DIST

u=s=p’ayəq=s IRR=NM=hew=3PO

‘What he will hew is a hair seal.’ 110

u ʷəxʷ ti i luƛ’ u ʷ=axʷ ti i go=now

DIST

luƛ’ old

‘The old man goes.’ 111 gʷəl (h)uy p’ayəqəxʷ al kʷi di a ad gʷəl

huy

p’ayəq=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

hew=now

al at

kʷi

di •a ad

REM

other.side•side

‘And then he carves there on the other side.’ 112

iˑ i INTJ

‘So.’ 113 xʷi gʷəsyəcəbtxʷs tsi ə

əgʷas

xʷi

gʷə=s=yəc–b–txʷ=s

tsi ə

NEG

SBJ=NM=report–MD–ECS=3PO

PROX:FEM

‘He does not tell his wife.’ 114 p’ayəqəxʷ p’ayəq=axʷ hew=now ‘He carves.’

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

88

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

115 hay gʷəl hay gʷəl huy kʷi stabs hay

gʷəl

hay

gʷəl

huyu

kʷi

stab–s

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

made

REM

what–3PO

‘And so, and so, he makes his thing.’ 116 gʷəl

il

gʷəl

il

SCONJ

arrive

‘And he arrives.’ 117 xʷi sixʷ gʷəs iltəbs xʷi

sixʷ

gʷə=s= il–t–b=s

NEG

PTCL

SBJ=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘Again he is not given any food.’ 118 xʷi

kʷi gʷat tu iligʷəd ti i

xʷi

kʷi

gʷat

tu= u– il•igʷəd

ti i

NEG

REM

who

PAST=PFV–give.food•inside.body

DIST

‘No one was generous to him with food.’ 119 tu ʷ (h)uy ʷul’ ƛ’ulək’ʷəd tu ʷ huy just

SCONJ

ʷul’ only

ƛ’u= u–lək’ʷ–t HAB=PFV–eaten–ICS

‘Instead she always just eats it.’ 120 hay ahəxʷ ʷul’ əxʷcutəb hay SCONJ

a=axʷ

ʷul’

be.there=now

only

as–dxʷ–cut–ab STAT–CTD–say–DSD

‘So he simply thinks,’ 121 ƛ’ub əs ista ƛ’ub well

as– ista STAT–be.like

‘ “So be it.” ’ 122 hay huy bə u ʷc ti i sp’ayəqs hay

huy

bə= u ʷ–c

ti i

s=p’ayəq=s

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=go–ALTV

DIST

NM=hew=3PO

‘So, then he goes back to his carving.’

Martha Williams Lamont

123 ƛ’up’a ad ti ə

89

s p’ayəqs sup’qs ti ə suhuyalikʷs

ƛ’u=p’a a–t

ti ə

s=p’ayəq=s

sup’qs

ti ə

s= u–huyu–alikʷ=s

HAB=try–ICS

PROX

NM=hew=3PO

hair.seal

PROX

NM=PFV–made–ACT=3PO

‘He tries out his hair-seal carving that he was making.’ 124

uhuyud sup’ayəqs u–huyu–t

s= u–p’ayəq=s

PFV–made–ICS

NM=PFV–hew=3PO

‘He made his carving.’ 125 dᶻəgʷa dxʷsp’ayəq ti ə cədi luƛ’ dᶻəgʷa dxʷs–p’ayəq ti ə cədi expert

PROC–hew

luƛ’

s/he

PROX

old

‘This old man is a skilled carver.’ 126 ƛ’uhilidəxʷ ti ə sup’qs uƛ’ubəs uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut ƛ’u=hili–t=axʷ

ti ə

sup’qs

u=ƛ’ub=as

HAB=command–ICS=now

PROX

hair.seal

IRR=well=3SBRD

u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL

‘He always tells the seal that it should bend itself part way back over and over.’ 127

ʷul’ab ə kʷi ƛ’ubəsəshuys ʷul’ab ə ti i hikʷ ’ƛ’a

al ti ’ƛ’a

al kʷi ’ƛ’a

əsp’il.

ʷul’ab

ə

same.way

PR

kʷi

water

ƛ’u=bə=s= as–huyu=s HAB=ADD=NM=STAT–made=3PO

REM

al qʷu at

al qʷu

al at

ti

’ƛ’a stone

SPEC

al kʷi at

REM

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

same.way

PR

DIST

’ƛ’a

hikʷ

’ƛ’a

as–p’il

stone

big

stone

STAT–flat

‘Just as it would do, just as in the water on a rock, on a rock, a big flat rock.’ 128 huy t’agʷtədəxʷ a huy

t’agʷt–t=axʷ

SCONJ

on.top–ICS=now

a be.there

‘Then he puts it on top there.’ 129 huy k’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cutəxʷ ti i

pay

huy

k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut=axʷ

ti i

pay

SCONJ

DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL=now

DIST

cedar

‘Then that red cedar wood repeatedly bends itself part way back.’

90

130

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

əshuytxʷ as–huyu–txʷ STAT–made–ECS

‘He makes it so.’ 131 taˑ

ə ti ti sup’qs

tə truly

ə ‿ti seemingly

ti

sup’qs

SPEC

hair.seal

‘Truly it is similar to a hair seal.’ 132 tu ʷ xʷi u xʷ ləxʷu ələ di səshuys tu ʷ

xʷi

u xʷ

lə=xʷu ələ

di

s= as–huyu=s

just

NEG

PTCL

NEGP=maybe

FOC

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘But it was still not acting quite right.’ 133 bəkʷədad bə=kʷəda–t ADD=taken–ICS

‘He takes it again.’ 134 gʷəl bəp’ayəqbid gʷəl

bə=p’ayəq–bi–t

SCONJ

ADD=hew–MAP–ICS

‘And he carves it again.’ 135

iˑ i INTJ

‘So.’ 136 bəqʷibid bə=qʷibi–t ADD=prepared–ICS

‘He fixes it some more.’ 137 bəhuytxʷ bə=huyu–txʷ ADD=made–ECS

‘He works on it some more.’

Martha Williams Lamont

91

138 gʷəl (h)uy bəqʷibid gʷəl

huy

bə=qʷibi–t

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=prepared–ICS

‘And then he fixes it more.’ 139 gʷəl bə ahəd gʷəl

bə= a–t

SCONJ

ADD=be.there–ICS

‘And he puts it there again.’ 140 k’ʷal ’cut k’ʷal ’–t–sut bend–ICS–REFL ‘It bends itself part way back.’ 141 huy k’ʷalal ’cut huy

k’ʷal–al ’–t–sut

SCONJ

DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL

‘Then it bends itself part way back.’ 142 huy gʷəl ƛ’u flop ə tihəxʷ huy

gʷəl

ƛ’u=flop

SCONJ

SCONJ

HAB=flop

ə ‿ti=axʷ seemingly=now

‘And then it always sort of flops.’ 143 ƛ’udᶻakʷacut ʷul’ab ə ti i … ƛ’u–dᶻakʷa–t–sut HAB=shake–ICS–REFL

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

same.way

PR

DIST

‘It always shakes itself like that ...’ 144 huy gʷəl q’ʷa q’ʷabəxʷ huy

gʷəl

q’ʷa q’ʷa–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

bark.like.seal–MD=now

‘And then it barks.’ 145 q’ʷa q’ʷabəxʷ ti i

ə ti ʷul’ab ə ti i sup’qs

q’ʷa q’ʷa–b=axʷ

ti i

bark.like.seal–MD=now

DIST

‘It sort of barks like a hair seal.’

ə ‿ti seemingly

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

sup’qs

same.way

PR

DIST

hair.seal

92

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

146 q’ʷa q’ʷab q’ʷa q’ʷa–b bark.like.seal–MD ‘It barks.’ 147 q’ʷa q’ʷab ti i cədi sup’qs q’ʷa q’ʷa–b

ti i

cədi

sup’qs

bark.like.seal–MD

DIST

s/he

hair.seal

‘That hair seal barks.’ 148 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 149

əsdukʷ u xʷ ti i q’əyuq’ʷs as–dukʷu STAT–abnormal

u xʷ

ti i

q’əyuq’ʷ–s

PTCL

DIST

throat–3PO

‘Its throat is still not right.’ 150 bəkʷədad bə=kʷəda–t ADD=taken–ICS

‘He takes it again.’ 151 gʷəl bəqʷibid gʷəl

bə=qʷibi–t

SCONJ

ADD=prepared–ICS

‘And he fixes it some more.’ 152 bə u ʷtxʷ bə= u ʷ–txʷ ADD=go–ECS

‘He takes it again.’ 153 bətabəd bə=taba–t ADD=do–ICS

‘He does it again.’

Martha Williams Lamont

93

154 qʷibid qʷibi–t prepared–ICS ‘He fixes it.’ 155

uqʷibid u–qʷibi–t PFV–prepared–ICS

‘He fixes it.’ 156 huy pay huyu

pay

made

cedar

‘It is made out of red cedar.’ 157 gʷəl tu ʷ (h)uy uhuyud aci talbixʷ gʷəl

tu ʷ

huy

SCONJ

just

SCONJ

u–huyu–t PFV–made–ICS

aci talbixʷ people

‘He makes it into people (i.e., a sentient creature).’ 158

uhuyud sup’qs u–huyu–t

sup’qs

PFV–made–ICS

hair.seal

‘He makes it into a hair seal.’ 159

əsƛ’ub uhəli as–ƛ’ub

u=həli

STAT–well

IRR=alive

‘It is well that it be alive.’ 160 hay bə u ʷtxʷ hay

bə= u ʷ–txʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go–ECS

‘So, he takes it again.’ 161 gʷəl bəqʷibid gʷəl

bə=qʷibi–t

SCONJ

ADD=prepared–ICS

‘And he fixes it again.’

94

162

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

ʷəyalqəbəxʷ ti ə cədi luƛ’ ə təd ə ta a dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi

alalš ə tsi ə

s adəy ʷəyalqəb=axʷ plot.to.kill=now

ti ə

cədi

luƛ’

PROX

s/he

old

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi PROC–DSTR–hunt

ə təd

ə

ta a

in.law PR

al–alš

ə

PL–cross.sex.sibling

PR

DIST:UNQ.DMA

tsi ə

s adəy

PROX:FEM

woman

‘This old brother-in-law to those very hunters, the brothers of his wife, plans to kill them.’ 163 huy gʷəl bə u ʷtxʷ ti ə sup’qs huy

gʷəl

bə= u ʷ–txʷ

ti ə

sup’qs

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=go–ECS

PROX

hair.seal

‘So then he takes the hair seal.’ 164 gʷəl bəcuuc gʷəl

bə=cut–c

SCONJ

ADD=say–ALTV

‘And he tells it again,’ 165 hay q’ʷa q’ʷab hay

q’ʷa q’ʷa–b

SCONJ

bark.like.seal–MD

‘ “So bark!’ 166 q’ʷa q’ʷab əxʷ q’ʷa q’ʷa–b

əxʷ

bark.like.seal–MD

2SG.SUB

‘ “You bark.” ’ 167 q’ʷa q’ʷab ti i cədi q’ʷa q’ʷa–b

ti i

cədi

bark.like.seal–MD

DIST

s/he

‘It barked.’ 168 ha

kʷi sq’ʷa q’ʷa s ti həla bəxʷ sup’qs

ha

kʷi

s=q’ʷa q’ʷa =s

ti

həla b=axʷ

sup’qs

good

REM

NM=bark.like.seal=3PO

SPEC

really=now

hair.seal

‘Its genuine hair seal’s bark is nice.’

Martha Williams Lamont

95

169 hay k’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut al ti i stab ’ƛ’a hay

k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut

SCONJ

DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL

al at

ti i

stab

’ƛ’a

DIST

what

stone

‘So, it repeatedly bends itself part way back on that, what is it?, rock.’ 170 huy tababəxʷ ti i cədi sup’qs huy

tab–aba=axʷ

SCONJ

DIM.EFF–do=now

axʷ ti tə həla bəxʷ tə sup’qs

ti i

cədi

sup’qs

DIST

s/he

hair.seal

həla b=axʷ

tə

really=now

truly hair.seal

ə =axʷ‿ti seemingly=now

tə NSPEC

sup’qs

‘Then that hair seal carries on much like a true hair seal.’ 171

u ə idid u– ə idid PFV–DIM.EFF:what.happen

‘How is it acting?’ 172

uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL

‘It repeatedly bends itself part way back.’ 173 hay gʷəl uq’ʷa q’ʷab hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u=q’ʷa q’ʷa–b IRR=bark–MD

‘So then it will bark.’ 174

uq’ʷa q’ʷab ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’usucucut ə kʷ(i) sup’qs i əst’agʷtəs u=q’ʷa q’ʷa–b IRR=bark–MD

sup’qs hair.seal

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

ƛ’u=s= u–cut–cut

same.way

PR

DIST

HAB=NM=PFV–DSTR–say

ə PR

kʷi REM

i – as–t’agʷt=as PRTV–STAT–on.top=3SBRD

‘It will bark the way a hair seal sounds when it is on top (i.e., out of the water).’ 175 hay cuucəxʷ ti ə sup’qs hay

cut–c=axʷ

ti ə

sup’qs

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

PROX

hair.seal

‘So, he says to the hair seal,’

96

176

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ

əxʷ

STAT–well–INCH=now

2SG.SUB

‘ “You are all right now.’ 177

əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ al ti i adəxʷ a əxʷ

as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now

al

2SG.SUB

at

ti i

ad=dəxʷ= a

DIST

2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

‘ “You are all right now where you are.’ 178

u acid əd al ti ə adəxʷ a u= a–t–sid

əd

IRR=be.there–ICS–2SG.OBJ

al ti ə

1SG.SUB

at

ad=dəxʷ= a

PROX

2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

‘ “I will put you where you are.’ 179 dəgʷi sup’qs xʷa ucucut dəgʷi

sup’qs

you

hair.seal

xʷa

u=cut–cut

2SG.COORD

IRR=DSTR–say

‘ “You are a hair seal and you will speak.’ 180

əbil’ əxʷ ušudxʷ ti i uləgʷa ʷ u s əƛ’cbicids ti i s ə ə təd əbil’

əxʷ

perhaps

2SG.SUB

u=šu –dxʷ

ti i

IRR=see–DC

DIST

u=s= əƛ’–c–bicid=s IRR=NM=come–ALTV–2SG.OBJ=3PO

u=lə=gʷa ʷ IRR=PROG=walk

ti i

s ə ə təd

DIST

in.law

‘ “Perhaps you will see some who will be travelling, my in-laws will come after you.’ 181

ulə əƛ’as əlgʷə

ə ti i q’il’bids əlgʷə

u=lə= əƛ’=as

əlgʷə

IRR=PROG=come=3SBRD

u= ista –b IRR=be.like–MD

PL

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

xʷa u istab ə ti i

ə

ti i

q’il’bid–s

əlgʷə

PR

DIST

canoe–3PO

PL

‘ “When they come in their canoe, you will be like this:’ 182

u ’axʷacut u– ’axʷa–t–sut PFV–clubbed–ICS–REFL

‘ “Beat yourself!’

xʷa 2SG.COORD

Martha Williams Lamont

183

97

u ’axʷaxʷacut əxʷ u= ’axʷ–axʷa–t–sut

əxʷ

IRR=DIM.EFF–clubbed–ICS–REFL

2SG.SUB

‘ “You will thrash about.’ 184

uk’ʷalk’ʷal ’cut əxʷ xʷa uq’ʷa q’ʷab u=k’ʷal–k’ʷal ’–t–sut IRR=DSTR–bend–ICS–REFL

əxʷ

xʷa

2SG.SUB

u–q’ʷa q’ʷa–b

2SG.COORD

PFV–bark–MD

‘ “You will keep bending yourself back and you bark.’ 185

uq’ʷa q’ʷab əxʷ ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’usəshuy ə ti i sup’qs u–q’ʷa q’ʷa–b

əxʷ

PFV–bark–MD

2SG.SUB

ti i

sup’qs

DIST

hair.seal

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

ƛ’u=s= as–huyu

same.way

PR

DIST

HAB=NM=STAT–made

ə PR

‘ “You bark the way a hair seal does.’ 186

ulə əƛ’axʷəs əlgʷə

ulə ulu

u=lə= əƛ’=axʷ=as

əlgʷə

IRR=PROG=come=now=3SBRD

u=lə= ulu IRR=PROG=travel.by.water

PL

‘ “When they come, they will be travelling by canoe.’ 187 wəli ƛ’usəsa

li

al ti i ƛ’uq’il’bids sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə xʷi xʷi adads

wəli

ƛ’u=s əsali

without.hesitation

HAB=two:HMN

əlgʷə

xʷi xʷi •adad–s

PL

hunt•power–3PO

al ti i at

DIST

ƛ’u=q’il’bid–s

s=xʷi xʷi =s

HAB=canoe–3PO

NM=hunt=3PO

‘ “Two will appear suddenly in their hunting canoe with their hunting tackle.” ’ 188 huy gʷəl əgʷ axʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

əgʷ =axʷ leave=now

‘And then he leaves it.’ 189 gʷəl cuucəxʷ gʷəl

cut–c=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

‘And he tells it,’

98

190

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ ta a as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ

əxʷ

STAT–well–INCH=now

ta a

2SG.SUB

DIST:UNQ.DMA

‘ “You are fine there.” ’ 191 huy t’uk’ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi stubš luƛ’ huy

t’uk’ʷ=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

stubš

luƛ’

SCONJ

go.home=now

PROX

s/he

man

old

‘Then this man, the old fellow goes home.’ 192 gʷəl ləyəcəbtxʷ ti ə

ə ə təds al tə al al

gʷəl

lə=yəc–b–txʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

PROG=report–MD–ECS

PROX

ə – ə təd–s

al tə

DSTR–in.law–3PO

at

NSPEC

‘And he tells his in-laws at home,’ 193 di ti sxʷi xʷi ləp d ə ə təd ti uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut al ta a əxʷ di

ti

sxʷi xʷi –ləp

d– ə – ə təd

ti

FOC

SPEC

game–2SG.PO

1SG.PO–DSTR–in.law

SPEC

u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut

al

PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL

ta a =axʷ

at

DIST:UNQ.DMA=now

‘ “There is your game, my in-laws, that which bends itself back there.’ 194

’ƛ’a

ista

’ƛ’a

ista

stone

be.like

‘ “It is like a rock.’ 195 t’agʷt ti i sxʷi xʷi ləp t’agʷt

ti i

sxʷi xʷi –ləp

on.top

DIST

game–2SG.PO

‘ “Your game is on top.’ 196

a ti sup’qs al ta a a be.there

ti

sup’qs

SPEC

hair.seal

al at

ta a DIST:UNQ.DMA

‘ “A hair seal is there over on that (rock).” ’ 197

aˑ si ab bədi u u ʷc ə a

si ab

bə=di

INTJ

noble

ADD=FOC

u= u ʷ–c IRR=go–ALTV

‘ “Ah, sir, that too we will go after.’

ə 1PL.SUB

al al house

Martha Williams Lamont

198

a al ti i

uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut

a be.there

99

al

ti i

at

u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL

DIST

‘ “It is there on that, it repeatedly bends itself back.’ 199

əst’agʷt’agʷil al ti i

’ƛ’a al

as–t’agʷ–t’agʷ–il STAT–DSTR–on.top–INCH

at

ti i

’ƛ’a

DIST

stone

‘ “It has climbed onto that rock.” ’ 200 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

əlgʷə PL

‘Then they go.’ 201

u ʷtub ti ə u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS

ti ə PROX

‘They take it.’ 202 xʷac’atəbəxʷ ti ə sdəxʷi xʷac’a–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

sdəxʷi

carry–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

hunting.canoe

‘A hunting canoe is carried.’ 203 gʷəl lə u ʷtub gʷəl

lə= u ʷ–txʷ–b

SCONJ

PROG=go–ECS–PASS

‘And it is taken.’ 204 gʷəl ləbə atəb al ti i qʷu gʷəl

lə=bə a–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=fall–ICS–PASS

al ti i at

DIST

‘And it is set down in the water.’ 205 gʷəl ləq’ilagʷil əlgʷə gʷəl

lə=q’ili–agʷil

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=aboard–AUTO

PL

‘And they get in.’

qʷu water

100

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

206 gʷəl u ʷ dxʷsəsa li dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi

alalš ə tsi ə s adəy

əgʷas ə tə luƛ’

dxʷsp’ayəq gʷəl

u ʷ go

SCONJ

dxʷ–səsa li

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi

CTD–two:HMN

tsi ə

s adəy

PROX:FEM

woman

PROC–DSTR–hunt

əgʷas wife

ə PR

al–alš

ə

PL–cross.sex.sibling

tə

luƛ’

dxʷs–p’ayəq

NSPEC

old

PROC–hew

PR

‘And the two hunters, brothers of the woman, wife of the old canoe maker, go.’ 207

u ʷ tudi tə suk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cuts al tudi u ʷ go

’ƛ’a

tudi

tə

s= u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut=s

DIST.DMA

NSPEC

NM=PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL=3PO

tudi

al at

’ƛ’a

DIST.DMA

stone

‘They go over there where it repeatedly bends itself back on the rock over there.’ 208 k’ʷalk’ʷal ’cut ti i cədi k’ʷal–k’ʷal ’–t–sut

ti i

cədi

DSTR–bend–ICS–REFL

DIST

s/he

‘It repeatedly bends itself back.’ 209

uk’ʷalk’ʷal ’əb uq’ʷa q’ʷab u–k’ʷal–k’ʷal ’–b

u–q’ʷa q’ʷa–b

PFV–DSTR–bend–MD

PFV–bark–MD

‘It repeatedly bends itself back, it barks.’ 210 sup’qs ti i tə sup’qs

ti i

tə

hair.seal

DIST

truly

‘It is a hair seal for certain.’ 211 sxʷi xʷi tə sxʷi xʷi

tə

game

truly

‘It is game for certain.’ 212

u ʷcəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi

PROX

s/he

PROC–DSTR–hunt

‘It is gone after by the hunters.’

Martha Williams Lamont

101

213 tiləbəxʷ uxʷəbagʷiləxʷ dxʷ al qʷu ti i cədi sup’qs tiləb=axʷ

u–xʷəb–agʷil=axʷ

immediately=now cədi

sup’qs

s/he

hair.seal

PFV–thrown–AUTO=now

dxʷ– al

qʷu

ti i

CNTRPT–at

water

DIST

‘Suddenly that hair seal throws itself into the water.’ 214 huy bəƛ’iqiqəxʷ huy

bə=ƛ’iq–iqi=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=DIM.EFF–emerge=now

‘Then it surfaces intermittently.’ 215 huy caq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə caadi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi huy

caq’a–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

impaled–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

caadi

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi

PROX

they

PROC–DSTR–hunt

‘Then it is speared by these hunters.’ 216

abcutəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəscaq’atəbs ab–t–sut=axʷ extend–ICS–REFL=now

dxʷ– al

kʷi

gʷə=s=caq’a–t–b=s

CNTRPT–at

REM

SBJ=NM=impaled–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘It extends itself in order to get speared.’ 217 k’əyi ucaq’atəbəxʷ k’əyi pretend

u=caq’a–t–b=axʷ IRR=impaled–ICS–PASS=now

‘It is pretending so it will be speared.’ 218 hay di i uscaq’atəbs hay

di –i

u=s=caq’a–t–b=s

SCONJ

suddenly–INTNS

IRR=NM=impaled–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘So, suddenly it will be speared.’ 219 hay usaxʷəb dxʷgʷəd hay SCONJ

u=saxʷəb IRR=jump

‘So it will run down.’

dxʷ–gʷəd CNTRPT–down

102

220

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

usaxʷəb

əxʷ dxʷgʷəd

xʷa u u ʷ dxʷ al kʷi adəxʷ u ʷ dxʷlil dxʷ al kʷi

usbə a ad ə tə swatixʷtəd kʷi adəxʷ at ʷ u=saxʷəb

əxʷ

IRR=jump

dxʷ–gʷəd

2SG.SUB

CNTRPT–down

u=ad=dəxʷ= u ʷ IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=go

ə PR

xʷa

u= u ʷ dxʷ– al

2SG.COORD

IRR=go

dxʷ–lil

dxʷ– al

kʷi

CNTRPT–far

CNTRPT–at

REM

tə

swatixʷtəd

kʷi

NSPEC

land

REM

CNTRPT–at

kʷi REM

u=s=bə •a ad IRR=NM=fall•arm

u=ad=dəxʷ= a–t ʷ IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there–ECS

‘ “You will run down and you will go to wherever you may go, far away to the edge of the world, to where you will take them,’ 221 dəgʷi sup’qs dəgʷi sup’qs you

hair.seal

‘ “You, hair seal.” ’ 222 cutəb ə ti ə cədi cut–t–b

u icil

ə

say–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

u– icil PFV–angry

‘It is spoken to by the one who is angry.’ 223 huy huyəxʷ əs ista huy

huyu=axʷ

SCONJ

made=now

as– ista STAT–be.like

‘Then it is done like that.’ 224 caq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə caadi ti i caq’a–t–b=axʷ

ə

impaled–ICS–PASS=now

PR

ucutəb ə tudi luƛ’ sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə ti ə

caadi

ti i

PROX

they

DIST

tudi

luƛ’

sxʷi xʷi –s

əlgʷə

DIST.DMA

old

game–3PO

PL

u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS

ə PR

‘That which yonder old man has told them was their game is speared by them.’ 225 caq’atəbəxʷ ti ə sup’qs caq’a–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

sup’qs

impaled–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

hair.seal

‘The hair seal is speared.’

Martha Williams Lamont

103

226 huy u ʷəxʷ dxʷgʷəd huy

u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

dxʷ–gʷəd

go=now

CNTRPT–down

‘Then it goes down.’ 227

usiləxʷ dxʷgʷəd usil=axʷ

dxʷ–gʷəd

dive=now

CNTRPT–down

‘It dives down.’ 228 gʷəl bə u ʷ gʷəl

bə= u ʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go

‘And it goes on.’ 229 təlawiltub ti ə caadi təlawil–txʷ–b

ti ə

caadi

run–ECS–PASS

PROX

they

‘It runs off with them.’ 230

ʷul’əxʷ ləs aƛ’alap ti ə dii ’u ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ləs– aƛ’alap

ti ə

dii ’u

PROG.STAT–steer.with.paddle

PROX

one:HMN

‘The one (brother) is just steering with a paddle.’ 231 huy u ʷtubəxʷ huy

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

go–ECS–PASS=now

‘Then they are taken.’ 232 ləskʷəd ə ti ə cədi gʷətusgʷa s gʷət’əbi əd ə ti ə cədi dəxʷəscaq’alikʷs sta s əlgʷə ləs–kʷəd

ə

PROG.STAT–taken

PR

gʷə=t’əbi əd

ə

SBJ=rope

PR

ti ə PROX

cədi s/he

gʷə=tu=s=gʷa =s SBJ=PAST=NM=ones.own=3PO

ti ə

cədi

dəxʷ= as–caq’a–alikʷ=s

PROX

s/he

ADNM=STAT–impaled–ACT=3PO

sta –s

əlgʷə

harpoon–3PO

PL

‘They are taken by what must have been the rope for their two-pronged harpoon for spearing.’

104

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

233 saxʷəbtubəxʷ saxʷəb–txʷ–b=axʷ jump–ECS–PASS=now ‘They are run off with.’ 234 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ləƛ’ abcut ti ə cədi gʷəl SCONJ

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

i ilaq

lə=ƛ’ ab–t–sut

ti ə

cədi

PROG=double.over–ICS–REFL

PROX

s/he

i – ilaq PRTV–stern

‘And the one in the stern just doubles over.’ 235 ƛ’iq’a i əxʷ ti ə cədi dxʷsxʷi xʷi ƛ’iq’•a i =axʷ

ti ə

cədi

dxʷs–xʷi xʷi

sticky•hand=now

PROX

s/he

PROC–hunt

‘The hunter’s hands are stuck.’ 236 ƛ’ukʷa ədəxʷ2 ƛ’u=kʷa –t=axʷ HAB=released–ICS=now

‘He would have released it.’ 237 huy ucutəb ə ti ə huy SCONJ

ay’əds

u–cut–t–b

ə

PFV–say–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə PROX

ay’əd–s companion–3PO

‘Then he is spoken to by his companion.’ 238 kʷa ədəxʷ əxʷ kʷa ədəxʷ kʷa –t=axʷ released–ICS=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

kʷa –t=axʷ released–ICS=now

‘ “Let go of it! Let go of it!’ 239

usaxʷəbtub ə dxʷlil u–saxʷəb–txʷ–b PFV–jump–ECS–PASS

ə 1PL.SUB

dxʷ–lil CNTRPT–far

‘ “We are being run off with far away.” ’

__________ 2

The sense of this sentence is probably that the hunter repeatedly made the motion of releasing the rope over and over.

Martha Williams Lamont

105

240 ƛ’ukʷa əd ƛ’u=kʷa –t HAB=released–ICS

‘He would have released it.’ 241 xʷi əxʷ gʷəskʷa dxʷs xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s=kʷa –dxʷ=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=released–DC=3PO

‘He could not manage to let go of it.’ 242 xʷiˑ əxʷ gʷəskʷa dxʷs xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s=kʷa –dxʷ=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=released–DC=3PO

‘He could not manage to let go of it.’ 243 huy uƛ’iq’a i əxʷ al ti ə səxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə t’əbi əd ə ta a cədi huy

u–ƛ’iq’•a i =axʷ

al ti ə

PFV–sticky•hand=now

SCONJ

ə PR

ta a

cədi

DIST:UNQ.DMA

s/he

at

PROX

səxʷ–xʷi xʷi =s

əlgʷə

t’əbi əd

INSTR–hunt=3PO

PL

rope

‘Then his hands are stuck to their hunting tackle, the rope on that (hair seal).’ 244 xʷi əxʷ gʷəskʷa dxʷs xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s=kʷa –dxʷ=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=released–DC=3PO

‘He could not manage to let go of it.’ 245

uƛ’iq’əxʷ al ti aləs u–ƛ’iq’=axʷ PFV–sticky=now

al at

ti SPEC

aləs–s hand–3PO

‘It is sticky on his hands.’ 246 huy u ʷtubəxʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now

‘Then they were taken.’ 247

ʷul’əxʷ ləs aƛ’alap ti ə cədi ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ay’əds

ləs– aƛ’alap

ti ə

cədi

PROG.STAT–steer.with.paddle

PROX

s/he

‘His companion is just steering with a paddle.’

ay’əd–s companion–3PO

106

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

248 ƛ’al’əxʷ ƛ’al’=axʷ also=now ‘More of the same.’ 249

ʷul’əxʷ ə ti bəday’əxʷ gʷəsəshuys ti i s ʷul’səxʷ ləs aƛ’alap ʷul’=axʷ

ə ‿ti

only=now

seemingly

bə=day’=axʷ

gʷə=s= as–huyu=s

ti i

ADD=uniquely=now

SBJ=NM=STAT–made=3PO

DIST

s= ʷul’=s=axʷ

ləs– aƛ’alap

NM=only=3PO=now

PROG.STAT–steer.with.paddle

‘All it seems he can do is just steer with the paddle.’ 250 huy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

go–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘Then they are taken.’ 251 gʷəl huy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

go–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘And then they are taken.’ 252 gʷəl (h)uy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

əlgʷə

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘And then they are taken.’ 253 ƛ’u usil ƛ’u= usil HAB=dive

‘It always dives.’ 254 gʷəl ubə uˑ ʷ ti ə cədi ti sup’qs gʷəl SCONJ

u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go

ti ə

cədi

ti

sup’qs

PROX

s/he

SPEC

hair.seal

‘And this, the hair seal, will go some more.’ 255 gʷəl ubə u ʷ al kʷi ad gʷəl SCONJ

u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go

al at

kʷi REM

ad where

‘And it will go on toward somewhere.’

Martha Williams Lamont

107

256 huy u u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy

u– u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

əlgʷə

PFV–go–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘Then they are taken.’ 257 gʷəl qʷšaabəxʷ ti swatixʷtəd gʷəl

qʷšaab=axʷ

ti

swatixʷtəd

SCONJ

foggy=now

SPEC

land

‘And the world becomes foggy.’ 258 ƛ’asha ləb yu ti ə swatixʷtəd ƛ’u= as–ha –b

yu

ti ə

swatixʷtəd

HAB=STAT–good–MD

good

PROX

land

‘This world usually has really nice weather.’ 259 qʷšaaˑbəxʷ qʷšaab=axʷ foggy=now ‘It is foggy now.’ 260

uqʷšaabəxʷ u–qʷšaab=axʷ PFV–foggy=now

‘It has become foggy.’ 261 huy u ʷtubəxʷ huy

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

go–ECS–PASS=now

‘Then they are taken.’ 262 qaˑ slə il kʷi tusaxʷəbtubs əlgʷə qa

slə il

many daylight

ə ti ə sup’qs

kʷi

tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

REM

PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO

PL

sup’qs hair.seal ‘For many days they are run off with by the hair seal.’ 263

əsqʷšaaˑb as–qʷšaab STAT–foggy

‘It is foggy.’

ə PR

ti ə PROX

108

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

264 xʷi əxʷ kʷi stabəxʷ gʷəƛ’ašudxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ aˑl kʷədi tuk’ʷidə dat xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

stab=axʷ

gʷə=ƛ’u= as–šu –dxʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

NEG=now

REM

what=now

SBJ=HAB=STAT–see–DC

PL

CNTRPT–at

kʷədi

tu=k’ʷid•ə •dat

REM.DMA

PAST=how.many•CLS•day

‘They could not see anything for many days.’ 265 xʷu ələ

əs ə id cəlac slə il kʷədi tusaxʷəbtubs

xʷu ələ

as– ə id

maybe

STAT–what.happen

cəlac

slə il

kʷədi

five

daylight

REM.DMA

tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘Maybe it was five days that they were run off with.’ 266 hay gʷəl tasp’ədiltub hay

gʷəl

tu= as–p’ədil–txʷ–b

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=STAT–drift.ashore–ECS–PASS

‘And so they were run aground.’ 267

əs a kʷ əlgʷə kʷi səsgʷəƛ’əltubs əlgʷə as– a kʷ STAT–seaward

ə ti ə cədi ləsaxʷəbtxʷ

əlgʷə

kʷi

s= as–gʷəƛ’əla–txʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

PL

REM

NM=STAT–stopped–ECS–PASS=3PO

PL

ti ə

cədi

lə=saxʷəb–txʷ

PROX

s/he

PROG=jump–ECS

ə PR

‘Where they are stranded by this kidnapping is out at sea.’ 268 di əxʷ ə ti sli lil ə ti ə sqʷšaab di =axʷ suddenly=now

ə ‿ti

s=li –lil

seemingly

ə

NM=ATTN–far

PR

ti ə

s=qʷšaab

PROX

NM=foggy

‘Suddenly the fog sort of goes away.’ 269

uwəli iləxʷ s tab hiˑkʷ əw’ə pay’ac ti ə ləsaxʷəbtxʷ əlgʷə u–wəli –il=axʷ PFV–visible–INCH=now

stab

hikʷ

əw’ə

pay’•ac

what

big

PTCL

cedar•tree

lə=saxʷəb–txʷ

əlgʷə

PROG=jump–ECS

PL

ti ə PROX

‘That which had run off with them appears as something, as a big red cedar tree.’

Martha Williams Lamont

270

əsp’uˑsəbəxʷ ti i

109

pay’ac

as–p’usəb=axʷ

ti i

pay’•ac

STAT–float=now

DIST

cedar•tree

‘The red cedar tree is floating.’ 271

əsqaˑ s ’as ’ast as–qa

s ’as– ’ast

STAT–many

DSTR–branch

‘It has lots of branches.’ 272 put ik’ʷ sa put

ik’ʷ

really

ugly

sa bad

‘It is very ugly and bad.’ 273 saˑ s pay’ac sa

s= pay’•ac

bad

NM=cedar•tree

‘It is a bad red cedar tree.’ 274 taˑ tusaxʷəbtxʷ əlgʷə tə

tu=saxʷəb–txʷ

əlgʷə

truly

PAST=jump–ECS

PL

‘Truly it had run off with them.’ 275

udukʷud u–dukʷu–t PFV–abnormal–ICS

‘It has put a spell on them.’ 276

aləxʷ kʷədi liˑl di i lil sbə a ad ə ti i swatixʷtəd ti i s ahildubs əlgʷə al=axʷ at=now

kʷədi

lil

di i

lil

s=bə a ad

REM.DMA

far

yonder

far

NM=far.edge

ti i

s= a–il–dxʷ=s

əlgʷə

DIST

NM=be.there–INCH–DC=3PO

PL

ə

ti i

swatixʷtəd

PR

DIST

land

‘At a great distance, a long way away at the edge of the world, they were placed.’ 277 ləli swatixʷtəd ləli

swatixʷtəd

different

land

‘It is a different world.’

110

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

278 ləli ləli different ‘It is different.’ 279 huy gʷəl cutəxʷ əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

cut=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

say=now

PL

‘And then they say,’ 280

as aləxʷ kʷi ushuy ə u= as– al=axʷ

kʷi

IRR=STAT–how=now

u=s=huyu

REM

ə

IRR=NM=made

1PL.PO

‘ “What will we do?” ’ 281

ahəxʷ əlgʷə

al kʷədi dəxʷ ə tis əlgʷə dəxʷt’agʷts əlgʷə

al ti ə cədi

swatixʷtəd a=axʷ

əlgʷə

be.there=now

al kʷədi at

PL

REM.DMA

dəxʷ=t’agʷt=s

əlgʷə

ADNM=on.top=3PO

PL

dəxʷ= ə ‿ti=s

əlgʷə

ADNM=seemingly=3PO

PL

al ti ə at

PROX

cədi

swatixʷtəd

s/he

land

‘They are there at that (place) where it seems they are on top of the world.’ 282 swatixʷtəd gʷəl tu ʷ put ə ti əsbə ʷubad swatixʷtəd gʷəl

tu ʷ

put

land

just

really

SCONJ

ə ‿ti seemingly

əsbə ʷubəd [??]

‘It is a world but it was sort of quite ʔəsbə ʷubad.’ 283 ləli swatixʷtəd ti ə dəxʷ ildubs ləli

swatixʷtəd

ti ə

dəxʷ= il–dxʷ–b=s

different

land

PROX

ADNM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO

‘Where they have been taken is a different world.’ 284

aləxʷ kʷi tust’aq’ts tuscutsəxʷ əlgʷə al=axʷ at=now

kʷi

tu=s=t’aq’t=s

tu=s=cut=s=axʷ

əlgʷə

REM

PAST=NM=inland=3PO

PAST=NM=say=3PO=now

PL

‘They spoke at (this place) they had been put on,’

Martha Williams Lamont

285

111

u ubəhəxʷ u= ubə=həxʷ IRR=go.inland=now

‘ “Go up from shore now!” ’ 286

ubə ubə go.inland ‘They go up.’

287 xʷacadəxʷ əlgʷə tsi ə tsi ə sxʷi xʷi ad ad s əlgʷə q’il’bids əlgʷə xʷaca–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

tsi ə

tsi ə

s=xʷi xʷi •adad=s

carry–ICS=now

PL

PROX:FEM

PROX:FEM

NM=hunt•spirit.power=3PO

əlgʷə

q’il’bid–s

əlgʷə

PL

canoe–3PO

PL

‘They carry it, their hunting gear and their canoe.’ 288 gʷəl lə ubətxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

lə= ubə–txʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=go.inland–ECS

PL

‘And they take it inland.’ 289 gʷəl lə adᶻil t’aq’təxʷ gʷəl

lə= ac–il

t’aq’t=axʷ

SCONJ

PROG=hidden–INCH

inland=now

‘And they hide up inland.’ 290 cick’ʷəxʷ əlgʷə ləsxʷak’ʷiləxʷ cick’ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

ləs–xʷak’ʷil=axʷ

very=now

PL

PROG.STAT–tired=now

‘They are very tired.’ 291 huy ahəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

al ti i

a=axʷ be.there=now

əlgʷə

al at

PL

ti i DIST

‘Then there they are in that (place).’ 292 gʷəl ə ə əxʷ ə ti ə caadi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi ləgʷləgʷəb gʷəl SCONJ

ə –ə =axʷ DIM.EFF–sick=now

ə mind

ti ə

caadi

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi

PROX

they

PROC–DSTR–hunt

112

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

ləgʷ–ləgʷəb DSTR–youth

‘And these young hunters are worried.’ 293

as al kʷi ushuys əlgʷə u= as– al

kʷi

IRR=STAT–how

u=s=huyu=s

əlgʷə

IRR=NM=made=3PO

REM

PL

‘What will they do?’ 294

ad swatixʷtəd ti ə dəxʷ atubs ad where

swatixʷtəd

ti ə

dəxʷ= a–txʷ–b=s

land

PROX

ADNM=be.there–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘Where in the world had they been put?’ 295

adᶻiləxʷ əlgʷə ac–il=axʷ

əlgʷə

hidden–INCH=now

PL

‘They hide.’ 296 di kʷi gʷəs as kʷi lə ə id di

kʷi

gʷə=s= a=s

kʷi

lə= ə id

FOC

REM

SBJ=NM=be.there=3PO

REM

PROG=what.happen

‘That is in case something happens.’ 297 tə di tə

kʷi sdᶻalqs ə ti i hiˑkʷ ə ut s lə əƛ’ di kʷi s=dᶻal•qs ə ti i

truly suddenly

NM=turn•nose

REM

PR

DIST

hikʷ big

ə ut s Nootka.canoe

lə= əƛ’ PROG=come

‘Indeed, the rounding the point of a big Nootkastyle canoe that is coming is sudden.’ 298 hikʷ q’il’bid tudi lə əƛ’ hikʷ

q’il’bid

tudi

lə= əƛ’

big

canoe

DIST.DMA

PROG=come

‘What is coming there is a big canoe.’ 299 gʷəl ə ti ’a ’as ti i lə ulu gʷəl SCONJ

ə ‿ti seemingly

’a ’as ti i child

DIST

lə= ulu PROG=travel.by.water

‘And the one who is travelling by water seems to be a child.’

Martha Williams Lamont

300

113

i ilaq i – ilaq PRTV–stern

‘He is toward the stern.’ 301 lə ulu lə= ulu PROG=travel.by.water

‘He is canoeing.’ 302 lə əƛ’ lə= əƛ’ PROG=come

‘He is coming.’ 303 tudi

u əƛ’ u– əƛ’

tudi DIST.DMA

PFV–come

‘Yonder he comes.’ 304

udᶻalqs u–dᶻal•qs PFV–turn•nose

‘He rounds the point.’ 305

əˑƛ’ ti i cədi əƛ’

ti i

cədi

come

DIST

s/he

‘He comes.’ 306

ahəxʷ əlgʷə a=axʷ be.there=now

əlgʷə PL

‘There they are.’ 307

əs adᶻil al ti i qʷ qʷ ay as– ac–il STAT–hidden–INCH

al at

ti i

qʷ qʷ ay

DIST

thicket

‘They are hiding in the thickets.’

114

308

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

aƛ’ log s tab tə ƛ’usda a təbs dᶻək’ʷalu aƛ’

log

brush log

stab

tə

ƛ’u=s=da a–t–b=s

dᶻək’ʷalu

what

NSPEC

HAB=NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO

driftwood

‘A brushy place, logs – what was it called? – driftwood.’ 309 dᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷalu ti i səs adᶻils əlgʷə bək’ʷ tsi ə q’il’bids əlgʷə dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷalu ti i s= as– ac–il=s əlgʷə bək’ʷ tsi ə DSTR–driftwood

DIST

q’il’bids

əlgʷə

canoe

PL

NM=STAT–hidden–INCH=3PO

PL

all

PROX:FEM

‘Where they hide with their canoe is in the driftwood.’ 310 hay əƛ’axʷ hay

əƛ’=axʷ come=now

SCONJ

‘So he comes.’ 311 gʷəl ləgʷəƛ’əlaˑd gʷəl

lə=gʷəƛ’əla–t

SCONJ

PROG=stopped–ICS

‘And he stops.’ 312

al ti i

a kʷbids əlgʷə tusgʷəƛ’əlad ə ti i

al ti i at

a kʷ–bid–s seaward–RLNL–3PO

DIST

əlgʷə

tu=s=gʷəƛ’əla–t

PL

PAST=NM=stopped–ICS

‘To the waterside of them he stopped.’ 313

’a ’as ti i ’a ’as child

ti i DIST

‘He is a child.’ 314 hikʷ q’il’bid ti ə dəxʷu ulu s hikʷ

q’il’bid

ti ə

dəxʷ= u– ulu =s

big

canoe

PROX

ADNM=PFV–travel.by.water=3PO

‘What he travels in is a big canoe.’ 315 tu ʷ bə ’a ’as tu ʷ

bə= ’a ’as

just

ADD=child

‘He is still just a child.’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

316

115

a gʷəl ahəxʷ kʷi sgʷəƛ’əlad ə ti ə cədi a

gʷəl

INTJ

a=axʷ be.there=now

SCONJ

kʷi

s=gʷəƛ’əla–t

REM

NM=stopped–ICS

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

’a ’as

al

‘And then there he stops.’ 317

ə ti uba scut əs al kʷədi səshuys u–ba s–t–sut

ə ‿ti seemingly

as– al

PFV–stationary–ICS–REFL

kʷədi

STAT–how

REM.DMA

s= as–huyu=s NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘He seems to be stationary, whatever he is doing.’ 318 gʷəƛ’əlad a gʷəƛ’əla–t

a

stopped–ICS be.there ‘He stops there.’ 319 hay a u əy ista ti ə cədi ti ’a ’as al ti a kʷbids əlgʷə hay

a

u– əy– ista

be.there

SCONJ

PFV–RDP–be.like

a kʷ–bid–s

ti ə

cədi

ti

PROX

s/he

SPEC

child

at

əlgʷə

seaward–RLNL–3PO

PL

‘So he, the child, is like this there to the waterside of them:’ 320 di əxʷ kʷi s u ʷs s usilsəxʷ di =axʷ

kʷi

s= u ʷ=s

s= usil=s=axʷ

FOC=now

REM

NM=go=3PO

NM=dive=3PO=now

‘He goes, he dives.’ 321

uˑsil usil dive ‘He dives.’

322 haw’ u ə id ə til’ i ti al ti ə haw’ hey

u= ə id IRR=what.happen

ə PR

u usil til’ i

ti

later.on

SPEC

al ti ə at

‘Oh, what will happen presently to the one who dove?’

PROX

u– usil PFV–dive

ti SPEC

116

323

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə ʷul’=axʷ

əsgʷəƛ’əlad

əlgʷə

only=now

as–gʷəƛ’əla–t STAT–stopped–ICS

PL

‘They just stay still.’ 324

ʷul’ ə as i iyəqcut ʷul’

ə

only

u= as– i iyəqcut

1PL.SUB

IRR=STAT–keep.quiet

‘ “We will just keep quiet.” ’ 325 di kʷi sƛ’iq ə ti i

’a ’as

di

kʷi

s=ƛ’iq

FOC

REM

NM=emerge

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

’a ’as child

‘There is the child emerging.’ 326 yəl’yəla i

ə ti ə cədi s ut əw’ə ti ə suxʷi xʷi s

yəl’–yəl•a i

ə PR

DSTR–both•hand

ti ə

cədi

s ut

əw’ə

ti ə

PROX

s/he

halibut

PTCL

PROX

s= u–xʷi xʷi =s NM=PFV–hunt=3PO

‘In each of his hands is a halibut, that is what he hunted.’ 327 gʷəl q’ilid ti ə s ut gʷəl

q’ili–t

ti ə

s ut

SCONJ

aboard–ICS

PROX

halibut

‘And he puts the halibut into the canoe.’ 328 xʷəbəd xʷəb–t thrown–ICS ‘He throws them in.’ 329 sali ti i

əskʷədad

sali

ti i

two

DIST

as–kʷəda–t STAT–taken–ICS

‘What he has caught are two.’ 330 hay ʷul’ u is istab hay SCONJ

ʷul’ only

u– is– ista –b PFV–DSTR–be.like–MD

‘That is just what he is doing.’

Martha Williams Lamont

331 huy gʷəl bə usil ti i cədi

117

’a ’as

huy

gʷəl

bə= usil

ti i

cədi

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=dive

DIST

s/he

’a ’as child

‘And then that child dives again.’ 332 bə usil bə= usil ADD=dive

‘He dives again.’ 333

uxʷi xʷi haw’ə u–xʷi xʷi

ə ti i s ut

haw’ə

PFV–hunt

PTCL

ə

ti i

s ut

PR

DIST

halibut

‘He’s fishing for halibut.’ 334 xʷu ələ ƛ’uxʷi xʷi ti ə

a kʷbid ə

xʷu ələ

ƛ’u= u–xʷi xʷi

ti ə

maybe

HAB=PFV–hunt

PROX

a kʷ–bid seaward–RLNL

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “I guess he fishes to the waterside of us.’ 335 xʷu ələ

əs ə id kʷi sgʷəšəbads

xʷu ələ maybe

as– ə id STAT–what.happen

kʷi

s=gʷəšəbad=s

REM

NM=disappear=3PO

‘ “How long, I wonder, will he disappear for?” ’ 336 di kʷi bəsƛ’iqs di

kʷi

bə=s=ƛ’iq=s

FOC

REM

ADD=NM=emerge=3PO

‘He emerged again.’ 337 bəkʷədad ti i sxʷi xʷi s bə=kʷəda–t

ti i

sxʷi xʷi –s

ADD=taken–ICS

DIST

game–3PO

‘Again he takes his game.’ 338 bəšəqəd bə=šq–t ADD=high–ICS

‘He lifts them up.’

118

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

339 hikʷ h ikʷ s ut hikʷ–hikʷ

s ut

DSTR–big

halibut

‘They were great big halibut.’ 340 gʷəl bəq’ilid əlgʷə gʷəl

bə=q’ili–t

əlgʷə

SCONJ

ADD=aboard–ICS

PL

‘And he puts them in the canoe again.’ 341 xʷəbtəb ə ti ə cədi ti ə sxʷi xʷi s xʷəb–t–b

ə

thrown–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

cədi

ti ə

sxʷi xʷi –s

PROX

s/he

PROX

game–3PO

‘His game is thrown in by him.’ 342

ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əšuuc

əlgʷə

as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV

PL

‘They just look at it.’ 343

dxʷ cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə

dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ

əlgʷə

CTD–say–DSD=now

PL

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘They think this,’ 344

uˑ day’əxʷ u INTJ

day’=axʷ uniquely=now

‘ “Oh, imagine that!’ 345 di əxʷ dᶻə di =axʷ

ə tə gədu ti i s ə əds dᶻə ə tə gədu

FOC=now

PTCL

PR

NSPEC

so.and.so

‘ “It must be that guy’s food.” ’ 346 tuhuy əsyubiləxʷ əlgʷə tuhuy PAST=SCONJ

as–yubil=axʷ STAT–starve=now

‘By then they were starving.’

əlgʷə PL

ti i

s ə əd–s

DIST

food–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

347

119

əstagʷəxʷəxʷ as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ STAT–hungry=now

‘They are hungry now.’ 348

əs ʷil’əxʷ as– ʷil’=axʷ STAT–lost=now

‘They are lost.’ 349 xʷu ələ k’ʷid kʷədi sxʷi xʷi s uq’ilid xʷu ələ

k’ʷid

kʷədi

sxʷi xʷi –s

maybe

how.much

REM.DMA

game–3PO

u–q’ili–t PFV–aboard–ICS

‘How much is there of the catch he put in the canoe?’ 350 hay bə u ʷəxʷ hay

bə= u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go=now

‘So, he goes again.’ 351 ƛ’uha kʷ kʷi ƛ’usgʷəšəbads ƛ’u=ha kʷ

kʷi

ƛ’u=s=gʷəšəbad=s

HAB=long.time

REM

HAB=NM=disappear=3PO

‘For a long time he would disappear.’ 352 hagʷəxʷ kʷi ƛ’usgʷəšəbads ha kʷ=axʷ

kʷi

ƛ’u=s=gʷəšəbad=s

long.time=now

REM

HAB=NM=disappear=3PO

‘For a long time he would disappear.’ 353 cutəxʷ ti ə dii ’u cut=axʷ

ti ə

dii ’u

say=now

PROX

one:HMN

‘One of them says,’ 354 dəxʷ əxʷ u kʷ(i) adsəxʷcutəb dəxʷ [??]

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

u INT

‘ “Do you think that,’

kʷi

ad=s= as–dxʷ–cut–ab

REM

2SG.PO=NM=STAT–CTD–say–DSD

120

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

355 di ƛ’ub ə gʷəskʷədxʷ kʷi də ’u di

ƛ’ub

FOC

well

ə 1PL.SUB

a 1PL.COORD

ə ti i s ut

a gʷəbələxʷacad tə q’il’bid ə

gʷə=s=kʷəda–dxʷ

kʷi

də ’u

SBJ=NM=taken–DC

REM

one

ə

ti i

s ut

PR

DIST

halibut

gʷə=bə=lə=xʷaca–t

tə

q’il’bid

SBJ=ADD=PROG=carry–ICS

NSPEC

canoe

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “We should take one of those halibut and carry our canoe back (here)?” ’ 356 gʷəl gʷəbəƛ’iqiq gʷəl

gʷə=bə=ƛ’iq–iqi

SCONJ

SBJ=ADD=DIM.EFF–emerge

‘And he emerges a little again.’ 357 ha kʷ tə ƛ’usgʷəšəbads ha kʷ

tə

ƛ’u=s=gʷəšəbad=s

long.time

NSPEC

HAB=NM=disappear=3PO

‘For a long time he would disappear.’ 358 huy huyucutəxʷ əlgʷə

əs is ta

huy

huyu–t–sut=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

made–ICS–REFL=now

PL

as– ista STAT–be.like

‘Then they prepare themselves accordingly.’ 359 ƛ’aq’ʷadəxʷ əlgʷə tə səs usils ƛ’aq’ʷa–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

tə

s= as– usil=s

lie.in.wait–ICS=now

PL

NSPEC

NM=STAT–dive=3PO

‘They lay in wait for him to dive.’ 360

u ʷ əlgʷə u ʷ go

əlgʷə PL

‘They go.’ 361 gʷəl lə is ti ə q’il’bid gʷəl

lə= il–s

ti ə

q’il’bid

SCONJ

PROG=arrive–ALTV

PROX

canoe

‘And they arrive at (the child’s) canoe.’ 362 gʷəl ləkʷədad ti ə s ut gʷəl

lə=kʷəda–t

ti ə

s ut

SCONJ

PROG=taken–ICS

PROX

halibut

‘And they take a halibut.’

Martha Williams Lamont

121

363 gʷəl ləq’ʷibid əlgʷə gʷəl

lə=q’ʷibi–t

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=disembark–ICS

PL

‘And they unload it.’ 364 q’ilid əlgʷə dxʷ al ti ə q’il’bids q’ili–t

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

ti ə

q’il’bid–s

aboard–ICS

PL

CNTRPT–at

PROX

canoe–3PO

‘They put it into their canoe.’ 365 bələ alil bə=lə= alil ADD=PROG=go.ashore

‘They go ashore again.’ 366 gʷəl bələxʷacad əlgʷə gʷəl

bə=lə=xʷaca–t

əlgʷə

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=carry–ICS

PL

‘And they carry the canoe back.’3 367 gʷəl lə adᶻil əlgʷə gʷəl

lə= ac–il

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=hidden–INCH

PL

‘And they hide.’ 368 daˑgʷəxʷəxʷ dəgʷəxʷəxʷ [??] ‘They get under it.’ 369 diˑ kʷi sƛ’iq ə ti ə

’a ’as

di

kʷi

s=ƛ’iq

FOC

REM

NM=emerge

ə PR

ti ə PROX

’a ’as child

‘There the child is emerging.’ 370 q’ilid ti ə sxʷi xʷi s q’ili–t

ti ə

sxʷi xʷi –s

aboard–ICS

PROX

game–3PO

‘He puts his catch in the canoe.’

__________ 3

The verb xʷacad is typically used for carrying canoes.

122

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

371 hiˑ gʷəƛ’iƛ’əlad a hay

gʷəƛ’i–ƛ’əla–t

SCONJ

ATTN–stopped–ICS

a be.there

‘So, he pauses there.’ 372 tiləbəxʷ uq’ilagʷiləxʷ tiləb=axʷ

u–q’ili–agʷil=axʷ

immediately=now

PFV–aboard–AUTO=now

‘Suddenly he gets aboard (his canoe).’ 373 q’ilagʷiləxʷ q’ili–agʷil=axʷ aboard–AUTO=now ‘He gets aboard.’ 374

iˑ šuuc ti ə sxʷi xʷi s i i INTJ

šu –c

ti ə

sxʷi xʷi –s

i

see–ALTV

PROX

game–3PO

INTJ

‘He looks at his catch for some time.’ 375 xʷi

4

xʷi NEG

‘No!’ 376 hay gʷəl hay gʷəl atxʷ əlgʷə ti ə sqada s hay

gʷəl

hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

a–txʷ be.there–ECS

əlgʷə

ti ə

s=qada =s

PL

PROX

NM=steal=3PO

‘But (the brothers) have put what they had stolen there (where they are).’ 377 haydubəxʷ ə tudi hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ

ə

known–DC–PASS=now

PR

tudi DIST.DMA

‘The (child) over there knows.’ 378

uqadadid əlgʷə u–qada–di–t PFV–steal–SS–ICS

’a ’as əlgʷə PL

’a ’as child

‘They have stolen from the child.’

__________ 4

The tape reel is turned over at this point.

Martha Williams Lamont

379 hay t ’adi əxʷ ti ə

123

’a ’as

hay

t ’•adi =axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

point•ear=now

PROX

’a ’as child

‘So the child points.’ 380 dxʷ ad ti ə

uqadadid

dxʷ– ad

ti ə

CNTRPT–where

PROX

u–qada–di–t PFV–steal–SS–ICS

‘Where have those who stole from him gone?’ 381 kiisəxʷ al ti i q’il’bids kiis=axʷ

al ti i

stand=now

at

DIST

q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO

‘He stands up in his canoe.’ 382 huy t ’adi əxʷ huy

t ’•adi =axʷ

SCONJ

point•ear=now

‘Then he points.’ 383 t ’adi əxʷ t ’•adi =axʷ point•ear=now ‘He points.’ 384

iˑ lət ’adi i

lə=t ’•adi PROG=point•ear

INTJ

‘Oh, he is pointing.’ 385

ad kʷi usgʷəƛ’əlad ə ti ə ad

kʷi

where

aləs i

u=s=gʷəƛ’əla–t

REM

IRR=NM=stopped–ICS

ə PR

‘Where will his arm stop?’ 386 di

kʷi sgʷəƛ’əlads

di

kʷi

s=gʷəƛ’əla–t=s

suddenly

REM

NM=stopped–ICS=3PO

‘Suddenly it stops.’

ti ə PROX

aləs–s hand–3PO

i INTJ

124

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

387 yuhu u yuhu u sure.enough ‘Sure enough!’ 388

uhaydub ə

ə tə xʷi ləha

u–hay–dxʷ–b

ə

PFV–known–DC–PASS

ə

1PL.SUB

PR

tə

xʷi

lə=ha

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “We have been found by the no-good so and so!’ 389 gʷəƛ’əlad tə aləs dxʷ al dibə gʷəƛ’əla–t

tə

stopped–ICS

NSPEC

aləs–s hand–3PO

dxʷ– al

dibə

CNTRPT–at

we

‘ “His arm has stopped toward us.’ 390 huy dudkʷibə huy

dudkʷibə

SCONJ

be.strange

‘ “It is strange!” ’ 391 hay huy gʷə(l) aˑlil hay

huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

alil go.ashore

‘And so then (the child) goes ashore.’ 392

aˑlil alil go.ashore ‘He goes ashore.’

393 gʷə(l) gʷəl SCONJ

isəb əlgʷə il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS

‘And they are come to.’ 394 gʷəl ləkʷəd gʷəl

lə=kʷəd

SCONJ

PROG=taken

‘They are taken.’

əlgʷə PL

Martha Williams Lamont

395

125

ʷul’ ukʷəd ti ə caadi ʷul’ only

u–kʷəd PFV–taken

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘They are just taken.’ 396

ʷul’ ukʷəd ti i cədi ʷul’ only

u–kʷəd

ti i

cədi

PFV–taken

DIST

s/he

‘They are just taken.’ 397 gʷəl ləkʷədkʷəda aditəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

lə=kʷəd–kʷəda•a ad–di–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=DSTR–taken•arm–SS–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘And they are taken by the arms.’ 398 lə ib ibapsəbtəb əlgʷə

ə ti ə

’a ’as

lə= ib– ib•apsəb–t–b

əlgʷə

PROG=DSTR–claw•throat–ICS–PASS

PL

ə PR

ti ə PROX

’a ’as child

‘Then they are grasped by the neck by the child.’ 399 gʷəl u ʷtub əlgʷə dxʷ al ti ə q’il’bid gʷəl SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

ti ə

q’il’bid

PL

CNTRPT–at

PROX

canoe

‘And they are taken to his canoe.’ 400 gʷəl ləxʷəbtəb əlgʷə dxʷ al əsq’il gʷəl

lə=xʷəb–t–b

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

SCONJ

PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS

PL

CNTRPT–at

‘And they are thrown aboard.’ 401 kʷədaxʷ tsi ə q’il’bids əlgʷə kʷəd=axʷ

tsi ə

q’il’bid–s

əlgʷə

taken=now

PROX:FEM

canoe–3PO

PL

‘Their canoe is taken.’ 402 gʷəl lə u ʷtub gʷəl

lə= u ʷ–txʷ–b

SCONJ

PROG=go–ECS–PASS

‘And it is taken.’

as–q’il STAT–aboard

126

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

403 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ u iditəb gʷəl

ʷul’=axʷ

SCONJ

u– idi–t–b

only=now

PFV–tied–ICS–PASS

‘And it is tied up.’ 404

iditəb ə ti ə cədi idi–t–b

ə

tied–ICS–PASS PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘It is tied up by him.’ 405 huy gʷəl q’ilitəbəxʷ ti ə tusqada s əlgʷə s ut huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

q’ili–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

tu=s=qada =s

aboard–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

PAST=NM=steal=3PO

əlgʷə

s ut

PL

halibut

‘And then the halibut they have stolen is put on board.’ 406 hay tudəqiləxʷ əlgʷə hay

tudəq–il=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

enslaved–INCH=now

PL

‘So they become slaves.’ 407 haydxʷəxʷ əlgʷə hay–dxʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

known–DC=now

PL

‘They realize it.’ 408

əsdukʷ əw’ə ti ə as–dukʷu STAT–abnormal

əw’ə

ti ə

PTCL

PROX

‘ “He is supernatural indeed.’ 409

əxʷcutəbid ə

’a ’as

as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “We thought him to be a child.’ 410 huy dᶻəgʷa qʷiq’ʷ huy dᶻəgʷa qʷiq’ʷ SCONJ

expert

strong

‘ “But he is very strong.” ’

’a ’as child

Martha Williams Lamont

127

411 huy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

əlgʷə

go–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘Then they are taken.’ 412 t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷədi di i t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

kʷədi

di i

go.home–ECS–PASS=now

PL

CNTRPT–at

REM.DMA

yonder

‘They are taken to his home a way off there.’ 413 tudəqiləxʷ əlgʷə tudəq–il=axʷ

əlgʷə

enslaved–INCH=now

PL

‘They become slaves.’ 414 xʷi kʷi səsaydxʷs əlgʷə ti ə dəxʷ aliltubs əlgʷə

ə ti i

pay’ac s a a s əlgʷə

swatixʷtəd xʷi

kʷi

s= as–hay–dxʷ=s

əlgʷə

ti ə

NEG

REM

NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO

PL

PROX

dəxʷ= alil–txʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

ADNM=go.ashore–ECS–PASS=3PO

PL

ə

ti i

pay’•ac

PR

DIST

cedar•tree

s= a a =s

əlgʷə

swatixʷtəd

NM=fail.to.recognize=3PO

PL

land

‘They do not know where they had been put ashore by that red cedar tree so they fail to recognize the land.’ 415 huy lil lil ti ə dəxʷsaxʷəbtubs əlgʷə huy

lil

lil

ti ə

dəxʷ=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

SCONJ

far

far

PROX

ADNM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO

PL

‘Then the place to where they have been taken is far, far away.’ 416 ciˑck’ʷəxʷ əlgʷə

əs ə ə axʷ ə

cick’ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

very=now

PL

as– ə –ə =axʷ

ə

STAT–DIM.EFF–sick=now

mind

‘They are very worried now.’ 417 gʷəl bastagʷəxʷəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ aˑl kʷi s ildubs əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷədi di i gʷəl

bə= as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

kʷi

SCONJ

ADD=STAT–hungry=now

PL

CNTRPT–at

REM

128

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

s= il–dxʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

kʷədi

di i

NM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO

PL

CNTRPT–at

REM.DMA

yonder

‘And they are hungry because they had been taken way, way off.’ 418 qaˑ əs a lil qa

as– a lil

many

STAT–live

‘Many are living there.’ 419 haac ə ti al al gʷəstabəs al al al ə ti ə haac

ə ‿ti

long

al al

seemingly

house

əs a lil

gʷə=stab=as SBJ=what=3SBRD

al– al al

ə

DSTR–house

PR

ti ə PROX

as– a lil STAT–live

‘There are long houses, it seems, if the houses of those who live there are houses.’ 420 qa kʷədšəd aci talbixʷ qa

kʷədšəd

many

certainly

aci talbixʷ people

‘There certainly are a lot of people.’ 421 hay cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti i cədi

aci talbixʷ

hay

cut–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

PL

ə

ti i

cədi

PR

DIST

s/he

aci talbixʷ people

‘So, they are spoken to by those people.’ 422 haw’ə di əw’ə ti ƛ’ucutəb qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ti ə dəxʷ ildubs haw’ə

di

əw’ə

ti

ƛ’u=cut–t–b

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

ti ə

PTCL

FOC

PTCL

SPEC

HAB=say–ICS–PASS

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

PROX

dəxʷ= il–dxʷ–b=s ADNM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO

‘They are called dwarves where they have been brought.’ 423 qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ mam’ad aci talbixʷ qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

mam’ad

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

small:PL

‘They are dwarves, little people.’

aci talbixʷ people

Martha Williams Lamont

129

424 tu ʷ (h)uy luƛ’luƛ’ tu ʷ

huy

luƛ’–luƛ’

just

SCONJ

DSTR–old

‘But they are adults.’ 425 mam’ad ac aci talbixʷ ti i qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ mam’ad

ac– aci talbixʷ

small:PL

DSTR–people

ti i

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

DIST

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Those dwarves are little people.’ 426 di əxʷ dəxʷ ildubsəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə cədi

di =axʷ

dəxʷ= il–dxʷ–b=s=axʷ

əlgʷə

FOC=now

ADNM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO=now

PL

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘It is there they are taken by him.’ 427

’a ’as kʷi ə bids əlgʷə ’a ’as child

kʷi REM

ə bid–s intentions–3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘They thought he was a child.’ 428 gʷaˑ bəluƛ’ gʷa

bə=luƛ’

INTJ

ADD=old

‘But he is an adult.’ 429 kʷədatəb ti i kʷəda–t–b

ti i

taken–ICS–PASS

DIST

‘It (his catch) is taken.’ 430 gʷəl ubətub ti ə sxʷi xʷ i gʷəl

ubə–txʷ–b

SCONJ

go.inland–ECS–PASS

ə ti i caadi ti ə

sxʷi xʷi

PROX

game

ə

ti i

caadi

PR

DIST

they

‘And the catch is taken up from shore by them.’ 431 xʷi gʷəsulək’ʷəds əlgʷə ti ə s ə əds al kʷi əsq’ʷəl xʷi NEG

gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s

əlgʷə

ti ə

s ə əd–s

SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO

PL

PROX

food–3PO

as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked

‘They do not eat food that is cooked.’

al at

kʷi REM

130

432

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

ʷul’ əlgʷə lələk’ʷəd ic’ ʷul’ only

əlgʷə

lə=lək’ʷ–t

PL

PROG=eaten–ICS

ic’ raw

‘They only eat it raw.’ 433 huy ləli qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy

ləli

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

SCONJ

different

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Dwarves are different.’ 434 huy put əspukʷpukʷəb ti ə s uˑlə huy

put

SCONJ

really

əgʷadi

as–pukʷ–pukʷəb STAT–DSTR–piled.up

ti ə

s ulə

PROX

dentalia

əgʷ•adi seaward•side

‘Then a lot of dentalia are piled up in front of the houses.’ 435 ti ə ƛ’us uˑlə di stabigʷs ti ə

ƛ’u=s ulə

di

stabigʷs

PROX

HAB=dentalia

FOC

valuables

‘These dentalia are valuable goods.’ 436

al kʷədi tuha kʷ ti i s ulə al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

tu=ha kʷ

ti i

s ulə

PAST=long.time

DIST

dentalia

‘They had been there a long time.’ 437 ƛ’u ə bid ə ti i cədi ƛ’usu ə əds əlgʷə ƛ’u ə ti gʷəs a ʷu ƛ’u= ə –bi–t HAB=be.fed–MAP–ICS

ə

ti i

cədi

PR

DIST

s/he

ƛ’u= ə ‿ti

gʷə=s a ʷu

HAB=seemingly

SBJ=clam

ə ti c’ubc’ub

ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s

əlgʷə

HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

ə ‿ti seemingly

c’ubc’ub barnacles

‘(The dwarves) subsisted on what they always ate, maybe clams, maybe barnacles.’ 438 tu ʷ (h)uy hikʷikʷ (h)a

s ulə

tu ʷ huy

hikʷ–hikʷ

ha

s ulə

just

DSTR–big

good

dentalia

SCONJ

‘There were lots of dentalia.’

Martha Williams Lamont

131

439 stabigʷs al ti i tudᶻixʷ tuslə il al kʷədi tuha kʷ stabigʷs al ti i tu=dᶻixʷ tu=s=lə –il valuables

at

PAST=first

DIST

al kʷədi

PAST=NM=light–INCH

at

REM.DMA

tu=ha kʷ PAST=long.time

‘They were valuable goods in the first days long ago.’ 440 ƛ’al’ bas ista

al dibə

aləxʷ ti ə tudxʷ əƛ’ əb

ƛ’al’ bə= as– ista

al dibə

ADD=STAT–be.like

also

at

al=axʷ

we

at=now

ti ə

tu=dxʷ– əƛ’–ab

PROX

PAST=CTD–come–DSD

‘It is the same for us as for those who came before.’ 441 hay ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə hay

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

SCONJ

əshiq’ʷabid ti ə qa əsqʷat əlgʷə

as–hiq’ʷab–bi–t STAT–covet–MAP–ICS

PL

ti ə

qa

PROX

many

as–qʷat STAT–laid.out

‘So (the brothers) are simply coveting this great amount lying there.’ 442 huy cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə

huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

PL

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘Then they are spoken to by (the dwarf).’ 443

əsgʷaadiltxʷ ti i as–gʷaad–il–txʷ

ti i

STAT–down:PL–INCH–ECS

DIST

‘He sits them down.’ 444 xʷu ələ cutəb ti i cədi

’a ’as

xʷu ələ

cut–t–b

ti i

cədi

maybe

say–ICS–PASS

DIST

s/he

’a ’as child

‘Perhaps that child has been told,’ 445 gʷaadiltxʷ ti i

aci talbixʷ al tə a əs agʷiltub əlgʷə

gʷaad–il–txʷ

ti i

down:PL–INCH–ECS

DIST

aci talbixʷ people

as– agʷil–txʷ–b STAT–lay.out.mat–ECS–PASS

al tə at

NSPEC

əlgʷə PL

‘ “Seat those people there where mats have been laid.” ’

a be.there

132

446

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

ahəxʷ əlgʷə

al ti i

a=axʷ

əlgʷə

be.there=now

al

ti i

at

PL

DIST

‘They are there at that (place).’ 447

ahəxʷ əlgʷə

al ti i

a=axʷ

əsgʷaadil

əlgʷə

be.there=now

al

ti i

at

PL

as–gʷaad–il STAT–down:PL–INCH

DIST

‘There they are now sitting right there.’ 448

əshuyiləxʷ studəq as–huyu–il=axʷ

studəq

STAT–made–INCH=now

slave

‘They have become slaves.’ 449

u ə itub ə

ə kʷi util’ i

u= ə id–txʷ–b

ə

IRR=what.happen–ECS–PASS

ə

1PL.SUB

kʷi

PR

u=til’ i

REM

IRR=later.on

‘ “What is going to be done with us presently?” ’ 450 xʷ ub ə ti ʷul’ u atəb tə q’il’bids əlgʷə xʷ ub

ə ‿ti

ultimately

ʷul’

seemingly

only

u– a–t–b PFV–be.there–ICS–PASS

tə

q’il’bid–s

NSPEC

canoe–3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘In fact, it seems that their canoe has been put there.’ 451 ƛ’al’ buxʷacatəb ad əsq’ʷu

ə ti ə stab ad

ƛ’al’

bə= u–xʷaca–t–b

also

ADD=PFV–carry–ICS–PASS

where

as–q’ʷu STAT–gathered

ə PR

ti ə

stab

PROX

what

‘It too had been carried someplace together with its things (i.e., accessories).’ 452 hay ahəxʷ əlgʷə hay SCONJ

a=axʷ be.there=now

əlgʷə PL

‘So there they are.’ 453 xʷi gʷəsu ə əds əlgʷə

ə kʷi gʷasq’ʷəl

xʷi

gʷə=s= u– ə əd=s

əlgʷə

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

ə PR

‘(The dwarves) would not eat what is cooked.’

kʷi

gʷə= as–q’ʷəl

REM

SBJ=STAT–cooked

Martha Williams Lamont

454

133

ʷul’ ic’ ti i su ə əds əlgʷə ʷul’

ic’

only

raw

ti i

s= u– ə əd=s

əlgʷə

DIST

NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

‘What they eat is just raw.’ 455 huy xʷu ələ xʷi ləha kʷ kʷi tushəd iw’s əlgʷə huy SCONJ

xʷu ələ

xʷi

lə=ha kʷ

kʷi

tu=s=həd iw’=s

maybe

NEG

NEGP=long.time

REM

PAST=NM=indoors=3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘Then maybe they have not been inside very long.’ 456 gʷəl (h)uy huy gʷəcutadəxʷ ti i tul’šəq gʷəl

huy

huy

gʷəcutad=axʷ

ti i

tul’–šq

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

commotion=now

DIST

CNTRFG–high

‘And then then there is a noise from above.’ 457 gʷəcutadəxʷ kʷədi tul’šəq gʷəcutad=axʷ

kʷədi

tul’–šq

commotion=now

REM.DMA

CNTRFG–high

‘There is a noise from above.’ 458 gʷəhaw’ə gʷəhaw’ə

ušidᶻtəbəxʷ ti ə caadi qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ u–šidᶻ–t–b=axʷ ti ə caadi

seemingly

PFV–sneak.attack–ICS–PASS=now

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

ə

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

PR

PROX

ti ə

bu qʷ

PROX

waterfowl

they

‘It seems that the dwarves are attacked without warning by the Duck People.’ 459 baˑlgʷas bu qʷ kʷi bək’ʷ s ads ə ti bu qʷ gʷə

ʷəl ti i bəgʷə t’aq’t gʷə

spa ad bu qʷ balgʷas

bu qʷ

kʷi

bək’ʷ s= ad=s

all.kinds

waterfowl

REM

all

gʷə ASSC

ʷəl sea

ə

NM=where=3PO

PR

ti

bu qʷ

SPEC

waterfowl

ti i

bə=gʷə

t’aq’t

gʷə

spa ad

bu qʷ

DIST

ADD=ASSC

inland

ASSC

tidal.flats

waterfowl

‘There were all kinds of Duck People from everywhere, sea ducks, and inland ducks, ducks of the tidal flats.’

134

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

460 šidᶻəxʷ ti i bu qʷ šidᶻ=axʷ sneak.attack=now

ti i

bu qʷ

DIST

waterfowl

‘Those waterfowl attack without warning.’ 461 gʷəl šidᶻəxʷ gʷəl

šidᶻ=axʷ

SCONJ

sneak.attack=now

‘They attack without warning.’ 462 huy qʷi qʷi adəxʷ tsi acəc tsi ə cədi huy

qʷi –qʷi ad=axʷ

tsi acəc

tsi ə

cədi

SCONJ

DSTR–call.out=now

UNQ:FEM

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘Then this very one, she calls out in a loud voice.’ 463

uq’ʷu ap ʷu ələ uq’ʷu ap black.duck

ʷu ələ adverb

‘She is a black duck, I guess.’ 464

ahəxʷ əlgʷə

əshəd iw’

a=axʷ

əlgʷə

be.there=now

as–həd iw’ STAT–indoors

PL

‘There they are inside the house.’ 465 huy yəcəbtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy

yəc–b–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

report–MD–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘Then they are informed.’ 466

ə əxʷ ti əst’ugʷud əlgʷə ə =axʷ‿ti

as–t’ukʷu–t əlgʷə

seemingly=now

STAT–measure–ICS PL

‘It seems they sort of figured it out.’ 467

ušidᶻtəb ə u=šidᶻ–t–b

ə kʷi uyabuk’ʷ

IRR=sneak.attack–ICS–PASS

ə 1PL.SUB

ə PR

kʷi REM

u=yabuk’ʷ IRR=fight

‘ “We will be caught in a surprise attack by those who will fight.” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

468

135

əšu əxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti i s isəbəxʷ

as–šu =axʷ

əlgʷə

STAT–see=now

PL

ə

ti i

s= il–s–b=axʷ

PR

DIST

NM=arrive–ALTV–PASS=now

‘(The brothers) are watching as (the dwarves) are come after.’ 469 həd iw’cəbəxʷ əlgʷə həd iw’–c–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

indoors–ALTV–PASS=now

PL

‘(The Duck People) came in after them.’ 470 huy gʷəl gʷə cut adəxʷ huy

gʷəl

gʷəcutad=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

commotion=now

‘And then there is a commotion.’ 471 sasaq’ʷəxʷ ti ə bu qʷ sa–saq’ʷ=axʷ

ti ə

bu qʷ

DSTR–fly=now

PROX

waterfowl

‘The Duck People fly up abruptly.’ 472

uˑ sasaq’ʷəxʷ u

sa–saq’ʷ=axʷ DSTR–fly=now

INTJ

‘They fly up abruptly.’ 473 gʷəl (h)uy i ʷi təbəxʷ ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə di i ti ə ƛ’usuc’uqʷəbs ƛ’usu ay’gʷasabacəb ə ti i st’u q’ʷ gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

i ʷ•i –t–b=axʷ

ti ə

thrown.at•covering–ICS–PASS=now

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

ə PR

PROX

ti ə

di –i

ti ə

PROX

INTNS–FOC

PROX

ƛ’u=s= u–c’uqʷəb=s

ƛ’u=s= u– ay’•gʷas•abac–b

HAB=NM=PFV–quill=3PO

HAB=NM=PFV–change•pair•body–MD

ti i

st’u q’ʷ

DIST

feather

ə PR

‘And then the dwarves are hit with these very things that would become quills, feathers from their moulting.’

136

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

474 ti i di i əxʷ dəxʷəgʷəlaltəbs ə ti ə bu qʷ bək’ʷ balgʷas bu qʷ ti i

di –i =axʷ

dəxʷ=lə=gʷəlal–t–b=s

DIST

INTNS–FOC=now

ADNM=PROG=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO

bu qʷ

bək’ʷ

balgʷas

bu qʷ

waterfowl

all

all.kinds

waterfowl

ə

ti ə

PR

PROX

‘It is those very things that are used to kill them by the Duck People, all kinds of waterfowl.’ 475 ləpusutəb lə=pusu–t–b PROG=thrown.at–ICS–PASS

‘They are hit.’ 476 tiləb lə atəbəd ti i qʷiqʷiqʷistay’bixʷ tiləb

lə= atəbəd

ti i

qʷi–qʷi–qʷistay’bixʷ

immediately

PROG=die

DIST

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Right away the dwarves are dying.’ 477 ləcaq’atəb ə ti i ləxʷəbtəb ə ti i cədi ti i lə=caq’a–t–b PROG=impaled–ICS–PASS

cədi

ti i

s/he

DIST

ə

ti i

lə=xʷəb–t–b

PR

DIST

PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘(The dwarves) are impaled by what is being thrown by them.’ 478 tiləb lə atəbəd ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ti i sc’uqʷəb ə ti i st’u q’ʷ ə ti i bu qʷ tiləb

lə= atəbəd

ti ə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

immediately

PROG=die

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

ə

ti i

st’u q’ʷ

ə

ti i

bu qʷ

PR

DIST

feather

PR

DIST

waterfowl

ə

ti i

sc’uqʷəb

PR

DIST

quill

‘Right away the dwarves are dying from the quills of Duck People’s feathers.’ 479

uˑ gʷəqʷatqʷat a d ti i u INTJ

gʷə=qʷat–qʷata–t

ti i

SBJ=DSTR–laid.out–ICS

DIST

‘Oh, they are laid out all over.’

Martha Williams Lamont

137

480 gʷəl šubali ti i cədi dəxʷəstudəqils gʷəl

šubali

ti i

cədi

dəxʷ= as–tudəq–il=s

SCONJ

many.die

DIST

s/he

ADNM=STAT–slave–INCH=3PO

‘Those who had enslaved them are dying.’ 481 huy gʷəl gʷə tqʷadəxʷ huy

gʷəl

gʷə tqʷad=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

fly.up.making.noise=now

‘And then (the Duck People) flew up all at once with lots of noise.’ 482

’axʷatəbəxʷ ə ti i cədi

aci talbixʷ

’axʷa–t–b=axʷ

ə

ti i

cədi

PR

DIST

s/he

clubbed–ICS–PASS=now

aci talbixʷ people

‘They are clubbed by the people (the brothers).’ 483

aƛ’ aƛ’isəxʷ ti ə k’ʷidid aƛ’– aƛ’i–s=axʷ DSTR–defend–ALTV=now

ti ə

k’ʷidid

PROX

how.many:HMN

‘They fight off some of them.’ 484 gʷəl ’axʷadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

ə kʷi di i

’axʷa–t=axʷ

SCONJ

ʷubt

əlgʷə

clubbed–ICS=now

ə PR

PL

kʷi

di –i

ʷubt

REM

INTNS–FOC

paddle

‘And they club them with that very paddle.’ 485 cutəb ə ti cut–t–b

ə

ti

say–ICS–PASS PR

SPEC

‘He is spoken to by him (his brother),’ 486 gʷə ’axʷadəxʷ əxʷ ə kʷi tul’ ti ə ha gʷə= ’axʷa–t=axʷ

əxʷ

SBJ=clubbed–ICS=now

bu qʷ waterfowl

ə PR

bu qʷ ə ti ə d ʷubt

ə

2SG.SUB

PR

kʷi

tul’

ti ə

ha

REM

CNTRPT

PROX

good

ti ə

d– ʷubt

PROX

1SG.PO–paddle

‘ “You could club these good waterfowl with my paddle.” ’ 487 huy ’axʷadəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

ə ti i

’axʷa–t=axʷ clubbed–ICS=now

ʷubt əlgʷə PL

‘Then he clubs them with that paddle.’

ə

ti i

ʷubt

PR

DIST

paddle

138

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

488 huy gʷəl qʷi qʷi adəxʷ huy

gʷəl

qʷi –qʷi ad=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

DSTR–call.out=now

‘And then (the Black Duck) calls out over and over.’ 489

uqʷqʷatiləxʷ ti i ducks u–qʷ–qʷata–il=axʷ PFV–RDP–laid.out–INCH=now

ti i

ducks

DIST

ducks

‘The ducks are all laid out.’ 490 huy qʷi adəxʷ tsi ə cədi q’ʷu ap huy

qʷi ad=axʷ

tsi ə

cədi

q’ʷu ap

SCONJ

call.out=now

PROX:FEM

s/he

black.duck

‘Then Black Duck calls out,’ 491

aci talbixʷalaˑdxʷ tə dəxʷtəšaləp d alalš aci talbixʷaladxʷ humans

tə

dəxʷ=təš

NSPEC

ADNM=misfortune

a=lap be.there=2PL.PO

d– al–alš 1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling ‘ “The cause of your misfortune there is humans, my brothers.’ 492

aci talbixʷalaˑdxʷ tə dəxʷtəš aləp aci talbixʷaladxʷ humans

tə

dəxʷ=təš

NSPEC

ADNM=misfortune

a=lap be.there=2PL.PO

‘ “The cause of your misfortune there is humans.’ 493 šəqla adəb i d alalš šq•l•a ad–b

i

high•CNN•arm–MD

2PL.IMP

d– al–alš 1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling

‘ “Raise your arms, my brothers.’ 494 šəqla adəb i d alalš šq•l•a ad–b high•CNN•arm–MD

i 2PL.IMP

d– al–alš 1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling

‘ “Raise your arms, my brothers.” ’ 495 hay gʷəl bəgʷə tqʷadəxʷ ti i cədi bu qʷ hay

gʷəl

bə=gʷə tqʷad=axʷ

ti i

cədi

bu qʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=fly.up.making.noise=now

DIST

s/he

waterfowl

‘And so again these Duck People fly up all at once with lots of noise.’

Martha Williams Lamont

496 qaˑ kʷədi

139

uqʷatqʷat

qa

kʷədi

many

REM.DMA

u–qʷat–qʷata PFV–DSTR–laid.out

‘A lot of them are laid out there.’ 497 qʷatqʷat s ʷəyalqs əlgʷə qʷat–qʷata

s= ʷəyalq=s

əlgʷə

DSTR–laid.out

NM=kill=3PO

PL

‘They are lying dead.’ 498 šə əxʷs əlgʷə

u ə əd

s=šə =axʷ=s

əlgʷə

NM=make=now=3PO

PL

u= ə əd IRR=feed.on

‘(The ducks) are made into what they will eat.’ 499 huy gʷəl u ʷcəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə caadi qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

əlgʷə

ti ə

caadi

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

PL

PROX

they

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘And then they go to these dwarves.’ 500 stab ti ə dəxʷu atəbəds əlgʷə stab

ti ə

dəxʷ= u– atəbəd=s

əlgʷə

what

PROX

ADNM=PFV–die=3PO

PL

‘What was causing them to die?’ 501 gʷəhaw’ə bədi ti ə tu ʷ ƛ’u aw’t ƛ’us əƛ’ ə tə stab st’u q’ʷ ay’wa sabacəbəs ti i gʷəhaw’ə

bə=di

ti ə

tu ʷ ƛ’u= aw’t

ƛ’u=s= əƛ’

seemingly

ADD=FOC

PROX

just

HAB=NM=come

stab

st’u q’ʷ

what feather

HAB=new

ay’•wa s•abac–b=as change•pair•body–MD=3SBRD

ə PR

tə NSPEC

ti i DIST

‘Again it seems that it is just the, what are they?, feathers that would come in anew when they moult.’ 502 ti i di əw’ə dəxʷgʷəlaltəbs ti i ə ti i

di

əw’ə dəxʷ=gʷlal–t–b=s

DIST

FOC

PTCL

ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘That must have been what has killed them.’

ti –i ə PL–PROX

140

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

503 huy əcədaxʷ əlgʷə tul’ al ti ə cədi qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy

əc–t=axʷ

SCONJ

extract–ICS=now

əlgʷə

tul’– al

ti ə

cədi

PL

CNTRFG–at

PROX

s/he

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Then they extract them from the dwarves.’ 504 tiləb up’alil ti ə d ii ’u tiləb

u–p’alil

immediately

PFV–revive

ti ə

dii ’u

PROX

one:HMN

‘Immediately one revives.’ 505 tiləb ugʷədil tiləb

u–gʷəd–il

immediately

PFV–down–INCH

‘Right away he sits up.’ 506 gʷəl bələ u ʷc əlgʷə ta a

i kʷəlq

gʷəl

bə=lə= u ʷ–c

əlgʷə

ta a

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=go–ALTV

PL

DIST:UNQ.DMA

‘And they go to some of the others there.’ 507 k’ʷid kʷədi səs aha i s k’ʷid

kʷədi

s= as– a•a i =s

how.much

REM.DMA

NM=STAT–be.there•hand=3PO

‘How many do they put their hands to?’ 508 bələgʷədil bə=lə=gʷəd–il ADD=PROG=down–INCH

‘(The dwarves) sit up.’ 509 bələp’alil bə=lə=p’alil ADD=PROG=revive

‘They revive.’ 510 huy haydxʷyidəxʷ əlgʷə huy

hay–dxʷ–yi–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

known–DC–DAT–ICS=now

PL

‘So they find out about them.’

i –kʷəlq PRTV–others

Martha Williams Lamont

511

u ƛ’ub ə u

ƛ’ub

INTJ

well

141

u ista txʷ ə

u– ista –txʷ

1PL.SUB

PFV–be.like–ECS

‘ “We should make it be like that.” ’ 512 huy p’al’p’aliləxʷ ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy

p’al’–p’alil=axʷ

ti ə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–revive=now

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Then the dwarves revive.’ 513

a ti ə bu qʷs əlgʷə a be.there

ti ə

bu qʷ–s

əlgʷə

PROX

waterfowl–3PO

PL

‘There are their waterfowl.’ 514 tu ’axʷad əlgʷə

ə ti i cədi

tu= ’axʷa–t

əlgʷə

PAST=clubbed–ICS

PL

ʷubt ə

ti i

cədi

ʷubt

PR

DIST

s/he

paddle

‘They had been clubbed with that paddle.’ 515 p’aalil ti i cədi p’aalil

ti i

cədi

revive:PL

DIST

s/he

‘They (the dwarves) revive.’ 516 qaˑ ti i s up’alil ə ti i qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ qa

ti i

s= u–p’alil

many

DIST

NM=PFV–revive

ə

ti i

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

PR

DIST

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘The dwarves who revive are many.’ 517 huy hii bitəbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə caadi

huy

hii –bi–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

happy–MAP–ICS–PASS=now

PL

ə PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘Then (the dwarves) are happy with them.’ 518 hii əxʷ əlgʷə

al kʷədi dəxʷ as

hii =axʷ

əlgʷə

happy=now

PL

al at

kʷədi

dəxʷ= a=s

REM.DMA

ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘They are happy that they were there.’

142

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

519 tu ʷ əsaydxʷ əlgʷə tu ʷ just

as–hay–dxʷ

əlgʷə

STAT–known–DC

PL

‘They know now.’ 520

uhəli dub əlgʷə

ə ti ə sušə s əlgʷə studəq

u–həli –dxʷ–b

əlgʷə

PFV–alive–DC–PASS

ə PR

PL

ti ə

s= u–šə =s

əlgʷə

studəq

PROX

NM=PFV–make=3PO

PL

slave

‘They have been saved by these whom they had made slaves.’ 521 huy əsaydxʷ əlgʷə huy

as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC

SCONJ

əlgʷə PL

‘Then they know.’ 522 bu qʷ ti ə

s udxʷtəšs a

bu qʷ

ti ə

s= u–dxʷ–təš=s

a

waterfowl

PROX

NM=PFV–CTD–misfortune=3PO

be.there

‘It is the Duck People who have caused their misfortune there.’ 523 di tsi ə ƛ’ustab tsi ə dəxʷə atəbəds əlgʷə di

tsi ə

ƛ’u=stab

tsi ə

dəxʷ=lə= atəbəd=s

əlgʷə

FOC

PROX:FEM

HAB=what

PROX:FEM

ADNM=PROG=die=3PO

PL

‘That is what would cause them to die.’ 524 p’aalil əlgʷə p’aalil

əlgʷə

revive:PL

PL

‘They revive.’ 525 gʷəl hay ƛ’ubil gʷəl

hay

ƛ’ub–il

SCONJ

SCONJ

well–INCH

‘And so they become well.’ 526 hay tucutəbəxʷ ti ə caadi hay

tu=cut–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

caadi

SCONJ

PAST=say–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

they

‘So they were spoken to,’

Martha Williams Lamont

143

527 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp ušuuc bid əxʷ ti ə ƛ’ub=axʷ

ələp

well=now

aci talbixʷ

u–šu –c–bi–d=axʷ

2PL.SUB

ti ə

PFV–see–ALTV–MAP–ICS=now

aci talbixʷ

PROX

people

‘ “You guys should look after these people (the brothers).’ 528

as aləxʷ kʷi ushuys u= as– al=axʷ

kʷi

IRR=STAT–how=now

u=s=huyu=s IRR=NM=made=3PO

REM

‘ “What are they going to do?” ’ 529 ƛ’uwiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ əlgʷə ƛ’u=wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

HAB=ask–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘They would be asked,’ 530

əs al kʷi ushuyudləp ti ə s ə əd ə as– al

kʷi

STAT–how

u=s=huyu–t=lap IRR=NM=made–ICS=2PL.PO

REM

ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

food

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “How are you guys going to prepare our food?” ’ 531 ƛ’uhuyud ə

ə ti i

ƛ’u=huyu–t

a ti ə bu qʷ

ə

HAB=made–ICS

1PL.SUB

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

a be.there

ti ə

bu qʷ

PROX

waterfowl

‘ “We would prepare what is there, the waterfowl.’ 532 di də ʷadᶻad ə ti di dəxʷ= ʷadᶻa–t FOC

ə

ADNM=annihilate–ICS

1PL.PO

ti SPEC

‘ “That is why we killed them.” ’ 533 gʷəl əs al kʷi ushuyudləp gʷəl SCONJ

as– al

kʷi

STAT–how

u=s=huyu–t=lap

REM

IRR=NM=made–ICS=2PL.PO

‘ “And how will you guys prepare it?” ’ 534

ə

tihəxʷ

xʷu ələ

gʷələli luud

əlgʷə

kʷi

gʷəsu idigʷat

qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ‿ti=həxʷ seemingly=now

xʷu ələ

gʷə=lə=li –lu–t

əlgʷə

kʷi

maybe

SBJ=PROG=ATTN–hear–ICS

PL

REM

ə

ti ə

144

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

gʷə=s= u– idigʷat

ə

SBJ=NM=PFV–say.what

PR

ti ə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘It seems they can sort of understand a little of what the dwarves are saying.’ 535 huy cuucəxʷ əlgʷə huy

cut–c=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

PL

‘Then (the brothers) tell them,’ 536

uhudyid ə ti acəc u=hud–yi–t

ə

IRR=burn–DAT–ICS

ti acəc

1PL.SUB

UNQ

‘ “We will make a fire for them.” ’ 537

uˑ ƛ’ub

ələp

uhudyid ti i sxʷi xʷi ləp

di a ad kʷi shud upləp ələpa q’ʷəld əs istə u INTJ

ƛ’ub

ələp

well

u–hud–yi–t

di •a ad

go–ECS

al

other.side•side

s=hud• up=lap

at

NM=burn•fire=2PL.PO

DIST

tudi

2PL.COORD

sxʷi xʷi –ləp game–2SG.PO di •a ad

DIST.DMA

ələpa

u ʷtxʷ diˑ a ad

al tudi

ə kʷi ƛ’usulək’ʷədləp ti i

PFV–burn–DAT–ICS

2PL.SUB

u ʷ–txʷ

ələpa

ƛ’u=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=lap

REM

HAB=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=2PL.PO

REM

as– istə

cooked–ICS

kʷi

2PL.COORD kʷi

other.side•side

q’ʷəl–t

ələpa

STAT–be.like

ə PR

‘ “Oh, you guys should make a fire for your game and take it to the other side, way over there on the other side to make your cooking fire and cook it the way you guys always eat it.’ 538 huyud i əs ista huyu–t

i

made–ICS

as– ista

2PL.IMP

STAT–be.like

‘ “You guys prepare it that way!’ 539 ƛ’ub ələp u u ʷtxʷ lil xʷ ub xʷi kʷədšəd ƛ’ub well

ələp 2PL.SUB

u– u ʷ–txʷ lil PFV–go–ECS

far

xʷ ub

xʷi

kʷədšəd

ultimately

NEG

certainly

‘ “You guys should take it far, in fact it is certainly not (for us).’

Martha Williams Lamont

145

540 huy ə ƛ’asdᶻaƛ’bid gʷəsulək’ʷəd ə al kʷi səsq’ʷəls huy ə ƛ’u= as–dᶻaƛ’a–bi–t gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t 1PL.SUB

SCONJ

ə

HAB=STAT–confused–MAP–ICS

al

1PL.PO

at

kʷi

s= as–q’ʷəl=s

REM

NM=STAT–cooked=3PO

SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS

‘ “For we do not know how to eat when it is cooked.” ’ 541 huy əctəbaxʷ ə ti ə caadi ti ə huy

əc–t–b=axʷ

ə

extract–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

PR

ti ə

caadi

ti ə

PROX

they

PROX

‘Then they (the ducks) are plucked by them.’ 542 di ha

bu qʷ

di

ha

bu qʷ

FOC

good

waterfowl

‘They are good waterfowl.’ 543 huy əcədaxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

əc–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

extract–ICS=now

PL

‘Then they pluck them.’ 544

əc əd əc–t extract–ICS ‘They pluck them.’

545 ƛ’u u ʷtxʷəxʷ əlgʷə ƛ’u= u ʷ–txʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

HAB=go–ECS=now

PL

‘They take them.’ 546 gʷəl uhudyitəbəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u–hud–yi–t–b=axʷ PFV–burn–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

‘And a fire is made for them.’ 547 gʷəl hudyitəbəxʷ al kʷədi dəxʷq’ʷəltəbs gʷəl

hud–yi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

burn–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

al at

kʷədi REM.DMA

146

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

dəxʷ=q’ʷəl–t–b=s ADNM=cooked–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘And a fire is made for them where they are cooked.’ 548 huy q’ʷəlbaxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə bu qʷ

huy

q’ʷəl–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

cooked–CSMD=now

PL

ə PR

ti ə

bu qʷ

PROX

waterfowl

‘Then they cook the waterfowl.’ 549 q’ʷəldaxʷ əlgʷə

al ti ə dəxʷəshud ups

q’ʷəl–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

cooked–ICS=now

PL

al at

ti ə

dəxʷ= as–hud• up=s

PROX

ADNM=STAT–burn•fire=3PO

‘They cook them where their cooking fire is.’ 550 ha

bu qʷ ti ə

ubisəd əlgʷə s ə əds əlgʷə

ha

bu qʷ

ti ə

good

waterfowl

PROX

u–bis–t PFV–select–ICS

əlgʷə

s ə əd–s

əlgʷə

PL

food–3PO

PL

‘What they have selected for their food are nice ducks.’ 551 huy uhəli əxʷ əlgʷə lila ad huy SCONJ

u=həli =axʷ IRR=alive=now

əlgʷə

lil•a ad

PL

far•side

‘Then they could live on the far side (i.e., in the other world).’ 552 lila ad ti i scutəbs əlgʷə lil•a ad

ti i

s=cut–t–b=s

əlgʷə

far•side

DIST

NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

‘It is on the far side that they are spoken to.’ 553 huy gʷəl tu ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

tu= ə əd=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=feed.on=now

PL

‘And then they ate.’ 554

ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now

ə ti ə bu qʷ əlgʷə PL

‘They eat the ducks.’

ə PR

ti ə

bu qʷ

PROX

waterfowl

Martha Williams Lamont

147

555 di əxʷ tudəxʷəlis di =axʷ

tu=dəxʷ=həli =s

FOC=now

PAST=ADNM=alive=3PO

‘That is how they lived.’ 556 ha

bu qʷ

ha

bu qʷ

good

waterfowl

‘They are good ducks.’ 557 di šəbad ə ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ƛ’us i u ili s ha kʷ ti i i di

šəbad

FOC

enemy PR

ə

ti ə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

ƛ’u=s= i – u– ili =s

ha kʷ

ti –i i

HAB=NM=PRTV–PFV–battle=3PO

long.time

PL–DIST

‘They are enemies of the dwarves on whom they had been making war for a long time.’ 558 ƛ’ušidᶻəb əlgʷə ƛ’u=šidᶻ–t–b

əlgʷə

HAB=sneak.attack–ICS–PASS

PL

‘(The dwarves) are always attacked without warning.’ 559 cucutəxʷ kʷədi dii ’u cut–cut=axʷ

kʷədi

dii ’u

DSTR–say=now

REM.DMA

one:HMN

‘One (of the dwarves) spoke.’ 560 huy ə ti əsluudəxʷ əlgʷə huy

ə ‿ti

SCONJ

as–lu–t=axʷ

seemingly

əlgʷə

STAT–hear–ICS=now

PL

‘(The brothers) could sort of understand him.’ 561 gʷəl hikʷ

uhii

əlgʷə

ə ti ə

shəli dubs əlgʷə

ə ti i

sxʷəctəbs ti i

dəxʷu atəbəds əlgʷə gʷəl

hikʷ

SCONJ

big

əlgʷə PL

u–hii PFV–happy

əlgʷə PL

ə PR

ti ə

s=həli –dxʷ–b=s

PROX

NM=alive–DC–PASS=3PO

ə

ti i

s=xʷəc–t–b=s

PR

DIST

NM=removed–ICS–PASS=3PO

148

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

ti i

dəxʷ= u– atəbəd=s

əlgʷə

DIST

ADNM=PFV–die=3PO

PL

‘And they are very glad for having been saved by the removal of what was the reason for their dying.’ 562

up’al’p’alil u–p’al’–p’alil PFV–DSTR–revive

‘They have revived.’ 563 higʷəxʷ əlgʷə

utatabədəxʷ

higʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

big=now

PL

u–tatabəd=axʷ PFV–confer=now

‘They confer at length,’ 564 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp əšuuc ti i ƛ’ub=axʷ

ələp

well=now 2PL.SUB

ac aci talbixʷ ə kʷi ha

as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV

ti i DIST

ac– aci talbixʷ DSTR–people

‘ “You guys should look after those people well.’ 565

ušuucbu u–šu –c–bu PFV–see–ALTV–1PL.OBJ

‘ “They have looked after us.’ 566

uhəli dubu u–həli –dxʷ–bu PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ

‘ “They managed to save us.” ’ 567 hay ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə hay SCONJ

ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now

‘So, they eat.’ 568 huy ƛ’ubiləxʷ huy

ƛ’ub–il=axʷ

SCONJ

well–INCH=now

‘Then they recover.’

əlgʷə PL

ə PR

kʷi

ha

REM

good

Martha Williams Lamont

149

569 qʷiq’ʷqʷiq’ʷiləxʷ ti ə caadi stububš qʷiq’ʷ–qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ

ti ə

caadi

stub–ubš

DSTR–strong–INCH=now

PROX

they

PL–man

‘These men grow strong.’ 570 hay gʷəl aˑ q’ʷu ədəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə s ulə hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

a INTJ

q’ʷu –t=axʷ

əlgʷə

ti ə

s ulə

gathered–ICS=now

PL

PROX

dentalia

‘And so they gather the dentalia shells.’ 571 gʷəl q’ʷu ədəxʷ əlgʷə tə di əxʷ ha gʷəl SCONJ

ə kʷi tus ulə

q’ʷu –t=axʷ

əlgʷə

tə

di =axʷ

ha

gathered–ICS=now

PL

NSPEC

FOC=now

good PR

tu=s ulə PAST=dentalia

‘And they gather what were good dentalia shells.’ 572

aw’tbid ə ti ə caadi aw’t–bi–t

ə

new–MAP–ICS

PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘(Dentalia) were new to them.’ 573 huy di s ə əds əlgʷə ti i s ulə huy

di

s ə əd–s

əlgʷə

ti i

s ulə

SCONJ

FOC

food–3PO

PL

DIST

dentalia

‘Then the dentalia (i.e., the shellfish) are (the dwarves’) food.’ 574 qaˑ kʷ(i )uq’ʷu əd əlgʷə qa

kʷi

many

REM

u–q’ʷu –t

əlgʷə

PFV–gathered–ICS

PL

‘What they have gathered is a lot.’ 575 di əxʷ səšə s əlgʷə di =axʷ

s= as–šə =s

əlgʷə

FOC=now

NM=STAT–make=3PO

PL

‘That is what they used.’ 576 tu ʷ əlgʷə p’aƛ’aƛ’ səs ulə s tu ʷ əlgʷə

p’aƛ’aƛ’

s= as– ulə =s

just

worthless

NM=STAT–gather=3PO

PL

‘They have just gathered them indifferently.’

ə

kʷi REM

150

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

577 huy stabigʷs al ti ə gʷə dibə ti i s ulə huy

stabigʷs

al

valuables

SCONJ

at

al ti ə gʷə ti ə dəxʷ as əlgʷə

ti ə

gʷə

dibə

ti i

s ulə

PROX

ASSC

we

DIST

dentalia

ti ə

dəxʷ= a=s

əlgʷə

PROX

ADNM=be.there=3PO

PL

al ti ə at

PROX

gʷə ASSC

‘Then the dentalia from where they are are valuable goods when they belong to us.’ 578 huy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

at

ə

say–ICS–PASS=now PR

SCONJ

al

ə ti si i ab al ti i cədi

cut–t–b=axʷ

ti i

cədi

DIST

s/he

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

ə ‿ti

si –i ab

seemingly

PL–noble

‘And then they are spoken to by this one, sort of the head man for them,’ 579 xʷu ələ

əs aləxʷ kʷi ə bidləp ti ə

xʷu ələ

as– al=axʷ

maybe

kʷi

STAT–how=now

aci talbixʷ ə bid–ləp

REM

ti ə

intentions–2PL.PO

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “What are your intentions towards these people?’ 580 gʷə abaqədəxʷ i gʷə= abaq–t=axʷ

i

SBJ=return–ICS=now

2PL.IMP

‘ “Return them!’ 581 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp gʷə abaqəd ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now

ələp

gʷə= abaq–t

2PL.SUB

SBJ=return–ICS

‘ “You guys should return them.’ 582 gʷəl gʷəgʷiidəxʷ ələp til’ ti i ti luƛ’ lə ibəš li aləxʷ ti ə t ə a ƛ’usəs u ʷs gʷəl

gʷə=gʷihi–t=axʷ

SCONJ

SBJ=invite–ICS=now

ələp 2PL.SUB

li – al=axʷ

ti ə

tə

PRLV–at=now

PROX

NSPEC

til’

ti i

ti

luƛ’ lə= ibəš

ABS

DIST

SPEC

old

a be.there

PROG=travel

ƛ’u=s= as– u ʷ=s HAB=NM=STAT–go=3PO

‘ “And you guys could call that absent one, the old fellow when he travels along the route he customarily goes.’ 583 gʷəl gʷəgʷiidəxʷ ələp gʷəl

gʷə=gʷihi–t=axʷ

SCONJ

SBJ=invite–ICS=now

‘ “And you guys call him.’

ələp 2PL.SUB

Martha Williams Lamont

584 gʷəl di gʷəq’ilid ti ə

151

aci talbixʷ

gʷəl

di

gʷə=q’ili–t

ti ə

SCONJ

FOC

SBJ=aboard–ICS

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “He is the one who can put these people on board.’ 585 gʷəl gʷə u ʷtxʷ gʷəl

gʷə= u ʷ–txʷ

SCONJ

SBJ=go–ECS

‘ “And he could take them.’ 586

əsaydxʷ dxʷ ad as–hay–dxʷ

dxʷ– ad

STAT–known–DC

CNTRPT–where

‘ “He knows which way to (go).’ 587 yə i ƛ’udxʷ a kʷi ƛ’usubibə til’ ti ə luƛ’ xʷəlu yə i because

ƛ’u=dxʷ– a

kʷi

ƛ’u=s= u–bi–bə

til’

ti ə

HAB=CNTRPT–be.there

REM

HAB=NM=PFV–ATTN–fall

ABS

PROX

luƛ’

xʷəlu

old

whale

‘ “Because there is where absent old Whale customarily drops by.” ’ 588 tə axʷ lə əƛ’ ti ə

xʷəlu

tə =axʷ

lə= əƛ’

ti ə

truly=now

PROG=come

PROX

xʷəlu whale

‘Truly now Whale is coming.’ 589 huy cutəbəxʷ ti ə caadi huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

caadi

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

they

‘Then they (the brother) are told,’ 590

əsqʷibəxʷ ələp as–qʷib=axʷ STAT–prepared=now

ələp 2PL.SUB

‘ “You guys be ready.’ 591

u abaqtəbəxʷ ələp dxʷ al ti i u= abaq–t–b=axʷ IRR=return–ICS–PASS=now

ə tudi di i

ələp 2PL.SUB

xʷəlu

dxʷ– al

ti i

CNTRPT–at

DIST

ulə əƛ’ ə tudi PR

DIST.DMA

di i yonder

152

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

xʷəlu

u=lə= əƛ’

whale

IRR=PROG=come

‘ “You guys will be returned to over there by yonder Whale who will come.’ 592

uq’ilagʷiləxʷ ələp li a ələpa ut’ukʷtub u=q’ili–agʷil=axʷ

ələp

HAB=aboard–AUTO=now

li – a

2PL.SUB

ələpa

PRLV–be.there

2PL.COORD

u=t’ukʷ–txʷ–b IRR=go.home–ECS–PASS

‘ “You guys will get a ride along that route and you guys will be taken home.’ 593 yə i ƛ’ubibə dxʷ a ti i

xʷəlu

yə i

ƛ’u= u–bi–bə

dxʷ– a

ti i

because

HAB=PFV–ATTN–fall

CNTRPT–be.there

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘ “Because Whale always drops by there.’ 594 ƛ’uləbəl ʷ al ti i

ad dəxʷ aləp

ƛ’u=lə=bəl ʷ

al ti i

HAB=PROG=PASS.by

at

DIST

ad

dəxʷ= a=lap

where

ADNM=be.there=2PL.PO

‘ “He always passes by that place where you guys are from.’ 595 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp ut’uk’ʷəxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ

ələp

well=now

u=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ

2PL.SUB

IRR=go.home=now

‘ “You guys should go home.’ 596

utə ə axʷ gʷəlapu aci talbixʷ u=tə ə =axʷ

gʷəlapu

IRR=arrive.safely=now

aci talbixʷ

you.guys

people

‘ “You people will arrive safely.’ 597 huy ələp uhəli dubu huy SCONJ

ələp 2PL.SUB

ə ti ə shuy ə

u–həli –dxʷ–bu PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ

ə PR

ti ə

s=huyu

PROX

NM=made

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “Then you have cured us of what was done to us.’ 598 ləskʷədad ələp ti i s ulə səs ulə ləp ləs–kʷəda–t PROG.STAT–taken–ICS

ələp 2PL.SUB

ti i

s ulə

s= as– ulə =lap

DIST

dentalia

NM=STAT–gather=2PL.PO

‘ “You guys are taking that dentalia which you have gathered.’

Martha Williams Lamont

153

599 ləskʷədad ələp ələpa uq’ilid ləs–kʷəda–d

ələp

PROG.STAT–taken–ICS

ələpa

2PL.SUB

u=q’ili–d

2PL.COORD

IRR=aboard–ICS

‘ “You guys are taking them and you will put them on board.’ 600 bək’ʷ ələp uli atxʷ bək’ʷ

u=li – a–txʷ

ələp

all

2PL.SUB

IRR=PRLV–be.there–ECS

‘ “You guys will put everything there.’ 601

u u ʷ dxʷ al kʷi sq’ilitəbləp ə ti i u= u ʷ dxʷ– al IRR=go

CNTRPT–at

xʷəlu

kʷi

s=q’ili–t–b=lap

REM

NM=aboard–ICS–PASS=2PL.PO

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘ “(You guys) will go when you are put on board by Whale.’ 602

əscuucəxʷ ə ti i

xʷəlu dxʷ al gʷəlapu

as–cut–c=axʷ

ə

STAT–say–ALTV=now

ti i

1PL.SUB

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘ “We have told Whale about you guys.’ 603

u abaqtubu əd u= abaq–t–ubu əd IRR=return–ICS–2PL.OBJ

‘ “He will return you guys.” ’ 604 huy əƛ’axʷ ti ə huy

xʷəlu

əƛ’=axʷ come=now

SCONJ

ti ə

xʷəlu whale

PROX

‘Then Whale comes.’ 605 ləƛ’iƛ’q lə=ƛ’i–ƛ’q PROG=ATTN–emerge

‘He is surfacing intermittently.’ 606

iˑ gʷə(l) lə il dxʷ a i INTJ

gʷəl

lə= il

dxʷ– a

SCONJ

PROG=arrive

CNTRPT–be.there

‘Oh, he is arriving there.’

dxʷ– al

gʷəlapu

CNTRPT–at

you.guys

xʷəlu whale

154

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

607 gʷəl ləp’usəb gʷəl

lə=p’usəb

SCONJ

PROG=float

‘And he is on the surface.’ 608 huy dəgʷatəbəxʷ ti ə s ulə huy SCONJ

al stab kʷi səshuytubs ti i s ulə

dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

inside–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

s ulə

al stab

dentalia

at

s= as–huyu–txʷ–b=s

ti i

s ulə

NM=STAT–made–ECS–PASS=3PO

DIST

dentalia

what

kʷi REM

‘Then the dentalia are put in in whatever manner the dentalia were done (i.e., packed).’ 609 gʷəl ha əxʷ ə kʷi s ulə gʷəhikʷikʷ gʷəl

ha =axʷ

ə

SCONJ

good=now

PR

kʷi

s ulə

gʷə=hikʷ–hikʷ

REM

dentalia

SBJ=DSTR–big

‘And they are nice as big dentalia.’ 610 haachaac s ulə haac–haac

s ulə

DSTR–long

dentalia

‘They are long dentalia.’ 611 ha ha good ‘They are nice.’ 612 huy stabigʷs al ti ə caadi dəxʷ as əlgʷə ti i s ulə huy

stabigʷs

SCONJ

valuables

al ti ə at

PROX

caadi

dəxʷ= a=s

əlgʷə

ti i

they

ADNM=be.there=3PO

PL

DIST

s ulə dentalia ‘Then the dentalia are the goods of the (brothers) who are there.’ 613 huy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

gʷəl

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

taken–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘And then they are taken.’

Martha Williams Lamont

155

614 gʷəl q’ilitəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

q’ili–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

aboard–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘And they are put on board.’ 615 gʷəl (h)uy kʷəda i təbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ

gʷəl

huy

kʷəd•a i –t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

taken•hand–ICS–PASS=now

PL

ə

ti ə

PR

PROX

‘And then the people shook their hands.’ 616

ubək’ʷ tsi ə q’il’bidləp u=bək’ʷ IRR=all

tsi ə

q’il’bid–ləp

PROX:FEM

canoe–2PL.PO

‘ “Your canoe will be included.’ 617

uli atub u=li – a–txʷ–b IRR=PRLV–be.there–ECS–PASS

‘ “It will be put in there.’ 618 yə i hiˑkʷ ti i

xʷəlu

yə i

hikʷ ti i

because

big

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘ “Because Whale is big.” ’ 619 hiˑkʷ hikʷ big ‘He is big.’ 620 qaˑ qa many ‘There is a lot (of space inside).’ 621 xʷi kʷi gʷəstab gʷəsəs ’ ids al ti i dəxʷ as xʷi NEG

kʷi

gʷə=stab

gʷə=s= as– ’ id=s

REM

SBJ=what

SBJ=NM=STAT–crowded=3PO

dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘Nothing is crowded in there.’

al ti i at

DIST

aci talbixʷ people

156

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

622 huy cutəbəxʷ huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then they are spoken to.’ 623 cutəbəxʷ ti ə caadi

aci talbixʷ ə ti ə

cut–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

caadi

say–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

they

xʷəlu aci talbixʷ

people

ə PR

ti ə PROX

xʷəlu whale

‘These people are spoken to by Whale,’ 624 xʷi əxʷ kʷi udsə usil xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

NEG=now

REM

u=d=s=lə= usil IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PROG=dive

‘ “I will not be diving.’ 625

u u sil əd u= u– sil

əd

IRR=ATTN–dive

1SG.SUB

‘ “I will dive a bit,’ 626 tu ʷ xʷi lətib əda ubələƛ’iq tu ʷ

xʷi

lə=tib

just

NEG

NEGP=with.effort

əda

u=bə=lə=ƛ’iq

1SG.COORD

IRR=ADD=PROG=emerge

‘ “But not very strenuously and will be surfacing again.’ 627 gʷəl tu ʷ

aləxʷ kʷi uds u ʷəxʷ

əda

ʷul’əxʷ uləgʷə ’acut kʷi udsə u ʷ

dxʷ al gʷəlapu dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsƛ’k’ʷa ləp al kʷi gʷəds u ʷtubə ədəxʷ gʷəl

tu ʷ

SCONJ

just

al=axʷ kʷi at=now

REM

u=d=s= u ʷ=axʷ IRR=1SG.PO=NM=go=now

u=lə=gʷə ’a–t–sut IRR=PROG=search–ICS–REFL

kʷi

əda

ʷul’=axʷ

1SG.COORD only=now

u=d=s=lə= u ʷ

REM

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PROG=go

dxʷ– al CNTRPT–at

gʷəlapu

dxʷ– al

kʷi

gʷə=s=ƛ’k’ʷa =lap

you.guys

CNTRPT–at

REM

SBJ=NM=breath.cut.off=2PL.PO

kʷi

gʷə=d=s= u ʷ–txʷ–bə əd=axʷ

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=go–ECS–2PL.OBJ=now

al at

‘ “And instead, while I go, I will just be careful while I go because of you guys, because you might get your breath chopped off while I am taking you.’

Martha Williams Lamont

157

628 hay di əxʷ ushuyləp hay

di =axʷ

SCONJ

FOC=now

u=s=huyu=lap IRR=NM=made=2PL.PO

‘ “Then that is the way you guys will be.’ 629

ʷul’ ələp asaydxʷ al kʷi udsgʷəƛ’əlad ad al kʷi uds isəbu əd ʷul’

ələp

only

2PL.SUB ad

IRR=STAT–known–DC

al kʷi

where

al kʷi

u= as–hay–dxʷ

at

at

REM

u=d=s=gʷəƛ’əla–t IRR=1SG.PO=NM=stopped–ICS

u=d=s= il–s–bu əd IRR=1SG.PO=NM=arrive–ALTV–2PL.OBJ

REM

‘ “You guys just bear that in mind until I stop where I will take you.’ 630

əsaydxʷ əd ti dəxʷtul’ aləp as–hay–dxʷ

əd

STAT–known–DC

1SG.SUB

ti

dəxʷ=tul’– al=lap

SPEC

ADNM=CNTRFG–at=2PL.PO

‘ “I know where you guys are from.’ 631 gʷəl tu ʷ ulila ad kʷi udskʷa tubu əd gʷəl

tu ʷ

u=lil•a ad

SCONJ

just

IRR=far•side

kʷi REM

u=d=s=kʷa –t–ubu əd IRR=1SG.PO=NM=released–ICS–2PL.OBJ

‘ “And I’ll just let you guys go on the far off side.’ 632 hay ələp uq’ʷib hay

ələp

SCONJ

2PL.SUB

u=q’ʷib IRR=disembark

‘ “Then you guys will get off.’ 633

ubək’ʷ tsi ə q’il’bidləp kʷi

us u ʷs

ələpa utə ə

ə kʷi ha

dxʷ al kʷi

tu iišəd əp tuyəl’yəlabləp u=bək’ʷ IRR=all

tsi ə

q’il’bid–ləp

kʷi

PROX:FEM

canoe–2PL.PO

REM

u=tə ə IRR=arrive.safely

ə PR

u=s= u ʷ=s IRR=NM=go=3PO

kʷi

ha

dxʷ– al

kʷi

REM

good

CNTRPT–at

REM

tu= iišəd– əp

tu=yəl’–yəlab–ləp

PAST=relatives–2PL.PO

PAST=DSTR–elder–2PL.PO

ələpa 2PL.COORD

‘ “With your canoe you guys will go and you will arrive safely in good shape to your relatives, your parents.” ’

158

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

634 puˑtəxʷ tudukʷucut tsi i tusk’ʷuys əlgʷə put=axʷ

tu=dukʷu–t–sut

tsi i

tu=sk’ʷuy–s

əlgʷə

really=now

PAST=abnormal–ICS–REFL

DIST:FEM

PAST=mother–3PO

PL

‘Their former (i.e., bereaved) mother had really been beside herself.’ 635 təš s aab i tsi ə tukia s əlgʷə təš

s aab

misfortune

weeping

i CONJ

tsi ə

tu=kia –s

əlgʷə

PROX:FEM

PAST=grandmother–3PO

PL

‘And their grandmother weeps in grief.’ 636

əs i ’usəxʷ tsi i luƛ’ as– i ’•us=axʷ STAT–cut•head=now

tsi i

luƛ’

DIST:FEM

old

‘That old woman has her hair cut now.’ 637

udᶻaˑqad u–dᶻaqa–t PFV–mourn–ICS

‘She mourns them.’ 638 ƛ’ucucut əbil’əxʷ ləƛ’iq kʷi sup’qs ƛ’u=cut–cut

əbil’=axʷ

HAB=DSTR–say

perhaps=now

lə=ƛ’iq

kʷi

sup’qs

PROG=emerge

REM

hair.seal

‘She always chants if a hair seal surfaces.’ 639 gʷəl ləcucut tsi i cədi

əbil’ ləƛ’iq ti i qʷsyu

gʷəl

lə=cut–cut

tsi i

cədi

əbil’

SCONJ

PROG=DSTR–say

DIST:FEM

s/he

perhaps

lə=ƛ’iq

ti i

PROG=emerge

DIST

qʷsyu porpoise ‘And she says if a porpoise surfaces,’ 640 di ti ə adsxʷi xʷi tə ləšiˑšiˑdᶻ dbəda di

ti ə

ad=sxʷi xʷi

tə

lə=ši–šidᶻ

d–bəda

FOC

PROX

2SG.PO=game

NSPEC

PROG=ATTN–surface

1SG.PO–offspring

‘♪ “That is your prey surfacing, my son. ♪’ 641 di ti ə adsxʷi xʷi tə ləšiˑšiˑdᶻ dbəda di

ti ə

ad=sxʷi xʷi

tə

lə=ši–šidᶻ

d–bəda

FOC

PROX

2SG.PO=game

NSPEC

PROG=ATTN–surface

1SG.PO–offspring

‘♪ “That is your prey surfacing, my son. ♪’

Martha Williams Lamont

159

642 di ti ə adsxʷi xʷi tə ləšiˑ di

ti ə

ad=sxʷi xʷi

tə

lə=šidᶻ

FOC

PROX

2SG.PO=game

NSPEC

PROG=surface

‘♪ “That is your prey surfacing.” ♪’ 643

ə ə əxʷ ə ti ə luƛ’luƛ’ ə –ə =axʷ

ə

DIM.EFF–sick=now

mind

ti ə

luƛ’–luƛ’

PROX

DSTR–old

‘These old people feel bad.’ 644 gʷəl ƛ’u aabəxʷ əlgʷə

ilgʷi

ə ti ə

gʷəl

ƛ’u= u– aab=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

HAB=PFV–cry=now

PL

ʷul il•gʷi

ə

side•waterway

PR

ti ə PROX

ʷul sound

‘And they always weep along the shore of the sound.’ 645

əsa ləb ti ə swatixʷtəd as–ha l–b STAT–good–MD

ti ə

swatixʷtəd

PROX

land

‘This land has calm, good weather.’ 646 gʷəl lə u ʷtub əlgʷə

ə ti ə

xʷəlu

gʷəl

lə= u ʷ–txʷ–b

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=go–ECS–PASS

PL

ə

ti ə

PR

PROX

xʷəlu whale

‘And they are being taken by Whale.’ 647 di tsi ə adkia di FOC

tsi ə PROX:FEM

tsi ə PROX:FEM

i tsi ə adstab tsi ə

ucucut

ad–kia

i

2SG.PO–grandmother

CONJ

tsi ə

ad–stab

PROX:FEM

2SG.PO–what

u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

‘ “The one who is chanting is your grandmother and some other (person) of yours.” ’ 648 di di FOC

u aabəxʷ əw’ə sixʷ tsi ə luƛ’ u– aab=axʷ

əw’ə

sixʷ

tsi ə

luƛ’

PFV–cry=now

PTCL

PTCL

PROX:FEM

old

‘This old woman really cried.’

160

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

649 xʷu ələ ƛ’u ə ə əxʷ ə xʷu ələ

ƛ’u= ə –ə =axʷ

maybe

HAB=DIM.EFF–sick=now

ə mind

‘It seems she felt very sad.’ 650 huy bəl ʷaxʷ huy

bəl ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

PASS.by=now

‘Then they pass by.’ 651 gʷəl (h)uy kʷa təbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə cədi

xʷəlu

gʷəl

huy

kʷa –t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

released–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘And then they are released by Whale.’ 652 tiləb t’aq’t kʷi sbə s əlgʷə tiləb

t’aq’t

kʷi

s=bə a=s

əlgʷə

immediately

inland

REM

NM=fall=3PO

PL

‘Immediately they fall way up on shore.’ 653

a tsi ə q’il’bids əlgʷə a be.there

tsi ə

q’il’bid–s

əlgʷə

PROX:FEM

canoe–3PO

PL

‘There is their canoe.’ 654 ha ha good ‘It is fine.’ 655 tiləb əscikʷ tiləb immediately

as–cikʷ STAT–taut

‘Right away it is taut.’ 656 ha ha good ‘It is fine.’

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

xʷəlu

PROX

s/he

whale

Martha Williams Lamont

657 hay huy ti i

161

5

hay

huy

ti i

SCONJ

made

DIST

‘So that is done.’ 658 di

tu ’axʷacutəxʷ

di

tu= ’axʷa–t–sut=axʷ

FOC

PAST=clubbed–ICS–REFL=now

‘(Whale) beats himself.’ 659 k’ʷəli ti i tushuys k’ʷəli

ti i

tu=s=huyu=s

INTJ

DIST

PAST=NM=made=3PO

‘Now that, as I recall, is what happened!’ 660 šuucəbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə tsi ə young lady

šu –c–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

see–ALTV–PASS=now

PL

ə PR

tsi ə

young

lady

PROX:FEM

young

lady

‘They are seen by a young lady.’ 661

əsdᶻul as–dᶻul STAT–menstruate

‘She is menstruating.’ 662 huy ’axʷacutəxʷ ti i huy SCONJ

xʷəlu

’axʷa–t–sut=axʷ

ti i

clubbed–ICS–REFL=now

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘Then Whale beats himself.’ 663 gʷəl huy k’ʷ axʷ ti i tus uləxʷs əlgʷə gʷəl

huy

k’ʷ =axʷ

ti i

tu=s= uləxʷ=s

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

spill=now

DIST

PAST=NM=gathered=3PO

PL

‘And then their dentalia spilled.’

__________ 5

Hess (2006, 69) notes that at this point Mrs. Lamont intended to wrap up her story, but then remembered additional episodes and continued it.

162

664

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

al tə a a kʷbid ə ti ə cədi tudəxʷtul’ as əlgʷə kʷi sk’ʷə

ə ti i tus ulə s

əlgʷə al at

tə

a

NSPEC

a kʷ–bid

be.there

ə

seaward–RLNL

PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

tu=dəxʷ=tul’– a=s

əlgʷə

kʷi

s=k’ʷə

PAST=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO

PL

REM

NM=spill

tu=s ulə –s

əlgʷə

PAST=dentalia–3PO

PL

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘There to seaward from where they had been, their dentalia spilled.’ 665 gʷəl tu ʷəxʷ əlgʷə

ʷul’əxʷ ukʷa təb ə ti ə q’il’bids əlgʷə

gʷəl

tu ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

just=now

PL

q’il’bid–s

əlgʷə

canoe–3PO

PL

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u–kʷa –t–b

ə

PFV–released–ICS–PASS

PR

‘And they are just released along with their canoe.’ 666 gʷəl tiləb ləsq’il ha gʷəl

tiləb

ləs–q’il

ha

SCONJ

immediately

PROG.STAT–aboard

good

‘And it is stowed on board nicely.’ 667

əs ista k’ʷəli kʷi tushuys əlgʷə as– ista STAT–be.like

k’ʷəli

kʷi

tu=s=huyu=s

əlgʷə

INTJ

REM

PAST=NM=made=3PO

PL

‘As I recall, they had been done (i.e., packed up) this way.’ 668 hay di tus u ʷs tuskʷa dubuts hay

di

tu=s= u ʷ=s

tu=s=kʷa –dxʷ–but=s

SCONJ

FOC

PAST=NM=go=3PO

PAST=NM=released–DC–REFL=3PO

‘So they went, they managed to get themselves free.’ 669 tu ʷ huy tu ʷ

huyu

just

made

‘It is done.’ 670 tuk’ʷə ti i tus ulə s əlgʷə tu=k’ʷə

ti i

tu=s ulə –s

əlgʷə

PAST=spill

DIST

PAST=dentalia–3PO

PL

‘Their dentalia spilled.’

ti ə PROX

Martha Williams Lamont

671

163

ʷul’əxʷ tuk’ʷik’ʷəd kʷsi tuləskʷədtxʷ əlgʷə ti i haˑ ʷul’=axʷ only=now

s ulə

tu=k’ʷi–k’ʷəd

kʷsi

tu=ləs–kʷəd–txʷ

PAST=ATTN–how.many

REM:FEM

PAST=PROG.STAT–taken–ECS

əlgʷə

ti i

ha

s ulə

PL

DIST

good

dentalia

‘There was now only a little bit of what they had been made to carry, those good dentalia.’ 672 qa kʷi dəxʷdiˑ s tuqa kʷi tus ulə

al ti i cədi dəxʷ as əlgʷə

qa

kʷi

dəxʷ=di =s

tu=qa

kʷi

tu=s ulə

many

REM

ADNM=FOC=3PO

PAST=many

REM

PAST=dentalia

cədi

cədi

dəxʷ= a=s

əlgʷə

s/he

s/he

ADNM=be.there=3PO

PL

al ti i at

DIST

‘There were many because there had been many dentalia in the place where they had been.’ 673 yə i huy tuk’ʷə

aha ti i cədi s ulə

yə i

huy

tu=k’ʷə

because

SCONJ

PAST=spill

ah–a INTNS–be.there

ti i

cədi

s ulə

DIST

s/he

dentalia

‘And because those dentalia spilled right there,’ 674 ƛ’up’ədiləxʷ kʷi əs ista dxʷ al ti i dəxʷ as əlgʷə tusəs ulə s əlgʷə ƛ’u=p’ədil=axʷ

kʷi

as– ista

HAB=drift.ashore=now

REM

STAT–be.like

dxʷ– al

ti i

CNTRPT–at

DIST

dəxʷ= a=s

əlgʷə

tu=s= as– ulə =s

əlgʷə

ADNM=be.there=3PO

PL

PAST=NM=STAT–gathered=3PO

PL

‘Stuff of this sort always drifts ashore from where what they had gathered was.’ 675

uk’ʷə təš tsi ə sa s adəy u–k’ʷə PFV–spill

təš

tsi ə

sa

s adəy

misfortune

PROX:FEM

bad

woman

‘It has spilled on account of the misfortunes (caused by) this impure woman.’ 676

uk’ʷa ad tə a lə alil u–k’ʷa a–t PFV–examine–ICS

tə NSPEC

a be.there

lə= alil PROG=go.ashore

‘They examine there what is coming ashore.’

164

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

677 lə ulu lə= ulu PROG=travel.by.water

‘They are going by water.’ 678 huy ’axʷacutəxʷ ti ə huy

ti ə

’axʷa–t–sut=axʷ

SCONJ

clubbed–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

‘Then this one beats himself.’ 679 k’ʷi at ti ə cədi

xʷəlu

k’ʷi at

ti ə

cədi

xʷəlu

sacred

PROX

s/he

whale

‘Whale is sacred.’ 680 yə i huy xʷi gʷəsay dxʷ s gʷəsə ulu s al kʷədi li t’aq’t yə i because

huy

xʷi

gʷə=s=hay–dxʷ=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=NM=known–DC=3PO

gʷə=s=lə= ulu =s

al

SBJ=NM=PROG=travel.by.water=3PO

at

kʷədi

li –t’aq’t

REM.DMA

PRLV–inland

‘Because then it is not known that he would be travelling along the shore.’ 681 gʷəl tu ʷ ti ə tuləxʷk’ʷ acuts ʷul’ ti i dəxʷu ’axʷacuts gʷəl

tu ʷ

ti ə

tu=lə=dxʷ–k’ʷ a–t–sut=s

SCONJ

just

PROX

PAST=PROG=CTD–wild–ICS–REFL=3PO

ʷul’ only

dəxʷ= u– ’axʷa–t–sut=s ADNM=PFV–clubbed–ICS–REFL=3PO

‘And he just became crazed so he just beat himself (with his fins).’ 682 gʷəl tiləb uk’ʷə ti i cədi tusəsq’iləbs ə ti i cədi s ulə gʷəl

tiləb

SCONJ

immediately

u–k’ʷə

ti i

cədi

PFV–spill

DIST

s/he

tu=s= as–q’ili–b=s PAST=NM=STAT–aboard–CSMD=3PO

ə

ti i

cədi

s ulə

PR

DIST

s/he

dentalia

‘And right away the dentalia that they stowed spill.’ 683 tiləbəxʷ buƛ’iq ti ə caadi tiləb=axʷ

bə= u–ƛ’iq

ti ə

caadi

immediately=now

ADD=PFV–emerge

PROX

they

‘Right away (the brothers) come out again.’

ti i DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

165

684 bələsq’iltubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi q’il’bids əlgʷə bə=ləs–q’ili–txʷ–b=axʷ

ə

ADD=PROG.STAT–aboard–ECS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

cədi

q’il’bid–s

PROX

s/he

canoe–3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘They are reloaded into their canoe.’ 685

ʷul’əxʷ bə u ʷ ʷul’=axʷ

bə= u ʷ

only=now

ADD=go

‘They simply go on.’ 686

utab u–taba PFV–do

‘They do it.’ 687 hay ə ti uƛ’iqitəb hay SCONJ

ə ‿ti

u–ƛ’iqi–t–b

seemingly

PFV–emerge–ICS–PASS

‘So, it seems they are taken out.’ 688

udᶻuxʷatəb ə ti ə cədi u–dᶻuxʷat–t–b ə PFV–vomit–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘They are vomited by him (Whale).’ 689 aˑ t’aq’təxʷ əlgʷə hay

t’aq’t=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

inland=now

PL

‘So, they are up on shore now.’ 690

ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə bu ulu ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əlgʷə

bə= u– ulu

PL

ADD=PFV–travel.by.water

‘They just canoe some more.’ 691 gʷəhaw’ə di s ilsəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i cədi tudəxʷ as gʷəhaw’ə

di

s= il–s=axʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

ti i

cədi

seemingly

FOC

NM=arrive–ALTV=now

PL

CNTRPT–at

DIST

s/he

166

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

tu=dəxʷ= a=s PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘It seems that they arrive at that place where they were from.’ 692

ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘They are there now.’

693 gʷəl (h)uy u ihista ti i gʷəl SCONJ

SCONJ

’ətqs

’a ’as al kʷədi ti ’ətqs di i

u– ihista

huy

ti i

PFV–like.manner

DIST

’a ’as child

al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

di i

point

yonder

‘And then at the same time there is a boy way off there on the point.’ 694

a tə a a be.there

tə

a be.there

NSPEC

‘There he is there.’ 695 gʷəl ahəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ

a=axʷ

əlgʷə

be.there=now

PL

‘And there they were now.’ 696

əs aliləxʷ əlgʷə as– alil=axʷ

əlgʷə

STAT–go.ashore=now

PL

‘They are ashore now.’ 697 gʷəl (h)uy əƛ’axʷ ta a gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

’a ’as

əƛ’=axʷ

ta a

come=now

’a ’as

DIST:UNQ.DMA

child

‘And then that boy comes.’ 698 gʷəl ləcutəb ə ti acəc ti ə di ə gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

ə PR

ti acəc

ti ə

di ə

UNQ

PROX

here

‘And it is said by this one (of the brothers),’

ti SPEC

Martha Williams Lamont

699 ləli

167

u sixʷ ə ti cədi tusu suq’ʷa

ləli different

u

sixʷ

ə

INT

PTCL

PR

ti ə

ə ti ə

u ihista

ti

cədi

tu=su –suq’ʷa

SPEC

s/he

PAST=ATTN–younger.sibling

ə 1PL.PO

u– əy’– ista

PROX

PFV–find–be.like

‘ “Is this familiar one different from our former little younger bother?” ’ 700

aləxʷ ti i tušudxʷs əlgʷə ti i tusu suq’ʷa s gʷəl cutəb ə ti ə al=axʷ ti i at=now

tu=s=šu –dxʷ=s

əlgʷə

PAST=NM=see–DC=3PO

DIST

PL

ti i DIST

tu=su –suq’ʷa –s

gʷəl

cut–t–b

PAST=ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

‘On catching sight of their little younger brother, it is said by him’ 701 cutəb ə ti ə cut–t–b

ə

say–ICS–PASS

ti ə

PR

PROX

‘It is said by him,’ 702 di ti tusu suq’ʷa

ə ti i

di

ti

tu=su –suq’ʷa

FOC

SPEC

PAST=ATTN–younger.sibling

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “That is our former little younger brother.’ 703 ha ha good

ə ugʷiid ə 1PL.SUB

u=gʷihi–t IRR=invite–ICS

‘ “We should call him over.” ’ 704 huy gʷiidəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə

’a ’as

huy

gʷihi–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

ti ə

SCONJ

invite–ICS=now

PL

PROX

‘Then they call the boy over.’ 705 gʷəl ’icutəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

’it–t–sut=axʷ near–ICS–REFL=now

‘And he approaches.’

’a ’as child

ti i DIST

ə PR

ti ə PROX

168

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

706 dibə ti ə dəxʷsqatəd dibə

ti ə

dəxʷsqatəd

we

PROX

older.sibling

‘ “We are (your) older brothers.’ 707

u alildub ə

ə ti xʷəlu

al ti ə

u– alil–dxʷ–b

u abaqtəb ə

ə

PFV–go.ashore–DC–PASS

ə

1PL.SUB PR

u– abaq–t–b

ti

xʷəlu

al

whale

SPEC

at

ti ə PROX

ə

PFV–return–ICS–PASS

1PL.SUB

‘ “We were put ashore here by Whale when we were returned.’ 708 ti tusƛ’iq’a ibtub ə uhuyutəb ə sqada ti

tu=s=ƛ’iq’•a i –b–txʷ–b

SPEC

PAST=NM=sticky•hand–MD–ECS–PASS

ə

ə

u=huyu–t–b

1PL.PO

IRR=made–ICS–PASS

s–qada

1PL.SUB

NP–steal

‘ “As our hands were made to stick, we were made to be kidnapped.’ 709 gʷəl u il ə gʷəl

u– il

SCONJ

ə

PFV–arrive

1PL.SUB

‘ “And we have arrived.’ 710 ƛ’ub əxʷ ut’uk’ʷ xʷa yəcəb dxʷ al ti i ad iišəd ƛ’ub well

əxʷ

u–t’uk’ʷ

2SG.SUB

xʷa

PFV–go.home

yəc–b

2SG.COORD report–MD

ad– iišəd 2SG.PO–relatives ‘ “You should go home and tell your family,’ 711

u əy’dubu

əxʷ al ti ə

u– əy’–dxʷ–bu PFV–find–DC–1PL.OBJ

əƛ’a ad əxʷ

al

2SG.SUB

at

ti ə PROX

əƛ’•a ad come•side

‘ “You have found us on this side.’ 712 xʷi kʷi stiləb ə ut’uk’ʷ xʷi

kʷi

s=tiləb

NEG

REM

NM=immediately

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “We will not go home right away.’

u=t’uk’ʷ IRR=go.home

dxʷ– al

ti i

CNTRPT–at

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

169

713 ƛ’ub uqʷibid əlgʷə kʷi dəxʷ as ƛ’ub

u–qʷibi–t

well

PFV–prepared–ICS

a ut’uk’ʷəxʷ

əlgʷə

kʷi

dəxʷ= a=s

PL

REM

ADNM=be.there=3PO

a 1PL.COORD

u=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ IRR=go.home=now

‘ “They should prepare that place and then we will go home.’ 714 gʷəl u əƛ’cbu əlgʷə gʷəl

a u a

u= əƛ’–c–bu

əlgʷə

IRR=come–ALTV–1PL.OBJ

SCONJ

a

u= a

1PL.COORD

PL

IRR=be.there

‘ “And they will come for us and we will be there.’ 715 yaw’ ə asqʷib yaw’

a u alil

ə

only.if

u= as–qʷib

1PL.SUB

a

IRR=STAT–prepared

u= alil

1PL.COORD

IRR=go.ashore

‘ “Not until we are ready, will we come ashore.’ 716

asq’ʷu ti i

iišəds əlgʷə

u= as–q’ʷu

ti i

IRR=STAT–gathered

a

DIST

a u alil

a uq’ʷib.

iišəd–s

əlgʷə

relatives–3PO

PL

a 1PL.COORD

u= alil IRR=go.ashore

u=q’ʷib

1PL.COORD

IRR=disembark

‘ “Their relatives will gather and we will come ashore and disembark.” ’ 717

u ʷəxʷ ti ə

’a ’as

u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now

PROX

’a ’as child

‘The boy goes.’ 718 gʷəl yəcəbaxʷ dxʷ al ti i

iišəds

gʷəl

yəc–b=axʷ

dxʷ– al

ti i

SCONJ

report–MD=now

CNTRPT–at

DIST

‘And he tells his family.’ 719 tiləbəxʷ udukʷtub tiləb=axʷ immediately=now

u–dukʷu–txʷ–b PFV–abnormal–ECS–PASS

‘Right away he is gotten angry with,’

iišəd–s relatives–3PO

170

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

720 yaw’ u di bədi ti ə adsəxʷsqatəd tušubali yaw’

u

only.if

INT

di

bə=di

FOC ADD=FOC

ti ə

ad–səxʷsqatəd

tu=šubali

PROX

2SG.PO–older.brother

PAST=many.die

‘ “Could your older brothers who have died be the very ones (of whom you speak)? ’ 721 gʷəl badsuyəcəb6 gʷəl

bə=ad=s= u–yəc–b

SCONJ

ADD=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–report–MD

‘ “And (they) are what you are talking about?” ’ 722 huy bəgʷəlaltəbəxʷ ti ə

’a ’as

huy

bə=gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

ADD=harmed–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

’a ’as child

‘Then the boy is beaten again.’ 723

’axʷaptəbəxʷ ’axʷ•ap–t–b=axʷ clubbed•bottom–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is spanked.’

724 gʷəl aabəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

aab=axʷ cry=now

‘And he cries.’ 725 put bəyəcəb put

bə=yəc–b

really

ADD=report–MD

‘He really told them again,’ 726 huy di ti dsqa ti i ti i

al tudi

huy

di

ti

d–sqa

ti i

ti i

SCONJ

FOC

SPEC

1SG.PO–older.brother

DIST

DIST

al at

tudi DIST.DMA

‘ “But they are my older brothers, the ones over there.” ’

__________ 6

What is heard on tape is [badsuyəcəbləp], which is clearly a misspeaking as it bears both the secondperson singular possessive prefix and the second-person plural possessive suffix. Given that there is only one boy who has spoken, the form with the singular prefix is used here.

Martha Williams Lamont

171

727 bədukʷtub bə=dukʷu–txʷ–b ADD=abnormal–ECS–PASS

‘Again he is gotten angry with,’ 728 xʷi əxʷ sixʷ kʷi badscucut xʷi =axʷ

sixʷ

kʷi

bə=ad=s=cut–cut

NEG=now

PTCL

REM

ADD=2SG.PO=NM=DSTR–say

‘ “Don’t say that again!’ 729 hiwiləxʷ hiwil=axʷ go.ahead=now ‘ “Go on!’ 730 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!” ’ 731 tubəlkʷaxʷ tu=bəlkʷ=axʷ PAST=return=now

‘He returned.’ 732 gʷəl bəyəcəb dxʷ al ti ə sqas gʷəl

bə=yəc–b

dxʷ– al

ti ə

sqa–s

SCONJ

ADD=report–MD

CNTRPT–at

PROX

older.brother–3PO

‘And again he told his older brothers,’ 733

ʷul’ əd ugʷəlaltəb ə ti dsluƛ’luƛ’ ə ti ə ʷul’ only

əd

u–gʷəlal–t–b

1SG.SUB ti ə

PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS

u ’axʷaptəd əd ə

PR

ti

d=s=luƛ’–luƛ’

SPEC

1SG.PO=NM=DSTR–old

u– ’axʷ•ap–t–id

PROX

əd

PFV–clubbed•bottom–ICS–PASS:SBRD

‘ “I am only punished by my elders with a spanking.’ 734 gʷəl dxʷsqʷacdub əd gʷəl

dxʷs–qʷacdxʷ–b

SCONJ

CTD–doubt–PASS

‘ “And I am doubted.” ’

əd 1SG.SUB

1SG.SUB

ə PR

172

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

735 gʷəl ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ uləskʷədad ti acəc stab ti i us abyitəbs s ic’əb u stab gʷəl

ƛ’ub=axʷ

SCONJ

well=now

əxʷ

u=ləs–kʷəda–t

2SG.SUB

ti acəc stab

IRR=PROG.STAT–taken–ICS

u=s= ab–yi–t–b=s IRR=NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

UNQ

s ic’əb

u

stab

blanket

INTJ

what

what

ti i DIST

‘And, “You should be holding these very things that will be given, blankets, and things.’ 736

uləskʷədad əxʷ ti di dsgʷa ds abyicid əxʷ

u=ləs–kʷəda–t IRR=PROG.STAT–taken–ICS

2SG.SUB

ti

di

d–sgʷa

SPEC

FOC

1SG.PO–one’s.own

d=s= ab–yi–t–sid 1SG.PO=NM=extend–DAT–ICS–2SG.OBJ ‘ “You will be taking this that is mine which I give to you.’ 737 cutbicid

əd

cut–bi–t–sid

əd

say–MAP–ICS–2SG.OBJ

1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m telling you,’ 738

uləskʷədad əxʷ əxʷ

u=ləs–kʷəda–t IRR=PROG.STAT–taken–ICS

2SG.SUB

‘ “You will take them.” ’ 739 tə

əd u əy’dxʷ ti i dsqa cəxʷsqatəd sə sa

tə

u– əy’–dxʷ

əd

truly

1SG.SUB

PFV–find–DC

li

al tudi

ti i

d–sqa

DIST

1SG.PO–older.brother

d–dəxʷsqatəd

səsa li

1SG.PO–older.sibling

two:HMN

al at

tudi DIST.DMA

‘ “You will say, ‘I truly did find my older brothers, my two older brothers over there.’ 740

aƛ’txʷ əlgʷə kʷi səsq’ʷu ləpəxʷ aƛ’–txʷ desired–ECS

əlgʷə

kʷi

s= as–q’ʷu =lap=axʷ

PL

REM

NM=STAT–gathered=2PL.PO=now

‘ “ ‘They want you guys to gather.’ 741 hay ələp u u ʷcəxʷ ələpa ugʷiidəxʷ hay SCONJ

ələp 2PL.SUB

u= u ʷ–c=axʷ IRR=go–ALTV=now

ələpa 2PL.COORD

‘ “ ‘So you guys will go and you will invite them.’

u=gʷihi–t=axʷ IRR=invite–ICS=now

Martha Williams Lamont

173

742 gʷəl u ubəhəxʷ əlgʷə yaw’ dxʷ al ti al al gʷəl

u= ubə=həxʷ IRR=go.inland=now

SCONJ

əlgʷə

yaw’

dxʷ– al

ti

PL

only.if

CNTRPT–at

SPEC

‘ “ ‘And not until then will they come up from shore to the house.’ 743

asqʷibəxʷ u= as–qʷib=axʷ IRR=STAT–prepared=now

‘ “ ‘It will be ready by then.’ 744 q’ʷu q’ʷu əd ti ə sqʷ ay txʷləp q’ʷu –q’ʷu –t

ti ə

sqʷ ay txʷ–ləp

DISTr–gathered–ICS

PROX

house.planks–2PL.PO

‘ “ ‘Your house planks are (to be) brought together.’ 745 gʷəl uhaadᶻadi kʷi usəshuys gʷəl u=haadᶻ•adi kʷi IRR=long•side

SCONJ

REM

u=s= as–huyu=s IRR=NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘ “ ‘And the house will be lengthened.’ ” ’ 746 ti i tudəxʷhuysəxʷ əs ista ti i

tu=dəxʷ=huyu=s=axʷ

DIST

PAST=ADNM=made=3PO=now

‘That is why they were made like that.’ 747 cutəxʷ ti ə

’a ’as

cut=axʷ

ti ə

say=now

PROX

’a ’as child

‘The boy speaks.’ 748 yəcəbaxʷ yəc–b=axʷ report–MD=now ‘He tells them.’ 749 gʷəl (h)uy ucutəb gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS

‘And then it is said,’

as– ista STAT–be.like

al al house

174

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

750 tə xʷu ələ

ə ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ

tə

xʷu ələ

ə

truly

maybe

PR

ti ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

PROX

poor.guy

‘ “It seems that the poor fellow is right.’ 751 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp xʷi ləbəgʷəlald ƛ’ub=axʷ

ələp

well=now

2PL.SUB

xʷi

lə=bə=gʷəlal–t

NEG

NEGP=ADD=harmed–ICS

‘ “You guys should not punish him any more.’ 752 ƛ’ub ələp ušuuc ti ə ƛ’ub

ələp

well

2PL.SUB

u–šu –c

ti ə

PFV–see–ALTV

PROX

‘ “You guys should take a look at this.’ 753 huyucut i ə kʷi a huyu–t–sut made–ICS–REFL

i

ə

2PL.IMP PR

kʷi

a fast

REM

‘ “You guys get ready quickly.’ 754 tə xʷu ələ ti ə sucucuts tə

xʷu ələ

ti ə

s= u–cut–cut=s

truly

maybe

PROX

NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘It seems that what he has been saying is true.” ’ 755 huy dᶻi icutəxʷ ti ə aci talbixʷ huy dᶻi i–t–sut=axʷ ti ə SCONJ

broken–ICS–REFL=now

aci talbixʷ

PROX

people

‘Then these people dismantle their houses.’ 756 gʷəl q’ʷu ədəxʷ ti ə ti i ƛ’uqʷ ay txʷs əlgʷə

ʷul’ul’ ƛ’ustab ƛ’uk’ʷat’aq stab

ti i ƛ’u al als əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ

q’ʷu –t=axʷ

ti ə

ti i

ƛ’u=qʷ ay txʷ–s

gathered–ICS=now

PROX

DIST

HAB=house.planks–3PO

ʷul’–ul’ INTNS–only

əlgʷə PL

ƛ’u–stab

ƛ’u=k’ʷat’aq

stab

ti i

ƛ’u= al al–s

HAB=what

HAB=mat

what

DIST

HAB=house–3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘And they gather these, their house planks, only the (best) things, cattail-mats, what they have in their houses.’

Martha Williams Lamont

757 huy huyudəxʷ əlgʷə

175

ti ə

ʷul’ də ’u hikʷ hikʷ al al dxʷ al kʷi usq’ʷu səxʷ

əlgʷə huy

huyu–t=axʷ made–ICS=now

SCONJ

dxʷ– al

kʷi

CNTRPT–at

REM

əlgʷə

ti ə

ʷul’ də ’u

PL

PROX

only

hikʷ hikʷ

one

big

u=s=q’ʷu =s=axʷ

big

al al house

əlgʷə

IRR=NM=gathered=3PO=now

PL

‘Then they make just one great big house for them to gather in.’ 758 huy u ʷcəbəxʷ ti i cədi huy

ə ti ə səsa li tusluƛ’luƛ’s

u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now

SCONJ

ti i

cədi

ə

DIST

s/he

PR

ti ə

səsa li

PROX

two:HMN

tu=s=luƛ’–luƛ’–s PAST=NM=DSTR–old–3PO

‘Then two of their former elders went to (the brothers-in-law).’ 759

isəbəxʷ il–s–b=axʷ arrive–ALTV–PASS=now ‘They are arrived at.’

760 gʷəl (h)uy cutəbəxʷ gʷəl

huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And they are spoken to,’ 761 dibə ti ə dibə

ti ə

we

PROX

‘ “We are the ones.’ 762 tu ʷ ə

aƛ’txʷ kʷi sƛ’ubləp əsqʷib

a u iltxʷəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi tushuyutəb ə

s ušəbabdxʷ ələpa tuhuyəxʷ s ušəbabdxʷ tu ʷ just

ə

aƛ’–txʷ

1PL.SUB a

desired–ECS

kʷi

s=ƛ’ub=lap

REM

NM=well=2PL.PO

u= il–txʷ=axʷ

1PL.COORD

IRR=arrive–ECS=now

tu=s=huyu–t–b PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS

as–qʷib

dxʷ– al

kʷi

CNTRPT–at

REM

ə 1PL.PO

STAT–prepared

s ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy

ələpa 2PL.COORD

176

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

tu=huyu=axʷ

s ušəbabdxʷ

PAST=made=now

poor.guy

‘ “We want you guys to be ready and we will arrive with (the story) of how we were made miserable and you guys were made miserable.’ 763

dxʷs cutəbəxʷ ələp u atəbəd ə dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ

ələp

CTD–say–DSD=now

u– atəbəd

2PL.SUB

ə

PFV–die

1PL.SUB

‘ “You guys think that we have died.” ’ 764 huy tu u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy

tu= u ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PAST=go=now

PL

‘Then they go.’ 765

ubətubəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti i

ubə–txʷ–b=axʷ

aci talbixʷ əlgʷə

go.inland–ECS–PASS=now

PL

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

aci talbixʷ people

‘They are brought up from the shore by those people.’ 766

uq’ʷu təbəxʷ əlgʷə u–q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

PFV–gathered–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘They were gathered.’ 767 huy gʷəl tuyəcəbaxʷ əlgʷə əlgʷə tusgʷəlaltəbs əlgʷə huy SCONJ

ə ti ə tushuyutəbs əlgʷə

ə ti i tusƛ’iq’a iyibtubs

ə ti acəc ə ti i cədi tuluƛ’ tu ə təds əlgʷə

gʷəl

tu=yəc–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PAST=report–MD=now

tu=s=huyu–t–b=s

əlgʷə

PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

ə PR

PL

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

PAST=NM=sticky•hand–DAT–MD–ECS–PASS=3PO

əlgʷə

PAST=NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO

PROX

əlgʷə

tu=s=ƛ’iq’•a i –yi–b–txʷ–b=s tu=s=gʷəlal–t–b=s

ti ə

PL

PL

ə PR

ti acəc UNQ

cədi

tu=luƛ’

tu= ə təd–s

əlgʷə

s/he

PAST=old

PAST=in.law–3PO

PL

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘So they told about what was done to them by him, about their hands having been caused to stick, their having been punished by this very one, by that old man, their in-law.’

Martha Williams Lamont

768

alšs əlgʷə tsi ə

177

əgʷas ə ti ə dxʷsp’ayəq

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

əlgʷə

tsi ə

PL

PROX:FEM

əgʷas

ə

wife

PR

ti ə

dxʷs–p’ayəq

PROX

PROC–hew

‘The wife of this canoe maker is their sister.’ 769 gʷəl xʷi gʷəƛ’usu iltəbs ə tsi ə s adəy ti ə də icil ə ti i luƛ’ gʷəl

xʷi

gʷə=ƛ’u=s= u– il–t–b=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=HAB=NM=PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO

s adəy

ti ə

dəxʷ= icil

woman

PROX

ADNM=angry

ə ə

ti i

luƛ’

PR

DIST

old

PR

tsi ə PROX:FEM

‘And the woman would not give the old man food, which is why he was angry.’ 770

əs ista kʷi dəxʷ u ulabs as– ista STAT–be.like

kʷi

dəxʷ= u ulab=s

REM

ADNM=remember=3PO

‘They recalled it like this:’ 771 gʷəl ƛ’iq’a iyibtubəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

ƛ’iq’•a i –yi–b–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

sticky•hand–DAT–MD–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘And their hands are caused to stick.’ 772 p’ayəq yitəb əxʷ əlgʷə p’ayəq–yi–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

hew–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘They are made a carving.’ 773 gʷəl saxʷəbtubəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə sdukʷ

gʷəl

saxʷəb–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

jump–ECS–PASS=now

PL

ə PR

ti ə

s–dukʷu

PROX

NP–abnormal

‘And they are run off with by this supernatural thing.’ 774 di əxʷ syəcəbs əlgʷə di =axʷ

s=yəc–b=s

əlgʷə

FOC=now

NM=report–MD=3PO

PL

‘That is what they tell them.’ 775

ʷul’əxʷ ə

u alildub al ti i liˑl ti i tusaxʷəbtub ə

swatixʷtəd dəxʷ a ə ti i qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ti i s ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ə 1PL.SUB

u– alil–dxʷ–b PFV–go.ashore–DC–PASS

al tudi sbə a ad ə tə

ildub ə əw’ə al ti i at

DIST

lil

ti i

far

DIST

178

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b

ə

PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS

tə NSPEC

al tudi

1PL.PO

at

DIST.DMA

swatixʷtəd

dəxʷ= a

ə

land

ADNM=be.there

PR

ə

ti i

s= il–dxʷ–b

DIST

NM=arrive–DC–PASS

s=bə a ad NM=far.edge

ə PR

ti i

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

DIST

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

əw’ə

1PL.PO

PTCL

‘ “We were just put ashore there, in that far (place) where we had been run off with at the far edge of the world where the dwarves are, where we were taken.” ’ 776 s a s gʷəl tugʷa tə swatixʷtəd s= a =s

gʷəl

tu=gʷa

tə

swatixʷtəd

NM=arrive=3PO

SCONJ

PAST=clear

NSPEC

land

‘Upon getting there, the world cleared.’ 777 yə i tasqʷšaabəxʷ yə i

tu= as–qʷšaab=axʷ

because

PAST=STAT–foggy=now

‘Because the world had been fogged over.’ 778 xʷ i a ʷ gʷəstabəxʷ gʷəšudub xʷi =a ʷ

gʷə=stab=axʷ

gʷə=s=šu –dxʷ–b

NEG=now

SBJ=what=now

SBJ=NM=see–DC–PASS

‘Nothing could be seen.’ 779 gʷəl ʷul’ tu ildub əlgʷə gʷəl

ʷul’

SCONJ

only

tu= il–dxʷ–b

əlgʷə

PAST=arrive–DC–PASS

PL

‘And they had simply been taken.’ 780 gʷəl tugʷa gʷəl

tu=gʷa

SCONJ

PAST=clear

‘And it cleared.’ 781 tuwəli il ti ə swatixʷtəd ti i tə tudəxʷ əy’cu ts tu=wəli –il

ti ə

swatixʷtəd

ti i

tə

PAST=visible–INCH

PROX

land

DIST

NSPEC

tu=dəxʷ= əy’–t–sut=s PAST=ADNM=find–ICS–REFL=3PO

‘This land where they found themselves became visible.’

Martha Williams Lamont

179

782 gʷəl liləxʷ ə gʷəl

lil=axʷ

SCONJ

far=now

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “And we were far away.’ 783

adəxʷ ad=axʷ where=now ‘ “Where?” ’

784 gʷəhaw’ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ swatixʷtəd ti ə dəxʷ ils gʷəhaw’ə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

swatixʷtəd

ti ə

dəxʷ= il=s

seemingly

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

land

PROX

ADNM=arrive=3PO

‘Where they arrive seems to be dwarf country.’ 785

ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘There they are.’

786

a ə

al ti i qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ

a

ə

be.there

al

1PL.SUB

at

ti i

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

DIST

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘ “There we were with the dwarves.” ’ 787 huy šidᶻtəbəxʷ ti ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ huy šidᶻ–t–b=axʷ ti ə qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ sneak.attack–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

ti ə

bu qʷ

PROX

waterfowl

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

ə PR

‘Then the dwarves are attacked without warning by the Duck People.’ 788 ha kʷ ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ ha kʷ

ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ

long.time

HAB=fight

‘For a long time they had been fighting.’ 789

ʷul’ ƛ’u ili tub ti ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ ʷul’ only

ƛ’u= ili –txʷ–b

ti ə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

HAB=battle–ECS–PASS

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

ə PR

ti ə PROX

180

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

bu qʷ waterfowl ‘The dwarves are always just attacked by the Duck People.’ 790 həd iw’əxʷ ti ə bu qʷ tul’šqalatxʷ həd iw’=axʷ

ti ə

bu qʷ

tul’–šq•alatxʷ

indoors=now

PROX

waterfowl

CNTRFG–high•house

‘The Duck People enter the house from the roof.’ 791 cucut ti ə dii ’u cut–cut

ti ə

dii ’u

DSTR–say

PROX

one:HMN

‘One (dwarf) said,’ 792 ƛ’utul’ a tə ƛ’us əƛ’ ə ti i bu qʷ

a ƛ’ušubutəb al ti

ƛ’u=tul’– a

tə

ƛ’u=s= əƛ’

HAB=CNTRPT–be.there

NSPEC

HAB=NM=come

a

al

ƛ’u=šubu–t–b

1PL.COORD

HAB=many.die–ICS–PASS

at

ə

ti i

bu qʷ

PR

DIST

waterfowl

ti SPEC

‘ “From there those Duck People always come and we are slain here.’ 793

ʷul’ ələp əshuyucut ad kʷi dəxʷ aləp ələpa xʷi lə ə itub ʷul’

ələp

only

2PL.SUB ələpa 2PL.COORD

as–huyu–t–sut

ad

STAT–made–ICS–REFL

where

kʷi

dəxʷ= a=lap

REM

ADNM=be.there=2PL.PO

xʷi

lə= ə id–txʷ–b

NEG

NEGP=what.happen–ECS–PASS

‘ “You guys just prepare yourselves where you are and nothing will happen to you.” ’ 794

ahəxʷ əlgʷə

ʷul’əxʷ al kʷədi

ad kʷi səscaq’šadubs səs adᶻils əlgʷə

i ti ə

ay’əds a=axʷ

əlgʷə

be.there=now

PL

ʷul’=axʷ

al kʷədi

only=now at

REM.DMA

ad where

kʷi REM

–

s= as–caq’•šad–dxʷ–b=s

s= as– ac il=s

NM=STAT–impaled•leg–DC–PASS=3PO

NM=STAT–hidden–INCH=3PO

əlgʷə PL

i CONJ

ti ə PROX

ay’əd–s companion–3PO

‘They are there now just where they were led, they were hidden, he and his companion.’

Martha Williams Lamont

795

181

a ti ə səsƛ’uq’ʷagʷils əlgʷə a be.there

ti ə

s= as–ƛ’uq’ʷ–agʷil=s

əlgʷə

PROX

NM=STAT–cram.in–AUTO=3PO

PL

‘There they get themselves into a very snug place.’ 796 huy iləxʷ ti ə s ili huy

il=axʷ begin=now

SCONJ

ti ə

s= ili

PROX

NM=battle

‘Then the battle begins.’ 797 huy həd iw’əxʷ ti i cədi bu qʷ kʷi balgʷas ə ti bu qʷ huy SCONJ

həd iw’=axʷ

ti i

cədi

bu qʷ

kʷi

balgʷas

ə

indoors=now

DIST

s/he

waterfowl

REM

all.kinds

PR

bu qʷ waterfowl ‘Then the Duck People, all kinds of waterfowl, enter the house.’ 798 ləli kʷi dᶻixʷ ləli kʷi dᶻixʷ ləli kʷi dᶻixʷ ləli different

first

REM

different

kʷi

dᶻixʷ

REM

first

‘The first is different, the next is different.’ 799 ti ə

i stab i stab

ti ə PROX

i

stab what

CONJ

i

stab

CONJ

what

‘Both this kind and that kind.’ 800 swuq’ʷadi

i ʷətis i stab

swuq’ʷadi

i

loon

ʷətis

CONJ

i

silver.diver

stab

CONJ

what

‘There is Loon and Silver Diver and other kinds.’ 801

də ’axʷ sbə də ’axʷ

s–bə

once

NP–fall

‘One after another.’ 802 ti acəc stab tsi tsi i tusqʷi qʷi adəxʷ ti acəc

stab

tsi

tsi i

tu=s=qʷi –qʷi ad=axʷ

UNQ

what

SPEC:FEM

DIST:FEM

PAST=NM=DSTR–call.out=now

‘That very one, the one who called out,’

ti SPEC

182

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

803 cutəxʷ ti acəc cədi cut=axʷ

ti acəc

cədi

say=now

UNQ

s/he

‘She speaks.’ 804

al ti i sbək’ʷiləxʷ ə ti ə al at

aci talbixʷ uqʷqʷatiləxʷ

ti i

s=bək’ʷ–il=axʷ

DIST

NM=all–INCH=now

ə PR

ti ə PROX

aci talbixʷ people

u–qʷ–qʷata–il=axʷ PFV–RDP–laid.out–INCH=now

‘When the people are finished off, they lie all about.’ 805 ləxʷəbtəb ti ə lə=xʷəb–t–b

ti ə

PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS

PROX

‘They had been thrown.’ 806 stab ti ə dəxʷut’uc’utəbs ti ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ stab

ti ə

dəxʷ= u–t’uc’u–t–b=s

ti ə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

what

PROX

ADNM=PFV–shot–ICS–PASS=3PO

PROX

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘What have the dwarves been shot with?’ 807 tiləb lə atəbəd tiləb

lə= atəbəd

immediately

PROG=die

‘Right away they are dying.’ 808 tiləb lə atəbəd tiləb

lə= atəbəd

immediately

PROG=die

‘Right away they are dying.’ 809 huy šubalihəxʷ huy

šubali=həxʷ

SCONJ

many.die=now

‘Then they die.’ 810 day’ay’əxʷ əlgʷə day’–ay’=axʷ

əlgʷə

INTNS–really=now

PL

‘The brothers are alone.’

Martha Williams Lamont

183

811 lə i ilil al ti ə dəxʷ as lə= i ilil

al ti ə

PROG=make.noises

at

dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

PROX

‘They are making noises where they are.’ 812 huy cutəxʷ huy

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

say=now

‘Then he speaks,’ 813 ƛ’ubəxʷ ə

u ’axʷalikʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ

ƛ’ub=axʷ

u– ’axʷa–alikʷ

ə

PFV–clubbed–ACT

PR

ə

well=now

1PL.SUB

ti ə

bu qʷ

PROX

waterfowl

‘ “We should batter these Duck People.’

ha

s ə əd

udᶻəgʷa il əw’ə ƛ’us i u ili ti ə u–dᶻəgʷa –il əw’ə

good

food

PROX

814 ha

s ə əd ti ə

PFV–expert–INCH

ƛ’u=s= i – u– ili HAB=NM=PRTV–PFV–battle

PTCL

‘ “Those that have (fought) expertly in battle are good food.’ 815

s tabəxʷ kʷi gʷədəxʷ ’axʷalikʷ ə

ə ti ə bək’ʷ stab ti ə ha

stab=axʷ

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ= ’axʷa–alikʷ

what=now

REM

SBJ=ADNM=clubbed–ACT

stab

ti ə

ha

what

PROX

good

ə PR

ə

ə

1PL.PO

tə

bu qʷ

NSPEC

waterfowl

PR

ə tə bu qʷ ti ə

bək’ʷ

PROX

all

‘ “What can we use to club all these whatever, these good ducks?” ’ 816 huy ’axʷalikʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

ə ti ə

’axʷa–alikʷ=axʷ

ʷubt

əlgʷə

clubbed–ACT=now

ə PR

PL

ti ə

ʷubt

PROX

paddle

‘Then they beat them with the paddle.’ 817 yə i a ti i yə i because

ʷubts əlgʷə a

be.there

ti i

ʷubt–s paddle–3PO

DIST

əlgʷə PL

‘Because their paddle is there.’ 818

’axʷdupədəxʷ əlgʷə ti i stab kʷi gʷəsqas kʷi gʷəs ə əds əlgʷə ’axʷ•dup–t=axʷ clubbed•COLL–ICS=now

əlgʷə

ti i

stab

kʷi

gʷə=s=qa=s

PL

DIST

what

REM

SBJ=NM=many=3PO

184

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

kʷi

gʷə=s ə əd–s

əlgʷə

REM

SBJ=food–3PO

PL

‘They club them everywhere so there would be a lot for their food.’ 819 hay kʷa əd əlgʷə hay

kʷa –t

əlgʷə

SCONJ

released–ICS

PL

‘So, they let them go.’ 820 huy u ʷəxʷ t[s]i huy

u ʷ=axʷ t[s]i go=now

SCONJ

SPEC:FEM

‘Then she goes.’ 821 qʷi adəxʷ tsi acəc q’ʷu ap qʷi ad=axʷ

tsi acəc

q’ʷu ap

call.out=now

UNQ:FEM

black.duck

‘That Black Duck calls out,’ 822 šəqlaˑ adəb i d alalš šq•l•a ad–b high•CNN•arm–MD

i

d– al–alš

2PL.IMP

1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling

‘ “Raise your arms, my brothers!’ 823

aci talbixʷaladxʷ tə dəxʷtəšaləp aci talbixʷaladxʷ humans

tə

dəxʷ=təša=lap

NSPEC

ADNM=misfortune=2PL.PO

‘ “Humans are responsible for your misfortune.” ’ 824

uˑ tugʷətxʷadəxʷ ti i bu qʷ u INTJ

tu=gʷə=txʷad=axʷ

ti i

bu qʷ

HAB=SBJ=sound.of.flock=now

DIST

waterfowl

‘Oh, with a roar of wings those Duck People flew up.’ 825 bə u ʷəxʷ bə= u ʷ=axʷ ADD=go=now

‘They go again.’

Martha Williams Lamont

185

826 bəsasaq’ʷəxʷ bə=sa–saq’ʷ=axʷ ADD=ATTN–fly=now

‘They fly off again.’ 827 huy gʷəl šaadᶻal huy

gʷəl

šaadᶻal

SCONJ

SCONJ

go.outdoors:PL

‘And then they go out doors.’ 828 day’ay’əxʷ ti ə

əsqʷatqʷat ti ə

day’–ay’=axʷ

ti ə

INTNS–really=now

PROX

a i caadi

as–qʷat–qʷata

ti ə

STAT–DSTR–laid.out

a be.there

PROX

caadi they ‘Only these (ducks) are lying there with the others.’ 829 q’ʷu əd əlgʷə ti ə

us ə əds əlgʷə

q’ʷu –t

əlgʷə

ti ə

gathered–ICS

PL

PROX

u=s– ə əd–s

əlgʷə

IRR=food–3PO

PL

‘They gather these for their food.’ 830 cuuc cut–c say–ALTV ‘He speaks to (his brother),’ 831

asq’ʷu ti ə s ə əd ə u= as–q’ʷu IRR=STAT–gathered

ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

food

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “Our food will be gathered.’ 832 day’ ə utabad day’ uniquely

ə

u=taba–t

1PL.SUB

IRR=do–ICS

‘ “We’ll just do it.’ 833

uhudyid

ə

a utab əcəd

u=hud–yi–t IRR=burn–DAT–ICS

ə 1PL.SUB

a 1PL.COORD

u=taba IRR=do

əc–t extract–ICS

‘ “We’ll make a fire for them and we will do it, pluck them.” ’

i CONJ

186

834

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

ahədəxʷ əlgʷə a–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

be.there–ICS=now

PL

‘They put them there.’ 835 huy stab kʷi dəxʷušubali ə ti acəc qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ huy

stab

kʷi

dəxʷ= u–šubali

SCONJ

what

REM

ADNM=PFV–many.die

ə PR

ti acəc qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ UNQ

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Then, “What has killed the dwarves?’ 836 stab stab what ‘ “What?” ’ 837 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy

u ʷ=axʷ əlgʷə

SCONJ

go=now

PL

‘Then they go.’ 838 gʷəl k’ʷa adəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə caadi gʷəl

k’ʷa a–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

ti ə

caadi

SCONJ

examine–ICS=now

PL

PROX

they

‘And they examine them.’ 839 gʷəhaw’ə di tsi ə cədi

ə ti stab tsi i

gʷəhaw’ə

di

tsi ə

cədi

seemingly

FOC

PROX:FEM

s/he

ʷul’ ƛ’uləxʷəbtəb ə ‿ti seemingly

stab

tsi i

what

DIST:FEM

ƛ’u=lə=xʷəb–t–b IRR=PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS

‘It seems it is this, something like that would just be thrown at them.’ 840 gʷəl ləc’aq’abac tsi i gʷəl

lə=c’aq’•abac

tsi i

SCONJ

PROG=impaled•body

DIST:FEM

‘And that penetrates their bodies.’ 841 ƛ’u aw’t ƛ’usu əƛ’ ə kʷ(i) st’u q’ʷ ƛ’u= aw’t

ƛ’u=s= u– əƛ’

HAB=new

HAB=NM=PFV–come

ə PR

kʷi

st’u q’ʷ

REM

feather

‘It is the feathers that would come in anew.’

ʷul’ only

Martha Williams Lamont

187

842 gʷəl a u xʷ tsi i cədi dəxʷuƛ’iqs ə ti ƛ’usc’uqʷəb gʷəl

a be.there

SCONJ

u xʷ

tsi i

cədi

dəxʷ= u–ƛ’iq=s

PTCL

DIST:FEM

s/he

ADNM=PFV–emerge=3PO

ə ‿ti seemingly

ƛ’u=s=c’uqʷəb HAB=NM=quill

‘And there are those that would emerge like quills.’ 843 ƛ’ucutəb ƛ’u=cut–t–b HAB=say–ICS–PASS

‘It is spoken.’ 844 di dəxʷutəšs atub əw’ə di

dəxʷ= u–təš=s

FOC

ADNM=PFV–misfortune=3PO

a–txʷ–b

əw’ə

be.there–ECS–PASS

PTCL

‘ “It is to cause (the dwarves’) misfortune that these are put there.” ’ 845 ləxʷəcədaxʷ əlgʷə lə=xʷəc–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

PROG=removed–ICS=now

PL

‘They pull them out.’ 846 ləxʷəcədaxʷ əlgʷə ti i dəxʷut’u c’ t’uc’ il tubs lə=xʷəc–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

ti i

PROG=removed–ICS=now

PL

DIST

dəxʷ= u–t’uc’–t’uc’u–il–txʷ–b=s ADNM=PFV–DSTR–shot–INCH–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘They pull out what (the dwarves) have been shot with.’ 847 tiləbəxʷ bugʷədil ti ə cədi qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ tiləb=axʷ

bə= u–gʷəd–il

ti ə

cədi

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

immediately=now

ADD=PFV–down–INCH

PROX

s/he

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Right away the dwarves sit up again.’ 848 ləp’alil lə=p’alil PROG=revive

‘They revive.’

188

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

849 huy u ʷcəxʷ əlgʷə ti i huy

u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

SCONJ

əlgʷə

ti i

PL

DIST

‘Then (the brothers) go to them.’ 850 gʷəl ə ti ƛ’ub up’alildxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

ə ‿ti seemingly

SCONJ

ƛ’ub

u=p’alil–dxʷ

well

IRR=revive–DC

əlgʷə PL

‘And it seems they will bring them around.’ 851 huy bəq’ʷu ədəxʷ huy

bə=q’ʷu –t=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=gathered–ICS=now

‘Then they gather them.’ 852 q’ʷu ədəxʷ q’ʷu –t=axʷ gathered–ICS=now ‘They gather them.’ 853 gʷəl lildəxʷ ti i cədi sa dəxʷut’uc’s gʷəl

lil–t=axʷ

ti i

cədi

sa

dəxʷ= u–t’uc’=s

SCONJ

far–ICS=now

DIST

s/he

bad

ADNM=PFV–shot=3PO

‘And they remove these bad things used for shooting.’ 854 gʷəl p’al’p’aliləxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

p’al’–p’alil=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

DSTR–revive=now

PL

‘And (the dwarves) revive.’ 855 lə əcəd əlgʷə lə əcəd lə əcəd lə= əc–t

əlgʷə

lə= əc–t

lə= əc–t

PROG=extract–ICS

PL

PROG=extract–ICS

PROG=extract–ICS

‘They pull them out, pull them out, pull them out.’ 856

ʷul’ ə ti ƛ’asc’itqs ʷul’ only

ə ‿ti seemingly

ƛ’u= as–c’it•qs HAB=STAT–pierce•nose

‘They seem just to have been pierced.’

Martha Williams Lamont

189

857 gʷəl basyubiləxʷ gʷəl

bə= as–yubil=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=STAT–die=now

‘And they die.’ 858 hay p’alildxʷ əlgʷə hay

p’alil–dxʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

revive–DC

PL

‘So, they revive them.’ 859 huy hii əxʷ əlgʷə ti ə caadi huy

hii =axʷ

əlgʷə

ti ə

caadi

SCONJ

happy=now

PL

PROX

they

‘Then they are happy.’ 860 yuˑ yu good ‘ “Wonderful!’ 861

uhəli təb ə

ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ tusəskʷədab ə

u–həli –t–b

ə

PFV–alive–ICS–PASS

ə

1PL.SUB

ti ə

PR

PROX

tu=s= as–kʷəda–b

aci talbixʷ people

ə

PAST=NM=STAT–taken–CSMD

1PL.PO

‘ “We have been cured by these people whom we captured.’ 862

uˑ ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp uptidgʷasbid u

ƛ’ub=axʷ

ələp

INTJ

well=now

2PL.SUB

u–ptidgʷasbid PFV–think.about

‘ “Oh, you guys should think about it.’ 863

əs al kʷi ushuys as– al

kʷi

STAT–how

u=s=huyu=s

REM

IRR=NM=made=3PO

‘ “How will it be done?’ 864 caadi ti ə dəxʷəli

ə dəxʷgʷaadil ə

caadi

ti ə

dəxʷ=həli

they

PROX

ADNM=alive

ə 1PL.PO

ə til’ ti ə

u ʷadᶻatubu

dəxʷ=gʷaad–il ADNM=down:PL–INCH

ə 1PL.PO

ə PR

190

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

u– ʷadᶻa–t–ubu

til’

ti ə

ABS

PROX

PFV–annihilate–ICS–1PL.OBJ

‘ “The ones by whom we have been cured, the reason we (can) sit up, (in spite of) those absent ones who annihilated us, are they.” ’ 865 huy gʷəl cut huy

gʷəl

cut

SCONJ

SCONJ

say

‘And then (a dwarf) speaks,’ 866 dəxʷ ə itxʷləp ti ə

əsqʷat bu qʷ

dəxʷ= ə id–txʷ=lap

ti ə

as–qʷat

ADNM=what.happen–ECS=2PL.PO

PROX

bu qʷ

STAT–laid.out

waterfowl

‘ “What are you guys going to do with the fallen Duck People?” ’ 867

yə i huy ac aci talbixʷ al caadi ti ə caadi yə i

huy

because

SCONJ

ac– aci talbixʷ

al at

DSTR–people

ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ

caadi

ti ə

caadi

ə

they

PROX

they

PR

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

‘Because (the ducks) are people to them, they who are dwarves.’ 868

ac aci talbixʷ ac– aci talbixʷ DSTR–people

‘They are people.’ 869 gʷəl əsdᶻilid əlgʷə ti i bu qʷ s i u ili s gʷəl as–dᶻili–t əlgʷə ti i bu qʷ SCONJ

STAT–scorn–ICS

PL

DIST

waterfowl

s= i – u– ili =s NM=PRTV–PFV–battle=3PO

‘But they despise those among the Duck People who warred on them.’ 870

uˑ us ə əd ə ti i u INTJ

u=s ə əd

ə

IRR=food

ti i

1PL.PO

DIST

‘ “Oh, they will be our food.’ 871 ha

s ə əd ə ti ə bu qʷ

ha

s ə əd

good

food

ə 1PL.PO

ti ə

bu qʷ

PROX

waterfowl

‘ “These ducks are our good food.” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

191

872 ƛ’ub ələp u u ʷtxʷ dxʷ ad ələpa atxʷ ƛ’ub well

ələp

u– u ʷ–txʷ

2PL.SUB

dxʷ– ad

PFV–go–ECS

ələpa

CNTRPT–where

2PL.COORD

a–txʷ be.there–ECS

‘ “You guys should take them somewhere and you put them there.’ 873 day’ ələp uhudyid day’

ələp

uniquely

u=hud–yi–t

2PL.SUB

IRR=burn–DAT–ICS

‘ “You guys will simply make a fire for them.’ 874 diˑ a ad ələp uq’ʷəld di •a ad

ələp

other.side•side

u=q’ʷəl–t

2PL.SUB

IRR=cooked–ICS

‘ “On the other side you will cook them.” ’ 7

875 ƛ’asq’ʷəlbəd ə

ƛ’u= as–q’ʷəl–b–t

ə

HAB=STAT–cooked–CSMD–ICS

1PL.SUB

‘ “We always cook them.’ 876 ƛ’asq’ʷəld ə

al ti i hud

ƛ’u= as–q’ʷəl–t

ə

HAB=STAT–cooked–ICS

al

1PL.SUB

at

ti i

hud

DIST

burn

‘ “We always cook them on a fire.” ’ 877 huy uhuyucut ələp əs ista huy SCONJ

u=huyu–t–sut IRR=made–ICS–REFL

ələp

as– ista

2PL.SUB

STAT–be.like

‘ “Then you guys will prepare yourselves to do it like that.” ’ 878 huy cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ

huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘Then they are spoken to by these people,’ 879 hii bid ə ti gʷəlapu hii –bi–t happy–MAP–ICS

ə 1PL.SUB

ti

gʷəlapu

SPEC

you.guys

‘ “We are happy with you guys.’

__________ 7

Immediately preceding this line, Mrs. Lamont says something that is not clearly audible on tape.

192

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

880 day’ ələp u abaqtəb al kʷi pə d tab al kʷi gʷəgʷiid ə ti xʷəlu day’

ələp

u= abaq–t–b

uniquely 2PL.SUB

al kʷi

IRR=return–ICS–PASS

gʷə=gʷihi–t

ə

ti

1PL.SUB

SBJ=invite–ICS

at

REM

pədtab when

al at

kʷi REM

xʷəlu

SPEC

whale

‘ “Indeed, you guys will be returned when we call Whale.’ 881

a ti xʷəlu a

ti

be.there

SPEC

xʷəlu whale

‘ “There is Whale.’ 882 ƛ’udᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ al ti ə al ƛ’u=dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu HAB=DSTR–wander

at

ti ə PROX

‘ “He travels around here.’ 883

u i il dxʷ al kʷi cədi adəxʷtul’ a u= u– i– il IRR=PFV–ATTN–arrive

dxʷ– al

kʷi

cədi

CNTRPT–at

REM

s/he

ad=dəxʷ=tul’– a 2SG.PO=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there ‘ “He will arrive close to where you are from.’ 884 dəgʷi sqaqagʷə

uhəli dubu

dəgʷi

sqaqagʷə

you

young.noble

u–həli –dxʷ–bu PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ

‘ “It is you, young noble, who gave us life.’ 885 dəgʷiˑ gʷəl dəxʷəli

ə dəxʷp’al’p’alil ə

dəgʷi

gʷəl

dəxʷ=həli

you

SCONJ

ADNM=alive

ə 1PL.PO

dəxʷ=p’al’–p’alil ADNM=DSTR–revive

‘ “You are the reason we are alive, why we have revived.’ 886 huy ələp uhəli dubu əxʷ ə ti ə sdi a ləp huy

ələp

SCONJ

2PL.SUB

u–həli –dxʷ–bu =axʷ PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ=now

s=di a =lap NM=PROX.DMA=2PL.PO

‘ “Then you guys cured us by your being here.’

ə PR

ti ə PROX

ə 1PL.PO

Martha Williams Lamont

193

887 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘ “No.’ 888

ʷul’ ə ƛ’ulədxʷs əq’ʷdub ə ti i bu qʷ ʷul’ only

ə

ƛ’u=lə=dxʷs– uq’ʷ–dxʷ–b

1PL.SUB

HAB=PROG=CTD–unplugged–DC–PASS

‘ “We are always just left open to those Duck People.’ 889 ƛ’ut’uc’utubu ƛ’u=t’uc’u–t–ubu HAB=shot–ICS–1PL.OBJ

‘ “They always shoot us.’ 890 tiləb ə lə atəbəd tiləb

ə

immediately

lə= atəbəd

1PL.SUB

PROG=die

‘ “We die right away.’ 891 tiləb ə lə atəbəd tiləb

ə

immediately

lə= atəbəd

1PL.SUB

PROG=die

‘ “We die right away.’ 892 xʷi kʷi gʷat gʷəhəli xʷi

kʷi

gʷat

gʷə=həli

NEG

REM

who

SBJ=alive

‘ “No one would survive.’ 893 huy ƛ’u ʷadᶻatubu əlgʷə huy ƛ’u= ʷadᶻa–t–ubu SCONJ

əlgʷə

HAB=annihilate–ICS–1PL.OBJ

PL

‘ “Then they would slaughter us.’ 894 ƛ’ušidᶻubu əlgʷə ƛ’u=šidᶻ–txʷ–bu HAB=sneak.attack–ECS–1PL.OBJ

əlgʷə PL

‘ “They always attack us without warning.’

ə

ti i

bu qʷ

PR

DIST

waterfowl

194

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

895 ƛ’u ili ə i tu ʷ xʷi kʷi stab dəxʷha

ə

ƛ’u= ili =a i

tu ʷ

xʷi

kʷi

stab

dəxʷ=ha

HAB=battle=1PL.SBJ

just

NEG

REM

what

ADNM=good

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “When we battle, there is nothing good for us.” ’ 896 hay ǰu ilbitəbəxʷ əlgʷə

al ti i

hay

ǰu il–bi–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

enjoy–MAP–ICS–PASS=now

PL

al ti i at

DIST

‘So (the dwarves) are happy with them there.’ 897 huy t axʷ əlgʷə

u ʷəxʷ dxʷdi a ad

huy

t =axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

truly=now

PL

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

dxʷ–di •a ad CNTRPT–other.side•side

‘Then truly they go to the other side.’ 898 gʷəl hud upəxʷ ti ay’əds gʷəl

hud• up=axʷ

ti

SCONJ

burn•fire=now

SPEC

ay’əd–s companion–3PO

‘And his companion lights a fire,’ 899

əctəbaxʷ ti ə bu qʷ tusəsc’qʷib əc–t–b=axʷ extract–ICS–PASS=now

ti ə

bu qʷ

tu=s= as–c’qʷib

PROX

waterfowl

PAST=NM=STAT–share.in

‘These waterfowl they got a share of are plucked.’ 900 huy q’ʷəlbaxʷ əlgʷə huy

q’ʷəl–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

cooked–CSMD=now

PL

‘Then they cook them.’ 901 yə i əsyəyubiləxʷ əlgʷə yə i because

as–yə–yubil=axʷ STAT–PL–starve=now

‘Because they are starving.’ 902

əstətagʷəxʷəxʷ as–tə–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ STAT–PL–hungry=now

‘They are hungry.’

əlgʷə PL

Martha Williams Lamont

195

903 xʷi gʷəsu ə əd ə tə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ ə kʷ(i )əsq’ʷəl xʷi

gʷə=s= u– ə əd

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on

ə PR

tə

qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ

NSPEC

ATTN–ATTN–dwarf

ə PR

kʷi REM

as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked

‘What the dwarves eat is not cooked.’ 904

ʷul’ ic’ tusulək’ʷəds əlgʷə ti ə stab ʷul’

ic’

only

raw

tu=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s

əlgʷə

ti ə

stab

PAST=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO

PL

PROX

what

‘They just ate things that were raw.’ 905 xʷi gʷəslək’ʷəds əlgʷə ti i bəs uladxʷ ti i stab fish ti i stab ƛ’usu ə əds əlgʷə gʷəstab xʷi NEG

gʷə=s=lək’ʷ–t=s

əlgʷə

ti i

bə=s uladxʷ

ti i

stab

SBJ=NM=eaten–ICS=3PO

PL

DIST

ADD=salmon

DIST

what fish

ti i

stab

ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s

əlgʷə

gʷə=stab

DIST

what

HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

SBJ=what

fish

‘They do not eat salmon or any kind of fish, nor would they eat anything like that.’ 906 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 907 bək’ʷ ʷul’ ə ti ʷul’ ic’ bək’ʷ all

ʷul’ only

ə ‿ti seemingly

ʷul’

ic’

only

raw

‘All is just sort of just raw.’ 908 di haw’ə dəxʷušubalihəxʷ ə ti ə caadi di

haw’ə

dəxʷ= u–šubali=həxʷ

FOC

PTCL

ADNM=PFV–many.die=now

ə PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘That is the reason for their dying.’ 909 xʷi gʷəbəsuwaw’əxʷs əlgʷə xʷi

gʷə=bə=s= u–waw’əxʷ=s

əlgʷə

NEG

SBJ=ADD=NM=PFV–join.in.eating=3PO

PL

‘They do not eat with (the brothers).’

196

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

910 huy tuhud upəxʷ əlgʷə huy

tu=hud• up=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PAST=burn•fire=now

PL

‘Then they lit a fire.’ 911 q’ʷəlbaxʷ q’ʷəl–b=axʷ cooked–CSMD=now ‘They cook.’ 912 gʷəl tu ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

tu= ə əd=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PAST=feed.on=now

PL

‘And they ate.’ 913

ə ti tuqʷiq’ʷa də il ə ‿ti

tu=qʷiq’ʷa də il

seemingly

PAST=master.language

‘It seems they had learned their language.’ 914 hay dᶻaak’ʷu əxʷ əlgʷə tatabtubəxʷ ə ti i i hay dᶻaak’ʷu =axʷ əlgʷə tatab–txʷ–b=axʷ at.long.last:rdp=now

SCONJ

ə

talk–ECS–PASS=now

PL

ti –i i

PR

PL–DIST

‘So at long last they talk to them.’ 915

ulə əxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə cədi sdukʷdukʷ əspukʷpukʷəb ti i cədi

ucucutəb

s ulə ulə =axʷ gather=now

əlgʷə PL

ə PR

as–pukʷ–pukʷəb STAT–DSTR–piled.up

ti ə

cədi

s=dukʷ–dukʷu

PROX

s/he

NM=DSTR–abnormal

ti i

cədi

DIST

s/he

u–cut–cut–t–b

s ulə

PFV–DSTR–say–ICS–PASS

dentalia

‘They gather these strange things piled up, what are said to be dentalia.’ 916 stabigʷs di əxʷ tuq’ʷu ədəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷi us u ʷtubs stabigʷs

di =axʷ

tu=q’ʷu –t=axʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

kʷi

valuables

FOC=now

PAST=gathered–ICS=now

PL

CNTRPT–at

REM

u=s= u ʷ–txʷ–b=s IRR=NM=go–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘They were the valuables they gathered for when they would be taken.’

Martha Williams Lamont

197

917 ti i tudəxʷ alildubs əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i caadi ti i

tu=dəxʷ= alil–dxʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

ti i

caadi

DIST

PAST=ADNM=go.ashore–DC–PASS=3PO

PL

CNTRPT–at

DIST

they

‘That is how they managed to be brought ashore to them.’ 918 di əxʷ syəcəbtxʷs ti ə

iišəds əlgʷə ti i s alalustubs əlgʷə ti ə

di =axʷ

s=yəc–b–txʷ=s

FOC=now

NM=report–MD–ECS=3PO

s= alalus–txʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

NM=happen–ECS–PASS=3PO

PL

PROX

iišəd–s relatives–3PO

əlgʷə

ti i

PL

DIST

‘That is what they report to their relatives about how they have been treated.’ 919 tusaxʷəbtubs li al al tsi acəc alšs əlgʷə tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s

li – al al

tsi acəc

PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO

PRLV–house

UNQ:FEM

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘They were taken from their home on account of their sister.’ 920 tuhuydxʷ ti i sa

ə [s]

tu=huyu–dxʷ

ti i

sa

ə –s

PAST=made–DC

DIST

bad

mind–3PO

‘Her bad thoughts had done it.’ 921 tugʷəlaltəb ə ti ə s ’istxʷs ti ə tu=gʷəlal–t–b

ə

PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS

PR

ə ə təds ti ə

s ’istxʷ–s

ti ə

PROX

husband–3PO

PROX

ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO

‘(Pheasant’s) in-laws had been punished by her husband.’ 922

əs ista ti i tudəxʷsa il ə tsi ə s adəy as– ista STAT–be.like

ti i

tu=dəxʷ=sa –il

ə

DIST

PAST=ADNM=bad–INCH

PR

tsi ə

s adəy

PROX:FEM

woman

‘It is like this when this woman became bad.’ 923 tukʷədatəbəxʷ tsi i tsi i cədi

alšs əlgʷə

tu=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

tsi i

tsi i

cədi

PAST=taken–ICS–PASS=now

DIST:FEM

DIST:FEM

s/he

əlgʷə PL

‘She, their sister, was taken.’

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

198

The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife

924 gʷəl tu ə itubəxʷ gʷəl

tu= ə id–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=what.happen–ECS–PASS=now

‘And it was done to her.’ 925 di əxʷ tušac’əxʷ di =axʷ

tu=šac’=axʷ

FOC=now

PAST=finished=now

‘That is the end.’ 926 xʷ i axʷ gʷədsəsaydxʷ tu ə itub xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=d=s= as–hay–dxʷ

tu= ə id–txʷ–b

NEG=now

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC

PAST=what.happen–ECS–PASS

‘I don’t know what was done to her.’ 927

ə al kʷi dəxʷgʷəlaltəbs as– al STAT–how

kʷi

dəxʷ=gʷəlal–t–b–s

REM

ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS–3PO

‘How was she punished?’ 928 hay di šac’ ə tə cədi syəyəhub hay

di

šac’

ə

SCONJ

FOC

end

PR

tə

cədi

syəyəhub

NSPEC

s/he

legend

‘So that is the end of this traditional story.’

Martha Williams Lamont

199

Changer as told by Martha Lamont1 1

acəc ti i bəš əb acəc be.in.place

ti i

bəš əb

DIST

mink

‘Mink is right there.’ 2

bəš əb ta a tulə ibəš bəš əb

ta a

tu=lə= ibəš

mink

DIST:UNQ.DMA

PAST=PROG=travel

‘That one who was travelling is Mink.’ 3

iˑ tulə ibəš ti i bəš əb i and

tu=lə= ibəš

ti i

bəš əb

PAST=PROG=travel

DIST

mink

‘Yes, Mink was travelling.’ 4

lə ibəš ti ə bəš əb lə= ibəš

ti ə

bəš əb

PROG=travel

PROX

mink

‘Mink is travelling.’ 5

gʷəl (h)uy

isəxʷ

gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

il–s=axʷ arrive–ALTV=now

‘And then he comes upon him.’ 6

bəqadadidəxʷ

ə ti ə

s əsq’ʷəlb

bə=qada–di–t=axʷ

ə

ADD=steal–SS–ICS=now

ə PR

PR

ə ti luƛ’ ə ti ə s uladxʷ ti i bəš əb

ti ə PROX

s= as–q’ʷəl–b NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD

ti ə

s uladxʷ

ti i

bəš əb

PROX

salmon

DIST

mink

ə ti PR

SPEC

luƛ’ old

‘Mink steals the old man’s roasting salmon.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 28 August 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998) and as “The Changer Story” in Bierwert 1996.

200

7

Changer

qadadid

ə ti ə

qada–di–t

ə

steal–SS–ICS al at

PR

s əsq’ʷəlb s

ə ti i s uladxʷ al ti ə huds

ti ə

s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s

PROX

NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO

ti ə

hud–s

PROX

burn–3PO

ə

ti i

s uladxʷ

PR

DIST

salmon

‘He steals the salmon roasting on the fire.’ 8

gʷəl tu itutəxʷ ti ə luƛ’ gʷəl

tu= itut=axʷ

ti ə

luƛ’

SCONJ

PAST=sleep=now

PROX

old

‘And the old man was asleep.’ 9

gʷəl (h)uy

iləxʷ ti ə gət ti ə cədi bəš əb

gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

il=axʷ arrive=now

ti ə

gət

ti ə

cədi

bəš əb

PROX

guy

PROX

s/he

mink

‘And then this guy, Mink, arrives.’ 10 huy lək’ʷyidəxʷ huy

ə ti ə cədi tu s əsq’ʷəlb s

lək’ʷ–yi–t=axʷ

SCONJ

ə

eaten–DAT–ICS=now

ti ə

PR

s/he

PROX

tu=s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s PAST=NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO

ə

ti i

s uladxʷ–s

PR

DIST

salmon–3PO

‘Then he eats his roasting salmon.’ 11 gʷəl (h)ay huy ti ə s ə əds gʷəl

hay

huyu

ti ə

s ə əd–s

SCONJ

SCONJ

made

PROX

food–3PO

‘And so he does (i.e., finishes off) his food.’ 12 huy gʷəl bə ibəš ti i bəš əb huy

gʷəl

bə= ibəš

ti i

bəš əb

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=travel

DIST

mink

‘And then Mink travels on.’ 13 lə ibəš lə= ibəš PROG=travel

‘He travels.’

ə ti i s uladxʷs cədi

Martha Williams Lamont

201

14 lə ibəš bək’ʷ dxʷ ad lə= ibəš

bək’ʷ

dxʷ– ad

PROG=travel

all

CNTRPT–where

‘He travels everywhere.’ 15 xʷu ələ

a kʷi sə ibəš s

xʷu ələ

a

maybe

al ti ə li ilgʷi

kʷi

be.there

al

NM=PROG=travel=3PO

REM

li – il•gʷi

ə

PRLV–side•waterway

ə tə ʷəl

s=lə= ibəš=s tə

PR

at

ti ə PROX

ʷəl

NSPEC

sea

‘I guess he is there travelling along the shore of the sound.’ 16

a kʷi ƛ’ubəs i t’aq’ts li al ti i a be.there

i t’aq’t

kʷi

ƛ’u=bə=s= i –t’aq’t=s

li – al

ti i

REM

HAB=ADD=NM=PRTV–inland=3PO

PRLV–at

DIST

i –t’aq’t PRTV–inland

‘There he would be again up the bank, along the bank.’ 17

a kʷi s i a kʷs a be.there

kʷi

s= i – a kʷ=s

REM

NM=PRTV–seaward=3PO

‘There he is down further waterward.’ 18 huy taqʷu əxʷ huy

taqʷu =axʷ

SCONJ

thirst=now

‘Then he is thirsty.’ 19 taqʷu əxʷ taqʷu =axʷ thirst=now ‘He is thirsty.’ 20 gʷəl (h)uy bəqʷu qʷa

al ti i bək’ʷ

gʷəl

huy

bə=qʷu qʷa

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=drink

‘And then he drinks everywhere.’

al at

ad ti i

bək’ʷ

DIST

all

ad where

202

Changer

21 bəqʷu qʷa

al ti i bək’ʷ

bə=qʷu qʷa ADD=drink

al at

ad

ti i

bək’ʷ

DIST

all

ad where

‘He drinks everywhere.’ 22 hay gʷəl bə iləxʷ dxʷ al ti i bədəxʷ ils hay

gʷəl

bə= il=axʷ

dxʷ– al

ti i

bə=dəxʷ= il=s

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=arrive=now

CNTRPT–at

DIST

ADD=ADNM=arrive=3PO

‘And so he arrives where he arrived.’ 23 gʷəl (h)ay b ə əy’dxʷəxʷ ti ə qa ti i s uladxʷ al ti i cədi də ’u stuləkʷ gʷəl

huy

bə= əy’–dxʷ=axʷ

ti ə

qa

ti i

s uladxʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=find–DC=now

PROX

many

DIST

salmon

ti i

cədi

də ’u

stuləkʷ

DIST

s/he

one

river

‘And then he finds a lot of salmon in this one river.’ 24 huy bəkʷədalikʷəxʷ ə ti ə s uladxʷ huy

bə=kʷəda–alikʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=taken–ACT=now

ə PR

ti ə

s uladxʷ

PROX

salmon

‘Then he catches a salmon.’ 25 huy qʷibidəxʷ huy

qʷibi–t=axʷ

SCONJ

prepared–ICS=now

‘Then he prepares it.’ 26 huy q’ʷəldaxʷ huy

q’ʷəl–t=axʷ

SCONJ

cooked–ICS=now

‘Then he cooks it.’ 27 q’ʷəlbaxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb al ti ə

ə ti udəxʷq’əlbs

q’ʷəl–b=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

bəš əb

cooked–CSMD=now

PROX

s/he

mink

u=dəxʷ=q’əlb=s IRR=ADNM=make.camp=3PO

‘Mink roasts it where he would sort of camp.’

al at

ti ə PROX

ə ‿ti seemingly

al at

Martha Williams Lamont

203

28 huy lə ibəš li ilgʷi huy

lə= ibəš

li – il•gʷi

SCONJ

PROG=travel

PRLV–side•waterway

‘Then he travels along the shore.’ 29 dady’əy’ ti ə bəš əb dady’əy’

ti ə

bəš əb

alone

PROX

mink

‘Mink is all alone.’ 30 xʷi gʷəsəsgʷatxʷs ti i tətyika su suq’ʷa s xʷi NEG

gʷə=s= as–gʷa–txʷ=s

ti i

tətyika

SBJ=NM=STAT–accompany–ECS=3PO

DIST

Tutyika

su –suq’ʷa –s ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

‘He has not taken along his little younger cousin, Tutyika.’ 31 dady’əy’ dady’əy’ alone ‘He is all alone.’ 32 hay itutəxʷ ti i bəš əb hay SCONJ

itut=axʷ

ti i

bəš əb

sleep=now

DIST

mink

‘So, Mink falls asleep.’ 33 gʷəl itutəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

itut=axʷ sleep=now

‘And he sleeps.’ 34 gʷəhaw’ə lə ibəšəxʷ ti ə dukʷibə gʷəhaw’ə

lə= ibəš=axʷ

ti ə

dukʷibə

seemingly

PROG=travel=now

PROX

Changer

‘It seems that Changer is travelling.’ 35 lədxʷdᶻalgʷəpəxʷ ti ə dukʷibə lə=dxʷdᶻalgʷəp=axʷ PROG=walk.along.beach=now

ti ə

dukʷibə

PROX

Changer

‘Changer is walking along the beach.’

204

Changer

36 lə ibəšəxʷ al ti acəc li ilgʷi lə= ibəš=axʷ

al

PROG=travel=now

at

ti acəc

li – il•gʷi

UNQ

PRLV–side•waterway

‘He is travelling right there along the shore.’ 37 lə əy’dxʷ ti i

aci talbixʷ

lə= əy’–dxʷ

ti i

PROG=find–DC

DIST

aci talbixʷ people

‘He is going along finding people.’ 38 ləwiliq’ʷid stab kʷi səshuys lə=wiliq’ʷi–t

stab

kʷi

s= as–huyu=s

PROG=ask–ICS

what

REM

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘He is going along asking what they are doing.’ 39 gʷəl

isəbəxʷ ti ə bəš əb

gʷəl SCONJ

il–s–b=axʷ arrive–ALTV–PASS=now

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

‘And he comes upon Mink.’ 40

əs itut as– itut STAT–sleep

‘He is asleep.’ 41 xʷu ələ

əxʷcutəbitəb ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə

xʷu ələ maybe

as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t–b

ə

STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

cədi

dukʷibə

PROX

s/he

Changer

‘It seems that Changer thinks,’ 42 day’əxʷ (h)a

ti ə səsq’ʷəlb ə ti acəc bəš əb

day’=axʷ

ha

ti ə

s= as–q’ʷəl–b

uniquely=now

good

PROX

NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD

ə PR

ti acəc

bəš əb

UNQ

mink

‘ “Mink’s roast is sure to be good.” ’ 43

əsaydub ti ə

bəš əb ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə

as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

‘Changer knows what Mink is like.’

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

dukʷibə

PROX

s/he

Changer

Martha Williams Lamont

205

44 huy dxʷscutəbəxʷ huy

dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–say–DSD=now

‘Then he thinks,’ 45 xʷu ələ ƛ’ub ədəxʷ bəqadadid ə ti i səsq’ʷəlbs əda gʷə ə əd xʷu ələ

ƛ’ub

maybe

well

əd=axʷ

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

bə=qada–di–t

1SG.SUB=now

ADD=steal–SS–ICS

s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s

əda

NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO

gʷə= ə əd

1SG.COORD

SBJ=feed.on

‘ “Maybe I should steal his roast and eat it.’ 46 huy əd əstagʷəxʷəxʷ huy

əd

SCONJ

as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ

1SG.SUB

STAT–hungry=now

‘ “For I am hungry.” ’ 47 huy ə ədaxʷ ə ti ə huy

ə əd=axʷ

SCONJ

ə

feed.on=now

PR

ti ə PROX

‘So he eats it.’ 48 kʷədalikʷəxʷ ə ti ə səsq’ʷəlb ə ti ə bəš əb kʷəda–alikʷ=axʷ

ə

taken–ACT=now

PR

ti ə

s= as–q’ʷəl–b

PROX

NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD

ə PR

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

‘He takes bits of Mink’s roast.’ 49

ə ədaxʷ ti ə dukʷibə ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now

ti ə

dukʷibə

PROX

Changer

‘Changer eats it.’ 50 hay kʷa dəxʷ ti i xʷu ələ

əs ə id tusəsq’ʷəlbs ti i s uladxʷ

hay

kʷa –t=axʷ

ti i

xʷu ələ

SCONJ

released–ICS=now

DIST

maybe

as– ə id STAT–what.happen

tu=s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s

ti i

s uladxʷ

PAST=NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO

DIST

salmon

‘So, he left (clues about) what might have happened to the roasting salmon.’

206

Changer

51 huy gʷəl (h)uy bə ibəšəxʷ ti ə cədi dukʷibə huy

gʷəl

huy

bə= ibəš=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

dukʷibə

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=travel=now

PROX

s/he

Changer

‘And then Changer travels on.’ 52 bəhiwiləxʷ bə=hiwil=axʷ ADD=go.ahead=now

‘He goes on ahead.’ 53 lə ibəš li ilgʷi

ə ti ə

ʷəl

lə= ibəš

li – il•gʷi

ə

PROG=travel

PRLV–side•waterway

ti ə

PR

PROX

ʷəl sea

‘He walks along the shore of the sound.’ 54

a kʷi ƛ’ubə s li t’aq’t s a be.there

kʷi

ƛ’u=bə=s=li –t’aq’t=s

REM

HAB=ADD=NM=PRLV–inland=3PO

‘There he would be up along the bank.’ 55 gʷəl ƛ’ubəli a kʷ kʷi sə ibəšs li ilgʷi gʷəl SCONJ

ƛ’u=bə=li – a kʷ

kʷi

s=lə= ibəš=s

HAB=ADD=PRLV–seaward

REM

NM=PROG=travel=3PO

li – il•gʷi PRLV–side•waterway

‘And he would go down to the water travelling along the shore.’ 56 huy q axʷ ti ə bəš əb huy

q =axʷ

ti ə

bəš əb

SCONJ

wake.up=now

PROX

mink

‘Then Mink wakes up.’ 57 huy haydxʷəxʷ huy

hay–dxʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

known–DC=now

‘Then he knows.’ 58

uˑ di kʷi dukʷibə kʷ(i )u isəbš u INTJ

di

kʷi

dukʷibə

kʷi

FOC

REM

Changer

REM

u– il–s–bš PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ

‘ “Oh, that very one who came upon me is Changer.’

Martha Williams Lamont

59 di kʷi xʷi ləha

207

dukʷibə kʷ(i )u isəbš

di

kʷi

xʷi

lə=ha

dukʷibə

kʷi

FOC

REM

NEG

NEGP=good

Changer

REM

u– il–s–bš PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ

‘ “It was that no-good so-and-so Changer who came upon me.’ 60 gʷəl lək’ʷyic ə ti i s ə əd ə

gʷəl

lək’ʷ–yi–t–s

SCONJ

eaten–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ PR

ti i

s ə əd

DIST

food

‘ “And he ate my food.” ’ 61

əsaydub ə ti i cədi bəš əb as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS

ə

ti i

cədi

bəš əb

PR

DIST

s/he

mink

‘It is known by Mink.’ 62 huy ə ti bədxʷqahigʷəd ti i bəš əb ə ti basdukʷil huy

ə ‿ti

SCONJ

seemingly

bə=dxʷ–qa•igʷəd

ti i

bəš əb

ADD=CTD–many•inside.body

DIST

mink

ə ‿ti seemingly

bə= as–dukʷu–il ADD=STAT–abnormal–INCH

‘Then it seems Mink has supernatural knowledge too, as though he were supernatural too.’ 63

əsaydxʷ ti i ƛ’usəs ibəš ə ti i dukʷibə as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC

ti i

ƛ’u=s= as– ibəš

DIST

HAB=NM=STAT–travel

‘He knows that Changer would be on a journey.’ 64

əsludxʷ as–lu–dxʷ STAT–hear–DC

‘He has heard.’ 65 lə ibəš ti dukʷibə lə= ibəš

ti

dukʷibə

PROG=travel

SPEC

Changer

‘Changer is travelling.’

ə

ti i

dukʷibə

PR

DIST

Changer

208

Changer

66 huy cutəxʷ huy

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

say=now

‘Then he says,’ 67 di

uqadadic

di

u–qada–di–t–s PFV–steal–SS–ICS–1SG.OBJ

FOC

‘ “He’s the one who stole from me.’ 68 cədi kʷi uqada cədi

kʷi

s/he

REM

u–qada PFV–steal

‘ “He’s the one who stole it.” ’ 69 saxʷəbəxʷ ti ə bəš əb li t’aq’t ə ti ə cədi … saxʷəb=axʷ

ti ə

bəš əb

li –t’aq’t

jump=now

PROX

mink

PRLV–inland

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘Mink runs along the bluff.’ 70 tudi stab tə dukʷibə tudi

stab

tə

dukʷibə

DIST.DMA

what

NSPEC

Changer

‘Changer is over there.’ 71 tə cədi haw’ə ti i

ulək’ʷyic ə ti i ds ə əd

tə

cədi

haw’ə

ti i

truly

s/he

PTCL

DIST

u–lək’ʷ–yi–t–s PFV–eaten–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ

d=s ə əd 1SG.PO=food ‘ “Truly the one who ate my food on me is him.” ’ 72 huy u ʷəxʷ li t’aq’t huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ li –t’aq’t go=now

PRLV–inland

‘Then he goes along the bluff.’ 73 gʷəl lə u ʷ gʷəl

lə= u ʷ

SCONJ

PROG=go

‘And he is going.’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

209

74 gʷəl ləhuyud ti ə qʷu gʷəl

lə=huyu–t

ti ə

qʷu

SCONJ

PROG=made–ICS

PROX

water

‘And he is making water (i.e., urinating).’ 75 huyud ti ə qʷu huyu–t

ti ə

qʷu

made–ICS

PROX

water

‘He makes water.’ 76

uk’ʷə dxʷ a kʷ u–k’ʷə

dxʷ– a kʷ

PFV–spill

CNTRPT–seaward

‘It spills towards the sea.’ 77

əsaydxʷ as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC

‘He knows.’ 78

astaqʷu ti ə cədi u= as–taqʷu IRR=STAT–thirst

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘(Changer) will be thirsty.’ 79 bəš əb utaqʷu bəs əb mink

u=taqʷu IRR=thirst

‘Mink (thinks), “He will be thirsty.’ 80 yə i huy u ə əd ə ti ə s uladxʷ yə i

huy

because

SCONJ

u– ə əd PFV–feed.on

ə PR

ti ə

s uladxʷ

PROX

salmon

‘ “Because he has eaten salmon.” ’ 81 huy gʷəl u ʷ dxʷt’aq’t li t’aq’t huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ go

dxʷ–t’aq’t

li –t’aq’t

CNTRPT–inland

PRLV–inland

‘And then (Mink) goes up from shore along the bluff.’

210

Changer

82 gʷəl uˑ ʷ gʷəl

u ʷ

SCONJ

goes

‘And he goes.’ 83 ləbi bəl ʷəd lə=bi –bəl ʷ–t PROG=ATTN–pass–ICS

‘He is getting a little ahead of (Changer).’ 84 huy huyudəxʷ ti ə qʷu huy

huyu–t=axʷ

ti ə

qʷu

SCONJ

made–ICS=now

PROX

water

‘Then he makes water (i.e., urinates).’ 85 k’ʷ axʷ ti ə qʷu dxʷ a kʷ ə ti p’aƛ’aƛ’ little water k’ʷ =axʷ

ti ə

qʷu

dxʷ– a kʷ

spill=now

PROX

water

CNTRPT–seaward

ə ‿ti seemingly

p’aƛ’aƛ’

little

worthless

little

water water ‘This water spills down to the sea as though it were worthless little water.’ 86 ƛ’uk’ʷə dxʷ a kʷ ƛ’u=k’ʷə

dxʷ– a kʷ

HAB=spill

CNTRPT–seaward

‘It spills down to the sea.’ 87 huy cutcuucəxʷ huy

cut–cut–c=axʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–say–ALTV=now

‘Then (Mink) says it to him.’ 88 cutcuuc cut–cut•uc DSTR–say•face

‘He speaks to him.’ 89 yə (i )uqʷu qʷa əxʷ ti ə cədi yə i because

u–qʷu qʷa =axʷ PFV–drink=now

‘Because (Changer) had drunk.’

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

Martha Williams Lamont

90

211

əs šabapsəbəxʷ as–šab•apsəb=axʷ STAT–dry•throat=now

‘He is parched.’ 91 huy qʷu qʷa əxʷ huy

qʷu qʷa =axʷ

SCONJ

PFV–drink=now

‘So, he drinks.’ 92 tagʷusəbəxʷ al ti ə qʷu tagʷusəb=axʷ

al

lap.up.water=now

at

ti ə

qʷu

PROX

water

‘He laps up the water (like an animal).’ 93

uqʷu qʷa ti ə dukʷibə u–qʷu qʷa PFV–drink

ti ə

dukʷibə

PROX

Changer

‘Changer drinks.’ 94 cick’ʷəxʷ tastaqʷu cick’ʷ=axʷ

tu= as–taqʷu

very=now

PAST=STAT–thirst

‘He was very thirsty.’ 95 huy gʷəl cut huy

gʷəl

cut

SCONJ

SCONJ

say

‘And then (Mink) says,’ 96 šiˑ ši nyah.nyah ‘ “Nyah, nyah!’ 97

uqʷu qʷadid kʷi s ə ʷa

ə kʷi s i ləgʷəbs

u–qʷu qʷa–di–t

kʷi

s ə ʷa

REM

male.urine

PFV–drink–SS–ICS

‘ “He has drunk some other guy’s piss!” ’

ə PR

kʷi

s= i –ləgʷəb=s

REM

NM=PRTV–youth=3PO

212

98

Changer

uˑ tə xʷi ləha ! u INTJ

tə

xʷi

lə=ha

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “Aw, the no-good so-and-so!’ 99 sa sa bad ‘ “Blah.’ 100 bədi əw’ə sixʷ xʷu ələ gʷuhuyuc

ə ti s ukʷukʷ]

bə=di

əw’ə

sixʷ

xʷu ələ

gʷə= u–huyu–t–s

ADD=FOC

PTCL

PTCL

maybe

SBJ=PFV–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ

s ukʷukʷ game ‘ “I guess it’s him again who has made a fool of me.” ’ 101 bəkʷa təb ə ti i cədi dukʷibə bə=kʷa –t–b ADD=released–ICS–PASS

‘It is let go by Changer.’ 102 gʷəl (h)uy bə u ʷ gʷəl

huy

bə= u ʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=go

‘And then he goes.’ 103 bətu tu ad bə=tu –tu ad ADD=DSTR–spit.out

‘He spits some more.’ 104 gʷəl ibəš gʷəl SCONJ

ibəš travel

‘And he travels.’ 105 bəlil bə=lil ADD=far

‘He goes farther.’

ə

ti i

cədi

dukʷibə

PR

DIST

s/he

Changer

ə ‿ti seemingly

Martha Williams Lamont

106 gʷəl bəšudxʷ ti ə ha

213

uk’ʷik’ʷə qʷu

gʷəl

bə=šu –dxʷ

ti ə

ha

SCONJ

ADD=see–DC

PROX

good

u–k’ʷi–k’ʷə PFV–ATTN–spill

qʷu water

‘And again he sees this nice trickle of water.’ 107

uˑ ha u INTJ

ha good

‘Oh, it is nice.’ 108 tul’t’aq’t ti ə su əƛ’ ə ti ə qʷu tul’–t’aq’t

ti ə

s= u– əƛ’

CNTRFG–inland

PROX

NM=PFV–come

ə PR

ti ə

qʷu

PROX

water

‘From up above it comes down to the sea.’ 109

uˑ ha u INTJ

little fall ti ə səshuys ha

little

fall

ti ə

s= as–huyu=s

good

little

fall

PROX

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘Oh, it was doing (i.e., running) like a nice little waterfall.’ 110 huy uqʷu qʷa əxʷ sixʷ huy SCONJ

u–qʷu qʷa =axʷ PFV–drink=now

sixʷ PTCL

‘Then he drinks again.’ 111 huy əšabapsəbəxʷ huy SCONJ

as–šab•apsəb=axʷ STAT–dry•throat=now

‘He is parched.’ 112 bəcucuucəb ə ti ə bəš əb bə=cut–cut–c–b ADD=DSTR–say–ALTV–PASS

ə PR

‘He is spoken to again by Mink,’ 113 šiˑ ši nyah.nyah ‘ “Nyah, nyah!’

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

214

114

Changer

uqʷu qʷadid kʷi s ə ʷa

ə kʷi s i ləgʷəbs

u–qʷu qʷa–di–t

kʷi

s ə ʷa

REM

male.urine

PFV–drink–SS–ICS

ə PR

kʷi

s= i –ləgʷəb=s

REM

NM=PRTV–youth=3PO

‘ “He has drunk some other guy’s piss.” ’ 115

uˑ tə xʷi ləha ! u INTJ

tə

xʷi

lə=ha

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “Aw, the no-good so-and-so!” ’ 116 huy ləs aladəxʷ huy

ləs– ala–t=axʷ

SCONJ

PROG.STAT–chased–ICS=now

‘Then (Mink) has been following (Changer).’ 117 ləhuyudəxʷ

ə ti s ukʷukʷ ti ə dukʷibə

lə=huyu–t=axʷ

ə ‿ti

PROG=made–ICS=now

seemingly

s ukʷukʷ

ti ə

dukʷibə

game

PROX

Changer

‘He is making a fool of Changer.’ 118 lədxʷs ʷal’dxʷ əb dxʷ al ti ə tusqadaditəbs ti ə tus uladxʷs lə=dxʷs– ʷal’–dxʷ–ab

dxʷ– al

ti ə

tu=s=qada–di–t–b=s

PROG=CTD–fail–DC–DSD

CNTRPT–at

PROX

PAST=NM=steal–SS–ICS–PASS=3PO

ti ə

tu=s uladxʷ–s

PROX

PAST=salmon–3PO

‘He wants to get the best of him because his salmon had been stolen.’ 119 xʷu ələ

lədxʷ adəxʷ kʷi sə u ʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə

xʷu ələ

lə=dxʷ– ad=axʷ

kʷi

s= as– u ʷ

ə

maybe

PROG=CNTRFG–where=now

REM

NM=PROG=go

PR

ti ə PROX

dukʷibə Changer ‘It seems Changer is going everywhere.’ 120 gʷəl (h)ay hay gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə gʷəl

hay

hay

gʷəl

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now PR

‘And so, and then he is spoken to by Changer,’

ə

ti ə

dukʷibə

PROX

Changer

Martha Williams Lamont

121

215

uˑ dəgʷi bəš əb xʷa ləhuyuc s ukʷukʷ u INTJ

dəgʷi

bəš əb

you

mink

xʷa 2SG.COORD

lə=huyu–t–s

s ukʷukʷ

PROG=made–ICS–1SG.OBJ

game

‘ “Oh, it’s you, Mink! And you have been making a fool of me.’ 122 ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ ʷul’əxʷ ubəš əb up’aƛ’aƛ’ usdukʷ u al tudi ƛ’ub=axʷ

əxʷ

well=now

ʷul’=axʷ

2SG.SUB

u=bəš əb

only=now

u=s–dukʷu

u= al

IRR=NP–abnormal

IRR=at

a kʷ

u=p’aƛ’aƛ’

IRR=mink

IRR=worthless

tudi

a kʷ

DIST.DMA

seaward

‘ “You had better be just a mink, a no-account, riff-raff down there by the water.’ 123 qəl’qəladi kʷi adsudᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ adsu ulu adsut’aq’tcut qəl’–qəladi kʷi u=ad=s= u–dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu DSTR–uprooted.tree

REM

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–wander

u=ad=s= u– ulu

u=ad=s= u–t’aq’t–cut

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel.by.water

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–inland–REFL

‘ “It will be (among) the driftwood snags that you will wander about, you will travel by water, you will take yourself up from shore.” ’ 124 kʷədatəb ti i bəš əb kʷəda–t–b

ti i

bəš əb

taken–ICS–PASS

DIST

mink

‘Mink is taken.’ 125 gʷəl i ʷitəb dxʷ a kʷ dxʷ al qʷu gʷəl SCONJ

i ʷi–t–b thrown.at–ICS–PASS

dxʷ– a kʷ

dxʷ– al

qʷu

CNTRPT–seaward

CNTRPT–at

water

‘And he is thrown down to the water.’ 126 t’i ib u xʷ ti i bəš əb t’i ib

u xʷ

ti i

bəš əb

swim

PTCL

DIST

mink

‘Mink is still swimming.’ 127 huyil sdukʷ huyu–il

s–dukʷu

made–INCH

NP–abnormal

‘He has become riff-raff.’

216

Changer

128 huyiləxʷ bəš əb huyu–il=axʷ

bəš əb

made–INCH=now

mink

‘He has become a mink.’ 129

ahəxʷ al kʷi qəl’qəladi kʷi adswəl əl i il a=axʷ

al kʷi

be.there=now

at

REM

qəl’–qəladi

kʷi

DSTR–uprooted.tree

REM

u=ad=s=wəl–əli –il IRR=2SG.PO=NM=DIM.EFF–visible–INCH

‘ “There among the snags you will appear once in a while.” ’ 130 hay a ti bəš əb hay

a be.there

SCONJ

ti

bəš əb

SPEC

mink

‘So there Mink is.’ 131 hay gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti i cədi dukʷibə hay

gʷəl

u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

go=now

ti i

cədi

dukʷibə

DIST

s/he

Changer

‘And so Changer goes on.’ 132

iˑ bə əy’dxʷ t s i acəc k’a k’a i CONJ

i ti ə

alšs

bə= əy’–dxʷ

tsi acəc

k’a k’a

ADD=find–DC

UNQ:FEM

crow

i

ti ə

CONJ

PROX

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO ‘Indeed, he finds Crow and her brother.’ 133 gʷəhaw’ə gʷəhaw’ə seemingly

uq’ʷic’il tsi ə cədi k’a k’a u–q’ʷic’il PFV–widowed

tsi ə

cədi

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

s/he

crow

‘It seems that Crow has been widowed.’ 134

u atəbəd ti ə tus ’istxʷs u– atəbəd PFV–die

ti ə

tu=s ’istxʷ–s

PROX

PAST=husband–3PO

‘Her late husband has died.’

Martha Williams Lamont

217

135 tuq’iyaƛ’əd ti i tus ’istxʷs tu=q’iyaƛ’əd

ti i

tu=s ’istxʷ–s

PAST=slug

DIST

PAST=husband–3PO

‘Her late husband was Slug.’ 136 gʷəl di

u atəbəd u– atəbəd

gʷəl

di

SCONJ

FOC

PFV–die

‘But he has died.’ 137

uq’ʷic’il tsi ə k’a k’a u–q’ʷic’il PFV–widowed

tsi ə

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

crow

‘Crow has become widowed.’ 138 gʷəl a ti ə qaw’qs sixʷ a kʷ gʷəl SCONJ

a be.there

ti ə

qaw’qs

sixʷ

PROX

raven

PTCL

a kʷ seaward

‘And there is Raven down by the water.’ 139 gʷəl ibəšəxʷ tsi ə cədi s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a gʷəl SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

tsi ə

cədi

s ušəbabdxʷ

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

s/he

poor.guy

crow

‘And pitiful Crow is walking.’ 140 lədᶻaqad lə=dᶻaqa–t PROG=mourn–ICS

‘She is mourning.’ 141 yə i huy u atəbəd ti ə s ’istxʷs yə i

huy

because

SCONJ

u– atəbəd PFV–die

‘Because her husband has died.’ 142

uq’ʷic’il u–q’ʷic’il PFV–widowed

‘She has been widowed.’

ti ə

s ’istxʷ–s

PROX

husband–3PO

218

Changer

143 huy gʷəl lə aab tsi ə k’a k’a huy

gʷəl

lə= aab

tsi ə

k’a k’a

SCONJ

SCONJ

PROG=cry

PROX:FEM

crow

‘And Crow goes along crying.’ 144 lə aab lə= aab PROG=cry

‘She goes along crying,’ 145 tusi ab ti tuds ’istxʷ tu=si ab

ti

tu=d–s ’istxʷ

PAST=noble

SPEC

PAST=1SG.PO–husband

‘♪ “My late husband was noble. ♪’ 146 tusi ab ti tuds ’istxʷ tu=si ab

ti

tu=d–s ’istxʷ

PAST=noble

SPEC

PAST=1SG.PO–husband

‘♪ “My late husband was noble. ♪’ 147 tusi ab ti tuds ’istxʷ tu=si ab

ti

tu=d–s ’istxʷ

PAST=noble

SPEC

PAST=1SG.PO–husband

‘♪ “My late husband was noble. ♪’ 148 tusi ab tus ista tu=si ab

tu=s= ista

PAST=noble

PAST=NM=be.like

‘♪ “Noble is how he was.” ♪’ 149 huy qʷi adəxʷ sixʷ ti ə cədi qaw’qs huy

qʷi ad=axʷ

sixʷ

ti ə

cədi

qaw’qs

SCONJ

call.out=now

PTCL

PROX

s/he

raven

‘Then Raven calls out,’ 150 tugʷiyat kʷi tads ’istxʷ2 tu=gʷat

kʷi

tu=ad–s ’istxʷ

PAST=who

REM

PAST=2SG.PO–husband

‘ “Who was your husband?’

__________ 2

gʷiyat is Raven’s pronunciation of gʷat.

Martha Williams Lamont

219

151 tugʷiyat k’a k’a tu=gʷat

k’a k’a

PAST=who

crow

‘ “Who was he, Crow?’ 152 gʷəda atəb dᶻə tə xʷi ləha dᶻə gʷə=da a–t–b SBJ=named–ICS–PASS

əstə t abšəd gʷəcədi əs kʷi gʷə s atəbəds

PTCL

as–tə –t ab•šəd STAT–DSTR–chapped•leg

tə

xʷi

lə=ha

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

gʷə=cədi =as

kʷi

gʷə=s= atəbəd=s

SBJ=s/he=3SBRD

REM

SBJ=NM=die=3PO

‘ “The no-good, chapped-legged so-and-so should be named if he is the one who has died!” ’ 153 bə aab tsi s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a bə= aab

tsi

s ušəbabdxʷ

k’a k’a

ADD=cry

SPEC:FEM

poor.guy

crow

‘Pitiful Crow cries some more.’ 154 bəwiwiliq’ʷid bə=wi–wiliq’ʷi–t ADD=ATTN–ask–ICS

‘(Raven) asks her again,’ 155 tugʷiyat əw’ə kʷi tads ’istxʷ tu=gʷat

əw’ə

kʷi

tu=ad–s ’istxʷ

PAST=who

PTCL

REM

PAST=2SG.PO–husband

‘ “Who was your husband?’ 156 tugʷiyat ənimulic’a tu=gʷat

ənimulic’a

PAST=who

Xenimulitsa

‘ “Who was he, Xenimulitsa?’ 157

uˑ ti ə xʷi ləha ! u INTJ

ti ə

xʷi

lə=ha

PROX

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “Oh, the no-good so-and-so!’

220

Changer

158 gʷuda atəb dᶻə gʷəcədi əs kʷi gʷəu atəbəd gʷə= u–da a–t–b dᶻə gʷə=cədi =as SBJ=PFV–named–ICS–PASS

PTCL

SBJ=s/he=3SBRD

kʷi

gʷə= u– atəbəd=s

REM

SBJ=PFV–die=3PO

‘ “He should be named if he is the one who has died!’ 159 ləl i

u ə ti tuq’iyaƛ’əd

ləli different

u

ə

INT

PR

ti

tu=q’iyaƛ’əd

SPEC

PAST=slug

‘ “Was he other than Slug?’3 160 ləli

u

ləli

u

different

INT

‘ “Is it someone else?” ’ 161 tiləbəxʷ bələq’ ad tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ tiləb=axʷ

bə=lə=q’ a–t

tsi i

s ušəbabdxʷ

immediately=now

ADD=PROG=insult–ICS

DIST:FEM

poor.guy

‘Right away he insults the poor dear again.’ 162 q’iyaƛ’əd ti tads ’istxʷ! q’iyaƛ’əd

ti

tu=ad–s ’istxʷ

slug

SPEC

PAST=2SG.PO–husband

‘ “Slug was your husband!’ 163 tu ʷu ʷ utab tu ʷ–u ʷ INTNS–just

u–taba PFV–do

‘ “It just happened.’ 164 gʷəl yubil4 gʷəl

yubil

SCONJ

dies

‘ “But he died.’

__________ 3

By naming the deceased here, Raven is breaking the taboo against naming high-ranking dead people. This is disrespectful, doubly so because it implies that Slug was not high-ranking enough to merit the taboo. 4 The choice of yubil, a term used for the death of animals, rather than ʔatəbəd, is an added insult to Crow.

Martha Williams Lamont

221

165 xʷu ələ tutab ə kʷi s əbid xʷu ələ

tu=taba

ə

maybe

PAST=do

PR

kʷi

s əbid

REM

Douglas.fir.bark

‘ “It seems that he did it with the fir bark.’ 166 gʷəl up’a ad gʷəl

u–p’a ad

SCONJ

PFV–try

‘ “He tried it.’ 167

udᶻi id ti ə s əbid al ti i luƛ’ qʷ ay u–dᶻi i–t ti ə s əbid PFV–broken–ICS

al

Douglas.fir.bark

PROX

at

ti i

luƛ’

qʷ ay

DIST

old

log

‘ “He broke down the bark of an old fir tree.’ 168 gʷəl (h)uy kʷa abacəxʷ gʷəl

huy

kʷa •abac=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

released•body=now

‘ “And then it comes loose from the trunk.’ 169 huy lə ʷiǰəxʷ ti ə cədi tuq’iyaƛ’əd huy

lə ʷ•iǰ=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

tu=q’iyaƛ’əd

SCONJ

cover•covering=now

PROX

s/he

PAST=slug

‘ “Then it comes down on the late Slug.” ’ 170 tə ti i dəxʷucutcuts tə

ti i

dəxʷ= u–cut–cut=s

truly

DIST

ADNM=PFV–DSTR–speak=3PO

‘It was true what (Raven) was saying.’ 171 huy gʷəl atəbəd ti ə s ’istxʷs tuq’iyaƛ’əd huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

atəbəd die

ti ə

s ’istxʷ–s

tu=q’iyaƛ’əd

PROX

husband–3PO

PAST=slug

‘And then her husband, the late Slug, died.’ 172

udᶻi i al ti ə tusušə s hud tusuƛ’aƛ’ ups u–dᶻi •i al ti ə tu=s= u–šə =s PFV–broken•covering

at

PROX

PAST=NM=PFV–make=3PO

hud wood

tu=s= u–ƛ’a–ƛ’• up=s PAST=NM=PFV–DSTR–go•fire=3PO

‘It collapsed on top of him when he was gathering wood for firewood.’

222

Changer

173 gʷəl tə biƛ’il ti i tudəxʷu aabsəxʷ tsi i cədi s ušəbabdxʷ gʷəl

tə

biƛ’i–il

ti i

tu=dəxʷ= u– aab=s=axʷ

SCONJ

truly crushed–INCH

DIST

PAST=ADNM=PFV–cry=3PO=now

tsi i

cədi

s ušəbabdxʷ

DIST:FEM

s/he

poor.guy

‘And truly he got squashed, which is why the poor dear was crying.’ 174 huy q’ atəbəxʷ sixʷ ə ti ə qaw’qs huy

q’ a–t–b=axʷ

sixʷ

ə

SCONJ

insult–ICS–PASS=now

PTCL

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Then she is slandered by Raven.’ 175

u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə

al ti i

u ʷ=axʷ əlgʷə go=now

al at

PL

ti i DIST

‘They go there.’ 176 gʷəl (h)uy bə alqəxʷ gʷəl

huy

bə •alq=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

fall•game=now

‘And then they bring down game.’ 177 šudubəxʷ ə t i ə cədi ti i šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ

ə

see–DC–PASS=now

PR

utab

ti ə

cədi

ti i

PROX

s/he

DIST

‘Changer sees what was done.’ 178

ubə alq ə t s i ə sqigʷac u–bə •alq PFV–fall•game

ə PR

tsi ə

sqigʷac

PROX:FEM

deer

‘They have brought down Deer.’ 179 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi i cədi s ušəbabdxʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

tsi i

cədi

s ušəbabdxʷ

DIST:FEM

s/he

poor.guy

‘Then that humble one (Raven) goes.’ 180

i u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb i CONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Mink goes, too.’

ti ə

cədi

bəš əb

PROX

s/he

mink

u–taba PFV–do

Martha Williams Lamont

223

181 gʷəl lə il gʷəl

lə= il

SCONJ

PROG=arrive

‘And he is arriving.’ 182 gʷəl stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy gʷəl

stab

kʷi

ad=s= u–huyu

SCONJ

what

REM

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made

‘And, “What are you doing?” ’ 183

əxʷkʷaxʷadəbəxʷ ti ə

uk’ʷi ’ ə ti ə gʷəhaw’ə sqigʷac

as–dxʷ–kʷaxʷa–t–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–help–ICS–DSD=now

gʷəhaw’ə

sqigʷac

seemingly

deer

ti ə PROX

u–k’ʷi ’ PFV–butchered

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘He wants to help butcher what appears to be a deer.’ 184

əxʷkʷaxʷadəbəxʷ as–dxʷ–kʷaxʷa–t–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–help–ICS–DSD=now

‘He wants to help.’ 185

iˑ gʷəl (h)uy huy u cut i and

gʷəl

huy

huyu–t–sut

SCONJ

SCONJ

made–ICS–REFL

‘Yes, and then they get ready.’ 186 huyəxʷ ti ə sk’ʷi ’s huyu=axʷ

ti ə

s=k’ʷi ’=s

made=now

PROX

NM=butchered=3PO

‘They finish butchering it.’ 187 qʷatqʷatatəbəxʷ ti ə bək’ʷ stab biac qʷat–qʷata–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

bək’ʷ

stab

biac

DSTR–laid.out–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

all

what

meat

‘All the meat is laid out.’ 188 day’əxʷ ti i tuq’ədᶻa

ə tsi i sqigʷac i ti stabs tusp’us stabs ti i qəlbid ə ti ə

caadi day’=axʷ

ti i

tu=q’ədᶻa

uniquely=now

DIST

PAST=intestines

ə PR

tsi i

sqigʷac

DIST:FEM

deer

i CONJ

ti SPEC

224

Changer

s=stab–s NM=what=3PO

tu=sp’us–s

s=stab–s

ti i

qəlbid

ə

PAST=kidney–3PO

NM=what=3PO

DIST

waste

PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘It was only Deer’s entrails and what were her kidneys, what was refuse to them.’ 189 huy di əxʷ ucutəbəxʷ huy

di =axʷ

SCONJ

FOC=now

u–cut–t–b=axʷ PFV–say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then he is spoken to,’ 190

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ ukʷədad ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS

‘ “You just take it.’ 191

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ ukʷədad gət ta a gʷə aƛ’txʷəxʷ kʷi gʷə adst’uk’ʷtxʷ ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS

gət

ta a

guy

DIST:UNQ.DMA

gʷə= aƛ’–txʷ=axʷ

kʷi

gʷə= u=ad=s=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ

SBJ=desired–ECS=now

REM

SBJ=IRR=2SG.PO=NM=go.home–ECS

‘ “You just take it, fellow, if you want it, you should take it home.” ’ 192 ƛ’al’əxʷ bəc’qʷibəxʷ ti ə bəqaw’qs ƛ’al’=axʷ

bə=c’qʷib=axʷ

ti ə

bə=qaw’qs

also=now

ADD=get.share=now

PROX

ADD=raven

‘Raven also gets a share.’ 193 tubə iləxʷ tu=bə= il=axʷ PAST=ADD=arrive=now

‘He arrived too.’ 194 gʷəl bəc’qʷibəxʷ ə ti i bə a gʷəl

bə=c’qʷib=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=get.share=now

ə

ti i

bə= a

PR

DIST

ADD=be.there

‘And he gets another share of what is there.’

Martha Williams Lamont

225

195 huy gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

ə

go–ECS–PASS=now PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘And then it is taken by him.’ 196

il tsi ə cədi bəp’uay’ il arrive

tsi ə

cədi

bə=p’uay’

PROX:FEM

s/he

ADD=flounder

‘Flounder too arrives.’ 197 day’əxʷ tasqʷaqʷtxʷ kʷsi acəc day’=axʷ

tu= as–qʷa–qʷt–txʷ

kʷsi

uniquely=now

PAST=STAT–ATTN–laid.out–ECS

REM:FEM

acəc be.in.place

‘They had laid out on just that spot only what there was (left) of her.’ 198

ʷul’əxʷ q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ə tsi i tusqigʷac ᶻ q’əd a ə tsi i

tu=sqigʷac

intestines

PAST=deer

PR

DIST:FEM

‘They are just the entrails of the late Deer.’ 199 gʷəl di əxʷ u u ʷtub ə ti ə gʷəl

di =axʷ FOC=now

SCONJ

i bəš əb i ti ə qaw’qs ti i sgʷa s əlgʷə

u– u ʷ–txʷ–b

ə

PFV–go–ECS–PASS

PR

qaw’qs ti i

sgʷa –s

əlgʷə

raven

one’s.own–3PO

PL

DIST

ti ə PROX

i CONJ

bəš əb mink

i CONJ

ti ə PROX

‘And what was theirs is taken by both Mink and Raven.’ 200

əsƛ’uƛ’ubil as–ƛ’u–ƛ’ub–il STAT–ATTN–well–INCH

‘It was a little better (than Flounder’s share).’ 201

u ʷəxʷ kʷa ti i

əsbə alq əlgʷə

u ʷ=axʷ kʷa

ti i

go=now

PTCL

DIST

as–bə •alq

əlgʷə

STAT–fall•game

PL

‘They who brought down the game must have gone.’ 202 di ti acəc ƛ’ucutəb stiqtiqayu ti ə

ubə alq

di

ti acəc

ƛ’u=cut–t–b

stiq–tiqayu

ti ə

FOC

UNQ

HAB=say–ICS–PASS

DSTR–wolf

PROX

u–bə •alq PFV–fall•game

‘Those who brought down the game are the ones called wolves.’

226

203

Changer

ubə alq ə tsi ə sqigʷac u–bə •alq

ə

PFV–fall•game

PR

tsi ə

sqigʷac

PROX:FEM

deer

‘They brought down Deer.’ 204

ixʷixʷ ti ə caadi təlixʷ suq’ʷa ixʷixʷ three:HMN

ti ə

caadi

təlixʷ

suq’ʷa

PROX

they

blood.brothers

younger.sibling

‘These full-blood brothers are three.’ 205 suq’ʷsuq’ʷa bitagʷəl ti ə cədi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –b–i–t–agʷəl

ti ə

cədi

dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi

DSTR–younger.sibling–MD–SS–ICS–RCP

PROX

s/he

PROC–DSTR–hunt

‘These hunters are brothers to each other.’ 206 stiqayu ti i sda s stiqayu

ti i

s=da a=s

wolf

DIST

NM=named=3PO

‘Their name is Wolf.’ 207

s tiqtiqayu stiq–tiqayu DSTR–wolf

‘They are wolves.’ 208 huy gʷəl c’qʷibəxʷ tsi ə bəp’uay’ huy

gʷəl

c’qʷib=axʷ

tsi ə

bə=p’uay’

SCONJ

SCONJ

get.share=now

PROX:FEM

ADD=flounder

‘And then Flounder too gets a share.’ 209 di əxʷ yuwa

i laq

di =axʷ

yuwa

FOC=now

ultimate

i –laq PRTV–behind

‘She is the very last one.’ 210 huy gʷəl c’qʷibəxʷ tsi i p’uay’ ə ti i tuq’ədᶻa huy SCONJ

gʷəl

c’qʷib=axʷ

tsi i

p’uay’

SCONJ

get.share=now

DIST:FEM

flounder

tu=q’ədᶻa PAST=intestines

‘And then Flounder shares in the former entrails.’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

227

211 kʷədatəb ə tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ kʷəda–t–b

ə

taken–ICS–PASS

PR

tsi i

s ušəbabdxʷ

DIST:FEM

poor.guy

‘They are taken by the poor dear.’ 212 cutəb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS ‘She is told,’ 213

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uhayayəd ʷul’=axʷ

əxʷ

only=now

u–hay–ay–t

2SG.SUB

PFV–DIM.EFF–known–ICS

‘ “You just figure out how to deal with it.’ 214 dəgʷihəxʷ p’uay’ dəgʷi=axʷ

p’uay’

you=now

flounder

‘ “You, Flounder.’ 215 di əxʷ stab adsc’qib di =axʷ

stab

ad=s=c’qib

FOC=now

what

2SG.PO=NM=get.share

‘ “Anything (left) is your share.” ’ 216 huy kʷədadəxʷ ti ə sq’ədᶻa

ə t s i ə sqigʷac s=q’ədᶻa

huy

kʷəda–t=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

taken–ICS=now

PROX

NM=intestines

‘Then she takes the entrails of Deer.’ 217 qʷibidəxʷ qʷibi–t=axʷ prepared–ICS=now ‘She gets them ready.’ 218 gʷəl (h)uy əba ədəxʷ gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now

‘And then she backpacks them.’

ə PR

tsi ə

sqigʷac

PROX:FEM

deer

228

219

Changer

əba ədəxʷ əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now ‘She backpacks them.’

220 gʷəl xʷəbali bidəxʷ al əbids ə ti al

gʷəl

xʷəb•ali –bi–t=axʷ

SCONJ

thrown•bundle–MAP–ICS=now

at

a–bid–s

ə

be.there–RLNL–3PO

PR

ti SPEC

‘And she tosses the package over her shoulder, having it right here.’ 221 gʷəl a ləs əbad gʷəl

a

ləs– əba –t

be.there

SCONJ

PROG.STAT–backpack–ICS

‘And there she is backpacking it.’ 222

aˑ ləstabəd ti i cədi q’ədᶻa ] a INTJ

ləs–taba–t

ti i

cədi

q’ədᶻa

PROG.STAT–do–ICS

DIST

s/he

intestines

‘There she is keeping those entrails in the same position.’ 223

ibəšəxʷ tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ ibəš=axʷ travel=now

tsi i

s ušəbabdxʷ

DIST:FEM

poor.guy

‘The poor dear sets out.’ 224 huy gʷəl ad kʷi s əy’dubs ə ti ə cədi huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ad where

kʷi

s= əy’–dxʷ–b=s

REM

NM=find–DC–PASS=3PO

‘So then, where are they found by him (Changer)?’ 225

isəb kʷa ti ə caadi il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS

kʷa

ti ə

caadi

PTCL

PROX

they

‘They must have been come upon by Changer.’ 226

u ə i əd ələp haw’ə u– ə i– əd PFV–RDP–what.happen

ələp 2PL.SUB

haw’ə PTCL

‘ “What are you guys doing, anyhow?” ’

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

Martha Williams Lamont

227

uˑ tu ʷ si ab ubə alq ə u

tu ʷ

si ab

INTJ

just

noble

229

ə tsi acəc

a uc’ə qiwsəd

u–bə •alq

ə

PFV–fall•game

1PL.SUB

ə

tsi acəc

PR

UNQ:FEM

a 1PL.COORD

u–c’ə qiws–t PFV–cut.up–ICS

‘ “Oh, Sir, we just killed this game right there and we cut it all up.’ 228 yə i huy uyubiləxʷ ə yə i

huy

because

SCONJ

u–yubil=axʷ

ə 1PL.SUB

PFV–starve=now

‘ “Because we were starving.’ 229

utətagʷəxʷəxʷ

ə

u–tə–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ

ə

PFV–PL–hungry=now

1PL.SUB

‘ “We were hungry.” ’ 230

uˑ ʷul’əxʷ ələp ustiqayu u

ʷul’=axʷ

up’aƛ’aƛ’əxʷ

ələp

u=stiqayu

only=now 2PL.SUB

INTJ

IRR=wolf

u=p’aƛ’aƛ’=axʷ IRR=worthless=now

‘ “Oh, you guys will just be wolves, no-accounts.’ 231

udxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi

ələp ə kʷi sqigʷac ə kʷi stab k’ʷə tit ul’bixʷ

u=dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi IRR=PROC–DSTR–hunt

ələp 2PL.SUB

ə PR

kʷi

sqigʷac

REM

deer

ə PR

kʷi

stab

REM

what wild

tit ul’bixʷ small.animal ‘ “You will be hunters of deer, and things, and smaller wild animals.” ’ 232

i ʷduptəb ti i tubə alq i ʷ•dup–t–b thrown.at•land–ICS–PASS

ti i

tu=bə •alq

DIST

PAST=fall•game

‘The fallen game is scattered.’ 233 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u ʷ go

‘And he goes.’

k’ʷə

230

Changer

234 gʷəl bələwiwiliq’ʷitəb ti ə bəš əb gʷəl

bə=lə=wi–wiliq’ʷi–t–b

ti ə

bəš əb

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=ATTN–ask–ICS–PASS

PROX

mink

‘And next Mink is asked a few more questions.’ 235

ʷul’əxʷ tubəxʷəbtəb ʷul’=axʷ

tu=bə=xʷəb–t–b

only=now

PAST=ADD=thrown–ICS–PASS

‘He is just thrown down.’ 236

up’aƛ’aƛ’ əxʷ u=p’aƛ’aƛ’

əxʷ

IRR=worthless

2SG.SUB

‘ “You will be of no importance.’ 237

ubəš əb u=bəš əb IRR=mink

‘ “You will be a mink.’ 238

up’aƛ’aƛ’ ə ti usdukʷəxʷ u=p’aƛ’aƛ’

ə ‿ti

IRR=worthless

seemingly

u=s–dukʷu=axʷ IRR=NP–abnormal=now

‘ “You will be a no-account, sort of riff-raff.’ 239 bək’ʷ ad adəxʷutəl’təlawil al ta a qʷu qəl’qəladi bək’ʷ all

ad

u=ad=dəxʷ= u–təl’–təlawil

where

al

IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–DSTR–run

at

ta a

qʷu

DIST:UNQ.DMA

water

qəl’–qəladi DSTR–uprooted.tree

‘ “You will be running everywhere by the water, the driftwood snags.’ 240

əbil’ əxʷ bət’aq’t al ti swatixʷtəd kʷi adsudᶻək’ʷ əbil’

əxʷ

perhaps

2SG.SUB

bə=t’aq’t ADD=inland

al at

ti

swatixʷtəd

kʷi

SPEC

land

REM

u=ad=s= u–dᶻək’ʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–wander

‘ “Perhaps you’ll go into the high country too, where you will wander around.” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

231

241 ƛ’al’əxʷ bə əy’dubəxʷ tsi ə ƛ’al’=axʷ

bə= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ

tsi ə

also=now

ADD=find–DC–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

‘She (Flounder) was found as well.’ 242 bələs əba əxʷ tsi ə p’uay’ bə=ləs– əba =axʷ

tsi ə

p’uay’

ADD=PROG.STAT–backpack=now

PROX:FEM

flounder

‘Flounder is backpacking again.’ 243 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go

‘She is going.’ 244 lək’ʷit’əxʷ lə=k’ʷit’=axʷ PROG=shoreward=now

‘She is going down to the shore.’ 245 gʷəl təqdubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə gʷəl

tq–dxʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

close–DC–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

dukʷibə

PROX

s/he

Changer

‘And her path is blocked by Changer.’ 246 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl

cut–t–b

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

‘And she is spoken to,’ 247 stab ti i adsəs əba stab

ti i

ad=s= as– əba

what

DIST

2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack

‘ “What are you carrying on your back?” ’ 248

uˑ c’qʷib əd si ab ə ti i q’ədᶻa

ə tsi i sqigʷac s bə alq ə ta a si i ab i

stiqayu u INTJ

c’qʷib get.share

əd 1SG.SUB

si ab

ə

ti i

q’ədᶻa

noble

PR

DIST

intestines

ə PR

tsi i DIST:FEM

232

Changer

sqigʷac

s=bə •alq

ə

deer

NM=fall•game

PR

ta a

si –i ab

DIST:UNQ.DMA

PL–noble

i CONJ

stiqayu wolf

‘ “Oh Sir, I got a share of the entrails of the deer killed by the noble Wolves.’ 249 di cəxʷəs əba

ti ə

dsəsc’qʷib tsi ə

u u

di

d=dəxʷ= as– əba

ti ə

d=s= as–c’qʷib

FOC

1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–backpack

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=STAT–get.share

tsi ə

u u

PROX:FEM

little.bit

‘ “My little share of it is what I am backpacking.” ’ 250 ƛ’ub ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa p’uay’ kʷi adsəshuy ƛ’ub ʷul’=axʷ u=ad–q’ədᶻa well

IRR=2SG.PO–intestines

only=now

p’uay’

kʷi

flounder

REM

u=ad=s= as–huyu IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–made

‘ “It is better, Flounder, that what you are doing (i.e., carrying) will be your entrails.’ 251

usu ə əd əxʷ ə kʷi i laq aci talbixʷ u=s= u– ə əd

əxʷ

IRR=NM=PFV–feed.on

ə

2SG.SUB

kʷi

PR

REM

i –laq PRTV–behind

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “You are what later people will eat.” ’ 252 xʷəbtəb dxʷ al ti

ʷəl

xʷəb–t–b

dxʷ– al

ti

thrown–ICS–PASS

CNTRPT–at

SPEC

ʷəl sea

‘She is thrown into the sea.’ 253 gʷəl u ʷ tsi p’uay’ gʷəl

u ʷ

SCONJ

go

tsi

p’uay’

SPEC:FEM

flounder

‘And Flounder goes.’ 254 di i əxʷ ti i q’ədᶻa di –i =axʷ INTNS–FOC=now

uq’ədᶻa səxʷ tsi i gʷə sqigʷac q’ədᶻa ti i q’ədᶻa u=q’ədᶻa –s=axʷ

gʷə

intestines ᶻ sqigʷac q’əd a

ASSC

deer

DIST

IRR=intestines–3PO=now

intestines

‘Those very entrails belonging to Deer will be her entrails.’

tsi i DIST:FEM

Martha Williams Lamont

255 ti i dəxʷəs ista

233

ə ti i q’ədᶻa

ti i

dəxʷ= as– ista

DIST

ADNM=STAT–be.like

ə

ə tsi i p’uay’ ti i q’ədᶻa

PR

DIST

ə

intestines

PR

tsi i

p’uay’

DIST:FEM

flounder

‘That is why the entrails of Flounder are like that.’ 256 di tushuyutəbsəxʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə di

tu=s=huyu–t–b=s=axʷ

FOC

PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO=now

ə PR

ti ə

dukʷibə

PROX

Changer

‘That is what was done to her by Changer.’ 257 tub ə əy’dubəxʷ ti ə cədi

i kʷəlq

tu=bə= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

PAST=ADD=find–DC–PASS=now

PROX

s/he

i –kʷəlq PRTV–others

‘The others were found by him.’ 258 gʷəl (h)uy cutəb gʷəl

huy

cut–t–b

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

‘And then they are spoken to,’ 259 stab kʷi gʷəsgʷa s əlgʷə

i k’a k’a

i qaw’qs

stab

kʷi

gʷə=sgʷa –s

əlgʷə

what

REM

SBJ=ones.own–3PO

PL

i

k’a k’a

CONJ

crow

i CONJ

‘ “What belongs to Crow and Raven?” ’ 260 di bəsuc’qʷib ə tu ʷ cədi di

bə=s= u–c’qʷib

FOC

ADD=NM=PFV–get.share

ə 1PL.PO

tu ʷ

cədi

just

s/he

‘ “That is what we got in on – just that.’ 261 tu ʷ ə p’aƛ’aƛ’ tukʷədalikʷ tul’ a tu ʷ

ə

just

1PL.SUB

p’aƛ’aƛ’

tu=kʷəda–alikʷ

tul’– a

worthless

PAST=taken–ACT

CNTRFG–be.there

‘ “We just took worthless (bits) from there.” ’ 262 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ələp p’aƛ’aƛ’ udxʷbə ʷiqad li ilgʷi gʷəl

ʷul’=axʷ

SCONJ

only=now

ələp 2PL.SUB

p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless

u=dxʷbə ʷiqad IRR=scavenge

li – il•gʷi PRLV–side•waterway

‘ “And you guys will just scavenge along the shore.’

qaw’qs raven

234

Changer

263 dəgʷi k’a k’a dəgʷi

k’a k’a

you

crow

‘ “You, Crow.’ 264 ƛ’al’ bas ista ti i qaw’qs ƛ’al’

bə= as– ista

ti i

qaw’qs

also

ADD=STAT–be.like

DIST

raven

‘ “Raven will be like that, too.’ 265 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷatəxʷ stabəxʷ usəshuyləp xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

gʷat=axʷ

stab=axʷ

NEG=now

REM

who=now

what=now

‘ “Nobodies is what you will be made into.” ’ 266 huy k’a cut tsi i k’a k’a huy

k’a

cut

tsi i

k’a k’a

SCONJ

caw

say

DIST:FEM

crow

‘Then Crow says, “Caw.” ’ 267

u ʷ ti i qaw’qs u ʷ go

ti i

qaw’qs

DIST

raven

‘Raven goes.’ 268 cutcut cut–cut DSTR–say

‘He says,’ 269 qʷaq qʷaq qʷaq qʷaq

qʷaq

qʷaq

croak

croak

croak

‘ “Crruck, crruck, crruckk.” ’ 270 dəxʷə xʷ cutucid ə ti i cədi dəxʷəxʷcutucid language

ə

ti i

cədi

PR

DIST

s/he

‘That is that one’s language.’

u=s= as–huyu=lap IRR=NM=STAT–made=2PL.PO

Martha Williams Lamont

235

271 ƛ’al’ bas ista tsi ə k’a k’a ƛ’al’

bə= as– ista

tsi ə

k’a k’a

also

ADD=STAT–be.like

PROX:FEM

crow

‘The same with Crow.’ 272 k’aˑ k’aˑ k’aˑ k’a

k’a

k’a

caw

caw

caw

‘ “Caw, caw, caw.” ’ 273

ʷul’əxʷ tucuuc ʷul’=axʷ

tu=cut–c

only=now

PAST=say–ALTV

‘He just tells them,’ 274

əs ista əxʷ kʷi səhuyləp li ilgʷi as– ista =axʷ STAT–be.like=now

kʷi

s= as–huyu=lap

li – il•gʷi

REM

NM=STAT–made=2PL.PO

PRLV–side•waterway

‘ “You guys will act like this along the shore.’ 275

ubək’ʷucid ələp ə kʷi stab us ə ədləp u= u–bək’ʷ•ucid

ələp

IRR=PFV–scavenge•mouth

2PL.SUB

ə PR

kʷi

stab

u=s– ə əd–ləp

REM

what

IRR=food–2PL.PO

‘ “You guys will pick up in your mouths things that will be your food.” ’ 276 di tushuy ə ti i dukʷibə di

tu=s=huyu

FOC

PAST=NM=made

ə

ti i

dukʷibə

PR

DIST

Changer

‘That is what Changer did.’ 277 lədukʷudəxʷ ti ə tushuy ə ti ə sqigʷac lə=dukʷu–t=axʷ

ti ə

tu=s=huyu

PROG=abnormal–ICS=now

PROX

PAST=NM=made

ə PR

ti ə

sqigʷac

PROX

deer

‘He goes along magically changing how Deer was.’ 278 gʷəl aləxʷ xʷu ələ kʷi tudxʷlaqəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

al=axʷ

xʷu ələ

kʷi

tu= dxʷ– laq=axʷ

at=now

maybe

REM

PAST=CNTRPT–behind=now

‘But that I guess is later on.’

236

Changer

279 gʷəl di xʷu ələ tušac’s ti i də ’u syəyəhub gʷəl

di

xʷu ələ

tu=s=šac’=s

ti i

də ’u

syəyəhub

SCONJ

FOC

maybe

PAST=NM=finished=3PO

DIST

one

legend

‘And that I guess is the end of that one traditional story.’

Martha Williams Lamont

237

Owl Lives There as told by Martha Lamont1 1

əs a lil ti i ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus as– a lil

ti i

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

STAT–live

DIST

DIST

owl

‘Owl lives there.’ 2

gʷəl əbs əgʷas ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus ə tsi i waq’waq’ gʷəl SCONJ

as–bəs– əgʷas

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

STAT–PROP–wife

DIST

owl

ə PR

tsi i

waq’waq’

DIST:FEM

frog

‘And Owl has Frog as a wife.’ 3

tsi ə waq’waq’ ƛ’u al tə sc’p’ali tsi ə

waq’waq’ ƛ’u= al

tə

sc’p’ali

PROX:FEM

frog

NSPEC

swamp

HAB=at

‘Frog who is always in the swamp.’ 4

ƛ’uƛ’əladi ƛ’u=ƛ’əladi HAB=make.noise

‘She always makes noise.’ 5

ƛ’ucut ƛ’u=cut HAB=say

‘She always talks.’ 6

xʷi ləha kʷ ti ə səs a lils xʷi

lə=ha kʷ

ti ə

s= as– a lil=s

NEG

NEGP=long.time

PROX

NM=STAT–live=3PO

‘Not for long have they been living there.’ 7

əshuygʷəs ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus i waq’waq’ as–huyu•gʷəs

ə

STAT–made•pair

PR

ti ə

təkʷtəkʷəlus

PROX

owl

i CONJ

waq’waq’ frog

‘Owl and Frog are married.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 7 October 1964, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006).

238

8

Owl Lives There

huy dᶻidᶻihi əxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy dᶻidᶻihi =axʷ tsi ə pregnant=now

SCONJ

waq’waq’

PROX:FEM

frog

‘Then Frog is pregnant.’ 9

huy gʷəl tubəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

i ti ə

acəc təkʷtəkʷəlus

gʷəl

tu=bəda –b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PAST=offspring–MD=now

PL

i

ti ə

CONJ

acəc

PROX

be.in.place

təkʷtəkʷəlus owl ‘And then she and Owl had a baby.’ 10 bəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə

i ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus ə ti ə baby mi man’ ’a ’as

bəda –b=axʷ

əlgʷə

offspring–MD=now

PL

mi –man’

i CONJ

ti ə

təkʷtəkʷəlus

PROX

owl

ə PR

ti ə

baby

PROX

baby

’a ’as child

ATTN–small

‘She and Owl have a little baby boy.’ 11 bəda əbəxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ bəda –b=axʷ

tsi ə

waq’waq’

offspring–MD=now

PROX:FEM

frog

‘Frog has a baby.’ 12 huy gʷəl ƛ’u aabi əxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy

gʷəl

ƛ’u= aab•i =axʷ

tsi ə

waq’waq’

SCONJ

SCONJ

HAB=cry•child=now

PROX:FEM

frog

‘And then Frog’s baby always cries.’ 13 ƛ’u aabi əxʷ ƛ’u= aab•i =axʷ HAB=cry•child=now

‘Her baby always cries.’ 14 huy gʷəl xʷi əxʷ gʷəsu itut ə ti ə bək’ʷ gʷat al ti s əs a lil s huy

gʷəl

xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= u– itut

SCONJ

SCONJ

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=PFV–sleep

al at

ti

s= as– a lil=s

SPEC

NM=STAT–live=3PO

‘And then no one can sleep while they live there.’

ə PR

ti ə

bək’ʷ gʷat

PROX

all

who

Martha Williams Lamont

239

15 huy ƛ’u aa aabi əxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy

ƛ’u= aa– aab•i =axʷ

tsi ə

waq’waq’

SCONJ

HAB=DSTR–cry•child=now

PROX:FEM

frog

‘Frog’s baby always cries and cries.’ 16 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubil ə ti acəc bi bəda s xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= ʷubil

ə

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=quiet

PR

ti acəc

bi –bəda –s

UNQ

ATTN–offspring–3PO

‘Her little baby is never quiet.’ 17 xʷi gʷəƛ’usu idigʷat ə tsi ə waq’waq’ xʷi

gʷə=ƛ’u=s= u– idigʷat

NEG

SBJ=HAB=NM=PFV–say.what

ə PR

tsi ə

waq’waq’

PROX:FEM

frog

‘Frog never says anything.’ 18

ʷul’ əsgʷədil ʷul’ only

as–gʷəd–il STAT–down–INCH

‘She just sits there.’ 19

ʷul’ ubədᶻqəb ti ə qədxʷs ʷul’ u–bədᶻqəb ti ə qədxʷ–s only

PFV–flutter

PROX

mouth–3PO

‘Her mouth just flaps.’ 20

ʷul’ ubədᶻqəb ti ə qədxʷs ʷul’ u–bədᶻqəb ti ə only

PFV–flutter

PROX

qədxʷ–s mouth–3PO

‘Her mouth just flaps.’ 21

ʷul’ ubak’ʷacut ti ə qədxʷs ʷul’ only

u–bak’ʷa–t–sut PFV–move.quickly–ICS–REFL

‘Her mouth is just moving fast.’ 22 huy cutəbəxʷ huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then it is spoken,’

ti ə

qədxʷ–s

PROX

mouth–3PO

240

23

Owl Lives There

əs ə id əw’ə tsi ə ad əgʷas də ʷul’s ubak’ʷacut ti ə qədxʷs as– ə id STAT–what.happen

əw’ə

tsi ə

ad– əgʷas

dəxʷ= ʷul’=s

PTCL

PROX:FEM

2SG.PO–wife

ADNM=only=3PO

u–bak’ʷa–t–sut PFV–move.quickly–ICS–REFL

ti ə

qədxʷ–s

PROX

mouth–3PO

‘ “What is the matter with your wife that her mouth is just moving?’ 24

əs ə id as– ə id STAT–what.happen

‘ “What is the matter?” ’ 25 huy xʷu ələ cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus tsi ə ə

huy

xʷu ələ

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

maybe

say–ICS–PASS=now

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

PR

əgʷas gʷəƛ’uha li əxʷəs

ti ə

təkʷtəkʷəlus

tsi ə

PROX

owl

PROX:FEM

gʷə=ƛ’u=ha l•i =axʷ=as SBJ=HAB=stop.crying•child=now=3SBRD

‘Then I guess Frog is told by Owl that she should soothe the baby.’ 26 huy kʷədatəbəxʷ ə tsi ə waq’waq’ ti acəc bi bəda s səs qi s huy

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

ə

taken–ICS–PASS=now

PR

tsi ə

waq’waq’ ti acəc

PROX:FEM

frog

bi –bəda –s

s= as– q•i =s

ATTN–offspring–3PO

NM=STAT–wrapped•child=3PO

‘Then Frog takes her little swaddled baby.’ 27

əskəki txʷ as–kəki –txʷ STAT–cradleboard–ECS

‘She has put him in a cradle board.’ 28 huy gʷəl dᶻakʷadəxʷ huy gʷəl dᶻakʷa–t=axʷ SCONJ

SCONJ

rock–ICS=now

‘And then she rocks him.’ 29 cutcuucəxʷ cut–cut–c=axʷ DSTR–say–ALTV=now

‘She says to him over and over,’

UNQ

Martha Williams Lamont

241

30 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 31 And she was just saying that 32

ucucutəxʷ tsi ə k’a k’a u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now

i stab waq’waq’

tsi ə

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

crow

i

stab

waq’waq’

INTJ

what

frog

‘Crow ..., or what ..., Frog says over and over,’ 33

ucucutəxʷ u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now

‘She says over and over,’ 34 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 35 she was … udᶻakʷadəxʷ ti i bi bəda s udᶻakʷadəxʷ she was u–dᶻakʷa–t=axʷ ti i bi –bəda –s she was

PFV–rock–ICS=now

DIST

u–dᶻakʷa–t=axʷ

ATTN–offspring–3PO

PFV–rock–ICS=now

‘She rocks her little baby, she rocks him.’ 36 gʷəl ucucutəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now

‘And she says over and over.’ 37 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 38

up’a cutəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsgʷəƛ’əbək’ʷtxʷs ti ə cədi u–p’a cut=axʷ PFV–try=now

dxʷ– al

kʷi

gʷə=s=gʷəƛ’əbək’ʷ–txʷ=s

ti ə

cədi

CNTRPT–at

REM

SBJ=NM=quiet–ECS=3PO

PROX

s/he

‘She tries to quiet him.’ 39 gʷəl ƛ’al’əxʷ bəcucutəxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ gʷəl

ƛ’al’=axʷ

bə=cut–cut=axʷ

tsi ə

waq’waq’

SCONJ

also=now

ADD=DSTR–say=now

PROX:FEM

frog

‘And Frog talks on and on too.’

242

Owl Lives There

40 təbəwihəxʷ sgʷəgʷadads dxʷ al ti ə bi bəda s təbəwih=axʷ

s=gʷəgʷadad=s

dxʷ– al

ti ə

energetically=now

NM=converse=3PO

CNTRPT–at

PROX

bi –bəda –s ATTN–offspring–3PO

‘She speaks energetically to her little baby.’ 41 huy gʷəl bəcucutəxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy

gʷəl

bə=cut–cut=axʷ

tsi ə

waq’waq’

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=DSTR–say=now

PROX:FEM

frog

‘And then Frog always says over and over,’ 42 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 43 xʷiˑ əxʷ gʷəs ʷubil ə tsi acəc waq’waq’ xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= ʷubil

ə

tsi acəc

waq’waq’

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=quiet

PR

UNQ:FEM

frog

‘Frog never keeps quiet.’ 44

ucucut u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

‘She talks on and on.’ 45

u aa aabi u– aa– aab•i PFV–DSTR–cry•child

‘Her baby cries and cries.’ 46 huy gʷəl bəcucutəxʷ huy

gʷəl

bə=cut–cut=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=DSTR–say=now

‘And then she talks some more.’ 47 xʷi əxʷ gʷəbəs ʷubils dxʷ aləxʷ sbi a iləxʷ ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=bə=s= ʷubil=s

dxʷ– al=axʷ

NEG=now

SBJ=ADD=NM=quiet=3PO

CNTRPT–at=now

Martha Williams Lamont

243

s=bi a –il=axʷ

ə

NM=have.too.much–INCH=now

PR

ti ə

təkʷtəkʷəlus

PROX

owl

‘She will not keep quiet until Owl gets fed up.’ 48 huy šuucəxʷ tsi ə cədi tu əgʷas huy

šu –c=axʷ

tsi ə

cədi

tu= əgʷas–s

SCONJ

see–ALTV=now

PROX:FEM

s/he

PAST=wife–3PO

‘He looks at his wife.’ 49

ʷul’əxʷ ucucut ʷul’=axʷ

u–cut–cut

only=now

PFV–DSTR–say

‘She just talks on and on,’ 50 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 51

u uli əxʷ u– ul•i =axʷ PFV–sing•child=now

‘She sings a lullaby to the baby.’ 52

u ə id u– ə id PFV–what

happened

‘What happened?’ 53

u ulud ti ə bəda s baby bi bəda s baby u– ulu–t PFV–sing–ICS

ti ə

bəda –s

baby

bi –bəda –s

baby

PROX

offspring–3PO

baby

ATTN–offspring–3PO

baby

‘She sings to her baby, her little baby.’ 54 huy šudubəxʷ ə ti acəc qaw’qs huyəxʷ … qaw’qs … huy

šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

see–DC–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

qaw'qs huy=axʷ

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

raven

‘Then Raven, well now, she is seen by Raven ...’ 55 šudxʷəxʷ ti ə ... šu –dxʷ=axʷ

ti ə

see–DC=now

PROX

‘He sees her.’

SCONJ=now

244

Owl Lives There

56 šudxʷəxʷ ti ə

əgʷas

šu –dxʷ=axʷ

ti ə

see–DC=now

PROX

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘He sees his wife.’ 57 təkʷtəkʷəlus təkʷtəkʷəlus owl ‘Owl.’ 58 šudxʷəxʷ ti ə

əgʷas

šu –dxʷ=axʷ

ti ə

see–DC=now

PROX

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘He sees his wife.’ 59 huy dᶻalqʷusəxʷ huy dᶻalq•us=axʷ SCONJ

turn•face=now

‘Then he turns his face away.’ 60 huy gʷəl kiisəxʷ dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷup’a cuts dəxʷuha lids ti ə tusbəda əbs əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

kiis=axʷ

dxʷ– al

ti ə

dəxʷ= u–p’a cut=s

SCONJ

SCONJ

stand=now

CNTRPT–at

PROX

ADNM=PFV–try=3PO

dəxʷ= u–ha –i–t=s

ti ə

tu=s=bəda –b=s

ADNM=PFV–good–SS–ICS=3PO

PROX

PAST=NM=offspring–MD=3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘And then she stands up in order to try to tend to the baby they had,’ 61 bi bəda s əlgʷə tusbəda əbs bi –bəda –s

əlgʷə

tu=s=bəda –b=s

ATTN–offspring–3PO

PL

PAST=NM=offspring–MD=3PO

‘Their little baby whom she had borne.’ 62 waw’q’waq’ ti ə bi bəda s wa–w’q’waq’

ti ə

bi –bəda –s

ATTN–frog

PROX

ATTN–offspring–3PO

‘The little baby is a little frog.’

Martha Williams Lamont

245

63 waw’q’waq’ wa–w’q’waq’ ATTN–frog

‘It is a little frog.’ 64 hay u ʷəxʷ təkʷtəkʷəlus hay SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ

təkʷtəkʷəlus

go=now

owl

‘So, Owl goes.’ 65

ədᶻaxʷ ədᶻ=axʷ afraid=now ‘He is afraid.’

66

ubi a iləxʷ u–bi a –il=axʷ PFV–have.too.much–INCH=now

‘He is fed up.’ 67

u ədᶻaxʷ ə ti i u– ədᶻ=axʷ

ə

ti i

PFV–scared=now

PR

DIST

‘He gets scared of him (Little Frog).’ 68 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubil ə tsi ə

əgʷas

xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= ʷubil

ə

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=quiet

PR

tsi ə

əgʷas–s

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘His wife does not keep quiet.’ 69 qəliˑltxʷəxʷ əxʷ ts(i) ad əgʷas qəl–il–txʷ=axʷ

əxʷ

bad–INCH–ECS=now

2SG.SUB

tsi

ad– əgʷas

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–wife

‘ “Make your wife stop!’ 70

u ə id əw’ə

ə ti ə dəxʷcucuts

u– ə id PFV–what.happen

əw’ə

ə

PTCL

PR

‘ “Why is she talking like that?” ’

ti ə

dəx’=cut–cut=s

PROX

ADNM=DSTR–say=3PO

246

Owl Lives There

71 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 72 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswə əq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 73

udᶻakʷi tsi i waq’waq’ u–dᶻakʷ•i tsi i PFV–rock•child

DIST:FEM

waq’waq’ frog

‘Frog rocks the baby.’ 74 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubils xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= ʷubil=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=quiet=3PO

‘She does not keep quiet.’ 75 bəcucutəxʷ bə=cut–cut=axʷ ADD=DSTR–say=now

‘She always talks on and on.’ 76 gʷəl bəcucutəxʷ gʷəl

bə=cut–cut=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=DSTR–say=now

‘And again she talks on and on.’ 77

uha li u–ha l•i PFV–stop.crying•child

‘ “Tend to the baby!” ’ 78 saq’ʷəxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus saq’ʷ=axʷ

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

fly=now

DIST

owl

‘Owl flies off.’ 79

ədᶻaxʷ ədᶻ=axʷ afraid=now ‘He is afraid.’

Martha Williams Lamont

247

80 gʷəl (h)uy saq’ʷəxʷ gʷəl

huy

saq’ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

fly=now

‘And then he flies off.’ 81 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ƛ’ubədᶻalqʷus lil al kʷədi dəxʷəsqəp’s gʷəl ʷul’=axʷ ƛ’u=bə=dᶻalqʷ•us lil al kʷədi SCONJ

only=now

HAB=ADD=turn•face

far at

REM.DMA

dəxʷ= as–qəp’=s ADNM=STAT–alight=3PO

‘And he would just turn his face away over there where he alights.’ 82 gʷəl bəhuy gʷəl bə u ʷəxʷ gʷəl

bə=huyu

gʷəl

bə= u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=made

SCONJ

ADD=go=now

‘And he does it again and he goes on.’ 83 bəlilalqəbəxʷ bə=lilalqəb=axʷ ADD=distance.self=now

‘He goes even farther away.’ 84

əcbidəxʷ tsi ə

əgʷas tsi ə

əc–bi–t=axʷ mind–MAP–ICS=now

əgʷas–s

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘He is afraid of his wife.’ 85 gʷəl əcbidəxʷ ti ə bi bəda s əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ

əc–bi–t=axʷ mind–MAP–ICS=now

ti ə

bi –bəda –s

əlgʷə

PROX

ATTN–offspring–3PO

PL

‘And he is afraid of their little baby.’ 86 huy gʷəl lilcutəxʷ ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus huy

gʷəl

lil–t–sut=axʷ

ti ə

təkʷtəkʷəlus

SCONJ

SCONJ

far–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

owl

‘And then Owl goes far off.’ 87

ədᶻaxʷ ədᶻ=axʷ afraid=now ‘He is afraid.’

248

Owl Lives There

88 hay gʷəl ahəxʷ tsi ə hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

əgʷas

a=axʷ

tsi ə

be.there=now

əgʷas–s

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘And so there is his wife.’ 89 gʷəl cucutəbəxʷ gʷəl

cut–cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And she talks on and on.’ 90 haˑy gʷəl di əxʷ kʷi sə ibəš ə ti ə dukʷibə hay SCONJ

gʷəl

di =axʷ

kʷi

s=lə= ibəš

SCONJ

suddenly=now

REM

NM=PROG=travel

ə PR

dukʷibə Changer ‘And so suddenly Changer is travelling.’ 91

iləxʷ dukʷibə il=axʷ

dukʷibə

arrive=now

Changer

‘Changer arrives.’ 92 gʷəl lək’ʷilitəb əlgʷə

al gʷəluutəb

gʷəl

lə=k’ʷili–t–b

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=peer–ICS–PASS

PL

al at

gʷə=lu–t–b SBJ=heard–ICS–PASS

‘And he peeks at them as he listens to them.’ 93 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

‘And it is said,’ 94

u ə id əw’ə tsi ə waq’waq’ u– ə id PFV–what.happen

əw’ə

tsi ə

waq’waq’

PTCL

PROX:FEM

frog

‘ “What’s the matter with Frog?’ 95

u ə id u– ə id PFV–what.happen

‘ “What’s the matter?’

ti ə PROX

Martha Williams Lamont

96

249

uha li u–ha l•i PFV–stop.crying•child

‘ “She tends to the baby.’ 97 gʷəl tu ʷ xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubils gʷəl

tu ʷ

xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= ʷubil=s

SCONJ

just

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=quiet=3PO

‘ “And (the baby) just doesn’t quiet down.” ’ 98 di əxʷ s cutəbs uha li əxʷəs i ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus s ’istxʷs di =axʷ

s=cut–t–b=s

u=ha l•i =axʷ=as

FOC=now

NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO

IRR=stop.crying•child=now=3SBRD

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

s ’istxʷ–s

DIST

owl

husband–3PO

i CONJ

‘What they have told her is that she and her husband Owl should quiet the baby.’ 99

u ədᶻaxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus u– ədᶻ=axʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus PFV–scared=now

DIST

owl

‘Owl gets scared.’ 100 gʷəl tu u əxʷ tupa əxʷ gʷəl

tu= u =axʷ

tu=pa =axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=go=now

PAST=flee=now

‘He went and he fled.’ 101 tusaq’ʷəxʷ tu=saq’ʷ=axʷ PAST=fly=now

‘He flew off.’ 102 gʷəl di bəda s əlgʷə ti i

u aa aabi

gʷəl

di

bəda –s

əlgʷə

ti i

SCONJ

FOC

offspring–3PO

PL

DIST

‘And the one who cries on and on is their baby.’ 103

u aa aabi u– aa– aab•i PFV–DSTR–cry•child

‘He cries on and on.’

u– aa– aab•i PFV–DSTR–cry•child

250

Owl Lives There

104 gʷəl u uludəxʷ ti ə scucuts gʷəl

u– ulu–t=axʷ PFV–sing–ICS=now

SCONJ

ti ə

s=cut–cut=s

PROX

NM=DSTR–say=3PO

‘And she sings what she is saying.’ 105 xʷiˑ əxʷ gʷəbəs ʷubil ə tsi ə cədi waq’waq’ xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=bə=s= ʷubil

NEG=now

SBJ=ADD=NM=quiet

ə PR

tsi ə

cədi

waq’waq’

PROX:FEM

s/he

frog

‘Frog could not be quiet either.’ 106 təbəwihəxʷ scucuts təbəwih=axʷ

s=cut–cut=s

energetically=now

NM=DSTR–say=3PO

‘She speaks energetically.’ 107 ck’ʷaqidəxʷ ucutcut ck’ʷaqid=axʷ

u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

always=now

‘She is always talking.’ 108 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubils dxʷ al tu s cutəbsəxʷ ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= ʷubil=s

dxʷ– al

tu=s=cut–t–b=s=axʷ

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=quiet=3PO

CNTRPT–at

PAST=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO=now

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

dukʷibə

PROX

s/he

Changer

‘She did not shut up until Changer spoke,’ 109 ƛ’ubəxʷ əd ʷul’əxʷ u i ʷid tsi acəc waq’waq’ dxʷ al t(i )asc’p’ali ƛ’ub=axʷ

əd

well=now

ʷul’=axʷ

1SG.SUB

dxʷ– al

ti

CNTRPT–at

SPEC

only=now

u= i ʷi–t IRR=thrown.at–ICS

tsi acəc

waq’waq’

UNQ:FEM

frog

as–c’p’•ali STAT–stagnant•bundle

‘ “I ought to just toss this Frog into where the water is stagnant.” ’ 110 huy kʷədatəbəxʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə tsi ə huy

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

taken–ICS–PASS=now ə

PR

ti ə

təkʷtəkʷəlus

PROX

owl

ə PR

‘Then Changer grabs Owl’s wife,’

əgʷas ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus

ti ə

dukʷibə

tsi ə

PROX

Changer

PROX:FEM

əgʷas wife

Martha Williams Lamont

111

251

əsbəda əb as–bəda –b STAT–offspring–MD

‘She has a baby,’ 112

əbsbi bəda as–bəs–bi –bəda STAT–PROP–ATTN–offspring

‘She has a little baby.’ 113 gʷəl (h)uy i ʷitəbəxʷ dxʷ al tə a əsc’p’ali gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

i ʷi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now

dxʷ– al

tə

CNTRPT–at

NSPEC

as–c’p’•ali STAT–stagnant•bundle

‘And then he throws her there where the water is stagnant.’ 114

ə ti ul ulal ə ‿ti

ul– ulal

seemingly

DSTR–bulrush

‘It seems there are bulrushes.’ 115 qa əs əqʷ qa many

as– əqʷ STAT–wet

‘It is very wet.’ 116 qʷu ƛ’asc’əp’ ə ti swaq’as qʷu

ƛ’u= as–c’əp’

water

HAB=STAT–stagnant

ə ‿ti seemingly

s=waq’=as NM=frog=3SBRD

‘There is stagnant water, and it seems that there are frogs.’ 117 ti i ti i DIST

əsgʷaldup as–gʷal•dup STAT–capsize•land

‘That overturned place.’ 118

əs ə id gʷəscutəbs as– ə id STAT–what.happen

gʷə=s=cut–t–b=s SBJ=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘What would it be called?’

a be.there

252

119

Owl Lives There

əsc’əp’dup as–c’əp’•dup STAT–stagnant•land

‘It is a swampy place.’ 120

i ʷitəbəxʷ tsi i waq’waq’ dxʷ a i ʷi–t–b=axʷ thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now

tsi i

waq’waq’

dxʷ– a

DIST:FEM

frog

CNTRPT–be.there

‘Frog is thrown there.’ 121

aˑhəxʷ ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ ʷul’=axʷ

a=axʷ

only=now

əxʷ

be.there=now

2SG.SUB

‘ “You are just there now.’ 122

u a kʷi adsucucut al kʷi u ’itəxʷ u aci talbixʷ u= a

kʷi

IRR=be.there

u=ad=s= u–cut–cut

al

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say

REM

u= ’it=axʷ

at

kʷi REM

u= aci talbixʷ

IRR=near=now

IRR=people

‘ “What you are saying over and over will be there when the future people arrive.’ 123

ucucut əxʷ ə ti i u=cut–cut

əxʷ

IRR=DSTR–say

2SG.SUB

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘ “You will be saying that.’ 124 xʷi əxʷ kʷi adsu ʷubil xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

NEG=now

REM

u=ad=s= u– ʷubil IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–be.quiet

‘ “You will not be quiet.’ 125

ucucut əxʷ uƛ’əladi əxʷ ugʷaadgʷadəxʷ u=cut–cut

əxʷ

IRR=DSTR–say

u=ƛ’əladi =axʷ

2SG.SUB

IRR=make.noise=now

u=gʷaadgʷad=axʷ IRR=converse=now

‘ “You will talk on and on making noise when you converse.’ 126 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ kʷi adsucucutəxʷ aci talbixʷ sswələq’

sswələq’ sswələq’

sswələq’ sswələq’

kʷi

croak

croak

croak

REM

croak

croak

’itəxʷ kʷi

Martha Williams Lamont

253

u=ad=s= u–cut–cut=axʷ

’it=axʷ

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=now

near=now

kʷi REM

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “ ‘Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk,’ you will be saying when the people are near.’ 127 gʷəl di adəxʷəsluutəb gʷəl

di

u=ad=dəxʷ= as–lu–t–b

SCONJ

FOC

IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–heard–ICS–PASS

‘ “This is how you will be heard.’ 128

u al əxʷ c’áli kʷi adəxʷ a u= al IRR=at

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

c’áli

kʷi

swamp

REM

u=ad=dəxʷ= a IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there

‘ “You will be in the swamp, which is where you will be.” ’ 129 xʷəbtəbaxʷ

əsq’ʷu

ə ti acəc bibəda s mi man’ səsbəda əbs tsi i

cədi

waq’waq’ as–q’ʷu

xʷəb–t–b=axʷ thrown–ICS–PASS=now

ə

STAT–gathered

PR

ti acəc

bi–bəda –s

UNQ

ATTN–offspring–3PO

mi –man’

s= as–bəda –b=s

tsi i

cədi

waq’waq’

ATTN–small

NM=STAT–offspring–MD=3PO

DIST:FEM

s/he

frog

‘Frog along with her little baby, the little one she had borne, is thrown away.’ 130 huy i ʷitəbəxʷ dxʷ a huy SCONJ

i ʷi–t–b=axʷ

dxʷ– a

thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now

CNTRPT–be.there

‘Then they are tossed there.’ 131 huˑy kʷa

ahəxʷ

huy

kʷa

SCONJ

PTCL

a=axʷ be.there=now

‘Then there they are.’ 132 gʷəl tucucutəxʷ tsi i waq’waq’ gʷəl

tu=cut–cut=axʷ

tsi i

waq’waq’

SCONJ

PAST=DSTR–say=now

DIST:FEM

frog

‘And Frog talked and talked.’

254

Owl Lives There

133 cucutəxʷ gʷəl cucutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ

gʷəl

cut–cut=axʷ

DSTR–say=now

SCONJ

DSTR–say=now

‘She talks on and on, on and on.’ 134 gʷəl ƛ’əladi əxʷ al ti sc’p’ali sa qʷu gʷəl

ƛ’əladi =axʷ

SCONJ

make.noise=now

al ti at

SPEC

sc’p’ali

sa

qʷu

swamp

bad

water

‘And she makes noise in the swamp, in the bad water.’ 135 hay kʷa di sƛ’ubilsəxʷ hay

kʷa

di

s=ƛ’ub–il=s=axʷ

SCONJ

PTCL

FOC

NM=well–INCH=3PO=now

‘And so that one is all right now.’ 136 waq’waq’əxʷ cucutəxʷ waq’waq’=axʷ

cut–cut=axʷ

frog=now

DSTR–say=now

‘Frog talks and talks.’ 137

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uwaq’waq’ ʷul’=axʷ

əxʷ

only=now

u=waq’waq’

2SG.SUB

IRR=frog

‘ “You will just be a frog.’ 138

ucucutəxʷ

əxʷ

al kʷi bək’ʷ ad ti ə

u=cut–cut=axʷ

əxʷ

IRR=DSTR–say=now

as– əqʷ•dup

2SG.SUB swatixʷtəd

STAT–wet•land

land

al at

əs əqʷdup swatixʷtəd ul ulaldup kʷi

bək’ʷ

REM

all

ad where

ti ə PROX

ul– ulal•dup DSTR–bulrush•land

‘ “You will talk and talk everywhere the ground is wet, a bulrush place.’ 139

a kʷi ads a a be.there

kʷi REM

u=ad=s= a IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.there

‘ “There is where you will be.’ 140

usa u=sa IRR=bad

‘ “It will be bad.’

Martha Williams Lamont

141

255

ustit ul’bixʷ əxʷ u=s–tit ul’bixʷ

əxʷ

IRR=NP–small.animal

2SG.SUB

‘ “You will be a little animal.’ 142 xʷi əxʷ kʷi stab adəxʷa xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

stab

NEG=now

REM

what

u=ad=dəxʷ=ha IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=good

‘ “You will be good for nothing.’ 143

ucucutəxʷ əxʷ u=cut–cut=axʷ IRR=DSTR–say=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You will talk on and on.’ 144 dəgʷi adsugʷadgʷad dəgʷi

u=ad=s= u–gʷad–gʷad IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–talk

you

‘ “You are the one who will be speaking all the time.’ 145

xʷi əxʷ gʷə adsu ʷubil i ti ə bi bəda s xʷi =axʷ

gʷə= u=ad=s= u– ʷubil

NEG=now

SBJ=IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–be.quiet

bi –bəda –s ATTN–offspring–3PO

‘ “You and your little baby will never be quiet.” ’ 146 xʷəbtəb xʷəb–t–b thrown–ICS–PASS ‘They are thrown.’ 147 tu iləxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus tu= il=axʷ

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

PAST=arrive=now

DIST

owl

‘Owl arrived.’ 148 tuk’ʷililəxʷ tu=k’ʷil–il=axʷ PAST=DIM.EFF–peer=now

‘He peered about.’

i CONJ

ti ə PROX

256

Owl Lives There

149 xʷi əxʷ tsi i

əgʷas

xʷi =axʷ

tsi i

NEG=now

DIST:FEM

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘His wife is not there.’ 150

ʷul’əxʷ tubə əc tu=bə= ə

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

PAST=ADD=scared

‘He just got scared again.’ 151 gʷəl tubə u ʷ gʷəl

tu=bə= u ʷ

SCONJ

PAST=ADD=go

‘And he went again.’ 152 tusaq’ʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus tu=saq’ʷ

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

PAST=fly

DIST

owl

‘Owl flew off.’ 153 dxʷ aləxʷ tušubtubsexʷ dxʷ– al=axʷ

tu=šubu–txʷ–b=s=axʷ

CNTRPT–at=now

PAST= NOM=disappear–ECS–PASS=3PO=now

‘ “Until he was made to disappear.’ 154 xʷi ƛ’ubəxʷ uhuyəxʷ təkʷtəkʷəlus ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus xʷi

ƛ’ub=axʷ

NEG

well=now

u–huyu=axʷ PFV–made=now

təkʷtəkʷəlus

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

owl

DIST

owl

‘ “No, it is better that he just become an owl, this owl.’ 155 xʷi əxʷ kʷi ubəsəshuys aci talbixʷ xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

NEG=now

REM

u=bə=s= as–huyu–s IRR=ADD=NM=STAT–made–3PO

‘ “He will not be a person any more.’ 156

ʷul’əxʷ utit ul’bixʷ ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u=tit ul’bixʷ IRR=small.animal

‘ “He will be just a little animal.’

aci talbixʷ people

Martha Williams Lamont

157

257

u a kʷi s cut s kʷi s ƛ’əladi s u= a IRR=dark

kʷi

s=cut=s

kʷi

s=ƛ’əladi =s

REM

NM=say=3PO

REM

NM=make.noise=3PO

‘ “It will be night when he talks, when he makes noise.’ 158

əbil’əxʷ ask’ʷədadəxʷ əbil’=axʷ

u= as–k’ʷədad=axʷ

perhaps=now

IRR=STAT–predict.weather=now

‘ “Perhaps he will forecast the weather.’ 159

əbil’əxʷ u əƛ’ kʷi sa il s əbil’=axʷ

u= əƛ’

perhaps=now

IRR=come

kʷi

s=ha –il=s

REM

NM=good–INCH=3PO

‘ “Perhaps good weather will come.’ 160 gʷəl ucucut gʷəl

u=cut–cut

SCONJ

IRR=DSTR–say

‘ “And he will speak and speak,’ 161

ugʷadgʷəd ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus u=gʷad–gʷəd

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

IRR=DSTR–talk

DIST

owl

‘ “Owl will speak.’ 162 di əxʷ usgʷa s usəsyayus di =axʷ

u=s=gʷa =s

FOC=now

u=s= as–yayus

IRR=NM=ones.own=3PO

IRR=NM=STAT–work

‘ “That will be his work.” ’ 163 hay ahəxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus hay

a=axʷ

SCONJ

be.there=now

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

DIST

owl

‘So, there is Owl.’ 164

u i ʷitəb dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷ u ʷs dxʷ al ti ə ti aƛ’ aƛ’ stab əb əbidac u– i ʷi–t–b PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS

ti ə

ti

PROX

SPEC

dxʷ– al

ti ə

dəxʷ= u ʷ=s

dxʷ– al

CNTRPT–at

PROX

ADNM=go=3PO

CNTRPT–at

aƛ’

aƛ’

stab

brush

brush

what

əb– əbid•ac DSTR–Douglas.fir•tree

‘He was tossed into the brush, brush and things, the Douglas-fir.’

258

Owl Lives There

165 hay tu ahəxʷ kʷa tsi ə tu əgʷas hay

tu= a=axʷ

kʷa

tsi ə

tu= əgʷas–s

SCONJ

PAST=be.there=now

PTCL

PROX:FEM

PAST=wife–3PO

‘So there was his former wife.’ 166 huy ƛ’ubiləxʷ ti ə

aci talbixʷ

huy

ƛ’ub–il=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

well–INCH=now

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘Then the people are fine now.’ 167 ƛ’ubildubutəxʷ ƛ’ub–il–dxʷ–but=axʷ well–INCH–DC–REFL=now ‘They managed to better themselves.’ 168 huy uc’adᶻa bitəbəxʷ tsi ə əgʷas ə ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus huy u–c’adᶻa –bi–t–b=axʷ tsi ə SCONJ

PFV–bothered–MAP–ICS–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

əgʷas wife

təkʷtəkʷəlus owl ‘Then they have become sick and tired of the wife of Owl.’ 169 ƛ’al’əxʷ tubas ista ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus ƛ’al’=axʷ

tu=bə= as– ista

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

also=now

PAST=ADD=STAT–be.like

DIST

owl

‘It was the same with Owl.’ 170

uƛ’əladi əxʷ u–ƛ’əladi =axʷ PFV–make.noise=now

‘He makes noise.’ 171

uƛ’əladi əxʷ u–ƛ’əladi =axʷ PFV–make.noise=now

‘He makes noise.’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

172

259

əgʷ əgʷəlub tə wiw’suˑ əgʷ əgʷəlub tə wiw’suˑ2 əgʷ– əgʷəl–b DSTR–leave–PASS

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

əgʷ– əgʷəl–b DSTR–leave–PASS

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

‘ “Children are left behind, Children are left behind.” ’ 173

əscut kʷədi ƛ’usucucuts ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus as–cut STAT–say

kʷədi

ƛ’u=s= u–cut–cut=s

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

REM.DMA

IRR=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

DIST

owl

‘The way Owl always talks there is spoken (like that).’ 174 xʷgʷədgʷatəds al kʷədi di dəxʷəs i ʷitəbsəxʷ xʷ–gʷədgʷatəd–s

al

CTD–converse–3PO

at

kʷədi

di

REM.DMA

other.side

dəxʷ= as– i ʷi–t–b=s=axʷ ADNM=STAT–thrown.at–ICS–PASS=3PO=now

‘That is his language over there where he has been thrown.’ 175 haˑy gʷəl tu ahəxʷ tsi ə cədi hay

gʷəl

tu= a=axʷ

tsi ə

cədi

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=be.there=now

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘So then, there she (Frog) was.’ 176 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 177

al ti i qʷu al at

al ti i

ul ulaldup dxʷ aˑl kʷədi

ti i

qʷu

al

DIST

water at

ti i DIST

u adəxʷ

ul– ulal•dup DSTR–bullrush•land

dxʷ– al

kʷədi

CNTRPT–at

REM.DMA

u= ad=axʷ IRR=where=now

‘It is in the water, in the bulrush places where she will be.’ 178 diˑ tushuy ə ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus dxʷ al tušac’s di

tu=s=huyu

FOC

PAST=NM=made

ə

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus dxʷ– al

tu=šac’=s

PR

DIST

owl

PAST=end=3PO

CNTRPT–at

‘That is what Owl was doing until the end.’

__________ 2

The pronunciation of ɬəgʷɬəgʷələb as ɬəgʷɬəgʷlub is evocative of the hooting of an owl, as is the emphatic lengthening of the final vowel in wiw’su.

260

179

Owl Lives There

ʷul’əxʷ tu ʷil’ tsi ə ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əgʷas

tu= ʷil’

tsi ə

PAST=lost

PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘He simply lost his wife.’ 180 xʷi əxʷ gʷəsəsaydxʷs gʷə ə ids gʷəbə əƛ’txʷas xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ=s

gʷə= ə id=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO

SBJ=what.happen=3PO

gʷə=bə= əƛ’–txʷ=as SBJ=ADD=come–ECS=3SBRD

‘He does not know what to do to bring her back again.’ 181 huy əsc’adᶻəxʷbitəbəxʷ ə ti ə aci talbixʷ əs a lil huy as–c’adᶻəxʷ–bi–t–b=axʷ tsi ə STAT–bothered–MAP–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

ti ə PROX

aci talbixʷ people

PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s

ə

wife–3PO

PR

as– a lil STAT–live

‘Then the people who live there are sick and tired of her.’ 182 hiqəbəxʷ dxʷscucut hiqəb=axʷ

dxʷs–cut–cut

excessively=now

PROC–DSTR–say

‘She is too talkative.’ 183 xʷi əxʷ gʷəsu itut ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ

xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= u– itut

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=PFV–sleep

ə

ti ə

PR

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘The people could not sleep.’ 184 ti ə dəxʷəshuyəxʷ ə tsi ə waq’waq’ ti ə

dəxʷ= as–huyu=axʷ

ə

PROX

ADNM=STAT–made=now

PR

tsi ə

waq’waq’

PROX:FEM

frog

‘This is why Frog is the way she is now.’ 185

ʷul’əxʷ al ta a ʷul’əxʷ only=now

ul ulaldup sa

al ta a at

DIST:UNQ

ul– ulal•dup DSTR–bulrush•land

‘Only in that bad bulrush place.’

sa bad

Martha Williams Lamont

186

261

a ti i ƛ’usuƛ’əladi s ə tsi i waq’waq’ ƛ’usugʷadgʷads al ti ƛ’us alils kʷi dəxʷgʷadgʷads a be.there

ti i

ƛ’u=s= u–ƛ’əladi =s

DIST

HAB=NM=PFV–make.noise=3PO

ə PR

tsi i

waq’waq’

DIST:FEM

frog

ƛ’u=s= u–gʷad–gʷad=s

kʷi

ƛ’u=s= alil=s

HAB=NM=PFV–DSTR–talk=3PO

REM

HAB=NM=get.to.place=3PO

ti

dəxʷ=gʷad–gʷad=s

SPEC

ADNM=DSTR–talk=3PO

al at

‘There are the noises that Frog makes, her chatter when she is in the place where she chatters.’ 187

ucucut ucucut ucucut u=cut–cut

u=cut–cut IRR=DSTR–say

u=cut–cut

IRR=DSTR–say

IRR=DSTR–say

‘She will talk and talk and talk and talk!’ 188

u ʷisid əlgʷə

bək’ʷ

ad

al ti i

aƛ’

ad

əs əqʷdup dəxʷ al ti i

ul al

sa sa dup u= ʷisid IRR=make.noise

əlgʷə

bək’ʷ

PL

all

ad

al ti i

where

at

DIST

as– əqʷ•dup

dəxʷ= al

ti i

ul al

STAT–wet•land

ADNM=at

DIST

bulrush

aƛ’

ad

brush

where

sa –sa •dup DSTR–bad•land

‘They will make noise everywhere, in the brush, where the land is wet, where the bulrushes are in the bad lands.’ 189 diˑ tushuys di

tu=s=huyu=s

FOC

PAST=NM=made=3PO

‘That is the end.’ 190 gʷəl tuhuy ti i syəyəhub dxʷ al

adad ti i waq’waq’

i ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus

s ’istxʷs gʷəl

tu=huyu

SCONJ

PAST=made

waq’waq’ frog

i CONJ

ti i

syəyəhub

dxʷ– al

DIST

legend

CNTRPT–at

adad the.matter.of

ti i

təkʷtəkʷəlus

s ’istxʷ–s

DIST

owl

husband–3PO

ti i DIST

‘That is the end of the traditional story about Frog and Owl, her husband.’

262

Owl Lives There

191 təkʷtəkʷəlus ti ə s ’istxʷs təkʷtəkʷəlus

ti ə

s ’istxʷ–s

owl

PROX

husband–3PO

‘Her husband was Owl.’

Martha Williams Lamont

263

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron as told by Martha Lamont1 1

gʷəyəyəhubəxʷ əd u gʷə=yəyəhub=axʷ SBJ=tell.story=now

əd

u

1SG.SUB

INT

Martha Lamont: ‘Should I tell a traditional story now?’ 2

i yə yəhubəxʷ i INTJ

yəyəhub=axʷ tell.story=now

Levi Lamont: ‘Yes. Tell it.’ 3

əs i ista b ti i sbəq’ʷa

i tsi i

as– i– ista –b

ti i

sbəq’ʷa

DIST

heron

STAT–ATTN–be.like–MD

ʷu ʷəy i

tsi i

ʷu ʷəy

DIST:FEM

CONJ

little.diver

Martha Lamont: ‘Heron and Little Diver are like this.’ 4

əs a lil t s i i as– a lil

ixʷ əgʷas

tsi i

STAT–live

ixʷ– əgʷas–s

DIST:FEM

spouse–wife–3PO

‘His wife lives there.’ 5

əgʷas ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa tsi ə əgʷas

ə

wife

PR

ʷu ʷəy

ti ə

sbəq’ʷa

tsi ə

PROX

heron

PROX:FEM

ʷu ʷəy little.diver

‘The wife of Heron is Little Diver.’ 6

gʷəl ha

əlgʷə

a lil ti i sbəq’ʷa

gʷəl

ha

əlgʷə

SCONJ

good

PL

a lil live

i tsi i

ʷu ʷəy

ti i

sbəq’ʷa

DIST

heron

i CONJ

tsi i DIST:FEM

ʷu ʷəy little.diver

‘And Heron and Little Diver live well together.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 30 June 1966, at Tulalip, WA; transcription and editorial amendments by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006). “Little diver” is the common name for a type of grebe, probably the Pie-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), also known as a “hell-diver.”

264

7

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

u ə idəxʷ kʷi dəxʷ ə

ə tsi ə

u– ə id=axʷ

kʷi

dəxʷ=

REM

ADNM=sick

PFV–what.happen=now

ʷu ʷəy ə

tsi ə

PR

PROX:FEM

ʷu ʷəy little.diver

‘How did Little Diver get sick?’ 8

huy gʷəl u agəqəxʷ tsi ə huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ʷu ʷəy

u– agəq=axʷ PFV–groan=now

tsi ə

ʷu ʷəy

PROX:FEM

little.diver

‘And then Little Diver groans.’ 9

u agəqəxʷ u– agəq=axʷ PFV–groan=now

‘She groans.’ 10 xʷ aˑ xʷ aˑ … diˑ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi ʷədi … əgəgəgəgə … haˑ haˑ xʷ a xʷ a di dᶻə kʷi s ʷi – ʷədi əgəgəgəgə ooh

ooh

FOC

PTCL

REM

ATTN–bullhead

uuugh

ha

ha

ahh

ahh

‘ “Oh, oh, little bullhead must be the ones, ugh, oh, oh!” ’ 11 She was saying she’s pretty sick and she likes to eat some little, little bullhead s ʷi ʷədi 12 cucutəxʷ tsi ə tsi ə stab ʷu ʷəy cut–cut=axʷ

tsi ə

tsi ə

stab

ʷu ʷəy

DSTR–say=now

PROX:FEM

PROX:FEM

what

little.diver

‘This, this ... whatsit ... Little Diver speaks.’ 13 huy cutəbəxʷ

ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa

huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

sbəq’ʷa

PROX

heron

‘Then it is said by Heron,’ 14

uˑ u ə tsi ə d əgʷas u INTJ

u– PFV–sick

tsi ə

d– əgʷas

PROX:FEM

1SG.PO–wife

‘ “Oh, my wife has gotten sick.’ 15 ƛ’ub əd up’a cut uxʷi xʷi ƛ’ub well

əd 1SG.SUB

u=p’a a–t–sut IRR=try–ICS–REFL

‘ “I should try to fish.” ’

u–xʷi xʷi PFV–hunt

Martha Williams Lamont

265

16 qʷibidəxʷ ti ə ǰəsəds ti i sbəq’ʷa qʷibi–t=axʷ

ti ə

ǰəsəd–s

ti i

sbəq’ʷa

prepared–ICS=now

PROX

leg–3PO

DIST

heron

‘He fixes up his legs, this Heron.’ 17 He’s got some kind of ... 18 huy sa adəxʷ ti ə ǰəsəds huy

sa a–t=axʷ

ti ə

ǰəsəd–s

SCONJ

scrape–ICS=now

PROX

leg–3PO

‘Then he scrapes his legs.’ 19 Scrape his legs and scrape it so it wouldn’t make noise 20

al kʷi sət’i ibs al kʷi ilgʷi al kʷi at

ə kʷi ʷəl

s=lə=t’i ib=s

al kʷi

NM=PROG=swim=3PO

REM

at

‘As he waded along the shore of the sea.’ 21

ilgʷi

al kʷi ʷəl

il•gʷi

al

side•waterway

kʷi

at

REM

ʷəl sea

‘The shore of the sea.’ 22 bəsxʷi xʷi əxʷ bəs–s–xʷi xʷi =axʷ PROP–NP–hunt=now

‘He has game now.’ 23 Tide is out. 24

agʷəxʷ ti i šuƛ’ a kʷ=axʷ seaward=now

ti i

šuƛ’

DIST

tide

‘The tide is out now.’ 25 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə sbəq’ʷa huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then Heron goes.’

ti ə

sbəq’ʷa

PROX

heron

REM

il•gʷi side•waterway

ə PR

kʷi REM

ʷəl sea

266

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

26 ƛ’up’a əd ti i ǰəsəds ƛ’u=p’a a–t

ti i

ǰəsəd–s

HAB=try–ICS

DIST

leg–3PO

‘He would try out his legs.’ 27 lə ab abšədəb lə= ab– ab•šəd–b PROG=DSTR–extend•leg–MD

‘He is extending his legs way out.’ 28 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 29

a u xʷ a

u xʷ

be.there

PTCL

‘(The noise) is still there.’ 30 ləsi s ʷicut lə=si –s ʷi–t–sut PROG=ATTN–make.noise–ICS–REFL

‘He is still making noise.’ 31 bə uˑbə bə= ubə ADD=go.inland

‘He goes back up the bank.’ 32 gʷəl bəsaˑ ad ti ə ǰəsəds gʷəl

bə=sa a–t

ti ə

ǰəsəd–s

SCONJ

ADD=scrape–ICS

PROX

leg–3PO

‘And he scrapes his legs again.’ 33 sa ad sa ad sa ad sa a–t

sa a–t

sa a–t

scrape–ICS

scrape–ICS

scrape–ICS

‘He scrapes them, scrapes them, scrapes them.’

Martha Williams Lamont

267

34 huy gʷəl bəhuy dxʷ cutəbid huy

gʷəl

bə=huyu

dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=made

CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS

‘And then he thinks again,’ 35

əsƛ’ubiləxʷ as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now

‘ “They are all right now.” ’ 36 ƛ’ubəhuy gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl bət’iˑ ib ƛ’u=bə=huy

gʷəl

HAB=ADD=SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ go

gʷəl

bə=t’i ib

SCONJ

ADD=swim

‘And then he wades out again.’ 37 lə aˑbabšədəb lə= ab– ab•šəd–b PROG=DSTR–extend•leg–MD

‘He is extending his legs way out.’ 38

aˑb abšəd əb ab– ab•šəd–b DSTR–extend•leg–MD

‘He is extending his legs way out.’ 39

xʷi gʷəsəluutəbs ə ti i s ʷədi xʷi NEG

i ti i p’i p’uay’]2

gʷə=s=lə=lu–t–b=s SBJ=NM=PROG=hear–ICS–PASS=3PO

ə

ti i

s ʷədi

PR

DIST

bullhead

i CONJ

ti i DIST

p’i –p’uay’ ATTN–flounder

‘The bullhead and little flounder cannot hear him.’ 40

əshigʷəxʷ ti ə šuƛ’ as–higʷ=axʷ STAT–big=now

ti ə

šuƛ’

PROX

tide

‘It’s a very low tide now.’

__________ 2

This is Mr. Lamont’s emendation. What is said on tape is bəstabəs sxʷiʔs. gʷəl leluutəb ʔe s ʷədiʔ, stab, p’ip’uay, stab ‘(as if) it were nothing. And he is heard by the bullhead and little flounder.’ As is apparent from the next few lines, however, this time Heron has succeeded in not being heard.

268

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

41 huy dxʷ cutəbəxʷ huy

dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–say–DSD=now

‘Then he thinks,’ 42 ƛ’ubəxʷ kʷəda ti i dǰəsəd ƛ’ub=axʷ

kʷəda

ti i

d–ǰəsəd

well=now

PTCL

DIST

1SG.PO–leg

‘ “Maybe my legs are all right now.” ’ 43 huˑy u ʷəxʷ dxʷ al tə s xʷiˑ xʷi s əxʷ huy

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

SCONJ

dxʷ– al

tə

s=xʷi xʷi =s=axʷ

CNTRPT–at

NSPEC

NM=hunt=3PO=now

‘Then he goes to fish.’ 44

a tsi ə

əgʷas

a

tsi ə

be.there

əgʷas–s

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘There is his wife.’ 45

əs ə

al ti

al al

as–

al

STAT–sick

at

ti

al al

SPEC

house

‘She is sick at home.’ 46 gʷəhaw’ə

ʷul’ u əgʷəldxʷ tsi ə

gʷəhaw’ə

ʷul’

seemingly

only

əgʷas

u– əgʷəl–dxʷ PFV–leave–DC

tsi ə PROX:FEM

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘It seems that he just leaves his wife.’ 47 gʷəl (h)uy u ʷəxʷ ti ə gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

’ət

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə PROX

’ət kingfisher

‘And then Kingfisher goes.’ 48

gʷəl (h)uy qədəbtxʷaxʷ tsi ə

əgʷas ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa tsi ə

ʷu ʷəy Little

Diver gʷəl

huy

qədəb–txʷ=axʷ

tsi ə

SCONJ

SCONJ

fornicate–ECS=now

PROX:FEM

əgʷas wife

ə ti ə PR

PROX

sbəq’ʷa heron

Martha Williams Lamont

tsi ə PROX:FEM

269

ʷu ʷəy

Little

Diver

little.diver

Little

Diver

‘And then he has sex with the wife of Heron, Little Diver.’ 49

qədəbtubəxʷ ə ti ə xʷi ləha qədəb–txʷ–b=axʷ

’ət

ə

fornicate–ECS–PASS=now tə

s=xʷi

NSPEC

NM=NEG

PR

al tə sxʷi

ə ti i cədi

ti ə

xʷi

lə=ha

PROX

NEG

NEGP=good

ə

ti i

cədi

PR

DIST

s/he

’ət

al

kingfisher

at

‘She is fornicated with by this no-good Kingfisher in (Heron’s) absence.’ 50

ahəxʷ tədᶻisəxʷ tsi ə s ušəbabdxʷ ʷu ʷəy a=axʷ tədᶻil–s=axʷ tsi ə be.there=now

lie.in.bed–ALTV=now

PROX:FEM

‘He is there and goes to bed with pathetic Little Diver.’ 51

ahəxʷ əstətabədəs a=axʷ

as–tə–taba–t=as

be.there=now

STAT–RDP–do–ICS=3SBRD

‘He is there doing that.’ 52

huy t’ugʷudəxʷ huy

t’ukʷu–t=axʷ

SCONJ

measure–ICS=now

‘But he calculates it.’ 53

gʷəl (h)uy saxʷəbəxʷ gʷəl

huy

saxʷəb=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

jump=now

‘And then he runs off.’ 54

hay gʷəl bəla hay

gʷəl

bə=la

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=remember

‘So then she remembers again.’ 55

bə u ʷ ti i cədi bə= u ʷ

ti i

cədi

ADD=go

DIST

s/he

‘He (Heron) goes again.’

s ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy

ʷu ʷəy little.diver

270

56

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

ƛ’al’ bucucut tsi ə cədi

ʷu ʷəy

ƛ’al’

bə= u–cut–cut

tsi ə

cədi

ʷu ʷəy

also

ADD=PFV–DSTR–say

PROX:FEM

s/he

little.diver

‘Again Little Diver says,’ 57

u agəgəgə ‘ “Uaagegege.” ’

58

əs ə as– STAT–sick

‘She is sick.’ 59

aˑ di əxʷ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi ʷədi ti ds ə əd a di =axʷ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi – ʷədi INTJ

FOC=now

PTCL

REM

ATTN–bullhead

ti

d=s ə əd

SPEC

1SG.PO=food

‘ “Oh, my food must be little bullheads.’ 60 gəgəgəgə

aˑ

aˑ

aˑ

‘ “Gegegege, xaaa, xaaa, xaaa.” ’ 61 di əxʷ ti i dəxʷəsluutəbs tsi i cədi diver ʷu ʷəy di =axʷ

ti i

dəxʷ= as–lu–t–b=s

tsi i

cədi

diver

FOC=now

DIST

ADNM=STAT–heard–ICS–PASS=3PO

DIST:FEM

s/he

diver

ʷu ʷəy little.diver ‘That is how little divers sound.’ 62 ƛ’ucucutəxʷ al ti ə s ilgʷi ƛ’u=cut–cut=axʷ HAB=DSTR–say=now

al ti ə at

PROX

s ilgʷi shoreline

‘They always talk on the shore.’ 63 ƛ’asluutəb ə ti ə su ululu

ə ti ə bək’ʷ gʷat al kʷi sə a il[s]

ƛ’u= as–lu–t–b

ə

HAB=STAT–heard–ICS–PASS

ti ə

bək’ʷ gʷat

PROX

all

who

ti ə

s= u– ul–ulu ə

PR

PROX

al

kʷi

s=lə= a –il=s

REM

NM=PROG=dark–INCH=3PO

at

NM=PFV–DIM.EFF–travel.by.water

‘They are always heard by everyone paddling about in the evening.’ 64 Some evenings you can hear the diver like that.

PR

Martha Williams Lamont

271

65 diˑ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi ʷədi kʷi ds ə əd di dᶻə kʷi s ʷi– ʷədi kʷi FOC

PTCL

ATTN–bullhead

REM

REM

d=s ə əd 1SG.PO=food

‘ “My food must be little bullheads.’ 66

əgəgəgəgəgə

aˑ

a

‘ “Ugegegege haa ha.” ’ 67 Pretty sick. 68

aˑ ti ə sbəq’ʷa a be.there

ti ə

sbəq’ʷa

PROX

heron

‘There is Heron.’ 69 cick’ʷəxʷ udxʷidawligʷəd dxʷ al tsi i cick’ʷ=axʷ very=now

u–dxʷ idawligʷəd PFV–worry

əgʷas ʷu ʷəy

dxʷ– al

tsi i

əgʷas–s

CNTRPT–at

DIST:FEM

ʷu ʷəy

wife–3PO little.diver

‘He is really worried about his wife, Little Diver.’ 70 bəqʷibid ti i ǰəsəds bə=qʷibi–t

ti i

ǰəsəd–s

ADD=prepared–ICS

DIST

leg–3PO

‘He works on his legs some more.’ 71 bəsa sa ad bə=sa –sa a–t ADD=DSTR–scrape–ICS

‘He scrapes them again and again.’ 72 bətrimtrim ti ə ǰəsəds dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsxʷi s kʷi gʷəsəsi s ʷicuts al ti səgʷəcis ti i s ʷədi stab p’i p’uay’ on the beach li ilgʷi bə=trim–trim

ti ə

ǰəsəd–s

dxʷ– al

kʷi

gʷə=s=xʷi =s

kʷi

ADD=DSTR–trim

PROX

leg–3PO

CNTRPT–at

REM

SBJ=NM=NEG=3PO

REM

gʷə=s=lə=si –s ʷi–t–sut=s

al ti

SBJ=NM=PROG=ATTN–make.noise–ICS–REFL=3PO

s=lə=gʷəcil–s=s NM=PROG=wade–ALTV=3PO

at

SPEC

ti i

s ʷədi

stab

p’i –p’uay’

DIST

bullhead

what

ATTN–flounder

on

the beach

li – il•gʷi

on

the beach

PRLV–side•waterway

272

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

‘He trims his legs again so they won’t make swishing sounds while he wades in shallow water after bullhead, or what ... little flounder along the shore.’ 73 huy bə u ʷəxʷ huy

bə= u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go=now

‘Then he goes again.’ 74 huy t axʷ ləkʷədxʷ ti i stab huy

t =axʷ

lə=kʷəda–dxʷ

ti i

stab

SCONJ

truly=now

PROG=taken–DC

DIST

what

‘Then he is really catching those things.’ 75 ƛ’ubə iltxʷ ƛ’u=bə= il–txʷ HAB=ADD=arrive–ECS

‘He always comes back with them again and again.’ 76 xʷi gʷəbəslək’ʷtəbs ə tsi ə cədi

əs ə ə

xʷi

gʷə=bə=s=lək’ʷ–t–b=s

NEG

SBJ=ADD=NM=eaten–ICS–PASS=3PO

PR

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘They are never eaten by the sick one.’ 77

di i ƛ’ubəsxʷi xʷi ilu

ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa

di –i

ƛ’u=bə=s=xʷi xʷi –ilu

INTNS–FOC

HAB=ADD=NM=hunt–PRPV

ə PR

ti ə

sbəq’ʷa

PROX

heron

‘That is why Heron would keep going out fishing.’ 78 gʷəhaw’ə tu ʷəxʷ ƛ’ulil ilgʷi gʷəhaw’ə

tu ʷ=axʷ

ƛ’u=lil

seemingly

just=now

HAB=far

il•gʷi side•waterway

‘Just as soon as he would go down to the shore.’ 79 gʷəl bə ahəxʷ ti i

’ət

gʷəl

bə= a=axʷ

ti i

SCONJ

ADD=be.there=now

DIST

‘And there would be Kingfisher.’ 80 ƛ’u əƛ’ ti ə

’ət

ƛ’u= əƛ’

ti ə

HAB=come

PROX

’ət kingfisher

‘Kingfisher would come.’

’ət kingfisher

as– STAT–sick

Martha Williams Lamont

81 gʷəl lə is tsi i

273

əgʷas

gʷəl

lə= il–s

tsi i

SCONJ

PROG=arrive–ALTV

DIST:FEM

əgʷas wife

‘And he comes to this wife.’ 82 di əw’ə higʷəxʷ udxʷqədidəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ sbəq’ʷa

ə tsi ə

əgʷas

ʷu ʷəy di

əw’ə

higʷ=axʷ

FOC

PTCL

big=now

sbəq’ʷa

ə

heron

PR

u–dxʷ–qəd–i–t=axʷ PFV–CTD–fornicate–SS–ICS=now

əgʷas–s

ʷu ʷəy

wife–3PO

little.diver

tsi ə PROX:FEM

ti ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

PROX

poor.guy

‘Indeed, he really makes a cuckold of poor Heron with his wife, Little Diver.’ 83 haˑgʷəxʷ ha kʷ=axʷ long.time=now ‘This goes on for a long time.’ 84 gʷəl (h)uy haydubəxʷ ə ti i sbəq’ʷa gʷəl

huy

hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

known–DC–PASS=now

ə

ti i

sbəq’ʷa

PR

DIST

heron

‘And then it is realized by Heron.’ 85

ə ti a kʷi səshuy ə ti i ə ‿ti

a

seemingly

be.there

’ət

kʷi

s= as–huyu

REM

NM=STAT–made

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

’ət kingfisher

‘It seems that it is done there by Kingfisher.’ 86 huy ƛ’aq’ʷadəxʷ huy

ƛ’aq’ʷa–t=axʷ

SCONJ

lie.in.wait–ICS=now

‘Then (Heron) lay in wait for them.’ 87

yə i əxʷcutəbid ə kʷi suhuys yə i because

as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS

‘Because he thinks it is going on.’

ə PR

kʷi

s= u–huyu=s

REM

NM=PFV–made=3PO

274

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

88 catch onəxʷ ti i s ušəbabdxʷ catch.on=axʷ

ti i

s ušəbabdxʷ

catch.on=now

DIST

poor.guy

‘The poor fellow catches on.’ 89 huy

ə ƛ’axʷ

huy

əƛ’=axʷ come=now

SCONJ

‘So he comes.’ 90 xʷi u xʷ kʷi gʷəstab ə ti i dəxʷuxʷi xʷi s xʷi

u xʷ

kʷi

gʷə=stab

ə

ti i

dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi =s

NEG

PTCL

REM

SBJ=what

PR

DIST

ADNM=PFV–hunt=3PO

‘He still does not have anything from his fishing.’ 91 huy ut’uk’ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

u–t’uk’ʷ=axʷ PFV–go.home=now

‘Then he goes home.’ 92 taˑ tə truly ‘It is true!’ 93

a ti i

’ət

a be.there

ti i DIST

’ət kingfisher

‘There is Kingfisher.’ 94 tastədᶻil al tsi i tu= as–tədᶻil

əgʷas

PAST=STAT–lie.in.bed

al at

tsi i DIST:FEM

‘(Kingfisher) was in bed with his wife.’ 95 di i sə ils di –i

s=lə= il=s

INTNS–FOC

NM=PROG=arrive=3PO

‘Just as soon as (Heron) arrived,’

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

96 gʷəl ləgʷədil ti i

275

’ət

gʷəl

lə=gʷəd–il

ti i

SCONJ

PROG=down–INCH

DIST

’ət kingfisher

‘And Kingfisher sits up.’ 97 gʷəl ləsaxʷəb gʷəl

lə=saxʷəb

SCONJ

PROG=jump

‘And he runs.’ 98 kʷədad ti ə sqʷiƛ’əbs kʷəda–t

ti ə

sqʷiƛ’əb–s

taken–ICS

PROX

spear–3PO

‘(Heron) grabs his bottom-fish spear.’ 99

huy gʷəl dxʷcaq’a adidəxʷ put šqla adəbs ə ti i cədi

ə ti i cədi stab …

huy

gʷəl

dxʷ–caq’•a ad–di–t=axʷ

put

s=šq•l•a ad•əb=s

SCONJ

SCONJ

CTD–impaled•side–SS–ICS=now

really

NM=high•arm•MD=3PO

ə

ti i

cədi

ə

ti i

cədi

stab

PR

DIST

s/he

DIST

PR

s/he

what

‘And then (Heron) spears him in the side just as he raises his arms, this guy, this ...’ 100

ə ti i cədi stab ə

ti i

cədi

stab

PR

DIST

s/he

what

‘This guy ...’ 101

’ət ’ət kingfisher Levi Lamont: ‘Kingfisher.’

102

i ’ət i INTJ

’ət kingfisher

Levi Lamont: ‘Yes, Kingfisher.’ 103 gʷəl dxʷcaq’a aditəb ə ti ə cədi sbəq’ʷa gʷəl

dxʷ–caq’•a ad–di–t–b

SCONJ

CTD–impaled•side–SS–ICS–PASS

‘And Heron spears him in the side.’

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

sbəq’ʷa

PROX

s/he

heron

276

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

104 tiləb udxʷcaq’a aditəb dxʷ al ti i xʷ ila ads tiləb

u–dxʷ–caq’•a ad–di–t–b

immediately

PFV–CTD–impaled•side–SS–ICS–PASS

dxʷ– al

ti i

CNTRPT–at

DIST

xʷ– il•a ad–s CTD–side•side–3PO

‘Right then he is speared in the side.’ 105 gʷəl bələpətq ti i scaq’ads gʷəl

bə=lə=pətq

ti i

s=caq’a–t=s

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=skewer

DIST

NM=impaled–ICS=3PO

‘And the spearing goes clear through.’ 106 gʷəl ləxʷəcəd ti i cədi gʷəl

lə=xʷəc–t

ti i

cədi

SCONJ

PROG=removed–ICS

DIST

s/he

‘And he pulls this thing out.’ 107 huy k’ʷ axʷ ti i stuligʷəd tul’ al ti i xʷ ila ad ə ti i huy

k’ʷ =axʷ spill=now

SCONJ

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

’ət

ti i

stuligʷəd

tul’– al

ti i

xʷ– il•a ad–s

DIST

blood

CNTRFG–at

DIST

CTD–side•side–3PO

’ət kingfisher

‘Then the blood pours out from Kingfisher’s sides.’ 108

ahəxʷ ti i

’ət

a=axʷ

ti i

be.there=now

DIST

’ət kingfisher

‘There is Kingfisher.’ 109 ləsq’iƛ’q’iƛ’ ləs–q’iƛ–’q’iƛ’ PROG.STAT–DSTR–wounded

‘He is wounded.’ 110

uˑ di əxʷ ti ə dəxʷəs cilsəxʷ u INTJ

di =axʷ

ti ə

dəxʷ= as– c–il=s=axʷ

FOC=now

PROX

ADNM=STAT–red–INCH=3PO=now

‘Oh, that is why he is red now.’

Martha Williams Lamont

111

əbid ə ti ə

277

al tə ƛ’usaq’ʷ ə ti ə cədi

a–bi–t

ə

be.there–MAP–ICS

PR

ti ə PROX

’ət

al tə at

NSPEC

ƛ’u=s=saq’ʷ

ə

HAB=NM=fly

PR

’ət kingfisher ‘It is right here on him when Kingfisher flies.’ 112

ə ti ƛ’asc il ti ə ə ‿ti seemingly

al ti

ƛ’u= as–c il

ti ə

HAB=STAT–bleed

PROX

al at

ti SPEC

‘It’s just as if he were bleeding right there.’ 113 Red. 114 təš ti i tuscaq’atəbs təš

ti i

tu=s=caq’a–t–b=s

misfortune

DIST

PAST=NM=impaled–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘(On account of) his misfortune having been speared.’ 115 huˑy aləxʷ kʷi bəd ’axʷ huy SCONJ

al=axʷ at=now

kʷi

bə=də ’axʷ

REM

ADD=once

‘Well, (it was) in another time.’ 116 gʷəl (h)uy tukʷədxʷaxʷ ti i cədi gʷəl

huy

tu=kʷəda–dxʷ=axʷ

ti i

cədi

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=taken–DC=now

DIST

s/he

‘And then he caught him.’ 117 hay tugʷəlaldəxʷ hay

tu=gʷəlal–t=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=harmed–ICS=now

‘So he wounded him.’ 118 həla bəxʷ tu ə dxʷaxʷ həla b=axʷ

tu= –dxʷ=axʷ

really=now

PAST=sick–DC=now

‘He really injured him.’

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

278

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

119 gʷəl (h)uy tukʷədadəxʷ tsi i tu əgʷas ʷu ʷəy gʷəl

huy

tu=kʷəda–t

tsi i

tu= əgʷas

ʷu ʷəy

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=taken–ICS

DIST:FEM

PAST=wife

little.diver

‘And then he took his wife, Little Diver.’ 120 tukʷata txʷəxʷ dxʷ al ti ə old tree cedar tree tu=kʷata –txʷ=axʷ

dxʷ– al

ti ə

old

tree

cedar

tree

PAST=climb–ECS=now

CNTRPT–at

PROX

old

tree

cedar

tree

‘He climbed up an old cedar tree with her.’ 121 huy kʷata txʷəxʷ liˑl ti i old tree huy

kʷata –txʷ=axʷ

lil

ti i

old

tree

SCONJ

climb–ECS=now

far

DIST

old

tree

‘Then he climbs far up that old tree with her.’ 122 xʷi əxʷ gʷəstab xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=stab

NEG=now

SBJ=what

‘There is nothing.’ 123 It’s all dried no leaves nothing, old dead cedar tree 124

u ʷtxʷəxʷ dxʷ al kʷədiˑ di i šəq u ʷ–txʷ=axʷ go–ECS=now

dxʷ– al

kʷədi

di i

šq

CNTRPT–at

REM.DMA

yonder

high

‘He takes her way up to the very top.’ 125 gʷəl (h)uy ahədəxʷ tsi i gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

əgʷas ʷu ʷəy

a–t=axʷ

tsi i

be.there–ICS=now

DIST:FEM

əgʷas–s

ʷu ʷəy

wife–3PO

little.diver

‘And then he put his wife, Little Diver, there.’ 126 punishdidəxʷ al ti i šəq punish–di–t=axʷ punish–SS–ICS=now

al ti i at

DIST

šq high

‘He punishes her there up high.’ 127 The highest ... right in the highest place where he can put her on, hang her on 128 She just make her sit down right there so she could stay, she couldn’t get out

Martha Williams Lamont

129 punishdəxʷ tsi i

279

ʷu ʷəy Diver

punish–t=axʷ

tsi i

punish–ICS=now

DIST:FEM

ʷu ʷəy

Diver

little.diver

Diver

‘He punishes Little Diver, Diver.’ 130 And this sbəq’ʷa went 131 Pretty near killed this ušəbabdxʷ ’ət pretty

nearly

killed

this

pretty

nearly

killed

this

ušəbabdxʷ poor.dear

’ət kingfisher

‘And he pretty nearly killed this poor Kingfisher.’ 132 tuləsc’udəxʷ kʷi tusaxʷəbs tu=ləs–c’ud=axʷ

kʷi

tu=s=saxʷəb=s

PAST=PROG.STAT–weak=now

REM

PAST=NM=jump=3PO

‘He had become weak from his running.’ 133 hay ahəxʷ ti i sbəq’ʷa hay

a=axʷ

SCONJ

be.there=now

ti i

sbəq’ʷa

DIST

heron

‘So, there is Heron.’ 134

ʷul’əxʷ əs ə id ti i s a ə cədi tu əgʷas al ti i t’aq’t ʷul’=axʷ only=now

as– ə id STAT–what.happen

tu= əgʷas–s PAST=wife–3PO

al ti i at

DIST

ti i

s= a

DIST

NM=be.there

ə

cədi

PR

s/he

t’aq’t inland

‘Just what happened to his ex-wife at that (place) up from shore?’ 135 haˑ ləb kʷa ha l–b

kʷa

good–MD

PTCL

‘(The weather) is nice.’ 136 ha ləb slə il ha l–b

slə –il

good–MD

daylight–INCH

‘It is a nice day.’

280

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

137 hay gʷəl huy cutəxʷ ti acəc iišəds alalš ə tsi ə gət ʷu ʷəy hay

gʷəl

huy

cut=axʷ

ti acəc

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say=now

UNQ

al–alš

ə

PL–cross.sex.sibling

PR

iišəd–s relatives–3PO

tsi ə

gət

ʷu ʷəy

PROX:FEM

guy

little.diver

‘So then her relatives spoke, the brothers of this gal, Little Diver.’ 138

alalš ti i i

ista b ti acəc ista b …

al–alš–s

ti i i

PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO

ista b

PL–DIST

ti acəc

be.like

UNQ

ista b be.like

‘Those who are like her older brothers, the very ones who are like ...’ 139 stab kʷi sda atəb əlgʷə stab

kʷi

s=da a–t–b=s

əlgʷə

what

REM

NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

‘What are their names?’ 140

ə ayu

3

Levi Lamont: ‘??’ 141 No ti i stab ti i stab divers ... no

ti i

stab

ti i

stab

divers

no

DIST

what

DIST

what

divers

Martha Lamont: ‘No, something, something, divers ...’ 142 stab əw’ə … swuqʷad stab

əw’ə

swuqʷad

what

PTCL

loon

‘What is it? Loon!’ 143

i swuqʷad i əwawq’ əwawq’ i CONJ

swuqʷad loon

i CONJ

əwawq’

əwawq’

Big.Diver

Big.Diver

‘Yes, Loon and Big Diver, Big Diver.’ 144

sə sa li ti i brothers ə tsi ə cədi səsa li

ti i

brothers

ə

two:HMN

DIST

brothers

PR

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘She has two brothers.’

__________ 3

Possibly a variation on s aʔus ‘big river sawbill’.

Martha Williams Lamont

145 di

281

a kʷ

di

a kʷ seaward

FOC

‘They are out on the water.’ 146 ƛ’upədᶻatu əlgʷə a kʷ ti i alalš ƛ’u=pədᶻatu əlgʷə a kʷ HAB=duck.hunt

ti i

seaward

PL

DIST

al–alš–s PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘Her brothers are always duck-hunting out on the water.’ 147 gʷəl upədᶻatu əlgʷə gʷəl u–pədᶻatu SCONJ

əlgʷə

PFV–duck.hunt

PL

‘And they duck-hunt.’ 148 gʷəl ucuuc gʷəl

u–cut–c

SCONJ

PFV–say–ALTV

‘And she speaks to them.’ 149

əsluud əlgʷə ti i s uƛ’əladi s as–lu–t STAT–hear–ICS

al kʷədi t’aq’t

əlgʷə

ti i

s= u–ƛ’əladi =s

PL

DIST

NM=PFV–make.noise=3PO

al kʷədi at

t’aq’t inland ‘They hear that noise from up on shore.’ 150

əbil’əxʷ diˑ ši d alalš kʷ(i )upədᶻatu əbil’=axʷ

di

perhaps=now FOC u–pədᶻatu

4

kʷi

d– al–alš

kʷi

REM

1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling

REM

PFV–duck.hunt

‘♪ “If those be my brothers who are duck hunting. ♪’ 151 gʷəl səsa li əlgʷə hə iˑ gʷəl

səsa li

əlgʷə

hə i

SCONJ

two:HMN

PL

hey

‘♪ “And they be two, oooh.” ♪’

__________ 4

The pronunciation of kʷi as ši is typical of the speech of birds.

REM.DMA

282

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

152 səsa li əlgʷə səsa li

əlgʷə

two:HMN

PL

‘They are two.’ 153

əbil’əxʷ diˑ ši d alalš kʷ(i )upədᶻatu əbil’=axʷ perhaps=now

u–pədᶻatu

di

kʷi

d– al–alš

kʷi

FOC

REM

1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling

REM PFV–duck.hunt

‘♪ “If those be my brothers who are duck hunting. ♪’ 154 gʷəl səsa li əlgʷə hə iˑ gʷəl

səsa li

əlgʷə

hə i

SCONJ

two:HMN

PL

hey

‘♪ “And they be two, oooh.” ♪’ 155 luud əxʷ u ti i lu–t

uƛ’əladi

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

hear–ICS

u

ti i

INT

DIST

u–ƛ’əladi PFV–make.noise

‘ “Do you hear someone making noise?’ 156 ləli

u ts(i) ad alš tsi

ləli

u

different

INT

ucucut

tsi

ad– alš

tsi

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–cross.sex.sibling

SPEC:FEM

u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

‘ “Is the one who is talking someone other than your sister?” ’ 157 huy cutəb ə ti huy

cut–t–b

ə

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

PR

ti SPEC

‘Then it is said by him,’ 158

əsluud əd as–lu–t

əd

STAT–hear–ICS

1SG.SUB

‘ “I hear it.” ’ 159 gʷəl ə ti di ts(i) ad alš tsi ucucut gʷəl SCONJ

ə ‿ti seemingly

di

tsi

ad– alš

tsi

FOC

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–cross.sex.sibling

SPEC:FEM

Martha Williams Lamont

283

u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

‘ “And it seems to be your sister who is talking.’ 160

u ə idəxʷ al tuˑdi šəq ə tə əšab ti ə [s]ucucuts u– ə id=axʷ

al tudi

PFV–what.happen=now

at

šq

DIST.DMA

ə

high

PR

tə NSPEC

as–šab STAT–dry

s= u–cut–cut=s NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘ “What is she doing talking way over there up a dry (cedar tree)?’ 161 xʷu ələ

ə kʷi s alalustubs

xʷu ələ

ə

maybe

PR

kʷi

s= alalus–txʷ–b=s

REM

NM=happen–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘ “I guess something has been done to her.’ 162

ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ xʷu ələ

ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa

u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now

xʷu ələ

ə

ti ə

sbəq’ʷa

maybe

PR

PROX

heron

əp– pay •ac

kʷi

s= a=s

REM

NM=be.there=3PO

‘ “I guess Heron has beaten her.” ’ 163 hay aliləxʷ əlgʷə hay SCONJ

alil=axʷ

əlgʷə

go.ashore=now

PL

‘So, they go ashore.’ 164 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

go=now

PL

‘Then they go.’ 165

ad ə ti ə cədi ad where

ə PR

əp pay ac kʷi s as

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

DSTR–cedar•tree

‘ “Where in these cedars is she?” ’ 166 tiləb ušudxʷ əlgʷə ti i stuligʷəd tiləb immediately

u–šu –dxʷ PFV–see–DC

əlgʷə

ti i

stuligʷəd

PL

DIST

blood

‘Suddenly they see the blood.’

ti ə PROX

284

167

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

əsk’ʷə

al ti i cədi

as–k’ʷə

al ti i

STAT–spill

at

DIST

pay dxʷgʷəd cədi

pay

s/he

cedar

dxʷ–gʷəd CNTRPT–down

‘It is pouring down from the cedar.’ 168

uˑ tudi šəq əw’ə tə s as u INTJ

tudi

šq

əw’ə

tə

s= a=s

DIST.DMA

high

PTCL

NSPEC

NM=be.there=3PO

‘ “Oh, way up high is where she is.’ 169 šəq tsi i s əscaq’abactubs šq

tsi i

s= as–caq’•abac–txʷ–b=s

high

DIST:FEM

NM=STAT–impaled•body–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘ “She who has been impaled is up there.” ’ 170 huy hay cutəxʷ huy

hay

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say=now

‘So then (one of the brothers) says,’ 171 stab kʷi gʷəshuy ə stab

kʷi

gʷə=s=huyu

what

REM

SBJ=NM=made

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “What shall we do?’ 172

əs al kʷi gʷəkʷədxʷ kʷi gʷə u ʷ gʷəkʷata gʷə u ʷ gʷə uq’ʷutəb tul’ al dəxʷ as as– al STAT–how

kʷi

gʷə=kʷəda–dxʷ

REM

SBJ=taken–DC

kʷi

gʷə= u ʷ gʷə=kʷata

gʷə= u ʷ

REM

SBJ=go

SBJ=go

SBJ=climb

gʷə= u–q’ʷu–t–b

tul’– al

dəxʷ= a=s

SBJ=PFV–gathered–ICS–PASS

CNTRFG–at

ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘ “How can (anyone) get her, go, climb up, go, pull her off from where she is?’ 173 gʷəl gʷəxʷit’il dxʷgʷəd dxʷ al ti i

a gʷəkʷədxʷ

gʷəl

gʷə=xʷit’il

dxʷ–gʷəd

dxʷ– al

ti i

SCONJ

SBJ=descend

CNTRPT–down

CNTRPT–at

DIST

a 1PL.COORD

gʷə=kʷəda–dxʷ SBJ=taken–DC

‘ “And get back down from that (tree) and manage to take her?” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

174 ƛ’ub ə xʷu ələ ƛ’ub well

ə

285

uq’ʷu əd kʷi bəkʷ stab tit ul’bixʷ xʷu ələ

1PL.SUB

u–q’ʷu –t

maybe

PFV–gathered–ICS

kʷi

bək’ʷ stab

REM

all

what

tit ul’bixʷ small.animal ‘ “Maybe we should gather all kinds of small animals,’ 175 day’ tsi tsi i bəstab stab tit ul’bixʷ little tit ul’bixʷ day’ uniquely

tsi –tsi i

bə=stab

stab

tit ul’bixʷ

little

ATTN–DIST:FEM

ADD=what

what

small.animal

little

tit ul’bixʷ small.animal ‘ “Only that kind, any type of small animals, little small animals.’ 176 ƛ’ub u tabəd ƛ’ub

u

taba–t

well

INT

do–ICS

‘ “Who can do it?” ’ 177 tiləbəxʷ ucut ti ə dii ’u tiləb=axʷ

u–cut

immediately=now

PFV–say

ti ə

dii ’u

PROX

one:HMN

‘Right away one says,’ 178 xʷi xʷi NEG

ə ti ƛ’al’ ə gʷəbəgʷiid ti i ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd ə ‿ti

ƛ’al’

seemingly

also

ə 1PL.SUB

gʷə=bə=gʷihi–t

ti i

ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd

SBJ=ADD=invite–ICS

DIST

sapsucker

‘ “No, it seems we should also invite Sapsucker.’

5

179 ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd tə ƛ’u uˑ ʷ ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd

tə

ƛ’u= u ʷ

sapsucker

NSPEC

HAB=go

‘ “Sapsucker would be the one to go.’

__________ 5

The word for sapsucker, ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd, can be analyzed as a diminutive/attenuative reduplication of ƛ’iq ‘be sticky’ plus the lexical suffix for foot, -šəd, giving the literal meaning ‘little sticky-foot’, which is the name used for this animal in Hess 1998.

286

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

180 ƛ’udᶻəldᶻəlalap ƛ’u=dᶻəl–dᶻəl•alap HAB=DSTR–turn•leg

‘ “He would go around and around the tree trunk.’ 181 ƛ’ukʷata dxʷšəq ƛ’u=kʷata

dxʷ–šq

HAB=climb

CNTRPT–high

‘ “He would climb up high.’ 182 di

ə gʷəkʷədad ti i

di FOC

ə 1PL.SUB

gʷə=kʷəda–t

ti i

SBJ=taken–ICS

DIST

‘ “He is the one we should get.” ’ 183 gʷəl tə ə tə gʷəl

tə –ə –tə

SCONJ

DSTR–INTNS–truly

‘And it is true.’ 184 hay gʷəl gʷə uq’ʷutəb hay

gʷəl

gʷə= u–q’ʷu–t–b

SCONJ

SCONJ

SBJ=PFV–gathered–ICS–PASS

‘ “And so she could be pulled off.’ 185 gʷəl gʷəxʷit’il dxʷgʷəd gʷəl

gʷə=xʷit’il

dxʷ–gʷəd

SCONJ

SBJ=descend

CNTRPT–down

‘ “And he could drop her down.’ 186 gʷə ad ə kʷi q’ʷas tə dulic’a gʷədəxʷit’ils gʷə= a–t SBJ=be.there–ICS

ə 1PL.SUB

kʷi

q’ʷastədulic’a

gʷə=dəxʷ=xʷit’il=s

REM

blanket

SBJ=ADNM=descend=3PO

‘ “We could put a dog-and-goat-hair-blanket where she will fall.’ 187

udi a əxʷ kʷi qa aci talbixʷ u=di a =axʷ IRR=PROX.DMA=now

kʷi

qa

REM

many

‘ “There will be a lot of people here.’

aci talbixʷ people

Martha Williams Lamont

188

287

asgʷiid ə qa aci talbixʷ u= as–gʷihi–t

ə

IRR=STAT–invite–ICS

qa

1PL.SUB

aci talbixʷ

many

people

‘ “We will invite a lot of people.” ’ 189 huy t axʷ t axʷ ti i qa aci talbixʷ huy

t =axʷ

t =axʷ

ti i

qa

SCONJ

truly=now

truly=now

DIST

many

aci talbixʷ people

‘Then truly, truly there were a lot of people.’ 190

uq’ʷu əd u–q’ʷu –t PFV–gathered–ICS

‘(The brothers) gather them.’ 191

ahəxʷ ə ti gʷədalap ə ti dəxʷ ahəxʷ ə tsi i a=axʷ

ə

be.there=now

PR

ti

gʷəd•alap

ə

SPEC

down•leg

PR

ti

dəxʷ= a=axʷ

SPEC

ADNM=be.there=now

tsi i DIST:FEM

‘They are there at the base (of the tree) where she is.’ 192

adəxʷ kʷi sbəq’ʷa ad=axʷ where=now

kʷi

sbəq’ʷa

REM

heron

‘Where is Heron?’ 193

ʷul’əxʷ əs a əy’il ʷul’=axʷ

as– a– ayil

only=now

STAT–ATTN–hide

‘He is just sort of skulking about.’ 194

əs adᶻil as– ac–il STAT–hidden–INCH

‘He is hiding.’ 195 hay u ʷəxʷ hay SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘So, they go.’

ə PR

288

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

196 gʷiitəb ti ə cədi tit ul’bixʷ gʷihi–t–b

ti ə

cədi

tit ul’bixʷ

invite–ICS–PASS

PROX

s/he

small.animal

‘These small animals are invited.’ 197 ƛ’ukʷata kʷi i kʷələq ƛ’u=kʷata

kʷi

HAB=climb

REM

i –kʷələq PRTV–others

‘Some climb.’ 198 gʷəl ʷul’ halfway gʷəl SCONJ

ʷul’

halfway

only

halfway

‘And only halfway.’ 199 gʷəl ƛ’ubəxʷit’il gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=xʷit’il

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=descend

‘And they fall.’ 200 tugive up əlgʷə tu=give.up

əlgʷə

PAST=give.up

PL

‘They gave up.’ 201

u ʷ ti i stabidup bird u ʷ go

ti i

stabidup

bird

DIST

another.kind

bird

‘Another kind goes, a bird.’ 202 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 203

ʷul’ ƛ’ubəxʷit’il ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=bə=xʷit’il HAB=ADD=descend

‘It just fell too.’

Martha Williams Lamont

289

204 huy u ʷəxʷ kʷsi stab... kʷi sda atəbs... huy

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

SCONJ

kʷsi

stab

kʷi

s=da a–t–b=s

REM:FEM

what

REM

NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘Then something goes ... What is it called?’ 205 ƛ’al’ bətit ul’bixʷ ƛ’al’

bə=tit ul’bixʷ

also

ADD=small.animal

‘It is also a small animal.’ 206 but gʷəl halfway ti ə cədi but

gʷəl

halfway

ti ə

cədi

but

SCONJ

halfway

PROX

s/he

‘But this one (gets just) halfway.’ 207 gʷəl ƛ’al’ bəd ʷal’igʷəd gʷəl

ƛ’al’

bə=dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd

SCONJ

also

ADD=CTD–failed•inside.body

‘And it also gives up.’ 208

u ʷəxʷ ti ə ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd

PROX

sapsucker

‘Now Sapsucker goes.’ 209

iˑ all around al ti ə tree i

all

around

and

all

around

al at

ti ə

tree

PROX

tree

‘Yes, he goes around this tree.’ 210 lədᶻəldᶻəlalap lə=dᶻəl–dᶻəl•alap PROG=DSTR–turn•base

‘He is going around and around the trunk.’ 211 lədᶻəldᶻəlalap lə=dᶻəl–dᶻəl•alap PROG=DSTR–turn•base

‘He is going around and around the trunk.’

290

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

212 huy gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl u ʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ

gʷəl

go

u ʷ gʷəl

SCONJ

go

SCONJ

u ʷ go

‘And then he goes, and goes, and goes.’ 213 hay tu u ʷəxʷ tə huy sgʷa s s əshuys hay SCONJ

tu= u ʷ=axʷ

tə

huy

sgʷa –s

PAST=go=now

NSPEC

SCONJ

one’s.own–3PO

s= as–huyu=s NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘So, he went because that is how he is made.’ 214

iˑs tsi ə cədi s ʷu ʷəy il–s arrive–ALTV

tsi ə

cədi

s ʷu ʷəy

PROX:FEM

s/he

little.diver

‘He gets to Little Diver.’ 215 gʷəl uxʷəcəd tul’ al tsi i dəxʷəscaq’tubs gʷəl

u–xʷəc–t

SCONJ

PFV–removed–ICS

tul’– al

tsi i

CNTRFG–at

DIST:FEM

dəxʷ= as–caq’a–txʷ–b=s ADNM=STAT–impaled–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘And he takes her off from where she is impaled.’ 216 xʷit’iləxʷ dxʷ al tudi cədi sq’ʷas tə dulic’a xʷit’–il=axʷ

dxʷ– al

tudi

cədi

sq’ʷastədulic’a

descend–INCH=now

CNTRPT–at

DIST.DMA

s/he

blanket

‘He drops her way down onto that dog-and-goat-hair-blanket.’ 217 qahəxʷ aci talbixʷ əsq’ʷu qa=axʷ many=now

aci talbixʷ people

as–q’ʷu STAT–gathered

‘There are a lot of people gathered.’ 218 putəxʷ gʷaˑldup tə stuligʷəd al ti i tree al tudi gʷəd put=axʷ

gʷal•dup

tə

stuligʷəd

really=now

capsize•land

NSPEC

blood

al ti i at

DIST

gʷəd down ‘A great deal of blood on that tree gushes all the way down.’

tree tree

al tudi at

DIST.DMA

Martha Williams Lamont

219 hay kʷədub tsi ə

291

ʷu ʷəy

hay

kʷəda–dxʷ–b

tsi ə

SCONJ

taken–DC–PASS

PROX:FEM

ʷu ʷəy little.diver

‘So, Little Diver is rescued.’ 220 kʷədubəxʷ ə ti tubə alalšs i swuqʷad i ti i ə

kʷəda–dxʷ–b=axʷ taken–DC–PASS=now swuqʷad loon

ti

PR

i CONJ

DIST

i

PAST=ADD=PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO

SPEC

ti i

əwawq’

tu=bə= al–alš–s

CONJ

əwawq’ big.diver

‘She was taken by her brothers, Loon and Big Diver.’ 221 hay tu u ʷtubəxʷ ə kʷi tus u ʷtubs tsi ə cədi tasq’iƛ’q’iƛ’ hay

tu= u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=go–ECS–PASS=now

ə PR

kʷi

tu=s= u ʷ–txʷ–b=s

REM

PAST=NM=go–ECS–PASS=3PO

tsi ə

cədi

tu= as–q’iƛ’–q’iƛ’

PROX:FEM

s/he

PAST=STAT–DSTR–wounded

‘So, the wounded one was taken by those who took her.’ 222 hay gʷəl di əxʷ tudəxʷkʷədatəbsəxʷ ti ə cədi hay SCONJ

cədi s/he

’ət ]

gʷəl

di =axʷ

tu=dəxʷ=kʷəda–t–b=s=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

FOC=now

PAST=ADNM=taken–ICS–PASS=3PO=now

PROX

’ət kingfisher

‘So, then, that is how Kingfisher was almost caught.’ 223

uˑ putəxʷ tubəxʷ ə əlal’dəxʷ u INTJ

put=axʷ

tu=bə= as–dxʷ– ə – əl–al’–t=axʷ

really=now

PAST=ADD=STAT–CTD–ATTN–DIM.EFF–chased–ICS=now

‘Oh, he was just a very little short of being caught.’ 224 gʷəl a əlal’ gʷətukʷədubəs tə cədi gʷəl

a əlal’ almost.caught

SCONJ

’ət ]

gʷə=tu=kʷəda–dxʷ–b=as

tə

cədi

SBJ=PAST=taken–DC–PASS=3SBRD

NSPEC

s/he

’ət kingfisher ‘And Kingfisher was almost caught.’

292

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

225 huy ck’ʷaqid a kʷi ƛ’u s pa s huy

ck’ʷaqid

SCONJ

always

a fast

kʷi

ƛ’u=s=pa =s

REM

HAB=NM=flee=3PO

‘Then he always flees quickly.’ 226

ʷul’əxʷ ƛ’ucaq’atəb ʷul’=axʷ

ƛ’u=caq’a–t–b

only=now

HAB=impaled–ICS–PASS

‘He just gets speared.’ 227 gʷəl pətq gʷəl

pətq

SCONJ

skewer

‘And is pierced.’ 228 gʷəl tu ʷ (h)uy tukʷa dubut gʷəl

tu ʷ

huy

tu=kʷa –dxʷ–but

SCONJ

just

SCONJ

PAST=released–DC–REFL

‘But then he got himself free.’ 229

ʷul’əxʷ ləsc iˑl ti əxʷgʷədgiya ads ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ləs–c il

ti

PROG.STAT–bleed

SPEC

‘He is simply bleeding under his arms.’ 230

ʷul’əxʷ ləsc il ʷul’=axʷ

ləs–c il

only=now

PROG.STAT–bleed

‘He is simply bleeding.’ 231 gʷəl uˑ ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u ʷ go

‘And he goes.’ 232 saxʷəb saxʷəb jump ‘He runs.’

as–dxʷ–gʷəd•gi•ya ad–s STAT–CTD–down•axila•arm–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

233

293

ʷal’bitəb ti s ’ət ʷal’–bi–t–b fail.to.control–MAP–ICS–PASS

ti

s ’ət

SPEC

kingfisher

‘Kingfisher is not caught.’ 234 hay di əxʷ tudə ʷul’səxʷ hay

di =axʷ

tu=dəxʷ= ʷul’=s=axʷ

SCONJ

FOC=now

PAST=ADNM=only=3PO=now

‘So, that was that.’ 235 tukʷa təbəxʷ tu=kʷa –t–b=axʷ PAST=released–ICS–PASS=now

‘They let him go.’ 236 gʷəl bə u ʷəxʷ gʷəl

bə= u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go=now

‘And they go again.’ 237 šuucəbəxʷ ə ti ə

alalšs i ti aci talbixʷ tsi ə cədi

šu –c–b=axʷ

ə

see–ALTV–PASS=now aci talbixʷ people

PR

ti ə PROX

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

al–alš–s

i

PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO

CONJ

ti SPEC

‘She is seen by her brothers and the people.’ 238 tugʷəlaltəb dxʷ al tudəxʷukʷaxʷdubuts tu=gʷəlal–t–b

dxʷ– al

tu=dəxʷ= u–kʷaxʷ–dxʷ–but=s

PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS

CNTRPT–at

PAST=ADNM=PFV–help–DC–REFL=3PO

‘She had been beaten up because she had helped herself.’ 239

əs aləxʷ kʷi tushuyutəbs as– al=axʷ STAT–how=now

kʷi

tu=s=huyu–t–b=s

REM

PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘What was done to her?’ 240 tuba atəbəxʷ xʷu ələ

ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ

tu=ba a–t–b=axʷ

xʷu ələ

ə

PAST=shaman.cure–ICS–PASS=now

maybe

PR

‘Perhaps the people treated her by shaman curing.’

ti ə PROX

aci talbixʷ people

294

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

241 gʷəl tuƛ’ub il dubut tsi acəc cədi s ušəbabdxʷ ʷu ʷəy gʷəl SCONJ

tu=ƛ’ub–il–dxʷ–but

tsi acəc

cədi

s ušəbabdxʷ

PAST=well–INCH–DC–REFL

UNQ:FEM

s/he

poor.guy

ʷu ʷəy little.diver ‘And poor Little Diver managed to make herself well.’ 242

uqədbid ti ə s ’ət ti ə dəxʷgʷəlaltəbs ə ti ə s ’istxʷs sbəq’ʷa u–qəd–bi–t PFV–fornicate–MAP–ICS

ti ə

s ’ət

PROX

kingfisher

dəxʷ=gʷəlal–t–b–s

ə

ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS–3PO

PR

ti ə PROX

ti ə

s ’istxʷ–s

sbəq’ʷa

PROX

husband–3PO

heron

‘She has committed adultery with Kingfisher, which is why she was beaten by her husband, Heron.’ 243 ha

ti i ƛ’usəšuucəb ə ti i s ’istxʷs sbəq’ʷa

ha

ti i

ƛ’u=s= as–šu –c–b

good

DIST

HAB=NM=STAT–see–ALTV–PASS

ə

ti i

s ’istxʷ–s

PR

DIST

husband–3PO

sbəq’ʷa heron ‘Her husband, Heron, would look after her well.’ 244 ƛ’u ə idil ƛ’u= ə id–il HAB=what.happen–INCH

‘It would be every now and then.’ 245 gʷəl lək’ʷit’ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ gʷəl

lə=k’ʷit’

ti ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

SCONJ

PROG=shoreward

PROX

poor.guy

‘That poor guy is going down to the water’s edge.’ 246 gʷəl ləsa ad ti ə ǰəsǰəsəds gʷəl

lə=sa a–t

ti ə

ǰəs–ǰəsəd–s

SCONJ

PROG=scrape–ICS

PROX

DSTR–leg–3PO

‘And he is scraping his legs.’ 247 ləqʷibid lə=qʷibi–t PROG=prepared–ICS

‘He is fixing them.’

Martha Williams Lamont

295

248 hay gʷəl uxʷi xʷi əxʷ ə kʷi stab hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u=xʷi xʷi =axʷ

ə

IRR=hunt=now

PR

kʷi

stab

REM

what

‘So he will fish for something.’ 249 di us ilyids tsi ə di

əgʷas tsi ə

u=s= il–yi–t=s IRR=NM=arrive–DAT–ICS=3PO

FOC

əgʷas–s

PROX:FEM

wife–3PO

‘That is what he will bring for his wife.’ 250 gʷəl əxʷcutəbitəb ə ti i səs ə s gʷəl

as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t–b

SCONJ

STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS

ə

ti i

s= as– =s

PR

DIST

NM=STAT–sick=3PO

‘And he thinks that she is sick.’ 251 yə i əscut ti i sucucuts yə i because

as–cut

ti i

s= u–cut–cut=s

STAT–say

DIST

NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘Because she says she is.’ 252 gʷəhaw’ə əxʷ tu ʷ qahigʷəds ti i dəxʷucucuts gʷəhaw’ə =axʷ

tu ʷ

s=qa•igʷəd=s

ti i

seemingly=now

just

NM=many•inside.body=3PO

DIST

dəxʷ= u–cut–cut=s ADNM=PFV–DSTR–speak=3PO

‘Apparently, she is just being deceitful, which is why she is saying it.’ 253

uqədəb əw’ə ə ti ə cədi s ’ət ti ə tusuhuy ə tsi ə u–qəd–b PFV–fornicate–MD

əw’ə

ə

PTCL

PR

tu=s= u–huyu

ə

PAST=NM=PFV–made

PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

tsi ə PROX:FEM

ʷu ʷəy

s ’ət

ti ə

kingfisher

PROX

ʷu ʷəy little.diver

‘She has sex with Kingfisher, that is what Little Diver did.’ 254 cick’ʷ sa ti ə tusuhuy ə tsi ə

ʷu ʷəy ti ə sbəq’ʷa s ušəbadəxʷ

cick’ʷ sa

ti ə

tu=s= u–huyu

very

PROX

PAST=NM=PFV–made

bad sbəq’ʷa

s ušəbadəxʷ

heron

poor.guy

ə PR

tsi ə PROX:FEM

‘It is very bad what Little Diver did to Heron, poor guy.’

ʷu ʷəy little.diver

ti ə PROX

296

Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron

255 gʷəl tuha

əšuucəb ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa

gʷəl

tu=ha

SCONJ

PAST=good

as–šu –c–b

ə

STAT–see–ALTV–PASS

PR

ti ə

sbəq’ʷa

PROX

heron

‘And Heron looked after her well.’ 256 And she done worse 257 gʷəl tuhuyud ti ə sa gʷəl

tu=huyu–t

ti ə

sa

SCONJ

PAST=made–ICS

PROX

bad

‘And she had done something bad.’ 258 hay qədbaxʷ ə ti ə sdukʷ s ’ət hay

qəd–b=axʷ

SCONJ

fornicate–CSMD=now

ə PR

ti ə

s–dukʷu

s ’ət

PROX

NP–abnormal

kingfisher

‘So, she had sex with this low-life Kingfisher.’ 259 di tu ʷul’ tubə a di

tu= ʷul’

tu=bə= a

FOC

PAST=only

PAST=ADD=arrive.there

‘It was he who just kept arriving there.’ 260 gʷəl tuhuy ti i tusuhuys əlgʷə tusuqədəbs ə ti ʷul’ gʷəl

tu=huyu

ti i

tu=s= u–huyu=s

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PAST=made

DIST

PAST=NM=PFV–made=3PO

PL

tu=s= u–qəd–b=s

ə ‿ti

PAST=NM=PFV–fornicate–CSMD=3PO

ʷul’

seemingly

only

‘And they did what they did having illicit sex just so.’ 261 yə i xʷi kʷ(i) tušac’ ə ti ə story yə i

xʷi

kʷi

tu=šac’

because

NEG

REM

PAST=end

‘Because this story does not end.’ 262

ʷul’ əs ista ʷul’ only

as– ista STAT–be.like

‘That’s just how it is.’

ə PR

ti ə

story

PROX

story

Martha Williams Lamont

297

Crow Is Sick (First Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1

əs istab tsi i k’a k’a as– ista –b STAT–be.like–MD

i ti i

alš qaw’qs

tsi i

k’a k’a

DIST:FEM

crow

i

ti i

CONJ

DIST

alš

qaw’qs

cross.sex.sibling

raven

‘Crow and her brother Raven are like this.’ 2

huy gʷəl qa ti i s ə əd ə tsi i k’a k’a huy

gʷəl

qa

ti i

s ə əd

SCONJ

SCONJ

many

DIST

food

ə PR

tsi i

k’a k’a

DIST:FEM

crow

‘And then Crow has a lot of food.’ 3

qaˑ ti i s ə əd s u əbs əšab s uladxʷ əšab qa

ti i

s ə əd s u əb–s

many

DIST

food

as–šab STAT–dry

dog.salmon–3PO

s uladxʷ salmon

as–šab STAT–dry

‘She has a lot of food, dried dog salmon, dried salmon.’ 4

hay gʷəl əsxʷ iləxʷ say ti ə qaw’qs alšs hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

as–xʷə il=axʷ STAT–be.worked.up=now

say

ti ə

qaw’qs

upset

PROX

raven

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO ‘And so Raven, her brother, is beside himself.’ 5

əsxʷ iləxʷ say ti ə qaw’qs as–xʷə il=axʷ STAT–be.worked.up=now

say

ti ə

qaw’qs

upset

PROX

raven

‘Raven is beside himself.’ 6

əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷlək’ʷdxʷyids tsi ə as– al STAT–how

alšs ə ti ə

s ə əds

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t=s

tsi ə

REM

SBJ=ADNM=eaten–DC–DAT–ICS=3PO

PROX:FEM

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

ə PR

ti ə

s ə əd–s

PROX

food–3PO

‘How can he eat his sister’s food?’

__________ 1

Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 25), 2 November 1952, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998).

298

7

Crow Is Sick (First Telling)

huy hikʷ əsc’ap’ ti ə qaw’qs huy

hikʷ

SCONJ

big

as–c’ap’ STAT–ill.bred

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Raven is very ill-bred.’ 8

əscəqʷ as–cəqʷ STAT–greedy

‘He is greedy.’ 9

hikʷ dxʷs ə əd hikʷ

dxʷs– ə əd

big

PROC–feed.on

‘He is a glutton.’ 10 hiq’ʷəbyid tsi ə

alšs ə ti i s ə əds

hiq’ʷəb–yi–t

tsi ə

alš–s

covet–DAT–ICS

PROX:FEM

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

ə

ti i

s ə əd–s

PR

DIST

food–3PO

‘He covets his sister’s food.’ 11 gʷəl xʷi əxʷ gʷəsəsaydxʷs əs al əs kʷi udəxʷhuydxʷs kʷi gʷədəxʷləkʷdxʷs ti i s ə əd ə tsi ə gʷəl SCONJ

alš

xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO

u=dəxʷ=huyu–dxʷ=s IRR=ADNM=made–DC=3PO

ə PR

tsi ə

as– al=as

kʷi

STAT–how=3SBRD

gʷə=dəxʷ=ləkʷ–dxʷ=s

ti i

s ə əd

REM

SBJ=ADNM=eaten–DC=3PO

DIST

food

alš–s

PROX:FEM

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘But he does not know how he will do it, how he can eat his sister’s food.’ 12 qa ti i s ə əds qa

ti i

s ə əd–s

many

DIST

food–3PO

REM

kʷi

‘She has a lot of food.’ 13 s u b ti i səscuucəbs ti ə s uladxʷ su b

ti i

s= as–cut–c–b=s

ti ə

s uladxʷ

dog.salmon

DIST

NM=STAT–say–ALTV–PASS=3PO

PROX

salmon

‘What this salmon is said to be is dog salmon.’

Martha Williams Lamont

299

14 huˑy huyudəxʷ ti i s ə dxʷ al kʷi dəxʷ ə

ə tsi ə

alšs

huy

huyu–t=axʷ

ti i

s=

dxʷ– al

kʷi

dəxʷ=

SCONJ

made–ICS=now

DIST

NM=sick

CNTRPT–at

REM

ADNM=sick

ə

tsi ə

PR

alš–s

PROX:FEM

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘Then he makes an illness so that his sister gets sick.’ 15 huy xʷda əb ti ə qaw’qs huy

xʷda əb

ti ə

qaw’qs

SCONJ

shaman

PROX

raven

‘Then Raven is a medicine man.’ 16 huyidəxʷ ə kʷi dəxʷ ə s t s i ə huyu–yi–t=axʷ

ə

made–DAT–ICS=now

PR

alšs

kʷi

dəxʷ= =s

tsi ə

REM

ADNM=sick=3PO

PROX:FEM

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO ‘He makes it for his sister so that she gets sick.’ 17 huy

axʷ t s i ə k’a k’a

huy

=axʷ

SCONJ

sick=now

tsi ə

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

crow

‘Then this Crow is sick.’ 18

axʷ tsi k’a k’a =axʷ sick=now

tsi

k’a k’a

SPEC:FEM

crow

‘Crow is sick.’ 19 gʷəl (h)uy agəqəxʷ gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

agəq=axʷ groan=now

‘And then she groans.’ 20 xʷi əxʷ gʷəsaydxʷs əs al əs kʷi udəxʷəli s xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s=hay–dxʷ=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=known–DC=3PO

as– al=as STAT–how=3SBRD

u=dəxʷ=həli =s IRR=ADNM=alive=3PO

‘She does not know how she is going to recover.’

kʷi REM

300

Crow Is Sick (First Telling)

21 tiˑləxʷ ucutəb ə ti ə

alšs

til=axʷ

u–cut–t–b

immediately=now

ə

PFV–say–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə PROX

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘Right away she is spoken to by her brother,’ 22

a ti i adəxʷhuy əs ista a be.there

ənimulica

ti i

ad=dəxʷ=huyu

DIST

2SG.PO=ADNM=made

as– ista

ənimulica

STAT–be.like

Xenimulitsa

‘ “There is a reason you are this way, Xenimulitsa.” ’ 23 di sda s gʷə di

aci talbixʷ həla b sda s tsi i k’a k’a

s=da a=s

gʷə

NM=named=3PO

FOC

ASSC

tsi i

k’a k’a

DIST:FEM

crow

aci talbixʷ people

həla b

s=da a=s

really

NM=named=3PO

‘That is her Indian name, the real name of Crow.’ 24 xʷi lək’a k’a xʷi

lə=k’a k’a

NEG

NEG=crow

‘It is not k’aʔk’aʔ.’ 25

ənimulica ti i sda s ənimulica

ti i

s=da a=s

Xenimulitsa

DIST

NM=named=3PO

‘Xenimulitsa is her name.’ 26

a ti i adəxʷ ə

ənimulica

a

ti i

ad=dəxʷ=

DIST

2SG.PO=ADNM=sick

be.there

ənimulica Xenimulitsa

‘ “There is a reason you are sick, Xenimulitsa.’ 27 yaw’ əd gʷəba acid yaw’ only.if

əd

gʷə=ba a–t–sid

1SG.SUB

SBJ=cure–ICS–2SG.OBJ

‘ “Only if I perform a shaman cure for you.” ’ 28 cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə

alšs

cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘She is spoken to by her brother.’

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

301

29 cutəxʷ t s i ə k’a k’a cut=axʷ

tsi ə

k’a k’a

say=now

PROX:FEM

crow

‘Crow says,’ 30 ƛ’ub əxʷ u ušəbic ƛ’ub

əxʷ

well

u– ušəb–bi–t–s

2SG.SUB

PFV–pity–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “You should pity me.’ 31 huy əd u ə huy

əd

u–

1SG.SUB

SCONJ

PFV–sick

‘ “Because I am sick.’ 32 ƛ’ub əxʷ ušəbic xʷa ba ac ƛ’ub

əxʷ

well

ušəb–bi–t–s

2SG.SUB

xʷa

pity–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ

2SG.COORD

ba a–t–s cure–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “You should pity me and cure me.” ’ 33 huy ba əxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy

ba =axʷ

ti ə

qaw’qs

SCONJ

cure=now

PROX

raven

‘Then Raven performs the curing-ceremony.’ 34 gʷədiləxʷ gʷəd–il=axʷ down–INCH=now ‘He sits down.’ 35 gʷəl qʷibicutəxʷ gʷəl

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ

SCONJ

prepared–ICS–REFL=now

‘And he prepares himself.’ 36 kʷədad ti ə qʷu dəxʷuc’agʷa i bs ə ti ə sba s kʷəda–t

ti ə

qʷu

dəxʷ= u–c’a kʷ•a i –b=s

taken–ICS

PROX

water

ADNM=PFV–washed•hand–MD=3PO

s=ba =s NM=cure=3PO

‘He takes water to wash his hands for the curing-ceremony.’

ə PR

ti ə PROX

302

Crow Is Sick (First Telling)

37 huy ba adəxʷ t s i ə

alšs

huy

ba a–t=axʷ

tsi ə

SCONJ

cure–ICS=now

PROX:FEM

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘Then he treats his sister.’ 38

iləxʷ ti ə qaw’qs il=axʷ sing=now

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Raven sings.’ 39

ilidəxʷ ti i xʷda əbs ili–t=axʷ sing–ICS=now

ti i

xʷda əb–s

DIST

shaman–3PO

‘That medicine man sings,’ 40

udxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəbab dᶻə tsi ənimulica u–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab PFV–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD

ə kʷi s u uməs t’əlu uməs dᶻə tsi ənimulica PTCL

kʷi

s u b–s

st’əlu b–s

REM

dog.salmon–3PO

king.salmon–3PO

SPEC:FEM

Xenimulitsa

ə PR

‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and dried king salmon. ♪’ 41 hu hu hu hu u hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oho ho ho ho ... ♪’ 42

udxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəbab dᶻə tsi ənimulica u–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab PFV–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD

ə kʷi s u uməs t’əlu uməs dᶻə tsi ənimulica PTCL

kʷi

s u b–s

st’əlu b–s

REM

dog.salmon–3PO

king.salmon–3PO

SPEC:FEM

Xenimulitsa

ə PR

‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and dried king salmon. ♪’ 43

u hu hu hu u huˑ hu u hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oho hoo hoho ho ho ho ...” ♪’

44 huy gʷəl tut’əqʷ ti i qaw’qs huy

tu=t’qʷu

ti i

qaw’qs

SCONJ

PAST=snap.in.two

DIST

raven

‘And then Raven stopped the song.’

Martha Williams Lamont

303

45 gʷəl cuuc gʷəl

cut–c

SCONJ

say–ALTV

‘And he says to her,’ 46

əxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəbəb əxʷ ə ti aci talbixʷ ə t(i) ads ə əd ti ads u b as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab

əxʷ

STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD

ə PR

ə

2SG.SUB PR

ti SPEC

ti

ad=s– ə əd

ti

ad–s u b

SPEC

2SG.PO=food

SPEC

2SG.PO–dog.salmon

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “The people want to eat your food, your dog salmon.’ 47 ti i adəxʷ ə ti i

ad=dəxʷ=

DIST

2SG.PO=ADNM=sick

‘ “That’s why you are sick.’ 48 gʷəl yaw’ əxʷ k’ʷə upigʷəd xʷa uhəli gʷəl

yaw’

SCONJ

only.if

əxʷ

k’ʷə

2SG.SUB

u=pigʷəd

xʷa

IRR=sing.power.song

QTV

2SG.COORD

‘ “And only if you put on a spirit power ceremony will you recover.” ’ 49 huy cutəxʷ tsi ə

ənimulica k’a k’a

huy

cut=axʷ

tsi ə

SCONJ

say=now

PROX:FEM

ənimulica Xenimulitsa

k’a k’a crow

‘Then Xenimulitsa, Crow, says,’ 50 ƛ’ub əd upigʷəd ƛ’ub well

əd

u–pigʷəd

1SG.SUB

PFV–sing.power.song

‘ “I should put on a spirit power ceremony.’ 51 yə i əd huy əxʷəli dubutəb yə i

əd

because

1SG.SUB

huy SCONJ

as–dxʷ–həli –dxʷ–but–ab STAT–CTD–alive–DC–REFL–DSD

‘ “Because I want to make myself well.’ 52 ƛ’ub əd ƛ’ub well

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I should.’

u=həli IRR=alive

304

53

Crow Is Sick (First Telling)

ugʷiid əxʷ kʷi aci talbixʷ u=gʷihi–t

əxʷ

IRR=invite–ICS

kʷi

2SG.SUB

REM

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “You will invite the people.’ 54 gʷəl gʷə əƛ əlgʷə gʷəl

gʷə= əƛ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SBJ=come

PL

‘ “And they can come.” ’ 55 cutəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs cut=axʷ

ti ə

qaw’qs

say=now

PROX

raven

‘Raven says,’ 56 xʷi gʷədsgʷiid əlgʷə xʷi

gʷə=d=s=gʷihi–t

əlgʷə

NEG

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS

PL

‘ “I won’t invite them.’ 57

ʷul’ əd ulə u ʷtxʷ ti ə ʷul’

əd

only

ads ə txʷ ads ild əlgʷə

u=lə= u ʷ–txʷ

ti ə

IRR=PROG=go–ECS

1SG.SUB

PROX

u=ad=s= il–t

u=ad=s= ə –txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.fed–ECS

əlgʷə

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=give.food–ECS

PL

‘ “I will just take what you will feed them, what food you will give them.’ 58

ʷul’ əd uləsaxʷəbtxʷ əd a ulə ahəd əlgʷə tə aci talbixʷ ə ti i s ə əd ʷul’ only

əd

u=lə=saxʷəb–txʷ

1SG.SUB

əda

IRR=PROG=jump–ECS

əlgʷə

tə

PL

NSPEC

aci talbixʷ people

u=lə= a–t

1SG.COORD

ə

ti i

s ə əd

PR

DIST

food

IRR=PROG=be.there–ICS

‘ “I will just run it to them and I will distribute that food to the people.” ’ 59 ƛ’uˑb ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

60 huy pigʷədəxʷ tsi ə

305

ənimulica k’a k’a

huy

pigʷəd=axʷ

tsi ə

SCONJ

sing.power.song=now

PROX:FEM

ənimulica

k’a k’a

Xenimulitsa

crow

‘Then Xenimulitsa, Crow, sings her spirit power song,’ 61 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’aˑ2 xʷi =axʷ

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap

ə

NEG=now

NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

PR

kʷi

k’a k’a

REM

Crow

kʷi

k’a k’a

REM

Crow

kʷi

k’a k’a

REM

Crow

‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’ 62

ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now

dxʷhi idə

kʷi

abundance.of.food

REM

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 63 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’aˑha xʷi =axʷ

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap

ə

NEG=now

NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

PR

‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’ 64

ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now

dxʷhi idə

kʷi

abundance.of.food

REM

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 65 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’aˑha xʷi =axʷ

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap

NEG=now

NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

ə PR

‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’

__________ 2

The second word in the line ɬudidaʔacləp is Crow’s stylized pronunciation of sudidaʔcɬəp ‘you guy’s naming of me’. This is repeated in this form throughout her song and is typical of the speech of birds in many stories; it may also serve to highlight her naïve or childish character (Hess 1998, 58). Note that when the same word is repeated in every second line in phrase-final position, it is also modified to carry the rhythm of the song, as is the word k’aʔk’aʔ ‘Crow’.

306

66

Crow Is Sick (First Telling)

ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now

dxʷhi idə

kʷi

abundance.of.food

REM

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 67

aw aw aˑw aw aw a aw aw aw a a a ‘♪ “Caw, caw, caaw caw caw cahaw caw caw caw ...” ♪’

68 haˑy cut tsi i k’a k’a hay

cut

tsi i

k’a k’a

SCONJ

say

DIST:FEM

crow

‘So, Crow speaks.’ 69 hay paq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə qaw’qs ti ə s ə əd hay

paq’a–t–b=axʷ

ə

SCONJ

distributed–ICS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

raven

food

‘So Raven distributes the food.’ 70 saxʷsaxʷəbtxʷəxʷ ti i s ə əd saxʷ–saxʷəb–txʷ=axʷ

ti i

s ə əd

DSTR–jump–ECS=now

DIST

food

‘He runs and runs with that food.’ 71 bələ u ʷtxʷ ti i də ’axʷ sbə bə=lə= u ʷ–txʷ

ti i

də ’axʷ

s=bə

ADD=PROG=go–ECS

DIST

once

NM=fall

‘He is taking one serving (after another).’ 72

aliləxʷ kʷi cədi al–il=axʷ at–INCH=now

ə s kʷi

cədi

REM

s/he

ə –s mind–3PO

‘Then it comes into his thoughts.’ 73

ʷul’ lə adil gʷəl lələk’ʷəd ʷul’ only

lə= ad–il

gʷəl

lə=lək’ʷ–t

PROG=where–INCH

SCONJ

PROG=eaten–ICS

‘He is just going off somewhere and he is eating it.’

PROX

Martha Williams Lamont

74

307

ʷul’ lə adil gʷəl lələk’ʷəd ʷul’ only

lə= ad–il

gʷəl

lə=lək’ʷ–t

PROG=where–INCH

SCONJ

PROG=eaten–ICS

‘He is just going off somewhere and he is eating it.’ 75

aliləxʷ ti i

ə s ti i spigʷədəxʷ ə tsi ə

al–il=axʷ

ti i

at–INCH=now

ə –s

DIST

tsi ə

mind–3PO

alšs

ti i

s=pigʷəd=axʷ

DIST

NM=sing.power.song=now

ə PR

alš–s

PROX:FEM

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘It comes into his thoughts (during) his sister’s spirit-power ceremony.’ 76 bə u ʷc ti i

i kʷəlq

bə= u ʷ–c

ti i

ADD=go–ALTV

DIST

i –kʷəlq PRTV–others

‘Again he goes after other (servings).’ 77 gʷəl bək’ʷil ti i tus ə əd ə tsi ə k’a k’a gʷəl

bək’ʷ–il

ti i

tu=s ə əd

ə

SCONJ

all–INCH

DIST

PAST=food

PR

tsi ə

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

crow

‘And Crow’s food comes to be all gone.’ 78 gʷa

tu ʷ əxʷslək’ʷdubəb ə ti ə qaw’qs ti ə s ə əd ə tsi ə

alšs ti ə

dəxʷhuyids ə ti ə s ə . gʷa

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–b–ab

ə

STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–PASS–DSD

s ə əd food

ə PR

tsi ə

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

ti ə

PROX

raven

PROX

alš–s

PROX:FEM

ti ə

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

dəxʷ=huyu–yi–t=s NM=made–DAT–ICS=3PO

ə PR

PROX

ti ə

s=

PROX

NM=sick

‘Raven wants to eat his sister’s food so he creates this sickness for her.’ 79 haˑy huy tə spigʷəd ə tsi ənimulica hay

huy

tə

s=pigʷəd

SCONJ

SCONJ

NSPEC

NM=sing.power.song

ə PR

tsi SPEC:FEM

‘So then the spirit power ceremony of Xenimulitsa is completed.’ 80 hay gʷədiˑl hay

gʷəd–il

SCONJ

down–INCH

‘So, she sits up.’

ənimulica Xenimulitsa

308

Crow Is Sick (First Telling)

81 ƛ’ubil ƛ’ub–il well–INCH ‘She has gotten well.’ 82 hay ad ti ə s ə əd hay

ad where

SCONJ

ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

food

‘So, where is the food?’ 83 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘It’s gone.’ 84 haydubəxʷ ə tsi ə ti ə

ənimulica ti i sxʷi s əw’ə gʷəsutə s ə ti i su ə txʷs

aci talbixʷ ə

hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ known–DC–PASS=now

tsi ə

PR

PROX:FEM

əw’ə

gʷə=s= u–tə =s

PTCL

SBJ=NM=PFV–truly=3PO

ti ə

ənimulica

ti i

s=xʷi =s

Xenimulitsa

DIST

NM=NEG=3PO

ə

ti i

s= u– ə –txʷ=s

PR

DIST

NM=PFV–be.fed–ECS=3PO

aci talbixʷ

PROX

people

‘Xenimulitsa finds out that it was not true that he had fed the people.’ 85

ʷul’əxʷ ulək’ʷtəb ə ti ə qaw’qs alš ti ə qaw’qs ʷul’=axʷ

u–lək’ʷ–t–b

only=now

ə

PFV–eaten–ICS–PASS

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Raven, her brother, this Raven, has simply eaten it.’ 86 brothers ti ə qaw’qs ti ə

brother–s

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

brother–3PO

PROX

raven

‘Raven is her brother.’ 87 hay ə əxʷə ə ti ə k’a k’a hay SCONJ

ə əxʷə ə broken.hearted

‘So, Crow is heartbroken.’

ti ə

k’a k’a

PROX

crow

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

309

88 tu ʷ huy uhəli il tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a t s i ə k’a k’a s ušəbabdxʷ tu ʷ huy just

SCONJ

u–həli –il PFV–alive–INCH

k’a k’a

s ušəbabdxʷ

crow

poor.guy

tsi i

s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a

tsi ə

DIST:FEM

poor.guy

PROX:FEM

crow

‘But then Crow recovered anyway, poor Crow.’ 89

alšs ti ə qaw’qs dəxʷtəšs a alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

ti ə

qaw’qs

dəxʷ=təš=s

PROX

raven

ADNM=misfortune=3PO

‘Raven who has caused her misfortune is her brother.’ 90 di shuys di di

s=huyu=s

di

FOC

NM=made=3PO

FOC

‘That is the end, that’s it.’

a be.there

310

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1

əs a lil əlgʷə as– a lil

al ti i dəxʷ as

əlgʷə

STAT–live

al at

PL

ti i

dəxʷ= a=s

DIST

ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘They are dwelling where they are.’ 2

gʷəl əs ə tsi ə k’a k’a gʷəl

as–

SCONJ

STAT–sick

tsi ə

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

crow

‘And Crow is sick.’ 3

hagʷəxʷ tu ə tsi ə k’a k’a ha kʷ=axʷ

tu=

tsi ə

k’a k’a

long.time=now

PAST=sick

PROX:FEM

crow

‘For a long time she was sick.’ 4

xʷi əxʷ sha s xʷi =axʷ

s=ha =s

NEG=now

NM=good=3PO

‘She is not well.’ 5

gʷəl (h)uy ƛ’ub gʷəl

huy

ƛ’ub

SCONJ

SCONJ

well

‘And then (things are) better.’ 6

ʷa ʷaq’ʷbitəbəxʷ ə tsi ə

alšs qaw’qs

ʷa– ʷaq’ʷa–bi–t–b=axʷ ATTN–troubled–MAP–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə PROX

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

qaw’qs raven ‘She is of concern to her brother, Raven.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 February 1968, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998) and in Bierwert 1996.

Martha Williams Lamont

7

ʷa ʷaq’ʷbitəbəxʷ t s i ə

311

alšs dxʷ al kʷi gʷədəxʷəli ils u ə

ʷa– ʷaq’ʷa–bi–t–b=axʷ

tsi ə

ATTN–troubled–MAP–ICS–PASS=now

alš–s

PROX:FEM

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

dxʷ– al

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=həli –il=s

CNTRPT–at

REM

SBJ=ADNM=alive–INCH=3PO

u– PFV–sick

‘He is concerned about his sister, about how he could make her well, she is sick.’ 8

xʷiˑ kʷi gʷə suƛ’ubils xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=s= u–ƛ’ub–il=s

NEG

REM

SBJ=NM=PFV–well–INCH=3PO

‘She doesn’t get well.’ 9

huy gʷəl ʷa ʷaq’ʷəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy

gʷəl

ʷa– ʷaq’ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ATTN–troubled=now

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘And then Raven is concerned.’ 10 cutəbəxʷ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is told,’ 11 ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ uhay’əd ts(i) ad alš ƛ’ub=axʷ

əxʷ

well=now

u–hay’–t

2SG.SUB

PFV–known–ICS

tsi

ad– alš

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–cross.sex.sibling

‘ “You had better pay attention to your sister.’ 12 huy əxʷ huy SCONJ

ə ti əsgʷəhaydxʷ əxʷ 2SG.SUB

ə ‿ti

as–gʷəhay–dxʷ

seemingly

STAT–might.know–DC

‘ “For you seem to know something about it.” ’ 13 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now

PROX

qaw’qs raven

‘Then Raven goes.’ 14 huy cucuucəxʷ huy

cut–cut–c=axʷ

SCONJ

DSTR–say–ALTV=now

‘Then he speaks to Crow about it.’

312

15

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)

u ilid

əd ti acəc adəxʷəshuyutəb adəxʷəs ə

ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ ( )ə di i

adq’ʷu a ad u= ili–t

əd

IRR=sing–ICS

ti acəc

1SG.SUB

ad=dəxʷ= as–huyu–t–b 2SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–made–ICS–PASS

UNQ

ad=dəxʷ= as–

ə

2SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–sick

PR

ti ə

aci talbixʷ

PROX

people

ə

di –i

PR

INTNS–FOC

ad–q’ʷu •a ad 2SG.PO–gather•side ‘ “I’m going to sing about what has happened to you, about how you are sick (because) of these people, your very neighbours.” ’ 16 huy ilyidəxʷ huy

ili–yi–t=axʷ sing–DAT–ICS=now

SCONJ

‘Then he sings for her.’ 17

əxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəməm dᶻə tsə ənimulic’a

ə tə s u əməs t’əlu uməs ᶻ də tsə ənimulic’a

as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD

ə PR

NSPEC:FEM

PTCL

tə

s u b–s

st’əlu b–s

NSPEC

dog.salmon–3PO

king.salmon–3PO

Xenimulitsa

‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and her king salmon. ♪’ 18

u hu hu hu hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh ...” ♪’

19 cucut ti i qaw’qs cut–cut

ti i

qaw’qs

DSTR–say

DIST

raven

‘Raven says,’ 20

əxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəməm dᶻə tsə ənimulic’a as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD

ə tə s u əməs t’əlu uməs dᶻə tsə ənimulic’a PTCL

NSPEC:FEM

tə

s u b–s

st’əlu b–s

NSPEC

dog.salmon–3PO

king.salmon–3PO

Xenimulitsa

‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and her king salmon. ♪’ 21

u hu hu hu hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh ...” ♪’

ə PR

Martha Williams Lamont

22

313

ʷa ʷaq’ʷəxʷ ti i qaw’qs dxʷ al tsi ə

alš əs ə

ʷa– ʷaq’ʷ=axʷ ATTN–troubled=now

ti i

qaw’qs

dxʷ– al

tsi ə

DIST

raven

CNTRPT–at

PROX:FEM

alš–s

as– STAT–sick

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘Raven is concerned about his sister who is sick.’ 23 huy cutəxʷ ti i

aci talbixʷ

huy

cut=axʷ

ti i

SCONJ

say=now

DIST

aci talbixʷ people

‘Then the people say,’ 24

ʷul’ əxʷ ucut ʷul’

əxʷ

only

u–cut

2SG.SUB

PFV–say

‘ “You just say,’ 25 ƛ’ubəxʷ u ilitəb ə tsi i ƛ’ub=axʷ

ənimulic’a kʷi sqəlalituts

u– ili–t–b

well=now

ə

PFV–sing–ICS–PASS

PR

tsi i DIST:FEM

sqəlalituts guardian.spirit ‘ “ ‘Xenimulitsa ought to sing her power song,’ 26 yə i di dəxʷəs ə s haw’ə yə i

di

dəxʷ= as– =s

haw’ə

because

FOC

ADNM=STAT–sick=3PO

PTCL

‘ “ ‘Because that is why she is sick.’ ” ’ 27 huy iləxʷ tsi ə k’a k’a huy SCONJ

il=axʷ sing=now

tsi ə

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

crow

‘Then Crow sings.’ 28 ƛ’ub ʷul’ ələp u abyid ƛ’ub

ʷul’

well

only

ələp 2PL.SUB

u– ab–yi–t PFV–extend–DAT–ICS

‘ “You guys should simply give it to them.’

ənimulic’a Xenimulitsa

kʷi REM

314

29

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)

ugʷiitəb ə ti ə qaw’qs kʷi aci talbixʷ u–gʷihi–t–b

ə

PFV–invite–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs kʷi

PROX

raven

aci talbixʷ people

REM

‘ “The people can be invited by Raven.” ’ 30 gʷəl ƛ’ub u ə əd a al ti ə dəxʷ as əlgʷə gʷəl

ƛ’ub

SCONJ

well

u= ə əd

a

IRR=feed.on

al

be.there

at

ti ə

dəxʷ= a=s

PROX

ADNM=be.there=3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘ “But they should eat there where they are.” ’ 31 huy cutəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy

cut=axʷ

ti ə

qaw’qs

SCONJ

say=now

PROX

raven

‘Then Raven says,’ 32 xʷi gʷədsgʷiid ti i

aci talbixʷ

xʷi

gʷə=d=s=gʷihi–t

ti i

NEG

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS

DIST

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “I would not invite the people.’ 33 ƛ’ub əxʷ ʷul’ uləcilitəb ti ə s ə əd əda ʷul’ uləsaxʷəbtxʷ əd a ulə ilyid ƛ’ub

əxʷ

well

ʷul’

2SG.SUB əda

only ʷul’

1SG.COORD

only

u=lə=cili–t–b IRR=PROG=supported–ICS–PASS

ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

food

əda

u=lə=saxʷəb–txʷ IRR=PROG=jump–ECS

1SG.COORD

u=lə= il–yi–t IRR=PROG=give.food–DAT–ICS

‘ “It is better for you (if) the food is just dished up, and I’ll take it quickly and I will give it to them.’ 34

uləpaq’yid əd tə aci talbixʷ u=lə=paq’a–yi–t IRR=PROG=distributed–DAT–ICS

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I will distribute it to the people.” ’ 35 cutəxʷ t s i i cut=axʷ

tsi i

say=now

DIST:FEM

‘She says,’

tə NSPEC

aci talbixʷ people

Martha Williams Lamont

315

36 bəƛ’ub ahəs xʷu ələ bə=ƛ’ub

a=as

ADD=well

xʷu ələ

be.there=3SBRD

maybe

‘ “It would be okay that way too I guess.” ’ 37 yə i huy əxʷscutəbitəb tə ti ə qaw’qs yə i

huy

because

SCONJ

as–dxʷs–cut–ab–bi–t–b STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS

tə

ti ə

qaw’qs

truly

PROX

raven

‘Because she thinks Raven is truthful.’ 38 hay iləxʷ tsi ə k’a k’a hay

il=axʷ

SCONJ

sing=now

alš d əxʷ ʷa ʷaq’ʷacut[s]

tsi ə

k’a k’a

PROX:FEM

crow

alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO

dəxʷ= ʷa– ʷaq’ʷa–t–sut=s ADNM=ATTN–troubled–ICS–REFL=3PO

‘So, Crow, his sister, sang because she was troubled.’ 39 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’a xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap

NEG=now

REM

NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

k’a k’a Crow ‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’ 40

ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now

dxʷhi idə

kʷi

abundance.of.food

REM

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 41

ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now

dxʷhi idə

kʷi

abundance.of.food

REM

s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 42

aw’ aw’ aˑw’ aw’ aw’ a aw’ aw’ aw’ haˑy ‘♪ “Caw, caw, caaw, caw, caw, cahaw, caw, caw, haay.” ♪’

ə PR

kʷi REM

316

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)

43 cucutəxʷ tsi i k’a k’a cut–cut=axʷ

tsi i

k’a k’a

DSTR–say=now

DIST:FEM

crow

‘Crow sings.’ 44 huy cutəbəxʷ huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then (Raven) is told,’ 45 ƛ’ubəxʷ upaq’atəbəxʷ ti i s ə əd ƛ’ub=axʷ

u–paq’a–t–b=axʷ

well=now

PFV–distributed–ICS–PASS=now

ti i

s ə əd

DIST

food

‘ “The food should be distributed.’ 46 gʷəl paq’adəxʷ gʷəl

paq’a–t=axʷ

SCONJ

distributed–ICS=now

‘ “Distribute it!” ’ 47 cil’cilitəbəxʷ cil’–cili–t–b=axʷ DSTR–supported–ICS–PASS=now

‘It is dished up.’ 48 huy u ʷtubəxʷ kʷi tust’əlu b al ti i huy

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

go–ECS–PASS=now

əscil’cil

kʷi

tu=st’əlu b

REM

PAST=dried.salmon

al ti i at

as–cil’–cil STAT–DSTR–dish.out

‘Then the dried king salmon is taken as it is dished up.’ 49 paq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə di i qaw’qs paq’a–t–b=axʷ distributed–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

di –i

qaw’qs

PROX

INTNS–FOC

raven

‘It is distributed by this very Raven.’ 50

udi di cut dxʷ al ti i s ə əd u–di –di –t–sut PFV–DSTR–FOC–ICS–REFL

dxʷ– al

ti i

s ə əd

CNTRPT–at

DIST

food

‘He wanted to be the one to take charge of the food.’

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

317

51 huy u ʷtxʷəxʷ huy

u ʷ–txʷ=axʷ go–ECS=now

SCONJ

‘Then he takes it.’ 52

ʷul’ ƛ’uləli lil ti ə qaw’qs ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=li –lil only

HAB=PROG=ATTN–far

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Raven always goes just a little way.’ 53 gʷəl ƛ’ulələk’ʷəd ti i s ə əd gʷəl

ƛ’u=lə=lək’ʷ–t

ti i

s ə əd

SCONJ

HAB=PROG=eaten–ICS

DIST

food

‘And he is always eating that food.’ 54

ʷul’ ləli lil ʷul’ only

lə=li –lil PROG=ATTN–far

‘He always goes just a little way.’ 55 gʷəl ƛ’ubələbəlkʷ gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=lə=bəlkʷ

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=PROG=return

‘And he always comes back again.’ 56 gʷəl ƛ’ubələcilyitəb gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=lə=cili–yi–t–b

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=PROG=supported–DAT–ICS–PASS

‘And it is always dished up for them again.’ 57 mədi əxʷ ti də ’agʷtxʷəxʷ kʷi ubəcəxʷ u ʷ bə=di =axʷ

ti

də ’•agʷtxʷ=axʷ

kʷi

ADD=FOC=now

SPEC

one•next.door=now

REM

‘ “There is another house where I must go too.” ’ 58 bə u ʷ bə= u ʷ ADD=go

‘He goes again.’

u=bə=d=dəxʷ= u ʷ IRR=ADD=1SG.PO=ADNM=go

318

59

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)

ʷul’ bələli lil ʷul’

bə=lə=li –lil

only

ADD=PROG=ATTN–far

‘He goes just a little way.’ 60 gʷəl bələlək’ʷəd gʷəl

bə=lə=lək’ʷ–t

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=eaten–ICS

‘And he eats it again as he goes along.’ 61 huy ciˑck’ʷ ( )əsc’ap’ ti ə qaw’qs huy

cick’ʷ

SCONJ

very

as–c’ap’ STAT–ill.bred

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘Then Raven is very ill-bred.’ 62

əscəqʷ as–cəqʷ STAT–rectum

‘He is greedy.’ 63 hikʷ sa hikʷ

sa

big

bad

‘He is very bad.’ 64 hikʷ dxʷs ə əd hikʷ

dxʷs– ə əd

big

PROC–feed.on

‘He is a glutton.’ 65 hay di dəxʷhuyuds ušəbabdxʷ t s i ə hay

di

dəxʷ=huyu–t=s

SCONJ

FOC

ADNM=made–ICS=3PO

alš

ə

cross.sex.sibling

PR

alš ə ti ə su ə adəps ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy

tsi ə PROX:FEM

ti ə

s= u– ə adəp=s

PROX

NM=PFV–give.feast=3PO

‘So, that is how he made his sister poor when she gave a feast.’ 66

ʷul’əxʷ əw’ə lələk’ʷəd ti ə s ə əd cədi ] ʷul’=axʷ

əw’ə

lə=lək’ʷ–t

ti ə

s ə əd

cədi

only=now

PTCL

PROG=eaten–ICS

PROX

food

s/he

‘He is just eating the food, that one.’

Martha Williams Lamont

319

67 xʷi gʷə əs haydubs ə tudi

aci talbixʷ əs a lil ti i suhuy ə ti i qaw’qs

xʷi

gʷə= as–hay–dxʷ–b=s

NEG

SBJ=STAT–known–DC–PASS=3PO

ə

as– a lil

ti i

s= u–huyu

STAT–live

DIST

NM=PFV–made

PR

tudi

aci talbixʷ

DIST.DMA

people

ə

ti i

qaw’qs

PR

DIST

raven

‘The people living over there do not know what Raven has done.’ 68

u ə id tsi ə

ənimulic’a

u– ə id

tsi ə

ənimulic’a

PROX:FEM

PFV–what.happen

Xenimulitsa

‘ “What’s the matter with Xenimulitsa?’ 69

əs al as– al STAT–how

‘ “What’s going on?’ 70

u ə adəp u tsi ə u– ə adəp

ənimulic’a

u

PFV–give.feast

INT

tsi ə PROX:FEM

ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ]

ənimulic’a

ə

Xenimulitsa

PR

ti ə

aci talbixʷ

PROX

people

‘ “Did Crow give a feast for the people?’ 71 xʷi

u

xʷi

u

NEG

INT

‘ “Or not?” ’ 72 gʷaˑ bə ʷul’əxʷ lə ət ʷt əb ə ti ə qaw’qs ti ə s ə əd gʷa INTJ

bə= ʷul’=axʷ

lə= ət ʷ–t–b

ADD=only=now

PROG=gulp.down–ICS–PASS

ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

food

ə PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘But Raven is just gulping down the food.’ 73

əšuucəb ə tsi ə su suq’ʷa as–šu –c–b STAT–see–ALTV–PASS

ə PR

ə tsi ə k’a k’a tsi ə

su –suq’ʷa

PROX:FEM

ATTN–younger.sibling

k’a k’a crow ‘He is seen by his little younger sister, Crow.’

ə PR

tsi ə PROX:FEM

320

74

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)

ʷul’ əw’ə sixʷ lə u ʷ ti ə qaw’qs ʷul’ only

əw’ə

sixʷ

lə= u ʷ

ti ə

qaw’qs

PTCL

PTCL

PROG=go

PROX

raven

‘Raven is just going again.’ 75 gʷəl lələk’ʷəd ti i ləcucilyilikʷ s ə əd gʷəl

lə=lək’ʷ–t

ti i

ləcu–cili–yi–alikʷ

s ə əd

SCONJ

PROG=eaten–ICS

DIST

CONT–supported–DAT–ACT

food

‘And he is eating the food that is being dished up.’ 76

ʷul’ lədi il ʷul’ only

lə=di –il PROG=other.side–INCH

‘He is just going a little way off.’ 77 gʷəl bələlək’ʷəd gʷəl

bə=lə=lək’ʷ–t

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=eaten–ICS

‘And he is eating it up again.’ 78

ʷul’ lədi il ʷul’ only

lə=di –il PROG=other.side–INCH

‘He is just going a little way off.’ 79 gʷəl bələlək’ʷəd gʷəl

bə=lə=lək’ʷ–t

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=eaten–ICS

‘And he is eating it up again.’ 80 xʷi gʷəsutə ə s

ə ti i s ə əd dxʷ al ta a

xʷi

gʷə=s= u–tə ə =s

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–arrive.safely=3PO

ta a

aci talbixʷ

ə

ti i

s ə əd dxʷ– al

PR

DIST

food

CNTRPT–at

aci talbixʷ

DIST:UNQ.DMA

people

‘The food does not arrive safely to those very people.’ 81 huy usa il əw’ə sixʷ ti ə xʷi ləha huy SCONJ

u–sa –il PFV–bad–INCH

qaw’qs əxʷk’ʷəl qs

əw’ə

sixʷ

ti ə

xʷi

lə=ha

qaw’qs

PTCL

PTCL

PROX

NEG

NEGP=good

raven

Martha Williams Lamont

321

as–dxʷ–k’ʷəl •qs STAT–CTD–flared•nose

‘Then this no-good Raven with flared nostrils gets into trouble.’ 82 q’ abactəbəxʷ ti i qaw’qs q’ •abac–t–b=axʷ

ti i

qaw’qs

insult•body–ICS–PASS=now

DIST

raven

‘Raven is insulted about his physical appearance.’ 83 hay di tushuy ə ti ə qaw’qs hay

di

tu=s=huyu

ə

SCONJ

FOC

PAST=NM=made

PR

ti ə

qaw’qs

PROX

raven

‘So, that is what Raven has been doing.’ 84

di tushuyucuts sixʷ al ti acəc tusəs ə

ə tsi ə

di

tu=s=huyu–t–sut=s

sixʷ

FOC

PAST=NM=made–ICS–REFL=3PO

PTCL

tu=s= as–

ə

PAST=NM=STAT–sick

al ti acəc at

tsi ə

PR

alšs UNQ

alš–s

PROX:FEM

cross.sex.sibling–3PO

‘That is what he had set himself up to do while his sister was sick.’ 85

ʷul’əxʷ əy’dxʷ ti tu ə ə ə ti ə ʷul’=axʷ

əy’–dxʷ ti

only=now

find–DC

SPEC

aci talbixʷ

tu= ə ə ə

ti ə

PAST=broken.hearted

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘The broken-hearted people just find out.’ 86

ʷul’ xʷi gʷəs ə əds tugʷiitəb əlgʷə ʷul’ only

xʷi

gʷə=s ə əd–s

tu=gʷihi–t–b

əlgʷə

NEG

SBJ=food–3PO

PAST=invite–ICS–PASS

PL

‘The food is just gone, (although) they had been invited.’ 87

ucut ƛ’ub ʷul’ upaq’ad cədi u–cut

ƛ’ub

ʷul’

PFV–say

well

only

u=paq’a–t

cədi

IRR=distributed–ICS

s/he

‘(She says) that he should distribute it.’ 88

hay ʷul’ ləgʷəšəbad ti i s ə əd tupaq’atəb] hay SCONJ

ʷul’ only

lə=gʷəšəbad

ti i

s ə əd

tu=paq’a–t–b

PROG=disappear

DIST

food

PAST=distributed–ICS–PASS

‘So, the food that was distributed is just disappearing.’

322

Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)

89 hay ʷul’əxʷ uhuyud sa ti i tus ə adəp ə tsi ə hay

ʷul’=axʷ

u–huyu–t

only=now

SCONJ

tsi ə

PFV–made–ICS

ušəbabdxʷ

PROX:FEM

ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a

sa

ti i

tu=s= ə adəp

bad

DIST

PAST=NM=give.feast

ə PR

k’a k’a

poor.dear

crow

‘So, poor Crow’s feast is just ruined.’ 90

ənimulic’a tə sda ənimulic’a Xenimulitsa al at

ə tsi i k’a k’a sda s al ti ə sə ə s

tə

sda

NSPEC

ə

name

PR

tsi i

k’a k’a

s=da a=s

DIST:FEM

crow

NM=named=3PO

ti ə

s= as– =s

PROX

NM=STAT–sick=3PO

‘Xenimulitsa is the name of Crow, her name when she is sick.’ 91 di suhuys ti i dsyəyəhub di

s= u–huyu=s

ti i

d–syəyəhub

FOC

NM=PFV–made=3PO

DIST

1SG.PO–story

‘That is the end of my traditional story.’

Martha Williams Lamont

323

Basket Ogress as told by Martha Lamont1 1

di gʷətusƛ’alqəb tsi i tusxʷəyuq’ʷ di

gʷə=tu=sƛ’alqəb

tsi i

tu=sxʷəyuq’ʷ

FOC

SBJ=PAST=monster

DIST:FEM

PAST=Basket.Ogress

‘The Basket Ogress was a monster.’ 2

gʷətu ahəs ʷul’ tuləgʷəlaltəb ck’ʷaqid gʷə=tu= a=as

ʷul’ tu=lə=gʷəlal–t–b

SBJ=PAST=be.there=3SBRD

only

PAST=PROG=harmed–ICS–PASS

ck’ʷaqid always

‘When she was around, she was always being killed.’ 3

di gʷətudəxʷ atəbəds di

gʷə=tu=dəxʷ= atəbəd=s

FOC

SBJ=PAST=ADNM=die=3PO

‘That was why she died.’ 4

ləxʷi il lə=xʷi –il NEGP=NEG–INCH

‘There are none anymore.’ 5

gʷəl gʷətusa dxʷ al kʷi wiw’su gʷəl

gʷə=tu=sa

dxʷ– al

kʷi

wiw’su

SCONJ

SBJ=PAST=bad

CNTRPT–at

REM

children

‘And it would have been bad for the children.’ 6

di tus ə əds ti i wiw’su di

tu=s ə əd–s

ti i

wiw’su

FOC

PAST=food–3PO

DIST

children

‘Children were what she ate.’ 7

xʷi gʷəsulək’ʷəds kʷi luƛ’luƛ’ xʷi

gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s

kʷi

luƛ’–luƛ’

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO

REM

DSTR–old

‘She doesn’t eat the old people.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 February 1968, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess.

324

8

Basket Ogress

gʷəl ti wiw’su ti i s ə əds gʷəl

ti

wiw’su

ti i

s ə əd–s

SCONJ

SPEC

children

DIST

food–3PO

‘And the children are her food.’ 9

di ha

s ə əds ti i wiw’su

di

ha

s ə əd–s

ti i

wiw’su

FOC

good

food–3PO

DIST

children

‘The children were good for her to eat.’ 10 ƛ’u ukʷukʷ ƛ’u= ukʷukʷ HAB=play

‘They always play.’ 11 tsi i sxʷəyuq’ʷ gʷəl tu ʷ ti i tusxʷəctəbs tsi i

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

gʷəl

tu ʷ ti i

DIST:FEM

Basket.Ogress

SCONJ

just

DIST

tu=s=xʷəc–t–b=s PAST=NM=removed–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘As for the Basket Ogress, she was just wiped out.’ 12 ti i dəxʷəsƛ’uƛ’ubilsəxʷ ti i

dəxʷ= as–ƛ’u–ƛ’ub–il=s=axʷ

DIST

ADNM=STAT–ATTN–well–INCH=3PO=now

‘That is why things are a little bit better now.’ 13 ti i dəxʷi səxʷ ti i

dəxʷ=xʷi =s=axʷ

DIST

ADNM=NEG=3PO=now

‘That is why they don’t exist anymore.’ 14 gʷəl cick’ʷ tusa əxʷ gʷətu ahəs gʷəl

cick’ʷ tu=sa =axʷ

gʷə=tu= a=as

SCONJ

very

SBJ=PAST=be.there=3SBRD

PAST=bad=now

‘And it was very bad when she was around.’ 15

əbil’əxʷ gʷəšudxʷ ti i wiw’su əbil’=axʷ perhaps=now

gʷə=šu –dxʷ

ti i

wiw’su

SBJ=see–DC

DIST

children

‘Perhaps she saw children.’

Martha Williams Lamont

16

325

u ukʷukʷ al ti i

a kʷ al ti sgʷistalb

u– ukʷukʷ

ti i

PFV–play

al at

DIST

a kʷ

al

seaward

at

ti

sgʷistalb

SPEC

sand

‘They played on the beach down by the sand.’ 17 ti i ti dəxʷəsgʷaadils əlgʷə dəxʷu ukʷukʷ ə ti i wiw’su qaha ti i

ti

dəxʷ= as–gʷaad–il=s

əlgʷə

dəxʷ= u– ukʷukʷ

DIST

SPEC

ADNM=STAT–down:PL–INCH=3PO

PL

ADNM=PFV–play

ə

ti i

wiw’su

qah–a

PR

DIST

children

INTNS–many

‘It is there that they sit in the place where many children played.’ 18

u ʷcəxʷ u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now ‘She goes after them.’

19 huy dəgʷdupədəxʷ ə ti i xʷ a ʷa ad huy

dəkʷa•dup–t=axʷ

SCONJ

inside•land–ICS=now

ə

ti i

xʷ a ʷa ad

PR

DIST

clam.basket

‘Then she puts them into a clam basket.’ 20 gʷəl bə ubətxʷəxʷ gʷəl

bə= ubə–txʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go.inland–ECS=now

‘Then she backpacks them.’ 21

əshud up tsi i as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire

tsi i DIST:FEM

‘She starts a fire.’ 22

a tsi i qi qəl’adi bəda s a be.there

tsi i

qi –qəl’adi

bəda –s

DIST:FEM

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

offspring–3PO

‘Qiqeladi, her daughter, is there.’ 23 qi qəl’adi kʷi sda txʷ s qi –qəl’adi

kʷi

s=da a–txʷ=s

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

REM

NM=named–ECS=3PO

‘What she is named is Qiqeladi.’

326

Basket Ogress

24 di ƛ’ust’ə ʷšəd ə ti i stab little tree di

ƛ’u=st’ə ʷšəd

FOC

HAB=roots

ə

ti i

stab

little

tree

PR

DIST

what

little

tree

‘That is (i.e., means) the roots of something, a little tree,’ 25 gʷəl ƛ’udᶻaq’ gʷəl

ƛ’u=dᶻaq’

SCONJ

HAB=fall

‘And it falls over.’ 26 gʷəl ƛ’ashuy qi qəl’adi gʷəl

ƛ’u= as–huyu

qi –qəl’adi

SCONJ

HAB=STAT–made

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

‘And it becomes a little uprooted tree.’ 27 tsi i cədi gʷəl di bəda s tsi i

cədi

gʷəl

di

bəda –s

DIST:FEM

s/he

SCONJ

FOC

offspring–3PO

‘Her, she’s her daughter.’ 28 di bəda

ə tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ

di

bəda

FOC

offspring

ə PR

tsi ə

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘She is the daughter of the Basket Ogress.’ 29 di əxʷ dəxʷəscuucs tsi ə cədi qi qəl’adi di =axʷ

dəxʷ= as–cut–c=s

tsi ə

cədi

FOC=now

ADNM=STAT–say–ALTV=3PO

PROX:FEM

s/he

qi –qəl’adi ATTN–up.rooted.tree

‘That is why she (Basket Ogress) says to Qiqeladi,’ 30

əshud up əxʷ qi qəl’adi as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

qi –qəl’adi ATTN–up.rooted.tree

‘ “You make a fire, Qiqeladi!’ 31 gʷəl əshudtxʷ əxʷ ti i hud xʷa əsq’ʷəlil txʷ gʷəl SCONJ

as–hud–txʷ STAT–burn–ECS

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

ti i

hud

DIST

burn

xʷa 2SG.COORD

Martha Williams Lamont

327

as–q’ʷəl–il–txʷ STAT–cooked–INCH–ECS

‘ “You burn the wood and you make it hot.’ 32

uqʷ’əlsəd ə ti i wiw’su

a ulək’ʷəd

u=q’əls–t

ti i

wiw’su

DIST

children

ə

IRR=steam–ICS

1PL.SUB

a

u=lək’ʷ–t

1PL.COORD

IRR=eaten–ICS

‘ “We will cook the children and we will eat them.” ’ 33 t axʷ əs ista tsi i qi qəl’adi as– ista

t =axʷ truly=now

STAT–be.like

tsi i

qi –qəl’adi

DIST:FEM

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

‘Qiqeladi did just that.’ 34

əsq’əlsaxʷ as–q’əls=axʷ STAT–steamed=now

‘They are steam-cooking.’ 35

əshuytxʷəxʷ ti i hud as–huyu–txʷ=axʷ STAT–made–ECS=now

ti i

hud

DIST

burn

‘The fire is ready.’ 36

a ti i

’ƛ’a dəxʷq’əlsəds ti i qa wiw’su

a be.there

ti i

’ƛ’a

DIST

stone

dəxʷ=q’əls–t=s

ti i

qa

wiw’su

ADNM=steam–ICS=3PO

DIST

many

children

‘The rocks are there where she can cook the many children.’ 37 huy k’ʷit’əxʷ ə ti ə xʷ a ʷa ads huy

k’ʷit’=axʷ

SCONJ

shoreward=now

ə PR

ti ə

xʷ a ʷa ad–s

PROX

clam.basket–3PO

‘Then she goes shoreward with her big clam basket.’ 38 huy dəgʷdupədəxʷ ti i wiw’su al kʷədi

a kʷ

huy

dəkʷa•dup–t=axʷ

ti i

wiw’su

SCONJ

inside•land–ICS=now

DIST

children

al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

a kʷ seaward

‘Then way off on the beach she puts those children in her basket.’ 39 day’əxʷ ti ə kikəwi ti ə ck’ʷaqid ləšəqcut dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷudəgʷads day’=axʷ

ti ə

ki–kəwi

ti ə

ck’ʷaqid

uniquely=now

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

PROX

always

328

Basket Ogress

lə=šq–t–sut

dxʷ– al

ti ə

dəxʷ= u–dəkʷa–t=s

PROG=high–ICS–REFL

CNTRPT–at

PROX

ADNM=PFV–inside–ICS=3PO

‘The one who just gets himself up high where he is put is Little Hunchback.’ 40 gʷəl lə a a tušəq gʷəl

lə= a– a

tu=šq

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–be.there

PAST=high

‘And he was just a little bit high up.’ 41 anyways putəxʷ u atxʷ i šəq ti i kikəwi anyways

put=axʷ

u– a–txʷ

anyways

really=now

i –šq

PFV–be.there–ECS

PRTV–high

ti i

ki–kəwi

DIST

ATTN–hunchback

‘Anyways, Little Hunchback has been put in the high part.’ 42 huy gʷəl

ə ƛ’axʷ

huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

əƛ’=axʷ come=now

‘And then she comes.’ 43

ubətubəxʷ əlgʷ ə ə tsi i sxʷəyuq’ʷ ti ə qa wiw’su sqada s ubə–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

go.inland–ECS–PASS=now

ə PR

PL

tsi i

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

DIST:FEM

Basket.Ogress

ti ə

qa

wiw’su

ti ə

s=qada =s

PROX

many

children

PROX

NM=steal=3PO

‘The many stolen children are taken up from shore by the Basket Ogress.’ 44 huy gʷəl u ʷtxʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS

‘And then she takes them.’ 45 huy šudubəxʷ ə ti acəc kikəwi ti ə huy

šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

see–DC–PASS=now

ə PR

əxʷt’a əb

ti acəc

ki–kəwi

ti ə

UNQ

ATTN–hunchback

PROX

as–dxʷ–t’a –b STAT–CTD–cross.path–MD

‘Then something sticking into the path is seen by Little Hunchback.’

Martha Williams Lamont

329

46 huy kʷədabacəxʷ huy

kʷəd•abac=axʷ

SCONJ

taken•body=now

‘Then he grabs the limb.’ 47 huy u ʷdubutəxʷ huy

u ʷ–dxʷ–but=axʷ go–DC–REFL=now

SCONJ

‘Then he manages to get himself out.’ 48 q’ʷibdubutəxʷ q’ʷibi–dxʷ–but=axʷ disembark–DC–REFL=now ‘He manages to get himself out.’ 49 ƛ’iw’əxʷ tul’ al tsi ə cədi ƛ’iw’=axʷ

tul’– al

tsi ə

cədi

escape=now

CNTRFG–at

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘He escapes from her.’ 50 yə i udᶻəqil u–dᶻəqil

yə i because

PFV–crawl

‘Because she has crawled underneath.’ 51 xʷi ləha

sƛ’alqəb ti

u əba

ə ti i i

xʷi

lə=ha

sƛ’alqəb

ti

NEG

NEGP=good

monster

SPEC

u– əba PFV–backpack

‘The one who packs them is a no-good monster.’ 52

uˑ ʷ ti i kikəwi u ʷ go

ti i

ki–kəwi

DIST

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback goes.’ 53 t’uk’ʷ t’uk’ʷ go.home ‘He goes home.’

ə PR

ti –i i PL–DIST

330

Basket Ogress

54 huy yəcəbaxʷ ə ti ə sqadabitəbs ə tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ sa ti i wiw’su huy

yəc–b=axʷ

SCONJ

report–MD=now PR

ə

ti ə

s=qada–bi–t–b=s

PROX

NM=steal–MAP–ICS–PASS=3PO

tsi ə

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

sa

ti i

wiw’su

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

bad

DIST

children

ə PR

‘Then he tells of the stealing of the children by the bad Basket Ogress.’ 55 huy qʷibicutəxʷ ti i

aci talbixʷ

huy

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ

ti i

aci talbixʷ

SCONJ

prepared–ICS–REFL=now

DIST

people

‘Then the people get ready.’ 56

u ʷəxʷ u ʷ=axʷ go=now ‘(Basket Ogress) goes.’

57 lət’uk’ʷəxʷ lə=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ PROG=go.home=now

‘She is going home.’ 58 huyəxʷ əsq’ʷəlilcəxʷ tudi di i bibəda s tsi qi qəl’adi huy=axʷ SCONJ=now

as–q’ʷəl•ilc–c=axʷ cooked•round–ALTV=now

tudi

di i

DIST.DMA

yonder

bi–bəda –s

tsi

qi –qəl’adi

ATTN–offspring–3PO

SPEC:FEM

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

‘Then her daughter, Qiqeladi, warms stones for (the children).’ 59 qʷibicutəxʷ ti ə

əbsbədbəda

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ

ti ə

prepared–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

as–bəs–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–DSTR–offspring

‘Those who have children prepare themselves.’ 60 huy qʷibid dxʷ al kʷi us ili tubsəxʷ huy

qʷibi–t

dxʷ– al

kʷi

SCONJ

prepared–ICS

CNTRPT–at

REM

u=s= ili –txʷ–b=s=axʷ IRR=NM=battle–ECS–PASS=3PO=now

‘Then they prepare so that war can be made on them.’

Martha Williams Lamont

331

61 tugʷəlaltəbəxʷ tsi i cədi tu=gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ

tsi i

cədi

PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS=now

DIST:FEM

s/he

‘(Basket Ogress) was killed.’ 62

iltxʷəxʷ ti ə wiw’su il–txʷ=axʷ arrive–ECS=now

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘She arrived with the children.’ 63 huy qʷatadəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy

qʷata–t=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

SCONJ

laid.out–ICS=now

PROX

children

‘Then she set the children down.’ 64 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’ 65

əsgʷaadil al ti ə around the fire as–gʷaad–il

al

STAT–down:PL–INCH

at

ti ə

around

the fire

PROX

around

the fire

‘They are sitting around the fire.’ 66 huy dᶻubalikʷəxʷ tsi ə cədi sƛ’alqəb sxʷəyuq’ʷ huy dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ tsi ə cədi sƛ’alqəb SCONJ

kick–ACT=now

PROX:FEM

s/he

monster

sxʷəyuq’ʷ Basket.Ogress

‘Then the monstress, the Basket Ogress, danced.’ 67

uq’ʷəlilcəxʷ tə wiw’su uq’ʷəlilcəxʷ tə wiw’su u–q’ʷəl•ilc–c=axʷ PFV–cooked•round–ALTV=now

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

u–q’ʷəl•ilc–c=axʷ PFV–cooked•round–ALTV=now

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

‘♪ “The stones are warm for children, the stones are warm for children.” ♪’ 68 huy around u ʷəxʷ ti ə fire huy

around

SCONJ

around

u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now

PROX

‘Then she went around the fire.’

fire fire

332

Basket Ogress

69 hud hikʷ hud əstab hud

hikʷ

hud

burn

big

burn

as–stab STAT–what

‘It is a fire, a big fire, and then ...’ 70 qaha hə xʷ ’ƛ’a ti i qah–a=axʷ INTNS–many=now

atəb ə tsi i qi qəl’adi bibəda s ’ƛ’a

ti i

stone

DIST

a–t–b

ə

be.there–ICS–PASS

qi –qəl’adi

bi–bəda –s

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

ATTN–offspring–3PO

PR

tsi i DIST:FEM

‘What is put there by Qiqeladi, her daughter, are many stones.’ 71 ǰu iləxʷ ə ti ə ǰu il=axʷ enjoy =now

us ə əds ə ti ə qa wiw’su ə ti ə

PR

u=s= ə əd=s

PROX

ə

IRR=NM=feed.on=3PO

PR

ti ə

qa

PROX

many children

‘She is happy because she is going to eat the many children.’ 72 qaˑ ti ə wiw’su qa

ti ə

wiw’su

many

PROX

children

‘There are a lot of children.’ 73

uˑ ǰu iləxʷ u INTJ

ǰu il=axʷ enjoy =now

‘Oh, she is happy.’ 74 ƛ’asdᶻaq’aq’əxʷ dxʷ al ti i fire ƛ’u= as–dᶻaq’–aq’=axʷ dxʷ– al HAB=STAT–DIM.EFF–fall=now

CNTRPT–at

‘She is teetering towards the fire.’ 75 gʷəl ƛ’ubəƛ’ubdubut gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=ƛ’ub–dxʷ–but

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=well–DC–REFL

‘And she manages to right herself.’ 76 huy cick’ʷəxʷ əsǰu iləxʷ huy

cick’ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

very=now

as–ǰu il=axʷ STAT–enjoy=now

‘Then she is very happy.’

ti i

fire

DIST

fire

wiw’su

Martha Williams Lamont

333

77 round the great big fire ti ə dəxʷuǰu ils round

the

great

big

fire

ti ə

dəxʷ= u–ǰu il=s

round

the

great

big

fire

PROX

ADNM=PFV–enjoy=3PO

‘Around the great big fire, because she is happy.’ 78 hikʷ hud hikʷ

hud

big

burn

‘It is a big fire.’ 79 huˑy cutəb ə ti ə luƛ’luƛ’ girls ti ə bəluƛ’luƛ’əxʷ boys huy

cut–t–b

SCONJ

ə

say–ICS–PASS PR

ti ə

luƛ’–luƛ’

girls

ti ə

PROX

DSTR–old

girls

PROX

bə=luƛ’–luƛ’=axʷ

boys

ADD=DSTR–old=now

boys

‘Then it is spoken by the older girls, and by the older boys.’ 80 gʷəhud gʷə=hud SBJ=burn

‘ “She would burn.’ 81 gʷə ədəd ə tsi ə xʷi ləha ə

gʷə= əd–t SBJ=push–ICS

1PL.SUB

tsi ə

xʷi

lə=ha

PROX:FEM

NEG

NEGP=good

‘ “We should push that no-good one.’ 82 yə i ƛ’asxʷəlk’ʷəxʷ yə i

ƛ’u= as–xʷəlk’ʷ=axʷ

because

HAB=STAT–intoxicated=now

‘ “Because she is dizzy.’ 83 ləsdᶻaq’aq’əxʷ dxʷ al ti i hud ləs–dᶻaq’–aq’=axʷ PROG.STAT–DIM.EFF–fall=now

dxʷ– al

ti i

hud

CNTRPT–at

DIST

burn

‘ “She is teetering towards the fire.’ 84 gʷəl gʷə ədəd ə gʷəl

gʷə= əd–t

SCONJ

SBJ=push–ICS

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “And we should push her.’

334

Basket Ogress

85 gʷəl gʷəcaq’apsəbəd ə

ə ti siq’əwayu

gʷəl

gʷə=caq’•apsəb–t

SCONJ

SBJ=impaled•throat–ICS

ə

ə

1PL.SUB

PR

ti

siq’əwayu

SPEC

fork.stick

‘ “And we could spear her in the throat with a pronged stick.” ’ 86

a ələp gʷəcaq’ad a

ələp

be.there

gʷə=caq’a–t

2PL.SUB

SBJ=impaled–ECS

‘ “You guys could spear her.” ’ 87

ahahəxʷ ə gʷəcaq’caq’ad ah–a=axʷ

ə

INTNS–be.there=now

gʷə=caq’–caq’a–t

1PL.SUB

SBJ=DSTR–impaled–ECS

‘ “We could spear her.’ 88 gʷəl ƛ’ub u atəbəd gʷəl

ƛ’ub

SCONJ

well

u– atəbəd PFV–die

‘ “And she would die.’ 89 gʷəgʷəlaldxʷ ə gʷə=gʷəlal–dxʷ SBJ=harmed–DC

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “We could manage to kill her.” ’ 90 cutcutəbəxʷ ə ti ə wiw’su cut–cut–t–b=axʷ DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘It is spoken by the children.’ 91 tatabəbəxʷ tatabəb=axʷ confer=now ‘They confer.’ 92 huy ƛ’asxʷəlk’ʷaxʷ huy

ƛ’u= as–xʷəlk’ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

HAB=STAT–intoxicated=now

‘Then she is getting dizzy.’

Martha Williams Lamont

93

335

udᶻaq’aq’əxʷ al ti ə ƛ’usudᶻubalikʷs u–dᶻaq’–aq’=axʷ al ti ə ƛ’u=s= u–dᶻub–alikʷ=s PFV–DIM.EFF–fall=now

at

HAB=NM=PFV–kick–ACT=3PO

PROX

‘She totters as she dances.’ 94 gʷəl udᶻəlul bid ti ə hud gʷəl u–dᶻəl•ul –bi–t SCONJ

PFV–turn•belly–MAP–ICS

ti ə

hud

PROX

burn

‘Then she turns her belly to the fire.’ 95 saxʷəbəxʷ saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now ‘He jumps.’ 96

u ʷəxʷ ti ə dii ’u u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now

dii ’u one:HMN

PROX

‘One of them goes.’ 97 gʷəl kʷədxʷ ti ə siq’wayu gʷəl

kʷəda–dxʷ

ti ə

siq’wayu

SCONJ

taken–DC

PROX

forked.stick

‘And he manages to get the pronged stick.’ 98 cuucəbəxʷ tsi ə bəda s qəladi cut–c–b=axʷ

tsi ə

bəda –s

qəladi

say–ALTV–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO

up.rooted.tree

‘Her daughter, Qeladi, is spoken to.’ 99 hiwil hiwil go.ahead ‘ “Go ahead!’ 100

u ʷalikʷ ə kʷi siq’wayu qi qəl’adi

ti i dəxʷ alš ə tsi ə adsk’ʷuy

u ʷ–alikʷ

qi –qəl’adi

go–ACT

ə PR

kʷi

siq’wayu

REM

forked.stick

dəxʷ= al–š NM=remove.from.fire–ICS

ə 1PL.PO

ti i

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

DIST

tsi ə

ad–sk’ʷuy

PROX:FEM

2SG.PO–mother

‘ “Go for a pronged stick, Qiqeladi, so we can get your mother out of the fire!” ’

336

Basket Ogress

101 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə huy

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

SCONJ

ti ə PROX

‘Then she goes.’ 102 gʷəl lə abš ti ə ha gʷəl SCONJ

siq’wayu ƛ’udəxʷuxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə

lə= ab–š

ti ə

ha

PROG=extend–ICS

PROX

siq’wayu

good forked.stick

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi =s

əlgʷə

HAB=ADNM=PFV–hunt=3PO

PL

‘Then she held out a good pronged stick they used for game.’ 103

ahahəxʷ al ti i ah–a=axʷ

al

INTNS–be.there=now

at

ti i DIST

‘It is there.’ 104 huy ədtəbaxʷ dxʷ al hud huy

əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

dxʷ– al

hud

CNTRPT–at

burn

‘And (Basket Ogress) is pushed (further) into the fire.’ 105 tiləb ucaq’apsəbtəb al ti i scqapsəbs tiləb

u–caq’•apsəb–t–b

immediately

al

PFV–impaled•throat–ICS–PASS

at

ti i

scqapsəb–s

DIST

neck–3PO

‘Right away she is speared in the throat.’ 106 gʷəl atəbəxʷ dxʷ al ti i hud gʷəl

a–t–b=axʷ be.there–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

dxʷ– al

ti i

hud

CNTRPT–at

DIST

burn

‘And (Basket Ogress) is put into the fire.’ 107

aˑhəxʷ ti i scəq cuts al ti i cədi a=axʷ be.there=now

əsq’ʷəlilc

ti i

s=cəq cut=s

DIST

NM=sizzle=3PO

as–q’ʷəl•ilc–c STAT–cooked•round–ALTV

‘There she sizzles on the heated rocks.’

al ti i at

DIST

cədi s/he

Martha Williams Lamont

108

337

aˑhəxʷ dəxʷəsciq’itəbs dxʷ al ti i

shuds dxʷ al tus atəbəds tsi sxʷəyuq’ʷ

sƛ’alqəb dxʷ al kʷi wiw’su a=axʷ be.there=now

dəxʷ= as–ciq’i–t–b=s

dxʷ– al

ti i

ADNM=STAT–poke–ICS–PASS=3PO

CNTRPT–at

DIST

s=hud=s

dxʷ– al

tu=s= atəbəd=s

tsi

NM=burn=3PO

CNTRPT–at

PAST=NM=die=3PO

SPEC:FEM

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

sƛ’alqəb

dxʷ– al

kʷi

wiw’su

Basket.Ogress

monster

CNTRPT–at

REM

children

‘There is Basket Ogress, monster to the children, where she has been poked so she burns to death.’ 109 gʷəl əxʷslək’ʷədab ti ə wiw’su gʷəl

as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–t–ab

SCONJ

STAT–CTD–eaten–ICS–DSD

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘And she wants to eat the children.’ 110 gʷətulək’ʷəd bək’ʷ ti ə wiw’su gʷəxʷi əs ti ə sgʷəlaltəbs gʷə=tu=lək’ʷ–t

bək’ʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

gʷə=xʷi =as

ti ə

SBJ=PAST=eaten–ICS

all

PROX

children

SBJ=NEG=3SBRD

PROX

s=gʷəlal–t–b=s NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘She would have eaten all the children if she hadn’t been killed.’ 111 ti i kikəwi ti utəlawil ti i

ki–kəwi

ti

DIST

ATTN–hunchback

SPEC

u–təlawil PFV–run

‘The one who has run away is Little Hunchback.’ 112 gʷəl uyəcəb dxʷ al tuˑdi dxʷdi i gʷəl

u–yəc–b

SCONJ

PFV–report–MD

dxʷ– al

tudi

dxʷ–di i

CNTRPT–at

DIST.DMA

CNTRPT–yonder

‘And he reported it over there.’ 113 huy əƛ’axʷ ti i cədi huy SCONJ

aci talbixʷ ti i

əƛ’=axʷ

ti i

cədi

come=now

DIST

s/he

əbsbədbəda aci talbixʷ people

as–bəs–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–DSTR–offspring

‘Then the people that had children come.’

ti i DIST

338

Basket Ogress

114 Levi Lamont: Sit still!2 115 huy dᶻahak’ʷu əxʷ kʷa( ) ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ huy dᶻahak’ʷu =axʷ kʷa u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ at.long.last:RDP=now

SCONJ

PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now

PTCL

‘Then they have finally killed her.’ 116 həli u xʷ həli

u xʷ

alive

PTCL

‘(The children) are still alive.’ 117 huy ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ ə ti ə huy

u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ

ə

PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

PR

ti ə PROX

‘Then (Basket Ogress) has been killed by them.’ 118 lab ti

iišəd ə ti ə wiw’su

lab

ti

iišəd

see

SPEC

ə

relatives

PR

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘The relatives of the children see.’ 119

u il u– il PFV–arrive

‘They have arrived.’ 120 di ti ə wiw’su ti ə di FOC

əscaq’apsəbəd əlgʷə

ti ə

wiw’su

ti ə

PROX

children

PROX

ə ti i hikʷ hud

as–caq’•apsəb–t STAT–impaled•throat–ICS

əlgʷə PL

hikʷ hud big

burn

‘The ones who speared her in the throat in the big fire are the children.’ 121 gʷəl a ti ə gʷəl SCONJ

’ əƛ’ ’ƛ’a

a be.there

ti ə PROX

’əƛ’– ’ƛ’a DSTR–stone

‘And there are big rocks.’

__________ 2

This is probably directed to one of the family dogs.

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

339

122 di əxʷ dəxʷtəš a di =axʷ

dəxʷ=təš=s

FOC=now

ADNM=misfortune=3PO

a be.there

‘That was how she comes to a bad end.’ 123 hay gʷəlaltəbəxʷ tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ dxʷ al s atəbəds hay SCONJ

gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ

tsi ə

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

dxʷ– al

harmed–ICS–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

CNTRPT–at

s= atəbəd=s NM=die=3PO

‘So the Basket Ogress is killed so that she dies.’ 124 yubil yubil die ‘She dies.’ 125 gʷəl kʷa təb gʷəl

kʷa –t–b

SCONJ

released–ICS–PASS

‘And she is released.’ 126 hay huyəxʷ gʷəl (h)uy xʷu ələ pədi təbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi hay

huy=axʷ

gʷəl

huy

xʷu ələ

SCONJ

SCONJ=now

SCONJ

SCONJ

maybe

pəd•i –t–b=axʷ

ə

buried•covering–ICS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘And so then it seems she is buried by them.’ 127 gʷəl pədi təbəxʷ aha al ti i tuxʷudad ə kʷi dirt gʷəl

pəd•i –t–b-axʷ

SCONJ

ah–a

buried•covering–ICS–PASS=now

tu=xʷhudad

ə

PAST=ashes

PR

kʷi

dirt

REM

dirt

INTNS–be.there

‘She is buried right there in the ashes with the dirt.’ 128 huy ahəxʷ əspədi huy SCONJ

a=axʷ be.there=now

as–pəd•i STAT–buried•covering

‘Then she is buried right there.’

al ti i at

DIST

340

Basket Ogress

129 huy əgʷəlbaxʷ huy SCONJ

əgʷə –b=axʷ leave–PASS=now

‘Then she is left behind.’ 130 day’əxʷ t s i ə qi qəl’adi tubi bəda s day’=axʷ

tsi ə

qi –qəl’adi

tu=bi –bəda –s

uniquely=now

PROX:FEM

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

PAST=ATTN–offspring–3PO

‘Qiqeladi, the daughter of Basket Ogress, is alone.’ 131

ʷul’əxʷ tu u ʷəxʷ ʷul’=axʷ

tu= u ʷ=axʷ

only=now

PAST=go=now

‘She just went.’ 132 tu ibəšəxʷ tu= ibəš=axʷ PAST=travel=now

‘She travelled.’ 133 tusaxʷəbəxʷ tsi ə tubi bəda s tu=saxʷəb=axʷ

tsi ə

tu=bi –bəda –s

PAST=jump=now

PROX:FEM

PAST=ATTN–offspring–3PO

‘Her daughter ran.’ 134 hay u ʷəxʷ ti ə caadi hay SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now

PROX

caadi they

‘So they go.’ 135

iləxʷ t s i ə tusisters il=axʷ arrive=now

tsi ə

tu=sister–s

PROX:FEM

PAST=sister–3PO

‘Her sister comes.’ 136

ʷub kʷi sda ʷub Lhxwubxw

ə t s i ə tusuq’ʷa s kʷi

s=da

REM

NM=named

ə PR

‘The name of her sister is Lhxwubxw.’

tsi ə

tu=suq’ʷa –s

PROX:FEM

PAST=younger.sibling–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

341

137 suq’ʷa s xʷu ələ suq’ʷa –s

xʷu ələ

younger.sibling–3PO

maybe

‘She is maybe her younger cousin.’ 138 tasxʷi xʷi ilu tu= as–xʷi xʷi –ilu PAST=STAT–hunt–PRPV

‘She had gone to hunt.’ 139 gʷəl ləcut tsi i cədi

ʷub

gʷəl

lə=cut

tsi i

cədi

SCONJ

PROG=say

DIST:FEM

s/he

ʷub Lhxwubxw

‘And Lhxwubxw speaks.’ 140 hiˑ yaw’ dᶻə hi

əspədi təb sixʷ ə tsə dᶻəgʷa ti i sxʷi xʷi s yaw’ dᶻə as–pəd•i –t–b

come.on

only.if

STAT–buried•covering–ICS–PASS

PTCL

tsə

dᶻəgʷa

ti i

sxʷi xʷi –s

NSPEC:FEM

expert

DIST

hunt–3PO

‘ “Hey! Can it be that the expert (hunter) has buried her game?’ 141 xʷu ələ sixʷ sxʷi xʷi s ti ə tuq’əlsəd xʷu ələ

sixʷ

sxʷi xʷi –s

ti ə

tu=q’əls–t

maybe

PTCL

hunt–3PO

PROX

PAST=steam–ICS

‘ “Maybe it is her game which has been steamed.’ 142 gʷəl əspədi txʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

as–pəd•i –txʷ=axʷ STAT–buried•covering–ECS=now

‘ “And she has it buried.’ 143 gʷəl hu xʷ əspədi txʷəxʷ gʷəl

u xʷ

SCONJ

still

as–pəd•i –txʷ=axʷ STAT–buried•covering–ECS=now

‘ “And she still has it buried.” ’ 144 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then she goes.’

sixʷ

ə

PTCL

PR

342

Basket Ogress

145 gʷəl tabədəxʷ ti i cədi

əspədi

gʷəl

taba–t=axʷ

ti i

cədi

SCONJ

do–ICS=now

DIST

s/he

al ti i tuhud as–pəd•i

al ti i

STAT–buried•covering

at

DIST

tu=hud PAST=burn

‘And she helps herself to what is buried in the fire.’ 146

əsaydxʷ əsq’əlstub as–hay–dxʷ

as–q’əls–txʷ–b

STAT–known–DC

STAT–steamed–ECS–PASS

‘She knows something has been steamed.’ 147 huy q’a i ədəxʷ ti ə huy

q’a •i –t=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

uncover•covering–ICS=now

PROX

‘Then she digs it up.’ 148 t aˑxʷ əsq’ʷəl t =axʷ

as–q’ʷəl

truly=now

STAT–cooked

‘It is really cooked.’ 149

əsgʷəbiləd as–gʷəbiləd STAT–overcooked

‘It is well-done.’ 150 gʷəl cick’ʷəxʷ əstaˑgʷəxʷəxʷ tsi ə cədi gʷəl SCONJ

cick’ʷ=axʷ

as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ

very=now

STAT–hungry=now

ay’əds

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

ʷub Lhxwubx ‘And her companion, Lhxwubx, is very hungry.’ 151 tas ibəš tu= as– ibəš PAST=STAT–travel

‘She had been travelling.’

ʷub

tsi ə

ay’əd–s companion–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

343

152 tasxʷi xʷi ilu tu= as–xʷi xʷi –ilu PAST=STAT–hunt–PRPV

‘She had gone to hunt.’ 153 cick’ʷ əstagʷəxʷ cick’ʷ very

as–tagʷəxʷ STAT–hungry

‘She is very hungry.’ 154 huy ə ədaxʷ huy

ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now

SCONJ

‘Then she eats.’ 155

əxʷcutabid sxʷi xʷi

ə tsi ə

ay’əds ti ə

as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t

sxʷi xʷi

STAT–CTD–speak–DSD–MAP–ICS

ti ə

əsq’ʷəl

game

ə

tsi ə

PR

ay’əd–s

PROX:FEM

companion–3PO

as–q’ʷəl

PROX

STAT–cooked

‘She thinks that what has been cooked is her companion’s game.’ 156 gʷaˑ tu ʷ cədi ti i

ugʷəlaltəb

gʷa

tu ʷ

cədi

ti i

but

just

s/he

DIST

u–gʷəlal–t–b PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS

‘But it is just the one who has been killed.’ 157 hay əskʷukʷtxʷəxʷ hay SCONJ

as–kʷukʷ–txʷ=axʷ STAT–cook–ECS=now

‘So she has been cooked.’ 158 huy lək’ʷtəbaxʷ ə tsi ə cədi huy

lək’ʷ–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

eaten–ICS–PASS=now

əbs ay’əd ə PR

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘Then she is eaten by the one who has a companion.’ 159

ə ədaˑxʷ ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now ‘She eats.’

as–bəs– ay’əd STAT–PROP–companion

344

Basket Ogress

160 huy ə əxʷ ti u ə huy

ə =axʷ‿ti

u–

seemingly=now

SCONJ

PFV–sick

‘Then she gets kind of sick.’ 161 gʷəl cutəxʷ gʷəl

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

say=now

‘And she speaks.’ 162 šəwaˑ di alaqəp šəqəq šəwa

di •alaqəp

šq–q

INTJ

FOC•odour

DIM.EFF–high

‘ “Barf! It smells like older sister.’3 163 šəwaˑ di alaqəp šəqəq šəwa

di •alaqəp

šq–q

INTJ

FOC•odour

DIM.EFF–high

‘ “Barf! It smells like older sister.” ’ 164 di əxʷ tsi i tu ay’əds tsi i

uhaydxʷəxʷ ti i su ə əds

di =əxʷ

tsi i

tu= ay’əd–s

tsi i

FOC=NOW

DIST:FEM

PAST=companion–3PO

DIST:FEM

ti i

s= u– ə əd=s

DIST

NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

u–hay–dxʷ=axʷ PFV–known–DC=now

‘It is her late companion that she realizes that she has eaten.’ 165 huy

axʷ tsi ə cədi

huy SCONJ

=axʷ sick=now

ʷub tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

ʷub Lhxwubx

‘Then Lhxwubx gets sick.’ 166 huy tula bəxʷ ukʷa ədəxʷ huy

tu=həla b=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=really=now

u–kʷa –t=axʷ PFV–released–ICS=now

‘She really let it go.’

__________ 3

It isn’t clear how closely the translation offered here corresponds to the literal meaning of the expression, if at all.

Martha Williams Lamont

345

167 huy bə ibəš xʷu ələ tsi i cədi

ʷub

huy

bə= ibəš

xʷu ələ

tsi i

cədi

SCONJ

ADD=travel

maybe

DIST:FEM

s/he

ʷub Lhxwubx

‘Then it seems that Lhxwubx travels again.’ 168

u ibəš u– ibəš PFV–travel

‘She travelled.’ 169

up’aƛ’acutəxʷ u–p’aƛ’acut=axʷ PFV–grope.along=now

‘She groped along.’ 170

uhaydxʷəxʷ u–hay–dxʷ=axʷ PFV–known–DC=now

‘She realizes it.’ 171 di əw’ə tsi tu ay’əds tsi ə su ə əds di

əw’ə

tsi

tu= ay’əd–s

tsi ə

FOC

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

PAST=companion–3PO

PROX:FEM

s= u– ə əd=s NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘It is her companion she has eaten.’ 172 huˑy gʷəl tu u ʷəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi dəxʷ a ə ti i i

əs a lil kʷi tudəxʷu asəxʷ kʷi

tubəsgʷəlaltəbsəxʷ huy

gʷəl

tu= u ʷ=axʷ

dxʷ– al

kʷi

dəxʷ= a

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=go=now

CNTRPT–at

REM

ADNM=be.there

ti –i i PL–DIST

as– a lil STAT–live

ə PR

kʷi

tu=dəxʷ= u– a=s=əxʷ

kʷi

REM

PAST=ADNM=PFV–be.there=NM=now

REM

tu=bə=s=gʷəlal–t–b=s=axʷ PAST=ADD=NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO=now

‘Well then, she went to where those who had been there when (Basket Ogress) was killed live.’

346

Basket Ogress

173 yə i tubəhudabactəbəxʷ yə i

tu=bə=hud•abac–t–b=axʷ

because

PAST=ADD=burn•body–ICS–PASS=now

‘Because she had been burned.’ 174 tucut tu=cut PAST=say

‘She spoke.’ 175

ad kʷi šəgʷ ləp ad where

kʷi

šəgʷ –ləp

REM

path–2PL.PO

‘ “Where is your door?” ’ 176 di

al ti i šqalətxʷ ƛ’usəhəd iw’ ə tə qəladi

di

al at

FOC

ti i

šqalətxʷ

ƛ’u=s=lə=həd iw’

DIST

roof

HAB=NM=PROG=indoors

ə PR

ti SPEC

qəladi up.rooted.tree ‘ “It is on the roof where Qeladi comes in.” ’ 177 gʷəl tu ʷ əshudtubəxʷ gʷəl

tu ʷ

SCONJ

just

as–hud–txʷ–b=axʷ STAT–burn–ECS–PASS=now

‘They just build a fire.’ 178 huy əsaydub huy SCONJ

as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS

‘Then it is known,’ 179

u ibəš tsi i u= ibəš

ʷub tsi i

IRR=travel

DIST:FEM

ʷub Lhxwubx

‘Lhxwubx will travel (in through the roof).’ 180 huy ʷul’əxʷ bələxʷəbtəb dxʷ al ti i hud huy SCONJ

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

bə=lə=xʷəb–t–b

dxʷ– al

ti i

hud

ADD=PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS

CNTRPT–at

DIST

burn

‘She is just thrown in the fire.’

Martha Williams Lamont

347

181 hay ƛ’al’əxʷ bə atəbədəxʷ tsi i

ʷub

hay

ƛ’al’=axʷ

bə= atəbəd=axʷ

tsi i

SCONJ

also=now

ADD=die-now

DIST:FEM

ʷub Lhxwubx

‘So Lhxwubx also dies.’ 182 šubali ti i tusƛ’al’ƛ’alqəb šubali

ti i

tu=sƛ’al’–ƛ’alqəb

many.die

DIST

PAST=DSTR–monster

‘The monsters died in that place.’ 183 ti dəxʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəsƛ’alqəb al ti šqabac ti

dəxʷ=xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

gʷə=sƛ’alqəb

SPEC

ADNM=NEG=now

REM

SBJ=monster

al ti at

šq•abac high•body

SPEC

‘Which is why there are no monsters up there.’ 184

aləxʷ ti səshuyəxʷ ə ti ə swatixʷtəd al=axʷ at=now

ti

s= as–huyu=axʷ

ə

SPEC

NM=STAT–made=now

PR

ti ə

swatixʷtəd

PROX

land

‘This is how the world has become.’ 185 gʷətu aha u xʷ gʷəxʷi əs ti ə tusgʷəlaltəbs t s i i cədi

i sxʷəyuq’ʷ i t s i i

ay’əds gʷə=tu= ah–a

u xʷ

gʷə=xʷi =as

SBJ=PAST=INTNS–be.there

PTCL

SBJ=NEG=3SBRD

tu=s=gʷəlal–t–b=s PAST=NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO

i CONJ

tsi i

ti ə

tsi i

cədi

DIST:FEM

s/he

PROX

i

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

CONJ

Basket.Ogress

ay’əd–s

DIST:FEM

companion–3PO

‘They would be there if the Basket Ogress and her companion had not been killed.’ 186 sa sa bad ‘They are bad.’ 187 ƛ’al’ bəsa kʷi tusəshuys al kʷi tudᶻixʷ ƛ’al’

bə=sa

kʷi

tu=s= as–huyu=s

also

ADD=bad

REM

PAST=NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘What they did before that was also bad.’

al at

kʷi

tu=dᶻixʷ

REM

PAST=first

348

Basket Ogress

188 ti ə syəyəhub ti ə

syəyəhub

PROX

legend

‘It is a story.’ 189

ʷadᶻad əlgʷə ʷadᶻa–t

əlgʷə

annihilate–ICS

PL

‘They annihilate them.’ 190

ušubud əlgʷə ti i wiw’su u–šubu–t PFV–disappear–ICS

əlgʷə

ti i

wiw’su

PL

DIST

children

‘They made the children disappear.’ 191 di ha dali əds di

ha –t•ali əd=s

FOC

good–ICS•food=3PO

‘They are their food of choice.’ 192 xʷi gʷəsulək’ʷəds kʷi luƛ’luƛ’ xʷi

gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s

kʷi

luƛ’–luƛ’

NEG

SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO

REM

DSTR–old

‘They won’t eat the old people.’ 193 day’ ti i wiw’su ti i sə ə əds tsi ə tusƛ’alqəb sxʷəyuq’ʷ i tsi ə cədi day’

ti i

wiw’su

ti i

s=lə= ə əd=s

tsi ə

uniquely

DIST

children

DIST

NM=PROG=feed.on=3PO

PROX:FEM

tu=sƛ’alqəb

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

PAST=monster

Basket.Ogress

i CONJ

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

ay’əds

ay’əd–s companion–3PO

‘It is just the children that are the food of the monster, the Basket Ogress, and her companion.’ 194 hay tu ʷ ʷadᶻatəbəxʷ əlgʷə bək’ʷ hay tu ʷ ʷadᶻa–t–b=axʷ SCONJ

just

annihilate–ICS–PASS=now

əlgʷə

bək’ʷ

PL

all

‘So they are completely eradicated.’ 195 gʷəl hay tu ibəš kʷədi di i tustabəxʷ tu əy’dubəxʷ gʷəl

hay

tu= ibəš

kʷədi

di i

tu=stab=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=travel

REM.DMA

yonder

PAST=what=now

Martha Williams Lamont

349

tu= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ PAST=find–DC–PASS=now

‘So then they travelled there to where they were found.’ 196 xʷu ələ tu əy’dubəxʷ xʷu ələ

tu= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ

maybe

PAST=find–DC–PASS=now

‘It seems that they were found.’ 197 di

u ti i tuqaw’qs kʷi tudəxʷaydubs

di FOC

u

ti i

tu=qaw’qs

kʷi

tu=dəxʷ=hay–dxʷ–b=s

INT

DIST

PAST=raven

REM

PAST=ADNM=known–DC–PASS=3PO

‘Was it from Raven that they knew?’ 198

ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ i tsi ə u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now

ʷub

tsi ə

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

i CONJ

tsi ə PROX:FEM

ʷub Lhxwubx ‘Basket Ogress and Lhxwubx are killed.’ 199 tuhaydubəxʷ ə ti i

aci talbixʷ əs a lil ə

ti i

PR

DIST

tu=hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ PAST=known–DC–PASS=now

aci talbixʷ people

‘It was known by the people who lived there.’ 200 huy tupa əxʷ ti ə caadi huy

tu=pa =axʷ

ti ə

caadi

SCONJ

PAST=flee=now

PROX

they

‘Then they fled.’ 201 tupa əxʷ tu=pa =axʷ PAST=flee=now

‘They fled.’ 202 tu u ʷəxʷ tu= u ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now

‘They went.’

as– a lil STAT–live

350

Basket Ogress

203 tulilcutəxʷ tu=lil–t–sut=axʷ PAST=far–ICS–REFL=now

‘They got away.’ 204

ə ti dᶻə tul’ al stuləkʷ kʷi dəxʷqʷicəxʷ əlgʷə stuləkʷ kʷi ə ‿ti dᶻə tul’– al seemingly

PTCL

CNTRFG–at

river

REM

dəxʷ=qʷic=s=axʷ ADNM=downstream=3PO=now

əlgʷə PL

‘It seems that the place downstream of them is where they come out of the river.’ 205 dxʷ a əd dxʷ– a əd CNTRPT–downstream

‘Downstream.’ 206 ƛ’ubəxʷ ə ƛ’ub=axʷ

ulilcut ə ti i ə

well=now

ušubali

u–lil–t–sut

1PL.SUB

PFV–far–ICS–REFL

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

u–šubali PFV–many.die

‘ “We had better get away from where they died.’ 207 tul’q’ixʷ ti i sa sa tul’–q’ixʷ

ti i

sa –sa

CNTRFG–upstream

DIST

DSTR–bad

‘ “It is bad upstream.” ’ 208 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

əlgʷə PL

‘Then they go.’ 209 tulilcutəxʷ tu=lil–t–sut=axʷ PAST=far–ICS–REFL=now

‘They got away.’ 210 pa dubutəxʷ əlgʷə tul’ al kʷi gʷəbəs as kʷi gʷətay pa –dxʷ–but=axʷ

əlgʷə

tul’– al

kʷi

gʷə=bə=s= a=s

flee–DC–REFL=now

PL

CNTRFG–at

REM

SBJ=ADD=NM=be.there=3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

kʷi

gʷə=tay

REM

SBJ=raid

351

‘They manage to escape from where they would be raided.’ 211 gʷəl gʷəgʷəlaltəb əlgʷə tul’ al ti ə

i ʷub

gʷəl

gʷə=gʷəlal–t–b

əlgʷə

tul’– al

ti ə

SCONJ

SBJ=harmed–ICS–PASS

PL

CNTRFG–at

PROX

i – ʷub PRTV–lhxwubx

‘And they would be killed because of the other Lhxwubx.’ 212 huˑy tu ahəxʷ huy

tu= a=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=be.there=now

‘Well, she was there.’ 213 gʷəl day’əxʷ tsi ə

i

ʷub

gʷəl

day’=axʷ

tsi ə

SCONJ

uniquely=now

PROX:FEM

i – ʷub ATTN–Lhxwubx

‘And Little Lhxwubx is alone.’ 214 tuqi qəl’adi kʷsi tuhəli tu=qi qəl’adi

kʷsi

tu=həli

PAST=daughter.of.Basket.Ogress

REM:FEM

PAST=alive

‘The one who was alive was Qiqeladi.’ 215 tas aləxʷ kʷi tudəxʷ ibəšsəxʷ tu= as– al=axʷ

kʷi

tu=dəxʷ= ibəš=s=axʷ

PAST=STAT–how=now

REM

PAST=ADNM=travel=3PO=now

‘How did they manage to get there?’ 216 huy gʷəl tubə ay’dubəxʷ ə kʷi stab huy

gʷəl

tu=bə= ay’–dxʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=ADD=find–DC–PASS=now

ə PR

‘Then she was found by something.’ 217 di di FOC

u ti acəc i qaw’qs i stab u INT

ti acəc UNQ

i CONJ

qaw’qs raven

‘Would it be Raven or something?’

i CONJ

stab what

kʷi

stab

REM

what

352

Basket Ogress

218 di

əd əsbaliicəxʷ ti i

di

əd

as–balii–c=axʷ

1SG.SUB

FOC

ti i

STAT–forget–ALTV=now

DIST

‘I forget what it was.’ 219 gʷəl tu u ʷtubəxʷ tsi ə cədi qi qəl’adi gʷəl

tu= u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

tsi ə

cədi

qi –qəl’adi

SCONJ

PAST=go–ECS–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

s/he

ATTN–up.rooted.tree

‘And that Qiqeladi was taken.’ 220 t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go.home–ECS–PASS=now ‘She is taken home.’ 221 gʷəl tu ʷəxʷ tubəgʷəlaltəb gʷəl

tu ʷ=axʷ

tu=bə=gʷəlal–t–b

SCONJ

just=now

PAST=ADD=harmed–ICS–PASS

‘And she was just killed.’ 222 ƛ’al’ kʷi aci əxʷ tubədəxʷgʷəlaltəbs i tsi ə ƛ’al’

kʷi

also

aci =axʷ pause=now

REM

tsi ə

PAST=ADD=ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO

ʷub

PROX:FEM

ʷub tubə ay’əd

tu=bə=dəxʷ=gʷəlal–t–b=s tu=bə= ay’əd

Lhxwubw

PAST=ADD=companion

‘They waited to killed her, too, in addition to her companion Lhxwubx.’ 223 bək’ʷil əlgʷə bək’ʷ–il

əlgʷə

all–INCH

PL

‘That is all of them.’ 224 gʷəl tusƛ’alqəb əlgʷə gʷətu ahəs gʷəl

tu=sƛ’alqəb

əlgʷə

gʷə=tu= a=as

SCONJ

PAST=monster

PL

SBJ=PAST=be.there=3SBRD

‘They were the monsters when they existed.’ 225 šubali šubali many.die ‘They die.’

i CONJ

Martha Williams Lamont

353

226 hay ƛ’ubiləxʷ ti ə swatixʷtəd hay

ƛ’ub–il=axʷ

ti ə

swatixʷtəd

SCONJ

well–INCH=now

PROX

land

‘So, the land became better.’ 227 hayəxʷ gʷəl gʷəbəs ista əs kʷi dxʷlaq hay=axʷ

gʷəl

gʷə=bə= as– ista =as

kʷi

dxʷlaq

SCONJ=now

SCONJ

SBJ=ADD=STAT–be.like=3SBRD

REM

childless

‘So then they would have been childless.’ 228 xʷi gʷəs as kʷi sƛ’alqəb gʷu ʷadᶻad kʷi wiw’su al kʷi dxʷlaq xʷi

gʷə=s= a=s

kʷi

sƛ’alqəb

gʷə= u– ʷadᶻa–t

kʷi

NEG

SBJ=NM=be.there=3PO

REM

monster

SBJ=PFV–annihilate–ICS

REM

wiw’su

al

children

at

kʷi

dxʷlaq

REM

childless

‘There are no more monsters who could annihilate the children (and leave them) childless.’ 229 ck’ʷaqaqid ulə ista tub kʷi bək’ʷ stab ck’ʷaq–aqid

u=lə= ista –txʷ–b

INTNS–always

IRR=PROG=be.like–ECS–PASS

kʷi

bək’ʷ stab

REM

all

what

‘They would always be doing everything like that.’ 230 šubali ti ə tu ʷadᶻad ti i wiw’su šubali ti ə tu= u– ʷadᶻa–t many.die

PROX

PAST=PFV–annihilate–ICS

‘Those who annihilated the children died there.’ 231 ƛ’ulək’ʷəd əlgʷə ti i wiw’su ƛ’u= u–lək’ʷ–t

əlgʷə

ti i

wiw’su

HAB=PFV–eaten–ICS

PL

DIST

children

‘They always eat children.’ 232 ck’ʷaqid ulək’ʷəd əlgʷə ck’ʷaqid always

u–lək’ʷ–t PFV–eaten–ICS

əlgʷə PL

‘They have always eaten them.’

ti i

wiw’su

DIST

children

354

Basket Ogress

233 tusaxʷəbdubut ti ə kikəwi tu=saxʷəb–dxʷ–but

ti ə

ki–kəwi

PAST=jump–DC–REFL

PROX

ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback managed to get away.’ 234 gʷəl tuyəcəb dxʷ al ti ə

aci talbixʷ

gʷəl

tu=yəc–b

dxʷ– al

ti ə

SCONJ

PAST=report–MD

CNTRPT–at

PROX

‘And he told the people.’ 235 di əxʷ ti i tukʷaxʷdxʷ ti i i di =axʷ

ti i

tu=kʷaxʷ–dxʷ

ti –i i

FOC=now

DIST

PAST=helped–DC

PL–DIST

‘They were the ones who helped them.’ 236 di

u šac’s

di FOC

u

s=šac’=s

INT

NM=finished=3PO

Levi Lamont: ‘Is that the end?’ 237

i i INTJ

‘Yes.’ 238 həli ti i wiw’su həli

ti i

wiw’su

alive

DIST

children

‘The children are alive.’ 239 tu a tu= a PAST=be.there

‘They were there.’ 240 tuhəli tu=həli PAST=alive

‘They were alive.’ 241 Saved their live.

aci talbixʷ people

Martha Williams Lamont

355

242 huy ugʷəlaldəxʷ əlgʷə tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ huy SCONJ

u–gʷəlal–t=axʷ PFV–harmed–ICS=now

əlgʷə

tsi ə

sxʷəyuq’ʷ

PL

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘Then they have killed the Basket Ogress.’ 243 And that was the last.

356

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1

ista b ti i bəš əb i ti i tətyika su suq’ʷa s ista –b be.like–MD

ti i

bəš əb

DIST

mink

i CONJ

ti i

tətyika

su –suq’ʷa –s

DIST

Tutyika

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

‘This is what Mink and his little younger cousin Tutyika are like.’ 2

huy gʷəl ha ləb kʷi swatixʷtəd huy

gʷəl

ha –b

kʷi

swatixʷtəd

SCONJ

SCONJ

good–MD

REM

land

‘And then the world (i.e., the weather) is clear.’ 3

huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy

u ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

go=now

SCONJ

PL

‘Then they go.’ 4

ulu əxʷ ulu =axʷ travel.by.water=now ‘They go by canoe.’

5

xʷi xʷi əxʷ əlgʷə xʷi xʷi =axʷ

əlgʷə

hunt=now

PL

‘They are hunting.’ 6

pədᶻatu əxʷ əlgʷə pədᶻatu =axʷ əlgʷə duck.hunt=now

PL

‘They are hunting along the shore.’ 7

stab ti i s pədᶻatu s stab ti i s=pədᶻatu =s what

DIST

NM=duck.hunt=3PO

‘What are they hunting?’

__________ 1

Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 25), 2 November 1952, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.

Martha Williams Lamont

8

357

xʷu ələ bu qʷ xʷu ələ

bu qʷ

maybe

waterfowl

‘Perhaps it was duck.’ 9

stab kʷi ƛ’usxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə stab

kʷi

ƛ’u=s=xʷi xʷi =s

əlgʷə

what

REM

HAB=NM=hunt=3PO

PL

‘What were they hunting?’ 10

uˑ ha ləb u INTJ

ha –b good–MD

‘Oh, it had cleared.’ 11 day’əxʷ (h)a

slə il

day’=axʷ

ha

slə –il

uniquely=now

good

daylight–INCH

‘It is a very nice day.’ 12 huy ulu əxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

ə ti i bu qʷ

ulu =axʷ

əlgʷə

travel.by.water=now

PL

ə

ti i

bu qʷ

PR

DIST

waterfowl

‘Then they are going by canoe for ducks.’ 13 stab kʷi s pədᶻatu əxʷ s stab kʷi s=pədᶻatu =axʷ=s what

REM

NM=duck.hunt=now=3PO

‘What are they hunting?’ 14 tiləb ləƛ’iƛ’q ti i

xʷəlu

tiləb

lə=ƛ’i–ƛ’q

ti i

immediately

PROG=ATTN–emerge

DIST

‘All of a sudden Whale is surfacing.’ 15 ləƛ’iq lə=ƛ’iq PROG=emerge

‘He is surfacing.’

xʷəlu whale

358

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)

16 bəƛ’iq bə=ƛ’iq ADD=emerge

‘He surfaces again.’ 17 ləsha ləb ləs–ha l–b PROG.STAT–good–MD

‘It is clearing up.’ 18 tiləbəxʷ uq’ atəb ə ti ə bəš əb tiləb=axʷ

u–q’ a–t–b

ə

PFV–insult–ICS–PASS

immediately=now

PR

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

‘Right away Whale is insulted by Mink.’ 19

u ə id əw’ə tə xʷi ləha

udxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd

u– ə id

əw’ə

tə

xʷi

lə=ha

PTCL

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

PFV–what.happen

u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body

‘ “Why is that nogood so-and-so making such noises?” ’ 20 bə ’i ’it kʷi sutabs bə= ’i– ’it

kʷi

s= u–taba=s

ADD=ATTN–near

REM

NM=PFV–do=3PO

‘What he is doing is coming nearer.’ 21 ləƛ’iq lə=ƛ’iq PROG=emerge

‘He is surfacing.’ 22 ƛ’ucutcutəbəxʷ ə ti ə tətyika ƛ’u=cut–cut–t–b=axʷ HAB=DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

‘He (Mink) is always told by Tutyika,’ 23

ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’

ti ə

tətyika

PROX

Tutyika

Martha Williams Lamont

359

24 kʷa əd kʷa –t released–ICS ‘ “Leave him alone!’ 25 gʷulabdub əxʷ əxʷ

gʷə= u–lab–dxʷ–b SBJ=PFV–look–DC–PASS

2SG.SUB

‘ “You might be noticed.’ 26 gʷələk’ʷtəb ə gʷə=lək’ʷ–t–b

ə

SBJ=eaten–ICS–PASS

1PL.SUB

‘ “We might be eaten.” ’ 27 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘No.’ 28 bəq’ ad bə=q’ a–t ADD=insult–ICS

‘He insults him some more.’ 29 bəƛ’iq ti i

xʷəlu

bə=ƛ’iq

ti i

ADD=emerge

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘Whale surfaces again.’ 30 bə əƛ’ bə= əƛ’ ADD=come

‘He comes again.’ 31 bə ’i ’itəxʷ bə= ’i– ’it=axʷ ADD=ATTN–near=now

‘He comes a little closer.’

360

32

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)

ə idəxʷ tə xʷi ləha ə id=axʷ what.happen=now

udxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd kʷi dəxʷ ’its kʷi bəsucutcuts tə

xʷi

lə=ha

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body

kʷi

dəxʷ= ’it=s

kʷi

REM

ADNM=near=3PO

REM

bə=s= u–cut–cut=s ADD=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘ “Why is that no-good one making noise as he comes closer speaking over and over?” ’ 33 ləpə cut lə=pə cut PROG=spout

‘He is spouting.’ 34

ʷubisəxʷ ʷubil–s=axʷ quiet–ALTV=now ‘ “Be quiet!’

35

ubəq’təb ə u=bəq’–t–b

ə

IRR=have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS

1PL.SUB

‘ “We’ll be swallowed.’ 36

ʷubisəxʷ ʷubil–s=axʷ quiet–ALTV=now ‘ “Be quiet about him.’

37

ulabdub əxʷ u= u–lab–dxʷ–b IRR=PFV–look–DC–PASS

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You’ll be noticed.” ’ 38 xʷi ləha kʷ bəƛ’iq ti i

xʷəlu

xʷi

lə=ha kʷ

bə=ƛ’iq

ti i

NEG

NEGP=long.time

ADD=emerge

DIST

‘It isn’t long before Whale surfaced again.’

xʷəlu whale

Martha Williams Lamont

361

39 bəq’ atəb ə ti ə bəš əb bə=q’ a–t–b

ə

ADD=insult–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

‘He is insulted by Mink again.’ 40

ə id əw’ə tə xʷi ləha ə id what.happen

kʷi bədəxʷuyaw’s li ’it kʷi suƛ’iqs supə cutigʷəds

əw’ə

tə

xʷi

PTCL

NSPEC

NEG

lə=ha

kʷi

NEGP=good

REM

bə=dəxʷ= u–yaw’=s

li – ’it

kʷi

s= u–ƛ’iq=s

ADD=ADNM=PFV–proceed=3PO

PRLV–near

REM

NM=PFV–emerge=3PO

s= u–pə cut•igʷəd=s NM=PFV–spout•inside.body=3PO

‘ “Why is that no-good so-and-so constantly surfacing and spouting nearby?” ’ 41 huy gʷəl bə u ʷ huy

gʷəl

bə= u ʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=go

‘And then he goes on.’ 42 bəƛ’iq bə=ƛ’iq ADD=emerge

‘He surfaces again.’ 43 bəq’ abacəd bə=q’ a•abac–t ADD=insult•body–ICS

‘Mink insults him again.’ 44

ə əxʷ ti bə ’it tə xʷi ləha

əxʷpə cutigʷəd[s]

ə =axʷ‿ti

bə= ’it

tə

xʷi

lə=ha

ADD=near

NSPEC

NEG

NEGP=good

seemingly=now

as–dxʷ–pə cut•igʷəd–s STAT–CTD–spout•inside.body–3PO

‘ “He’s kind of close, the no-good so-and-so spouting from his insides.’ 45 yaw’ bəli ’it kʷi sucutcuts yaw’

bə=li – ’it

kʷi

s= u–cut–cut=s

only.if

ADD=PRLV–near

REM

NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘ “He is just coming closer making noises.’

362

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)

46 ləpə cut dxʷigʷigʷəd lə=pə cut

dxʷ–higʷ•igʷəd

PROG=spout

CTD–big•belly

‘ “The big-belly is spouting.” ’ 47 hay bəsucutcutəb ə ti ə

suq’ʷa

2

hay

bə=s= u–cut–cut–t–b

ə

SCONJ

ADD=NM=PFV–DSTR–say–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

suq’ʷa

PROX

younger.sibling

‘So he is spoken to by the younger cousin again.’ 48

ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’

49

ulabdub əxʷ u= u–lab–dxʷ–b

əxʷ

IRR=PFV–look–DC–PASS

2SG.SUB

‘ “You will be noticed.’ 50

əs al ti ə gʷadshuy as– al STAT–how

ti ə

gʷə=ad=s=huyu

PROX

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=made

‘ “Then what will you do?” ’ 51 huy tiləbəxʷ ukʷaˑ əd huy

tiləb=axʷ

u–kʷa –t

SCONJ

immediately=now

PFV–released–ICS

‘Then right away he lets it go.’ 52 gʷəl tiləb bə ’it ti ə

xʷəlu

gʷəl

tiləb

bə= ’it

ti ə

SCONJ

immediately

ADD=near

PROX

xʷəlu whale

‘And right away Whale approaches.’ 53 hay tiləbəxʷ əlgʷə

ubəq’təb bək’ʷ ti ə stiwat

hay

tiləb=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

immediately=now

PL

u–bəq’–t–b PFV–have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS

bək’ʷ ti ə all

PROX

__________ 2

What is heard on tape is qa ‘older sibling’, but it is clear from the context that it is the younger Tutyika who is cautioning Mink, not the other way around.

Martha Williams Lamont

363

stiwat canoe ‘So right away he abruptly swallows them canoe and all.’ 54 stiwat ti q’il’bids əlgʷə stiwat

ti

q’il’bid–s

əlgʷə

canoe

SPEC

canoe–3PO

PL

‘Their canoe was a saltwater canoe.’ 55 qadisəbəxʷ əlgʷə qad–il–s–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

behind–INCH–ALTV–PASS=now

PL

‘They are approached from behind.’ 56 gʷəl sut’utəb əlgʷə gʷəl

s= u–t’u–t–b

əlgʷə

SCONJ

NM=PFV–inhale–ICS–PASS

PL

‘They are inhaled.’ 57 gʷəl bəˑq’təb əlgʷə bək’ʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ tətyika gʷəl

bəq’–t–b

əlgʷə

bək’ʷ ti ə

s ušəbabdxʷ tətyika

SCONJ

have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS

PL

all

poor.guy

PROX

Tutyika

‘And they are swallowed, including poor Tutyika.’ 58 hay u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə cədi hay

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

go–ECS–PASS=now

ə ti ə cədi

xʷəlu

əlgʷə

ti ə

cədi

ə

PL

PROX

s/he

PR

ti ə

cədi

xʷəlu

PROX

s/he

whale

‘So they are taken by Whale.’ 59

ulu tubəxʷ əlgʷə

ə kʷi liˑl li ’it ə ti ə

ulu –txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

travel.by.water–ECS–PASS=now

PL

əs a a lil ə PR

kʷi

lil

li – ’it

REM

far

PRLV–near

as– a – a lil STAT–ATTN–live

‘They are taken far off near those who are living there.’ 60 hay gʷəl ləti tsadi əxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb hay

gʷəl

lə=ti –ts•adi =axʷ

ti ə

cədi

bəš əb

SCONJ

SCONJ

PROG=ATTN–rap•side=now

PROX

s/he

mink

‘So then Mink is tapping on the inside.’

ə PR

ti ə PROX

364

61

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)

əsluud kʷədi ƛ’udəxʷuƛ’əladi s as–lu–t STAT–hear–ICS

kʷədi

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–ƛ’əladi =s

REM.DMA

HAB=ADNM=PFV–make.noise=3PO

‘He heard a sound off yonder.’ 62

up’ayəq al kʷədi t’aq’t u–p’ayəq PFV–hew

al at

kʷədi

t’aq’t

REM.DMA

inland

‘(A person) is hewing out a canoe way up on shore.’ 63 huy əsdᶻək’ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy as–dᶻək’ʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ SCONJ

əlgʷə

STAT–wander–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘Then they have been wandered off with.’ 64 ləcutcutəxʷ lə=cut–cut=axʷ PROG=DSTR–say=now

‘(Mink) is singing.’ 65 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab

əxʷ

what

stab

2SG.SUB

what

u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS

‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 66 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab

əxʷ

what

stab

2SG.SUB

what

u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS

‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 67 ləs aciwad əd ə tə luluƛ’ xʷəluˑ ləs– ac•igʷəd

xʷəluˑ əd

PROG.STAT–centre•inside.body

xʷəlu

xʷəlu

whale

whale

xʷəluˑ ə

1SG.SUB PR

tə

lu–luƛ’

NSPEC

ATTN–old

‘♪ “I am inside Old Man Whale, Whale, Whale.” ♪’ 68 cutcutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ DSTR–say=now

‘He sang.’

xʷəlu whale

Martha Williams Lamont

365

69 lətsadi lə=ts•adi PROG=rap•side

‘He is pounding the insides (of Whale).’ 70 ləsdəkʷ al ti ə

ʷəlu

ləs–dəkʷa

al

PROG.STAT–inside

ti ə

at

ʷəlu whale

PROX

‘He is inside Whale.’ 71 xʷi gʷəs ə i d tubs əlgʷə xʷi

gʷə=s= ə id–txʷ–b=s

əlgʷə

NEG

SBJ=NM=what.happen–ECS–PASS=3PO

PL

‘Nothing has been done to them.’ 72 tu ʷ əlgʷə

uhuyutəb s ušəbabtxʷ ƛ’ub uhaydxʷ

tu ʷ əlgʷə just

u–huyu–t–b PFV–made–ICS–PASS

PL

s= ušəbab–txʷ

ƛ’ub

NM=humble–ECS

well

u–hay–dxʷ PFV–known–DC

‘But they have been made humble so they would know better.’ 73 bəluud ti i

uƛ’əladi

bə=lu–t

ti i

ADD=hear–ICS

DIST

u–ƛ’əladi PFV–make.noise

‘He hears the noise again.’ 74 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab

əxʷ

what

stab

2SG.SUB

what

u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS

‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 75 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab

əxʷ

what

stab

2SG.SUB

what

u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS

‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 76 ləs aciwad əd ə tə luluƛ’ xʷəluˑ ləs– ac•igʷəd

xʷəluˑ əd

PROG.STAT–centre•inside.body

xʷəlu

xʷəlu

whale

whale

1SG.SUB

xʷəluˑ ə PR

tə

lu–luƛ’

NSPEC

ATTN–old

‘♪ “I am inside Old Man Whale, Whale, Whale.” ♪’

xʷəlu whale

366

77

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)

aˑl kʷi ila ad ə ti əs a lil al at

kʷi

ila ad

REM

ə

side

ti

PR

as– a lil

SPEC

STAT–live

‘(They are) on the other side of those who live there.’ 78 huy dᶻu ʷatub əlgʷə ə ti ə xʷəlu huy dᶻu ʷat–txʷ–b əlgʷə ə vomit–ECS–PASS

SCONJ

PR

PL

ti ə PROX

xʷəlu whale

‘Then they are vomited up by Whale.’ 79 gʷəl cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

cut–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘And they are told,’ 80 hay əs ista hay SCONJ

udskʷa tubu əd

as– ista

u=d=s=kʷa –t–ubu əd

STAT–be.like

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=released–ICS–2PL.OBJ

‘ “So, like that I am letting you go.’ 81 xʷi əxʷ kʷi ubədsuq’əq’ abacəd xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

NEG=now

REM

u=bə=ad=s= u–q’ə–q’ •abac–t IRR=ADD=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–RDP–insult•body–ICS

‘ “Don’t insult my appearance again!” ’ 82 huˑy ayəbəxʷ ti ə bəš əb huy SCONJ

ayəb=axʷ laugh=now

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

‘Then Mink laughs.’ 83

ukʷukʷbidəxʷ ti ə tətyika. ukʷukʷ–bi–t=axʷ play–MAP–ICS=now

ti ə

tətyika

PROX

Tutyika

‘He makes fun of Tutyika.’ 84 cutcutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ DSTR–say=now

‘He says,’ 85 sa ha ha ha ha ‘ “Ah ha ha ha ha.’

Martha Williams Lamont

367

86 putəxʷ əxʷ uq’ʷ uq’ʷayul’q id tə tətyika put=axʷ

as–dxʷ– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•ay•ul’•qid

really=now

STAT–CTD–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head

tə

tətyika

NSPEC

Tutyika

‘ “Tutyika is completely bald.’ 87 putəxʷ əxʷ uq’ʷ uq’ʷayul’q id put=axʷ

as–dxʷ– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•ay•ul’•qid

really=now

STAT–CTD–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head

‘ “He is completely bald.” ’ 88 gʷəl ləcuuc ti ə tətyika gʷəl

lə=cut–c

ti ə

tətyika

SCONJ

PROG=say–ALTV

PROX

Tutyika

‘And Tutyika tells him,’ 89 day’ dᶻə day’

u əca kʷi əs uq’ʷ uq’ʷəyul’q id dᶻə u əca kʷi as– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•əy•ul’•qid

uniquely

PTCL

INT

I

STAT–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head

REM

‘ “Does it seem that I am the only one who has a bald head?’ 90 putəxʷ əxʷ əs uq’ʷqid dəxʷ uq’ʷus təš ti ə sbəq’təb ə put=axʷ really=now

as– uq’ʷ•qid

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

STAT–peeled•head

dəxʷ= uq’ʷ•us=s ADNM=peeled•face=3PO

təš

ti ə

s=bəq’–t–b

ə

misfortune

PROX

NM=have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS

1PL.PO

‘ “You are really bald, you are bald (due to) the misfortune of our being swallowed.’ 91 adsgʷa adshuyalc ti ə cəxʷhuyəxʷ əs ista ad–sgʷa

ad=s=huyu–alc

ti ə

2SG.PO–ones.own

2SG.PO=NM=made–PRDCT

PROX

d=dəxʷ=huyu=axʷ 1SG.PO=ADNM=made=now

as– ista STAT–be.like

‘ “It’s your doing that I have been made like this.” ’ 92 bə ayəb bə= ayəb ADD=laugh

‘Mink laughs some more.’ 93 sa ha ha ha ‘ “Ah ha ha ha.’

368

Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)

94 putəxʷ əxʷ uq’ʷ uq’ʷayul’qʷəd tə tətyika. put=axʷ

as–dxʷ– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•ay•ul’•qʷəd

really=now

STAT–CTD–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head

tə

tətyika

NSPEC

Tutyika

‘ “Tutyika is completely bald.” ’ 95 lə ulu əxʷ əlgʷə lə= ulu =axʷ

əlgʷə

PROG=travel.by.water=now

PL

‘They are going by canoe now.’ 96 hay aˑlil əlgʷə hay

alil

SCONJ

əlgʷə

go.ashore

PL

‘So they go ashore.’ 97 ləs ʷul’dubut ləs– ʷul’–dxʷ–but PROG.STAT–only–DC–REFL

‘They have managed to get themselves close.’ 98 gʷəl cutubu gʷəl

cut–t–ubu

SCONJ

say–ICS–1PL.OBJ

‘ “And we were spoken to.’ 99

ubəq’təb ə

ə tə xʷəlu

u–bəq’–t–b

ə

PFV–have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS

ə

1PL.SUB

PR

tə

xʷəlu

NSPEC

whale

‘ “We have been swallowed by Whale.’ 100 təš ti ə ƛ’usulabdub ə ti ə ƛ’uləcutcut təš

ti ə

ƛ’u=s= u–lab–dxʷ–b

misfortune

PROX

HAB=NM=PFV–look–DC–PASS

ə PR

ti ə PROX

ƛ’u=lə=cut–cut HAB=PROG=DSTR–say

‘ “That the talking over and over was noticed is (our) misfortune.’

ti ə

ə ti ə tusq’ədᶻu ti ə tustab cubcubəd dəxʷ= as– uq’ʷ ə ti ə tu=sq’ədᶻu ti ə

tu=stab

PROX

ADNM=STAT–peeled

PAST=what

101 ti ə dəxʷəs uq’ʷ

PR

PROX

PAST=hair

PROX

Martha Williams Lamont

369

cub–cubəd DSTR–eyebrow

‘ “This is why our hair, what were eyebrows, are peeled.” ’ 102 xʷi kʷi gʷə stabəxʷ xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=stab=axʷ

NEG

REM

SBJ=what=now

‘There is nothing left.’ 103 putəxʷ əsqʷalc put=axʷ really=now

as–qʷalc STAT–boiled

‘It is completely boiled off.’ 104 di shuys di

s=huyu=s

FOC

NM=made=3PO

‘That is the end.’ 105 di šac’ ə ti i di

šac’

FOC

finished

i xʷəlu ə

ti i

PR

DIST

i CONJ

xʷəlu whale

‘That is the end of those (fellows) and Whale.’

370

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1

ʷu’ləxʷ ulək’ʷtəb əlgʷə ʷu’l=əxʷ only=now

ə ti i whale əlgʷə

u–lək’ʷ–t–b PFV–eaten–ICS–PASS

PL

ə

ti i

whale

PR

DIST

whale

Levi Lamont: ‘They were just eaten by Whale’ 2

i ti i … i

ti i

INTJ

DIST

Martha Lamont: ‘Yes, that one ...’ 3

Levi Lamont: Well, you know now which one.

4

Yeah, tu ʷ k’ʷəli yeah

tu ʷ

k’ʷəli

yeah

just

INTJ

Martha Lamont: ‘Yeah, I sort of remember.’ 5

ləskʷi kʷədad əxʷ ti i dəxʷ a kʷ(i) adsəstabəd ləs–kʷi –kʷəda–t PROG.STAT–DSTR–taken–ICS

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

ti i

dəxʷ= a

kʷi

DIST

ADNM=be.there

REM

ad=s= as–taba–t 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–do–ICS Levi Lamont: ‘You hold (the microphone) where it is the way you are.’ 6

Levi Lamont: This is what you talk into, Ma.

7

Martha Lamont: Oh.

8

Levi Lamont: That’s a microphone.

9

Martha Lamont: Mhm.

10

Thom Hess: I can hold it, it’ll be all right, I can just keep my arm out here.

11

Thom Hess: Well, if you’d rather hold it, fine.

12

Levi Lamont: She can hold it.

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 29 July 1969, at Tulalip, WA; transcription by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess.

Martha Williams Lamont

371

13 Levi Lamont: Don’t drop it, honey. 14 Yeah ʷul’ like that u yeah

ʷul’ like

that

u

yeah

only like

that

INT

Martha Lamont: ‘Yeah, just like that?’ 15 Thom Hess: That’s fine. 16 Martha Lamont: Mhm. 17 Levi Lamont: You don’t have to be right close to it, either, you can ... 18 Martha Lamont: Mhm. 19 Levi Lamont: That’s my habit, I get it too close to my big mouth. 20 Martha Lamont: Yeah. 21 Levi Lamont: Toothless old mouth. 22 Levi Lamont: Leave Thom alone, what the hell are you looking like that ...2 23 ƛ’al’ əd ləlal’ə ƛ’al’ also

əd

ləlal’ə

1SG.SUB

reminisce

‘I (will) also recount the past.’ 24 ƛ’ubəbəliic əd ƛ’u=bə–balii–c

əd

HAB=RDP–forget–ALTV

1SG.SUB

‘I forget some of it.’ 25 tu ʷ əd ƛ’ula dxʷ tu ʷ just

əd 1SG.SUB

ƛ’u=la –dxʷ HAB=remember–DC

‘But I just remember it.’ 26 tulə ulu ti i

i tətyika

i ti ə sqas bəš əb

tu=lə= ulu

ti i

PAST=PROG=travel.by.water

DIST

i CONJ

tətyika Tutyika

i CONJ

ti ə PROX

__________ 2

This is spoken in a jocular tone and may be directed at one of the Lamonts’ dogs.

372

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

sqa–s

bəš əb

older.brother–3PO

mink

‘Tutyika and his older brother Mink are canoeing.’ 27 bəš əb ti ə sqas bəš əb

ti ə

sqa–s

mink

PROX

older.brother–3PO

‘His older brother is Mink.’ 28 gʷəl lə ulu əlgʷə gʷəl

lə= ulu

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PROG=travel.by.water

PL

‘And they are canoeing.’ 29 gʷəl lət’ilib sixʷ ti ə tətyika gʷəl

lə=t’ilib

sixʷ

ti ə

tətyika

SCONJ

PROG=sing

PTCL

PROX

Tutyika

‘And Tutyika is singing as they go along.’ 30 gʷəl t’ilib gʷəl

t’ilib

SCONJ

sing

‘And he sings.’ 31

iˑ i INTJ

‘Yes.’ 32 cutəb ə ti ə bəš əb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

ə PR

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

‘He is spoken to by Mink,’ 33

ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’

Martha Williams Lamont

373

34 xʷi gʷadsu idigʷat xʷi

gʷə=ad=s= u– idigʷat

NEG

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–say.what

‘ “Don’t say anything!’ 35

u əƛ’cəb ə ə

u= əƛ’–c–b IRR=come–ALTV–PASS

1PL.SUB

‘ “He’ll come after us.’ 36

əsqil’il k’ʷ kʷa

al ti ə

as–qil’il

k’ʷ

kʷa

QTV

PTCL

STAT–lose.child

xʷəlu al ti ə at

PROX

xʷəlu whale

‘ “They say that Whale has lost a child.’ 37

xʷəlu ti i gʷəluutubu xʷəlu whale

ti i

gʷə=lu–t–ubu

DIST

SBJ=hear–ICS–1PL.OBJ

‘ “The one who might hear us is Whale.” ’ 38 yə i əsliqʷil ha yə i

slə il

as–liqʷil

because

STAT–calm.water

ha

slə –il

good

daylight–INCH

‘Because the water is smooth, it is a good day.’ 39 put ha put

ha

really

good

‘It is really nice.’ 40

uqəliltub u–qəl–il–txʷ–b PFV–bad–INCH–ECS–PASS

‘He (Tutyika) is cautioned.’ 41 gʷəl xʷi gʷəsƛ’alabuts gʷəl

xʷi

gʷə=s=ƛ’əlabut=s

SCONJ

NEG

SBJ=NM=understand=3PO

‘But he (Tutyika) doesn’t listen.’

374

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

42 put bəcutcut put

bə=cut–cut

really

ADD=DSTR–say

‘He keeps on talking.’ 43 bəli ’it kʷi səcutcuts bə=li – ’it

kʷi

s=lə=cut–cut=s

ADD=PRLV–near

REM

NM=PROG=DSTR–say=3PO

‘The sounds draw ever closer.’ 44 cutcutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ DSTR–say=now

‘He (Whale) is making sounds.’ 45 dxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd ə ti acəc ləcutcut dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd

ə PR

CTD–make.sound•inside.body

ti acəc

lə=cut–cut

UNQ

PROG=DSTR–say

‘He is making sounds of the one who is making sounds.’ 46 yaw’ dᶻə bəli ’it kʷi sədxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəds xʷəlu yaw’ dᶻə bə=li – ’it kʷi only.if

PTCL

ADD=PRLV–near

REM

xʷəlu

s=lə=dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd=s NM=PROG=CTD–make.sound•inside.body=3PO

whale

‘The sounds being made by Whale are drawing ever closer.’ 47 ləq’ abacəd ti i

xʷəlu

lə=q’ •abac–t

ti i

PROG=insult•body–ICS

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘He (Tutyika) is insulting Whale’s appearance.’ 48

ʷubisəxʷ kʷa əd əxʷ ʷubil–s=axʷ quiet–ALTV=now

kʷa –t released–ICS

əxʷ [??]

‘ “Be quiet about him! Leave him alone!’ 49 gʷə əƛ’cəbu gʷə= əƛ’–c–bu SBJ=come–ALTV–1PL.OBJ

‘ “He might come after us.’

Martha Williams Lamont

375

50 gʷə ə id gʷə əs al ti ə gʷadshuy gʷə əƛ’cəba i gʷə= ə id

gʷə= as– al

ti ə

gʷə=ad=s=huyu

SBJ=what.happen

SBJ=STAT–how

PROX

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=made

gʷə= əƛ’–c–b=a i SBJ=come–ALTV–PASS=1PL.SBJ

‘ “What would happen, what would you do if he came after us?” ’ 51 xʷi kʷi stab gʷəds ə id xʷi

kʷi

stab

gʷə=d=s= ə id

NEG

REM

what

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=what.happen

‘ “Nothing would happen to me.’ 52

ʷul’ əd gʷəsaxʷəb dxʷt’aq’t əda gʷəbašqus kʷi gʷəds a bədsəskiis ʷul’

əd

only

1SG.SUB

gʷə=saxʷəb

dxʷ–t’aq’t

SBJ=jump

CNTRPT–inland

əda 1SG.COORD

gʷə=bə= as–šq•us

kʷi

gʷə=d=s= a

SBJ=ADD=STAT–high•head

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=be.there

bə=d=s= as–kiis ADD=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–stand

‘ “I’d just jump to shore and I’d be high on the hills where I’d be there standing.’ 53 gʷəl dəgʷi gʷəl a kʷi gʷadsudᶻaldᶻalalus xʷa gʷələ isəb xʷa gʷələkʷədatəb ə tə cədi

xʷəlu dxʷ al ad

gʷəl

dəgʷi

gʷəl

SCONJ

you

SCONJ

xʷa

a be.there

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s= u–dᶻal–dᶻal•alus

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–turn•eye

gʷə=lə= il–s–b

2SG.COORD

xʷa

SBJ=PROG=arrive–ALTV–PASS

gʷə=lə=kʷəda–t–b

ə

SBJ=PROG=taken–ICS–PASS

PR

2SG.COORD

tə

cədi

xʷəlu

NSPEC

s/he

whale

dxʷ– al

ad

CNTRPT–at

where

‘ “And you, there you’d be going from end to end (of the canoe) and he’d come up to you and Whale would grab you right where you are.’ 54

gʷəl ʷul’ əd gʷət’əba agʷil əda gʷə u ʷ gʷə u usil gʷə t’i ib gʷəl

ʷul’

SCONJ

only

əd

gʷə=t’əba –agʷil

1SG.SUB

SBJ=fallen.into.water–AUTO

gʷə= u– usil

gʷə=t’i ib

SBJ=PFV–dive

SBJ=swim

‘ “I’d just jump overboard and I’d go and dive and swim.’

əda 1SG.COORD

gʷə= u ʷ SBJ=go

376

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

55 day’ dəgʷi kʷi gʷəs istab kʷ(i) adsu u ʷ xʷa gʷələ isəb day’

dəgʷi kʷi

gʷə=s= ista –b

kʷi

ad=s= u –u ʷ

uniquely

you

SBJ=NM=be.like–MD

REM

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–go

REM

xʷa

gʷə=lə= il–s–b

2SG.COORD

SBJ=PROG=arrive–ALTV–PASS

‘ “You would just be going like that and you’d be reached.” ’ 56

u aƛ’iləxʷ əlgʷə u– aƛ’il=axʷ

əlgʷə

PFV–argue=now

PL

‘They are arguing.’ 57 tu ʷ (h)uy ucutcut tu ʷ

huy

just

SCONJ

u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

‘Then he (Tutyika) keeps on talking.’ 58

ut’ilib u–t’ilib PFV–sing

‘He sings.’ 59

ucutcut u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

‘He talks on.’ 60

uq’iq’ ad ti ə cədi

xʷəlu

u–q’i–q’ a–t PFV–ATTN–insult–ICS

ti ə

cədi

xʷəlu

PROX

s/he

whale

‘He insults Whale.’ 61

udxʷluˑq’ʷucutigʷəd ti xʷəluˑ u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body

ti SPEC

xʷəlu whale

‘♪ Whale made a noise. ♪’ 62

udxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd ti xʷəluˑhuˑˑ u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body

‘♪ Whale made a noise. ♪’

ti SPEC

xʷəlu whale

Martha Williams Lamont

63

377

ucucuuc ti i lə ulu u–cut–cut–c PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV

ti i

lə= ulu

DIST

PROG=travel.by.water

‘He speaks to the canoers.’ 64

əsdᶻaqdᶻaqad ti ə as–dᶻaq–dᶻaqa–t

xʷəlu ti ə

STAT–DSTR–mourn–ICS

xʷəlu whale

PROX

‘Whale is mourning.’ 65 tuxʷə il bəda əlgʷə tu=xʷə –il

bəda

əlgʷə

PAST=lack–INCH

offspring

PL

‘They have lost a child.’ 66

ə id ti ə bəda s əlgʷə kʷədi tudəxʷ atəbəds ə id what.happen

ti ə

bəda –s

əlgʷə

kʷədi

tu=dəxʷ= atəbəd=s

PROX

offspring–3PO

PL

REM.DMA

PAST=ADNM=die=3PO

‘What has happened to their son that he died?’ 67 gʷəlaltub u gʷəlal–txʷ–b

u

harmed–ECS–PASS

INT

‘Was he killed?’ 68 gʷəl cick’ʷ əlgʷə lə ə ə

ə

gʷəl

cick’ʷ əlgʷə

lə= ə –ə

SCONJ

very

PROG=DIM.EFF–sick

PL

ə mind

‘And they are very sad.’ 69 gʷəl (h)uy luutəbəxʷ ti ə

ut’ilib

gʷəl

huy

lu–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

SCONJ

hear–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

‘And then the one who is singing is heard.’ 70 huy dukʷtubəxʷ huy

dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

abnormal–ECS–PASS=now

‘And then he is gotten angry with.’

u–t’ilib PFV–sing

378

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

71 ƛ’uqəliltub ə ti ə cədi sqas ƛ’u=qəl–il–txʷ–b

ə

HAB=bad–INCH–ECS–PASS

PR

ti ə

cədi

sqa–s

PROX

s/he

older.brother–3PO

‘He is always warned by his older brother.’ 72

ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’

73 kʷa ədəxʷ ti i adsucutcut kʷa –t=axʷ

ti i

ad=s= u–cut–cut

released–ICS=now

DIST

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say

‘ “Leave off your chatter!” ’ 74 huy dukʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy

dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

abnormal–ECS–PASS=now

PL

‘Then they are gotten angry with.’ 75

u ʷcəbəxʷ əlgʷə u ʷ–c–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

go–ALTV–PASS=now

PL

‘They are gone after.’ 76

iš əxʷ ti i caadi iš =axʷ paddle=now

ti i

caadi

DIST

they

‘They paddle.’ 77 yə i dᶻəgʷa ha ti ə q’il’bids əlgʷə yə i dᶻəgʷa ha ti ə q’il’bid–s because

expert

good

PROX

canoe–3PO

‘Because their canoe is especially good.’ 78

ə ti ʷul’ ƛ’ulətabtəb ə ‿ti seemingly

ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=tab–taba only

HAB=PROG=DSTR–do

‘It seems that they might just do it.’

əlgʷə PL

Martha Williams Lamont

379

79 gʷəl lə u ʷ lə u ʷ gʷəl

lə= u ʷ

lə= u ʷ

SCONJ

PROG=go

PROG=go

‘And they go and go.’ 80 ha

q’il’bid

ha

q’il’bid

good

canoe

‘It is a good canoe.’ 81 xʷi xʷi wi s əlgʷə xʷi xʷi •wi –s

əlgʷə

hunt•canoe–3PO

PL

‘It is their hunting canoe.’ 82

u ʷcəbəxʷ ti i tətyika u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now

i ti i bəš əb sqas ti i

tətyika

DIST

Tutyika

i CONJ

ti i

bəš əb sqa–s

DIST

mink

‘Tutyika and his older brother Mink are gone after.’ 83

isəbəxʷ əlgʷə il–s–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

arrive–ALTV–PASS=now

PL

‘They are reached.’ 84 gʷəl saxʷəbəxʷ ti acəc gʷəl

saxʷəb=axʷ

ti acəc

SCONJ

jump=now

UNQ

‘And this one (Mink) jumps.’ 85 saxʷəbəxʷ ti ə cədi … saxʷəb=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

Sjump=now

PROX

s/he

‘And he jumps, this ...’ 86 bəš əb bəš əb mink Levi Lamont: ‘Mink.’

older.brother–3PO

380

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

87 bəš əb bəš əb mink Martha Lamont: ‘Mink.’ 88

ʷul’əxʷ ut’əba agʷil ʷul’=axʷ

u–t’əba –agʷil

only=now

PFV–fallen.into.water–AUTO

‘He just jumps overboard.’ 89

ʷul’ u u ʷ ʷul’ only

u– u ʷ PFV–go

‘He just goes.’ 90 t’əba agʷil t’əba –agʷil fallen.into.water–AUTO ‘He jumps overboard.’ 91 gʷəl a a hu xʷ ti i cədi sqigʷac gʷəl

a– a INTNS–be.there

SCONJ

u xʷ

ti i

cədi

sqigʷac

PTCL

DIST

s/he

deer

‘And that deer (i.e., Tutyika) is still there.’ 92 ləcudᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ ləcu–dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu CONT–DSTR–wander

‘He’s dithering about.’ 93

udᶻəldᶻəlyalus u–dᶻəl–dᶻəl•y•alus PFV–DSTR–turn•CNN•edge

‘He’s going from end to end (of the canoe).’ 94 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəshuydxʷs kʷi gʷəsaxʷəbs ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’uscuts xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

gʷə=s=huyu–dxʷ=s

kʷi

gʷə=s=saxʷəb=s

NEG=now

REM

SBJ=NM=made–DC=3PO

REM

SBJ=NM=jump=3PO

ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

ƛ’u=s=cut=s

same.way

PR

DIST

HAB=NM=say=3PO

‘He is not able to jump the way he always says.’

Martha Williams Lamont

381

95 tiləb dxʷ al tudi xʷqʷq’ʷus kʷi gʷəsbə s tiləb

dxʷ– al

tudi

xʷqʷəq’ʷus

kʷi

gʷə=s=bə =s

immediately

CNTRPT–at

DIST.DMA

cliff

REM

SBJ=NM=fall=3PO

‘Where he was supposed to land is right onto yonder cliff.’ 96 xʷi əxʷ gʷəshuydxʷs xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=s=huyu–dxʷ=s

NEG=now

SBJ=NM=made–DC=3PO

‘He can’t do it.’ 97

ʷul’əxʷ udᶻal’dᶻalylus ʷul’=axʷ u–dᶻal’–dᶻal•y•alus only=now

PFV–DSTR–turn•CNN•edge

‘He’s just going from end to end (of the canoe).’ 98 gʷəl ləkʷəd atəb

ə ti i cədi

xʷəlu

gʷəl

lə=kʷəda–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=taken–ICS–PASS

ə

ti i

cədi

xʷəlu

PR

DIST

s/he

whale

‘And he is taken by Whale.’ 99 gʷəl ləkʷəd atəb gʷəl

lə=kʷəda–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=taken–ICS–PASS

‘And he is taken.’ 100 gʷəl lə a aqšəditəb gʷəl

lə= a– əq•šəd–i–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=RDP–wrapped•leg–SS–ICS–PASS

‘And his legs are bound.’ 101 gʷəl ləxʷəbtəb dxʷ udəgʷi

ə ti ə caadi

gʷəl

lə=xʷəb–t–b

dxʷ– udəgʷ•gʷi

SCONJ

PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS

CTD–centre•canoe

‘And he is thrown into the middle of the canoe.’ 102 xʷəbxʷəbaxʷ dxʷ udəgʷi xʷəb–xʷəb=axʷ

dxʷ– udəgʷ•gʷi

DSTR–thrown=now

CTD–centre•canoe

‘He is thrown into the middle of the canoe.’

ə PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

382

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

103 xʷi kʷi sgʷəlaltəbs xʷi

kʷi

s=gʷəlal–t–b=s

NEG

REM

NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘He is not killed.’ 104

ʷul’ u a aqšəditəb u– a– aq•šəd–i–t–b

ʷul’ only

PFV–ATTN–wrapped•leg–SS–ICS–PASS

‘His legs are just tied.’ 105 gʷəl əsbə gʷəl

əs a aqšəd al kʷi udəgʷi as–bə

as– a– aq•šəd

STAT–fall

SCONJ

ə ti i qəlalgʷi al kʷi

STAT–ATTN–wrapped•leg

ti i

qəl•al•gʷi

DIST

bad•CNN•canoe

at

REM

udəgʷ•gʷi

ə

centre•canoe

PR

‘And he lies, feet bound, in the middle of that bad canoe.’ 106

əs əqʷ as– əqʷ STAT–wet

‘It is wet.’ 107

ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘There he is now.’

108 gʷəl aliləxʷ əlgʷə kʷi ad dəxʷu ulu s əlgʷə gʷəl

alil=axʷ

SCONJ

go.ashore=now

əlgʷə

kʷi

PL

REM

ad where

dəxʷ= u– ulu =s ADNM=PFV–travel.by.water=3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘And they go ashore at the place that they were canoeing to.’ 109

ahəxʷ əstab ti ə bəš əb a=axʷ be.there=now

as–stab STAT–what

‘And there is Mink as he is.’

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

Martha Williams Lamont

383

110 huy gəqəbaxʷ huy

gəq–b=axʷ

SCONJ

brightness–MD=now

‘Then the sun shines.’ 111 gʷəl ha iləxʷ gʷəl

ha –il=axʷ

SCONJ

good–INCH=now

‘And it becomes nice.’ 112 gʷəl gəqəbaxʷ gʷəl

gəq–b=axʷ

SCONJ

brightness–MD=now

‘And the sun shines.’ 113 q’ʷəliləxʷ q’ʷəl–il=axʷ cooked–INCH=now ‘It gets hot.’ 114 huy gʷəl bə ahahəxʷ al ti i huy

gʷəl

bə= ah–a=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=INTNS–be.there=now

al ti i at

DIST

‘And then they are there.’ 115 gʷəl (h)uy xʷu ələ bəhiwiləxʷ ti ə caadi gʷəl

huy

xʷu ələ

bə=hiwil=axʷ

ti ə

caadi

SCONJ

SCONJ

maybe

ADD=go.ahead=now

PROX

they

‘And then they must have gone on again.’ 116 gʷəl ucutcutəxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb gʷəl SCONJ

u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now

ti ə

cədi

bəš əb

PROX

s/he

mink

‘And Mink speaks.’ 117 yə i ušuucəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi sgʷəqəb yə i because

u–šu –c–b=axʷ PFV–see–ALTV–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

sgʷəqəb

PROX

s/he

sunshine

‘Because they are looked at by the sunshine.’

384

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

118 putəxʷ ƛ’ušu

ə ti i sgʷəqəb

put=axʷ

ƛ’u=šu

really=now

HAB=see

ə

ti i

sgʷəqəb

PR

DIST

sunshine

‘The sunshine is intense.’ 119 cick’ʷ dxʷsq’ʷəl dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷ as cick’ʷ

dxʷs–q’ʷəl

dxʷ– al

ti ə

dəxʷ= a=s

very

CTD–cooked

CNTRPT–at

PROX

ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘It is very hot where they are.’ 120 huy ƛ’ucut huy

ƛ’u=cut

SCONJ

HAB=say

‘Then he (Tutyika) always says,’ 121 di ti i dsəsqiq’təb ə ti acəc šixʷšixʷaǰut ti ə dsəxʷəšuucəb ə ti acəc sgʷəqəb. di FOC

ti i

d=s= as–qiq’–t–b

ə

DIST

1SG.PO=NM=STAT–confined–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

d=s= as–dxʷ–šu –c–b

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=STAT–CTD–see–ALTV–PASS

ti acəc

šixʷšixʷaǰut

UNQ

Whale’s.people

ə PR

ti acəc

sgʷəqəb

UNQ

sunshine

‘ “It is because I am confined by Whale’s people that I am looked at by this 3

sunshine.’

122 di ti ə dsəsqiq’tub di

ti ə

d=s= as–qiq’–txʷ–b

FOC

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=STAT–confined–ECS–PASS

‘ “It is because I am confined.” ’ 123 huy sya ya s stabs xʷu ələ ti i cədi ukʷə

əsgʷəqəb

huy

sya ya –s

stab–s

xʷu ələ

ti i

cədi

SCONJ

friend–3PO

what–3PO

maybe

DIST

s/he

ukʷə sun

‘Maybe that sun which shone is his friend or something of his.’ 124 ha ha good ‘It is good.’

__________ 3

The gloss of šixʷšixʷaǰut here and in (104) below is inferred from context.

as–gʷəq–b STAT–bright–MD

Martha Williams Lamont

385

125 gʷəl ə ti ƛ’ašu ti i cədi right dxʷ al ti i dəxʷ as gʷəl

ə ‿ti seemingly

SCONJ

ƛ’u= as–šu

ti i

cədi

right

dxʷ– al

ti i

HAB=STAT–see

DIST

s/he

right

CNTRPT–at

DIST

dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘And it sort of looks right toward where he is.’ 126 gʷəl ə ti put dxʷ al cədi gʷəl

ə ‿ti seemingly

SCONJ

put

dxʷ– al

cədi

really

CNTRPT–at

s/he

‘Sort of directly toward him.’ 127 huy k’ʷasabacəxʷ huy

k’ʷas•abac=axʷ

SCONJ

burned•body=now

‘Then his body gets hot.’ 128 di əxʷ ti ə ƛ’udəxʷucutcutsəxʷ ti əsqiq’ di =axʷ

ti ə

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–cut–cut=s=axʷ

ti

as–qiq’

FOC=now

PROX

HAB=ADNM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO=now

SPEC STAT–captured

‘That is why the captive would say.’ 129 di tə dsəshuyutəb dskʷədatəb ə ti ə si i ab šixʷšixʷaǰut ti ə cəxʷəšuucəb ə ti acəc sgʷəqəb di

tə

FOC

NSPEC

ə PR

d=s= as–huyu–t–b

d=s=kʷəda–t–b

1SG.PO=NM=STAT–made–ICS–PASS

1SG.PO=NM=taken–ICS–PASS

ti ə

si –i ab

šixʷšixʷaǰut

ti ə

PROX

PL–noble

Whale’s.people

PROX

d=dəxʷ= as–šu –c–b 1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–see–ALTV–PASS

ə PR

ti acəc

sgʷəqb

UNQ

sunshine

‘ “The reason I’m being looked at by this sunshine is that I’m being taken by these noble Whale people.” ’ 4

130 huy sya ya s ti i sgʷəqb huy

sya ya –s

ti i

sgʷəqb

SCONJ

friend–3PO

DIST

sunshine

‘Then the sunshine is his friend.’

__________ 4

At this point on the tape, what Mrs. Lamont says cannot be heard clearly as it is partially drowned out by Mr. Lamont’s shooing off one of the family dogs.

386

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

131 huˑy u ʷəxʷ huy

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

SCONJ

‘Then he goes.’ 132 gʷəl (h)uy bə alildubəxʷ xʷu ələ

ad

gʷəl

huy

bə= alil–dxʷ–b=axʷ

xʷu ələ

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=go.ashore–DC–PASS=now

maybe

ad where

‘And then maybe he is taken to shore somewhere.’ 133 gʷəl ahəxʷ kʷi tubəsucutcuts gʷəl

a=axʷ be.there=now

SCONJ

kʷi

tu=bə=s= u–cut–cut=s

REM

PAST=ADD=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘And there he keeps on talking.’ 134 huy tu usiləxʷ kʷa ti ə cədi huy

tu= usil=axʷ

kʷa

ti ə

cədi

SCONJ

PAST=dive=now

PTCL

PROX

s/he

‘Then he (Mink) had dived.’ 135 tu ʷul’əxʷ tulət’əbagʷil tu= ʷul’=axʷ

tu=lə=t’əba –agʷil

PAST=only=now

PAST=PROG=fallen.into.water–AUTO

‘He had just jumped overboard.’ 136 yə i ƛ’ascut kʷi tuscut ə ti i yə i

ƛ’u= as–cut

kʷi

tu=s=cut

because

HAB=STAT–say

REM

PAST=NM=say

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘Because that is what (Tutyika) said about that.’ 137

ʷul’ əd gʷə t’ab əda gʷədxʷbə əb agʷil ʷul’

əd

only

1SG.SUB

gʷə= t’ab

əda

SBJ=fall.overboard

1SG.COORD

gʷə=dxʷbə əb–agʷil SBJ=sink–AUTO

‘ “I would just go overboard and I would go under water.’ 138 liˑl ə tudi s ’ətqs kʷi gʷədsəsgʷigʷədil al ti i t’aq’t lil

ə

far PR al at

tudi DIST.DMA

s ’ətqs

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s= as–gʷi–gʷəd–il

point

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–ATTN–down–INCH

ti i

t’aq’t

DIST

inland

‘ “Way over at the point I could be sitting up from shore.’

Martha Williams Lamont

387

139 gʷəl dəgʷi gʷəl ahəxʷ sixʷ gʷadsudᶻaldᶻalalus gʷəl

dəgʷi gʷəl

SCONJ

you

a=axʷ

sixʷ

be.there=now ᶻ ᶻ gʷə=ad=s= u–d al–d al•alus SCONJ

PTCL

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–turn•eye

‘ “But you, you are there, you’d be going from end to end of the canoe.” ’ 140 t axʷ əs ista ti ə cədi sqigʷac t =axʷ

as– ista

truly=now

STAT–be.like

ti ə

cədi

sqigʷac

PROX

s/he

deer

‘In truth Deer is like that.’ 141

ʷul’əxʷ udᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ ʷul’=axʷ u–dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu only=now

PFV–DSTR–wander

‘He just dithers about.’ 142

udᶻaldᶻalylus u–dᶻal–dᶻal•y•alus PFV–DSTR–turn•CNN•edge

‘He goes from end to end.’ 143 gʷəl lə əqšaditəb gʷəl

lə= əq•šad–i–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=wrapped•leg–SS–ICS–PASS

‘And he is tied by the legs.’ 144 gʷəl ləxʷəbtəb dxʷ udəgʷi gʷəl

lə=xʷəb–t–b

dxʷ– udəgʷ•gʷi

SCONJ

PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS

CTD–centre•canoe

‘And he is thrown into the middle of the canoe.’ 145 huy u ʷtubəxʷ ə ti ə caadi huy SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

ə

go–ECS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘Then they take him.’ 146

alildubəxʷ al kʷədi dəxʷ alildubs alil–dxʷ–b=axʷ go.ashore–DC–PASS=now

al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

dəxʷ= alil–dxʷ–b=s ADNM=go.ashore–DC–PASS=3PO

‘He is taken ashore over there where he is taken ashore.’

388

147

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

a kʷ kʷi šuƛ’ a kʷ seaward

kʷi

šuƛ’

REM

tide

‘The tide is out.’ 148

əsa

al ti i

as–ha

al ti i

STAT–good

at

DIST

‘It is nice there.’ 149 gʷəl q’ʷibitəbəx gʷəl

q’ʷibi–t–b=əx

SCONJ

disembark–ICS–PASS=now

‘And he is unloaded.’ 150 gʷəl (h)uy tuk’ʷi ’itəbəxʷ ti ə cədi s ušəbabdxʷ sqigʷac gʷəl

huy

tu=k’ʷi ’i–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

s ušəbabdxʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=butchered–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

s/he

poor.guy

sqigʷac deer ‘And then poor Deer was butchered.’ 151 gʷəlaltəbəxʷ gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ harmed–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is killed.’ 152 huy gʷəl k’ʷi ’itəbəxʷ ə ti i i huy

gʷəl

k’ʷi ’i–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

butchered–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

‘And then he is butchered by them.’ 153 gʷəl (h)uy u ʷəxʷ ti ə qaha gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘And then many people go.’ 154 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go

‘They are going.’

ti ə

qah–a

PROX

INTNS–many

ti –i i PL–DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

389

155 ləbək’ʷucid ə kʷi stab gʷəqəlbida i lə=bək’ʷ•ucid

ə

PROG=scavenge•mouth

PR

ə ti ə

ubə alq

kʷi

stab

gʷə=qəlbid•a i

REM

what

SBJ=garbage•hand

ə PR

ti ə PROX

u–bə •alq PFV–fall•game

‘They are helping themselves to the refuse from the kill.’ 156 yə i huy ʷul’ lətabtəb ti ə bək’ʷ stab yə i

huy

ʷul’

because

SCONJ

only

lə=tab–taba

ti ə

bək’ʷ stab

PROG=DSTR–do

PROX

all

what

‘Because then everything is being done.’ 157

uc’ə qiwstəb ti ə cədi tusqigʷac u–c’ə qiws–t–b PFV–cut.into.pieces–ICS–PASS

ti ə

cədi

tu=sqigʷac

PROX

s/he

PAST=deer

‘The late Deer is all cut up.’ 158 huy gʷəl day’əxʷ ti ə q’ədᶻax ti ə huy

gʷəl

day’=axʷ

ti ə

q’ədᶻax

ti ə

SCONJ

SCONJ

uniquely=now

PROX

intestines

PROX

‘And then it is only the intestine (left).’ 159

ʷul’əxʷ uxʷəbtəb ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u–xʷəb–t–b PFV–thrown–ICS–PASS

‘They are just thrown away.’ 160

aha ti i q’ədᶻa ah–a INTNS–be.there

u ʷilitəb i ti i stabs t’aqʷus stabs c’ali s stabs kʷi li a q’ədᶻa u– ʷili–t–b i ti i stab–s

ti i

DIST

intestines

PFV–lost–ICS–PASS

CONJ

DIST

what–3PO

t’aqʷu–s

stab–s

c’ali –s

stab–s

kʷi

li – a

liver–3PO

what–3PO

heart–3PO

what–3PO

REM

PRLV–be.there

‘There are the intestines, and his liver, his heart, and his stuff all around there.’ 161

ahəxʷ xʷu ələ

əs ə id

a=axʷ

xʷu ələ

be.there=now

maybe

‘There perhaps it happened.’

as– ə id STAT–what.happen

390

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

162 di əxʷ kʷi s u ʷəxʷ ə ti ə cədi di =axʷ

kʷi

s= u ʷ=axʷ

ə

FOC=now

REM

NM=go=now

PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘It is this one who went.’ 163

qiǰədəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə cədi sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə sqigʷac əq•iǰ–t=axʷ wrapped•bundle–ICS=now

əlgʷə

ti ə

cədi

sxʷi xʷi –s

əlgʷə

PL

PROX

s/he

hunt–3PO

PL

sqigʷac deer ‘They bundle their game, Deer.’ 164 huy əba təbəxʷ huy

əba –t–b=axʷ backpack–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

‘Then it is backpacked.’ 165 gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ gʷəl

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now

SCONJ

‘And it is taken.’ 166 gʷəl ləq’ilitəb al kʷi dəxʷuq’ilitəbs gʷəl

lə=q’ili–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=aboard–ICS–PASS

al kʷi at

REM

dəxʷ= u–q’ili–txʷ–b=s ADNM=PFV–aboard–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘And it is put on board where it stowed on board.’ 167 huy gʷəl, huy gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi tsi acəc stab i stab huy SCONJ

gʷəl

huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

i CONJ

u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now

stab what

‘Then this one goes, this one and that one.’ 168 xʷu ələ qa ti i

u u ʷ

xʷu ələ

qa

ti i

maybe

many

DIST

‘It seems that many go.’

u– u ʷ PFV–go

PROX

cədi

tsi acəc

stab

s/he

UNQ:FEM

what

Martha Williams Lamont

169

391

uc’qʷibəxʷ ə ti i tudəxʷutab ə ti i tuk’ʷi ’ u–c’qʷib=axʷ PFV–share.in=now

ə

ti i

tu=dəxʷ= u–taba

PR

DIST

PAST=ADNM=PFV–do

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

tu= u–k’ʷi ’ PAST=PFV–butchered

‘They happen to get in on what was done, what was butchered.’ 170 huy sixʷ u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi huy

sixʷ

SCONJ

PTCL

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

‘Then he too goes.’ 171

u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi tətyika u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

cədi

tətyika

PROX

s/he

Tutyika

‘Tutyika goes.’ 172 huy gʷəl tab huy

gʷəl

tab

SCONJ

SCONJ

do

‘And then he does it.’ 173 bəgʷahəxʷ t s i ə bəp’ip’uay’ bə=gʷa=axʷ

tsi ə

bə=p’i–p’uay’

ADD=accompany=now

PROX:FEM

ADD=ATTN–flounder

‘Little Flounder also goes along.’ 174 t s i ə bəli a tsi ə

bə=li – a

PROX:FEM

ADD=PRLV–be.there

‘She is around there too.’ 175 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go

‘She goes.’ 176 xʷi əxʷ kʷa gʷəstabəxʷ xʷi =axʷ

kʷa

gʷə=stab=axʷ

NEG=now

PTCL

SBJ=what=now

‘There isn’t anything.’

392

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

177 di ti ə q’ədᶻa ti i

a

di

ti ə

q’ədᶻa

FOC

PROX

intestines

ti i DIST

a be.there

‘It is the intestines that are there.’ 178

u ʷəxʷ cədi tətyika u ʷ=axʷ cədi go=now

s/he

i kʷi stabəs i ti ə cədi

tətyika

i

Tutyika

CONJ

ay’əds

kʷi

stab=as

i

REM

what=3SBRD

CONJ

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

ay’əd–s companion–3PO ‘Tutyika goes and someone else and his friend.’ 179 gʷəl day’əxʷ ti ə q’ədᶻa ti ə gʷəl

day’=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

uniquely=now

PROX

i CONJ

ukʷədxʷ əlgʷə i kʷədi bastabəs xʷu ələ q’ədᶻa ti ə u–kʷəda–dxʷ əlgʷə intestines

PFV–taken–DC

PROX

kʷədi

bə= as–stab=as

xʷu ələ

REM.DMA

ADD=STAT–what=3SBRD

maybe

PL

‘And they manage to get only the intestines and maybe some other things.’ 180 gʷəl di əxʷ u i ʷitəb ti ə q’ədᶻa gʷəl

di =axʷ FOC=now

SCONJ

ə ti ə cədi

u– i ʷi–t–b PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS

ti ə

q’ədᶻa

PROX

intestines

ə PR

ti ə PROX

cədi s/he ‘These intestines of his are thrown away.’ 181 gʷəl day’əxʷ ti ə sc’ali

i kʷi stab xʷu ələ t’aqʷu

gʷəl

day’=axʷ

ti ə

sc’ali

SCONJ

uniquely=now

PROX

heart

i CONJ

kʷi

stab

xʷu ələ

t’aqʷu

REM

what

maybe

liver

‘And there is only the heart and perhaps the liver.’ 182 di tu a di

tu= a

FOC

PAST=be.there

‘That is what is there.’ 183 stab kʷi c’əbəbid stab

kʷi

c’əbəbid

what

REM

[??]

‘What ...’

Martha Williams Lamont

184 di

393

ukʷədad ti ə sqigʷəc

di FOC

u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS–PASS

ti ə

sqigʷəc

PROX

deer

‘He takes Deer.’ 185 sqigʷəc u stab xʷəlu sqigʷəc deer

u

stab

INTJ

what

xʷəlu whale

‘Deer, or what is it? Whale.’ 186 huy u ʷtxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

əlgʷə

u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS

PL

‘Then they take it.’ 187

ə ƛ’axʷ tsi ə p’uay’ əƛ’=axʷ come=now

tsi ə

p’uay’

PROX:FEM

flounder

‘Flounder comes.’ 188 gʷəl huy c’qʷibəxʷ ə ti ə gʷəl

huy

c’qʷibəxʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

share.in=now

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘And then she gets a share of it.’ 189

ubək’ʷucidəxʷ ə ti i tuq’ədᶻa u–bək’ʷ•ucid=axʷ PFV–scavenge•mouth=now

ə ti i sqigʷac

ə

ti i

tu=q’ədᶻa

PR

DIST

PAST=intestines

‘She helps herself to the intestines of Deer.’ 190 di əxʷ ukʷədad di =axʷ FOC=now

u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS

‘That is what she takes.’ 191 yə i day’əxʷ əsbə yə i

day’=axʷ

because

uniquely=now

as–bə STAT–fall

‘Because that is all that is lying there.’

ə

ti i

sqigʷac

PR

DIST

deer

394

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

192 huy gʷəl əba ədəxʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now

‘And then she backpacks it.’ 193

qiǰədəxʷ əq•iǰ–t=axʷ wrapped•bundle–ICS=now ‘She wraps it up.’

194 gʷə(l) ləs əba ədəxʷ gʷəl

ləs– əba –t=axʷ

SCONJ

PROG.STAT–backpack–ICS=now

‘And she backpacks it.’ 195

əba təbəxʷ ə tsi ə s ušəbabdxʷ u s tab əba –t–b=axʷ backpack –ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

tsi ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

PROX:FEM

poor.guy

u

stab

INTJ

what

‘It is backpacked by that unfortunate, who is it?’ 196 p’uay’ p’uay’ flounder Levi Lamont: ‘Flounder.’ 197 p’uay’ p’uay’ flounder Martha Lamont: ‘Flounder.’ 198 gʷəl lə adᶻqdub ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə gʷəl lə= adᶻq–dxʷ–b ə ti ə SCONJ

PROG=meet–DC–PASS

PR

‘And she is met by Changer.’ 199 yə i əscutəbəxʷ yə i because

as–cut–t–b=axʷ STAT–say–ICS–PASS=now

‘Because it is said.’

PROX

cədi

dukʷibə

s/he

Changer

Martha Williams Lamont

395

200 lə ibəš kʷi dukʷibə lə= ibəš

kʷi

dukʷibə

PROG=travel

REM

Changer

‘Changer is walking.’ 201 lə ibəšəxʷ lə= ibəš=axʷ PROG=travel=now

‘He is walking now.’ 202 lə u ʷcəxʷ kʷi bək’ʷ gʷat al ti ə

əs a lil

lə= u ʷ–c=axʷ

kʷi

bək’ʷ gʷat

PROG=go–ALTV=now

REM

all

who

al at

ti ə PROX

‘He is going after everyone who dwells.’ 203 huy huy SCONJ

isəb il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS

‘Then she is reached.’ 204 gʷəl ləcutəb tsi ə cədi p’uay’ gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

tsi ə

cədi

p’uay’

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

PROX:FEM

s/he

flounder

‘And Flounder is spoken to.’ 205 stab ti ə adsəs əba p’uay’ stab

ti ə

ad=s= as– əba

p’uay’

what

PROX

2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack

flounder

‘ “What are you backpacking, Flounder?” ’ 206 stab si ab stab kʷi tu ʷ əd əsbək’ʷ stab

si ab

stab

tu ʷ

what

noble

what

just

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “What, Sir, what am I scavenging?’ 207

əsbək’ʷucid ə ti acəc as–bək’ʷ•ucid STAT–scavenge•mouth

ə PR

ti acəc UNQ

‘ “I just helped myself to these.’

as–bək’ʷ STAT–scavenge

as– a lil STAT–live

396

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

208 q’ədᶻa q’ədᶻa

ə ti i tusqigʷac ti ə dsbək’ʷucid

intestines

ə

ti i

tu=sqigʷac

ti ə

d=s=bək’ʷ•ucid

PR

DIST

PAST=deer

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=scavenge•mouth

‘ “What I helped myself to are the intestines of the late Deer.” ’ 209 tsi ə p’uay’ ƛ’asbək’ʷucid tsi ə

p’uay’

ƛ’u= as–bək’ʷ•ucid

PROX:FEM

flounder

HAB=STAT–scavenge•mouth

‘Flounder helps herself to it.’ 210 tu ʷəxʷ u i ʷitəb tu ʷ=axʷ just=now

u– i ʷi–t–b PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS

‘It had just been thrown away.’ 211 qəlbid qəlbid waste ‘It is refuse.’ 212 gʷəl di dsəsbək’ʷucid ti ə q’ədᶻa gʷəl

di

SCONJ

FOC

ə t(i) sqigʷac

d=s= as–bək’ʷ•ucid

ti ə

q’ədᶻa

1SG.PO=NM=STAT–scavenge•mouth

PROX

intestines PR

ti

sqigʷac

SPEC

deer

ə

‘ “And it is the intestines of Deer that I got in on.’ 213

uˑ u INTJ

‘ “Oh.” ’ 214

ʷul’əxʷ ucutəb tsi ə cədi ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘She is just spoken to.’ 215 ƛ’ubəxʷ ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa tsi i dəgʷi p’uay’ ƛ’ub=axʷ ʷul’=axʷ u=ad–q’ədᶻa well=now

only=now

IRR=2SG.PO–intestines

tsi i

dəgʷi

p’uay’

DIST:FEM

you

flounder

‘ “You, Flounder, should have these intestines as yours.’

Martha Williams Lamont

216

397

ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa ti i q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ u=ad–q’ədᶻa only=now

ə ti i tusqigʷac

IRR=2SG.PO–intestines

ti i

q’ədᶻa

DIST

intestines

ə

ti i

tu=sqigʷac

PR

DIST

PAST=deer

‘ “The intestines of the late Deer will just be your intestines.’ 217

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uhuyud adq’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ

əxʷ

only=now

ad–q’ədᶻa

u=huyu–t

2SG.SUB

IRR=made–ICS

2SG.PO–intestines

‘ “You will just make them your intestines.’ 218

u a al ti i adsəs əba əd u= a

al

IRR=be.there

at

ti i

ad=s= as– əba –t

DIST

2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack–ICS

‘ “There they will be where you are backpacking them.” ’ 219 yə i əs əba əd al ti yə i

as– əba –t

because

al ti

STAT–backpack–ICS

at

SPEC

‘Because she is backpacking them here.’ 220 gʷəl di

al ti i

gʷəl

di

SCONJ

FOC

ilabac ə ti i cəqapsəbs ti i s a ə ti i ƛ’uq’ədᶻa s tsi i p’uay’ al ti i at

s= a NM=be.there

il•abac

ə

ti i

side•body

cəqapsəb–s ti i

ə

ti i

PR DIST ƛ’u=q’ədᶻa –s

PR

DIST

HAB=intestines–3PO

DIST

neck–3PO

DIST

tsi i

p’uay’

DIST:FEM

flounder

‘Where the intestines of Flounder are is at the side of her neck.’ 221

əbil’əxʷ ƛ’u i ’itəb əbil’=axʷ perhaps=now

ƛ’u= i ’i–t–b HAB=cut–ICS–PASS

‘When they cut them out.’ 222 gʷəl tiləb di dxʷ al ƛ’uxʷəctəb ti i q’ədᶻa s gʷəl

tiləb immediately q’ədᶻa –s

SCONJ

di

dxʷ– al

ƛ’u=xʷəc–t–b

ti i

FOC

CNTRPT–at

HAB=removed–ICS–PASS

DIST

intestines–3PO ‘It is from just there that the intestines are always removed.’

398

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

ti i q’ədᶻa

223 ha ha

ti i

ə tsi i cədi p’uay’ q’ədᶻa ə tsi i

good

DIST

intestines

PR

DIST:FEM

cədi

p’uay’

s/he

flounder

‘The intestines of Flounder are nice.’ 224 put ha

ʷiqʷəq’ʷ

put

ha

really

good

ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ colour–white

‘They are very nice and white.’ 225 yə i huy gʷə sqigʷac yə i

huy

gʷə

sqigʷac

because

SCONJ

ASSC

deer

‘Because they are Deer’s (intestines).’ 226

ʷul’əxʷ ucutəb ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS

‘She is just spoken to.’ 227

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uhuyud q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əxʷ

q’ədᶻa

u=huyu–t

2SG.SUB

IRR=made–ICS

intestines

‘ “You will just make them your intestines.’ 228 yə i əxʷ uxʷi əxʷ ləha kʷ dxʷ al u il kʷi ’itəxʷ aci talbixʷ yə i

əxʷ

because

2SG.SUB

kʷi

u=xʷi =axʷ IRR=NEG=now

’it=axʷ

REM

lə=ha kʷ

dxʷ– al

NEGP=long.time

CNTRFG–at

aci talbixʷ

near=now

people

‘ “Because it will not be long for you until the nearby people arrive.’ 229

uhuyutəbəxʷ aci talbixʷ al ti u=huyu–t–b=axʷ

aci talbixʷ

IRR=made–ICS–PASS=now

people

al at

ti SPEC

‘ “People will be made here.’ 230 gʷəl uha gʷəl SCONJ

əxʷ us ə əd dəgʷi sqigʷac u=ha

IRR=good

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

u=s– ə əd IRR=food

‘ “And you, Deer, will be good food.’

dəgʷi

sqigʷac

you

deer

u= il IRR=arrive

Martha Williams Lamont

231

399

uha dali əd əxʷ ə kʷi aci talbixʷ ’it dəxʷə əƛ’ s u=ha –t•ali əd

əxʷ

IRR=good–ICS•food

ə

2SG.SUB

kʷi

PR

REM

aci talbixʷ people

’it near

dəxʷ=lə= əƛ’=s ADNM=PROG=come=3PO

‘ “You will be good food for the people nearby who are coming.’ 232 gʷəl di adq’ədᶻa tsi i ƛ’al’ ubas ulə gʷəl di u=ad–q’ədᶻa tsi i SCONJ

FOC

IRR=2SG.PO–intestines

ƛ’al’

DIST:FEM

also

u=bə=s= as– ulə IRR=ADD=NM=STAT–gather

‘ “And what will be gathered will be your intestines.’ 233 yə i ha yə i

ha

because

good

‘ “Because they are good.’ 234 huy gʷə p’uay’ ti i adsəs əba huy

gʷə

p’uay’

ti i

ad=s= as– əba

SCONJ

ASSC

flounder

DIST

2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack

‘ “For they are Flounder’s (intestines) that you are backpacking.” ’ 235 gʷə p’uay’ yuhu u da xʷ gʷə sqigʷəc gʷə

p’uay’

yuhu u

da xʷ

gʷə

sqigʷəc

ASSC

flounder

INTJ

INTJ

ASSC

deer

‘Belonging to Flounder, that is, belonging to Deer.’ 236 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi ə p’uay’ huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

tsi ə

p’uay’

PROX:FEM

flounder

‘Then Flounder goes.’ 237

i ʷitəbəxʷ i ʷi–t–b=axʷ thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now ‘She is thrown.’

400

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

238 gʷəl uˑ ʷ gʷəl

u ʷ go

SCONJ

‘And she goes.’ 239 t’i ib dxʷgʷədalqʷu

ə ti i qʷu

t’i ib

dxʷ–gʷəd•al–qʷu

swim

CTD–down•CNN–water

ə

ti i

qʷu

PR

DIST

water

‘She swims under the water.’ 240

a kʷ kʷi šuƛ’ a kʷ seaward

kʷi

šuƛ’

REM

tide

‘The tide is way out.’ 241 ha

əšuƛ’

ha

as–šuƛ’

good

STAT–tide

‘It is a good low tide.’ 242 huy u ʷ huy

u ʷ go

SCONJ

‘Then she goes.’ 243 cutəbəxʷ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now ‘She is spoken to.’ 244

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ u atxʷ tsi i q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

ə tsi i sqigʷac

u= a–txʷ IRR=be.there–ECS

tsi i

q’ədᶻa

DIST:FEM

intestines PR

sqigʷac deer ‘ “You will just have those intestines of Deer there.’ 245

uha

us ə əd

u=ha IRR=good

u=s ə əd IRR=food

‘ “They will be good food.’

ə

tsi i DIST:FEM

Martha Williams Lamont

246

401

us ə əd ə kʷi aci talbixʷ ’itəxʷ lə əƛ’ u=s ə əd

ə

IRR=food

kʷi

PR

aci talbixʷ

’it=axʷ

people

REM

lə= əƛ’

near=now

PROG=come

‘ “They will be food for the nearby people who are coming.’ 247

us aygʷasəxʷ ti bək’ʷ stab u=s= ay’•gʷas=s=axʷ IRR=NM=change•pair=3PO=now

tə

bək’ʷ

stab

NSPEC

all

what

‘ “Everything will be changed.” ’ 248 hay u ʷ tsi i cədi hay

u ʷ tsi i

SCONJ

go

cədi

DIST:FEM

s/he

‘So she goes.’ 249 gʷəl bələ əy’dub xʷu ələ kʷədi tustabəs gʷəl

bə=lə= əy’–dxʷ–b

xʷu ələ

kʷədi

tu=stab=as

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=find–DC–PASS

maybe

REM.DMA

PAST=what=3SBRD

‘And maybe something else was found.’ 250 di

u ti i stab kʷədi tu əy’dub stabəs kʷədi tubəsəs əba s

di FOC

u

ti i

INT

DIST

stab

kʷədi

tu= əy’–dxʷ–b

stab=as

what

REM.DMA

PAST=find–DC–PASS

what=3SBRD

kʷədi

tu=bə=s= as– əba =s

REM.DMA

PAST=ADD=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO

‘Was it something else that was found when she was backpacking?’ 251 gʷəl di əxʷ tukʷəd atəb gʷəl

di =axʷ

tu=kʷəda–t–b

SCONJ

FOC=now

PAST=taken–ICS–PASS

‘And that was taken.’ 252 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ tucutəb gʷəl SCONJ

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS

‘And it was just said.’ 253

ʷul’əxʷ us ə əds usq’ʷəlbs ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u=s ə əd–s IRR=food–3PO

u=s=q’ʷəl–b=s IRR=NM=cooked–CSMD=3PO

‘It will just be their food, their cooking.’

402

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

254 hay huyiləxʷ s ušəbabdxʷ ti tuc’qʷib hay

huyu–il=axʷ

s ušəbabdxʷ

ti

tu= u–c’qʷib

SCONJ

made–INCH=now

poor.guy

SPEC

PAST=PFV–share.in

‘So those who got in on (the butchering of Deer) became unfortunate.’ 255 huy ušəbabdxʷ ti i cədi tuxʷi xʷi huy SCONJ

ušəbabdxʷ poor.dear

ə ti i i

ti i

cədi

tu= u–xʷi xʷi

DIST

s/he

PAST=PFV–hunt

ə

ti –i i

PR

PL–DIST

kʷi

tu=stab

bəš əb

REM

PAST=what

mink

‘Then those who had hunted him were unfortunate.’ 256 huy gʷəl u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

go=now

PL

‘And then they go.’ 257 gʷəl (h)uy q’ʷəlbaxʷ xʷu ələ

ə kʷi tustab bəš əb

gʷəl

huy

q’ʷəl–b=axʷ

xʷu ələ

ə

SCONJ

SCONJ

cooked–CSMD=now

maybe

PR

‘And then perhaps the late Mink is cooked.’ 258 q’ʷəlbaxʷ ə ti ə səsc’qʷibs q’ʷəl–b=axʷ

ə

cooked–CSMD=now

PR

ti ə

s= as–c’qʷib=s

PROX

NM=STAT–share.in=3PO

‘What they get in on is cooked.’ 259 tugʷə ti ə cədi tu əy’dxʷ tubiac tu=gʷə

ti ə

cədi

tu= əy’–dxʷ

tu=biac

PAST=ASSC

PROX

s/he

PAST=find–DC

PAST=meat

‘It was their meat that had been found.’ 260 tuhuydxʷ tu=huyu–dxʷ PAST=made–DC

‘They managed it.’ 261

ʷul’əxʷ bəq’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now

bə=q’ədᶻa ADD=intestines

‘It is just more intestines.’

Martha Williams Lamont

403

262 p’aƛ’aƛ’əxʷ p’aƛ’aƛ’=axʷ worthless=now ‘It is nothing of value.’ 263 di tugʷə ti i

i sqigʷac i ti ə cədi bəš əb ti ə tuqəliltub ti ə bəš əb

di

tu=gʷə

ti i

FOC

PAST=ASSC

DIST

i –sqigʷac

i

PRTV–deer

CONJ

ti ə

cədi

bəš əb ti ə

PROX

s/he

mink

tu= u–qəl–il–txʷ–b

ti ə

bəš əb

PAST=PFV–bad–INCH–ECS–PASS

PROX

mink

‘They belonged to Deer and Mink, who had been warned to stop,’ 264 xʷi kʷ(i) adsut’ilib xʷi

kʷi

ad=s= u–t’ilib

NEG

REM

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing

‘ “Don’t sing!’ 265 xʷi kʷ(i) adsuǰu il xʷi

kʷi

ad=s= u–ǰu il

NEG

REM

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–enjoy

‘ “Don’t celebrate!’ 266

əsqil’il k’ʷə ti i as–qil’il STAT–lose.child

i

xʷəlu

k’ʷə

ti i

QTV

DIST

i

xʷəlu

CONJ

whale

‘ “It is said that Whale has lost a child.’ 267

əsqil’il as–qil’il STAT–lose.child

‘ “He has lost a child.’ 268

ʷubil ʷubil quiet ‘ “Be quiet!” ’

269 xʷi gʷəsƛ’əlabut ə ti ə bəš əb xʷi

gʷə=s=ƛ’əlabut

NEG

SBJ=NM=understand

‘He wouldn’t listen to Mink.’

ə PR

ti ə

bəš əb

PROX

mink

PROX

404

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

270 bəcutcut bə=cut–cut ADD=DSTR–say

‘He chatters some more.’ 271 bət’ilib bə=t’ilib ADD=sing

‘He sings some more.’ 272 ti ə tudəxʷuləbdxʷsəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ ti ə

tu=dəxʷ= ʷul’ab–dxʷ=s=axʷ

ti ə

s ušəbabdxʷ

PROX

PAST=ADNM=same.way–DC=3PO=now

PROX

poor.guy

‘This is how he got this unfortunate one (i.e., Mink) involved.’ 273 tugʷəlaltəbəxʷ tu=gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS=now

‘He was killed.’ 274

ʷadᶻatəbəxʷ əlgʷə ʷadᶻa–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

annihilate–ICS–PASS=now

PL

‘They are annihilated.’ 275 gʷa di əxʷ ti ə dukʷibə ti ə

u is əlgʷə

gʷa

di =axʷ

ti ə

dukʷibə

ti ə

INTJ

FOC=now

PROX

Changer

PROX

u– il–s PFV–arrive–ALTV

əlgʷə PL

‘And it is Changer who comes upon them.’ 276

ʷul’əxʷ ucutəbəxʷ ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u–cut–t–b=axʷ PFV–say–ICS–PASS=now

‘They are just told.’ 277 gʷəl us is istə kʷi adsəshuy dəgʷi sqigʷac gʷəl

u=s= is– istə

SCONJ

IRR=NM=DSTR–be.like

kʷi REM

sqigʷac deer ‘ “This is how you will become, Deer.’

u=ad=s= as–huyu IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–made

dəgʷi you

Martha Williams Lamont

405

278 tiləb di tudi di i t’aq’t kʷi adsəskiis tiləb

di

tudi

di –i

t’aq’t

kʷi

immediately

FOC

DIST.DMA

INTNS–side

inland

REM

u=ad=s= as–kiis IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–stand

‘ “You will be standing directly over there inland.’ 279

us ə əd əxʷ ə kʷi ’itəxʷ aci talbixʷ u=s– ə əd

əxʷ

IRR=food

ə

2SG.SUB

PR

kʷi

’it=axʷ

aci talbixʷ

near=now

REM

people

‘ “You will be food for the people near at hand.’ 280 dəgʷi p’uay’

ʷul’əxʷ

adq’ədᶻa

ti i

q’ədᶻa

ə sqigʷac

əs atxʷ

əxʷ

adsəs əba dəgʷi p’uay’ you

u=ad–q’ədᶻa

ʷul’=axʷ

flounder

only=now

IRR=2SG.PO–intestines

as– a–txʷ

sqigʷac deer

əxʷ

STAT–be.there–ECS

2SG.SUB

ti i

q’ədᶻa

DIST

intestines

ə PR

ad=s= as– əba 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack

‘ “You, Flounder, your intestines will be the intestines of Deer, which you will have right there where you backpack them.’ 281

ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa u=ad–q’ədᶻa

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

IRR=2SG.PO–intestines

‘ “They will just be your intestines.” ’ 282 hay gʷə əxʷ sqigʷac ti i q’ədᶻa hay

gʷə =axʷ

sqigʷac

ə tsi i p’uay’ ti i q’ədᶻa

SCONJ

ASSC=now

deer

DIST

intestines

ə PR

‘So, the intestines of Flounder are Deer’s (intestines).’ 283

ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘There she is.’

284 xʷəxʷəbtəbaxʷ dxʷ a kʷ xʷə–xʷəb–t–b=axʷ

dxʷ– a kʷ

ATTN–thrown–ICS–PASS=now

CNTRPT–seaward

‘She is tossed down to the water.’

tsi i

p’uay’

DIST:FEM

flounder

406

Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)

285 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl

u ʷ go

SCONJ

‘And she goes.’ 286

usil tsi i p’uay’ usil dive

tsi i

p’uay’

DIST:FEM

flounder

‘Flounder dives.’ 287

u u ʷ

al ti i

u– u ʷ

al

PFV–go

at

ia ti i

sand i –ha

DIST

sand

PRTV–good

sand

‘She goes into some good sand.’ 288

u a kʷi ads a u= a

kʷi

IRR=be.there

u=ad=s= a

REM

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.there

‘ “There is where you will be.” ’ 289 sgʷistalb ti i udəxʷəšə səxʷ al al sgʷistalb

ti i

sand

DIST

ə tsi i cədi p’uay’

u=dəxʷ= as–šə =s=axʷ IRR=ADNM=STAT–make=3PO=now

cədi

p’uay’

s/he

flounder

al al

ə

house

PR

tsi i DIST:FEM

‘The sand is where Flounder will make house.’ 290 dəxʷsgʷa səxʷ gʷə əxʷ sqigʷac ti ə

q’ədᶻa

ə tsi acəc p’uay’

ə tə

ƛ’usuk’ʷi ’itəbs dəxʷ=s=gʷa =s=axʷ

gʷə =axʷ

sqigʷac

ti ə

q’ədᶻa

ADNM=NM=ones.own=3PO=now

ASSC=now

deer

PROX

intestines PR

tsi acəc

p’uay’

UNQ:FEM

flounder

ə PR

tə

ƛ’u=s= u–k’ʷi ’i–t–b=s

NSPEC

HAB=NM=PFV–butchered–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘That’s why Flounder has Deer intestines when she is butchered.’ 291 put ha

ti ƛ’uq’ədᶻa s

put

ha

ti

ƛ’u=q’ədᶻa –s

really

good

SPEC

HAB=intestines–3PO

‘Her intestines are very nice.’

ə

Martha Williams Lamont

407

292 ti i i ƛ’usəshuy ə tusyəyəhub gʷə kʷədi tuha kʷ tusəshuy ti –i i

ƛ’u=s= as–huyu

PL–DIST

HAB=NM=STAT–made

ə

tu=syəyəhub

gʷə

kʷədi

PR

PAST=legend

ASSC

REM.DMA

tu=ha kʷ

tu=s= as–huyu

PAST=long.time

PAST=NM=STAT–made

‘Thus were told the stories of the way things were long ago.’ 293 dᶻixʷ aci talbixʷ tuhuyutəb dᶻixʷ aci talbixʷ tu= u–huyu–t–b first

people

PAST=PFV–made–ICS–PASS

‘At first they were made as people.’ 294 gʷəl tulədukʷutəbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə ti ə dukʷibə

gʷəl

tu=lə=dukʷu–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

PAST=PROG=abnormal–ICS–PASS=now

PL

ə PR

ti ə

dukʷibə

PROX

Changer

‘And they were changed by Changer.’ 295 ləhuyutəbəxʷ əlgʷə sdukʷ lə=huyu–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

s–dukʷu

PROG=made–ICS–PASS=now

PL

NP–abnormal

‘They are made into nobodies.’ 296 di shuys shuys di

s=huyu=s

s=huyu=s

FOC

NM=made=3PO

NM=made=3PO

Levi Lamont: ‘That’s the end, the end.’ 297 yeah di shuys ti acəc də ’u syəyəhub di

s=huyu=s

ti acəc

də ’u

syəyəhub

FOC

NM=made=3PO

UNQ

one

legend

Martha Lamont: ‘Yeah, that is the end of this one story.’ 298 di əxʷ əd day’ ə ti ƛ’asla dxʷ di =axʷ FOC=now

əd 1SG.SUB

day’ uniquely

‘That is all I seem to remember.’

ə ‿ti seemingly

ƛ’u= as–la –dxʷ HAB=STAT–remember–DC

408

Coyote and His Daughter

Coyote and His Daughter as told by Martha Lamont1 1

əs a lil ti i

aci talbixʷ dəxʷ a ə ti acəc sbiaw

as– a lil

ti i

STAT–live

DIST

aci talbixʷ

dəxʷ= a

people

ə

ADNM=be.there

PR

ti acəc

sbiaw

UNQ

coyote

‘People are living where Coyote is.’ 2

ə b sbəda

ə tsi ə s adəy

as–bəs–bəda

ə

STAT–PROP–offspring

PR

tsi ə

s adəy

PROX:FEM

woman

‘He has a daughter.’ 3

haˑy cutəxʷ ti ə sbiaw huy əs ə hay

cut=axʷ

ti ə

sbiaw

huy

SCONJ

say=now

PROX

coyote

SCONJ

as– STAT–sick

‘So, Coyote says he is sick’ 4

a kʷi tubšədəd əxʷ agʷəb a be.there

kʷi

tubšədəd

REM

Sahaptin

as–dxʷ– a kʷ–ab STAT–CNTRPT–seaward–DSD

‘There is a Sahaptin who wants to come to the coast.’ 5

ubs əgʷasbid tsi ə bəda s u=bəs– əgʷas–bi–t IRR=PROP–wife–MAP–ICS

tsi ə

bəda –s

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO

‘He will marry (Coyote’s) daughter.’ 6

gʷəl cuuc ti ə

iišəds

gʷəl

cut–c

ti ə

SCONJ

say–ALTV

PROX

iišəd–s relatives–3PO

‘And he tells his family,’ 7

əbil’ əd u atəbəd əbil’ perhaps

əd 1SG.SUB

u= atəbəd IRR=die

‘ “If I should die,’

__________ 1

Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 50B) (date and place unknown); transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998).

Martha Williams Lamont

8

409

xʷi kʷi sxʷaacləp tsi stalə ləp xʷi

kʷi

s=xʷaac=lap

tsi

stalə –ləp

NEG

REM

NM=deny=2PL.PO

SPEC:FEM

niece–2PL.PO

‘ “Don’t deny your niece.’ 9

ƛ’ub ələp ubiqʷid ƛ’ub well

ələp

u–biqʷi–t

2PL.SUB

PFV–loosened–ICS

‘ “You guys should permit her.’ 10 gʷəl ƛ’ub u u ʷ dxʷ al ti i kʷi ti tubšədəd gʷəl

ƛ’ub

SCONJ

well

u– u ʷ PFV–go

dxʷ– al

ti i

kʷi

ti

tubšədəd

CNTRPT–at

DIST

REM

SPEC

Sahaptin

‘ “And she should go to that Sahaptin.’ 11

u a kʷ u= a kʷ IRR=go.shoreward

‘ “He will come to the coast.’ 12

əliqsəxʷ əd as atəbəd əliqs=axʷ even.if=now

əd

u= as– atəbəd

1SG.SUB

IRR=STAT–die

‘ “Even if I will have died,’ 13 ƛ’ub u u ʷ ƛ’ub well

u– u ʷ PFV–go

‘ “She should go.’ 14

ubəs ’istxʷ u–bəs– ’istxʷ PFV–PROP–husband

‘ “She (should) have a husband.” ’ 15 cutəb ə ti ə

iišəds

cut–t–b

ə

say–ICS–PASS PR

ti ə PROX

iišəd–s relatives–3PO

‘He is spoken to by his relatives,’

410

Coyote and His Daughter

16 ƛ’uˑb ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’ 17 ti ə sbiaw ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote.’ 18 huy əs ə huy SCONJ

as– STAT–sick

‘Then he is sick.’ 19 hagʷəxʷ əs ə ha kʷ=axʷ long.time=now

as– STAT–sick

‘He is sick for a long time.’ 20 qa ti ə

aci talbixʷ q’ʷu a ads

qa

ti ə

many

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

q’ʷu •a ad–s gathered•side–3PO

‘There are a lot of people, his neighbours.’ 21 qa qa many ‘A lot.’ 22 hikʷ əs a lil hikʷ big

as– a lil STAT–live

‘Many live there.’ 23 haˑy ahəxʷ hay SCONJ

a=axʷ be.there=now

‘So there he is.’

Martha Williams Lamont

24

411

əs ə adad ti ə sbiaw as– ə adad STAT–be.gravely.ill

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote is gravely ill.’ 25

iˑ xʷu ələ i

əs ə id ti i səs ə s

xʷu ələ

as– ə id

maybe

CONJ

STAT–what.happen

ti i

s= as– =s

DIST

NM=STAT–sick=3PO

‘Indeed, Coyote is sick for quite some time, I guess.’ 26 hay tiləbəxʷ kʷi s atəbədsəxʷ hay

tiləb=axʷ

kʷi

s= atəbəd=s=axʷ

SCONJ

immediately=now

REM

NM=die=3PO=now

‘So, his death comes suddenly.’ 27

atəbəd ti ə sbiaw atəbəd die

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote dies.’ 28 tucut kʷa tu=cut

kʷa

PAST=say

PTCL

‘However, he had said,’ 29 ƛ’ub

ələp ləs ədyic ə kʷi s ə əd i kʷi qəl

stab ušə tubšləp sgʷa ƛ’ub

ələp

well

2PL.SUB

ə

PROG.STAT–push–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ

qəl

REM

salmon.roe

əšab dᶻabid i kʷi xʷƛ’alap

təd

ləs– əd–yi–t–s

kʷi

i

kʷi

CONJ

xʷƛ’alap stab pot

i kʷi

what

REM

as–šab STAT–dry

PR

kʷi

s ə əd

REM

food

dᶻabid vegetables

u=s=šə –tx–bš=lap IRR=NM=make–ECS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

i

i CONJ

kʷi

CONJ

REM

sgʷa təd funeral.goods

‘ “You should set aside for me food and salmon eggs and dried vegetables, and a pot, what you will prepare for me as funeral goods.’ 30 ƛ’ub a al kʷi ad ucəxʷəsbə ƛ’ub well

a be.there

al kʷi at

REM

udəxʷ atubšləp ti ə s ə əd ad where

u=d=dəxʷ= as–bə IRR=1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–fall

412

Coyote and His Daughter

u=dəxʷ= a–txʷ–bš=lap IRR=ADNM=be.there–ECS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO

ti ə

s ə əd

PROX

food

‘ “There should be food in the place where I am laid, where you guys will put me.’ 31

ƛ’al’ bas ista

dxʷ al ti ə

təb

i ti i

dəxʷudxʷliq’ʷusəbs

i kʷədi

ƛ’udəxʷəs əqšads i kʷədi ƛ’ udəxʷ əs əqla ads ƛ’u dəxʷ ǰu adads ƛ’al’ bə=as– ista

dxʷ– al

ti ə

təb

also

CNTRPT–at

PROX

ochre

ADD=STAT–be.like

dəxʷ= u–dxʷ–liq’ʷ•us–b=s

i

ADNM=PFV–CTD–paint•face–MD=3PO

CONJ

DIST

REM.DMA

i

HAB=ADNM=STAT–wrapped•leg=3PO

ti i

kʷədi

CONJ

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= as– əq•šad=s

i

kʷədi REM.DMA

CONJ

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= as– əq•l•a ad=s HAB=ADNM=STAT–wrapped•CNN•arm=3PO

ƛ’u=dəxʷ=ǰu adad=s HAB=ADNM=wear.regalia=3PO

‘ “It is also the same for the ochre and that used for painting one’s face and wrapping one’s legs and wrapping one’s arms, what is used for regalia.” ’ 32 di s aƛ’s di

s= aƛ’=s

FOC

NM=desire=3PO

‘That is what he wants.’ 33 haˑy di shuyutəbs tə

al ti i s atəbəds

hay

di

s=huyu–t–b=s

tə

SCONJ

FOC

NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO

truly

al ti i at

DIST

s= atəbəd=s NM=die=3PO

‘So that is truly done for him when he dies.’ 34

u ʷtub u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS ‘He is taken.’

35 gʷəl uqʷatatəb ti ə tu ə gʷəl SCONJ

ə ti ə sbiaw

u–qʷata–t–b PFV–laid.out–ICS–PASS

ti ə

tu= ə

PROX

PAST=mind

‘And the intentions of Coyote are carried out.’

ə PR

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

Martha Williams Lamont

413

36 haˑy əgʷəlb hay

əgʷəl–b leave–PASS

SCONJ

‘So he is left.’ 37

ʷul’ əsq’il al ti ə q’il’bid ʷul’

as–q’il

only

al ti ə

STAT–aboard

at

q’il’bid

PROX

canoe

‘He is just on board a canoe.’ 38 gʷəl ʷul’ əs əqyalustub ə ti ə kʷu t gʷəl

ʷul’ only

SCONJ

as– əq•y•alus–txʷ–b

ə

STAT–wrapped•CNN•edge–ECS–PASS

PR

ti ə

kʷu t

PROX

sleeping.mat

‘And he is just wrapped up in a sleeping mat.’ 39 di dəxʷəšə s skəyuhali di

dəxʷ= as–šə =s

skəyuhali

FOC

ADNM=STAT–make=3PO

cemetery

‘That is how the cemetery is made.’ 40

ahəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ

al

be.there=now

at

ti i DIST

‘That is where he was.’ 41 huy hagʷəxʷ tul’ al kʷi tus atəbəds huy

ha kʷ=axʷ

tul’– al

kʷi

tu=s= atəbəd=s

SCONJ

long.time=now

CNTRFG–at

REM

PAST=NM=die=3PO

‘Then it is a long time after he had died.’ 42 gʷəl ƛ’u ukʷukʷilb ti ə wiw’su gʷəl

ƛ’u= ukʷukʷ–il–b

ti ə

wiw’su

SCONJ

HAB=play–INCH–MD

PROX

children

‘And the children go out to play.’ 43 gʷəl ugʷa ʷgʷa ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u–gʷa ʷ–gʷa ʷ PFV–DSTR–walk

‘And they are walking.’

414

44

Coyote and His Daughter

u u ʷ u– u ʷ PFV–go

‘They go.’ 45 lə ’itil ə ti ə dəxʷ a ə ti ə skəyu li a kʷ ə ti ə

lə= ’it–il PROG=near–INCH

PR

dəxʷ= a

ə

ADNM=be.there

PROX

PR

ti ə

skəyu

PROX

corpse

li – a kʷ PRLV–seaward

‘They are drawing near to the place where this corpse is by the shore.’ 46 til əb əxʷ əlgʷə

uluud ti acəc

tiləb=axʷ

əlgʷə

immediately=now

PL

u–lu–t

ti acəc

PFV–hear–ICS

UNQ

‘Suddenly they hear this very one.’ 47

i i INTJ

‘Yes!’ 48 šudubəxʷ ti ə sut’iq’ʷil ə ti ə dəxʷ a ə ti ə kəyu šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ

ti ə

s= u–t’iq’ʷ–il

see–DC–PASS=now

PROX

NM=PFV–smoky–INCH

dəxʷ= a

ə

ADNM=be.there

PR

ti ə

kəyu

PROX

corpse

‘Then they see smoke in the place where the corpse is.’ 49 huy u ʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ go

‘Then they go.’ 50

u ʷəxʷ ti ə qa wiw’su u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

qa

wiw’su

PROX

many

children

‘A lot of children go.’

ə PR

ti ə PROX

Martha Williams Lamont

415

51 gʷəl ləšudub ti ə gʷəl

lə=šu –dxʷ–b

ti ə

SCONJ

PROG=see–DC–PASS

PROX

‘And it is seen.’ 52

əsqʷalc as–qʷalc STAT–boiled

‘He is boiling (i.e., cooking).’ 53

əshud up ti ə sbiaw as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote has a fire going.’ 54 gʷəl (h)uy cutəbəxʷ gʷəl

huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And then it is spoken,’ 55

əsp’alil əw’ə ti sbiaw as–p’alil STAT–revive

əw’ə

ti

sbiaw

PTCL

SPEC

coyote

‘ “Coyote has revived!’ 56

a haw’ə həli a be.there

haw’ə

həli

PTCL

alive

‘ “There he is alive!” ’ 57 huy u ʷcəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now

əlgʷə PL

‘Then they go up to him.’ 58 gʷəl uk’ʷi k’ʷəlid gʷəl SCONJ

u–k’ʷi –k’ʷəli–t PFV–ATTN–peer–ICS

‘And they take a quick little peek at him.’

416

Coyote and His Daughter

59 tiləbəxʷ uqʷa atəb ə ti ə sbiaw tiləb=axʷ

u–qʷa a–t–b

immediately=now

PFV–driven.off–ICS–PASS

‘Immediately, they are driven away by Coyote.’ 60 lilcut i! i

lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL

2PL.IMP

‘ “Get away, you guys!’ 61 lilcut wiw’su lil–t–sut

wiw’su

far–ICS–REFL

children

‘ “Get away, children!’ 62 put əd sa put

əd

really

sa

1SG.SUB

bad

‘ “I am really bad.’ 63 skəyu əd skəyu

əd

corpse

1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m a corpse.’ 64 s m hmm s m

hmm

pew!

hmm

‘ “Pew!’ 65

u ihəl əd u– ihəl PFV–stink

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I stink.’ 66 hiwil i hiwil go.ahead

i 2PL.IMP

‘ “Go on you guys!’

ə PR

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

Martha Williams Lamont

417

67 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!’ 68 hagʷəxʷ əd u atəbəd ha kʷ=axʷ

u– atəbəd

əd

long.time=now

1SG.SUB

PFV–die

‘ “I died a long time ago.” ’ 69

u ʷ u ʷ go ‘They go.’

70 lilcut ti ə wiw’su lil–t–sut

ti ə

wiw’su

far–ICS–REFL

PROX

children

‘The children go away.’ 71 gʷəl tiləbəxʷ usa saxʷəb gʷəl

tiləb=axʷ

SCONJ

immediately=now

u–sa –saxʷəb PFV–ATTN–jump

‘And they scamper off.’ 72

ut’uk’ʷ u–t’uk’ʷ PFV–go.home

‘They go home.’ 73 gʷəl ləyəcəb gʷəl

lə=yəc–b

SCONJ

PROG=report–MD

‘And they report it.’ 74

u is ə ti sbiaw u– il–s PFV–arrive–ALTV

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “We came upon Coyote.’

ti

sbiaw

SPEC

coyote

418

75

Coyote and His Daughter

uqʷalc u–qʷalc PFV–boiled

‘ “He was boiling.’ 76

əshud up as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire

‘ “He has a fire.’ 77 gʷəl uqʷa atubu gʷəl SCONJ

u–qʷa a–t–ubu PFV–driven.off–ICS–1PL.OBJ

‘ “But he drove us off.’ 78 hagʷəxʷ k’ʷə tu atəbədəs ha kʷ=axʷ

k’ʷə

tu= atəbəd=as

long.time=now

QTV

PAST=die=3SBRD

‘ “It’s said to have been a long time since he died.’ 79 kəyu k’ʷə ti sucucuts kəyu

k’ʷə

ti

s= u–cut–cut=s

corpse

QTV

SPEC

NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO

‘ “What he says is that he is a corpse.” ’ 80 bələ ay əxʷ ələp kʷi su u ʷləp bə=lə= ay =axʷ

ələp

ADD=PROG=go.for.what=now

2PL.SUB

kʷi

s= u– u ʷ=lap

REM

NM=PFV–go=2PL.PO

‘ “What business did you guys have in going there?” ’ 81 huy ʷul’əxʷ ʷadᶻatəbəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy ʷul’=axʷ ʷadᶻa–t–b=axʷ SCONJ

only=now

annihilate–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then they simply punish the children.’ 82 huy bə aˑhəxʷ huy

bə= a=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=be.there=now

‘So there they are again.’

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

Martha Williams Lamont

419

83 xʷi əxʷ bəs u ʷləp xʷi =axʷ

bə=s= u ʷ=lap

NEG=now

ADD=NM=go=2PL.PO

‘ “Don’t you guys go there again!” ’ 84

ahəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ

al

be.there=now

at

ti i DIST

‘He is there.’ 85

ə ʷaq’ʷigʷəd ə ti ə wiw’su as–dxʷ– ʷaq’ʷ•igʷəd

ə

STAT–CTD–troubled•inside.body

PR

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘He is annoyed by the children.’ 86 bələk’ʷa atəb ti i sbiaw al kʷədi dəxʷ as bə=lə=k’ʷa a–t–b

ti i

sbiaw

ADD=PROG=examine–ICS–PASS

DIST

coyote

al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘They peek at Coyote again there where he is.’ 87

a a be.there ‘There he is.’

88 di

sixʷ kʷi bəsut’iq’ʷils

di

sixʷ

kʷi

bə=s= u–t’iq’ʷ–il=s

suddenly

PTCL

REM

ADD=NM=PFV–smoke–INCH=3PO

‘Suddenly there is smoke again!’ 89 bə u ʷcəb sixʷ ə ti ə wiw’su bə= u ʷ–c–b

sixʷ

ə

ADD=go–ALTV–PASS

PTCL

PR

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘Once more the children go up to him.’ 90

aˑ a be.there ‘There he is.’

420

91

Coyote and His Daughter

əskʷukʷcut ə ti ə sušə s səsqʷalc s as–kʷukʷcut

ə

STAT–cook

PR

ti ə

s= u–šə =s

s= as–qʷalc=s

PROX

NM=PFV–make=3PO

NM=STAT–boiled=3PO

‘He is cooking what is ready to boil.’ 92 di əxʷ ti i tusəsgʷa

təd s ti ə

uhuyudəxʷ sušə səxʷ dəxʷu ə əds

di =axʷ

ti i

tu=s= as–gʷa təd=s

ti ə

FOC=now

DIST

PAST=NM=STAT–funeral.good=3PO

PROX

u–huyu–t=axʷ PFV–made–ICS=now

s= u–šə =s=axʷ

dəxʷ= u– ə əd=s

NM=PFV–make=3PO=now

ADNM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘It was the funeral food that had been prepared, what had been made for eating.’ 93 qəl

i stab xʷu ələ stab ti ə sušə s bit’

qəl

i

salmon.roe

CONJ

stab

xʷu ələ

stab

ti ə

s= u–šə =s

bit’

what

maybe

what

PROX

NM=PFV–make=3PO

soup

‘Dried salmon eggs and whatever, perhaps he had made some soup.’ 94 huy qʷa adəxʷ sixʷ ti ə wiw’su ulilcutəs huy SCONJ

qʷa a–t=axʷ

sixʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

driven.off–ICS=now

PTCL

PROX

children

u=lil–t–sut=as IRR=far–ICS–REFL=3SBRD

‘Then he drives the children off again so they go away.’ 95 lilcut i! lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL

i 2PL.IMP

‘ “Get away, you guys!’ 96 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!’ 97 sa sa bad

əd əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m bad.’

Martha Williams Lamont

421

98 skəyu əd skəyu corpse

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m a corpse.’ 99 put əd sa put really

əd

sa

1SG.SUB

bad

‘ “I am really bad.’ 100 hagʷəxʷ əd tu atəbəd ha kʷ=axʷ

əd

long.time=now

1SG.SUB

tu= atəbəd PAST=die

‘ “I’ve been dead for a long time.’ 101 hiwil i hiwil go.ahead

i 2PL.IMP

‘ “Go on, you guys!’ 102 lilcut wiw’su lil–t–sut

wiw’su

far–ICS–REFL

children

‘ “Get away, children.” ’ 103 bə u ʷ ti ə wiw’su bə= u ʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

ADD=go

PROX

children

‘Again the children go.’ 104 gʷəl tubəyəcəb əlgʷə ƛ’al’ gʷəl

tu=bə=yəc–b

əlgʷə

ƛ’al’

SCONJ

PAST=ADD=report–MD

PL

also

‘And again they report it.’ 105 huy gʷəl bədxʷsgʷəlaltəbəxʷ sixʷ əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

bə=dxʷs–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ

sixʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=CTD–harmed–ICS–PASS=now

PTCL

PL

‘And then they are punished again.’

422

Coyote and His Daughter

106 xʷi əxʷ kʷi bəs u ʷləp xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

bə=s= u ʷ=lap

NEG=now

REM

ADD=NM=go=2PL.PO

‘ “Don’t you guys go there again!’ 107 skəyu tə ti i

ucucuuc ələp

skəyu

tə

ti i

corpse

truly

DIST

u–cut–cut–c PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV

ələp 2PL.SUB

‘ “It truly is a ghost which you guys are talking about.’ 108

aˑhəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ

al ti i

be.there=now

at

DIST

‘He is there.’ 109 huy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ huy

gʷəl

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And then it is spoken,’ 110 tə kʷəda səƛ’a tə

kʷəda

səƛ’a

truly

PTCL

noble.person

‘ “He must have been a truly noble person.” ’ 111 hagʷəxʷ ha kʷ=axʷ long.time=now ‘Time passed.’ 112 gʷəl tucutəb gʷəl

tu=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PAST=say–ICS–PASS

‘And it was spoken,’ 113 gʷəƛ’ušuuc ələp ti i dəxʷəsq’ils al ti i q’il’bid gʷə=ƛ’u=šu –c SBJ=HAB=see–ALTV

ələp 2PL.SUB

ti i

dəxʷ= as–q’il=s

DIST

ADNM=STAT–aboard=3PO

q’il’bid canoe ‘ “You guys should see how he is on board that canoe.’

al ti i at

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

423

114 gʷət as a u xʷ ti i sbiaw gʷəsbə gʷə=tə =as

a

SBJ=truly=3SBRD

be.there

al ti i tudəxʷəs əqyalustəbs

u xʷ

ti i

sbiaw

gʷə=s=bə

PTCL

DIST

coyote

SBJ=NM=fall

tu=dəxʷ= as– q–y•alus–t–b=s PAST=ADNM=STAT–wrapped•CNN–end–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘ “If it is true that Coyote still is lying there all wrapped up.” ’ 115

u ʷəxʷ u ʷ=axʷ go=now ‘They go.’

116 huy šuuc huy

šu –c

SCONJ

see–ALTV

‘Then they look at him.’ 117

a a be.there ‘There he is.’

118 bas əqyalus bə= as– q–y•alus ADD=STAT–wrapped•CNN–end

‘He is all wrapped up.’ 119

a bəskəyu a

bə=skəyu

be.there

ADD=corpse

‘There is the corpse.’ 120

əsbə as–bə STAT–fall

‘He is lying there.’ 121 tə

a al ti i q’il’bid

tə truly

a be.there

al ti i at

DIST

q’il’bid canoe

‘Truly he is there in that canoe.’

al at

ti i DIST

424

122

Coyote and His Daughter

əs ista

ə ti i tubəsəshuytubs

as– ista STAT–be.like

ə

ti i

tu=bə=s= as–huyu–txʷ–b=s

PR

DIST

PAST=ADD=NM=STAT–made–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘He is as he had been prepared.’ 123 gʷa tu ʷ ƛ’uqʷibicut gʷa

tu ʷ ƛ’u=qʷibi–t–sut

INTJ

just

HAB=prepared–ICS–REFL

‘But, in fact, he always prepares himself.’ 124 gʷəl ubəbə agʷil gʷəl SCONJ

u=bə=bə a–agʷil IRR=ADD=fall–AUTO

‘And he will lie down again.’ 125

ʷul’ab ə ti i k’ əyi əxʷ gʷəs atəbəd s ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

k’əyi =axʷ

gʷə=s= atəbəd=s

same.way

PR

DIST

pretend=now

SBJ=NM=die=3PO

‘Just like one pretending that he has died.’ 126

aˑ xʷu ələ a

xʷu ələ

be.there

maybe

‘There he is, I guess.’ 127

əs ə id ti i tusəshuys əs ista as– ə id STAT–what.happen

ti i

tu=s= as–huyu=s

as– ista

DIST

PAST=NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘What he was doing happened like that.’ 128 haˑy huy qʷibicutəxʷ al ti i hay

huy

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

prepared–ICS–REFL=now

‘So, he gets himself ready there.’ 129 šə əxʷ šə =axʷ make=now ‘He does it.’

al ti i at

DIST

STAT–be.like

Martha Williams Lamont

130

425

u ibəšəxʷ u= ibəš=axʷ IRR=travel=now

‘He will travel.’ 131

uqʷibicutəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi ubəs əgʷasəxʷ dxʷ al tsi ə bəda s səsiq’ʷəbs tsi ə bəda s u=qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ IRR=prepared–ICS–REFL=now

dxʷ– al

kʷi

CNTRPT–at

REM

u=bəs– əgʷas=axʷ IRR=PROP–wife=now

dxʷ– al

tsi ə

bəda –s

s= as–hiq’ʷəb=s

tsi ə

CNTRPT–at

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO

NM=STAT–covet=3PO

PROX:FEM

bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘He will fix himself up in order to take to wife his daughter whom he lusted after, his daughter.’ 132

əsiq’ʷəbid as–hiq’ʷəb–bi–t STAT–covet–MAP–ICS

‘He lusted after her.’ 133

əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs tsi i bəda s as– al STAT–how

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s

tsi i

bəda –s

REM

SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO

DIST:FEM

offspring–3PO

‘How would he manage to get his daughter?’ 134 huy dxʷ qʷalusəbəxʷ huy

dxʷ–qʷal•us–b=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–painted•face–MD=now

‘Then he paints his face.’ 135

dxʷ qʷalusəbəxʷ ti ə sbiaw dxʷ–qʷal•us–b=axʷ

ti ə

sbiaw

CTD–painted•face–MD=now

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote paints his face.’ 136 gʷəl dxʷliq’ʷusəbəxʷ gʷəl

dxʷ–liq’ʷ•us–b=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–paint•face–MD=now

‘And he applies red to his face.’

426

Coyote and His Daughter

137 huy gʷəl ibəšəxʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘And then travels.’ 138

əq əqšadəbəxʷ ə kʷədi di i səshuys əq– q•šad–b=axʷ

ə

DSTR–wrapped•leg–MD=now

PR

kʷədi

di i

s= as–huyu=s

REM.DMA

yonder

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘He wraps his lower legs as it is done off yonder.’ 139

qaladi əbəxʷ əq•al•adi –b=axʷ wrapped•CNN•ear–MD=now ‘He binds his hair at the sides of his head.’

140

əst’əbšadi as–t’əbš•adi STAT–braid•ear

‘He has his hair braided.’ 141 gʷəl əs qaladi əb gʷəl

as– əq•al•adi –b

SCONJ

STAT–wrapped•CNN•ear–MD

‘And he has his hair bound at the sides of his head.’ 142 huy ibəšəxʷ huy

ibəš=axʷ

SCONJ

travel=now

‘Then he travels.’ 143

ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’usəhuy ə ti i tubšədəd ti i səshuysəxʷ ʷul’ab

ə

ti i

ƛ’u=s=lə=huyu

same.way

PR

DIST

HAB=NM=PROG=made

s= as–huyu=s=axʷ NM=STAT–made=3PO=now

‘Just as does a Sahaptin, so did he.’ 144

u ʷəxʷ dxʷdi ucid u ʷ=axʷ dxʷ–di •ucid go=now

CNTRPT–other.side•mouth

‘He goes to the other side of the river.’

ə

ti i

tubšədəd

ti i

PR

DIST

Sahaptin

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

145

427

ə ti dᶻə tustu tələkʷ u stab kʷədi tusəshuy ə kʷədi ti ə

a kʷbids a kʷbid ə

əs a lil

ə ‿ti seemingly

dᶻə

tu=stu –tələkʷ

PTCL

PAST=ATTN–river

ə

tu=s= as–huyu PAST=NM=STAT–made

PR

a kʷ–bid

ə

seaward–RLNL

u

stab

kʷədi

INTJ

what

REM.DMA

kʷədi REM.DMA

ti ə

PR

a kʷ–bid–s seaward–RLNL–3PO

as– a lil STAT–live

PROX

‘I guess a little river or something must have been down there seaward of them, seaward of the ones who lived there.’ 146 tiləxʷ kʷi suqʷi qʷi ads ə kʷədi di ucid al ti ə stu tələkʷ s= u–qʷi –qʷi ad=s

til=axʷ

kʷi

immediately=now

REM

di •ucid

NM=PFV–DSTR–call.out=3PO

al

other.side•mouth

at

ti ə

stu –tələkʷ

PROX

ATTN–river

ə PR

‘Suddenly from the other side of this little river he calls out.’ 147 di ucid ti ə

aci talbixʷ

di •ucid

ti ə

other.side•mouth

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘The people are on the other side of the river.’ 148 qʷi ad kʷədi di ucid qʷi ad

kʷədi

di •ucid

call.out

REM.DMA

other.side•mouth

‘The one across the river calls out.’ 149 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

‘And it is spoken,’ 150

a tudi a be.there

tudi DIST.DMA

‘ “There is someone over there.’

kʷədi REM.DMA

428

151

Coyote and His Daughter

uqʷi ad al didi ucid u–qʷi ad

al

PFV–call.out

at

di–di •ucid ATTN–other.side•mouth

‘ “He is calling from the other side of the river.’ 152

aci talbixʷ aci talbixʷ people ‘ “There is a person.’

153 šuuc i! šu –c see–ALTV

i 2PL.IMP

‘ “You guys (go) see him!” ’ 154 šuucəb šu –c–b see–ALTV–PASS ‘They look.’ 155

uqʷi aacəb u–qʷi aa–c–b PFV–call.out–ALTV–PASS

‘They call to him.’ 156 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘Nothing.’ 157

dxʷ ləli ucid k’ʷə kʷədi

ugʷadgʷad di ucid

dxʷ–ləli •ucid

k’ʷə

kʷədi

CTD–different•mouth

QTV

REM.DMA

u–gʷad–gʷad PFV–DSTR–talk

‘The one across the river speaks a different language.’ 158

a ədaˑ a əda INTJ

‘ “Oh dear!’

di •ucid other.side•mouth

Martha Williams Lamont

429

159 gʷədi əs kʷi taxʷ əgʷasəb gʷə=di =as

kʷi

tu= as–dxʷ– əgʷas–ab

SBJ=FOC=3SBRD

REM

PAST=STAT–CTD–wife–DSD

‘ “He might be the one who wants to have a wife.’ 160

əbil’ di əxʷ əbil’ perhaps

di =axʷ FOC=now

‘ “Perhaps he’s the one.” ’ 161 cutəbəxʷ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now ‘It is spoken,’ 162

u ʷc i u ʷ–c go–ALTV

i 2PL.IMP

‘ “You guys go to him.’ 163

u ʷc u ʷ–c go–ALTV ‘ “Go to him.” ’

164 huy tulisəbəxʷ ə ti ə q’il’bid ti ə tubšədəd huy

tu=lil–s–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=far–ALTV–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

q’il’bid

ti ə

tubšədəd

PROX

canoe

PROX

Sahaptin

‘So the Sahaptin is crossed over to in a canoe.’ 165

alisəb alil–s–b go.ashore–ALTV–PASS ‘He is gone ashore to.’

166 gʷəl gʷadgʷad ti ə

aci talbixʷ

gʷəl

gʷad–gʷad

ti ə

SCONJ

DSTR–talk

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘And they speak to this person.’

430

Coyote and His Daughter

167 gʷəl wiliq’ʷitəb tutul’ adəs gʷəl

wiliq’ʷi–t–b

tu=tul’– ad=as

SCONJ

ask–ICS–PASS

PAST=CNTRFG–where=3SBRD

‘And he is asked where he might be from.’ 168 huy gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ucucut huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

‘But he just says,’ 169 sqʷinmə qʷinmə qʷinmə sqʷinmə qʷinmə . ‘Sqʷin’mə , qʷin’mə , qʷin’mə , sqʷin’mə , qʷin’mə .’ 170

ʷul’ utəq’tq’aladi əb ʷul’ only

u–təq’–tq’•al•adi –b PFV–DSTR–slap•CNN•ear–MD

‘He just slaps the side of his head.’ 171

ʷul’ əstkʷadi xʷu ələ ʷul’ only

as–tkʷadi STAT–deaf

al kʷi dəxʷəshuys

xʷu ələ maybe

al kʷi at

REM

dəxʷ= as–huyu=s ADNM=STAT–made=3PO

‘He is simply deaf, I guess, to what is going on.’ 172 xʷi gʷəsəsƛ’əlabuts xʷi

gʷə=s= as–ƛ’əlabut=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–understand=3PO

‘He cannot understand.’ 173 huy gʷəl (h)uy tuliltub huy

gʷəl

huy

tulil–txʷ–b

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

cross.water–ECS–PASS

‘And then they take him back across the river.’ 174 gʷəl aˑlil gʷəl SCONJ

alil go.ashore

‘And they go ashore.’ 175 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl

cut–t–b

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

‘And it is spoken,’

Martha Williams Lamont

176

431

ugʷihid ə tsi kay’kay’ u=gʷihi–t

ə

IRR=invite–ICS

1PL.SUB

tsi

kay’kay’

SPEC:FEM

Steller’s.jay

‘ “Let’s invite Steller’s Jay.’ 177 di xʷu ələ gʷasluud ti ə si ab u il di

xʷu ələ

gʷə= as–lu–t

ti ə

si ab

FOC

maybe

SBJ=STAT–hear–ICS

PROX

noble

u– il PFV–arrive

‘ “She’s the one who, perhaps, can understand this worthy man who has arrived.” ’ 178 gʷihitəbəxʷ tsi ə kay’kay’ gʷihi–t–b=axʷ

tsi ə

kay’kay’

invite–ICS–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

Steller’s.jay

‘Steller’s Jay is invited.’ 179

ə ƛ’a k’ayk’ay’ asƛ’əb əd ti ə əƛ’a k’ayk’ay’ go.to

ucutcut ugʷaagʷad

u= as–ƛ’əb əd

Steller’s.jay

ti ə

IRR=STAT–listen.to

u–cut–cut

PROX

PFV–DSTR–say

u–gʷaagʷad PFV–converse

‘Steller’s Jay goes there and will listen to what is said, what is conversed.’ 180 gʷəl huy

ə ƛ’axʷ tsi i kay’kay’

gʷəl

huy

əƛ’=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

go.to=now

tsi i

kay’kay’

DIST:FEM

Steller’s.jay

‘Steller’s Jay goes there.’ 181 gʷəl luudəxʷ gʷəl

lu–t=axʷ

SCONJ

hear–ICS=now

‘And she listens to him.’ 182

əxʷ əgʷasəb k’ʷə ti ə

u a kʷ

as–dxʷ– əgʷas–ab

k’ʷə

ti ə

STAT–CTD–wife–DSD

QTV

PROX

u– a kʷ PFV–go.seaward

‘ “This one who has come to the coast wants a wife.’ 183 di k’ʷə kʷədi tubšədəd lədxʷ al tsi ə bəda di FOC

ə ti ə tusbiaw u atəbəd

k’ʷə

kʷədi

tubšədəd

lə=dxʷ– al

tsi ə

bəda

QTV

REM.DMA

Sahaptin

PROG=CNTRFG–at

PROX:FEM

offspring PR

ti ə

tu=sbiaw

PROX

PAST=coyote

u– atəbəd PFV–die

‘ “He is a Sahaptin coming for the daughter of the late Coyote who has died.’

ə

432

Coyote and His Daughter

184 gʷəl di ti ə tu a kʷ gʷəl

di

ti ə

tu= a kʷ

SCONJ

FOC

PROX

PAST=seaward

‘ “It is he who has come to the coast,” ’ 185 cucut tsi ə kay’kay’ cut–cut

tsi ə

kay’kay’

DSTR–say

PROX:FEM

Steller’s.jay

‘Steller’s Jay says’ 186 gʷadgʷadəxʷ ƛ’al’ tsi i kay’kay’ gʷad–gʷad=axʷ

ƛ’al’

tsi i

kay’kay’

DSTR–talk=now

also

DIST:FEM

Steller’s.jay

‘Steller’s Jay speaks again.’ 187 ša ša ša ša ‘ “Shack, shack, shack.” ’ 188

ucucut ti i suc’əw’qəb ə tsi ə kay’kay’ u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say

ti i

s= u–c’əw’qəb

ə

DIST

NM=PFV–speak.Sahaptin

PR

tsi ə

kay’kay’

PROX:FEM

Steller’s.jay

‘Steller’s Jay speaks in a Sahaptin language.’ 189 ƛ’al’ bugʷadgʷadəxʷ əsq’ʷu ti ə cədi

as–q’ʷu

ƛ’al’ bə= u–gʷad–gʷad=axʷ also

ADD=PFV–DSTR–talk=now

uc’əw’qəb

STAT–gathered

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

u–c’əw’qəb PFV–speak.Sahaptin

‘Again she converses with this one who speaks Sahaptin.’ 190 huˑy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ huy

gʷəl

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And it is spoken,’ 191 bədi kʷi ləbəs əgʷas dxʷ al tsi acəc bəda

ə ti i si ab u atəbəd

bə=di

kʷi

lə=bəs– əgʷas

dxʷ– al

tsi acəc

bəda

ADD=FOC

REM

PROG=PROP–wife

CNTRPT–at

UNQ:FEM

offspring PR

ti i

si ab

DIST

noble

ə

u– atəbəd PFV–die

‘ “He is the one seeking as a wife the very daughter of the noble who has died.’

Martha Williams Lamont

433

192 ƛ’ub ələp ušuuc ƛ’ub

ələp

well

u–šu –c

2PL.SUB

PFV–see–ALTV

‘ “You guys should look him over.’ 193 ta tabəd i ta tabəd

i

serious.talk

2PL.IMP

‘ “Talk it over carefully, you guys!” ’ 194 hay cutəbəxʷ hay

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘So it is spoken,’ 195 ƛ’ub ʷul’ šə ƛ’ub

ʷul’ab ə ti i tucutəb ə

ʷul’ šə

well

only

ʷul’ab

make

same.way

ə ti i tu atəbəd sbiaw

ə

ti i

tu=cut–t–b

PR

DIST

PAST=say–ICS–PASS

ə

ti i

tu= atəbəd

sbiaw

PR

DIST

PAST=die

coyote

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “It should be done just as deceased Coyote told us to.’ 196 ƛ’ub ukʷədatəb ə ti ə tubšədəd tsi ə tubəda ƛ’ub

u–kʷəda–t–b

well

ə

PFV–taken–ICS–PASS

tu=bəda

ə

PAST=offspring

PR

PR

ə ti sbiaw

ti ə

tubšədəd

tsi ə

PROX

Sahaptin

PROX:FEM

ti

sbiaw

SPEC

coyote

‘ “This Sahaptin should take the former daughter of Coyote.’ 197 ƛ’uˑb gʷəl bə u ə id ƛ’ub

gʷəl

bə= u– ə id

well

SCONJ

ADD=PFV–what.happen

‘ “Okay, let’s see what happens.’ 198 ƛ’ub ələp ukʷədad ələpa agʷ id yid al tə a ƛ’ub well

ələp 2PL.SUB a be.there

u–kʷəda–t

ələpa

PFV–taken–ICS

ələpa 2PL.COORD

2PL.COORD

ələp a gʷədiltxʷ agʷid–yi–t

mat–DAT–ICS

al at

gʷəd–il–txʷ down–INCH–ECS

‘ “You guys take them and lay out a mat there and sit them down.’

tə NSPEC

434

Coyote and His Daughter

199 gʷəl əsgʷədil txʷ gʷəl

əsq’ʷu

ə tsi ə s adəy

as–gʷəd–il–txʷ

SCONJ

as–q’ʷu

STAT–down–INCH–ECS

ə

STAT–gathered

PR

tsi ə

s adəy

PROX:FEM

woman

‘ “And he will sit together with this woman.’ 200 di ushuygʷas ti i di

əs ista

u=s=huyu•gʷas=s

ti i

IRR=NM=made•pair=3PO

FOC

DIST

as– ista STAT–be.like

‘ “In this manner will be their marrying.” ’ 201

u ʷtubəxʷ u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now ‘He is taken.’

202 gʷəl ləgʷədiltub ’itbid ə tsi ə s adəy gʷəl

lə=gʷəd–il–txʷ–b

SCONJ

PROG=down–INCH–ECS–PASS

’it–bid

ə

near–RLNL

PR

tsi ə

s adəy

PROX:FEM

woman

‘And he is sat next to this woman.’ 203 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

‘And it is spoken,’ 204 hay ƛ’ubəxʷ di ad əgʷasəxʷ tsi i hay

ƛ’ub=axʷ

di

ad– əgʷas=axʷ

tsi i

SCONJ

well=now

FOC

2SG.PO–wife=now

DIST:FEM

‘ “Now she is the one who should be your wife.’ 205 ƛ’ub əxʷ ukʷədad ƛ’ub

əxʷ

well

2SG.SUB

u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS

‘ “You should take her.’ 206 huy əxʷ tascutəb ə ti i tu ə bsbəda huy

əxʷ

SCONJ

2SG.SUB

tu= as–cut–t–b PAST=STAT–say–ICS–PASS

tu= as–bəs–bəda PAST=STAT–PROP–offspring

‘ “For he who had a daughter told you to.’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

435

207 ƛ’ub əxʷ ubiqʷyitəb ə tsi acəc tubəda s ƛ’ub

əxʷ

well

u–biqʷi–yi–t–b

2SG.SUB

PFV–loosened–DAT–ICS–PASS

ə

tsi acəc

PR

UNQ:FEM

tu=bəda –s PAST=offspring–3PO

‘ “You should be permitted his former daughter.” ’ 208 huygʷasəxʷ ti acəc tubšədəd kʷi səxʷcutəbitəbs huyu•gʷas=axʷ

ti acəc

tubšədəd

kʷi

made•pair=now

UNQ

Sahaptin

REM

s= as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t–b=s NM=STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘That very Sahaptin who they believed him to be was married to her.’ 209

əxʷqʷalus əb

ə ti ə qa təb pə t təb

as–dxʷ–qʷal•us–b

ə

STAT–CTD–painted•face–MD

PR

ti ə

qa

təb

pə t

təb

PROX

many

ochre

thick

ochre

‘His face is painted with lots of ochre, thick ochre.’ 210 xʷi gʷəsəsuxʷtəbs xʷi

gʷə=s= as–suxʷt–b=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–recognized–PASS=3PO

‘He cannot be recognized.’ 211 huy aˑhəxʷ huy SCONJ

a=axʷ be.there=now

‘So there he is.’ 212

əs istabəxʷ ti ə as– ista –b=axʷ STAT–be.like–MD=now

‘It is like this.’ 213

əshuygʷas as–huyu•gʷas STAT–made•pair

‘He is married.’

ti ə PROX

436

214

Coyote and His Daughter

əsk’ʷi iw’ as–k’ʷi iw’ STAT–live.with.in.laws

‘He lives with his in-laws.’ 215 xʷi ləha kʷ xʷi

lə=ha kʷ

NEG

NEGP=long.time

‘It is not long.’ 216 di əxʷ kʷi supipkʷpəkʷ ə cədi tusəxʷqʷalus səxʷliq’ʷus di =axʷ

kʷi

s= u–pi–pəkʷ–pəkʷ

suddenly=now

REM

NM=PFV–ATTN–DSTR–flake

ə

cədi

PR

s/he

tu=s= as–dxʷ–qʷal•us=s

s= as–dxʷ–liq’ʷ•us=s

PAST=NM=STAT–CTD–painted•face=3PO

NM=STAT–CTD–paint•face=3PO

‘Suddenly the face-marking, the red face-marking flakes off a bit.’ 217 ləpəkʷpkʷaxʷ lə=pəkʷ–pkʷ=axʷ PROG=DSTR–flake=now

‘It is chipping off.’ 218 gʷəl

axʷ ti ləxʷi il ti i tusəstabs

gʷəl

ə =axʷ‿ti

SCONJ

seemingly=now

lə=xʷi –il

ti i

tu=s= as–taba=s

PROG=NEG–INCH

DIST

PAST=NM=STAT–do=3PO

‘And it is as though what he had done is all gone.’ 219 gʷəl ləwəli iləxʷ ti i səshuys acus gʷəl

lə=wəli –il=axʷ

ti i

s= as–huyu=s

SCONJ

PROG=visible–INCH=now

DIST

NM=STAT–made=3PO

acus–s face–3PO

‘And his face as it (really) is is becoming visible.’ 220 gʷəl əsaydubəxʷ ə tsi ə bəda s al ti i ƛ’usəsgʷədils al kʷi xʷ cqʷu gʷəl

as–hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ

SCONJ

STAT–known–DC–PASS=now

ƛ’u=s= as–gʷəd–il=s HAB=NM=STAT–down–INCH=3PO

ə PR al at

tsi ə

bəda –s

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO at

kʷi

xʷ–cqʷu

REM

CTD–day

‘And he is recognized by his daughter as he sits in the daylight.’

al ti i DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

437

221 di ti i gədu sbiaw di

ti i

gədu

sbiaw

FOC

DIST

so.and.so

coyote

‘ “It’s that bum Coyote!’ udᶻək’ʷuc sixʷ

222 dbad ti ə

u–dᶻək’ʷu–t–s

d–bad

ti ə

1SG.PO–father

PROX

sixʷ

PFV–wander–ICS–1SG.OBJ

PTCL

‘ “The one who has transgressed against me is my father!’ 223 gʷə(l) di əw’ə sixʷ ti i gʷəl

di

əw’ə

sixʷ

ti i

SCONJ

FOC

PTCL

PTCL

DIST

‘ “He’s the one all right!’ 224 di ti ə

u isəbš

di

ti ə

FOC

PROX

u– il–s–bš PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ

‘ “He’s the one who came to me.” ’ 225

əs iciləxʷ tsi ə

’a ’as

as– icil=axʷ

tsi ə

STAT–angry=now

’a ’as

PROX:FEM

child

‘This girl is angry.’ 226 xʷi əxʷ ləha

kʷi ə s

xʷi =axʷ

lə=ha

kʷi

NEG=now

NEGP=good

REM

ə –s mind–3PO

‘Her mood is not good.’ 227 cick’ʷəxʷ əsdukʷtxʷ ti ə bad s cick’ʷ=axʷ very=now

as–dukʷu–txʷ STAT–abnormal–ECS

ti ə

bad–s

PROX

father–3PO

‘She is very angry with her father.’ 228 gʷa( ) di bads ti ə

əshuygʷastxʷ

gʷa

di

bad–s

ti ə

INTJ

FOC

father–3PO

PROX

as–huyu•gʷas–txʷ STAT–made•pair–ECS

‘Because it is her father to whom she is married.’

438

Coyote and His Daughter

229 hay xʷu ələ

əs ə id ti ə səshuygʷas is istab

hay

xʷu ələ

SCONJ

maybe

as– ə id STAT–what.happen

ti ə

s= as–huyu•gʷas=s

PROX

NM=STAT–made•pair=3PO

is– ista –b DSTR–be.like–MD

‘So, I guess, it goes on like that while they are married.’ 230 hay cuucəxʷ ti ə wiw’su hay

cut–c=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

PROX

children

‘So she says to the children,’ 231

u ukʷukʷəxʷ ələp wiw’su li əgʷal txʷ u= ukʷukʷ=axʷ

ələp

IRR=play=now

2PL.SUB

wiw’su

li – əgʷal txʷ

children

PRLV–outdoors

‘ “You children will play outdoors.’ 232

ut’ilibəxʷ ələp ə kʷi u s əcuucləp u=t’ilib=axʷ

ələp

IRR=sing=now

ə

2PL.SUB

PR

kʷi

u=s=lə=cut–c=lap IRR=NM=PROG=say–ALTV=2PL.PO

REM

‘ “You will sing what you will say to him.’ 233 sbiaw sbiaw sbiaw

sbiaw

coyote

coyote

‘ “ ‘Coyote, Coyote!’ 234

əs ə itxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbəda as– ə id–txʷ

əxʷ

STAT–what.happen–ECS

2SG.SUB

sixʷ

tsi

ad–bəda

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “ ‘What have you done to your daughter?’ ’ 235

ascut kʷi uscucutləp u= as–cut IRR=STAT–say

kʷi REM

u=s=cut–cut=lap IRR=NM=DSTR–say=2PL.PO

‘ “What you guys will say will be said.” ’ 236

u ʷ ti ə wiw’su u ʷ go

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘The children go.’

Martha Williams Lamont

439

237 qa ti ə wiw’su qa

ti ə

wiw’su

many

PROX

children

‘There are a lot of children.’ 238 huy ’axʷadi əxʷ əlgʷə li əgʷal txʷ ti ə wiw’su huy SCONJ

’axʷ•adi =axʷ clubbed•ear=now

əlgʷə

li – əgʷal txʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

PL

PRLV–outdoors

PROX

children

‘Then the children beat time with sticks outdoors.’ 239 sbiaw sbiaw sbiaw

sbiaw

coyote

coyote

‘ “Coyote, Coyote!’ 240

əs ə itxʷəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbiyə as– ə id–txʷ=axʷ

əxʷ

STAT–what.happen–ECS=now

2SG.SUB

sixʷ

tsi

ad–biyə

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–little.child

‘ “What have you done to your daughter?’ 241 sbiaw sbiaw sbiaw

sbiaw

coyote

coyote

‘ “Coyote, Coyote!’ 242

əs ə itxʷəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbəda as– ə id–txʷ=axʷ

əxʷ

STAT–what.happen–ECS=now

2SG.SUB

sixʷ

tsi

ad–bəda

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “What have you done to your daughter?” ’ 243 tiləb u əc ti ə sbiaw tiləb

u– əc

immediately

PFV–afraid

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Right away Coyote gets scared.’ 244 gʷəl ucut gʷəl SCONJ

u–cut PFV–say

‘And he says,’

440

Coyote and His Daughter

245 siyə qəliltxʷ ti wiw’su siyə

qəl–il–txʷ

ti

wiw’su

INTJ

bad–INCH–ECS

SPEC

children

‘ “Hey! Make the children stop!’ 246

ə ti di ti i adbad ti uda atəb ə ‿ti seemingly

di

ti i

ad–bad

ti

u–da a–t–b

FOC

DIST

2SG.PO–father

SPEC

PFV–named–ICS–PASS

‘ “It seems that the one being named is your father.” ’ 247 bədxʷləšucidəxʷ ha əxʷ al ti i bəsgʷəgʷadəds ti acəc tubšədəd bə=dxʷləšucid=axʷ

ha =axʷ

ADD=Lushootseed=now

good=now

ti acəc

tubšədəd

UNQ

Sahaptin

al at

ti i

bə=s=gʷəgʷadəd=s

DIST

ADD=NM=converse=3PO

‘ “So now this Sahaptin speaks good Lushootseed.’ 248 huy di ti ə xʷi ləha

di

huy

di

ti ə

xʷi

lə=ha

di

SCONJ

FOC

PROX

NEG

NEGP=good

FOC

‘ “Because this no-good so-and-so is him. It is him!’ 249 di ti dbad ti uda atəb di

ti

d–bad

ti

FOC

SPEC

1SG.PO–father

SPEC

u–da a–t–b PFV–named–ICS–PASS

‘ “The one who is named is my father.” ’ 250 qəliltxʷ qəl–il–txʷ bad–INCH–ECS ‘ “Make them stop!’ 251 di ti i adbad ti uda atəb di

ti i

ad–bad

ti

FOC

DIST

2SG.PO–father

SPEC

u–da a–t–b PFV–named–ICS–PASS

‘ “The one who is named is your father.” ’ 252 [ ə id əw’ə səƛ’a ti ə ha kʷ tu ukʷukʷ ti ə wiw’su əscut ə id what.happen

əw’ə

səƛ’a

ti ə

ha kʷ

tu= ukʷukʷ

ti ə

PTCL

noble.person

PROX

long.time

PAST=play

PROX

Martha Williams Lamont

wiw’su

as–cut

children

STAT–say

441

‘ “It happens, Sir, for a long time these children have played saying it.” ’ 253

ʷul’ udukʷtub ə t s i ə bəda s ʷul’ only

u–dukʷu–txʷ–b

ə

PFV–abnormal–ECS–PASS

PR

tsi ə

bəda –s

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO

‘His daughter just gets angry with him.’ 254 gʷa( ) əsaydubəxʷ sbiaw gʷa INTJ

as–hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ

sbiaw

STAT–known–DC–PASS=now

coyote

‘For Coyote is known to her now.’ 255 ləli lildubəxʷ ə tsi ə bəda s lə=li –lil–dxʷ–b=axʷ

ə

PROG=ATTN–far–DC–PASS=now

PR

tsi ə

bəda –s

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO

‘He is drawn away from by his daughter.’ 256

i ibitəbəxʷ i i–bi–t–b=axʷ embarassed–MAP–ICS–PASS=now ‘She is shamed by him.’

257

aˑhəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ

al

be.there=now

at

ti i DIST

‘There is where he is.’ 258 huy cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ

huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

ə

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə PROX

‘Then it is spoken by the people,’ 259

u ə idəxʷ kʷi huy u= ə id=axʷ IRR=what.happen=now

‘ “What can be done?’

kʷi

huyu

REM

made

aci talbixʷ people

442

Coyote and His Daughter

260 xʷu ələ tə əw’ə sixʷ xʷu ələ

tə

əw’ə

sixʷ

maybe

truly

PTCL

PTCL

‘ “It must be true.’ udᶻək’ʷutəb

261 di ti sbiaw ti ə

u–dᶻək’ʷu–t–b

di

ti

sbiaw

ti ə

FOC

SPEC

coyote

PROX

PFV–wander–ICS–PASS

‘ “It is Coyote who has transgressed against her.” ’ 262

u ʷcəxʷ u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now ‘They go to it.’

263

u ʷcəbəxʷ kʷi ti tudəxʷ a ə ti skəyus tudəxʷ atubs u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now

kʷi

ti

tu=dəxʷ= a

ə

REM

SPEC

PAST=ADNM=be.there

skəyu–s

tu=dəxʷ= a–txʷ–b=s

corpse–3PO

PAST=ADNM=be.there–ECS–PASS=3PO

PR

ti SPEC

‘They go to where the corpse was, to where it had been placed.’ 264 xʷiˑ əxʷ ti sbiaw xʷi =axʷ

ti

sbiaw

NEG=now

SPEC

coyote

‘There is no Coyote.’ 265 day’əxʷ ti ə kʷu t i ti ə q’il’bid ti ə day’=axʷ

ti ə

kʷu t

uniquely=now

PROX

sleeping.mat

a i CONJ

ti ə

q’il’bid ti ə

PROX

canoe

PROX

‘Only the mat and canoe are there.’ 266 tə di sbiaw ti ə

uhuyud əw’ə sixʷ tsi ə bəda s

tə

di

sbiaw

ti ə

truly

FOC

coyote

PROX

u–huyu–t PFV–made–ICS

əw’ə sixʷ

tsi ə

PTCL PTCL

PROX:FEM

bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘ “Truly it is Coyote who did this to his daughter.’

a be.there

Martha Williams Lamont

267

443

as aləxʷ kʷi ushuyud ə u= as– al=axʷ

kʷi

IRR=STAT–how=now

u=s=huyu–t

ə

IRR=NM=made–ICS

REM

1PL.PO

‘ “How are we going to deal with it?” ’ 268 ti i tudəxʷhuyutəbsəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷədəxʷdukʷutəbsəxʷ ti i DIST

tu=dəxʷ=huyu–t–b=s=axʷ

dxʷ– al

kʷi

PAST=ADNM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO=now

CNTRPT–at

REM

gʷə=dəxʷ=dukʷu–t–b=s=axʷ SBJ=ADNM=abnormal–ICS–PASS=3PO=now

‘That is why preparations were made in order to put a spell on him.’ 269 cutəxʷ ti ə

aci talbixʷ

cut=axʷ

ti ə

say=now

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘The people say,’ 270 ƛ’ub ə ugʷa ʷ ə kʷi udəxʷgʷa ʷ ə ƛ’ub

ə

well

1PL.SUB

u=gʷa ʷ

ə

IRR=walk

PR

kʷi REM

u=dəxʷ=gʷa ʷ

ə

IRR=ADNM=walk

1PL.PO

‘ “We should walk where we will walk.’ 271

ugʷa ʷ ə u=gʷa ʷ IRR=walk

ə 1PL.SUB

‘ “We will walk.’ 272 gʷəl uq’axʷatəb uq’axʷatəb ti ə dəxʷ as gʷəl

u=q’axʷa–t–b

SCONJ

u=q’axʷa–t–b

IRR=frozen–ICS–PASS

ti ə

IRR=frozen–ICS–PASS

PROX

dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘ “And he will be frozen, he will be frozen where he is.’ 273

uhuyil sq’axʷ dxʷ al gʷəsxʷi s gʷəšədᶻaldubuts ə kʷi ha kʷ u=huyu–il IRR=made–INCH

sq’axʷ

dxʷ– al

gʷə=s=xʷi =s

ice

CNTRPT–at

SBJ=NM=NEG=3PO

gʷə=s=šədᶻal–dxʷ–but=s SBJ=NM=go.outdoors–DC–REFL=3PO

ə PR

kʷi

ha kʷ

REM

long.time

‘ “It will become ice so that he cannot get himself outside for a long time.’

444

274

Coyote and His Daughter

u ʷul’ul’əxʷ usq’axʷ pə t sq’axʷ ti ə u= ʷul’–ul’=axʷ

udəxʷəsdəgʷagʷils

u=s=q’axʷ

IRR=INTNS–only=now

IRR=NM=frozen

pə t

sq’axʷ

ti ə

thick

ice

PROX

u=dəxʷ= as–dəkʷa–agʷil=s IRR=ADNM=STAT–inside–AUTO=3PO

‘ “What he will be inside of will be nothing but frozen thick ice.’ 275

u əgʷ

ə

al ti ƛ’usəs ituts

u= əgʷ

ə

IRR=leave

1PL.SUB

al ti at

ƛ’u=s= as– itut=s HAB=NM=STAT–sleep=3PO

SPEC

‘ “We will leave him while he sleeps.” ’ 276 huˑy qʷib icut əxʷ ti ə

aci talbixʷ

huy

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ

ti ə

aci talbixʷ

SCONJ

prepared–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

people

‘Then the people get ready.’ 277

a əxʷ səscutəbs a =axʷ

s= as–cut–t–b=s

dark=now

NM=STAT–say–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘It is dark as they speak.’ 278 huy lə iləxʷ al ti i uˑp al ti i

huy

lə –il=axʷ

SCONJ

light–INCH=now

at

DIST

up dawn

‘Then it became light at dawn.’ 279 (h)uy dukʷutəbəxʷ huy

dukʷu–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

abnormal–ICS–PASS=now

‘Then they put a spell on him.’ 280

a a cutəxʷ tsi ə bəda s a a cut=axʷ distance.self=now

tsi ə

bəda –s

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO

‘His daughter distanced herself from him.’ 281 huy šədᶻaləxʷ huy šədᶻal=axʷ SCONJ

go.outdoors=now

‘Then she goes outside.’

Martha Williams Lamont

445

i šədᶻals

282 di di i

s=šədᶻal–s

suddenly

NM=go.outdoors–3PO

‘Just as soon as she goes out,’ 283 gʷəl ləq’axʷ ti ə tu al al tudəxʷ as gʷə al al əs gʷəstabəs kʷi cədi tudəxʷ as əlgʷə gʷəl

lə=q’axʷ

ti ə

tu= al al

tu=dəxʷ= a=s

SCONJ

PROG=frozen

PROX

PAST=house

PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO

gʷə= al al=as

gʷə=stab=as

kʷi

cədi

SBJ=house=3SBRD

SBJ=what=3SBRD

REM

s/he

tu=dəxʷ= a=s

əlgʷə

PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO

PL

‘The house where he was, if it were a house, whatever it was where they had been, freezes.’ 284 q’aˑxʷ q’axʷ frozen ‘It freezes.’ 285

ʷul’ul’əxʷ sq’axʷ ʷul’–ul’=axʷ

sq’axʷ

INTNS–only=now

ice

‘It is nothing but ice.’ 286 xʷi əxʷ gʷəstabəxʷ gʷəs id i gʷatəxʷ gʷəstab gʷəs al xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=stab=axʷ

gʷə=s= idigʷat=axʷ

gʷə=stab

gʷə=s= al

NEG=now

SBJ=what=now

SBJ=NM=say.what=now

SBJ=what

SBJ=NM=how

‘Nothing is said – nothing in any way.’ 287

a a be.there ‘There he is.’

288

əs itut ti i sbiaw as– itut STAT–sleep

ti i

sbiaw

DIST

coyote

‘Coyote is asleep.’

446

Coyote and His Daughter

289 huy gʷa ʷəxʷ ti ə

aci talbixʷ

huy

gʷa ʷ=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

walk=now

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘Then the people walk.’ 290 gʷi ’gʷi ’əxʷ dxʷ al kʷi udəxʷ u ʷs dxʷ adəxʷ kʷi uspaq’acuts ti ə gʷi ’gʷi ’=axʷ

dxʷ– al

kʷi

go.looking=now

CNTRPT–at

REM

kʷi REM

u=dəxʷ= u ʷ=s

dxʷ– ad=axʷ

IRR=ADNM=go=3PO

ti ə

u=s=paq’a–t–sut=s IRR=NM=distributed–ICS–REFL=3PO

PROX

CNTRPT–where=now

aci talbixʷ people

‘They look for where they could go, where the people could settle.’ 291

u i ibitəb ti ə sbiaw u– i i–bi–t–b PFV–embarassed–MAP–ICS–PASS

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘They have been shamed by Coyote.’ 292

ibəšəxʷ tsi ə bəda s ibəš=axʷ travel=now

tsi ə

bəda –s

PROX:FEM

offspring–3PO

‘His daughter travels.’ 293

u ʷ u ʷ go ‘She goes.’

aci talbixʷ

Martha Williams Lamont

447

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives as told by Martha Lamont1 1

i ista b i– ista –b ATTN–be.like–MD

‘They are like this.’ 2

gʷəl əs a lil ti i sbiaw i ti i bəda s gʷəl SCONJ

as– a lil

ti i

sbiaw

i

STAT–live

DIST

coyote

CONJ

ti i

bəda –s

DIST

offspring–3PO

‘And Coyote and his son live there.’ 3

əbs əgʷas ti ə bəda as–bəs– əgʷas STAT–PROP–wife

ə ti ə sbiaw ə tə səsa li

ti ə

bəda

PROX

offspring PR

ə

ti ə

sbiaw

ə

PROX

coyote

PR

tə

səsa li

NSPEC

two:HMN

‘The Son of Coyote has two wives.’ 4

həbu tsi i

əgʷas ə ti ə bəda

həbu

tsi i

əgʷas

pigeon

DIST:FEM

wife

ə ti ə sbiaw i tsi acəc stab s a hus

ə PR

tsi acəc

stab

s a hus

UNQ:FEM

what

sawbill

ti ə

bəda

ə

PROX

offspring PR

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

i CONJ

‘Pigeon is the wife of Coyote’s Son and (so) is, what is it?, Sawbill.’ 5

s a hus tsi ə

əgʷas dii ’u

s a hus

tsi ə

sawbill

PROX:FEM

əgʷas dii ’u wife

one:HMN

‘One wife is Sawbill.’ 6

ha

light ʷiqʷəq’ʷ tsi ə cədi s a hus

ha

light

ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ

good

light

colour–white

tsi ə

cədi

s a hus

PROX:FEM

s/he

sawbill

‘Sawbill is attractive and fair.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 5 September 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006).

448

7

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

ha

s adəy

ha

s adəy

good

woman

‘She is an attractive woman.’ 8

gʷəl tsi ə həbu gʷəl put ə ti əsƛ’u il s adəy gʷəl

tsi ə

həbu

gʷəl

put

ə ‿ti

SCONJ

PROX:FEM

pigeon

SCONJ

really

as–ƛ’u il

seemingly

s adəy

STAT–homely

woman

‘But as for Pigeon, it seems she is really a homely woman.’ 9

ti xʷi ləha a ə ‿ti seemingly

šu s adəy tsi i həbu

xʷi

lə=ha –ha

šu

s adəy

tsi i

həbu

NEG

NEGP=DSTR–good

see

woman

DIST:FEM

pigeon

‘It seems that Pigeon is not a good-looking woman.’ 10 tu ʷ (h)uy di

əgʷas ə ti ə bəda s s a a

tu ʷ huy

di

just

FOC

SCONJ

əgʷas wife

ə PR

ə ti ə sbiaw

ti ə

bəda –s

s a a

ə

PROX

offspring–3PO in.law

PR

ti ə PROX

sbiaw coyote ‘Nevertheless, she is a wife of his son, a (daughter-)in-law of Coyote.’ 11

əs a lil əlgʷə as– a lil

al ti i

əlgʷə

STAT–live

PL

al at

əsq’ʷu

ə ti ə bəda s

ti i DIST

as–q’ʷu

ə

STAT–gathered

PR

ti ə

bəda –s

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘They live together with his son.’ 12 gʷəl əshiq’ʷabitəb ə ti ə sbiaw tsi ə gʷəl

as–hiq’ʷab–bi–t–b

SCONJ

əgʷas s a hus ə

STAT–covet–MAP–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

sbiaw

tsi ə

PROX

coyote

PROX:FEM

əgʷas wife

s a hus sawbill ‘And Coyote is infatuated with this wife, Sawbill.’ 13 gʷəl di p’a xʷəxʷəbtub ə ti ə bəda

ə ti ə

gʷəl

di

p’a xʷəxʷəb–txʷ–b

SCONJ

FOC

be.less.desired:RDP–ECS–PASS

sbiaw

tsi ə

s a hus

coyote

PROX:FEM

sawbill

sbiaw tsi ə s a hus ə PR

ti ə

bəda

PROX

offspring

‘But Sawbill is not the favourite of the Son of Coyote.’

ə ti ə PR

PROX

Martha Williams Lamont

14 gʷəl tsi ə həbu gʷəl di

449

əgʷas

gʷəl

tsi ə

həbu

gʷəl

di

SCONJ

PROX:FEM

pigeon

SCONJ

FOC

əgʷas–s wife–3PO

‘Pigeon, she is his (true) wife.’ 15 di s aƛ’s əgʷas di

s= aƛ’=s

əgʷas

FOC

NM=desire=3PO

wife

‘She is the wife he likes.’ 16 gʷəl di əxʷ əshiq’ʷabitəb ə ti ə sbiaw luƛ’ sbiaw tsi ə s a a s s a hus gʷəl

di =axʷ

SCONJ

FOC=now

ə

as–hiq’ʷab–bi–t–b STAT–covet–MAP–ICS–PASS

sbiaw

tsi ə

s a a –s

s a hus

coyote

PROX:FEM

in.law–3PO

sawbill

PR

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote old

luƛ’

‘But his (daughter-)in-law, Sawbill, is desired by Coyote, Old Coyote.’ 17 tu ʷ huy əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs tul’ al ti ə bəda s tu ʷ just

huy

as– al

SCONJ

STAT–how

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s

tul’– al

ti ə

REM

SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO

CNTRFG–at

PROX

bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘But how can he manage to get her from his son?’ 18 tiləbəxʷ u ibəš tiləb=axʷ

u– ibəš

immediately=now

PFV–travel

‘Unexpectedly, he goes walking.’ 19 huyudəxʷ

kʷi

gʷədəxʷgʷə ’ədsəxʷ

kʷi

gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs

tsi ə

s a a s

əsp’a xʷəbiltub huyu–t=axʷ

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=gʷə ’a–t=s=axʷ

kʷi

made–ICS=now

REM

SBJ=ADNM=search–ICS=3PO=now

REM

gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s

tsi ə

s a a –s

SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO

PROX:FEM

in.law–3PO

as–p’a xʷəb–il–txʷ–b STAT–be.less.desired–INCH–ECS–PASS

‘He does it to find a way to get his (daughter-)in-law, who has fallen from favour.’

450

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

20 huy cutəbəxʷ ə kʷədi di i . . . huy

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

kʷədi

di i

REM.DMA

yonder

‘Then way off there he is told.’ 21 ƛ’uyəcəbtxʷ ... ƛ’u= u–yəc–b–txʷ HAB=PFV–report–MD–ECS

‘They always inform him.’ 22 ƛ’u u ʷ ƛ’u– u ʷ HAB–go

‘He always goes.’ 23 gʷəl ƛ’ugʷigʷədil ə kʷədi dəxʷ as gʷəl

ƛ’u=gʷi–gʷəd–il

SCONJ

HAB=ATTN–down–INCH

ə PR

kʷədi

dəxʷ= a=s

REM.DMA

ADNM=be.there=3PO

‘And he always squats (i.e., defecates) off where he is.’ 24 gʷəl ƛ’uhuy gʷəl

ƛ’u=huyu

SCONJ

HAB=made

‘And he always does it.’ 25 gʷəl ƛ’uwiliq’ʷid ti ə ƛ’usgʷigʷədils gʷəl

ƛ’u=wiliq’ʷi–t

ti ə

ƛ’u=s=gʷi–gʷəd–il=s

SCONJ

HAB=ask–ICS

PROX

HAB=NM=ATTN–down–INCH=3PO

‘And he always asks (his feces) whenever he squats.’ 26

əs ə id u dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa kʷi gʷədshuy al ti as– ə id

u

STAT–what.happen

INTJ

gʷə=d=s=huyu SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=made

d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa

kʷi

1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling

REM

al at

ti SPEC

‘ “What, oh my little brothers, can I do about this?” ’ 27 gʷəcutəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ dxʷqahigʷəd əxʷ gʷə=cut=axʷ SBJ=say=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

sixʷ

dxʷ–qa•igʷəd

PTCL

CTD–many•inside.body

‘ “You will just say as usual that you are clever.’

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

Martha Williams Lamont

451

28 ha kʷ gʷə ʷul’ əxʷ u u ʷ xʷa tab ha kʷ

gʷə= ʷul’

long.time

SBJ=only

əxʷ

u– u ʷ

2SG.SUB

PFV–go

xʷa

taba

2SG.COORD

do

‘ “In a while, you should just go and do it.’ 29

ʷul’ əxʷ uhuyid ə kʷi gʷədəxʷdᶻaƛ’əbs ʷul’ only

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

u–huyu–yi–t

ə

PFV–made–DAT–ICS

PR

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=dᶻaƛ’əb=s

REM

SBJ=ADNM=confused=3PO

‘ “You just make it for him so that he becomes confused.’ 30 gʷəl gʷə ʷil’ gʷəl

gʷə= ʷil’

SCONJ

SBJ=lost

‘ “And he will get lost.’ 31 hay u atəbəd lil ad ti i adbəda hay

u= atəbəd

SCONJ

lil

IRR=die

ad

far

where

ti i

ad–bəda

DIST

2SG.PO–offspring

‘ “So then your son will die far off somewhere.’ 32

əbil’ u ʷil’ ad əbil’

u= ʷil’

perhaps

ad

IRR=lost

where

‘ “Perhaps he will get lost somewhere.’ 33

ʷul’ əxʷ uhuyud əs ista stab kʷ(i) adsdᶻaƛ’ad ʷul’ only

əxʷ

u–huyu–t

2SG.SUB PFV–made–ICS ad=s=dᶻaƛ’a–t

as– ista STAT–be.like

stab

kʷi

what

REM

2SG.PO=NM=confused–ICS ‘ “You just make it like that so you confuse him.’ 34 gʷəl ʷil’ gʷəl SCONJ

ʷil’ lost

‘ “And he’ll get lost.’ 35 hay xʷa ukʷədxʷ ti i hay SCONJ

xʷa 2SG.COORD

aagʷəs u=kʷəda–dxʷ

ti i

IRR=taken–DC

DIST

‘ “And so you can take his wives.” ’

aagʷəs–s wife:PL–3PO

452

36

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

u ƛ’əld i dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa u INTJ

ƛ’əl–t

i

silent–ICS

d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa

2PL.IMP

1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling

‘ “Oh, be silent, my younger brothers!’ 37

uhuy əd əs ista u=huyu

as– ista

əd

IRR=made

1SG.SUB

STAT–be.like

‘ “I’ll do it like that.” ’ 38 t’uk’ʷəxʷ ti ə sbiaw t’uk’ʷ=axʷ

ti ə

sbiaw

go.home=now

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote goes home.’ 39 gʷəl (h)uy huy huyucutəxʷ əs ista gʷəl

huy

huy

huyu–t–sut=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

SCONJ

made–ICS–REFL=now

‘And then, then, he prepares himself like that.’ 40 xʷi ləha kʷ xʷi

lə=ha kʷ

NEG

NEGP=long.time

‘It is not long.’ 41 gʷəl u ʷ ibəš gʷəl SCONJ

u ʷ go

ibəš travel

‘And he goes, he walks.’ 42 gʷəl bələbəlkʷ gʷəl

bə=lə=bəlkʷ

SCONJ

ADD=PROG=return

‘And he is coming back again.’ 43 gʷəl cuucəxʷ ti ə bəda s gʷəl

cut–c=axʷ

ti ə

bəda –s

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘And he tells his son.’

as– ista STAT–be.like

Martha Williams Lamont

44

453

al al al ti ə bəda s dxʷsxʷi xʷi igʷs dxʷsxʷi xʷi al at

al al house

ə kʷədi stab s ubədi

ti ə

bəda –s

dxʷs–xʷi xʷi •igʷs

dxʷs–xʷi xʷi

PROX

offspring–3PO

PROC–hunt•things

PROC–hunt

kʷədi

stab

s ubədi

REM.DMA

what

hunter

‘His son, a forager of (many) things, a forager of the game-hunter type.’ 45 huy cuucəxʷ huy

cut–c=axʷ

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

‘Then (Coyote) tells him,’ 46 di t(i) adsxʷi xʷi dbəda ti al ti i ləkʷata

al tə a

di

ti

ad=sxʷi xʷi

d–bəda

ti

FOC

SPEC

2SG.PO=game

1SG.PO–offspring

SPEC

lə=kʷata

al

PROG=climb

at

tə NSPEC

al ti i at

DIST

a be.there

‘ “That is your game, my son, over there climbing where it is.’ 47

al tə a ləluluƛ’ qʷ ay

pay’ac

al

lə=lu–luƛ’

qʷ ay

PROG=ATTN–old

log

at

tə

a

NSPEC

be.there

pay’•ac cedar•tree

‘ “There it is on an ageing tree, a cedar tree.’ 48 ləkʷata dxʷ a ti i sƛ’iƛ’iq’š əd lə=kʷata

dxʷ– a

ti i

s–ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd

PROG=climb

CNTRPT–be.there

DIST

NP–sapsucker

‘ “Sapsucker is climbing there.’ 49 di gʷə stabəs di

gʷə=stab=as

FOC

SBJ=what=3SBRD

‘ “That is what it might be.’ 50 ƛ’uha

cicək’ʷilu

ƛ’u=ha

cicək’ʷilu

IRR=good

sapsucker

‘ “It could be a nice sapsucker.’

ə PR

454

51

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

ə ti di ƛ’adsut’uc’il ə ti i adsq’ ic ə ‿ti

di

seemingly

ƛ’u=ad=s= u–t’uc’il

FOC IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–shot.with.bow

ə

ti i

ad–sq’ ic

PR

DIST

2SG.PO–bow

‘ “It seems to be that which you shoot with your bow.” ’ 52

u day’ əd u u ʷc u

day’

əd

uniquely

INTJ

u= u ʷ–c

1SG.SUB

IRR=go–ALTV

‘ “Oh, I definitely will go after it.’ 53 ƛ’əld ƛ’əl–t silent–ICS ‘ “Keep still.” ’ 54

u u ʷəxʷ u– u ʷ=axʷ PFV–go=now

‘He goes.’ 55 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəds ista xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

gʷə=d=s= ista

NEG=now

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=be.like

‘ “I am out of that kind.” ’2 56 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə bəda s huy

u ʷ=axʷ ti ə

SCONJ

go=now

bəda –s

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘Then his son goes.’ 57

al tə a dbəda ti i sukʷata al tə at

NSPEC

a be.there

tsi SPEC:FEM

al at

ə tsi al tsi i

d–bəda

ti i

s= u–kʷata

1SG.PO–offspring

DIST

NM=PFV–climb

ə PR

tsi i DIST:FEM

‘ “Over there, my son, she is climbing over there.” ’

__________ 2

According to Hess (2006, 24), this may be a reference to the feather of this bird, used to fletch the Son of Coyote’s arrows.

Martha Williams Lamont

455

58 stab tsi ƛ’usda atəbs ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd ustab stab

tsi

ƛ’u=s=da a–t–b=s

ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd

u–stab

what

SPEC:FEM

IRR=NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO

sapsucker

PFV–what

‘What did she used to be called? Sapsucker, or what?’ 59 ƛ’ulədᶻəlalap ƛ’u=lə=dᶻəl•alap HAB=PROG=turn•cylinder

‘She would go around the trunk.’ 60 ƛ’ulə u ʷ tsi tit ul’bixʷ ƛ’u=lə= u ʷ

tsi

tit ul’bixʷ

HAB=PROG=go

SPEC:FEM

small.animal

‘This little creature would go.’ 61

ə ti a ti i ƛ’u i əc ƛ’usəstabs al ti i ə ‿ti

a

seemingly al

be.there ti i

at

’əptəla ads

ti i

ƛ’u= i– əc

ƛ’u=s=lə=stab=s

DIST

HAB=colour–red

HAB=NM=PROG=what=3PO

’əptəla ad–s wing–3PO

DIST

‘It was sort of red or something there on her wings.’ 62 gʷəl di xʷu ələ ƛ’ušə s ə ti ti i gʷə q’ ic gʷədəxʷut’uc’il dəxʷuxʷi xʷi

ə

ti ə bəda s gʷəl SCONJ

di

xʷu ələ

ƛ’u=s=šə =s

ə ‿ti

FOC

maybe

HAB=NM=make=3PO

seemingly

gʷə=dəxʷ= u–t’uc’il

dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi

ə

SBJ=ADNM=PFV–shot.with.bow

ADNM=PFV–hunt

PR

ti i

gʷə

q’ ic

DIST

ASSC

bow

ti ə PROX

bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘And (those red feathers), I guess, are what his son apparently uses to make (fletching) for the bow he would shoot with, for his hunting.’ 63

u ʷ u ʷ go ‘He goes.’

456

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

64 gʷa səshuydxʷyids gʷa

s= as–huyu–dxʷ–yi–t=s

INTJ

NM=STAT–made–DC–DAT–ICS=3PO

‘But it has been prepared for him.’ 65 tu ʷ uhuyud əs ista tu ʷ

as– ista

u–huyu–t

just

PFV–made–ICS

STAT–be.like

‘In contrast to what he expects, (Coyote) had made it this way.’ 66

əshuyudəxʷ as–huyu–t=axʷ STAT–made–ICS=now

‘It is a set up.’ 67

əxʷdikʷdxʷ tsi ə ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd as–dxʷ–dikʷ–dxʷ STAT–CTD–advise–DC

tsi ə

ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd

PROX:FEM

sapsucker

‘(Coyote) has instructed Sapsucker,’ 68

əbil’ uləkʷata ti i dbəda əbil’ perhaps

u=lə=kʷata IRR=PROG=climb

xʷ a

ʷul’ lə u ʷ ləkʷata

ti i

d–bəda

DIST

1SG.PO–offspring 2SG.COORD only

lə= u ʷ

lə=kʷata

PROG=go

PROG=climb

xʷa

ʷul’

‘ “When my son is climbing, you just go, climb.’ 69

’i ’təxʷ əxʷ ’i– ’t=axʷ

əxʷ

ATTN–near=now

2SG.SUB

‘ “You (keep) near him.’ 70 gʷəl ubəxʷi kʷi s kʷədubicids xʷa bə u ʷ xʷa u ʷtxʷ xʷa u ʷtxʷ gʷəl

u=bə=xʷi

SCONJ

IRR=ADD=NEG

bə= u ʷ ADD=go

kʷi

s=kʷəda–dxʷ–bicid=s

REM

NM=taken–DC–2SG.OBJ=3PO

xʷa 2SG.COORD

u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS

xʷa 2SG.COORD

xʷa 2SG.COORD

u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS

‘ “And he will not get you and you go again and you lead him on, you lead him on.’

Martha Williams Lamont

457

71 gʷəl u alil tudi šəq ’i ’əya al gʷəl

u= al–il

SCONJ

IRR=at–INCH

tudi

šq

DIST.DMA

high

’i ’əya al treetop

‘ “And he will reach yonder high treetop.’ 72 hay gʷəl uqʷšabəxʷ hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u=qʷšab=axʷ IRR=foggy=now

‘ “And then it will get foggy.’ 73 gʷəl u ʷil’ ti i dbəda gʷəl SCONJ

u= ʷil’

ti i

d–bəda

IRR=lost

DIST

1SG.PO–offspring

‘ “And my son will get lost.’ 74

əscut ti i d ə bid as–cut

ti i

d– ə bid

STAT–say

DIST

1SG.PO–intentions

‘ “These are my intentions.” ’ 75 huy huyucutəxʷ əs ista tsi ə tit ul’bixʷ huy

huyu–t–sut=axʷ

as– ista

SCONJ

made–ICS–REFL=now

STAT–be.like

tsi ə

tit ul’bixʷ

PROX:FEM

small.animal

‘So this little creature makes herself like that.’ 76 cuucəxʷ cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now ‘(Coyote) says to him,’ 77 tə a tə sukʷata tə

a

NSPEC

be.there

ə tsi i adsxʷi xʷi dbəda tə

s= u–kʷata

NSPEC

NM=PFV–climb

d–bəda 1SG.PO–offspring ‘ “There your game is climbing, my son.’ 78 tə a tə NSPEC

a be.there

‘ “There.’

ə PR

tsi i

ad=s–xʷi xʷi

DIST:FEM

2SG.PO=game

458

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

79 šxʷu uc əxʷ tə a ə ti3 šu –c

əxʷ

see–ALTV

tə

2SG.SUB

a

ə

be.there

NSPEC

ti

PR

SPEC

‘ “You can see it just there.’ 80

əsxʷəctxʷ əxʷ ti i adbita s ti i adsəs əqšad ti i adƛ’əwc’la ad ti i adstab əxʷ

as–xʷəc–txʷ STAT–removed–ECS

ti i

2SG.SUB

DIST

ad–bita s

ti i

2SG.PO–breechcloth

DIST

ad=s= as– əq•šad

ti i

ad–ƛ’əwc’la ad

ti i

ad–stab

2SG.PO=NM=STAT–wrapped•leg

DIST

2SG.PO–armbands

DIST

what

‘ “Take off your breechcloth, your leg wraps, your leg wrappings, your armbands, your things.’ 81 xʷəcəd əxʷ al tə a xʷəc–t

əxʷ

removed–ICS

al

2SG.SUB at

tə

a

NSPEC

be.there

‘ “Take them off over there.’ 82 gʷəl əsqʷat txʷ ti i adsƛ’alabac gʷəl

as–qʷata–txʷ

SCONJ

STAT–laid.out

–ECS

ti i

ad=s=ƛ’al•abac

DIST

2SG.PO=NM=put.on•body

‘ “And have your clothes laid out.’ 83

ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ əsxʷə sƛ’alabac kʷ(i) ads u ʷ ti i ƛ’usǰu adadəxʷ kʷədi di i ti i ƛ’adsəs id idšəd ʷul’=axʷ

əxʷ

only=now 2SG.SUB

as–xʷə STAT–lack

s=ƛ’al•abac

kʷi

ad=s= u ʷ

ti i

NM=put.on•body

REM

2SG.PO=NM=go

DIST

ƛ’u=sǰu adad=axʷ

kʷədi

di i

ti i

HAB=regalia=now

REM.DMA

yonder

DIST

ƛ’u=ad=s= as– id– idi•šəd HAB=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–DSTR–tied•leg

‘ “Just go without clothes, the regalia there which you have tied to your legs.” ’ 84 ƛ’usəsǰu adads ƛ’u=s= as–ǰu adad=s HAB=NM=STAT–wear.regalia=3PO

‘It’s that he would wear regalia.’

__________ 3

šxʷuʔuc is Coyote’s pronunciation of šuuc ‘see something, look at something’.

Martha Williams Lamont

459

85 huy huyucutəxʷ əs ista ti ə bəda s huy

huyu–t–sut=axʷ

SCONJ

made–ICS–REFL=now

as– ista STAT–be.like

ti ə

bəda –s

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘Then his son prepared himself like that.’ 86 gʷəl kʷata

i

gʷəl

kʷata

i

SCONJ

climb

INTJ

‘And he climbs eagerly.’ 87 di di əxʷ šəq di –di =axʷ

šq

DSTR–other.side=now

high

‘He is way up high now.’ 88

a a be.there ‘(Coyote) is there.’

89

əskiis as–kiis STAT–stand

‘He is standing (there).’ 90

əšuuc as–šu –c STAT–see–ALTV

‘He is looking at him.’ 91 tadi əxʷ bətadi əxʷ tə bəsu u ʷs dbəda tadi =axʷ

bə=tadi =axʷ

tə

bə=s= u– u ʷ=s

DIST.DMA=now

ADD=DIST.DMA=now

NSPEC

ADD=NM=PFV–go=3PO

d–bəda 1SG.PO–offspring ‘ “Further over there, over there it goes again, my son.” ’ 92

u ʷ u ʷ go ‘(Sapsucker) goes.’

460

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

93 gʷəl bədᶻəlalap gʷəl bə=dᶻəl•alap SCONJ

ADD=turn•trunk

‘And she goes around to the other side of the trunk again.’ 94 hay bə ’i ’təxʷ hay

bə= ’i– ’t=axʷ

SCONJ

ADD=ATTN–near=now

‘Then (Coyote’s Son) got a little closer.’ 95 gʷəl tu ʷ huy lə u ʷ gʷəl

tu ʷ

huy

lə= u ʷ

SCONJ

just

SCONJ

PROG=go

‘But she goes on.’ 96 ƛ’u i əlal’əxʷ ƛ’u= i– əlal’=axʷ HAB=ATTN–come.up.short=now

‘She would almost be caught.’ 97 gʷəl ubə u ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go

‘But she would go again.’ 98 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u ʷ go

‘And go.’ 99 gʷəl u ʷtub ti ə bəda s ə tudi gʷəl SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS

ti ə

bəda –s

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘So his son is taken away (up) there.’ 100 tadi əxʷ ti bəsu u ʷs tadi =axʷ

ti

bə=s= u– u ʷ=s

DIST.DMA=now

SPEC

ADD=NM=PFV–go=3PO

‘She is way off there now.’

ə PR

tudi DIST.DMA

Martha Williams Lamont

461

101 huy šu əxʷ ti ə bəda s huy

šu =axʷ

ti ə

bəda –s

SCONJ

see=now

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘Then his son sees.’ 102

u u ə id əw’ə sixʷ ti i adəxʷuc’ic’əyikʷalusbid tsi i tsi ə dsuxʷi xʷi u– ə id

u

PFV–what.happen

INTJ

əw’ə sixʷ

ti i

PTCL

DIST

PTCL

ad=dəxʷ= u–c’ic’əyikʷ•alus–bi–t

tsi i

tsi ə

2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–wink•eye–MAP–ICS

DIST:FEM

PROX:FEM

d=s= u–xʷi xʷi 1SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt ‘ “Oh! Why are you winking at my prey?’ 103

a əw’ə sixʷ ti i adsuhuy ti ƛ’ubə s tiləbsəxʷ ƛ’ubəšəq a be.there

əw’ə

sixʷ

ti i

ad=s= u–huyu

ti

PTCL

PTCL

DIST

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made

SPEC

ƛ’u=bə=s=tiləb=s=axʷ

ƛ’u=bə=šq

HAB=ADD=NM=immediately=3PO=now

HAB=ADD=high

‘ “There is something you do to make it suddenly go high(er) again.” ’ 104 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘ “No,’ 105 tu ʷ əd ƛ’udxʷqʷibalusəb dbəda tu ʷ just

əd 1SG.SUB

ƛ’u=dxʷ–qʷib•alus–ab

d–bəda

HAB=CTD–prepared•eye–DSD

1SG.PO–offspring

‘ “I just want to fix my eye, my son.’ 106 tu ʷ əd ƛ’uqʷibid ti dqəlu b tu ʷ just

əd 1SG.SUB

ƛ’u=qʷibi–t

ti

d–qəlu b

HAB=prepared–ICS

SPEC

1SG.PO–eye

‘ “I am just fixing my eye.” ’ 107 huy bə u ʷ huy

bə= u ʷ

SCONJ

ADD=go

‘Then (Coyote’s Son) goes again.’

462

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

108 bəkʷata bə=kʷata ADD=climb

‘He climbs some more.’ 109 gʷa( ) səsyayuss gʷa

s= as–yayus=s

INTJ

NM=STAT–work=3PO

‘It is his work.’ 110 gʷa( ) səshuyalcs gʷa

s= as–huyu–alc=s

INTJ

NM=STAT–made–PRDCT=3PO

‘It is what he does.’ 111

u ʷ u ʷ go ‘He goes.’

112 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl

u ʷ

SCONJ

go

‘And he goes.’ 113 gʷəl kʷata tub ə tudi šəq ə ti ə cədi gʷəl

kʷata –txʷ–b

SCONJ

climb–ECS–PASS as–lu –luƛ’

ə PR

əslu luƛ’ qʷ ay

tudi

šq

DIST.DMA

high PR

ə

qʷ ay

STAT–ATTN–old

log

‘And he is taken way up this old cedar tree.’ 114 huy gʷəl aliləxʷ tudi šəq huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

al–il=axʷ at–INCH=now

tudi

šq

DIST.DMA

high

‘And then he is way up there.’ 115 huy dᶻak’ʷu qʷšabədəxʷ huy dᶻak’ʷu qʷšab–t=axʷ SCONJ

at.long.last

foggy–ICS=now

‘Only then at last Coyote fogs things up.’

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

Martha Williams Lamont

463

116 kʷədadəxʷ ti i s tabs kʷəda–t=axʷ

ti i

stab–s

taken–ICS=now

DIST

what–3PO

‘He takes his thing.’ 117 gʷəl (h)uy xʷalusədəxʷ gʷəl

huy

xʷalus–t=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

wave–ICS=now

‘And he waves it.’ 118 gʷəl (h)uy qʷšaˑbəxʷ gʷəl

huy

qʷšab=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

foggy=now

‘And so it becomes really foggy.’ 119 gʷəl xʷi əxʷ kʷi stabəxʷ gʷəšudub ə kʷi gʷə ad gʷəl

xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

stab=axʷ

gʷə=s=šu –dxʷ–b

SCONJ

NEG=now

REM

what=now

SBJ=NM=see–DC–PASS

ə PR

kʷi REM

gʷə= ad SBJ=where

‘And nothing can be seen anywhere.’ 120

ʷil’əxʷ ti i bəda s al kʷədi šəq ʷil’=axʷ

ti i

bəda –s

al

lost=now

DIST

offspring–3PO

at

kʷədi

šq

REM.DMA

high

‘His son gets lost way up high.’ 121 huy xʷu ələ

ə idəxʷ

huy

xʷu ələ

SCONJ

maybe

ə id=axʷ what.happen=now

‘Then maybe what happened,’ 122 gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ ə kʷi stab dxʷ adəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

ə

go–ECS–PASS=now PR

kʷi

stab

dxʷ– ad=axʷ

REM

what

CNTRPT–where=now

‘Well, something takes him somewhere.’ 123 dabəxʷ dxʷ q’abacəxʷ dab=axʷ

dxʷ– q’•abac=axʷ

instead=now

CTD–be.across•body=now

‘So that now he is on the other side.’

464

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

124 dabəxʷ dxʷšəq kʷi tus u ʷs ti i bəda s dab=axʷ

dxʷ–šq

kʷi

tu=s= u ʷ=s

ti i

bəda –s

instead=now

CNTRPT–high

REM

PAST=NM=go=3PO

DIST

offspring–3PO

‘So instead when his son went up high,’ 125 tiˑləbəxʷ lət’agʷt al kʷədi dii ’u swatixʷtəd al kʷədi dəxʷ as šəq tiləb=axʷ

lə=t’agʷt

immediately=now

PROG=on.top

al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

kʷədi

dəxʷ= a=s

šq

REM.DMA

ADNM=be.there=3PO

high

dii ’u

swatixʷtəd

one:HMN

land

‘All at once he is going along on top of another world there where he is high.’ 126 huy šudxʷəxʷ ləli huy

šu –dxʷ=axʷ

ləli

SCONJ

see–DC=now

different

‘Then he sees that is it different.’ 127 gʷa ʷa ʷ gʷa ʷ–a ʷ DIM.EFF–walk

‘He strolls about.’ 128 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘ “No.’ 129 ləli əxʷ ti ə cəxʷu ibəš ləli =axʷ

ti ə

d=dəxʷ= u– ibəš

different=now

PROX

1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–travel

‘ “Now it is different where I am walking.” ’ 130 huy ibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘Then he travels.’ 131 p’aƛ’acutəxʷ p’aƛ’acut=axʷ grope.along=now ‘He is disoriented.’

al at

Martha Williams Lamont

132

465

ibəšəxʷ al ti i sut’adᶻaq s swatixʷtəd u stab kʷədi dəxʷt’agʷts ibəš=axʷ al ti i s= u–t’adᶻaq=s swatixʷtəd u travel=now

at

NM=PFV–be.parallel=3PO

DIST

kʷədi

dəxʷ=t’agʷt=s

REM.DMA

ADNM=on.top=3PO

land

INTJ

stab what

‘He travels now in that parallel world or whatever there, where he was on top.’ 133

iˑbəšəxʷ i ibəš=axʷ

i

travel=now

INTJ

‘He travels on and on .’ 134 gʷəl əy’dxʷ tsi ə luƛ’ gʷəl

əy’–dxʷ find–DC

SCONJ

tsi ə

luƛ’

PROX:FEM

old

‘And he finds an old woman.’ 135 gʷəl ləcuuc gʷəl

lə=cut–c

SCONJ

PROG=say–ALTV

‘And then he speaks to her.’ 136 cutəb ə tsi ə luƛ’ ə

cut–t–b

say–ICS–PASS PR

tsi ə

luƛ’

PROX:FEM

old

‘He is spoken to by this old woman,’ 137

uˑ d ibac u u INTJ

d– ibac

u

1SG.PO–grandson

INTJ

‘ “Oh, my Grandson, oh.’ 138 tul’ adəxʷ kʷ(i) adsu ibəš d ibac tul’– ad=axʷ

kʷi

ad=s= u– ibəš

d– ibac

CNTRFG–where=now

REM

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel

1SG.PO–grandson

‘ “From where are you travelling, my Grandson?” ’ 139

u kia u INTJ

u ʷil’ əd kia grandmother

u– ʷil’ PFV–lost

‘ “Oh, Grandmother, I got lost.’

əd 1SG.SUB

466

140

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

u ibəštub əd ə ti dbad sbiaw u– ibəš–txʷ–b

əd

PFV–travel–ECS–PASS

1SG.SUB

ə PR

ti

d–bad

sbiaw

SPEC

1SG.PO–father

coyote

‘ “My father, Coyote, took me.’ 141 gʷəl huyic ə tə cəxʷ ʷil’ gʷəl

huyu–yi–t–s

SCONJ

made–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ

ə PR

tə

d=dəxʷ= ʷil’

NSPEC

1SG.PO=ADNM=lost

‘ “And he made me get lost.’ 142 cədi ti i

uhuyuc

cədi

ti i

s/he

DIST

u–huyu–t–s PFV–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “He is the one who did it to me.’ 143

əs ista ti ə cəxʷu ibəš as– ista STAT–be.like

ti ə

d=dəxʷ= u– ibəš

PROX

1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–travel

‘ “Thus it is that I am travelling.’ 144 tu ʷ əd ləwiliq’ʷ tu ʷ

əd

just

lə=wiliq’ʷ

1SG.SUB

PROG=ask

‘ “Therefore, I am going along asking,’ 145 stab kʷi gʷəcəxʷtə ə dxʷgʷəd dxʷ al ti tucəxʷtul’ a stab

kʷi

gʷə=d=dəxʷ=tə ə

dxʷ–gʷəd

dxʷ– al

what

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=ADNM=arrive.safely

CNTRPT–down

CNTRPT–at

ti

tu=d=dəxʷ=tul’– a

SPEC

PAST=1SG.PO=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there

‘ “What way can I get down safely to where I am from?” ’ 146

u d ibac acəc ti i … u INT

d– ibac

acəc

1SG.PO–grandson

be.in.place

‘ “Oh, my Grandson, there is the one ...’ 147

acəc ti i ... acəc be.in.place

ti i DIST

‘ “There is the one ...” ’

ti i DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

467

148 stab ti i ƛ’uda atəbs ti al ti i ƛ’utu ʷalikʷ stab

ti i

ƛ’u=da a–t–b=s

ti

what

DIST

HAB=named–ICS–PASS=3PO

SPEC

al ti i AT

DIST

ƛ’u= u–tu ʷu–alikʷ HAB=PFV–stretch–ACT

‘What is he called, the one who stretches it?’ 149 tupəl’ tupəl’ spider Levi Lamont: ‘Spider.’ 150 tupəl’ al ti i , i tupəl’ tupəl’ spider

al at

ti i

i

tupəl’

DIST

yes

spider

Martha Lamont: ‘ “Spider, that’s it, yes, Spider.’ 151 luƛ’ tupəl’ luƛ’

tupəl’

old

spider

‘Old Spider.’ 152 luƛ’ aci talbixʷ luƛ’

aci talbixʷ

old

people

‘He is an old person.’ 153 tupəl’ ad s capa tupəl’

ad–scapa

spider

2SG.PO–grandfather

‘ “He is Spider, your grandfather.’ 154 gʷə is əxʷ al ti ə xʷi ləlil xʷa cuuc gʷə= il–s SBJ=arrive–ALTV

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

al at

ti ə

xʷi

lə=lil

PROX

NEG

NEGP=far

cut–c say–ALTV ‘ “You can reach him not far away and speak to him.’

xʷa 2SG.COORD

468

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

155 xʷi u xʷ kʷi gʷəs abaqcids dxʷgʷəd xʷi

u xʷ kʷi

gʷə=s= abaq–t–sid=s

dxʷ–gʷəd

NEG

PTCL

SBJ=NM=give.back–ICS–2SG.OBJ=3PO

CNTRPT–down

REM

‘ “He still has not returned you (to the world) below.’ 156 di ƛ’utu ʷalikʷ dxʷgʷəd di

ƛ’u= u–tu ʷu–alikʷ

dxʷ–gʷəd

FOC

HAB=PFV–stretch–ACT

CNTRPT–down

‘ “He is the one who stretches things downward.’ 157 gʷəl uxʷt’agʷil ti i tupəl’ gʷəl SCONJ

u= u–xʷt’a–agʷil IRR=PFV–descend–AUTO

ti i

tupəl’

DIST

spider

‘ “And Spider can climb down.” ’ 158 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then he goes.’ 159

u kia u INTJ

u u ʷ əd kia

u= u ʷ

grandmother

IRR=go

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “Oh, Grandmother, I will go.” ’ 160

is ti ə luƛ’ il–s arrive–ALTV

ti ə

luƛ’

PROX

old

‘He arrives at the old man.’ 161 gʷəl ləcuuc gʷəl

lə=cut–c

SCONJ

PROG=say–ALTV

‘And he says to him,’ 162 lə il əd capa dxʷ al dəgʷi lə= il PROG=arrive

əd 1SG.SUB

capa

dxʷ– al

dəgʷi

grandfather

CNTRPT–at

you

‘ “I am coming to you, Grandfather.” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

163

469

u d ibac u

d– ibac 1SG.PO–grandson

INTJ

‘ “Oh, my Grandson.” ’ 164 tudᶻaƛ’atəb əd ə ti tudbad sbiaw əd tu=dᶻaƛ’a–t–b PAST=confused–ICS–PASS

ə

1SG.SUB

PR

ti

tu=d–bad

sbiaw

SPEC

PAST=1SG.PO–father

coyote

‘ “I was deceived by my father, Coyote.’ 165 gʷəl u ʷil’ əd al ti ə šəq dabəxʷ ti ə ds əs bə gʷəl

u– ʷil’

SCONJ

PFV–lost

əd

al

1SG.SUB at

ti ə

šq

dab=axʷ

ti ə

PROX

high

instead=now

PROX

d=s= as–bə 1SG.PO=NM=STAT–fall ‘ “And I got lost high up here instead of my being down below.’ 166 gʷəl kʷi gʷəcəxʷtə ə dxʷgʷəd ti ə cəxʷu isbicid dscapa gʷəl SCONJ

kʷi

gʷə=d=dəxʷ=tə ə

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=ADNM=arrive.safely

dxʷ–gʷəd

ti ə

CNTRPT–down

PROX

d=dəxʷ= u– il–s–bicid

d–scapa

1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–arrive–ALTV–2SG.OBJ

1SG.PO–grandfather

‘ “And I have come to you so I can get back down safely, my Grandfather.’ 167 xʷi

u kʷi gʷadshuyud kʷi gʷadsxʷit’ilc dxʷgʷəd

xʷi

u

NEG

INT

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s=huyu-d

kʷi

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NOM=made–ICS

REM

gʷə=ad=s=xʷit’–il–t–s

dxʷ–gʷəd

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=descend–INCH–ICS–1SG.OBJ

CNTRPT–down

‘ “Could you not lower me downward?” ’ 168 huy cutəb ə ti ə luƛ’ huy

cut–t–b

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

ə PR

ti ə

luƛ’

PROX

old

‘Then it is spoken by this old man,’ 169

u d ibac u INT

d– ibac 1SG.PO–grandson

‘ “Oh, my Grandson,” ’

470

170

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

əs ə id kʷi gʷadscutəbš dxʷ al kʷi gʷəcəxʷhuyucid əs ista as– ə id STAT–what.happen

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s=cut–t–bš

dxʷ– al

kʷi

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=say–ICS–1SG.OBJ

CNTRPT–at

REM

gʷə=d=dəxʷ=huyu–t–sid

as– ista

SBJ=1SG.PO=ADNM=made–ICS–2SG.OBJ

STAT–be.like

‘ “What are you saying to me so that I should treat you that way?” ’ 171 gʷəq’p’ucid əd gʷə=q’p’u–t–sid

əd

SBJ=pay–ICS–2SG.OBJ

1SG.SUB

‘ “Should I pay you?” ’ 172 xʷi

kʷi gʷadsuq’p’uc d ibac

xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s= u–q’p’u–t–s

d– ibac

NEG

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–pay–ICS–1SG.OBJ

1SG.PO–grandson

‘ “You don’t pay me, my Grandson.’ 173 yaw’ əxʷ u uq’p’uc yaw’

əxʷ

only.if

u

2SG.SUB

u–q’p’u–t–s

INT

PFV–pay–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “(Should I help you) only if you pay me?’ 174 stab kʷ(i) adsuhuyutəb s ušəbabdxʷ ə ti i adbad stab

kʷi

ad=s= u–huyu–t–b

s ušəbabdxʷ

what

REM

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made–ICS–PASS

poor.guy

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

ad–bad 2SG.PO–father ‘ “What did your father do to you, poor fellow?’ 175 ƛ’ub əd u abaqcid ƛ’ub well

əd 1SG.SUB

u= abaq–t–sid IRR=return–ICS–2SG.OBJ

‘ “I should return you.’ 176

a ti al tudi ƛ’aslu

əda ƛ’u u ʷ

a

tudi

ƛ’u= as–lu

DIST.DMA

HAB=STAT–holed

be.there

ti SPEC

al at

‘ “There is a hole over there and I go (through it).’

əda 1SG.COORD

ƛ’u= u– u ʷ HAB=PFV–go

Martha Williams Lamont

471

177 xʷi ləha kʷ ti ƛ’udsəsgəq’əd xʷi

lə=ha kʷ

ti

ƛ’u=d=s= as–gəq’–t

NEG

NEGP=long.time

SPEC

HAB=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–open–ICS

‘ “Not for long do I have it open.’ 178 yə i tiləb ƛ’u əƛ’ ti i šəxʷəb dxʷ al əslu yə i

tiləb

ƛ’u= əƛ’

ti i

šəxʷəb dxʷ– al

because

immediately

HAB=come

DIST

wind

CNTRPT–at

as–lu STAT–holed

‘ “Because right away a wind comes through the hole.’ 179 ƛ’u idub ə ti ə

aci talbixʷ

ƛ’u= ii–dxʷ–b

ə

HAB=catch.on–DC–PASS

ti ə

PR

PROX

aci talbixʷ people

‘ “(The hole) would be noticed by the (Sky) People.’ 180 gʷəl əs ista kʷi udəxʷ a s kʷi us u ʷ ə gʷəl SCONJ

as– ista

kʷi

STAT–be.like

u=dəxʷ= a =s

REM

IRR=ADNM=fast=3PO

kʷi REM

u=s= u ʷ IRR=NM=go

‘ “And for this reason it must be fast when we go.’ 181

a ti i dt’əbi əd gʷətə ə dxʷgʷəd a be.there

ti i

d–t’əbi əd

gʷə=tə ə

dxʷ–gʷəd

DIST

1SG.PO–rope

HAB=arrive.safely

CNTRPT–down

‘ “I have a rope for getting down safely.” ’ 182 t’əbi əd t’əbi əd rope ‘It is a rope.’ 183 stab xʷu ələ ti i t’əbi əds stab

xʷu ələ

ti i

t’əbi əd–s

what

maybe

DIST

rope–3PO

‘The thing is, I guess, his rope.’ 184 di i tul’ al cədi di –i

tul’– al

cədi

INTNS–FOC

CNTRFG–at

s/he

‘It is from him.’

ə 1PL.PO

472

185

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

ʷul’ ƛ’utabəd ti i xʷš i aps ʷul’ ƛ’u=taba–t only

HAB=do–ICS

ti i

xʷ–š •i •ap–s

DIST

CTD–make•covering•bottom–3PO

‘He just activates that which is produced under him.’ 186 gʷəl (h)ay ƛ’askʷədabacəxʷ gʷəl

hay

ƛ’u= as–kʷəd•abac=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

HAB=STAT–taken•body=now

‘And then it would be held in the body.’ 187 gʷəl utu ʷəxʷ ti i cədi gʷu ididəs ti ə cədi gʷəxʷit’il gʷəl

u=tu ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

IRR=stretch=now

ti i

cədi

gʷə= u– idi–t=as

ti ə

cədi

DIST

s/he

SBJ=PFV–tied–ICS=3SBRD

PROX

s/he

gʷə=xʷit’il SBJ=descend

‘And it will stretch when the one who would descend is tied to it.’ 188

uxʷt’agʷil əxʷ xʷa di i adsbə dxʷgʷəd xʷa utit ʷud ə kʷi ixʷa u= u–xʷt’a–agʷil

əxʷ

IRR=PFV–descend–AUTO

dxʷ–gʷəd

xʷa

2SG.SUB 2SG.COORD

xʷa

CNTRPT–down

di i

2SG.COORD

u=ad=s=bə

suddenly

u=ti–t ʷu–t

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=fall

ə

IRR=ATTN–pull–ICS

PR

kʷi REM

ixʷ•a three•CLS

‘ “You’ll climb down and as soon as you are down below, you’ll tug three times.’ 189 di

adsbə

di

adstə ə u=ad=s=bə

suddenly

u=ad=s=tə ə

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=fall

IRR=2SG.PO=NM=arrive.safely

‘ “As soon as you are down, you will have arrived safely.’ 190 di

adsgʷə agʷil

di suddenly

u=ad=s=gʷə a–agʷil IRR=2SG.PO=NM=untied–AUTO

‘ “You will immediately untie yourself.’ 191 di əxʷ kʷi us əƛ’ ə ti i dt’əbi əd di =axʷ

kʷi

suddenly=now

REM

u=s= əƛ’ IRR=NM=come

ə

ti i

d–t’əbi əd

PR

DIST

1SG.PO–rope

‘ “My rope will then come (back) right away.’

Martha Williams Lamont

473

192 yə i əd ʷul’ askʷədabac yə i

əd

because

ʷul’

1SG.SUB

only

u= as–kʷəd•abac IRR=STAT–take•body

‘ “Because I will just hold it in (my) body.” ’ 193 hay əs ista hay

əd capa

as– ista

əd

STAT–be.like

SCONJ

capa

1SG.SUB

grandfather

‘ “So be it, Grandfather.” ’ 194 huy huy SCONJ

‘ “Good-bye.” ’ 195

əstab kʷi gʷədsq’p’ucid as–stab STAT–what

kʷi

gʷə=d=s=q’p’u–t–sid

REM

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=pay–ICS–2SG.OBJ

‘ “What should I pay you?” ’ 196 xʷi gʷadsq’p’uc ə kʷi gʷəstab xʷi

gʷə=ad=s=q’p’u–t–s

NEG

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=pay–ICS–1SG.OBJ

ə PR

kʷi

gʷə=stab

REM

SBJ=what

‘ “Don’t pay me anything.’ 197 day’ ti i

ə ti stab ti tucuuc udaw’ u stab

day’

ti i

uniquely

DIST

ə ‿ti seemingly

stab

ti

tu=cut–c

what

SPEC

PAST=say–ALTV

udaw’ fat

u

stab

INTJ

what

‘ “Only that kind of – what is called marrow or whatever.’ 198 gʷəl tu ʷ əs al kʷi gʷadsuhuyuc gʷəl

tu ʷ

SCONJ

just

as– al STAT–how

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s= u–huyu–t–s

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ

‘ “But how could you get it to me?’ 199 day’ əxʷ uhayayad day’ uniquely

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

u=hayayad IRR=figure.out.how

‘ “You will simply figure out how.’

474

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

200 huy ƛ’ub huy

ƛ’ub

SCONJ

well

‘ “That is sufficient.” ’ 201 gʷəl lə u ʷ ti s ušəbabdxʷ tupəl’ gʷəl

lə= u ʷ

ti

s ušəbabdxʷ

tupəl’

SCONJ

PROG=go

SPEC

poor.guy

spider

‘Then humble Spider went.’ 202 gʷəl bəgi gq’əd ti ə cədi ƛ’udəxʷukʷata s gʷəl

bə=gi –gq’–t

ti ə

cədi

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–kʷata =s

SCONJ

ADD=ATTN–open–ICS

PROX

s/he

HAB=ADNM=PFV–climb=3PO

‘And again he briefly opened this (hole) where he climbs.’ 203 gʷəl uləƛ’iqagʷil gʷəl

u=lə=ƛ’iqi–agʷil

SCONJ

IRR=PROG=emerge–AUTO

‘And he will emerge (on the other side).’ 204 gʷəl ulət ʷudəxʷ ti ə t’əbi əds gʷəl

u=lə=t ʷu–t=axʷ

SCONJ

IRR=PROG=pull–ICS=now

ti ə

t’əbi əd–s

PROX

rope–3PO

‘And he will pull his rope (along).’ 205 huy di i

a

huy

di –i

SCONJ

INTNS–FOC

a be.there

‘Then it was just there.’ 206

a al ti i s acigʷəds ti ə t’əbi əds a

al ti i

be.there

at

DIST

s= ac•igʷəd=s

ti ə

t’əbi əd–s

NM=centre•inside.body=3PO

PROX

rope–3PO

‘There was his rope inside him.’ 207 ƛ’utu ʷud ti i dəxʷsxʷtu ʷtu ʷalikʷ ə ti ə cədi tupəl’ ƛ’u= u–tu ʷu–t

ti i

dəxʷ=dxʷ–tu ʷ–tu ʷu–alikʷ

HAB=PFV–stretch–ICS

DIST

ADNM=CTD–DSTR–stretch–ACT

tupəl’ spider ‘He would stretch that which Spider stretches.’

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

Martha Williams Lamont

475

208 gʷətu ʷtu ʷud gʷə=tu ʷ–tu ʷu–t SBJ=DSTR–stretch–ICS

‘He could stretch it.’ 209 gʷəšə gʷə=šə SBJ=make

‘He could make it.’ 210 tu ʷtu ʷud al ti ə stab swatixʷtəd al tə trees tu= ʷ–tu ʷu–t

al ti ə

PAST=CTD–stretch–ICS

at

PROX

stab

swatixʷtəd

what

land

al tə at

trees

NSPEC

trees

‘He stretched it onto things (in) the world, onto trees,’ 211 stab al tə gʷədagʷap ə tə stab stab

al

what

at

tə

gʷəd•agʷap

ə

NSPEC

down•base.of.tree

PR

tə

stab

NSPEC

what

‘(On) things underneath things.’ 212 putəxʷ ƛ’u ik’ʷ put=axʷ

ƛ’u= ik’ʷ

really=now

HAB=ugly

‘It would be really ugly.’ 213 tu ʷ ƛ’astu ʷtu ʷ dəxʷ id ə ti i bək’ʷ stab ’ic’qs ti ə stab ti ə

ʷə ʷayu

ti ə bək’ʷ huyu d tit ul’bixʷ tu ʷ ƛ’u= as–tu ʷ–tu ʷu

dəxʷ= id

just

ADNM=tied

HAB=STAT–DSTR–stretch

ti ə

stab

ti ə

PROX

what

PROX

ʷə ʷayu housefly

ə ti i PR

bək’ʷ stab

DIST

all

’ic’qs

what mosquito

ti ə

bək’ʷ huyu–t

tit ul’bixʷ

PROX

all

small.animal

made–ICS

‘But it would be stretched so that everything gets tied, mosquitos, things, flies, everything that is made into small creatures.’ 214 di əxʷ ƛ’ us ukʷədxʷ[s] di =axʷ

ƛ’u=s= u–kʷəda–dxʷ=s

FOC=now

IRR=NM=PFV–taken–DC=3PO

‘That is what he would get.’

476

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

215 di ƛ’usu ə əds di

ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s

FOC

HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘That is what he would eat.’ 216 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə ti i cədi bəda huy

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

SCONJ

ə sbiaw

ti ə

ti i

cədi

bəda

PROX

DIST

s/he

offspring

ə

sbiaw

PR

coyote

‘Then this Son of Coyote goes.’ 217 bə ibəšəxʷ bə= ibəš=axʷ ADD=travel=now

‘He travels some more.’ 218

i ibəšəxʷ i

ibəš=axʷ

INTJ

travel=now

‘Indeed he travels.’ 219 gʷa( ) tu u ʷəxʷ ti ə sbiaw gʷa

tu= u ʷ=axʷ

ti ə

sbiaw

INTJ

PAST=go=now

PROX

coyote

‘But Coyote is gone.’ 220 tukʷədadəxʷ ti ə

aagʷəs

tu=kʷəda–t

ti ə

PAST=taken–ICS

PROX

aagʷəs–s wife:PL–3PO

‘He had taken his (son’s) wives.’ 221 huy huygʷasəxʷ kʷa huy

huyu•gʷas=axʷ

kʷa

SCONJ

made•pair=now

PTCL

‘Then of course they are married.’ 222 tulədᶻaqad ti ə sbiaw al ti i tus u ʷəxʷ ə ti ə bəda s tu=lə=dᶻaqa–t ti ə sbiaw al ti i tu=s= u ʷ=axʷ PAST=PROG=mourn–ICS

ti ə

bəda –s

PROX

offspring–3PO

PROX

coyote at

‘Coyote had mourned when his son had gone.’

DIST

PAST=NM=go=now

ə PR

Martha Williams Lamont

477

223 tu ʷil’ tu= ʷil’ PAST=lost

‘ “He got lost.’ 224 š a kʷi dbad4 s= a

kʷi

d–bad

NM=be.there

REM

1SG.PO–father

‘ “There was my father.’ 225 š a kʷi dbad s= a

kʷi

d–bad

NM=be.there

REM

1SG.PO–father

‘ “There was my father.’ 226

əsluluƛ’əb kʷəda ti dbad ti dbad as–lu–luƛ’–b STAT–ATTN–old–MD

kʷəda

ti

d–bad

ti

d–bad

PTCL

SPEC

1SG.PO–father

SPEC

1SG.PO–father

‘ “He might have grown old, my father, my father.’ 227 š a kʷi dbad kʷi dbad s= a

kʷi

d–bad

kʷi

d–bad

NM=be.there

REM

1SG.PO–father

REM

1SG.PO–father

‘ “There was my father, my father.’ 228

əsluluƛ’əb kʷəda ti dbad as–lu–luƛ’–b STAT–ATTN–old–MD

kʷəda

ti

d–bad

PTCL

SPEC

1SG.PO–father

‘ “He might have grown old, my father.” ’ 229 k’əyi əxʷ ləsxʷ il bad k’əyi =axʷ

ləs–xʷə –il

bad

pretend=now

PROG.STAT–lack–INCH

father

‘He pretends he was without a father.’ 230 k’əyi əxʷ k’əyi =axʷ pretend=now ‘He pretends.’

__________ 4

The /š/ is another example of the stylized speech of Coyote.

478

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

231 di ti i tubads tusbiaw kʷi u atəbəd di

ti i

tu=bad–s

tu=sbiaw

kʷi

FOC

DIST

PAST=father–3PO

PAST=coyote

REM

u– atəbəd PFV–die

‘It is his late father, dearly departed Coyote, who has died.’ 232 gʷa( ) bəsbiaw ti ə ləcucut gʷa

bə=sbiaw

ti ə

lə=cut–cut

INTJ

ADD=coyote

PROX

PROG=DSTR–say

‘But the one who is talking is Coyote himself.’ 233 lət’uk’ʷəxʷ dxʷ al ti i s ə adəy

aagʷəs ə ti ə tubəda s

lə=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ

dxʷ– al

ti i

s ə– adəy

PROG=go.home=now

CNTRPT–at

DIST

PL–woman

ti ə

tu=bəda –s

PROX

PAST=offspring–3PO

aagʷəs–s

‘He goes home to the women, the wives of his former son.’ 234

əshiq’ʷəbid as–hiq’ʷəb–bi–t STAT–covet–MAP–ICS

‘He is infatuated with (Sawbill).’ 235 hay əsaydub ə tsi ə həbu hay

as–hay–dxʷ–b

SCONJ

ə

STAT–known–DC–PASS

PR

tsi ə

həbu

PROX:FEM

pigeon

‘However, Pigeon knows.’ 236

u di i ti i sa luƛ’ ti i u INTJ

ugʷəlald ti tuds ’istxʷ

di –i

ti i

sa

luƛ’

ti i

INTNS–FOC

DIST

bad

old

DIST

u–gʷəlal–t PFV–harmed–ICS

ti SPEC

tu=d–s ’istxʷ PAST=1SG.PO–husband

‘ “Oh, that bad old man is the very one who killed my late husband.’ 237 di i əw’ə ti ə sa luƛ’ di –i

əw’ə

ti ə

sa

luƛ’

INTNS–FOC

PTCL

PROX

bad

old

‘ “That bad old man is the very one.’

ə

wife:PL–3PO PR

Martha Williams Lamont

479

238 di ti ə ləcucut di

ti ə

lə=cut–cut

FOC

PROX

PROG=DSTR–say

‘ “He is the one who is talking.” ’ 239 tu ʷ xʷi gʷəs idigʷats tu ʷ xʷi

gʷə=s= idigʷat=s

just

SBJ=NM=say.what=3PO

NEG

‘But she doesn’t say anything.’ 240

ʷul’ əs icil al kʷi ə s ʷul’ only

as– icil

al kʷi

STAT–angry

at

ə –s mind–3PO

REM

‘She is simply angry in her mind.’ 241 hay

is tsi ə cədi s a a s

hay

il–s arrive–ALTV

SCONJ

tsi ə

cədi

s a a –s

PROX:FEM

s/he

in.law–3PO

‘He comes to his in-laws.’ 242 gʷəl ləcuuc gʷəl

lə=cut–c

SCONJ

PROG=say–ALTV

‘And he says to (Pigeon),’ 243

aci

əd uk’ʷa cid

aci

əd

pause

u=k’ʷa –t–sid

1SG.SUB

IRR=released–ICS–2SG.OBJ

‘ “I will let you go for a while.’ 244

aci

əd u u ʷ əd dxʷ al tsi s a hus

aci pause

əd

u= u ʷ

1SG.SUB

IRR=go

əd 1SG.SUB

dxʷ– al

tsi

s a hus

CNTRPT–at

SPEC:FEM

sawbill

‘ “For a while I will go to Sawbill.’ 245 di əxʷ udsəsq’ʷuhu di =axʷ FOC=now

u=d=s= as–q’ʷuhu IRR=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–associate

‘ “She is the one I will associate with.’

480

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

246 gʷəl aci

əd u əgʷəlbicid

gʷəl

aci

əd

pause

SCONJ

u= əgʷəl–bicid

1SG.SUB

IRR=leave–2SG.OBJ

‘ “And for a bit I will leave you.’ 247

yə i di tads aƛ’təb ə t(i) ads a a ə

yə i

di

tu=ad=s= aƛ’–t–b

because

FOC

PAST=2SG.PO=NM=desired–ICS–PASS

PR

ti

ad–s a a

SPEC

2SG.PO–in.law

‘ “Because you were desired by your (father-)in-law.” ’ 248 cuucəb tsi ə cədi həbu cut–c–b

tsi ə

cədi

həbu

say–ALTV–PASS

PROX:FEM

s/he

pigeon

‘He speaks to Pigeon.’ 249 gʷa( ) əs icil gʷa INTJ

as– icil STAT–angry

‘But she is angry.’ 250

əsaydxʷ as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC

‘She knows.’ 251 sbiaw ti ə

ucucuuc əlgʷə

sbiaw

ti ə

coyote

PROX

u–cut–cut–c

əlgʷə

PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV

PL

‘The one who is talking to them is Coyote.’ 252 di i s a a s di –i

s a a –s

INTNS–FOC

in.law–3PO

‘It is their (father-)in-law himself.’ 253 gʷəl ša ša adad al kʷi əsqəp tsi i cədi s a hus gʷəl

ša ša adad

SCONJ

leave.it.to

al at

kʷi REM

as–qəp STAT–foolish

‘But leave it to someone as silly as Sawbill.’

tsi i

cədi

s a hus

DIST:FEM

s/he

sawbill

Martha Williams Lamont

481

254 xʷi gʷəsəsaydxʷs xʷi

gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ=s

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO

‘She did not know.’ 255 huy huygʷastxʷəxʷ ti ə s a a s huy

huyu•gʷas–txʷ=axʷ

ti ə

s a a –s

SCONJ

made•pair–ECS=now

PROX

in.law–3PO

‘Then she pairs up with her (father-)in-law.’ 256

u ʷ u ʷ go ‘They go.’

257 gʷa ʷəxʷ əlgʷə gʷa ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

walk=now

PL

‘They walk.’ 258 tugʷa ʷəxʷ əlgʷə tu=gʷa ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

PAST=walk=now

PL

‘They walk.’ 259 tuli laq tsi i həbu ti i ƛ’usu aabs tu=li –laq

tsi i

həbu

ti i

ƛ’u=s= u– aab=s

PAST=PRLV–behind

DIST:FEM

pigeon

DIST

HAB=NM=PFV–cry=3PO

‘Pigeon came behind crying.’ 260 li lalaq li –la–laq PRLV–ATTN–behind

‘She is a little behind.’ 261 ləgʷa ʷ əlgʷə lə=gʷa ʷ

əlgʷə

PROG=walk

PL

‘They are walking.’

482

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

262 dxʷ ad kʷi sugʷa ʷs əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i tusq’əlbs əlgʷə dxʷ– ad

kʷi

s= u–gʷa ʷ=s

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

ti i

CNTRPT–where

REM

NM=PFV–walk=3PO

PL

CNTRPT–at

DIST

tu=s=q’əlb=s

əlgʷə

PAST=NM=make.camp=3PO

PL

‘They stroll all over until they camp.’ 263 gʷəl tulil uqʷa qʷa atəb tsi i həbu gʷəl

tulil

SCONJ

cross.water

u=qʷa –qʷa a–t–b IRR=DSTR–driven.off–ICS–PASS

tsi i

həbu

DIST:FEM

pigeon

‘And Pigeon will be driven away.’ 264 xʷi kʷ(i) ad s əƛ’ xʷi

kʷi

ad=s= əƛ’

NEG

REM

2SG.PO=NM=come

‘ “Don’t come.’ 265 lil lil far ‘ “Stay away.’ 266 ƛ’al’ aha kʷ(i) ads a al ti i ƛ’al’ also

ah–a INTNS–be.there

kʷi

ad=s= a

REM

2SG.PO=NM=be.there

‘ “Remain where you are there.’ 267 xʷi kʷ(i) ads əƛ’cbu xʷi

kʷi

ad=s= əƛ’–c–bu

NEG

REM

2SG.PO=NM=come–ALTV–1PL.OBJ

‘ “Don’t come to us.” ’ 268 qʷa qʷa atəb ə ti i qʷa –qʷa a–t–b DSTR–driven.off–ICS–PASS

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘They drive her away.’ 269

ʷul’ ƛ’u ə ə ə ʷul’ ƛ’u= ə ə ə only

HAB=brokenhearted

‘She would just be miserable.’

al at

ti i DIST

Martha Williams Lamont

270

483

aha ah–a INTNS–be.there

‘There she is.’ 271 bəgʷa ʷ əlgʷə dxʷ aləxʷ ti i cədi ... bə=gʷa ʷ

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al=axʷ

ti i

cədi

ADD=walk

PL

CNTRPT–at=now

DIST

s/he

‘They walk again on toward ...’ 272 di əxʷ kʷi sugʷa gʷə ʷs əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i ... di =axʷ

kʷi

s= u–gʷa –gʷə ʷ=s

əlgʷə

dxʷ– al

ti i

suddenly=now

REM

NM=PFV–DSTR–walk=3PO

PL

CNTRPT–at

DIST

‘Suddenly they walked toward ...’ 273 gʷəl ləc’yitəb ə ti ə st’q’ʷalšəds s əšəls ƛ’usəsƛ’ac’aps gʷəl

ləc’–yi–t–b

SCONJ

ə

come.down.on–DAT–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

st’q’ʷalšəd–s

PROX

tumpline–3PO

s= as–šəl=s

ƛ’u=s= as–ƛ’ac’•ap=s

NM=STAT–dangling=3PO

HAB=NM=STAT–cinch•bottom=3PO

‘And her dangling tumpline which she had around her waist is stepped on.’ 274 gʷəl ləc’təb ə ti ə gʷəl

ləc’–t–b

SCONJ

come.down.on–ICS–PASS

ə PR

ti ə PROX

‘And it is stepped on by this one (Coyote’s Son).’ 275 gʷəl cut gʷəl

cut

SCONJ

say

‘She says,’ 276

ə id əw’ə ə id

əw’ə

what.happen

PTCL

‘ “What’s the matter?’ 277 stab əw’ə kʷi bələ ə itxʷ kʷi ƛ’udsəsƛ’ac’ap stab

əw’ə

kʷi

bə=lə= ə id–txʷ

kʷi

what

PTCL

REM

ADD=PROG=what.happen–ECS

REM

484

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

ƛ’u=d=s= as–ƛ’ac’•ap HAB=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–cinch•bottom

‘ “What keeps happening to that which I cinch my waist with?’ 278

ə id ə id what.happen ‘ “What’s the matter?” ’

279 gʷəl bədi di gʷəl

bə=di –di

SCONJ

ADD=DSTR–other.side

‘And again further on,’ 280 gʷəl bəckʷab gʷəl

bə=ckʷa–b

SCONJ

ADD=taut–MD

‘And it goes taut again.’ 281 bət ʷud bə=t ʷu–t ADD=pull–ICS

‘It is pulled again.’ 282 huy dᶻalqʷusəxʷ huy dᶻalq•us=axʷ SCONJ

turn•face=now

‘Then she looks over her shoulder.’ 283 gʷəhaw’ə di ti ə tus ’istxʷs ti ə

utə ə dubutəxʷ

gʷəhaw’ə

di

ti ə

tu=s ’istxʷ–s

ti ə

seemingly

FOC

PROX

PAST=husband–3PO

PROX

u–tə ə –dxʷ–but=axʷ PFV–arrive.safely–DC–REFL=now

‘Why! It is her former husband now safely arrived.’ 284 huy gʷə ’əbaxʷ huy

gʷə ’a–b=axʷ

SCONJ

search–CSMD=now

‘For he has searched for them.’

Martha Williams Lamont

285

485

aladəxʷ ti ə dəxʷgʷa ʷ ə ti ə tugʷa ʷtub s adəy s ə ti ə bads ala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now

ti ə

dəxʷ=gʷa ʷ

ə

PROX

ADNM=walk

PR

s adəy –s

ə PR

woman–3PO

ti ə

bad–s

PROX

father–3PO

ti ə

tu=gʷa ʷ–txʷ–b

PROX

PAST=walk–ECS–PASS

‘He has followed where they walked when his father took his women walking.’ 286 huy šudxʷəxʷ ti ə tus ’istxʷs huy

šu –dxʷ=axʷ

ti ə

tu=s ’istxʷ–s

SCONJ

see–DC=now

PROX

PAST=husband–3PO

‘Then she sees her former husband.’ 287

u dəgʷi həw’ə u INTJ

dəgʷi

həw’ə

you

PTCL

‘ “Oh, so it’s you!” ’ 288 ƛ’ulə aab tsi i həbu ƛ’u=lə= aab

tsi i

həbu

HAB=PROG=cry

DIST:FEM

pigeon

‘Pigeon had been crying.’ 289 huy s aƛ’s ti ə tus ’istxʷs huy

s= aƛ’=s

ti ə

tu=s ’istxʷ–s

SCONJ

NM=desire=3PO

PROX

PAST=husband–3PO

‘She had liked her late husband.’ 290 tudi əxʷ kʷa t s i s a hus i ti ə s a a s əshuygʷasəxʷ tudi =axʷ

kʷa

tsi

s a hus

DIST.DMA=now

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

sawbill

i CONJ

ti ə

s a a –s

PROX

in.law–3PO

as–huyu•gʷas=axʷ STAT–made•pair=now

‘Over there, however, Sawbill and her (father-)in-law are paired up.’ 291 huy əxʷscutəbid huy SCONJ

as–dxʷs–cut–ab–bi–t STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS

‘Then she realizes it.’

486

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

292 di ti ə s ’istxʷs di

ti ə

s ’istxʷ–s

FOC

PROX

husband–3PO

‘He is her husband.’ 293 hay gʷəl cutəb hay

gʷəl

cut–t–b

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

‘So then it is spoken,’ 294 ƛ’uqʷa atəb əd ə ti i

əshuygʷas

ƛ’u=qʷa a–t–b

əd

HAB=driven.off–ICS–PASS

ə

1SG.SUB PR

ti i

as–huyu•gʷas

DIST

STAT–made•pair

‘ “I would be driven away by those paired-up ones.’ 295 lil u xʷ əda ƛ’uqʷa qʷa lil

u xʷ

far

PTCL

əda

ƛ’u=qʷa –qʷa a

1SG.COORD

HAB=DSTR–driven.off

‘ “Just a little ways away, and I would be driven off.’ 296

ʷul’əxʷ əd ƛ’u aha ti i ƛ’udsq’əlb lil’lil ʷul’=axʷ

əd

only=now

ƛ’u= ah–a

1SG.SUB

ti i

HAB=INTNS–be.there

ƛ’u=d=s=q’əlb

lil’–lil

HAB=1SG.PO=NM=make.camp

DSTR–far

DIST

‘ “I would just be there camping a little way off.” ’ 297 gʷəl u ə id gʷəl

u– ə id PFV–what.happen

SCONJ

‘ “And what happened?” ’ 298 ƛ’ub əs ista ƛ’ub well

as– ista STAT–be.like

‘ “It is better that way.’ 299 yə i huy əshuygʷas yə i

huy

because

SCONJ

as–huyu•gʷas STAT–made•pair

‘ “Because they are paired up.’

Martha Williams Lamont

487

300 ƛ’al’ əsƛ’altub ti al ti i adstab adƛ’əwc’əla ad ti i ad id idšəd ǰu adads ƛ’al’

as–ƛ’al–txʷ–b

also

ti

STAT–put.on–ECS–PASS

SPEC

al ti i at

ad–stab 2SG.PO–what

DIST

ad–ƛ’əwc’əla ad

ti i

ad– id– idi•šəd

ǰu adad–s

2SG.PO–armbands

DIST

2SG.PO–DSTR–tied•leg

regalia–3PO

‘ “Also, he is wearing your things, your armbands, your leg-ties, (as if they were) his regalia.’ ” 301 ƛ’ub di ti i tusbiaw ti i səshuys ƛ’ub

di

ti i

tu=sbiaw

ti i

s= as–huyu=s

well

FOC

DIST

PAST=coyote

DIST

NM=STAT–made=3PO

‘Coyote decided to impersonate him.’ 302 hay gʷəl cutəbəxʷ al ti i dəxʷq’əlbs hay

gʷəl

cut–t–b=axʷ al

ti

i

dəxʷ=q’əlb=s

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

at

DIST

ADNM=make.camp=3PO

‘And so when they camp, (Pigeon) is spoken to by (Coyote’s Son).’ 303 hiwil hiwil go.ahead ‘ “Go ahead.’ 304

u ʷ u ʷ go ‘ “Go.’

305

əliqs əxʷ uqʷa atəb xʷ a əliqs even.if

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

ʷul’ i u ʷ

u=qʷa a–t–b IRR=driven.off–ICS–PASS

xʷa 2SG.COORD

‘ “Even if you are driven away, you just go anyway.’ 306 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘ “No.’

ʷul’ only

i– u ʷ PRTV–go

488

307

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

əliqs əxʷ uqʷa atəb əliqs

əxʷ

even.if

u–qʷa a–t–b

2SG.SUB

PFV–driven.off–ICS–PASS

‘ “Even if you are driven off.’ 308 tu ʷ əxʷ ʷul’ i u ʷ tu ʷ

əxʷ

just

ʷul’

2SG.SUB

only

i– u ʷ PRTV–go

‘ “You just go anyway.” ’ 309

u ʷ tsi i cədi həbu u ʷ tsi i go

DIST:FEM

cədi

həbu

s/he

pigeon

‘Pigeon goes.’ 310 gʷəl lətab q’ay gʷəs adᶻiləxʷ ti ə cədi gʷəl

lə=taba

q’ay

gʷə=s= a –il=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

SCONJ

PROG=do

[??]

SBJ=NM=hidden–INCH=now

PROX

s/he

‘(Coyote’s Son) works his power so that he is hidden.’ 311 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi i həbu huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ tsi i go=now

DIST:FEM

həbu pigeon

‘Then Pigeon goes.’ 312 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl

cut–t–b

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

‘And she is spoken to,’ 313 ši i i i ši i i i shoo.shoo ‘ “Shoo shoo!’ 314 xʷi kʷ(i) ads əƛ’ həbu xʷi

kʷi

ad=s= əƛ’

həbu

NEG

REM

2SG.PO=NM=come

pigeon

‘ “Don’t come, Pigeon!’

Martha Williams Lamont

489

315 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘ “No.’ 316

aha kʷ(i) ads a al tudi ah–a INTNS–be.there

kʷi

ad=s= a

REM

2SG.PO=NM=be.there

‘ “There is your place over there.’ 317 lilcut həbu lil–t–šut

həbu

far–ICS–REFL

pigeon

‘ “Get away, Pigeon.’ 318 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘ “No.” ’ 319

ʷul’ i u ʷ tsi i həbu ʷul’ only

i– u ʷ PRTV–go

tsi i

həbu

DIST:FEM

pigeon

‘Pigeon just keeps on going.’ 320 gʷəl lə il gʷəl

lə= il

SCONJ

PROG=arrive

‘And she arrives.’ 321 gʷəl ləkiis a gʷəl

lə=kiis

SCONJ

PROG=stand

a be.there

‘And she is standing there.’ 322 di i səskiis di –i

s= as–kiis=s

INTNS–FOC

NM=STAT–stand=3PO

‘They both are standing there.’

al tudi at

DIST.DMA

490

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

323 baskiisəxʷ ti ə cədi bəda s bə= as–kiis=axʷ

ti ə

cədi

bəda –s

ADD=STAT–stand=now

PROX

s/he

offspring–3PO

‘His son is also standing there.’ 324 tiləb usaxʷəbid ti ə bəda s tiləb

u–saxʷəb–bi–t

immediately

PFV–jump–MAP–ICS

ti ə

bəda –s

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘Immediately, (Coyote) runs to his son.’ 325 gʷəl al ti ə dbəda ti ə t(i) adƛ’əwc’la ad ti ə t(i) ad idšəd ti ə t(i) adstab ti ə adbitbita s gʷəl

al ti ə

SCONJ

at

ti SPEC

d–bəda

ti ə

1SG.PO–offspring

PROX

PROX

ti

ad–ƛ’əwc’la ad

ti ə

SPEC

2SG.PO–armbands

PROX

ad– id•šəd

ti ə

ti

ad–stab

ti ə

2SG.PO–tied•leg

PROX

SPEC

2SG.PO–what

PROX

ad–bit–bita s 2SG.PO–DSTR–breechcloth ‘So, “Here, my son, are your armbands, your leg-ties, your things, your breechcloths.” ’ 326 bə ə idəxʷ kʷ(i) adəxʷuxʷəcəd kʷ(i) adsƛ’alabac bə= ə id=axʷ

kʷi

ad=dəxʷ= u–xʷəc–t

kʷi

ADD=what.happen=now

REM

2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–removed–ICS

REM

ad=s=ƛ’al•abac 2SG.PO=NM=put.on•body ‘ “Why are you taking your clothes off?’ 327 ƛ’ub əxʷ əsƛ’aldxʷ ƛ’ub well

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

as–ƛ’al–dxʷ STAT–put.on–DC

‘ “You should be wearing them.’ 328 huy əxʷ əbsƛ’alabac huy SCONJ

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

as–bəs–ƛ’al•abac STAT–PROP–cover•body

‘ “Since you have the clothes.” ’

Martha Williams Lamont

491

329 cutəb ə ti ə bəda s cut–t–b

ə

say–ICS–PASS

PR

ti ə

bəda –s

PROX

offspring–3PO

‘He is spoken to by his son,’ 330 ƛ’ub əxʷ atxʷ ƛ’ub well

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

a–txʷ be.there–ECS

‘ “You should put them there.’ 331 huy adsƛ’alabac huy

ad=s=ƛ’al•abac

SCONJ

2SG.PO=NM=put.on•body

‘ “Since they are your clothes.’ 332 badəxʷ ə idəxʷ bə=ad=dəxʷ= ə id=axʷ ADD=2SG.PO=ADNM=what.happen=now

‘ “Why are you doing that?” ’ 333 huy huy ibəšəxʷ əlgʷə huy

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘Then, then they travel.’ 334

ibəšəxʷ ibəš=axʷ travel=now ‘They travel.’

335

u ʷəxʷ u ʷ=axʷ go=now ‘They go now.’

336 hiwil hiwil go.ahead ‘ “Go on.’

əlgʷə PL

492

337

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

u ʷ i tsi s a hus u ʷ

i

go

CONJ

tsi

s a hus

SPEC:FEM

sawbill

‘ “You and Sawbill go.’ 338 xʷi əxʷ gʷəds aƛ’ kʷi gʷəbadsu əƛ’ gʷadsu abaqəd xʷi =axʷ

gʷə=d=s= aƛ’

kʷi

gʷə=bə=ad=s= u– əƛ’

NEG=now

SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=desired

REM

SBJ=ADD=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–come

gʷə=ad=s= u– abaq–t SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–return–ICS

‘ “I don’t want you to come or to return her.’ 339 ƛ’ubəxʷ adsgʷa əxʷ tsi i s a hus ƛ’ub=axʷ

ad=s=gʷa =axʷ

tsi i

s a hus

well=now

2SG.PO=NM=accompany=now

DIST:FEM

sawbill

‘ “It is better now for Sawbill to accompany you.” ’ 340 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə sbiaw huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Then Coyote goes.’ 341

u ʷəxʷ kʷa u ʷ=axʷ go=now

kʷa PTCL

‘They go.’ 342 gʷa ʷəxʷ ti i i

i həbu

gʷa ʷ=axʷ

ti –i i

walk=now

PL–DIST

i ti i cədi s ’istxʷs

i

həbu

i

pigeon

CONJ

CONJ

ti i

cədi

s ’istxʷ–s

DIST

s/he

husband–3PO

‘Pigeon and her husband walk.’ 343 gʷa ʷəxʷ əlgʷə gʷa ʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

walk=now

PL

‘They walk now.’ 344 dxʷ adəxʷ al ti ə dəxʷgʷa ʷs dxʷ– ad=axʷ CNTRPT–where=now

‘They walk all over.’

al ti ə at

PROX

dəxʷ=gʷa ʷ–s ADNM=walk–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

345

493

i i INTJ

‘They continue.’ 346

əƛ’axʷ ti i i əƛ’=axʷ

i sbiaw li laq

ti –i i

come=now

i

PL–DIST

CONJ

sbiaw

li –laq

coyote

PRLV–behind

‘(Sawbill) and Coyote come along behind.’ 347 li laq əlgʷə

i tsi ə səshuygʷas s a hus

li –laq

əlgʷə

PRLV–behind

PL

i CONJ

tsi ə

s= as–huyu•gʷas=s

s a hus

PROX:FEM

NM=STAT–made•pair=3PO

sawbill

‘(Coyote) and the paired-up Sawbill are behind.’ 348 qəlbidbitəbəxʷ tsi i s a hus qəlbid–bi–t–b=axʷ

tsi i

s a hus

garbage–MAP–ICS–PASS=now

DIST:FEM

sawbill

‘Sawbill is discarded now.’ 349 huy huyitəbəxʷ əlgʷə

ə kʷi stuləkʷ ə ti ə cədi

huy

huyu–yi–t–b=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

made–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

PL

ə PR

kʷi

stuləkʷ

REM

river

‘Then this one (Coyote’s Son) makes a river for them.’ 350 hay tulil əlgʷə hay

tulil

əlgʷə

SCONJ

cross.water

PL

‘Then they cross.’ 351 tulil ti ə cədi sbiaw tulil

ti ə

cədi

sbiaw

cross.water

PROX

s/he

coyote

‘Coyote crosses.’ 352 t’i ib t’i ib swim ‘He swims.’

ə PR

ti ə

cədi

PROX

s/he

494

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

353 yə i ƛ’ut’i ib yə i

ƛ’u= u–t’i ib

because

HAB=PFV–swim

‘Because he could swim.’ 354 hay alil əlgʷə hay

alil

SCONJ

əlgʷə

go.ashore

PL

‘They go ashore.’ 355 gʷəl bəgʷa ʷ əlgʷə gʷəl

bə=gʷa ʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

ADD=walk

PL

‘And they walk on.’ 356

i i INTJ

‘They continue.’ 357 xʷ ub bəhikʷ ti i bəshuyitəbs əlgʷə stuləkʷ gʷəstuləkʷəs xʷ ub

bə=hikʷ

ti i

bə=s=huyu–yi–t–b=s

əlgʷə

ultimately

ADD=big

DIST

ADD=NM=made–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

stuləkʷ gʷə=stuləkʷ=as river

SBJ=river=3SBRD

‘An even bigger river is made for them, if it is a river.’ 358 bətulil əlgʷə bə=tulil

əlgʷə

ADD=cross.water

PL

‘They cross again.’ 359 bə alildubut bə= alil–dxʷ–but ADD=go.ashore–DC–REFL

‘They get themselves ashore again.’ 360 huy aləxʷ ti i laqəxʷ huy SCONJ

al=axʷ at=now

ti i

laq=axʷ

DIST

behind=now

‘Then at the last one.’

Martha Williams Lamont

495

361 hiˑgʷəxʷ stuləkʷəxʷ ti i shuyitəbs əlgʷə dxʷ aləxʷ gʷəsp’əq’ʷs əlgʷə higʷ=axʷ

stuləkʷ=axʷ

ti i

s=huyu–yi–t–b=s

əlgʷə

big=now

river=now

DIST

NM=made–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

PL

dxʷ– al=axʷ

gʷə=s=p’əq’ʷ=s

əlgʷə

CNTRPT–at=now

SBJ=NM=float=3PO

PL

‘A really big river was now made for them to float (across).’ 362 huy tuliləxʷ ti i ə huy

tulil=axʷ

ti –i ə

SCONJ

cross.water=now

PL–PROX

‘Then these (Coyote’s Son and Pigeon) cross.’ 363 gʷəl alil gʷəl SCONJ

alil go.ashore

‘And they go ashore.’ 364 gʷəl gʷa ʷ gʷəl

gʷa ʷ

SCONJ

walk

‘And they walk on.’ 365 hay tuliləxʷ ti sbiaw hay

tulil=axʷ

ti

sbiaw

SCONJ

cross.water=now

SPEC

coyote

‘So then Coyote crosses.’ 366

ʷul’əxʷ up’əq’ʷ dxʷlil ʷul’=axʷ

u–p’əq’ʷ

only=now

dxʷ–lil

PFV–float

CNTRPT–far

‘He just drifts away.’ 367 dxʷ a ad kʷədi s u ʷs dxʷ– a ad

kʷədi

s= u ʷ=s

CNTRPT–downstream

REM.DMA

NM=go=3PO

‘Downstream he goes.’ 368 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi ə s a hus huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then Sawbill goes.’

tsi ə

s a hus

PROX:FEM

sawbill

496

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

369 ha

kʷa tsi s a hus

ha

kʷa

tsi

s a hus

good

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

sawbill

‘Sawbill, of course, is good (at swimming).’ 370 gʷəl tu ʷ huy ƛ’al’ bələp’əq’ʷ gʷəl

tu ʷ

huy

ƛ’al’

bə=lə=p’əq’ʷ

SCONJ

just

SCONJ

also

ADD=PROG=float

‘But she too just drifts off.’ 371 tu ʷ huy lə alil dxʷdi ucid tu ʷ

huy

lə= alil

dxʷ–di •ucid

just

SCONJ

PROG=go.ashore

CNTRPT–other.side•mouth

‘But (Coyote’s Son and Pigeon) are just getting to the other side.’ 372 huy u ʷəxʷ ti i cədi s ušəbabdxʷ sbiaw huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ ti i go=now

DIST

cədi

s ušəbabdxʷ

sbiaw

s/he

poor.guy

coyote

‘Then this poor Coyote goes.’ 373 p’q’ʷaxʷ p’q’ʷ=axʷ float=now ‘He drifts (off) now.’ 374

uˑ ʷəxʷ al kʷədi dəxʷ u ʷs u ʷ=axʷ go=now

al kʷədi at

dəxʷ= u ʷ=s

REM.DMA

ADNM=go=3PO

‘He goes far away where he goes.’ 375 gʷa ʷəxʷ kʷa ti ə caadi gʷa ʷ=axʷ

kʷa

ti ə

caadi

walk=now

PTCL

PROX

they

‘However, they (Coyote’s Son and Pigeon) walk on.’ 376 gʷəl ləp’ədil al dᶻə ti i səstab səšə s ƛ’udəxʷusuxʷi xʷi

ə ti i ə

wi wi ƛ’udəxʷu idtxʷs əlgʷə ti i səc’q’aps əlgʷə gʷəl lə=p’ədil al dᶻə ti i s= as–stab SCONJ

PROG=drift.ashore

at

PTCL

DIST

NM=STAT–what

i adad i

Martha Williams Lamont

s= as–šə =s

497

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–s uxʷi xʷi

NM=STAT–make=3PO

adad

i

magpie

CONJ

HAB=ADNM=PFV–hunt

ə PR

ti –i ə

i

PL–PROX

CONJ

wi wi

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u– idi–txʷ=s

əlgʷə

snipe

HAB=ADNM=PFV–tied–ECS=3PO

PL

ti i

s=lə=c’q’ap=s

əlgʷə

DIST

NM=PROG=pole=3PO

PL

‘And (Coyote) drifts up onto that thing made for fishing by Magpie and Snipe where they would tie it to what they used for poles.’ 377 huy gʷəl a iləxʷ kʷi s ik’ʷabac ə ti ə sbiaw huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

a–il=axʷ

kʷi

be.there–INCH=now

SCONJ

s= ik’ʷ•abac

ə ti ə

REM NM=hooked•body

PR

PROX

sbiaw coyote ‘And then Coyote gets caught there.’ 378 huy haydxʷəxʷ huy

hay–dxʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

known–DC=now

‘Then he knows.’ 379 di gʷə ti i

i wi wi

i s adad

di

gʷə

ti i

i

FOC

ASSC

DIST

CONJ

wi wi snipe

i

s adad

CONJ

magpie

‘It belongs to Snipe and Magpie.’ 380 huy huyucutəxʷ qʷiqʷ ay ul

a

huy

huyu–t–sut=axʷ

qʷi–qʷ ay •ul

SCONJ

made–ICS–REFL=now

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

a be.there

‘Then he makes himself into a little wooden dish right there.’ 381 qʷiqʷ ay ul əxʷ ti i ƛ’usəshuys i a qʷi–qʷ ay •ul =axʷ

ti i

ƛ’u=s= as–huyu=s

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly=now

DIST

HAB=NM=STAT–made=3PO

i –a ATTN–bowl

‘A little wooden dish is what he would make himself into, a little platter.’ 382 hiha

i a

hi–ha ATTN–good

i –a ATTN–bowl

‘It is a nice little platter.’

498

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

383 gʷəl lə u ʷ ti i

i adad

gʷəl

lə= u ʷ

ti i

SCONJ

PROG=go

DIST

i

adad

CONJ

magpie

‘And (Snipe) and Magpie went.’ 384 ləgʷ ad əlgʷə kʷi s uladxʷs lə=gʷə a–t

əlgʷə

kʷi

s uladxʷ–s

PROG=untied–ICS

PL

REM

salmon–3PO

‘They untie their salmon.’ 385 huy gʷəl lətab cutəb huy

gʷəl

lə=taba

cut–t–b

SCONJ

SCONJ

PROG=do

say–ICS–PASS

‘Then it is being spoken,’ 386 hay tsi si ab hay hay

tsi

si ab

hay

SCONJ

SPEC:FEM

noble

SCONJ

‘ “Oh, Lady. Oh.’ 387 qʷiqʷ ay ul ti ə

əsp’ədil

qʷi–qʷ ay •ul

ti ə

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

PROX

as–p’ədil STAT–drift.ashore

‘ “What has drifted up is a little wooden dish.’ 388 ha

qʷiqʷ ay ul

ha

qʷi–qʷ ay •ul

good

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

‘ “It is a nice little wooden dish.” ’ 389 gʷəl cutəb ə tsi ə

ay’əds

gʷəl

cut–t–b

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS

ə PR

tsi ə PROX:FEM

‘And she is spoken to by her companion,’ 390 kʷədad tsi si ab kʷəda–t

tsi

si ab

taken–ICS

SPEC:FEM

noble

‘ “Take it, Lady.’

ay’əd–s companion–3PO

Martha Williams Lamont

499

391 kʷədad kʷəda–t taken–ICS ‘ “Take it.’ 392 ƛ’asxʷə

ə ƛ’udəxʷucilalikʷ ə

ƛ’u= as–xʷə HAB=STAT–lack

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–cili–alikʷ

1PL.SUB

HAB=ADNM=PFV–supported–ACT

‘ “We are without something for serving food on.’ 393 yaw’ ha

kʷi uscils dəxʷəscildxʷyid ə ƛ’usuq’ʷəlb ə ti i ƛ’usc’əbixʷ stab

yaw’

ha

kʷi

only.if

good

REM

u=s=cil=s IRR=NM=supported=3PO

ə

dəxʷ= as–cili–dxʷ–yi–t ADNM=STAT–supported–DC–DAT–ICS

ə 1PL.PO

1PL.PO

ƛ’u=s= u–q’ʷəl–b HAB=NM=PFV–cooked–CSMD

ti i

ƛ’u=s=c’əb•bixʷ

stab

DIST

HAB=NM=berry•cluster

what

‘ “It would be really nice to serve what we cook, picked berries, and other (food) on something we can serve with.” ’ 394 hay u ʷtub ti i qʷiqʷ i ul hay SCONJ

u ʷ–txʷ–b

ti i

qʷi–qʷ i •ul

go–ECS–PASS

DIST

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

‘So that little wooden dish is taken.’ 395

ildub il–dxʷ–b arrive–DC–PASS ‘They manage to arrive with it.’

396 gʷəl (h)uy əlgʷə q’ʷəlb gʷəl

huy

əlgʷə

q’ʷəl–b

SCONJ

SCONJ

PL

cooked–CSMD

‘And then they cook.’ 397 ha ha good ‘It is good.’

500

398

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

i ciltubəxʷ ə ti ə yaw’ ha i –cili–txʷ–b=axʷ

ə

PRTV–supported–ECS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

yaw’

ha

PROX

only.if

good

‘ “Being served this way is really great!” ’ stab5

399 ha ha

stab

good

what

‘It is good .’ 400 gʷa əxʷ ti i i

i həbu

gʷa ʷ=axʷ

ti –i i

walk=now

PL–DIST

i

həbu

CONJ

pigeon

‘(Son of Coyote) and Pigeon walk on.’ 401

i i INTJ

‘Yes.’ 402 p’ədiləxʷ p’ədil=axʷ drift.ashore=now ‘(Coyote) drifts ashore.’ 403 huy əy’dubəxʷ ə ti ə caadi əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ find–DC–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

caadi

PROX

they

‘Then he is found by those (women).’ 404

ubəstubəxʷ ti i qʷiqʷ ay ul ubə–stxʷ–b=axʷ go.inland–ECS–PASS=now adad magpie

i CONJ

ə ti ə

i adad i tsi i wi wi

ti i

qʷi–qʷ ay •ul

DIST

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

tsi i

wi wi

DIST:FEM

snipe

ə PR

‘The little wooden dish is taken up the bank by Magpie and Snipe.’

__________ 5

The storytelling is interrupted here as the tape reel runs out.

ti ə PROX

i CONJ

Martha Williams Lamont

501

405 huy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ huy

gʷəl

cut–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

‘And then it is spoken,’ 406

uha

kʷi səxʷcildxʷ ə

u=ha IRR=good

ə

kʷi

səxʷ–cili–dxʷ

REM

INSTR–supported–DC

1PL.PO

‘ “Our means of serving food (with this) will be good.” ’ 407 hay atəb ə kʷi dəxʷ atəbs ti ə ha hay

a–t–b

SCONJ

ə

be.there–ICS–PASS

PR

sq’itbid tasq’ʷəladuptub s ə əds s uladxʷ

kʷi

dəxʷ= a–t–b=s

ti ə

REM

ADNM=be.there–ICS–PASS=3PO

PROX

ha

s–q’itbid

tu= as–q’ʷəl•adup–txʷ–b

s ə əd–s

good

NP–store.food

PAST=STAT–cooked•land–ECS–PASS

food–3PO

s uladxʷ salmon ‘So, this nice stored food, their food that was baked in the ground, the salmon, was put there where it was put.’ 408 huy bə u ʷ ti i ƛ’uciqʷ əlgʷə

ə kʷədi stab

huy

bə= u ʷ

ti i

ƛ’u=ciqʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

ADD=go

DIST

HAB=dig.roots

PL

ə PR

kʷədi

stab

REM.DMA

what

‘Then they go again to root-dig for those things.’ 409 bə il bə= il ADD=arrive

‘They come back again.’ 410 tiləb ləkʷəd ad tsi ə qʷiqʷ ay ul tiləb

lə=kʷəda–t

tsi ə

qʷi–qʷ ay •ul

immediately

PROG=taken–ICS

PROX:FEM

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

‘Right away they take this little wooden dish.’ 411 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

‘And it is spoken,’

502

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

412 di udəxʷ ə əd s ti i tu d əxʷciltubs di

u=dəxʷ= ə əd=s IRR=ADNM=feed.on=3PO

FOC

ti i

tu=dəxʷ=cili–txʷ–b=s

DIST

PAST=ADNM=supported–ECS–PASS=3PO

‘ “What (the food) was dished up on is where one will eat.’ 413 huy ha huy

ha

SCONJ

good

‘ “That is good.” ’ 414 bəxʷiˑ kʷsi gʷəbəstab gʷəbə a bə=xʷi

kʷsi

gʷə=bə=stab

gʷə=bə= a

ADD=NEG

REM:FEM

SBJ=ADD=what

SBJ=ADD=be.there

‘Again there was nothing there.’ 415 hay tsi si ab hay ay hay

tsi

si ab

hay

ay

SCONJ

SPEC:FEM

noble

SCONJ

INTJ

‘ “Oh, Lady. Oh, my!’ 416 bəxʷi əxʷ ti i ƛ’udsəsq’ʷəladup s ə əd bə=xʷi =axʷ

ti i

ƛ’u=d=s= as–q’ʷəl•adup

s ə əd

ADD=NEG=now

DIST

HAB=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–cooked•land

food

‘ “Again the food which I baked in the ground is gone.” ’ 417 xʷi xʷi NEG

al tsi ə stab qʷiqʷ ay ul al tsi ə at

PROX:FEM

stab

qʷi–qʷ ay •ul

what

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

‘There is nothing on this, whatsits, little wooden dish.’ 418 bə ayitəb sixʷ bə= a–yi–t–b

sixʷ

ADD=be.there–DAT–ICS–PASS

PTCL

‘Again it is put there.’ 419 bəq’ʷəltəb ti ə s ə əd bə=q’ʷəl–t–b

ti ə

s ə əd

ADD=cooked–ICS–PASS

PROX

food

‘Again this food is cooked.’

Martha Williams Lamont

503

420 gʷəl tubəcil i təb ə ti i yaw’ ha gʷəl

tu=bə=cili–t–b

SCONJ

PAST=ADD=supported–ICS–PASS

ə

ti i

yaw’

ha

PR

DIST

only.if

good

‘And it is dished up really nicely.’ 421 bəxʷi xʷi ilu əlgʷə bə=xʷi xʷi –ilu

əlgʷə

ADD=hunt–PRPV

PL

‘Again they go to gather food.’ 422 bə u ʷ bə= u ʷ ADD=go

‘They go again.’ 423 huy ƛ’utab əlgʷə

ə kʷədi ƛ’udəxʷuxʷi xʷi s

huy

ƛ’u= u–taba

əlgʷə

SCONJ

HAB=PFV–do

PL

ə PR

kʷədi

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi =s

REM.DMA

HAB=ADNM=PFV–hunt=3PO

‘Then they would do it (i.e., forage) off there where they gather food.’ 424 bə is əlgʷə bə= il–s

əlgʷə

ADD=arrive–ALTV

PL

‘They come back again.’ 425 bəxʷi ti s ə əds bə=xʷi

ti

s ə əd–s

ADD=NEG

SPEC

food–3PO

‘Again their food is gone.’ 426 kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə qʷiqʷ ay ul kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

qʷi–qʷ ay •ul

taken–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

‘The little wooden dish is taken.’ 427 huy šədᶻaltubəxʷ ə tsi ə dii ’u huy šədᶻal–txʷ–b=axʷ SCONJ

go.outdoors–ECS–PASS=now

ə PR

‘Then this one (woman) takes it outside.’

tsi ə

dii ’u

PROX:FEM

one:HMN

504

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

428 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl

lə=cut

SCONJ

PROG=say

‘She is saying,’ 429 tustabəxʷ dᶻə kʷi tuqʷiqʷ ay ul tudšə dəxʷuq’itbid s ə əd tu=stab=axʷ dᶻə kʷi tu=qʷi–qʷ ay• ul PAST=what=now

PTCL

PAST=ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

REM

tu=d=s=šə

dəxʷ= u–q’it–bi–t

s ə əd

PAST=1SG.PO=NM=make

ADNM=PFV–store–MAP–ICS

food

‘ “What must that little wooden dish that I made into a place for putting food have been?’ 430

ʷul’ lələk’ʷtəb kʷi tudsutab ʷul’ lə=lək’ʷ–t–b only

PROG=eaten–ICS–PASS

kʷi

tu=d=s= u–taba

REM

PAST=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–do

‘ “What I make simply gets eaten.’ 431 ƛ’astətagʷəxʷ ə ƛ’u= as–tə–tagʷəxʷ

ə

HAB=STAT–PL–hungry

1PL.SUB

‘ “We are hungry.” ’ 432 biƛ’itəbəxʷ al ti i

’ƛ’a

biƛ’i–t–b=axʷ

al ti i

crushed–ICS–PASS=now

at

DIST

’ƛ’a stone

‘She smashes it on a rock.’ 433 gʷəl (h)uy tab di i sbiƛ’ils s ə ə s gʷəl

huy

taba di i

s=biƛ’i–il=s

s= ə –ə =s

SCONJ

SCONJ

do

NM=crushed–INCH=3PO

NM=INTNS–split=3PO

suddenly

‘And then, it happens, as soon as it is smashed and broken to many pieces,’ 434 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl

lə=cut

SCONJ

PROG=say

‘Then it says,’

Martha Williams Lamont

435

505

əwə a wə a əwə a wə a waa

waa

‘ “Waaa, waaa.’ 436

ʷəl’əxʷ əd ušušuq’ʷa ləp ʷəl’=axʷ only=now

əd

u=šu–šuq’ʷa –ləp

1SG.SUB

IRR=ATTN–younger.sibling–2PL.PO

‘ “I will just be the little younger brother of you guys.’ 437

əwə a əwə a waa ‘ “Waaa.” ’

438 bəmima ədəxʷ bə ’a ’as bə=mima əd=axʷ

bə= ’a ’as

ADD=small=now

ADD=child

‘This time around (Coyote) is now a small child.’ 439 bas i qəxʷ bə= as– i– əq=axʷ ADD=STAT–ATTN–wrapped=now

‘He is swaddled.’ 440 hay tsi si ab hay hay hay

tsi

si ab

hay

hay

SCONJ

SPEC:FEM

noble

SCONJ

SCONJ

‘ “Oh, Lady! Oh, oh.’ 441 kʷədad t(i) adsu suq’ʷa kʷəda–t

ti

ad–su –suq’ʷa

taken–ICS

SPEC

2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling

‘ “Take your little younger brother.’ 442 kʷədad əxʷ kʷəda–t taken–ICS

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

‘ “You take him.’

506

443

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

əqəd q–t wrapped–ICS ‘ “Swaddle him.’

444

əqəd ha ha

q–t wrapped–ICS

good

‘ “Swaddle him well.’ 445 gʷə albiw’ ə ti i gʷə= albiw’

ə

SBJ=stay.with.in.laws

ti i

1PL.SUB

DIST

‘ “He could stay with us.” ’ 446 dii ’u tsi ə

ə ti tiləb ƛ’u iid

dii ’u

tsi ə

ə ‿ti

one:HMN

PROX:FEM

seemingly

tiləb

ƛ’u= ii–t

immediately

HAB=catch.on–ICS

‘It seems that one of these women caught on right away.’ 447 xʷi kʷi səsaydxʷs gʷəsəsk’ʷə cuts xʷi

kʷi

s= as–hay–dxʷ=s

gʷə=s= as–k’ʷə –t–sut=s

NEG

REM

NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO

SBJ=NM=STAT–wild–ICS–REFL=3PO

‘(The other one) did not know that she should be leery.’ 448 gʷəl dii ’u tsi ə ƛ’ucuuc … gʷəl

dii ’u

tsi ə

ƛ’u=cut–c

SCONJ

one:HMN

PROX:FEM

HAB=say–ALTV

‘And the first one would say to her ...,’ 449

əsdukʷildxʷ. as–dukʷu–il–dxʷ STAT–abnormal–INCH–DC

‘She does not completely trust him.’ 450 gʷəl tu ʷ (h)uy kʷədad gʷəl

tu ʷ

huy

kʷəda–t

SCONJ

just

SCONJ

take–ICS

‘But nonetheless, “Take him!’

Martha Williams Lamont

507

451 šuuc šu –c see–ALTV ‘ “Look after him.’ 452

əqəd q–t wrapped–ICS ‘ “Swaddle him.” ’

453 gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ gʷəl

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

taken–ICS–PASS=now

‘And he is taken.’ 454 gʷəl huyitəbəxʷ ə ti dəxʷskəki s gʷəl

huyu–yi–t–b=axʷ

ə

SCONJ

made–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

PR

ti

dəxʷ=skəki =s

SPEC

ADNM=cradleboard=3PO

‘And a cradleboard is made for him.’ 455 gʷəl qtbaxʷ ti ə gʷəl SCONJ

’a ’as

q–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

wrapped–ICS–PASS=now

’a ’as child

PROX

‘And this child is swaddled.’ 456 mima əd bə ’a ’asəxʷ ti ə tuqʷiqʷ ay ul mi–ma əd

bə= ’a ’as=axʷ

ti ə

tu=qʷi–qʷ ay• ul

ATTN–small

ADD=child=now

PROX

PAST=ATTN–wooden.dish•belly

‘This former little wooden dish is now a little child.’ 457 gʷa( ) di i ti ə sbiaw ti ə ləhuyucut gʷa

di –i

ti ə

sbiaw

ti ə

lə=huyu–t–sut

INTJ

INTNS–FOC

PROX

coyote

PROX

PROG=made–ICS–REFL

‘But it is this very Coyote who has made himself over.’ 458 hay gʷəl atubəxʷ hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

a–txʷ–b=axʷ be.there–ECS–PASS=now

‘And so he is put there.’

508

459

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

əscqʷu tubəxʷ ti ə bib a əd as–cqʷu –txʷ–b=axʷ STAT–post–ECS–PASS=now

’a ’as əskəki i ti ə

biba əd

PROX

small

’a ’as child

as–kəki •i STAT–cradleboard•child

‘This small, cradleboarded child is hung on a post.’ 460 šu u u t(i) adsu suq’ʷa šu u u

ti

ad–su –suq’ʷa

INTJ

SPEC

2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling

‘ “Ah, your little younger brother.” ’ 461 labəxʷ ƛ’utitəliq’ʷəbəxʷ həla b=axʷ

ƛ’u= u–titəliq’ʷəb=axʷ

really=now

HAB=PFV–cute=now

‘He would be really cute.’ 462

abyitəb ə kʷədi stab suc’uqʷ u təbs tul’ al ti ə cədi stab s uladxʷ ab–yi–t–b

ə

extend–DAT–ICS–PASS

PR

kʷədi

stab

s= u–c’uqʷu–t–b=s

REM.DMA

what

NM=PFV–sucked–ICS–PASS=3PO

tul’– al

ti ə

cədi

stab

s uladxʷ

CNTRFG–at

PROX

s/he

what

salmon

‘He is given something from a salmon to suck on.’ 463 bə uq’ʷəlb as bə u ʷ bə= u=q’ʷəl–b=as

bə= u ʷ

ADD=IRR=cooked–CSMD=3SBRD

ADD=go

‘When they cook again, they go again.’ 464 lab ha əxʷ stal əxʷ həla b

ha =axʷ

s=tal =axʷ

really

good=now

NM=able=now

‘(The baby) is really nicely capable now.’ 465 bə a ƛ’u əgʷəldub ti ə sbiaw bə= a

ƛ’u= əgʷəl–dxʷ–b

ti ə

sbiaw

ADD=be.there

HAB=leave–DC–PASS

PROX

coyote

‘Again Coyote would be left alone.’ 466 gʷəl ƛ’ugʷə agʷil gʷəl

ƛ’u=gʷə a–agʷil

SCONJ

HAB=untied–AUTO

‘And he would get untied.’

Martha Williams Lamont

509

467 gʷəl kʷukʷcut ə ti i s ə əd gʷəl

kʷukʷcut

SCONJ

cook

ə

ti i

s ə əd

PR

DIST

food

‘And he would cook himself that food.’ 468 gʷəl ulək’ʷəd ti i s ə əd gʷəl SCONJ

u=lək’ʷ–t IRR=eaten–ICS

ti i

s ə əd

DIST

food

‘And he will eat that food.’ 469 hay gʷəl ubək’ʷildxʷ ti i s ə əd hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u=bək’ʷ–il–dxʷ

ti i

s ə əd

IRR=all–INCH–DC

DIST

food

‘And so that food will be polished off.’ 470 hay gʷəl ubə u ʷ hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go

‘And he will go again.’ 471 gʷəl ubə qagʷil al ti i skəki gʷəl SCONJ

u=bə= q–agʷil

al ti i

IRR=ADD=wrapped–AUTO

at

DIST

skəki cradleboard

‘And again he will tie himself into the cradleboard.’ 472 gʷəl ubə ahəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

u=bə= a=axʷ IRR=ADD=be.there=now

‘And he will be there again.’ 473 bascicqʷu əxʷ bə= as–ci–cqʷu =axʷ ADD=STAT–ATTN–post=now

‘And again it is sort of upright.’ 474 lil u xʷ ti i caadi səxʷs ulə s lil

u xʷ

ti i

caadi

səxʷs ulə –s

far

PTCL

DIST

they

foraging.territory–3PO

‘Those women are still far away in their foraging territory.’

510

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

475 gʷəl utiliq’ʷəbəxʷ gʷəl

utiliq’ʷəbəxʷ

SCONJ

[??]

‘And ...’ 476 huyucutəxʷ ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’uhiha ʷul’ab

huyu–t–sut=axʷ

made–ICS–REFL=now same.way

ƛ’u ’a ’as ƛ’as i q ƛ’ubas axʷ ə

ti i

ƛ’u=hi–ha

ƛ’u= ’a ’as

PR

DIST

HAB=ATTN–good

HAB=child

ƛ’u= as– i– əq

ƛ’u=bə= as– ə =axʷ

HAB=STAT–ATTN–wrapped

HAB=ADD=STAT–mind=now

‘He would make himself into a good little child, swaddled, behaving himself.’ 477 huy yuhud t(i) adsu suq’ʷa huy

yuhu–t

ti

ad–su –suq’ʷa

SCONJ

aware–ICS

SPEC

2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling

‘Then, “Notice your little younger brother.’ 478 la bəxʷ ha

stal əxʷ

həla b=axʷ

ha

stal =axʷ

really=now

good

capable.person=now

‘ “Now he is really a very capable one.” ’ 479 gʷəl ləcutəb ə tsi ə cədi gʷəl

lə=cut–t–b

SCONJ

PROG=say–ICS–PASS

ə PR

tsi ə

cədi

PROX:FEM

s/he

‘But it is spoken by her,’ 480 xʷi əxʷ sixʷ ti tus ə əd ə xʷi =axʷ

sixʷ

ti

tu=s ə əd

NEG=now

PTCL

SPEC

PAST=food

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “Again our food is gone!’ 481 xʷi əxʷ ti i tuha

tul’ al tə a tubastab

xʷi =axʷ

ti i

tu=ha

tul’– al

tə

NEG=now

DIST

PAST=good

CNTRFG–at

NSPEC

tu=bə= as–stab PAST=ADD=STAT–what

‘ “The good things that were from there are gone.’

a be.there

Martha Williams Lamont

511

482 di əxʷ stabəxʷ kʷi gʷə a di =axʷ

stab=axʷ

kʷi

gʷə= a

other.side=now

what=now

REM

SBJ=be.there

‘ “There is nothing there.’ 483 stabəxʷ kʷədi

ulək’ʷyitubu

stab=axʷ

kʷədi

u–lək’ʷ–yi–t–ubu

what=now

REM.DMA

PFV–EAT–DAT–ICS–1PL.OBJ

‘ “What eats (our food) from us?’ 484 stabəxʷ stab=axʷ what=now ‘ “What?” ’ 485

ay əšuuc t(i) adsu suq’ʷa ay

as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV

INTJ

ti

ad–su –suq’ʷa

SPEC

2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling

‘ “Oh, look at your little younger brother.’ 486

əšuuc as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV

‘ “Look at him!” ’ 487 huy bəgʷa ʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ

aləxʷ kʷi cədi tusaydxʷsəxʷ əlgʷə

bə=gʷa ʷ

əlgʷə

ADD=walk

PL

al=axʷ at=now

kʷi

cədi

REM

s/he

tu=s=hay–dxʷ=s=axʷ

əlgʷə

PAST=NM=known–DC=3PO=now

PL

‘Then they walk away when they had it figured out.’ 488 di əw’ə ti ə cədi gədu ti ə

uqada ilbəxʷ ə ti tus ə əds

di

əw’ə

ti ə

cədi

gədu

ti ə

FOC

PTCL

PROX

s/he

so.and.so

PROX

ti

tu=s ə əd–s

SPEC

PAST=food–3PO

u–qada –il–b=axʷ PFV–steal–INCH–MD=now

‘Indeed, it is this so-and-so who has been stealing their former food.’

ə PR

512

Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives

489 gʷəl əs aləxʷ həw’ə kʷi tushuys əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ

as– al=axʷ STAT–how=now

həw’ə

kʷi

tu=s=huyu=s

əlgʷə

PTCL

REM

PAST=NM=made=3PO

PL

‘But how do they deal with it?’ 490 di əw’ə tušac’səxʷ xʷu ələ di

əw’ə

tu=šac’–s=axʷ

xʷu ələ

FOC

PTCL

PAST=end–3PO=now

maybe

‘That I guess is the end of him.’ 491 xʷi ləhaac ə ti ti i xʷi

lə=haac

NEG

NEGP=long

ə ‿ti seemingly

‘That sort (of story) is not long.’

ti i DIST

2 Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise 1875-1969

Lizzie cleaning fish for a tribal gathering, probably in the 1940s. Photo courtesy of Cal Taylor.

A firm believer that it takes a village to raise a child, Lizzie Krise played an active role in helping to raise many children at Tulalip.1 Frieda Williams, herself a grandmother now, remembers that one day when she was a small child, she was out walking with her father and Lizzie came up to them. “This child is old enough to know right from wrong,” Lizzie told Frieda’s father, and from that time on, Lizzie took Frieda to church each week and then home for __________ 1

This introduction combines the memories of the late George Taylor, the George Taylor family, the late Thom Hess, Frieda Williams, and Rebecca Posey.

514

Chapter 2

Sunday dinner afterwards. Because she was often feeding more kids than there was room for at the dining table, Lizzie had someone make child-sized tables and chairs for the others. Frieda still pictures Lizzie, who was about four-and-a-half feet tall, walking up to her father, who was over six feet tall, and borrowing his child. The late George Taylor, Lizzie’s grandson, recalled that when he was about eleven, Lizzie returned from a trip to the other side of the mountains with a shotgun for him. She took him out to teach him how to hunt, and taught him how to hang up his game on a forked stick and return to collect it later. The first thing he shot was a robin. That night in the kitchen, George saw Lizzie plucking and cleaning the robin. “What are you doing, grandma?” he asked. “I am getting this robin ready to cook,” she told him. “You don’t shoot anything you aren’t going to eat.” Lizzie fed the children from her own garden. She kept rabbits and chickens, and later added a goat, when she heard that goat’s milk could help prevent tuberculosis. At every gathering you could find her in the kitchen. Experiencing life as a series of teachable moments, she was herself an embodiment of all teachings. It was to Lizzie that the tribal chairman recommended the young linguistics student Thom Hess when he first came to Tulalip. Lizzie had the courage to take a chance on working with this young man who appeared out of the blue, and her decision set in motion the preservation of our language. The recordings that Thom Hess made with Lizzie are still in use in our Lushootseed classrooms today. Her gentle voice and laughter testify to a warm working relationship, and she takes pains to speak slowly, as though she could envision all the young ears that would be trying to follow her speech down through the decades. Through Lizzie, Thom was introduced to the two people who became his greatest advisers and teachers, Martha and Levi Lamont. Lizzie’s descendants are the George Taylor family and the Ron Kona family, as well as all the tribal members who have benefited from her legacy.

Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise

Lizzie Krise and her granddaughter Virginia Weeks in the 1960s. Photo courtesy of Cal Taylor.

515

516

Lady Louse

Lady Louse as told by Elizabeth Krise1 First Version 1

əs a lil kʷsi bš ’ad al tə hiˑkʷ al al as– a lil STAT–live

kʷsi

bš ’ad

REM:FEM

louse

al at

tə

hikʷ

al al

NSPEC

big

house

‘Louse lives in a big house.’ 2

day’ay’ day’–ay’ DSTR–uniquely

‘Alone.’ 3

xʷi kʷi gʷə i iišəds xʷi

kʷi

gʷə= i– iišəd–s

NEG

REM

SBJ=RDP–relatives–3PO

‘She has no relatives.’ 4

kʷədadəxʷ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now ‘Oh, she takes it.’

5

gʷəl iq’ʷidəxʷ ti ə gʷəl SCONJ

al als

iq’ʷi–t=axʷ sweep–ICS=now

ti ə PROX

al al–s house–3PO

‘And she sweeps her house.’ 6

qa s ’iq’ʷil qa

s= ’iq’ʷ–il

many

NM=dirty–INCH

‘It is really dirty.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, August 1962, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess; further redaction by Thom Hess. The story is recorded twice in succession on the tape; a “complete” version of the story was created at a later date for pedagogical purposes largely by amalgamating line 6 of the first version into the second. This version was popularized by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert and published as part of Lady Louse Lived There (Hilbert 1996).

Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise

7

517

huy ʷil’əxʷ huy

ʷil’=axʷ lost=now

SCONJ

‘She gets lost.’ 8

That’s the end of it.

Second Version 1

əs a lil tsi bš ’ad al tə hiˑkʷ al al as– a lil STAT–live

tsi

bš ’ad

SPEC:FEM

louse

al at

tə

hikʷ

al al

NSPEC

big

house

‘Louse lives in a big house.’ 2

day’ay’ day’–ay’ DSTR–uniquely

‘Alone.’ 3

xʷi kʷi gʷəsya ya s xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=ya ya –s

NEG

REM

SBJ=relative–3PO

‘She has no relatives.’ 4

huy gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ huy

gʷəl

kʷəda–t=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

taken–ICS=now

‘And then she takes it.’ 5

gʷəl iq’ʷidəxʷ ti ə hikʷ al al gʷəl SCONJ

iq’ʷi–t=axʷ sweep–ICS=now

ti ə

hikʷ

al al

PROX

big

house

‘And she sweeps the big house.’ 6

ʷul’əxʷ u udəgʷiǰiləxʷ al ti i ʷul’=axʷ only=now

al al

u– udəgʷ•i –il=axʷ PFV–centre•covering–INCH=now

‘She gets only to the middle of the house.’

al ti i at

DIST

al al house

518

7

Lady Louse

huy ʷil’əxʷ huy SCONJ

ʷil’=axʷ lost=now

‘She gets lost.’ 8

šəbšuˑb bš ’aˑd šəb–šub

bš ’ad

DSTR–disappear

louse

‘Louse disappears.’ 9

That’s the end.

3 ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam 1907-1973

Hagan, in his mother’s arms, looks at his grandparents, sʔadacut and k’ʷuyaɬ. In the chair is his older brother Alfred. Photo courtesy of Virginia Carpenter.

Lushootseed learners at Tulalip are familiar with the photograph of Hagan Sam that they see at the beginning of their first book of Lushootseed stories: he appears as a white-haired elder in a Sunday suit, Bible under his arm, standing by his wife Ethel and posing for a photograph on their way to or from the Shaker Church.1 Hagan is also one of the first Lushootseed speakers they hear, as he tells on tape the stories transcribed in the present volume. He __________ 1

This introduction combines the memories of William (Sonny) Sam, the late Thom Hess, the late Marya Moses, and Hank Gobin.

520

Chapter 3

is a modern man and an ancient man, and it is hard not to think of him as almost two separate beings. We wonder what it must have been like to be all at once the descendant of a line of tribal leaders whose known history extends back into the mists of time, a virtuoso of a traditional verbal art, a Shaker healer, a logger, a fisherman, a driver of horses across the mountains, a practical joker, a singer of Country Western songs in demand at local fairs and on the radio, and an enthusiastic buyer of new cars. He shares with his generation the mindaltering transition from a life imbued with tradition to a life in which tradition must be sought out. The photograph of Hagan as a baby on the previous page gives a sense of the antiquity and importance of his family. A story is told about the encounter between one of his ancestors and a prehistoric water being. The story illustrates how far back the Snohomish presence along this part of the coast extends. One of his ancestors was a hereditary leader of the main Snohomish village in the 1820s or ’30s, when the only known tsunami to have occurred in Puget Sound killed large numbers of Snohomish people. Hagan’s grandfather sʔadacut was a traditional healer whose work among the community is talked about even today. His father, Casimir, was a celebrated storyteller, against whose memory our storytellers are still measured. The child sitting in the chair grew up to provide testimony in federal court that helped secure tribal fishing rights and illuminate for succeeding generations the importance of the Killer Whale for the people of Tulalip. In the work that he did with Thom Hess, Hagan Sam carried on his family’s work of upholding traditional culture and being of use to the community. The language of his tellings he kept relatively simple for beginners, but in doing so he did not betray the high art of which he was a master. These tellings abound in examples of the narrative strategies that have kept the Lushootseed story community alert and alive through the centuries.

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

Hagan Sam in the 1920s. Photo courtesy of George and Mae Williams.

521

522

Black Bear and Ant

Black Bear and Ant as told by Edward Sam1 1

hay a ti ə syəyəhub ə ti i s ətxʷəd i tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd hay

a be.there

SCONJ

ti ə

syəyəhub

PROX

legend

ə

ti i

s ətxʷəd

PR

DIST

bear

i CONJ

tsi i DIST:FEM

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd ant ‘So, here is a traditional story about Black Bear and Ant.’ 2

ti ə s ətxʷəd gʷəl ʷuˑl’ ƛ’u ibibəš ʷul’ ƛ’u= ib– ibəš

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

gʷəl

PROX

bear

SCONJ

only

HAB=DSTR–travel

‘This Black Bear, he would just wander around.’ 3

ʷuˑl’ ƛ’u ibibəš ʷul’ ƛ’u= ib– ibəš only

HAB=DSTR–travel

‘He would just wander around.’ 4

gʷəl tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd gʷəl dᶻəgʷa dxʷ ulus gʷəl

tsi i

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

gʷəl

dᶻəgʷa

dxʷ ulus

SCONJ

DIST:FEM

ant

SCONJ

expert

steady.worker

‘And Ant, she is an expert, hard-worker.’ 5

hay aliləxʷ əd ti ə s ətxʷəd hay SCONJ

al–il=axʷ at–INCH=now

əd 1SG.SUB

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PROX

bear

‘And so, I come to Black Bear.’ 6

ƛ’iqagʷiləxʷ ti i s ətxʷəd tul’ al ti i

al als

ƛ’iqi–agʷil=axʷ

ti i

s ətxʷəd

tul’– al

ti i

emerge–AUTO=now

DIST

bear

CNTRFG–at

DIST

al al–s house–3PO

‘Black Bear comes out of his house,’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 26 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Edward Sam; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995).

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

7

ti i

523

al als ƛ’udəxʷ u ʷs al ti i pədt’əs

ti i DIST

al al–s

ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u ʷ=s

house–3PO

al ti i

HAB=ADNM=go=3PO

at

DIST

pədt’əs winter

‘His house where he would go in the winter.’ 8

ƛ’iqagʷil ti i s ətxʷəd ƛ’iqi–agʷil

ti i

s ətxʷəd

emerge–AUTO

DIST

bear

‘Black Bear comes out.’ 9

huy ibibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ

ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now

‘Then he wanders around.’ 10

ibibəšəxʷ ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now

‘He wanders around.’ 11 gʷə ’əbaxʷ gʷə ’a–b=axʷ search–CSMD=now ‘He is looking for (food).’ 12 stab kʷi gʷəsu ə əds stab

kʷi

gʷə=s= u– ə əd=s

what

REM

SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

‘What could he eat?’ 13 gʷəl a kʷa tsi ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd gʷəl SCONJ

a be.there

kʷa

tsi

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

PTCL

SPEC:FEM

ant

‘And, of course, there is Ant.’ 14 ləcuyayus ləcuyayus ləcuyayus ck’ʷaqid ləcuyayus ləcu–yayus

ləcu–yayus

ləcu–yayus

ck’ʷaqid ləcu–yayus

CONT–work

CONT–work

CONT–work

always

‘She is working, working, working, always working.’

CONT–work

524

15

Black Bear and Ant

uq’ʷu əd ti i stab gʷədəxʷəli is əlgʷə

udəxʷu ə əds stab gʷədəxʷu ə əds

əlgʷə stab gʷu əy’dxʷ u–q’ʷu –t PFV–gathered–ICS

ti i

stab

gʷə=dəxʷ=həli –il–s=s

DIST

what

SBJ=ADNM=alive–INCH–ALTV=3PO

u=dəxʷ= u– ə əd=s IRR=ADNM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

stab

gʷə= u– əy’–dxʷ

what

SBJ=PFV–find–DC

əlgʷə PL

stab

gʷə=dəxʷ= u– ə əd=s

əlgʷə

what

ADNM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

‘She gathers whatever they live on, so they can eat, anything so they can eat, whatever she can find.’ 16 ləcuq’ʷu əd əlgʷə ti i s ə əds ləcu–q’ʷu –t

əlgʷə

ti i

s ə əd–s

CONT–gathered–ICS

PL

DIST

food–3PO

‘She is gathering their food.’ 17 gʷəl ƛ’u a ild əlgʷə

udəxʷ as kʷi stab us u ə əds əlgʷə

gʷəl

ƛ’u= a –il–t

əlgʷə

ti i

SCONJ

HAB=be.there–INCH–ICS

PL

DIST

stab what

u=s= u– ə əd=s

u=dəxʷ= a=s

kʷi

IRR=ADNM=be.there=3PO

əlgʷə

IRR=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

PL

‘And they always put it away so there will be something for them to eat.’ 18

a kʷa ti ə s ətxʷəd a be.there

kʷa

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PTCL

PROX

bear

‘Of course, there is Black Bear.’ 19

ʷul’ ləcu ibibəš ʷul’ only

ləcu– ib–ibəš CONT–DIM.EFF–travel

‘He is just wandering around.’ 20

ʷul’ ləcu i adəb ə ti ə sq’ʷəla əd ə ti i ƛ’usq’ʷəls ʷul’ ləcu– i ad–b only

CONT–eat.as.ripens–MD

ə PR

ti ə

sq’ʷəla əd

PROX

berry

ƛ’u=s=q’ʷəl=s HAB=NM=cooked=3PO

‘He is just eating berries as they ripen.’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

REM

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

21

525

aˑ gʷəl ƛ’ubə axʷ ti i s ətxʷəd a INTJ

gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə =axʷ

ti i

s ətxʷəd

SCONJ

HAB=full=now

DIST

bear

‘And then Black Bear always gets full.’ 22 puˑtəxʷ ƛ’asbə put=axʷ

ƛ’u= as–bə

really=now

HAB=STAT–full

‘He is always really full.’ 23 hay gʷəl ƛ’u u ʷəxʷ hay

gʷəl

ƛ’u= u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

HAB=go=now

‘So he always goes now.’ 24 gʷəl ƛ’udxʷpakʷahəbəxʷ gʷəl

ƛ’u=dxʷ–pakʷ•ah–b=axʷ

SCONJ

HAB=CTD–lie.with.rear.up•buttocks–MD=now

‘And he always lies with his rear up.’ 25 hay gʷəl ƛ’u itutəxʷ hay

gʷəl

ƛ’u= itut=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

HAB=sleep=now

‘And so he always sleeps.’ 26 huy aƛ’iləxʷ t s i ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd i ti i s ətxʷəd huy SCONJ

aƛ’il=axʷ argue=now

tsi ə

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

PROX:FEM

ant

i CONJ

ti i

s ətxʷəd

DIST

bear

‘Then Ant and Black Bear argue.’ 27

aƛ’iləxʷ əlgʷə aƛ’il=axʷ argue=now

əlgʷə PL

‘They argue.’ 28 huy q’ʷu təbəxʷ ti i bək’ʷa kʷbixʷ huy

q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ

ti i

bək’ʷ•a kʷ•bixʷ

SCONJ

gathered–ICS–PASS=now

DIST

all•group•cluster

‘And so, everyone is gathered.’

526

29

Black Bear and Ant

səs q’ʷu s əlgʷə s= as–q’ʷu =s

əlgʷə

NM=STAT–gathered=3PO

PL

‘They gather.’ 30 q’ʷu təbəxʷ ti i i si i ab q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ

ti –i i

si –i ab

gathered–ICS–PASS=now

PL–DIST

PL–noble

‘The high-ranking people are gathered.’ 31 gʷəl huy gʷadadgʷadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəgʷatəs kʷ(i) uc’əlalikʷ gʷəl

huy

gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ

əlgʷə

gʷə=gʷat=as

kʷi

SCONJ

SCONJ

DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now

PL

SBJ=who=3SBRD

REM

u=c’əl–alikʷ IRR=win–ACT

‘And then they discuss who the winner will be.’ 32

wiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd gʷəs aləs kʷi ə s wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ

tsi ə

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

gʷə= as– al=as

kʷi

ask–ICS–PASS=now

PROX:FEM

ant

SBJ=STAT–how=3SBRD

REM

ə –s mind–3PO ‘Ant is asked what is on her mind.’ 33 huy cutəxʷ huy

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

say=now

‘So she sings,’ 34

a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 35

a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

36

527

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 37

a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 38

a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 39

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 40 weˑ xʷe eˑ eˑ weˑ xʷe eˑ ‘♪ “Weee xʷe eee eee weee xʷe eee , ♪’ 41

a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 42

a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 43

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 44 weˑ eˑ heˑ eˑ heˑ e he ‘♪ “Wee ee hee ee hee e he.” ♪’

528

Black Bear and Ant

45 gʷəl əs al ti ə s ətxʷəd gʷəl SCONJ

as– al STAT–how

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PROX

bear

‘And how about Black Bear?’ 46

ʷul’ əxʷpakʷ(ah)əb ti i s ətxʷəd ʷul’ only

as–dxʷ–pakʷ•ah–b STAT–CTD–lie.with.rear.up•buttocks–MD

ti i

s ətxʷəd

DIST

bear

‘Black Bear is just lying there with his rear up.’ 47

ʷul’ ƛ’ubəxʷpusəb ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=bə=xʷpusəb HAB=ADD=lift.head.up

‘He always just lifts his head up.’ 48 gʷəl ƛ’ubəcut gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=cut

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=say

‘And he says,’ 49 dukʷəlaˑdxʷ gʷəl ubələ iˑl. dukʷəladxʷ

gʷəl

next.year

SCONJ

u=bə=lə –il IRR=ADD=light–INCH

‘ “Next year there will be another day.” ’ 50 di day’ ƛ’uscut ə ti i s ətxʷəd di

day’

ƛ’u=s=cut

FOC

uniquely

IRR=NM=say

ə

ti i

s ətxʷəd

PR

DIST

bear

‘That is all Black Bear would say.’ 51 huy əsqʷic’ huy SCONJ

as–qʷic’ STAT–lazy

‘Because he is so lazy.’ 52 haˑy gʷəl tadᶻ xʷul’əxʷ tubətadᶻ tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd hay

gʷəl

tadᶻ

xʷul’=axʷ

tu=bə=tadᶻ

tsi i

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

SCONJ

SCONJ

dance

only=now

PAST=ADD=dance

DIST:FEM

ant

‘So then Ant dances, she just danced again.’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

529

53 puˑtəxʷ tubəƛ’ac’ahəb tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd put=axʷ

tu=bə=ƛ’ac’•ah–b

tsi i

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

really=now

PAST=ADD=cinch•bottom–MD

DIST:FEM

ant

‘Ant vigorously cinched up her waist.’ 54

ʷul’ ƛ’ubəxʷpusəb ti ə s ətxʷəd ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=bə=xʷpusəb

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

HAB=ADD=lift.head.up

PROX

bear

‘Black Bear always just lifts up his head.’ 55 gʷəl ƛ’ubəcut gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=cut

SCONJ

HAB=ADD=say

‘And he always says again,’ 56 dukʷəlaˑdxʷ gʷəl ubələ iˑl. dukʷəladxʷ

gʷəl

u=bə=lə –il

next.year

SCONJ

IRR=ADD=light–INCH

‘ “Next year there will be another day.” ’ 57 di day’ ƛ’uscut ə ti i s ətxʷəd di

day’

ƛ’u=s=cut

FOC

uniquely

IRR=NM=say

ə

ti i

s ətxʷəd

PR

DIST

bear

‘That is all Black Bear would say.’ 58 hay putəxʷ ƛ’ubət’ilib tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd. hay

put=axʷ

ƛ’u=bə=t’ilib

tsi ə

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

SCONJ

really=now

HAB=ADD=sing

PROX:FEM

ant

‘So Ant really sings.’ 59

ʷuˑl’əxʷ ƛ’ubət’ilib ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ƛ’u=bə=t’ilib HAB=ADD=sing

‘She always just sings.’ 60 puˑtəxʷ ƛ’ubəƛ’ac’ahəb put=axʷ

ƛ’u=bə=ƛ’ac’•ah–b

really=now

IRR=ADD=cinch•bottom–MD

‘She always really cinches up her waist.’

530

Black Bear and Ant

61 hay gʷəl ƛ’ubət’ilibəxʷ hay

gʷəl

ƛ’u=bə=t’ilib=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

IRR=ADD=sing=now

‘And so, she would sing again.’ 62

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 63

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl. a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 64

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 65

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 66

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 67 haˑy ʷeˑ eyaˑ ʷeˑ e haˑwəˑl ʷeˑ e haˑ əˑ əˑ haˑ ehaˑwuˑ ‘♪ “Haay ʷee eyaa ʷee e haawəəl ʷee e haa əə əə haa ehaawuu, ♪’ 68

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 69

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

70

531

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 71 he eheˑ ‘♪ “He eheee.” ♪’ 72 hay gʷəl c’əlalikʷəxʷ

ə ti ə s ətxʷəd

hay

gʷəl

c’əl–alikʷ=axʷ

ə

SCONJ

SCONJ

win–ACT=now

PR

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PROX

bear

‘So, she wins out over Black Bear.’ 73 tu abyitəbəxʷ ə ti i

a a

ə kʷi di stab s kʷi gʷəs aƛ’s

tu= ab–yi–t–b=axʷ PAST=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

ə

ti i

a a

ə

PR

DIST

powers

PR

stab–s

kʷi

gʷə=s= aƛ’=s

what–3PO

REM

SBJ=NM=desire=3PO

kʷi

di

REM

FOC

‘The spirit powers gave her what she wanted.’ 74 gʷəl a kʷa ti ə s ətxʷəd gʷəl SCONJ

a be.there

kʷa

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PTCL

PROX

bear

‘And there, of course, is Black Bear.’ 75 puˑtəxʷ əsbə put=axʷ

as–bə

really=now

STAT–full

‘He’s really stuffed.’ 76 put ƛ’ubə itut ti i

əxʷpakʷahəb

put

ƛ’u=bə= itut

ti i

really

HAB=ADD=sleep

DIST

as–dxʷ–pakʷ•ah–b STAT–CTD–lie.with.rear.up•buttocks–MD

‘He is always sound asleep with his rear up.’ 77 c’əlalikʷ tsi

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

c’əl–alikʷ

tsi i

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

win–ACT

DIST:FEM

ant

‘Ant wins.’

532

Black Bear and Ant

78 puˑtəxʷ əxʷ əcqgʷas tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd put=axʷ

as–dxʷ– əcqgʷas

really=now

STAT–CTD–cut.in.two

tsi ə

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

PROX:FEM

ant

‘She is really nearly cut in two.’ 79 gʷəl c’əlalikʷ gʷəl

c’əl–alikʷ

SCONJ

win–ACT

‘And she wins.’ 80 c’əlalikʷ huy dxʷ ulus c’əl–alikʷ

huy

dxʷ ulus

win–ACT

SCONJ

steady.worker

‘She wins (because) she is a steady worker.’ 81 ck’ʷaqid ƛ’uyayus ck’ʷaqid

ƛ’u=yayus

always

HAB=work

‘She always works.’ 82 hay tadᶻəxʷ tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd hay

tadᶻʷ=axʷ

tsi ə

ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd

SCONJ

dance=now

PROX:FEM

ant

‘So Ant dances.’ 83

əshii as–hii STAT–happy

‘She is happy.’ 84

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day,” ♪’ 85

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

86

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 87

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 88

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 89 haˑy haˑ ehaˑ wa he aˑ heˑ xʷeˑ e heˑ ‘♪ “haay haa ehaa wa he aa hea xʷee e heˑ, ♪’ 90

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 91

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 92

a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH

gʷəl

bə=lə –il

SCONJ

ADD=light–INCH

‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 93 haˑ eˑ e eˑ xʷuxʷuweˑ e eˑ ʷe eˑ e eˑ e eˑ haˑye ‘♪ “Haa ee e ee xʷuxʷuwee e ee ʷe ee e ee e ee haaye.” ♪’

533

534

Black Bear and Fish Hawk

Black Bear and Fish Hawk as told by Edward Sam1 1

a ti i s ətxʷəd al kʷədi dəxʷəs a lils a be.there

ti i

s ətxʷəd

DIST

bear

dəxʷ= as– a lil=s

al kʷədi at

REM.DMA

ADNM=STAT–live=3PO

‘There is Black Bear where he lives.’ 2

hay gʷəl tula dxʷəxʷ ti i sya ya s hay

gʷəl

tu=la –dxʷ=axʷ

ti i

sya ya –s

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=remember–DC=now

DIST

friend–3PO

‘And so he remembered his friend.’ 3

gʷəl tu u ʷcəxʷ gʷəl

tu= u ʷ–c=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=go–ALTV=now

‘And he went to him.’ 4

gʷəl tudᶻəla adbidəxʷ ti i ib ib c’i c’i ti i həla b sda s c’i c’i tu=dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t=axʷ ti i ib ib c’i c’i

gʷəl

SCONJ

PAST=turn•side–MAP–ICS=now

s=da a=s

c’i c’i

N=named=3PO

fish.hawk

DIST

hawk

fish.hawk

ti i

həla b

DIST

really

‘And he visited Hawk – Fish Hawk, that is his real name, Fish Hawk.’ 5

gʷəl tudᶻəla adbid al ti i pə(d)t’əs gʷəl tu=dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t SCONJ

PAST=turn•side–MAP–ICS

al at

ti i

pədt’əs

DIST

winter

‘And he visited him during the winter.’ 6

huˑy u ʷc ti i sya ya s ti la dxʷbidəxʷ huy

gʷəl

tu= u ʷ–c

ti i

sya ya –s

ti

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=go–ALTV

DIST

friend–3PO

SPEC

la –dxʷ–bi–d=axʷ remember–DC–MAP–ICS=now ‘So he goes to his friend who he was remembering.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 24 August 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Alfred Sam, 13 August 1964; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995).

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

7

535

hay gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ti ə c’i c’i hay

gʷəl

cut–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

c’i c’i

SCONJ

SCONJ

say–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

fish.hawk

‘And so, Fish Hawk is spoken to.’ 8

əstagʷəxʷəxʷ ti i sya ya s s ətxʷəd as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ

ti i

sya ya –s

s ətxʷəd

STAT–hungry=now

DIST

friend–3PO

bear

‘His friend Black Bear is hungry.’ 9

hay tuk’ʷit’əxʷ al ti i stuləkʷ hay

tu=k’ʷit’=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=shoreward=now

al ti i at

stuləkʷ river

DIST

‘So (Fish Hawk) went down to the river.’ 10 saq’ʷ dxʷšəq ti i c’i c’i saq’ʷ

dxʷ–šq

ti i

c’i c’i

fly

CNTRPT–high

DIST

fish.hawk

‘Fish Hawk flies up high.’ 11 gʷəl tušudxʷ ti i s uladxʷ al ti i sq’a ʷ gʷəl

tu=šu –dxʷ

ti i

s uladxʷ

SCONJ

PAST=see–DC

DIST

salmon

al ti i at

‘And he saw a salmon through the ice.’ 12 gʷaˑl tu usis gʷəl

tu= usil–s

CONJ

PAST=dive–ALTV

‘And he dove after it.’ 13 gʷəl tukʷədxʷ ti ə s uladxʷ gʷəl

tu=kʷəda–dxʷ

ti ə

s uladxʷ

SCONJ

PAST=taken–DC

PROX

salmon

‘And he grabbed the salmon.’ 14 tu ubətxʷəxʷ tu= ubə–txʷ=axʷ PAST=go.inland–ECS=now

‘And he took it up the bank.’

DIST

sq’axʷ ice

536

Black Bear and Fish Hawk

15 hay tukʷukʷcutəxʷ al ti i sya ya s s ətxʷəd hay

tu=kʷukʷcut=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=cook=now

al ti i at

DIST

sya ya –s

s ətxʷəd

friend–3PO

bear

‘So he cooked it for his friend, Black Bear.’ 16 hay gʷəl tuhədhəda ibəxʷ ti ə c’i c’i hay

gʷəl

tu=həd–həd•a i –b=axʷ

ti ə

c’i c’i

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=DSTR–warm•hand–MD=now

PROX

fish.hawk

‘So then Fish Hawk warmed up his hands,’ 17 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

drip

drip

drip

drip

drip

‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’ 18 gʷəl huy u abyidəxʷ ti i s ətxʷəd gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

ə ti i bəs ʷəs]

u– ab–yi–t=axʷ PFV–extend–DAT–ICS=now

ti i

s ətxʷəd

DIST

bear

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

bə=s ʷəs ADD=fat

‘And next he gives Black Bear more fat,’ 19 gʷəl dəxʷc’ibs ə ti i s uladxʷ ə ti i bəs ʷəs gʷəl

dəxʷ=c’ib=s

SCONJ

ADNM=dip=3PO

ə

ti i

s uladxʷ

PR

DIST

salmon

ə

ti i

bə=s ʷəs

PR

DIST

ADD=fat

‘So that (he could) dip the salmon in more fat.’ 20 hay gʷəl tusulayitəbəxʷ ə ti i sali sq’ʷiq’ʷəla əd hay SCONJ

gʷəl

tu=sula–yi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=centred–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

sali

sq’ʷi–q’ʷəla əd

two

ATTN–berry

‘And so he set before him two little berries.’ 21 hay ə əd ti ə s ətxʷəd hay SCONJ

ə əd feed.on

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PROX

bear

‘So, Black Bear eats.’

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

22

537

al su ə əds ə ti i s uladxʷs gʷəl xʷiˑ kʷi gʷəsbək’ʷdxʷs al s= u– ə əd=s at

NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO

ə

ti i

s uladxʷ–s

gʷəl

xʷi

kʷi

PR

DIST

salmon–3PO

SCONJ

NEG

REM

gʷə=s=bək’ʷ–dxʷ=s SBJ=NM=all–DC=3PO

‘As he is eating the salmon, he can’t finish it.’ 23 hay dxʷ ʷal’igʷədəxʷ hay

dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–fail•inside.body=now

‘So, he gives up.’ 24

ušuuc ti i sq’ʷəla əd u–šu –c PFV–see–ALTV

ti i

sq’ʷəla əd

DIST

berry

‘He looks at the berries.’ 25 sa sali sq’ʷəla əd sa

sali

sq’ʷəla əd

bad

two

berry

‘ “There are only two lousy berries.” ’ 26 gʷəl əsqʷubidəxʷ as–qʷu –bi–t=axʷ

gʷəl

STAT–water–MAP–ICS=now

SCONJ

‘But (his mouth) waters for them.’ 27 huy tu ə ədaxʷ huy

tu= ə əd=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=feed.on=now

‘So he ate them.’ 28 kʷədad ti ə də ’u kʷəda–t

ti ə

də ’u

taken–ICS

PROX

one

‘He takes one.’ 29 hiˑkʷ tuha

ti i sq’ʷəla əd

hikʷ

tu=ha

ti i

sq’ʷəla əd

big

PAST=good

DIST

berry

‘It is a really good berry.’

538

Black Bear and Fish Hawk

30 hay gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ ti i

i bək’ʷ tubək’ʷ

hay

gʷəl

kʷəda–t=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

taken–ICS=now

2

i and

bək’ʷ

tu=bək’ʷ

all

PAST=all

‘And next he takes it and everything, and (that) was all.’ 31 bəšudxʷ əsaydxʷəxʷ xʷi əxʷ bə=šu –dxʷ ADD=see–DC

as–hay–dxʷ=axʷ

xʷi =axʷ

STAT–known–DC=now

NEG=now

‘He looks again thinking there are none left.’ 32 huy sa səli huy

sa –səli

SCONJ

ATTN–two

‘But there are two little ones.’ 33 bəšu bə=šu ADD=see

‘So he looks again.’ 34 bə aˑ ti i sq’ʷəla əd bə= a

ti i

sq’ʷəla əd

ADD=be.there

DIST

berry

‘Those berries are still there.’ 35 huy yəla ibidəxʷ ti i s ə əds huy

yəl•a i –bi–t=axʷ

ti i

s= ə əd=s

SCONJ

both•hand–MAP–ICS=now

DIST

NOM=food=3PO

‘So he uses both hands to eat.’ 36 s ə əds s ə əds s ə əds iˑ s= ə əd=s

s= ə əd=s

s= ə əd=s

NOM=food=3PO

NOM=food=3PO

NOM=food=3PO

i and

‘And eat and eat and eat, and ...’ 37 gʷəl bə dxʷ ʷal’igʷəd gʷəl

bə

dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd

SCONJ

full

CTD–fail•inside.body

‘And he’s full and he gives up.’

__________ 2

The last three words here are indistinct in the recording and are uncertain. They are not included at all in Hess 1995, 153, line 31.

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

539

38 huy cuucəxʷ ti i sya ya s c’i c’i huy

cut–c=axʷ

ti i

sya ya –s

c’i c’i

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

DIST

friend–3PO

fish.hawk

‘Then he says to his friend, Fish Hawk,’ 39 day’ əxʷ u əƛ’ dxʷ al ti i d al al əda u ə tubicid day’

əxʷ

uniquely

2SG.SUB

u= əƛ’ IRR=come

dxʷ– al

ti i

d– al al

CNTRPT–at

DIST

1SG.PO–house

u= ə –txʷ–bicid IRR=be.fed–ECS–2SG.OBJ

‘ “After a while you will come to my house and I will feed you.’ 40 dᶻəla adbic əxʷ dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t–s

əxʷ

turn•side–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ

2SG.SUB

‘ “You will visit me.” ’ 41 huy cut ti i c’i c’i huy

cut

ti i

c’i c’i

SCONJ

say

DIST

fish.hawk

‘Then Fish Hawk says,’ 42 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’ 43 hay la d ub ə ti i c’i c’i ti i tuscutəbs ə ti i s ətxʷəd hay

la –dxʷ–b

SCONJ

remember–DC–PASS

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

tu=s=cut–t–b=s PAST=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO

c’i c’i

ti i

fish.hawk

DIST

ə

ti i

s ətxʷəd

PR

DIST

bear

‘So Black Bear’s words are remembered by Fish Hawk,’ 44 dᶻəla adbic dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t–s turn•side–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ ‘ “Visit me.” ’

əda 1SG.COORD

540

Black Bear and Fish Hawk

45 hay tu u ʷəxʷ hay

tu= u ʷ=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=go=now

‘So he went.’ 46 gʷəl dxʷtəyiləxʷ ə ti i stuləkʷ gʷəl

dxʷ–təyil=axʷ

SCONJ

CNTRPT–go.upriver=now

ə

ti i

stuləkʷ

PR

DIST

river

‘And he travels upriver.’ 47

a ti i s ətxʷəd əstədᶻil a be.there

ti i

s ətxʷəd

DIST

bear

as–tədᶻil STAT–lie.in.bed

‘There is Black Bear lying in bed.’ 48 gʷəl

isəb ə ti i

gʷəl

ay’əds c’i c’i

il–s–b

SCONJ

arrive–ALTV–PASS

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

ay’əd–s

c’i c’i

companion–3PO

fish.hawk

‘And he is arrived at by his friend, Fish Hawk.’ 49 gʷaˑdadgʷadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ

əlgʷə

DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now

PL

‘They chat a bit.’ 50 hay gʷəl əxʷcutəbəxʷ ti ə s ətxʷəd hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

as–dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–say–DSD=now

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PROX

bear

‘And then Black Bear thinks,’ 51 ƛ’al’ əd gʷəbə ulə yid ti ə c’i c’i ƛ’al’ also

əd 1SG.SUB

ə kʷi s uladxʷ

gʷə=bə= ulə –yi–t

ti ə

c’i c’i

SBJ=ADD=obtain–DAT–ICS

PROX

fish.hawk

s uladxʷ salmon ‘ “I too can get salmon for Fish Hawk.” ’ 52 k’ʷit’əxʷ dxʷ a kʷ al ti ə stuləkʷ k’ʷit’=axʷ

dxʷ– a kʷ

shoreward=now

CNTRPT–seaward

‘He goes down to the river.’

al ti ə at

PROX

stuləkʷ river

ə PR

kʷi REM

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

541

53 šu əxʷ ti ə s ətxʷəd al ti ə stuləkʷ šu =axʷ

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

see=now

PROX

bear

al at

ti ə

stuləkʷ

PROX

river

‘Black Bear looks towards the river.’ 54 ti i ti s uladxʷ ti i

ti

s uladxʷ

DIST

SPEC

salmon

‘There is a salmon.’ 55 saxʷəbid al ti ə sq’a ʷ saxʷəb–bi–t jump–MAP–ICS

al at

ti ə

sq’axʷ

PROX

ice

‘He jumps after it onto the ice.’ 56

ʷul’ uq’ca ti i s ətxʷəd ʷul’ only

u–q’c•a PFV–strike.back.of.head•head

ti i

s ətxʷəd

DIST

bear

‘Black Bear strikes the back of his head.’ 57 gʷəl ugʷət’q’ʷad gʷəl SCONJ

u–gʷət’q’ʷad PFV–pass.out

‘And he passes out.’ 58 hay u ʷ hay SCONJ

u ʷ go

‘So (Fish Hawk) goes.’ 59

əba təbəxʷ ə ti ə sya ya s c’i c’i əba –t–b=axʷ backpack–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

sya ya –s

c’i c’i

PROX

friend–3PO

fish.hawk

‘(Black Bear) is carried by his friend, Fish Hawk.’ 60 gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ dxʷ al ti i gʷəl SCONJ

al als

u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now

‘And he is taken to his house.’

dxʷ– al

ti i

CNTRPT–at

DIST

al al–s house–3PO

542

Black Bear and Fish Hawk

61 hay gʷəl qə ti i s ətxʷəd hay

gʷəl

qə

ti i

s ətxʷəd

SCONJ

SCONJ

awake

DIST

bear

‘And so Black Bear wakes up.’ 62

ahəxʷ ti i s uladxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now

ti i

s uladxʷ

DIST

salmon

‘There is the salmon.’ 63 tu u ʷcəbəxʷ ə ti i c’i c’i tu= u ʷ–c–b=axʷ PAST=go–ALTV–PASS=now

ə

ti i

c’i c’i

PR

DIST

fish.hawk

‘Fish Hawk went after it.’ 64

u ʷtubəxʷ u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now ‘He takes it to (Black Bear).’

65 s uladxʷ ti i gʷə ti i s ətxʷəd s uladxʷ

ti i

gʷə

ti i

s ətxʷəd

salmon

DIST

ASSC

DIST

bear

‘It is that salmon of Black Bear’s.’ 66 kʷukʷcutyitəbəxʷ ə ti ə c’i c’i ti i sya ya s s ətxʷəd kʷukʷcut–yi–t–b=axʷ

ə

cook–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

PR

ti ə

c’i c’i

ti i

sya ya –s

PROX

fish.hawk

DIST

friend–3PO

s ətxʷəd bear ‘Fish Hawk cooks for his friend, Black Bear.’ 67 hay q axʷ ti i s ətxʷəd hay

q =axʷ

ti i

s ətxʷəd

SCONJ

wake.up=now

DIST

bear

‘So Black Bear wakes up.’ 68 huy dxʷcutəbəxʷ huy

dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ

SCONJ

CTD–say–DSD=now

‘Then he thinks.’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

543

69 la dxʷəxʷ ti i tushuy ə ti i c’i c’i la –dxʷ=axʷ

ti i

tu=s=huyu

remember–DC=now

DIST

PAST=NM=made

ə

ti i

c’i c’i

PR

DIST

fish.hawk

‘He remembers what Fish Hawk had done.’ 70

aba ib ti ə s ətxʷəd ə ti ə ab•a i –b extend•hand–MD

i a

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PROX

bear

ə PR

‘Bear extends his hands over a little bowl.’ 71 həda ibəxʷ həd•a i –b=axʷ warm•hand–MD=now ‘He warms his hands.’ 72 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

drip

drip

drip

drip

‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’ 73

iˑ i CONJ

‘And so on ...’ 74 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəs ʷəs xʷi =axʷ

kʷi

gʷə=s ʷəs

NEG=now

REM

SBJ=fat

‘There is no fat.’ 75 gʷəl bəcut gʷəl

bə=cut

SCONJ

ADD=say

‘Again he says,’ 76 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

drip

drip

drip

drip

‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’

ti ə PROX

i a bowl

544

Black Bear and Fish Hawk

77 bəhəda ib bə=həd•a i –b ADD=warm•hand–MD

‘He warms his hands.’ 78 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG

‘Nothing.’ 79 putəxʷ ləq’ʷup’q’ʷup’a i

ə ti ə s ətxʷəd

put=axʷ

lə=q’ʷup’–q’ʷup’•a i

really=now

PROG=DSTR–shrivel•hand

ə PR

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

PROX

bear

‘Black Bear’s hands really shrivel up.’ 80 hay gʷəl ləbə hay

gʷəl

lə=bə

SCONJ

SCONJ

PROG=fall

‘So he falls over.’ 81 gʷəl gʷət’q’ʷad gʷəl

gʷət’q’ʷad

SCONJ

PASS.out

‘He passes out.’ 82 hay gʷəl bətə təbaxʷ ti ə s ətxʷəd ə ti ə c’i c’i hay

gʷəl

bə=tə –t–b=axʷ

ti ə

s ətxʷəd

SCONJ

SCONJ

ADD=roll–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

bear

c’i c’i fish.hawk ‘And so Fish Hawk rolls Black Bear over again.’ 83 bətədᶻiltubəxʷ bə=tədᶻil–txʷ–b=axʷ ADD=lie.in.bed–ECS–PASS=now

‘He puts him back to bed.’ 84 hay kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə

i a

hay

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

taken–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

‘So, he takes the little bowl.’

i a bowl

ə PR

ti ə PROX

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

545

85 gʷəl cutəxʷ ti ə c’i c’i gʷəl

cut=axʷ

ti ə

c’i c’i

SCONJ

say=now

PROX

fish.hawk

‘And Fish Hawk says,’ 86 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

c’i əb

drip

drip

drip

drip

drip

‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’ 87 hay gʷəl ləqahil ti i s ʷəs hay

gʷəl

lə=qa–il

ti i

s ʷəs

SCONJ

SCONJ

PROG=many–INCH

DIST

fat

‘And so there is a lot of fat.’ 88

ʷul’əxʷ əšuuc ti i ʷul’=axʷ only=now

ay’əds s ətxʷəd

as–šuu–c

ti i

STAT–see–ALTV

DIST

ay’əd–s

s ətxʷəd

companion–3PO

bear

‘He just looks at his buddy, Black Bear.’ 89 puˑtəxʷ əsq’ʷup’q’ʷup’a i put=axʷ

as–q’ʷup’–q’ʷup’•a i

really=now

STAT–DSTR–shrivel•hand

‘(His) hands are all shrivelled up.’ 90 hay gʷəl əgʷ hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

əgʷ leave

‘And so he leaves him.’ 91 hay c’əldub ti i s ətxʷəd ə ti ə c’i c’i hay

c’əl–dxʷ–b

ti i

s ətxʷəd

SCONJ

win–DC–PASS

DIST

bear

ə PR

ti ə

c’i c’i

PROX

fish.hawk

‘So, Black Bear is defeated by Fish Hawk.’ 92 hay gʷəl ha licutəxʷ ti i s ətxʷəd c’i c’i

ə ti i s əgʷlyitəbs s ušəbitəbs

ə ti i

ə ti i s uladxʷ ə ti i s ʷəs

hay

gʷəl

ha l–i–t–sut=axʷ

ti i

s ətxʷəd

SCONJ

SCONJ

good–SS–ICS–REFL=now

DIST

bear

s= əgʷl–yi–t–b=s

s ušəbitəbs

ə

NM=leave–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

humble.fellow PR

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

ti i

c’i c’i

DIST

fish.hawk

ə PR

546

Black Bear and Fish Hawk

ti i

s uladxʷ

DIST

salmon

ə

ti i

s ʷəs

PR

DIST

fat

‘And so Black Bear is situated comfortably with the salmon and fat which Fish Hawk left for him out of pity.’ 93 gʷəl tula yitəbəxʷ ə ti i sq’ʷiq’ʷəla əd sali sq’ʷiq’ʷəla əd gʷəl

tu=la –yi–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

PAST=localize–DAT–ICS–PASS=now

ə

ti i

sq’ʷi–q’ʷəla əd sali

PR

DIST

ATTN–berry

sq’ʷi–q’ʷəla əd ATTN–berry

‘And the little berries, the two little berries that had been found for him.’ 94 huˑy gʷəl tu əcbidəxʷ huy

gʷəl

tu= əc–bi–t=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

PAST=afraid–MAP–ICS=now

‘And then he was frightened by them.’ 95 gʷəl tu ibibəš gʷəl

tu= ib–ibəš

SCONJ

PAST=DIM.EFF–travel

‘So he walked off.’ 96 huyəxʷ ti i syəcəb huyu=axʷ

ti i

syəcəb

made=now

DIST

story

‘The story is done.’ 97 di shuys di

s=huyu=s

FOC

NM=made=3PO

‘That is the end.’

two

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

547

Coyote and the Big Rock as told by Edward Sam1 1

ti ə sbiaw ti ə

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote.’ 2

u u ʷ ti ə sbiaw u– u ʷ ti ə PFV–go

sbiaw

PROX

coyote

‘Coyote goes.’ 3

gʷəl əy’dxʷ ti i gʷəl

iišəds

əy’–dxʷ ti i

SCONJ

find–DC

iišəd–s

DIST

relatives–3PO

‘And he finds his friends.’ 4

ušudxʷ ti i səsq’ʷu u–šu –dxʷ PFV–see–DC

ə ti i

iišəds al ti ə hikʷ ’ƛ’a

ti i

s= as–q’ʷu

DIST

NM=STAT–gathered

hikʷ

’ƛ’a

big

stone

ə

ti i

iišəd–s

al ti ə

PR

DIST

ə

ti ə

hikʷ

’ƛ’a

PROX

big

stone

relatives–3PO

at

PROX

‘He sees his friends gathered by a big rock.’ 5

puˑt əsp’il ti ə šqabac ə ti ə hikʷ ’ƛ’a put really

as–p’il STAT–flat

ti ə

šq•abac

PROX

high•body

PR

‘The top of this big rock is really flat.’ 6

hay gʷəl wiliq’ʷidəxʷ ti i

iišəds

hay

gʷəl

wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ

ti i

SCONJ

SCONJ

ask–ICS=now

DIST

iišəd–s relatives–3PO

‘And so he questions his friends,’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Edward Sam; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995).

548

7

Coyote and the Big Rock

stab ti i suhuyləp stab

ti i

s= u–huyu=lap

what

DIST

NM=PFV–made=2PL.PO

‘ “What are you guys doing?” ’ 8

uˑ tu ʷ ə

əsq’ʷu

u

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

ə

as–q’ʷu

1PL.SUB

STAT–gathered

‘ “Oh, we have just gathered here.’ 9

ləcu abyid ə ti ə

’ƛ’a

ə ti ə stabigʷs ə

ləcu– ab–yi–t

ə

CONT–extend–DAT–ICS

ti ə

1PL.SUB

PROX

’ƛ’a

ə

stone

PR

ti ə

stabigʷs

PROX

valuables

ə 1PL.PO ‘ “We are giving Rock our possessions,’ 10 gʷəl ti ə

us ibəš ə

gʷəl

ti ə

SCONJ

PROX

u=s= ibəš

ə

IRR=NM=travel

1PL.PO

‘ “It is that we are going on a journey.’ 11 hay gʷəl uhuyutəbəxʷ ’it ti i dəxʷ ibəš ə hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

u=huyu–t–b=axʷ IRR=made–ICS–PASS=now

’it

ti i

dəxʷ= ibəš

near

DIST

NM=travel

‘ “And Rock will make our destination close by.’ 12 di dəxʷut’asad ə ti ə di

dəxʷ= u–t’asad

FOC

ADNM=PFV–pay

’ƛ’a ə

ti ə

1PL.PO

’ƛ’a

PROX

stone

‘ “That is why we are paying Rock.” ’ 13 hay gʷəl cutəxʷ ti ə sbiaw hay

gʷəl

cut=axʷ

ti ə

sbiaw

SCONJ

SCONJ

say=now

PROX

coyote

‘And so Coyote says,’ 14 hay əda uqʷibid hay SCONJ

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “So, I’ll fix him.’

u=qʷibi–t IRR=prepared–ICS

ə 1PL.PO

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

549

15 p’aƛ’aƛ’ ti ə stabigʷs ds abyid p’aƛ’aƛ’

ti ə

stabigʷs

d=s= ab–yi–t

worthless

PROX

valuables

1SG.PO=NM=extend–DAT–ICS

‘ “The possessions that I’ll give him are just worthless stuff.” ’ 16 huy kʷataǰəxʷ ti i sbiaw ə ti i

’ƛ’a

huy

kʷataǰ=axʷ

ti i

sbiaw

ə

ti i

’ƛ’a

SCONJ

climb=now

DIST

coyote

PR

DIST

stone

‘Then Coyote climbs onto that rock.’ 17 huy abyidəxʷ ə ti i huy SCONJ

ʷuˑl’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ ə

ti i

PR

DIST

ab–yi–t=axʷ extend–DAT–ICS=now

ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ only

worthless

‘Then he gives him just what is worthless,’ 18 stab gʷəxʷi

s ha s

stab

gʷə=xʷi

s=ha =s

what

SBJ=NEG

NOM=good=3PO

‘Whatever is not any good.’ 19 hay gʷəl xʷt’agʷiləxʷ ti i sbiaw hay

gʷəl

xʷt’a–agʷil=axʷ

ti i

sbiaw

SCONJ

SCONJ

descend–AUTO=now

DIST

coyote

‘And so Coyote climbs down.’ 20

ayəb ti i sbiaw ayəb laugh

ti i

sbiaw

DIST

coyote

‘Coyote laughs,’ 21 stab əw’ə ti ə

’ƛ’a cəxʷyaw’ ut’asbil

stab

əw’ə

ti ə

what

PTCL

PROX

’ƛ’a stone

d=dəxʷ=yaw’ 1SG.PO=ADNM=only.if

‘ “What indeed is this rock that I should pay?” ’ 22 hay gʷəl ibəšəxʷ ti i sbiaw hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ

ti i

sbiaw

travel=now

DIST

coyote

‘And so Coyote travels now.’

u–t’as–b–il PFV–pay–MD–INCH

550

Coyote and the Big Rock

23 gʷəl ti i s u ʷ ə ti i s ibəšs gʷəl

ti i

s= u ʷ

ə

ti i

s= ibəš=s

SCONJ

DIST

NM=go

PR

DIST

NM=travel=3PO

‘And while he goes along his travels,’ 24 gʷəl luudəxʷ ti i stab gʷəl

lu–t=axʷ

ti i

stab

SCONJ

hear–ICS=now

DIST

what

‘He hears something.’ 25 lətuk’ʷucut lə=tuk’ʷu–t–sut PROG=thump–ICS–REFL

‘It is making a thumping sound.’ 26 dᶻalqʷusəxʷ ti i sbiaw dᶻalq•us=axʷ ti i turn•head=now

sbiaw coyote

DIST

‘Coyote looks over his shoulder.’ 27 gʷəl šudxʷəxʷ ti i hikʷ ’ƛ’a gʷəl

šu –dxʷ=axʷ

ti i

hikʷ

’ƛ’a

SCONJ

see–DC=now

DIST

big

stone

‘And he sees Big Rock.’ 28 ləcu alad u alad ti i sbiaw ləcu= ala–t

u– alad

CONT=chased–ICS

PFV–chased–ICS

ti i

sbiaw

DIST

coyote

‘He is chasing him, he chases Coyote.’ 29 hiˑkʷ lətukʷucut ə ti i sətə s ə ti i s alads ti i sbiaw hikʷ

lə=tukʷu–t–sut

big

PROG=thump–ICS–REFL

ə

ti i

s=lə=tə =s

PR

DIST

NM=PROG=roll=3PO

ti i

s= ala–t=s

ti i

sbiaw

DIST

NM=chased–ICS=3PO

DIST

coyote

ə PR

‘He is thumping loudly as he is rolling, as he chases Coyote.’ 30

əs icil ti i as– icil STAT–angry

’ƛ’a

ə ti i su alads ti i sbiaw

ti i

’ƛ’a

ə

ti i

s= u– ala–t=s

ti i

DIST

stone

PR

DIST

NM=PFV–chased–ICS=3PO

DIST

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

551

sbiaw coyote ‘Rock is angry as he chases Coyote.’ 31 yə i huy xʷi kʷ(i) gʷəstab dəxʷa

s

yə i

huy

xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=stab

gʷə=dəxʷ=ha =s

because

SCONJ

NEG

REM

SBJ=what

SBJ=ADNM=good=3PO

‘Because it is stuff that is not good.’ 32

ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ ti i s abyids ti i ʷul’ only

’ƛ’a

p’aƛ’aƛ’

ti i

s= ab–yi–t=s

ti i

’ƛ’a

worthless

DIST

NM=extend–DAT–ICS=3PO

DIST

stone

‘What he gave to rock is just junk.’ 33 huy təlawiləxʷ ti ə sbiaw huy

təlawil=axʷ

ti ə

sbiaw

SCONJ

run=now

PROX

coyote

‘Then Coyote runs.’ 34 təlaˑwiləxʷ təlawil=axʷ run=now ‘He runs.’ 35 huy alatəb ə ti i huy SCONJ

’ƛ’a

ala–t–b chased–ICS–PASS

ə

ti i

’ƛ’a

PR

DIST

stone

‘Then he is chased by Rock.’ 36 hay wiliq’ʷidəxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s hay

wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ

ti i

suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s

SCONJ

ask–ICS=now

DIST

DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO

‘So, (Coyote) questions his younger brothers,’ 37 stabəxʷ kʷi udshuy dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa stab=axʷ

kʷi

what=now

REM

u=d=s=huyu IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made

‘ “What will I do, my younger brothers?’

d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa 1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling

552

38

Coyote and the Big Rock

əs c’udəxʷ əd as–c’ud=axʷ

əd

STAT–weak=now

1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m weak now.’ 39 xʷak’ʷiləxʷ əd xʷak’ʷil=axʷ

əd

tired=now

1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m tired now.” ’ 40 hay gʷəl cutəxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s hay

gʷəl

cut=axʷ

ti i

suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s

SCONJ

SCONJ

say=now

DIST

DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO

‘And so his younger brothers say,’ 41 gʷəl cutəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb gʷəl

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

say=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

sixʷ

ha kʷ

PTCL

long.time

əd

as–dxʷ–cut–ab

1SG.SUB

STAT–CTD–say–DSD

‘ “But you always say, ‘I had thought so all along.’ ’ 42

ʷul’ əxʷ ugʷə ’əb ə kʷi stab s əsli lu

ə ti i sbadil xʷa šulagʷil

ʷul’

kʷi

stab

səsli lu

REM

what

little.cave

only

əxʷ

u–gʷə ’a–b

2SG.SUB

PFV–search–CSMD

sbadil mountain

ə

xʷa

PR

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

šulu–agʷil

2SG.COORD

go.under–AUTO

‘ “You just look for something, a little cave in that mountain and you crawl in.’ 43 tu ʷ i əsmi man tu ʷ

i – as–mi man

just

PRTV–STAT–small

‘ “Just a small (one).’ 44 xʷi

kʷi gʷədəxʷšulagʷildubut ə ti i

’ƛ’a

xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=dəxʷ=šulu–agʷil–dxʷ–but

NEG

REM

SBJ=ADNM=go.under–AUTO–DC–REFL

‘ “Rock cannot get in.” ’ 45 ti i sbiaw gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti i

sbiaw

gʷəl

DIST

coyote

SCONJ

‘That Coyote, he goes.’

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ə

ti i

’ƛ’a

PR

DIST

stone

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

553

46 dəgʷagʷiləxʷ ə ti i s əsli lu dəkʷa–agʷil=axʷ inside–AUTO=now

ə

ti i

səsli lu

PR

DIST

little.cave

‘He gets inside a small cave.’ 47 hay gʷəl alatəb ə ti i hay

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

’ƛ’a ə

ti i

’ƛ’a

PR

DIST

stone

ala–t–b chased–ICS–PASS

‘And so he is chased by Rock.’ 48 xʷi

kʷi gʷəshəd iw’dubuts

xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=s=həd iw’–dxʷ–but–s

NEG

REM

SBJ=NM=indoors–DC–REFL–3PO

‘(Rock) cannot get inside.’ 49 huy dᶻəlqcutəxʷ ti i ’ƛ’a dxʷ al ti i s əslu huy dᶻəlq–t–sut=axʷ ti i ’ƛ’a dxʷ– al SCONJ

turn–ICS–REFL=now

DIST

stone

CNTRPT–at

ti i

səslu

DIST

cave

‘Then Rock turns himself around towards the cave.’ 50 gʷəl cuucəxʷ ti i sbiaw gʷəl

cut–c=axʷ

ti i

sbiaw

SCONJ

say–ALTV=now

DIST

coyote

‘And he says to Coyote,’ 51

u aˑ əxʷ ti i

ʷul’ adsyubil.

u= a

əxʷ

IRR=be.there

2SG.SUB

ti i DIST

ʷul’ only

u=ad=s=yubil IRR=2SG.PO=NM=starve

‘ “You will be there until you just starve.” ’ 52 gʷəl haˑgʷəxʷ ti i s aˑ ə ti i sbiaw gʷəl

ha kʷ=axʷ

ti i

s= a

SCONJ

long.time=now

DIST

NM=be.there

ə

ti i

sbiaw

PR

DIST

coyote

‘And Coyote is there a very long time.’ 53 puˑtəxʷ tasƛ’uƛ’uil ti i sbiaw put=axʷ

tu= as–ƛ’u–ƛ’u–il

ti i

sbiaw

really=now

PAST=STAT–ATTN–thin–INCH

DIST

coyote

‘Coyote grew really thin.’

554

Coyote and the Big Rock

54 putəxʷ tasƛ’uil put=axʷ

tu= as–ƛ’u–il

really=now

PAST=STAT–thin–INCH

‘He got really thin.’ 55 gʷəl la dxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s gʷəl

la –dxʷ

ti i

suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s

SCONJ

remember–DC

DIST

DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO

‘Then he remembers his younger brothers.’ 56 hay ƛ’iqagʷil ti dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa hay

ƛ’iqi–agʷil

ti

d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa

SCONJ

emerge–AUTO

SPEC

1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling

‘So, “Come out, my younger brothers.’ 57

əsc’uˑdəxʷ əd as–c’ud=axʷ

əd

STAT–weak=now

1SG.SUB

‘ “I’m so weak now.’ 58 stabəxʷ kʷi udshuy stab=axʷ

kʷi

what=now

REM

u=d=s=huyu IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made

‘ “What shall I do?’ 59 stabəxʷ kʷi u d shuy ti dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa . stab=axʷ

kʷi

what=now

REM

u=d=s=huyu

ti

IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made

SPEC

d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa 1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling ‘ “What shall I do, my younger brothers?” ’ 60 hay gʷəl ƛ’iqagʷiləxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s hay

gʷəl

ƛ’iqi–agʷil=axʷ

ti i

suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s

SCONJ

SCONJ

emerge–AUTO=now

DIST

DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO

‘And so his younger brothers come out.’ 61 gʷəl cutəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb gʷəl

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

say=now

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

sixʷ

ha kʷ

PTCL

long.time

əd 1SG.SUB

‘ “But you always say, ‘I had thought so all along.’ ’

as–dxʷ–cut–ab STAT–CTD–say–DSD

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

62

555

ʷul’ əxʷ uq’əwab xʷa uxʷəbəbxʷəbaladi b ʷul’ only

əxʷ

u–q’əwab

2SG.SUB

xʷa

PFV–howl

2SG.COORD

u–xʷəb–b–xʷəb•al•adi –b PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–thrown•CNN•ear–MD

‘ “You just howl and toss your head from side to side.’ 63 hay gʷəl gʷə dxʷ cutəbəxʷ ti i

’ƛ’a

hay

gʷəl

gʷə=dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ

ti i

’ƛ’a

SCONJ

SCONJ

SBJ=CTD–say–DSD=now

DIST

stone

‘ “And so Rock will think,’ 64

uˑ hikʷ əw’ə qa ti i

iišəd ə ti i sbiaw

u INTJ

hikʷ

əw’ə

qa

ti i

big

PTCL

many

DIST

iišəd relatives

ə

ti i

sbiaw

PR

DIST

coyote

‘ “ ‘Oh, Coyote really has a lot of friends.’ ” ’ 65

u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ sbiaw u– ə i– əd=axʷ

əxʷ

PFV–RDP–what.happen=now

2SG.SUB

sbiaw coyote

‘ “What are you doing, Coyote?” ’ 66

uˑ tu ʷ əd ləq’ʷu əd tə d iišəd u

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

əd 1SG.SUB

lə=q’ʷu –t

tə

d– iišəd

PROG=gathered–ICS

NSPEC

1SG.PO–relatives

‘ “Oh, I’m just gathering my friends.” ’ 67 huy ədᶻaxʷ ti i ’ƛ’a huy ədᶻ=axʷ ti i SCONJ

scared=now

DIST

‘Then Rock is afraid.’ 68 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ go=now

‘Then he goes.’ 69

əgʷ axʷ ti i sbiaw əgʷ =axʷ

ti i

sbiaw

leave=now

DIST

coyote

‘He leaves Coyote.’

’ƛ’a stone

556

Coyote and the Big Rock

70 cut ti i sbiaw cut

ti i

sbiaw

say

DIST

coyote

‘Coyote speaks.’ 71

ayəb ayəb laugh ‘He laughs,’

72 dəgʷagʷil i dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa dəkʷa–agʷil inside–AUTO

i

d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa

2PL.IMP

1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling

‘ “Get inside, my younger brothers.’ 73 ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb ha kʷ

əd

long.time

as–dxʷ–cut–ab

1SG.SUB

STAT–CTD–say–DSD

‘ “I have known it (i.e., what to do) for a long time.” ’ 74 huy tuc’əlalikʷ ti i sbiaw huy

tu=c’əl–alikʷ

ti i

sbiaw

SCONJ

PAST=win–ACT

DIST

coyote

‘Then Coyote won.’ 75 c’əldaxʷ ti i hikʷ ’ƛ’a c’əl–t=axʷ

ti i

hikʷ

’ƛ’a

win–ICS=now

DIST

big

stone

‘He defeats that Big Rock.’ 76 di sc’əldxʷs di

s=c’əl–dxʷ=s

FOC

NM=defeat–DC=3PO

‘He is the one who managed to defeat (Rock).’ 77 dəgʷagʷil i dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa dəkʷa–agʷil inside–AUTO

i 2PL.IMP

d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa 1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling

‘ “Get inside, my younger brothers!’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

557

78 ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb ha kʷ long.time

əd 1SG.SUB

as–dxʷ–cut–ab STAT–CTD–say–DSD

‘ “I have known it (i.e., what to do) for a long time.” ’ 79 di əxʷ di =axʷ FOC=now

‘That’s it.’ 80 huyəxʷ ti ə dsyəcəb si ab dsya ya huyu=axʷ

ti ə

d=s=yəc–b

si ab

d–sya ya

made=now

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=report–MD

noble

1SG.PO–friend

‘My story is finished now, my respected friend.’

558

Mink and Tutyika

Mink and Tutyika as told by Edward Sam1 1

a dəgʷi si ab dsya ya a be.there

dəgʷi

si ab

d–sya ya

you

noble

1SG.PO–friend

‘Here it is (for) you, my respected friend.’ 2

tu ʷəxʷ əd uyəhubtubicid ti tusyəhub ə tuˑdi tusluƛ’luƛ’ ə tu ʷ=axʷ

əd

just=now

u=yəhub–txʷ–bicid

1SG.SUB

IRR=recite–ECS–2SG.OBJ

tudi

tu=s=luƛ’–luƛ’

DIST.DMA

PAST=NM=DSTR–old

ti

tu=s=yəhub

SPEC

PAST=NM=recite

ə PR

ə 1PL.PO

‘I am simply going to recite to you a traditional story from our distant Elders.’ 3

tuyəcəbtub əd ə ti i tudyəl’yəlab tu=yəc–b–txʷ–b

əd

PAST=report–MD–ECS–PASS

1SG.SUB

ə

ti i

tu=d–yəl’–yəlab

PR

DIST

PAST=1SG.PO–DSTR–elder

‘I was told by my forebears.’ 4

hay əd uyəcəbtubicidəxʷ dəgʷi si ab dsya ya hay

əd

SCONJ

1SG.SUB

u=yəc–b–txʷ–bicid=axʷ IRR=report–MD–ECS–2SG.OBJ=now

dəgʷi

si ab

you

noble

d–sya ya 1SG.PO–friend ‘And so, I am going to tell it to you, my respected friend.’ 5

ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika ti i udsyəhubtubicid ti i

bi–bəš əb

DIST

ATTN–mink

i CONJ

ti i

su –suq’ʷa –s

tətyika

ti i

DIST

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

Tutyika

DIST

u=d=s=yəhub–txʷ–bicid IRR=1SG.PO=NM=recite–ECS–2SG.OBJ

‘What I will tell you about is Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Edward Sam; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995). The first line is not heard in the recording but is included in the original transcription.

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

6

559

hay u i da hə b ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika hay

u– i – id•ah–b

SCONJ

PFV–ATTN–tied•bottom–MD

ti i

bi–bəš əb

DIST

ATTN–mink

su –suq’ʷa –s

tətyika

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

Tutyika

i CONJ

ti i DIST

‘And so, Little Mink and his little younger brother, Tutyika, are trolling.’ 7

ləcu i da hə b əlgʷə ləcu– i – id•ah–b

əlgʷə

CONT–ATTN–tied•bottom–MD

PL

‘They are trolling.’ 8

huy šudxʷəxʷ ti i

xʷəlu

huy

šu –dxʷ=axʷ

ti i

xʷəlu

SCONJ

see–DC=now

DIST

whale

‘Then they see Whale.’ 9

huy bapadəxʷ əlgʷə huy

bapa–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

be.busy–ICS=now

PL

‘Then they pester him.’ 10 bapadəxʷ əlgʷə ti i

xʷəlu

bapa–t=axʷ

əlgʷə

ti i

be.busy–ICS=now

PL

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘They pester Whale.’ 11 huy xʷak’ʷisəbəxʷ ə ti i

xʷəlu

huy

xʷak’ʷil–s–b=axʷ

SCONJ

tired–ALTV–PASS=now

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘Then they are gotten tired of by Whale.’ 12

aˑ bəq’təbaxʷ ə ti i a INTJ

xʷəlu

bəq’–t–b=axʷ have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS=now

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘Well, they are swallowed by Whale.’ 13

ixʷ ə dat ti i s dəgʷabacil s əxʷ əlgʷə ti i ixʷ•ə •dat three•CLS•day

xʷəlu

ti i

s=dəkʷa•abac–il=s=axʷ

əlgʷə

ti i

DIST

NM=inside•body–INCH=3PO=now

PL

DIST

‘Three days they are inside Whale.’

xʷəlu whale

560

Mink and Tutyika

14 huy ibibəšəxʷ ti i bibš əb huy SCONJ

ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now

ti i

bi–bəš əb

DIST

ATTN–mink

‘Then Little Mink paces back and forth.’ 15

ibibəšəxʷ ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now

‘He paces back and forth.’ 16 huy k’əwdxʷaxʷ ti i sc’ali

ə ti i

xʷəlu

huy

k’aw–dxʷ=axʷ

ti i

sc’ali

ə

ti i

SCONJ

touch–DC=now

DIST

heart

PR

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘Then he bumps into Whale’s heart.’ 17

u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ bibš əb u– ə i– əd=axʷ

əxʷ

PFV–RDP–what.happen=now

2SG.SUB

bi–bəš əb ATTN–mink

‘ “What are you doing, Little Mink?” ’ 18

uˑ tu ʷ əd u ibibəš u

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

əd

u– ib–ibəš

1SG.SUB

PFV–DIM.EFF–travel

‘ “Oh, I’m just pacing back and forth.” ’ 19 bibš əb xʷi kʷi gʷ adsuk’əwdxʷ ti i ds c’ali bi–bəš əb

xʷi

kʷi

gʷə=ad=s= u–k’aw–dxʷ

ti i

d–sc’ali

ATTN–mink

NEG

REM

SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–touch–DC

DIST

1SG.PO–heart

‘ “Little Mink! Don’t bump into my heart!” ’ 20 huy cutəxʷ ti i bibš əb huy

cut=axʷ

ti i

bi–bəš əb

SCONJ

say=now

DIST

ATTN–mink

‘Then Little Mink says,’ 21

uˑ u INTJ

‘ “Okay.” ’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

561

22 hay gʷadadgʷadəxʷ ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika hay

gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ

ti i

bi–bəš əb

SCONJ

DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now

DIST

ATTN–mink

su –suq’ʷa –s

tətyika

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

Tutyika

i

ti i

CONJ

DIST

‘So Little Mink and his little younger brother Tutyika talk it over.’ 23 ƛ’ub ə

uhud up

ƛ’ub well

ə

a kʷukʷcut u–hud• up

1PL.SUB

a

PFV–burn•fire

kʷukʷcut

1PL.COORD

cook

‘ “We ought to make a fire and cook.” ’ 24 huy hud upəxʷ əlgʷə huy

hud• up=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

burn•fire=now

PL

‘Then they make a fire.’ 25

u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ bibš əb u– ə i– əd=axʷ

əxʷ

PFV–RDP–what.happen=now

bi–bəš əb

2SG.SUB

ATTN–mink

‘ “What are you doing, Little Mink?” ’ 26

uˑ tu ʷ əd uhud up u

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

u–hud• up

əd 1SG.SUB

PFV–burn•fire

‘ “Oh, I just lit a fire.” ’ 27 huy i ’itəbəxʷ ti i sc’ali huy SCONJ

ə ti i

i ’i–t–b=axʷ slice–ICS–PASS=now

xʷəlu

ti i

sc’ali

ə

ti i

DIST

heart

PR

DIST

xʷəlu whale

‘Then Whale’s heart is cut.’ 28

u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ bibš əb u– ə i– əd=axʷ

əxʷ

PFV–RDP–what.happen=now

2SG.SUB

bi–bəš əb ATTN–mink

‘ “What are you doing, Little Mink?” ’ 29 day’ uxʷ əsaydub ə ti i day’ uniquely

uxʷ still

xʷəlu

əs–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS

ə

ti i

PR

DIST

‘That was (that last thing that) is known by Whale.’

xʷəlu whale

562

Mink and Tutyika

30 huy tu u ʷəxʷ ti i

ʷəlu

huy

tu= u ʷ=axʷ

ti i

SCONJ

PAST=go=now

DIST

ʷəlu whale

‘Then Whale went.’ 31 tiˑləb dxʷt’aq’t ti i s alil ə ti i

xʷəlu

tiləb

dxʷ–t’aq’t

ti i

s= alil

immediately

CNTRPT–inland

DIST

NM=go.ashore

ə

ti i

xʷəlu

PR

DIST

whale

‘Right away, Whale heads for shore and (goes) way up the beach.’ 32

up’ ti i sk’ʷilil ə ti i bibš əb up’

ti i

s=k’ʷil–il

dawn

DIST

NM=peer–INCH

ə

ti i

bi–bəš əb

PR

DIST

ATTN–mink

‘It is dawn (when) Little Mink peers out.’ 33

uluud ti i luƛ’

al tudi t’aq’t

u–lu–t

ti i

luƛ’

DIST

old

PFV–hear–ICS

al at

tudi

t’aq’t

DIST.DMA

inland

‘He hears an old man up there on shore.’ 34 ləcup’ayəq ə ti i sdi dəxʷi ləcu–p’ayəq CONT–hew

ə

ti i

sdi –dəxʷi

PR

DIST

ATTN–hunting.canoe

‘He is making a small hunting canoe.’ 35 huy t’ilibəxʷ ti i bibš əb huy

t’ilib=axʷ

ti i

bi–bəš əb

SCONJ

sing=now

DIST

ATTN–mink

‘Then Little Mink sings.’ 36 t’ilibəxʷ t’ilib=axʷ sing=now ‘He sings.’ 37 stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd. stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd stab what

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

stab

u–kʷixʷid

stab

what

PFV–pound

what

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

stab

u–kʷixʷid

what

PFV–pound

‘♪ “What are you, what do you pound? What are you, what do you pound? ♪’

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

563

38 hagʷəxʷ əd tu acigʷədil ə tə luƛ’ xʷəluˑ ha kʷ=axʷ

əd

long.time=now

xʷəluˑ

xʷəluˑˑ( )

tu= ac•igʷəd–il

1SG.SUB

ə

PAST=centre•inside.body–INCH

xʷəlu

xʷəlu

xʷəlu

whale

whale

whale

PR

tə

luƛ’

NSPEC

old

‘♪ “For a long time I’ve been inside Old Whale, Whale, Whale. ♪’ 39 stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd. stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd stab

əxʷ

what

2SG.SUB

stab

u–kʷixʷid

stab

what

PFV–pound

what

əxʷ 2SG.SUB

stab

u–kʷixʷid

what

PFV–pound

‘♪ “What are you, what do you pound? What are you, what do you pound? ♪’ 40 hagʷəxʷ əd tu acigʷədil ə tə luƛ’ xʷəluˑ ha kʷ=axʷ

əd

long.time=now

xʷəluˑ

xʷəluˑˑ( )

tu= ac•igʷəd–il

1SG.SUB

ə

PAST=centre•inside.body–INCH

xʷəlu

xʷəlu

xʷəlu

whale

whale

whale

PR

tə

luƛ’

NSPEC

old

‘♪ “For a long time I’ve been inside Old Whale, Whale, Whale.” ♪’ 41 huy təlawiləxʷ ti i luƛ’ huy

təlawil=axʷ

ti i

luƛ’

SCONJ

run=now

DIST

old

‘Then the old man runs.’ 42 yəcəbaxʷ ə ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika yəc–b=axʷ report–MD=now

ə

ti i

bi–bəš əb

PR

DIST

ATTN–mink

i

ti i

CONJ

su –suq’ʷa –s

tətyika

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

Tutyika PR

ə

ə ti i s alils əlgʷe DIST

ti i

s= alil=s

DIST

NM=go.ashore=3PO

əlgʷə PL

‘He tells of Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika, of their coming ashore.’ 43 huy u ʷəxʷ tə aci talbixʷ huy SCONJ

u ʷ=axʷ tə go=now

NSPEC

‘Then the people go.’

aci talbixʷ people

564

Mink and Tutyika

44 bə atəbəxʷ ti i k’ʷat’aq dəxʷ ibəš ə ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s bə a–t–b=axʷ

ti i

k’ʷat’aq dəxʷ= ibəš

fall–ICS–PASS=now

DIST

mat

i CONJ

NM=travel

ti i

su –suq’ʷa –s

DIST

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

ə

ti i

bi–bəš əb

PR

DIST

ATTN–mink

‘A cattail mat is put down for Little Mink and his little younger cousin to walk on.’ 45 puˑtəxʷ əs uqʷa ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika put=axʷ

as– uqʷ•a

really=now

STAT–peeled•head

ti i

bi–bəš əb

DIST

ATTN–mink

su –suq’ʷa –s

tətyika

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

Tutyika

i

ti i

CONJ

DIST

‘Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika, are completely bald.’ 46 huy t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s huy

t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ

ti i

bi–bəš əb

SCONJ

go.home–ECS–PASS=now

DIST

ATTN–mink

i CONJ

ti i DIST

su –suq’ʷa –s ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

‘Then Little Mink and his little younger cousin are taken home.’ 47 huy q’ʷu təbəxʷ ti i huy SCONJ

aci talbixʷ tuˑl’ al bək’ʷ adəxʷ

q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ

ti i

gathered–ICS–PASS=now

DIST

aci talbixʷ people

ad=a where=now ‘Then the people are gathered from everywhere.’ 48 huy ə tub tə aci talbixʷ huy SCONJ

ə –txʷ–b be.fed–ECS–PASS

tə

aci talbixʷ

NSPEC

people

‘The people are fed.’ 49 huy gʷəl ǰu iləxʷ tə aci talbixʷ huy

gʷəl

ǰu il=axʷ

tə

SCONJ

SCONJ

enjoy =now

NSPEC

‘And the people have a good time.’

aci talbixʷ people

tul’– al

bək’ʷ

CNTRFG–at

all

ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam

565

50 ti i higʷiləxʷ si ab ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika ti i

hikʷ–il=axʷ

DIST

big–INCH=now noble

si ab

ti i

bi–bəš əb

DIST

ATTN–mink

su –suq’ʷa –s

tətyika

ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO

Tutyika

i CONJ

ti i DIST

‘(It is) that Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika, become noble.’ 51 huˑyəxʷ ti i dsyəhub tubi cid si ab dsya ya huyu=axʷ

ti i

d=s=yəhub–txʷ–bicid

si ab

d–sya ya

made=now

DIST

1SG.PO=NM=recite–ECS–2SG.OBJ

noble

1SG.PO–friend

‘That ends my recitation to you, my respected friend.’ 52 huyəxʷ əd huyu=axʷ made=now ‘I’m finished.’

əd 1SG.SUB

4 lalacut Agnes Jules James 1889-1971

Agnes James in the late 1960s. Photo: Stephanie Blackford Collection.

Agnes James was the daughter of Charles Jules, the last of the hereditary Snohomish leaders to be appointed by the United States government to hold an official position as the representative of his community.1 Agnes made sure that the younger generations of her family knew the family they came from. Agnes used to sit on a low bluff overlooking Tulalip Bay, with her cooking utensils by her side, knitting and waiting for the fishermen to come in. They would give her fish and shellfish, and she would fix dinner for all.

__________ 1

This introduction combines the memories of the late Stephanie Blackford Charlie, the late Marya Moses, Judy Gobin, Hank Gobin, and Lita Sheldon.

568

Chapter 4

As people talk about Agnes, they evoke a person deeply involved in many walks of tribal life. She was one of four women who used to stand beside the priest at Mass, translating his words into Lushootseed for the congregation. Agnes’ spiritual commitment extended beyond the Catholic Church, in which she raised her four children. Marya Moses spoke often of the material and spiritual help that Agnes gave to the generation of young people who revitalized the longhouse way of life after it had lain dormant for years. The late Stephanie Blackford, Agnes’ granddaughter, remembered her grandmother teaching her how to get a drink of water from a horsetail, how to make a cup from a skunk cabbage leaf, how to find the little plant underfoot that would heal a cut or cure a sore throat. From Agnes, Stephanie learned how to weave cedar. As she taught, Agnes told stories, some serving as lessons that applied to recent misbehaviour, and many more just so that Stephanie would have them to pass on. In the 1990s, when the Tribes established the Cultural Resources Department, Stephanie heard her grandmother’s voice telling her to “get in there and teach people how to make baskets before it gets forgotten.” So Stephanie “got in there” and taught a generation of new weavers how to make baskets, mats, hats, and dolls. Among her pupils was Lance Taylor, Lizzie Krise’s great-grandson, now a master weaver. As she taught, Stephanie would tell her grandmother’s stories, just as she had been told them when she was a learner. Agnes was famous for her dolls, which can be seen in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution and the Burke Museum. She began making them one Christmas when Stephanie asked for a baby doll, the kind you could buy at the store. Judy Gobin recalls that Agnes said, “You don’t want a doll like that. You want a doll like us.” She stayed up all night making a cedar doll for her granddaughter. As Stephanie grew older, Agnes would make just the head and shoulders of a doll and then have Stephanie finish it. Still later, Stephanie was entrusted with making the whole doll. Towards the end of her life, it was a sorrow to Agnes that only two friends remained with whom she could speak Lushootseed: Marya Moses and Ethel Sam. It seemed to her that much of what she had held dear was being forgotten. We are consoled on her behalf to see her skills living on, an important part of the life of our Tribe.

lalacut Agnes Jules James

Judy and Heather Gobin’s blue-ribbon winning “Agnes James-style” dolls, made of yellow cedar, with clothing of wool, sweetgrass, yellow cedar, and ermine. Photo courtesy of Judy Gobin.

569

570

Basket Ogress

Basket Ogress as told by Agnes James1 1

əs a lil tsi aci talbixʷ as– a lil

tsi

STAT–live

aci talbixʷ

SPEC:FEM

people

‘A woman lives there.’ 2

huˑy gʷəl aƛ’tubəxʷ ə tsi ə wiw’su kʷi gʷəs u ʷs gʷəs a s huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

aƛ’–txʷ–b=axʷ

ə

desired–ECS–PASS=now

SCONJ

PR

gʷə=s= u ʷ=s

gʷə=s= a =s

SBJ=NM=go=3PO

SBJ=NM=arrive=3PO

tsi ə

wiw’su

kʷi

PROX:FEM

children

REM

‘And then children want to go there.’ 3

huy da diyəy’ huy

da diyəy’

SCONJ

alone

‘Then they are alone.’ 4

cutəb ə ti ə yəl’yəlabs cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS

ə PR

ti ə

yəl’–yəlab–s

PROX

DSTR–elder–3PO

‘They are told by their parents,’ 5

xʷi gʷəs u ʷləp xʷi

gʷə=s= u ʷ=lap

NEG

SBJ=NM=go=2PL.PO

‘ “Don’t go!’ 6

gʷə isəb ələp ə tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ gʷə= il–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS

ələp 2PL.SUB

ə PR

tsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

SPEC:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘ “You might be come upon by the Basket Ogress.’

__________ 1

Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 25), 2 November 1952, with Agnes James at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 3 May 1981; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.

571

lalacut Agnes Jules James

7

a tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ a be.there

tsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

SPEC:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘ “The Basket Ogress is there.’ 8

a a tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ a a powers

tsi ə

sxʷi uq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘ “The Basket Ogress is powerful.’ 9

gʷə isəb ələp ələpa gʷədəgʷatəb al ti ə hiˑkʷ sp u ələp

gʷə= il–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS

ələpa

2PL.SUB

ti ə

hikʷ

sp u

PROX

big

basket

gʷə=dəkʷa–t–b

2PL.COORD

ə PR

ə tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ al

SBJ=inside–ICS–PASS

tsi ə

sxʷi uq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

at

‘ “You’ll be come upon and you’ll be put in a big basket by the Basket Ogress.” ’ 10 xʷi gʷə s əsƛ’əlabut ə ti ə wiw’su xʷi

gʷə=s= as–ƛ’əlabut

ə

NEG

SBJ=NM=STAT–understand

PR

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘The children won’t listen.’ 11

ʷul’ əlgʷə ʷul’ only

i q’iləb al ti ə q’il’bids əlgʷə

əlgʷə PL

i –q’ili–b

al

PRTV–aboard–CSMD

at

ti ə

q’il’bid–s

əlgʷə

PROX

canoe–3PO

PL

‘They just get in their canoe.’ 12 huy gʷəl ulu əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ulu

əlgʷə

travel.by.water

PL

‘And then they canoe.’ 13

aliləxʷ əlgʷə alil=axʷ go.ashore=now

al tudi di ucid ə ti ə stuləkʷ əlgʷə PL

al at

tudi

di •ucid

DIST.DMA

other.side•mouth

stuləkʷ river ‘They go ashore there on the other side of the river.’

ə PR

ti ə PROX

572

14

Basket Ogress

ahəxʷ sə a ils a=axʷ

s=lə= a –il=s

be.there=now

NM=PROG=dark–INCH=3PO

‘They are there when it is getting dark.’ 15 huy gʷəl q’ʷəltəbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd huy

gʷəl

q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

s ə əd

SCONJ

SCONJ

cooked–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

food

‘Then their food is cooked.’ 16 q’ʷəltəbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

s ə əd

cooked–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

food

‘Their food is cooked.’ 17 gʷəl a ti ə taskikəwi gʷəl

a

SCONJ

be.there

ti ə

tu= as–ki–kəwi

PROX

PAST=STAT–ATTN–hunchback

‘And there is one who was a little hunchbacked.’ 18 di tu a ti ə skikəwi di

tu= a

ti ə

s–ki–kəwi

FOC

PAST=be.there

PROX

NP–ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback was there.’ 19 huy gʷəl k’əyayə ti ə s ə əd ə ti ə wiw’su ti ə huy SCONJ

gʷəl

k’əyayə

ti ə

SCONJ

smoked.fish

PROX

s ə əd food

s= as– acbid=s=axʷ

əlgʷə

NM=STAT–provisions=3PO=now

PL

səs acbidsəxʷ əlgʷə ə

PR

ti ə

wiw’su

ti ə

PROX

children

PROX

‘And then the children’s food, their provisions, is smoked salmon.’ 20 q’ʷəltəbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd ə kʷi sə a il q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

s ə əd

cooked–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

food

ə PR

kʷi

s=lə= a –il

REM

NM=PROG=dark–INCH

‘Their food is cooked in the dark.’ 21 di ti ə səxʷəlušəd ti ə s abyitəbs ti ə kikəwi di

ti ə

səxʷəlušəd

ti ə

s= ab–yi–t–b=s

ti ə

FOC

PROX

fish.tail

PROX

NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

PROX

573

lalacut Agnes Jules James

ki-kəwi ATTN–hunchback

‘What is given to Little Hunchback is the fish tail.’ 22

adəkʷ sə a il ə əd əlgʷə adəkʷ s=lə= a –il

ə əd

NM=PROG=dark–INCH

each

əlgʷə

feed.on

PL

‘Every night they eat.’ 23 ƛ’al’ u xʷ sixʷ bəsxʷəlušəd ti ə s abyitəbs ti ə ƛ’al’

u xʷ

also

PTCL

ti ə

əskikəwi

sixʷ

bə=sxʷəlušəd

ti ə

s= ab–yi–t–b=s

PTCL

ADD=fish.tail

PROX

NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

as–ki–kəwi

PROX

STAT–ATTN–hunchback

‘Again the one who is a little hunchbacked is given another fish tail.’ 24 huy cutəxʷ huy

cut=axʷ

SCONJ

say=now

‘Then he says,’ 25

uˑ əbil’ ələp ck’ʷaqid ƛ’ulə abyic ə ti ə xʷəlušəd u INTJ

əbil’

ələp

perhaps

2PL.SUB

ti ə

xʷəlušəd

PROX

fish.tail

ck’ʷaqid

ƛ’u=lə= ab–yi–t=s

always

HAB=PROG=extend–DAT–ICS=3PO

‘ “Oh, if you always give me the fish tail,” ’ 26

aƛ’txʷ kʷi s əlus aƛ’–txʷ desired–ECS

kʷi

s əlus

REM

fish.tips

‘He wants fish tips.’ 27

ugʷiid əd kʷsi sxʷi uq’ʷ u=gʷihi–t IRR=invite–ICS

əd 1SG.SUB

kʷsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

REM:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘ “I’ll call the Basket Ogress.’

ə PR

574

28

Basket Ogress

uqʷi aac əd kʷsi sxʷi uq’ʷ u=qʷi aa–c

əd

IRR=call.out–ALTV

1SG.SUB

kʷsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

REM:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘ “I’ll call the Basket Ogress.” ’ 29

uˑ ƛ’aˑl’ bəxʷəlušəd ti ə bəs abyitəbs al bəsə a il bəsu ə əd ə ti ə wiw’su u INTJ

ƛ’al’

bə=xʷəlušəd

ti ə

bə=s= ab–yi–t–b=s

also

ADD=fish.tail

PROX

al

ADD=NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO

bə=s=lə= a –il

bə=s= u– ə əd

ADD=NM=PROG=dark–INCH

ADD=NM=PFV–feed.on

ə PR

at

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘Oh, again what the children give to him to eat on the next night is fish tail.’ 30 huˑy qʷi adəxʷ ti ə skikəwi huy

qʷi ad=axʷ

ti ə

s–ki–kəwi

SCONJ

call.out=now

PROX

NP–ATTN–hunchback

‘Then Little Hunchback calls out.’ 31 qʷi adəxʷ qʷi ad=axʷ call.out=now ‘He calls out,’ 32

aˑ kʷ sxʷi uˑq’ʷ aˑ kʷ sxʷi uq’ʷ a kʷ

sxʷi uq’ʷ

seaward

Basket.Ogress

a kʷ seaward

sxʷi uq’ʷ Basket.Ogress

‘ “Come down to shore, Basket Ogress, come down to shore, Basket Ogress!’ 33

ʷul’ xʷəlušəd ti ə dsu abyitəb ə ti ə ds i wiw’su ʷul’ only

xʷəlušəd

ti ə

d=s= u– ab–yi–t–b

fish.tail

PROX

1SG.PO=NM=PFV–extend–DAT–ICS–PASS

d=s= i –wiw’su 1SG.PO=NM=PRTV–children ‘ “What the other children give me is just fish tail.” ’ 34 tiˑləb uləq kʷsi sxʷi uq’ʷ tiləb immediately

u–ləq PFV–listen

kʷsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

REM:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘Right away, the Basket Ogress hears.’

ə PR

ti ə PROX

575

lalacut Agnes Jules James

35

uˑ a ti ə u INTJ

uqʷi aacəbš

a

ti ə

be.there

u–qʷi aad–c–bš

PROX

PFV–call.out–ALTV–1SG.OBJ

‘ “So, there is one who calls me.” ’ 36 She went like that.2 37

uˑ a ti ə u INTJ

uqʷi aacəbš

a

ti ə

be.there

u–qʷi aad–c–bš

PROX

PFV–call.out–ALTV–1SG.OBJ

‘ “So, there is one who calls me.” ’ 38 kʷədadəxʷ ti ə sp u s kʷəda–t=axʷ

ti ə

sp u –s

taken–ICS=now

PROX

basket–3PO

‘She takes her basket.’ 39 huy gʷəl əba ədaxʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now

‘And then she packs it on her back.’ 40 huy gʷə(l) ibəšəxʷ huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

‘And then she goes.’ 41 hiˑkʷ aci talbixʷ tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ hikʷ big

aci talbixʷ people

tsi ə

sxʷi uq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘The Basket Ogress is a big person.’ 42

u ʷəxʷ li al ti ə lək’aw’k’aw’ ə ti ə bək’ʷ stab u ʷ=axʷ li – al go=now

PRLV–at

ti ə

lə=k’aw’–k’aw’

PROX

PROG=DSTR–bump

ə PR

ti ə

bək’ʷ stab

PROX

all

‘She goes through there and she is bumping into everything.’

__________ 2

This is preceded by something inaudible on the recording.

what

576

Basket Ogress

43

iˑs ti ə wiw’su il–s arrive–ALTV

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘She comes upon the children.’ 44 di ti ə skikəwi ti ə li dᶻixʷ ti skʷədatəbs di

ti ə

s–ki–kəwi

ti ə

li –dᶻixʷ

ti

FOC

PROX

NP–ATTN–hunchback

PROX

PRLV–first

SPEC

s=kʷəda–t–b=s NM=taken–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘The first one to be taken is Little Hunchback.’ 45 gʷəl dəgʷatəb dxʷ al ti ə sp u gʷəl

dəkʷa–t–b

dxʷ– al

ti ə

sp u

SCONJ

inside–ICS–PASS

CNTRPT–at

PROX

basket

‘Then he is put inside her basket.’ 46 huy kʷa gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy

kʷa

gʷəl

dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

SCONJ

PTCL

SCONJ

inside–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

children

‘And then the children are put inside.’ 47 gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ gʷəl

dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

inside–ICS–PASS=now

‘And they are put inside.’ 48 gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ dxʷ aˑl sbək’ʷils gʷəl

dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ

dxʷ– al

s=bək’ʷ–il=s

SCONJ

inside–ICS–PASS=now

CNTRPT–at

NM=all–INCH=3PO

‘And they are put inside down to the last one.’ 49 huˑy ibəšəxʷ tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ huy SCONJ

ibəš=axʷ travel=now

tsi ə

sxʷi uq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘Then the Basket Ogress travels.’ 50

ubəstxʷəxʷ ti ə wiw’su ubə–stxʷ=axʷ go.inland–ECS=now

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘She takes the children inland.’

577

lalacut Agnes Jules James

51 tiˑləb kʷi s as kʷi ƛ’u ik’ʷ al ti ə sp u s tiləb

kʷi

s= a=s

kʷi

ƛ’u= ik’ʷ

immediately

REM

NM=be.there=3PO

REM

HAB=hooked

al ti ə at

PROX

sp u –s basket–3PO ‘There are abrupt tugs on her basket (as it gets snagged).’ 52

uˑ di ti ə skikəwi ti ə u INTJ

u ik’ʷ

di

ti ə

s–ki–kəwi

ti ə

u– ik’ʷ

FOC

PROX

NP–ATTN–hunchback

PROX

PFV–hooked

‘Oh, it is Little Hunchback who snags it.’ 53

ik’ʷi tə skikəwi ik’ʷ•i hooked•bundle

tə

s–ki–kəwi

NSPEC

NP–ATTN–hunchback

‘Little Hunchback snags the basket.’ 54 hay xʷədᶻk’ʷcutəxʷ hay xʷədᶻk’ʷ–t–sut=axʷ SCONJ

squirm–ICS–REFL=now

‘So he squirms out.’ 55 xʷədᶻk’ʷcut ti ə skikəwi dxʷ aˑl s alils ti ə xʷədᶻk’ʷ–t–sut ti ə s–ki–kəwi squirm–ICS–REFL ti ə

PROX

i šəq

NP–ATTN–hunchback

dxʷ– al

s= al–il=s

CNTRPT–at

NM=INCH=3PO

i –šq

PROX

PRTV–high

‘Little Hunchback lifts himself up and out so that he will be even higher.’ 56

aˑdəkʷ ƛ’us alils kʷi əstu qʷ ay adəkʷ each

ƛ’u=s= alil=s

kʷi

HAB=NM=get.to.place=3PO

REM

‘As they get to each leaning tree,’ 57 huy gʷəl ƛ’ukʷədabacəxʷ huy

gʷəl

ƛ’u=kʷəd•abac=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

HAB=taken•body=now

‘And then he always takes hold.’

as–tu STAT–lean

qʷ ay log

578

Basket Ogress

58 xʷi xʷi NEG

‘He can’t (hold on).’ 59

al kʷi s ixʷa ils huy kʷədabacdubutəxʷ ti ə al kʷi at

REM

əskikəwi

s= ixʷ•a –il=s

huy

kʷəd•abac–dxʷ–but=axʷ

NM=three•CLS–INCH=3PO

SCONJ

taken•body–DC–REFL=now

ti ə

as–ki–kəwi STAT–ATTN–hunchback

PROX

‘The third time, the one who is a little hunchbacked manages to hook himself on.’ 60 hay u ʷ tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ hay

u ʷ go

SCONJ

tsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

SPEC:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘So Basket Ogress goes.’ 61

iˑldxʷ dxʷ al al als ti ə wiw’su il–dxʷ

dxʷ– al

arrive–DC

al al–s

CNTRPT–at

house–3PO

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘She manages to get the children to her house.’ 62 hay gʷəl ƛ’alilcəxʷ ƛ’alilcəxʷ ə tə ’ƛ’a dxʷ aˑl s ʷuyilcəbsəxʷ ə ti ə hay

gʷəl

ƛ’al•ilc=axʷ

ƛ’al•ilc=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

put.on•round=now

put.on•round=now

’ƛ’a stone

ə PR

dxʷ– al

s= ʷuy•ilc–b=s=axʷ

CNTRPT–at

NM=steam.cook•round–MD=3PO=now

’ƛ’a

tə NSPEC

ə PR

ti ə PROX

’ƛ’a stone ‘So then she puts stones (on the fire) so they can be steam-cooked by the stones.’ 63 huy ƛ’iqidəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy

ƛ’iqi–t=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

SCONJ

emerge–ICS=now

PROX

children

‘Then she takes the children out.’ 64 gʷəl ƛ’iqidəxʷ ti ə wiw’su gʷəl

ƛ’iqi–t=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

SCONJ

emerge–ICS=now

PROX

children

‘And she takes the children out.’

579

lalacut Agnes Jules James

65

uˑ xʷi ti ə skikəwi u

xʷi

ti ə

s–ki–kəwi

INTJ

NEG

PROX

NP–ATTN–hunchback

‘ “Oh, Little Hunchback isn’t here.’ 66

aˑ u ə id ti ə skikəwi u– ə id

a INTJ

PFV–what.happen

ti ə

s–ki–kəwi

PROX

NP–ATTN–hunchback

‘ “Hey, what happened to Little Hunchback?’ 67 xʷu ələ haw’ə usaxʷəbdubut xʷu ələ

haw’ə

maybe

PTCL

u–saxʷəb–dxʷ–but PFV–jump–DC–REFL

‘ “I guess he must have managed to run away.” ’ 68 huy saxʷəbəxʷ tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ huy

saxʷəb=axʷ

tsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

SCONJ

jump=now

SPEC:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘Then Basket Ogress runs.’ 69 putəxʷ suhiqicut ə kikəwi put=axʷ

s= u–hiqi–t–sut

really=now

NM=PFV–pushed–ICS–REFL

ə

ki-kəwi

PR

ATTN–hunchback

‘At that moment Little Hunchback is shoving off.’ 70 kʷədadəxʷ ti ə

ʷubt əslu lu

kʷəda–t=axʷ

ti ə

taken–ICS=now

PROX

ʷubt

as–lu –lu

paddle

STAT–DSTR–holed

‘He takes the paddle that had a hole in it.’ 71 put əslu lu ti ə put really

ʷubt

as–lu –lu STAT–DSTR–holed

ti ə

ʷubt

PROX

paddle

‘The paddle really is full of holes.’ 72 ƛ’upusutəb ə tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ ƛ’u=pusu–t–b HAB=thrown.at–ICS–PASS

ə PR

tsi ə

sxʷi uq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘He is thrown at by Basket Ogress.’

580

73

Basket Ogress

ʷuˑl’ ƛ’ulə u ʷ li al ti ə səslu ti ə ƛ’u s pusutəbs ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=lə= u ʷ

li – al

ti ə

səslu

ti ə

HAB=PROG=go

PRLV–at

PROX

hole

PROX

ƛ’u=s=pusu–t–b=s HAB=NM=thrown.at–ICS–PASS=3PO

‘What is being thrown at him just goes through the hole (in his paddle).’ 74

iš kikəwi iš paddle

iš

ki-kəwi

iš

ATTN–hunchback

paddle

‘Little Hunchback paddles, he paddles.’ 75 ƛ’upusutəb ƛ’u=pusu–t–b HAB=thrown.at–ICS–PASS

‘He is thrown at.’ 76

ʷul’ ƛ’ulə əƛ’ li al ti ə səslu ti ə

’ƛ’a

ʷul’ only

ƛ’u=lə= əƛ’

li – al

ti ə

səslu

ti ə

HAB=PROG=come

PRLV–at

PROX

hole

PROX

’ƛ’a stone

‘The stones just come through the hole (in his paddle).’ 77

aˑ dxʷ ʷaˑl’igʷəd sxʷi uq’ʷ a INTJ

dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd

sxʷi uq’ʷ

CTD–fail•inside.body

Basket.Ogress

‘Oh, Basket Ogress gives up.’ 78 huy bəlkʷ huy

bəlkʷ

SCONJ

return

‘Then she goes back.’ 79 gʷəl huy ʷuyilcəbədəxʷ ti ə wiw’su gʷəl

huy

SCONJ

SCONJ

ʷuy•ilc–b–t=axʷ steam.cook•round–MD–ICS=now

‘And then she (is going to) steam-cook the children.’ 80 hudilcəxʷ hud•ilc=axʷ burn•round=now ‘The stones are warm now.’

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

581

lalacut Agnes Jules James

81

aˑ q’ʷu cut ti ə wiw’su a INTJ

q’ʷu –t–sut

ti ə

wiw’su

gathered–ICS–REFL

PROX

children

‘Oh, the children get together.’ 82 gʷəl q’ʷu cutəxʷ ti ə day’ i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su gʷəl

q’ʷu –t–sut=axʷ

ti ə

day’

i –luƛ’–luƛ’

SCONJ

gathered–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

uniquely

PRTV–DSTR–old

‘And just the older children get together.’ 83 huy tatababəxʷ huy

tatabab=axʷ

SCONJ

confer=now

‘Then they talk things over.’ 84

uˑ u ə id ələp u INTJ

u– ə id

ələp

PFV–what.happen

2PL.SUB

‘ “Oh, what is happening with you guys?” ’ 85 tu ʷ ə ləcuhii bid ti dəgʷi ə t(i) adsu ʷuyilcəb tu ʷ just

ə 1PL.SUB

ləcu–hii –bi–t

ti

dəgʷi

CONT–happy–MAP–ICS

SPEC

you

ə PR

ti SPEC

ad=s= u– ʷuy•ilc–b 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–steam.cook•round–MD ‘ “We are just happy for you as you are steam cooking.’ 86

aƛ’txʷ ə kʷi gʷadst’ilib gʷadsdᶻubalikʷ dᶻixʷbid ə kʷi adsq’ʷəltubu aƛ’–txʷ

ə

kʷi

desired–ECS

1PL.SUB REM gʷə=ad=s=dᶻub–alikʷ SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=kick–ACT

gʷə=ad=s=t’ilib SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=sing

dᶻixʷ–bid

ə

first–RLNL PR

kʷi REM

u=ad=s=q’ʷəl–t–ubu IRR=2SG.PO=NM=cooked–ICS–1PL.OBJ

‘ “We want you to sing and dance before you cook us.” ’ 87 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’

wiw’su children

582

Basket Ogress

88 dᶻubalikʷ əxʷ dᶻub–alikʷ əxʷ 2SG.SUB

kick–ACT ‘ “Dance!” ’ 89 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’

90 huy dᶻubalikʷəxʷ tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ huy dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ tsi SCONJ

kick–ACT=now

sxʷi uq’ʷ

SPEC:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘Then the Basket Ogress danced.’ 91

ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD wiw’su

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

ʷuy•ilc–b

children steam.cook•round–MD tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

ʷuy•ilc–b

tə

steam.cook•round–MD

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

NSPEC

ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD

‘♪ “Steam-cook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks, steamcook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks.” ♪’ 92

uˑ uˑ day’əxʷ ha u

u

INTJ

INTJ

ti i adsut’ilib

day’=axʷ

ha

ti i

ad=s= u–t’ilib

uniquely=now

good

DIST

2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing

‘ “Oh, oh, your song is very good.’ 93 puˑt əxʷ bət’ilib put

əxʷ

really

2SG.SUB

bə=t’ilib ADD=sing

‘ “Really, sing it again!” ’ 94

ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD

tə NSPEC

wiw’su children ‘♪ “Steam-cook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks.” ♪’

583

lalacut Agnes Jules James

95 huy ƛ’uq’ʷu cutəxʷ ti ə

i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su i qʷiq’ʷqʷiq’ʷ wiw’su

huy

ƛ’u=q’ʷu –t–sut=axʷ

ti ə

SCONJ

HAB=gathered–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

i –qʷiq’ʷ–qʷiq’ʷ

wiw’su

PRTV–DSTR–strong

children

i –luƛ’–luƛ’

wiw’su

PRTV–DSTR–old

children

‘Then the older children, the stronger children, got together.’ 96 ƛ’ub ə ukʷədad ƛ’ub

ə

well

a ədəd dxʷ al ti i səs ʷuyilcəbs s ʷuyilcəbs ’ƛ’a u=kʷəda–t

1PL.SUB

a

IRR=taken–ICS

əd–t

1PL.COORD

pushed–ICS

dxʷ– al

ti i

CNTRPT–at

DIST

s= as– ʷuy•ilc–b=s

s= ʷuy•ilc–b=s

NM=STAT–steam.cook•round–MD=3PO

NM=steam.cook•round–MD=3PO

’ƛ’a stone ‘ “We had better grab her and push her into the steam-cooking pit, the steamcooking stones.” ’ 97

uˑ ləcu idigʷat ələp wiw’su u

ləcu– idigʷat

ələp

CONT–say.what

INTJ

2PL.SUB

wiw’su children

‘ “Oh, what are you saying, children?” ’ 98

uˑ tu ʷ ə ləcuhii bid ti dəgʷi u

tu ʷ

INTJ

just

ə 1PL.SUB

ləcu–hii –bi–t

ti

dəgʷi

CONT–happy–MAP–ICS

SPEC

you

‘ “Oh, we are just very happy for you.’ 99

ista

ə kʷi us əƛ’s u s alils ti ə

ista

ə

be.like

PR

kʷi ə

1PL.PO

a 1PL.COORD

a u ədəd

u=s= al–il=s

IRR=NM=come=3PO

REM

’it–bid near–RLNL

’itbid ə

u=s= əƛ’=s

IRR=NM=at–INCH=3PO

ti ə PROX

u= əd–t IRR=push–ICS

‘ “It’s that when she comes she will be nearer to us and we will push her.’ 100

uˑ lə əƛ’axʷ tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ u INTJ

lə= əƛ’=axʷ

tsi ə

sxʷi uq’ʷ

PROG=come=now

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘ “Oh, the Basket Ogress is coming now.” ’

584

101

Basket Ogress

ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD

tə

wiw’su

NSPEC

children

ʷuy•ilc–b

tə

steam.cook•round–MD

NSPEC

wiw’su children ‘♪ “Steam-cook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks.” ♪’ 102

uˑ tu ədtəbaxʷəs

ə ti ə

i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su tiˑləb dxʷ al ti ə

əs ʷuyilcəb

’əƛ’ ’ƛ’a u INTJ

tu= əd–t–b=axʷ=as

ə

PAST=pushed–ICS–PASS=now=3SBJ

PR

ti ə

i –luƛ’–luƛ’

PROX

wiw’su

tiləb

dxʷ– al

ti ə

children

immediately

CNTRPT–at

PROX

PRTV–DSTR–old

as– ʷuy•ilc–b STAT–steam.cook•round–MD

’əƛ’– ’ƛ’a DSTR–stone

‘Oh, when she was pushed by the children (she falls) immediately onto the stones for steam cooking.’ 103

alibš i wiw’su ali–bš remove.from.fire–1SG.OBJ

i 2PL.IMP

wiw’su children

‘ “Take me out of the fire, children!’ 104

alibš i wiw’su u abaqtubu əd əd. ali–bš remove.from.fire–1SG.OBJ

i 2PL.IMP

wiw’su children

u= abaq–t–ubu əd IRR=return–ICS–2PL.OBJ

əd 1SG.SUB ‘ “Take me out of the fire, children, I will take you back!’ 105

alibš i wiw’su u abaqtubu əd əd ali–bš remove.from.fire–1SG.OBJ

i

wiw’su

2PL.IMP children

u= abaq–t–ubu əd IRR=return–ICS–2PL.OBJ

əd 1SG.SUB ‘ “Take me out of the fire, children, I will take you back!’

585

lalacut Agnes Jules James

106

uˑ kʷədad i ti siq’wayu u

kʷəda–t taken–ICS

INTJ

i 2PL.IMP

ti

siq’wayu

SPEC

forked.stick

‘ “Oh, take the pronged stick!” ’ 107

u alš ə tsi kia ləp u– al–š

ə

PFV–remove.from.fire–ICS

1PL.SUB

tsi

kia –ləp

SPEC:FEM

grandmother–2PL.PO

‘ “We are taking you guys’ grandmother out of the fire.’ 108

u alš ə u– al–š

ə 1PL.SUB

PFV–remove.from.fire–ICS

‘ “We are taking her out of the fire.” ’ 109 kʷədad i ti siq’wayu kʷəda–t

i 2PL.IMP

taken–ICS

ti

siq’wayu

SPEC

forked.stick

‘ “Take the pronged stick.” ’ 110 kʷaˑ

ʷul’əxʷ ukʷədatəb

kʷa

ʷul’=axʷ only=now

PTCL

u–kʷəda–t–b PFV–taken–ICS–PASS

‘However, it is just taken.’ 111 gʷəl biq’itəbəxʷ ə ti ə wiw’su dxʷ aˑl s ʷul’səxʷ uƛ’iq’ dxʷ al ti ’əƛ’ ’ƛ’a gʷəl

biq’i–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

pressed–ICS–PASS=now

ə

s= ʷul’=s=axʷ

PR

u–ƛ’iq’

NM=only=3PO=now

PFV–sticky

ti ə

wiw’su

dxʷ– al

PROX

children

CNTRPT–at

dxʷ– al

ti

CNTRPT–at

SPEC

’əƛ’– ’ƛ’a DSTR–stone

‘And she is pressed down by the children so that she is stuck to the stones.’ 112

aˑtəbəd tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ atəbəd tsi die

SPEC:FEM

sxʷi uq’ʷ Basket.Ogress

‘The Basket Ogress dies.’ 113 kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə bədbəda s kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

bəd–bəda –s

taken–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

DSTR–offspring–3PO

‘Her children are taken.’

586

Basket Ogress

114 huy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ huy

gʷəl

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

taken–ICS–PASS=now

‘And then they are taken.’ 115 gʷəl iq’ʷiduptəb dxʷ al ti ə s ʷuy’ilcəb s ti i i gʷəl

iq’ʷ•i•dup–t–b

SCONJ

swept•CNN•land–ICS–PASS

’ƛ’a

dxʷ– al

ti ə

CNTRPT–at

PROX

s= ʷuy’•ilc–b=s

ti –i i

NM=steam.cook•round–MD=3PO

PL–DIST

’ƛ’a stone

‘And they are swept onto the cooking rocks.’ 116 dxʷ aˑl cutəb ti ə wiw’su dxʷ– al

cut–t–b

ti ə

wiw’su

CNTRPT–at

say–ICS–PASS

PROX

children

‘Until it is spoken by the children,’ 117 di əxʷ ust’uk’ʷdubut ə di =axʷ

3

u=s=t’uk’ʷ–dxʷ–but

FOC=now

IRR=NM=go.home–DC–REFL

ə 1PL.PO

‘ “That is how we will manage to get ourselves home.” ’ 118 huˑy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ tə siq’ʷsiq’ʷwayu huy

gʷəl

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

tə

siq’ʷ–siq’ʷwayu

SCONJ

SCONJ

taken–ICS–PASS=now

NSPEC

DSTR–forked.stick

‘And then forked sticks are taken.’ 119 huy gʷəl biq’itəbəxʷ ə ti ə wiw’su huy

gʷəl

biq’i–t–b=axʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

pressed–ICS–PASS=now

ə PR

ti ə

wiw’su

PROX

children

‘And then she is pressed down by the children.’ 120

aˑtəbəd tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ atəbəd die

tsi ə

sxʷi uq’ʷ

PROX:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘The Basket Ogress dies.’

__________ 3

The tape reel runs out at this point and the story is picked up again in the following line.

587

lalacut Agnes Jules James

121 huy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə wiw’su sxʷi uq’ʷ huy

gʷəl

kʷəda–t–b=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

sxʷi uq’ʷ

SCONJ

SCONJ

taken–ICS–PASS=now

PROX

children

Basket.Ogress

‘And then they take the Basket Ogress children.’ 122 huy gʷəl iq’ʷitəbəxʷ dxʷ al ti ə səs ʷuy’ilcəb s dxʷ al ti i huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

iq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ swept–ICS–PASS=now

SCONJ

’ƛ’ ’ƛ’a

dxʷ– al

ti ə

CNTRPT–at

PROX

s= as– ʷuy’•ilc–b=s

dxʷ– al

ti i

’ƛ’– ’ƛ’a

NM=STAT–steam.cook•round–PASS=3PO

CNTRPT–at

DIST

DSTR–stone

‘And then they are swept onto the cooking stones.’ 123 huˑy yuˑbiləxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy

yubil=axʷ

ti ə

wiw’su

SCONJ

die=now

PROX

children

‘And the (Ogress’) children die.’ 124 huy gʷəl qʷibicutəxʷ ti ə

i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su

huy

gʷəl

qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ

ti ə

i –luƛ’–luƛ’

SCONJ

SCONJ

prepared–ICS–REFL=now

PROX

PRTV–DSTR–old

wiw’su children

‘And then the older children get themselves ready.’ 125 huy gʷəl əba təbəxʷ ti ə maˑ mad wiw’su huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

əba –t–b=axʷ backpack–ICS–PASS=now

ti ə

ma –mad

wiw’su

PROX

ATTN–small

children

‘And then the small children are backpacked.’ 126 huy gʷəl gʷaxʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

gʷaxʷ=axʷ

əlgʷə

SCONJ

SCONJ

walk=now

PL

‘And then they walk.’ 127

ahəxʷ kʷa ti ə skikəwi a=axʷ be.there=now

u iləxʷ dxʷ al ti ə

i išəds

kʷa

ti ə

s–ki–kəwi

PTCL

PROX

NP–ATTN–hunchback

dxʷ– al

ti ə

CNTRPT–at

PROX

u= il=axʷ IRR=arrive=now

i– iišəd–s RDP–relatives–3PO

‘There, meanwhile, is Little Hunchback about to arrive at his people.’

588

Basket Ogress

128 yicəbəxʷ yic–b=axʷ reported–CSMD=now ‘He reports to them.’ 129

uˑ

isəb ə

u

ə tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ ə

il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS

INT

ə

1PL.SUB

PR

tsi

sxʷi uq’ʷ

SPEC:FEM

Basket.Ogress

‘ “Oh, we have been come upon by Basket Ogress.’ 130 gʷəl u ʷtub ti bəˑk’ʷ tubədbəda ləp gʷəl

u ʷ–txʷ–b

SCONJ

go–ECS–PASS

ti

bək’ʷ

tu=bəd–bəda –ləp

SPEC

all

PAST=DSTR–offspring–2PL.PO

‘ “And she has taken all of your children.’ 131 yaˑ əxʷ əxʷ gʷu ə itub əxʷ ya =axʷ

əxʷ

unable=now

gʷə= u– ə id–txʷ–b

2SG.SUB

əxʷ

SBJ=PFV–what.happen–ECS–PASS

2SG.SUB

‘ “You could not have known what has been done to you.” ’ 132 šuuc i kʷi dəxʷəs a lil ə ti tubədbəda šu –c

i 2PL.IMP

see–ALTV

ə

kʷi

dəxʷ= as– a lil

REM

ADNM=STAT–live

tu=bəd–bəda

ə PR

ti SPEC

ə

PAST=DSTR–offspring

1PL.PO

‘ “Just look at (what has happened to) our children who lived here!” ’ 133

u ʷəxʷ ti ə tu ihišəd ə ti ə tuwiw’su u ʷ=axʷ go=now

ti ə

tu= iišəd

PROX

PAST=family

ə PR

ti ə

tu=wiw’su

PROX

PAST=children

‘The former families of the former children go now.’ 134 gʷəl aliləxʷ gʷəl SCONJ

alil=axʷ go.ashore=now

‘And they go ashore.’ 135 huy gʷəl šuucəb ti ə dəxʷəs a lil ə ti ə tuwiw’su huy

gʷəl

šu –c–b

ti ə

dəxʷ= as– a lil

SCONJ

SCONJ

see–ALTV–PASS

PROX

ADNM=STAT–live

ə PR

ti ə PROX

589

lalacut Agnes Jules James

tu=wiw’su PAST=children

‘And then they see the former children of the village.’ 136 tiˑləb kʷi s əƛ’ ə ti wiw’su tiləb

kʷi

s= əƛ’

immediately

REM

NM=come

ə PR

ti

wiw’su

SPEC

children

‘The coming of the children is sudden.’ 137

uˑ ugʷəlald ə tsi i tusxʷi uq’ʷ u

ə

u–gʷəlal–t PFV–harmed–ICS

INTJ

1PL.SUB

tsi i

tu=sxʷi uq’ʷ

DIST:FEM

PAST=Basket.Ogress

‘ “Oh, we killed the Basket Ogress.’ 138 kʷədad ə

a ədəd dxʷ al ti ə s ʷuyilcəb ’ƛ’ ’ƛ’a

kʷəda–t

ə

taken–ICS

a

1PL.SUB

əd–t

1PL.COORD

pushed–ICS

dxʷ– al

ti ə

CNTRPT–at

PROX

’ƛ’– ’ƛ’a

s= ʷuy•ilc–b NM=steam.cook•round–MD

DSTR–stone

‘ “We have grabbed her and pushed her onto the cooking rocks.’ 139 huy gʷəl atəbədəxʷ bəˑk’ʷ ti ə tubədbəda s əlgʷə huy

gʷəl

SCONJ

SCONJ

atəbəd=axʷ die=now

bək’ʷ ti ə

tu=bəd–bəda –s

əlgʷə

all

PAST=DSTR–offspring–3PO

PL

PROX

‘ “And then all her children died, too.” ’ 140 diˑ dəxʷck’ʷaqid səsƛ’alabut

ə kʷi wiw’su

di

dəxʷ=ck’ʷaqid

s= as–ƛ’alabut

FOC

ADNM=always

NM=STAT–understand

ə PR

kʷi

wiw’su

REM

children

‘That is why children always take heed.’ 141

əsƛ’əlabutbitəb kʷi yəl’yəlabs as–ƛ’əlabut–bi–t–b STAT–understand–MAP–ECS–PASS

‘Their parents are taken heed of.’ 142 di sšac’s di

s=šac’=s

FOC

NM=end=3PO

‘That’s the end.’

kʷi

yəl’–yəlab–s

REM

DSTR–elder–3PO

Glossary of Terms

This purpose of this glossary is to explain, in relatively informal language, the meanings of the terms used in the abbreviations found in the interlinear analyses of the texts and some of the technical terms used in the Introduction. Words in boldface in the definitions below signify terms that have their own definitions in the glossary. While not always technically precise, they should give readers a good sense of the intended meaning of the terminology used in this volume; there are also good (and more accurate) definitions and discussions of many of them online. For each definition, two or three typical uses from the present volume are cited by page and line number. absent (ABS) – indicates that the one being referred to is not present [page 150, line 582; page 190, line 864]. activity (ACT) – a suffix added to a verb to indicate that the subject is performing a culturally significant activity [page 74, line 13; page 331, line 66]. additive (ADD) – a clitic meaning ‘also’, ‘again’, or ‘more’ page 35, line 24; page 47, line 120; page 62, line 237]. adjunct – a part of a sentence that is not required but that adds extra information, such as a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb. adjunctive nominalizer (ADNM) – a clitic that changes the meaning of a clause to refer to a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb in that clause [page 38, line 47; page 41, line 70; page 42, line 82]. affix (–) – a part of a word that is not its root and that can be assigned a specific grammatical meaning or function. allative applicative (ALTV) – a suffix that adds a goal towards which the subject moves [page 120, line 361; page 188, line 849].

592

Glossary of Terms

allomorphic – reflecting different pronunciations of an affix (e.g., the difference in the sound of the plural -s in cats versus dogs). allophonic – reflecting a change or variation in pronunciation of a sound that does not alter meaning (e.g., the difference in the sound of the /t/ in write versus writing). applicative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new object. aspect – an inflection of a verb that indicates whether it refers to a complete event or something that is ongoing, an unchanging state, etc. attenuative (ATTN) – a reduplication applied to a word that indicates either small size or diminished force [page 32, line 5; page 210, line 83]. autonomous (AUTO) – a suffix that indicates that the subject of a verb has acted deliberately to achieve the state described by the verb’s root [page 99, line 205; page 375, line 54]. causative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new subject that causes the event described by the verb. causative middle (CSMD) – an affix that adds a new subject who causes the event and whose own interests are affected [page 146, line 548; page 484, line 284]. centrifugal (CNTRFG) – expressing motion away from the centre or the point of reference (“from”) page 76, line 28; page 140, line 503]. centripetal (CNTRPT) – expressing motion towards the centre or the point of reference (“to”) page 34, line 15; page 48, line 125]. classifier (CLS) – a suffix used in conjunction with a numeral for counting [page 472, line 188; page 578, line 59]. clause – the part of a sentence that expresses an event or a state and identifies the participants in that event or state. Minimally, a clause contains a predicate (usually a verb) and a subject. A sentence may consist of more than one clause. clitic (=) – an element that is pronounced together with a word that it is not really a part of (e.g., English re in they’re) [see Introduction, pages 18 to 21]. collective (COLL) – a lexical suffix denoting a group or collectivity [page 183, line 818]. connective (CNN) – a meaningless element that occurs between two affixes and helps to join them [page 48, line 128; page 138, line 493]. conjunction (CONJ) – a word used to connect two or more words or phrases (e.g., English and or but). contained (CTD) – a very common prefix with many meanings; originally it had to do with processes that are localized or carried out within some form of containment [page 207, line 62; page 328, line 45], but over time it has come to be used most

Glossary of Terms

593

commonly in words for thoughts, desires, and internal mental states [page 35, line 25; page 64, line 254; page 171, line 734]. continuous (CONT) – an aspect indicating that an event is drawn out over an uninterrupted period of time [page 320, line 75; page 380, line 92]. coordinated – joined by a conjunction such as English and, or, or but. coordinative (COORD) – a special form of pronominal used in a second or subsequent clause in a series of coordinated (compound) sentences [page 40, line 68; page 168, line 710]. dative applicative (DAT) – a secondary suffix that adds a recipient to a clause [page 41, line 75; page 41, line 76]. deictic – having to do with locating something in space relative to the speaker. demonstrative adverbial (DMA) – a type of adverb used to indicate distance and spatial location [page 81, line 62; page 98, line 190]; sometimes these can function as determiners [page 54, line 176; page 94, line 162]. derivational – having to do with the formation of words. desiderative (DSD) – a suffix added to a verb indicating that the subject wishes to perform the action expressed by the verb; it is always accompanied by the contained prefix [page 35, line 25; page 64, line 254]. determiner – a word like the English the or a that introduces a noun or a phrase used as a noun. diminished control (DC) – a suffix used to indicate that the subject is not in complete control of the event described by the verb [page 52, line 162; page 560, line 16]. diminished effectiveness (DIM.EFF) – a reduplication that indicates that an action is performed only partially or ineffectively over and over again [page 34, line 18; page 255, line 148]. distal (DIST) – indicates that something is at a distance from the speaker (further away than proximal, closer than remote). distributive (DSTR) – a reduplication that, when applied to nouns, indicates plurality [page 35, line 23; page 35, line 28] and, when applied to verbs, indicates an action carried out over an area, repeatedly, or by several people [page 51, line 153; page 61, line 230; page 100, line 208]. enclitic – a clitic that comes after the word it attaches to. epenthesis – the insertion of an extra sound in certain phonological contexts. etymology – the study of the history of words.

594

Glossary of Terms

external causative (ECS) – a causative suffix used to add a subject that is less directly involved in the event it causes [page 44, line 100; page 47, line 117] or is not physically affected by the event [page 40, line 68; page 42, line 79]. feminine (FEM) – a form of a word used to refer to females, small things, or things the speaker has affection for. focus (FOC) – indicates that the subject of the sentence is a particular thing that is being singled out for attention [page 86, line 106; page 206, line 58; page 232, line 249]. fossilized – being recognizable as an affix or other part of a word but not having its original meaning (or any meaning at all) because of historical developments. generic – referring to a type of thing rather than anything in particular. gloss – translation. habitual (HAB) – an aspect that indicates that an action is done habitually or repeatedly over a period of time [page 34, line 19; page 68, line 285]. human (HMN) – a form of numeral used to count people. imperative (IMP) – a particle used as part of a command [page 51, line 148; page 68, line 286]. inchoative (INCH) – a suffix that indicates the beginning of an action or state [page 41, line 77; page 50, line 143]. inflection – grammatical elements that are required by words in specific contexts. internal causative (ICS) –a suffix used to add a subject to an event in which it is directly, usually physically, involved [page 40, line 68; page 43, line 91]. instrumental (INSTR) – a prefix added to verbs to create nouns expressing an instrument that is used to perform an action or activity [page 105, line 243; page 501, line 406]. intensivity (INTNS) – a reduplication applied to a verb or an adverb to intensify its meaning (in a way similar to the English very) [page 66, line 271; page 504, line 433]. interjection (INTJ) – a word that expresses speaker attitude and that can be used either on its own or as part of a sentence (e.g., English “Wow!” or “Really?”). interrogative (INT) – a particle used to indicate that a sentence is a question [page 38, line 52; page 58, line 208]. irrealis (IRR) – a mood that indicates that the clause describes an event that hasn’t happened yet (i.e., the future) or is considered unlikely to happen or hypothetical [page 33, line 13; page 86, line 105]. lexeme – the dictionary form of a word, excluding any inflections it may have. lexical class – part of speech (noun, verb, etc.).

Glossary of Terms

595

lexical suffix (•) – a suffix that has a concrete, substantive meaning, usually translated as a noun in English [see Introduction, page 18]. middle (MD) – a suffix that has a wide range of meanings, mostly indicating that the event or action involves or affects only the subject [page 47, line 119; page 91, line 144; page 100, line 209]. middle applicative (MAP) – a secondary suffix that adds a new object to a verb; the object is usually not directly or physically affected by the event [page 130, line 437; page 131, line 441]. modal – expressing mood. monomorphemic – consisting of only one analyzable part. mood – an inflection of verbs that usually indicates speaker attitude about either the reality of an event or its desirability. morpheme – a part of a word that expresses some meaning. morphology – the rules and patterns governing the makeup of words in a language. morphophonemics – phonological changes that apply only to particular affixes. negative proclitic (NEGP) – a clitic that appears in certain types of negative sentences [page 36, line 34; page 44, line 93]. nominalizer (NM) – a clitic that is attached to an adverb or a verb in a clause, making the clause more like a noun (similar to English -ing in expressions like Bill’s competing in the race) [page 11, line 20; page 42, line 77; page 42, line 84]. nominalizing prefix (NP) – a prefix attached to verbs to make them into nouns [page 177, line 773; page 501, line 407], or to nouns to make them generic [page 61, line 231; page 255, line 141]. non-compositional – having a meaning that is not the exact sum of the meanings of its parts (e.g., white-collar). non-specific (NSPEC) – indicates that the following noun refers to a kind of thing rather than some particular individual. object (OBJ) – the word or phrase that expresses the target of an action (like bread in the baker sliced the bread); objects are often expressed by suffixes on verbs rather than by nouns or pronouns [page 44, line 94; page 51, line 155]. passive (PASS) – a suffix that makes what is usually the object of a verb its subject; what is usually the subject appears in a prepositional phrase in a passive sentence (for example, the English passive of the dog chased the cat is the cat was chased by the dog) [page 46, line 113; page 53, line 163]. partitive (PRTV) – a prefix that means “others” and indicates that only some of the people on the scene perform an action [page 52, line 158; page 183, line 814; page

596

Glossary of Terms

190, line 869], or that only part of a group or an object is involved in an event or action [page 73, line 2; page 113, line 300]. particle (PTCL) – a word that stands by itself without taking affixes of any kind; such words usually have abstract or grammatical meanings. perfective (PFV) – an aspect that indicates that an action is completed [page 42, line 81; page 45, line 105]. phoneme – a sound of a language that could be represented by a unique letter in an alphabet. Changing a phoneme in a word can potentially change it to another word. phonology – the system of sounds used by a language and the rules that govern their combination and interaction. phonotactics – restrictions on the possible combinations of sounds allowed by a language. person – a grammatical term that refers to the people involved in a conversation. First person is the speaker (“I” and “we”), second person is the person being addressed (“you” and “you guys”), and third person is a third party or thing that is being talked about (“he,” “she,” “it,” “they”). predicate – part of a clause that states something about, identifies, or classifies the subject. prefix – an affix that is added before a root. preposition (PR) – a word used to introduce a noun into a clause. Lushootseed has two prepositions: ʔal ‘at’, which appears alone or combines with the centrifugal, centripetal, or prolative prefixes, and ʔə, which has no real meaning but performs a number of grammatical functions. proclitic – a clitic that comes before the word it attaches to. proclivative (PROC) – a prefix for professions or people with a predisposition to perform particular actions [page 58, line 205; page 73, line 3]. progressive (PROG) – an aspect that indicates that an action is in progress or takes place over a stretch of time [page 35, line 26; page 46, line 116]. prolative (PRLV) – indicates location or motion distributed over an area [page 361, line 40; page 389, line 160], or motion along a path [page 150, line 582; page 204, line 36]. pronominal – a clitic that indicates the subject of a sentence (similar to the English pronouns I or she, but not a full word). propriative (PROP) – a prefix indicating ownership or possession [page 32, line 5; page 35, line 24]. prosodic – having to do with the rhythmic or intonational pattern of speech. proximal (PROX) – indicates that something is close to the speaker.

Glossary of Terms

597

purposive (PRPV) – a suffix that means ‘go in order to do something’ page 272, line 77; page 341, line 138]. quotative (QTV) – a particle that indicates the speaker is simply repeating something he or she heard someone else say [page 66, line 270; page 303, line 48]. radical – a technical term for “root.” reciprocal (RCP) – a marker on the verb that indicates that the subject acts on the object and the object acts in the same way as the subject (e.g., English each other in they hit each other) [page 226, line 205]. reduplication (RDP) – a copy of a part of a word that is added back onto the word itself to express some kind of grammatical meaning. Lushootseed has several types of reduplication, the most common being the attenuative and the distributive. reference-tracking – a system for keeping track of who is being talked about in a story or conversation. reflexive (REFL) – a suffix that indicates that the subject is acting on itself (e.g., himself in English, as in he cut himself) [page 55, line 181; page 69, line 293]. relational (RLNL) – a suffix with a number of meanings, most commonly used to form expressions of relative spatial location [page 38, line 52; page 69, line 293]. remote/hypothetical (REM) – indicates that something is far from the speaker, or that it is considered not to be real or is only a possibility. root – the basic part of a word that expresses its central meaning (e.g., write in English rewrites). secondary suffix (SS) – a suffix that combines with other suffixes in order to change the meaning of the verb in a variety of ways. Lushootseed has a variety of these, including the dative and middle applicatives. sentential conjunction (SCONJ) – a word used to organize sentences in a story. specific (SPEC) – indicates that the following noun refers to a specific individual. stative (STAT) – an aspect indicating that what the verb describes is a lasting state or state of affairs [page 11, line 19; page 32, line 1]. subject – the protagonist or most important participant in an event. subjunctive (SBJ) – a mood that indicates that an event is uncertain or hypothetical, or (in negative sentences) that it is not achievable [page 36, line 33; page 42, line 83]. subordinate (SBRD) – special pronominal subject clitics used on verbs in some kinds of subordinate clause [page 47, line 118; page 74, line 10].

598

Glossary of Terms

subordinate clause – a clause that is part of another clause and cannot stand on its own as a full sentence (e.g., if I had known in English: if I had known, I wouldn’t have done that) suffix – an affix that is added after a root. syntax – the rules that govern the structure of sentences and the combination of words in a language. temporal – expressing tense. tense – an inflection of verbs that indicates whether the event happened in the past, present, or future. unique (UNQ) – indicates that the following noun is a unique individual. valency – the total number of subjects and objects that a verb can have. wordform – the full form of a word, including inflections.

References

Bates, Dawn, Thomas M. Hess, and Vi Hilbert. 1994. Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Beck, David. 1999. “Words and Prosodic Phrasing in Lushootseed Narrative.” In Studies on the Phonological Word, ed. Toby A. Hall and Ursula Kleinhenz, 23-46. Amsterdam: Benjamins. –. 2000. “Semantic Agents, Syntactic Subjects, and Discourse Topics: How to Locate Lushootseed Sentences in Space and Time.” Studies in Language 24: 277-317. Beck, David, and David Bennett. 2007. “Extending the Prosodic Hierarchy: Evidence from Lushootseed Narrative.” Northwest Journal of Linguistics 1: 1-34. http://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/. Beck, David, and Thom Hess. 2010. “Two syəyəhub from Harry Moses.” In A Festschrift for Thomas M. Hess on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, ed. David Beck, 1-54. Whatcom Museum Publications 21. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum Publications. Bierwert, Crisca. 1996. Lushootseed Texts: An Introduction to Puget Sound Salish Narrative Aesthetics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa, and M. Dale Kinkade. 1998. “Salish Languages and Linguistics.” In Salish Languages and Linguistics: Theoretical and Descriptive Perspectives, ed. Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins and M. Dale Kinkade, 1-68. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Hess, Thomas M. 1976. Dictionary of Puget Salish. Seattle: American Indian Studies, University of Washington Press. –. 1977. “Lushootseed Dialects.” Anthropological Linguistics 19: 403-19.

600

References

–. 1982. “Traces of ‘Abnormal’ Speech in Lushootseed.” In Papers for the 17th International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages, 89-97. Portland, OR. –. 1995. Lushootseed Reader with Introductory Grammar. Volume I: Four Stories from Edward Sam. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. –. 1998. Lushootseed Reader with Intermediate Grammar. Volume II: Four Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. –. 2006. Lushootseed Reader with English Translations. Volume III: Four More Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu. 199 a. ə ’usədə

ə gʷəqʷulc’ə , Aunt Susie Sampson Peter:

The Wisdom of a Skagit Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. –. 1995b. siastənu, “Gram” Ruth Sehome Shelton: The Wisdom of a Tulalip Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. –. 1996. Lady Louse Lived There. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu, and Thomas M. Hess. 1977. “Lushootseed.” In Northwest Coast Texts: Stealing Light, ed. Barry F. Carlson, 4-32. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kinkade, M. Dale, William W. Elmendorf, Bruce Rigsby, and Haruo Aoki. 1998. “Languages.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Plateau, ed. Deward E. Walker Jr., 49-72. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Kiyosawa, Kaoru, and Donna B. Gerdts. 2010. Salish Applicatives. Leiden: Brill.